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75,517,743	2011 Teignbridge District Council election	Elections to Teignbridge District Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 46 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party gained the council from no overall control.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elections to Teignbridge District Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 46 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party gained the council from no overall control.", "title": "" } ]	Elections to Teignbridge District Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 46 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party gained the council from no overall control.	2023-12-08T18:35:00Z	2023-12-08T20:06:53Z	[ "Template:Decrease", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Devon elections", "Template:United Kingdom local elections, 2011", "Template:UK-election-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Increase" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Teignbridge_District_Council_election
75,517,745	List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1886	This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1886. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland. For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Acts passed from 1963 onwards are simply cited by calendar year and chapter number. All modern acts have a short title, e.g. the Local Government Act 2003. Some earlier acts also have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896. The first session of the 23rd Parliament of the United Kingdom, which met from 12 January 1886 until 25 June 1886. {{legislationuk\|act \|- \| {{\|Land Registry Act 1886\|public\|1\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Freshwater Fisheries Act 1886\|public\|2\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Marriages Validity Act 1886\|public\|3\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Consolidated Fund (No. 1) Act 1886\|public\|4\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|Drill Grounds Act 1886\|public\|5\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Military Lands Act 1892) }} \| {{\|Glebe Loan (Ireland) Acts Amendment Act 1886\|public\|6\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Consolidated Fund (No. 2) Act 1886\|public\|7\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|Army (Annual) Act 1886\|public\|8\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Prison (Officers' Superannuation) Act 1886\|public\|9\|16-04-1886\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Prisons Act of 1877, so far as regards the Superannuation of Prison Officers.}} \| {{\|Contagious Diseases Acts Repeal Act 1886\|public\|10\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|Metropolitan Police (Compensation) Act 1886\|public\|11\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|Bankruptcy (Office Accommodation) Act 1886\|public\|12\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Cape Race Lighthouse Act 1886\|public\|13\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Marriage Act 1886\|public\|14\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Sporting Lands Rating (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|15\|10-05-1886\|maintained=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Law as to the Rating of Lands occupied for Sporting purposes in Scotland.}} \| {{\|Lunacy (Vacating of Seats) Act 1886\|public\|16\|10-05-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Law in regard to the Vacating of Seats in the House of Commons.\|note4=(Repealed by Mental Health Act 1959) }} \| {{\|Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1886\|public\|17\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Customs and Inland Revenue Act 1886\|public\|18\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|National Debt Act 1886\|public\|19\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by National Debt and Local Loans Act 1887) }} \| {{\|Burial of Drowned Persons Act 1886\|public\|20\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Law in respect to the Discovery and Interment of Persons drowned.\|note4=(Repealed by National Assistance Act 1948) }} \| {{\|Burial Grounds (Scotland) Amendment Act 1886\|public\|21\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|Metropolitan Police Act 1886\|public\|22\|04-06-1886\|maintained=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Enactments relating to Offices, Stations, and Buildings for the Metropolitan Police Force.}} \| {{\|Companies Act 1886\|public\|23\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Peace Preservation (Ireland) Continuance Act 1886\|public\|24\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Idiots Act 1886\|public\|25\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Mental Deficiency Act 1913) }} \| {{\|Appropriation Act 1886\|public\|26\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|Guardianship of Infants Act 1886\|public\|27\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Bankruptcy (Agricultural Labourers' Wages) Act 1886\|public\|28\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Preferential Payments in Bankruptcy Act 1888) }} \| {{\|Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|29\|25-06-1886\|maintained=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Tenure of Land by Crofters in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, and for other purposes relating thereto.}} \| {{\|Patriotic Fund Act 1886\|public\|30\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Oxford University (Justices) Act 1886\|public\|31\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act 1886\|public\|32\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|International Copyright Act 1886\|public\|33\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Incumbents of Benefices Loans Extension Act 1886\|public\|34\|25-06-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|British North America Act 1886\|note1=known in Canada as the Constitution Act, 1886\|public\|35\|25-06-1886\|maintained=y\|archived=n\|An Act respecting the representation in the Parliament of Canada of territories which for the time being form part of the Dominion of Canada, but are not included in any province.}} \| {{\|West Indian Incumbered Estates Act 1886\|public\|36\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Patents Act 1886\|public\|37\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Riot (Damages) Act 1886\|public\|38\|25-06-1886\|maintained=y\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to provide Compensation for Losses by Riots.\|note4=(Repealed by Riot Compensation Act 2016) }} \| {{\|Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1886\|public\|39\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Coal Mines Act 1886\|public\|40\|25-06-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Coal Mines Regulation Act 1887) }} \| {{\|Customs Amendment Act 1886\|public\|41\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Revising Barristers Act 1886\|public\|42\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Revising Barristers (Ireland) Act 1886\|public\|43\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Metropolitan Board of Works (Money) Act 1886\|public\|44\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Public Works Loans Act 1886\|public\|45\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Public Works Loans (Ireland) Act 1886\|public\|46\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Land Tax Commissioners Names Act 1886\|public\|47\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Medical Act 1886\|public\|48\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Peterhead Harbour of Refuge Act 1886\|public\|49\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Removal Terms (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|50\|25-06-1886\|maintained=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Terms of Removal from Houses in Scotland.}} \| {{\|Poor Law Loans and Relief (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|51\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Married Women (Maintenance in case of Desertion) Act 1886\|public\|52\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Sea Fishing Boats (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|53\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Extraordinary Tithe Redemption Act 1886\|public\|54\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Shop Hours Regulation Act 1886\|public\|55\|25-06-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to limit the Hours of Labour of Children and Young Persons in Shops.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|Intoxicating Liquors (Sale to Children) Act 1886\|public\|56\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Parliamentary Elections (Returning Officers) Act (1875) Amendment Act 1886\|public\|57\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Returning Officers (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|58\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Labourers (Ireland) Act 1886\|public\|59\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}} }} {{legislationuk\|act \|- \| {{\|Drainage and Improvement of Lands Supplemental (Ireland) Act 1886\|local\|1\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Glasheen Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Bute Docks (Transfer) Act 1886\|local\|86\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Torquay Harbour and District Act 1886\|local\|119\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} }} {{legislationuk\|act \|- \| {{\|Lord Walsingham's Estate Act 1886\|private\|1\|25-06-1886\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|An Act to enable the Trustees of Thomas Lord Walsingham's Settled Estate, to grant Building Leases of Land in the Parish of Saint George, Hanover Square, in the County of Middlesex, and for other purposes in relation thereto.}} \| {{\|Westropp's Divorce Act 1886\|note1=\|private\|2\|25-06-1886\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|An Act to dissolve the marriage of Louisa Jane Moore Morgan Westropp with Edward Spread Morgan Westropp and to enable her to marry again and for other purposes.}} \| {{\|Brooke's Divorce Act 1886\|note1=\|private\|3\|25-06-1886\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|An Act to dissolve the Marriage of Gerald Richard Brooke, of Kellystown House, Clonsilla, in the County of Dublin, Esquire, with the Honorable Kathleen Brooke, his now Wife, and to enable him to marry again, and for other purposes.}} }} The first session of the 24th Parliament of the United Kingdom, which met from 5 August 1886 until 25 September 1886. No private acts were passed during this session. {{legislationuk\|act \|- \| {{\|Appropriation Act 1886, Session 2\|public\|1\|25-09-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to apply a sum out of the Consolidated Fund to the service of the year ending on the thirty-first day of March one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven, and to appropriate the Supplies granted in this Session of Parliament.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|Secret Service Money (Repeal) Act 1886\|public\|2\|25-09-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to repeal the enactments authorising the issue out of the Consolidated Fund of money for Secret Service within the United Kingdom.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|Submarine Telegraph Act 1886\|public\|3\|25-09-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Submarine Telegraph Act, 1885.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|Belfast Commission Act 1886\|public\|4\|25-09-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act for facilitating the proceedings of the Commissioners appointed to hold a Court of Inquiry respecting Riots and Disturbances at Belfast.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} \| {{\|Expiring Laws Continuance Act 1886\|public\|5\|25-09-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to continue various expiring Laws.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }} }} {{legislationuk\|act \|- \| {{\|Education Department Provisional Order Confirmation (Birmingham) Act 1886\|local\|1\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Birmingham Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Education Department Provisional Order Confirmation (London) Act 1886\|local\|2\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=London Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Order Confirmation (Poor Law) (No. 7) Act 1886\|local\|3\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=n\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Broadwell and Filkins (Oxon. and Glos.) Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Order Confirmation (County Divisions) Act 1886\|local\|4\|25-09-1886\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Misson Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (Gas) Act 1886\|local\|5\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Droitwich Gas Order 1886\| \|po2=Marsden Gas Order 1886\| \|po3=Penrith Gas Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Order Confirmation (Highways) Act 1886\|local\|6\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Montgomery Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 3) Act 1886\|local\|7\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Cambridge Order 1886\| \|po2=Cheshunt Order 1886\| \|po3=Cleckheaton Order 1886\| \|po4=Portsmouth Order 1886\| \|po5=Stockport Union Order 1886\| \|po6=Wangford Union Order (1) 1886\| \|po7=Wangford Union Order (2) 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 6) Act 1886\|local\|8\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Burslem Order 1886\| \|po2=Denton and Haughton Order 1886\| \|po3=Dewsbury Order 1886\| \|po4=Dewsbury and Heckmondwike Order 1886\| \|po5=Lancaster Order 1886\| \|po6=Southport Order 1886\| \|po7=Ulverston Order 1886\| \|po8=Widnes Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Pier and Harbour Orders Confirmation Act 1886\|local\|9\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Ballyshannon Harbour Order 1886\| \|po2=Buckpool Harbour Order 1886\| \|po3=Coldingham-shore Harbour Order 1886\| \|po4=Cullen Harbour Order 1886\| \|po5=Cullen Harbour Order 1886\| \|po6=Dovercourt Pier Order 1886\| \|po7=Dunbar Harbour Order 1886\| \|po8=Loch Ranza Pier Order 1886\| \|po9=Lynmouth Pier Order 1886\| \|po10=Mevagissey Harbour Order 1886\| \|po11=Newlyn Pier and Harbour Order 1886\| \|po12=Penarth Promenade and Landing Pier Order 1886\| \|po13=St. Ives Harbour Order 1886\| \|po14=Shanklin Pier Order 1886\| \|po15=Wexford Harbour Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Tramways Orders Confirmation (No. 1) Act 1886\|local\|10\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Dudley, Stourbridge and Kingswinford Tramways Order 1886\| \|po1=Great Grimsby Street Tramways (Cleethorpes Extn.) Order 1886\| \|po2=Halifax and Districts Tramways (Release of Deposits) Order 1886\| \|po3=Jarrow and Hebburn and District Tramways (Release of Deposit) Order 1886\| \|po4=North Staffordshire Tramways (Release of Deposit) Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 8) Act 1886\|local\|11\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Bangor Order 1886\| \|po1=Bradford (Yorks.) Order (1) 1886\| \|po1=Tyldesley-with-Shakerley Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Order Confirmation (No. 9) Act 1886\|local\|12\|25-09-1886\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Panteg Order 1886\|Provisional Order for extending the Local Government District of Panteg.}} \| {{\|Local Government Board (Ireland) Provisional Orders Confirmation (Galway and Londonderry) Act 1886\|local\|13\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Galway Town Provisional Order 1886\| \|po2=Londonderry Waterworks (Waterside Dist.) Provisional Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 5) Act 1886\|local\|14\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Barnet Union Order 1886\| \|po2=Kingston-upon-Hull Order 1886\| \|po3=Newport (Mon.) Order 1886\| \|po4=York Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 7) Act 1886\|local\|15\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Bradford (Yorks.) Order 1886\| \|po2=Chichester Order 1886\| \|po3=Cleator Moor Order 1886\| \|po4=Hornsey Order 1886\| \|po5=Maryport Order 1886\| \|po6=Tunbridge Wells and Southborough Order 1886\| \|po7=West Kent Main Sewerage Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 10) Act 1886\|local\|16\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Gateshead Order 1886\| \|po2=Kingston-upon-Hull Order 1886\| \|po3=North Brierley Order 1886\| \|po4=Stockport Order 1886\| \|po5=Wigan Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 11) Act 1886\|local\|17\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Dukinfield Order 1886\| \|po2=Manchester Order 1886\| \|po3=Rochester and Chatham Joint Hospital District Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Electric Lighting Order Confirmation Act 1886\|local\|18\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Chelsea Electric Lighting Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Gas Orders Confirmation (No. 2) Act 1886\|local\|19\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Abingdon Gas Order 1886\| \|po2=Hoddesdon Gas Order 1886\| \|po3=Honley Gas Order 1886\| \|po4=Horley District Gas Order 1886\| \|po5=Langley Mill and Heanor Gas Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Urray Water Supply Confirmation Act 1886\|local\|20\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Urray Water Provisional Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Tramways Orders Confirmation (No. 2) Act 1886\|local\|21\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Bradford Corporation Tramways Order 1886\| \|po2=Drypool and Marfleet Steam Tramways Order 1886\| \|po3=Drypool and Marfleet Order 1886\| \|po4=Oxford Tramways (Extns.) Order 1886\| \|po5=Stratford Ilford and Romford Tramways Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Tramways Orders Confirmation (No. 3) Act 1886\|local\|22\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Birmingham and Western Districts Tramways Order 1886\| \|po2=Birmingham and Central Tramways (Extn.) Order 1886\| \|po3=South Birmingham Tramways (Extn.) Order 1886\| \|po4=South Birmingham Tramways (Abandonment) Order 1886\| \|po5=South Staffordshire and Birmingham District Steam Tramways Order 1886\|}} \| {{\|Exeter, Teign Valley and Chagford Railway (Extension of Time) Act 1886\|local\|23\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Plymouth, Devonport and District Tramways Act 1886\|local\|24\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Salford Corporation Act 1886\|local\|25\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Moore Street Market and North Dublin City Improvement Act 1886\|local\|26\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Warehousemen's and Clerks' Schools Act 1886\|local\|27\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Royal Warehousemen Clerks and Drapers' Schools Act 1954 (c.xxxix)) }} \| {{\|River Suck (County Connaught) Drainage Act 1886\|local\|28\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Ionian Bank (Limited) Act 1886\|local\|29\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Woodstock Railway Act 1886\|local\|30\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Leeds Compressed Air Power Company's Act 1886\|local\|31\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Lynton Railway Act 1886\|local\|32\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|St. Helens and Wigan Junction Railway Act 1886\|local\|33\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Ardrossan Harbour (Sale and Transfer) Act 1886\|local\|34\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Muswell Hill and Palace Railway Act 1886\|local\|35\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Chatham and Brompton Tramways Act 1886\|local\|36\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Chatham and Brompton Tramways (Abandonment) Act 1888 (c.xxxv)) }} \| {{\|Barry and Cadoxton Gas and Water Act 1886\|local\|37\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by County of South Glamorgan Act 1976 (c. xxxv)) }} \| {{\|Nelson Improvement Act 1886\|local\|38\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|North London Tramways Act 1886\|local\|39\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Rotherham and Bawtry Railway Act 1886\|local\|40\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Rotherham and Bawtry Railway (Abandonment) Act 1888 (c.cc)) }} \| {{\|Hampstead Heath Enlargement Act 1886\|local\|41\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Metropolitan Railway Act 1886\|local\|42\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Seacombe, Hoylake and Dee Side Railway Act 1886\|local\|43\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Halifax High Level and North and South Junction Railway Act 1886\|local\|44\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Mersey Railway Act 1886\|local\|45\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Midland and South Western Junction Railway Act 1886\|local\|46\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Portsmouth and Hayling Railway Act 1886\|local\|47\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Sutton and Willoughby Railway (Mablethorpe Extension) Act 1886\|local\|48\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (Additional Powers) Act 1886\|local\|49\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Bank of South Australia (Limited) Act 1886\|local\|50\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Midland and Central Wales Junction Railway (Abandonment) Act 1886\|local\|51\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Plymouth and Devonport (Extension) Tramways Act 1886\|local\|52\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|North Pembrokeshire and Fishguard Railway Act 1886\|local\|53\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Bridgwater Railway Act 1886\|local\|54\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} \| {{\|Neath Harbour Act 1886\|local\|55\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}} }}	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1886. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as \"39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67\", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus \"41 Geo. 3\" rather than \"41 Geo. III\"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as \"41 Geo. 3\". Acts passed from 1963 onwards are simply cited by calendar year and chapter number.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "All modern acts have a short title, e.g. the Local Government Act 2003. Some earlier acts also have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The first session of the 23rd Parliament of the United Kingdom, which met from 12 January 1886 until 25 June 1886.", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "{{legislationuk\|act \|- \| {{\|Land Registry Act 1886\|public\|1\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "\| {{\|Freshwater Fisheries Act 1886\|public\|2\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "\| {{\|Marriages Validity Act 1886\|public\|3\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "\| {{\|Consolidated Fund (No. 1) Act 1886\|public\|4\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "\| {{\|Drill Grounds Act 1886\|public\|5\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Military Lands Act 1892) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "\| {{\|Glebe Loan (Ireland) Acts Amendment Act 1886\|public\|6\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "\| {{\|Consolidated Fund (No. 2) Act 1886\|public\|7\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "\| {{\|Army (Annual) Act 1886\|public\|8\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "\| {{\|Prison (Officers' Superannuation) Act 1886\|public\|9\|16-04-1886\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Prisons Act of 1877, so far as regards the Superannuation of Prison Officers.}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "\| {{\|Contagious Diseases Acts Repeal Act 1886\|public\|10\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "\| {{\|Metropolitan Police (Compensation) Act 1886\|public\|11\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "\| {{\|Bankruptcy (Office Accommodation) Act 1886\|public\|12\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "\| {{\|Cape Race Lighthouse Act 1886\|public\|13\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "\| {{\|Marriage Act 1886\|public\|14\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "\| {{\|Sporting Lands Rating (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|15\|10-05-1886\|maintained=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Law as to the Rating of Lands occupied for Sporting purposes in Scotland.}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "\| {{\|Lunacy (Vacating of Seats) Act 1886\|public\|16\|10-05-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Law in regard to the Vacating of Seats in the House of Commons.\|note4=(Repealed by Mental Health Act 1959) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "\| {{\|Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1886\|public\|17\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "\| {{\|Customs and Inland Revenue Act 1886\|public\|18\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "\| {{\|National Debt Act 1886\|public\|19\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by National Debt and Local Loans Act 1887) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "\| {{\|Burial of Drowned Persons Act 1886\|public\|20\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Law in respect to the Discovery and Interment of Persons drowned.\|note4=(Repealed by National Assistance Act 1948) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "\| {{\|Burial Grounds (Scotland) Amendment Act 1886\|public\|21\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "\| {{\|Metropolitan Police Act 1886\|public\|22\|04-06-1886\|maintained=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Enactments relating to Offices, Stations, and Buildings for the Metropolitan Police Force.}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "\| {{\|Companies Act 1886\|public\|23\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "\| {{\|Peace Preservation (Ireland) Continuance Act 1886\|public\|24\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "\| {{\|Idiots Act 1886\|public\|25\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Mental Deficiency Act 1913) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "\| {{\|Appropriation Act 1886\|public\|26\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "\| {{\|Guardianship of Infants Act 1886\|public\|27\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "\| {{\|Bankruptcy (Agricultural Labourers' Wages) Act 1886\|public\|28\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Preferential Payments in Bankruptcy Act 1888) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "\| {{\|Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|29\|25-06-1886\|maintained=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Tenure of Land by Crofters in the Highlands and Islands of Scotland, and for other purposes relating thereto.}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "\| {{\|Patriotic Fund Act 1886\|public\|30\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "\| {{\|Oxford University (Justices) Act 1886\|public\|31\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 36, "text": "\| {{\|Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act 1886\|public\|32\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 37, "text": "\| {{\|International Copyright Act 1886\|public\|33\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 38, "text": "\| {{\|Incumbents of Benefices Loans Extension Act 1886\|public\|34\|25-06-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 39, "text": "\| {{\|British North America Act 1886\|note1=known in Canada as the Constitution Act, 1886\|public\|35\|25-06-1886\|maintained=y\|archived=n\|An Act respecting the representation in the Parliament of Canada of territories which for the time being form part of the Dominion of Canada, but are not included in any province.}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 40, "text": "\| {{\|West Indian Incumbered Estates Act 1886\|public\|36\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 41, "text": "\| {{\|Patents Act 1886\|public\|37\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 42, "text": "\| {{\|Riot (Damages) Act 1886\|public\|38\|25-06-1886\|maintained=y\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to provide Compensation for Losses by Riots.\|note4=(Repealed by Riot Compensation Act 2016) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 43, "text": "\| {{\|Salmon and Freshwater Fisheries Act 1886\|public\|39\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 44, "text": "\| {{\|Coal Mines Act 1886\|public\|40\|25-06-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Coal Mines Regulation Act 1887) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 45, "text": "\| {{\|Customs Amendment Act 1886\|public\|41\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 46, "text": "\| {{\|Revising Barristers Act 1886\|public\|42\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 47, "text": "\| {{\|Revising Barristers (Ireland) Act 1886\|public\|43\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 48, "text": "\| {{\|Metropolitan Board of Works (Money) Act 1886\|public\|44\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 49, "text": "\| {{\|Public Works Loans Act 1886\|public\|45\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 50, "text": "\| {{\|Public Works Loans (Ireland) Act 1886\|public\|46\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 51, "text": "\| {{\|Land Tax Commissioners Names Act 1886\|public\|47\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 52, "text": "\| {{\|Medical Act 1886\|public\|48\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 53, "text": "\| {{\|Peterhead Harbour of Refuge Act 1886\|public\|49\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 54, "text": "\| {{\|Removal Terms (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|50\|25-06-1886\|maintained=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Terms of Removal from Houses in Scotland.}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 55, "text": "\| {{\|Poor Law Loans and Relief (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|51\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 56, "text": "\| {{\|Married Women (Maintenance in case of Desertion) Act 1886\|public\|52\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 57, "text": "\| {{\|Sea Fishing Boats (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|53\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 58, "text": "\| {{\|Extraordinary Tithe Redemption Act 1886\|public\|54\|25-06-1886\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 59, "text": "\| {{\|Shop Hours Regulation Act 1886\|public\|55\|25-06-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to limit the Hours of Labour of Children and Young Persons in Shops.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 60, "text": "\| {{\|Intoxicating Liquors (Sale to Children) Act 1886\|public\|56\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 61, "text": "\| {{\|Parliamentary Elections (Returning Officers) Act (1875) Amendment Act 1886\|public\|57\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 62, "text": "\| {{\|Returning Officers (Scotland) Act 1886\|public\|58\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 63, "text": "\| {{\|Labourers (Ireland) Act 1886\|public\|59\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 64, "text": "}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 65, "text": "{{legislationuk\|act \|- \| {{\|Drainage and Improvement of Lands Supplemental (Ireland) Act 1886\|local\|1\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Glasheen Order 1886\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 66, "text": "\| {{\|Bute Docks (Transfer) Act 1886\|local\|86\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 67, "text": "\| {{\|Torquay Harbour and District Act 1886\|local\|119\|12-01-1886\|note3=\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 68, "text": "}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 69, "text": "{{legislationuk\|act \|- \| {{\|Lord Walsingham's Estate Act 1886\|private\|1\|25-06-1886\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|An Act to enable the Trustees of Thomas Lord Walsingham's Settled Estate, to grant Building Leases of Land in the Parish of Saint George, Hanover Square, in the County of Middlesex, and for other purposes in relation thereto.}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 70, "text": "\| {{\|Westropp's Divorce Act 1886\|note1=\|private\|2\|25-06-1886\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|An Act to dissolve the marriage of Louisa Jane Moore Morgan Westropp with Edward Spread Morgan Westropp and to enable her to marry again and for other purposes.}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 71, "text": "\| {{\|Brooke's Divorce Act 1886\|note1=\|private\|3\|25-06-1886\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|An Act to dissolve the Marriage of Gerald Richard Brooke, of Kellystown House, Clonsilla, in the County of Dublin, Esquire, with the Honorable Kathleen Brooke, his now Wife, and to enable him to marry again, and for other purposes.}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 72, "text": "}}", "title": "49 & 50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 73, "text": "The first session of the 24th Parliament of the United Kingdom, which met from 5 August 1886 until 25 September 1886.", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 74, "text": "No private acts were passed during this session.", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 75, "text": "{{legislationuk\|act \|- \| {{\|Appropriation Act 1886, Session 2\|public\|1\|25-09-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to apply a sum out of the Consolidated Fund to the service of the year ending on the thirty-first day of March one thousand eight hundred and eighty-seven, and to appropriate the Supplies granted in this Session of Parliament.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 76, "text": "\| {{\|Secret Service Money (Repeal) Act 1886\|public\|2\|25-09-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to repeal the enactments authorising the issue out of the Consolidated Fund of money for Secret Service within the United Kingdom.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 77, "text": "\| {{\|Submarine Telegraph Act 1886\|public\|3\|25-09-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to amend the Submarine Telegraph Act, 1885.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 78, "text": "\| {{\|Belfast Commission Act 1886\|public\|4\|25-09-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act for facilitating the proceedings of the Commissioners appointed to hold a Court of Inquiry respecting Riots and Disturbances at Belfast.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 79, "text": "\| {{\|Expiring Laws Continuance Act 1886\|public\|5\|25-09-1886\|repealed=y\|archived=n\|An Act to continue various expiring Laws.\|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1898) }}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 80, "text": "}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 81, "text": "{{legislationuk\|act \|- \| {{\|Education Department Provisional Order Confirmation (Birmingham) Act 1886\|local\|1\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Birmingham Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 82, "text": "\| {{\|Education Department Provisional Order Confirmation (London) Act 1886\|local\|2\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=London Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 83, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Order Confirmation (Poor Law) (No. 7) Act 1886\|local\|3\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=n\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Broadwell and Filkins (Oxon. and Glos.) Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 84, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Order Confirmation (County Divisions) Act 1886\|local\|4\|25-09-1886\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Misson Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 85, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (Gas) Act 1886\|local\|5\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Droitwich Gas Order 1886\| \|po2=Marsden Gas Order 1886\| \|po3=Penrith Gas Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 86, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Order Confirmation (Highways) Act 1886\|local\|6\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Montgomery Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 87, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 3) Act 1886\|local\|7\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Cambridge Order 1886\| \|po2=Cheshunt Order 1886\| \|po3=Cleckheaton Order 1886\| \|po4=Portsmouth Order 1886\| \|po5=Stockport Union Order 1886\| \|po6=Wangford Union Order (1) 1886\| \|po7=Wangford Union Order (2) 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 88, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 6) Act 1886\|local\|8\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Burslem Order 1886\| \|po2=Denton and Haughton Order 1886\| \|po3=Dewsbury Order 1886\| \|po4=Dewsbury and Heckmondwike Order 1886\| \|po5=Lancaster Order 1886\| \|po6=Southport Order 1886\| \|po7=Ulverston Order 1886\| \|po8=Widnes Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 89, "text": "\| {{\|Pier and Harbour Orders Confirmation Act 1886\|local\|9\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Ballyshannon Harbour Order 1886\| \|po2=Buckpool Harbour Order 1886\| \|po3=Coldingham-shore Harbour Order 1886\| \|po4=Cullen Harbour Order 1886\| \|po5=Cullen Harbour Order 1886\| \|po6=Dovercourt Pier Order 1886\| \|po7=Dunbar Harbour Order 1886\| \|po8=Loch Ranza Pier Order 1886\| \|po9=Lynmouth Pier Order 1886\| \|po10=Mevagissey Harbour Order 1886\| \|po11=Newlyn Pier and Harbour Order 1886\| \|po12=Penarth Promenade and Landing Pier Order 1886\| \|po13=St. Ives Harbour Order 1886\| \|po14=Shanklin Pier Order 1886\| \|po15=Wexford Harbour Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 90, "text": "\| {{\|Tramways Orders Confirmation (No. 1) Act 1886\|local\|10\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Dudley, Stourbridge and Kingswinford Tramways Order 1886\| \|po1=Great Grimsby Street Tramways (Cleethorpes Extn.) Order 1886\| \|po2=Halifax and Districts Tramways (Release of Deposits) Order 1886\| \|po3=Jarrow and Hebburn and District Tramways (Release of Deposit) Order 1886\| \|po4=North Staffordshire Tramways (Release of Deposit) Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 91, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 8) Act 1886\|local\|11\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Bangor Order 1886\| \|po1=Bradford (Yorks.) Order (1) 1886\| \|po1=Tyldesley-with-Shakerley Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 92, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Order Confirmation (No. 9) Act 1886\|local\|12\|25-09-1886\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Panteg Order 1886\|Provisional Order for extending the Local Government District of Panteg.}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 93, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board (Ireland) Provisional Orders Confirmation (Galway and Londonderry) Act 1886\|local\|13\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Galway Town Provisional Order 1886\| \|po2=Londonderry Waterworks (Waterside Dist.) Provisional Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 94, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 5) Act 1886\|local\|14\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Barnet Union Order 1886\| \|po2=Kingston-upon-Hull Order 1886\| \|po3=Newport (Mon.) Order 1886\| \|po4=York Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 95, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 7) Act 1886\|local\|15\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Bradford (Yorks.) Order 1886\| \|po2=Chichester Order 1886\| \|po3=Cleator Moor Order 1886\| \|po4=Hornsey Order 1886\| \|po5=Maryport Order 1886\| \|po6=Tunbridge Wells and Southborough Order 1886\| \|po7=West Kent Main Sewerage Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 96, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 10) Act 1886\|local\|16\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Gateshead Order 1886\| \|po2=Kingston-upon-Hull Order 1886\| \|po3=North Brierley Order 1886\| \|po4=Stockport Order 1886\| \|po5=Wigan Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 97, "text": "\| {{\|Local Government Board's Provisional Orders Confirmation (No. 11) Act 1886\|local\|17\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Dukinfield Order 1886\| \|po2=Manchester Order 1886\| \|po3=Rochester and Chatham Joint Hospital District Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 98, "text": "\| {{\|Electric Lighting Order Confirmation Act 1886\|local\|18\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Chelsea Electric Lighting Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 99, "text": "\| {{\|Gas Orders Confirmation (No. 2) Act 1886\|local\|19\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Abingdon Gas Order 1886\| \|po2=Hoddesdon Gas Order 1886\| \|po3=Honley Gas Order 1886\| \|po4=Horley District Gas Order 1886\| \|po5=Langley Mill and Heanor Gas Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 100, "text": "\| {{\|Urray Water Supply Confirmation Act 1886\|local\|20\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Urray Water Provisional Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 101, "text": "\| {{\|Tramways Orders Confirmation (No. 2) Act 1886\|local\|21\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Bradford Corporation Tramways Order 1886\| \|po2=Drypool and Marfleet Steam Tramways Order 1886\| \|po3=Drypool and Marfleet Order 1886\| \|po4=Oxford Tramways (Extns.) Order 1886\| \|po5=Stratford Ilford and Romford Tramways Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 102, "text": "\| {{\|Tramways Orders Confirmation (No. 3) Act 1886\|local\|22\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|\|po1=Birmingham and Western Districts Tramways Order 1886\| \|po2=Birmingham and Central Tramways (Extn.) Order 1886\| \|po3=South Birmingham Tramways (Extn.) Order 1886\| \|po4=South Birmingham Tramways (Abandonment) Order 1886\| \|po5=South Staffordshire and Birmingham District Steam Tramways Order 1886\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 103, "text": "\| {{\|Exeter, Teign Valley and Chagford Railway (Extension of Time) Act 1886\|local\|23\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 104, "text": "\| {{\|Plymouth, Devonport and District Tramways Act 1886\|local\|24\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 105, "text": "\| {{\|Salford Corporation Act 1886\|local\|25\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 106, "text": "\| {{\|Moore Street Market and North Dublin City Improvement Act 1886\|local\|26\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 107, "text": "\| {{\|Warehousemen's and Clerks' Schools Act 1886\|local\|27\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Royal Warehousemen Clerks and Drapers' Schools Act 1954 (c.xxxix)) }}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 108, "text": "\| {{\|River Suck (County Connaught) Drainage Act 1886\|local\|28\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 109, "text": "\| {{\|Ionian Bank (Limited) Act 1886\|local\|29\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 110, "text": "\| {{\|Woodstock Railway Act 1886\|local\|30\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 111, "text": "\| {{\|Leeds Compressed Air Power Company's Act 1886\|local\|31\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 112, "text": "\| {{\|Lynton Railway Act 1886\|local\|32\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 113, "text": "\| {{\|St. Helens and Wigan Junction Railway Act 1886\|local\|33\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 114, "text": "\| {{\|Ardrossan Harbour (Sale and Transfer) Act 1886\|local\|34\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 115, "text": "\| {{\|Muswell Hill and Palace Railway Act 1886\|local\|35\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 116, "text": "\| {{\|Chatham and Brompton Tramways Act 1886\|local\|36\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Chatham and Brompton Tramways (Abandonment) Act 1888 (c.xxxv)) }}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 117, "text": "\| {{\|Barry and Cadoxton Gas and Water Act 1886\|local\|37\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by County of South Glamorgan Act 1976 (c. xxxv)) }}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 118, "text": "\| {{\|Nelson Improvement Act 1886\|local\|38\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 119, "text": "\| {{\|North London Tramways Act 1886\|local\|39\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 120, "text": "\| {{\|Rotherham and Bawtry Railway Act 1886\|local\|40\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=y\|archived=n\| \|note4=(Repealed by Rotherham and Bawtry Railway (Abandonment) Act 1888 (c.cc)) }}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 121, "text": "\| {{\|Hampstead Heath Enlargement Act 1886\|local\|41\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 122, "text": "\| {{\|Metropolitan Railway Act 1886\|local\|42\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 123, "text": "\| {{\|Seacombe, Hoylake and Dee Side Railway Act 1886\|local\|43\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 124, "text": "\| {{\|Halifax High Level and North and South Junction Railway Act 1886\|local\|44\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 125, "text": "\| {{\|Mersey Railway Act 1886\|local\|45\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 126, "text": "\| {{\|Midland and South Western Junction Railway Act 1886\|local\|46\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 127, "text": "\| {{\|Portsmouth and Hayling Railway Act 1886\|local\|47\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 128, "text": "\| {{\|Sutton and Willoughby Railway (Mablethorpe Extension) Act 1886\|local\|48\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 129, "text": "\| {{\|Manchester, Sheffield and Lincolnshire Railway (Additional Powers) Act 1886\|local\|49\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 130, "text": "\| {{\|Bank of South Australia (Limited) Act 1886\|local\|50\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 131, "text": "\| {{\|Midland and Central Wales Junction Railway (Abandonment) Act 1886\|local\|51\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 132, "text": "\| {{\|Plymouth and Devonport (Extension) Tramways Act 1886\|local\|52\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 133, "text": "\| {{\|North Pembrokeshire and Fishguard Railway Act 1886\|local\|53\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 134, "text": "\| {{\|Bridgwater Railway Act 1886\|local\|54\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 135, "text": "\| {{\|Neath Harbour Act 1886\|local\|55\|05-08-1886\|note3=\|maintained=y\|repealed=n\|archived=n\|}}", "title": "50 Vict." }, { "paragraph_id": 136, "text": "}}", "title": "50 Vict." } ]	This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1886. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland. For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations. Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Acts passed from 1963 onwards are simply cited by calendar year and chapter number. All modern acts have a short title, e.g. the Local Government Act 2003. Some earlier acts also have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.	2023-12-08T18:35:21Z	2023-12-11T10:11:43Z	[ "Template:Incomplete list", "Template:Refbegin", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Efn", "Template:Br", "Template:Small", "Template:Refend", "Template:Reflist", "Template:British legislation lists", "Template:UK legislation" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1886
75,517,752	Elshad Mamedov	Elshad Mamedov (Azerbaijani: Elşad Məmmədov; February 14, 1958 – March 17, 1995) was a serviceman of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan and a National Hero of Azerbaijan (1995). Elshad Mamedov was born on February 14, 1975, in the village of Khachagaya, Goygol region, Azerbaijan SSR. In 1990, after graduating from a rural junior high school, he continued his studies at the Khanlar district vocational school No. 99. In August 1993, he was drafted into the National Army of Azerbaijan by the Khanlar Military Commissariat and completed 6 months of military training. Then he was sent to the combat zone in Nagorno-Karabakh. His first fight took place in the Tartar region. He took part in bloody confrontations on the territory of the Agdar region. In March 1995, a group of armed illegal gangs opposed the current state policy of Azerbaijan. On March 13, 1995, the unit in which Elshad served was sent to the site of confrontations in the city of Baku in the area of the 8th kilometer to prevent a coup attempt. He took part in the suppression and neutralization of illegal formations, former members of the special police detachment, acting with the aim of a coup d'etat in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In an armed clash with state criminals, Mamedov, as a result of shelling from the opposite side, received a severe fatal wound to the head, from the consequences of which he died on March 17, 1995. Elshad Mamedov was not married.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elshad Mamedov (Azerbaijani: Elşad Məmmədov; February 14, 1958 – March 17, 1995) was a serviceman of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan and a National Hero of Azerbaijan (1995).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Elshad Mamedov was born on February 14, 1975, in the village of Khachagaya, Goygol region, Azerbaijan SSR. In 1990, after graduating from a rural junior high school, he continued his studies at the Khanlar district vocational school No. 99.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In August 1993, he was drafted into the National Army of Azerbaijan by the Khanlar Military Commissariat and completed 6 months of military training. Then he was sent to the combat zone in Nagorno-Karabakh. His first fight took place in the Tartar region. He took part in bloody confrontations on the territory of the Agdar region.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In March 1995, a group of armed illegal gangs opposed the current state policy of Azerbaijan. On March 13, 1995, the unit in which Elshad served was sent to the site of confrontations in the city of Baku in the area of the 8th kilometer to prevent a coup attempt. He took part in the suppression and neutralization of illegal formations, former members of the special police detachment, acting with the aim of a coup d'etat in the Republic of Azerbaijan. In an armed clash with state criminals, Mamedov, as a result of shelling from the opposite side, received a severe fatal wound to the head, from the consequences of which he died on March 17, 1995.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Elshad Mamedov was not married.", "title": "Biography" } ]	Elshad Mamedov was a serviceman of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Azerbaijan and a National Hero of Azerbaijan (1995).	2023-12-08T18:36:07Z	2023-12-09T14:55:45Z	[ "Template:Infobox military person", "Template:Lang-az", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elshad_Mamedov
75,517,799	Grohotno	Grohotno (Bulgarian: Грохотно) is a village in southern Bulgaria. It has a population of 856 as of 2022. Grohotno is located in the western part of Smolyan Province and has a territory of 22.373 km. It is part of Devin Municipality. The closest settlements are the town of Devin to the northeast and the village of Teshel to the southeast. The village is situated in the western part of the Rhodope Mountains on the river Vacha.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Grohotno (Bulgarian: Грохотно) is a village in southern Bulgaria. It has a population of 856 as of 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Grohotno is located in the western part of Smolyan Province and has a territory of 22.373 km. It is part of Devin Municipality. The closest settlements are the town of Devin to the northeast and the village of Teshel to the southeast. The village is situated in the western part of the Rhodope Mountains on the river Vacha.", "title": "Geography" } ]	Grohotno is a village in southern Bulgaria. It has a population of 856 as of 2022.	2023-12-08T18:41:35Z	2023-12-08T18:41:35Z	[ "Template:Lang-bg", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Infobox settlement" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grohotno
75,517,805	1903 SK Slavia Prague season	{{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 22 March 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 7–0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:0ad41b96-48ff-4fc1-a126-c239bcc34d08?page=uuid:fe5df157-bb52-4b1f-9604-1a597d213cb0 \|team2 = Victoria Cottbus \|goals1 = Košek 46', 61', 71', 81'Vaněk 33', 39'[[Jindrich Baumruk]] 89' \|goals2 = \|round = 3 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 25 March 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 10-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:a3b1c441-75cb-42f4-ac63-af6ac2929e35?page=uuid:912c3100-b460-4432-8eef-fa83fc1e5726 \|team2 = Deutscher Sport Club Prague \|goals1 = Košek 34', 43', 48'[[Jindrich Baumruk]] 14', 89'Vaněk 35', 76'Antonin Pressler 58'Josef Benda 63' Josef Hrabe 68' \|round = 4 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= L \|date = 22 April 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 2–4 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:a8892c6c-cedf-4130-a272-777178e3c269?page=uuid:f99b5b42-c3e3-443b-af62-2b7810e9d3e2 \|team2 = Southampton FC \|goals1 = Košek 17' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 83' \|goals2 = \|round = 8 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 10 May 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 4–1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:709e0c71-d2b5-4a1d-bd56-34bea7018bfd?page=uuid:04d44140-7215-47de-92f8-fad28aa033d6 \|team2 = [[CAFC Vienna \|goals1 = Košek 3', 40' Josef Benda 80]] ' {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 17 May 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 4-2 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:525a5dd6-d3a9-411d-9279-e5c56b792e01?page=uuid:992b0d5c-e493-4f41-8bc3-de768c627889 \|team2 = RC Bruxelles \|goals1 = Košek 34' Novotny 27' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 40' Josef Benda 42' \|goals2 = \|round = 12 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 21 May 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 9-1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:1471ddea-18d0-498a-a2de-0dc3f0ca0325?page=uuid:3a6f06dc-a15e-41c4-a61e-b32df1f27a54 \|team2 = Sport Favorit Prague \|goals1 = Košek 23', 50', 62' Vaněk 4', 13', 75' Franta 8', 33]} Josef Hrabe 39' ' {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 1 June 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 4-2 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:1cc2d8b5-6bcb-4b46-88c3-c83d76d0f602?page=uuid:0f3e1fc7-d691-40f2-9159-b517435026c9 \|team2 = Budapest Postas \|goals1 = Košek 81' Josef Benda 14', 43' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] (25) \|goals2 = \|round = 16 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 20 September 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 20-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:ce9e2e55-918b-497b-ae38-923c70c5546f?page=uuid:ab1a653d-ff7d-4e77-b21f-11f3b723a93b \|team2 = \|goals1 = Košek 3', 26', 32', 37', 43', 83' Josef Benda 16', 28', 80', 90' Jenny-Starý 10', 12', 27' Vaněk 25', 40', 54', 64' Zacky 73' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 89' \|goals2 = \|round = 18 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 28 September 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 9-3 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:fee512c7-83b8-470e-9ded-7b748b5a6de0?page=uuid:b414f70f-0894-44f4-8eb8-9b4cc8e8002d \|team2 = RC Bruxelles \|goals1 = Košek 35', 41', 44', 52' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 54', 84' Pressler 68' Benda 90' \|goals2 = \|round = 20 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 29 September 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 8-1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:fee512c7-83b8-470e-9ded-7b748b5a6de0?page=uuid:b414f70f-0894-44f4-8eb8-9b4cc8e8002d \|team2 = RC Bruxelles \|goals1 = Košek 23', 40', 42' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 15', 21', 23' Jenny-Starý (55) \|goals2 = \|round = 19 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 12 October 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 13-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:c90d6865-cdd2-4218-b6d5-f09dcfeb6448?page=uuid:75727a48-9bb8-4b09-a10d-610462eb0a3c \|team2 = Graphia Vienna \|goals1 = Košek 12', 21', 35', 51', 79' Vaněk 19', 26', 33', 73' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 6', 48' Josef Benda 62', 75' \|goals2 = \|round = 22 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= L \|date = 17 October 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 7-9 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:bf2fc78a-3c9b-4ab6-a25f-397518eb61c4?page=uuid:ca407631-f7a3-472d-af50-bd95d090a7aa \|team2 = BK Copenhagen \|goals1 = Košek 81', 87' Vaněk 17' Josef Benda 21' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] \|goals2 = \|round = 23 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 25 October 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 1-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:fe95ddd9-1575-493d-a52a-cdebc6a9bb84?page=uuid:a9d303a1-7ca1-4c4a-ae41-856855c45291 \|team2 = [[First Vienna \|goals1 = Benda 19' \|goals2 = \|round = 25 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 1 November 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 14-1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:e4ab66e0-62f1-47ad-be43-995d8afeb804?page=uuid:9c75ae9a-d2f0-4a2d-a17e-b1fe59b6b1b5 \|team2 = Rapid Vienna \|goals1 = Košek 18', 22', 53', 63', 66' (79) Josef Benda 6' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 24' Pressler {{goal\|\|25\|\|52\|\|77]] Vaněk 44', 61 Zacky 69' ' {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 8 November 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 12-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:81d02a5f-2c2e-4c7b-8abe-87c3bd23e54b?page=uuid:6494324f-1d69-4185-b4a9-594266c4dec0 \|team2 = Budapest Torna Club \|goals1 = Košek 20', 26', 54', 69', 88' Benda 8', 12', 43', 53' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 65' Setzer-Bloomer 82' \|goals2 = \|round = 27 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 22 November 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:d9be4d4a-a536-4c68-8f4f-7fc5b7095618?page=uuid:68174359-5ed9-414f-83f7-902efdd5536e \|team2 = Slavia Prague \|goals1 = Košek 35', 61', 64' Tony 11', 39', 43' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 48', 55', 72' Vaněk 13', 31' Benda 16' \|goals2 = \|round = 29 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:a89345f2-717c-4ed1-9b11-41e404de1f0a?page=uuid:934b86f9-1265-4936-98d1-5ae7793e29ed \|team2 = \|goals1 = Košek 6', 54', 65' Setzer-Bloomer 4', 49' Hrabe 22' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 42', 89' Benda 61', 62' \|goals2 = \|round = 30 }}	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "{{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 22 March 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 7–0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:0ad41b96-48ff-4fc1-a126-c239bcc34d08?page=uuid:fe5df157-bb52-4b1f-9604-1a597d213cb0 \|team2 = Victoria Cottbus \|goals1 = Košek 46', 61', 71', 81'Vaněk 33', 39'[[Jindrich Baumruk]] 89' \|goals2 = \|round = 3 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 25 March 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 10-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:a3b1c441-75cb-42f4-ac63-af6ac2929e35?page=uuid:912c3100-b460-4432-8eef-fa83fc1e5726 \|team2 = Deutscher Sport Club Prague \|goals1 = Košek 34', 43', 48'[[Jindrich Baumruk]] 14', 89'Vaněk 35', 76'Antonin Pressler 58'Josef Benda 63' Josef Hrabe 68' \|round = 4 }}", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "{{football box collapsible \|result= L \|date = 22 April 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 2–4 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:a8892c6c-cedf-4130-a272-777178e3c269?page=uuid:f99b5b42-c3e3-443b-af62-2b7810e9d3e2 \|team2 = Southampton FC \|goals1 = Košek 17' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 83' \|goals2 = \|round = 8 }}", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "{{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 10 May 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 4–1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:709e0c71-d2b5-4a1d-bd56-34bea7018bfd?page=uuid:04d44140-7215-47de-92f8-fad28aa033d6 \|team2 = [[CAFC Vienna \|goals1 = Košek 3', 40' Josef Benda 80]] '", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "{{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 17 May 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 4-2 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:525a5dd6-d3a9-411d-9279-e5c56b792e01?page=uuid:992b0d5c-e493-4f41-8bc3-de768c627889 \|team2 = RC Bruxelles \|goals1 = Košek 34' Novotny 27' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 40' Josef Benda 42' \|goals2 = \|round = 12 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 21 May 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 9-1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:1471ddea-18d0-498a-a2de-0dc3f0ca0325?page=uuid:3a6f06dc-a15e-41c4-a61e-b32df1f27a54 \|team2 = Sport Favorit Prague \|goals1 = Košek 23', 50', 62' Vaněk 4', 13', 75' Franta 8', 33]} Josef Hrabe 39' '", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "{{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 1 June 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 4-2 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:1cc2d8b5-6bcb-4b46-88c3-c83d76d0f602?page=uuid:0f3e1fc7-d691-40f2-9159-b517435026c9 \|team2 = Budapest Postas \|goals1 = Košek 81' Josef Benda 14', 43' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] (25) \|goals2 = \|round = 16 }}", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "{{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 20 September 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 20-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:ce9e2e55-918b-497b-ae38-923c70c5546f?page=uuid:ab1a653d-ff7d-4e77-b21f-11f3b723a93b \|team2 = \|goals1 = Košek 3', 26', 32', 37', 43', 83' Josef Benda 16', 28', 80', 90' Jenny-Starý 10', 12', 27' Vaněk 25', 40', 54', 64' Zacky 73' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 89' \|goals2 = \|round = 18 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 28 September 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 9-3 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:fee512c7-83b8-470e-9ded-7b748b5a6de0?page=uuid:b414f70f-0894-44f4-8eb8-9b4cc8e8002d \|team2 = RC Bruxelles \|goals1 = Košek 35', 41', 44', 52' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 54', 84' Pressler 68' Benda 90' \|goals2 = \|round = 20 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 29 September 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 8-1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:fee512c7-83b8-470e-9ded-7b748b5a6de0?page=uuid:b414f70f-0894-44f4-8eb8-9b4cc8e8002d \|team2 = RC Bruxelles \|goals1 = Košek 23', 40', 42' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 15', 21', 23' Jenny-Starý (55) \|goals2 = \|round = 19 }}", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "{{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 12 October 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 13-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:c90d6865-cdd2-4218-b6d5-f09dcfeb6448?page=uuid:75727a48-9bb8-4b09-a10d-610462eb0a3c \|team2 = Graphia Vienna \|goals1 = Košek 12', 21', 35', 51', 79' Vaněk 19', 26', 33', 73' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 6', 48' Josef Benda 62', 75' \|goals2 = \|round = 22 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= L \|date = 17 October 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 7-9 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:bf2fc78a-3c9b-4ab6-a25f-397518eb61c4?page=uuid:ca407631-f7a3-472d-af50-bd95d090a7aa \|team2 = BK Copenhagen", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "\|goals1 = Košek 81', 87' Vaněk 17' Josef Benda 21' [[Jindrich Baumruk]]", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "\|goals2 = \|round = 23 }}", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "{{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 25 October 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 1-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:fe95ddd9-1575-493d-a52a-cdebc6a9bb84?page=uuid:a9d303a1-7ca1-4c4a-ae41-856855c45291 \|team2 = [[First Vienna \|goals1 = Benda 19' \|goals2 = \|round = 25 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 1 November 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 14-1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:e4ab66e0-62f1-47ad-be43-995d8afeb804?page=uuid:9c75ae9a-d2f0-4a2d-a17e-b1fe59b6b1b5 \|team2 = Rapid Vienna \|goals1 = Košek 18', 22', 53', 63', 66' (79) Josef Benda 6' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 24' Pressler {{goal\|\|25\|\|52\|\|77]] Vaněk 44', 61 Zacky 69' ' {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 8 November 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 12-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:81d02a5f-2c2e-4c7b-8abe-87c3bd23e54b?page=uuid:6494324f-1d69-4185-b4a9-594266c4dec0 \|team2 = Budapest Torna Club \|goals1 = Košek 20', 26', 54', 69', 88' Benda 8', 12', 43', 53' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 65' Setzer-Bloomer 82' \|goals2 = \|round = 27 }}", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "{{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 22 November 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:d9be4d4a-a536-4c68-8f4f-7fc5b7095618?page=uuid:68174359-5ed9-414f-83f7-902efdd5536e \|team2 = Slavia Prague \|goals1 = Košek 35', 61', 64' Tony 11', 39', 43' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 48', 55', 72' Vaněk 13', 31' Benda 16' \|goals2 = \|round = 29 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:a89345f2-717c-4ed1-9b11-41e404de1f0a?page=uuid:934b86f9-1265-4936-98d1-5ae7793e29ed \|team2 = \|goals1 = Košek 6', 54', 65' Setzer-Bloomer 4', 49' Hrabe 22' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 42', 89' Benda 61', 62' \|goals2 = \|round = 30 }}", "title": "" } ]	{{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 22 March 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 7–0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:0ad41b96-48ff-4fc1-a126-c239bcc34d08?page=uuid:fe5df157-bb52-4b1f-9604-1a597d213cb0 \|team2 = Victoria Cottbus \|goals1 = Košek 46', 61', 71', 81'Vaněk 33', 39'[[Jindrich Baumruk]] 89' \|goals2 = \|round = 3 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 25 March 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 10-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:a3b1c441-75cb-42f4-ac63-af6ac2929e35?page=uuid:912c3100-b460-4432-8eef-fa83fc1e5726 \|team2 = Deutscher Sport Club Prague \|goals1 = Košek 34', 43', 48'[[Jindrich Baumruk]] 14', 89'Vaněk 35', 76'Antonin Pressler 58'Josef Benda 63' Josef Hrabe 68' \|round = 4 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= L \|date = 22 April 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 2–4 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:a8892c6c-cedf-4130-a272-777178e3c269?page=uuid:f99b5b42-c3e3-443b-af62-2b7810e9d3e2 \|team2 = Southampton FC \|goals1 = Košek 17' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 83' \|goals2 = \|round = 8 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 10 May 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 4–1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:709e0c71-d2b5-4a1d-bd56-34bea7018bfd?page=uuid:04d44140-7215-47de-92f8-fad28aa033d6 \|team2 = [[CAFC Vienna \|goals1 = Košek 3', 40' Josef Benda 80]] ' {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 17 May 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 4-2 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:525a5dd6-d3a9-411d-9279-e5c56b792e01?page=uuid:992b0d5c-e493-4f41-8bc3-de768c627889 \|team2 = RC Bruxelles \|goals1 = Košek 34' Novotny 27' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 40' Josef Benda 42' \|goals2 = \|round = 12 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 21 May 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 9-1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:1471ddea-18d0-498a-a2de-0dc3f0ca0325?page=uuid:3a6f06dc-a15e-41c4-a61e-b32df1f27a54 \|team2 = Sport Favorit Prague \|goals1 = Košek 23', 50', 62' Vaněk 4', 13', 75' Franta 8', 33]} Josef Hrabe 39' ' {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 1 June 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 4-2 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:1cc2d8b5-6bcb-4b46-88c3-c83d76d0f602?page=uuid:0f3e1fc7-d691-40f2-9159-b517435026c9 \|team2 = Budapest Postas \|goals1 = Košek 81' Josef Benda 14', 43' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] (25) \|goals2 = \|round = 16 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 20 September 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 20-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:ce9e2e55-918b-497b-ae38-923c70c5546f?page=uuid:ab1a653d-ff7d-4e77-b21f-11f3b723a93b \|team2 = \|goals1 = Košek 3', 26', 32', 37', 43', 83' Josef Benda 16', 28', 80', 90' Jenny-Starý 10', 12', 27' Vaněk 25', 40', 54', 64' Zacky 73' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 89' \|goals2 = \|round = 18 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 28 September 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 9-3 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:fee512c7-83b8-470e-9ded-7b748b5a6de0?page=uuid:b414f70f-0894-44f4-8eb8-9b4cc8e8002d \|team2 = RC Bruxelles \|goals1 = Košek 35', 41', 44', 52' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 54', 84' Pressler 68' Benda 90' \|goals2 = \|round = 20 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 29 September 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 8-1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:fee512c7-83b8-470e-9ded-7b748b5a6de0?page=uuid:b414f70f-0894-44f4-8eb8-9b4cc8e8002d \|team2 = RC Bruxelles \|goals1 = Košek 23', 40', 42' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 15', 21', 23' Jenny-Starý (55) \|goals2 = \|round = 19 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 12 October 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 13-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:c90d6865-cdd2-4218-b6d5-f09dcfeb6448?page=uuid:75727a48-9bb8-4b09-a10d-610462eb0a3c \|team2 = Graphia Vienna \|goals1 = Košek 12', 21', 35', 51', 79' Vaněk 19', 26', 33', 73' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 6', 48' Josef Benda 62', 75' \|goals2 = \|round = 22 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= L \|date = 17 October 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 7-9 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:bf2fc78a-3c9b-4ab6-a25f-397518eb61c4?page=uuid:ca407631-f7a3-472d-af50-bd95d090a7aa \|team2 = BK Copenhagen \|goals1 = Košek 81', 87' Vaněk 17' Josef Benda 21' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] \|goals2 = \|round = 23 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 25 October 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 1-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:fe95ddd9-1575-493d-a52a-cdebc6a9bb84?page=uuid:a9d303a1-7ca1-4c4a-ae41-856855c45291 \|team2 = [[First Vienna \|goals1 = Benda 19' \|goals2 = \|round = 25 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 1 November 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 14-1 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:e4ab66e0-62f1-47ad-be43-995d8afeb804?page=uuid:9c75ae9a-d2f0-4a2d-a17e-b1fe59b6b1b5 \|team2 = Rapid Vienna \|goals1 = Košek 18', 22', 53', 63', 66' (79) Josef Benda 6' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 24' Pressler {{goal\|\|25\|\|52\|\|77]] Vaněk 44', 61 Zacky 69' ' {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 8 November 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = 12-0 \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:81d02a5f-2c2e-4c7b-8abe-87c3bd23e54b?page=uuid:6494324f-1d69-4185-b4a9-594266c4dec0 \|team2 = Budapest Torna Club \|goals1 = Košek 20', 26', 54', 69', 88' Benda 8', 12', 43', 53' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 65' Setzer-Bloomer 82' \|goals2 = \|round = 27 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = 22 November 1903 \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:d9be4d4a-a536-4c68-8f4f-7fc5b7095618?page=uuid:68174359-5ed9-414f-83f7-902efdd5536e \|team2 = Slavia Prague \|goals1 = Košek 35', 61', 64' Tony 11', 39', 43' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 48', 55', 72' Vaněk 13', 31' Benda 16' \|goals2 = \|round = 29 }} {{football box collapsible \|result= W \|date = \|team1 = Slavia Prague \|score = \|report= https://www.digitalniknihovna.cz/nm/view/uuid:a89345f2-717c-4ed1-9b11-41e404de1f0a?page=uuid:934b86f9-1265-4936-98d1-5ae7793e29ed \|team2 = \|goals1 = Košek 6', 54', 65' Setzer-Bloomer 4', 49' Hrabe 22' [[Jindrich Baumruk]] 42', 89' Benda 61', 62' \|goals2 = \|round = 30 }}	2023-12-08T18:42:01Z	2023-12-09T17:31:28Z	[ "Template:Football box collapsible", "Template:Goal", "Template:Goa" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1903_SK_Slavia_Prague_season
75,517,809	CXC (disambiguation)	CXC refers to the Caribbean Examinations Board, an exam board in the Caribbean. CXC can also refer to:	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "CXC refers to the Caribbean Examinations Board, an exam board in the Caribbean.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "CXC can also refer to:", "title": "" } ]	CXC refers to the Caribbean Examinations Board, an exam board in the Caribbean. CXC can also refer to: 190 (number), in Roman numerals CXC chemokines, a type of signaling protein in biology Chitina Airport, an airport near Chitina, Alaska, U.S.	2023-12-08T18:42:50Z	2023-12-08T18:43:14Z	[ "Template:Disambiguation" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CXC_(disambiguation)
75,517,815	2024 SWAC men's basketball tournament	The 2024 SWAC Men's Basketball Tournament will be the postseason men's basketball tournament for the 2023–24 season in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The tournament will be held from March 13–16, 2024. The tournament winner will receive an automatic invitation to the 2024 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. The tournament will be sponsored by Pepsi. Teams will be seeded by record within the conference, with a tie–breaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. Only the top eight teams in the conference will qualify for the tournament.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 SWAC Men's Basketball Tournament will be the postseason men's basketball tournament for the 2023–24 season in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The tournament will be held from March 13–16, 2024. The tournament winner will receive an automatic invitation to the 2024 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. The tournament will be sponsored by Pepsi.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Teams will be seeded by record within the conference, with a tie–breaker system to seed teams with identical conference records. Only the top eight teams in the conference will qualify for the tournament.", "title": "Seeds" } ]	The 2024 SWAC Men's Basketball Tournament will be the postseason men's basketball tournament for the 2023–24 season in the Southwestern Athletic Conference (SWAC). The tournament will be held from March 13–16, 2024. The tournament winner will receive an automatic invitation to the 2024 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament. The tournament will be sponsored by Pepsi.	2023-12-08T18:43:33Z	2023-12-21T20:12:32Z	[ "Template:2024 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament navbox", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:2023–24 SWAC men's basketball standings", "Template:8TeamBracket", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Infobox NCAA Basketball Conference Tournament", "Template:Cite web", "Template:SWAC men's basketball tournament navbox" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_SWAC_men%27s_basketball_tournament
75,517,832	2011 West Devon Borough Council election	Elections to West Devon Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 31 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party gained the council from no overall control.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elections to West Devon Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 31 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party gained the council from no overall control.", "title": "" } ]	Elections to West Devon Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 31 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party gained the council from no overall control.	2023-12-08T18:46:36Z	2023-12-08T18:46:36Z	[ "Template:United Kingdom local elections, 2011", "Template:UK-election-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Increase", "Template:Decrease", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Devon elections" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_West_Devon_Borough_Council_election
75,517,838	2011 East Devon District Council election	Elections to East Devon District Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 59 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party remained in overall control.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elections to East Devon District Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 59 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party remained in overall control.", "title": "" } ]	Elections to East Devon District Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 59 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party remained in overall control.	2023-12-08T18:48:42Z	2023-12-08T18:48:42Z	[ "Template:Increase", "Template:No change", "Template:Decrease", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Devon elections", "Template:United Kingdom local elections, 2011", "Template:UK-election-stub", "Template:Short description" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_East_Devon_District_Council_election
75,517,853	HD 194783	HD 194783 (HR 7817; 2 G. Microscopii) is a solitary star located in the southern constellation Microscopium. It is barely visible to the naked eye as a bluish-white-hued point of light with an apparent magnitude of 6.08. The object is located relatively far at a distance of 740 light-years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −9.7 km/s. At its current distance, HD 194783's brightness is diminished by an interstellar extinction of 0.31 magnitudes and it has an absolute magnitude of either −0.59 or −1.10, depending on the source. HD 194783 has a stellar classification of B8 II/III, indicating that it is an evolved B-type star with the blended luminosity class of a bright giant and a lower luminosity giant star. It has also been given a class of B9pHgMn, indicating that it is a chemically peculiar mercury-manganese star. It has 4.03 times the mass of the Sun and a slightly enlarged radius 4.19 times that of the Sun's. It radiates 390 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 14,028 K. The heavy metal (iron) to hydrogen ratio–what astronomers dub as the star's metallicity–is 63% that of the Sun's. HD 194783 is estimated to be approximately 70 million years old. In 1989, HD 194783 was reported to be a spectrum variable with a period of 6 days. The projected rotational velocity of the star is not known, but it is said to be no higher than 30 km/s. HD 194783 was also observed to have a relatively weak magnetic field of about −43 gauss.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "HD 194783 (HR 7817; 2 G. Microscopii) is a solitary star located in the southern constellation Microscopium. It is barely visible to the naked eye as a bluish-white-hued point of light with an apparent magnitude of 6.08. The object is located relatively far at a distance of 740 light-years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −9.7 km/s. At its current distance, HD 194783's brightness is diminished by an interstellar extinction of 0.31 magnitudes and it has an absolute magnitude of either −0.59 or −1.10, depending on the source.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "HD 194783 has a stellar classification of B8 II/III, indicating that it is an evolved B-type star with the blended luminosity class of a bright giant and a lower luminosity giant star. It has also been given a class of B9pHgMn, indicating that it is a chemically peculiar mercury-manganese star. It has 4.03 times the mass of the Sun and a slightly enlarged radius 4.19 times that of the Sun's. It radiates 390 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 14,028 K. The heavy metal (iron) to hydrogen ratio–what astronomers dub as the star's metallicity–is 63% that of the Sun's. HD 194783 is estimated to be approximately 70 million years old.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1989, HD 194783 was reported to be a spectrum variable with a period of 6 days. The projected rotational velocity of the star is not known, but it is said to be no higher than 30 km/s. HD 194783 was also observed to have a relatively weak magnetic field of about −43 gauss.", "title": "" } ]	HD 194783 is a solitary star located in the southern constellation Microscopium. It is barely visible to the naked eye as a bluish-white-hued point of light with an apparent magnitude of 6.08. The object is located relatively far at a distance of 740 light-years based on Gaia DR3 parallax measurements, but it is drifting closer with a heliocentric radial velocity of −9.7 km/s. At its current distance, HD 194783's brightness is diminished by an interstellar extinction of 0.31 magnitudes and it has an absolute magnitude of either −0.59 or −1.10, depending on the source. HD 194783 has a stellar classification of B8 II/III, indicating that it is an evolved B-type star with the blended luminosity class of a bright giant and a lower luminosity giant star. It has also been given a class of B9pHgMn, indicating that it is a chemically peculiar mercury-manganese star. It has 4.03 times the mass of the Sun and a slightly enlarged radius 4.19 times that of the Sun's. It radiates 390 times the luminosity of the Sun from its photosphere at an effective temperature of 14,028 K. The heavy metal (iron) to hydrogen ratio–what astronomers dub as the star's metallicity–is 63% that of the Sun's. HD 194783 is estimated to be approximately 70 million years old. In 1989, HD 194783 was reported to be a spectrum variable with a period of 6 days. The projected rotational velocity of the star is not known, but it is said to be no higher than 30 km/s. HD 194783 was also observed to have a relatively weak magnetic field of about −43 gauss.	2023-12-08T18:50:44Z	2023-12-08T19:22:50Z	[ "Template:Starbox character", "Template:Starbox catalog", "Template:Starbox end", "Template:Stars of Microscopium", "Template:Starbox observe", "Template:Starbox astrometry", "Template:Starbox detail", "Template:Starbox reference", "Template:Val", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Starbox begin" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_194783
75,517,860	Motograph News Bulletin	The Motograph News Bulletin, also known as the Zipper, was a 380 feet long electromechanical news ticker display that wrapped around One Times Square. Frank C. Reilly and Francis EJ Wilde, both engineers at Motogram, developed the technology used in the display. While similar illuminated displays existed at the time, they all had disadvantages. Wilde patented many devices which helped overcome these shortcomings. In 1926, Reilly proposed the idea of installing a news ticker bulletin on the Times Tower to the owner of the New York Times Adolph Ochs and deputy Arthur Hays Sulzberger. They all signed a contract July 26, 1928. It took 8 weeks to install the display with work being done 24 hours a day in order to meet the contracted deadline. The Times wanted to pay a maximum of $50,000 but due to the fact it was unique and custom manufactured along with several difficulties unforeseen during the installation process, Motogram ended up paying $80,000 for it. This led to increased animosity between the two companies. The first headline displayed was the announcement of Herbert Hoover's victory over Al Smith on November 6, 1928. The display read: HOOVER DEFEATS AL SMITH. The New York Times wrote and published an article, titled HUGE TIMES SIGN WILL FLASH NEWS, describing the device. The Motograph quickly became an icon of New York City. It appeared in many films of the time. On May 18, 1942, it was extinguished for the first time in history in order to comply with the black-out orders given by the military. On the morning of August 14, 1945 at 07:30 (EST), the following message was displayed on the Motograph: *OFFICIAL - TRUMAN ANNOUNCES JAPANESE SURRENDER*. James Torpey, the person responsible for composing the headlines and general operation, had spent nearly a day in order to make sure the headline was correct. He came up with the idea of adding 3 stars to the beginning and end of the headline which represented the 3 branches of the American armed forces. Almost 750,000 people crowded around the building to read the headline, the largest audience the Motograph would ever see likely due to the proliferation of television. The Motograph operated continuously until 1961 when The New York Times moved out of the building. The tower was subsequently purchased by Allied Chemical in 1963. It was put back into service in 1965 but would only operate sporadically with some gaps lasting several years. In 1975, the Motograph was extinguished. Newsday rented the display in 1980 putting it back into service once more. However, in December 1994, Newsday announced the lease would terminate at the end of the month citing profitability with Chiara Coletti commenting "Frankly, there's not that much bang for the buck" The Motograph was eventually replaced by a new display in 1997 utilizing 227,200 amber LEDs. The headlines are sourced from the Wall Street Journal. The display wrapped around the 3rd floor of the building. It was made up of 14,800 incandescent bulbs distributed in a rectangular frame 115 meters long and 1.5 meters tall. Each of the letters displayed consisted of a matrix 12 bulbs vertically and 7 bulbs horizontally. All of these bulbs were connected by vast amount of wiring to the device which allowed the letters to be displayed. In order to compose a headline, an operator would place thin metal plates (19 cm by 7.6 cm) with the letters making up the headlines in relief onto a frame. The frame would move along a conveyor belt to a field of brushes each connected to individual lightbulbs. This would cause the lightbulbs to flash in a manner making up the individual letters, thus displaying the headline.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Motograph News Bulletin, also known as the Zipper, was a 380 feet long electromechanical news ticker display that wrapped around One Times Square.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Frank C. Reilly and Francis EJ Wilde, both engineers at Motogram, developed the technology used in the display. While similar illuminated displays existed at the time, they all had disadvantages. Wilde patented many devices which helped overcome these shortcomings.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1926, Reilly proposed the idea of installing a news ticker bulletin on the Times Tower to the owner of the New York Times Adolph Ochs and deputy Arthur Hays Sulzberger. They all signed a contract July 26, 1928.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "It took 8 weeks to install the display with work being done 24 hours a day in order to meet the contracted deadline. The Times wanted to pay a maximum of $50,000 but due to the fact it was unique and custom manufactured along with several difficulties unforeseen during the installation process, Motogram ended up paying $80,000 for it. This led to increased animosity between the two companies.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The first headline displayed was the announcement of Herbert Hoover's victory over Al Smith on November 6, 1928. The display read: HOOVER DEFEATS AL SMITH.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The New York Times wrote and published an article, titled HUGE TIMES SIGN WILL FLASH NEWS, describing the device.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The Motograph quickly became an icon of New York City. It appeared in many films of the time.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "On May 18, 1942, it was extinguished for the first time in history in order to comply with the black-out orders given by the military.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "On the morning of August 14, 1945 at 07:30 (EST), the following message was displayed on the Motograph: *OFFICIAL - TRUMAN ANNOUNCES JAPANESE SURRENDER*. James Torpey, the person responsible for composing the headlines and general operation, had spent nearly a day in order to make sure the headline was correct. He came up with the idea of adding 3 stars to the beginning and end of the headline which represented the 3 branches of the American armed forces. Almost 750,000 people crowded around the building to read the headline, the largest audience the Motograph would ever see likely due to the proliferation of television.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The Motograph operated continuously until 1961 when The New York Times moved out of the building. The tower was subsequently purchased by Allied Chemical in 1963. It was put back into service in 1965 but would only operate sporadically with some gaps lasting several years.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "In 1975, the Motograph was extinguished. Newsday rented the display in 1980 putting it back into service once more. However, in December 1994, Newsday announced the lease would terminate at the end of the month citing profitability with Chiara Coletti commenting \"Frankly, there's not that much bang for the buck\"", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The Motograph was eventually replaced by a new display in 1997 utilizing 227,200 amber LEDs. The headlines are sourced from the Wall Street Journal.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "The display wrapped around the 3rd floor of the building. It was made up of 14,800 incandescent bulbs distributed in a rectangular frame 115 meters long and 1.5 meters tall. Each of the letters displayed consisted of a matrix 12 bulbs vertically and 7 bulbs horizontally. All of these bulbs were connected by vast amount of wiring to the device which allowed the letters to be displayed.", "title": "Technical aspects" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "In order to compose a headline, an operator would place thin metal plates (19 cm by 7.6 cm) with the letters making up the headlines in relief onto a frame. The frame would move along a conveyor belt to a field of brushes each connected to individual lightbulbs. This would cause the lightbulbs to flash in a manner making up the individual letters, thus displaying the headline.", "title": "Technical aspects" } ]	The Motograph News Bulletin, also known as the Zipper, was a 380 feet long electromechanical news ticker display that wrapped around One Times Square.	2023-12-08T18:52:15Z	2023-12-14T12:57:40Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motograph_News_Bulletin
75,517,864	2011 Mid Devon District Council election	Elections to Mid Devon District Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 42 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party gained the council from no overall control.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elections to Mid Devon District Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 42 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party gained the council from no overall control.", "title": "" } ]	Elections to Mid Devon District Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 42 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the Conservative Party gained the council from no overall control.	2023-12-08T18:52:46Z	2023-12-08T18:52:46Z	[ "Template:Devon elections", "Template:United Kingdom local elections, 2011", "Template:UK-election-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Increase", "Template:Decrease", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Mid_Devon_District_Council_election
75,517,884	Ticalaco River	Ticalaco River is a river on the Pacific slope, located in southern Peru, department of Tacna, it runs from east to west crossing the coastal desert of Peru until its mouth at the Sama River in Tacna Province. Historically, from 1885 to 1925, the Ticalaco river was temporarily set as the political boundary between Peru and Chile after the War of the Pacific, as Chile considered it part of the Sama River and therefore as a boundary set in the Treaty of Ancón. A border checkpoint of the same name was built on the river by Chile. Within the disputed area was the Tarata Department, which was ultimately returned to Peru.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ticalaco River is a river on the Pacific slope, located in southern Peru, department of Tacna, it runs from east to west crossing the coastal desert of Peru until its mouth at the Sama River in Tacna Province.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Historically, from 1885 to 1925, the Ticalaco river was temporarily set as the political boundary between Peru and Chile after the War of the Pacific, as Chile considered it part of the Sama River and therefore as a boundary set in the Treaty of Ancón. A border checkpoint of the same name was built on the river by Chile. Within the disputed area was the Tarata Department, which was ultimately returned to Peru.", "title": "" } ]	Ticalaco River is a river on the Pacific slope, located in southern Peru, department of Tacna, it runs from east to west crossing the coastal desert of Peru until its mouth at the Sama River in Tacna Province. Historically, from 1885 to 1925, the Ticalaco river was temporarily set as the political boundary between Peru and Chile after the War of the Pacific, as Chile considered it part of the Sama River and therefore as a boundary set in the Treaty of Ancón. A border checkpoint of the same name was built on the river by Chile. Within the disputed area was the Tarata Department, which was ultimately returned to Peru.	2023-12-08T18:57:47Z	2023-12-15T23:20:00Z	[ "Template:Infobox body of water", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticalaco_River
75,517,888	2011 Waverley Borough Council election	Elections to Waverley Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 57 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elections to Waverley Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 57 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control.", "title": "" } ]	Elections to Waverley Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 57 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control.	2023-12-08T18:58:25Z	2023-12-08T18:58:25Z	[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Surrey elections", "Template:United Kingdom local elections, 2011", "Template:UK-election-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Increase", "Template:Decrease" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Waverley_Borough_Council_election
75,517,900	2024 Chilean Primera División	The 2024 Chilean Primera División, known as Campeonato Itaú 2024 for sponsorship purposes, will be the 94th season of the Chilean Primera División, Chile's top-flight football league. The season will begin on 16 February 2024. Huachipato will be the defending champions. 16 teams will take part in the league in this season: the top 14 teams from the 2023 tournament, plus the 2023 Primera B champions Cobreloa and the winners of the promotion play-off Deportes Iquique. Cobreloa secured promotion to the top tier after eight years on 15 October 2023, winning the Primera B tournament with a 2–1 over Rangers, whilst Deportes Iquique sealed their promotion after three seasons on 10 December 2023 by defeating Santiago Wanderers in the promotion play-off finals. The promoted teams will replace Curicó Unido and Magallanes, who were relegated to Primera B at the end of the 2023 season.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 Chilean Primera División, known as Campeonato Itaú 2024 for sponsorship purposes, will be the 94th season of the Chilean Primera División, Chile's top-flight football league. The season will begin on 16 February 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Huachipato will be the defending champions.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "16 teams will take part in the league in this season: the top 14 teams from the 2023 tournament, plus the 2023 Primera B champions Cobreloa and the winners of the promotion play-off Deportes Iquique. Cobreloa secured promotion to the top tier after eight years on 15 October 2023, winning the Primera B tournament with a 2–1 over Rangers, whilst Deportes Iquique sealed their promotion after three seasons on 10 December 2023 by defeating Santiago Wanderers in the promotion play-off finals. The promoted teams will replace Curicó Unido and Magallanes, who were relegated to Primera B at the end of the 2023 season.", "title": "Teams" } ]	The 2024 Chilean Primera División, known as Campeonato Itaú 2024 for sponsorship purposes, will be the 94th season of the Chilean Primera División, Chile's top-flight football league. The season will begin on 16 February 2024. Huachipato will be the defending champions.	2023-12-08T19:00:33Z	2023-12-31T18:07:13Z	[ "Template:Notelist-lr", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:2024 in South American football (CONMEBOL)", "Template:Infobox football league season", "Template:Location map ", "Template:Efn-lr", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:In lang", "Template:Chilean Primera División" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Chilean_Primera_Divisi%C3%B3n
75,517,927	IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation	IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published bimonthly by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It was co-founded in 1965 by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society under the name IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation. The journal covers the advances in dielectric phenomena and measurements, and electrical insulation. Its editor-in-chief is Michael Wübbenhorst (KU Leuven). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 3.1.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published bimonthly by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It was co-founded in 1965 by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society under the name IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation. The journal covers the advances in dielectric phenomena and measurements, and electrical insulation. Its editor-in-chief is Michael Wübbenhorst (KU Leuven).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 3.1.", "title": "" } ]	IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published bimonthly by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. It was co-founded in 1965 by the IEEE Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society under the name IEEE Transactions on Electrical Insulation. The journal covers the advances in dielectric phenomena and measurements, and electrical insulation. Its editor-in-chief is Michael Wübbenhorst. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 3.1.	2023-12-08T19:04:17Z	2023-12-25T10:02:38Z	[ "Template:Official website", "Template:Engineering-journal-stub", "Template:Infobox journal", "Template:Reflist" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_Transactions_on_Dielectrics_and_Electrical_Insulation
75,517,942	Miacorella	Miacorella is a monotypic genus of cossid moths. It contains a single species, Miacorella leucocraspedontis.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Miacorella is a monotypic genus of cossid moths. It contains a single species, Miacorella leucocraspedontis.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]	Miacorella is a monotypic genus of cossid moths. It contains a single species, Miacorella leucocraspedontis.	2023-12-08T19:05:38Z	2023-12-09T23:22:36Z	[ "Template:Short description", "Template:One source", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Cossoidea-stub" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miacorella
75,517,944	2011 Reigate and Banstead Borough Council election	Elections to Reigate and Banstead Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. 17 seats (one third) of the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elections to Reigate and Banstead Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. 17 seats (one third) of the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control.", "title": "" } ]	Elections to Reigate and Banstead Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. 17 seats of the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control.	2023-12-08T19:06:02Z	2023-12-08T19:06:02Z	[ "Template:Decrease", "Template:No change", "Template:Increase", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Surrey elections", "Template:United Kingdom local elections, 2011", "Template:UK-election-stub", "Template:Short description" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Reigate_and_Banstead_Borough_Council_election
75,517,950	Ricochet (Sam Rivers album)	Ricochet is a live album by the Sam Rivers Trio, led by multi-instrumentalist and composer Rivers, and featuring double bassist Dave Holland and drummer Barry Altschul. Consisting of a single 52-minute track, it was recorded on January 12, 1978, at the Keystone Korner in San Francisco, California, and was released in 2020 by NoBusiness Records as volume 3 of the Sam Rivers Archive Series. The trio was originally active from 1972 until 1978, and was influential in the New York loft jazz scene centered around Rivers' Studio Rivbea. Although the group toured and performed widely, it was not well documented on record, with the exception of the Rivers albums The Quest (1976) and Paragon (1977), as well as Holland's Conference of the Birds (1973), which also included Anthony Braxton. In 2007, the trio reunited and recorded the music that was released in 2012 on the album Reunion: Live in New York. The album is based on material selected from Rivers' massive recorded archives, which are curated by writer and producer Ed Hazell, who spent a year reviewing tapes with the goal of choosing the best recordings for release by NoBusiness Records. In a review for All About Jazz, Glenn Astarita stated that the musicians "shoot for the stars" on the single long track, and noted their "stunning fluency and micro-second paradigm shifts." He wrote: "the iconic trio conveys a level of camaraderie and gamesmanship that transforms your listening space into a virtual live event... this is essential listening, and an educational tour-de-force for the younger crowd who have not been indoctrinated to Rivers' early mind-bending recorded output." Olie Brice of London Jazz News described the trio as "the greatest of Rivers' working groups," and called the album "a fantastic addition to the recorded legacy of one of the great improvising groups," commenting: "The trio embraces a wide range from atonal, chamber-like improvisation to dancing, riff-based grooves with a clear tonal centre to exhilarating, swinging free jazz. The speed and fluency with which they pick up on each other’s suggestions and organically move between improvised sections is a delight." The Free Jazz Collective's Gary Chapin called the rhythm section of Holland and Altschul "extraordinary" and "one of the pillar rhythm sections of This Kind of Music," and noted that "each instrument – soprano, tenor, piano – opens up different possibilities for Rivers, but they all sound so like him." Writing for Point of Departure, John Sharpe remarked: "This outfit could write the book on trio interplay... Transitions... are handled with such aplomb that they might be preordained... Such events amid the magnificent flow make this outing one of the most satisfying performances from these three titans." In an article for Dusted Magazine, Derek Taylor wrote: "the trio was already one of Rivers' most revered configurations and an epitome of spontaneous communication. A reunion convened nearly thirty years later revealed chemistry slightly altered, but effectively undiminished... Rivers is... a wonder of tonal and phrasal ingenuity atop the commensurately marvelous contributions of his colleagues." Writer Raul Da Gama stated: "The music of Ricochet is rugged and highly charged, and is amongst the finest improvised music on record... it contains extraordinary textures and remarkable juxtapositions between Mr Rivers' horns, flute and piano, and Dave Holland's bass and cello, together with the roaring battery of Barry Altschul's drum kit. This piece seems to have been conceived in fire; carved out of living flesh rather than sonic elements." Composed by Sam Rivers.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ricochet is a live album by the Sam Rivers Trio, led by multi-instrumentalist and composer Rivers, and featuring double bassist Dave Holland and drummer Barry Altschul. Consisting of a single 52-minute track, it was recorded on January 12, 1978, at the Keystone Korner in San Francisco, California, and was released in 2020 by NoBusiness Records as volume 3 of the Sam Rivers Archive Series.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The trio was originally active from 1972 until 1978, and was influential in the New York loft jazz scene centered around Rivers' Studio Rivbea. Although the group toured and performed widely, it was not well documented on record, with the exception of the Rivers albums The Quest (1976) and Paragon (1977), as well as Holland's Conference of the Birds (1973), which also included Anthony Braxton. In 2007, the trio reunited and recorded the music that was released in 2012 on the album Reunion: Live in New York.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The album is based on material selected from Rivers' massive recorded archives, which are curated by writer and producer Ed Hazell, who spent a year reviewing tapes with the goal of choosing the best recordings for release by NoBusiness Records.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In a review for All About Jazz, Glenn Astarita stated that the musicians \"shoot for the stars\" on the single long track, and noted their \"stunning fluency and micro-second paradigm shifts.\" He wrote: \"the iconic trio conveys a level of camaraderie and gamesmanship that transforms your listening space into a virtual live event... this is essential listening, and an educational tour-de-force for the younger crowd who have not been indoctrinated to Rivers' early mind-bending recorded output.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Olie Brice of London Jazz News described the trio as \"the greatest of Rivers' working groups,\" and called the album \"a fantastic addition to the recorded legacy of one of the great improvising groups,\" commenting: \"The trio embraces a wide range from atonal, chamber-like improvisation to dancing, riff-based grooves with a clear tonal centre to exhilarating, swinging free jazz. The speed and fluency with which they pick up on each other’s suggestions and organically move between improvised sections is a delight.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The Free Jazz Collective's Gary Chapin called the rhythm section of Holland and Altschul \"extraordinary\" and \"one of the pillar rhythm sections of This Kind of Music,\" and noted that \"each instrument – soprano, tenor, piano – opens up different possibilities for Rivers, but they all sound so like him.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Writing for Point of Departure, John Sharpe remarked: \"This outfit could write the book on trio interplay... Transitions... are handled with such aplomb that they might be preordained... Such events amid the magnificent flow make this outing one of the most satisfying performances from these three titans.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In an article for Dusted Magazine, Derek Taylor wrote: \"the trio was already one of Rivers' most revered configurations and an epitome of spontaneous communication. A reunion convened nearly thirty years later revealed chemistry slightly altered, but effectively undiminished... Rivers is... a wonder of tonal and phrasal ingenuity atop the commensurately marvelous contributions of his colleagues.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Writer Raul Da Gama stated: \"The music of Ricochet is rugged and highly charged, and is amongst the finest improvised music on record... it contains extraordinary textures and remarkable juxtapositions between Mr Rivers' horns, flute and piano, and Dave Holland's bass and cello, together with the roaring battery of Barry Altschul's drum kit. This piece seems to have been conceived in fire; carved out of living flesh rather than sonic elements.\"", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Composed by Sam Rivers.", "title": "Track listing" } ]	Ricochet is a live album by the Sam Rivers Trio, led by multi-instrumentalist and composer Rivers, and featuring double bassist Dave Holland and drummer Barry Altschul. Consisting of a single 52-minute track, it was recorded on January 12, 1978, at the Keystone Korner in San Francisco, California, and was released in 2020 by NoBusiness Records as volume 3 of the Sam Rivers Archive Series. The trio was originally active from 1972 until 1978, and was influential in the New York loft jazz scene centered around Rivers' Studio Rivbea. Although the group toured and performed widely, it was not well documented on record, with the exception of the Rivers albums The Quest (1976) and Paragon (1977), as well as Holland's Conference of the Birds (1973), which also included Anthony Braxton. In 2007, the trio reunited and recorded the music that was released in 2012 on the album Reunion: Live in New York. The album is based on material selected from Rivers' massive recorded archives, which are curated by writer and producer Ed Hazell, who spent a year reviewing tapes with the goal of choosing the best recordings for release by NoBusiness Records.	2023-12-08T19:06:21Z	2023-12-08T19:18:09Z	[ "Template:Cite AV media notes", "Template:Infobox album", "Template:Album ratings", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricochet_(Sam_Rivers_album)
75,517,951	Ron Shaich	Ronald M. Shaich (born December 30, 1953) is an American businessman, entrepreneur, investor, and best-selling author who co-founded and built Au Bon Pain Inc., and later, founded Panera Bread, both of which he served as CEO and chairman. Under Shaich's leadership, from 1997 to 2017, Panera Bread was the best-performing public restaurant stock, performing two times better than Starbucks, six times better than Chipotle, and performing 44 times better than the S&P 500 with 25% annualized returns. Shaich sold Panera Bread for $7.5 billion in 2017. Shaich is credited with helping create the fast-casual segment. As of 2023, the fast-casual segment of the restaurant industry is generating well in excess of $100 billion in sales. He currently serves as CEO and Managing Partner of Act III Holdings, a $1 billion+ evergreen investment firm that he founded in 2018 with approximately $250 million of his and his partners money. Shaich is the current chairman and a lead investor in Act III's portfolio companies – Cava, Tatte Bakery & Café, Life Alive, and Level99. During his career, Shaich was a public company CEO for 27 years, and was involved in taking three different restaurant brands public—Au Bon Pain, Panera, and Cava. On October 24, 2023, Shaich released his first book, Know What Matters: Lessons from a Lifetime of Transformations, in which he “provides a roadmap for individuals and organizations to find purpose, make meaningful contributions, and prioritize what truly matters.” It is a Wall Street Journal, USA Today and Porchlight best seller. Ronald M. Shaich was born on December 30, 1953, to Joseph and Pearl Shaich (née Kalfus) in Newark, New Jersey. Joe Shaich was a certified public accountant and Pearl was a homemaker. Shaich has one sister. Raised in Livingston, New Jersey, Shaich graduated from Livingston High School in 1971. Shaich attended Clark University, graduating with a B.A. in government and politics in 1976. Shaich later graduated with an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1978. He was awarded Clark University's highest honor, an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree, on May 18, 2014, when he delivered the 110th Commencement Address. Shaich began his first business on Clark University's campus, running a convenience store for students. While earning a MBA from Harvard University in 1978, he worked as an assistant to the president of Store 24, Inc. and then as an assistant to the vice president of marketing at CVS Stores. After business school, Shaich served as the Eastern Regional Manager for the Original Cookie Company, helped form the political consulting firm Targeting Systems and launched the Cookie Jar bakery in Boston in 1980. Shortly thereafter, Shaich added fresh croissants and baguettes to the Cookie Jar menu to attract the lunch crowd. The breads and croissants came from Au Bon Pain. In 1981, Shaich merged his Cookie Jar with three Au Bon Pain bakeries, which were led by Louis I. Kane, a Boston-area venture capitalist, and together they created Au Bon Pain Co. Inc. Shaich then led Au Bon Pain's conversion from bakeries to bakery cafés and the business took off. Au Bon Pain grew rapidly as Shaich and Kane took it public in 1991 and by 1993, the company had grown to 250 stores, primarily in high density urban markets in the Northeast. Later in 1993, Shaich led an acquisition in which Au Bon Pain acquired the St. Louis Bread Company, a chain of 20 bakery cafes located in St. Louis for $24 million. Shaich used St. Louis Bread Co. to develop the Panera Bread concept. All subsequent bakery cafes outside of the St. Louis market opened were called Panera Bread while those in St. Louis retained the St. Louis Bread Company moniker. In 1997, Shaich realized he couldn't access sufficient financial and human capital to revitalize Au Bon Pain and simultaneously grow his new concept, Panera Bread, so “he bet the house on Panera.” By May 1999, Au Boin Pain Manufacturing was sold to Bunge Foods, and Au Bon Pain USA and Au Bon Pain International were sold to private-equity firm Bruckmann, Rosser, Sherrill & Co. After the sale, the sole remaining division of Au Bon Pain Co. Inc. was the Panera division and the public company name was changed from Au Bon Pain Co. Inc. to Panera Bread with the public stock symbol becoming PNRA. In 1999, in addition to the 20 St. Louis Bread Company stores, Shaich's Panera Bread had more than 150 cafes. By 2000, Panera Bread, under Shaich's leadership, had 227 stores open across 27 states and $202 million in sales. Its stock went from $6 per share in 1999 to $19 per share in 2000 about a year later. It posted profits of $21.8 million in 2002. As consumers sought healthier options, Shaich evolved Panera's menu to include antibiotic-free and trans fat-free ingredients, as well as whole-grain breads with fewer grams of carbohydrates per slice. Panera was also the first national restaurant chain to post full calorie information for consumers. In early 2004, the stock was trading at $40 per share. By 2005, Shaich grew total sales of Panera Bread to $2 billion with profits of $81.1 million and a stock price of $73.56. In November 2009, Shaich announced that he would step down as CEO of Panera Bread in 2010 as he hoped to take what he learned at Panera and make contributions to civic society while retaining his role as the company's Executive Chairman. Bill Moreton, who had been serving as Chief Operating Officer, would take over as CEO. The day after Shaich stepped down as CEO of Panera, he opened the first of five Panera Cares community cafes, which were operated as “pay it forward” cafes without set prices. Shaich's goal was to substantially contribute to the community at the height of the recession by supporting those who were struggling with food insecurity and financial hardships. In November 2010, Ron wrote a memo on how he would compete with Panera if he weren't invested in Panera. Upon reading the memo, Bill Moreton asked Ron to work on bringing the initiatives described in the thought piece to life, and Ron returned in 2011 to drive Panera's next wave of transformation. He became Co-CEO with Bill Moreton in March 2012 and officially reclaimed the role as sole CEO at Panera in August 2013. Bill Moreton stayed with the company as Executive Vice Chairman. In 2014, Shaich pioneered the integration of technology at restaurants by unveiling Panera 2.0, “a series of integrated technologies to enhance the guest experience for all consumers no matter how they choose to use Panera.” The plan included the following key elements: As part of this transformation, Shaich also spearheaded: By June 2017, Shaich's transformed Panera delivered annualized digital sales of over $1 billion and sales from mobile, web and kiosk orders made up 26% of the company's total sales. Panera estimated that 1.2 million digital orders were placed per week. Shaich led the sale of Panera to JAB Holdings for approximately $7.5 billion ($315 per share) in a deal approved by Panera's shareholders on July 11, 2017. The deal was the largest U.S. restaurant deal ever done up until that point in time at among the highest multiples – 18x EBITDA – on record. Once the acquisition was final, JAB Holdings took the company private. In November 2017, Shaich led Panera's acquisition of Au Bon Pain. That same day, Shaich announced that he was stepping down as CEO, effective Jan. 1, 2018. Olivier Goudet took over as chairman in 2018. In 2018, Shaich founded Act III Holdings LLC, an evergreen investment vehicle, with $250 million of his and his partners money. As of 2023, Act III has a portfolio valued in excess of $1 billion and invests in consumer-facing restaurant and entertainment concepts that can dominate a niche in the marketplace. Shaich serves as Act III's Managing Partner & CEO. Shaich's first major investment with Act III was as a lead investor in Cava. Shaich believed in people's desire for Mediterranean fast-casual cuisine and the potential of the Cava brand. Shaich conceptualized and led Cava's acquisition of public company Zoe's Kitchen, which was five times larger than Cava and allowed Cava to hyper scale into a category-dominant brand company with 250 locations as of October 2023. As part of the acquisition, Shaich became chair of the combined company and Act III is among Cava's lead investors with 10% of the equity. As chairman, Shaich assisted with Cava Group's initial public offering (IPO) in June 2023. Other notable investments from Shaich's Act III portfolio include Tatte Bakery & Café, Life Alive—a place to eat positive, and Level99—live-action, challenge-based entertainment, craft beverages and farm-to-table dining. Shaich has written one book, Know What Matters: Lessons from a Lifetime of Transformations, released October 2023. The book was positively received, becoming a USA Today, Wall Street Journal and Porchlight best seller. Forbes says the book “provides a roadmap for individuals and organizations to find purpose, make meaningful contributions, and prioritize what truly matters.” McKinsey & Company similarly said, “Drawing on more than three decades of innovation and transformation, Shaich offers a detailed playbook for how to create and sustain a successful enterprise.” Forbes calls out that “Shaich follows many of the fundamental guiding principles of billion-dollar entrepreneurs. Learn these common rules and apply them to your business to build your lean unicorn.” Fast Company commended Know What Matters, saying it “offers insights into how to build long-term thinking and lead an “integrated” life.” CNBC praised the book saying, “Panera Bread founder Ron Shaich uses his new book, "Know What Matters," to impart lessons learned from his decades in the restaurant business — and reveals some juicy details in the process.” Eric Jacobson wrote on his Management and Leadership blog, “Shaich offers clear-headed lessons for the entire life cycle of an enterprise, from bootstrapping a startup to going public to managing large companies to selling a business. He challenges readers to grapple with how business impacts life, sharing his own struggles and setbacks with as much honesty and candor as he describes his successes.” The book garnered 5 out of 5 stars on Amazon and Goodreads.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ronald M. Shaich (born December 30, 1953) is an American businessman, entrepreneur, investor, and best-selling author who co-founded and built Au Bon Pain Inc., and later, founded Panera Bread, both of which he served as CEO and chairman. Under Shaich's leadership, from 1997 to 2017, Panera Bread was the best-performing public restaurant stock, performing two times better than Starbucks, six times better than Chipotle, and performing 44 times better than the S&P 500 with 25% annualized returns. Shaich sold Panera Bread for $7.5 billion in 2017.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Shaich is credited with helping create the fast-casual segment. As of 2023, the fast-casual segment of the restaurant industry is generating well in excess of $100 billion in sales.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "He currently serves as CEO and Managing Partner of Act III Holdings, a $1 billion+ evergreen investment firm that he founded in 2018 with approximately $250 million of his and his partners money. Shaich is the current chairman and a lead investor in Act III's portfolio companies – Cava, Tatte Bakery & Café, Life Alive, and Level99.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "During his career, Shaich was a public company CEO for 27 years, and was involved in taking three different restaurant brands public—Au Bon Pain, Panera, and Cava.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On October 24, 2023, Shaich released his first book, Know What Matters: Lessons from a Lifetime of Transformations, in which he “provides a roadmap for individuals and organizations to find purpose, make meaningful contributions, and prioritize what truly matters.” It is a Wall Street Journal, USA Today and Porchlight best seller.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Ronald M. Shaich was born on December 30, 1953, to Joseph and Pearl Shaich (née Kalfus) in Newark, New Jersey. Joe Shaich was a certified public accountant and Pearl was a homemaker. Shaich has one sister.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Raised in Livingston, New Jersey, Shaich graduated from Livingston High School in 1971. Shaich attended Clark University, graduating with a B.A. in government and politics in 1976. Shaich later graduated with an MBA from Harvard Business School in 1978. He was awarded Clark University's highest honor, an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree, on May 18, 2014, when he delivered the 110th Commencement Address.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Shaich began his first business on Clark University's campus, running a convenience store for students. While earning a MBA from Harvard University in 1978, he worked as an assistant to the president of Store 24, Inc. and then as an assistant to the vice president of marketing at CVS Stores. After business school, Shaich served as the Eastern Regional Manager for the Original Cookie Company, helped form the political consulting firm Targeting Systems and launched the Cookie Jar bakery in Boston in 1980. Shortly thereafter, Shaich added fresh croissants and baguettes to the Cookie Jar menu to attract the lunch crowd. The breads and croissants came from Au Bon Pain.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 1981, Shaich merged his Cookie Jar with three Au Bon Pain bakeries, which were led by Louis I. Kane, a Boston-area venture capitalist, and together they created Au Bon Pain Co. Inc. Shaich then led Au Bon Pain's conversion from bakeries to bakery cafés and the business took off.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Au Bon Pain grew rapidly as Shaich and Kane took it public in 1991 and by 1993, the company had grown to 250 stores, primarily in high density urban markets in the Northeast.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Later in 1993, Shaich led an acquisition in which Au Bon Pain acquired the St. Louis Bread Company, a chain of 20 bakery cafes located in St. Louis for $24 million. Shaich used St. Louis Bread Co. to develop the Panera Bread concept. All subsequent bakery cafes outside of the St. Louis market opened were called Panera Bread while those in St. Louis retained the St. Louis Bread Company moniker.