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75,511,236 | Ali Abdi (activist) | Ali Abdi (born 21 April, 1985, Persian: علی عبدی) is an Iranian human and women rights activist and former student activist at Sharif University of Technology.
Abdi took part in the 2006 One Million Signatures women's rights campaign.
In 2009, Abdi was a participant in the Iranian Green Movement while a student at Sharif University of Technology in Tehran. He was able to avoid arrest, and in September he left Iran after obtaining a student visa.
After completing his Ph.D. at Yale, Abdi moved to Brooklyn, New York City. While living outside of Iran, Abdi continued to remain involved in activism. In New York, he worked on campaigns allowing for medicine to be imported into Iran, as well as campaigns opposing sanctions on Iran due to their humanitarian cost. Online, he continued to remain active on Iranian social media. In 2013, Abdi received political asylum in the United States.
In 2017, Abdi opposed further restrictions on the United States' Visa Waiver Program, fearing they would punish Iranian citizens for the actions of their government.
After 14 years in exile living in USA, EU and Afghanistan, he returned to Iran in June 2023 and was arrested in November 2023.
Abdi is currently imprisoned in Tehran’s Evin prison, controlled by the IRGC's intelligence agents, and faces serious health issues, including the risk of losing his eyesight due to inadequate medical care. The specifics of the charges against him remain unclear.
He finished his Bsc in mechanical engineering in 2008 from Sharif University of Technology which is considered Iran's MIT and the country most prestigious university. He moved to EU for graduate study and earned a master's degree in gender studies at a school in Budapest, and a Ph.D. in anthropology from Yale University. Abdi traveled to Afghanistan in January 2017 to work on his doctoral thesis; he was subsequently impacted by Executive Order 13769 and subsequent executive orders that restricted Iranian nationals from entering the United States.
In 2021, while in Afghanistan as part of his PhD studies in anthropology at Yale University, Abdi was captured by Taliban in Bamyan during Talban take over of Afghanistan. He was released after 2 weeks.
After release he moved to Turkey and finished his PhD there. After defense, and losing his right eye sight, he decided to go back to Iran to be with his family. At Embays of Iran in Ankara for renewal of his passport he went under 4 hours of security interview about his pasts, but he eventually granted entry and was issued a new passport and went to Iran. After about 1 month in Isfahan, Iran he was arrested and charged. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ali Abdi (born 21 April, 1985, Persian: علی عبدی) is an Iranian human and women rights activist and former student activist at Sharif University of Technology.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Abdi took part in the 2006 One Million Signatures women's rights campaign.",
"title": "Activism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2009, Abdi was a participant in the Iranian Green Movement while a student at Sharif University of Technology in Tehran. He was able to avoid arrest, and in September he left Iran after obtaining a student visa.",
"title": "Activism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After completing his Ph.D. at Yale, Abdi moved to Brooklyn, New York City. While living outside of Iran, Abdi continued to remain involved in activism. In New York, he worked on campaigns allowing for medicine to be imported into Iran, as well as campaigns opposing sanctions on Iran due to their humanitarian cost. Online, he continued to remain active on Iranian social media. In 2013, Abdi received political asylum in the United States.",
"title": "Activism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2017, Abdi opposed further restrictions on the United States' Visa Waiver Program, fearing they would punish Iranian citizens for the actions of their government.",
"title": "Activism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "After 14 years in exile living in USA, EU and Afghanistan, he returned to Iran in June 2023 and was arrested in November 2023.",
"title": "2023 arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Abdi is currently imprisoned in Tehran’s Evin prison, controlled by the IRGC's intelligence agents, and faces serious health issues, including the risk of losing his eyesight due to inadequate medical care. The specifics of the charges against him remain unclear.",
"title": "2023 arrest"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "He finished his Bsc in mechanical engineering in 2008 from Sharif University of Technology which is considered Iran's MIT and the country most prestigious university. He moved to EU for graduate study and earned a master's degree in gender studies at a school in Budapest, and a Ph.D. in anthropology from Yale University. Abdi traveled to Afghanistan in January 2017 to work on his doctoral thesis; he was subsequently impacted by Executive Order 13769 and subsequent executive orders that restricted Iranian nationals from entering the United States.",
"title": "Personal life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In 2021, while in Afghanistan as part of his PhD studies in anthropology at Yale University, Abdi was captured by Taliban in Bamyan during Talban take over of Afghanistan. He was released after 2 weeks.",
"title": "Personal life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "After release he moved to Turkey and finished his PhD there. After defense, and losing his right eye sight, he decided to go back to Iran to be with his family. At Embays of Iran in Ankara for renewal of his passport he went under 4 hours of security interview about his pasts, but he eventually granted entry and was issued a new passport and went to Iran. After about 1 month in Isfahan, Iran he was arrested and charged.",
"title": "Personal life and education"
}
] | Ali Abdi is an Iranian human and women rights activist and former student activist at Sharif University of Technology. | 2023-12-07T23:54:22Z | 2023-12-26T16:19:08Z | [
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Abdi_(activist) |
75,511,256 | 2023–24 AWIHL season | The 2023–24 AWIHL season is the 15th season of the Australian Women's Ice Hockey League (AWIHL). It ran from 28 October 2023 until 10 March 2024. Five teams competed in 40 regular season games followed by 4 playoff games, making up the AWIHL Finals weekend.
In 2023–24 the AWIHL had five teams from five Australian state capital cities competing, stretching east to west of the continent.
Ahead of the 2023-24 season, IceHQ's Melbourne Ducks announced their bid to join the AWIHL. The official AWIHL gameday schedule was released in early September 2023. The season structure was amended from 2022-23, with each team now playing eight home and eight away games for a total of sixteen games over the regular season. An increase from the previous six home and away games. In September 2023, the AWIHL broadcast partner, Clutch.TV, went into administration and ceased all operations. The league was left little time to look for a new broadcaster for season 2023-24. On 24 October, the AWIHL announced a deal with Sportscast Australia to become the league's new broadcast partner for season 2023-24. A few days later the AWIHL and Sportscast Australia launched AWIHL.TV to deliver region-unlocked live and on-demand streaming of all regular season and finals games on a custom built website and YouTube.
To support the Melbourne Ducks application to join the league, the AWIHL approved the team to setup an exhibition series against existing AWIHL teams, including the Sydney Sirens, Melbourne Ice and Adelaide Rush, during season 2023-24. The Sydney Sirens also arranged a pre-season exhibition against a select team from their sponsor Wayward Brewing Co.
Running between 28 October 2023 and 25 February 2024, the AWIHL regular season consisted of 40 games in total, with teams playing 16 games each.
Key:
The top four teams in the AWIHL regular season qualify for the Joan McKowen Memorial Trophy playoffs. The playoffs is held on a single weekend and uses Australian conventions of being called Finals. The playoff system used by the AWIHL is a four team single game semi-finals and grand final system where the semi-final winners progress to the grand final and the losers playoff for third place. Semi-finals are played on the Saturday and the third place playoff and grand final is played on the Sunday. The prize for being crowned AWIHL Champions for winning the grand final is the Joan McKowen Memorial Trophy. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023–24 AWIHL season is the 15th season of the Australian Women's Ice Hockey League (AWIHL). It ran from 28 October 2023 until 10 March 2024. Five teams competed in 40 regular season games followed by 4 playoff games, making up the AWIHL Finals weekend.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 2023–24 the AWIHL had five teams from five Australian state capital cities competing, stretching east to west of the continent.",
"title": "Teams"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Ahead of the 2023-24 season, IceHQ's Melbourne Ducks announced their bid to join the AWIHL. The official AWIHL gameday schedule was released in early September 2023. The season structure was amended from 2022-23, with each team now playing eight home and eight away games for a total of sixteen games over the regular season. An increase from the previous six home and away games. In September 2023, the AWIHL broadcast partner, Clutch.TV, went into administration and ceased all operations. The league was left little time to look for a new broadcaster for season 2023-24. On 24 October, the AWIHL announced a deal with Sportscast Australia to become the league's new broadcast partner for season 2023-24. A few days later the AWIHL and Sportscast Australia launched AWIHL.TV to deliver region-unlocked live and on-demand streaming of all regular season and finals games on a custom built website and YouTube.",
"title": "League Business"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "To support the Melbourne Ducks application to join the league, the AWIHL approved the team to setup an exhibition series against existing AWIHL teams, including the Sydney Sirens, Melbourne Ice and Adelaide Rush, during season 2023-24. The Sydney Sirens also arranged a pre-season exhibition against a select team from their sponsor Wayward Brewing Co.",
"title": "League Business"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Running between 28 October 2023 and 25 February 2024, the AWIHL regular season consisted of 40 games in total, with teams playing 16 games each.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Key:",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The top four teams in the AWIHL regular season qualify for the Joan McKowen Memorial Trophy playoffs. The playoffs is held on a single weekend and uses Australian conventions of being called Finals. The playoff system used by the AWIHL is a four team single game semi-finals and grand final system where the semi-final winners progress to the grand final and the losers playoff for third place. Semi-finals are played on the Saturday and the third place playoff and grand final is played on the Sunday. The prize for being crowned AWIHL Champions for winning the grand final is the Joan McKowen Memorial Trophy.",
"title": "Joan McKowen playoffs"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "",
"title": "Joan McKowen playoffs"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "",
"title": "Joan McKowen playoffs"
}
] | The 2023–24 AWIHL season is the 15th season of the Australian Women's Ice Hockey League (AWIHL). It ran from 28 October 2023 until 10 March 2024. Five teams competed in 40 regular season games followed by 4 playoff games, making up the AWIHL Finals weekend. | 2023-12-07T23:56:29Z | 2023-12-08T23:46:05Z | [
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"Template:Reflist",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_AWIHL_season |
75,511,286 | Capital Market and Financial Institutions Supervisory Agency | Capital Market and Financial Institutions Supervisory Agency (Indonesian: Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal dan Lembaga Keuangan) (shortly BAPEPAM-LK) is an institution under the Ministry of Finance (Indonesia) tasked with fostering, regulating, and supervising day-to-day capital market activities as well as formulating and implementing policies and technical standardization in the field of financial institutions. The current Chairman of Bapepam-LK is Nurhaida.
Bapepam-LK was a merger of the Capital Market Supervisory Agency (Bapepam) and the Directorate General of Financial Institutions. Currently, Bapepam-LK is replaced by the Financial Services Authority (Indonesia) (OJK) since the enactment of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2011.
The functions of Bapepam-LK are:
Bapepam-LK consisting of 1 Chairman of the Agency and overseeing 1 Secretariat and 12 Technical Bureaus, where the scope of guidance and supervision includes aspects of capital markets, pension funds, insurance, banking and business financing services and venture capital.
The Bapepam-LK technical bureau consists of:
The authority of Bapepam-LK is listed in Chapter II of the Capital Market Law (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Pasar Modal) (UUPM), which in outline covers about 9 areas, as follows:
a. Authority to issue business licenses for stock exchanges and supporting institutions
b. Authority to issue individual licenses for deputy underwriters, deputy broker-dealers, and deputy investment managers.
c. Authority to approve the establishment of a custodian bank
d. The authority to approve the nomination and dismissal of commissioners, directors, and appoint temporary management of stock exchanges, clearing and guarantee institutions, depository and settlement institutions until new commissioners and directors are elected.
e. The authority to examine and investigate each party in the event of a violation of the Capital Markets Law.
f. The authority to freeze or cancel the listing of certain securities
g. Authority to stop stock exchange transactions on certain securities
h. The authority to stop stock exchange trading activities in an emergency
i. The authority to act as an appeal institution for parties sanctioned by the stock exchange and clearing and guarantee institutions. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Capital Market and Financial Institutions Supervisory Agency (Indonesian: Badan Pengawas Pasar Modal dan Lembaga Keuangan) (shortly BAPEPAM-LK) is an institution under the Ministry of Finance (Indonesia) tasked with fostering, regulating, and supervising day-to-day capital market activities as well as formulating and implementing policies and technical standardization in the field of financial institutions. The current Chairman of Bapepam-LK is Nurhaida.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bapepam-LK was a merger of the Capital Market Supervisory Agency (Bapepam) and the Directorate General of Financial Institutions. Currently, Bapepam-LK is replaced by the Financial Services Authority (Indonesia) (OJK) since the enactment of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2011.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The functions of Bapepam-LK are:",
"title": "Functions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Bapepam-LK consisting of 1 Chairman of the Agency and overseeing 1 Secretariat and 12 Technical Bureaus, where the scope of guidance and supervision includes aspects of capital markets, pension funds, insurance, banking and business financing services and venture capital.",
"title": "Organizational structure"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Bapepam-LK technical bureau consists of:",
"title": "Organizational structure"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The authority of Bapepam-LK is listed in Chapter II of the Capital Market Law (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Pasar Modal) (UUPM), which in outline covers about 9 areas, as follows:",
"title": "Bapepam-LK Authority"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "a. Authority to issue business licenses for stock exchanges and supporting institutions",
"title": "Bapepam-LK Authority"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "b. Authority to issue individual licenses for deputy underwriters, deputy broker-dealers, and deputy investment managers.",
"title": "Bapepam-LK Authority"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "c. Authority to approve the establishment of a custodian bank",
"title": "Bapepam-LK Authority"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "d. The authority to approve the nomination and dismissal of commissioners, directors, and appoint temporary management of stock exchanges, clearing and guarantee institutions, depository and settlement institutions until new commissioners and directors are elected.",
"title": "Bapepam-LK Authority"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "e. The authority to examine and investigate each party in the event of a violation of the Capital Markets Law.",
"title": "Bapepam-LK Authority"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "f. The authority to freeze or cancel the listing of certain securities",
"title": "Bapepam-LK Authority"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "g. Authority to stop stock exchange transactions on certain securities",
"title": "Bapepam-LK Authority"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "h. The authority to stop stock exchange trading activities in an emergency",
"title": "Bapepam-LK Authority"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "i. The authority to act as an appeal institution for parties sanctioned by the stock exchange and clearing and guarantee institutions.",
"title": "Bapepam-LK Authority"
}
] | Capital Market and Financial Institutions Supervisory Agency is an institution under the Ministry of Finance (Indonesia) tasked with fostering, regulating, and supervising day-to-day capital market activities as well as formulating and implementing policies and technical standardization in the field of financial institutions. The current Chairman of Bapepam-LK is Nurhaida. Bapepam-LK was a merger of the Capital Market Supervisory Agency (Bapepam) and the Directorate General of Financial Institutions. Currently, Bapepam-LK is replaced by the Financial Services Authority (Indonesia) (OJK) since the enactment of Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 21 of 2011. | 2023-12-07T23:59:57Z | 2023-12-28T03:48:26Z | [
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Webarchive",
"Template:Lang-id",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_Market_and_Financial_Institutions_Supervisory_Agency |
75,511,302 | 2024 Supercopa do Brasil | The 2024 Supercopa do Brasil will be the seventh edition of Supercopa do Brasil, an annual football match played between the champions of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and Copa do Brasil.
This edition will feature Palmeiras, champions of the 2023 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, and São Paulo, champions of the 2023 Copa do Brasil, the first Choque-Rei in this competition.
On 31 October 2023, the CBF announced that the tournament would take place on 3 February 2024, with no venue yet defined. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 Supercopa do Brasil will be the seventh edition of Supercopa do Brasil, an annual football match played between the champions of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and Copa do Brasil.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "This edition will feature Palmeiras, champions of the 2023 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, and São Paulo, champions of the 2023 Copa do Brasil, the first Choque-Rei in this competition.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 31 October 2023, the CBF announced that the tournament would take place on 3 February 2024, with no venue yet defined.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | The 2024 Supercopa do Brasil will be the seventh edition of Supercopa do Brasil, an annual football match played between the champions of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A and Copa do Brasil. This edition will feature Palmeiras, champions of the 2023 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, and São Paulo, champions of the 2023 Copa do Brasil, the first Choque-Rei in this competition. On 31 October 2023, the CBF announced that the tournament would take place on 3 February 2024, with no venue yet defined. | 2023-12-08T00:00:46Z | 2023-12-10T23:12:23Z | [
"Template:Infobox football match",
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"Template:2024 in Brazilian football",
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"Template:Short description",
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"Template:Sociedade Esportiva Palmeiras matches",
"Template:Brazil-footy-competition-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Supercopa_do_Brasil |
75,511,315 | List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1851 | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1851. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.
For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.
The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3".
Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Passengers by Sea Act 1851|public|1|01-04-1851|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Passengers Act, 1849.|note4=(Repealed by Passengers Act 1852) }}
| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1851|note1=|public|2|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Supply Act 1851|public|3|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Appointment of Vice-Chancellor Act 1851|public|4|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1851|public|5|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Mutiny Act 1851|public|6|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Leases for Mills (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|7|11-04-1851|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of Parliament of Ireland of the Twenty-fifth Year of King George the Third, for explaining and amending several Laws for the Encouragement of Agriculture, so far as relates to Leases for the Erection of Mills.|note4=(Repealed by Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009) }}
| {{|Protection of Inventions Act 1851|note1=|public|8|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1851|public|9|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Indemnity Act 1851|public|10|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Poor Law (Apprentices, &c.) Act 1851|note1=|public|11|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Income Tax Act 1851|note1=|public|12|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Arsenic Act 1851|note1=or the Sale of Arsenic Regulation Act 1851|public|13|05-06-1851|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to regulate the Sale of Arsenic.|note4=(Repealed by Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1933) }}
| {{|Compound Householders Act 1851|note1=|public|14|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Chancery (Ireland) Act 1851|public|15|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Highways, South Wales Act 1851|public|16|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Commons Law Courts (Ireland) Act 1851|public|17|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stamps Act 1851|public|18|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Prevention of Offences Act 1851|public|19|03-07-1851|archived=n|An Act for the better Prevention of Offences.}}
| {{|Fee-Farm Rents (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|20|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bridges (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|21|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Survey, Great Britain Act 1851|public|22|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Works Loans Act 1851|public|23|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|School Sites Act 1851|note1=|public|24|24-07-1851|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts for the granting of Sites for Schools.}}
| {{|Landlord and Tenant Act 1851|public|25|24-07-1851|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to improve the Law of Landlord and Tenant in relation to Emblements, to growing Crops seized in Execution, and to Agricultural Tenants Fixtures.|note4=(Repealed by Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007) }}
| {{|Herring Fishery Act 1851|note1=|public|26|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Prisons (Scotland) Act 1851|public|27|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Common Lodging Houses Act 1851|note1=or the Shaftesbury Act|public|28|24-07-1851|archived=n|An Act for the well-ordering of Common Lodging Houses.}}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1851|public|29|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Highway Rates Act 1851|public|30|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Loan Societies Act 1851|public|31|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1851|public|32|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Assessed Taxes Act 1851|public|33|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Labouring Classes Lodging Houses Act 1851|note1=or the Shaftesbury Act|public|34|24-07-1851|archived=n|An Act to encourage the Establishment of Lodging Houses for the Labouring Classes.}}
| {{|Naval Apprentices (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|35|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|House Tax Act 1851|note1=|public|36|24-07-1851|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Finance Act 1924) }}
| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1851|note1=|public|37|24-07-1851|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Turnpike Acts in Great Britain.}}
| {{|Turnpike Trusts: Making of Provisional Orders Act 1851|public|38|24-07-1851|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Turnpike Acts in Great Britain.}}
| {{|Rating of Small Tenements Act 1851|public|39|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Marriages, India Act 1851|public|40|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Chief Justice's Salary Act 1851|note1=|public|41|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Crown Lands Act 1851|public|42|01-08-1851|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make better Provision for the Management of the Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues of the Crown, and for the Direction of Public Works and Buildings.}}
| {{|Hainault Forest Act 1851|public|43|01-08-1851|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for disafforesting the forest of Hainault in the county of Essex.|note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}
| {{|Turnpike Acts Continuance (Ireland) Act 1851|public|44|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lunatic Asylums (Ireland) Act 1851|public|45|01-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the Fifth and Sixth Years of Her present Majesty for amending the Law relative to Private Lunatic Asylums in Ireland.}}
| {{|Crown Lands (Copyholds) Act 1851|note1=|public|46|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Poor Rates Act 1851|public|47|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Unlawful Oaths (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=or the Unlawful Oaths Continuance Act 1851or the Unlawful Oaths Act 1851|public|48|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Preliminary Inquiries Act 1851|note1=|public|49|01-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to repeal an Act of the Eleventh and Twelfth Years of Her present Majesty, for making preliminary Inquiries in certain Cases of Applications for Local Acts, and to make other Provisions in lieu thereof.}}
| {{|Tithe Rating Act 1851|note1=or the Tithes Rating Act 1851|public|50|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Loans for Public Works (Ireland) Act 1851|public|51|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Absconding Debtors Arrest Act 1851|note1=|public|52|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Inclosure Commissioners Act 1851|note1=|public|53|01-08-1851|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and continue the Copyhold and Inclosure Commissions, and to provide for the Completion of Proceedings under the Tithe Commutation Acts.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998) }}
| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1851|note1=|public|54|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Criminal Justice Administration Act 1851|public|55|01-08-1851|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Expences of Prosecutions, and to make further Provision for the Apprehension and Trial of Offenders, in certain Cases.}}
| {{|Charities (Service of Notice) Act 1851|note1=|public|56|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Civil Bill Courts (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|57|01-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws relating to Civil Bills and the Courts of Quarter Sessions in Ireland.}}
| {{|Militia Pay Act 1851|public|58|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Soap Duties Allowances Act 1851|public|59|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1851|public|60|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1871) }}
| {{|Metropolitan Market Act 1851|note1=|public|61|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Customs Act 1851|public|62|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|New Brunswick Boundary Act 1851|note1=|public|63|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Railway Regulation Act 1851|note1=|public|64|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to repeal the Act for constituting Commissioners of Railways.}}
| {{|Grand Jury Cess (Dublin) Act 1851|note1=|public|65|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Highland Roads and Bridges Act 1851|public|66|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Gunpowder in Mersey Act 1851|public|67|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=or the Medical Charities Act 1851|public|68|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Sheep, etc., Diseases Act 1851|public|69|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Railways Act (Ireland) 1851|note1=or the Railways (Ireland) Act 1851|public|70|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to alter and amend certain provisions of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, so far as relates to Ireland.}}
| {{|Church of Ireland Acts Repeal Act 1851|public|71|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Church of Ireland Act 1851|public|72|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws relating to the Erection and Endowment of Churches and Chapels and Perpetual Curacies in Ireland.}}
| {{|Glebe (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=or the Glebe Act 1851|public|73|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws relating to Ecclesiastical Residences in Ireland.}}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Property Valuation (Ireland) Act 1851|public|74|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Metropolitan Sewers Act 1851|public|75|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to amend and continue the Metropolitan Sewer Act.}}
| {{|New Forest Act 1851|note1=|public|76|07-08-1851|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}
| {{|Battersea Park Act 1851|public|77|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Coalwhippers (Port of London) Act 1851|note1=or the Coalwhippers London Act 1851|public|78|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Steam Navigation Act 1851|note1=|public|79|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act for Great Yarmouth 1851|note1=|public|80|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lunatics Removal (India) Act 1851|note1=|public|81|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Great Seal Act 1851|public|82|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Court of Chancery Act 1851|note1=|public|83|07-08-1851|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to improve the Administration of Justice in the Court of Chancery and in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2004) }}
| {{|Canterbury Association (New Zealand) Act 1851|public|84|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Constabulary (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|85|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|New Zealand Settlements Act 1851|public|86|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Representative Peers (Scotland) Act 1851|note1=|public|87|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Solicitors Act 1851|note1=|public|88|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Metropolitan Interment Act 1851|public|89|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Fines Act (Ireland) 1851|note1=or the Fines (Ireland) Act 1851|public|90|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act for the better Collection of Fines, Penalties, Issues, Amerciaments, and forfeited Recognizances in Ireland.}}
| {{|Emigration from Scotland Act 1851|public|91|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Summary Jurisdiction (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|92|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Acts relating to certain Offences and other Matters as to which Justices of the Peace exercise Summary Jurisdiction in Ireland.}}
| {{|Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|93|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Acts regulating the Proceedings at Petty Sessions, and the Duties of Justices of the Peace out of Quarter Sessions, in Ireland.}}
| {{|High Peak Mining Customs and Mineral Courts Act 1851|note1=|public|94|07-08-1851|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to define and amend the Mineral Customs of certain Parts of the Hundred of High Peak in the County of Derby, Part of the Possessions of Her Majesty’s Duchy of Lancaster; to make Provision for the better Administration of Justice in the Barmote Courts therein; and to improve the Practice and Proceedings of the said Courts.}}
| {{|Crown Estate Paving Act 1851|note1=or the Crown Paving Act 1851|public|95|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mercantile Marine Act Amendment Act 1851|note1=|public|96|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Church Building Act 1851|note1=|public|97|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act, 1851, No. 2|note1=or the Public Health Supplemental No. 2 Act 1851|public|98|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}
| {{|Evidence Act 1851|note1=|public|99|07-08-1851|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law of Evidence.}}
| {{|Criminal Procedure Act 1851|public|100|07-08-1851|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for further improving the Administration of Criminal Justice.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1986) }}
| {{|Appropriation Act 1851|public|101|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Seamen's Fund Winding-up Act 1851|public|102|08-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts relating to the Merchant Seamen’s Fund, and to provide for winding up the said Fund, and for the better Management thereof in the meantime.}}
| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1851 (No. 3)|note1=|public|103|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Episcopal and Capitular Estates Act 1851|note1=|public|104|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Poor Law Amendment Act 1851|note1=|public|105|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|St. Alban's Bribery Commission Act 1851|public|106|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Pyecombe and Hickstead Turnpike Roads Act 1851|local|1|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Royal Naval School Amendment Act 1851|note1=|local|29|05-06-1851|note2=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for extending the Benefit of the Royal Naval School to Children at present ineligible to be admitted therein, and for authorizing the Establishment of a Chapel in connexion with the said School, and for amending the Acts relating thereto.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2008) }}
| {{|Coal Duties (London and Westminster and Adjacent Counties) Act 1851|local|166|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2008) }}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Samuel Athawes' Estate Act 1851|private|1|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Christ's Hospital Estate Act 1851|private|2|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|St. Bartholomew's Hospital Estate Act 1851|private|3|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Thomas Cubitt's Estate Act 1851|private|4|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Sir Thomas Lethbridge's Estate Act 1851|private|5|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Thomas Jackson's Estate Act 1851|private|6|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Upton's Estate Act 1851|private|7|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Glasgow Provident Bank (Winding-Up) Act 1851|private|8|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Musselburgh Estate Act 1851|private|9|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|William Moore's Estate Act 1851|private|10|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Sir Thomas Shelley's Estate Act 1851|private|11|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Duke of Bridgewater's Estate Act 1851|private|12|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Barton's Estate Act 1851|private|13|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Westminster Abbey Estate Act 1851|private|14|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Duke of Bedford's Estate Act 1851|private|15|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Brown's Estate Act 1851|private|16|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Dorward's House of Refuge for the Destitute Act 1851|private|17|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Christ Church (Oxford) Estate Act 1851|private|18|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stapylton Stapylton's Estate Act 1851|private|19|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Felstead's Charities Act 1851|private|20|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lord Bateman's Kelmarsh Estate Act 1851|private|21|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Brentwood School and Charity Act 1851|private|22|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Ripley Free School Estate Act 1851|private|23|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Edmund Heathcote's Divorce Act 1851|note1=|private|24|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Henry Webster's Divorce Act 1851|note1=|private|25|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|William Tayleur's Divorce Act 1851|note1=|private|26|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
}} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1851. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as \"39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67\", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus \"41 Geo. 3\" rather than \"41 Geo. III\"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as \"41 Geo. 3\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Passengers by Sea Act 1851|public|1|01-04-1851|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Passengers Act, 1849.|note4=(Repealed by Passengers Act 1852) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1851|note1=|public|2|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1851|public|3|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "| {{|Appointment of Vice-Chancellor Act 1851|public|4|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1851|public|5|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "| {{|Mutiny Act 1851|public|6|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "| {{|Leases for Mills (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|7|11-04-1851|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of Parliament of Ireland of the Twenty-fifth Year of King George the Third, for explaining and amending several Laws for the Encouragement of Agriculture, so far as relates to Leases for the Erection of Mills.|note4=(Repealed by Land and Conveyancing Law Reform Act 2009) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "| {{|Protection of Inventions Act 1851|note1=|public|8|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1851|public|9|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "| {{|Indemnity Act 1851|public|10|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law (Apprentices, &c.) Act 1851|note1=|public|11|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "| {{|Income Tax Act 1851|note1=|public|12|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "| {{|Arsenic Act 1851|note1=or the Sale of Arsenic Regulation Act 1851|public|13|05-06-1851|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to regulate the Sale of Arsenic.|note4=(Repealed by Pharmacy and Poisons Act 1933) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "| {{|Compound Householders Act 1851|note1=|public|14|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "| {{|Chancery (Ireland) Act 1851|public|15|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "| {{|Highways, South Wales Act 1851|public|16|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "| {{|Commons Law Courts (Ireland) Act 1851|public|17|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "| {{|Stamps Act 1851|public|18|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "| {{|Prevention of Offences Act 1851|public|19|03-07-1851|archived=n|An Act for the better Prevention of Offences.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "| {{|Fee-Farm Rents (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|20|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "| {{|Bridges (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|21|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "| {{|Survey, Great Britain Act 1851|public|22|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "| {{|Public Works Loans Act 1851|public|23|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "| {{|School Sites Act 1851|note1=|public|24|24-07-1851|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts for the granting of Sites for Schools.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "| {{|Landlord and Tenant Act 1851|public|25|24-07-1851|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to improve the Law of Landlord and Tenant in relation to Emblements, to growing Crops seized in Execution, and to Agricultural Tenants Fixtures.|note4=(Repealed by Tribunals, Courts and Enforcement Act 2007) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "| {{|Herring Fishery Act 1851|note1=|public|26|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "| {{|Prisons (Scotland) Act 1851|public|27|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "| {{|Common Lodging Houses Act 1851|note1=or the Shaftesbury Act|public|28|24-07-1851|archived=n|An Act for the well-ordering of Common Lodging Houses.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1851|public|29|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "| {{|Highway Rates Act 1851|public|30|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "| {{|Loan Societies Act 1851|public|31|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1851|public|32|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "| {{|Assessed Taxes Act 1851|public|33|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "| {{|Labouring Classes Lodging Houses Act 1851|note1=or the Shaftesbury Act|public|34|24-07-1851|archived=n|An Act to encourage the Establishment of Lodging Houses for the Labouring Classes.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "| {{|Naval Apprentices (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|35|24-07-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "| {{|House Tax Act 1851|note1=|public|36|24-07-1851|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Finance Act 1924) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1851|note1=|public|37|24-07-1851|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Turnpike Acts in Great Britain.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "| {{|Turnpike Trusts: Making of Provisional Orders Act 1851|public|38|24-07-1851|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Turnpike Acts in Great Britain.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "| {{|Rating of Small Tenements Act 1851|public|39|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "| {{|Marriages, India Act 1851|public|40|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "| {{|Chief Justice's Salary Act 1851|note1=|public|41|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "| {{|Crown Lands Act 1851|public|42|01-08-1851|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make better Provision for the Management of the Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues of the Crown, and for the Direction of Public Works and Buildings.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "| {{|Hainault Forest Act 1851|public|43|01-08-1851|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for disafforesting the forest of Hainault in the county of Essex.|note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "| {{|Turnpike Acts Continuance (Ireland) Act 1851|public|44|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "| {{|Lunatic Asylums (Ireland) Act 1851|public|45|01-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the Fifth and Sixth Years of Her present Majesty for amending the Law relative to Private Lunatic Asylums in Ireland.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "| {{|Crown Lands (Copyholds) Act 1851|note1=|public|46|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "| {{|Poor Rates Act 1851|public|47|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "| {{|Unlawful Oaths (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=or the Unlawful Oaths Continuance Act 1851or the Unlawful Oaths Act 1851|public|48|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "| {{|Preliminary Inquiries Act 1851|note1=|public|49|01-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to repeal an Act of the Eleventh and Twelfth Years of Her present Majesty, for making preliminary Inquiries in certain Cases of Applications for Local Acts, and to make other Provisions in lieu thereof.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "| {{|Tithe Rating Act 1851|note1=or the Tithes Rating Act 1851|public|50|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "| {{|Loans for Public Works (Ireland) Act 1851|public|51|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "| {{|Absconding Debtors Arrest Act 1851|note1=|public|52|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "| {{|Inclosure Commissioners Act 1851|note1=|public|53|01-08-1851|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and continue the Copyhold and Inclosure Commissions, and to provide for the Completion of Proceedings under the Tithe Commutation Acts.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1998) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1851|note1=|public|54|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"text": "| {{|Criminal Justice Administration Act 1851|public|55|01-08-1851|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Expences of Prosecutions, and to make further Provision for the Apprehension and Trial of Offenders, in certain Cases.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"text": "| {{|Charities (Service of Notice) Act 1851|note1=|public|56|01-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"text": "| {{|Civil Bill Courts (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|57|01-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws relating to Civil Bills and the Courts of Quarter Sessions in Ireland.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"text": "| {{|Militia Pay Act 1851|public|58|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"text": "| {{|Soap Duties Allowances Act 1851|public|59|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1851|public|60|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Ecclesiastical Titles Act 1871) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"text": "| {{|Metropolitan Market Act 1851|note1=|public|61|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"text": "| {{|Customs Act 1851|public|62|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"text": "| {{|New Brunswick Boundary Act 1851|note1=|public|63|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"text": "| {{|Railway Regulation Act 1851|note1=|public|64|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to repeal the Act for constituting Commissioners of Railways.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"text": "| {{|Grand Jury Cess (Dublin) Act 1851|note1=|public|65|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"text": "| {{|Highland Roads and Bridges Act 1851|public|66|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"text": "| {{|Gunpowder in Mersey Act 1851|public|67|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"text": "| {{|Poor Relief (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=or the Medical Charities Act 1851|public|68|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"text": "| {{|Sheep, etc., Diseases Act 1851|public|69|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"text": "| {{|Railways Act (Ireland) 1851|note1=or the Railways (Ireland) Act 1851|public|70|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to alter and amend certain provisions of the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, so far as relates to Ireland.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"text": "| {{|Church of Ireland Acts Repeal Act 1851|public|71|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"text": "| {{|Church of Ireland Act 1851|public|72|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws relating to the Erection and Endowment of Churches and Chapels and Perpetual Curacies in Ireland.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"text": "| {{|Glebe (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=or the Glebe Act 1851|public|73|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws relating to Ecclesiastical Residences in Ireland.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Property Valuation (Ireland) Act 1851|public|74|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"text": "| {{|Metropolitan Sewers Act 1851|public|75|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to amend and continue the Metropolitan Sewer Act.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"text": "| {{|New Forest Act 1851|note1=|public|76|07-08-1851|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"text": "| {{|Battersea Park Act 1851|public|77|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"text": "| {{|Coalwhippers (Port of London) Act 1851|note1=or the Coalwhippers London Act 1851|public|78|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"text": "| {{|Steam Navigation Act 1851|note1=|public|79|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act for Great Yarmouth 1851|note1=|public|80|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"text": "| {{|Lunatics Removal (India) Act 1851|note1=|public|81|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"text": "| {{|Great Seal Act 1851|public|82|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"text": "| {{|Court of Chancery Act 1851|note1=|public|83|07-08-1851|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to improve the Administration of Justice in the Court of Chancery and in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2004) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"text": "| {{|Canterbury Association (New Zealand) Act 1851|public|84|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"text": "| {{|Constabulary (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|85|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"text": "| {{|New Zealand Settlements Act 1851|public|86|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"text": "| {{|Representative Peers (Scotland) Act 1851|note1=|public|87|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"text": "| {{|Solicitors Act 1851|note1=|public|88|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"text": "| {{|Metropolitan Interment Act 1851|public|89|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"text": "| {{|Fines Act (Ireland) 1851|note1=or the Fines (Ireland) Act 1851|public|90|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act for the better Collection of Fines, Penalties, Issues, Amerciaments, and forfeited Recognizances in Ireland.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"text": "| {{|Emigration from Scotland Act 1851|public|91|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"text": "| {{|Summary Jurisdiction (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|92|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Acts relating to certain Offences and other Matters as to which Justices of the Peace exercise Summary Jurisdiction in Ireland.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"text": "| {{|Petty Sessions (Ireland) Act 1851|note1=|public|93|07-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Acts regulating the Proceedings at Petty Sessions, and the Duties of Justices of the Peace out of Quarter Sessions, in Ireland.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"text": "| {{|High Peak Mining Customs and Mineral Courts Act 1851|note1=|public|94|07-08-1851|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to define and amend the Mineral Customs of certain Parts of the Hundred of High Peak in the County of Derby, Part of the Possessions of Her Majesty’s Duchy of Lancaster; to make Provision for the better Administration of Justice in the Barmote Courts therein; and to improve the Practice and Proceedings of the said Courts.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"text": "| {{|Crown Estate Paving Act 1851|note1=or the Crown Paving Act 1851|public|95|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"text": "| {{|Mercantile Marine Act Amendment Act 1851|note1=|public|96|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"text": "| {{|Church Building Act 1851|note1=|public|97|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act, 1851, No. 2|note1=or the Public Health Supplemental No. 2 Act 1851|public|98|07-08-1851|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"text": "| {{|Evidence Act 1851|note1=|public|99|07-08-1851|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law of Evidence.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"text": "| {{|Criminal Procedure Act 1851|public|100|07-08-1851|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for further improving the Administration of Criminal Justice.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1986) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"text": "| {{|Appropriation Act 1851|public|101|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"text": "| {{|Seamen's Fund Winding-up Act 1851|public|102|08-08-1851|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts relating to the Merchant Seamen’s Fund, and to provide for winding up the said Fund, and for the better Management thereof in the meantime.}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1851 (No. 3)|note1=|public|103|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"text": "| {{|Episcopal and Capitular Estates Act 1851|note1=|public|104|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law Amendment Act 1851|note1=|public|105|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"text": "| {{|St. Alban's Bribery Commission Act 1851|public|106|04-02-1851|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"text": "}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Pyecombe and Hickstead Turnpike Roads Act 1851|local|1|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"text": "| {{|Royal Naval School Amendment Act 1851|note1=|local|29|05-06-1851|note2=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for extending the Benefit of the Royal Naval School to Children at present ineligible to be admitted therein, and for authorizing the Establishment of a Chapel in connexion with the said School, and for amending the Acts relating thereto.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2008) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"text": "| {{|Coal Duties (London and Westminster and Adjacent Counties) Act 1851|local|166|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2008) }}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"text": "}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Samuel Athawes' Estate Act 1851|private|1|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"text": "| {{|Christ's Hospital Estate Act 1851|private|2|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"text": "| {{|St. Bartholomew's Hospital Estate Act 1851|private|3|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"text": "| {{|Thomas Cubitt's Estate Act 1851|private|4|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"text": "| {{|Sir Thomas Lethbridge's Estate Act 1851|private|5|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"text": "| {{|Thomas Jackson's Estate Act 1851|private|6|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"text": "| {{|Upton's Estate Act 1851|private|7|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"text": "| {{|Glasgow Provident Bank (Winding-Up) Act 1851|private|8|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"text": "| {{|Musselburgh Estate Act 1851|private|9|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"text": "| {{|William Moore's Estate Act 1851|private|10|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"text": "| {{|Sir Thomas Shelley's Estate Act 1851|private|11|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"text": "| {{|Duke of Bridgewater's Estate Act 1851|private|12|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"text": "| {{|Barton's Estate Act 1851|private|13|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"text": "| {{|Westminster Abbey Estate Act 1851|private|14|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"text": "| {{|Duke of Bedford's Estate Act 1851|private|15|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"text": "| {{|Brown's Estate Act 1851|private|16|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"text": "| {{|Dorward's House of Refuge for the Destitute Act 1851|private|17|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"text": "| {{|Christ Church (Oxford) Estate Act 1851|private|18|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"text": "| {{|Stapylton Stapylton's Estate Act 1851|private|19|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"text": "| {{|Felstead's Charities Act 1851|private|20|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"text": "| {{|Lord Bateman's Kelmarsh Estate Act 1851|private|21|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"text": "| {{|Brentwood School and Charity Act 1851|private|22|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"text": "| {{|Ripley Free School Estate Act 1851|private|23|04-02-1851|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"text": "| {{|Edmund Heathcote's Divorce Act 1851|note1=|private|24|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"text": "| {{|Henry Webster's Divorce Act 1851|note1=|private|25|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"text": "| {{|William Tayleur's Divorce Act 1851|note1=|private|26|04-02-1851|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"text": "}}",
"title": "14 & 15 Vict."