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "In 1997, Shaich realized he couldn't access sufficient financial and human capital to revitalize Au Bon Pain and simultaneously grow his new concept, Panera Bread, so “he bet the house on Panera.” By May 1999, Au Boin Pain Manufacturing was sold to Bunge Foods, and Au Bon Pain USA and Au Bon Pain International were sold to private-equity firm Bruckmann, Rosser, Sherrill & Co. After the sale, the sole remaining division of Au Bon Pain Co. Inc. was the Panera division and the public company name was changed from Au Bon Pain Co. Inc. to Panera Bread with the public stock symbol becoming PNRA.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "In 1999, in addition to the 20 St. Louis Bread Company stores, Shaich's Panera Bread had more than 150 cafes.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "By 2000, Panera Bread, under Shaich's leadership, had 227 stores open across 27 states and $202 million in sales. Its stock went from $6 per share in 1999 to $19 per share in 2000 about a year later. It posted profits of $21.8 million in 2002.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "As consumers sought healthier options, Shaich evolved Panera's menu to include antibiotic-free and trans fat-free ingredients, as well as whole-grain breads with fewer grams of carbohydrates per slice. Panera was also the first national restaurant chain to post full calorie information for consumers.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "In early 2004, the stock was trading at $40 per share.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "By 2005, Shaich grew total sales of Panera Bread to $2 billion with profits of $81.1 million and a stock price of $73.56.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "In November 2009, Shaich announced that he would step down as CEO of Panera Bread in 2010 as he hoped to take what he learned at Panera and make contributions to civic society while retaining his role as the company's Executive Chairman. Bill Moreton, who had been serving as Chief Operating Officer, would take over as CEO.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "The day after Shaich stepped down as CEO of Panera, he opened the first of five Panera Cares community cafes, which were operated as “pay it forward” cafes without set prices. Shaich's goal was to substantially contribute to the community at the height of the recession by supporting those who were struggling with food insecurity and financial hardships.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "In November 2010, Ron wrote a memo on how he would compete with Panera if he weren't invested in Panera. Upon reading the memo, Bill Moreton asked Ron to work on bringing the initiatives described in the thought piece to life, and Ron returned in 2011 to drive Panera's next wave of transformation. He became Co-CEO with Bill Moreton in March 2012 and officially reclaimed the role as sole CEO at Panera in August 2013. Bill Moreton stayed with the company as Executive Vice Chairman.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "In 2014, Shaich pioneered the integration of technology at restaurants by unveiling Panera 2.0, “a series of integrated technologies to enhance the guest experience for all consumers no matter how they choose to use Panera.” The plan included the following key elements:", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "As part of this transformation, Shaich also spearheaded:", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "By June 2017, Shaich's transformed Panera delivered annualized digital sales of over $1 billion and sales from mobile, web and kiosk orders made up 26% of the company's total sales. Panera estimated that 1.2 million digital orders were placed per week.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "Shaich led the sale of Panera to JAB Holdings for approximately $7.5 billion ($315 per share) in a deal approved by Panera's shareholders on July 11, 2017. The deal was the largest U.S. restaurant deal ever done up until that point in time at among the highest multiples – 18x EBITDA – on record. Once the acquisition was final, JAB Holdings took the company private.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "In November 2017, Shaich led Panera's acquisition of Au Bon Pain. That same day, Shaich announced that he was stepping down as CEO, effective Jan. 1, 2018. Olivier Goudet took over as chairman in 2018.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "In 2018, Shaich founded Act III Holdings LLC, an evergreen investment vehicle, with $250 million of his and his partners money. As of 2023, Act III has a portfolio valued in excess of $1 billion and invests in consumer-facing restaurant and entertainment concepts that can dominate a niche in the marketplace. Shaich serves as Act III's Managing Partner & CEO.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "Shaich's first major investment with Act III was as a lead investor in Cava. Shaich believed in people's desire for Mediterranean fast-casual cuisine and the potential of the Cava brand. Shaich conceptualized and led Cava's acquisition of public company Zoe's Kitchen, which was five times larger than Cava and allowed Cava to hyper scale into a category-dominant brand company with 250 locations as of October 2023.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "As part of the acquisition, Shaich became chair of the combined company and Act III is among Cava's lead investors with 10% of the equity.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "As chairman, Shaich assisted with Cava Group's initial public offering (IPO) in June 2023.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "Other notable investments from Shaich's Act III portfolio include Tatte Bakery & Café, Life Alive—a place to eat positive, and Level99—live-action, challenge-based entertainment, craft beverages and farm-to-table dining.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "Shaich has written one book, Know What Matters: Lessons from a Lifetime of Transformations, released October 2023. The book was positively received, becoming a USA Today, Wall Street Journal and Porchlight best seller.", "title": "Author" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "Forbes says the book “provides a roadmap for individuals and organizations to find purpose, make meaningful contributions, and prioritize what truly matters.” McKinsey & Company similarly said, “Drawing on more than three decades of innovation and transformation, Shaich offers a detailed playbook for how to create and sustain a successful enterprise.”", "title": "Author" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "Forbes calls out that “Shaich follows many of the fundamental guiding principles of billion-dollar entrepreneurs. Learn these common rules and apply them to your business to build your lean unicorn.”", "title": "Author" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "Fast Company commended Know What Matters, saying it “offers insights into how to build long-term thinking and lead an “integrated” life.” CNBC praised the book saying, “Panera Bread founder Ron Shaich uses his new book, \"Know What Matters,\" to impart lessons learned from his decades in the restaurant business — and reveals some juicy details in the process.”", "title": "Author" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "Eric Jacobson wrote on his Management and Leadership blog, “Shaich offers clear-headed lessons for the entire life cycle of an enterprise, from bootstrapping a startup to going public to managing large companies to selling a business. He challenges readers to grapple with how business impacts life, sharing his own struggles and setbacks with as much honesty and candor as he describes his successes.”", "title": "Author" }, { "paragraph_id": 35, "text": "The book garnered 5 out of 5 stars on Amazon and Goodreads.", "title": "Author" } ]	Ronald M. Shaich is an American businessman, entrepreneur, investor, and best-selling author who co-founded and built Au Bon Pain Inc., and later, founded Panera Bread, both of which he served as CEO and chairman. Under Shaich's leadership, from 1997 to 2017, Panera Bread was the best-performing public restaurant stock, performing two times better than Starbucks, six times better than Chipotle, and performing 44 times better than the S&P 500 with 25% annualized returns. Shaich sold Panera Bread for $7.5 billion in 2017. Shaich is credited with helping create the fast-casual segment. As of 2023, the fast-casual segment of the restaurant industry is generating well in excess of $100 billion in sales. He currently serves as CEO and Managing Partner of Act III Holdings, a $1 billion+ evergreen investment firm that he founded in 2018 with approximately $250 million of his and his partners money. Shaich is the current chairman and a lead investor in Act III's portfolio companies – Cava, Tatte Bakery & Café, Life Alive, and Level99. During his career, Shaich was a public company CEO for 27 years, and was involved in taking three different restaurant brands public—Au Bon Pain, Panera, and Cava. On October 24, 2023, Shaich released his first book, Know What Matters: Lessons from a Lifetime of Transformations, in which he “provides a roadmap for individuals and organizations to find purpose, make meaningful contributions, and prioritize what truly matters.” It is a Wall Street Journal, USA Today and Porchlight best seller.	2023-12-08T19:06:21Z	2023-12-22T20:33:59Z	[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Citation", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron_Shaich
75,517,960	Kozhari	Kozhari (Bulgarian: Кожари) is a village in southern Bulgaria. It has a population of 63 as of 2022. Kozhari is located in the southwestern part of Smolyan Province and has a territory of 10.147 km. It is part of Borino Municipality and situated just north of the border with Greece. The closest settlement is the village of Buynovo to the northwest. The village is situated in the western part of the Rhodope Mountains, about 2 km northwest of the source of the river Vacha and 13 km of the Yagodinska Cave.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Kozhari (Bulgarian: Кожари) is a village in southern Bulgaria. It has a population of 63 as of 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kozhari is located in the southwestern part of Smolyan Province and has a territory of 10.147 km. It is part of Borino Municipality and situated just north of the border with Greece. The closest settlement is the village of Buynovo to the northwest. The village is situated in the western part of the Rhodope Mountains, about 2 km northwest of the source of the river Vacha and 13 km of the Yagodinska Cave.", "title": "Geography" } ]	Kozhari is a village in southern Bulgaria. It has a population of 63 as of 2022.	2023-12-08T19:07:45Z	2023-12-24T20:30:18Z	[ "Template:Infobox settlement", "Template:Lang-bg", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kozhari
75,517,969	2011 Elmbridge Borough Council election	Elections to Elmbridge Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. 20 seats (one third) of the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elections to Elmbridge Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. 20 seats (one third) of the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control.", "title": "" } ]	Elections to Elmbridge Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. 20 seats of the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control.	2023-12-08T19:08:36Z	2023-12-08T19:08:36Z	[ "Template:United Kingdom local elections, 2011", "Template:UK-election-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Increase", "Template:Decrease", "Template:No change", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Surrey elections" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Elmbridge_Borough_Council_election
75,517,984	Ferdinand Lehmkuhl	Ferdinand Lehmkuhl was an engineer-technologist and architect. Between 1880 and 1889, Ferdinand Lehmkuhl worked as an engineer-technologist in the Baku City Duma. He participated in the construction of several buildings in Baku. Ferdinand Lehmkuhl was born in 1823. From 1880 to 1889, he worked as an engineer-technologist in the Baku City Duma. He was involved in the construction of various buildings in Baku. His first project in 1880 was the design of the "Sun Clock." His main projects were low-rise residential buildings, mostly constructed in neighborhoods such as Kubinka, Ganly-Tapa, Dagustu, Chamberakend districts, and within the Inner City during that period. In 1883, he supervised the construction of Tagiyev's Theater designed by the architect Khrisanf Vasilyev. In 1909, he became the architect of the Lutheran Church built in the Roman Gothic style in Annenfeld, funded by Johann Beppl and Johann Bek.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ferdinand Lehmkuhl was an engineer-technologist and architect.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Between 1880 and 1889, Ferdinand Lehmkuhl worked as an engineer-technologist in the Baku City Duma. He participated in the construction of several buildings in Baku.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Ferdinand Lehmkuhl was born in 1823. From 1880 to 1889, he worked as an engineer-technologist in the Baku City Duma. He was involved in the construction of various buildings in Baku. His first project in 1880 was the design of the \"Sun Clock.\" His main projects were low-rise residential buildings, mostly constructed in neighborhoods such as Kubinka, Ganly-Tapa, Dagustu, Chamberakend districts, and within the Inner City during that period. In 1883, he supervised the construction of Tagiyev's Theater designed by the architect Khrisanf Vasilyev. In 1909, he became the architect of the Lutheran Church built in the Roman Gothic style in Annenfeld, funded by Johann Beppl and Johann Bek.", "title": "About" } ]	Ferdinand Lehmkuhl was an engineer-technologist and architect. Between 1880 and 1889, Ferdinand Lehmkuhl worked as an engineer-technologist in the Baku City Duma. He participated in the construction of several buildings in Baku.	2023-12-08T19:10:38Z	2023-12-26T16:29:42Z	[ "Template:Infobox architect", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand_Lehmkuhl
75,517,987	Angry White People	Angry White People: Coming Face-to-face with the British Far-Right is a non-fiction book by London-based writer Hsiao-Hung Pai. It was published by Zed Books in 2016. The book is about racism amongst Britain's white working class, with a focus on the English Defence League. The foreword was written by British poet Benjamin Zephaniah. In the book, Pai interviews the anti-Muslim activist known as Tommy Robinson in his hometown of Luton. She finds his views on race to be similar to those expressed in mainstream British right-wing media and politics, rather than the overt racism of the British National Party. Pai expresses that the white working class face economic issues and contempt from the political elite. The book chronicles the history of Robinson's English Defence League (EDL), interviewing its members and members of opposing groups such as Unite Against Fascism. Hassan Mahamdallie of The Independent praised how Pai was able to empathise with the hardships of some white working class members of the EDL without sympathising with their political aims. He called the book an "enlightening, thoughtful and intelligent study". In the Morning Star, Paul Simon praised an "almost ethnographic level of detail" in documenting how people from the community drifted towards the EDL. Conversely, John Lloyd of the Financial Times found the book unbalanced as it quoted figures from the organisation Cage while strongly criticising the Quilliam think tank. Musa Okwonga of the New Statesman found the book timely for its release during the 2015 European migrant crisis and reaction by anti-migration groups such as Pegida in Germany. Lloyd instead pointed to the recent 2016 Brussels bombings and found it unfortunate that Pai had relied on sources by Arun Kundnani, who proposes that Western fear of Islamic terrorism is exaggerated. Rod Liddle wrote a scathing review in The Spectator Australia, calling the book "hideously mistaken on almost every page".	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Angry White People: Coming Face-to-face with the British Far-Right is a non-fiction book by London-based writer Hsiao-Hung Pai. It was published by Zed Books in 2016. The book is about racism amongst Britain's white working class, with a focus on the English Defence League. The foreword was written by British poet Benjamin Zephaniah.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "In the book, Pai interviews the anti-Muslim activist known as Tommy Robinson in his hometown of Luton. She finds his views on race to be similar to those expressed in mainstream British right-wing media and politics, rather than the overt racism of the British National Party.", "title": "Content" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Pai expresses that the white working class face economic issues and contempt from the political elite. The book chronicles the history of Robinson's English Defence League (EDL), interviewing its members and members of opposing groups such as Unite Against Fascism.", "title": "Content" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Hassan Mahamdallie of The Independent praised how Pai was able to empathise with the hardships of some white working class members of the EDL without sympathising with their political aims. He called the book an \"enlightening, thoughtful and intelligent study\". In the Morning Star, Paul Simon praised an \"almost ethnographic level of detail\" in documenting how people from the community drifted towards the EDL. Conversely, John Lloyd of the Financial Times found the book unbalanced as it quoted figures from the organisation Cage while strongly criticising the Quilliam think tank.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Musa Okwonga of the New Statesman found the book timely for its release during the 2015 European migrant crisis and reaction by anti-migration groups such as Pegida in Germany. Lloyd instead pointed to the recent 2016 Brussels bombings and found it unfortunate that Pai had relied on sources by Arun Kundnani, who proposes that Western fear of Islamic terrorism is exaggerated.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Rod Liddle wrote a scathing review in The Spectator Australia, calling the book \"hideously mistaken on almost every page\".", "title": "Reception" } ]	Angry White People: Coming Face-to-face with the British Far-Right is a non-fiction book by London-based writer Hsiao-Hung Pai. It was published by Zed Books in 2016. The book is about racism amongst Britain's white working class, with a focus on the English Defence League. The foreword was written by British poet Benjamin Zephaniah.	2023-12-08T19:11:00Z	2023-12-08T19:11:00Z	[ "Template:For", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angry_White_People
75,517,988	Grémio Literário (Lisbon)	The Grémio Literário (Literary Guild) is a private club in Lisbon, Portugal that was founded in 1846 for the purpose of intellectual and literary discussion. It is now also used for private and corporate events. It is housed in the Palacete de Loures in the Chiado area of Lisbon. The club was founded by royal charter from Maria II of Portugal and her husband Ferdinand II on April 18, 1846. Part of the charter states: …Considering that the purpose of this association is the culture of letters, and that through intellectual illustration it can contribute to moral improvement... The main founders were the historian Alexandre Herculano (member no. 1) and the poet and playwright Almeida Garrett. Others involved were the novelist Luís Augusto Rebelo da Silva [pt], the playwright José da Silva Mendes Leal [pt] and leading supporters of the Liberal cause during the Portuguese civil war, which had ended a decade before its foundation, such as Rodrigo da Fonseca Magalhães [pt], Fontes Pereira de Melo, António Rodrigues Sampaio, Sá da Bandeira, and Anselmo José Braamcamp. In its first years, the Grémio had several headquarters, always in the Chiado area, including Palácio Quintela [pt]. Finally, in 1875, it settled in the mansion of the Viscount of Loures, on Rua de S. Francisco (now Rua Ivens). This is a fine example of the architecture of Portuguese Romanticism. The interior has an eclectic range of artistic styles, including a variety of textile coverings on the ground floor; the Green Room with an imperial style; a Victorian bar; a smoking room with carved wooden panelling; and a room in a neo-Louis XV style. In the first decades of its existence, the Grémio carried out a series of intense intellectual activities, with conferences and courses covering different areas of knowledge, taught by renowned experts at the time. Topics covered included hygiene, philosophy, literature, history, fine arts, astronomy and agriculture. Mentions of the Grémio Literário are frequent in Portuguese nineteenth-century literature, including in works by authors such as Francisco Teixeira de Queiroz, Abel Botelho, and Ramalho Ortigão. In his novel Os Maias, Eça de Queiroz locates several scenes in the Grémio building, which, in the novel, is next door to the building where the character Maria Eduarda lives. The first modernist exhibition in Portugal took place in 1912 in the Grémio. This was the first time that the artist Almada Negreiros exhibited. The overthrow of the Portuguese monarchy and the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic slowed down the activity of the guild until the 1950s. From the 1960s, it redeveloped its cultural and social role and in 1969 the Grémio Literário Award was given for the first time. The award is intended to "annually distinguish original cultural works by Portuguese authors published or produced during the previous calendar year, in the fields of letters, arts and sciences". The Grémio has an extensive library. On 24 January 1996, the Grémio Literário was made an honorary member of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword, to mark its 150th anniversary. On 17 April 2021, as part of the celebration of its 175th anniversary, it was made an honorary member of the Order of Prince Henry. At that time, two Portuguese postage stamps were also issued featuring the Grémio. In 2018 the Palacete de Loures, including its garden and contents, was classified by the Ministry of Culture, as a “monument of public interest". In the same year, Grémio Literário was recognized by the Lisbon City Council as an entity of "local historical and cultural interest". Entrance to the building is limited to members and their guests. Membership is no longer limited to supporters of one particular faction and its openness to people of all political views is considered by some to be one reason for its longevity. Founded as a gentlemen´s club, it is now open to female members, although in 2000 only 80 of the 1200 members were women. The Grémio is also available for corporate events. Casual visitors are not catered for.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Grémio Literário (Literary Guild) is a private club in Lisbon, Portugal that was founded in 1846 for the purpose of intellectual and literary discussion. It is now also used for private and corporate events. It is housed in the Palacete de Loures in the Chiado area of Lisbon.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The club was founded by royal charter from Maria II of Portugal and her husband Ferdinand II on April 18, 1846. Part of the charter states:", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "…Considering that the purpose of this association is the culture of letters, and that through intellectual illustration it can contribute to moral improvement...", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The main founders were the historian Alexandre Herculano (member no. 1) and the poet and playwright Almeida Garrett. Others involved were the novelist Luís Augusto Rebelo da Silva [pt], the playwright José da Silva Mendes Leal [pt] and leading supporters of the Liberal cause during the Portuguese civil war, which had ended a decade before its foundation, such as Rodrigo da Fonseca Magalhães [pt], Fontes Pereira de Melo, António Rodrigues Sampaio, Sá da Bandeira, and Anselmo José Braamcamp.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In its first years, the Grémio had several headquarters, always in the Chiado area, including Palácio Quintela [pt]. Finally, in 1875, it settled in the mansion of the Viscount of Loures, on Rua de S. Francisco (now Rua Ivens). This is a fine example of the architecture of Portuguese Romanticism. The interior has an eclectic range of artistic styles, including a variety of textile coverings on the ground floor; the Green Room with an imperial style; a Victorian bar; a smoking room with carved wooden panelling; and a room in a neo-Louis XV style.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In the first decades of its existence, the Grémio carried out a series of intense intellectual activities, with conferences and courses covering different areas of knowledge, taught by renowned experts at the time. Topics covered included hygiene, philosophy, literature, history, fine arts, astronomy and agriculture. Mentions of the Grémio Literário are frequent in Portuguese nineteenth-century literature, including in works by authors such as Francisco Teixeira de Queiroz, Abel Botelho, and Ramalho Ortigão. In his novel Os Maias, Eça de Queiroz locates several scenes in the Grémio building, which, in the novel, is next door to the building where the character Maria Eduarda lives.", "title": "Activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The first modernist exhibition in Portugal took place in 1912 in the Grémio. This was the first time that the artist Almada Negreiros exhibited. The overthrow of the Portuguese monarchy and the establishment of the First Portuguese Republic slowed down the activity of the guild until the 1950s. From the 1960s, it redeveloped its cultural and social role and in 1969 the Grémio Literário Award was given for the first time. The award is intended to \"annually distinguish original cultural works by Portuguese authors published or produced during the previous calendar year, in the fields of letters, arts and sciences\". The Grémio has an extensive library.", "title": "Activities" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "On 24 January 1996, the Grémio Literário was made an honorary member of the Military Order of Saint James of the Sword, to mark its 150th anniversary. On 17 April 2021, as part of the celebration of its 175th anniversary, it was made an honorary member of the Order of Prince Henry. At that time, two Portuguese postage stamps were also issued featuring the Grémio.", "title": "Recognition" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2018 the Palacete de Loures, including its garden and contents, was classified by the Ministry of Culture, as a “monument of public interest\". In the same year, Grémio Literário was recognized by the Lisbon City Council as an entity of \"local historical and cultural interest\".", "title": "Recognition" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Entrance to the building is limited to members and their guests. Membership is no longer limited to supporters of one particular faction and its openness to people of all political views is considered by some to be one reason for its longevity. Founded as a gentlemen´s club, it is now open to female members, although in 2000 only 80 of the 1200 members were women. The Grémio is also available for corporate events. Casual visitors are not catered for.", "title": "Visits" } ]	The Grémio Literário is a private club in Lisbon, Portugal that was founded in 1846 for the purpose of intellectual and literary discussion. It is now also used for private and corporate events. It is housed in the Palacete de Loures in the Chiado area of Lisbon.	2023-12-08T19:11:05Z	2023-12-09T16:24:19Z	[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Italic title", "Template:Quote", "Template:Ill", "Template:Reflist" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A9mio_Liter%C3%A1rio_(Lisbon)
75,517,996	2011 Slough Borough Council election	Elections to Slough Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. 14 seats (one third) of the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Labour control.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elections to Slough Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. 14 seats (one third) of the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Labour control.", "title": "" } ]	Elections to Slough Borough Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. 14 seats of the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Labour control.	2023-12-08T19:12:02Z	2023-12-08T19:12:02Z	[ "Template:Berkshire elections", "Template:United Kingdom local elections, 2011", "Template:UK-election-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Increase", "Template:Decrease", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Slough_Borough_Council_election
75,518,023	Luxembourg–Poland relations	Luxembourg–Poland relations are bilateral relations between Luxembourg and Poland. Relations focus on trade and cultural and scientific cooperation. Both nations are full members of the European Union, NATO, OECD, OSCE, Council of Europe, World Trade Organization and United Nations. Despite the considerable difference in area and population, there are several similarities between Luxembourg and Poland. Both Luxembourg and Poland were established almost simultaneously in the 960s, and both are traditionally predominantly Catholic by confession. In the Late Middle Ages, the ruling houses of both states rose to great power in Europe. In 1310 John the Blind of the House of Luxembourg secured the Bohemian throne and attempted to achieve the Polish throne, however, he became only a titular King of Poland. The Polish Jagiellonian dynasty soon rose to similar prominence and also managed to place its members on the throne of the Kingdom of Bohemia (in addition to Hungary). At that time, Luxembourg fell under foreign rule, a fate shared by Poland in the 18th century. Luxembourg eventually regained independence in 1867, and Poland in 1918, although neither nation has recovered all of its former territories, lost in the Partitions of Luxembourg and Partitions of Poland, respectively. First Poles migrated to Luxembourg, mostly from the Prussian and Austrian partitions of Poland, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. In 1921, bilateral relations were established, and a consulate of Poland was opened in Luxembourg City. In 1922, a trade treaty was signed. Immigration of Poles to Luxembourg increased, mainly those forced to leave Westphalia and Rhineland, while some came from Belgium, France and Poland. In the mid-1920s, there were 5,000 Poles in Luxembourg, however, by 1939 the number dropped to 3,750. During World War II, Poland and Luxembourg were both invaded and occupied by Germany, in 1939 and 1940, respectively. Both countries were subjected to Germanisation policies. Many Poles from Luxembourg joined the Polish Armed Forces in the West to fight against Germany, whereas some attempted to return to Poland, but many of them were captured by the Germans and sent to forced labour. According to German data from December 1940, there were 1,158 Poles (including 135 Polish Jews) in Luxembourg. The Germans brought Poles from Poland to forced labour in occupied-Luxembourg, whereas Luxembourgers, alike Poles, were imprisoned in concentration camps and forced labour camps in various locations, including Żabikowo, Lubiąż, Słońsk, Jelenia Góra, Krzaczyna and Wojanów, and many died or were murdered there. During the Holocaust, the first deportation of Luxembourgish Jews to the Łódź Ghetto in occupied Poland was conducted by the Germans in 1941. In 1942, Polish Jews from Luxembourg were deported to extermination camps. After the Liberation of Luxembourg, there were some 2,000 Poles in the Luxembourg, including 600 displaced persons (excluding the military). During the war, Poland lost 16.5% of its population and Luxembourg 2.8%. After the war, in September 1945, Joseph Bech, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg, visited Warsaw and an agreement was signed to repatriate Poles from Luxembourg to Poland, and Luxembourgers from Poland to Luxembourg. Repatriation took place in the following years. In 1990, a cultural and scientific cooperation treaty was signed. In 1995, a double tax avoidance agreement was signed between the two countries. In 2015, Grand Duke Henri and Prime Minister Xavier Bettel visited the former Nazi German forced labour camp in Słońsk, and in 2016, Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg and his wife Stéphanie visited Lubiąż. In 2014, the total trade turnover between the two countries was €490.3 million, and by 2019 it grew to €845.4 million. In 2019, the Polish-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce was founded.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Luxembourg–Poland relations are bilateral relations between Luxembourg and Poland. Relations focus on trade and cultural and scientific cooperation. Both nations are full members of the European Union, NATO, OECD, OSCE, Council of Europe, World Trade Organization and United Nations.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Despite the considerable difference in area and population, there are several similarities between Luxembourg and Poland. Both Luxembourg and Poland were established almost simultaneously in the 960s, and both are traditionally predominantly Catholic by confession. In the Late Middle Ages, the ruling houses of both states rose to great power in Europe. In 1310 John the Blind of the House of Luxembourg secured the Bohemian throne and attempted to achieve the Polish throne, however, he became only a titular King of Poland. The Polish Jagiellonian dynasty soon rose to similar prominence and also managed to place its members on the throne of the Kingdom of Bohemia (in addition to Hungary). At that time, Luxembourg fell under foreign rule, a fate shared by Poland in the 18th century. Luxembourg eventually regained independence in 1867, and Poland in 1918, although neither nation has recovered all of its former territories, lost in the Partitions of Luxembourg and Partitions of Poland, respectively. First Poles migrated to Luxembourg, mostly from the Prussian and Austrian partitions of Poland, at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1921, bilateral relations were established, and a consulate of Poland was opened in Luxembourg City. In 1922, a trade treaty was signed. Immigration of Poles to Luxembourg increased, mainly those forced to leave Westphalia and Rhineland, while some came from Belgium, France and Poland. In the mid-1920s, there were 5,000 Poles in Luxembourg, however, by 1939 the number dropped to 3,750.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "During World War II, Poland and Luxembourg were both invaded and occupied by Germany, in 1939 and 1940, respectively. Both countries were subjected to Germanisation policies. Many Poles from Luxembourg joined the Polish Armed Forces in the West to fight against Germany, whereas some attempted to return to Poland, but many of them were captured by the Germans and sent to forced labour. According to German data from December 1940, there were 1,158 Poles (including 135 Polish Jews) in Luxembourg.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The Germans brought Poles from Poland to forced labour in occupied-Luxembourg, whereas Luxembourgers, alike Poles, were imprisoned in concentration camps and forced labour camps in various locations, including Żabikowo, Lubiąż, Słońsk, Jelenia Góra, Krzaczyna and Wojanów, and many died or were murdered there. During the Holocaust, the first deportation of Luxembourgish Jews to the Łódź Ghetto in occupied Poland was conducted by the Germans in 1941. In 1942, Polish Jews from Luxembourg were deported to extermination camps. After the Liberation of Luxembourg, there were some 2,000 Poles in the Luxembourg, including 600 displaced persons (excluding the military). During the war, Poland lost 16.5% of its population and Luxembourg 2.8%.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "After the war, in September 1945, Joseph Bech, Minister for Foreign Affairs of Luxembourg, visited Warsaw and an agreement was signed to repatriate Poles from Luxembourg to Poland, and Luxembourgers from Poland to Luxembourg. Repatriation took place in the following years.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1990, a cultural and scientific cooperation treaty was signed. In 1995, a double tax avoidance agreement was signed between the two countries.", "title": "Modern relations" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 2015, Grand Duke Henri and Prime Minister Xavier Bettel visited the former Nazi German forced labour camp in Słońsk, and in 2016, Guillaume, Hereditary Grand Duke of Luxembourg and his wife Stéphanie visited Lubiąż.", "title": "Modern relations" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2014, the total trade turnover between the two countries was €490.3 million, and by 2019 it grew to €845.4 million. In 2019, the Polish-Luxembourg Chamber of Commerce was founded.", "title": "Economy" } ]	Luxembourg–Poland relations are bilateral relations between Luxembourg and Poland. Relations focus on trade and cultural and scientific cooperation. Both nations are full members of the European Union, NATO, OECD, OSCE, Council of Europe, World Trade Organization and United Nations.	2023-12-08T19:16:12Z	2023-12-10T07:18:17Z	[ "Template:Cite magazine", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Infobox bilateral relations", "Template:Sfn", "Template:Multiple image", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite Polish law", "Template:Portal bar", "Template:Orphan", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Foreign relations of Luxembourg", "Template:Foreign relations of Poland" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luxembourg%E2%80%93Poland_relations
75,518,050	2011 Herefordshire Council election	Elections to Herefordshire Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 58 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control. For the first time, Herefordshire Council used the social media platform Twitter to tweet the election results.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elections to Herefordshire Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 58 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "For the first time, Herefordshire Council used the social media platform Twitter to tweet the election results.", "title": "Conduct" } ]	Elections to Herefordshire Council were held on 5 May 2011, alongside other local elections across the United Kingdom. All 58 seats on the council were up for election. Following the election the council remained under Conservative control.	2023-12-08T19:22:01Z	2023-12-27T18:48:02Z	[ "Template:Herefordshire elections", "Template:United Kingdom local elections, 2011", "Template:UK-election-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Decrease", "Template:No change", "Template:Increase", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Herefordshire_Council_election
75,518,051	Thomas A. Herring	Thomas A. Herring (born 17 July 1955 in Cooroy, Queensland, Australia) is a geophysicist, known for developing and applying systems of space geodesy to high-precision geophysical measurements and geodynamic research. At the University of Queensland, Herring graduated in surveying with a bachelor's degree in 1976 and a master's degree in 1978. At Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he graduated in 1983 with a Ph.D. in Earth and Planetary Sciences. His Ph.D. thesis entitled The precision and accuracy of intercontinental distance determinations using radio interferometry was supervised by Irwin I. Shapiro. Herring was from 1979 to 1983 a research assistant in MIT's Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and from 1983 to 1989 a research associate at Harvard University. At MIT, he was from 1989 to 1997 an associate professor in the department of Earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences and is since 1997 a professor of geophysics. In 1986 he was a visiting scientist in the Division of National Mapping of the Australian Department of Energy and Resources. Herring is one of the pioneers of using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) for centimeter-precision measurements of intercontinental distances and several other geophysical applications. Using VLBI, he and his colleagues published conclusive, high-precision evidence of tectonic plate motions. As part of a four-member team, Herring used VLBI data to publish an empirical nutation model, which was used by the International Earth Rotation Service for a considerable time. In 2002, the Mathews-Herring-Buffett transfer function was introduced for determining the Free Core Nutation (FCN) resonance from VLBI observation of nutation, thus significantly improving the accuracy of determining important properties of the Earth's core. Herring was among the pioneers who used the global positioning system (GPS) for better understanding of geodynamics, including highly accurate measurements of variations of the rate of Earth's rotation. He has used GPS, VLBI, and InSar in his research on atmospheric water vapor. In earthquake research, he has been a member of teams that used GPS and VLBI data to determine velocity fields for crustal deformations in southern and central California. In 2012 he was the principal investigator for a project on reservoir modeling. Herring and his colleagues at MIT have developed computer software that uses Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data to analyze GNSS measurements, primarily for the purpose of studying deformations in the Earth's crust. The software GAMIT/GLOBK (GNSS At MIT/Global Kalman filter) was developed at MIT. GAMIT accepts phase data and returns estimates of "three-dimensional relative positions of ground stations and satellite orbits, atmospheric zenith delays, and Earth orientation parameters." GLOBK accepts as input computed derivations from "GPS, VLBI, and SLR experiments" and, by means of a Kalman filter algorithm, gives output consisting of statistical estimates from various combinations of such derivations. GAMIT/GLOBK requires a basic Unix- or Linux-based operating system, as well as several software prerequisites. Herring is the author or co-author of more than 80 scientific publications. He has served as a member of many scientific working groups, panels, and committees. From 1994 to 1996 he served on the editorial board of the Journal of Geodynamics. He was an associate editor from 1989 to 1992 for the Journal of Geophysical Research, from 1994 to 1996 the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, and from 1999 to 2009 for the Journal of Geodesy. Herring received in 1991 the Macelwane Medal from the American Geophysical Union (AGU), of which he is a Fellow. In 1992 he gave the AGU's Francis Birch Lecture. He received in 1995 the Bomford Prize of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). and in 2007 the Vening Meinesz Medal of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). He was elected a Fellow in 1999 of the IAG and in 2013 of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Thomas A. Herring (born 17 July 1955 in Cooroy, Queensland, Australia) is a geophysicist, known for developing and applying systems of space geodesy to high-precision geophysical measurements and geodynamic research.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "At the University of Queensland, Herring graduated in surveying with a bachelor's degree in 1976 and a master's degree in 1978. At Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), he graduated in 1983 with a Ph.D. in Earth and Planetary Sciences. His Ph.D. thesis entitled The precision and accuracy of intercontinental distance determinations using radio interferometry was supervised by Irwin I. Shapiro. Herring was from 1979 to 1983 a research assistant in MIT's Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and from 1983 to 1989 a research associate at Harvard University. At MIT, he was from 1989 to 1997 an associate professor in the department of Earth, atmospheric, and planetary sciences and is since 1997 a professor of geophysics. In 1986 he was a visiting scientist in the Division of National Mapping of the Australian Department of Energy and Resources.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Herring is one of the pioneers of using very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI) for centimeter-precision measurements of intercontinental distances and several other geophysical applications. Using VLBI, he and his colleagues published conclusive, high-precision evidence of tectonic plate motions. As part of a four-member team, Herring used VLBI data to publish an empirical nutation model, which was used by the International Earth Rotation Service for a considerable time. In 2002, the Mathews-Herring-Buffett transfer function was introduced for determining the Free Core Nutation (FCN) resonance from VLBI observation of nutation, thus significantly improving the accuracy of determining important properties of the Earth's core. Herring was among the pioneers who used the global positioning system (GPS) for better understanding of geodynamics, including highly accurate measurements of variations of the rate of Earth's rotation. He has used GPS, VLBI, and InSar in his research on atmospheric water vapor. In earthquake research, he has been a member of teams that used GPS and VLBI data to determine velocity fields for crustal deformations in southern and central California. In 2012 he was the principal investigator for a project on reservoir modeling.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Herring and his colleagues at MIT have developed computer software that uses Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) data to analyze GNSS measurements, primarily for the purpose of studying deformations in the Earth's crust. The software GAMIT/GLOBK (GNSS At MIT/Global Kalman filter) was developed at MIT. GAMIT accepts phase data and returns estimates of \"three-dimensional relative positions of ground stations and satellite orbits, atmospheric zenith delays, and Earth orientation parameters.\" GLOBK accepts as input computed derivations from \"GPS, VLBI, and SLR experiments\" and, by means of a Kalman filter algorithm, gives output consisting of statistical estimates from various combinations of such derivations. GAMIT/GLOBK requires a basic Unix- or Linux-based operating system, as well as several software prerequisites.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Herring is the author or co-author of more than 80 scientific publications. He has served as a member of many scientific working groups, panels, and committees. From 1994 to 1996 he served on the editorial board of the Journal of Geodynamics. He was an associate editor from 1989 to 1992 for the Journal of Geophysical Research, from 1994 to 1996 the Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, and from 1999 to 2009 for the Journal of Geodesy.", "title": "Education and career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Herring received in 1991 the Macelwane Medal from the American Geophysical Union (AGU), of which he is a Fellow. In 1992 he gave the AGU's Francis Birch Lecture. He received in 1995 the Bomford Prize of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG). and in 2007 the Vening Meinesz Medal of the European Geosciences Union (EGU). He was elected a Fellow in 1999 of the IAG and in 2013 of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).", "title": "Education and career" } ]	Thomas A. Herring is a geophysicist, known for developing and applying systems of space geodesy to high-precision geophysical measurements and geodynamic research.	2023-12-08T19:22:18Z	2023-12-11T08:35:18Z	[ "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite thesis", "Template:Authority control" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_A._Herring
75,518,080	Sama River (Peru)	Sama River is a river on the Pacific slope, located on the southern coast of Peru, in the department of Tacna. It is born in the Cotanvilque lagoon located in the Andean peaks south of the western mountain range of the Peruvian Andes in the province of Tarata, between the Contanvilque and Cauchina hills, and runs from east to west crossing the coastal desert of Peru to its mouth in the Mar de Grau, located in the province of Tacna. It receives its name from the confluence of the Salado and Tala rivers, and in its upper basin is the Jarumas reservoir. Historically, from 1883 to 1929, the Sama River was temporarily set as the political boundary between Peru and Chile after the War of the Pacific with the Treaty of Ancón. The Sama River has a length of 164 km from its source and its basin has an area of 4,738 km², covering the provinces of Tarata and Tacna in the department of Tacna. The Sama River basin is bordered to the north by the Locumba River basin, to the east by the Maure River basin, to the south by the Caplina River basin and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Sama River is a river on the Pacific slope, located on the southern coast of Peru, in the department of Tacna. It is born in the Cotanvilque lagoon located in the Andean peaks south of the western mountain range of the Peruvian Andes in the province of Tarata, between the Contanvilque and Cauchina hills, and runs from east to west crossing the coastal desert of Peru to its mouth in the Mar de Grau, located in the province of Tacna.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It receives its name from the confluence of the Salado and Tala rivers, and in its upper basin is the Jarumas reservoir.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Historically, from 1883 to 1929, the Sama River was temporarily set as the political boundary between Peru and Chile after the War of the Pacific with the Treaty of Ancón.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The Sama River has a length of 164 km from its source and its basin has an area of 4,738 km², covering the provinces of Tarata and Tacna in the department of Tacna. The Sama River basin is bordered to the north by the Locumba River basin, to the east by the Maure River basin, to the south by the Caplina River basin and to the west by the Pacific Ocean.", "title": "Basin" } ]	Sama River is a river on the Pacific slope, located on the southern coast of Peru, in the department of Tacna. It is born in the Cotanvilque lagoon located in the Andean peaks south of the western mountain range of the Peruvian Andes in the province of Tarata, between the Contanvilque and Cauchina hills, and runs from east to west crossing the coastal desert of Peru to its mouth in the Mar de Grau, located in the province of Tacna.	2023-12-08T19:27:44Z	2023-12-08T21:45:15Z	[ "Template:Infobox body of water", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Short description" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sama_River_(Peru)
75,518,111	2023 FIFA Club World Cup squads	Below is a list of the 2023 FIFA Club World Cup squads. Each team had to name a 23-man squad (three of whom had to be goalkeepers). Injury replacements were allowed until 24 hours before the team's first match. Manager: Marcel Koller Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Manager: Marcelo Gallardo Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Manager: Albert Riera Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Manager: Nicolás Larcamón Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Manager: Fernando Diniz Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Manager: Pep Guardiola Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality. Manager: Maciej Skorża Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Below is a list of the 2023 FIFA Club World Cup squads. Each team had to name a 23-man squad (three of whom had to be goalkeepers). Injury replacements were allowed until 24 hours before the team's first match.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Manager: Marcel Koller", "title": "Al Ahly" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Al Ahly" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Manager: Marcelo Gallardo", "title": "Al-Ittihad" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Al-Ittihad" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Manager: Albert Riera", "title": "Auckland City" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Auckland City" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Manager: Nicolás Larcamón", "title": "León" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "León" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Manager: Fernando Diniz", "title": "Fluminense" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Fluminense" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "Manager: Pep Guardiola", "title": "Manchester City" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Manchester City" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "Manager: Maciej Skorża", "title": "Urawa Red Diamonds" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.", "title": "Urawa Red Diamonds" } ]	Below is a list of the 2023 FIFA Club World Cup squads. Each team had to name a 23-man squad. Injury replacements were allowed until 24 hours before the team's first match.	2023-12-08T19:31:58Z	2023-12-19T17:29:19Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:FIFA Club World Cup", "Template:Short description", "Template:Fs start", "Template:Fs player", "Template:Fs mid", "Template:Multiple issues", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Fs end" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_FIFA_Club_World_Cup_squads
75,518,124	Thirty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution (The Family) Bill 2023	The Thirty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution (The Family) Bill 2023 (bill no. 91 of 2023) is a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Ireland to expand the definition of the family. The government intends to hold a referendum on the amendment on 8 March 2024, as well as a referendum on the Fortieth Amendment of the Constitution (Care) Bill 2023. The bill was introduced by the Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth on 8 December 2023. If enacted, the bill would amend two provisions of the Constitution. Article 41.1.1° would be amended by the addition of the text in bold: Article 41.3.1° currently reads: If the Fortieth Amendment of the Constitution (Care) Bill 2023 is also enacted, this provision will be renumbered as Article 41.2.1°. Under the Thirty-ninth Amendment, the following text would be substituted for this subsection:	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Thirty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution (The Family) Bill 2023 (bill no. 91 of 2023) is a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Ireland to expand the definition of the family. The government intends to hold a referendum on the amendment on 8 March 2024, as well as a referendum on the Fortieth Amendment of the Constitution (Care) Bill 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The bill was introduced by the Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth on 8 December 2023.", "title": "Wording" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "If enacted, the bill would amend two provisions of the Constitution.", "title": "Wording" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Article 41.1.1° would be amended by the addition of the text in bold:", "title": "Wording" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Article 41.3.1° currently reads:", "title": "Wording" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "If the Fortieth Amendment of the Constitution (Care) Bill 2023 is also enacted, this provision will be renumbered as Article 41.2.1°. Under the Thirty-ninth Amendment, the following text would be substituted for this subsection:", "title": "Wording" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]	The Thirty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2023 is a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Ireland to expand the definition of the family. The government intends to hold a referendum on the amendment on 8 March 2024, as well as a referendum on the Fortieth Amendment of the Constitution (Care) Bill 2023.	2023-12-08T19:34:41Z	2023-12-23T13:20:23Z	[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Amendments of the Constitution of Ireland", "Template:Ireland-politics-stub", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use Hiberno-English", "Template:Quote frame", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Ireland-law-stub" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirty-ninth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_(The_Family)_Bill_2023
75,518,127	Bivesh Gurung	Bivesh Gurung (born 1 July 2001) is an English footballer currently playing as a midfielder for English side Maidstone United. Gurung was born in Maidstone, Kent to Nepalese parents, Bhupal and Sanu, from the Khotang District. Having first played football at his school, Gurung joined the academy of Maidstone United at the age of fourteen in 2015. After eighteen months with the club's academy, he moved to Premier League side Crystal Palace, after five months of trialling. After two years in the academy of Crystal Palace, he moved to Norway in 2019, joining Trysil, where he went on to score four times in thirteen Norwegian Fourth Division appearances. He remained in Scandinavia for the following season, joining Swedish side Ytterhogdal. He scored twice in twelve league appearances for the side, including the only goal in a 1–0 win against Boden, but left the club at the end of 2020. On his return to England, he went on trial with Premier League side Chelsea, and was named on the bench for a friendly match against Brentford B, going on to feature briefly as a substitute. Having not been offered a contract by Chelsea, Gurung dropped down to the Isthmian League, joining Margate at the beginning of the 2021–22 season. After only seven league appearances, he was scouted and signed by former side Maidstone United, now in the National League South, but featured sparingly in his first season with the club as they achieved promotion to the National League. Despite starting the following season with more game time, including scoring his first goal for the club, he was sent on a one-month loan to National League South side Tonbridge Angels in January 2023, reuniting with former manager Jay Saunders, whom he had worked with at both Margate and Maidstone United. On his return to Maidstone United, he established himself in the first team squad, before extending his contract in May 2023, despite the club's relegation back to the National League South. The following season, having helped Maidstone United to a 2–0 win against Chesham United in the FA Cup first round proper, he was named as a starter in the club's second round match against League Two side Barrow. With the score at 1–1, Gurung received the ball on the edge of the area from Sam Bone, before driving a shot past Barrow goalkeeper Paul Farman into the top left-hand corner of the goal. The match-winning strike was later voted 'goal of the round', with Gurung crediting his mother for the goal, revealing that she had encouraged him to shoot more. Gurung describes himself as "a defensive midfielder, a bit like a deep-lying playmaker". During his second spell with Maidstone United, he was also utilised as a central defender.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bivesh Gurung (born 1 July 2001) is an English footballer currently playing as a midfielder for English side Maidstone United.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Gurung was born in Maidstone, Kent to Nepalese parents, Bhupal and Sanu, from the Khotang District.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Having first played football at his school, Gurung joined the academy of Maidstone United at the age of fourteen in 2015. After eighteen months with the club's academy, he moved to Premier League side Crystal Palace, after five months of trialling. After two years in the academy of Crystal Palace, he moved to Norway in 2019, joining Trysil, where he went on to score four times in thirteen Norwegian Fourth Division appearances.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "He remained in Scandinavia for the following season, joining Swedish side Ytterhogdal. He scored twice in twelve league appearances for the side, including the only goal in a 1–0 win against Boden, but left the club at the end of 2020. On his return to England, he went on trial with Premier League side Chelsea, and was named on the bench for a friendly match against Brentford B, going on to feature briefly as a substitute.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Having not been offered a contract by Chelsea, Gurung dropped down to the Isthmian League, joining Margate at the beginning of the 2021–22 season. After only seven league appearances, he was scouted and signed by former side Maidstone United, now in the National League South, but featured sparingly in his first season with the club as they achieved promotion to the National League. Despite starting the following season with more game time, including scoring his first goal for the club, he was sent on a one-month loan to National League South side Tonbridge Angels in January 2023, reuniting with former manager Jay Saunders, whom he had worked with at both Margate and Maidstone United.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On his return to Maidstone United, he established himself in the first team squad, before extending his contract in May 2023, despite the club's relegation back to the National League South. The following season, having helped Maidstone United to a 2–0 win against Chesham United in the FA Cup first round proper, he was named as a starter in the club's second round match against League Two side Barrow. With the score at 1–1, Gurung received the ball on the edge of the area from Sam Bone, before driving a shot past Barrow goalkeeper Paul Farman into the top left-hand corner of the goal. The match-winning strike was later voted 'goal of the round', with Gurung crediting his mother for the goal, revealing that she had encouraged him to shoot more.", "title": "Club career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Gurung describes himself as \"a defensive midfielder, a bit like a deep-lying playmaker\". During his second spell with Maidstone United, he was also utilised as a central defender.", "title": "Style of play" } ]	Bivesh Gurung is an English footballer currently playing as a midfielder for English side Maidstone United.	2023-12-08T19:35:13Z	2023-12-15T16:39:30Z	[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:NFF", "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:English football updater", "Template:Updated", "Template:Efn", "Template:Soccerway" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bivesh_Gurung