}
] | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1851. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland. For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations. Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896. | 2023-12-08T00:02:49Z | 2023-12-11T09:39:10Z | [
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"Template:Small",
"Template:Incomplete list",
"Template:Refend",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1851 |
75,511,316 | Sharon Fontaine-Ishpatao | Sharon Fontaine-Ishpatao is an Innu actress from Canada. She is most noted for her role in the film Kuessipan, for which she received a Prix Iris nomination for Revelation of the Year at the 22nd Quebec Cinema Awards in 2020.
She has also appeared in the television series Toute la vie and Les Perles, and on stage in Philippe Ducros's La cartomancie du territoire. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Sharon Fontaine-Ishpatao is an Innu actress from Canada. She is most noted for her role in the film Kuessipan, for which she received a Prix Iris nomination for Revelation of the Year at the 22nd Quebec Cinema Awards in 2020.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "She has also appeared in the television series Toute la vie and Les Perles, and on stage in Philippe Ducros's La cartomancie du territoire.",
"title": ""
}
] | Sharon Fontaine-Ishpatao is an Innu actress from Canada. She is most noted for her role in the film Kuessipan, for which she received a Prix Iris nomination for Revelation of the Year at the 22nd Quebec Cinema Awards in 2020. She has also appeared in the television series Toute la vie and Les Perles, and on stage in Philippe Ducros's La cartomancie du territoire. | 2023-12-08T00:02:53Z | 2023-12-08T00:02:53Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Imdb name",
"Template:Canada-actor-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharon_Fontaine-Ishpatao |
75,511,317 | List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1852 | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1852. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.
For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.
The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3".
Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Supply Act 1852|public|1|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1852|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1852|public|2|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Estates of Intestates, etc. Act 1852|public|3|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by 39 & 40 Vict. c. 18) }}
| {{|Indemnity Act 1852|public|4|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Promissory Oaths Act 1871) }}
| {{|Municipal Corporations Act 1852|note1=|public|5|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Protection of Inventions Act 1852|public|6|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Mutiny Act 1852|public|7|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1852|public|8|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Disfranchisement of St. Alban's Act 1852|public|9|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1852|public|10|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Sheep, etc., Disorders Prevention Act 1852|public|11|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|International Copyright Act 1852|note1=|public|12|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Linen, etc., Manufacturers (Ireland) Act 1852|public|13|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Poor Law Union Charges Act 1852|public|14|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Loan Societies Act 1852|public|15|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Repayment of Advances (Ireland) Act 1852|public|16|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1852|public|17|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Poor Rates Act 1852|public|18|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Highway Rates Act 1852|public|19|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Income Tax Act 1852|public|20|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stamps Act 1852|public|21|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Turnpike Acts (Ireland) Act 1852|public|22|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Meeting of Parliament Act 1852|note1=|public|23|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Wills Act Amendment Act 1852|note1=|public|24|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|General Register Office Act 1852|note1=|public|25|17-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act for Registering Births, Deaths, and Marriages in England.}}
| {{|Foreign Deserters Act 1852|note1=|public|26|17-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Evidence (Scotland) Act 1852|note1=|public|27|17-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law of Evidence in Scotland.}}
| {{|Commissioners of Works Act 1852|note1=|public|28|17-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Crown Lands Act 1851, and to vest the Building appropriated for the Accommodation of the Supreme Courts of Justice in Edinburgh in the Commissioners of Works.}}
| {{|Kennington Common Act 1852|public|29|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Belfast Custom House Act 1852|note1=|public|30|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1852|note1=or the Industrial and Provident Societies Partnership Act 1852or Slaney's Act|public|31|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Burghs (Scotland) Act 1852|note1=|public|32|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Turnpike Debts Act 1852|public|33|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Landed Property Improvement (Ireland) Act 1852|note1=|public|34|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Representative Peers (Scotland) Act 1852|public|35|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Protestant Dissenters Act 1852|public|36|30-06-1852|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to the certifying and registering Places of Religious Worship of Protestant Dissenters.}}
| {{|Poor Law Commission (Ireland) Act 1852|public|37|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Justices Jurisdiction Act 1852|note1=|public|38|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Crown Revenues (Colonies) Act 1852|note1=|public|39|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Inland Revenue Office Act 1852|public|40|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Huddersfield Burial Ground Act 1852|note1=|public|41|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|First Public Health Supplemental Act 1852|note1=|public|42|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Parliamentary Oaths Act 1852|public|43|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Passengers Act 1852|note1=|public|44|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Turnpike Roads in Yorkshire Act 1852|note1=or the Sunk Islands Roads Act 1852|public|45|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Navy Pay Act 1852|public|46|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Differential Duties on Foreign Ships Act 1852|public|47|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Property of Lunatics Act 1852|public|48|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|School Sites Act 1852|note1=|public|49|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Provisions of the several Acts passed for the Conveyance of Sites for Schools.}}
| {{|Militia Act 1852|note1=|public|50|30-06-1852|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921) }}
| {{|Copyhold Act 1852|note1=|public|51|30-06-1852|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Copyhold Act 1894) }}
| {{|Colonial Bishops Act 1852|note1=|public|52|30-06-1852|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the exercise of certain powers vested in the Bishop of Quebec in respect of districts severed from his diocese.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1973) }}
| {{|Bishop of Quebec Act 1852|public|53|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|County Courts Act 1852|note1=|public|54|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Trustee Act 1852|note1=|public|55|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the provisions of "The Trustee Act, 1850."}}
| {{|Pharmacy Act 1852|public|56|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Election Commissioners Act 1852|note1=|public|57|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1852|note1=or the Turnpike Acts, Great Britain Act 1852|public|58|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Poor Law Boards (England) Act 1852|public|59|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Savings Banks Act 1852|public|60|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Penalties, etc., under Excise Acts 1852|public|61|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Crown Lands Act 1852|note1=|public|62|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to alter and amend certain Acts relating to the Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues of the Crown.}}
| {{|Valuation (Ireland) Act 1852|note1=|public|63|30-06-1852|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Valuation of rateable Property in Ireland.}}
| {{|Metropolitan Sewers Act 1852|public|64|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Friendly Societies Act 1852|note1=|public|65|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Crime and Outrage (Ireland) Act 1852|public|66|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Incumbered Estates (Ireland) Act 1852|public|67|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Distressed Unions (Ireland) Act 1852|public|68|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1852 (No. 2)|note1=or the Public Health Supplemental (No. 2) Act 1852|public|69|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Holloway Prison Act 1852|public|70|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Thames Embankment Act 1852|public|71|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the Ninth and Tenth Years of Her present Majesty for the Embankment of a Portion of the River Thames.}}
| {{|New Zealand Constitution Act 1852|public|72|30-06-1852|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to grant a Representative Constitution to the Colony of New Zealand.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1989) }}
| {{|Common Law Courts Act 1852|note1=|public|73|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Pay Act 1852|public|74|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1852|public|75|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Common Law Procedure Act 1852|note1=|public|76|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Process, Practice, and Mode of Pleading in the Superior Courts of Common Law at Westminster, and in the Superior Courts of the Counties Palatine of Lancaster and Durham.}}
| {{|Bankruptcy Act 1852|public|77|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}
| {{|Pimlico Improvements Act 1852|public|78|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works and Public Buildings to complete Improvements in Pimlico and in the Neighbourhood of Buckingham Palace.}}
| {{|Inclosure Act 1852|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1852|public|79|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and further extend the Acts for the Inclosure, Exchange, and Improvement of Land.}}
| {{|Master in Chancery Abolition Act 1852|note1=or the Court of Chancery Act 1852|public|80|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|County Rates Act 1852|note1=|public|81|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Appropriation Act 1852|public|82|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Patent Law Amendment Act 1852|note1=|public|83|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Metropolis Water Act 1852|public|84|01-07-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make better Provision respecting the Supply of Water to the Metropolis.}}
| {{|Burial Act 1852|note1=or the Burials Act 1851|public|85|01-07-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws concerning the Burial of the Dead in the Metropolis.}}
| {{|Court of Chancery Procedure Act 1852|public|86|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Court of Chancery Act 1852|note1=|public|87|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bishopric of Christ Church, New Zealand Act 1852|public|88|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Mansfield Gas Act 1852|local|1|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Great Western Railway (Traffic Arrangements) Act 1852|local|168|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Bradford Piece Halls Act 1852|private|1|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Anna Maria, Lady Wenlock's Estate Act 1852|private|2|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Uniting the Manchester House of Recovery with the Manchester Royal Infirmary, Dispensary and Lunatic Hospital.|private|3|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Harman's Bowden Park Estate Act 1852|private|4|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|John Clarkson's Estate Act 1852|private|5|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Balmoral Estate Act 1852|private|6|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Watson's Hospital (Edinburgh) Estate Act 1852|private|7|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Edinburgh Merchant Company Endowments Order Confirmation Act 1909 (9 Edw. 7. c. cxi)) }}
| {{|Adams' Estate Act 1852|private|8|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Gedling's Estate Act 1852|private|9|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Magdalen College, Oxford Estate Act 1852|private|10|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Aberdeen Hammermen Incorporation Act 1852|private|11|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Leith Exchange Buildings Act 1852|private|12|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|John Spalding's Estate Act 1852|private|13|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Thomas Howell's Charity Act 1852|private|14|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Cary Elwes' Settlement Act 1852|private|15|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Earl of Portarlington's Estate Act 1852|private|16|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Jarvis's Charity Act 1852|private|17|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Barker Mill's Estate Act 1852|private|18|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Fleming's Estate Act 1852|private|19|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Thornhill's Estate Act 1852|private|20|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Aberdeen Girls and Boys Hospitals Act 1852|private|21|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Septimus Hawkins's Divorce Act 1852|note1=|private|22|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
}}
The first session of the 16th Parliament of the United Kingdom.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Bills and Notes, Metropolis Act 1852|public|1|17-11-1852|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to make Provision concerning Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes payable in the Metropolis on the Day appointed for the Funeral of Arthur late Duke of Wellington.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Bank Notes Act 1852|note1=|public|2|16-12-1852|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the First Year of King George the Fourth, for the further Prevention of forging and counterfeiting Bank Notes.}}
| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1852|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1852|public|3|16-12-1852|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Inclosure of certain Lands in pursuance of a Special Report of the Inclosure Commissioners for England and Wales.}}
| {{|South American Loans Guarantee Act 1852|public|4|16-12-1852|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act for guaranteeing the Interest on such Loans, not exceeding Five hundred thousand Pounds, as may be raised by the British Colonies on the Continent of South America, in the West Indies, and the Mauritius, for certain Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
}} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1852. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as \"39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67\", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus \"41 Geo. 3\" rather than \"41 Geo. III\"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as \"41 Geo. 3\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Supply Act 1852|public|1|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1852|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1852|public|2|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "| {{|Estates of Intestates, etc. Act 1852|public|3|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by 39 & 40 Vict. c. 18) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "| {{|Indemnity Act 1852|public|4|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Promissory Oaths Act 1871) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "| {{|Municipal Corporations Act 1852|note1=|public|5|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "| {{|Protection of Inventions Act 1852|public|6|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "| {{|Mutiny Act 1852|public|7|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1852|public|8|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "| {{|Disfranchisement of St. Alban's Act 1852|public|9|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1852|public|10|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "| {{|Sheep, etc., Disorders Prevention Act 1852|public|11|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "| {{|International Copyright Act 1852|note1=|public|12|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "| {{|Linen, etc., Manufacturers (Ireland) Act 1852|public|13|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law Union Charges Act 1852|public|14|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "| {{|Loan Societies Act 1852|public|15|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "| {{|Repayment of Advances (Ireland) Act 1852|public|16|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1852|public|17|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "| {{|Poor Rates Act 1852|public|18|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "| {{|Highway Rates Act 1852|public|19|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "| {{|Income Tax Act 1852|public|20|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "| {{|Stamps Act 1852|public|21|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "| {{|Turnpike Acts (Ireland) Act 1852|public|22|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "| {{|Meeting of Parliament Act 1852|note1=|public|23|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "| {{|Wills Act Amendment Act 1852|note1=|public|24|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "| {{|General Register Office Act 1852|note1=|public|25|17-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act for Registering Births, Deaths, and Marriages in England.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "| {{|Foreign Deserters Act 1852|note1=|public|26|17-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "| {{|Evidence (Scotland) Act 1852|note1=|public|27|17-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law of Evidence in Scotland.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "| {{|Commissioners of Works Act 1852|note1=|public|28|17-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Crown Lands Act 1851, and to vest the Building appropriated for the Accommodation of the Supreme Courts of Justice in Edinburgh in the Commissioners of Works.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "| {{|Kennington Common Act 1852|public|29|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "| {{|Belfast Custom House Act 1852|note1=|public|30|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "| {{|Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1852|note1=or the Industrial and Provident Societies Partnership Act 1852or Slaney's Act|public|31|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "| {{|Burghs (Scotland) Act 1852|note1=|public|32|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "| {{|Turnpike Debts Act 1852|public|33|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "| {{|Landed Property Improvement (Ireland) Act 1852|note1=|public|34|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "| {{|Representative Peers (Scotland) Act 1852|public|35|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "| {{|Protestant Dissenters Act 1852|public|36|30-06-1852|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to the certifying and registering Places of Religious Worship of Protestant Dissenters.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law Commission (Ireland) Act 1852|public|37|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "| {{|Justices Jurisdiction Act 1852|note1=|public|38|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "| {{|Crown Revenues (Colonies) Act 1852|note1=|public|39|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "| {{|Inland Revenue Office Act 1852|public|40|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "| {{|Huddersfield Burial Ground Act 1852|note1=|public|41|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "| {{|First Public Health Supplemental Act 1852|note1=|public|42|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "| {{|Parliamentary Oaths Act 1852|public|43|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "| {{|Passengers Act 1852|note1=|public|44|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "| {{|Turnpike Roads in Yorkshire Act 1852|note1=or the Sunk Islands Roads Act 1852|public|45|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "| {{|Navy Pay Act 1852|public|46|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "| {{|Differential Duties on Foreign Ships Act 1852|public|47|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "| {{|Property of Lunatics Act 1852|public|48|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "| {{|School Sites Act 1852|note1=|public|49|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Provisions of the several Acts passed for the Conveyance of Sites for Schools.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "| {{|Militia Act 1852|note1=|public|50|30-06-1852|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "| {{|Copyhold Act 1852|note1=|public|51|30-06-1852|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Copyhold Act 1894) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "| {{|Colonial Bishops Act 1852|note1=|public|52|30-06-1852|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the exercise of certain powers vested in the Bishop of Quebec in respect of districts severed from his diocese.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1973) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "| {{|Bishop of Quebec Act 1852|public|53|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "| {{|County Courts Act 1852|note1=|public|54|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"text": "| {{|Trustee Act 1852|note1=|public|55|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the provisions of \"The Trustee Act, 1850.\"}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"text": "| {{|Pharmacy Act 1852|public|56|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"text": "| {{|Election Commissioners Act 1852|note1=|public|57|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"text": "| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1852|note1=or the Turnpike Acts, Great Britain Act 1852|public|58|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law Boards (England) Act 1852|public|59|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"text": "| {{|Savings Banks Act 1852|public|60|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"text": "| {{|Penalties, etc., under Excise Acts 1852|public|61|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"text": "| {{|Crown Lands Act 1852|note1=|public|62|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to alter and amend certain Acts relating to the Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues of the Crown.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"text": "| {{|Valuation (Ireland) Act 1852|note1=|public|63|30-06-1852|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Valuation of rateable Property in Ireland.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"text": "| {{|Metropolitan Sewers Act 1852|public|64|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"text": "| {{|Friendly Societies Act 1852|note1=|public|65|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"text": "| {{|Crime and Outrage (Ireland) Act 1852|public|66|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"text": "| {{|Incumbered Estates (Ireland) Act 1852|public|67|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"text": "| {{|Distressed Unions (Ireland) Act 1852|public|68|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1852 (No. 2)|note1=or the Public Health Supplemental (No. 2) Act 1852|public|69|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"text": "| {{|Holloway Prison Act 1852|public|70|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"text": "| {{|Thames Embankment Act 1852|public|71|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the Ninth and Tenth Years of Her present Majesty for the Embankment of a Portion of the River Thames.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"text": "| {{|New Zealand Constitution Act 1852|public|72|30-06-1852|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to grant a Representative Constitution to the Colony of New Zealand.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1989) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"text": "| {{|Common Law Courts Act 1852|note1=|public|73|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"text": "| {{|Militia Pay Act 1852|public|74|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"text": "| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1852|public|75|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"text": "| {{|Common Law Procedure Act 1852|note1=|public|76|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Process, Practice, and Mode of Pleading in the Superior Courts of Common Law at Westminster, and in the Superior Courts of the Counties Palatine of Lancaster and Durham.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"text": "| {{|Bankruptcy Act 1852|public|77|30-06-1852|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"text": "| {{|Pimlico Improvements Act 1852|public|78|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works and Public Buildings to complete Improvements in Pimlico and in the Neighbourhood of Buckingham Palace.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"text": "| {{|Inclosure Act 1852|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1852|public|79|30-06-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and further extend the Acts for the Inclosure, Exchange, and Improvement of Land.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"text": "| {{|Master in Chancery Abolition Act 1852|note1=or the Court of Chancery Act 1852|public|80|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"text": "| {{|County Rates Act 1852|note1=|public|81|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"text": "| {{|Appropriation Act 1852|public|82|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"text": "| {{|Patent Law Amendment Act 1852|note1=|public|83|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"text": "| {{|Metropolis Water Act 1852|public|84|01-07-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make better Provision respecting the Supply of Water to the Metropolis.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"text": "| {{|Burial Act 1852|note1=or the Burials Act 1851|public|85|01-07-1852|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws concerning the Burial of the Dead in the Metropolis.}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"text": "| {{|Court of Chancery Procedure Act 1852|public|86|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"text": "| {{|Court of Chancery Act 1852|note1=|public|87|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"text": "| {{|Bishopric of Christ Church, New Zealand Act 1852|public|88|03-02-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"text": "}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Mansfield Gas Act 1852|local|1|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"text": "| {{|Great Western Railway (Traffic Arrangements) Act 1852|local|168|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"text": "}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Bradford Piece Halls Act 1852|private|1|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"text": "| {{|Anna Maria, Lady Wenlock's Estate Act 1852|private|2|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"text": "| {{|Uniting the Manchester House of Recovery with the Manchester Royal Infirmary, Dispensary and Lunatic Hospital.|private|3|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"text": "| {{|Harman's Bowden Park Estate Act 1852|private|4|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"text": "| {{|John Clarkson's Estate Act 1852|private|5|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"text": "| {{|Balmoral Estate Act 1852|private|6|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"text": "| {{|Watson's Hospital (Edinburgh) Estate Act 1852|private|7|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Edinburgh Merchant Company Endowments Order Confirmation Act 1909 (9 Edw. 7. c. cxi)) }}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"text": "| {{|Adams' Estate Act 1852|private|8|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"text": "| {{|Gedling's Estate Act 1852|private|9|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"text": "| {{|Magdalen College, Oxford Estate Act 1852|private|10|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"text": "| {{|Aberdeen Hammermen Incorporation Act 1852|private|11|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"text": "| {{|Leith Exchange Buildings Act 1852|private|12|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"text": "| {{|John Spalding's Estate Act 1852|private|13|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"text": "| {{|Thomas Howell's Charity Act 1852|private|14|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"text": "| {{|Cary Elwes' Settlement Act 1852|private|15|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"text": "| {{|Earl of Portarlington's Estate Act 1852|private|16|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"text": "| {{|Jarvis's Charity Act 1852|private|17|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"text": "| {{|Barker Mill's Estate Act 1852|private|18|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"text": "| {{|Fleming's Estate Act 1852|private|19|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"text": "| {{|Thornhill's Estate Act 1852|private|20|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"text": "| {{|Aberdeen Girls and Boys Hospitals Act 1852|private|21|03-02-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"text": "| {{|Septimus Hawkins's Divorce Act 1852|note1=|private|22|03-02-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"text": "}}",
"title": "15 & 16 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"text": "The first session of the 16th Parliament of the United Kingdom.",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Bills and Notes, Metropolis Act 1852|public|1|17-11-1852|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to make Provision concerning Bills of Exchange and Promissory Notes payable in the Metropolis on the Day appointed for the Funeral of Arthur late Duke of Wellington.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"text": "| {{|Bank Notes Act 1852|note1=|public|2|16-12-1852|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the First Year of King George the Fourth, for the further Prevention of forging and counterfeiting Bank Notes.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"text": "| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1852|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1852|public|3|16-12-1852|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Inclosure of certain Lands in pursuance of a Special Report of the Inclosure Commissioners for England and Wales.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"text": "| {{|South American Loans Guarantee Act 1852|public|4|16-12-1852|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act for guaranteeing the Interest on such Loans, not exceeding Five hundred thousand Pounds, as may be raised by the British Colonies on the Continent of South America, in the West Indies, and the Mauritius, for certain Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"text": "}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
}
] | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1852. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland. For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations. Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896. | 2023-12-08T00:02:52Z | 2023-12-11T09:40:17Z | [
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"Template:British legislation lists",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1852 |
75,511,318 | List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1853 | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1853. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.
For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.
The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3".
Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Patent Law Act 1853|public|5|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Transfer of Aids Act 1853|public|6|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Valuation (Ireland) Act 1853|public|7|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by 17 & 18 Vict. c. 8) }}
| {{|Somerset House Act 1853|public|8|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mutiny Act 1853|public|9|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1853|public|10|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1853|note1=|public|11|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Supply Act 1853|public|12|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Grand Jury Cess (Ireland) Act 1853|public|13|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Indemnity Act 1853|public|14|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by 34 & 35 Vict. c. 48) }}
| {{|Parliamentary Elections (Polling) Act 1853|note1=|public|15|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Slave Trade Suppression, Treaties with Sohar and New Granada Act 1853|public|16|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Slave Trade Suppression, Treaties with Sohar and New Granada Act 1853|public|17|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Metropolitan Improvements (Repayment out of Consolidated Fund) Act 1853|note1=or the Metropolitan Improvements Act 1853|public|18|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|New Forest Deer Removed Act 1853|public|19|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Evidence (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|20|09-05-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to alter and amend an Act of the Fifteenth Year of Her present Majesty for amending the Law of Evidence in Scotland.}}
| {{|Clergy Reserves, Canada Act 1853|public|21|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Court of Chancery Examiners Act 1853|public|22|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|National Debt Act 1853|public|23|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1853 (No. 1)|note1=or the Public Health Supplemental (No. 1) Act 1853|public|24|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1853|public|25|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Burgh Council Elections (Scotland) Act 1853|public|26|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Berwickshire Courts Act 1853|note1=|public|27|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|County Elections (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|28|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Weights in Sales of Bullion Act 1853|public|29|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Criminal Procedure Act 1853|public|30|14-06-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the better Prevention and Punishment of aggravated Assaults upon Women and Children, and for preventing Delay and Expense in the Administration of certain Parts of the Criminal Law.}}
| {{|Supply Act 1853|public|31|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bail in Error Act 1853|public|32|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|London Hackney Carriage Act 1853|note1=|public|33|28-06-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the better Regulation of Metropolitan Stage and Hackney Carriages, and for prohibiting the Use of advertising Vehicles.}}
| {{|Income Tax Act 1853|note1=|public|34|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Cathedral Churches, etc. Act 1853|public|35|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Whichwood Disafforesting Act 1853|note1=or the Whichwood Forest Act 1853|public|36|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}
| {{|Duties on Spirits, etc. Act 1853|public|37|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Malicious Injuries (Ireland) Act 1853|note1=or the Malicious Injuries (Northern Ireland) Act 1853|public|38|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Soap Duties Repeal Act 1853|public|39|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Works Loan Act 1853|note1=or the Public Works Loans Act 1853|public|40|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Common Lodging Houses Act 1853|note1=or the Common Lodging House Act 1853|public|41|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Whittlewood Disafforesting Act 1853|note1=|public|42|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}
| {{|Convicted Prisoners Removal, etc. Act 1853|public|43|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Pimlico Improvement Act 1853|note1=|public|44|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Government Annuities Act 1853|note1=|public|45|04-08-1853|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws and to grant additional Facilities in relation to the Purchase of Government Annuities through the Medium of Saving Banks, and to make other Provisions in respect thereof.}}
| {{|Westminster Bridge Act 1853|note1=|public|46|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Battersea Park Act 1853|note1=|public|47|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Coinage (Colonial Offences) Act 1853|note1=|public|48|04-08-1853|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Punishment of Offences in the Colonies in relation to the Coin.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1976) }}
| {{|Colonial Bishops Act 1853|note1=|public|49|04-08-1853|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Provisions of an Act of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Years of Her present Majesty, intituled An Act to enable Colonial and other Bishops to perform certain Episcopal Functions, wider Commission from Bishops of England and Ireland.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Measure 2018) }}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Commissioners (Exchange of Patronage) Act 1853|note1=|public|50|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Succession Duty Act 1853|note1=|public|51|04-08-1853|archived=n|An Act for granting to Her Majesty Duties on Succession to Property, and for altering certain Provisions of the Acts charging Duties on Legacies and Shares of Personal Estates.}}
| {{|Spitalfields and Shoreditch New Street Act 1853|note1=|public|52|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1853|public|53|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Customs Act 1853|public|54|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Taxing Officer (Ireland) Act 1853|public|55|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Crown Lands Act 1853|note1=|public|56|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Copyholds Act 1853|public|57|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Dublin Parliamentary Revising Act (1853)|note1=|public|58|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stamp Act 1853|note1=|public|59|04-08-1853|archived=n|An Act to repeal certain Stamp Duties, and to grant others in lieu thereof, to amend the Laws relating to Stamp Duties, and to make perpetual certain Stamp Duties in Ireland.}}
| {{|Resident Magistrates (Ireland) Act 1853|public|60|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Provisional Order Confirmation (Turnpike Debts) Act 1853|public|61|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act 1853|public|62|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bankers' Composition (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|63|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Incumbered Estates (Ireland) Act 1853|public|64|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Vestries Act 1853|note1=|public|65|15-08-1853|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts for the Regulation of Parish Vestries.|note4=(Repealed by Church of England (Miscellaneous Provisions) Measure 1992) }}
| {{|Highway Rates Act 1853|public|66|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Licensing (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|67|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Parliamentary Elections Act 1853|note1=|public|68|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Naval Enlistment Act 1853|note1=|public|69|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lunacy Regulation Act 1853|note1=|public|70|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Newspapers Act 1853|public|71|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Crime and Outrage (Ireland) Act 1853|public|72|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Naval Volunteers Act 1853|note1=|public|73|04-11-1852|note3=|repealead=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Reserve Forces Act 1980) }}
| {{|Land Tax Redemption Act 1853|note1=|public|74|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Consolidated Annuities (Ireland) Act 1853|public|75|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Turnpike Acts (Ireland) Act 1853|public|76|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Poor Law Union Charges Act 1853|public|77|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Commissioners for Oaths Act 1853|public|78|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Municipal Corporation Act 1853|note1=or the Municipal Corporations Act 1853|public|79|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Sheriff Courts (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|80|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bankruptcy Court Act 1853|public|81|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Christ College of Brecknock Act 1853|note1=|public|82|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Evidence Amendment Act 1853|note1=|public|83|20-08-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Victoria, Chapter Ninety-nine. }}
| {{|Passengers Act Amendment Act 1853|public|84|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Privy Council Registrar Act 1853|note1=|public|85|20-08-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for removing Doubts as to the Powers of the Registrar of Her Majesty’s Privy Council to administer Oaths, and for providing for the Performance of the Duties of such Registrar in his Absence.}}
| {{|Liberated Africans Act 1853|note1=or the Sierra Leone Act 1853|public|86|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Thames Embankment Act 1853|note1=|public|87|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Duties on Horses Let for Hire Act 1853|public|88|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Universities (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|89|20-08-1853|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Universities (Scotland) Act 1932) }}
| {{|Land Tax Redemption (Investment) Act 1853|note1=|public|90|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Income Tax (Insurance) Act 1853|public|91|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Sheriffs (Scotland) Act 1853|public|92|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Burgh Harbours (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|93|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Entail Amendment Act 1853|note1=|public|94|20-08-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the benefits of the Act of the eleventh and twelfth years of Her present Majesty, for the amendment of the law of entail in Scotland.}}
| {{|Government of India Act 1853|note1=|public|95|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Care and Treatment of Lunatics Act 1853|public|96|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lunatic Asylums Act 1853|note1=or the County Asylums Act 1853|public|97|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Court of Chancery (England) Act 1853|public|98|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Penal Servitude Act 1853|note1=|public|99|20-08-1853|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Criminal Justice Act 1948) }}
| {{|Vaccination Act 1853|public|100|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Libraries Act 1853|public|101|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Defacing the Coin Act 1853|public|102|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Linen, etc., Manufacturers (Ireland) Act 1853|public|103|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Factories Act 1853|public|104|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Poor Rates Act 1853|public|105|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Customs Tariff Act 1853|note1=or the Customs Act 1853|public|106|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Customs Consolidation Act 1853|note1=or the Customs Act 1853|public|107|20-08-1853|archived=n|An Act to amend and consolidate the Laws relating to the Customs of the United Kingdom and of the Isle of Man, and certain Laws relating to Trade and Navigation and the British Possessions.}}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1853|public|108|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Loan Societies Act 1853|public|109|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Appropriation Act 1853|public|110|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Land Tax Commissioners (Appointment) Act 1853|public|111|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Dublin Carriage Act 1853|note1=|public|112|20-08-1853|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws relating to Hackney and Stage Carriages, also Job Carriages and Horses, and Carts let for Hire, within the Police District of Dublin Metropolis.}}
| {{|Common Law Procedure Amendment Act (Ireland) 1853|note1=or the Common Law Procedure Amendment (Ireland) Act 1853|public|113|20-08-1853|archived=n|An Act to amend the Procedure in the Superior Courts of Common Law in Ireland.}}
| {{|Belfast Borough Extension Act 1853|note1=|public|114|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Patent Law Act 1853|public|115|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Pay Act 1853|public|116|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Land Tax Redemption (No. 2) Act 1853|note1=|public|117|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Apprehension of Certain Offenders Act 1853|public|118|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Betting Act 1853|note1=|public|119|20-08-1853|archived=n|An Act for the Suppression of Betting Houses.}}
| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1853|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1853|public|120|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Convict Prisons Act 1853|note1=|public|121|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1853|public|122|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Investments of Friendly Societies Act 1853|public|123|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Copyhold, etc., Commission Act 1853|public|124|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Metropolitan Sewers Act 1853|public|125|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1853 (No. 2)|note1=|public|126|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|London Hackney Carriage (No. 2) Act 1853|note1=|public|127|20-08-1853|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to reduce the Duties payable in respect of Hackney Carriages used in the Metropolis, and to amend the Laws relating to the granting of Licences and Payment of Duties in respect of Metropolitan Stage and Hackney Carriages, and to make Provision as to the Charge for the Hire of Hackney Carriages in certain Cases.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2004) }}
| {{|Smoke Abatement, London Act 1853|public|128|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Pilotage Law Amendment Act 1853|note1=|public|129|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Drainage and Improvement of Lands (Ireland) Act 1853|note1=|public|130|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Merchant Shipping Law Amendment Act 1853|note1=|public|131|20-08-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend various Laws relating to Merchant Shipping.}}
| {{|National Debt Act 1853|public|132|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Act 1853|public|133|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Burial Act 1853|note1=|public|134|20-08-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws concerning the Burial of the Dead in England beyond the Limits of the Metropolis and to amend the Act concerning the Burial of the Dead in the Metropolis.}}
| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1853|note1=or the Turnpike Roads (England) Act 1853|public|135|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}
| {{|Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1853|note1=|public|136|20-08-1853|archived=n|An Act for enabling Grand Juries in Ireland to borrow Money from private Sources on the Security of Presentment, and for transferring to Counties certain Works constructed wholly or in part with Public Money.}}
| {{|Charitable Trusts Act 1853|note1=|public|137|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|London Assurance Consolidation Act 1853|note1=or the London Insurance Consolidation Act 1853|local|1|09-05-1853|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to consolidate the Stock and Powers of the Corporation of "The London Assurance of Houses and Goods from Fire" with the Stock and Powers of the Corporation of "The London Assurance," and to confer on the last-named Corporation the Powers of "The London Assurance Loan Company," and to give additional Powers to "The London Assurance."|note4=(Repealed by London Assurance Act 1891 (c.cxxvi)) }}
| {{|Severn Valley Railway Act 1853|local|227|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Severn Valley Railway Act 1855 (c.clxxxiii)) }}
| {{|Barnsley Waterworks Act 1853|local|107|04-08-1853|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the Maintenance of the existing Works of the Company of Proprietors of the Barnsley Waterworks, and for the Purchase of Lands by them; to repeal their Act, and make other Provisions in lieu thereof.}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Sidney Sussex College Estate Act 1853|private|1|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Andrew Nash's Estate Act 1853|private|2|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Aberdeen Tailors Incorporation Act 1853|private|3|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lord and Lady Charles Pelham Clinton's Marriage Settlement Act 1853|private|4|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Baroness de Villar's Marriage Settlement Act 1853|private|5|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|William Cotham's Estate Act 1853|private|6|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Thomas Brown's Will Act 1853|private|7|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Hall Dare's Estate Act 1853|private|8|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Leigh's Estate Act 1853|note1=|private|9|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|George Earl of Egremont's Estate Act 1853|private|10|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|See of Canterbury's Estate Act 1853|private|11|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Martin's Estate Act 1853|private|12|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bingley School and Charity Estate Act 1853|private|13|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Clitheroe Grammar School Act 1853|private|14|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Duke of Atholl's Estate Act 1853|private|15|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Reverend John Piddocke's Will Act 1853|private|16|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Jesus College, Proby Trust Act 1853|private|17|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by the Charities (The Proby Trust Fund) Order 1996 (S.I. 1996/3220)) }}
| {{|Ward Jackson's Estate Act 1853|private|18|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Pauncefort Duncombe's Estate Act 1853|private|19|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Warden Sergison's Estate Act 1853|private|20|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Sunderland Orphan Asylum Act 1853|private|21|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Marquess of Bute's Estate Act 1853|private|22|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Henry Smith's Charity Estate Act 1853|private|23|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|John Pidgley's Will Act 1853|private|24|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Treffry's Estate Act 1853|private|25|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Baron Vivian's Estate Act 1853|private|26|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Pemberton's Estate Act 1853|private|27|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Chaytor's Estate Act 1853|private|28|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Duke of Cleveland's Harte Estate Act 1853|private|29|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Enabling William Rooker to exercise the office of a priest and hold any benefice or preferment in the Church of England and Ireland.|note1=|private|30|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Restitution in blood of George Drummond and relief of George Drummond, and the heirs male of the first Earl of Perth|note1=, from the effects of the attainders of James Drummond (son of the fourth Earl of Perth) and his second son, John Drummond, and the decree of forfaulture pronounced by the Scottish parliament against John Earl of Melfort.|note1=|private|31|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Alfred Cutbill's Divorce Act 1853|note1=|private|32|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|George Fisher's Divorce Act 1853|note1=|private|33|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Enabling Charles Crowe to exercise the office of a priest and hold any benefice or preferment in the Church of England and Ireland.|note1=|private|34|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Robert Rushbrooke's Divorce Act 1853|note1=|private|35|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
}} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1853. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as \"39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67\", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus \"41 Geo. 3\" rather than \"41 Geo. III\"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as \"41 Geo. 3\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Patent Law Act 1853|public|5|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "| {{|Transfer of Aids Act 1853|public|6|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "| {{|Valuation (Ireland) Act 1853|public|7|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by 17 & 18 Vict. c. 8) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "| {{|Somerset House Act 1853|public|8|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "| {{|Mutiny Act 1853|public|9|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1853|public|10|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1853|note1=|public|11|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1853|public|12|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "| {{|Grand Jury Cess (Ireland) Act 1853|public|13|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "| {{|Indemnity Act 1853|public|14|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by 34 & 35 Vict. c. 48) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "| {{|Parliamentary Elections (Polling) Act 1853|note1=|public|15|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "| {{|Slave Trade Suppression, Treaties with Sohar and New Granada Act 1853|public|16|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "| {{|Slave Trade Suppression, Treaties with Sohar and New Granada Act 1853|public|17|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "| {{|Metropolitan Improvements (Repayment out of Consolidated Fund) Act 1853|note1=or the Metropolitan Improvements Act 1853|public|18|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "| {{|New Forest Deer Removed Act 1853|public|19|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "| {{|Evidence (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|20|09-05-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to alter and amend an Act of the Fifteenth Year of Her present Majesty for amending the Law of Evidence in Scotland.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "| {{|Clergy Reserves, Canada Act 1853|public|21|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "| {{|Court of Chancery Examiners Act 1853|public|22|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "| {{|National Debt Act 1853|public|23|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1853 (No. 1)|note1=or the Public Health Supplemental (No. 1) Act 1853|public|24|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1853|public|25|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "| {{|Burgh Council Elections (Scotland) Act 1853|public|26|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "| {{|Berwickshire Courts Act 1853|note1=|public|27|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "| {{|County Elections (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|28|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "| {{|Weights in Sales of Bullion Act 1853|public|29|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "| {{|Criminal Procedure Act 1853|public|30|14-06-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the better Prevention and Punishment of aggravated Assaults upon Women and Children, and for preventing Delay and Expense in the Administration of certain Parts of the Criminal Law.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1853|public|31|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "| {{|Bail in Error Act 1853|public|32|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "| {{|London Hackney Carriage Act 1853|note1=|public|33|28-06-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the better Regulation of Metropolitan Stage and Hackney Carriages, and for prohibiting the Use of advertising Vehicles.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "| {{|Income Tax Act 1853|note1=|public|34|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "| {{|Cathedral Churches, etc. Act 1853|public|35|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "| {{|Whichwood Disafforesting Act 1853|note1=or the Whichwood Forest Act 1853|public|36|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "| {{|Duties on Spirits, etc. Act 1853|public|37|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "| {{|Malicious Injuries (Ireland) Act 1853|note1=or the Malicious Injuries (Northern Ireland) Act 1853|public|38|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "| {{|Soap Duties Repeal Act 1853|public|39|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "| {{|Public Works Loan Act 1853|note1=or the Public Works Loans Act 1853|public|40|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "| {{|Common Lodging Houses Act 1853|note1=or the Common Lodging House Act 1853|public|41|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "| {{|Whittlewood Disafforesting Act 1853|note1=|public|42|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "| {{|Convicted Prisoners Removal, etc. Act 1853|public|43|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "| {{|Pimlico Improvement Act 1853|note1=|public|44|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "| {{|Government Annuities Act 1853|note1=|public|45|04-08-1853|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws and to grant additional Facilities in relation to the Purchase of Government Annuities through the Medium of Saving Banks, and to make other Provisions in respect thereof.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "| {{|Westminster Bridge Act 1853|note1=|public|46|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "| {{|Battersea Park Act 1853|note1=|public|47|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "| {{|Coinage (Colonial Offences) Act 1853|note1=|public|48|04-08-1853|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Punishment of Offences in the Colonies in relation to the Coin.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1976) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "| {{|Colonial Bishops Act 1853|note1=|public|49|04-08-1853|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Provisions of an Act of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Years of Her present Majesty, intituled An Act to enable Colonial and other Bishops to perform certain Episcopal Functions, wider Commission from Bishops of England and Ireland.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Measure 2018) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Commissioners (Exchange of Patronage) Act 1853|note1=|public|50|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "| {{|Succession Duty Act 1853|note1=|public|51|04-08-1853|archived=n|An Act for granting to Her Majesty Duties on Succession to Property, and for altering certain Provisions of the Acts charging Duties on Legacies and Shares of Personal Estates.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "| {{|Spitalfields and Shoreditch New Street Act 1853|note1=|public|52|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "| {{|Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1853|public|53|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "| {{|Customs Act 1853|public|54|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "| {{|Taxing Officer (Ireland) Act 1853|public|55|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "| {{|Crown Lands Act 1853|note1=|public|56|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "| {{|Copyholds Act 1853|public|57|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "| {{|Dublin Parliamentary Revising Act (1853)|note1=|public|58|04-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"text": "| {{|Stamp Act 1853|note1=|public|59|04-08-1853|archived=n|An Act to repeal certain Stamp Duties, and to grant others in lieu thereof, to amend the Laws relating to Stamp Duties, and to make perpetual certain Stamp Duties in Ireland.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"text": "| {{|Resident Magistrates (Ireland) Act 1853|public|60|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"text": "| {{|Provisional Order Confirmation (Turnpike Debts) Act 1853|public|61|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"text": "| {{|Contagious Diseases (Animals) Act 1853|public|62|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"text": "| {{|Bankers' Composition (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|63|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"text": "| {{|Incumbered Estates (Ireland) Act 1853|public|64|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"text": "| {{|Vestries Act 1853|note1=|public|65|15-08-1853|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts for the Regulation of Parish Vestries.|note4=(Repealed by Church of England (Miscellaneous Provisions) Measure 1992) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"text": "| {{|Highway Rates Act 1853|public|66|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"text": "| {{|Licensing (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|67|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"text": "| {{|Parliamentary Elections Act 1853|note1=|public|68|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"text": "| {{|Naval Enlistment Act 1853|note1=|public|69|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"text": "| {{|Lunacy Regulation Act 1853|note1=|public|70|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"text": "| {{|Newspapers Act 1853|public|71|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"text": "| {{|Crime and Outrage (Ireland) Act 1853|public|72|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"text": "| {{|Naval Volunteers Act 1853|note1=|public|73|04-11-1852|note3=|repealead=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Reserve Forces Act 1980) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"text": "| {{|Land Tax Redemption Act 1853|note1=|public|74|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"text": "| {{|Consolidated Annuities (Ireland) Act 1853|public|75|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"text": "| {{|Turnpike Acts (Ireland) Act 1853|public|76|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law Union Charges Act 1853|public|77|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"text": "| {{|Commissioners for Oaths Act 1853|public|78|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"text": "| {{|Municipal Corporation Act 1853|note1=or the Municipal Corporations Act 1853|public|79|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"text": "| {{|Sheriff Courts (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|80|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"text": "| {{|Bankruptcy Court Act 1853|public|81|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"text": "| {{|Christ College of Brecknock Act 1853|note1=|public|82|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"text": "| {{|Evidence Amendment Act 1853|note1=|public|83|20-08-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Victoria, Chapter Ninety-nine. }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"text": "| {{|Passengers Act Amendment Act 1853|public|84|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"text": "| {{|Privy Council Registrar Act 1853|note1=|public|85|20-08-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for removing Doubts as to the Powers of the Registrar of Her Majesty’s Privy Council to administer Oaths, and for providing for the Performance of the Duties of such Registrar in his Absence.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"text": "| {{|Liberated Africans Act 1853|note1=or the Sierra Leone Act 1853|public|86|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"text": "| {{|Thames Embankment Act 1853|note1=|public|87|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"text": "| {{|Duties on Horses Let for Hire Act 1853|public|88|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"text": "| {{|Universities (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|89|20-08-1853|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Universities (Scotland) Act 1932) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"text": "| {{|Land Tax Redemption (Investment) Act 1853|note1=|public|90|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"text": "| {{|Income Tax (Insurance) Act 1853|public|91|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"text": "| {{|Sheriffs (Scotland) Act 1853|public|92|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"text": "| {{|Burgh Harbours (Scotland) Act 1853|note1=|public|93|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"text": "| {{|Entail Amendment Act 1853|note1=|public|94|20-08-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the benefits of the Act of the eleventh and twelfth years of Her present Majesty, for the amendment of the law of entail in Scotland.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"text": "| {{|Government of India Act 1853|note1=|public|95|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"text": "| {{|Care and Treatment of Lunatics Act 1853|public|96|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"text": "| {{|Lunatic Asylums Act 1853|note1=or the County Asylums Act 1853|public|97|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"text": "| {{|Court of Chancery (England) Act 1853|public|98|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"text": "| {{|Penal Servitude Act 1853|note1=|public|99|20-08-1853|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Criminal Justice Act 1948) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"text": "| {{|Vaccination Act 1853|public|100|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"text": "| {{|Public Libraries Act 1853|public|101|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"text": "| {{|Defacing the Coin Act 1853|public|102|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"text": "| {{|Linen, etc., Manufacturers (Ireland) Act 1853|public|103|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"text": "| {{|Factories Act 1853|public|104|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"text": "| {{|Poor Rates Act 1853|public|105|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"text": "| {{|Customs Tariff Act 1853|note1=or the Customs Act 1853|public|106|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"text": "| {{|Customs Consolidation Act 1853|note1=or the Customs Act 1853|public|107|20-08-1853|archived=n|An Act to amend and consolidate the Laws relating to the Customs of the United Kingdom and of the Isle of Man, and certain Laws relating to Trade and Navigation and the British Possessions.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1853|public|108|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"text": "| {{|Loan Societies Act 1853|public|109|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"text": "| {{|Appropriation Act 1853|public|110|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"text": "| {{|Land Tax Commissioners (Appointment) Act 1853|public|111|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"text": "| {{|Dublin Carriage Act 1853|note1=|public|112|20-08-1853|archived=n|An Act to consolidate and amend the Laws relating to Hackney and Stage Carriages, also Job Carriages and Horses, and Carts let for Hire, within the Police District of Dublin Metropolis.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"text": "| {{|Common Law Procedure Amendment Act (Ireland) 1853|note1=or the Common Law Procedure Amendment (Ireland) Act 1853|public|113|20-08-1853|archived=n|An Act to amend the Procedure in the Superior Courts of Common Law in Ireland.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"text": "| {{|Belfast Borough Extension Act 1853|note1=|public|114|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"text": "| {{|Patent Law Act 1853|public|115|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"text": "| {{|Militia Pay Act 1853|public|116|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"text": "| {{|Land Tax Redemption (No. 2) Act 1853|note1=|public|117|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"text": "| {{|Apprehension of Certain Offenders Act 1853|public|118|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"text": "| {{|Betting Act 1853|note1=|public|119|20-08-1853|archived=n|An Act for the Suppression of Betting Houses.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"text": "| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1853|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1853|public|120|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"text": "| {{|Convict Prisons Act 1853|note1=|public|121|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"text": "| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1853|public|122|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"text": "| {{|Investments of Friendly Societies Act 1853|public|123|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"text": "| {{|Copyhold, etc., Commission Act 1853|public|124|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"text": "| {{|Metropolitan Sewers Act 1853|public|125|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1853 (No. 2)|note1=|public|126|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"text": "| {{|London Hackney Carriage (No. 2) Act 1853|note1=|public|127|20-08-1853|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to reduce the Duties payable in respect of Hackney Carriages used in the Metropolis, and to amend the Laws relating to the granting of Licences and Payment of Duties in respect of Metropolitan Stage and Hackney Carriages, and to make Provision as to the Charge for the Hire of Hackney Carriages in certain Cases.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2004) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"text": "| {{|Smoke Abatement, London Act 1853|public|128|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"text": "| {{|Pilotage Law Amendment Act 1853|note1=|public|129|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"text": "| {{|Drainage and Improvement of Lands (Ireland) Act 1853|note1=|public|130|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"text": "| {{|Merchant Shipping Law Amendment Act 1853|note1=|public|131|20-08-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend various Laws relating to Merchant Shipping.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"text": "| {{|National Debt Act 1853|public|132|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"text": "| {{|Militia Act 1853|public|133|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"text": "| {{|Burial Act 1853|note1=|public|134|20-08-1853|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws concerning the Burial of the Dead in England beyond the Limits of the Metropolis and to amend the Act concerning the Burial of the Dead in the Metropolis.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"text": "| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1853|note1=or the Turnpike Roads (England) Act 1853|public|135|20-08-1853|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"text": "| {{|Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1853|note1=|public|136|20-08-1853|archived=n|An Act for enabling Grand Juries in Ireland to borrow Money from private Sources on the Security of Presentment, and for transferring to Counties certain Works constructed wholly or in part with Public Money.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"text": "| {{|Charitable Trusts Act 1853|note1=|public|137|04-11-1852|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"text": "}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|London Assurance Consolidation Act 1853|note1=or the London Insurance Consolidation Act 1853|local|1|09-05-1853|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to consolidate the Stock and Powers of the Corporation of \"The London Assurance of Houses and Goods from Fire\" with the Stock and Powers of the Corporation of \"The London Assurance,\" and to confer on the last-named Corporation the Powers of \"The London Assurance Loan Company,\" and to give additional Powers to \"The London Assurance.\"|note4=(Repealed by London Assurance Act 1891 (c.cxxvi)) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"text": "| {{|Severn Valley Railway Act 1853|local|227|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Severn Valley Railway Act 1855 (c.clxxxiii)) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"text": "| {{|Barnsley Waterworks Act 1853|local|107|04-08-1853|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the Maintenance of the existing Works of the Company of Proprietors of the Barnsley Waterworks, and for the Purchase of Lands by them; to repeal their Act, and make other Provisions in lieu thereof.}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"text": "}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Sidney Sussex College Estate Act 1853|private|1|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"text": "| {{|Andrew Nash's Estate Act 1853|private|2|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"text": "| {{|Aberdeen Tailors Incorporation Act 1853|private|3|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"text": "| {{|Lord and Lady Charles Pelham Clinton's Marriage Settlement Act 1853|private|4|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"text": "| {{|Baroness de Villar's Marriage Settlement Act 1853|private|5|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"text": "| {{|William Cotham's Estate Act 1853|private|6|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"text": "| {{|Thomas Brown's Will Act 1853|private|7|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"text": "| {{|Hall Dare's Estate Act 1853|private|8|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"text": "| {{|Leigh's Estate Act 1853|note1=|private|9|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"text": "| {{|George Earl of Egremont's Estate Act 1853|private|10|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"text": "| {{|See of Canterbury's Estate Act 1853|private|11|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"text": "| {{|Martin's Estate Act 1853|private|12|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"text": "| {{|Bingley School and Charity Estate Act 1853|private|13|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"text": "| {{|Clitheroe Grammar School Act 1853|private|14|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"text": "| {{|Duke of Atholl's Estate Act 1853|private|15|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"text": "| {{|Reverend John Piddocke's Will Act 1853|private|16|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"text": "| {{|Jesus College, Proby Trust Act 1853|private|17|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by the Charities (The Proby Trust Fund) Order 1996 (S.I. 1996/3220)) }}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"text": "| {{|Ward Jackson's Estate Act 1853|private|18|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"text": "| {{|Pauncefort Duncombe's Estate Act 1853|private|19|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"text": "| {{|Warden Sergison's Estate Act 1853|private|20|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"text": "| {{|Sunderland Orphan Asylum Act 1853|private|21|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"text": "| {{|Marquess of Bute's Estate Act 1853|private|22|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"text": "| {{|Henry Smith's Charity Estate Act 1853|private|23|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"text": "| {{|John Pidgley's Will Act 1853|private|24|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"text": "| {{|Treffry's Estate Act 1853|private|25|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"text": "| {{|Baron Vivian's Estate Act 1853|private|26|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"text": "| {{|Pemberton's Estate Act 1853|private|27|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"text": "| {{|Chaytor's Estate Act 1853|private|28|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"text": "| {{|Duke of Cleveland's Harte Estate Act 1853|private|29|04-11-1852|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"text": "| {{|Enabling William Rooker to exercise the office of a priest and hold any benefice or preferment in the Church of England and Ireland.|note1=|private|30|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"text": "| {{|Restitution in blood of George Drummond and relief of George Drummond, and the heirs male of the first Earl of Perth|note1=, from the effects of the attainders of James Drummond (son of the fourth Earl of Perth) and his second son, John Drummond, and the decree of forfaulture pronounced by the Scottish parliament against John Earl of Melfort.|note1=|private|31|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"text": "| {{|Alfred Cutbill's Divorce Act 1853|note1=|private|32|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"text": "| {{|George Fisher's Divorce Act 1853|note1=|private|33|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"text": "| {{|Enabling Charles Crowe to exercise the office of a priest and hold any benefice or preferment in the Church of England and Ireland.|note1=|private|34|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"text": "| {{|Robert Rushbrooke's Divorce Act 1853|note1=|private|35|04-11-1852|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 177,
"text": "}}",
"title": "16 & 17 Vict."
}
] | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1853. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland. For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations. Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896. | 2023-12-08T00:02:55Z | 2023-12-11T09:40:34Z | [
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75,511,319 | List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1854 | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1854. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.
For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.
The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3".
Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Assessed Taxes Act 1854|public|1|17-02-1854|archived=n|An Act to explain and amend an Act of the last Session relating to the Duties of Assessed Taxes; and to authorize Justices of the Peace in Ireland to administer Oaths required in Matters relating to Income Tax.}}
| {{|Supply Act 1854|public|2|23-03-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to apply the Sum of Eight Millions out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1854|public|3|23-03-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for raising the Sum of One million seven hundred and fifty thousand Pounds by Exchequer Bills, for the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Mutiny Act 1854|public|4|23-03-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for punishing Mutiny and Desertion, and for the better Payment of the Army and their Quarters.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Coasting Trade Act 1854|public|5|23-03-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to admit Foreign Ships to the Coasting Trade.|note4=(Repealed by 18 & 19 Vict. c. 96) }}
| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1854|public|6|23-03-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Regulation of Her Majesty's Royal Marine Forces while on shore.}}
| {{|Highways, South Wales Act 1854|public|7|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act for extending the Time limited for putting into execution the Act of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Years of Her present Majesty, for the better Management and Control of Highways in South Wales.}}
| {{|Valuation (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=|public|8|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act further to amend an Act relating to the Valuation of rateable Property in Ireland.}}
| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1854|note1=|public|9|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act to authorise the Inclosure of certain Lands in pursuance of a Report of the Inclosure Commissioners for England and Wales.}}
| {{|Income Tax Act 1854|link=Income Tax Act 1854 c. 10|public|10|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act for granting to Her Majesty additional Duties on Profits arising from Property, Professions, Trades, and Offices.}}
| {{|Church Temporalities Act 1854|public|11|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws relating to Ministers Money, and the Church Temporalities {Ireland) Act.}}
| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1854|public|12|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act for raising the Sum of Sixteen millions twenty-four thousand one hundred Pounds by Exchequer Bills, for the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.}}
| {{|Militia Act 1854|public|13|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts relating to the Militia of the United Kingdom.}}
| {{|Church Building Commission Act 1854|public|14|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act to contmue Her Majesty's Commission for building new Churches.}}
| {{|Tunnel between Devonport and Keyham Act 1854|public|15|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to empower the Commissioners of the Admiralty to construct a Tunnel between Her Majesty's Dockyard at Devonport and Her Majesty's Steam Factory Yard at Keyham, and to acquire certain Property for Her Majesty's Service.}}
| {{|County Courts Act 1854|public|16|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Victoria, Chapter Sixty-one, and the Act of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Victoria, Chapter Fifty-four. }}
| {{|Boundary Survey (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=|public|17|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for defining the Boundaries of Counties, Baronies, Half Baronies, Parishes, Town Lands, and other Divisions and Denominations of Land in Ireland for public Purposes.}}
| {{|Prize Act, Russia, 1854|note1=|public|18|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Encouragement of Seamen and the more effectual Manning of Her Majesty's Navy during the present War.}}
| {{|Naval Pay and Prize Act 1854|note1=or the Navy Pay and Prize Act 1854|public|19|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act for facilitating the Payment of Her Majesty's Navy, and the Payment and Distribution of Prize, Bounty, Salvage, and other Monies to and amongst the Officers and Crews of Her Majesty's Ships and Vessels of War; and for the better Regulation of the Accounts relating thereto.}}
| {{|Manchester Division Stipendiary Justice Act 1854|note1=or the Stipendiary Magistrate, Manchester and Salford Act 1854|public|20|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to repeal an Act of the Fifty-third Year of King George the Third, Chapter Seventy-two, and an Act of the Eighth Year of Her present Majesty, Chapter Twenty-one; and for making Provision for the Appointment and for Remuneration of a Stipendiary Justice for the Division of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, and of Clerks to such Justice and the Justices for the Borough of Salford; and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Supply Act 1854|public|21|16-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to apply the Sum of Eight Millions out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.}}
| {{|Port of Dublin Act 1854|public|22|16-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to enable the Collector General of Dublin to levy Money to repay a certain Outlay by the Corporation for preserving and improving the Port of Dublin in and about repairing the Quay Wall of the River Liffey, and for future Repairs thereof, and for repairing and rebuilding Bridges over the said River.}}
| {{|Exchequer Bonds and Bills Act 1854|public|23|16-06-1854|archived=n|An Act for raising the Sum of Six Millions by Exchequer Bonds and Exchequer Bills.}}
| {{|Income Tax Act 1854|note1=|public|24|16-06-1854|archived=n|An Act for granting to Her Majesty an increased Rate of Duty on Profits arising from Property^ Professions, Trades, and Offices.}}
| {{|Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1854|public|25|16-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Industrial and Provident Societies Act, 1852.}}
| {{|Treason (Ireland) Act 1854|public|26|03-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to assimilate the Law and Practice existing in cases of High Treason in Ireland to the Law and Practice existing in Cases of High Treason in England.}}
| {{|Excise Act 1854|public|27|03-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for granting certain additional Rates and Duties of Excise.}}
| {{|Customs Act 1854|public|28|03-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to alter and amend certain Duties of Customs.}}
| {{|Customs (No. 2) Act 1854|public|29|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to alter the Duties of Customs on Sugar, Molasses, and Spirits.}}
| {{|Sugar Duties Act 1854|public|30|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for granting certain Duties of Excise on Sugar made in the United Kingdom.}}
| {{|Railway and Canal Traffic Act 1854|public|31|10-07-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the better Regulation of the Traffic on Railways and Canals.|note4=(Repealed by Transport Act 1962) }}
| {{|Church Building Act 1854|note1=|public|32|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to facilitate the Apportionment of the Rent when Parts of Lands in Lease are taken for the Purposes of the Church Building Acts.}}
| {{|Public Statues (Metropolis) Act 1854|note1=|public|33|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to place Public Statues within the Metropolitan Police District under the Control of the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works and Public Buildings.}}
| {{|Attendance of Witnesses Act 1854|note1=|public|34|10-07-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Courts of Law in England, Ireland, and Scotland to issue Process to compel the Attendance of Witnesses out of their Jurisdiction, and to give Effect to the Service of such Process in any Part of the United Kingdom.}}
| {{|Warwick Assizes Act 1854|public|35|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to repeal certain Provisions of an Act of the Fifth and Six Years of Her present Majesty, concerning the holding of Assizes for the County of Warwick.}}
| {{|Bills of Sale Act 1854|note1=|public|36|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for preventing Frauds upon Creditors by secret Bills of Sale of personal Chattels.}}
| {{|Validity of Certain Proceedings, etc. Act 1854|public|37|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for establishing the Validity of certain Proceedings in Her Majesty's Court of Vice-Admiralty in Mauritius.}}
| {{|Gaming Houses Act 1854|note1=|public|38|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Suppression of Gaming Houses.}}
| {{|Indemnity Act 1854|public|39|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to indemnify such Persons in the United Kingdom as have omitted to qualify themselves for Offices and Employments, and to extend the Time limited for those Purposes respectively.}}
| {{|Income Tax Act 1854|link=Income Tax Act 1854 c. 40|public|40|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the last Session of Parliament, for extending for a limited Time the Provision for Abatement of Income Tax in respect of Insurance on Lives.}}
| {{|Poor Law Board Act 1854|public|41|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue the Poor Law Board.}}
| {{|Turnpike Acts (Ireland) Act 1854|public|42|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Acts for regulating Turnpike Roads in Ireland.}}
| {{|Poor Law Union Charges Act 1854|public|43|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the Seventeenth Year of Her present Majesty, for charging the Maintenance of certain poor Persons in Unions in England and Wales upon the Common Fund. }}
| {{|Holyhead Harbours Act 1854|public|44|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for regulating and maintaining the Harbours of Holyhead, and for vesting them in the Admiralty.}}
| {{|Dublin Amended Carriage Act 1854|note1=|public|45|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Dublin Carriage Act, 1853.}}
| {{|Linen, etc., Manufacturers (Ireland) Act 1854|public|46|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Acts relating to Linen, Hempen, and other Manufactures in Ireland.}}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Courts Act 1854|note1=|public|47|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to alter and Improve the Mode of taking Evidence in the Ecclesiastical Courts of England and Wales.}}
| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1854|note1=|public|48|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Inclosure of certain Lands in pursuance of a Special Report of the Inclosure Commissioners for England and Wales.}}
| {{|New Forest Act 1854|public|49|24-07-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Settlement of Claims upon and over the New Forest.|note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}
| {{|Savings Banks and Friendly Societies Act 1854|public|50|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the Twelfth Year of Her present Majesty, for amending the Laws relating to Savings Banks in Ireland, and to authorize Friendly Societies to invest the whole of their Funds in Savings Banks.}}
| {{|Provisional Order Confirmation (Turnpikes) Act 1854|public|51|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders made under an Act of the Fifteenth Year of Her present Majesty, to facilitate Arrangements for the Belief of Turnpike Trusts, and to make certain Provisions respecting Exemptions from Tolls.}}
| {{|Highway Rates Act 1854|public|52|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act for authorizing the Application of Highway Rates to Turnpike Roads.}}
| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1854|note1=|public|53|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to confirm Provisional Orders of the General Board of Health for the Districts of Plymouth, Haworth, Aberdare, Bishop Auckland, Willenhall, and Over Darwen.|po1=Provisional Order for the Application of the Public Health Act to the Borough of Plymouth, in the County of Devon.|po1short=n| |po2=Provisional Order for altering the Boundaries of the District of Haworth in the West Riding of the County of York, as constituted for the Purposes of the Public Health Act 1848.|po2short=n| |po3=Provisional Order for the Application of the Public Health Act, 1848, to the Parish of Aberdare, in the County of Glamorgan.|po3short=n| |po4=Provisional Order for the Application of the Public Health Act to the District of Bishop Auckland, in the County of Durham.|po4short=n| |po5=Provisional Order for the Application of the Public Health Act to the Township of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford.|po5short=n| |po6=Provisional Order for the Application of the Public Health Act to the Township of Over Darwen, in the County Palatine of Lancaster.|po6short=n|}}
| {{|Jamaica Loan Act 1854|public|54|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to guarantee the Liquidation or a Loan or Loans for the Service of the Colony of Jamaica.}}
| {{|Bills of Sale (Ireland) Act 1854|public|55|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Begistration of^BilLi of Sale in Ireland.}}
| {{|Friendly Societies Discharge Act 1854|note1=|public|56|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to make further Provisions in relation to certain Friendly Societies.}}
| {{|Returning Officers Act 1854|note1=|public|57|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Appointment of Returning Officers in certain Cases.}}
| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1854|note1=or the Turnpike Roads (England) Act 1854|public|58|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Turnpike Acts in Great Britain, and to make further Provisions concerning Turnpike Roads in England.}}
| {{|Jury Trials (Scotland) Act 1854|public|59|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to allow Verdicts on Trials by Jury in Civil Causes in Scotland to be returned although the Jury may not be unanimous.}}
| {{|Cruelty to Animals Act 1854|note1=|public|60|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Years of Her present Majesty for the more effectual Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.}}
| {{|Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea Act 1854|public|61|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Application of a Sum of Money out of the forfeited and unclaimed Army Prize Fund in enlarging and improving the Royal Military Asylum.}}
| {{|Heritable Securities (Scotland) Act 1854|public|62|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to extend the Benefits of Two Acts of Her Majesty relating to the Constitution, Transmission, and Extinction of Heritable Securities in Scotland.}}
| {{|Poor Law Board (Ireland) Act 1854|public|63|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue the Poor Law Commission for Ireland.}}
| {{|Public Libraries Act (Scotland) 1854|note1=or the Public Libraries (Scotland) Act 1854|public|64|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the last Session for extending the Public Libraries Act, 1850, to Ireland and Scotland.}}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1854|public|65|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for further continuing certain temporary Provisions concerning Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in England.}}
| {{|Poor Rates Act 1854|public|66|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue the Exemption of Inhabitants from Liability to be rated as such in respect of Stock in Trade or other Property to the Relief of the Poor.}}
| {{|Defence Act 1854|note1=|public|67|31-07-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to facilitate the Purchase of Common, Commonable, and other Rights by the Principal Officers of Her Majesty's Ordnance.}}
| {{|Crown Land, Revenues Act 1854|public|68|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Application of certain Stock purchased with Monies which arose from the Sale of Part of the Land Revenues of the Crown in Ireland.}}
| {{|Local Boards Highway Repair Indemnity Act 1854|note1=or the Highways Act 1854|public|69|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to indemnify Local Boards of Health as regards rating for the Repair of Highways, under the Public Health Act, 1848.}}
| {{|Marylebone Chapels Act 1854|public|70|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to enable the Trustees of Portland Chapel, Oxford Chapel, and Welbeck Chapel, in the Parish of Saint Marylebone, to augment the Salaries of the Ministers of the said Chapels.}}
| {{|Borough Rates (England) Act 1854|public|71|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law concerning the making of Borough Rates in Boroughs not within the Municipal Corporation Act.}}
| {{|Sheriff and Sheriff Clerk of Chancery (Scotland) Act 1854|public|72|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to provide for Payment of the Salaries of the Sheriff and Sheriff Clerk of Chancery in Scotland.}}
| {{|Bankers (Scotland) Act 1854|note1=|public|73|31-07-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts for the Regulation of Joint Stock Banks in Scotland.}}
| {{|Reformatory Schools (Scotland) Act 1854|note1=|public|74|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to render Reformatory and Industrial Schools in Scotland more available for the Benefit of Vagrant Children.}}
| {{|Acknowledgement of Deeds by Married Women Act 1854|public|75|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to remove Doubts concerning the due Acknowledgment of Deeds by Married Women in certain Cases.}}
| {{|Convict Prisons (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=or the Convict Prisons Act 1854|public|76|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Formation, Regulation, and Government of Convict Prisons in Ireland.}}
| {{|Government of India Act 1854|note1=|public|77|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Mode of passing Letters Patent and other Acts of the Crown relating to India, and for vesting certain Powers in the Governor General of India in Council.}}
| {{|Admiralty Court Act 1854|note1=or the Court of Admiralty Act 1854|public|78|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to appoint Persons to administer Oaths, and to substitute Stamps in lieu of Fees, and for other Purposes, in the High Court of Admiralty of England.}}
| {{|Sale of Beer Act 1854|note1=or the Sale of Beer, etc. Act 1854|public|79|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for further regulating the Sale of Beer and other Liquors on the Lord's Day.}}
| {{|Registration of Births, Deaths, and Marriages (Scotland) Act 1854|note1=|public|80|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to provide for the better Registration of Births, Deaths^ and Marriages in Scotland.}}
| {{|Oxford University Act 1854|note1=or the Oxford University Reform Act 1854or the University Reform Act 1854|public|81|07-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for the good Government and Extension of the University of Oxford, of the Colleges therein, and of the College of Saint Mary Winchester.}}
| {{|Court of Chancery of Lancaster Act 1854|note1=|public|82|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act further to improve the Administration of Justice in the Court of Chancery of the County Palatine of Lancaster.}}
| {{|Stamp Act 1854|note1=or Stamp Duties Act 1854|public|83|10-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Stamp Duties.}}
| {{|Augmentation of Benefices Act 1854|note1=|public|84|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to extend the Provisions of the Acts for the Augmentation of Benefices.}}
| {{|Land, Assessed, and Income Taxes Act 1854|public|85|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for better securing the collecting and accounting for the Land Tax, Assessed Taxes^ and Income Tax by the Collectors thereof.}}
| {{|Youthful Offenders Act 1854|note1=or the Youthful Offenders, Great Britain Act 1854|public|86|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for the better Care and Reformation of Youthful Offenders in Great Britain.}}
| {{|Burial Act 1854|public|87|10-08-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for the Burial of the Dead in England beyond the Limits of the Metropolis.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1892) }}
| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1854|public|88|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to render valid certain Marriages of British Subjects in Mexico.}}
| {{|Spirits (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=|public|89|10-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws for the better Prevention of the Sale of Spirits by unlicenced Persons, and for the Suppression of illicit Distillation, in Ireland.}}
| {{|Usury Laws Repeal Act 1854|note1=|public|90|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to repeal the Laws relating to Usury, and to the Enrolment of Annuities.}}
| {{|Lands Valuation (Scotland) Act 1854|note1=|public|91|10-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the Valuation of Lands and Heritages in Scotland.}}
| {{|Crime and Outrage (Ireland) Act 1854|public|92|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the Eleventh Year of Her present Majesty, for the better Prevention of Crime and Outrage in certain Parts of Ireland.}}
| {{|Duchy of Cornwall Office Act 1854|public|93|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Exchange of the Office in Somerset House of the Duchy of Cornwall for an Office to be erected in Pimlico on the Hereditary Possessions of the Crown.}}
| {{|Public Revenue and Consolidated Fund Charges Act 1854|note1=|public|94|10-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to alter the Mode of providing for certain Expenses now charged upon certain Branches of the Public Revenues and upon the Consolidated Fund.}}
| {{|Public Health Act 1854|public|95|10-08-1854|archived=n|}}
| {{|Gold and Silver Wares Act 1854|note1=|public|96|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for allowing Gold Wares to be manufactured at a lower Standard than that now allowed by Law, and to amend the Law relating to the assaying of Gold and Silver Wares.}}
| {{|Inclosure Act 1854|note1=|public|97|10-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and extend the Acts for the Inclosure, Exchange, and Improvement of Land.}}
| {{|Parochial Schoolmaster (Scotland) Act 1854|public|98|10-08-1854|archived=n|}}
| {{|National Gallery of Ireland Act 1854|public|99|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Establishment of a National Gallery of Paintings, Sculpture, and the Fine Arts, for the Care of a Public Library, and the Erection of a Public Museum, in Dublin.}}
| {{|Court of Chancery Act 1854|public|100|10-08-1854|archived=n|}}
| {{|Friendly Societies Act 1854|public|101|10-08-1854|archived=n|}}
| {{|Corrupt Practices Prevention Act 1854|note1=|public|102|10-08-1854|archived=n|}}
| {{|Towns Improvement (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=|public|103|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to make better Provision for the paving, lighting, draining, cleansing, supplying with Water, and Regulation of Towns in Ireland.}}
| {{|Merchant Shipping Act 1854|public|104|10-08-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and consolidate the Acts relating to Merchant Shipping.|note4=(Repealed by Merchant Shipping Act 1894) }}
| {{|Militia Law Amendment Act 1854|note1=|public|105|11-08-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Militia in England and Wales.|note4=(Repealed by Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921) }}
| {{|Militia (Scotland) Act 1854|note1=|public|106|11-08-1854|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921) }}
| {{|Militia (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=|public|107|11-08-1854|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921) }}
| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1854|public|108|11-08-1854|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Pay Act 1854|public|109|11-08-1854|archived=n|}}
| {{|Advances to County of Mayo Act 1854|public|110|11-08-1854|archived=n|}}
| {{|Metropolitan Sewers Act 1854|public|111|11-08-1854|archived=n|}}
| {{|Literary and Scientific Institutions Act 1854|note1=|public|112|11-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to afford greater Facilities for the Establishment of Institutions for the Promotion of Literature and Science and the Fine Arts, and to provide for their better Regulation.}}
| {{|Real Estate Charges Act 1854|note1=|public|113|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Administration of the Estates of deceased Persons.}}
| {{|University of London Medical Graduates Act 1854|note1=|public|114|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to extend the Rights enjoyed by the Graduates of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge in respect to the Practice of Physic to the Graduates of the University of London.}}
| {{|Removal of Prisoners in Custody Act 1854|public|115|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relative to the Removal of Prisoners in Custody.}}
| {{|Episcopal and Capitular Estates Act 1854|note1=|public|116|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue and amend an Act to facilitate the Management and Improvement of Episcopal and Capitular Estates in England.}}
| {{|West Indian Incumbered Estates Act 1854|note1=|public|117|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to facilitate the Sale and Transfer of Incumbered Estates in the West Indies.}}
| {{|Commonwealth Legislative Council for Canada Act 1854|public|118|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to empower the Legislature of Canada to alter the Constitution of the Legislative Council for that Province, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Bankruptcy Act 1854|note1=|public|119|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for regulating Appointments to Offices in the Court of Bankruptcy, and for amending the Laws relating to Bankrupts.}}
| {{|Merchant Shipping Repeal Act 1854|note1=|public|120|11-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to repeal certain Acts and Parts of Acts relating to Merchant Shipping, and to continue certain Provisions in the said Acts.}}
| {{|Appropriation Act 1854|public|121|12-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to apply a Sum out of the Consolidated Fund and certain other Sums to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, and to appropriate the Supplies granted in this Session of Parliament.}}
| {{|Customs Act 1854|public|122|12-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for the further Alteration and Amendment of the Laws and Duties of Customs.}}
| {{|Russian Government Securities Act 1854|public|123|12-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to render any Dealing with Securities issued during the present War between Russia and England by the Russian Government a Misdemeanor.}}
| {{|Midland Great Western Railway Act 1854|public|124|12-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to settle the Contribution to be made by certain Baronies in Roscommon and Galway and the County of the Town of Galway to the Midland Great Western Railway of Ireland Company.}}
| {{|Common Law Procedure Act 1854|note1=|public|125|12-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the further Amendment of the Process, Practice, and Mode of Pleading in and enlarging the Jurisdiction of the Superior Courts of Common Law at Westminster, and of the Superior Courts of Common Law of the Counties Palatine of Lancaster and Durham.}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Middleton Gas Act 1854|local|1|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Birmingham and Midland Institute Act 1854|local|91|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Borough of Yeovil Extension and Improvement Act 1854|note1=or the Borough of Yeovil Extension Act 1854|local|125|03-07-1854|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the Regulation of the Municipal Corporation of the Borough of Yeovil in the County of Somerset, and for the Extension of the Boundaries of the said Borough, and for the Improvement of the said Borough.}}
| {{|Great Western, Birmingham and Chester Railways Act 1854|local|222|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Sir William Milborne Swinnerton's Name Act 1854|private|1|16-06-1854|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n| }}
| {{|Fleming's Estate Act 1854|private|2|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Violetta Masters' Estate Act 1854|private|3|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Henry Smith's Charity Estate Act 1854|private|4|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Thornhill's Estate Act 1854|private|5|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|William Green's Estate Act 1854|private|6|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Wyndham's Estate Act 1854|private|7|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Fowler's Estate Act 1854|private|8|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Woking Commoners Act 1854|private|9|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Davies's Estate Act 1854|private|10|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Landon's Estate Act 1854|private|11|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Aberdeen Shoemakers Incorporation Act 1854|private|12|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Ward's Estate Act 1854|private|13|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Darby Estate Act 1854|private|14|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Jenkins's Estate Act 1854|private|15|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Wilkinson's Estate Act 1854|private|16|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Merton College Estate Act 1854|private|17|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mitford's Estate Act 1854|private|18|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Blervie Estate Act 1854|private|19|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stainforth's Estate Act 1854|private|20|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Sir Gilbert Stirling's Estate Act 1854|private|21|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Thornhill's Copyhold Estate Act 1854|private|22|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Saint Catherine's Parish (Dublin) Estates Act 1854|private|23|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stockport Rectory Division Act 1854|private|24|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Earl of Harrington's Estate Act 1854|private|25|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lord Willoughby de Broke's Estate Act 1854|private|26|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n| }}
| {{|Thomas Sewell's Estate Act 1854|private|27|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Earl of Eglinton's Estate Act 1854|private|28|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Staveley's Estate Act 1854|private|29|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Peel's Estate Act 1854|private|30|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Hornyold's Estate Act 1854|private|31|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Park's Estate Act 1854|private|32|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Petre Estate Act 1854|private|33|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mowbrick Estate Partition Act 1854|private|34|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bradford Vicarage Estate Act 1854|private|35|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Baron De L'Isle and Dudley's Estate Act 1854|private|36|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Worsley's Estate Act 1854|private|37|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Adlington Estate Act 1854|private|38|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Relief of Lord Lovat Act 1854|note1=|private|39|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Richard Caton's Divorce Act 1854|note1=|private|40|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Henry Stocker's Divorce Act 1854|note1=|private|41|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
}} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1854. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as \"39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67\", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus \"41 Geo. 3\" rather than \"41 Geo. III\"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as \"41 Geo. 3\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Assessed Taxes Act 1854|public|1|17-02-1854|archived=n|An Act to explain and amend an Act of the last Session relating to the Duties of Assessed Taxes; and to authorize Justices of the Peace in Ireland to administer Oaths required in Matters relating to Income Tax.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1854|public|2|23-03-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to apply the Sum of Eight Millions out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1854|public|3|23-03-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for raising the Sum of One million seven hundred and fifty thousand Pounds by Exchequer Bills, for the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "| {{|Mutiny Act 1854|public|4|23-03-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for punishing Mutiny and Desertion, and for the better Payment of the Army and their Quarters.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "| {{|Coasting Trade Act 1854|public|5|23-03-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to admit Foreign Ships to the Coasting Trade.|note4=(Repealed by 18 & 19 Vict. c. 96) }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1854|public|6|23-03-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Regulation of Her Majesty's Royal Marine Forces while on shore.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "| {{|Highways, South Wales Act 1854|public|7|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act for extending the Time limited for putting into execution the Act of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Years of Her present Majesty, for the better Management and Control of Highways in South Wales.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "| {{|Valuation (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=|public|8|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act further to amend an Act relating to the Valuation of rateable Property in Ireland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1854|note1=|public|9|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act to authorise the Inclosure of certain Lands in pursuance of a Report of the Inclosure Commissioners for England and Wales.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "| {{|Income Tax Act 1854|link=Income Tax Act 1854 c. 10|public|10|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act for granting to Her Majesty additional Duties on Profits arising from Property, Professions, Trades, and Offices.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "| {{|Church Temporalities Act 1854|public|11|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws relating to Ministers Money, and the Church Temporalities {Ireland) Act.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1854|public|12|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act for raising the Sum of Sixteen millions twenty-four thousand one hundred Pounds by Exchequer Bills, for the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "| {{|Militia Act 1854|public|13|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts relating to the Militia of the United Kingdom.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "| {{|Church Building Commission Act 1854|public|14|12-05-1854|archived=n|An Act to contmue Her Majesty's Commission for building new Churches.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "| {{|Tunnel between Devonport and Keyham Act 1854|public|15|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to empower the Commissioners of the Admiralty to construct a Tunnel between Her Majesty's Dockyard at Devonport and Her Majesty's Steam Factory Yard at Keyham, and to acquire certain Property for Her Majesty's Service.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "| {{|County Courts Act 1854|public|16|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Victoria, Chapter Sixty-one, and the Act of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Victoria, Chapter Fifty-four. }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "| {{|Boundary Survey (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=|public|17|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for defining the Boundaries of Counties, Baronies, Half Baronies, Parishes, Town Lands, and other Divisions and Denominations of Land in Ireland for public Purposes.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "| {{|Prize Act, Russia, 1854|note1=|public|18|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Encouragement of Seamen and the more effectual Manning of Her Majesty's Navy during the present War.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "| {{|Naval Pay and Prize Act 1854|note1=or the Navy Pay and Prize Act 1854|public|19|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act for facilitating the Payment of Her Majesty's Navy, and the Payment and Distribution of Prize, Bounty, Salvage, and other Monies to and amongst the Officers and Crews of Her Majesty's Ships and Vessels of War; and for the better Regulation of the Accounts relating thereto.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "| {{|Manchester Division Stipendiary Justice Act 1854|note1=or the Stipendiary Magistrate, Manchester and Salford Act 1854|public|20|02-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to repeal an Act of the Fifty-third Year of King George the Third, Chapter Seventy-two, and an Act of the Eighth Year of Her present Majesty, Chapter Twenty-one; and for making Provision for the Appointment and for Remuneration of a Stipendiary Justice for the Division of Manchester in the County of Lancaster, and of Clerks to such Justice and the Justices for the Borough of Salford; and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1854|public|21|16-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to apply the Sum of Eight Millions out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "| {{|Port of Dublin Act 1854|public|22|16-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to enable the Collector General of Dublin to levy Money to repay a certain Outlay by the Corporation for preserving and improving the Port of Dublin in and about repairing the Quay Wall of the River Liffey, and for future Repairs thereof, and for repairing and rebuilding Bridges over the said River.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bonds and Bills Act 1854|public|23|16-06-1854|archived=n|An Act for raising the Sum of Six Millions by Exchequer Bonds and Exchequer Bills.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "| {{|Income Tax Act 1854|note1=|public|24|16-06-1854|archived=n|An Act for granting to Her Majesty an increased Rate of Duty on Profits arising from Property^ Professions, Trades, and Offices.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "| {{|Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1854|public|25|16-06-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Industrial and Provident Societies Act, 1852.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "| {{|Treason (Ireland) Act 1854|public|26|03-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to assimilate the Law and Practice existing in cases of High Treason in Ireland to the Law and Practice existing in Cases of High Treason in England.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "| {{|Excise Act 1854|public|27|03-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for granting certain additional Rates and Duties of Excise.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "| {{|Customs Act 1854|public|28|03-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to alter and amend certain Duties of Customs.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "| {{|Customs (No. 2) Act 1854|public|29|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to alter the Duties of Customs on Sugar, Molasses, and Spirits.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "| {{|Sugar Duties Act 1854|public|30|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for granting certain Duties of Excise on Sugar made in the United Kingdom.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "| {{|Railway and Canal Traffic Act 1854|public|31|10-07-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the better Regulation of the Traffic on Railways and Canals.|note4=(Repealed by Transport Act 1962) }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "| {{|Church Building Act 1854|note1=|public|32|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to facilitate the Apportionment of the Rent when Parts of Lands in Lease are taken for the Purposes of the Church Building Acts.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "| {{|Public Statues (Metropolis) Act 1854|note1=|public|33|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to place Public Statues within the Metropolitan Police District under the Control of the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works and Public Buildings.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "| {{|Attendance of Witnesses Act 1854|note1=|public|34|10-07-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Courts of Law in England, Ireland, and Scotland to issue Process to compel the Attendance of Witnesses out of their Jurisdiction, and to give Effect to the Service of such Process in any Part of the United Kingdom.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "| {{|Warwick Assizes Act 1854|public|35|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to repeal certain Provisions of an Act of the Fifth and Six Years of Her present Majesty, concerning the holding of Assizes for the County of Warwick.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "| {{|Bills of Sale Act 1854|note1=|public|36|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for preventing Frauds upon Creditors by secret Bills of Sale of personal Chattels.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "| {{|Validity of Certain Proceedings, etc. Act 1854|public|37|10-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for establishing the Validity of certain Proceedings in Her Majesty's Court of Vice-Admiralty in Mauritius.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "| {{|Gaming Houses Act 1854|note1=|public|38|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Suppression of Gaming Houses.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "| {{|Indemnity Act 1854|public|39|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to indemnify such Persons in the United Kingdom as have omitted to qualify themselves for Offices and Employments, and to extend the Time limited for those Purposes respectively.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "| {{|Income Tax Act 1854|link=Income Tax Act 1854 c. 40|public|40|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the last Session of Parliament, for extending for a limited Time the Provision for Abatement of Income Tax in respect of Insurance on Lives.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law Board Act 1854|public|41|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue the Poor Law Board.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "| {{|Turnpike Acts (Ireland) Act 1854|public|42|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Acts for regulating Turnpike Roads in Ireland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law Union Charges Act 1854|public|43|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the Seventeenth Year of Her present Majesty, for charging the Maintenance of certain poor Persons in Unions in England and Wales upon the Common Fund. }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "| {{|Holyhead Harbours Act 1854|public|44|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for regulating and maintaining the Harbours of Holyhead, and for vesting them in the Admiralty.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "| {{|Dublin Amended Carriage Act 1854|note1=|public|45|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Dublin Carriage Act, 1853.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "| {{|Linen, etc., Manufacturers (Ireland) Act 1854|public|46|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Acts relating to Linen, Hempen, and other Manufactures in Ireland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Courts Act 1854|note1=|public|47|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to alter and Improve the Mode of taking Evidence in the Ecclesiastical Courts of England and Wales.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1854|note1=|public|48|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Inclosure of certain Lands in pursuance of a Special Report of the Inclosure Commissioners for England and Wales.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "| {{|New Forest Act 1854|public|49|24-07-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Settlement of Claims upon and over the New Forest.|note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "| {{|Savings Banks and Friendly Societies Act 1854|public|50|24-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the Twelfth Year of Her present Majesty, for amending the Laws relating to Savings Banks in Ireland, and to authorize Friendly Societies to invest the whole of their Funds in Savings Banks.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "| {{|Provisional Order Confirmation (Turnpikes) Act 1854|public|51|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders made under an Act of the Fifteenth Year of Her present Majesty, to facilitate Arrangements for the Belief of Turnpike Trusts, and to make certain Provisions respecting Exemptions from Tolls.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "| {{|Highway Rates Act 1854|public|52|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act for authorizing the Application of Highway Rates to Turnpike Roads.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1854|note1=|public|53|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to confirm Provisional Orders of the General Board of Health for the Districts of Plymouth, Haworth, Aberdare, Bishop Auckland, Willenhall, and Over Darwen.|po1=Provisional Order for the Application of the Public Health Act to the Borough of Plymouth, in the County of Devon.|po1short=n| |po2=Provisional Order for altering the Boundaries of the District of Haworth in the West Riding of the County of York, as constituted for the Purposes of the Public Health Act 1848.