75,518,135	Fortieth Amendment of the Constitution (Care) Bill 2023	The Fortieth Amendment of the Constitution (Care) Bill 2023 (bill no. 92 of 2023) is a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Ireland to revise references to care within the family. The government intends to hold a referendum on the amendment on 8 March 2024, as well as a referendum on the Thirty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution (The Family) Bill 2023. The bill was introduced by the Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth on 8 December 2023. The amendment would repeal Article 41.2 of the Constitution, which provides: Article 41.3 and 41.4 would be renumbered as Article 41.2 and 41.3 respectively. A new article would be added to the Constitution:	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Fortieth Amendment of the Constitution (Care) Bill 2023 (bill no. 92 of 2023) is a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Ireland to revise references to care within the family. The government intends to hold a referendum on the amendment on 8 March 2024, as well as a referendum on the Thirty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution (The Family) Bill 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The bill was introduced by the Minister for Children, Equality, Disability, Integration and Youth on 8 December 2023.", "title": "Wording" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The amendment would repeal Article 41.2 of the Constitution, which provides:", "title": "Wording" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "", "title": "Wording" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Article 41.3 and 41.4 would be renumbered as Article 41.2 and 41.3 respectively.", "title": "Wording" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "A new article would be added to the Constitution:", "title": "Wording" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "", "title": "References" } ]	The Fortieth Amendment of the Constitution (Care) Bill 2023 is a proposed amendment to the Constitution of Ireland to revise references to care within the family. The government intends to hold a referendum on the amendment on 8 March 2024, as well as a referendum on the Thirty-ninth Amendment of the Constitution Bill 2023.	2023-12-08T19:36:32Z	2023-12-23T13:21:04Z	[ "Template:Ireland-law-stub", "Template:Infobox referendum", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Amendments of the Constitution of Ireland", "Template:Quote frame", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Ireland-politics-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Use Hiberno-English" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortieth_Amendment_of_the_Constitution_(Care)_Bill_2023
75,518,138	Dahlia Palmer	Dahlia Palmer is a Jamaican track cyclist who is based in Trinidad and Tobago. She won the women's elite sprint and keirin events at the 2022 Caribbean Track Championships. In 2023 she won the bronze medal at the keirin event of the Pan American Games.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Dahlia Palmer is a Jamaican track cyclist who is based in Trinidad and Tobago. She won the women's elite sprint and keirin events at the 2022 Caribbean Track Championships. In 2023 she won the bronze medal at the keirin event of the Pan American Games.", "title": "" } ]	Dahlia Palmer is a Jamaican track cyclist who is based in Trinidad and Tobago. She won the women's elite sprint and keirin events at the 2022 Caribbean Track Championships. In 2023 she won the bronze medal at the keirin event of the Pan American Games.	2023-12-08T19:37:03Z	2023-12-10T05:48:43Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahlia_Palmer
75,518,139	Serie A Coach of the Month	The Serie A Coach of the Month is an association football award that recognises the best Serie A head coach each month of the season. The award was introduced for the 2021–22 season. The first award was assigned to then Napoli manager Luciano Spalletti, who also won the award a record four times. Thiago Motta is the only manager to have won the award with two different clubs: Spezia and Bologna. Bologna is the only club that had two different managers win the award during their stay: Siniša Mihajlović and Thiago Motta. The award was given to 14 different coaches of which 12 were Italian, with the only foreign managers awarded being Siniša Mihajlović (Serbia) and José Mourinho (Portugal). Juventus manager Massimiliano Allegri is the current holder of the award. The following table lists the number of awards won by managers who have won at least two Coach of the Month awards. Managers in bold are still active in the Serie A.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Serie A Coach of the Month is an association football award that recognises the best Serie A head coach each month of the season. The award was introduced for the 2021–22 season.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The first award was assigned to then Napoli manager Luciano Spalletti, who also won the award a record four times. Thiago Motta is the only manager to have won the award with two different clubs: Spezia and Bologna. Bologna is the only club that had two different managers win the award during their stay: Siniša Mihajlović and Thiago Motta. The award was given to 14 different coaches of which 12 were Italian, with the only foreign managers awarded being Siniša Mihajlović (Serbia) and José Mourinho (Portugal).", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Juventus manager Massimiliano Allegri is the current holder of the award.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The following table lists the number of awards won by managers who have won at least two Coach of the Month awards.", "title": "Multiple winners" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Managers in bold are still active in the Serie A.", "title": "Multiple winners" } ]	The Serie A Coach of the Month is an association football award that recognises the best Serie A head coach each month of the season. The award was introduced for the 2021–22 season. The first award was assigned to then Napoli manager Luciano Spalletti, who also won the award a record four times. Thiago Motta is the only manager to have won the award with two different clubs: Spezia and Bologna. Bologna is the only club that had two different managers win the award during their stay: Siniša Mihajlović and Thiago Motta. The award was given to 14 different coaches of which 12 were Italian, with the only foreign managers awarded being Siniša Mihajlović (Serbia) and José Mourinho (Portugal). Juventus manager Massimiliano Allegri is the current holder of the award.	2023-12-08T19:37:20Z	2023-12-16T22:03:52Z	[ "Template:Serie A", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:Updated", "Template:Flagcountry", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Short description", "Template:Anchor", "Template:Nts" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serie_A_Coach_of_the_Month
75,518,140	Apollo Omphalos (Athens)	The Apollo Omphalos (Ancient Greek: Ἀπόλλων ἐπὶ τοῦ Ὀμφαλου) is an ancient Roman marble copy of a Greek original bronze sculpture in typical early Archaic period style, depicting Apollo, the Greek god of music, medicine, and prophecy. Today it is housed in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, in Greece. The sculpture was found in several fragments which were put together, and bears several signs of damage. It was found in the Theatre of Dionysus in the Acropolis in the year 1862, and dubbed "Apollo Omphalos" because it was thought to have originally stood on an omphalos-shaped base. It was found in multiple fragments that were then put up together. Its accession number in the NAMA is 45. The statue is made of pentelic marble, and is 1.76 m. tall (lifesize). Apollo Omphalos is nude, standing firmly on his right leg while the left one is relaxed, slightly bent at knee-height; the pose's strong contrapposto causes the god's buttocks to move to the right. His hair is aranged in thick and heavy tresses, with two braids tied around his head. The statue is a second century AD Roman copy of an original Greek bronze one that was produced around 460-450 BC, and attributed to either Kalamis or Onatas. Waldstein tried to argue that the original sculpture was produced by Pythagoras of Rhegium, but this has been rejected. The art movement it copies is the Archaic Greek art, which one can tell from Apollo's haircut, his stiff pose, the wide shoulders, the smaller head, and his face's rather vacant expression; nevertheless the body's composition shows the great knowledge and perception of nature of its artist. The statue was found in a fragmentary condition; the feet from the ankles down, the arms below the elbows, the nose and the mouth are all broken and missing, while parts of the thighs and left upper arm had to be restored.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Apollo Omphalos (Ancient Greek: Ἀπόλλων ἐπὶ τοῦ Ὀμφαλου) is an ancient Roman marble copy of a Greek original bronze sculpture in typical early Archaic period style, depicting Apollo, the Greek god of music, medicine, and prophecy. Today it is housed in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, in Greece. The sculpture was found in several fragments which were put together, and bears several signs of damage.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It was found in the Theatre of Dionysus in the Acropolis in the year 1862, and dubbed \"Apollo Omphalos\" because it was thought to have originally stood on an omphalos-shaped base. It was found in multiple fragments that were then put up together. Its accession number in the NAMA is 45.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The statue is made of pentelic marble, and is 1.76 m. tall (lifesize).", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Apollo Omphalos is nude, standing firmly on his right leg while the left one is relaxed, slightly bent at knee-height; the pose's strong contrapposto causes the god's buttocks to move to the right. His hair is aranged in thick and heavy tresses, with two braids tied around his head. The statue is a second century AD Roman copy of an original Greek bronze one that was produced around 460-450 BC, and attributed to either Kalamis or Onatas. Waldstein tried to argue that the original sculpture was produced by Pythagoras of Rhegium, but this has been rejected.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The art movement it copies is the Archaic Greek art, which one can tell from Apollo's haircut, his stiff pose, the wide shoulders, the smaller head, and his face's rather vacant expression; nevertheless the body's composition shows the great knowledge and perception of nature of its artist.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The statue was found in a fragmentary condition; the feet from the ankles down, the arms below the elbows, the nose and the mouth are all broken and missing, while parts of the thighs and left upper arm had to be restored.", "title": "Description" } ]	The Apollo Omphalos is an ancient Roman marble copy of a Greek original bronze sculpture in typical early Archaic period style, depicting Apollo, the Greek god of music, medicine, and prophecy. Today it is housed in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens, in Greece. The sculpture was found in several fragments which were put together, and bears several signs of damage.	2023-12-08T19:37:29Z	2023-12-09T10:15:56Z	[ "Template:Portal", "Template:Cite book", "Template:National Archaeological Museum of Athens", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox artwork", "Template:Sfn", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Lang-grc", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Commons category-inline" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apollo_Omphalos_(Athens)
75,518,145	Walter Craigie	Walter Willson Craigie (died March 3, 2016) was an American government official who served as Virginia Secretary of Finance in the cabinet of Linwood Holton. He was previously Virginia State Treasurer.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Walter Willson Craigie (died March 3, 2016) was an American government official who served as Virginia Secretary of Finance in the cabinet of Linwood Holton. He was previously Virginia State Treasurer.", "title": "" } ]	Walter Willson Craigie was an American government official who served as Virginia Secretary of Finance in the cabinet of Linwood Holton. He was previously Virginia State Treasurer.	2023-12-08T19:38:11Z	2023-12-31T06:22:02Z	[ "Template:Authority control", "Template:Virginia-politician-stub", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Infobox officeholder", "Template:Reflist" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Craigie
75,518,154	Crater chipmunk	The crater chipmunk (Neotamias cratericus) is a species of chipmunk native to the coniferous forests of southern Idaho, north of the Snake River Plain. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Neotamias amoenus. It is named after the Craters of the Moon National Monument, where the holotype of this species was first collected. This species averages around 21 cm (8.3 inches) long, with the tail being 9.7 cm (3.8 inches) of this length. This species resembles N. amoenus, but is overall slightly darker.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The crater chipmunk (Neotamias cratericus) is a species of chipmunk native to the coniferous forests of southern Idaho, north of the Snake River Plain. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Neotamias amoenus. It is named after the Craters of the Moon National Monument, where the holotype of this species was first collected.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "This species averages around 21 cm (8.3 inches) long, with the tail being 9.7 cm (3.8 inches) of this length. This species resembles N. amoenus, but is overall slightly darker.", "title": "Description" } ]	The crater chipmunk is a species of chipmunk native to the coniferous forests of southern Idaho, north of the Snake River Plain. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Neotamias amoenus. It is named after the Craters of the Moon National Monument, where the holotype of this species was first collected.	2023-12-08T19:39:24Z	2023-12-21T15:32:37Z	[ "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Ground-squirrel-stub" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crater_chipmunk
75,518,182	Annie Keeler	Annie Keeler (November 6, 1855 – March 6, 1927) was an American physician in Danbury, Connecticut at the turn of the 19th century. She was a prolific writer on the topics of medicine, Christianity, and temperance. Keeler was born on November 6, 1855, in Brooklyn, New York. Her parents were Halcyon Gilbert Bailey and Emily Keeler Bailey. Her parents moved to Ridgebury, Connecticut in 1862, when she was about 7. Her 5-year old brother Clayton died shortly after, in 1863. Her parents divorced in 1872 and Keeler remained with her mother and her mother's family. Keeler went to college at the Connecticut State Normal School (now Central Connecticut State University). She graduated from the Normal School as part of the class of 1876 and taught in Ridgebury, CT for a few years. In 1885 at age 30, Annie Keeler graduated from the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary. She practiced medicine for "nearly one year" at the New York Infirmary, then moved back to Western Connecticut in 1886. She set up a practice in Danbury, CT. She was one of the first three women physicians in that city. She taught at the Danbury Hospital Training School for Nurses for 11 years and, in 1892, was instrumental in the formation of the Danbury Graduate Nurses' association. Meetings were held in her home for years, until regular meeting rooms were obtained. In 1908, after both her parents had died, Keeler petitioned the Superior Court for a name change. At the time, she was known as "Annie Keeler Bailey" and she wished to drop her father's name to (as the newspapers put it) "free the honor of her mother's family from the taint arising from the name of her father". She said "Father was a man addicted to excessive dissipation, shocking immorality, and profanity. He was a disgrace to the family." Her petition was granted. In 1927, Keeler was struck by a vehicle while crossing the street at a crosswalk, a block from her home. She died of her injuries shortly afterward.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Annie Keeler (November 6, 1855 – March 6, 1927) was an American physician in Danbury, Connecticut at the turn of the 19th century. She was a prolific writer on the topics of medicine, Christianity, and temperance.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Keeler was born on November 6, 1855, in Brooklyn, New York. Her parents were Halcyon Gilbert Bailey and Emily Keeler Bailey. Her parents moved to Ridgebury, Connecticut in 1862, when she was about 7. Her 5-year old brother Clayton died shortly after, in 1863. Her parents divorced in 1872 and Keeler remained with her mother and her mother's family.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Keeler went to college at the Connecticut State Normal School (now Central Connecticut State University). She graduated from the Normal School as part of the class of 1876 and taught in Ridgebury, CT for a few years. In 1885 at age 30, Annie Keeler graduated from the Woman's Medical College of the New York Infirmary.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "She practiced medicine for \"nearly one year\" at the New York Infirmary, then moved back to Western Connecticut in 1886. She set up a practice in Danbury, CT. She was one of the first three women physicians in that city. She taught at the Danbury Hospital Training School for Nurses for 11 years and, in 1892, was instrumental in the formation of the Danbury Graduate Nurses' association. Meetings were held in her home for years, until regular meeting rooms were obtained.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1908, after both her parents had died, Keeler petitioned the Superior Court for a name change. At the time, she was known as \"Annie Keeler Bailey\" and she wished to drop her father's name to (as the newspapers put it) \"free the honor of her mother's family from the taint arising from the name of her father\". She said \"Father was a man addicted to excessive dissipation, shocking immorality, and profanity. He was a disgrace to the family.\" Her petition was granted.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1927, Keeler was struck by a vehicle while crossing the street at a crosswalk, a block from her home. She died of her injuries shortly afterward.", "title": "Death" } ]	Annie Keeler was an American physician in Danbury, Connecticut at the turn of the 19th century. She was a prolific writer on the topics of medicine, Christianity, and temperance.	2023-12-08T19:45:44Z	2023-12-28T20:46:40Z	[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Nbsp", "Template:Snd", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Free access", "Template:Short description" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie_Keeler
75,518,223	Hugo Castillo	Hugo Castillo may refer to:	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hugo Castillo may refer to:", "title": "" } ]	Hugo Castillo may refer to: Hugo Castillo, Argentine football forward Hugo Castillo, Peruvian football defensive midfielder	2023-12-08T19:54:03Z	2023-12-08T19:56:00Z	[ "Template:Hndis" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugo_Castillo
75,518,242	Robinson Grand Performing Arts Center	The Robinson Grand is a historic theater in Clarksburg, West Virginia Rehabilitated into a modern performing arts and education center with seating for 950, 200 guest ballroom, and classrooms. In 1913, the Robinson Grand Theater opened in downtown Clarksburg. This marked the beginning of a vibrant cultural hub that would serve residents of Harrison County, West Virginia and beyond. The Robinson Grand, a pioneer in its era, became the thirteenth theater in the United States to be equipped with sound technology in 1927. During its golden age, it hosted a diverse array of events, including movies, plays, wedding receptions, and even the prestigious Miss West Virginia Pageant. The theater was the brainchild of the Clarksburg Amusement Company, formed the previous year by several prominent figures: The Robinson brothers, Claude and Rube, were not new to the world of theater. Claude's journey began in Louisville, Kentucky, where he worked his way up from selling programs to managing prestigious theaters in New York City. Rube, initially based in Clarksburg, recognized the city's need for a premier entertainment venue after a fire destroyed the Grand Opera House. He convinced Claude to invest in his vision, leading to the creation of the Robinson Grand. With Claude's leadership and extensive experience, the Robinson Grand quickly became a thriving hub for Clarksburg's cultural life. Rube, meanwhile, shifted his focus to his successful advertising business, leaving Claude to manage the theater's operations. The original 1913 theater structure stood proudly, with its entrance 72 feet from the street and a covered walkway leading to its welcoming doors. Designed by Robert Lafferty, president of the Clarksburg Amusement Company, and Ernest C. S. Holmboe, the architect, the theater's architectural style was heavily influenced by the then-existing George M. Cohan's Theatre in New York City. The Robinson brothers, Claude and Reuben, played a key role in the design, advocating for a large stage to accommodate future expansion possibilities. A surviving photograph reveals a grand entryway with a distinctive segmented arch parapet, adorned with globe lights and a marquee showcasing current shows. Flanking the entrance were a ticket booth and a wall adorned with poster displays, inviting passersby to enter the world of entertainment. The inaugural performance at the Robinson Grand, on February 7, 1913, was a grand affair featuring the talented Frances Starr in "The Case of Becky." As part of the renowned Keith-Albee Vaudeville circuit, the theater welcomed legendary acts like ventriloquist Edgar Bergen with Charlie, Jack Benny, and Amos and Andy, captivating audiences for years to come. In 1927, the Robinson Grand underwent a significant expansion and remodel under the skillful guidance of architect Ernest C. S. Holmboe. This momentous year also marked the theater's entry into the exciting world of "talkies", becoming the 13th movie theater in the nation to embrace sound technology. Claude Robinson's close friendship with Albert Warner of Warner Bros. played a vital role in securing early access to this groundbreaking technology. Local media meticulously documented the transformed theater, detailing everything from the vibrant colors of the restrooms to the meticulously designed acoustics and the spacious seating arrangements. The building's footprint expanded to encompass the entire lot, welcoming visitors with a grand canopy marquee proudly displaying "Keith Grand/ Vaudeville/Feature Pictures." This expansion also resulted in a significant increase in seating capacity, accommodating 1,500 patrons compared to the original 1,000. The Neo-Gothic architectural style dominated the exterior, showcasing a prominent trio of Gothic arched windows above the marquee and a mesmerizing vertical buttress effect achieved through terra cotta pilasters and finials. At ground level, the main entrance captivated with a wide Tudor arch, adorned with intricate terra cotta details that included trefoil arches, foliage panels, and coffers. Narrow window panes framed by Moorish arch frames gracefully spanned the storefront transoms, adding to the overall architectural grandeur. Stepping inside the 1927 Robinson Grand was an immersive experience, reflecting the popular trend of elaborately themed "atmospheric" theaters. While it lacked the characteristic starry sky ceiling, the interior was lavishly decorated in a captivating 9th century English garden theme. Murals painted throughout the space depicted stone walls, lush greenery, rolling hills, and distant castles, transporting audiences to a magical world. J.H. Wickstead and William G. Schulte, talented interior decorators from Louisville, Kentucky, were responsible for this enchanting transformation. Unfortunately, information regarding their lives beyond their profession and location remains scarce. The mezzanine level housed a charming "Old English" lounge, reminiscent of cozy manor house rooms. A large wood-burning fireplace, a family crest, and rose and green plasterwork adorned the walls, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere. Newspaper descriptions also mentioned a "decorative work made to resemble a huge log" overlooking the lobby, adorned with welcoming flowers that "nodded" to patrons below. Although still associated with the Keith vaudeville circuit, the late 1920s witnessed a shift in focus, with vaudeville acts evolving into interludes between the main attraction: captivating motion pictures. the Robinson Grand faced tragedy on May 31, 1939, when a fire erupted on its roof. The flames, believed to have originated from an air-conditioning repairman's torch, swiftly spread due to dry weather conditions. While the fire ravaged the stage and auditorium, the façade and front portion of the building miraculously remained largely intact. Undeterred, Claude Robinson made a bold promise to the residents of Clarksburg: he would rebuild the theater, making it the most modern in the state. In a remarkable display of resilience and dedication, the Robinson Grand reopened its doors on December 24, 1939, less than seven months after the fire. This "Christmas gift to Clarksburg," as the theater proudly proclaimed, was met with resounding praise and congratulatory ad campaigns from the involved contractors and suppliers. The 1939 reconstruction, which stands today, preserved the original 1927 façade while introducing a completely new stage and auditorium designed in the Streamline Moderne style, under the guidance of architect Edward J. Wood. The interior embraced flowing, curvilinear walls adorned with a light-stained wood veneer. Large curved pilasters flanking the proscenium visually extended to the front of the house through an angled recessed wall, creating a sense of continuity. Similar vertical elements were used throughout the lobby for aesthetic coherence. The balcony, another striking architectural element, featured a solid railing with curved steps at both the top and bottom, clearly delineating the changing levels. The mezzanine offered an open view into the lobby below, illuminated by a large, modern circular chandelier reminiscent of a 1930s microphone. Throughout the auditorium and public spaces, uplights strategically placed in circular recessed ceilings bathed the spaces in soft, reflected light. The Robinson Grand remained a vibrant hub for moviegoers throughout the 1980s, further solidifying its place in the community's heart. Locals fondly recall watching popular films on its iconic screen, with prices ranging from a mere 17 cents to 25 cents. Many also cherish memories of their first jobs at the theater, whether as ticket takers, ushers, cleaners, or painters. The magic of the Robinson Grand extended far beyond the silver screen, serving as a stage for local plays, concerts, and dance recitals. A glimpse into the Facebook page "You know you're from Clarksburg, WV when..." reveals a treasure trove of memories and anecdotes, showcasing the theater's profound impact on generations of residents. Facing competition from suburban multiplexes by the 1980s, the Robinson Grand entered a new chapter. James LaRosa purchased the building in 1984, remodeling the interior and renaming it the Rose Garden Theater. Traces of this era are still evident today, with original wallpaper adorning the lobby, mezzanine, and restrooms, the enclosed mezzanine overlook, and mirrored panels adding a touch of elegance to the lobby. However, the theater's usage gradually declined, ultimately leading to it closing and a period of vacancy. Claude Robinson, the beloved proprietor of the Robinson Grand for decades, was a cherished figure in the community. His passing in 1948 deeply saddened many, with the local newspaper editorial aptly describing him as "one of the most popular" and "best-known, best-liked theatrical man" the region had ever seen. Claude left the control of the theater to his daughter Dorthy Robinson Lang. Another notable figures who left their mark on the theater's history was Marge Stout Douds, a devoted employee who began working there in the 1920s through the 1970s and eventually became the majority owner because of her long service to the Robinson Family. Dorthy Robinson Lang, the daughter of Claude Robinson left 51% of the ownership to Douds in her will stating "In recognition of her long faithful service to my father during his lifetime and to me following his death. The remainder 49% was split between her husband Harry Lang and her cousin Richard R. Robinson. Stuart Felts was a longtime usher fondly remembered by many. James LaRosa purchased the building in 1984, remodeling the interior and renaming it the Rose Garden Theater. In 2014, the City of Clarksburg took ownership of the historic structure, embarking on a comprehensive planning process to envision a compatible new life for the theater. This landmark building forms part of the Downtown Clarksburg National Register Historic District. Through a collaborative public-private partnership, the city joined forces with The Cultural Foundation of Harrison County and other regional stakeholders to revitalize the theater into a vibrant performing arts center. This ambitious project commenced in January 2017, culminating in the grand opening of the Robinson Grand Performing Arts Center in October 2018. The Robinson Grand Performing Arts Center has undergone a meticulous restoration project, breathing new life into this historic landmark while preserving its cultural significance. With careful attention to detail, the project restored the exterior, including the iconic windows, and added a dazzling new marquee featuring LED lighting and video display capabilities. Stepping inside, one is greeted by a breathtaking lobby where the original chandeliers, terrazzo flooring, water fountains, and grand staircases have been meticulously restored. Even the coved plaster ceilings and antique air diffusers in the performance hall have been preserved and enhanced with indirect lighting, showcasing their timeless beauty. The project struck a remarkable balance between honoring the past and embracing the future. The grand proscenium design, stage, and ballroom remain untouched, along with the original flooring and decorative glass displays, ensuring the building's unique character continues to shine. Beyond preserving the existing structure, the project also added modern amenities to enhance the experience for all. Two new wings house a spacious concession area, expanded restrooms, and convenient green room/dressing rooms with direct stage access. Additionally, the basement level now boasts improved drainage and a dedicated orchestra green room. This transformative renovation has resulted in a performance hall that comfortably accommodates nearly 1,000 patrons. The second floor features a versatile educational center, equipped with a prep-kitchen, a circular bar, and lounge areas, creating a welcoming space for events of all kinds. The Robinson Grand stands as a testament to the power of historical preservation and thoughtful modernization. Through this remarkable project, this cultural hub is poised to continue inspiring and enriching the community for generations to come. The total cost of the project to restore the theater was around 20 million dollars which caused a large controversy among opponents of the project. Under the leadership of Mayor Cathy Goings, the city council, and City Manager Martin Howe a large portion of the expense was paid through a combination of donations, grants, tax credits, and other public and private sources. The city also created a 1% sales tax to support this project and other projects related to economic development which was another source of criticism. A general summary of that funding is provided below. The grand reopening on October 20, 2018 was a momentous occasion for the community, attracting a large crowd eager to experience the revitalized theater. The ceremony featured music, speeches, performances by the The Guess Who & Comedian Jay Leno, highlighting the Robinson Grand's historical significance and its continued importance as a cultural hub. The successful renovation project has ensured the Robinson Grand's continued relevance as a vibrant performing arts center. The theater now boasts a modern and comfortable environment while preserving its historic charm. It hosts a diverse range of events, including concerts, plays, musicals, and dance performances, enriching the cultural landscape of Clarksburg and beyond. ==	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Robinson Grand is a historic theater in Clarksburg, West Virginia Rehabilitated into a modern performing arts and education center with seating for 950, 200 guest ballroom, and classrooms. In 1913, the Robinson Grand Theater opened in downtown Clarksburg. This marked the beginning of a vibrant cultural hub that would serve residents of Harrison County, West Virginia and beyond. The Robinson Grand, a pioneer in its era, became the thirteenth theater in the United States to be equipped with sound technology in 1927. During its golden age, it hosted a diverse array of events, including movies, plays, wedding receptions, and even the prestigious Miss West Virginia Pageant.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The theater was the brainchild of the Clarksburg Amusement Company, formed the previous year by several prominent figures:", "title": "Opening and Founders" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Robinson brothers, Claude and Rube, were not new to the world of theater. Claude's journey began in Louisville, Kentucky, where he worked his way up from selling programs to managing prestigious theaters in New York City. Rube, initially based in Clarksburg, recognized the city's need for a premier entertainment venue after a fire destroyed the Grand Opera House. He convinced Claude to invest in his vision, leading to the creation of the Robinson Grand. With Claude's leadership and extensive experience, the Robinson Grand quickly became a thriving hub for Clarksburg's cultural life. Rube, meanwhile, shifted his focus to his successful advertising business, leaving Claude to manage the theater's operations.", "title": "Opening and Founders" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The original 1913 theater structure stood proudly, with its entrance 72 feet from the street and a covered walkway leading to its welcoming doors. Designed by Robert Lafferty, president of the Clarksburg Amusement Company, and Ernest C. S. Holmboe, the architect, the theater's architectural style was heavily influenced by the then-existing George M. Cohan's Theatre in New York City.", "title": "Original design and early history" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The Robinson brothers, Claude and Reuben, played a key role in the design, advocating for a large stage to accommodate future expansion possibilities. A surviving photograph reveals a grand entryway with a distinctive segmented arch parapet, adorned with globe lights and a marquee showcasing current shows. Flanking the entrance were a ticket booth and a wall adorned with poster displays, inviting passersby to enter the world of entertainment.", "title": "Original design and early history" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The inaugural performance at the Robinson Grand, on February 7, 1913, was a grand affair featuring the talented Frances Starr in \"The Case of Becky.\" As part of the renowned Keith-Albee Vaudeville circuit, the theater welcomed legendary acts like ventriloquist Edgar Bergen with Charlie, Jack Benny, and Amos and Andy, captivating audiences for years to come.", "title": "Original design and early history" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In 1927, the Robinson Grand underwent a significant expansion and remodel under the skillful guidance of architect Ernest C. S. Holmboe. This momentous year also marked the theater's entry into the exciting world of \"talkies\", becoming the 13th movie theater in the nation to embrace sound technology. Claude Robinson's close friendship with Albert Warner of Warner Bros. played a vital role in securing early access to this groundbreaking technology.", "title": "1927 Remodel" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Local media meticulously documented the transformed theater, detailing everything from the vibrant colors of the restrooms to the meticulously designed acoustics and the spacious seating arrangements. The building's footprint expanded to encompass the entire lot, welcoming visitors with a grand canopy marquee proudly displaying \"Keith Grand/ Vaudeville/Feature Pictures.\" This expansion also resulted in a significant increase in seating capacity, accommodating 1,500 patrons compared to the original 1,000. The Neo-Gothic architectural style dominated the exterior, showcasing a prominent trio of Gothic arched windows above the marquee and a mesmerizing vertical buttress effect achieved through terra cotta pilasters and finials. At ground level, the main entrance captivated with a wide Tudor arch, adorned with intricate terra cotta details that included trefoil arches, foliage panels, and coffers. Narrow window panes framed by Moorish arch frames gracefully spanned the storefront transoms, adding to the overall architectural grandeur.", "title": "1927 Remodel" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Stepping inside the 1927 Robinson Grand was an immersive experience, reflecting the popular trend of elaborately themed \"atmospheric\" theaters. While it lacked the characteristic starry sky ceiling, the interior was lavishly decorated in a captivating 9th century English garden theme. Murals painted throughout the space depicted stone walls, lush greenery, rolling hills, and distant castles, transporting audiences to a magical world.", "title": "1927 Remodel" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "J.H. Wickstead and William G. Schulte, talented interior decorators from Louisville, Kentucky, were responsible for this enchanting transformation. Unfortunately, information regarding their lives beyond their profession and location remains scarce. The mezzanine level housed a charming \"Old English\" lounge, reminiscent of cozy manor house rooms. A large wood-burning fireplace, a family crest, and rose and green plasterwork adorned the walls, creating a warm and inviting atmosphere. Newspaper descriptions also mentioned a \"decorative work made to resemble a huge log\" overlooking the lobby, adorned with welcoming flowers that \"nodded\" to patrons below.", "title": "1927 Remodel" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Although still associated with the Keith vaudeville circuit, the late 1920s witnessed a shift in focus, with vaudeville acts evolving into interludes between the main attraction: captivating motion pictures.", "title": "1927 Remodel" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "the Robinson Grand faced tragedy on May 31, 1939, when a fire erupted on its roof. The flames, believed to have originated from an air-conditioning repairman's torch, swiftly spread due to dry weather conditions. While the fire ravaged the stage and auditorium, the façade and front portion of the building miraculously remained largely intact.", "title": "1939 Fire" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Undeterred, Claude Robinson made a bold promise to the residents of Clarksburg: he would rebuild the theater, making it the most modern in the state. In a remarkable display of resilience and dedication, the Robinson Grand reopened its doors on December 24, 1939, less than seven months after the fire. This \"Christmas gift to Clarksburg,\" as the theater proudly proclaimed, was met with resounding praise and congratulatory ad campaigns from the involved contractors and suppliers.", "title": "1939 Fire" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The 1939 reconstruction, which stands today, preserved the original 1927 façade while introducing a completely new stage and auditorium designed in the Streamline Moderne style, under the guidance of architect Edward J. Wood. The interior embraced flowing, curvilinear walls adorned with a light-stained wood veneer. Large curved pilasters flanking the proscenium visually extended to the front of the house through an angled recessed wall, creating a sense of continuity. Similar vertical elements were used throughout the lobby for aesthetic coherence.", "title": "1939 Fire" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "The balcony, another striking architectural element, featured a solid railing with curved steps at both the top and bottom, clearly delineating the changing levels. The mezzanine offered an open view into the lobby below, illuminated by a large, modern circular chandelier reminiscent of a 1930s microphone. Throughout the auditorium and public spaces, uplights strategically placed in circular recessed ceilings bathed the spaces in soft, reflected light.", "title": "1939 Fire" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "The Robinson Grand remained a vibrant hub for moviegoers throughout the 1980s, further solidifying its place in the community's heart. Locals fondly recall watching popular films on its iconic screen, with prices ranging from a mere 17 cents to 25 cents. Many also cherish memories of their first jobs at the theater, whether as ticket takers, ushers, cleaners, or painters.", "title": "1980's Change in ownership and closing" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "The magic of the Robinson Grand extended far beyond the silver screen, serving as a stage for local plays, concerts, and dance recitals. A glimpse into the Facebook page \"You know you're from Clarksburg, WV when...\" reveals a treasure trove of memories and anecdotes, showcasing the theater's profound impact on generations of residents.", "title": "1980's Change in ownership and closing" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "Facing competition from suburban multiplexes by the 1980s, the Robinson Grand entered a new chapter. James LaRosa purchased the building in 1984, remodeling the interior and renaming it the Rose Garden Theater. Traces of this era are still evident today, with original wallpaper adorning the lobby, mezzanine, and restrooms, the enclosed mezzanine overlook, and mirrored panels adding a touch of elegance to the lobby.", "title": "1980's Change in ownership and closing" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "However, the theater's usage gradually declined, ultimately leading to it closing and a period of vacancy.", "title": "1980's Change in ownership and closing" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "Claude Robinson, the beloved proprietor of the Robinson Grand for decades, was a cherished figure in the community. His passing in 1948 deeply saddened many, with the local newspaper editorial aptly describing him as \"one of the most popular\" and \"best-known, best-liked theatrical man\" the region had ever seen. Claude left the control of the theater to his daughter Dorthy Robinson Lang.", "title": "Notable figures in the theater's history" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "Another notable figures who left their mark on the theater's history was Marge Stout Douds, a devoted employee who began working there in the 1920s through the 1970s and eventually became the majority owner because of her long service to the Robinson Family. Dorthy Robinson Lang, the daughter of Claude Robinson left 51% of the ownership to Douds in her will stating \"In recognition of her long faithful service to my father during his lifetime and to me following his death. The remainder 49% was split between her husband Harry Lang and her cousin Richard R. Robinson.", "title": "Notable figures in the theater's history" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "Stuart Felts was a longtime usher fondly remembered by many.", "title": "Notable figures in the theater's history" }, { "paragraph_id": 22, "text": "James LaRosa purchased the building in 1984, remodeling the interior and renaming it the Rose Garden Theater.", "title": "Notable figures in the theater's history" }, { "paragraph_id": 23, "text": "In 2014, the City of Clarksburg took ownership of the historic structure, embarking on a comprehensive planning process to envision a compatible new life for the theater. This landmark building forms part of the Downtown Clarksburg National Register Historic District.", "title": "2014 Purchase by the City of Clarksburg" }, { "paragraph_id": 24, "text": "Through a collaborative public-private partnership, the city joined forces with The Cultural Foundation of Harrison County and other regional stakeholders to revitalize the theater into a vibrant performing arts center. This ambitious project commenced in January 2017, culminating in the grand opening of the Robinson Grand Performing Arts Center in October 2018.", "title": "2014 Purchase by the City of Clarksburg" }, { "paragraph_id": 25, "text": "The Robinson Grand Performing Arts Center has undergone a meticulous restoration project, breathing new life into this historic landmark while preserving its cultural significance. With careful attention to detail, the project restored the exterior, including the iconic windows, and added a dazzling new marquee featuring LED lighting and video display capabilities.", "title": "2014 Purchase by the City of Clarksburg" }, { "paragraph_id": 26, "text": "Stepping inside, one is greeted by a breathtaking lobby where the original chandeliers, terrazzo flooring, water fountains, and grand staircases have been meticulously restored. Even the coved plaster ceilings and antique air diffusers in the performance hall have been preserved and enhanced with indirect lighting, showcasing their timeless beauty.", "title": "2014 Purchase by the City of Clarksburg" }, { "paragraph_id": 27, "text": "The project struck a remarkable balance between honoring the past and embracing the future. The grand proscenium design, stage, and ballroom remain untouched, along with the original flooring and decorative glass displays, ensuring the building's unique character continues to shine.", "title": "2014 Purchase by the City of Clarksburg" }, { "paragraph_id": 28, "text": "Beyond preserving the existing structure, the project also added modern amenities to enhance the experience for all. Two new wings house a spacious concession area, expanded restrooms, and convenient green room/dressing rooms with direct stage access. Additionally, the basement level now boasts improved drainage and a dedicated orchestra green room.", "title": "2014 Purchase by the City of Clarksburg" }, { "paragraph_id": 29, "text": "This transformative renovation has resulted in a performance hall that comfortably accommodates nearly 1,000 patrons. The second floor features a versatile educational center, equipped with a prep-kitchen, a circular bar, and lounge areas, creating a welcoming space for events of all kinds.", "title": "2014 Purchase by the City of Clarksburg" }, { "paragraph_id": 30, "text": "The Robinson Grand stands as a testament to the power of historical preservation and thoughtful modernization. Through this remarkable project, this cultural hub is poised to continue inspiring and enriching the community for generations to come.", "title": "2014 Purchase by the City of Clarksburg" }, { "paragraph_id": 31, "text": "The total cost of the project to restore the theater was around 20 million dollars which caused a large controversy among opponents of the project. Under the leadership of Mayor Cathy Goings, the city council, and City Manager Martin Howe a large portion of the expense was paid through a combination of donations, grants, tax credits, and other public and private sources. The city also created a 1% sales tax to support this project and other projects related to economic development which was another source of criticism. A general summary of that funding is provided below.", "title": "2014 Purchase by the City of Clarksburg" }, { "paragraph_id": 32, "text": "The grand reopening on October 20, 2018 was a momentous occasion for the community, attracting a large crowd eager to experience the revitalized theater. The ceremony featured music, speeches, performances by the The Guess Who & Comedian Jay Leno, highlighting the Robinson Grand's historical significance and its continued importance as a cultural hub.", "title": "2014 Purchase by the City of Clarksburg" }, { "paragraph_id": 33, "text": "The successful renovation project has ensured the Robinson Grand's continued relevance as a vibrant performing arts center. The theater now boasts a modern and comfortable environment while preserving its historic charm. It hosts a diverse range of events, including concerts, plays, musicals, and dance performances, enriching the cultural landscape of Clarksburg and beyond.", "title": "2014 Purchase by the City of Clarksburg" }, { "paragraph_id": 34, "text": "==", "title": "References" } ]	The Robinson Grand is a historic theater in Clarksburg, West Virginia Rehabilitated into a modern performing arts and education center with seating for 950, 200 guest ballroom, and classrooms. In 1913, the Robinson Grand Theater opened in downtown Clarksburg. This marked the beginning of a vibrant cultural hub that would serve residents of Harrison County, West Virginia and beyond. The Robinson Grand, a pioneer in its era, became the thirteenth theater in the United States to be equipped with sound technology in 1927. During its golden age, it hosted a diverse array of events, including movies, plays, wedding receptions, and even the prestigious Miss West Virginia Pageant.	2023-12-08T19:56:10Z	2024-01-01T00:44:20Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Infobox venue" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson_Grand_Performing_Arts_Center
75,518,249	Jacqueline Mesmaeker	Jacqueline Mesmaeker (1929/1930 – 7 December 2023) was a Belgian artist who worked in plastic. She died on 7 December 2023, at the age of 93.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jacqueline Mesmaeker (1929/1930 – 7 December 2023) was a Belgian artist who worked in plastic. She died on 7 December 2023, at the age of 93.", "title": "" } ]	Jacqueline Mesmaeker was a Belgian artist who worked in plastic. She died on 7 December 2023, at the age of 93.	2023-12-08T19:57:04Z	2024-01-01T00:52:12Z	[ "Template:Where", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Discogs artist", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox person" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacqueline_Mesmaeker
75,518,251	Bruno Casanova	Bruno Casanova may refer to:	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Bruno Casanova may refer to:", "title": "" } ]	Bruno Casanova may refer to: Bruno Casanova (motorcyclist), Italian Grand Prix motorcyclist Bruno Casanova (footballer), Argentine footballer	2023-12-08T19:57:10Z	2023-12-08T19:58:45Z	[ "Template:Hndis" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Casanova
75,518,265	Cindy Woodhouse	Cindy Woodhouse (born 1982 or 1983) is a Canadian First Nations (Pinaymootang First Nation) politician and the current National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations. Woodhouse was raised on the Pinaymootang First Nation, spending half the week with her parents, Garnet and Lorette Woodhouse, and half the week with her grandmother, who gave her her religious education. Her father, Garnet Woodhouse, became chief of the Pinaymootang First Nation when Woodhouse was 4 years old, a role he held for more than 40 years. Her great-great-great grandfather, Richard Woodhouse, was a signatory of Treaty 2. Woodhouse often attended Assembly of First Nations meetings with her parents. Woodhouse attended the Anglican-run Little Saskatchewan Day School, where she and her classmates faced "almost borderline abuse". She later attended Fairford School, where she received better treatment. Woodhouse's mother was the principal of her high school; Woodhouse transferred to a different high school, Astra and Central school, because she was "tired of being around" her mother. Woodhouse attended the University of Winnipeg, where she earned a bachelor of arts degree. While there, she and a small group of 15 to 20 others started a march for missing and murdered Indigenous women. Woodhouse met Paul Martin through her father, and came with them on Martin's campaign for prime minister. After graduating from university, she joined Justin Trudeau's campaign in 2009, and continued working for him until 2015. Woodhouse began working for First Nations issues while at university, as an adviser to Francis Flett. She later worked for Shawn Atleo and as a senior advisor for Perry Bellegarde on First Nations-related policies. In July 2021, Woodhouse was elected a regional chief of Manitoba's Assembly of First Nations. In March 2022, Woodhouse joined a First Nations delegation traveling to Rome to meet Pope Francis and discuss the Catholic Church's role in residential schools. Woodhouse was elected National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations in early December 2023. Woodhouse is married and has two sons; she and her family live on the reservation of the Pinaymootang First Nation in Fairford, Manitoba. Woodhouse planned in 2023 to move to Ottawa for her role as National Chief.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Cindy Woodhouse (born 1982 or 1983) is a Canadian First Nations (Pinaymootang First Nation) politician and the current National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Woodhouse was raised on the Pinaymootang First Nation, spending half the week with her parents, Garnet and Lorette Woodhouse, and half the week with her grandmother, who gave her her religious education. Her father, Garnet Woodhouse, became chief of the Pinaymootang First Nation when Woodhouse was 4 years old, a role he held for more than 40 years. Her great-great-great grandfather, Richard Woodhouse, was a signatory of Treaty 2. Woodhouse often attended Assembly of First Nations meetings with her parents.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Woodhouse attended the Anglican-run Little Saskatchewan Day School, where she and her classmates faced \"almost borderline abuse\". She later attended Fairford School, where she received better treatment. Woodhouse's mother was the principal of her high school; Woodhouse transferred to a different high school, Astra and Central school, because she was \"tired of being around\" her mother.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Woodhouse attended the University of Winnipeg, where she earned a bachelor of arts degree. While there, she and a small group of 15 to 20 others started a march for missing and murdered Indigenous women.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Woodhouse met Paul Martin through her father, and came with them on Martin's campaign for prime minister. After graduating from university, she joined Justin Trudeau's campaign in 2009, and continued working for him until 2015.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Woodhouse began working for First Nations issues while at university, as an adviser to Francis Flett. She later worked for Shawn Atleo and as a senior advisor for Perry Bellegarde on First Nations-related policies.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In July 2021, Woodhouse was elected a regional chief of Manitoba's Assembly of First Nations.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In March 2022, Woodhouse joined a First Nations delegation traveling to Rome to meet Pope Francis and discuss the Catholic Church's role in residential schools.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Woodhouse was elected National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations in early December 2023.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Woodhouse is married and has two sons; she and her family live on the reservation of the Pinaymootang First Nation in Fairford, Manitoba. Woodhouse planned in 2023 to move to Ottawa for her role as National Chief.", "title": "Personal life" } ]	Cindy Woodhouse is a Canadian First Nations politician and the current National Chief of the Assembly of First Nations.	2023-12-08T19:58:14Z	2023-12-17T21:57:12Z	[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Assembly of First Nations chiefs" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cindy_Woodhouse
75,518,273	Shamkir Lutheran Church	Shamkir Lutheran Church is a historical architectural monument in the city of Shamkir, Azerbaijan. After Azerbaijan regained its independence, the church was included in the list of local significant immovable historical and cultural monuments by the decision No. 132 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 2, 2001. In 1817, with the approval of Russian Tsar Alexander I, hundreds of German families belonging to the Lutheran-Pietist faith from the Swabian region of Germany were relocated to the territory of the Russian Empire. By 1819, 500 families from Württemberg were settled in the Elisabethpol Governorate of Azerbaijan. After the establishment of the first German colony in Azerbaijan, called Helenendorf, the foundation of the second German colony, Annenfeld, was laid about 40 km away. In 1909, the Lutheran Church was constructed in Annenfeld in the Romanesque Gothic style, sponsored by Johann Beppl and Johann Bek's endowment. The architect responsible for the construction of the church was Ferdinand Lemkul. Soviet occupation led to the official initiation of the anti-religious campaign in 1928. In December of the same year, the Azerbaijan Communist Party Central Committee transferred many mosques, churches, and synagogues to the balance of educational clubs for enlightening purposes. Between 1936 and 1938, all Lutheran church priests in the country were arrested. The last pastor of the church, Emil Roisch, was initially arrested in 1931. Though released later, he was rearrested in 1937, accused of anti-Soviet and religious propaganda, and subsequently sentenced to execution by firing squad by the NKVD troika. Following the expulsion of Germans in 1941, the church ceased its activities. Later on, the building was used as a Cultural House, Teachers' House, and a History Ethnography Museum. After Azerbaijan regained independence, the church building was included in the list of locally significant historical and cultural monuments by the decision No. 132 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 2, 2001. Due to a lack of repairs and restoration for an extended period in the 1990s, the building fell into a dilapidated condition. In 2012, as part of the "Address of Tolerance - Azerbaijan" project by the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, the church building underwent comprehensive restoration under the initiative of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan. The area surrounding the church was developed, and a park was established. An organ was installed in the church to facilitate religious services and musical events.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Shamkir Lutheran Church is a historical architectural monument in the city of Shamkir, Azerbaijan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "After Azerbaijan regained its independence, the church was included in the list of local significant immovable historical and cultural monuments by the decision No. 132 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 2, 2001.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1817, with the approval of Russian Tsar Alexander I, hundreds of German families belonging to the Lutheran-Pietist faith from the Swabian region of Germany were relocated to the territory of the Russian Empire. By 1819, 500 families from Württemberg were settled in the Elisabethpol Governorate of Azerbaijan. After the establishment of the first German colony in Azerbaijan, called Helenendorf, the foundation of the second German colony, Annenfeld, was laid about 40 km away.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 1909, the Lutheran Church was constructed in Annenfeld in the Romanesque Gothic style, sponsored by Johann Beppl and Johann Bek's endowment. The architect responsible for the construction of the church was Ferdinand Lemkul.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Soviet occupation led to the official initiation of the anti-religious campaign in 1928. In December of the same year, the Azerbaijan Communist Party Central Committee transferred many mosques, churches, and synagogues to the balance of educational clubs for enlightening purposes. Between 1936 and 1938, all Lutheran church priests in the country were arrested. The last pastor of the church, Emil Roisch, was initially arrested in 1931. Though released later, he was rearrested in 1937, accused of anti-Soviet and religious propaganda, and subsequently sentenced to execution by firing squad by the NKVD troika. Following the expulsion of Germans in 1941, the church ceased its activities. Later on, the building was used as a Cultural House, Teachers' House, and a History Ethnography Museum.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "After Azerbaijan regained independence, the church building was included in the list of locally significant historical and cultural monuments by the decision No. 132 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 2, 2001.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Due to a lack of repairs and restoration for an extended period in the 1990s, the building fell into a dilapidated condition. In 2012, as part of the \"Address of Tolerance - Azerbaijan\" project by the Heydar Aliyev Foundation, the church building underwent comprehensive restoration under the initiative of the Ministry of Culture and Tourism of Azerbaijan. The area surrounding the church was developed, and a park was established. An organ was installed in the church to facilitate religious services and musical events.", "title": "History" } ]	Shamkir Lutheran Church is a historical architectural monument in the city of Shamkir, Azerbaijan. After Azerbaijan regained its independence, the church was included in the list of local significant immovable historical and cultural monuments by the decision No. 132 of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Azerbaijan on August 2, 2001.	2023-12-08T19:59:54Z	2023-12-12T19:00:31Z	[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Orphan", "Template:In creation", "Template:Reflist" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamkir_Lutheran_Church
75,518,276	Hazama Hidenori	Hazama Hidenori (間秀矩, 1822-1876) was a Japanese scholar of kokugaku. Hazama Hidenori was born in the post station of Nakatsugawa in 1822. At the age of 22, Hidenori took over the family business. He also worked as a toiya at the Nakatsugawa honjin. Hazama Mokuemon Yoshinori (間杢右衛門喜矩), head of another branch of the Hazama family, transferred his hereditary toiya position to Hidenori at this time. In October of 1859, Hidenori's sister Majima Kiku (馬島菊) introduced him to the Hirata school of kokugaku by way of her husband Majima Sei'an, a well-known local scholar of classical literature. In 1862, Katsura Kogorō arrived at the Nakatsugawa honjin with an entourage including Shiji Bunta and Sera Toshisada. Their mission was to convince lord Mōri Takachika of the Chōshū Domain to align Chōshū's significant military potential with the anti-foreign cause. After three days of discussion, Mōri was convinced and the group went their separate ways. Hidenori and his friend Ichioka Shigemasa helped in the arrangement of the "Chōshū-Nakatsugawa Conference" (長州中津川会談). Hidenori and Shigemasa kept this meeting carefully secret, knowing that the Shogunate would dispense terrible punishment if their involvement became known. For their help, they were later trusted by Chōshū anti-foreign extremists with secret information emanating from Kyoto.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Hazama Hidenori (間秀矩, 1822-1876) was a Japanese scholar of kokugaku.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Hazama Hidenori was born in the post station of Nakatsugawa in 1822.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "At the age of 22, Hidenori took over the family business. He also worked as a toiya at the Nakatsugawa honjin. Hazama Mokuemon Yoshinori (間杢右衛門喜矩), head of another branch of the Hazama family, transferred his hereditary toiya position to Hidenori at this time.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In October of 1859, Hidenori's sister Majima Kiku (馬島菊) introduced him to the Hirata school of kokugaku by way of her husband Majima Sei'an, a well-known local scholar of classical literature.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 1862, Katsura Kogorō arrived at the Nakatsugawa honjin with an entourage including Shiji Bunta and Sera Toshisada. Their mission was to convince lord Mōri Takachika of the Chōshū Domain to align Chōshū's significant military potential with the anti-foreign cause. After three days of discussion, Mōri was convinced and the group went their separate ways. Hidenori and his friend Ichioka Shigemasa helped in the arrangement of the \"Chōshū-Nakatsugawa Conference\" (長州中津川会談).", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Hidenori and Shigemasa kept this meeting carefully secret, knowing that the Shogunate would dispense terrible punishment if their involvement became known. For their help, they were later trusted by Chōshū anti-foreign extremists with secret information emanating from Kyoto.", "title": "Biography" } ]	Hazama Hidenori was a Japanese scholar of kokugaku.	2023-12-08T20:00:12Z	2023-12-17T05:11:37Z	[ "Template:Expand language", "Template:Infobox officeholder", "Template:Family name hatnote", "Template:Nihongo", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Authority control" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazama_Hidenori
75,518,277	Paulo Gomes (footballer, born 31 March 1975)	Carlos Paulo Cardoso Gomes Caçote (born 31 March 1975) is a Portuguese football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the current head coach of Brazilian club Botafogo-SP. Born in Mafamude, Vila Nova de Gaia, Gomes was a S.C. Coimbrões and S.C. Espinho youth graduate. After making his senior debut with C.F. Oliveira do Douro in 1993, he represented Terceira Divisão sides G.D. Argus and F.C. Oliveira do Hospital before joining Segunda Divisão side A.D. Ovarense in 1997. In 2000, after two seasons at fourth tier side S.C. Dragões Sandinenses, Gomes signed for Segunda Liga side Associação Naval 1º de Maio. After only two appearances, he moved to GD Bragança in the third division in the following year. Gomes continued to appear in the third level in the following years, playing for A.D. Lousada (three spells), F.C. Vizela and A.D. Machico. In 2008, he moved abroad for the first time in his career, joining Luxembourg National Division side FC RM Hamm Benfica; he retired with the latter in 2009, aged 34. Upon joining Hamm Benfica, Gomes worked as a manager of the club's under-11 squad. In 2009, he became manager of CS Muhlenbach Lusitanos, while also working with the under-18 side of FC Mamer 32. Gomes led Muhlenbach to a promotion to the Division of Honour in May 2011, but left the club in October. In July 2012, after a brief period at CS Oberkorn, he was named in charge of fellow second division side US Sandweiler, but left on 30 October of that year to take over CS Pétange in the top tier. Gomes remained as manager of Pétange despite their relegation, but left the club on 6 October 2013, amidst rumours to a possible switch to his former club Hamm Benfica; the move was confirmed the following day. Sacked by Hamm Benfica on 28 May 2014, Gomes spent two years without a club before being appointed FC Avenir Beggen on 8 September 2016. He was dismissed from the latter on 21 March of the following year, with the club in the last position of the second division. Gomes returned to Muhlenbach in on 30 May 2017, with the club being now named FC Blue Boys Muhlenbach. He was relieved from his duties the following February, and agreed to become the manager of US Mondorf-les-Bains on 6 May 2018. On 25 April 2019, Gomes opted to leave Mondorf after being told he would not be the manager in the following season. On 22 September 2019, he joined Saudi club Al Wehda FC as a youth manager and coordinator. On 18 October 2020, Gomes was named manager of Najran SC of the Saudi First Division League. After narrowly avoiding relegation, he moved to fellow league team Al-Khaleej FC on 24 November 2021, but was dismissed on 7 May 2022 with the club sitting at the top of the table. On 10 November 2022, Gomes was announced as manager of Al-Jabalain FC, still in the Saudi second division. Sacked in February of the following year, he moved to Brazil on 29 November 2023, after being appointed manager of Série B side Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP).	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Carlos Paulo Cardoso Gomes Caçote (born 31 March 1975) is a Portuguese football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the current head coach of Brazilian club Botafogo-SP.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Mafamude, Vila Nova de Gaia, Gomes was a S.C. Coimbrões and S.C. Espinho youth graduate. After making his senior debut with C.F. Oliveira do Douro in 1993, he represented Terceira Divisão sides G.D. Argus and F.C. Oliveira do Hospital before joining Segunda Divisão side A.D. Ovarense in 1997.", "title": "Playing career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 2000, after two seasons at fourth tier side S.C. Dragões Sandinenses, Gomes signed for Segunda Liga side Associação Naval 1º de Maio. After only two appearances, he moved to GD Bragança in the third division in the following year.", "title": "Playing career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Gomes continued to appear in the third level in the following years, playing for A.D. Lousada (three spells), F.C. Vizela and A.D. Machico. In 2008, he moved abroad for the first time in his career, joining Luxembourg National Division side FC RM Hamm Benfica; he retired with the latter in 2009, aged 34.", "title": "Playing career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Upon joining Hamm Benfica, Gomes worked as a manager of the club's under-11 squad. In 2009, he became manager of CS Muhlenbach Lusitanos, while also working with the under-18 side of FC Mamer 32.", "title": "Coaching career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Gomes led Muhlenbach to a promotion to the Division of Honour in May 2011, but left the club in October. In July 2012, after a brief period at CS Oberkorn, he was named in charge of fellow second division side US Sandweiler, but left on 30 October of that year to take over CS Pétange in the top tier.", "title": "Coaching career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Gomes remained as manager of Pétange despite their relegation, but left the club on 6 October 2013, amidst rumours to a possible switch to his former club Hamm Benfica; the move was confirmed the following day.", "title": "Coaching career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Sacked by Hamm Benfica on 28 May 2014, Gomes spent two years without a club before being appointed FC Avenir Beggen on 8 September 2016. He was dismissed from the latter on 21 March of the following year, with the club in the last position of the second division.", "title": "Coaching career" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Gomes returned to Muhlenbach in on 30 May 2017, with the club being now named FC Blue Boys Muhlenbach. He was relieved from his duties the following February, and agreed to become the manager of US Mondorf-les-Bains on 6 May 2018.", "title": "Coaching career" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "On 25 April 2019, Gomes opted to leave Mondorf after being told he would not be the manager in the following season. On 22 September 2019, he joined Saudi club Al Wehda FC as a youth manager and coordinator.", "title": "Coaching career" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "On 18 October 2020, Gomes was named manager of Najran SC of the Saudi First Division League. After narrowly avoiding relegation, he moved to fellow league team Al-Khaleej FC on 24 November 2021, but was dismissed on 7 May 2022 with the club sitting at the top of the table.", "title": "Coaching career" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "On 10 November 2022, Gomes was announced as manager of Al-Jabalain FC, still in the Saudi second division. Sacked in February of the following year, he moved to Brazil on 29 November 2023, after being appointed manager of Série B side Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP).", "title": "Coaching career" } ]	Carlos Paulo Cardoso Gomes Caçote is a Portuguese football manager and former player who played as a midfielder. He is the current head coach of Brazilian club Botafogo-SP.	2023-12-08T20:00:24Z	2023-12-29T08:38:07Z	[ "Template:Portuguese name", "Template:ForaDeJogo", "Template:Soccerway coach", "Template:Campeonato Brasileiro Série B managers", "Template:Short description", "User:RMCD bot/subject notice", "Template:Infobox football biography", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Najran SC managers", "Template:Botafogo Futebol Clube (SP) managers" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo_Gomes_(footballer,_born_31_March_1975)
75,518,278	Mayem Lake	Mayem Lake is a freshwater lake located on the Indian state of Goa. It is situated in Bicholim taluka close to east of Mapusa town. Mayem lake is in the Bicholim taluka of Goa. It is surrounded by villages, hills, the lake and verdant greens. Many avian species can be found near the lake.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Mayem Lake is a freshwater lake located on the Indian state of Goa. It is situated in Bicholim taluka close to east of Mapusa town.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Mayem lake is in the Bicholim taluka of Goa. It is surrounded by villages, hills, the lake and verdant greens. Many avian species can be found near the lake.", "title": "Geography" } ]	Mayem Lake is a freshwater lake located on the Indian state of Goa. It is situated in Bicholim taluka close to east of Mapusa town.	2023-12-08T20:00:25Z	2023-12-17T02:27:36Z	[ "Template:Infobox body of water", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayem_Lake
75,518,291	Elvira Mürsəlova	Elvira Mursalova is a Russian and Azerbaijani athlete, freestyle wrestler. Bronze medalist of the World Championship, silver medalist of the European Championship. She performed in the weight class up to 59 kg. She was born in 1982 in Kaspiysk (Dagestan, Russia). By nationality, she is a Lezgian. I went to karate-do from the age of seven. She started wrestling at the age of 12. A pupil of the Dynamo Sports School, trained with Kurban Kurbanov. Since 2006, he has been living in Baku and playing for the Azerbaijani national team. In January 2007, at the VI International Women's Wrestling Grand Prix Tournament "Ivan Yarygin", which was held in Krasnoyarsk, Mursalova became the third in the weight category up to 59 kg. In April 2008, at the European Wrestling Championship held in Tampere, Finland, Elvira Mursalova (59 kg) won a silver medal in the weight category up to 59 kg. On the way to the final, Mursalova defeated Poland's Agata Petrzyk, Ukraine's Natalia Sinishina and Tatiana Bohan. In the decisive match, Elvira lost to Teresa Ida Nerel (Sweden) with a score of 1:4. Elvira's medal can be called historical, since no Azerbaijani athlete has ever won the European Wrestling Championship awards before. According to the athlete, she was let down by excessive confidence, since 25 days before Mursalova had won a Swedish woman at an international tournament in Kiev. In October 2008, at the World Championships in Tokyo, Elvira Mursalova won one bronze medal in the weight category up to 59 kg. Mursalova began her tournament career with a victory over Joyce Silva (Brazil), after which she defeated Alla Cherkasova (Ukraine). However, in the semifinals, Elvira lost to the future winner of the competition, Ayako Shiuda. In the dispute for the third place, Mursalova won Diana Rix (USA) and secured the bronze award.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Elvira Mursalova is a Russian and Azerbaijani athlete, freestyle wrestler. Bronze medalist of the World Championship, silver medalist of the European Championship. She performed in the weight class up to 59 kg.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "She was born in 1982 in Kaspiysk (Dagestan, Russia). By nationality, she is a Lezgian.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "I went to karate-do from the age of seven. She started wrestling at the age of 12. A pupil of the Dynamo Sports School, trained with Kurban Kurbanov. Since 2006, he has been living in Baku and playing for the Azerbaijani national team.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In January 2007, at the VI International Women's Wrestling Grand Prix Tournament \"Ivan Yarygin\", which was held in Krasnoyarsk, Mursalova became the third in the weight category up to 59 kg.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In April 2008, at the European Wrestling Championship held in Tampere, Finland, Elvira Mursalova (59 kg) won a silver medal in the weight category up to 59 kg. On the way to the final, Mursalova defeated Poland's Agata Petrzyk, Ukraine's Natalia Sinishina and Tatiana Bohan. In the decisive match, Elvira lost to Teresa Ida Nerel (Sweden) with a score of 1:4. Elvira's medal can be called historical, since no Azerbaijani athlete has ever won the European Wrestling Championship awards before. According to the athlete, she was let down by excessive confidence, since 25 days before Mursalova had won a Swedish woman at an international tournament in Kiev.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In October 2008, at the World Championships in Tokyo, Elvira Mursalova won one bronze medal in the weight category up to 59 kg. Mursalova began her tournament career with a victory over Joyce Silva (Brazil), after which she defeated Alla Cherkasova (Ukraine). However, in the semifinals, Elvira lost to the future winner of the competition, Ayako Shiuda. In the dispute for the third place, Mursalova won Diana Rix (USA) and secured the bronze award.", "title": "Biography" } ]	Elvira Mursalova is a Russian and Azerbaijani athlete, freestyle wrestler. Bronze medalist of the World Championship, silver medalist of the European Championship. She performed in the weight class up to 59 kg.	2023-12-08T20:02:10Z	2023-12-17T05:15:15Z	[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Orphan", "Template:Under construction", "Template:Infobox sportsperson", "Template:Reflist" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elvira_M%C3%BCrs%C9%99lova
75,518,317	2024 CPL–U Sports Draft	The 2024 CPL–U Sports Draft was the sixth annual CPL–U Sports Draft. Canadian Premier League (CPL) teams selected 16 eligible U Sports soccer players to be invited to their respective preseason camps with the opportunity to earn development contracts for the 2024 Canadian Premier League season. Players could be selected if they had one to four years of U Sports eligibility remaining, were in good academic standing, were planning to return to school the following year, and completed the CPL's draft declaration form by December 5, 2023. On December 6, the CPL released the list of 203 athletes who declared for the draft. Players who were selected can sign a full professional contract or a U Sports development contract, which allows them to return to university for the following season, without losing their eligibility. Teams were able to retain the rights to previously drafted players who had signed U Sports contracts. In total, seven players were retained by their CPL clubs. Each CPL team made two selections in the draft with selections made in the reverse order of the previous season's standings, including playoffs and final standings. Teams may trade selections; on draft day, Vancouver FC traded the 10th overall selection to Cavalry FC in exchange for the 15th overall selection and future considerations. The following players were selected:	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2024 CPL–U Sports Draft was the sixth annual CPL–U Sports Draft. Canadian Premier League (CPL) teams selected 16 eligible U Sports soccer players to be invited to their respective preseason camps with the opportunity to earn development contracts for the 2024 Canadian Premier League season.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Players could be selected if they had one to four years of U Sports eligibility remaining, were in good academic standing, were planning to return to school the following year, and completed the CPL's draft declaration form by December 5, 2023. On December 6, the CPL released the list of 203 athletes who declared for the draft. Players who were selected can sign a full professional contract or a U Sports development contract, which allows them to return to university for the following season, without losing their eligibility.", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Teams were able to retain the rights to previously drafted players who had signed U Sports contracts. In total, seven players were retained by their CPL clubs.", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Each CPL team made two selections in the draft with selections made in the reverse order of the previous season's standings, including playoffs and final standings. Teams may trade selections; on draft day, Vancouver FC traded the 10th overall selection to Cavalry FC in exchange for the 15th overall selection and future considerations.", "title": "Format" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The following players were selected:", "title": "Player selection" } ]	The 2024 CPL–U Sports Draft was the sixth annual CPL–U Sports Draft. Canadian Premier League (CPL) teams selected 16 eligible U Sports soccer players to be invited to their respective preseason camps with the opportunity to earn development contracts for the 2024 Canadian Premier League season.	2023-12-08T20:06:11Z	2023-12-17T01:29:04Z	[ "Template:Efn", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Flag", "Template:2024 in Canadian soccer", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Infobox sports draft", "Template:Flagicon", "Template:CPL drafts", "Template:Use Canadian English", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:2024 Canadian Premier League season by team" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_CPL%E2%80%93U_Sports_Draft
75,518,326	35th Producers Guild of America Awards	The 35th Producers Guild of America Awards (also known as 2024 Producers Guild Awards or 2024 PGA Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2023, will be held at the Fairmont Century Plaza in Los Angeles, California on February 25, 2024. The nominees in the documentary category were announced on December 12, 2023, the nominations in the sports, children's and short-form categories were announced on December 15, 2023, and the remaining nominations for film and television will be announced on January 12, 2024.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 35th Producers Guild of America Awards (also known as 2024 Producers Guild Awards or 2024 PGA Awards), honoring the best film and television producers of 2023, will be held at the Fairmont Century Plaza in Los Angeles, California on February 25, 2024. The nominees in the documentary category were announced on December 12, 2023, the nominations in the sports, children's and short-form categories were announced on December 15, 2023, and the remaining nominations for film and television will be announced on January 12, 2024.", "title": "" } ]	The 35th Producers Guild of America Awards, honoring the best film and television producers of 2023, will be held at the Fairmont Century Plaza in Los Angeles, California on February 25, 2024. The nominees in the documentary category were announced on December 12, 2023, the nominations in the sports, children's and short-form categories were announced on December 15, 2023, and the remaining nominations for film and television will be announced on January 12, 2024.	2023-12-08T20:07:08Z	2023-12-23T20:00:26Z	[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:PGA Awards Chron", "Template:Infobox award", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/35th_Producers_Guild_of_America_Awards
75,518,335	2023 Arlington house explosion	On December 4, 2023, a duplex in the neighborhood of Bluemont, Arlington, Virginia exploded following a standoff between a resident, suspected to be 56-year-old James Yoo, and Arlington County Police. At around 4:45 p.m., officers responded to the home after receiving reports of shots fired and flares being fired from the property. It is believed that James Yoo, who lived in the duplex, had fired more than 30 flares from his residence into the surrounding neighborhood. No injuries or damages were caused by the flares. Police attempted to make contact with Yoo at the scene, but he did not respond. Police later obtained a warrant to search the property to secure any weapons inside and ensure there was no risk to public safety, returning with body armour. At some point, other residents of the duplex were evacuated. When police attempted to make entry to the property via the front door, several gunshots were fired from inside the residence. One neighbor, who also filmed the explosion, claimed to have seen Yoo with a rifle, shooting at police. Despite this, police continued to attempt to communicate with Yoo, to no success. Police then deployed “non-flammable, less-lethal chemical munitions” into different parts of the duplex, as they were unable to determine the precise location of Yoo, in an attempt to get him to surrender, but he did not. At around 7 p.m., the fire department cut off the gas line to the residence and evacuated surrounding homes, putting a shelter in place order for the rest of the neighborhood. At approximately 8:25 p.m., an explosion occurred which destroyed the duplex. Video shows police vehicles seemingly advancing towards the home when the explosion happens. The roof and walls of the home are blown apart and the entire home collapses and immediately becomes engulfed in flames. The explosion sent debris and embers two stories into the air and produced a large amount of smoke. Three officers received minor burn injuries from the explosion, but did not require hospitalization. Firefighters worked to extinguish the fire until 10:30 p.m. Human remains were discovered at the scene, suspected to be Yoo’s. A cause for the explosion has not yet been determined. The suspect was identified as 56-year-old James Yoo, a resident of the duplex, who is believed to have died in the explosion. VICE News called Yoo a "conspiracy theorist", referring to his social media accounts, which included LinkedIn and YouTube, where he wrote several "rambling" anti-government and conspiratorial posts dating back a number of years. Among the posts includes statements that the January 6 United States Capitol attack was an "inside job". In 2018, Yoo filed a federal lawsuit against Rochester General Hospital and the state of New York, among other organizations and individuals, including his sister and ex-wife, alleging that they had conspired to hospitalize him against his will in 2015 as a result of the September 11 attacks and the investigation for the Mueller report. Judge Charles J. Siragusa refused to hear the case. Three days before the explosion, Yoo also claimed his next-door neighbors were spying on him, writing “This is how White people operate and have the luxury of outnumbering all other races by almost 7 to 1 in Merica.”	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "On December 4, 2023, a duplex in the neighborhood of Bluemont, Arlington, Virginia exploded following a standoff between a resident, suspected to be 56-year-old James Yoo, and Arlington County Police.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "At around 4:45 p.m., officers responded to the home after receiving reports of shots fired and flares being fired from the property. It is believed that James Yoo, who lived in the duplex, had fired more than 30 flares from his residence into the surrounding neighborhood. No injuries or damages were caused by the flares. Police attempted to make contact with Yoo at the scene, but he did not respond. Police later obtained a warrant to search the property to secure any weapons inside and ensure there was no risk to public safety, returning with body armour.", "title": "Explosion" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "At some point, other residents of the duplex were evacuated.", "title": "Explosion" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "When police attempted to make entry to the property via the front door, several gunshots were fired from inside the residence. One neighbor, who also filmed the explosion, claimed to have seen Yoo with a rifle, shooting at police. Despite this, police continued to attempt to communicate with Yoo, to no success. Police then deployed “non-flammable, less-lethal chemical munitions” into different parts of the duplex, as they were unable to determine the precise location of Yoo, in an attempt to get him to surrender, but he did not.", "title": "Explosion" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "At around 7 p.m., the fire department cut off the gas line to the residence and evacuated surrounding homes, putting a shelter in place order for the rest of the neighborhood.", "title": "Explosion" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "At approximately 8:25 p.m., an explosion occurred which destroyed the duplex. Video shows police vehicles seemingly advancing towards the home when the explosion happens. The roof and walls of the home are blown apart and the entire home collapses and immediately becomes engulfed in flames. The explosion sent debris and embers two stories into the air and produced a large amount of smoke. Three officers received minor burn injuries from the explosion, but did not require hospitalization. Firefighters worked to extinguish the fire until 10:30 p.m. Human remains were discovered at the scene, suspected to be Yoo’s. A cause for the explosion has not yet been determined.", "title": "Explosion" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "The suspect was identified as 56-year-old James Yoo, a resident of the duplex, who is believed to have died in the explosion. VICE News called Yoo a \"conspiracy theorist\", referring to his social media accounts, which included LinkedIn and YouTube, where he wrote several \"rambling\" anti-government and conspiratorial posts dating back a number of years. Among the posts includes statements that the January 6 United States Capitol attack was an \"inside job\".", "title": "Suspect" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In 2018, Yoo filed a federal lawsuit against Rochester General Hospital and the state of New York, among other organizations and individuals, including his sister and ex-wife, alleging that they had conspired to hospitalize him against his will in 2015 as a result of the September 11 attacks and the investigation for the Mueller report. Judge Charles J. Siragusa refused to hear the case. Three days before the explosion, Yoo also claimed his next-door neighbors were spying on him, writing “This is how White people operate and have the luxury of outnumbering all other races by almost 7 to 1 in Merica.”", "title": "Suspect" } ]	On December 4, 2023, a duplex in the neighborhood of Bluemont, Arlington, Virginia exploded following a standoff between a resident, suspected to be 56-year-old James Yoo, and Arlington County Police.	2023-12-08T20:09:12Z	2023-12-28T16:46:25Z	[ "Template:Infobox civilian attack", "Template:External media", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Arlington_house_explosion
75,518,344	Md. Atiqul Islam (police officer)	Md. Atiqul Islam is an Additional Inspector General of Crime and Operation of Bangladesh Police. He is a former chief of Bangladesh Highway Police. Islam was born on 10 June 1966 in Rangpur District, East Pakistan, Pakistan. He did his undergrad in pharmacology at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. He completed his master's in philosophy at Jahangirnagar University. Islam joined the Bangladesh Civil Service police cadre in 1991. Islam was the assistant superintendent of police of Armed Police Battalion-6 in Barisal and Armed Police Battalion-8. In September 2014, Islam was appointed deputy inspector general of Bangladesh Police headquarters. Deputy Inspector General Md. Atiqul Islam was transferred from Police headquarters to Highway Police replacing Mallick Faqrul Islam who was transferred to Special Branch in October 2016. Islam was the chief of the Highway Police from 6 November 2016 to 2 July 2019. He was replaced by Barrister Mahbubur Rahman. He was the president of President of Bangladesh Police Handball Club. In May 2021, Islam was promoted to Additional Inspector General from Deputy Inspector General. He was serving as the chief of River Police/Naval Police. He is a director of Community Bank Bangladesh Limited. He called for increased invigilation over police case investigations. In December 2023, he ordered the police to increase raids to find stolen cellphones. Islam is married to Zakia Sultana, senior secretary of the Ministry of Industries.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Md. Atiqul Islam is an Additional Inspector General of Crime and Operation of Bangladesh Police. He is a former chief of Bangladesh Highway Police.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Islam was born on 10 June 1966 in Rangpur District, East Pakistan, Pakistan. He did his undergrad in pharmacology at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. He completed his master's in philosophy at Jahangirnagar University.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Islam joined the Bangladesh Civil Service police cadre in 1991. Islam was the assistant superintendent of police of Armed Police Battalion-6 in Barisal and Armed Police Battalion-8.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In September 2014, Islam was appointed deputy inspector general of Bangladesh Police headquarters.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Deputy Inspector General Md. Atiqul Islam was transferred from Police headquarters to Highway Police replacing Mallick Faqrul Islam who was transferred to Special Branch in October 2016. Islam was the chief of the Highway Police from 6 November 2016 to 2 July 2019. He was replaced by Barrister Mahbubur Rahman. He was the president of President of Bangladesh Police Handball Club.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In May 2021, Islam was promoted to Additional Inspector General from Deputy Inspector General. He was serving as the chief of River Police/Naval Police. He is a director of Community Bank Bangladesh Limited. He called for increased invigilation over police case investigations. In December 2023, he ordered the police to increase raids to find stolen cellphones.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Islam is married to Zakia Sultana, senior secretary of the Ministry of Industries.", "title": "Personal life" } ]	Md. Atiqul Islam is an Additional Inspector General of Crime and Operation of Bangladesh Police. He is a former chief of Bangladesh Highway Police.	2023-12-08T20:11:08Z	2023-12-08T20:11:08Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Md._Atiqul_Islam_(police_officer)
75,518,348	Miss Austen	Miss Austen is an upcoming four-part historical television series. It stars Keeley Hawes and Jessica Hynes. It is an adaptation by Andrea Gibb of the novel Miss Austen by Gil Hornby. Aisling Walsh is directing the series, while Stella Merz is producing for Bonnie Productions and Masterpiece. The series begins in 1830 and explores why Cassandra Austen, the sister of Jane Austen, burned all Jane's personal letters after her death. Aisling Walsh is directing the four-part series and also acts as executive producer. Executive producer on the series also include Susanne Simpson for Masterpiece, Christine Langan for Bonnie Productions, Polly Williams for Federation Stories, Keeley Hawes who stars and Andrea Gibb, who also adapted the book by Gil Hornby. Filming got underway in November 2023. The series features Keeley Hawes as Jane Austen’s eldest sibling and only sister, Cassandra and Jessica Hynes as Jane Austen’s sister-in-law, Mary. Rose Leslie is the Austen’s family friend Isabella and Mirren Mack is her servant Dinah.Also in the cast are Max Irons and Alfred Enoch. In December 2023, the BBC acquired the rights to show the series in the UK.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Miss Austen is an upcoming four-part historical television series. It stars Keeley Hawes and Jessica Hynes. It is an adaptation by Andrea Gibb of the novel Miss Austen by Gil Hornby. Aisling Walsh is directing the series, while Stella Merz is producing for Bonnie Productions and Masterpiece.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The series begins in 1830 and explores why Cassandra Austen, the sister of Jane Austen, burned all Jane's personal letters after her death.", "title": "Premise" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Aisling Walsh is directing the four-part series and also acts as executive producer. Executive producer on the series also include Susanne Simpson for Masterpiece, Christine Langan for Bonnie Productions, Polly Williams for Federation Stories, Keeley Hawes who stars and Andrea Gibb, who also adapted the book by Gil Hornby. Filming got underway in November 2023.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The series features Keeley Hawes as Jane Austen’s eldest sibling and only sister, Cassandra and Jessica Hynes as Jane Austen’s sister-in-law, Mary. Rose Leslie is the Austen’s family friend Isabella and Mirren Mack is her servant Dinah.Also in the cast are Max Irons and Alfred Enoch.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In December 2023, the BBC acquired the rights to show the series in the UK.", "title": "Broadcast" } ]	Miss Austen is an upcoming four-part historical television series. It stars Keeley Hawes and Jessica Hynes. It is an adaptation by Andrea Gibb of the novel Miss Austen by Gil Hornby. Aisling Walsh is directing the series, while Stella Merz is producing for Bonnie Productions and Masterpiece.	2023-12-08T20:11:43Z	2023-12-10T13:15:35Z	[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:IMDb title", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use British English", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox television", "Template:Reflist" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss_Austen
75,518,385	The Man Who Wasn't Maigret	The Man Who Wasn't Maigret: A Portrait of Georges Simenon is a biography about the Belgian writer Georges Simenon, written by the Englishman Patrick Marnham and published by Bloomsbury in 1992. It covers the often contradictory material about Simonon's life, including the correspondences between his prolific literary output and sexual life. The book received the 1993 Marsh Biography Award.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Man Who Wasn't Maigret: A Portrait of Georges Simenon is a biography about the Belgian writer Georges Simenon, written by the Englishman Patrick Marnham and published by Bloomsbury in 1992. It covers the often contradictory material about Simonon's life, including the correspondences between his prolific literary output and sexual life.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The book received the 1993 Marsh Biography Award.", "title": "" } ]	The Man Who Wasn't Maigret: A Portrait of Georges Simenon is a biography about the Belgian writer Georges Simenon, written by the Englishman Patrick Marnham and published by Bloomsbury in 1992. It covers the often contradictory material about Simonon's life, including the correspondences between his prolific literary output and sexual life. The book received the 1993 Marsh Biography Award.	2023-12-08T20:20:02Z	2023-12-12T22:13:51Z	[ "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Georges Simenon", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox book", "Template:Reflist" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_Who_Wasn%27t_Maigret
75,518,387	Correo (newspaper)	Diario Correo is a daily newspaper with national circulation in Peru, directed by Iván Slocovich Pardo, belonging to the El Comercio Group. It was founded in Tacna, in 1962, by the fishing entrepreneur Luis Banchero Rossi, thus giving beginning to the Nacional Periodística Nacional SA, Epensa (it replaced the Sur newspaper there). It stood out at first for carrying out local editions in Arequipa, Piura, Tacna, Huancayo and Cuzco; However, it did not have a defined political position. It reached 150 thousand copies in 1964. In 1974, when the Peruvian press was expropriated by the military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado, this newspaper became directed by Hugo Neira Samanez. Correo circulated in Lima only until the early 1980s, but continued to be published in local editions in some cities in the interior of Peru. However, during the government of Alberto Fujimori, part of his assets were seized. After the fall of the regime, in 2000, it returned to circulation in Lima under the command of Juan Carlos Tafur and shortly after substantially increased the number of its local editions in the provinces. The newspaper Correo has shown a conservative stance during the era of terrorism in the country. On April 25, 2015, Correo published on its website an article titled "La otra cara de la moneda: así atacaron los antimineros", which generated controversy over the veracity of the information, and they were accused of setting up scenes. Correo censored the publication and defended itself by blaming the general editor of the Arequipa edition, opened an internal investigation process.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Diario Correo is a daily newspaper with national circulation in Peru, directed by Iván Slocovich Pardo, belonging to the El Comercio Group.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "It was founded in Tacna, in 1962, by the fishing entrepreneur Luis Banchero Rossi, thus giving beginning to the Nacional Periodística Nacional SA, Epensa (it replaced the Sur newspaper there). It stood out at first for carrying out local editions in Arequipa, Piura, Tacna, Huancayo and Cuzco; However, it did not have a defined political position. It reached 150 thousand copies in 1964.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1974, when the Peruvian press was expropriated by the military government of Juan Velasco Alvarado, this newspaper became directed by Hugo Neira Samanez.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Correo circulated in Lima only until the early 1980s, but continued to be published in local editions in some cities in the interior of Peru. However, during the government of Alberto Fujimori, part of his assets were seized. After the fall of the regime, in 2000, it returned to circulation in Lima under the command of Juan Carlos Tafur and shortly after substantially increased the number of its local editions in the provinces.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The newspaper Correo has shown a conservative stance during the era of terrorism in the country.", "title": "Controversies" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On April 25, 2015, Correo published on its website an article titled \"La otra cara de la moneda: así atacaron los antimineros\", which generated controversy over the veracity of the information, and they were accused of setting up scenes. Correo censored the publication and defended itself by blaming the general editor of the Arequipa edition, opened an internal investigation process.", "title": "Controversies" } ]	Diario Correo is a daily newspaper with national circulation in Peru, directed by Iván Slocovich Pardo, belonging to the El Comercio Group.	2023-12-08T20:20:13Z	2023-12-26T14:09:07Z	[ "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox newspaper", "Template:Reflist" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correo_(newspaper)
75,518,399	Akçakaynak	Akçakaynak is a village in the Bulanık District, Muş Province, in east Turkey. Akçakaynak and the plateau used for animal husbandry are located on the Akdoğan Mountains.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Akçakaynak is a village in the Bulanık District, Muş Province, in east Turkey.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Akçakaynak and the plateau used for animal husbandry are located on the Akdoğan Mountains.", "title": "Geology and geography" } ]	Akçakaynak is a village in the Bulanık District, Muş Province, in east Turkey.	2023-12-08T20:22:00Z	2023-12-10T01:21:03Z	[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox Turkey place", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Muş-geo-stub" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C3%A7akaynak
75,518,405	Coulee chipmunk	The Coulee chipmunk (Neotamias grisescens) is a species of chipmunk native to the Channeled Scablands in central Washington. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Neotamias minimus. It is sympatric with both N. minimus and N. amoenus; it can be differentiated by these species due to its overall grayer coloration.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Coulee chipmunk (Neotamias grisescens) is a species of chipmunk native to the Channeled Scablands in central Washington. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Neotamias minimus. It is sympatric with both N. minimus and N. amoenus; it can be differentiated by these species due to its overall grayer coloration.", "title": "" } ]	The Coulee chipmunk is a species of chipmunk native to the Channeled Scablands in central Washington. It was formerly considered a subspecies of Neotamias minimus. It is sympatric with both N. minimus and N. amoenus; it can be differentiated by these species due to its overall grayer coloration.	2023-12-08T20:22:57Z	2023-12-21T15:35:02Z	[ "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Ground-squirrel-stub", "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulee_chipmunk
75,518,409	Calvin (novel)	Calvin is a 2015 young adult novel by Martine Leavitt. It was published by Groundwood Books. Calvin was born on December 31, 1995 — the day that the last Calvin and Hobbes strip was published. As a child, he played with a stuffed tiger named "Hobbes", and his best friend was named Susie. Eventually, the stuffed tiger fell apart, and Susie made other friends. When Calvin is 17, he is diagnosed with schizophrenia. Constantly hearing Hobbes' voice in his head, he concludes that his only hope is for Bill Watterson to draw one last strip of Calvin as a healthy 17-year-old, and thus — accompanied by Susie — he sets out to walk across the ice of Lake Erie in an attempt to reach Watterson's Cleveland home. Calvin won the 2016 Governor General's Award for English-language children's literature. Publishers Weekly called it "(f)unny, intellectual, and entertaining" and "a sensitive yet irreverent adventure about a serious subject", and noted the possibility that Susie's participation in Calvin's quest may be another hallucination. Kirkus Reviews lauded it as "outstanding" and "far more than the sum of its parts". At Quill and Quire, Eisha Marjara described the novel as "highly polished", with "virtually flawless" writing and "a plot that could have been hokey but is anything but", and compared Leavitt's dialogue to that of David Mamet. The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books found it to have a "barely credible premise", and to be "schizophrenia-lite" and "more a treatise on philosophy than psychology", but nonetheless praised its "well-paced dialogue", and emphasized its "clever sheen" on "the extreme questions of teenage angst", including "how do we know the difference between what we imagine and what is real", "how should friendships and romantic relationships work", and "how should we grieve the loss of childhood". After having written three novels about homelessness, Martine Leavitt realized that the protagonists of those novels had all become homeless for different reasons: abuse, poverty, and addiction. Since another major cause of homelessness is mental illness, she decided that she should eventually write about that topic as well. Subsequently, while rereading a Calvin and Hobbes compilation, she realized that "nowadays, Calvin would probably be diagnosed as schizophrenic", and conceived the notion of "Calvin, having schizophrenia, feel[ing] that he's been given this illness by Bill Watterson, his creator" and asking Watterson to cure him; since a pilgrimage to find Bill Watterson did not in itself seem particularly interesting, Leavitt integrated elements from the story of Dave Voelker, who walked across the ice of Lake Erie in winter.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Calvin is a 2015 young adult novel by Martine Leavitt. It was published by Groundwood Books.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Calvin was born on December 31, 1995 — the day that the last Calvin and Hobbes strip was published. As a child, he played with a stuffed tiger named \"Hobbes\", and his best friend was named Susie. Eventually, the stuffed tiger fell apart, and Susie made other friends.", "title": "Synopsis" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "When Calvin is 17, he is diagnosed with schizophrenia. Constantly hearing Hobbes' voice in his head, he concludes that his only hope is for Bill Watterson to draw one last strip of Calvin as a healthy 17-year-old, and thus — accompanied by Susie — he sets out to walk across the ice of Lake Erie in an attempt to reach Watterson's Cleveland home.", "title": "Synopsis" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Calvin won the 2016 Governor General's Award for English-language children's literature.", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Publishers Weekly called it \"(f)unny, intellectual, and entertaining\" and \"a sensitive yet irreverent adventure about a serious subject\", and noted the possibility that Susie's participation in Calvin's quest may be another hallucination. Kirkus Reviews lauded it as \"outstanding\" and \"far more than the sum of its parts\".", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "At Quill and Quire, Eisha Marjara described the novel as \"highly polished\", with \"virtually flawless\" writing and \"a plot that could have been hokey but is anything but\", and compared Leavitt's dialogue to that of David Mamet. The Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books found it to have a \"barely credible premise\", and to be \"schizophrenia-lite\" and \"more a treatise on philosophy than psychology\", but nonetheless praised its \"well-paced dialogue\", and emphasized its \"clever sheen\" on \"the extreme questions of teenage angst\", including \"how do we know the difference between what we imagine and what is real\", \"how should friendships and romantic relationships work\", and \"how should we grieve the loss of childhood\".", "title": "Reception" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After having written three novels about homelessness, Martine Leavitt realized that the protagonists of those novels had all become homeless for different reasons: abuse, poverty, and addiction. Since another major cause of homelessness is mental illness, she decided that she should eventually write about that topic as well. Subsequently, while rereading a Calvin and Hobbes compilation, she realized that \"nowadays, Calvin would probably be diagnosed as schizophrenic\", and conceived the notion of \"Calvin, having schizophrenia, feel[ing] that he's been given this illness by Bill Watterson, his creator\" and asking Watterson to cure him; since a pilgrimage to find Bill Watterson did not in itself seem particularly interesting, Leavitt integrated elements from the story of Dave Voelker, who walked across the ice of Lake Erie in winter.", "title": "Origin" } ]	Calvin is a 2015 young adult novel by Martine Leavitt. It was published by Groundwood Books.	2023-12-08T20:23:17Z	2023-12-29T23:49:21Z	[ "Template:Doi", "Template:Governor General's English children's literature", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin_(novel)
75,518,436	Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam	Abdel Aziz bin Ali bin Ahmad bin Mahammad bin Ishaq bin el-Farag Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam (Egyptian Arabic: عبد العزيز بن علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن إسحاق بن الفرج أبو عدي المصري بن الإمام) (31 – 903 May 991), commonly known as Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam and nicknamed Sheikh al-Islam (شيخ الإسلام, lit 'Sheikh of Islam') and Assad al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'a (أسد السنة و الجماعة, lit 'Lion of the Sunnah and group'), was an Egyptian judge, religious scholar and Sheikh of Islam and is considered one of the famous Egyptian judges and religious scholars in the Abbasid and Fatimid eras, and the first to bear the name 'bin el-Emam'. It is the name of the el-Emam family, a noble Egyptian family from which many judges and princes appeared in the Middle Ages. To this day, it is considered one of the largest and most notable Egyptian families. He is considered the founder of the el-Emam family and is the ancestor of the famous Egyptian prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam, one of the most famous and powerful princes of the Egyptian Sultanate. Abu Uday, or Abdel Aziz, was born in the el-Emam's family home in Egypt in the year 903, that is, in the late era of the first Egyptian Emirate. His father was an imam and a great Egyptian sheikh who had his say. Judge Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam is considered one of the most famous sheikhs of the Sunnah and the group in the Fatimid era, in addition to the fact that he was in the position of Sheikh of the Sheikhs of the reciters of Egypt and the Musnad of the reciters of Egypt, he had noble attempts to confront the attempts to Shiite Egypt at the hands of the ruling Fatimid family at the time. The Sunnis and the group in Egypt considered him a brave hero and their representative. Judge Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam became famous throughout the Islamic world and was known for his abundant knowledge and good reputation, which made Egypt a destination for Muslim scholars, especially religious scholars. Judge Abu Uday bin el-Imam is considered the one who completed the transmission of Warsh bin Nafi's narration to read the Holy Qur’an to the people of the Islamic Maghreb, who use Warsh bin Nafi's narration to this day. So he recorded the recitation of Warsh bin Nafi’ and recited it to many sheikhs who transmitted it to the Maghreb with its correct pronunciation. The most famous of them was Sheikh Ahmed bin Nafis, who would read the narration with its correct pronunciation to Sheikh bin Al-Fahham, who would support it. Abu Uday also narrated many hadiths of the Prophet A large number of sheikhs heard from him Such as Ali bin Qadid and Muhammad bin Zaban. A number of people also narrated the hadith from him, including Sheikh Yahya bin Al-Tahan. After a great and busy career, Judge Abu Uday Abdel Aziz bin Al-Imam died on May 31, 991 during the reign of the Egyptian Caliph el-Aziz Billah, at the age of 88. Imam Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi said about him: "He is the highest through whom I read the Qur’an.” Ibn al-Jazari said about him: “Abu Uday was a reciter and hadith narrator, a leader, an officer, the sheikh of the sheikhs of Egypt and their supporter, and he was a pious and honest sheikh.”	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Abdel Aziz bin Ali bin Ahmad bin Mahammad bin Ishaq bin el-Farag Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam (Egyptian Arabic: عبد العزيز بن علي بن أحمد بن محمد بن إسحاق بن الفرج أبو عدي المصري بن الإمام) (31 – 903 May 991), commonly known as Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam and nicknamed Sheikh al-Islam (شيخ الإسلام, lit 'Sheikh of Islam') and Assad al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'a (أسد السنة و الجماعة, lit 'Lion of the Sunnah and group'), was an Egyptian judge, religious scholar and Sheikh of Islam and is considered one of the famous Egyptian judges and religious scholars in the Abbasid and Fatimid eras, and the first to bear the name 'bin el-Emam'. It is the name of the el-Emam family, a noble Egyptian family from which many judges and princes appeared in the Middle Ages. To this day, it is considered one of the largest and most notable Egyptian families. He is considered the founder of the el-Emam family and is the ancestor of the famous Egyptian prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam, one of the most famous and powerful princes of the Egyptian Sultanate.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Abu Uday, or Abdel Aziz, was born in the el-Emam's family home in Egypt in the year 903, that is, in the late era of the first Egyptian Emirate. His father was an imam and a great Egyptian sheikh who had his say.", "title": "Early life" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Judge Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam is considered one of the most famous sheikhs of the Sunnah and the group in the Fatimid era, in addition to the fact that he was in the position of Sheikh of the Sheikhs of the reciters of Egypt and the Musnad of the reciters of Egypt, he had noble attempts to confront the attempts to Shiite Egypt at the hands of the ruling Fatimid family at the time. The Sunnis and the group in Egypt considered him a brave hero and their representative.", "title": "Accomplishments" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Judge Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam became famous throughout the Islamic world and was known for his abundant knowledge and good reputation, which made Egypt a destination for Muslim scholars, especially religious scholars.", "title": "Accomplishments" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Judge Abu Uday bin el-Imam is considered the one who completed the transmission of Warsh bin Nafi's narration to read the Holy Qur’an to the people of the Islamic Maghreb, who use Warsh bin Nafi's narration to this day. So he recorded the recitation of Warsh bin Nafi’ and recited it to many sheikhs who transmitted it to the Maghreb with its correct pronunciation. The most famous of them was Sheikh Ahmed bin Nafis, who would read the narration with its correct pronunciation to Sheikh bin Al-Fahham, who would support it.", "title": "Accomplishments" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Abu Uday also narrated many hadiths of the Prophet A large number of sheikhs heard from him Such as Ali bin Qadid and Muhammad bin Zaban. A number of people also narrated the hadith from him, including Sheikh Yahya bin Al-Tahan.", "title": "Accomplishments" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "After a great and busy career, Judge Abu Uday Abdel Aziz bin Al-Imam died on May 31, 991 during the reign of the Egyptian Caliph el-Aziz Billah, at the age of 88.", "title": "Death" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Imam Shams al-Din al-Dhahabi said about him:", "title": "Legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "\"He is the highest through whom I read the Qur’an.”", "title": "Legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Ibn al-Jazari said about him:", "title": "Legacy" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "“Abu Uday was a reciter and hadith narrator, a leader, an officer, the sheikh of the sheikhs of Egypt and their supporter, and he was a pious and honest sheikh.”", "title": "Legacy" } ]	Abdel Aziz bin Ali bin Ahmad bin Mahammad bin Ishaq bin el-Farag Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam, commonly known as Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam and nicknamed Sheikh al-Islam and Assad al-Sunnah wa al-Jama'a, was an Egyptian judge, religious scholar and Sheikh of Islam and is considered one of the famous Egyptian judges and religious scholars in the Abbasid and Fatimid eras, and the first to bear the name 'bin el-Emam'. It is the name of the el-Emam family, a noble Egyptian family from which many judges and princes appeared in the Middle Ages. To this day, it is considered one of the largest and most notable Egyptian families. He is considered the founder of the el-Emam family and is the ancestor of the famous Egyptian prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam, one of the most famous and powerful princes of the Egyptian Sultanate.	2023-12-08T20:27:16Z	2023-12-20T13:38:25Z	[ "Template:Infobox religious biography", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu_Uday_el-Masry_bin_el-Emam
75,518,479	2023 European Short Course Swimming Championships	The 2023 European Short Course Swimming Championships (25 m) were held in Otopeni, Romania, from 5 to 10 December 2023 at the Aquatics Complex. * Host nation (Romania)	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023 European Short Course Swimming Championships (25 m) were held in Otopeni, Romania, from 5 to 10 December 2023 at the Aquatics Complex.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "* Host nation (Romania)", "title": "Medal table" } ]	The 2023 European Short Course Swimming Championships were held in Otopeni, Romania, from 5 to 10 December 2023 at the Aquatics Complex.	2023-12-08T20:33:11Z	2023-12-14T18:30:48Z	[ "Template:GRE", "Template:SWE", "Template:FRA", "Template:Infobox swimming meet", "Template:MedalistTable", "Template:GBR2", "Template:ITA", "Template:LEN swimming champs", "Template:European championships in 2023", "Template:Medals table", "Template:NED", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Flagmedalist", "Template:WR", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_European_Short_Course_Swimming_Championships
75,518,480	Volodia Vaisman	Volodia Vaisman (25 December 1937 – 4 December 2023) was a Romanian-French chess player. He became an International Master in 1975. Born in Bălți on 25 December 1937, Vaisman evacuated from the Eastern Front in World War II with his mother, going to Central Asia. He lost his father during the war and survived a land mine explosion which killed two other children. After the war, he returned to Romania and settled in Botoșani. He attended the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University in Iași and thereafter became a Romanian teacher and chess player. He achieved the rank of International Master in 1975 and could subsequently play in tournaments. In 1984, Vaisman took advantage of a tournament to escape the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime with his wife, settling in Montpellier. He was granted political asylum and obtained French citizenship in 1986. He trained chess players such as Sophie Milliet. He joined Échecs Club Montpellier [fr], which moved up to the first division [fr] in 1987. He left following the death of Jean-Claude Loubatière [fr] and the arrival of Sylvaine Milliet. Volodia Vaisman died on 4 December 2023 at the age of 85.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Volodia Vaisman (25 December 1937 – 4 December 2023) was a Romanian-French chess player. He became an International Master in 1975.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Bălți on 25 December 1937, Vaisman evacuated from the Eastern Front in World War II with his mother, going to Central Asia. He lost his father during the war and survived a land mine explosion which killed two other children. After the war, he returned to Romania and settled in Botoșani. He attended the Alexandru Ioan Cuza University in Iași and thereafter became a Romanian teacher and chess player. He achieved the rank of International Master in 1975 and could subsequently play in tournaments.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In 1984, Vaisman took advantage of a tournament to escape the Nicolae Ceaușescu regime with his wife, settling in Montpellier. He was granted political asylum and obtained French citizenship in 1986. He trained chess players such as Sophie Milliet. He joined Échecs Club Montpellier [fr], which moved up to the first division [fr] in 1987. He left following the death of Jean-Claude Loubatière [fr] and the arrival of Sylvaine Milliet.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Volodia Vaisman died on 4 December 2023 at the age of 85.", "title": "Biography" } ]	Volodia Vaisman was a Romanian-French chess player. He became an International Master in 1975.	2023-12-08T20:33:15Z	2023-12-09T17:36:14Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Ill" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volodia_Vaisman
75,518,496	Jantsar	Jantsar (Kaithi: 𑂔𑂢𑂹𑂞𑂮𑂰𑂩; Devanagari: जंतसार; IAST: jāṃtasār) are a type of Bhojpuri folk songs sung by women while by grinding something in a hand-mill made of stone (jāṃtā). These songs describe the hard and painful labour undergone by women who grind Wheat in heavy Grinding wheel. These songs are considered as the labour songs in Bhojpuri folk culture as they are sung while doing labour. The labour songs sung by women (i.e. Jatsaar) are different from that of men. These songs are sweet and full of pathos. The are sung to a characteristic melody which fits well with the movement of the mill. Jantsar (jāṃtasāra) is composed of two words: jāṃt and sār. Jant is the name of the grinding wheel on which whear is grinded and sar means house or place. Thus, it refers to the songs that are sung in the room in which wheat are grinded. Jantsar songs can be categorized on the basis of quality and quantity of the wheat viz. Chhatkahi, Pavahi, Serahi, Duserahi, Teen-Serahi, Paserahi.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jantsar (Kaithi: 𑂔𑂢𑂹𑂞𑂮𑂰𑂩; Devanagari: जंतसार; IAST: jāṃtasār) are a type of Bhojpuri folk songs sung by women while by grinding something in a hand-mill made of stone (jāṃtā). These songs describe the hard and painful labour undergone by women who grind Wheat in heavy Grinding wheel. These songs are considered as the labour songs in Bhojpuri folk culture as they are sung while doing labour. The labour songs sung by women (i.e. Jatsaar) are different from that of men. These songs are sweet and full of pathos. The are sung to a characteristic melody which fits well with the movement of the mill.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Jantsar (jāṃtasāra) is composed of two words: jāṃt and sār. Jant is the name of the grinding wheel on which whear is grinded and sar means house or place. Thus, it refers to the songs that are sung in the room in which wheat are grinded.", "title": "Name" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Jantsar songs can be categorized on the basis of quality and quantity of the wheat viz. Chhatkahi, Pavahi, Serahi, Duserahi, Teen-Serahi, Paserahi.", "title": "Types" } ]	Jantsar are a type of Bhojpuri folk songs sung by women while by grinding something in a hand-mill made of stone (jāṃtā). These songs describe the hard and painful labour undergone by women who grind Wheat in heavy Grinding wheel. These songs are considered as the labour songs in Bhojpuri folk culture as they are sung while doing labour. The labour songs sung by women are different from that of men. These songs are sweet and full of pathos. The are sung to a characteristic melody which fits well with the movement of the mill.	2023-12-08T20:37:02Z	2023-12-29T20:47:20Z	[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Verse translation", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jantsar