|po2short=n| |po3=Provisional Order for the Application of the Public Health Act, 1848, to the Parish of Aberdare, in the County of Glamorgan.|po3short=n| |po4=Provisional Order for the Application of the Public Health Act to the District of Bishop Auckland, in the County of Durham.|po4short=n| |po5=Provisional Order for the Application of the Public Health Act to the Township of Willenhall, in the County of Stafford.|po5short=n| |po6=Provisional Order for the Application of the Public Health Act to the Township of Over Darwen, in the County Palatine of Lancaster.|po6short=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "| {{|Jamaica Loan Act 1854|public|54|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to guarantee the Liquidation or a Loan or Loans for the Service of the Colony of Jamaica.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"text": "| {{|Bills of Sale (Ireland) Act 1854|public|55|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Begistration of^BilLi of Sale in Ireland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"text": "| {{|Friendly Societies Discharge Act 1854|note1=|public|56|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to make further Provisions in relation to certain Friendly Societies.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"text": "| {{|Returning Officers Act 1854|note1=|public|57|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Appointment of Returning Officers in certain Cases.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"text": "| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1854|note1=or the Turnpike Roads (England) Act 1854|public|58|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Turnpike Acts in Great Britain, and to make further Provisions concerning Turnpike Roads in England.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"text": "| {{|Jury Trials (Scotland) Act 1854|public|59|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to allow Verdicts on Trials by Jury in Civil Causes in Scotland to be returned although the Jury may not be unanimous.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"text": "| {{|Cruelty to Animals Act 1854|note1=|public|60|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the Twelfth and Thirteenth Years of Her present Majesty for the more effectual Prevention of Cruelty to Animals.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"text": "| {{|Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea Act 1854|public|61|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Application of a Sum of Money out of the forfeited and unclaimed Army Prize Fund in enlarging and improving the Royal Military Asylum.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"text": "| {{|Heritable Securities (Scotland) Act 1854|public|62|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to extend the Benefits of Two Acts of Her Majesty relating to the Constitution, Transmission, and Extinction of Heritable Securities in Scotland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law Board (Ireland) Act 1854|public|63|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue the Poor Law Commission for Ireland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"text": "| {{|Public Libraries Act (Scotland) 1854|note1=or the Public Libraries (Scotland) Act 1854|public|64|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the last Session for extending the Public Libraries Act, 1850, to Ireland and Scotland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1854|public|65|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act for further continuing certain temporary Provisions concerning Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in England.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"text": "| {{|Poor Rates Act 1854|public|66|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue the Exemption of Inhabitants from Liability to be rated as such in respect of Stock in Trade or other Property to the Relief of the Poor.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"text": "| {{|Defence Act 1854|note1=|public|67|31-07-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to facilitate the Purchase of Common, Commonable, and other Rights by the Principal Officers of Her Majesty's Ordnance.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"text": "| {{|Crown Land, Revenues Act 1854|public|68|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Application of certain Stock purchased with Monies which arose from the Sale of Part of the Land Revenues of the Crown in Ireland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"text": "| {{|Local Boards Highway Repair Indemnity Act 1854|note1=or the Highways Act 1854|public|69|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to indemnify Local Boards of Health as regards rating for the Repair of Highways, under the Public Health Act, 1848.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"text": "| {{|Marylebone Chapels Act 1854|public|70|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to enable the Trustees of Portland Chapel, Oxford Chapel, and Welbeck Chapel, in the Parish of Saint Marylebone, to augment the Salaries of the Ministers of the said Chapels.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"text": "| {{|Borough Rates (England) Act 1854|public|71|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law concerning the making of Borough Rates in Boroughs not within the Municipal Corporation Act.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"text": "| {{|Sheriff and Sheriff Clerk of Chancery (Scotland) Act 1854|public|72|31-07-1854|archived=n|An Act to provide for Payment of the Salaries of the Sheriff and Sheriff Clerk of Chancery in Scotland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"text": "| {{|Bankers (Scotland) Act 1854|note1=|public|73|31-07-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts for the Regulation of Joint Stock Banks in Scotland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"text": "| {{|Reformatory Schools (Scotland) Act 1854|note1=|public|74|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to render Reformatory and Industrial Schools in Scotland more available for the Benefit of Vagrant Children.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"text": "| {{|Acknowledgement of Deeds by Married Women Act 1854|public|75|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to remove Doubts concerning the due Acknowledgment of Deeds by Married Women in certain Cases.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"text": "| {{|Convict Prisons (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=or the Convict Prisons Act 1854|public|76|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Formation, Regulation, and Government of Convict Prisons in Ireland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"text": "| {{|Government of India Act 1854|note1=|public|77|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Mode of passing Letters Patent and other Acts of the Crown relating to India, and for vesting certain Powers in the Governor General of India in Council.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"text": "| {{|Admiralty Court Act 1854|note1=or the Court of Admiralty Act 1854|public|78|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to appoint Persons to administer Oaths, and to substitute Stamps in lieu of Fees, and for other Purposes, in the High Court of Admiralty of England.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"text": "| {{|Sale of Beer Act 1854|note1=or the Sale of Beer, etc. Act 1854|public|79|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for further regulating the Sale of Beer and other Liquors on the Lord's Day.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"text": "| {{|Registration of Births, Deaths, and Marriages (Scotland) Act 1854|note1=|public|80|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to provide for the better Registration of Births, Deaths^ and Marriages in Scotland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"text": "| {{|Oxford University Act 1854|note1=or the Oxford University Reform Act 1854or the University Reform Act 1854|public|81|07-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for the good Government and Extension of the University of Oxford, of the Colleges therein, and of the College of Saint Mary Winchester.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"text": "| {{|Court of Chancery of Lancaster Act 1854|note1=|public|82|07-08-1854|archived=n|An Act further to improve the Administration of Justice in the Court of Chancery of the County Palatine of Lancaster.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"text": "| {{|Stamp Act 1854|note1=or Stamp Duties Act 1854|public|83|10-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Stamp Duties.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"text": "| {{|Augmentation of Benefices Act 1854|note1=|public|84|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to extend the Provisions of the Acts for the Augmentation of Benefices.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"text": "| {{|Land, Assessed, and Income Taxes Act 1854|public|85|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for better securing the collecting and accounting for the Land Tax, Assessed Taxes^ and Income Tax by the Collectors thereof.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"text": "| {{|Youthful Offenders Act 1854|note1=or the Youthful Offenders, Great Britain Act 1854|public|86|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for the better Care and Reformation of Youthful Offenders in Great Britain.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"text": "| {{|Burial Act 1854|public|87|10-08-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for the Burial of the Dead in England beyond the Limits of the Metropolis.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1892) }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"text": "| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1854|public|88|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to render valid certain Marriages of British Subjects in Mexico.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"text": "| {{|Spirits (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=|public|89|10-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws for the better Prevention of the Sale of Spirits by unlicenced Persons, and for the Suppression of illicit Distillation, in Ireland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"text": "| {{|Usury Laws Repeal Act 1854|note1=|public|90|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to repeal the Laws relating to Usury, and to the Enrolment of Annuities.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"text": "| {{|Lands Valuation (Scotland) Act 1854|note1=|public|91|10-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the Valuation of Lands and Heritages in Scotland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"text": "| {{|Crime and Outrage (Ireland) Act 1854|public|92|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the Eleventh Year of Her present Majesty, for the better Prevention of Crime and Outrage in certain Parts of Ireland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"text": "| {{|Duchy of Cornwall Office Act 1854|public|93|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for the Exchange of the Office in Somerset House of the Duchy of Cornwall for an Office to be erected in Pimlico on the Hereditary Possessions of the Crown.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"text": "| {{|Public Revenue and Consolidated Fund Charges Act 1854|note1=|public|94|10-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to alter the Mode of providing for certain Expenses now charged upon certain Branches of the Public Revenues and upon the Consolidated Fund.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Act 1854|public|95|10-08-1854|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"text": "| {{|Gold and Silver Wares Act 1854|note1=|public|96|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for allowing Gold Wares to be manufactured at a lower Standard than that now allowed by Law, and to amend the Law relating to the assaying of Gold and Silver Wares.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"text": "| {{|Inclosure Act 1854|note1=|public|97|10-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and extend the Acts for the Inclosure, Exchange, and Improvement of Land.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"text": "| {{|Parochial Schoolmaster (Scotland) Act 1854|public|98|10-08-1854|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"text": "| {{|National Gallery of Ireland Act 1854|public|99|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Establishment of a National Gallery of Paintings, Sculpture, and the Fine Arts, for the Care of a Public Library, and the Erection of a Public Museum, in Dublin.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"text": "| {{|Court of Chancery Act 1854|public|100|10-08-1854|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"text": "| {{|Friendly Societies Act 1854|public|101|10-08-1854|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"text": "| {{|Corrupt Practices Prevention Act 1854|note1=|public|102|10-08-1854|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"text": "| {{|Towns Improvement (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=|public|103|10-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to make better Provision for the paving, lighting, draining, cleansing, supplying with Water, and Regulation of Towns in Ireland.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"text": "| {{|Merchant Shipping Act 1854|public|104|10-08-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and consolidate the Acts relating to Merchant Shipping.|note4=(Repealed by Merchant Shipping Act 1894) }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"text": "| {{|Militia Law Amendment Act 1854|note1=|public|105|11-08-1854|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Militia in England and Wales.|note4=(Repealed by Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921) }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"text": "| {{|Militia (Scotland) Act 1854|note1=|public|106|11-08-1854|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921) }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"text": "| {{|Militia (Ireland) Act 1854|note1=|public|107|11-08-1854|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921) }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"text": "| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1854|public|108|11-08-1854|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"text": "| {{|Militia Pay Act 1854|public|109|11-08-1854|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"text": "| {{|Advances to County of Mayo Act 1854|public|110|11-08-1854|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"text": "| {{|Metropolitan Sewers Act 1854|public|111|11-08-1854|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"text": "| {{|Literary and Scientific Institutions Act 1854|note1=|public|112|11-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to afford greater Facilities for the Establishment of Institutions for the Promotion of Literature and Science and the Fine Arts, and to provide for their better Regulation.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"text": "| {{|Real Estate Charges Act 1854|note1=|public|113|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Administration of the Estates of deceased Persons.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"text": "| {{|University of London Medical Graduates Act 1854|note1=|public|114|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to extend the Rights enjoyed by the Graduates of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge in respect to the Practice of Physic to the Graduates of the University of London.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"text": "| {{|Removal of Prisoners in Custody Act 1854|public|115|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relative to the Removal of Prisoners in Custody.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"text": "| {{|Episcopal and Capitular Estates Act 1854|note1=|public|116|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to continue and amend an Act to facilitate the Management and Improvement of Episcopal and Capitular Estates in England.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"text": "| {{|West Indian Incumbered Estates Act 1854|note1=|public|117|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to facilitate the Sale and Transfer of Incumbered Estates in the West Indies.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"text": "| {{|Commonwealth Legislative Council for Canada Act 1854|public|118|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to empower the Legislature of Canada to alter the Constitution of the Legislative Council for that Province, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"text": "| {{|Bankruptcy Act 1854|note1=|public|119|11-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for regulating Appointments to Offices in the Court of Bankruptcy, and for amending the Laws relating to Bankrupts.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"text": "| {{|Merchant Shipping Repeal Act 1854|note1=|public|120|11-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to repeal certain Acts and Parts of Acts relating to Merchant Shipping, and to continue certain Provisions in the said Acts.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"text": "| {{|Appropriation Act 1854|public|121|12-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to apply a Sum out of the Consolidated Fund and certain other Sums to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-four, and to appropriate the Supplies granted in this Session of Parliament.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"text": "| {{|Customs Act 1854|public|122|12-08-1854|archived=n|An Act for the further Alteration and Amendment of the Laws and Duties of Customs.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"text": "| {{|Russian Government Securities Act 1854|public|123|12-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to render any Dealing with Securities issued during the present War between Russia and England by the Russian Government a Misdemeanor.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"text": "| {{|Midland Great Western Railway Act 1854|public|124|12-08-1854|archived=n|An Act to settle the Contribution to be made by certain Baronies in Roscommon and Galway and the County of the Town of Galway to the Midland Great Western Railway of Ireland Company.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"text": "| {{|Common Law Procedure Act 1854|note1=|public|125|12-08-1854|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the further Amendment of the Process, Practice, and Mode of Pleading in and enlarging the Jurisdiction of the Superior Courts of Common Law at Westminster, and of the Superior Courts of Common Law of the Counties Palatine of Lancaster and Durham.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"text": "}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Middleton Gas Act 1854|local|1|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"text": "| {{|Birmingham and Midland Institute Act 1854|local|91|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"text": "| {{|Borough of Yeovil Extension and Improvement Act 1854|note1=or the Borough of Yeovil Extension Act 1854|local|125|03-07-1854|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the Regulation of the Municipal Corporation of the Borough of Yeovil in the County of Somerset, and for the Extension of the Boundaries of the said Borough, and for the Improvement of the said Borough.}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"text": "| {{|Great Western, Birmingham and Chester Railways Act 1854|local|222|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"text": "}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Sir William Milborne Swinnerton's Name Act 1854|private|1|16-06-1854|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n| }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"text": "| {{|Fleming's Estate Act 1854|private|2|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"text": "| {{|Violetta Masters' Estate Act 1854|private|3|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"text": "| {{|Henry Smith's Charity Estate Act 1854|private|4|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"text": "| {{|Thornhill's Estate Act 1854|private|5|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"text": "| {{|William Green's Estate Act 1854|private|6|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"text": "| {{|Wyndham's Estate Act 1854|private|7|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"text": "| {{|Fowler's Estate Act 1854|private|8|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"text": "| {{|Woking Commoners Act 1854|private|9|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"text": "| {{|Davies's Estate Act 1854|private|10|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"text": "| {{|Landon's Estate Act 1854|private|11|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"text": "| {{|Aberdeen Shoemakers Incorporation Act 1854|private|12|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"text": "| {{|Ward's Estate Act 1854|private|13|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"text": "| {{|Darby Estate Act 1854|private|14|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"text": "| {{|Jenkins's Estate Act 1854|private|15|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"text": "| {{|Wilkinson's Estate Act 1854|private|16|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"text": "| {{|Merton College Estate Act 1854|private|17|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"text": "| {{|Mitford's Estate Act 1854|private|18|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"text": "| {{|Blervie Estate Act 1854|private|19|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"text": "| {{|Stainforth's Estate Act 1854|private|20|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"text": "| {{|Sir Gilbert Stirling's Estate Act 1854|private|21|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"text": "| {{|Thornhill's Copyhold Estate Act 1854|private|22|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"text": "| {{|Saint Catherine's Parish (Dublin) Estates Act 1854|private|23|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"text": "| {{|Stockport Rectory Division Act 1854|private|24|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"text": "| {{|Earl of Harrington's Estate Act 1854|private|25|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"text": "| {{|Lord Willoughby de Broke's Estate Act 1854|private|26|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n| }}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"text": "| {{|Thomas Sewell's Estate Act 1854|private|27|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"text": "| {{|Earl of Eglinton's Estate Act 1854|private|28|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"text": "| {{|Staveley's Estate Act 1854|private|29|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"text": "| {{|Peel's Estate Act 1854|private|30|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"text": "| {{|Hornyold's Estate Act 1854|private|31|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"text": "| {{|Park's Estate Act 1854|private|32|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"text": "| {{|Petre Estate Act 1854|private|33|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"text": "| {{|Mowbrick Estate Partition Act 1854|private|34|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"text": "| {{|Bradford Vicarage Estate Act 1854|private|35|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"text": "| {{|Baron De L'Isle and Dudley's Estate Act 1854|private|36|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"text": "| {{|Worsley's Estate Act 1854|private|37|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"text": "| {{|Adlington Estate Act 1854|private|38|31-01-1854|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"text": "| {{|Relief of Lord Lovat Act 1854|note1=|private|39|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"text": "| {{|Richard Caton's Divorce Act 1854|note1=|private|40|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"text": "| {{|Henry Stocker's Divorce Act 1854|note1=|private|41|31-01-1854|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"text": "}}",
"title": "17 & 18 Vict."
}
] | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1854. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland. For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations. Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896. | 2023-12-08T00:02:58Z | 2023-12-11T09:41:05Z | [
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75,511,335 | Mandatory Reality | Mandatory Reality is a 2019 album by guimbri player Joshua Abrams and the Natural Information Society.
Featuring two long pieces totalling over an hour in duration, followed by two shorter works, the album was recorded on June 11, 2017, at Electrical Audio in Chicago, with each piece captured as a single take. It was released in 2019 on vinyl and CD by Eremite Records, based in the United States, and on vinyl by Aguirre Records, a Belgian label. On the album, Abrams is joined by saxophonist Nick Mazzarella, bass clarinetist Jason Stein, cornetist Ben Lamar Gay, pianist Ben Boye, harmonium player Lisa Alvarado, and percussionists Mikel Patrick Avery and Hamid Drake.
In an interview with Jason P. Woodbury of Aquarium Drunkard, Abrams suggested that the music attempts to combine aspects of jazz and minimalism. He commented: "You often see collaborations between various figures—Don Cherry and Terry Riley, Harold Budd and Marion Brown. It's kind of shining a light on those connections, which are for whatever reason considered a little more separate." Regarding the longer pieces, he stated that they "give the musicians the opportunity to slow down, to try and take the approach of savoring what we're building together... If we can get to that space, you notice the focus broadens and zooms in at the same time."
In a review for DownBeat, Aaron Cohen stated that the musicians know "how much power comes through movements that might at first appear sparse, but take on stunning resonance with each added layer.... they emphasize minimalism over complex harmonic changes and favor a series of subtle sonic shifts over virtuoso solos."
Giovanni Russonello of The New York Times singled out the track titled "In Memory's Prism" for praise, writing: "It all has the implacable momentum of migration, or the feeling of a big new idea just coming into being. At the very least, it will put your mind in a place of peaceful wandering; by the end, you're likely to wind up deep in your own imagination, remembering or inventing a story of your own."
Commenting on the second track, "Finite," The Washington Post's Chris Richards noted: "Abrams gently draws his seven comrades... into a groove that instantly feels like it's spinning, but with enchanted slowness... all of this is being done with human hands and human breath. No electricity. It's beautiful."
Writing for Jazzwise, Daniel Spicer called the music "spiritually charged ecstatic minimalism," and remarked: "Sincere, serious and deeply transporting in equal measure, Mandatory Reality deserves your attention."
Pitchfork's Andy Beta described "In Memory's Prism" as "exquisitely slow, like tai chi or a record played back at 16 rpm," and wrote: "It's so languid that you feel not so much like you are listening to a band so much as walking among them... The music moves so slowly as to impart the notion that this sense of pause, of dilated attention, might itself be the mandatory reality, rather than the one that clutters our waking lives from every possible angle."
Spyros Stasis of PopMatters noted the presence of a "constant process of transformation" in the music, and stated: "As the ensemble moves from one track to the next, it feels like they are discovering something new about their compositions and ideas each time. It is this simple fact that makes Mandatory Reality such an enticing listen."
In an article for Aquarium Drunkard, Jason P. Woodbury commented: "the sense of possibility, space, and most importantly, freedom, makes Mandatory Reality feel like a balm in our hyperspeed times. We often don't allow ourselves the luxury of experiencing individual, focused moments. The music Abrams seeks to create not only celebrates the possibility of focus, but widens and expands its boundaries."
Composer Ben Vida described the album as "the sound of people together, doing something in real time that takes time to do." He remarked: "for as much hypnotic beauty as there is in this music, there is also something charged with risk—something that manifests from inexactitude, from not making corrections, and from the complete live studio take. This is the sustained breath of time shared and ceremony invoked."
Nilan Perera of Exclaim! wrote: "The music itself is measured and takes its time to breath in layered meters... While this release really doesn't break any boundaries, it's beautiful and doesn't demand much more than good feelings. In these times, that's no small thing."
Las Vegas Weekly's Spencer Patterson included the recording in a list of his favorite albums of the past 20 years, and stated: "Tones, glorious tones, at the nexus of jazz and drone. One can get so deeply lost in this."
Commenting for Point of Departure, Stuart Broomer noted: "Development... is incremental, sometimes microscopic; band and listener alike are drawn ever further into repeated rhythmic figures... When solos emerge... they rise through the network of patterns, barely varying it... it's illuminating work, seemingly eroding barriers between self and other, creating a kind of bliss. In listening to these piece, subjective experience expands, while the objectively describable manifestation of the music contracts to the vaguest description." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mandatory Reality is a 2019 album by guimbri player Joshua Abrams and the Natural Information Society.",
"title": ""
},
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Featuring two long pieces totalling over an hour in duration, followed by two shorter works, the album was recorded on June 11, 2017, at Electrical Audio in Chicago, with each piece captured as a single take. It was released in 2019 on vinyl and CD by Eremite Records, based in the United States, and on vinyl by Aguirre Records, a Belgian label. On the album, Abrams is joined by saxophonist Nick Mazzarella, bass clarinetist Jason Stein, cornetist Ben Lamar Gay, pianist Ben Boye, harmonium player Lisa Alvarado, and percussionists Mikel Patrick Avery and Hamid Drake.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In an interview with Jason P. Woodbury of Aquarium Drunkard, Abrams suggested that the music attempts to combine aspects of jazz and minimalism. He commented: \"You often see collaborations between various figures—Don Cherry and Terry Riley, Harold Budd and Marion Brown. It's kind of shining a light on those connections, which are for whatever reason considered a little more separate.\" Regarding the longer pieces, he stated that they \"give the musicians the opportunity to slow down, to try and take the approach of savoring what we're building together... If we can get to that space, you notice the focus broadens and zooms in at the same time.\"",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In a review for DownBeat, Aaron Cohen stated that the musicians know \"how much power comes through movements that might at first appear sparse, but take on stunning resonance with each added layer.... they emphasize minimalism over complex harmonic changes and favor a series of subtle sonic shifts over virtuoso solos.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Giovanni Russonello of The New York Times singled out the track titled \"In Memory's Prism\" for praise, writing: \"It all has the implacable momentum of migration, or the feeling of a big new idea just coming into being. At the very least, it will put your mind in a place of peaceful wandering; by the end, you're likely to wind up deep in your own imagination, remembering or inventing a story of your own.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Commenting on the second track, \"Finite,\" The Washington Post's Chris Richards noted: \"Abrams gently draws his seven comrades... into a groove that instantly feels like it's spinning, but with enchanted slowness... all of this is being done with human hands and human breath. No electricity. It's beautiful.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Writing for Jazzwise, Daniel Spicer called the music \"spiritually charged ecstatic minimalism,\" and remarked: \"Sincere, serious and deeply transporting in equal measure, Mandatory Reality deserves your attention.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Pitchfork's Andy Beta described \"In Memory's Prism\" as \"exquisitely slow, like tai chi or a record played back at 16 rpm,\" and wrote: \"It's so languid that you feel not so much like you are listening to a band so much as walking among them... The music moves so slowly as to impart the notion that this sense of pause, of dilated attention, might itself be the mandatory reality, rather than the one that clutters our waking lives from every possible angle.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Spyros Stasis of PopMatters noted the presence of a \"constant process of transformation\" in the music, and stated: \"As the ensemble moves from one track to the next, it feels like they are discovering something new about their compositions and ideas each time. It is this simple fact that makes Mandatory Reality such an enticing listen.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In an article for Aquarium Drunkard, Jason P. Woodbury commented: \"the sense of possibility, space, and most importantly, freedom, makes Mandatory Reality feel like a balm in our hyperspeed times. We often don't allow ourselves the luxury of experiencing individual, focused moments. The music Abrams seeks to create not only celebrates the possibility of focus, but widens and expands its boundaries.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Composer Ben Vida described the album as \"the sound of people together, doing something in real time that takes time to do.\" He remarked: \"for as much hypnotic beauty as there is in this music, there is also something charged with risk—something that manifests from inexactitude, from not making corrections, and from the complete live studio take. This is the sustained breath of time shared and ceremony invoked.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Nilan Perera of Exclaim! wrote: \"The music itself is measured and takes its time to breath in layered meters... While this release really doesn't break any boundaries, it's beautiful and doesn't demand much more than good feelings. In these times, that's no small thing.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Las Vegas Weekly's Spencer Patterson included the recording in a list of his favorite albums of the past 20 years, and stated: \"Tones, glorious tones, at the nexus of jazz and drone. One can get so deeply lost in this.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Commenting for Point of Departure, Stuart Broomer noted: \"Development... is incremental, sometimes microscopic; band and listener alike are drawn ever further into repeated rhythmic figures... When solos emerge... they rise through the network of patterns, barely varying it... it's illuminating work, seemingly eroding barriers between self and other, creating a kind of bliss. In listening to these piece, subjective experience expands, while the objectively describable manifestation of the music contracts to the vaguest description.\"",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Mandatory Reality is a 2019 album by guimbri player Joshua Abrams and the Natural Information Society. | 2023-12-08T00:05:35Z | 2023-12-30T23:53:27Z | [
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75,511,348 | 4-Bromofentanyl | 4-Bromofentanyl (para-Bromofentanyl) is an opioid analgesic drug that is an analog of fentanyl and has been sold as a designer drug, first identified in Pennsylvania in the US in March 2020.
The effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include potent sedation and analgesia, along with side effects such as itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed thousands of people throughout the world since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear. A new wave of fentanyl analogues and associated deaths began in around 2014 in the US, and have continued to grow in prevalence; especially since 2016 these drugs have been responsible for hundreds of overdose deaths every week.
4-Bromofentanyl is a Schedule I controlled drug in the United States under the fentanyl analogue provisions introduced in 2018, despite not being specifically listed in its own right. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "4-Bromofentanyl (para-Bromofentanyl) is an opioid analgesic drug that is an analog of fentanyl and has been sold as a designer drug, first identified in Pennsylvania in the US in March 2020.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The effects of fentanyl analogs are similar to those of fentanyl itself, which include potent sedation and analgesia, along with side effects such as itching, nausea and potentially serious respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. Fentanyl analogs have killed thousands of people throughout the world since the most recent resurgence in use began in Estonia in the early 2000s, and novel derivatives continue to appear. A new wave of fentanyl analogues and associated deaths began in around 2014 in the US, and have continued to grow in prevalence; especially since 2016 these drugs have been responsible for hundreds of overdose deaths every week.",
"title": "Effects"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "4-Bromofentanyl is a Schedule I controlled drug in the United States under the fentanyl analogue provisions introduced in 2018, despite not being specifically listed in its own right.",
"title": "Legal status"
}
] | 4-Bromofentanyl (para-Bromofentanyl) is an opioid analgesic drug that is an analog of fentanyl and has been sold as a designer drug, first identified in Pennsylvania in the US in March 2020. | 2023-12-08T00:08:22Z | 2023-12-10T16:24:15Z | [
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75,511,353 | Diabolik: Who Are You? | Diabolik: Who Are You? (Italian: Diabolik chi sei?) is a 2023 Italian crime action film film directed by the Manetti Bros. and based on the 1968 Diabolik comic strip Diabolik, chi sei? by Angela and Luciana Giussani. It premiered at the Rome Film Festival on 10 October 2023 before receiving a theatrical release in Italy on 30 November 2023. It follows the events of the 2021 film Diabolik and the 2022 film Diabolik: Ginko Attacks!.
After being captured by a criminal gang, Diabolik tells Ginko about his past while Eva Kant and Altea search for them.
Filming took place in late 2022 in Trieste, Palmi, and Dino.
The film premiered at the Rome Film Festival on 10 October 2023. It later received a theatrical release in Italy on 30 November 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Diabolik: Who Are You? (Italian: Diabolik chi sei?) is a 2023 Italian crime action film film directed by the Manetti Bros. and based on the 1968 Diabolik comic strip Diabolik, chi sei? by Angela and Luciana Giussani. It premiered at the Rome Film Festival on 10 October 2023 before receiving a theatrical release in Italy on 30 November 2023. It follows the events of the 2021 film Diabolik and the 2022 film Diabolik: Ginko Attacks!.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "After being captured by a criminal gang, Diabolik tells Ginko about his past while Eva Kant and Altea search for them.",
"title": "Premise"
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"text": "Filming took place in late 2022 in Trieste, Palmi, and Dino.",
"title": "Production"
},
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"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The film premiered at the Rome Film Festival on 10 October 2023. It later received a theatrical release in Italy on 30 November 2023.",
"title": "Release"
}
] | Diabolik: Who Are You? is a 2023 Italian crime action film film directed by the Manetti Bros. and based on the 1968 Diabolik comic strip Diabolik, chi sei? by Angela and Luciana Giussani. It premiered at the Rome Film Festival on 10 October 2023 before receiving a theatrical release in Italy on 30 November 2023. It follows the events of the 2021 film Diabolik and the 2022 film Diabolik: Ginko Attacks!. | 2023-12-08T00:09:02Z | 2023-12-29T01:32:48Z | [
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75,511,361 | Guy Reffitt | Guy Wesley Reffitt is an American convicted criminal who took part in the United States Capitol attack on January 6, 2021. He was a member of the Three Percenters and was the first defendant to be convicted for the attack.
He was sentenced on August 1, 2022, to 87 months in federal prison with a $2,000 fine and 3 years of supervised release.
Reffitt had three children with his wife, former department store operations manager and stay-at-home mother Nicole; his youngest daughter Peyton, son Jackson, and eldest daughter Sarah. According to members of his family, he once fired a gun at the ground next to his wife.
He began his career as a blue-collar worker on oil rigs, but later worked his way up to be a rig manager, gaining a six-figure salary and moving to Thailand, also working in Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and China. He and his family lived for four years in a condo in Penang, Malaysia where he worked as an oil industry consultant with an annual income of over $200,000. He became interested in Donald Trump at the start of the candidate's first presidential campaign in 2015, expressing interest in his books including Trump: The Art of the Deal.
In 2016 the price of oil collapsed, causing Reffitt to lose his job; the family lived on their savings and returned to Texas later that year to live in Wylie. He began work installing sunrooms. COVID-19 restrictions caused Reffitt's business to shut down in 2020, and he again lost his job. His politics moved further right, and he expressed that the country needed stronger borders and more police resources. He began to spend time with the Three Percenters militia group that summer, and became a member and recruiter before the 2020 U.S. election, hosting an event for the militia's local branch at their home. In contrast, Reffitt's son Jackson became more left wing following the murder of George Floyd that year.
In December 2024, 2020, less than two weeks prior to the riot, Reffitt's son Jackson contacted the FBI to report concerns about his father's behavior and rhetoric; the FBI did not respond until after the riot on January 6, 2021. Reffitt later communicated to his fellow militia members that "the fuel is set" and that "we will strike the match ... on the 6th."
Reffitt drove from his Texas home to Washington D.C. for January 6 with Rocky Hardie, a fellow Three Percenters member. They arrived at the Stop the Steal rally, both armed with holstered handguns, and Reffitt gave Hardie two pairs of zip-tie cuffs. Reffitt also brought an AR-15 rifle but left it locked in his car. He recorded himself stating at the rally that "we’re all gonna drag them motherfuckers out kicking and screaming. I don’t give a shit. I just want to see Pelosi’s head hit every fucking stair on the way out. Fuck yeah. And Mitch McConnell, too. Fuck ’em all."
Reffitt, alongside a mob of other rioters, approached the west side of the Capitol building armed with a holstered Smith & Wesson pistol, zip tie handcuff, a helmet with a video camera, and body armor. His camera recorded him stating that they would take over the Capitol "before the day is over." He used a megaphone to shout at police to let the mob through and for the mob to push past them. An officer pepper sprayed him in the face, and he stayed back while waving other rioters on; these rioters later breached the building; he chose not to enter the building himself.
Following the attack, Reffitt texted to a fellow Three Percenters member "we took the Capital of the United States of America and we will do it again". He returned to Texas the following day. Jackson also recorded his father boasting about his role in the riot on his mobile phone. Reffitt threatened his son Jackson, and daughter Peyton, aged 18 and 16 at the time respectively, that "if you turn me in, you're a traitor, and traitors get shot." Jackson met with an FBI agent on the same day to share text messages and recordings of his private conversations with Reffitt.
Reffitt was arrested in the morning of January 16 when the FBI raided their house following Jackson's report, and jailed for approximately 19 months following the attack. The FBI found a handgun in a holster in his bedroom during a search of his home. During his time in jail, he raised funds by publishing statements as well as a manifesto he had dictated to his family by phone, portraying himself and other rioters as patriots rebelling against the U.S. government. Jackson was interviewed on CNN the next week, stating that he had alerted the authorities of his father; he had moved out of the house and largely cut off communications with his family just before the interview as they had not known of this detail before the interview. Following the interview Jackson set up a GoFundMe account, generating around $158,000 from then until the trial in March 2022. Peyton later moved in with her older sister due to frequent panic attacks caused by the family falling out.
Reffitt was convicted on March 8, 2022, the first defendant to be convicted by a jury for the attack. The conviction followed a three-hour deliberation in which he pleaded not guilty. During the trial, the prosecution argued that Reffitt "lit the match that started the fire" for the mob to charge at officers in the attack. He did not testify at the trial, and was convicted on all five counts in his indictment; two counts of civil disorder, and one count each of obstructing an official proceeding, entering and remaining in a restricted building or grounds with a firearm, and obstruction of justice. The ruling was considered a "milestone victory" by prosecutors as it indicated a trend for other Capitol riot cases.
He was returned to the D.C. Jail, and became a close friend of fellow rioter and Oath Keepers member Jessica Watkins while there through a shared enjoyment of Magic: The Gathering. During this time he became convinced of the false belief that law enforcement staged the riot to entrap protesters.