75,518,513	Ojo (newspaper)	Ojo is a Peruvian tabloid newspaper founded in 1968 by businessman Luis Banchero Rossi. Ojo was founded on March 14, 1968 as a morning newspaper in Lima. Its founder was the businessman Luis Banchero Rossi, who had already founded the newspaper chain Correo, under the leadership of the Empresa Periodística Nacional SA (Epensa). For this journalistic adventure, Banchero counted his brother-in-law Enrique Agois Paulsen as a partner. Its first director was Raúl Villarán and the value of each copy was S/.1.00. After the murder of Luis Banchero, the Agois family continued to run the Epensa journalism company. Both Correo and Ojo were seized at the hands of the military dictatorship of Juan Velasco Alvarado in 1974, which they recovered with the restoration of democracy in 1980. In the following decades, Epensa launched new journalistic creations, the sports newspaper El Bocón and newspaper Ajá. In 2013, the El Comercio Group acquired 54 % of the Epensa shareholding package, taking over printing, marketing and advertising, while Epensa retained management of the contents of Correo, Ojo and El Bocón. Consequently, in 2014, Epensa (transformed into Epensa Group SAC) changed its social rationale for that of Pressmart SAC. In 2018, Grupo El Comercio bought all of the shares of Prensmart SAC. The Epensa SAC Group (Gesac), headed by Luis Agois, continued to be in charge of the editorial line of Correo, Ojo and El Bocón until 2019.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ojo is a Peruvian tabloid newspaper founded in 1968 by businessman Luis Banchero Rossi.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ojo was founded on March 14, 1968 as a morning newspaper in Lima. Its founder was the businessman Luis Banchero Rossi, who had already founded the newspaper chain Correo, under the leadership of the Empresa Periodística Nacional SA (Epensa). For this journalistic adventure, Banchero counted his brother-in-law Enrique Agois Paulsen as a partner. Its first director was Raúl Villarán and the value of each copy was S/.1.00.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "After the murder of Luis Banchero, the Agois family continued to run the Epensa journalism company. Both Correo and Ojo were seized at the hands of the military dictatorship of Juan Velasco Alvarado in 1974, which they recovered with the restoration of democracy in 1980. In the following decades, Epensa launched new journalistic creations, the sports newspaper El Bocón and newspaper Ajá.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "In 2013, the El Comercio Group acquired 54 % of the Epensa shareholding package, taking over printing, marketing and advertising, while Epensa retained management of the contents of Correo, Ojo and El Bocón. Consequently, in 2014, Epensa (transformed into Epensa Group SAC) changed its social rationale for that of Pressmart SAC.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "In 2018, Grupo El Comercio bought all of the shares of Prensmart SAC. The Epensa SAC Group (Gesac), headed by Luis Agois, continued to be in charge of the editorial line of Correo, Ojo and El Bocón until 2019.", "title": "History" } ]	Ojo is a Peruvian tabloid newspaper founded in 1968 by businessman Luis Banchero Rossi.	2023-12-08T20:40:33Z	2023-12-08T21:43:07Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox newspaper" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojo_(newspaper)
75,518,520	Travis Hendrix	Travis Hendrix is an American politician and police officer. He is a Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives, representing District 55. A sergeant in the Birmingham police department, he won a special election to succeed Fred Plump Jr., who resigned after pleading guilty to federal corruption charges. Born and raised in the Ensley neighborhood of Birmingham, Hendrix attended Ensley High School before completing his GED. He obtained a bachelor's degree from Miles College and a master's degree from Oakland City University. On May 23, 2023, it was revealed that former representative Fred Plump Jr. was federally charged and would resign from the legislature. In June of 2023, Alabama Governor Kay Ivey called a special election to fill the district 55 seat vacated by Plump. Hendrix was one of seven Democrats to qualify for the seat. No Republican or Independent candidates filed. Hendrix ran on addressing economic growth, education, and public safety. Hendrix was endorsed by multiple Democratic state lawmakers and officials, including house minority leader Anthony Daniels and Birmingham Mayor Randall Woodfin. Hendrix placed first in the Democratic Primary election on September 26, 2023, but the race went to a runoff election because no candidate received fifty percent or more of the vote. Hendrix won the runoff election on October 24, 2023, receiving over 65% of the vote. Hendrix was sworn in on December 12 in Fairfield, Alabama.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Travis Hendrix is an American politician and police officer. He is a Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives, representing District 55.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A sergeant in the Birmingham police department, he won a special election to succeed Fred Plump Jr., who resigned after pleading guilty to federal corruption charges.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Born and raised in the Ensley neighborhood of Birmingham, Hendrix attended Ensley High School before completing his GED. He obtained a bachelor's degree from Miles College and a master's degree from Oakland City University.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "On May 23, 2023, it was revealed that former representative Fred Plump Jr. was federally charged and would resign from the legislature. In June of 2023, Alabama Governor Kay Ivey called a special election to fill the district 55 seat vacated by Plump. Hendrix was one of seven Democrats to qualify for the seat. No Republican or Independent candidates filed. Hendrix ran on addressing economic growth, education, and public safety. Hendrix was endorsed by multiple Democratic state lawmakers and officials, including house minority leader Anthony Daniels and Birmingham Mayor Randall Woodfin.", "title": "Election to the Alabama House of Representatives" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Hendrix placed first in the Democratic Primary election on September 26, 2023, but the race went to a runoff election because no candidate received fifty percent or more of the vote. Hendrix won the runoff election on October 24, 2023, receiving over 65% of the vote. Hendrix was sworn in on December 12 in Fairfield, Alabama.", "title": "Election to the Alabama House of Representatives" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]	Travis Hendrix is an American politician and police officer. He is a Democratic member of the Alabama House of Representatives, representing District 55. A sergeant in the Birmingham police department, he won a special election to succeed Fred Plump Jr., who resigned after pleading guilty to federal corruption charges. Born and raised in the Ensley neighborhood of Birmingham, Hendrix attended Ensley High School before completing his GED. He obtained a bachelor's degree from Miles College and a master's degree from Oakland City University.	2023-12-08T20:41:41Z	2023-12-25T05:25:26Z	[ "Template:S-start", "Template:S-ttl", "Template:S-aft", "Template:S-end", "Template:Short description", "Template:Election box end", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Alabama House of Representatives", "Template:Election box winning candidate with party link no change", "Template:Election box candidate with party link no change", "Template:S-par", "Template:Infobox officeholder", "Template:Ballotpedia", "Template:Alabama-politician-stub", "Template:S-bef", "Template:Election box begin no change", "Template:Election box total no change", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travis_Hendrix
75,518,523	Barbara Braden	Barbara J. Braden (November 7, 1943 – June 24, 2023) was an American nurse, nurse educator, college administrator, and medical researcher. She was co-developer of the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk, and held several administrative positions at Creighton University, including dean of the Graduate School from 1995 to 2006, and dean of the College of Professional Studies from 2002 to 2011. She was inducted into the Nebraska Nursing Hall of Fame. Braden was born in North Platte, Nebraska, the daughter of William Braden and Norene Klosen Braden (later Duggan). Her father died in Germany during World War II, and she was raised by her widowed mother on her grandparents' farm near Stapleton, Nebraska, and in Griswold, Iowa after her mother remarried. She graduated from Mount Loretto High School in Council Bluffs, Iowa. She trained as a nurse at St. Joseph's School of Nursing in Omaha, graduated from Creighton University with a bachelor's degree in nursing in 1973, and earned a master's degree in nursing from the University of California, San Francisco in 1975. She completed doctoral studies at the University of Texas at Austin in 1988. At Creighton University, Braden was a professor of medical surgical nursing. She was dean of the Graduate School from 1995 to 2006, interim academic vice president in 2002, and dean of the College of Professional Studies from 2002 until her retirement in 2011. She received the College of Nursing Alumni Merit Award in 1989, the Distinguished Administrator Service Award in 2008, and the Alumni Achievement Citation in 2013. As part of her dissertation research, Braden and Nancy Bergstrom developed the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk in 1987, an assessment tool which was soon widely used in healthcare facilities, including hospitals and nursing homes. She founded a company, Prevention Plus, for marketing educational and support materials related to use of the Braden Scale. Braden was a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing. She was inducted into the Nebraska Nursing Hall of Fame. In 1991, she was named a "Woman of Distinction" by the Omaha YWCA. In 2001, she received a lifetime achievement award from European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. She served on the boards of the Madonna Rehabilitation Hospitals and the Nebraska AIDS Project. Braden married Erin Wetzel in 2019. She died in 2023, at the age of 79, from brain cancer.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Barbara J. Braden (November 7, 1943 – June 24, 2023) was an American nurse, nurse educator, college administrator, and medical researcher. She was co-developer of the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk, and held several administrative positions at Creighton University, including dean of the Graduate School from 1995 to 2006, and dean of the College of Professional Studies from 2002 to 2011. She was inducted into the Nebraska Nursing Hall of Fame.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Braden was born in North Platte, Nebraska, the daughter of William Braden and Norene Klosen Braden (later Duggan). Her father died in Germany during World War II, and she was raised by her widowed mother on her grandparents' farm near Stapleton, Nebraska, and in Griswold, Iowa after her mother remarried. She graduated from Mount Loretto High School in Council Bluffs, Iowa. She trained as a nurse at St. Joseph's School of Nursing in Omaha, graduated from Creighton University with a bachelor's degree in nursing in 1973, and earned a master's degree in nursing from the University of California, San Francisco in 1975. She completed doctoral studies at the University of Texas at Austin in 1988.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "At Creighton University, Braden was a professor of medical surgical nursing. She was dean of the Graduate School from 1995 to 2006, interim academic vice president in 2002, and dean of the College of Professional Studies from 2002 until her retirement in 2011. She received the College of Nursing Alumni Merit Award in 1989, the Distinguished Administrator Service Award in 2008, and the Alumni Achievement Citation in 2013.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "As part of her dissertation research, Braden and Nancy Bergstrom developed the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk in 1987, an assessment tool which was soon widely used in healthcare facilities, including hospitals and nursing homes. She founded a company, Prevention Plus, for marketing educational and support materials related to use of the Braden Scale.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Braden was a fellow of the American Academy of Nursing. She was inducted into the Nebraska Nursing Hall of Fame. In 1991, she was named a \"Woman of Distinction\" by the Omaha YWCA. In 2001, she received a lifetime achievement award from European Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel. She served on the boards of the Madonna Rehabilitation Hospitals and the Nebraska AIDS Project.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Braden married Erin Wetzel in 2019. She died in 2023, at the age of 79, from brain cancer.", "title": "Personal life" } ]	Barbara J. Braden was an American nurse, nurse educator, college administrator, and medical researcher. She was co-developer of the Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk, and held several administrative positions at Creighton University, including dean of the Graduate School from 1995 to 2006, and dean of the College of Professional Studies from 2002 to 2011. She was inducted into the Nebraska Nursing Hall of Fame.	2023-12-08T20:42:34Z	2023-12-14T00:25:05Z	[ "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite journal" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Braden
75,518,525	The Rape of Lucretia (Ficherelli)	The Rape of Lucretia (also catalogued as Lucretia and Tarquin, Tarquinius and Lucretia, and otherwise) may refer to several paintings, variations of the same subject, which are usually attributed to either Felice Ficherelli or Guido Cagnacci and dated to the late 1630s or about 1640. The first and much the largest version is in the gallery of the Accademia Nazionale di San Luca, Rome. It is traditionally attributed to Cagnacci, but more recent scholarship favours Ficherelli. There is an autograph replica in the storage of the Florentine Galleries. Another, smaller copy on copper is in the Wallace Collection, London. The subject is the legendary rape of Lucretia, as recounted by the ancient Roman historian Livy; specifically the moment in Livy's account when Tarquinius has Lucretia cornered at sword-point in her bedchamber and threatens to kill and disgrace her. The subject is from Livy's Ab Urbe Condita (1.57–9). Lucretia was a Roman noblewoman, wife of Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, famed for her beauty and domestic virtues. Sextus Tarquinius, one of the sons of Tarquinius Superbus, king of Rome, was so inflamed by her beauty and purity that he endeavoured to ravish her whilst enjoying the hospitality of his absent comrade, Collatinus. Tarquinius secretly entered Lucretia's bedchamber at night, wakening her with an announcement of the sword in his hand. After failing repeatedly to persuade her to his lust, he finally threatened to kill his own slave and herself and lay their corpses naked together, falsely informing her kinsmen that he had discovered the pair in the act of adultery and so slew them; whereupon she acquiesced. Having been outraged by Tarquinius, Lucretia faithfully informed her father and her husband, and, after exacting an oath of vengeance from them, stabbed herself to death. Lucius Junius Brutus, her husband's cousin, then led his kinsmen and their followers to overthrow the Tarquin monarchy and establish the Roman Republic. This story, which is also found in Ovid's Fasti, is the source of many Baroque works. In the foreground of the painting, Tarquinius wears a gold-embroidered blue coat with the sleeves rolled up for the vulgar task ahead. Lucretia is abed, nude but for a small fold of her pinkish coverlet, and resists Tarquinius, who holds her with his left hand and threatens her with a dagger (resembling a stiletto) in his right. She tries to use her arms defensively and a blush of mingled shame and exertion reddens her cheeks. There are pearls in her dark blonde hair. In the left of the background, Tarquinius's slave keeps sentinel, looking from a doorway. The costume and interior have been updated from ancient Rome to the 17th century, transforming the scene into the recognisable bedroom of a modern Italian home. Aristide Sartorio (1911) provides the following, unsupported anecdote: "[T]he artist's daring innovation of robing Tarquin as a soldier of his day caused some astonishment among our forefathers then unused to such up to date freedoms." However, Titian's Tarquin and Lucretia of 1571 had also depicted contemporary dress. Francesca Baldassari notes the theatrical effect of the gold-fringed maroon and lilac curtains or drapes which frame the action like a play; also the position of the figures, close to the picture plane and slightly above the viewer's gaze.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Rape of Lucretia (also catalogued as Lucretia and Tarquin, Tarquinius and Lucretia, and otherwise) may refer to several paintings, variations of the same subject, which are usually attributed to either Felice Ficherelli or Guido Cagnacci and dated to the late 1630s or about 1640.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The first and much the largest version is in the gallery of the Accademia Nazionale di San Luca, Rome. It is traditionally attributed to Cagnacci, but more recent scholarship favours Ficherelli. There is an autograph replica in the storage of the Florentine Galleries. Another, smaller copy on copper is in the Wallace Collection, London.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The subject is the legendary rape of Lucretia, as recounted by the ancient Roman historian Livy; specifically the moment in Livy's account when Tarquinius has Lucretia cornered at sword-point in her bedchamber and threatens to kill and disgrace her.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The subject is from Livy's Ab Urbe Condita (1.57–9). Lucretia was a Roman noblewoman, wife of Lucius Tarquinius Collatinus, famed for her beauty and domestic virtues. Sextus Tarquinius, one of the sons of Tarquinius Superbus, king of Rome, was so inflamed by her beauty and purity that he endeavoured to ravish her whilst enjoying the hospitality of his absent comrade, Collatinus.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Tarquinius secretly entered Lucretia's bedchamber at night, wakening her with an announcement of the sword in his hand. After failing repeatedly to persuade her to his lust, he finally threatened to kill his own slave and herself and lay their corpses naked together, falsely informing her kinsmen that he had discovered the pair in the act of adultery and so slew them; whereupon she acquiesced.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Having been outraged by Tarquinius, Lucretia faithfully informed her father and her husband, and, after exacting an oath of vengeance from them, stabbed herself to death. Lucius Junius Brutus, her husband's cousin, then led his kinsmen and their followers to overthrow the Tarquin monarchy and establish the Roman Republic. This story, which is also found in Ovid's Fasti, is the source of many Baroque works.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In the foreground of the painting, Tarquinius wears a gold-embroidered blue coat with the sleeves rolled up for the vulgar task ahead. Lucretia is abed, nude but for a small fold of her pinkish coverlet, and resists Tarquinius, who holds her with his left hand and threatens her with a dagger (resembling a stiletto) in his right. She tries to use her arms defensively and a blush of mingled shame and exertion reddens her cheeks. There are pearls in her dark blonde hair. In the left of the background, Tarquinius's slave keeps sentinel, looking from a doorway.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "The costume and interior have been updated from ancient Rome to the 17th century, transforming the scene into the recognisable bedroom of a modern Italian home. Aristide Sartorio (1911) provides the following, unsupported anecdote: \"[T]he artist's daring innovation of robing Tarquin as a soldier of his day caused some astonishment among our forefathers then unused to such up to date freedoms.\" However, Titian's Tarquin and Lucretia of 1571 had also depicted contemporary dress. Francesca Baldassari notes the theatrical effect of the gold-fringed maroon and lilac curtains or drapes which frame the action like a play; also the position of the figures, close to the picture plane and slightly above the viewer's gaze.", "title": "Description" } ]	The Rape of Lucretia may refer to several paintings, variations of the same subject, which are usually attributed to either Felice Ficherelli or Guido Cagnacci and dated to the late 1630s or about 1640. The first and much the largest version is in the gallery of the Accademia Nazionale di San Luca, Rome. It is traditionally attributed to Cagnacci, but more recent scholarship favours Ficherelli. There is an autograph replica in the storage of the Florentine Galleries. Another, smaller copy on copper is in the Wallace Collection, London. The subject is the legendary rape of Lucretia, as recounted by the ancient Roman historian Livy; specifically the moment in Livy's account when Tarquinius has Lucretia cornered at sword-point in her bedchamber and threatens to kill and disgrace her.	2023-12-08T20:42:39Z	2023-12-24T00:00:58Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite encyclopedia", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite EB1911", "Template:Guido Cagnacci", "Template:Italic title", "Template:Efn", "Template:Circa", "Template:Commons-inline", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Rape_of_Lucretia_(Ficherelli)
75,518,526	Acatitán	Acatitán is a mexican town located in San Ignacio Municipality, Sinaloa. It has just over 150 inhabitants. It is a place little frequented by tourists. The majority of its population is dedicated to agriculture and livestock.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Acatitán is a mexican town located in San Ignacio Municipality, Sinaloa. It has just over 150 inhabitants. It is a place little frequented by tourists. The majority of its population is dedicated to agriculture and livestock.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "", "title": "External links" } ]	Acatitán is a mexican town located in San Ignacio Municipality, Sinaloa. It has just over 150 inhabitants. It is a place little frequented by tourists. The majority of its population is dedicated to agriculture and livestock.	2023-12-08T20:42:46Z	2023-12-11T12:38:23Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Commonscatinline", "Template:Sinaloa-geo-stub", "Template:One source", "Template:Short description" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acatit%C3%A1n
75,518,535	Minzasolmin	Minzasolmin (development names DLX313 and UCB0599) is an experimental small-molecule drug developed for Parkinson's disease that is designed to prevent misfolding of α-synuclein.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Minzasolmin (development names DLX313 and UCB0599) is an experimental small-molecule drug developed for Parkinson's disease that is designed to prevent misfolding of α-synuclein.", "title": "" } ]	Minzasolmin is an experimental small-molecule drug developed for Parkinson's disease that is designed to prevent misfolding of α-synuclein.	2023-12-08T20:44:35Z	2023-12-10T05:55:21Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite journal" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minzasolmin
75,518,576	Jamie Ceasar	Jamie Ceasar is an American film photographer from Columbus, Ohio known for his documentary photographs and portraits. Ceasar has exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum and the Schumacher Gallery at Capital University. Ceasar's influences include photographers Gordon Parks, Don Hogan Charles, Jamel Shabazz and Deana Lawson. In 2020, the Greater Columbus Arts Council granted him an Art Unites CBUS award for his work documenting the George Floyd protests in the city. Ceasar is also the founder of The Film Cypher, a Columbus-based photography collective.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jamie Ceasar is an American film photographer from Columbus, Ohio known for his documentary photographs and portraits. Ceasar has exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum and the Schumacher Gallery at Capital University.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Ceasar's influences include photographers Gordon Parks, Don Hogan Charles, Jamel Shabazz and Deana Lawson. In 2020, the Greater Columbus Arts Council granted him an Art Unites CBUS award for his work documenting the George Floyd protests in the city.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Ceasar is also the founder of The Film Cypher, a Columbus-based photography collective.", "title": "" } ]	Jamie Ceasar is an American film photographer from Columbus, Ohio known for his documentary photographs and portraits. Ceasar has exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum and the Schumacher Gallery at Capital University. Ceasar's influences include photographers Gordon Parks, Don Hogan Charles, Jamel Shabazz and Deana Lawson. In 2020, the Greater Columbus Arts Council granted him an Art Unites CBUS award for his work documenting the George Floyd protests in the city. Ceasar is also the founder of The Film Cypher, a Columbus-based photography collective.	2023-12-08T20:50:02Z	2023-12-09T10:37:02Z	[ "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Authority control", "Template:US-photographer-stub" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamie_Ceasar
75,518,577	List of Intangible Cultural Heritage elements in Portugal	The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) intangible cultural heritage elements are the non-physical traditions and practices performed by a people. As part of a country's cultural heritage, they include celebrations, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music, and the making of handicrafts. The "intangible cultural heritage" is defined by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, drafted in 2003 and took effect in 2006. Inscription of new heritage elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, an organisation established by the convention. Portugal ratified the convention on 21 May 2008. It registered its first element on the representative list in 2011.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) intangible cultural heritage elements are the non-physical traditions and practices performed by a people. As part of a country's cultural heritage, they include celebrations, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music, and the making of handicrafts. The \"intangible cultural heritage\" is defined by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, drafted in 2003 and took effect in 2006. Inscription of new heritage elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, an organisation established by the convention.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Portugal ratified the convention on 21 May 2008. It registered its first element on the representative list in 2011.", "title": "" } ]	The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) intangible cultural heritage elements are the non-physical traditions and practices performed by a people. As part of a country's cultural heritage, they include celebrations, festivals, performances, oral traditions, music, and the making of handicrafts. The "intangible cultural heritage" is defined by the Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, drafted in 2003 and took effect in 2006. Inscription of new heritage elements on the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage Lists is determined by the Intergovernmental Committee for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage, an organisation established by the convention. Portugal ratified the convention on 21 May 2008. It registered its first element on the representative list in 2011.	2023-12-08T20:50:05Z	2023-12-13T10:27:06Z	[ "Template:Legend", "Template:Efn", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:World topic", "Template:Authority control" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Intangible_Cultural_Heritage_elements_in_Portugal
75,518,593	Compass Datacenters	Compass Datacenters LLC Is an American multinational Data center company. It is a significant player in the Hyperscale computing space, with approximately 17 active datacenter campuses in the US and internationally in Canada and Israel. Since 2023, the company has been controlled by the private equity arms of Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and Brookfield Infrastructure Partners. Compass Datacenters was founded in 2011 by Chris Crosby, who previously was a senior vice president of Digital Realty with a focus on modular datacenters. In 2014, the company received a patent noting that they created a truly modular datacenter. It began with a focus on US operations however eventually expanded abroad. Specifically to Canada through the acquisition of ROOT datacenters in 2019 and expansion to Israel directly through a partnership with Amazon Web Services. In 2023 the company acquired the former Sears HQ in Illinois to create a datacenter mega campus. On June 26, 2023, it was announced that Brookfield Infrastructure Partners and Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan had purchased the company.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Compass Datacenters LLC Is an American multinational Data center company. It is a significant player in the Hyperscale computing space, with approximately 17 active datacenter campuses in the US and internationally in Canada and Israel.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Since 2023, the company has been controlled by the private equity arms of Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and Brookfield Infrastructure Partners.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Compass Datacenters was founded in 2011 by Chris Crosby, who previously was a senior vice president of Digital Realty with a focus on modular datacenters. In 2014, the company received a patent noting that they created a truly modular datacenter.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "It began with a focus on US operations however eventually expanded abroad. Specifically to Canada through the acquisition of ROOT datacenters in 2019 and expansion to Israel directly through a partnership with Amazon Web Services. In 2023 the company acquired the former Sears HQ in Illinois to create a datacenter mega campus.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "On June 26, 2023, it was announced that Brookfield Infrastructure Partners and Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan had purchased the company.", "title": "History" } ]	Compass Datacenters LLC Is an American multinational Data center company. It is a significant player in the Hyperscale computing space, with approximately 17 active datacenter campuses in the US and internationally in Canada and Israel. Since 2023, the company has been controlled by the private equity arms of Ontario Teachers' Pension Plan and Brookfield Infrastructure Partners.	2023-12-08T20:54:00Z	2023-12-21T15:59:37Z	[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox company", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite patent" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compass_Datacenters
75,518,616	Serbian Military Cemetery, Vukovar	The Serbian Military Cemetery (Serbian Cyrillic: Српско војничко гробље, Croatian: Srpsko vojničko groblje), also known as the Aleja lit. 'Alley', is a small military cemetery in Vukovar, town in eastern Croatia. The cemetery was built in 1994 on a plot of land next to the Old Orthodox Cemetery. The cemetery commemorates 26 Serbian soldiers killed during the Battle of Vukovar in 1991. Built at the time when the town was a part of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina, the cemetery became a topic of tense debates between the local Serb community and representatives and Croat returnees after the end of the United Nations-led UNTAES transitional administration, in big part due to the shape of memorials which resembled šajkača hats of Serb soldiers or paramilitaries. At the time, there were proposals to relocate the cemetery at another location due to unresolved land issues with 17 private properties being used for the cemetery, yet until 2010 owners of 14 parcels accepted financial compensation for their property. After repeated vandalization, in 2002 Serb community decided to reshape all 26 memorials into standardized shape without šajkača on top which led to significant decrease in intercomunal tensions over the location. Local Serb community organizations and institutions together with representatives from the Consulate General of Serbia in Vukovar each year in early September commemorate war victims with the Orthodox liturgy at the nearby Church of St. Nicholas and at the military cemetery.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Serbian Military Cemetery (Serbian Cyrillic: Српско војничко гробље, Croatian: Srpsko vojničko groblje), also known as the Aleja lit. 'Alley', is a small military cemetery in Vukovar, town in eastern Croatia. The cemetery was built in 1994 on a plot of land next to the Old Orthodox Cemetery. The cemetery commemorates 26 Serbian soldiers killed during the Battle of Vukovar in 1991.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Built at the time when the town was a part of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina, the cemetery became a topic of tense debates between the local Serb community and representatives and Croat returnees after the end of the United Nations-led UNTAES transitional administration, in big part due to the shape of memorials which resembled šajkača hats of Serb soldiers or paramilitaries. At the time, there were proposals to relocate the cemetery at another location due to unresolved land issues with 17 private properties being used for the cemetery, yet until 2010 owners of 14 parcels accepted financial compensation for their property. After repeated vandalization, in 2002 Serb community decided to reshape all 26 memorials into standardized shape without šajkača on top which led to significant decrease in intercomunal tensions over the location.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Local Serb community organizations and institutions together with representatives from the Consulate General of Serbia in Vukovar each year in early September commemorate war victims with the Orthodox liturgy at the nearby Church of St. Nicholas and at the military cemetery.", "title": "" } ]	The Serbian Military Cemetery, also known as the Aleja lit. 'Alley', is a small military cemetery in Vukovar, town in eastern Croatia. The cemetery was built in 1994 on a plot of land next to the Old Orthodox Cemetery. The cemetery commemorates 26 Serbian soldiers killed during the Battle of Vukovar in 1991. Built at the time when the town was a part of the self-proclaimed Republic of Serbian Krajina, the cemetery became a topic of tense debates between the local Serb community and representatives and Croat returnees after the end of the United Nations-led UNTAES transitional administration, in big part due to the shape of memorials which resembled šajkača hats of Serb soldiers or paramilitaries. At the time, there were proposals to relocate the cemetery at another location due to unresolved land issues with 17 private properties being used for the cemetery, yet until 2010 owners of 14 parcels accepted financial compensation for their property. After repeated vandalization, in 2002 Serb community decided to reshape all 26 memorials into standardized shape without šajkača on top which led to significant decrease in intercomunal tensions over the location. Local Serb community organizations and institutions together with representatives from the Consulate General of Serbia in Vukovar each year in early September commemorate war victims with the Orthodox liturgy at the nearby Church of St. Nicholas and at the military cemetery.	2023-12-08T20:56:20Z	2023-12-08T21:08:18Z	[ "Template:Vukovar", "Template:Infobox cemetery", "Template:Lang-sr-Cyrl", "Template:Lang-hr", "Template:Lit", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_Military_Cemetery,_Vukovar
75,518,619	CIJ (disambiguation)	CIJ is a French toy brand. CIJ can also refer to:	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "CIJ is a French toy brand.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "CIJ can also refer to:", "title": "" } ]	CIJ is a French toy brand. CIJ can also refer to: Captain Aníbal Arab Airport, an airport in Cobija, Bolivia, by IATA code Centre for Investigative Journalism, a British charity that provides training about investigative journalism Centre Information Jeunes asbl, an organization in Luxembourg providing information to youth International Court of Justice, an international court of the United Nations, located in The Hague, Netherlands Continuous inkjet, a kind of inkjet printing technology	2023-12-08T20:56:30Z	2023-12-08T20:56:30Z	[ "Template:Wiktionary", "Template:Disambiguation" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIJ_(disambiguation)
75,518,650	Sierra del Carmen chipmunk	The Sierra del Carmen chipmunk (Neotamias solivagus) is a species of chipmunk native to the Sierra del Carmen in northern Mexico. It was formerly considered a subspecies of both Neotamias bulleri and Neotamias durangae. Those two species are found in the Sierra Madre Occidental, while this species is native to the Sierra Madre Oriental.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The Sierra del Carmen chipmunk (Neotamias solivagus) is a species of chipmunk native to the Sierra del Carmen in northern Mexico. It was formerly considered a subspecies of both Neotamias bulleri and Neotamias durangae. Those two species are found in the Sierra Madre Occidental, while this species is native to the Sierra Madre Oriental.", "title": "" } ]	The Sierra del Carmen chipmunk is a species of chipmunk native to the Sierra del Carmen in northern Mexico. It was formerly considered a subspecies of both Neotamias bulleri and Neotamias durangae. Those two species are found in the Sierra Madre Occidental, while this species is native to the Sierra Madre Oriental.	2023-12-08T21:01:56Z	2023-12-21T15:32:44Z	[ "Template:Speciesbox", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Taxonbar", "Template:Squirrel-stub" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra_del_Carmen_chipmunk
75,518,662	CIY (disambiguation)	CIY is the IATA code of Comiso Airport, an airport in Comiso, Italy CIY or ciy can also refer to:	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "CIY is the IATA code of Comiso Airport, an airport in Comiso, Italy", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "CIY or ciy can also refer to:", "title": "" } ]	CIY is the IATA code of Comiso Airport, an airport in Comiso, Italy CIY or ciy can also refer to: Cumanagoto language, an endangered language spoken in Venezuela Chaiya railway station, a train station in Chaiya, Surat Thani province, Thailand	2023-12-08T21:03:12Z	2023-12-09T20:44:22Z	[ "Template:Wiktionary", "Template:Dab" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIY_(disambiguation)
75,518,665	Interrogation of militants in the 2023 Israel–Hamas war	The 2023 Israel-Hamas war led to an intensive interrogation program by Israeli intelligence agencies, particularly Israel's domestic security agency, Shin Bet and IDF's Unit 504, targeting captured Hamas militants. Following the surprise Hamas attack on October 7, which resulted in approximately 1,200 Israeli casualties, mostly civilian, more than 600 militants were captured in Israel. Israel has claimed that the interrogation of the suspects revealed significant insights into the group's strategies, ideologies, and operational methods that played a crucial role in Israel's military response and in shaping the global understanding of the conflict. Many news sources, which have analyzed the videos, have questioned whether the confessions were extracted under duress. According to Israel, interrogations have revealed that Hamas commanders sanctioned attacks targeting civilians, including children, women, and the elderly, suggesting a deliberate plan to maximize civilian harm. The IDF's capture of hundreds of suspected militants in Gaza led to the establishment of an interrogation facility within the Gaza Strip. Interrogation methods utilized by the Shin Bet and the IDF, included, based on Israeli sources, psychological engagement in adherence to Israeli law prohibiting physical coercion. Public release of interrogation videos aimed to validate Israeli military actions and counter Hamas narratives. NBC News cautioned that it is not possible to ascertain whether the statements were made under duress, while the detained suspects are waiting for their trial in Israel. Hamas, a Palestinian Islamist group based in the Gaza Strip that is designated as a terrorist organization by Israel, the United States, and the European Union, among others, has been engaged in a prolonged conflict with Israel. On October 7, 2023, a significant surprise attack by Hamas on southern Israel marked a major escalation in the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) estimated that approximately 3,000 Hamas-led gunmen invaded Israel during this onslaught. This attack was characterized by its scale and brutality, as the militants targeted both Israeli civilians and military bases, resulting in the deaths of around 1,200 people in Israel, mostly non-combatants, and the seizing of more than 245 hostages of varying ages into the Gaza Strip. The IDF has said they have detained 600 militants in Israel following the Hamas attack. Interrogations of detainees captured in Israel following the October 7 attack, revealed, according to the IDF, that Hamas commanders, who also held religious authority, had sanctioned targeting civilians, including children, women, and the elderly. This claimed evidence pointed to a premeditated and organized plan by Hamas to inflict maximum civilian casualties. Interrogations of the detainees, conducted primarily by Shin Bet and IDF’s Unit 504, have provided, according to Israeli defense sources, a detailed account of the events and the mindset of the attackers. One of the captured attackers, a member of Hamas's elite Nukhba commando unit, provided a description of the Kfar Aza massacre, saying that the primary mission of his group was to kill civilians rather than taking hostages. The interrogation sessions were held over four weeks, mainly in a southern Israeli prison, and concluded in early November. During the interrogation, according to the videos released by the IDF Spokesperson unit, the detainee recounted how his group entered Kfar Aza in a jeep, blew up the gate with an explosive device, and then proceeded to attack the residents with firearms and grenades. He described entering homes and shooting at a safe room where children were crying, until no more noise was heard. The detainee acknowledged that such actions were not permitted by Muslim teachings, which do not allow the deliberate killing of children. When asked about the difference between Hamas and the Islamic State terror group, he said that in the videos he had been shown by interrogators, the actions of Hamas were comparable to those of ISIS. In another video released by the IDF, a detainee said that a reward of $10,000 and an apartment would be given as a reward for bringing hostages back to Gaza. In additional interrogation footage released by the Israeli military, another detainee, who also identified as a member of the Nukhba, explained that the military tunnels used by Hamas pass under neighborhoods and are hidden under hospitals, including al-Shifa hospital in Gaza. He stated that these sites are exploited because of the knowledge that Israel would avoid targeting them, making them safe locations for storing explosives, weapons, and other materials. Moreover, the militant claimed, in the video, that Hamas was hoarding fuel supplies, prioritizing their machinery and vehicles over distributing them to the Gazan population. Another revelation was the admission by a captured militant that Hamas uses ambulances to transport weapons and operatives across the Gaza Strip. This tactic exploits the ambulances' civilian appearance to avoid detection and bombing by Israel. Furthermore it was disclosed that Hamas's senior political and military figures were using hospitals, particularly the Shifa Hospital, as hiding spots and operational bases, exploiting the hospitals' civilian status to avoid airstrikes. During the 2023 Israel-Hamas war, the IDF has conducted extensive ground operations in the Gaza Strip, targeting strongholds of Hamas. During these operations, the military has reported the arrest of hundreds of additional individuals suspected of involvement with terrorism. These arrests have taken place across several areas known as Hamas strongholds, including Shejaiya and Jabaliya refugee camp in northern Gaza, as well as Khan Younis in the south. The Israeli army intelligence unit has collaborated with Shin Bet, Israel's internal security service, to arrest an additional 150 terrorism suspects, including known Hamas operatives from the Jabaliya area. Some suspects were interrogated in real-time by Unit 504 inside Gaza, with the IDF confirming the operation of an interrogation facility within the Gaza Strip. The IDF's penetration into the underground tunnel network surrounding al-Shifa hospital revealed a stockpile of weapons and led according to Israel to the interrogation of a captured and wounded Hamas terrorist on the hospital grounds by Unit 504 and Shin Bet interrogators. Orders had been given to keep some Hamas members alive for intelligence purposes, emphasizing the critical nature of the information they could provide. The interrogation of two Hamas operatives, which was performed on the hospital grounds by Unit 504 and Shin Bet, provided further details about the Hamas operation. According to videos of the interrogation released by IDF, the operatives confessed to kidnapping foreign workers from Israel and using ambulances to transport them to Shifa Hospital. Their testimony, according to the Israeli military, corroborated previous CCTV video evidence released by the Shin Bet, which showed hostages being brought into al-Shifa Hospital, some on foot and others with multiple wounds. On October 25, the Associated Press analyzed six interrogation videos released by Israel and said the militants may have been speaking under duress. In the videos, the militants appear to be bloodied and wincing in pain. Likewise, on October 29, an article in Global News said some of the confession videos of Hamas militants could have been produced under duress. On November 14, AP News analyzed that a confession video Israel released showed the captured militant was speaking "clearly under duress". On November 8, Amnesty International released a report in which a Palestinian detainee said he was severely beaten by Israeli interrogators (that left him with broken ribs) and told to "curse Hamas". On November 19, NBC News, which analyzed the alleged confessions of militants, stated "it is unclear whether they were speaking under duress". Shin Bet officials denied torturing militants, but Public Committee Against Torture in Israel contends the Shin Bet uses extreme heat and cold, sleep deprivation and stress positions during interrogations. NBC News noted that in one of the confession videos, the militant had blood on his shirt and bruises on his face, which Israel explained came from capture in combat. On November 30, one Palestinian (accused by Israel to be a militant) was released as part of the prisoner exchange, said he was repeatedly asked by Israeli soldiers to make confessions with "a gun to his face". On December 13, the New York Times reported that Israel had interrogated medical personnel in Gaza under duress. Gaza’s Ministry of Health similarly stated that Israeli interrogations of hospital staff were conducted "under duress". The Shin Bet said they have conducted interrogations under strict legal frameworks, aiming to gather confessions and intelligence for immediate and future use. The interrogation settings, as reported, were intense, with the suspects often bound and held in improvised facilities. They cited a 1999 Israeli Supreme Court ruling that prohibited torture except for a “ticking bomb” scenario. A significant aspect of these interrogations was the production and release of videos for public and media consumption. These videos were intended to showcase the legitimacy of Israeli military actions and to counter the narratives from Hamas. The materials released were truncated and did not show the complete interrogation process. However, they played a crucial role in the information war between Israel and Hamas, providing insights into the militant group's tactics and ideologies. Shalom Ben Hanan, a veteran intelligence officer who participated in the interrogations, described the approach taken by Shin Bet. According to him, the agency's methods included both traditional interrogation techniques and efforts to psychologically engage with the suspects. The overarching goals of these interrogations were to extract confessions, gather future-use intelligence, and produce videos for international and domestic information dissemination. The interrogations involved a vetting process, selecting high-impact detainees from over 600 arrested individuals for more focused questioning.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2023 Israel-Hamas war led to an intensive interrogation program by Israeli intelligence agencies, particularly Israel's domestic security agency, Shin Bet and IDF's Unit 504, targeting captured Hamas militants. Following the surprise Hamas attack on October 7, which resulted in approximately 1,200 Israeli casualties, mostly civilian, more than 600 militants were captured in Israel. Israel has claimed that the interrogation of the suspects revealed significant insights into the group's strategies, ideologies, and operational methods that played a crucial role in Israel's military response and in shaping the global understanding of the conflict.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Many news sources, which have analyzed the videos, have questioned whether the confessions were extracted under duress.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "According to Israel, interrogations have revealed that Hamas commanders sanctioned attacks targeting civilians, including children, women, and the elderly, suggesting a deliberate plan to maximize civilian harm. The IDF's capture of hundreds of suspected militants in Gaza led to the establishment of an interrogation facility within the Gaza Strip.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Interrogation methods utilized by the Shin Bet and the IDF, included, based on Israeli sources, psychological engagement in adherence to Israeli law prohibiting physical coercion. Public release of interrogation videos aimed to validate Israeli military actions and counter Hamas narratives. NBC News cautioned that it is not possible to ascertain whether the statements were made under duress, while the detained suspects are waiting for their trial in Israel.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Hamas, a Palestinian Islamist group based in the Gaza Strip that is designated as a terrorist organization by Israel, the United States, and the European Union, among others, has been engaged in a prolonged conflict with Israel. On October 7, 2023, a significant surprise attack by Hamas on southern Israel marked a major escalation in the ongoing Israel-Hamas conflict. The Israel Defense Forces (IDF) estimated that approximately 3,000 Hamas-led gunmen invaded Israel during this onslaught. This attack was characterized by its scale and brutality, as the militants targeted both Israeli civilians and military bases, resulting in the deaths of around 1,200 people in Israel, mostly non-combatants, and the seizing of more than 245 hostages of varying ages into the Gaza Strip. The IDF has said they have detained 600 militants in Israel following the Hamas attack.", "title": "Background" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Interrogations of detainees captured in Israel following the October 7 attack, revealed, according to the IDF, that Hamas commanders, who also held religious authority, had sanctioned targeting civilians, including children, women, and the elderly. This claimed evidence pointed to a premeditated and organized plan by Hamas to inflict maximum civilian casualties.", "title": "Interrogation of detainees captured in Israel" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Interrogations of the detainees, conducted primarily by Shin Bet and IDF’s Unit 504, have provided, according to Israeli defense sources, a detailed account of the events and the mindset of the attackers. One of the captured attackers, a member of Hamas's elite Nukhba commando unit, provided a description of the Kfar Aza massacre, saying that the primary mission of his group was to kill civilians rather than taking hostages. The interrogation sessions were held over four weeks, mainly in a southern Israeli prison, and concluded in early November.", "title": "Interrogation of detainees captured in Israel" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "During the interrogation, according to the videos released by the IDF Spokesperson unit, the detainee recounted how his group entered Kfar Aza in a jeep, blew up the gate with an explosive device, and then proceeded to attack the residents with firearms and grenades. He described entering homes and shooting at a safe room where children were crying, until no more noise was heard. The detainee acknowledged that such actions were not permitted by Muslim teachings, which do not allow the deliberate killing of children. When asked about the difference between Hamas and the Islamic State terror group, he said that in the videos he had been shown by interrogators, the actions of Hamas were comparable to those of ISIS.", "title": "Interrogation of detainees captured in Israel" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In another video released by the IDF, a detainee said that a reward of $10,000 and an apartment would be given as a reward for bringing hostages back to Gaza.", "title": "Interrogation of detainees captured in Israel" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "In additional interrogation footage released by the Israeli military, another detainee, who also identified as a member of the Nukhba, explained that the military tunnels used by Hamas pass under neighborhoods and are hidden under hospitals, including al-Shifa hospital in Gaza. He stated that these sites are exploited because of the knowledge that Israel would avoid targeting them, making them safe locations for storing explosives, weapons, and other materials. Moreover, the militant claimed, in the video, that Hamas was hoarding fuel supplies, prioritizing their machinery and vehicles over distributing them to the Gazan population. Another revelation was the admission by a captured militant that Hamas uses ambulances to transport weapons and operatives across the Gaza Strip. This tactic exploits the ambulances' civilian appearance to avoid detection and bombing by Israel. Furthermore it was disclosed that Hamas's senior political and military figures were using hospitals, particularly the Shifa Hospital, as hiding spots and operational bases, exploiting the hospitals' civilian status to avoid airstrikes.", "title": "Interrogation of detainees captured in Israel" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "During the 2023 Israel-Hamas war, the IDF has conducted extensive ground operations in the Gaza Strip, targeting strongholds of Hamas. During these operations, the military has reported the arrest of hundreds of additional individuals suspected of involvement with terrorism. These arrests have taken place across several areas known as Hamas strongholds, including Shejaiya and Jabaliya refugee camp in northern Gaza, as well as Khan Younis in the south.", "title": "Interrogation of detainees captured in Gaza" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The Israeli army intelligence unit has collaborated with Shin Bet, Israel's internal security service, to arrest an additional 150 terrorism suspects, including known Hamas operatives from the Jabaliya area. Some suspects were interrogated in real-time by Unit 504 inside Gaza, with the IDF confirming the operation of an interrogation facility within the Gaza Strip.", "title": "Interrogation of detainees captured in Gaza" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "The IDF's penetration into the underground tunnel network surrounding al-Shifa hospital revealed a stockpile of weapons and led according to Israel to the interrogation of a captured and wounded Hamas terrorist on the hospital grounds by Unit 504 and Shin Bet interrogators. Orders had been given to keep some Hamas members alive for intelligence purposes, emphasizing the critical nature of the information they could provide.", "title": "Interrogation of detainees captured in Gaza" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The interrogation of two Hamas operatives, which was performed on the hospital grounds by Unit 504 and Shin Bet, provided further details about the Hamas operation. According to videos of the interrogation released by IDF, the operatives confessed to kidnapping foreign workers from Israel and using ambulances to transport them to Shifa Hospital. Their testimony, according to the Israeli military, corroborated previous CCTV video evidence released by the Shin Bet, which showed hostages being brought into al-Shifa Hospital, some on foot and others with multiple wounds.", "title": "Interrogation of detainees captured in Gaza" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "On October 25, the Associated Press analyzed six interrogation videos released by Israel and said the militants may have been speaking under duress. In the videos, the militants appear to be bloodied and wincing in pain. Likewise, on October 29, an article in Global News said some of the confession videos of Hamas militants could have been produced under duress. On November 14, AP News analyzed that a confession video Israel released showed the captured militant was speaking \"clearly under duress\".", "title": "Question of forced confession" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "On November 8, Amnesty International released a report in which a Palestinian detainee said he was severely beaten by Israeli interrogators (that left him with broken ribs) and told to \"curse Hamas\".", "title": "Question of forced confession" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "On November 19, NBC News, which analyzed the alleged confessions of militants, stated \"it is unclear whether they were speaking under duress\". Shin Bet officials denied torturing militants, but Public Committee Against Torture in Israel contends the Shin Bet uses extreme heat and cold, sleep deprivation and stress positions during interrogations. NBC News noted that in one of the confession videos, the militant had blood on his shirt and bruises on his face, which Israel explained came from capture in combat.", "title": "Question of forced confession" }, { "paragraph_id": 17, "text": "On November 30, one Palestinian (accused by Israel to be a militant) was released as part of the prisoner exchange, said he was repeatedly asked by Israeli soldiers to make confessions with \"a gun to his face\".", "title": "Question of forced confession" }, { "paragraph_id": 18, "text": "On December 13, the New York Times reported that Israel had interrogated medical personnel in Gaza under duress. Gaza’s Ministry of Health similarly stated that Israeli interrogations of hospital staff were conducted \"under duress\".", "title": "Question of forced confession" }, { "paragraph_id": 19, "text": "The Shin Bet said they have conducted interrogations under strict legal frameworks, aiming to gather confessions and intelligence for immediate and future use. The interrogation settings, as reported, were intense, with the suspects often bound and held in improvised facilities. They cited a 1999 Israeli Supreme Court ruling that prohibited torture except for a “ticking bomb” scenario.", "title": "Question of forced confession" }, { "paragraph_id": 20, "text": "A significant aspect of these interrogations was the production and release of videos for public and media consumption. These videos were intended to showcase the legitimacy of Israeli military actions and to counter the narratives from Hamas. The materials released were truncated and did not show the complete interrogation process. However, they played a crucial role in the information war between Israel and Hamas, providing insights into the militant group's tactics and ideologies.", "title": "Public and media interaction" }, { "paragraph_id": 21, "text": "Shalom Ben Hanan, a veteran intelligence officer who participated in the interrogations, described the approach taken by Shin Bet. According to him, the agency's methods included both traditional interrogation techniques and efforts to psychologically engage with the suspects. The overarching goals of these interrogations were to extract confessions, gather future-use intelligence, and produce videos for international and domestic information dissemination. The interrogations involved a vetting process, selecting high-impact detainees from over 600 arrested individuals for more focused questioning.", "title": "Public and media interaction" } ]	The 2023 Israel-Hamas war led to an intensive interrogation program by Israeli intelligence agencies, particularly Israel's domestic security agency, Shin Bet and IDF's Unit 504, targeting captured Hamas militants. Following the surprise Hamas attack on October 7, which resulted in approximately 1,200 Israeli casualties, mostly civilian, more than 600 militants were captured in Israel. Israel has claimed that the interrogation of the suspects revealed significant insights into the group's strategies, ideologies, and operational methods that played a crucial role in Israel's military response and in shaping the global understanding of the conflict. Many news sources, which have analyzed the videos, have questioned whether the confessions were extracted under duress. According to Israel, interrogations have revealed that Hamas commanders sanctioned attacks targeting civilians, including children, women, and the elderly, suggesting a deliberate plan to maximize civilian harm. The IDF's capture of hundreds of suspected militants in Gaza led to the establishment of an interrogation facility within the Gaza Strip. Interrogation methods utilized by the Shin Bet and the IDF, included, based on Israeli sources, psychological engagement in adherence to Israeli law prohibiting physical coercion. Public release of interrogation videos aimed to validate Israeli military actions and counter Hamas narratives. NBC News cautioned that it is not possible to ascertain whether the statements were made under duress, while the detained suspects are waiting for their trial in Israel.	2023-12-08T21:03:36Z	2023-12-30T21:40:22Z	[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Pp", "Template:Seealso", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:2023 Israel–Hamas war" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interrogation_of_militants_in_the_2023_Israel%E2%80%93Hamas_war
75,518,714	Michael Kibet	Michael Kibet (born 3 September 1999) is a Kenyan middle- and long-distance runner. He won the 5000 m at the Kenyan Trials for the 2019 World Athletics Championships, but was not barred from competing at the meet by the Athletics Integrity Unit for not having had enough drug tests. In 2023, it was announced that Kibet was banned for four years from all high-level competitions due to a positive test from 20 September 2022. Kibet began running at a young age, training in Iten, Kenya while representing the Kenyan Police Service. He made his international debut in April 2019, winning the GP Brasil Caixa de Atletismo 1500 m in a time of 3:38.85. On 13 September 2019, Kibet won the Kenyan World Championship Trials (separate from the earlier Kenyan Athletics Championships, in which he finished 3rd) in a time of 13:26.83 for 5000 m. The surprising win led Kibet to be hailed as Kenya's best hope for global gold in the 5000 metres at the World Athletics Championships, which had not been won by a Kenyan since 2005. However, those hopes were quickly dashed when on 25 September, both Kibet and Trials runner-up Daniel Simiyu were barred from competing at the 2019 World Athletics Championships due to not having had enough drug tests performed before the competition. The Athletics Integrity Unit required at least three out-of-competition and one in-competition drug test per athlete, and because Kibet had only started competing internationally in 2019, he did not meet the requisite amount. Despite this setback, Kibet continued to compete at a high level through 2022, winning the Kenyan pre-trials for the 2021 Summer Olympics. At the actual Kenyan Olympic Trials, Kibet ran the 4th fastest time in the heats but did not run in the 5000 m finals held on the same day. On 20 September 2022, a urine sample was collected from Kibet which later tested positive for an unspecified substance under the category of "Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics/erythropoietin (EPO)". Kibet was contacted about the test later in 2022, but according to the Athletics Kenya antidoping unit, he did not respond to repeated requests and did not contest the charges or represent himself in the matter. Because of this, Kibet was given the standard sentence of a four-year competition ban, from 30 June 2023 to 2027.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Michael Kibet (born 3 September 1999) is a Kenyan middle- and long-distance runner. He won the 5000 m at the Kenyan Trials for the 2019 World Athletics Championships, but was not barred from competing at the meet by the Athletics Integrity Unit for not having had enough drug tests. In 2023, it was announced that Kibet was banned for four years from all high-level competitions due to a positive test from 20 September 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Kibet began running at a young age, training in Iten, Kenya while representing the Kenyan Police Service. He made his international debut in April 2019, winning the GP Brasil Caixa de Atletismo 1500 m in a time of 3:38.85.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 13 September 2019, Kibet won the Kenyan World Championship Trials (separate from the earlier Kenyan Athletics Championships, in which he finished 3rd) in a time of 13:26.83 for 5000 m. The surprising win led Kibet to be hailed as Kenya's best hope for global gold in the 5000 metres at the World Athletics Championships, which had not been won by a Kenyan since 2005.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "However, those hopes were quickly dashed when on 25 September, both Kibet and Trials runner-up Daniel Simiyu were barred from competing at the 2019 World Athletics Championships due to not having had enough drug tests performed before the competition. The Athletics Integrity Unit required at least three out-of-competition and one in-competition drug test per athlete, and because Kibet had only started competing internationally in 2019, he did not meet the requisite amount.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Despite this setback, Kibet continued to compete at a high level through 2022, winning the Kenyan pre-trials for the 2021 Summer Olympics. At the actual Kenyan Olympic Trials, Kibet ran the 4th fastest time in the heats but did not run in the 5000 m finals held on the same day.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On 20 September 2022, a urine sample was collected from Kibet which later tested positive for an unspecified substance under the category of \"Peptide hormones, growth factors, related substances and mimetics/erythropoietin (EPO)\". Kibet was contacted about the test later in 2022, but according to the Athletics Kenya antidoping unit, he did not respond to repeated requests and did not contest the charges or represent himself in the matter. Because of this, Kibet was given the standard sentence of a four-year competition ban, from 30 June 2023 to 2027.", "title": "Doping" } ]	Michael Kibet is a Kenyan middle- and long-distance runner. He won the 5000 m at the Kenyan Trials for the 2019 World Athletics Championships, but was not barred from competing at the meet by the Athletics Integrity Unit for not having had enough drug tests. In 2023, it was announced that Kibet was banned for four years from all high-level competitions due to a positive test from 20 September 2022.	2023-12-08T21:09:21Z	2023-12-08T21:16:58Z	[ "Template:World Athletics", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox sportsperson", "Template:AthAbbr", "Template:Gold1", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Kibet
75,518,739	ZAW (disambiguation)	ZAW is a German academic journal about the Hebrew Bible. ZAW or zaw can also refer to:	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "ZAW is a German academic journal about the Hebrew Bible.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "ZAW or zaw can also refer to:", "title": "" } ]	ZAW is a German academic journal about the Hebrew Bible. ZAW or zaw can also refer to: Mitla Zapotec, a language of Oaxaca state, Mexico, by ISO 639 code Zaw, a Burmese name Aleksander Zawadzki (naturalist), a Polish naturalist, whose taxonomic abbreviation is Zaw. Zawia VOR-DME, a radio beacon located near Zuwarah Airport, near Zuwarah, Libya Zambia Alliance of Women, an organization for women from Zambia Zoom Airways, an airline from Bangladesh, by ICAO code	2023-12-08T21:12:45Z	2023-12-08T21:13:00Z	[ "Template:Wiktionary", "Template:Disambiguation" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZAW_(disambiguation)
75,518,746	African diaspora archaeology	African diaspora archaeology is the study of the archaeology of the African diaspora; Africans that were forcibly transported throughout the world by either the Atlantic slave trade, the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the Indian Ocean slave trade, or their descendants. Although pertaining to worldwide dispersal, the majority of research comes from Africa and the Americas, with very little from Europe and Asia. African diaspora archaeology developed out of the studies of Africans and their descendants in research confined to specific locations. The term African diaspora was not used in archaeology until the 1990s, prior to its use, localized terminology such as Afro-Caribbean and African-American was used, and in some cases, “African diaspora” was adopted as a term intended to unify research beyond borders and oceans. This archaeological subfield pertains to studying human interaction with the sea, not limited to sites found under water. Maritime archaeology is relevant to the study of the African Diaspora through the maritime aspect of the three slave trades of special interest in the process of enslavement, as well as in African and Diasporic spiritual associations with the sea, maritime-related labor, and the sea as an avenue to freedom. Archaeology on plantations is a major focus in the United States and can cover various aspects of the lives and experiences of the enslaved, including but not limited to the formation of identities, the relationship between master and enslaved, religious practice, and gender. Many sites and research are focused around the idea of resistance; within this category are sites associated with Fugitivity, meaning the self-emancipated enslaved, also known as runaway slaves or Maroons. Also of interest are long-term Maroon settlements, also called Quilombos or Palenques. Coined by Cuban polymath Fernando Ortiz, transculturation is “the multigenerational, multidirectional transition from one cultural condition to another,” has become a major theme of interest in Latin America but has not found as wide adoption in the United States or Europe. Brazil is credited with the earliest known example of African Diaspora archaeology, conducted in the 1930s. Burials attributed to fugitive slaves were excavated in caves located in Serra Negra. In an example of archaeology of a maroon settlement, Pedro Funari and Charles Orser conducted archaeology at Palmares in the early 1990s with the goals of using archaeology to gain a better understanding of racism, resistance to racism, and to empower “subordinate groups." Orser and Funari have found material evidence of traits that come from European, Indigenous, and African cultures, which others have claimed as an example of ethnogenesis and the formation of a new cultural identity at Palmares. Interpretation of the archaeological assemblage at Palmares has added to the information in the historic record as well as challenged interpretations of the archaeological records that have interpreted the inhabitants of Palmares as “lazy” and "Barbarians." Funari's interpretation claims that the archaeology at Palmares shows a people capable of maintaining their cultural autonomy, yet at the same time, this maroon community was interacting with European colonists and exchanging goods. In 2011, the Valongo Wharf, the largest port for the arrival of enslaved Africans in Brazil, the country where the majority of enslaved Africans were transported in the Atlantic slave trade, was excavated in Rio de Janeiro. Excavations were conducted with the specific goals of challenging racism, aversion to discussing topics of slavery, and discussing the legacy of slavery in contemporary society. Found at the site were artifacts and symbols associated with African religious traditions, such as cowries and anthropomorphic stones. The archaeologists, in collaboration with the descendant communities and Afro-Brazilian religious leaders, acquiesced to their right to interpret these findings. The site became a place of ancestor remembrance for some in the Afro-Brazilian community, and collaboration increased to include Afro-Brazilian social activists. The site, however, was largely ignored by the Afro-Brazilian population as well as the population as a whole. According to Valongo Wharf Archaeologist Tania Andrade and others, this is in part due to the desire of many Afro-Brazilian descendants to distance themselves from the difficult past of slavery as well as associated stigmas and the discomfort of white Brazilians in bringing to the forefront Black experiences of subjugation and cruelty at the hands of Europeans. The site has since gained a greater presence in Brazil with the publication of literature and through activism. The site has also gained a global presence through its inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2017, recognizing the Valongo wharf as a site of world heritage of universal value. The study of the African diaspora through archaeology began in Cuba with the study of slavery and fugitive slaves, starting heavily in the 1960s in parallel with that of the United States Archaeology of Plantations, although archaeology has been conducted earlier. Archaeologist Eladio Elso conducted research at cimarrones (impermanent fugitive slave encampments) in 1946 in Pinar del Río. Interest in Afro-Cuban archaeology increased after the Cuban Revolution, when Cuba was officially proclaimed a socialist nation. Cuban history and archaeology were deemed to be of national importance, alongside themes of resistance and struggle. Since 1983, archaeologist Gabino La Rosa Corzo has worked on the archaeology of slavery under themes of resistance, daily life, subsistence, and transculturation at sites in Cuba. through research at 30 cimarrones, all of which are rock shelters or caves, in the Havana-Matanza upland region of Cuba. La Rosa Corzo has found artifacts and remnants of objects used in the lives of fugitive slaves that are claimed to show cultural continuity from African traditions as well as cultural transformation and dependencies on plantations or stores. Found among the sites were items such as pottery, machetes, knives, hoes, and pipes. La Rosa Corzo found evidence that fugitive slaves created pottery using techniques that were likely of African origin, distinct from Indigenous and European techniques found in Cuba. The archaeologist also found in food remains that fugitives hunted and used natural resources as well as resources from haciendas (plantations), adding to and contrasting archival records that only describe theft from haciendas. Among the assemblages found were clay cones called "hormas,” which were used in the processing of cane sugar. La Rosa Corzo claims that sugar consumption became a habit induced by life on sugar plantations. Decorations are also found on smoking pipes called “cachimbas” that have decorations or symbols that resemble those found in African traditions, where many of the enslaved in Cuba originated. The archaeologist also challenged historical documents that claimed the diet of those enslaved on plantations was the same as that of fugitives and that fugitive diets lacked African elements. These points have been challenged by archaeological evidence of the consumption of more varied and fresher foods at fugitive sites than at plantation sites and the retention of soup-based traditions from Africa. The Haciendas of Nasca archaeological project, or PAHN, established in 2009, is the first Peruvian archaeological project focused on slavery and the African Diaspora. The project engages in Afro-Peruvian and African Diaspora archaeology that focuses on engagement with the Peruvian public while collaborating with descendant communities, similar to the methods used at the African Burial Ground in New York. PAHN attempts to use archaeology to address contemporary issues such as the legacy of slavery and racism. African Diaspora Archaeology in the Americas first emerged as a specialty and has received the most attention in the United States coming from the research of African American Historical Archaeology. The history of racism, the glorification of “great men," and the exclusion of women in archaeology made it so that African American archaeology did not become a serious area of interest in archaeology until the 1960s, during the civil rights movement, with excavations prodded by civil rights activists with goals of preserving and protecting locations of historic importance to Africans as well as the Beautification Project of First Lady Lady Bird Johnson which inspired a movement for the protection of historic buildings. Sites previously not of archeological significance were studied, and those deemed to be important but excluded the enslaved were reexamined, such as at Monticello. An early excavation in African American archaeology was the Kingsley Plantation Enslaved Quarters in 1969. Sanctioned by the Florida State Park in the hope of using information from the excavation in a recreation of enslaved quarters. The archaeologist charged with excavating, Charles Fairbanks, saw the opportunity to uncover information unrecorded to history on the creations of enslaved Africans and “Africanisms'' (expressions of African culture carried and persisting in the Americas) that Fairbanks hoped would provide an archaeological link between Africa and Florida. Leland Ferguson, through the 1970s and 1980s, conducted plantation archaeology in South Carolina, Virginia, and Florida and connected low-fired pottery called Colono Ware to enslaved Africans. Ferguson claimed that artifacts maintained features of African culture and symbolism. Archaeologists before Ferguson had only attributed this type of pottery to Indigenous Americans, never connecting this type of pottery, which exhibits features of Indigenous, European, and African design, to enslaved Africans. The African Burial Grounds project in New York has addressed issues of racism, white hegemony within the field of archaeology, and the role of descendant communities in interpretation and participation. A research team under the direction of anthropologist and archaeologist Michael Blakey beginning in 1992 began using a descendant community collaboration approach after outcry from the New York Black citizens against the work of archaeologists previously engaged in archaeology at the site. The first team acting under the Historic Preservation Act and conducting archaeology on the burial grounds due to the construction of a government building, according to Blakey, failed to heed the concerns of the community. According to Blakey, this team failed to consider community issues with research questions and focused on the then-common practice of using race as a biological feature rather than a social construct. The original team also lacked insight from African American perspectives and knowledge of African history. The second team, under Blakey, with permission from the descendant community, transported 419 human remains to the Cobb biological laboratory at Howard University for analysis, denying the use of race as a biological feature. Archaeology at the African burial grounds was conducted with insight from collaboration between disciplines and knowledge of African history. Archaeology at the African Burial Grounds is credited with bringing awareness to the history of slavery in New York when it created the idea of the descendant community and collaboration between archaeologists and the descendant community, with the interests of the descendant community prioritized as an ethical human right. The remains of those from the burial grounds have since been reinterred, and today a monument has been dedicated.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "African diaspora archaeology is the study of the archaeology of the African diaspora; Africans that were forcibly transported throughout the world by either the Atlantic slave trade, the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the Indian Ocean slave trade, or their descendants. Although pertaining to worldwide dispersal, the majority of research comes from Africa and the Americas, with very little from Europe and Asia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "African diaspora archaeology developed out of the studies of Africans and their descendants in research confined to specific locations. The term African diaspora was not used in archaeology until the 1990s, prior to its use, localized terminology such as Afro-Caribbean and African-American was used, and in some cases, “African diaspora” was adopted as a term intended to unify research beyond borders and oceans.", "title": "Terminology" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "This archaeological subfield pertains to studying human interaction with the sea, not limited to sites found under water. Maritime archaeology is relevant to the study of the African Diaspora through the maritime aspect of the three slave trades of special interest in the process of enslavement, as well as in African and Diasporic spiritual associations with the sea, maritime-related labor, and the sea as an avenue to freedom.", "title": "Themes and research topics" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Archaeology on plantations is a major focus in the United States and can cover various aspects of the lives and experiences of the enslaved, including but not limited to the formation of identities, the relationship between master and enslaved, religious practice, and gender.", "title": "Themes and research topics" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Many sites and research are focused around the idea of resistance; within this category are sites associated with Fugitivity, meaning the self-emancipated enslaved, also known as runaway slaves or Maroons. Also of interest are long-term Maroon settlements, also called Quilombos or Palenques.", "title": "Themes and research topics" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Coined by Cuban polymath Fernando Ortiz, transculturation is “the multigenerational, multidirectional transition from one cultural condition to another,” has become a major theme of interest in Latin America but has not found as wide adoption in the United States or Europe.", "title": "Themes and research topics" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Brazil is credited with the earliest known example of African Diaspora archaeology, conducted in the 1930s. Burials attributed to fugitive slaves were excavated in caves located in Serra Negra.", "title": "Brazil" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In an example of archaeology of a maroon settlement, Pedro Funari and Charles Orser conducted archaeology at Palmares in the early 1990s with the goals of using archaeology to gain a better understanding of racism, resistance to racism, and to empower “subordinate groups.\" Orser and Funari have found material evidence of traits that come from European, Indigenous, and African cultures, which others have claimed as an example of ethnogenesis and the formation of a new cultural identity at Palmares. Interpretation of the archaeological assemblage at Palmares has added to the information in the historic record as well as challenged interpretations of the archaeological records that have interpreted the inhabitants of Palmares as “lazy” and \"Barbarians.\" Funari's interpretation claims that the archaeology at Palmares shows a people capable of maintaining their cultural autonomy, yet at the same time, this maroon community was interacting with European colonists and exchanging goods.", "title": "Brazil" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "In 2011, the Valongo Wharf, the largest port for the arrival of enslaved Africans in Brazil, the country where the majority of enslaved Africans were transported in the Atlantic slave trade, was excavated in Rio de Janeiro. Excavations were conducted with the specific goals of challenging racism, aversion to discussing topics of slavery, and discussing the legacy of slavery in contemporary society. Found at the site were artifacts and symbols associated with African religious traditions, such as cowries and anthropomorphic stones. The archaeologists, in collaboration with the descendant communities and Afro-Brazilian religious leaders, acquiesced to their right to interpret these findings. The site became a place of ancestor remembrance for some in the Afro-Brazilian community, and collaboration increased to include Afro-Brazilian social activists. The site, however, was largely ignored by the Afro-Brazilian population as well as the population as a whole. According to Valongo Wharf Archaeologist Tania Andrade and others, this is in part due to the desire of many Afro-Brazilian descendants to distance themselves from the difficult past of slavery as well as associated stigmas and the discomfort of white Brazilians in bringing to the forefront Black experiences of subjugation and cruelty at the hands of Europeans. The site has since gained a greater presence in Brazil with the publication of literature and through activism. The site has also gained a global presence through its inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 2017, recognizing the Valongo wharf as a site of world heritage of universal value.", "title": "Brazil" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "The study of the African diaspora through archaeology began in Cuba with the study of slavery and fugitive slaves, starting heavily in the 1960s in parallel with that of the United States Archaeology of Plantations, although archaeology has been conducted earlier. Archaeologist Eladio Elso conducted research at cimarrones (impermanent fugitive slave encampments) in 1946 in Pinar del Río. Interest in Afro-Cuban archaeology increased after the Cuban Revolution, when Cuba was officially proclaimed a socialist nation. Cuban history and archaeology were deemed to be of national importance, alongside themes of resistance and struggle.", "title": "Cuba" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Since 1983, archaeologist Gabino La Rosa Corzo has worked on the archaeology of slavery under themes of resistance, daily life, subsistence, and transculturation at sites in Cuba. through research at 30 cimarrones, all of which are rock shelters or caves, in the Havana-Matanza upland region of Cuba. La Rosa Corzo has found artifacts and remnants of objects used in the lives of fugitive slaves that are claimed to show cultural continuity from African traditions as well as cultural transformation and dependencies on plantations or stores. Found among the sites were items such as pottery, machetes, knives, hoes, and pipes. La Rosa Corzo found evidence that fugitive slaves created pottery using techniques that were likely of African origin, distinct from Indigenous and European techniques found in Cuba. The archaeologist also found in food remains that fugitives hunted and used natural resources as well as resources from haciendas (plantations), adding to and contrasting archival records that only describe theft from haciendas. Among the assemblages found were clay cones called \"hormas,” which were used in the processing of cane sugar. La Rosa Corzo claims that sugar consumption became a habit induced by life on sugar plantations. Decorations are also found on smoking pipes called “cachimbas” that have decorations or symbols that resemble those found in African traditions, where many of the enslaved in Cuba originated. The archaeologist also challenged historical documents that claimed the diet of those enslaved on plantations was the same as that of fugitives and that fugitive diets lacked African elements. These points have been challenged by archaeological evidence of the consumption of more varied and fresher foods at fugitive sites than at plantation sites and the retention of soup-based traditions from Africa.", "title": "Cuba" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The Haciendas of Nasca archaeological project, or PAHN, established in 2009, is the first Peruvian archaeological project focused on slavery and the African Diaspora. The project engages in Afro-Peruvian and African Diaspora archaeology that focuses on engagement with the Peruvian public while collaborating with descendant communities, similar to the methods used at the African Burial Ground in New York. PAHN attempts to use archaeology to address contemporary issues such as the legacy of slavery and racism.", "title": "Peru" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "African Diaspora Archaeology in the Americas first emerged as a specialty and has received the most attention in the United States coming from the research of African American Historical Archaeology. The history of racism, the glorification of “great men,\" and the exclusion of women in archaeology made it so that African American archaeology did not become a serious area of interest in archaeology until the 1960s, during the civil rights movement, with excavations prodded by civil rights activists with goals of preserving and protecting locations of historic importance to Africans as well as the Beautification Project of First Lady Lady Bird Johnson which inspired a movement for the protection of historic buildings. Sites previously not of archeological significance were studied, and those deemed to be important but excluded the enslaved were reexamined, such as at Monticello.", "title": "The United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "An early excavation in African American archaeology was the Kingsley Plantation Enslaved Quarters in 1969. Sanctioned by the Florida State Park in the hope of using information from the excavation in a recreation of enslaved quarters. The archaeologist charged with excavating, Charles Fairbanks, saw the opportunity to uncover information unrecorded to history on the creations of enslaved Africans and “Africanisms'' (expressions of African culture carried and persisting in the Americas) that Fairbanks hoped would provide an archaeological link between Africa and Florida.", "title": "The United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Leland Ferguson, through the 1970s and 1980s, conducted plantation archaeology in South Carolina, Virginia, and Florida and connected low-fired pottery called Colono Ware to enslaved Africans. Ferguson claimed that artifacts maintained features of African culture and symbolism. Archaeologists before Ferguson had only attributed this type of pottery to Indigenous Americans, never connecting this type of pottery, which exhibits features of Indigenous, European, and African design, to enslaved Africans.", "title": "The United States" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "The African Burial Grounds project in New York has addressed issues of racism, white hegemony within the field of archaeology, and the role of descendant communities in interpretation and participation. A research team under the direction of anthropologist and archaeologist Michael Blakey beginning in 1992 began using a descendant community collaboration approach after outcry from the New York Black citizens against the work of archaeologists previously engaged in archaeology at the site. The first team acting under the Historic Preservation Act and conducting archaeology on the burial grounds due to the construction of a government building, according to Blakey, failed to heed the concerns of the community. According to Blakey, this team failed to consider community issues with research questions and focused on the then-common practice of using race as a biological feature rather than a social construct. The original team also lacked insight from African American perspectives and knowledge of African history. The second team, under Blakey, with permission from the descendant community, transported 419 human remains to the Cobb biological laboratory at Howard University for analysis, denying the use of race as a biological feature. Archaeology at the African burial grounds was conducted with insight from collaboration between disciplines and knowledge of African history. Archaeology at the African Burial Grounds is credited with bringing awareness to the history of slavery in New York when it created the idea of the descendant community and collaboration between archaeologists and the descendant community, with the interests of the descendant community prioritized as an ethical human right. The remains of those from the burial grounds have since been reinterred, and today a monument has been dedicated.", "title": "The United States" } ]	African diaspora archaeology is the study of the archaeology of the African diaspora; Africans that were forcibly transported throughout the world by either the Atlantic slave trade, the Trans-Saharan slave trade, the Indian Ocean slave trade, or their descendants. Although pertaining to worldwide dispersal, the majority of research comes from Africa and the Americas, with very little from Europe and Asia.	2023-12-08T21:13:57Z	2023-12-15T06:06:49Z	[ "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_diaspora_archaeology
75,518,761	Robert E. Chaddock	Robert Emmet Chaddock (April 16, 1879 – October 21, 1940) was an American sociologist and statistician specializing in population and vital statistics. He taught at Columbia University for most of his career, and advised the U.S. Census Bureau, developing the concept of the census tract. He served as President of the American Statistical Association in 1925. Chaddock died by suicide at the age of 61. Chaddock was born to a farm family in Minerva, Ohio. He graduated from the College of Wooster in 1900 and remained there as a faculty member until 1905. Chaddock then enrolled as a graduate student at Columbia University, where he earned an MA in 1906 and a Ph.D. in 1908, under the direction of Franklin H. Giddings. During that same year, he worked with the boy's club of the Union Settlement in New York City, where he met his wife, Rose A. Fallbush (married 1910). Chaddock taught economics at Columbia University from 1907 to 1909. He then taught for two years at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania before returning to Columbia as an Assistant Professor of Statistics in 1911. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 1912 and Professor in 1922. He chaired the department until shortly before his death. Chaddock served as secretary-treasurer of the American Statistical Association from 1917 to 1924 and president in 1925. His presidential address was titled "The Function of Statistics in Undergraduate Training," in which he argued that social science students needed a foundation in statistics, comparable to introductory lab courses in the physical sciences. Chaddock was also involved in the institutionalization of demography in the United States. He was a founding member of the International Union for the Scientific Investigation of Population Problems and the Population Association of America. He taught several prominent demographers at Columbia University, including Warren S. Thompson and T.J. Woofter. Chaddock chaired the Census Advisory Committee and the Advisory Committee on Research for the Welfare Council in New York City. In his work on these committees he developed the concept of the census tract. He was vice-chair of the Committee on Research in Medical Economics, and a member of the advisory council of the Milbank Memorial Fund, the International Statistical Institute, the American Sociological Society, Phi Beta Kappa, and the Century Club (New York). Chaddock published Principles and Methods of Statistics in 1925. It soon became one of the most popular books in the field. He was working on a revision of this book when he died in 1940. Chaddock fell from the roof of his apartment building in New York on October 21, 1940, in what was believed to be a suicide. He had been "under a physician's care for a nervous condition" and "distraught...over his wife's long ill health," according to The New York Times.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Robert Emmet Chaddock (April 16, 1879 – October 21, 1940) was an American sociologist and statistician specializing in population and vital statistics. He taught at Columbia University for most of his career, and advised the U.S. Census Bureau, developing the concept of the census tract. He served as President of the American Statistical Association in 1925. Chaddock died by suicide at the age of 61.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Chaddock was born to a farm family in Minerva, Ohio. He graduated from the College of Wooster in 1900 and remained there as a faculty member until 1905. Chaddock then enrolled as a graduate student at Columbia University, where he earned an MA in 1906 and a Ph.D. in 1908, under the direction of Franklin H. Giddings. During that same year, he worked with the boy's club of the Union Settlement in New York City, where he met his wife, Rose A. Fallbush (married 1910).", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Chaddock taught economics at Columbia University from 1907 to 1909. He then taught for two years at the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania before returning to Columbia as an Assistant Professor of Statistics in 1911. He was promoted to Associate Professor in 1912 and Professor in 1922. He chaired the department until shortly before his death.", "title": "Academic career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Chaddock served as secretary-treasurer of the American Statistical Association from 1917 to 1924 and president in 1925. His presidential address was titled \"The Function of Statistics in Undergraduate Training,\" in which he argued that social science students needed a foundation in statistics, comparable to introductory lab courses in the physical sciences.", "title": "Academic career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Chaddock was also involved in the institutionalization of demography in the United States. He was a founding member of the International Union for the Scientific Investigation of Population Problems and the Population Association of America. He taught several prominent demographers at Columbia University, including Warren S. Thompson and T.J. Woofter.", "title": "Academic career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Chaddock chaired the Census Advisory Committee and the Advisory Committee on Research for the Welfare Council in New York City. In his work on these committees he developed the concept of the census tract. He was vice-chair of the Committee on Research in Medical Economics, and a member of the advisory council of the Milbank Memorial Fund, the International Statistical Institute, the American Sociological Society, Phi Beta Kappa, and the Century Club (New York).", "title": "Academic career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Chaddock published Principles and Methods of Statistics in 1925. It soon became one of the most popular books in the field. He was working on a revision of this book when he died in 1940.", "title": "Book" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Chaddock fell from the roof of his apartment building in New York on October 21, 1940, in what was believed to be a suicide. He had been \"under a physician's care for a nervous condition\" and \"distraught...over his wife's long ill health,\" according to The New York Times.", "title": "Death" } ]	Robert Emmet Chaddock was an American sociologist and statistician specializing in population and vital statistics. He taught at Columbia University for most of his career, and advised the U.S. Census Bureau, developing the concept of the census tract. He served as President of the American Statistical Association in 1925. Chaddock died by suicide at the age of 61.	2023-12-08T21:18:17Z	2023-12-20T04:04:58Z	[ "Template:Cite book", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox academic", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite journal", "Template:Cite news" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_E._Chaddock
75,518,775	Limpho Tau	Limpho Justice Tau (born 1970) is a Mosotho politician who has been the Minister in the Prime Minister's Office in Sam Matekane's Cabinet since November 2022. A member of the Revolution for Prosperity party, Tau serves in the Senate. Tau had previously led the Democratic Party, and was the party's sole member in the National Assembly from 2017 until his defection to the RFP in March 2022. Tau was born in 1970. He earned a Bachelor of Science from the National University of Lesotho and a master of Business Administration from the University of the Free State in South Africa. Tau is the founder and current chairman of the Limpho Tau Foundation. He was the president of Lioli Football Club from 2007 through 2009. He is a member of the Catholic Christian Life Community (CLC) Sodality/ Tau is married and has four children. Tau stood unsuccessfully for the National Assembly in the 2015 general election as the Basotho National Party candidate in the Teya-Teyaneng No. 24 constituency. He was the BNP's constituency chair. On 26 April 2016, Tau resigned from the BNP. He and other former BNP members formed the Democratic Party of Lesotho the following month. The party won one seat in the National Assembly at the 2017 general election through proportional representation and Tau was appointed to take up the seat. Following the launch of businessman Sam Matekane's political party, the Revolution for Prosperity, in March 2022, Tau announced that he would be joining the party. Tau did not stand for re-election under the RFP ticket at the general election held in October 2022, which the RFP won. He was instead appointed to Senate by King Letsie III on 3 November 2023. Tau was sworn in as the Minister in the Prime Minister's Office the next day following his appointment by Matekane. Categpory:Members of the National Assembly of Lesotho	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Limpho Justice Tau (born 1970) is a Mosotho politician who has been the Minister in the Prime Minister's Office in Sam Matekane's Cabinet since November 2022. A member of the Revolution for Prosperity party, Tau serves in the Senate. Tau had previously led the Democratic Party, and was the party's sole member in the National Assembly from 2017 until his defection to the RFP in March 2022.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Tau was born in 1970. He earned a Bachelor of Science from the National University of Lesotho and a master of Business Administration from the University of the Free State in South Africa.", "title": "Background and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Tau is the founder and current chairman of the Limpho Tau Foundation. He was the president of Lioli Football Club from 2007 through 2009. He is a member of the Catholic Christian Life Community (CLC) Sodality/", "title": "Background and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Tau is married and has four children.", "title": "Background and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Tau stood unsuccessfully for the National Assembly in the 2015 general election as the Basotho National Party candidate in the Teya-Teyaneng No. 24 constituency. He was the BNP's constituency chair.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "On 26 April 2016, Tau resigned from the BNP. He and other former BNP members formed the Democratic Party of Lesotho the following month. The party won one seat in the National Assembly at the 2017 general election through proportional representation and Tau was appointed to take up the seat.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Following the launch of businessman Sam Matekane's political party, the Revolution for Prosperity, in March 2022, Tau announced that he would be joining the party. Tau did not stand for re-election under the RFP ticket at the general election held in October 2022, which the RFP won. He was instead appointed to Senate by King Letsie III on 3 November 2023. Tau was sworn in as the Minister in the Prime Minister's Office the next day following his appointment by Matekane.", "title": "Political career" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Categpory:Members of the National Assembly of Lesotho", "title": "References" } ]	Limpho Justice Tau is a Mosotho politician who has been the Minister in the Prime Minister's Office in Sam Matekane's Cabinet since November 2022. A member of the Revolution for Prosperity party, Tau serves in the Senate. Tau had previously led the Democratic Party, and was the party's sole member in the National Assembly from 2017 until his defection to the RFP in March 2022.	2023-12-08T21:21:10Z	2023-12-08T21:31:38Z	[ "Template:Infobox officeholder", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limpho_Tau
75,518,783	Edwin Henckel von Donnersmarck	Count Edwin Hugo Lazarus Henckel von Donnersmarck was a German-Polish statesman, industrialist, and landowner. As a member of the Catholic Centre Party, he served as a member of the Prussian House of Representatives from 1908 to 1918. From 1925 to 1929, he served as President of the German People's League for Polish Silesia. Count Edwin Henckel von Donnersmarck was born on 23 January 1865 in Romolkwitz to Count Lazarus IV Henckel von Donnersmarck, a deputy of the Reichstag, and Countess Maria von Schweinitz und Krain. His grandfather was the German-Austrian industrialist Count Hugo Henckel von Donnersmarck. He was a member of the House of Henckel von Donnersmarck, a family of the Silesian nobility. Henckel von Donnersmarck owned a manor in Romolkwitz, known as Romolkwitz Castle. At his estate in Beauthen O.S., he operated a coal and ore mining and zinc smelting businesses. He bred thoroughbred race horses owned a racing team. From 1908 to 1918, he served in the Prussian House of Representatives, the lower house of the Landtag of Prussia, as a representative of the Centre Party. He ran in the 1912 German federal election for the Centre Party's constituency of Breslau in the Reichstag. Prior to 1918, Henckel von Donnersmarck was the chairman of the Silesian Automobile Club, a regional section of the German Motor Sport Federation. In 1919, he sold part of the family's estate in Radzionkau to fund the construction of houses for his employees. From 1925 to 1929, he served as the President of the German People's League for Polish Silesia. Henckel von Donnersmarck was deeply religious and was very involved in the Catholic Church. He served as the Vice President of the German Catholic Convention in Aachen in 1912 and in Frankfurt am Main in 1921. In 1926, he declared loyalty to the Polish Bishop of Katowice, August Hlond. Henckel von Donnersmarck was married to Countess Wilhelmine Marie Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau, a member of the Bohemian nobility. They had five children: He is the grandfather of Count Leo-Ferdinand Henckel von Donnersmarck, the Abbot Count Gregor Henckel von Donnersmarck, and Count Karl Josef Henckel von Donnersmarck, the husband of Princess Marie-Adélaide of Luxembourg. He is the great-granfather of the film director Count Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck and the great-great-grandfather of the social media influencer Countess Lara Cosima Henckel von Donnersmarck. He died on 23 March 1929 in Nakło.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Count Edwin Hugo Lazarus Henckel von Donnersmarck was a German-Polish statesman, industrialist, and landowner. As a member of the Catholic Centre Party, he served as a member of the Prussian House of Representatives from 1908 to 1918. From 1925 to 1929, he served as President of the German People's League for Polish Silesia.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Count Edwin Henckel von Donnersmarck was born on 23 January 1865 in Romolkwitz to Count Lazarus IV Henckel von Donnersmarck, a deputy of the Reichstag, and Countess Maria von Schweinitz und Krain. His grandfather was the German-Austrian industrialist Count Hugo Henckel von Donnersmarck. He was a member of the House of Henckel von Donnersmarck, a family of the Silesian nobility.", "title": "Early life and family" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Henckel von Donnersmarck owned a manor in Romolkwitz, known as Romolkwitz Castle. At his estate in Beauthen O.S., he operated a coal and ore mining and zinc smelting businesses. He bred thoroughbred race horses owned a racing team.", "title": "Business, politics, and civic life" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "From 1908 to 1918, he served in the Prussian House of Representatives, the lower house of the Landtag of Prussia, as a representative of the Centre Party. He ran in the 1912 German federal election for the Centre Party's constituency of Breslau in the Reichstag.", "title": "Business, politics, and civic life" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Prior to 1918, Henckel von Donnersmarck was the chairman of the Silesian Automobile Club, a regional section of the German Motor Sport Federation.", "title": "Business, politics, and civic life" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "In 1919, he sold part of the family's estate in Radzionkau to fund the construction of houses for his employees.", "title": "Business, politics, and civic life" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "From 1925 to 1929, he served as the President of the German People's League for Polish Silesia.", "title": "Business, politics, and civic life" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Henckel von Donnersmarck was deeply religious and was very involved in the Catholic Church. He served as the Vice President of the German Catholic Convention in Aachen in 1912 and in Frankfurt am Main in 1921. In 1926, he declared loyalty to the Polish Bishop of Katowice, August Hlond.", "title": "Business, politics, and civic life" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Henckel von Donnersmarck was married to Countess Wilhelmine Marie Kinsky von Wchinitz und Tettau, a member of the Bohemian nobility. They had five children:", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "He is the grandfather of Count Leo-Ferdinand Henckel von Donnersmarck, the Abbot Count Gregor Henckel von Donnersmarck, and Count Karl Josef Henckel von Donnersmarck, the husband of Princess Marie-Adélaide of Luxembourg. He is the great-granfather of the film director Count Florian Henckel von Donnersmarck and the great-great-grandfather of the social media influencer Countess Lara Cosima Henckel von Donnersmarck.", "title": "Personal life" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "He died on 23 March 1929 in Nakło.", "title": "Personal life" } ]	Count Edwin Hugo Lazarus Henckel von Donnersmarck was a German-Polish statesman, industrialist, and landowner. As a member of the Catholic Centre Party, he served as a member of the Prussian House of Representatives from 1908 to 1918. From 1925 to 1929, he served as President of the German People's League for Polish Silesia.	2023-12-08T21:22:31Z	2023-12-09T18:08:14Z	[ "Template:LR", "Template:Expand German", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox officeholder", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Authority control" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin_Henckel_von_Donnersmarck
75,518,789	Stolen (2024 film)	Stolen (Swedish: Stöld) is an upcoming Swedish drama film based on the novel of the same name by Ann-Helén Laestadius and directed by Elle Márjá Eira in her feature film debut. It will be released on Netflix in 2024. A young Sámi woman from a reindeer herding family struggles to defend her livelihood and heritage. Director Elle Márjá Eira is Sámi herself and grew up in Kautokeino. Filming took place in Sápmi—specifically Vittangi and Övre Soppero in Norrbotten County—in early 2023.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Stolen (Swedish: Stöld) is an upcoming Swedish drama film based on the novel of the same name by Ann-Helén Laestadius and directed by Elle Márjá Eira in her feature film debut. It will be released on Netflix in 2024.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "A young Sámi woman from a reindeer herding family struggles to defend her livelihood and heritage.", "title": "Premise" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Director Elle Márjá Eira is Sámi herself and grew up in Kautokeino.", "title": "Production" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Filming took place in Sápmi—specifically Vittangi and Övre Soppero in Norrbotten County—in early 2023.", "title": "Production" } ]	Stolen is an upcoming Swedish drama film based on the novel of the same name by Ann-Helén Laestadius and directed by Elle Márjá Eira in her feature film debut. It will be released on Netflix in 2024.	2023-12-08T21:23:14Z	2023-12-28T23:41:53Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Imdb title", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Infobox film", "Template:Lang-sv" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolen_(2024_film)
75,518,791	Ben Rhydding Hydro	Ben Rhydding Hydro, opened as the Wharfedale Hydropathic Establishment and Ben Rhydding Hotel and later rebranded as the Ben Rhydding Golf Hotel was a hotel in Ben Rhydding near Ilkley, West Yorkshire, England, opened in 1844 and demolished in 1955. The hotel was designed around the principles of hydrotherapy or the cold water cure, a Victorian health fad which emerged in the early 1840s and which diminished in popularity by the early 20th century. Ben Rhydding was the third UK hydrotherapy hotel in the UK, and the first to be custom built; it gave its name to the settlement, Wheatley, in which it was established. The Victorian history of hydrotherapy in the UK is traced back to Richard Tappin Claridge, an asphalt contractor and captain in the Middlesex Militia, who published and lectured in the early 1840s on an approach to the supposed curative properties of water developed by Vincenz Priessnitz in Gräfenberg (now Lázně Jeseník), Austrian Silesia. The basics of the cold water cure was the supposition that bad substances in the blood could be sweated out, by wrapping patients first in wet linen, and then in blankets, so as to open their pores. The curative properties of water predate Victorian hydrotherapy, not least in Ilkley, which had had since the very early 18th-century an outdoor spa bath, White Wells, said to be a cure for 'bad eyes', 'tumours and sores', 'scrophula' and 'all cases where the spine is affected'. Ben Rhydding Hydro was established in 1843 by a consortium led by Hamer Stansfeld, a Leeds merchant and then Mayor of Leeds, who had taken a – to his mind successful – water cure in Gräfenberg in that year. Stansfeld, his brother, a county court judge in Halifax, and two others, raised £30,000 to build a Scottish baronial architecture style hotel on high ground south of the River Wharfe, east of Ilkley, laying the foundation stone on 26 September 1843. The hotel building, designed by Messers Sharp of Leeds and York, and built by Messers Russell and Wilkes, was of three-stories and c-shaped, having two residential wings, one each for male and female patients, and a central hotel section. A number of buildings in its 65 acres (26 ha) landscaped estate housed hydrotheraputic facilities, such as a spa, Turkish baths, compressed-air baths, &c. At its opening, the hotel was capable of accommodating 60 patients 'with their friends and attendants'. A formal opening dinner was held on 20 May 1844. Stansfeld linked Ben Rhydding Hydro to Vincenz Priessnitz, inscribing a marble tank containing spring-fed drinking water, housed in an octagonal spa building in the grounds: In Memory of / VINCENT PRIESSNITZ, / The Silesian Peasant, to whom the world / Is indebted for the blessing of the / System of Cure by Water, / This fountain / Is gratefully erected and inscribed by / Hamer Stansfeld. / Ben Rhydding, May 29, 1844. According to The Bradford Observer the opinion of railway speculators who met at the Hydro in 1844, was that although it was a first-rate facility, it would not pay. A November 1884 meeting of the proprietors of the Hydro board, however, claimed it was a complete success, and voted £10 to the mission of Father Mathew, a teetotalist reformer, and by a subscription of £150 to a Hydropathic Fever Hospital. At its outset, the hotel was run by a Mr. Strachan, from the Midland Hotel in Derby. Its hydrotheraputic operation was led by a Dr. Rischanek, who had trained under Priessnitz at Grafenberg, and was considered an experienced hydropathist. Ben Rhydding dispensed with Rischanek's services in 1847, according to Metcalfe because "he was not adapted to the ways and habits of English people, and so did not get on with them very well. Moreover, he was lacking in the necessary energy for the conduct of so large an establishment". The company engaged in his stead a Dr. William Macleod from the Edinburgh medical establishment. On his appointment, MacLeod spent some time familiarising himself with hydrotherapy at Malvern under James Manby Gully and James Wilson. Hamer Stansfeld appears to have withdrawn from public life in the late 1850s, and died in 1865. At some time after his appointment, Macleod obtained a lease from the company running Ben Rhydding, giving him sole control over the establishment for fifteen years, at the expiration of which term he purchased the property, becoming proprietor of Ben Rhydding Hydro business. He added three new wings to the main building, as well as making other improvements in the grounds. Macleod introduced a Victorian Turkish bath at Ben Rhydding in about 1860 or 1861, following the introduction of this facility by Richard Barter at his St Ann's Hydropathic Establishment in Blarney, County Cork, Ireland. The Otley and Ilkley Joint Railway was opened on 1 August 1865, providing train connections between Ilkley and Leeds. A wooden-platform station complete with wooden booking office, waiting room and retiring room for ladies was added at Ben Rhydding, opening on 1 July 1866. In May 1871, William MacLeod reached agreement with the Otley and Ilkley Joint Committee responsible for the railway, to erect at his expense a stone-built waiting room and office serving his clientele. The hydro now met customers from Ben Rhydding station, transporting them to the hydro by horse-bus. (The railway company assumed ownership of the buildings in 1885.) Although Macleod is widely praised in writings about hydrotherapy, he is serially criticised for permitting the introduction of alcohol to the Ben Rhydding regime. Hydrotherapy and temperance were seen by contemporary commentators as twins, and Macleod's deviation from this orthodoxy was met with quite severe opprobrium and the loss of some customers, such as Quakers. The success of Ben Rhydding hydro led to the development of a number of other Hydro establishments in Ilkley, notably Wells House, Craiglands and Troutbeck. It was also the impetus for a residential building boom in Ben Rhydding. The Bradford Observer notes that William Macleod "may be said to be the person who developed the practice of hydropathic treatment to its present standing; and he very largely contributed to making Ilkley what it is in this respect." Macleod interests in the hydro were sold to a company; Metcalfe states this occurred before Macleod's death on 29 January 1875 at the age of 56, but advertisments in the contemporary press suggest it may have occurred after his death. Metcalfe names a number of successor physicians at Ben Rhydding - Drs Lucy, Little, Johnstone and Scott - whilst noting that "none of these made a success of the place like Dr. Macleod". The Hydro added a nine-hole golf course by 1909, and after World War I advertised itself as the Ben Rhydding Golf Hotel. The hotel building was requisitioned by the government at the start of World War II, used as offices for the Wool Control Board. On its release in 1948, it was not reinstated as a hotel, but stood empty. The building was demolished in 1955. 53°55′14″N 1°47′46″W / 53.920465°N 1.796015°W / 53.920465; -1.796015	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Ben Rhydding Hydro, opened as the Wharfedale Hydropathic Establishment and Ben Rhydding Hotel and later rebranded as the Ben Rhydding Golf Hotel was a hotel in Ben Rhydding near Ilkley, West Yorkshire, England, opened in 1844 and demolished in 1955.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The hotel was designed around the principles of hydrotherapy or the cold water cure, a Victorian health fad which emerged in the early 1840s and which diminished in popularity by the early 20th century. Ben Rhydding was the third UK hydrotherapy hotel in the UK, and the first to be custom built; it gave its name to the settlement, Wheatley, in which it was established.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The Victorian history of hydrotherapy in the UK is traced back to Richard Tappin Claridge, an asphalt contractor and captain in the Middlesex Militia, who published and lectured in the early 1840s on an approach to the supposed curative properties of water developed by Vincenz Priessnitz in Gräfenberg (now Lázně Jeseník), Austrian Silesia. The basics of the cold water cure was the supposition that bad substances in the blood could be sweated out, by wrapping patients first in wet linen, and then in blankets, so as to open their pores.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The curative properties of water predate Victorian hydrotherapy, not least in Ilkley, which had had since the very early 18th-century an outdoor spa bath, White Wells, said to be a cure for 'bad eyes', 'tumours and sores', 'scrophula' and 'all cases where the spine is affected'.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Ben Rhydding Hydro was established in 1843 by a consortium led by Hamer Stansfeld, a Leeds merchant and then Mayor of Leeds, who had taken a – to his mind successful – water cure in Gräfenberg in that year. Stansfeld, his brother, a county court judge in Halifax, and two others, raised £30,000 to build a Scottish baronial architecture style hotel on high ground south of the River Wharfe, east of Ilkley, laying the foundation stone on 26 September 1843.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "The hotel building, designed by Messers Sharp of Leeds and York, and built by Messers Russell and Wilkes, was of three-stories and c-shaped, having two residential wings, one each for male and female patients, and a central hotel section. A number of buildings in its 65 acres (26 ha) landscaped estate housed hydrotheraputic facilities, such as a spa, Turkish baths, compressed-air baths, &c. At its opening, the hotel was capable of accommodating 60 patients 'with their friends and attendants'. A formal opening dinner was held on 20 May 1844.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Stansfeld linked Ben Rhydding Hydro to Vincenz Priessnitz, inscribing a marble tank containing spring-fed drinking water, housed in an octagonal spa building in the grounds:", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "In Memory of / VINCENT PRIESSNITZ, / The Silesian Peasant, to whom the world / Is indebted for the blessing of the / System of Cure by Water, / This fountain / Is gratefully erected and inscribed by / Hamer Stansfeld. / Ben Rhydding, May 29, 1844.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "According to The Bradford Observer the opinion of railway speculators who met at the Hydro in 1844, was that although it was a first-rate facility, it would not pay. A November 1884 meeting of the proprietors of the Hydro board, however, claimed it was a complete success, and voted £10 to the mission of Father Mathew, a teetotalist reformer, and by a subscription of £150 to a Hydropathic Fever Hospital.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "At its outset, the hotel was run by a Mr. Strachan, from the Midland Hotel in Derby. Its hydrotheraputic operation was led by a Dr. Rischanek, who had trained under Priessnitz at Grafenberg, and was considered an experienced hydropathist. Ben Rhydding dispensed with Rischanek's services in 1847, according to Metcalfe because \"he was not adapted to the ways and habits of English people, and so did not get on with them very well. Moreover, he was lacking in the necessary energy for the conduct of so large an establishment\". The company engaged in his stead a Dr. William Macleod from the Edinburgh medical establishment. On his appointment, MacLeod spent some time familiarising himself with hydrotherapy at Malvern under James Manby Gully and James Wilson.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Hamer Stansfeld appears to have withdrawn from public life in the late 1850s, and died in 1865. At some time after his appointment, Macleod obtained a lease from the company running Ben Rhydding, giving him sole control over the establishment for fifteen years, at the expiration of which term he purchased the property, becoming proprietor of Ben Rhydding Hydro business. He added three new wings to the main building, as well as making other improvements in the grounds. Macleod introduced a Victorian Turkish bath at Ben Rhydding in about 1860 or 1861, following the introduction of this facility by Richard Barter at his St Ann's Hydropathic Establishment in Blarney, County Cork, Ireland.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 11, "text": "The Otley and Ilkley Joint Railway was opened on 1 August 1865, providing train connections between Ilkley and Leeds. A wooden-platform station complete with wooden booking office, waiting room and retiring room for ladies was added at Ben Rhydding, opening on 1 July 1866. In May 1871, William MacLeod reached agreement with the Otley and Ilkley Joint Committee responsible for the railway, to erect at his expense a stone-built waiting room and office serving his clientele. The hydro now met customers from Ben Rhydding station, transporting them to the hydro by horse-bus. (The railway company assumed ownership of the buildings in 1885.)", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 12, "text": "Although Macleod is widely praised in writings about hydrotherapy, he is serially criticised for permitting the introduction of alcohol to the Ben Rhydding regime. Hydrotherapy and temperance were seen by contemporary commentators as twins, and Macleod's deviation from this orthodoxy was met with quite severe opprobrium and the loss of some customers, such as Quakers.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 13, "text": "The success of Ben Rhydding hydro led to the development of a number of other Hydro establishments in Ilkley, notably Wells House, Craiglands and Troutbeck. It was also the impetus for a residential building boom in Ben Rhydding. The Bradford Observer notes that William Macleod \"may be said to be the person who developed the practice of hydropathic treatment to its present standing; and he very largely contributed to making Ilkley what it is in this respect.\"", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 14, "text": "Macleod interests in the hydro were sold to a company; Metcalfe states this occurred before Macleod's death on 29 January 1875 at the age of 56, but advertisments in the contemporary press suggest it may have occurred after his death. Metcalfe names a number of successor physicians at Ben Rhydding - Drs Lucy, Little, Johnstone and Scott - whilst noting that \"none of these made a success of the place like Dr. Macleod\".", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 15, "text": "The Hydro added a nine-hole golf course by 1909, and after World War I advertised itself as the Ben Rhydding Golf Hotel. The hotel building was requisitioned by the government at the start of World War II, used as offices for the Wool Control Board. On its release in 1948, it was not reinstated as a hotel, but stood empty. The building was demolished in 1955.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 16, "text": "53°55′14″N 1°47′46″W / 53.920465°N 1.796015°W / 53.920465; -1.796015", "title": "Further reading" } ]	Ben Rhydding Hydro, opened as the Wharfedale Hydropathic Establishment and Ben Rhydding Hotel and later rebranded as the Ben Rhydding Golf Hotel was a hotel in Ben Rhydding near Ilkley, West Yorkshire, England, opened in 1844 and demolished in 1955. The hotel was designed around the principles of hydrotherapy or the cold water cure, a Victorian health fad which emerged in the early 1840s and which diminished in popularity by the early 20th century. Ben Rhydding was the third UK hydrotherapy hotel in the UK, and the first to be custom built; it gave its name to the settlement, Wheatley, in which it was established.	2023-12-08T21:23:28Z	2023-12-26T13:48:29Z	[ "Template:Efn", "Template:Notelist", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Coord", "Template:Sfn", "Template:Convert", "Template:Blockquote", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Circa" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben_Rhydding_Hydro