Judge Dabney L. Friedrich presided over his trial. His two youngest children testified, with Jackson speaking about the threats he received and Peyton stating he was "not a threat to my family," and that his mental health was a "real issue." Reffitt himself apologised to the police and his family, stating that he had been "a little too crazy," and to the judge for his previous inarticulate statements, stating he wanted "nothing to do with this stuff anymore." The federal prosecutor for the case initially requested a 15-year prison sentence via an upward departure for terrorism (the first time this had been requested for a capitol riot case), claiming that Reffitt was a domestic terrorist and that he wanted to physically remove and replace Congress members. Friedrich rejected this. Clinton Broden, Reffitt's defense, asked for a sentence of no more than two years. Reffitt was sentenced on August 1, 2022, to 7 years and three months in federal prison with a $2,000 fine and 3 years of supervised release; at the time, this was the longest sentence imposed up to that point among the Capitol riot cases, beating the previous longest sentence by two years. Friedrich also ordered him to receive mental health treatment, and instructed him not to contact Three Percenters members or members of other militia groups while on probation.
As of September 2023, Reffitt was being temporarily held in Fannin County jail in Bonham, Texas. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Guy Wesley Reffitt is an American convicted criminal who took part in the United States Capitol attack on January 6, 2021. He was a member of the Three Percenters and was the first defendant to be convicted for the attack.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He was sentenced on August 1, 2022, to 87 months in federal prison with a $2,000 fine and 3 years of supervised release.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Reffitt had three children with his wife, former department store operations manager and stay-at-home mother Nicole; his youngest daughter Peyton, son Jackson, and eldest daughter Sarah. According to members of his family, he once fired a gun at the ground next to his wife.",
"title": "Career and politics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "He began his career as a blue-collar worker on oil rigs, but later worked his way up to be a rig manager, gaining a six-figure salary and moving to Thailand, also working in Saudi Arabia, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and China. He and his family lived for four years in a condo in Penang, Malaysia where he worked as an oil industry consultant with an annual income of over $200,000. He became interested in Donald Trump at the start of the candidate's first presidential campaign in 2015, expressing interest in his books including Trump: The Art of the Deal.",
"title": "Career and politics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2016 the price of oil collapsed, causing Reffitt to lose his job; the family lived on their savings and returned to Texas later that year to live in Wylie. He began work installing sunrooms. COVID-19 restrictions caused Reffitt's business to shut down in 2020, and he again lost his job. His politics moved further right, and he expressed that the country needed stronger borders and more police resources. He began to spend time with the Three Percenters militia group that summer, and became a member and recruiter before the 2020 U.S. election, hosting an event for the militia's local branch at their home. In contrast, Reffitt's son Jackson became more left wing following the murder of George Floyd that year.",
"title": "Career and politics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In December 2024, 2020, less than two weeks prior to the riot, Reffitt's son Jackson contacted the FBI to report concerns about his father's behavior and rhetoric; the FBI did not respond until after the riot on January 6, 2021. Reffitt later communicated to his fellow militia members that \"the fuel is set\" and that \"we will strike the match ... on the 6th.\"",
"title": "January 6 United States Capitol attack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Reffitt drove from his Texas home to Washington D.C. for January 6 with Rocky Hardie, a fellow Three Percenters member. They arrived at the Stop the Steal rally, both armed with holstered handguns, and Reffitt gave Hardie two pairs of zip-tie cuffs. Reffitt also brought an AR-15 rifle but left it locked in his car. He recorded himself stating at the rally that \"we’re all gonna drag them motherfuckers out kicking and screaming. I don’t give a shit. I just want to see Pelosi’s head hit every fucking stair on the way out. Fuck yeah. And Mitch McConnell, too. Fuck ’em all.\"",
"title": "January 6 United States Capitol attack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Reffitt, alongside a mob of other rioters, approached the west side of the Capitol building armed with a holstered Smith & Wesson pistol, zip tie handcuff, a helmet with a video camera, and body armor. His camera recorded him stating that they would take over the Capitol \"before the day is over.\" He used a megaphone to shout at police to let the mob through and for the mob to push past them. An officer pepper sprayed him in the face, and he stayed back while waving other rioters on; these rioters later breached the building; he chose not to enter the building himself.",
"title": "January 6 United States Capitol attack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Following the attack, Reffitt texted to a fellow Three Percenters member \"we took the Capital of the United States of America and we will do it again\". He returned to Texas the following day. Jackson also recorded his father boasting about his role in the riot on his mobile phone. Reffitt threatened his son Jackson, and daughter Peyton, aged 18 and 16 at the time respectively, that \"if you turn me in, you're a traitor, and traitors get shot.\" Jackson met with an FBI agent on the same day to share text messages and recordings of his private conversations with Reffitt.",
"title": "January 6 United States Capitol attack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Reffitt was arrested in the morning of January 16 when the FBI raided their house following Jackson's report, and jailed for approximately 19 months following the attack. The FBI found a handgun in a holster in his bedroom during a search of his home. During his time in jail, he raised funds by publishing statements as well as a manifesto he had dictated to his family by phone, portraying himself and other rioters as patriots rebelling against the U.S. government. Jackson was interviewed on CNN the next week, stating that he had alerted the authorities of his father; he had moved out of the house and largely cut off communications with his family just before the interview as they had not known of this detail before the interview. Following the interview Jackson set up a GoFundMe account, generating around $158,000 from then until the trial in March 2022. Peyton later moved in with her older sister due to frequent panic attacks caused by the family falling out.",
"title": "January 6 United States Capitol attack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Reffitt was convicted on March 8, 2022, the first defendant to be convicted by a jury for the attack. The conviction followed a three-hour deliberation in which he pleaded not guilty. During the trial, the prosecution argued that Reffitt \"lit the match that started the fire\" for the mob to charge at officers in the attack. He did not testify at the trial, and was convicted on all five counts in his indictment; two counts of civil disorder, and one count each of obstructing an official proceeding, entering and remaining in a restricted building or grounds with a firearm, and obstruction of justice. The ruling was considered a \"milestone victory\" by prosecutors as it indicated a trend for other Capitol riot cases.",
"title": "January 6 United States Capitol attack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "He was returned to the D.C. Jail, and became a close friend of fellow rioter and Oath Keepers member Jessica Watkins while there through a shared enjoyment of Magic: The Gathering. During this time he became convinced of the false belief that law enforcement staged the riot to entrap protesters.",
"title": "January 6 United States Capitol attack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Judge Dabney L. Friedrich presided over his trial. His two youngest children testified, with Jackson speaking about the threats he received and Peyton stating he was \"not a threat to my family,\" and that his mental health was a \"real issue.\" Reffitt himself apologised to the police and his family, stating that he had been \"a little too crazy,\" and to the judge for his previous inarticulate statements, stating he wanted \"nothing to do with this stuff anymore.\" The federal prosecutor for the case initially requested a 15-year prison sentence via an upward departure for terrorism (the first time this had been requested for a capitol riot case), claiming that Reffitt was a domestic terrorist and that he wanted to physically remove and replace Congress members. Friedrich rejected this. Clinton Broden, Reffitt's defense, asked for a sentence of no more than two years. Reffitt was sentenced on August 1, 2022, to 7 years and three months in federal prison with a $2,000 fine and 3 years of supervised release; at the time, this was the longest sentence imposed up to that point among the Capitol riot cases, beating the previous longest sentence by two years. Friedrich also ordered him to receive mental health treatment, and instructed him not to contact Three Percenters members or members of other militia groups while on probation.",
"title": "January 6 United States Capitol attack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "As of September 2023, Reffitt was being temporarily held in Fannin County jail in Bonham, Texas.",
"title": "January 6 United States Capitol attack"
}
] | Guy Wesley Reffitt is an American convicted criminal who took part in the United States Capitol attack on January 6, 2021. He was a member of the Three Percenters and was the first defendant to be convicted for the attack. He was sentenced on August 1, 2022, to 87 months in federal prison with a $2,000 fine and 3 years of supervised release. | 2023-12-08T00:11:19Z | 2023-12-27T00:16:07Z | [
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75,511,364 | 2023 Guyana helicopter crash | On 6 December, in the midst of the 2023 Guayana Esequiba crisis, a Guyana Defence Force (GDF) Bell 412 helicopter en-route from Georgetown to Arau, crashed. It carried a crew of three and four passengers. The crash marked the deadliest incident in Guyana's military history.
The GDF Bell helicopter took off from Georgetown-Camp Ayanganna at 08:00.
Under the command of Col. Michael Shahoud, Commander of the 1st Infantry Battalion, the helicopter was bound for a military outpost in Arau, situated on the Venezuelan border, to survey GDF defenses in the area, bolstered as a result of the December 2023 Venezuelan Esequiba referendum. The army helicopter was piloted by Lt. Col. Michael Charles, with forty years experience.
At 11:00, the Bell helicopter stopped for refueling at Olive Creek airport, located in central Esequiba.
Contact was lost at 11:20, approximately 30 miles east of Arau, near the hamlet of Ekereku, in a mountainous area with dense jungle.
The GDF deployed a Short SC.7 Skyvan to assist in the search. The US assisted in search and rescue operations on 7 December.
On 7 December, at 14:30, the crashed helicopter was found. Five of the seen on-board were found dead, with two survivors; Corporal Dwayne Jackson and Lieutenant Colonel Andio Michaeal Crawford (Special Forces Squadron).
The crash is notable for its high-ranking crew and passengers.
Guyanan authorities ruled out a Venezuelan attack, according to Brig. Gen. Omar Khan. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "On 6 December, in the midst of the 2023 Guayana Esequiba crisis, a Guyana Defence Force (GDF) Bell 412 helicopter en-route from Georgetown to Arau, crashed. It carried a crew of three and four passengers. The crash marked the deadliest incident in Guyana's military history.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The GDF Bell helicopter took off from Georgetown-Camp Ayanganna at 08:00.",
"title": "Crash"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Under the command of Col. Michael Shahoud, Commander of the 1st Infantry Battalion, the helicopter was bound for a military outpost in Arau, situated on the Venezuelan border, to survey GDF defenses in the area, bolstered as a result of the December 2023 Venezuelan Esequiba referendum. The army helicopter was piloted by Lt. Col. Michael Charles, with forty years experience.",
"title": "Crash"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "At 11:00, the Bell helicopter stopped for refueling at Olive Creek airport, located in central Esequiba.",
"title": "Crash"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Contact was lost at 11:20, approximately 30 miles east of Arau, near the hamlet of Ekereku, in a mountainous area with dense jungle.",
"title": "Crash"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The GDF deployed a Short SC.7 Skyvan to assist in the search. The US assisted in search and rescue operations on 7 December.",
"title": "Search and Rescue"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On 7 December, at 14:30, the crashed helicopter was found. Five of the seen on-board were found dead, with two survivors; Corporal Dwayne Jackson and Lieutenant Colonel Andio Michaeal Crawford (Special Forces Squadron).",
"title": "Search and Rescue"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The crash is notable for its high-ranking crew and passengers.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Guyanan authorities ruled out a Venezuelan attack, according to Brig. Gen. Omar Khan.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | On 6 December, in the midst of the 2023 Guayana Esequiba crisis, a Guyana Defence Force (GDF) Bell 412 helicopter en-route from Georgetown to Arau, crashed. It carried a crew of three and four passengers. The crash marked the deadliest incident in Guyana's military history. | 2023-12-08T00:12:09Z | 2023-12-08T00:54:16Z | [
"Template:Infobox aircraft occurrence",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Guyana_helicopter_crash |
75,511,376 | 1991 Nutri-Metics Bendon Classic – Doubles | Natalia Medvedeva and Leila Meskhi were the defending champions, but Medvedeva did not compete this year. Meskhi teamed up with Sophie Amiach and lost in the first round to Jo-Anne Faull and Julie Richardson.
Patty Fendick and Larisa Savchenko won the title by defeating Faull and Richardson 6–3, 6–3 in the final. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Natalia Medvedeva and Leila Meskhi were the defending champions, but Medvedeva did not compete this year. Meskhi teamed up with Sophie Amiach and lost in the first round to Jo-Anne Faull and Julie Richardson.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Patty Fendick and Larisa Savchenko won the title by defeating Faull and Richardson 6–3, 6–3 in the final.",
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] | Natalia Medvedeva and Leila Meskhi were the defending champions, but Medvedeva did not compete this year. Meskhi teamed up with Sophie Amiach and lost in the first round to Jo-Anne Faull and Julie Richardson. Patty Fendick and Larisa Savchenko won the title by defeating Faull and Richardson 6–3, 6–3 in the final. | 2023-12-08T00:14:22Z | 2023-12-08T00:30:33Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Nutri-Metics_Bendon_Classic_%E2%80%93_Doubles |
75,511,378 | The Archive Undying | The Archive Undying is a 2023 science fiction novel by Emma Mieko Candon. It is the first novel in a planned duology entitled The Downworld Sequence.
Many city-states were once ruled by artificial intelligences. AIs were treated as gods; human archivists served as their priests. Over the centuries, many AIs became corrupted and died.
The Harbor, a group of human-run city-states, creates ENGINES cobbled together from pieces of dead AIs. An ENGINE is a mech that requires both an archive and a relic to pilot it. Relics are humans who are interfaced with an AI at the time of its corruption. An archive is a copy of an AI's memories; however, an archive is not sentient and has no self-coherence, requiring a human relic to direct it.
Iterate Fractal is an AI and god of the city-state Khuon Mo. It is corrupted and destroys the city. Sunai is an archivist who becomes a relic as Iterate Fractal dies. He finds that after his resurrection, he is unable to age or be killed. After Iterate Fractal's death, the Harbor is unable to take complete control of Khuon Mo. They share the city with business magnate Madam Wei and her Ginger Company.
Seventeen years later, Sunai works as a salvager. He frequently indulges in alcohol, drugs, and casual sex while hiding from the Harbor. He is hired to join the crew of the salvage rig “Third Scrap”. Sunai has sex with Veyadi Lut, the rig's owner. Veyadi is one of Iterate Fractal's former archivists; Sunai worries that this indiscretion will expose his identity.
Sunai, Veyadi, and their crew explore the ruins of Chom Dan, where Veyadi served as an archivist after Iterate Fractal's death. Nearby, they discover a shrine that is home to an unknown AI. When Sunai tries to interact with the AI, it embeds itself into Sunai's mind and becomes his passenger.
Sunai reunites with Imaru, a former business partner and friend, who advises him on a potential job in Khuon Mo. The Harbor has finally found a way to create an ENGINE from Iterate Fractal's remains. Imaru wants to kill the ENGINE. Sunai and Veyadi join Imaru's rig “Never Once”, which is backed by Madam Wei. Wei plans to kill Iterate Fractal's relics whenever they are discovered; this is to prevent the Harbor from operating the ENGINE and gaining control of the city.
The party confronts Iterate Fractal's ENGINE. The ENGINE is also known as the Maw, as it tends to kill its relics accidentally. The Maw tries to assimilate Sunai, but fails and flees. The party reaches Khuon Mo. They meet Ruhi, one of Sunai's former lovers and a liaison for the Harbor. Sunai learns that Veyadi is also relic of Iterate Fractal. They are the only two surviving relics that can operate the Maw. Sunai realizes that there is no relic controlling the Maw, meaning that it is practically an independent AI. (The Harbor has kept this fact secret, as it goes against their stated anti-AI beliefs).
Imaru helps the Maw merge with Sunai. This kicks the passenger out of Sunai's brain and into Veyadi. The passenger reveals that it is the cause of all AI corruption; it was created by AI themselves as a check against their power. Ruhi has been working with the passenger; he attacks the city and tries to destroy Iterate Fractal's remaining archives. Veyadi and Sunai fight against Ruhi; Sunai bites out his throat and kills him.
Sunai and Veyadi weave the passenger into Ruhi's corpse, imprisoning it. They are both joined to the Maw, two relics sharing one ENGINE while retaining most of their individuality. They hope to keep Khuon Mo safe as the Harbor and remaining AI city-states jockey for control.
According to a review from Kirkus, the story contains interludes narrated by two different AIs, one of which is supposedly dead. These interludes are told in the second person. Additionally, "it's not always possible to tell who is narrating or experiencing various moments of the story, as consciousnesses merge and only incompletely separate."
In an interview published by LitHub, Candon wrote that the Harbor was inspired by Japanese history and her experiences as a fourth generation Japanese-American living in Hawaii. According to Candon, Japan's empire committed "incredible brutalities against China, against the Philippines, in Indonesia, all up and down the East Asian seaboard and down into Southeast Asia." At the same time, Japan's population was traumatized by the dropping of two atomic bombs on their population. In this way, Candon states that "[Japan] suffered, but is also responsible in some cultural regard for carrying the history of the brutalities it visited upon people." Candon writes that the mech genre is also tied to the trauma of World War II. In the novel, she states that "the Harbor and its original city state, all of the language that it uses, is very much Japanese adjacent". Additionally, the Harbor is "this group of people, after suffering one of these corruption events where their AI dies in a terrible way, decide we can never trust these entities again."
Publishers Weekly called the novel's setting "a fascinating if sometimes disorienting world of AI gods, dissolute hermits, and fantastical biotech constructs". The review praised the "emotional thread of trauma, guilt, and grief", while noting that the "elaborate, often evasive style" would be confusing to some readers. Molly Templetone of Tor.com called the novel "immersive and glorious", giving special praise to the complexity of Sunai's role as protagonist. Templeton also wrote that "the world is so densely, incredibly imagined, and tugs the reader along so swiftly, that it can sometimes feel like The Archive Undying is the second book in a series that skipped the first." Despite this criticism, the review concludes by calling The Archive Undying "transformative, lush, and dizzying ... an auspicious start to an intriguing series."
A review for Kirkus called the novel "intriguing but difficult to follow". The review stated that readers may wish for more explanations, and also wrote that there is "some important point being made about the nature of sentience, but it’s not 100% clear what that point is." Writing for the New York Times, author Amal El-Mohtar stated that "undeniably avid and assured intelligence animates the story". Nonetheless, El-Mohtar called the execution "mushy and oblique", stating that "giant robot fights are indisputably cool, but it’s hard to be invested in them when you don’t know why they’re fighting or what will happen if they win or lose." | [
{
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"text": "The Archive Undying is a 2023 science fiction novel by Emma Mieko Candon. It is the first novel in a planned duology entitled The Downworld Sequence.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "Many city-states were once ruled by artificial intelligences. AIs were treated as gods; human archivists served as their priests. Over the centuries, many AIs became corrupted and died.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Harbor, a group of human-run city-states, creates ENGINES cobbled together from pieces of dead AIs. An ENGINE is a mech that requires both an archive and a relic to pilot it. Relics are humans who are interfaced with an AI at the time of its corruption. An archive is a copy of an AI's memories; however, an archive is not sentient and has no self-coherence, requiring a human relic to direct it.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Iterate Fractal is an AI and god of the city-state Khuon Mo. It is corrupted and destroys the city. Sunai is an archivist who becomes a relic as Iterate Fractal dies. He finds that after his resurrection, he is unable to age or be killed. After Iterate Fractal's death, the Harbor is unable to take complete control of Khuon Mo. They share the city with business magnate Madam Wei and her Ginger Company.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Seventeen years later, Sunai works as a salvager. He frequently indulges in alcohol, drugs, and casual sex while hiding from the Harbor. He is hired to join the crew of the salvage rig “Third Scrap”. Sunai has sex with Veyadi Lut, the rig's owner. Veyadi is one of Iterate Fractal's former archivists; Sunai worries that this indiscretion will expose his identity.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Sunai, Veyadi, and their crew explore the ruins of Chom Dan, where Veyadi served as an archivist after Iterate Fractal's death. Nearby, they discover a shrine that is home to an unknown AI. When Sunai tries to interact with the AI, it embeds itself into Sunai's mind and becomes his passenger.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Sunai reunites with Imaru, a former business partner and friend, who advises him on a potential job in Khuon Mo. The Harbor has finally found a way to create an ENGINE from Iterate Fractal's remains. Imaru wants to kill the ENGINE. Sunai and Veyadi join Imaru's rig “Never Once”, which is backed by Madam Wei. Wei plans to kill Iterate Fractal's relics whenever they are discovered; this is to prevent the Harbor from operating the ENGINE and gaining control of the city.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The party confronts Iterate Fractal's ENGINE. The ENGINE is also known as the Maw, as it tends to kill its relics accidentally. The Maw tries to assimilate Sunai, but fails and flees. The party reaches Khuon Mo. They meet Ruhi, one of Sunai's former lovers and a liaison for the Harbor. Sunai learns that Veyadi is also relic of Iterate Fractal. They are the only two surviving relics that can operate the Maw. Sunai realizes that there is no relic controlling the Maw, meaning that it is practically an independent AI. (The Harbor has kept this fact secret, as it goes against their stated anti-AI beliefs).",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Imaru helps the Maw merge with Sunai. This kicks the passenger out of Sunai's brain and into Veyadi. The passenger reveals that it is the cause of all AI corruption; it was created by AI themselves as a check against their power. Ruhi has been working with the passenger; he attacks the city and tries to destroy Iterate Fractal's remaining archives. Veyadi and Sunai fight against Ruhi; Sunai bites out his throat and kills him.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Sunai and Veyadi weave the passenger into Ruhi's corpse, imprisoning it. They are both joined to the Maw, two relics sharing one ENGINE while retaining most of their individuality. They hope to keep Khuon Mo safe as the Harbor and remaining AI city-states jockey for control.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "According to a review from Kirkus, the story contains interludes narrated by two different AIs, one of which is supposedly dead. These interludes are told in the second person. Additionally, \"it's not always possible to tell who is narrating or experiencing various moments of the story, as consciousnesses merge and only incompletely separate.\"",
"title": "Style"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In an interview published by LitHub, Candon wrote that the Harbor was inspired by Japanese history and her experiences as a fourth generation Japanese-American living in Hawaii. According to Candon, Japan's empire committed \"incredible brutalities against China, against the Philippines, in Indonesia, all up and down the East Asian seaboard and down into Southeast Asia.\" At the same time, Japan's population was traumatized by the dropping of two atomic bombs on their population. In this way, Candon states that \"[Japan] suffered, but is also responsible in some cultural regard for carrying the history of the brutalities it visited upon people.\" Candon writes that the mech genre is also tied to the trauma of World War II. In the novel, she states that \"the Harbor and its original city state, all of the language that it uses, is very much Japanese adjacent\". Additionally, the Harbor is \"this group of people, after suffering one of these corruption events where their AI dies in a terrible way, decide we can never trust these entities again.\"",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Publishers Weekly called the novel's setting \"a fascinating if sometimes disorienting world of AI gods, dissolute hermits, and fantastical biotech constructs\". The review praised the \"emotional thread of trauma, guilt, and grief\", while noting that the \"elaborate, often evasive style\" would be confusing to some readers. Molly Templetone of Tor.com called the novel \"immersive and glorious\", giving special praise to the complexity of Sunai's role as protagonist. Templeton also wrote that \"the world is so densely, incredibly imagined, and tugs the reader along so swiftly, that it can sometimes feel like The Archive Undying is the second book in a series that skipped the first.\" Despite this criticism, the review concludes by calling The Archive Undying \"transformative, lush, and dizzying ... an auspicious start to an intriguing series.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "A review for Kirkus called the novel \"intriguing but difficult to follow\". The review stated that readers may wish for more explanations, and also wrote that there is \"some important point being made about the nature of sentience, but it’s not 100% clear what that point is.\" Writing for the New York Times, author Amal El-Mohtar stated that \"undeniably avid and assured intelligence animates the story\". Nonetheless, El-Mohtar called the execution \"mushy and oblique\", stating that \"giant robot fights are indisputably cool, but it’s hard to be invested in them when you don’t know why they’re fighting or what will happen if they win or lose.\"",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | The Archive Undying is a 2023 science fiction novel by Emma Mieko Candon. It is the first novel in a planned duology entitled The Downworld Sequence. | 2023-12-08T00:14:45Z | 2023-12-31T21:46:27Z | [
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75,511,403 | Kneecap (film) | Kneecap is an upcoming Irish-language film denoting the rise of Belfast-based hip-hop trio Kneecap. The film stars the band members themselves as well as Michael Fassbender. A world premiere of the film will be held at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival, where it will become the first Irish-language film to do so.
Set in West Belfast in 2019, the films depicts how Kneecap came to be formed and created their sound.
Jack Tarling and Trevor Birney produce for Fine Point Films and Mother Tongues, respectively. Rich Peppiatt wrote and directed the film despite not being an Irish-speaker himself. For Peppiatt, it marks his feature film directing debut having previously directed the music video for the band's single Guilty Conscience.
The band themselves are cast in the film in their acting debuts. They feature alongside experienced Irish actors such as Michael Fassbender, Josie Walker and Simone Kirby.
Principal photography took place on location in Belfast in May 2023.
The film is scheduled to premiere in the Next section at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival, the first Irish-language film to do so, on January 18, 2024. | [
{
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"text": "Kneecap is an upcoming Irish-language film denoting the rise of Belfast-based hip-hop trio Kneecap. The film stars the band members themselves as well as Michael Fassbender. A world premiere of the film will be held at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival, where it will become the first Irish-language film to do so.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Set in West Belfast in 2019, the films depicts how Kneecap came to be formed and created their sound.",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Jack Tarling and Trevor Birney produce for Fine Point Films and Mother Tongues, respectively. Rich Peppiatt wrote and directed the film despite not being an Irish-speaker himself. For Peppiatt, it marks his feature film directing debut having previously directed the music video for the band's single Guilty Conscience.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The band themselves are cast in the film in their acting debuts. They feature alongside experienced Irish actors such as Michael Fassbender, Josie Walker and Simone Kirby.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Principal photography took place on location in Belfast in May 2023.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The film is scheduled to premiere in the Next section at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival, the first Irish-language film to do so, on January 18, 2024.",
"title": "Release"
}
] | Kneecap is an upcoming Irish-language film denoting the rise of Belfast-based hip-hop trio Kneecap. The film stars the band members themselves as well as Michael Fassbender. A world premiere of the film will be held at the 2024 Sundance Film Festival, where it will become the first Irish-language film to do so. | 2023-12-08T00:21:57Z | 2023-12-28T07:07:29Z | [
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75,511,406 | Underground Colony | Underground Colony (Hungarian: Gyarmat a föld alatt) is a 1951 Hungarian drama film directed by Károly Makk and Mihály Szemes and starring József Bihari, Erzsi Orsolya and Ferenc Ladányi. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Imre Sörés. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Underground Colony (Hungarian: Gyarmat a föld alatt) is a 1951 Hungarian drama film directed by Károly Makk and Mihály Szemes and starring József Bihari, Erzsi Orsolya and Ferenc Ladányi. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Imre Sörés.",
"title": ""
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] | Underground Colony is a 1951 Hungarian drama film directed by Károly Makk and Mihály Szemes and starring József Bihari, Erzsi Orsolya and Ferenc Ladányi. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. The film's sets were designed by the art director Imre Sörés. | 2023-12-08T00:22:40Z | 2023-12-19T23:39:19Z | [
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75,511,410 | Harold Pogson | Harold Pogson (24 August 1870 – 22 February 1906) was an English first-class cricketer and a colonial police officer in British India.
The son of the General John Pogson, he was born in British India at Kolhapur in August 1870. He later joined the Indian Imperial Police, where he would become the Superintendent of Police and Commandant of the Military Police for the Kathiawar Agency. In India, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Parsees at Bombay in the 1894–95 Bombay Presidency Match. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 9 runs in the Europeans first innings by Kekhashru Mistry, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Dinshaw Writer. He was a well known cricketer in Bombay and was a member of the Rajkot Cricket Club. Pogson died at Rajkot on 22 February 1906, from heat apoplexy leading to heart failure. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Harold Pogson (24 August 1870 – 22 February 1906) was an English first-class cricketer and a colonial police officer in British India.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The son of the General John Pogson, he was born in British India at Kolhapur in August 1870. He later joined the Indian Imperial Police, where he would become the Superintendent of Police and Commandant of the Military Police for the Kathiawar Agency. In India, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Parsees at Bombay in the 1894–95 Bombay Presidency Match. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 9 runs in the Europeans first innings by Kekhashru Mistry, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Dinshaw Writer. He was a well known cricketer in Bombay and was a member of the Rajkot Cricket Club. Pogson died at Rajkot on 22 February 1906, from heat apoplexy leading to heart failure.",
"title": ""
}
] | Harold Pogson was an English first-class cricketer and a colonial police officer in British India. The son of the General John Pogson, he was born in British India at Kolhapur in August 1870. He later joined the Indian Imperial Police, where he would become the Superintendent of Police and Commandant of the Military Police for the Kathiawar Agency. In India, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for the Europeans cricket team against the Parsees at Bombay in the 1894–95 Bombay Presidency Match. Batting twice in the match, he was dismissed for 9 runs in the Europeans first innings by Kekhashru Mistry, while in their second innings he was dismissed without scoring by Dinshaw Writer. He was a well known cricketer in Bombay and was a member of the Rajkot Cricket Club. Pogson died at Rajkot on 22 February 1906, from heat apoplexy leading to heart failure. | 2023-12-08T00:23:07Z | 2023-12-20T06:43:52Z | [
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75,511,414 | Fado Museum | The Fado Museum is a music museum dedicated to Fado located in the Lisbon neighbourhood of Alfama. It was inaugurated on 25 September 1998.
In 2008 the museum was thoroughly renovated. Rather than recreating the traditional environment of Fado, its Permanent Exhibition changed its focus to exhibiting artworks related to Fado by artists such as José Malhoa, Júlio Pomar and Constatino Fernandes, as well as objects from Fado's history, including sheet music, videos, music and hundreds of biographies. Among the works exhibited are the paintings O fado by José Malhoa and Os fadistas (1873) by Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro. An audio guide in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish was also made available to the museum's visitors.
Since 2016 the museum hosts on its official website a digital sound archive with thousands of sound recordings, available in full, going back to the beginning of the 20th century. The recordings can be browsed by interpreter or repertoire. It has also created a record label, Museu do Fado Discos. | [
{
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"text": "The Fado Museum is a music museum dedicated to Fado located in the Lisbon neighbourhood of Alfama. It was inaugurated on 25 September 1998.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 2008 the museum was thoroughly renovated. Rather than recreating the traditional environment of Fado, its Permanent Exhibition changed its focus to exhibiting artworks related to Fado by artists such as José Malhoa, Júlio Pomar and Constatino Fernandes, as well as objects from Fado's history, including sheet music, videos, music and hundreds of biographies. Among the works exhibited are the paintings O fado by José Malhoa and Os fadistas (1873) by Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro. An audio guide in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish was also made available to the museum's visitors.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Since 2016 the museum hosts on its official website a digital sound archive with thousands of sound recordings, available in full, going back to the beginning of the 20th century. The recordings can be browsed by interpreter or repertoire. It has also created a record label, Museu do Fado Discos.",
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] | The Fado Museum is a music museum dedicated to Fado located in the Lisbon neighbourhood of Alfama. It was inaugurated on 25 September 1998. In 2008 the museum was thoroughly renovated. Rather than recreating the traditional environment of Fado, its Permanent Exhibition changed its focus to exhibiting artworks related to Fado by artists such as José Malhoa, Júlio Pomar and Constatino Fernandes, as well as objects from Fado's history, including sheet music, videos, music and hundreds of biographies. Among the works exhibited are the paintings O fado by José Malhoa and Os fadistas (1873) by Rafael Bordalo Pinheiro. An audio guide in Portuguese, English, French and Spanish was also made available to the museum's visitors. Since 2016 the museum hosts on its official website a digital sound archive with thousands of sound recordings, available in full, going back to the beginning of the 20th century. The recordings can be browsed by interpreter or repertoire. It has also created a record label, Museu do Fado Discos. | 2023-12-08T00:23:48Z | 2023-12-14T19:54:41Z | [
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75,511,431 | Paddy Batch | Patrick Gerard Batch (born 19 January 1953) is an Australian former rugby union international.
Batch is a native of Innisfail in Far North Queensland and attended Marist College Ashgrove.
A winger, Batch was capped 14 times for the Wallabies, debuting on the 1975–76 tour of Britain, for which he had been a surprise selection. He also toured New Zealand in 1978 and scored a try against the All Blacks in Wellington.