75,518,796	William Wilson Fulbright	William Wilson Fulbright (January 8, 1785 - September 22, 1843) was one of the early pioneers and settlers of Springfield, Missouri. Although the founding of Springfield, Missouri, is often dated to 1829 when John Polk Campbell and his brother carved their initials in an ash tree with the intention of returning to the area, William Wilson Fulbright and his family moved and settled in the area in 1830 before the Campbell family returned. Born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, William Fulbright and his family moved to Haywood County, North Carolina in 1797. He could speak the German language. Fulbright served in the War of 1812 as a private in a regiment of North Carolina State Troops between February 1814 and July 1814, stationed at Fort Benjamin Hawkins in Georgia. After the War of 1812, he moved his family to the Territory of Missouri and to Henry County and Madison County in Tennessee before finally settling in southwestern Missouri. In 1830, he and his brother John acquired 160 acres of land near Jones Springs, and William Fulbright erected the first cabin in what would become Springfield near the 1200 block of West College Street. This first church service and the first church, a Methodist church, was organized in the cabin of William Fulbright. Only nine families lived in Springfield at the time. In 1833, William Fulbright built the first church structure in Springfield as a one-room log cabin. This church was named the Kickapoo Meeting House as the land had been deeded to the Kickapoo Indians with Methodist and Presbyterians using this building until the Methodist congregation moved closer to town. Removal of the Kickapoo Indian began on October 24, 1832. In 1929, a marker was set in the retaining wall on the College Street commemorating Fulbright's role in settling of Springfield. William Fulbright also built the first gristmill in Greene County, Missouri, in 1832. It was operated first as a still house and later as a mill. In 1860, his son John Fulbright rebuilt this old grist mill and operated it in connection with his farming. When it was rebuilt in 1860, a cotton gin and carding machine were added. The Fulbright spring furnished water power sufficient to operate this mill, and it continued to operate for about 25 years. The Fulbright Spring was named after William Wilson Fulbright. The Fulbright Spring is one of the original sources of municipal water for the city of Springfield, Missouri. The first waterworks at Fulbright Spring were constructed in 1883. By 1835, the settlement of Fulbright and Campbell Springs had been given the name of Springfield. In or around 1835, his son Henry Fulbright opened one of the first general stores in Springfield, trading in goods from St. Louis. In 1840, he entered into a partnership with his sons Henry and Ephraim. William Wilson Fulbright died in 1843. When he died, he owned 19 slaves, down from the 30 slaves he had when he left Tennessee in 1829.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "William Wilson Fulbright (January 8, 1785 - September 22, 1843) was one of the early pioneers and settlers of Springfield, Missouri. Although the founding of Springfield, Missouri, is often dated to 1829 when John Polk Campbell and his brother carved their initials in an ash tree with the intention of returning to the area, William Wilson Fulbright and his family moved and settled in the area in 1830 before the Campbell family returned.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Lincoln County, North Carolina, William Fulbright and his family moved to Haywood County, North Carolina in 1797. He could speak the German language. Fulbright served in the War of 1812 as a private in a regiment of North Carolina State Troops between February 1814 and July 1814, stationed at Fort Benjamin Hawkins in Georgia. After the War of 1812, he moved his family to the Territory of Missouri and to Henry County and Madison County in Tennessee before finally settling in southwestern Missouri. In 1830, he and his brother John acquired 160 acres of land near Jones Springs, and William Fulbright erected the first cabin in what would become Springfield near the 1200 block of West College Street. This first church service and the first church, a Methodist church, was organized in the cabin of William Fulbright. Only nine families lived in Springfield at the time. In 1833, William Fulbright built the first church structure in Springfield as a one-room log cabin. This church was named the Kickapoo Meeting House as the land had been deeded to the Kickapoo Indians with Methodist and Presbyterians using this building until the Methodist congregation moved closer to town. Removal of the Kickapoo Indian began on October 24, 1832. In 1929, a marker was set in the retaining wall on the College Street commemorating Fulbright's role in settling of Springfield. William Fulbright also built the first gristmill in Greene County, Missouri, in 1832. It was operated first as a still house and later as a mill. In 1860, his son John Fulbright rebuilt this old grist mill and operated it in connection with his farming. When it was rebuilt in 1860, a cotton gin and carding machine were added. The Fulbright spring furnished water power sufficient to operate this mill, and it continued to operate for about 25 years. The Fulbright Spring was named after William Wilson Fulbright. The Fulbright Spring is one of the original sources of municipal water for the city of Springfield, Missouri. The first waterworks at Fulbright Spring were constructed in 1883.", "title": "Biography" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "By 1835, the settlement of Fulbright and Campbell Springs had been given the name of Springfield. In or around 1835, his son Henry Fulbright opened one of the first general stores in Springfield, trading in goods from St. Louis. In 1840, he entered into a partnership with his sons Henry and Ephraim. William Wilson Fulbright died in 1843. When he died, he owned 19 slaves, down from the 30 slaves he had when he left Tennessee in 1829.", "title": "Legacy" } ]	William Wilson Fulbright was one of the early pioneers and settlers of Springfield, Missouri. Although the founding of Springfield, Missouri, is often dated to 1829 when John Polk Campbell and his brother carved their initials in an ash tree with the intention of returning to the area, William Wilson Fulbright and his family moved and settled in the area in 1830 before the Campbell family returned.	2023-12-08T21:23:52Z	2023-12-10T07:59:53Z	[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Wilson_Fulbright
75,518,813	7th Astra Film Awards	The 7th Astra Film Awards, presented by the Hollywood Creative Alliance, will take place on January 6, 2024, at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles. The nominations were announced live on the official HCA YouTube channel on December 7, 2023. The ceremony will be produced by Content.23 Media, DIGA Studios, and Vox Productions. Barbie led the nominations with ten, followed by The Holdovers with seven, and Oppenheimer and Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse with six each. The live-streamed upcoming event will be broadcast globally, beginning at 6:30 p.m. PDT/9:30 p.m. EDT, while standup comedian Jimmy O. Yang will serve as the host. The organization also revealed a new partnership with ABS-CBN, who will serve as the global broadcast partner for the HCA Astra Film Awards and HCA Astra TV Awards. Both ceremonies will air in 247 countries and territories in addition to the live stream on the official HCA YouTube channel and KNEKT.tv. Additionally, the Astra Film Creative Arts Awards winners will be announced on February 26, 2024, at City Market Social House in Los Angeles. This year, several months after the Hollywood Critics Association rebranded itself as the Hollywood Creative Alliance (HCA), the organization has given its signature awards shows a new name: "The Astra Awards". The decision to rename the awards ceremonies was put to a vote by the HCA's advisory committee on November 17, 2023. "As the Hollywood Creative Alliance expands to include creatives and other industry professionals, we wanted an award name that would be reflective of the newly relaunched organization," said HCA CEO Scott Menzel in a statement. "The name 'Astra' is a perfect award show title evoking celestial brilliance and creative mastery. It encapsulates the collaborative spirit, symbolizing individual stars and elegantly embodies the industry's aspiration, innovation, and distinction. This new name symbolizes unity amongst the diverse and inclusive membership of the Hollywood Creative Alliance." Furthermore, the HCA announced its collaboration with producer and editor David Sandeep Robert, filmmaker Jason Strickland, and executive producer Leonard Shapiro to drive change and ensure that the work of stunt performers and international actors are acknowledged and celebrated on a global scale. In addition to advocating for stunt performers, the Hollywood Creative Alliance has also announced that it will add three new International categories to the upcoming ceremony: Best International Actor, Best International Actress, and Best International Filmmaker. "International Cinema is important to so many of us within the HCA, and we have decided to add additional categories that will allow International titles and performers to get more exposure," adds HCA Vice Chair Yong Chavez. "The HCA has always been an organization that has shown great pride in uplifting marginalized voices, and so many International actors are overlooked by awards organizations here in the US." Winners will be listed first and highlighted with boldface. The following films received multiple nominations:	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 7th Astra Film Awards, presented by the Hollywood Creative Alliance, will take place on January 6, 2024, at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles. The nominations were announced live on the official HCA YouTube channel on December 7, 2023. The ceremony will be produced by Content.23 Media, DIGA Studios, and Vox Productions.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Barbie led the nominations with ten, followed by The Holdovers with seven, and Oppenheimer and Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse with six each.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The live-streamed upcoming event will be broadcast globally, beginning at 6:30 p.m. PDT/9:30 p.m. EDT, while standup comedian Jimmy O. Yang will serve as the host. The organization also revealed a new partnership with ABS-CBN, who will serve as the global broadcast partner for the HCA Astra Film Awards and HCA Astra TV Awards. Both ceremonies will air in 247 countries and territories in addition to the live stream on the official HCA YouTube channel and KNEKT.tv.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Additionally, the Astra Film Creative Arts Awards winners will be announced on February 26, 2024, at City Market Social House in Los Angeles.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "This year, several months after the Hollywood Critics Association rebranded itself as the Hollywood Creative Alliance (HCA), the organization has given its signature awards shows a new name: \"The Astra Awards\". The decision to rename the awards ceremonies was put to a vote by the HCA's advisory committee on November 17, 2023.", "title": "Ceremony information" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "\"As the Hollywood Creative Alliance expands to include creatives and other industry professionals, we wanted an award name that would be reflective of the newly relaunched organization,\" said HCA CEO Scott Menzel in a statement. \"The name 'Astra' is a perfect award show title evoking celestial brilliance and creative mastery. It encapsulates the collaborative spirit, symbolizing individual stars and elegantly embodies the industry's aspiration, innovation, and distinction. This new name symbolizes unity amongst the diverse and inclusive membership of the Hollywood Creative Alliance.\"", "title": "Ceremony information" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "Furthermore, the HCA announced its collaboration with producer and editor David Sandeep Robert, filmmaker Jason Strickland, and executive producer Leonard Shapiro to drive change and ensure that the work of stunt performers and international actors are acknowledged and celebrated on a global scale. In addition to advocating for stunt performers, the Hollywood Creative Alliance has also announced that it will add three new International categories to the upcoming ceremony: Best International Actor, Best International Actress, and Best International Filmmaker. \"International Cinema is important to so many of us within the HCA, and we have decided to add additional categories that will allow International titles and performers to get more exposure,\" adds HCA Vice Chair Yong Chavez. \"The HCA has always been an organization that has shown great pride in uplifting marginalized voices, and so many International actors are overlooked by awards organizations here in the US.\"", "title": "Ceremony information" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Winners will be listed first and highlighted with boldface.", "title": "Nominees" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "The following films received multiple nominations:", "title": "Films with multiple nominations" } ]	The 7th Astra Film Awards, presented by the Hollywood Creative Alliance, will take place on January 6, 2024, at the Biltmore Hotel in Los Angeles. The nominations were announced live on the official HCA YouTube channel on December 7, 2023. The ceremony will be produced by Content.23 Media, DIGA Studios, and Vox Productions. Barbie led the nominations with ten, followed by The Holdovers with seven, and Oppenheimer and Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse with six each. The live-streamed upcoming event will be broadcast globally, beginning at 6:30 p.m. PDT/9:30 p.m. EDT, while standup comedian Jimmy O. Yang will serve as the host. The organization also revealed a new partnership with ABS-CBN, who will serve as the global broadcast partner for the HCA Astra Film Awards and HCA Astra TV Awards. Both ceremonies will air in 247 countries and territories in addition to the live stream on the official HCA YouTube channel and KNEKT.tv. Additionally, the Astra Film Creative Arts Awards winners will be announced on February 26, 2024, at City Market Social House in Los Angeles.	2023-12-08T21:26:32Z	2023-12-25T06:36:22Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite press release", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Official", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Infobox film awards", "Template:Award category" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/7th_Astra_Film_Awards
75,518,841	Jeff Lestz	Jeff Lestz (born November 25, 1956) is an American business executive, author, and public speaker. He is the founder of Genistar Limited, a UK-based financial education company. Born and raised in Chicago in 1956, Jeff graduated from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois in 1976. Jeff began his career in 1981 working for Primerica, a US-based financial services company. He rose to the position of Senior Vice President and National Sales Director for Primerica at different points in the course of his career. In 2007, he founded Genistar Limited, a financial education company that helps families become debt-free and financially independent. He is currently the CEO of the company. Jeff's early experiences of financial hardship and perseverance influenced his work as a financial educator and author. He has written several books and spoken at numerous events on the topic of Personal finance and Stewardship. Jeff serves as the director of stewardship on the board of Hillsong Church London.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Jeff Lestz (born November 25, 1956) is an American business executive, author, and public speaker. He is the founder of Genistar Limited, a UK-based financial education company.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born and raised in Chicago in 1956, Jeff graduated from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois in 1976.", "title": "Early life and education" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "Jeff began his career in 1981 working for Primerica, a US-based financial services company. He rose to the position of Senior Vice President and National Sales Director for Primerica at different points in the course of his career. In 2007, he founded Genistar Limited, a financial education company that helps families become debt-free and financially independent. He is currently the CEO of the company.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Jeff's early experiences of financial hardship and perseverance influenced his work as a financial educator and author. He has written several books and spoken at numerous events on the topic of Personal finance and Stewardship.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "Jeff serves as the director of stewardship on the board of Hillsong Church London.", "title": "Career" } ]	Jeff Lestz is an American business executive, author, and public speaker. He is the founder of Genistar Limited, a UK-based financial education company.	2023-12-08T21:30:19Z	2024-01-01T00:14:26Z	[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Orphan", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff_Lestz
75,518,851	Nicold Haughton	Nicole Haughton (born January 1975) is a Jamaican beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Jamaica Universe 1999. Haughton, a graduate of Campion College, in Kingston, was encouraged to enter the Miss Jamaica Universe Pageant by Author and journalist Legrek Parond, whom she had met while managing the family business, Haughton' Pharmacy in Spanish Town. It was through this chance encounter that afforded Legrek Parond his breakthrough, in landing a freelance journalism position at the Jamaica Observer Newspaper, and subsequently covering the 1999 Miss Universe Pageant in Trinidad,as an accredited journalist. In May 1999, at the Miss Universe Pageant in Trinidad and Tobago, Nicole placed in the top ten.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nicole Haughton (born January 1975) is a Jamaican beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Jamaica Universe 1999.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Haughton, a graduate of Campion College, in Kingston, was encouraged to enter the Miss Jamaica Universe Pageant by Author and journalist Legrek Parond, whom she had met while managing the family business, Haughton' Pharmacy in Spanish Town. It was through this chance encounter that afforded Legrek Parond his breakthrough, in landing a freelance journalism position at the Jamaica Observer Newspaper, and subsequently covering the 1999 Miss Universe Pageant in Trinidad,as an accredited journalist.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In May 1999, at the Miss Universe Pageant in Trinidad and Tobago, Nicole placed in the top ten.", "title": "" } ]	Nicole Haughton is a Jamaican beauty pageant titleholder who was crowned Miss Jamaica Universe 1999. Haughton, a graduate of Campion College, in Kingston, was encouraged to enter the Miss Jamaica Universe Pageant by Author and journalist Legrek Parond, whom she had met while managing the family business, Haughton' Pharmacy in Spanish Town. It was through this chance encounter that afforded Legrek Parond his breakthrough, in landing a freelance journalism position at the Jamaica Observer Newspaper, and subsequently covering the 1999 Miss Universe Pageant in Trinidad,as an accredited journalist. In May 1999, at the Miss Universe Pageant in Trinidad and Tobago, Nicole placed in the top ten.	2023-12-08T21:31:58Z	2023-12-25T14:31:21Z	[ "Template:Improve categories", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicold_Haughton
75,518,854	D. Del Reverda-Jennings	D. Del Reverda-Jennings is an American interdisciplinary artist and curator based in Indianapolis, Indiana known for her paintings and mixed media pieces. Del Reverda-Jennings has exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum and the Indianapolis Museum of Contemporary Art. Born in Alaska, Del Reverda-Jennings was raised in Chicago and is now based in Indianapolis. As a primarily self-taught artist, she often addresses themes of the African diaspora, the Divine feminine, and personal identity in her work. In 2023, Del Reverda-Jennings received a Governor's Art Award from the Indiana Arts Commission and Office of the Governor in Indiana.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "D. Del Reverda-Jennings is an American interdisciplinary artist and curator based in Indianapolis, Indiana known for her paintings and mixed media pieces. Del Reverda-Jennings has exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum and the Indianapolis Museum of Contemporary Art.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Born in Alaska, Del Reverda-Jennings was raised in Chicago and is now based in Indianapolis. As a primarily self-taught artist, she often addresses themes of the African diaspora, the Divine feminine, and personal identity in her work. In 2023, Del Reverda-Jennings received a Governor's Art Award from the Indiana Arts Commission and Office of the Governor in Indiana.", "title": "" } ]	D. Del Reverda-Jennings is an American interdisciplinary artist and curator based in Indianapolis, Indiana known for her paintings and mixed media pieces. Del Reverda-Jennings has exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum and the Indianapolis Museum of Contemporary Art. Born in Alaska, Del Reverda-Jennings was raised in Chicago and is now based in Indianapolis. As a primarily self-taught artist, she often addresses themes of the African diaspora, the Divine feminine, and personal identity in her work. In 2023, Del Reverda-Jennings received a Governor's Art Award from the Indiana Arts Commission and Office of the Governor in Indiana.	2023-12-08T21:32:15Z	2023-12-09T10:36:07Z	[ "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Authority control", "Template:US-artist-stub" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._Del_Reverda-Jennings
75,518,861	La Prensa (Peru)	La Prensa was a Peruvian newspaper, published in Lima, whose first issue went on sale on September 23, 1903. It was also known as the Baquíjano newspaper, because its headquarters were located at 745 Baquíjano Street, current block 7 of the Jirón de la Unión, in Lima. An online newspaper using La Prensa's name and logo ran from 2012 to 2022, part of the Perú.com [es] website.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "La Prensa was a Peruvian newspaper, published in Lima, whose first issue went on sale on September 23, 1903. It was also known as the Baquíjano newspaper, because its headquarters were located at 745 Baquíjano Street, current block 7 of the Jirón de la Unión, in Lima.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "An online newspaper using La Prensa's name and logo ran from 2012 to 2022, part of the Perú.com [es] website.", "title": "" } ]	La Prensa was a Peruvian newspaper, published in Lima, whose first issue went on sale on September 23, 1903. It was also known as the Baquíjano newspaper, because its headquarters were located at 745 Baquíjano Street, current block 7 of the Jirón de la Unión, in Lima. An online newspaper using La Prensa's name and logo ran from 2012 to 2022, part of the Perú.com website.	2023-12-08T21:33:16Z	2023-12-08T21:33:16Z	[ "Template:Ill", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite news", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox newspaper" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Prensa_(Peru)
75,518,886	Armed Aphrodite (NAMA 262)	Armed Aphrodite (Greek: Ένοπλη Αφροδίτη) is a first-century AD Roman marble sculpture depicting Aphrodite Areia, or the war-like aspect of the Greek goddess Aphrodite, who was more commonly worshipped as a goddess of beauty and love. It is modelled after a lost Greek original of the fourth century BC made by Polykleitos the Younger, and is now kept in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens in Greece with accession number 262. The statue was found in ancient Epidaurus, in the sanctuary of Asclepius the year 1886 during excavation works, along with several other sculptures in the site. The statue was eventually transferred to the capital Athens, where it has been displayed ever since in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. The original Greek sculpture, a work of Polykleitos the Younger, would have been produced around the fourth century BC. The goddess stands upright supporting her weight on her right leg, her left one relaxed, with her head turned left and tilted toward the ground. She is dressed in a thin (almost transparent) chiton that embraces her torso so that the finer curves of her body, especially the pubic triangle and the navel, can be admired. The chiton has slipped off her right shoulder, exposing her firm right breast bare. The chiton is then wound around the left arm, and falling off freely at her side. The goddess's hair is coiffed in very delicate and wavy tresses, and is tied with a ribbon and placed at the back of her head in a pigtail that is wound in a snood. Across her half-exposed half-dressed chest passes the belt of her scabbard diagonally. She would have bore a sword on her left hand, but it is unknown what the right one held. It has been suggested (in particular due to the features of the head) that this statue is not a Roman copy but in fact a Greek original of the Hellenistic era. Most of the right arm, the feet and the nose of the statue are missing, while the face is heavily damaged; the left arm and the head were found separately and had to be reattached to the rest of the sculpture. With a height of 1,51 m., this parian-marble sculpture is lifesize. In ancient Greek cult and religion, the usually love-associated Aphrodite was sometimes worshipped as a war goddess under the epithet Areia (Ancient Greek: Ἀφροδίτη Ἀρεία) or "Aphrodite the Warlike", under which she was depicted in full armor like the war god Ares, her lover. This representation was found in Sparta, Argos, Cythera and Taras (modern Taranto).	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Armed Aphrodite (Greek: Ένοπλη Αφροδίτη) is a first-century AD Roman marble sculpture depicting Aphrodite Areia, or the war-like aspect of the Greek goddess Aphrodite, who was more commonly worshipped as a goddess of beauty and love. It is modelled after a lost Greek original of the fourth century BC made by Polykleitos the Younger, and is now kept in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens in Greece with accession number 262.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The statue was found in ancient Epidaurus, in the sanctuary of Asclepius the year 1886 during excavation works, along with several other sculptures in the site. The statue was eventually transferred to the capital Athens, where it has been displayed ever since in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens. The original Greek sculpture, a work of Polykleitos the Younger, would have been produced around the fourth century BC.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The goddess stands upright supporting her weight on her right leg, her left one relaxed, with her head turned left and tilted toward the ground. She is dressed in a thin (almost transparent) chiton that embraces her torso so that the finer curves of her body, especially the pubic triangle and the navel, can be admired. The chiton has slipped off her right shoulder, exposing her firm right breast bare. The chiton is then wound around the left arm, and falling off freely at her side.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "The goddess's hair is coiffed in very delicate and wavy tresses, and is tied with a ribbon and placed at the back of her head in a pigtail that is wound in a snood. Across her half-exposed half-dressed chest passes the belt of her scabbard diagonally. She would have bore a sword on her left hand, but it is unknown what the right one held.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "It has been suggested (in particular due to the features of the head) that this statue is not a Roman copy but in fact a Greek original of the Hellenistic era.", "title": "Description" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Most of the right arm, the feet and the nose of the statue are missing, while the face is heavily damaged; the left arm and the head were found separately and had to be reattached to the rest of the sculpture. With a height of 1,51 m., this parian-marble sculpture is lifesize.", "title": "Condition" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In ancient Greek cult and religion, the usually love-associated Aphrodite was sometimes worshipped as a war goddess under the epithet Areia (Ancient Greek: Ἀφροδίτη Ἀρεία) or \"Aphrodite the Warlike\", under which she was depicted in full armor like the war god Ares, her lover. This representation was found in Sparta, Argos, Cythera and Taras (modern Taranto).", "title": "Aphrodite Areia" } ]	Armed Aphrodite is a first-century AD Roman marble sculpture depicting Aphrodite Areia, or the war-like aspect of the Greek goddess Aphrodite, who was more commonly worshipped as a goddess of beauty and love. It is modelled after a lost Greek original of the fourth century BC made by Polykleitos the Younger, and is now kept in the National Archaeological Museum of Athens in Greece with accession number 262.	2023-12-08T21:36:37Z	2023-12-09T11:23:23Z	[ "Template:Infobox artwork", "Template:Lang-el", "Template:Commons category-inline", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Short description", "Template:Sfn", "Template:Lang-grc", "Template:Portal", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite book", "Template:National Archaeological Museum of Athens" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armed_Aphrodite_(NAMA_262)
75,518,892	René Lammers	René Lammers (born July 12, 2008) is a Dutch racing driver who is based in Zandvoort. He is the current OK Karting European champion, and is set to drive in the 2024 F4 Spanish Championship with MP Motorsport. His father is Jan Lammers, who is a former Formula One driver, and he is also the winner of the 1988 24 Hours of Le Mans with Silk Cut Jaguar. Lammers has had a very successful karting career, as in September 2020 he won his first major karting title, in the WSK Euro Series 60 Mini category. This was followed by victory in the same category in the Trofeo Andrea Margutti. For 2021, Lammers stepped up to the X30 Junior and OK Junior categories, as he won the Trofeo Andrea Margutti again. for 2022, he stayed in the same category, having some more success by consistantly finishing in the top 10 of championships. However, 2023 was his breakout season, winning the Karting European Championship. Lammers also finished 2nd in the Karting World Championship, driving for Parolin Motorsport. On 13 December 2023, Lammers announced his place as a competitor in the Spanish F4 championship for 2024, where he will be racing for MP Motorsport. MP Motorsport made a deal with Lammers despite the Ferrari Driver Academy selecting him as the Scouting World Finals champion, therefore winning a place in the Junior Team. The young Dutchman rejected Ferrari and has made it clear he prefers to stay independent for as long as he is able to in his climb to Formula 1.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "René Lammers (born July 12, 2008) is a Dutch racing driver who is based in Zandvoort. He is the current OK Karting European champion, and is set to drive in the 2024 F4 Spanish Championship with MP Motorsport. His father is Jan Lammers, who is a former Formula One driver, and he is also the winner of the 1988 24 Hours of Le Mans with Silk Cut Jaguar.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Lammers has had a very successful karting career, as in September 2020 he won his first major karting title, in the WSK Euro Series 60 Mini category. This was followed by victory in the same category in the Trofeo Andrea Margutti. For 2021, Lammers stepped up to the X30 Junior and OK Junior categories, as he won the Trofeo Andrea Margutti again. for 2022, he stayed in the same category, having some more success by consistantly finishing in the top 10 of championships. However, 2023 was his breakout season, winning the Karting European Championship. Lammers also finished 2nd in the Karting World Championship, driving for Parolin Motorsport.", "title": "Career" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "On 13 December 2023, Lammers announced his place as a competitor in the Spanish F4 championship for 2024, where he will be racing for MP Motorsport. MP Motorsport made a deal with Lammers despite the Ferrari Driver Academy selecting him as the Scouting World Finals champion, therefore winning a place in the Junior Team. The young Dutchman rejected Ferrari and has made it clear he prefers to stay independent for as long as he is able to in his climb to Formula 1.", "title": "Career" } ]	René Lammers is a Dutch racing driver who is based in Zandvoort. He is the current OK Karting European champion, and is set to drive in the 2024 F4 Spanish Championship with MP Motorsport. His father is Jan Lammers, who is a former Formula One driver, and he is also the winner of the 1988 24 Hours of Le Mans with Silk Cut Jaguar.	2023-12-08T21:37:17Z	2023-12-31T21:19:19Z	[ "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Citation", "Template:Short description", "Template:Draft topics", "Template:AfC topic", "Template:AfC submission", "Template:Infobox racing driver" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Lammers
75,518,902	Yarlısu, Varto	Yarlısu is a village in the Varto District, Muş Province, in east Turkey. It is 74 km from Muş city center and 14 km from Varto district. Yarlısu and the plateau used for animal husbandry are located on the Bingöl Mountains.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Yarlısu is a village in the Varto District, Muş Province, in east Turkey. It is 74 km from Muş city center and 14 km from Varto district.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Yarlısu and the plateau used for animal husbandry are located on the Bingöl Mountains.", "title": "Geology and geography" } ]	Yarlısu is a village in the Varto District, Muş Province, in east Turkey. It is 74 km from Muş city center and 14 km from Varto district.	2023-12-08T21:38:20Z	2023-12-10T01:20:38Z	[ "Template:Short description", "Template:Infobox Turkey place", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Muş-geo-stub" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarl%C4%B1su,_Varto
75,518,905	2nd Astra Film Creative Arts Awards	The 2nd Astra Film Creative Arts Awards, presented by the Hollywood Creative Alliance, will take place on February 26, 2024, at City Market Social House in Los Angeles, California to recognize technical achievements in films of 2023. Following the renaming of the awards organization from Hollywood Critics Association to Hollywood Creative Alliance, the org also gave its signature awards shows a new name: "The Astra Awards". This means the HCA Film Awards, HCA TV Awards, and HCA Creative Arts Awards have now become the Astra Film Awards, Astra TV Awards and Astra Creative Arts Awards, respectively; the name change was approved by the HCA's advisory committee on November 17, 2023. The nominations for both the film awards and the film creative arts awards were announced live on December 7, 2023, on the official HCA YouTube channel, by actresses Anjali Bhimani and Melora Hardin, who were joined by Hollywood Creative Alliance's Vice Chair Yong Chavez, Head of Member Engagement Jeandra LeBeauf and Secretary Morgan Rojas. Oppenheimer led the creative arts awards nominations with eight, followed by Poor Things with six, and Barbie, John Wick: Chapter 4 and Killers of the Flower Moon with five apiece. Winners will be listed first and highlighted with boldface The following films received multiple nominations:	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "The 2nd Astra Film Creative Arts Awards, presented by the Hollywood Creative Alliance, will take place on February 26, 2024, at City Market Social House in Los Angeles, California to recognize technical achievements in films of 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Following the renaming of the awards organization from Hollywood Critics Association to Hollywood Creative Alliance, the org also gave its signature awards shows a new name: \"The Astra Awards\". This means the HCA Film Awards, HCA TV Awards, and HCA Creative Arts Awards have now become the Astra Film Awards, Astra TV Awards and Astra Creative Arts Awards, respectively; the name change was approved by the HCA's advisory committee on November 17, 2023.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The nominations for both the film awards and the film creative arts awards were announced live on December 7, 2023, on the official HCA YouTube channel, by actresses Anjali Bhimani and Melora Hardin, who were joined by Hollywood Creative Alliance's Vice Chair Yong Chavez, Head of Member Engagement Jeandra LeBeauf and Secretary Morgan Rojas. Oppenheimer led the creative arts awards nominations with eight, followed by Poor Things with six, and Barbie, John Wick: Chapter 4 and Killers of the Flower Moon with five apiece.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Winners will be listed first and highlighted with boldface", "title": "Nominees" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The following films received multiple nominations:", "title": "Films with multiple nominations" } ]	The 2nd Astra Film Creative Arts Awards, presented by the Hollywood Creative Alliance, will take place on February 26, 2024, at City Market Social House in Los Angeles, California to recognize technical achievements in films of 2023. Following the renaming of the awards organization from Hollywood Critics Association to Hollywood Creative Alliance, the org also gave its signature awards shows a new name: "The Astra Awards". This means the HCA Film Awards, HCA TV Awards, and HCA Creative Arts Awards have now become the Astra Film Awards, Astra TV Awards and Astra Creative Arts Awards, respectively; the name change was approved by the HCA's advisory committee on November 17, 2023. The nominations for both the film awards and the film creative arts awards were announced live on December 7, 2023, on the official HCA YouTube channel, by actresses Anjali Bhimani and Melora Hardin, who were joined by Hollywood Creative Alliance's Vice Chair Yong Chavez, Head of Member Engagement Jeandra LeBeauf and Secretary Morgan Rojas. Oppenheimer led the creative arts awards nominations with eight, followed by Poor Things with six, and Barbie, John Wick: Chapter 4 and Killers of the Flower Moon with five apiece.	2023-12-08T21:38:29Z	2023-12-25T02:20:01Z	[ "Template:Official", "Template:Short description", "Template:Use mdy dates", "Template:Infobox film awards", "Template:Award category", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite press release", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2nd_Astra_Film_Creative_Arts_Awards
75,518,933	Erla S. Haraldsdóttir	Erla S. Haraldsdóttir (born 1967 in Reykjavik, Iceland) is an Icelandic visual artist primarily working with painting, drawing, printmaking, and photomontage. She is based in Berlin and Johannesburg. Haraldsdóttir studied at the Academy of Design and Crafts, Gothenburg, Sweden, from 1991 - 1992; Houvedskous Målarskola in Gothenburg from 1992 - 1993; Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm, Sweden from 1993 - 1994; the San Francisco Art Institute in California in 1997; and she received her MFA at the Valand Academy of Fine Art in Gothenburg in 1998. Thematically, she employs a narrative-driven approach using cultural symbols and historical motifs, harnessing the physicality of both paint and colour. She has also served as a guest professor at the Umeå Academy of Fine Arts in Sweden. Haraldsdóttir uses methodology she calls "freedom of restraint" to help her engage in her work and create a "system" for each artwork that enables her to concretize the project. In an interview, she quoted English poet William Blake to illustrate the idea further: “I must create a system, or be enslaved by another man’s. I will not reason and compare: my business is to create.” Her work has been exhibited in museums and galleries including: Lund Cathedral, The Crypt, (Sweden), Hallgrímskirkja, (Reykjavik, Iceland), Kalmar Konstmuseum (Sweden), Moderna Museet (Stockholm), Akureyri Art Museum (Iceland), Kunstverein Langenhagen (Germany), Bielefelder Kunstverein (Germany), Künstlerhaus Bethanien (Berlin), Berlinische Galerie (Berlin) and the Momentum Biennial of Contemporary Art (Moss, Norway). In Iceland, her art is featured in public collections at the National Gallery of Iceland, Reykjavík Art Museum, Akureyri Art Museum, and the ASÍ Art Museum. And in Sweden, her public work can be found at the National Public Art Council and Moderna Museet. Her residencies include the Bag Factory Artists Studio (Johannesburg), Künstlerhaus Bethanien (Berlin), Cité des Arts (Paris), and Ateliers ’89 (Oranjestad, Aruba). Haraldsdóttir has an upcoming exhibition at the Listasafn Árnesinga art museum entitled "My Mother's Dream," taking place from 10 February 2024 through 19 May 2024. The exhibit focuses on a dream that her great-great-grandmother had as a teenager that describes an encounter with the "hidden people," elves that originate from Icelandic lore. The exhibit ties together with the ideas of Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung on the collective unconscious and archetypal dreams. Her recent exhibitions include Genesis (Galleri Konstepidemin Göteborg) Genesis (Hallgrimskirkja, Reykjavik) Make a Painting of Trees Growing in a Forest (Kalmar Konstmuseum), 2016, Just Painted (Reykjavík Art Museum), Project Metropolis (Silesian Museum, Katowice), 2015, Visual Wandering (Listasafn ASÍ, Reykjavík), 2014, (In)dependent People, Reykjavík Arts Festival, 2012, and Moment-Ynglingagatan 1 (Moderna Museet, Stockholm), 2011. Haraldsdóttir also has numerous publications in print. They include "My Mother's Dream," published by Arvinius & Orfeus in 2021, "Övergångar" / Transformations, also published by Arvinius & Orfeus in 2021, Patterns of the Family Catalogue, published by ´uns and Listasafn Reykjanesbæjar in 2019, "Make a Painting of Trees Growing in a Forest," published by Crymogea in 2015, and "Difficulty of Freedom / Freedom of Difficulty," also published by Crymogea in 2014.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Erla S. Haraldsdóttir (born 1967 in Reykjavik, Iceland) is an Icelandic visual artist primarily working with painting, drawing, printmaking, and photomontage. She is based in Berlin and Johannesburg.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Haraldsdóttir studied at the Academy of Design and Crafts, Gothenburg, Sweden, from 1991 - 1992; Houvedskous Målarskola in Gothenburg from 1992 - 1993; Royal Swedish Academy of Fine Arts in Stockholm, Sweden from 1993 - 1994; the San Francisco Art Institute in California in 1997; and she received her MFA at the Valand Academy of Fine Art in Gothenburg in 1998. Thematically, she employs a narrative-driven approach using cultural symbols and historical motifs, harnessing the physicality of both paint and colour.", "title": "Education and Artistic Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "She has also served as a guest professor at the Umeå Academy of Fine Arts in Sweden.", "title": "Education and Artistic Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "Haraldsdóttir uses methodology she calls \"freedom of restraint\" to help her engage in her work and create a \"system\" for each artwork that enables her to concretize the project. In an interview, she quoted English poet William Blake to illustrate the idea further:", "title": "Education and Artistic Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "“I must create a system, or be enslaved by another man’s. I will not reason and compare: my business is to create.”", "title": "Education and Artistic Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 5, "text": "Her work has been exhibited in museums and galleries including: Lund Cathedral, The Crypt, (Sweden), Hallgrímskirkja, (Reykjavik, Iceland), Kalmar Konstmuseum (Sweden), Moderna Museet (Stockholm), Akureyri Art Museum (Iceland), Kunstverein Langenhagen (Germany), Bielefelder Kunstverein (Germany), Künstlerhaus Bethanien (Berlin), Berlinische Galerie (Berlin) and the Momentum Biennial of Contemporary Art (Moss, Norway).", "title": "Education and Artistic Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 6, "text": "In Iceland, her art is featured in public collections at the National Gallery of Iceland, Reykjavík Art Museum, Akureyri Art Museum, and the ASÍ Art Museum. And in Sweden, her public work can be found at the National Public Art Council and Moderna Museet.", "title": "Education and Artistic Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 7, "text": "Her residencies include the Bag Factory Artists Studio (Johannesburg), Künstlerhaus Bethanien (Berlin), Cité des Arts (Paris), and Ateliers ’89 (Oranjestad, Aruba).", "title": "Education and Artistic Work" }, { "paragraph_id": 8, "text": "Haraldsdóttir has an upcoming exhibition at the Listasafn Árnesinga art museum entitled \"My Mother's Dream,\" taking place from 10 February 2024 through 19 May 2024. The exhibit focuses on a dream that her great-great-grandmother had as a teenager that describes an encounter with the \"hidden people,\" elves that originate from Icelandic lore. The exhibit ties together with the ideas of Swiss psychologist Carl Gustav Jung on the collective unconscious and archetypal dreams.", "title": "Exhibitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 9, "text": "Her recent exhibitions include Genesis (Galleri Konstepidemin Göteborg) Genesis (Hallgrimskirkja, Reykjavik) Make a Painting of Trees Growing in a Forest (Kalmar Konstmuseum), 2016, Just Painted (Reykjavík Art Museum), Project Metropolis (Silesian Museum, Katowice), 2015, Visual Wandering (Listasafn ASÍ, Reykjavík), 2014, (In)dependent People, Reykjavík Arts Festival, 2012, and Moment-Ynglingagatan 1 (Moderna Museet, Stockholm), 2011.", "title": "Exhibitions" }, { "paragraph_id": 10, "text": "Haraldsdóttir also has numerous publications in print. They include \"My Mother's Dream,\" published by Arvinius & Orfeus in 2021, \"Övergångar\" / Transformations, also published by Arvinius & Orfeus in 2021, Patterns of the Family Catalogue, published by ´uns and Listasafn Reykjanesbæjar in 2019, \"Make a Painting of Trees Growing in a Forest,\" published by Crymogea in 2015, and \"Difficulty of Freedom / Freedom of Difficulty,\" also published by Crymogea in 2014.", "title": "Publications" } ]	Erla S. Haraldsdóttir is an Icelandic visual artist primarily working with painting, drawing, printmaking, and photomontage. She is based in Berlin and Johannesburg.	2023-12-08T21:43:57Z	2024-01-01T00:03:38Z	[ "Template:Orphan", "Template:Infobox person", "Template:Cite web", "Template:Cite book", "Template:Official website" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erla_S._Haraldsd%C3%B3ttir
75,518,945	La Sad	La Sad is an Italian pop punk band formed in 2020 in Milan. They debuted in 2020 with the song "Summersad". Their first album, Sto nella Sad, was released on 14 January 2022. An extended re-issue of the album was released at the end of year. In 2023, their single "Toxic" peaked at number 35 on the Italian chart and was certified gold. The band is set to participate in the Sanremo Music Festival 2024.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "La Sad is an Italian pop punk band formed in 2020 in Milan.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "They debuted in 2020 with the song \"Summersad\". Their first album, Sto nella Sad, was released on 14 January 2022. An extended re-issue of the album was released at the end of year. In 2023, their single \"Toxic\" peaked at number 35 on the Italian chart and was certified gold.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "The band is set to participate in the Sanremo Music Festival 2024.", "title": "History" } ]	La Sad is an Italian pop punk band formed in 2020 in Milan.	2023-12-08T21:46:14Z	2023-12-20T10:24:44Z	[ "Template:Use dmy dates", "Template:Small", "Template:Cite certification", "Template:Commonscat", "Template:Authority control", "Template:Italy-band-stub", "Template:Infobox musical artist", "Template:Lang", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_Sad
75,518,964	Nāṣir al-Dīn ibn Burhān al-Dīn Rabghūzī	Nāṣir al-Dīn ibn Burhān al-Dīn Rabghūzī was a Turkic judge living under the Chaghatay Khanate (perhaps in Transoxiana, in Ribāṭ Oghuz) around 1310 CE. He is known for translating a text generally known as Qiṣaṣ-i Rabg̲h̲ūzī into Khwārazm Turkish, affording one of the main sources for that language. The only source for Rabghūzī is his Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī, a text in the Islamic religious genre known as Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ (stories about the prophets), including around seventy poems, some in Khwārazm Turkish and others in Arabic. The text was commissioned by an otherwise unknown Mongol prince called Nāṣir al-Dīn Tuḳ Bugha and completed in 1310/1311 CE. In the assessment of H. E. Boeschoten and J. O'Kane, though inspired by Arabic and Persian predecessors, Rabghūzī's compilation of The Stories of the Prophets has a distinctly original quality with regard to its content and style. It is true that the Qurʾanic material on the prophets and Qurʾanic exegisis form the basis for the work, and Rabghūzī certainly had a firm command over the subject matter. But popular stories, epic themes and a fair amount of poetry have been integrated into the text as well. In view of the directness and the relatively simple structure of the work's language, one can well imagine that Rabghūzī's Qiṣaṣ must have been useful as a source book for preachers. As of 2015, much work remained to be done to identify the sources of Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī, but they are known to have been numerous. According to Boeschoten and O'Kane, 'no known version of the Qiṣaṣ in Arabic or Persian is very close to Rabghāuzī's version'. The most similar text in both content and language is the Nahdjatü l-farādīs by Maḥmūd ibn ʿAlī, composed sometime before 1358. Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī includes around 1200 Arabic quotations from the ḥadīth and Qurʾān. It seems to have used a Persian qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ by Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Mansūr ibn Khalafi al-Nīshābūrī, and Arabic sources include al-Ṭabarī's Tarīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk, ibn ʾIsḥāq's Sīrat Rasūl Allāh, al-Thaʿlabī's ʿArāʾis al-madjālis fī ḳiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ, and al-Kisāʾī's qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ. However, Rabghūzī explains that he also used Turkic-language qiṣaṣ, little or none of which material survives in the present. The text survives in five manuscripts from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries CE, along with what M. van Damme has called "a host of new mss" copied from the eighteenth century to the twentieth, updating the language to then more current forms of Turkic.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Nāṣir al-Dīn ibn Burhān al-Dīn Rabghūzī was a Turkic judge living under the Chaghatay Khanate (perhaps in Transoxiana, in Ribāṭ Oghuz) around 1310 CE. He is known for translating a text generally known as Qiṣaṣ-i Rabg̲h̲ūzī into Khwārazm Turkish, affording one of the main sources for that language.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "The only source for Rabghūzī is his Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī, a text in the Islamic religious genre known as Qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ (stories about the prophets), including around seventy poems, some in Khwārazm Turkish and others in Arabic. The text was commissioned by an otherwise unknown Mongol prince called Nāṣir al-Dīn Tuḳ Bugha and completed in 1310/1311 CE. In the assessment of H. E. Boeschoten and J. O'Kane,", "title": "Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "though inspired by Arabic and Persian predecessors, Rabghūzī's compilation of The Stories of the Prophets has a distinctly original quality with regard to its content and style. It is true that the Qurʾanic material on the prophets and Qurʾanic exegisis form the basis for the work, and Rabghūzī certainly had a firm command over the subject matter. But popular stories, epic themes and a fair amount of poetry have been integrated into the text as well. In view of the directness and the relatively simple structure of the work's language, one can well imagine that Rabghūzī's Qiṣaṣ must have been useful as a source book for preachers.", "title": "Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī" }, { "paragraph_id": 3, "text": "As of 2015, much work remained to be done to identify the sources of Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī, but they are known to have been numerous. According to Boeschoten and O'Kane, 'no known version of the Qiṣaṣ in Arabic or Persian is very close to Rabghāuzī's version'. The most similar text in both content and language is the Nahdjatü l-farādīs by Maḥmūd ibn ʿAlī, composed sometime before 1358. Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī includes around 1200 Arabic quotations from the ḥadīth and Qurʾān. It seems to have used a Persian qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ by Isḥāq ibn Ibrāhīm ibn Mansūr ibn Khalafi al-Nīshābūrī, and Arabic sources include al-Ṭabarī's Tarīkh al-rusul wa-l-mulūk, ibn ʾIsḥāq's Sīrat Rasūl Allāh, al-Thaʿlabī's ʿArāʾis al-madjālis fī ḳiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ, and al-Kisāʾī's qiṣaṣ al-anbiyāʾ. However, Rabghūzī explains that he also used Turkic-language qiṣaṣ, little or none of which material survives in the present.", "title": "Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī" }, { "paragraph_id": 4, "text": "The text survives in five manuscripts from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries CE, along with what M. van Damme has called \"a host of new mss\" copied from the eighteenth century to the twentieth, updating the language to then more current forms of Turkic.", "title": "Qiṣaṣ-i Rabghūzī" } ]	Nāṣir al-Dīn ibn Burhān al-Dīn Rabghūzī was a Turkic judge living under the Chaghatay Khanate around 1310 CE. He is known for translating a text generally known as Qiṣaṣ-i Rabg̲h̲ūzī into Khwārazm Turkish, affording one of the main sources for that language.	2023-12-08T21:50:16Z	2023-12-26T16:15:56Z	[ "Template:Continental Asia in 1300 CE", "Template:Rp", "Template:ISBN", "Template:Reflist", "Template:DOI" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C4%81%E1%B9%A3ir_al-D%C4%ABn_ibn_Burh%C4%81n_al-D%C4%ABn_Rabgh%C5%ABz%C4%AB
75,518,990	Polish Peruvians	Polish Peruvians (Polish: Polacy w Peru, Spanish: Polaco-peruanos) are Peruvian-born citizens who are of fully or partially of Polish descent, whose ancestors were Poles who emigrated to Peru as part of the Polish diaspora or Polish-born people in Peru. Most Poles arrived to Peru during the 19th century, as part of the Great Emigration. Another large wave took place in the Interwar period, as well as during and after World War II. In January 1928, a Polish expedition headed for the area of the Ucayali River, to check possibilities of creation of settlements for farmers on several thousand hectares of rainforest. Soon afterward, the first settlers arrived in Peru, but because of the Great Crisis, the government in Warsaw ceased to fund the action. Private donations were insufficient, furthermore, the first settlers discovered the local condition to be much worse than advertised. In 1933, the contract with the Peruvians was terminated, and to avoid international scandal, all settlers returned to Poland.	[ { "paragraph_id": 0, "text": "Polish Peruvians (Polish: Polacy w Peru, Spanish: Polaco-peruanos) are Peruvian-born citizens who are of fully or partially of Polish descent, whose ancestors were Poles who emigrated to Peru as part of the Polish diaspora or Polish-born people in Peru.", "title": "" }, { "paragraph_id": 1, "text": "Most Poles arrived to Peru during the 19th century, as part of the Great Emigration. Another large wave took place in the Interwar period, as well as during and after World War II.", "title": "History" }, { "paragraph_id": 2, "text": "In January 1928, a Polish expedition headed for the area of the Ucayali River, to check possibilities of creation of settlements for farmers on several thousand hectares of rainforest. Soon afterward, the first settlers arrived in Peru, but because of the Great Crisis, the government in Warsaw ceased to fund the action. Private donations were insufficient, furthermore, the first settlers discovered the local condition to be much worse than advertised. In 1933, the contract with the Peruvians was terminated, and to avoid international scandal, all settlers returned to Poland.", "title": "History" } ]	Polish Peruvians are Peruvian-born citizens who are of fully or partially of Polish descent, whose ancestors were Poles who emigrated to Peru as part of the Polish diaspora or Polish-born people in Peru.	2023-12-08T21:56:20Z	2023-12-20T19:54:58Z	[ "Template:Infobox ethnic group", "Template:Lang-pl", "Template:Lang-es", "Template:Reflist", "Template:Cite web" ]	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_Peruvians

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