Batch, a graduate of the University of Queensland, was a veterinarian by profession. | [
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"text": "Patrick Gerard Batch (born 19 January 1953) is an Australian former rugby union international.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "Batch is a native of Innisfail in Far North Queensland and attended Marist College Ashgrove.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "A winger, Batch was capped 14 times for the Wallabies, debuting on the 1975–76 tour of Britain, for which he had been a surprise selection. He also toured New Zealand in 1978 and scored a try against the All Blacks in Wellington.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Batch, a graduate of the University of Queensland, was a veterinarian by profession.",
"title": ""
}
] | Patrick Gerard Batch is an Australian former rugby union international. Batch is a native of Innisfail in Far North Queensland and attended Marist College Ashgrove. A winger, Batch was capped 14 times for the Wallabies, debuting on the 1975–76 tour of Britain, for which he had been a surprise selection. He also toured New Zealand in 1978 and scored a try against the All Blacks in Wellington. Batch, a graduate of the University of Queensland, was a veterinarian by profession. | 2023-12-08T00:27:05Z | 2023-12-14T23:39:32Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paddy_Batch |
75,511,466 | Diabolik: Ginko Attacks! | Diabolik: Ginko Attacks! (Italian: Diabolik – Ginko all'attacco!) is a 2022 Italian crime action film directed by the Manetti Bros. and based on the 1968 Diabolik's comic strip Ginko all'attacco by Angela and Luciana Giussani. It received a theatrical release in Italy on 17 November 2022. It is the sequel of the 2021 film Diabolik, and was followed by the 2023 movie Diabolik: Who Are You?.
Diabolik and Eva Kant team up against Inspector Ginko.
Filming took place in late 2021 in Trieste, Premariacco, and Milan.
The film was released theatrically in Italy on 17 November 2022. | [
{
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"text": "Diabolik: Ginko Attacks! (Italian: Diabolik – Ginko all'attacco!) is a 2022 Italian crime action film directed by the Manetti Bros. and based on the 1968 Diabolik's comic strip Ginko all'attacco by Angela and Luciana Giussani. It received a theatrical release in Italy on 17 November 2022. It is the sequel of the 2021 film Diabolik, and was followed by the 2023 movie Diabolik: Who Are You?.",
"title": ""
},
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"title": "Production"
},
{
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"text": "The film was released theatrically in Italy on 17 November 2022.",
"title": "Release"
}
] | Diabolik: Ginko Attacks! is a 2022 Italian crime action film directed by the Manetti Bros. and based on the 1968 Diabolik's comic strip Ginko all'attacco by Angela and Luciana Giussani. It received a theatrical release in Italy on 17 November 2022. It is the sequel of the 2021 film Diabolik, and was followed by the 2023 movie Diabolik: Who Are You?. | 2023-12-08T00:32:41Z | 2023-12-28T21:35:06Z | [
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75,511,534 | Lucy Kuptana | Lucy Kuptana is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories in the 2023 election. She represents the electoral district of Nunakput.
Prior to her election to the legislature, Kuptana was administrator of Tuktoyaktuk, and served on the board of governors of Aurora College. | [
{
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"text": "Lucy Kuptana is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories in the 2023 election. She represents the electoral district of Nunakput.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Prior to her election to the legislature, Kuptana was administrator of Tuktoyaktuk, and served on the board of governors of Aurora College.",
"title": ""
},
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] | Lucy Kuptana is a Canadian politician, who was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Northwest Territories in the 2023 election. She represents the electoral district of Nunakput. Prior to her election to the legislature, Kuptana was administrator of Tuktoyaktuk, and served on the board of governors of Aurora College. | 2023-12-08T00:39:06Z | 2023-12-08T00:39:06Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucy_Kuptana |
75,511,544 | Krasnasyelski | Krasnasyelski (Belarusian: Краснасельскі, romanized: Krasnasieĺski; Russian: Красносельский, romanized: Krasnoselsky) is an urban-type settlement in Vawkavysk District, Grodno Region, Belarus. As of 2023, it has a population of 5,844. | [
{
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"text": "Krasnasyelski (Belarusian: Краснасельскі, romanized: Krasnasieĺski; Russian: Красносельский, romanized: Krasnoselsky) is an urban-type settlement in Vawkavysk District, Grodno Region, Belarus. As of 2023, it has a population of 5,844.",
"title": ""
}
] | Krasnasyelski is an urban-type settlement in Vawkavysk District, Grodno Region, Belarus. As of 2023, it has a population of 5,844. | 2023-12-08T00:40:37Z | 2023-12-30T03:48:39Z | [
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75,511,547 | 1992 Fernleaf Butter Classic – Doubles | Jo-Anne Faull and Julie Richardson were the defending champions, but lost in the final to Belinda Borneo and Clare Wood. The score was 6–0, 7–6. | [
{
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"text": "Jo-Anne Faull and Julie Richardson were the defending champions, but lost in the final to Belinda Borneo and Clare Wood. The score was 6–0, 7–6.",
"title": ""
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] | Jo-Anne Faull and Julie Richardson were the defending champions, but lost in the final to Belinda Borneo and Clare Wood. The score was 6–0, 7–6(7–5). | 2023-12-08T00:40:54Z | 2023-12-08T01:00:33Z | [
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75,511,574 | 2024 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A | The 2024 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A will be the 68th season of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top level of professional football in Brazil, and the 21st edition in a double round-robin since its establishment in 2003. The competition will begin on 14 April and will end on 8 December 2024.
The top six teams as well as the 2024 Copa do Brasil champions will qualify for the Copa Libertadores. The next six best-placed teams not qualified for Copa Libertadores will qualify for the Copa Sudamericana and the last four will be relegated to Série B for 2025.
For the second-time in a row, the defending champions are Palmeiras.
Twenty teams will compete in the league: the top 16 teams from the previous season and four teams promoted from the Série B.
Vitória became the first club to be promoted on 12 November 2023 after a 1–2 win against Novorizontino. Criciúma were promoted on 18 November 2023, and Juventude and Atlético Goianiense were promoted on 25 November 2023. | [
{
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"text": "The 2024 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A will be the 68th season of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top level of professional football in Brazil, and the 21st edition in a double round-robin since its establishment in 2003. The competition will begin on 14 April and will end on 8 December 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The top six teams as well as the 2024 Copa do Brasil champions will qualify for the Copa Libertadores. The next six best-placed teams not qualified for Copa Libertadores will qualify for the Copa Sudamericana and the last four will be relegated to Série B for 2025.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "For the second-time in a row, the defending champions are Palmeiras.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "Twenty teams will compete in the league: the top 16 teams from the previous season and four teams promoted from the Série B.",
"title": "Teams"
},
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"text": "Vitória became the first club to be promoted on 12 November 2023 after a 1–2 win against Novorizontino. Criciúma were promoted on 18 November 2023, and Juventude and Atlético Goianiense were promoted on 25 November 2023.",
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] | The 2024 Campeonato Brasileiro Série A will be the 68th season of the Campeonato Brasileiro Série A, the top level of professional football in Brazil, and the 21st edition in a double round-robin since its establishment in 2003. The competition will begin on 14 April and will end on 8 December 2024. The top six teams as well as the 2024 Copa do Brasil champions will qualify for the Copa Libertadores. The next six best-placed teams not qualified for Copa Libertadores will qualify for the Copa Sudamericana and the last four will be relegated to Série B for 2025. For the second-time in a row, the defending champions are Palmeiras. | 2023-12-08T00:44:38Z | 2023-12-31T22:22:34Z | [
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75,511,581 | 2024 Azerbaijani presidential election | Early presidential elections are scheduled to be held in Azerbaijan on 7 February 2024. Originally set for October 2025, President Ilham Aliyev called for a snap election in December 2023 following the previously successful Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, which brought an end to the Armenian-led breakaway state Republic of Artsakh and the full accession of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region by Azerbaijan. This will be a third snap election for president in Azerbaijan's history, as well as the first presidential election to be held in winter season.
In accordance with the 2009 referendum, incumbent president Ilham Aliyev is eligible to run for another fifth consecutive term.
The previous 2018 presidential election was held months ahead of schedule which saw the re-election of long-time authoritarian president Ilham Aliyev, in power since 2003, securing a fourth consecutive term in office after obtaining 86% of the vote. The election was boycotted by the Azerbaijani opposition and criticized for its conduct and early schedule amid allegations of irregularities and electoral fraud.
President Aliyev's fourth presidential term was initially embarked by a series of socioeconomic reforms, where he issued decrees addressing burdensome credit loans, providing compensation to the families of military veterans, and increasing student stipends, as well as issuing mass pardons to several political prisoners. He also made an effort attempt at diversifying the oil-dependent Azerbaijani economy. In late 2019, the National Assembly dissolved itself, which triggered the February 2020 parliamentary election, with the move being viewed as Aliyev's possible preparation for an order of succession, where he would eventually hand over presidency to his wife, First Vice President Mehriban Aliyeva, as a way to ensure the Aliyev family's dynastic rule over Azerbaijan. The parliamentary election campaign, initially offering a glimmer of political change, nevertheless saw Aliyev's ruling New Azerbaijan Party retaining a majority of deputy seats. From 2020, Aliyev endured the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan, where a series of controversial anti-lockdown laws were introduced that allowed for the Azerbaijani government to crackdown on political opposition and silence anti-government critics over the country's response to the pandemic, which Aliyev referred to as a "fifth column" attempting to "destroy Azerbaijan". The Azerbaijani government also introduced a series of anti-crisis packages that were aimed at relieving the economic impact caused by the coronavirus pandemic, to which the emergency aid was later criticized for allegedly having citizens struggling to obtain it.
The Nagorno-Karabakh region has served as an epicenter of the decades-long conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia. Since 1994 much of Nagorno-Karabakh, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, was de-facto under control by the ethnic Armenian-led breakaway state Republic of Artsakh, with periods of occurring border skirmishes occurring in the 2010s. In July 2020, border clashes took place between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces, sparking massive pro-war protests in Azerbaijan which became increasingly grew following the deaths of military officers Polad Hashimov and Ilgar Mirzayev. The demonstrations in Baku, leading to storming of the Parliament building and clashes with the security forces, had profound impact on Azerbaijan's foreign policy as its believed to have been one of the causing factors that led to the following outbreak of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in September 2020. The war lasted for approximately 44 days and resulted in an Azerbaijani victory, reclaiming control of the newly-captured territories and Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh in the aftermath of November 2020 ceasefire agreement signed by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia.
Post-war stability within Nagorno-Karabakh region was relatively short-lived, as the Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis began in 2021. From December 2022, Azerbaijan enforced a blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh, sparking a humanitarian crisis in Artsakh as the region grappled with the shortages of medication, food and fuel. In September 2023, Azerbaijan launched a large-scale military offensive into Nagorno-Karabakh which lasted for a day, leading to the immediate surrender of the remaining Artsakhian forces, which effectively ended the existence of the Republic of Artsakh and resulted in the mass exodus of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians.
Article 178 of the Election Code of Azerbaijan stipulates that the presidential election must be held every third Wednesday of October of the last year of the President’s term of office. The 2016 constitutional referendum previously extended the presidential term from five to seven years, with Aliyev being subsequently re-elected for a seven-year term in 2018 following the amendments to the Constitution of Azerbaijan, thus making the presidential election originally set to take place on 15 October 2025.
Article 101 §1 of the Constitution of Azerbaijan allows for the President to legally call a snap election. In accordance with Article 179 §2 of the Election Code of Azerbaijan, the date of the presidential elections shall be determined within a week of the call by the Central Election Commission (CEC). The election must be on a Wednesday and be conducted within a 3 month period after the date determination by the CEC. On 7 December 2023, President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree in setting Wednesday, 7 February 2024, as a date for an early presidential election to be held. In addition, the election day in Azerbaijan would be a public holiday.
Given without the official explanation for Aliyev's decision, it was speculated by Dr. Mehmood Ul Hassan Khan during an interview with Azernews that the original election date for autumn 2025 would have coincided with the already scheduled parliamentary elections for that same timeframe, which might could have potentially caused "a bit of distress" among Azerbaijani voters and that a snap election for president in February 2024 would look "more convenient from a time perspective." Other analysts suggested the reasoning factor behind an early presidential election was due to Aliyev's attempt to take advantage of his high popularity following Azerbaijani's successful seizure of Nagorno-Karabakh. The timing of election was also noted by Associated Press to have coincided ahead of the 2024 Russian presidential election, for which the alleged reason was due to attempts by Aliyev to minimize Russia's influence on the Azerbaijani election. Opposition leader Ali Karimli assessed that that a snap presidential election indicated Aliyev's desire to hold polls "in isolation from the democratic world" and fear of a change in the current "minimal political competition", where he speculated that Aliyev wanted to secure another seven-year presidential term before a potential Russian defeat in the Russo-Ukrainian War which could according to his theory "upend the regional geopolitical situation to authoritarians' disfavor." Musavat party chairman Arif Hajili criticized the announcement of a snap presidential election, stating that holding an early vote hinders political competition and that it is problematic for the election campaign. In a following subsequent statement, the Musavat party claimed that the election date in winter will lead to a low voter turnout, accusing Azerbaijani authorities of turning the presidential election into "a formal procedure".
The President of Azerbaijan is elected for a seven-year term from universal, direct and equal suffrage with a personal and secret ballot. Using the two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a run-off vote is held between the top two candidates who garnered the most votes in the first round. Under a case of the war, the presidential term must be extended until the end of military operation, for which the decision on this matter must be adopted by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the basis of the application of the state body organizing elections (referendum).
The Central Election Commission (CEC) on 9 December 2023 approved the official calendar plan for the 2024 election as follows.
A citizen of the Republic of Azerbaijan, who has lived permanently in the territory of the Azerbaijan for more than 10 years, has the right to participate in elections, has not been convicted of a serious crime, has no obligations to other states, has a higher education, and does not have dual citizenship can be elected as President.
After the meeting of the Central Election Commission (CEC) held on 8 December 2023, in a statement made by the secretary of the CEC, Arife Muhtarova, candidates willing to participate in the 2024 presidential election must submit the necessary documents to the commission starting from 10 December. She noted that the acceptance of documents should continue until 8 January 2024, and the propaganda work should continue until 6 February 2024 at 18:00. In order to participate as an observer, citizens should apply to the commission by 28 January 2024.
On 12 December 2023, deputy chairman of New Azerbaijan Party (YAP) and chairman of the YAP central office, Tahir Budaqov, confirmed that Ilham Aliyev would be the presidential nominee for YAP, noting that the final decision will be made at the meeting of the party's board of directors, as the nomination of candidates is made under the authority of the board of directors in accordance with the decision taken at the previous YAP congress.
At the meeting of the YAP board of directors on 15 December 2023, Aliyev was officially nominated for presidency under the party's decision. In addition, Tahir Budagov, deputy chairman of YAP – head of the central office and Ali Ahmadov, deputy chairman of YAP, were appointed as authorized party representatives for the election with Ahliman Taghiyev, deputy head of the central office, being appointed as authorized representative for financial issues.
According to the decision taken at the meeting of the supreme assembly of the Great Order Party (BQP) on 16 December 2023, party chairman Fazil Mustafa, candidate in the 2008 election, was nominated for the presidency by the BQP.
On 17 December 2023, the decision of the political council of the Great Azerbaijan Party (BAP) regarding the elections was announced to the press. Thus, the BAP nominated party chairman Elşad Musayev as a presidential candidate for the elections.
On 18 December 2023, Gudrat Hasanguliyev, the chairman of the Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party (BAXCP), who was a candidate for the presidency in the 2003 elections, received presidential nomination by BAXCP.
Zahid OrujOn 16 December 2023, Zahid Oruj, who ran in the 2018 and 2013 presidential elections announced his interest to take part in the 2024 election as an independent candidate.
Fuad AliyevFuad Aliyev, the chairman of the former Liberal Democratic Party of Azerbaijan and the chairman of the Public Union for the Protection of Civil Rights, nominated himself for presidency on 18 December 2023. Those who support him established the "Citizen Union" Election Headquarters which was chaired by Khazar Teyyublu.
On 21 December 2023, presidential candidate Gudrat Hasanguliyev (Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party) announced several provisions from his pre-election campaign platform to the press. If elected as president, Hasanguliyev pledged to change Azerbaijan's official name to the "Northern Azerbaijan Republic" via constitutional referendum, combine the state bodies of the Minister of Justice and the Prosecutor General into the State Investigative Committee, divide the country into 15 administrative units and establish 31-member assemblies which will be formed by the votes of the residents of those administrative units, increasing workers' salaries, reduce the Azerbaijani military service period to 6 months, and introduce a cash payment system for exemption from premiums, as well as establish "child allowance" payments.
Presidential candidate Razi Nurullayev for the National Front Party emphasized that his party's ideology is social democracy, thus describing himself as a "social democratic politician", outlying that his election program is mainly related to the issue of social security.
Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Sergey Lebedev, announced plans on 13 December 2023 in sending CIS election observers to Azerbaijan.
A long-term mission of the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights under the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) consisting of 26 people will observe the 2024 presidential election. The institution has sent a request to the OSCE participating countries regarding the provision of a short-term observation mission consisting of 250 people, with Eoghan Murphy being appointed as the head of the observation mission.
The Dilara Aliyeva Protection of Women's Rights Public Union chaired by Novella Jafaroglu, the Human Rights and Rule of Law Protection Public Union chaired by Saida Gojamanli, and the Azerbaijani branch of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights chaired by Saadat Bananyarli established the "My Voice" Election Monitoring Coalition to monitor the polls.
A meeting of the Central Election Commission (CEC) was held on 8 December 2023, where the decision in holding a snap election was approved with a working group being established and CEC member Etibar Guliyev being appointed as the chairman of the group.
According to the information provided by the CEC on 19 September 2023, electoral districts in Azerbaijan were reorganized whilst taking into account the norm of voter representation.
With the Azerbaijani takeover of Nagorno-Karabakh from the Republic of Artsakh, the 2024 election would be held in all of Azerbaijan's recognized territory the first time, with 20,000 voters taking part in the vote in the polling stations in the previously-occupied Nagorno-Karabakh territories. During the CEC meeting on 16 December 2023, chairman Mazahir Panahov announced that the election will be held in the liberated city of Khankendi for the first, and that a newly-formed polling station will be located in the administrative building of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Province Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. According to the information provided, 26 polling stations will be created in 9 constituencies covering the regions of Nagorno-Karabakh liberated by Azerbaijan.
Approximately 110.9 million manats (0.3%) from the Azerbaijani government budget have been allocated for the expenses of holding elections and statistical measures, as stated in the 2024 Law "On the 2024 State Budget of the Republic of Azerbaijan".
On 16 December 2023, CEC chairman Mazahir Panahov noted that a new electoral roll system was drawn up, that in case if a voter passed away on election day, then it would be reported in the voter listing, to which the project was prepared with the cooperation of the Ministry of Justice. In addition, he also announced any voter who turned out in the polls for the first time and media organizations reporting from here will be rewarded.
The elections also coincided with the vacation break of the universities, and in this regard, the CEC chairman requested the information list of university students from the Ministry of Science and Education in regard to their voter registration status and unveiled plan to create certain conditions for students to vote depending on their primary residence.
The CEC alongside with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs worked on assisting Azerbaijani citizens to vote overseas, with Panahov encouraging voters to register in their closest diplomatic mission. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Early presidential elections are scheduled to be held in Azerbaijan on 7 February 2024. Originally set for October 2025, President Ilham Aliyev called for a snap election in December 2023 following the previously successful Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, which brought an end to the Armenian-led breakaway state Republic of Artsakh and the full accession of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region by Azerbaijan. This will be a third snap election for president in Azerbaijan's history, as well as the first presidential election to be held in winter season.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In accordance with the 2009 referendum, incumbent president Ilham Aliyev is eligible to run for another fifth consecutive term.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The previous 2018 presidential election was held months ahead of schedule which saw the re-election of long-time authoritarian president Ilham Aliyev, in power since 2003, securing a fourth consecutive term in office after obtaining 86% of the vote. The election was boycotted by the Azerbaijani opposition and criticized for its conduct and early schedule amid allegations of irregularities and electoral fraud.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "President Aliyev's fourth presidential term was initially embarked by a series of socioeconomic reforms, where he issued decrees addressing burdensome credit loans, providing compensation to the families of military veterans, and increasing student stipends, as well as issuing mass pardons to several political prisoners. He also made an effort attempt at diversifying the oil-dependent Azerbaijani economy. In late 2019, the National Assembly dissolved itself, which triggered the February 2020 parliamentary election, with the move being viewed as Aliyev's possible preparation for an order of succession, where he would eventually hand over presidency to his wife, First Vice President Mehriban Aliyeva, as a way to ensure the Aliyev family's dynastic rule over Azerbaijan. The parliamentary election campaign, initially offering a glimmer of political change, nevertheless saw Aliyev's ruling New Azerbaijan Party retaining a majority of deputy seats. From 2020, Aliyev endured the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic in Azerbaijan, where a series of controversial anti-lockdown laws were introduced that allowed for the Azerbaijani government to crackdown on political opposition and silence anti-government critics over the country's response to the pandemic, which Aliyev referred to as a \"fifth column\" attempting to \"destroy Azerbaijan\". The Azerbaijani government also introduced a series of anti-crisis packages that were aimed at relieving the economic impact caused by the coronavirus pandemic, to which the emergency aid was later criticized for allegedly having citizens struggling to obtain it.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Nagorno-Karabakh region has served as an epicenter of the decades-long conflict between Azerbaijan and Armenia. Since 1994 much of Nagorno-Karabakh, internationally recognized as part of Azerbaijan, was de-facto under control by the ethnic Armenian-led breakaway state Republic of Artsakh, with periods of occurring border skirmishes occurring in the 2010s. In July 2020, border clashes took place between Armenian and Azerbaijani forces, sparking massive pro-war protests in Azerbaijan which became increasingly grew following the deaths of military officers Polad Hashimov and Ilgar Mirzayev. The demonstrations in Baku, leading to storming of the Parliament building and clashes with the security forces, had profound impact on Azerbaijan's foreign policy as its believed to have been one of the causing factors that led to the following outbreak of the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War in September 2020. The war lasted for approximately 44 days and resulted in an Azerbaijani victory, reclaiming control of the newly-captured territories and Armenian-occupied territories surrounding Nagorno-Karabakh in the aftermath of November 2020 ceasefire agreement signed by Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Russia.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Post-war stability within Nagorno-Karabakh region was relatively short-lived, as the Armenia–Azerbaijan border crisis began in 2021. From December 2022, Azerbaijan enforced a blockade of Nagorno-Karabakh, sparking a humanitarian crisis in Artsakh as the region grappled with the shortages of medication, food and fuel. In September 2023, Azerbaijan launched a large-scale military offensive into Nagorno-Karabakh which lasted for a day, leading to the immediate surrender of the remaining Artsakhian forces, which effectively ended the existence of the Republic of Artsakh and resulted in the mass exodus of Nagorno-Karabakh Armenians.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Article 178 of the Election Code of Azerbaijan stipulates that the presidential election must be held every third Wednesday of October of the last year of the President’s term of office. The 2016 constitutional referendum previously extended the presidential term from five to seven years, with Aliyev being subsequently re-elected for a seven-year term in 2018 following the amendments to the Constitution of Azerbaijan, thus making the presidential election originally set to take place on 15 October 2025.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Article 101 §1 of the Constitution of Azerbaijan allows for the President to legally call a snap election. In accordance with Article 179 §2 of the Election Code of Azerbaijan, the date of the presidential elections shall be determined within a week of the call by the Central Election Commission (CEC). The election must be on a Wednesday and be conducted within a 3 month period after the date determination by the CEC. On 7 December 2023, President Ilham Aliyev signed a decree in setting Wednesday, 7 February 2024, as a date for an early presidential election to be held. In addition, the election day in Azerbaijan would be a public holiday.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Given without the official explanation for Aliyev's decision, it was speculated by Dr. Mehmood Ul Hassan Khan during an interview with Azernews that the original election date for autumn 2025 would have coincided with the already scheduled parliamentary elections for that same timeframe, which might could have potentially caused \"a bit of distress\" among Azerbaijani voters and that a snap election for president in February 2024 would look \"more convenient from a time perspective.\" Other analysts suggested the reasoning factor behind an early presidential election was due to Aliyev's attempt to take advantage of his high popularity following Azerbaijani's successful seizure of Nagorno-Karabakh. The timing of election was also noted by Associated Press to have coincided ahead of the 2024 Russian presidential election, for which the alleged reason was due to attempts by Aliyev to minimize Russia's influence on the Azerbaijani election. Opposition leader Ali Karimli assessed that that a snap presidential election indicated Aliyev's desire to hold polls \"in isolation from the democratic world\" and fear of a change in the current \"minimal political competition\", where he speculated that Aliyev wanted to secure another seven-year presidential term before a potential Russian defeat in the Russo-Ukrainian War which could according to his theory \"upend the regional geopolitical situation to authoritarians' disfavor.\" Musavat party chairman Arif Hajili criticized the announcement of a snap presidential election, stating that holding an early vote hinders political competition and that it is problematic for the election campaign. In a following subsequent statement, the Musavat party claimed that the election date in winter will lead to a low voter turnout, accusing Azerbaijani authorities of turning the presidential election into \"a formal procedure\".",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The President of Azerbaijan is elected for a seven-year term from universal, direct and equal suffrage with a personal and secret ballot. Using the two-round system; if no candidate receives a majority of the vote in the first round, a run-off vote is held between the top two candidates who garnered the most votes in the first round. Under a case of the war, the presidential term must be extended until the end of military operation, for which the decision on this matter must be adopted by the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the basis of the application of the state body organizing elections (referendum).",
"title": "Electoral system"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The Central Election Commission (CEC) on 9 December 2023 approved the official calendar plan for the 2024 election as follows.",
"title": "Timetable"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "A citizen of the Republic of Azerbaijan, who has lived permanently in the territory of the Azerbaijan for more than 10 years, has the right to participate in elections, has not been convicted of a serious crime, has no obligations to other states, has a higher education, and does not have dual citizenship can be elected as President.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "After the meeting of the Central Election Commission (CEC) held on 8 December 2023, in a statement made by the secretary of the CEC, Arife Muhtarova, candidates willing to participate in the 2024 presidential election must submit the necessary documents to the commission starting from 10 December. She noted that the acceptance of documents should continue until 8 January 2024, and the propaganda work should continue until 6 February 2024 at 18:00. In order to participate as an observer, citizens should apply to the commission by 28 January 2024.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "On 12 December 2023, deputy chairman of New Azerbaijan Party (YAP) and chairman of the YAP central office, Tahir Budaqov, confirmed that Ilham Aliyev would be the presidential nominee for YAP, noting that the final decision will be made at the meeting of the party's board of directors, as the nomination of candidates is made under the authority of the board of directors in accordance with the decision taken at the previous YAP congress.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "At the meeting of the YAP board of directors on 15 December 2023, Aliyev was officially nominated for presidency under the party's decision. In addition, Tahir Budagov, deputy chairman of YAP – head of the central office and Ali Ahmadov, deputy chairman of YAP, were appointed as authorized party representatives for the election with Ahliman Taghiyev, deputy head of the central office, being appointed as authorized representative for financial issues.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "According to the decision taken at the meeting of the supreme assembly of the Great Order Party (BQP) on 16 December 2023, party chairman Fazil Mustafa, candidate in the 2008 election, was nominated for the presidency by the BQP.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "On 17 December 2023, the decision of the political council of the Great Azerbaijan Party (BAP) regarding the elections was announced to the press. Thus, the BAP nominated party chairman Elşad Musayev as a presidential candidate for the elections.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "On 18 December 2023, Gudrat Hasanguliyev, the chairman of the Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party (BAXCP), who was a candidate for the presidency in the 2003 elections, received presidential nomination by BAXCP.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Zahid OrujOn 16 December 2023, Zahid Oruj, who ran in the 2018 and 2013 presidential elections announced his interest to take part in the 2024 election as an independent candidate.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Fuad AliyevFuad Aliyev, the chairman of the former Liberal Democratic Party of Azerbaijan and the chairman of the Public Union for the Protection of Civil Rights, nominated himself for presidency on 18 December 2023. Those who support him established the \"Citizen Union\" Election Headquarters which was chaired by Khazar Teyyublu.",
"title": "Candidates"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "On 21 December 2023, presidential candidate Gudrat Hasanguliyev (Whole Azerbaijan Popular Front Party) announced several provisions from his pre-election campaign platform to the press. If elected as president, Hasanguliyev pledged to change Azerbaijan's official name to the \"Northern Azerbaijan Republic\" via constitutional referendum, combine the state bodies of the Minister of Justice and the Prosecutor General into the State Investigative Committee, divide the country into 15 administrative units and establish 31-member assemblies which will be formed by the votes of the residents of those administrative units, increasing workers' salaries, reduce the Azerbaijani military service period to 6 months, and introduce a cash payment system for exemption from premiums, as well as establish \"child allowance\" payments.",
"title": "Campaign"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Presidential candidate Razi Nurullayev for the National Front Party emphasized that his party's ideology is social democracy, thus describing himself as a \"social democratic politician\", outlying that his election program is mainly related to the issue of social security.",
"title": "Campaign"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Secretary General of the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS), Sergey Lebedev, announced plans on 13 December 2023 in sending CIS election observers to Azerbaijan.",
"title": "Observation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "A long-term mission of the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights under the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) consisting of 26 people will observe the 2024 presidential election. The institution has sent a request to the OSCE participating countries regarding the provision of a short-term observation mission consisting of 250 people, with Eoghan Murphy being appointed as the head of the observation mission.",
"title": "Observation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "The Dilara Aliyeva Protection of Women's Rights Public Union chaired by Novella Jafaroglu, the Human Rights and Rule of Law Protection Public Union chaired by Saida Gojamanli, and the Azerbaijani branch of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights chaired by Saadat Bananyarli established the \"My Voice\" Election Monitoring Coalition to monitor the polls.",
"title": "Observation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "A meeting of the Central Election Commission (CEC) was held on 8 December 2023, where the decision in holding a snap election was approved with a working group being established and CEC member Etibar Guliyev being appointed as the chairman of the group.",
"title": "Conduct"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "According to the information provided by the CEC on 19 September 2023, electoral districts in Azerbaijan were reorganized whilst taking into account the norm of voter representation.",
"title": "Conduct"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "With the Azerbaijani takeover of Nagorno-Karabakh from the Republic of Artsakh, the 2024 election would be held in all of Azerbaijan's recognized territory the first time, with 20,000 voters taking part in the vote in the polling stations in the previously-occupied Nagorno-Karabakh territories. During the CEC meeting on 16 December 2023, chairman Mazahir Panahov announced that the election will be held in the liberated city of Khankendi for the first, and that a newly-formed polling station will be located in the administrative building of the former Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Province Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan. According to the information provided, 26 polling stations will be created in 9 constituencies covering the regions of Nagorno-Karabakh liberated by Azerbaijan.",
"title": "Conduct"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "Approximately 110.9 million manats (0.3%) from the Azerbaijani government budget have been allocated for the expenses of holding elections and statistical measures, as stated in the 2024 Law \"On the 2024 State Budget of the Republic of Azerbaijan\".",
"title": "Conduct"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "On 16 December 2023, CEC chairman Mazahir Panahov noted that a new electoral roll system was drawn up, that in case if a voter passed away on election day, then it would be reported in the voter listing, to which the project was prepared with the cooperation of the Ministry of Justice. In addition, he also announced any voter who turned out in the polls for the first time and media organizations reporting from here will be rewarded.",
"title": "Conduct"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "The elections also coincided with the vacation break of the universities, and in this regard, the CEC chairman requested the information list of university students from the Ministry of Science and Education in regard to their voter registration status and unveiled plan to create certain conditions for students to vote depending on their primary residence.",
"title": "Conduct"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "The CEC alongside with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs worked on assisting Azerbaijani citizens to vote overseas, with Panahov encouraging voters to register in their closest diplomatic mission.",
"title": "Conduct"
}
] | Early presidential elections are scheduled to be held in Azerbaijan on 7 February 2024. Originally set for October 2025, President Ilham Aliyev called for a snap election in December 2023 following the previously successful Azerbaijani offensive in Nagorno-Karabakh, which brought an end to the Armenian-led breakaway state Republic of Artsakh and the full accession of the disputed Nagorno-Karabakh region by Azerbaijan. This will be a third snap election for president in Azerbaijan's history, as well as the first presidential election to be held in winter season. In accordance with the 2009 referendum, incumbent president Ilham Aliyev is eligible to run for another fifth consecutive term. | 2023-12-08T00:45:16Z | 2023-12-31T01:22:02Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Azerbaijani_presidential_election |
75,511,621 | Corliss Archer | Fictional teenage girl Corliss Archer is the lead character in series of American short stories written by F. Hugh Herbert starting in 1943. She also appears in these derivative works: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Fictional teenage girl Corliss Archer is the lead character in series of American short stories written by F. Hugh Herbert starting in 1943. She also appears in these derivative works:",
"title": ""
}
] | Fictional teenage girl Corliss Archer is the lead character in series of American short stories written by F. Hugh Herbert starting in 1943. She also appears in these derivative works: Meet Corliss Archer, radio series 1943–1956
Meet Corliss Archer, 1952–1953
Kiss and Tell (play), 1943
Kiss and Tell based on the play
A Kiss for Corliss, 1949 sequel film
Meet Corliss Archer, 1948 | 2023-12-08T00:48:44Z | 2023-12-09T18:55:15Z | [
"Template:Disambig"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corliss_Archer |
75,511,637 | Wang Shih-hsun | Wang Shih-hsun (Chinese: 王世勛; born 15 January 1951) is a Taiwanese politician and journalist.
Wang wrote for the Taiwan Times and the Capital Morning Post [zh].
Wang served two terms on the Taichung City Council and one term on the Taiwan Provincial Council before his election to the Legislative Yuan, on which he represented Taichung from 1999 to 2002. During his first Legislative Yuan term, Wang commented on the relationship between legislative immunity and news leaks, the use of Taiwanese Hokkien during legislative proceedings, and drew attention to a dispute between Taichung locals and the Ministry of Education regarding the rebuilding of Tungshi Vocational High School. Wang returned to the Legislative Yuan in 2005. During his second term, Wang and Lai Shyh-bao opposed a same-six marrriage bill proposed by Hsiao Bi-khim in 2006. Wang lost to Ho Min-hao in a public opinion poll used to determine the Pan-Green Coalition candidate for Taichung's third district before the 2008 legislative election. Ho then left the Taiwan Solidarity Union to represent Wang's Democratic Progressive Party in the election. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Wang Shih-hsun (Chinese: 王世勛; born 15 January 1951) is a Taiwanese politician and journalist.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Wang wrote for the Taiwan Times and the Capital Morning Post [zh].",
"title": "Journalism career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Wang served two terms on the Taichung City Council and one term on the Taiwan Provincial Council before his election to the Legislative Yuan, on which he represented Taichung from 1999 to 2002. During his first Legislative Yuan term, Wang commented on the relationship between legislative immunity and news leaks, the use of Taiwanese Hokkien during legislative proceedings, and drew attention to a dispute between Taichung locals and the Ministry of Education regarding the rebuilding of Tungshi Vocational High School. Wang returned to the Legislative Yuan in 2005. During his second term, Wang and Lai Shyh-bao opposed a same-six marrriage bill proposed by Hsiao Bi-khim in 2006. Wang lost to Ho Min-hao in a public opinion poll used to determine the Pan-Green Coalition candidate for Taichung's third district before the 2008 legislative election. Ho then left the Taiwan Solidarity Union to represent Wang's Democratic Progressive Party in the election.",
"title": "Political career"
}
] | Wang Shih-hsun is a Taiwanese politician and journalist. | 2023-12-08T00:49:55Z | 2023-12-28T17:47:57Z | [
"Template:Ill",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Zh"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wang_Shih-hsun |
75,511,649 | Windblown (video game) | [] | 2023-12-08T00:50:43Z | 2023-12-08T04:54:18Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windblown_(video_game) |
||
75,511,663 | 2023 American Athletic Conference women's soccer tournament | The 2023 American Athletic Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the American Athletic Conference held from October 31 to November 5, 2023. The tournament was hosted at the Premier Sports Campus located in Lakewood Ranch, Florida. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Memphis Tigers are the defending tournament champions. Memphis successfully defended its title, defeating UAB in the First Round, Charlotte in the Semifinals and SMU in the Final. Memphis' win was the program's fourth and also the fourth for coach Brooks Monaghan. This title was Memphis' third in a row. As tournament champions, Memphis earned the American's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament.
The top eight teams in the regular season earned a spot in the tournament. No tiebreakers were required as the top eight teams in conference play finished with unique point totals. Five teams from the East Division qualified while only three teams from the West Division qualified.
Source:
There were 20 goals scored in 7 matches, for an average of 2.86 goals per match (as of November 5, 2023).
2 goals
1 goal
Source:
* Offensive MVP ^ Defensive MVP | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023 American Athletic Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the American Athletic Conference held from October 31 to November 5, 2023. The tournament was hosted at the Premier Sports Campus located in Lakewood Ranch, Florida. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Memphis Tigers are the defending tournament champions. Memphis successfully defended its title, defeating UAB in the First Round, Charlotte in the Semifinals and SMU in the Final. Memphis' win was the program's fourth and also the fourth for coach Brooks Monaghan. This title was Memphis' third in a row. As tournament champions, Memphis earned the American's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The top eight teams in the regular season earned a spot in the tournament. No tiebreakers were required as the top eight teams in conference play finished with unique point totals. Five teams from the East Division qualified while only three teams from the West Division qualified.",
"title": "Seeding"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Bracket"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "There were 20 goals scored in 7 matches, for an average of 2.86 goals per match (as of November 5, 2023).",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "2 goals",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "1 goal",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "All-Tournament team"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "* Offensive MVP ^ Defensive MVP",
"title": "All-Tournament team"
}
] | The 2023 American Athletic Conference women's soccer tournament was the postseason women's soccer tournament for the American Athletic Conference held from October 31 to November 5, 2023. The tournament was hosted at the Premier Sports Campus located in Lakewood Ranch, Florida. The eight-team single-elimination tournament consisted of three rounds based on seeding from regular season conference play. The Memphis Tigers are the defending tournament champions. Memphis successfully defended its title, defeating UAB in the First Round, Charlotte in the Semifinals and SMU in the Final. Memphis' win was the program's fourth and also the fourth for coach Brooks Monaghan. This title was Memphis' third in a row. As tournament champions, Memphis earned the American's automatic berth into the 2023 NCAA Division I Women's Soccer Tournament. | 2023-12-08T00:51:29Z | 2023-12-21T12:48:47Z | [
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75,511,674 | List of works by George Moore | The following is an incomplete list of works by the Irish novelist, short-story writer and poet George Moore (novelist).
Letters | [
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] | The following is an incomplete list of works by the Irish novelist, short-story writer and poet George Moore (novelist). Flowers of Passion London: Provost & Company, 1878
Martin Luther: A Tragedy in Five Acts London: Remington & Company, 1879
Pagan Poems London: Newman & Company, 1881
A Modern Lover London: Tinsley Brothers, 1883
A Mummer's Wife London: Vizetelly & Company, 1885
Literature at Nurse London: Vizetelly & Company, 1885
A Drama in Muslin London: Vizetelly & Company, 1886
A Mere Accident London: Vizetelly & Company, 1887
Parnell and His Island London: Swan Sonnenshein Lowrey & Company, 1887
Confessions of a Young Man London: Swan Sonnenshein Lowrey & Company, 1888
Spring Days London: Vizetelly & Company, 1888
Mike Fletcher London: Ward & Downey, 1889
Impressions and Opinions London: David Nutt, 1891
Vain Fortune London: Henry & Company, 1891
Modern Painting London: Walter Scott, 1893
The Strike at Arlingford London: Walter Scott, 1893
Esther Waters London: Walter Scott, 1894
Celibates London: Walter Scott, 1895
Evelyn Innes London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1898
The Bending of the Bough London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1900
Sister Teresa London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1901
The Untilled Field London: T. Fisher Unwin, 1903
The Lake London: William Heinemann, 1905
Memoirs of My Dead Life London: William Heinemann, 1906
The Apostle: A Drama in Three Acts Dublin: Maunsel & Company, 1911
Hail and Farewell London: William Heinemann, 1911, 1912, 1914
Elizabeth Cooper Dublin: Maunsel & Company, 1913
Muslin London: William Heinemann, 1915
The Brook Kerith: A Syrian Story London: T. Warner Laurie, 1916
Lewis Seymour and Some Women London: William Heinemann, 1917
A Story-Teller's Holiday London: Cumann Sean-eolais na hÉireann, 1918
Avowals London: Cumann Sean-eolais na hÉireann, 1919
The Coming of Gabrielle London: Cumann Sean-eolais na hÉireann, 1920
Heloise and Abelard London: Cumann Sean-eolais na hÉireann, 1921
In Single Strictness London: William Heinemann, 1922
Conversations in Ebury Street London: William Heinemann, 1924
Pure Poetry: An Anthology London: Nonesuch Press, 1924
The Pastoral Loves of Daphnis and Chloe London: William Heinemann, 1924
Daphnis and Chloe, Peronnik the Fool New York: Boni & Liveright, 1924
Ulick and Soracha London: Nonesuch Press, 1926
Celibate Lives London: William Heinemann, 1927
The Making of an Immortal New York: Bowling Green Press, 1927
The Passing of the Essenes: A Drama in Three Acts London: William Heinemann, 1930
Aphrodite in Aulis New York: Fountain Press, 1930
The Talking Pine Paris: The Hours Press, 1931
A Communication to My Friends London: Nonesuch Press, 1933
Diarmuid and Grania: A Play in Three Acts Co-written with W. B. Yeats, Edited by Anthony Farrow, Chicago: De Paul, 1974 Letters Moore Versus Harris Detroit: privately printed, 1921
Letters from George Moore to Ed. Dujardin 1886-1922 New York: Crosby Gaige, 1929
Letters of George Moore Bournemouth: Sydenham, 1942
GM: Memories of George Moore by Nancy Cunard. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1956
Letters to Lady Cunard Ed. Rupert Hart-Davis. London: Rupert Hart-Davis, 1957
George Moore in Transition Ed. Helmut E. Gerber, Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1968 | 2023-12-08T00:51:52Z | 2023-12-08T01:13:02Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_works_by_George_Moore |
75,511,685 | Alice Sterling Honig | Alice Sterling Honig (April 19, 1929 – March 7, 2023) was an American college professor and child psychologist. She was a professor of child development at Syracuse University.
Honig was born in New York City, the daughter of William Sterling and Ida Bender Sterling. Both of her parents were Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. Her father worked in the garment trade and her mother was a teacher. She graduated from Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn. She attended Cornell University after school, but left to marry. Later, she graduated from Barnard College, and earned a master's degree from Columbia University. She earned a Ph.D. in developmental psychology from Syracuse University, where she was a graduate assistant of Bettye Caldwell.
Honig was a professor of child development at Syracuse University, program director of the school's Children's Center, and for over 30 years the director of Syracuse's National Quality Infant/Toddler Caregiving Workshop, a summer intensive program. She and pediatrician Frank Oski studied iron deficiency in infants and toddlers in the 1970s. In 1975 she was part of a team of American child development specialists to visit China for a cross-cultural study trip. The Alice Sterling Honig Graduate Research Award is given annually to an outstanding Syracuse student in her field.
Honig was active in the Syracuse University Oratorio Society, and had a broad knowledge of Yiddish folksongs, and lullabies from around the world. She gave interviews and opinions, especially to columnist Lawrence Kutner, on children's television, dawdling, babysitters, baby gym classes, overscheduling, and peer pressure, among other topics. In 2015, she received the Woman of Achievement award from Barnard College alumnae association.
Honig was a prolific author, with over 600 articles and book chapters under her name. She was still publishing articles in academic journals into her nineties. Honig was associate editor of Early Child Development and Care, and edited the review section of Young Children. Books by Honig include:
Alice Sterling married physics professor Arnold Honig. They had three children, Lawrence, Madeleine, and Jonathan. They later divorced. She died in 2023, at the age of 93, in Michigan. | [
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"text": "Honig was born in New York City, the daughter of William Sterling and Ida Bender Sterling. Both of her parents were Jewish immigrants from Eastern Europe. Her father worked in the garment trade and her mother was a teacher. She graduated from Erasmus Hall High School in Brooklyn. She attended Cornell University after school, but left to marry. Later, she graduated from Barnard College, and earned a master's degree from Columbia University. She earned a Ph.D. in developmental psychology from Syracuse University, where she was a graduate assistant of Bettye Caldwell.",
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"title": "Career"
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"text": "Honig was active in the Syracuse University Oratorio Society, and had a broad knowledge of Yiddish folksongs, and lullabies from around the world. She gave interviews and opinions, especially to columnist Lawrence Kutner, on children's television, dawdling, babysitters, baby gym classes, overscheduling, and peer pressure, among other topics. In 2015, she received the Woman of Achievement award from Barnard College alumnae association.",
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"text": "Alice Sterling married physics professor Arnold Honig. They had three children, Lawrence, Madeleine, and Jonathan. They later divorced. She died in 2023, at the age of 93, in Michigan.",
"title": "Personal life"
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] | Alice Sterling Honig was an American college professor and child psychologist. She was a professor of child development at Syracuse University. | 2023-12-08T00:54:27Z | 2023-12-08T16:07:14Z | [
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75,511,686 | Erzsi Orsolya | Erzsi Orsolya (1901–1984) was a Hungarian stage, film and television actress. A character actress, she appeared regularly in supporting roles on screen from the mid-1930s onwards. | [
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] | Erzsi Orsolya (1901–1984) was a Hungarian stage, film and television actress. A character actress, she appeared regularly in supporting roles on screen from the mid-1930s onwards. | 2023-12-08T00:54:40Z | 2023-12-15T15:14:35Z | [
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75,511,693 | Larus elmorei | Larus elmorei is an extinct species of gull that lived during the mid-Pliocene.
The genus name Larus derives from Ancient Greek, referring to a seabird. The species name elmorei derives from the last name of George C. Elmore, Mining Superintendent of the American Agricultural Chemical Company in Florida, who collected the type specimen.
Larus elmorei specimens stem from the Bone Valley Formation in Polk County, Florida. Larus elmorei is most similar in size to the California gull (Larus californicus), being slightly smaller. | [
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"text": "The genus name Larus derives from Ancient Greek, referring to a seabird. The species name elmorei derives from the last name of George C. Elmore, Mining Superintendent of the American Agricultural Chemical Company in Florida, who collected the type specimen.",
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"text": "Larus elmorei specimens stem from the Bone Valley Formation in Polk County, Florida. Larus elmorei is most similar in size to the California gull (Larus californicus), being slightly smaller.",
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] | Larus elmorei is an extinct species of gull that lived during the mid-Pliocene. | 2023-12-08T00:55:33Z | 2023-12-11T05:55:14Z | [
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75,511,696 | Solomon Talbot | Solomon Talbot (August 19, 1814 – August 1, 1913) was an American historian from New England.
In 1893, Talbot designed the corporate seal of Sharon, Massachusetts. It is still used today and is also featured on the town's flag.
Talbot married Emily Eliza Hawes. They had a daughter, Susan Ann Talbot Keith. Talbot had a grandson, Albert Henry "Bert" Keith and a great-granddaughter, Susan Keith Wright.
Talbot is buried at Pearl Street Cemetery in Sharon, Massachusetts. | [
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"text": "Solomon Talbot (August 19, 1814 – August 1, 1913) was an American historian from New England.",
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"text": "In 1893, Talbot designed the corporate seal of Sharon, Massachusetts. It is still used today and is also featured on the town's flag.",
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"text": "Talbot married Emily Eliza Hawes. They had a daughter, Susan Ann Talbot Keith. Talbot had a grandson, Albert Henry \"Bert\" Keith and a great-granddaughter, Susan Keith Wright.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Talbot is buried at Pearl Street Cemetery in Sharon, Massachusetts.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Solomon Talbot was an American historian from New England. | 2023-12-08T00:55:47Z | 2023-12-09T03:26:22Z | [
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75,511,698 | Igor Queiroz | Igor Fernando Alvez de Queiroz (born 24 October 2001) is a Brazilian Greco-Roman wrestler.
Queiroz was at the 2018 Summer Youth Olympics held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, finishing in 5th place in the Boys' Greco-Roman 92 kg category.
At the 2021 Pan American Wrestling Championships held in Guatemala City, he won a bronze medal in the 97 kg category.
A month after winning bronze in the adult Pan American Wrestling Championships, Queiroz was champion of the 2021 Junior Pan American Games.
Queiroz made his World Championship debut at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships, facing Turkish Metehan Basar. He started ahead, but suffered a 1–1 draw in the first round. The Turk scored again and Igor continued in search of the point that would give him a draw and victory. But Basar prevented the Brazilian's attempts and won 2–1. In the next round, Basar was beaten 3-1 by the Armenian Artur Aleksanian and prevented Igor from returning to the repechage.
At the 2022 South American Games, he won a silver medal in the 97 kg category.
At the 2022 U23 World Wrestling Championships, Queiroz reached the semifinals, but was defeated twice in a row, and finished fifth in the Greco-Roman style up to 97 kg category, achieving Brazil's best result in this style considering all the World Championships.
At the 2023 Pan American Wrestling Championships held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Queiroz won a bronze medal in the 97 kg category. The Brazilian, who had won the bronze medal in 2021, won the second senior class medal of his career.
At the 2023 World Wrestling Championships, Queiroz, number 30 in the world ranking, debuted against world runner-up Rustam Assakalov and ended up being eliminated in the first round.
At the 2023 Pan American Games, he won a bronze medal in the Men's Greco-Roman 97 kg category. | [
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"text": "Queiroz made his World Championship debut at the 2022 World Wrestling Championships, facing Turkish Metehan Basar. He started ahead, but suffered a 1–1 draw in the first round. The Turk scored again and Igor continued in search of the point that would give him a draw and victory. But Basar prevented the Brazilian's attempts and won 2–1. In the next round, Basar was beaten 3-1 by the Armenian Artur Aleksanian and prevented Igor from returning to the repechage.",
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"text": "At the 2022 U23 World Wrestling Championships, Queiroz reached the semifinals, but was defeated twice in a row, and finished fifth in the Greco-Roman style up to 97 kg category, achieving Brazil's best result in this style considering all the World Championships.",
"title": "Career"
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"text": "At the 2023 Pan American Wrestling Championships held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, Queiroz won a bronze medal in the 97 kg category. The Brazilian, who had won the bronze medal in 2021, won the second senior class medal of his career.",
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"text": "At the 2023 World Wrestling Championships, Queiroz, number 30 in the world ranking, debuted against world runner-up Rustam Assakalov and ended up being eliminated in the first round.",
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"text": "At the 2023 Pan American Games, he won a bronze medal in the Men's Greco-Roman 97 kg category.",
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] | Igor Fernando Alvez de Queiroz is a Brazilian Greco-Roman wrestler. | 2023-12-08T00:55:56Z | 2023-12-30T11:12:44Z | [
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75,511,717 | Daryl Myntia Daniels | Daryl Myntia Daniels is an American visual artist from Cincinnati, Ohio who is known for her colorful paintings and murals. Her work often addresses themes of community, race, identity, and women's empowerment. Daniels has created murals on display in both Cincinnati and New York City. Additionally, she has exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum, the Hole Gallery, and the Kente Royal Gallery in Harlem.
Daniels earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in painting in 2013 from Ohio University, the first African American woman to do so. She then went on to study at the School of Visual Arts, from which she graduated with a Master of Fine Arts in 2016. In 2018, Daniels illustrated the children's book My Flipping Yaya, which was written by her mother and first gymnastics coach Yonce Daniels. | [
{
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"text": "Daryl Myntia Daniels is an American visual artist from Cincinnati, Ohio who is known for her colorful paintings and murals. Her work often addresses themes of community, race, identity, and women's empowerment. Daniels has created murals on display in both Cincinnati and New York City. Additionally, she has exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum, the Hole Gallery, and the Kente Royal Gallery in Harlem.",
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"text": "Daniels earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in painting in 2013 from Ohio University, the first African American woman to do so. She then went on to study at the School of Visual Arts, from which she graduated with a Master of Fine Arts in 2016. In 2018, Daniels illustrated the children's book My Flipping Yaya, which was written by her mother and first gymnastics coach Yonce Daniels.",
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] | Daryl Myntia Daniels is an American visual artist from Cincinnati, Ohio who is known for her colorful paintings and murals. Her work often addresses themes of community, race, identity, and women's empowerment. Daniels has created murals on display in both Cincinnati and New York City. Additionally, she has exhibited work across the United States, including at the Cincinnati Art Museum, the Hole Gallery, and the Kente Royal Gallery in Harlem. Daniels earned a Bachelor of Fine Arts in painting in 2013 from Ohio University, the first African American woman to do so. She then went on to study at the School of Visual Arts, from which she graduated with a Master of Fine Arts in 2016. In 2018, Daniels illustrated the children's book My Flipping Yaya, which was written by her mother and first gymnastics coach Yonce Daniels. | 2023-12-08T00:58:11Z | 2023-12-08T15:36:59Z | [
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75,511,725 | Conostylis latens | Conostylis latens is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat, green, usually hairy leaves, and greenish-yellow, tubular flowers.
Conostylis latens is a rhizomatous, tufted, perennial, grass-like plant or herb. It has flat, green leaves 100–270 mm (3.9–10.6 in) long and 2.0–3.5 mm (0.079–0.138 in) wide, usually with white, feather-like hairs on the edges. Several flowers are borne on a hemispherical head on a flowering stem 90–200 mm (3.5–7.9 in) long and slightly shorter than the leaves. The perianth is 10–13 mm (0.39–0.51 in) long and pale yellowish-green, ageing to brick red, the lobes 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long and cream-coloured inside. The anthers are 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long and the style 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long. Flowering occurs in August and September.
Conostylis latens was first formally described in 1987 by Stephen Hopper in the Flora of Australia from specimens he collected on Mount Michaud, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) west of Mount Lesueur in 1982. The specific epithet (latens) means "hidden" or "secret", referring to the fact that the species was overlooked until late in the study of Conostylis.
This conostylis grows in sand or sandy soils over laterite in mallee heath, low woodland, winter-wet areas and swamps, mainly between Mount Lesueur and the Moore River in the Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions of south-western Western Australia. | [
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"title": ""
},
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"text": "Conostylis latens is a rhizomatous, tufted, perennial, grass-like plant or herb. It has flat, green leaves 100–270 mm (3.9–10.6 in) long and 2.0–3.5 mm (0.079–0.138 in) wide, usually with white, feather-like hairs on the edges. Several flowers are borne on a hemispherical head on a flowering stem 90–200 mm (3.5–7.9 in) long and slightly shorter than the leaves. The perianth is 10–13 mm (0.39–0.51 in) long and pale yellowish-green, ageing to brick red, the lobes 6–8 mm (0.24–0.31 in) long and cream-coloured inside. The anthers are 3–5 mm (0.12–0.20 in) long and the style 8–10 mm (0.31–0.39 in) long. Flowering occurs in August and September.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Conostylis latens was first formally described in 1987 by Stephen Hopper in the Flora of Australia from specimens he collected on Mount Michaud, 1.5 km (0.93 mi) west of Mount Lesueur in 1982. The specific epithet (latens) means \"hidden\" or \"secret\", referring to the fact that the species was overlooked until late in the study of Conostylis.",
"title": "Taxonomy and naming"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "This conostylis grows in sand or sandy soils over laterite in mallee heath, low woodland, winter-wet areas and swamps, mainly between Mount Lesueur and the Moore River in the Geraldton Sandplains, Jarrah Forest and Swan Coastal Plain bioregions of south-western Western Australia.",
"title": "Distribution and habitat"
}
] | Conostylis latens is a rhizomatous, tufted perennial, grass-like plant or herb in the family Haemodoraceae and is endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It has flat, green, usually hairy leaves, and greenish-yellow, tubular flowers. | 2023-12-08T00:59:13Z | 2023-12-08T00:59:13Z | [
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75,511,772 | Ian Ousley | Ian Ousley is an American actor who is best known for portraying Sokka in the live action Avatar: The Last Airbender, which premieres in 2024.
He had appeared on 3 episodes of 13 Reasons Why.
In August 2021, he was cast as Sokka in the live-action adaptation of Avatar: The Last Airbender. | [
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"text": "In August 2021, he was cast as Sokka in the live-action adaptation of Avatar: The Last Airbender.",
"title": "Biography"
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] | Ian Ousley is an American actor who is best known for portraying Sokka in the live action Avatar: The Last Airbender, which premieres in 2024. | 2023-12-08T01:02:49Z | 2023-12-26T20:19:07Z | [
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75,511,832 | Ros, Belarus | Ros (Belarusian: Рось; Russian: Россь, romanized: Ross) is an urban-type settlement in Vawkavysk District, Grodno Region, Belarus. It is situated on the Ros River, a left tributary of the Neman. As of 2023, it has a population of 4,416. | [
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"text": "Ros (Belarusian: Рось; Russian: Россь, romanized: Ross) is an urban-type settlement in Vawkavysk District, Grodno Region, Belarus. It is situated on the Ros River, a left tributary of the Neman. As of 2023, it has a population of 4,416.",
"title": ""
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] | Ros is an urban-type settlement in Vawkavysk District, Grodno Region, Belarus. It is situated on the Ros River, a left tributary of the Neman. As of 2023, it has a population of 4,416. | 2023-12-08T01:06:08Z | 2023-12-30T03:48:25Z | [
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75,511,879 | Emily Willis | Emily Willis is an American pornographic actress.
Her father is an adherent of Mormonism. Willis was raised under the doctrine of the Latter-Day Saints Movement until she reached the age of majority. At the age of seven she moved to St. George, Utah, USA. She lived in San Diego, where she worked in sales. She later met a man who made an offer for her to do pornography for Girls Do Porn. Her first two scenes were filmed in October 2017, after which she went four months without filming any porn scenes. She has starred in scenes of traditional, lesbian, interracial and anal sex. In May 2020, she starred in her first double penetration scene for The Insatiable Emily Willis produced by Jules Jordan's studio. She is represented by Motley Models, a leading talent agency providing professional guidance and elite branding for adult influencers.
She has filmed for AMK Empire, Blacked, Cherry Pimps, Digital Sin, Evil Angel, Girlfriends Films, Girlsway, Hard X, Naughty America, New Sensations, Nubiles Porn, Pure Taboo, Reality Kings, Team Skeet, Tushy and many other studios.
In May 2019, she was announced by Penthouse magazine as "Pet of the Month". In early 2020, she was named Girl of the Year by porn studio Girlsway.
For her triolism scene featuring Jane Wilde and Joshua Prince in Disciples of Desire: Bad Cop - Bad City, Emily was awarded an XBIZ Award in January 2020. A week later, she wins the Best Anal Scene category of the AVN Awards. In April 2020, she appeared in a music video by rapper G-Eazy for the song "Moana" alongside other porn actresses such as Kira Noir, Alina Lopez and Gabbie Carter. As selected by NightMoves magazine's editorial board, Emily won the NightMoves Award in December 2020 in the "Best Female Performer" category. In January 2021, Emily was announced as the winner of the XBIZ Award in one of the top categories, Best Female Performer of the Year. Later that month, Emily became an eight-time AVN Awards winner, including winning the award's top category, Female Performer of the Year. She was also recognized as XRCO Award Female Performer of the Year. In January 2022, Willis won the XBIZ Award in the Female Performer of the Year category for the second time, becoming the first and currently the only two-time winner in the category. In early May 2022, Willis won two XRCO Award categories, Female Performer of the Year (sharing the win with Gianna Dior) and Awesome Analist of the Year.
As of the end of 2023, she has starred in over 700 porn movies and scenes.
In April 2022, Willis joined the cast of Eddie Alcazar's thriller film Divinity.
On October 12, 2021, the actress filed a defamation lawsuit against fellow pornographic actresses Gianna Dior and Adria Rae, whom she accused of posting information against her on their Twitter profiles and "recklessly and maliciously publishing lies" about herself. The lawsuit, filed in Los Angeles Superior Court, alleges that the tweets in question "were intended to directly damage the professional reputation, character, trade and business of [Willis]" and that Dior and Rae, along with 10 other defendants also named in the complaint, acted in a "deliberate, malicious, oppressive and contemptuous manner with full knowledge of the adverse effect of their actions" to attack Willis. | [
{
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"text": "Emily Willis is an American pornographic actress.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Her father is an adherent of Mormonism. Willis was raised under the doctrine of the Latter-Day Saints Movement until she reached the age of majority. At the age of seven she moved to St. George, Utah, USA. She lived in San Diego, where she worked in sales. She later met a man who made an offer for her to do pornography for Girls Do Porn. Her first two scenes were filmed in October 2017, after which she went four months without filming any porn scenes. She has starred in scenes of traditional, lesbian, interracial and anal sex. In May 2020, she starred in her first double penetration scene for The Insatiable Emily Willis produced by Jules Jordan's studio. She is represented by Motley Models, a leading talent agency providing professional guidance and elite branding for adult influencers.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She has filmed for AMK Empire, Blacked, Cherry Pimps, Digital Sin, Evil Angel, Girlfriends Films, Girlsway, Hard X, Naughty America, New Sensations, Nubiles Porn, Pure Taboo, Reality Kings, Team Skeet, Tushy and many other studios.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In May 2019, she was announced by Penthouse magazine as \"Pet of the Month\". In early 2020, she was named Girl of the Year by porn studio Girlsway.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "For her triolism scene featuring Jane Wilde and Joshua Prince in Disciples of Desire: Bad Cop - Bad City, Emily was awarded an XBIZ Award in January 2020. A week later, she wins the Best Anal Scene category of the AVN Awards. In April 2020, she appeared in a music video by rapper G-Eazy for the song \"Moana\" alongside other porn actresses such as Kira Noir, Alina Lopez and Gabbie Carter. As selected by NightMoves magazine's editorial board, Emily won the NightMoves Award in December 2020 in the \"Best Female Performer\" category. In January 2021, Emily was announced as the winner of the XBIZ Award in one of the top categories, Best Female Performer of the Year. Later that month, Emily became an eight-time AVN Awards winner, including winning the award's top category, Female Performer of the Year. She was also recognized as XRCO Award Female Performer of the Year. In January 2022, Willis won the XBIZ Award in the Female Performer of the Year category for the second time, becoming the first and currently the only two-time winner in the category. In early May 2022, Willis won two XRCO Award categories, Female Performer of the Year (sharing the win with Gianna Dior) and Awesome Analist of the Year.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "As of the end of 2023, she has starred in over 700 porn movies and scenes.",
"title": "Biography"
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{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In April 2022, Willis joined the cast of Eddie Alcazar's thriller film Divinity.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "On October 12, 2021, the actress filed a defamation lawsuit against fellow pornographic actresses Gianna Dior and Adria Rae, whom she accused of posting information against her on their Twitter profiles and \"recklessly and maliciously publishing lies\" about herself. The lawsuit, filed in Los Angeles Superior Court, alleges that the tweets in question \"were intended to directly damage the professional reputation, character, trade and business of [Willis]\" and that Dior and Rae, along with 10 other defendants also named in the complaint, acted in a \"deliberate, malicious, oppressive and contemptuous manner with full knowledge of the adverse effect of their actions\" to attack Willis.",
"title": "Controversy"
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] | Emily Willis is an American pornographic actress. | 2023-12-08T01:10:39Z | 2023-12-29T23:08:29Z | [
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75,511,897 | HMS Sterling (1918) | HMS Sterling was an Admiralty S-class destroyer that served with the Royal Navy at the China Station during the twentieth century. The S class was a development of the R class created during the First World War as a cheaper alternative to the V and W class. Launched in 1918 just before the Armistice, the ship was commissioned in 1919. After a short period based in Harwich, the destroyer was transferred to the China Station. In 1929 and 1931, Sterling was involved in combatting piracy, including helping the crew of the passenger ship Hatching defeat 25 pirates that had secreted themselves amongst the passengers. In 1931, the destroyer was in Kowloon defending Japanese citizens aboard the ocean liner Asama Maru who were under threat from rioters. Soon after, in 1932, Sterling was retired and sold to be broken up in Llanelli. | [
{
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"text": "HMS Sterling was an Admiralty S-class destroyer that served with the Royal Navy at the China Station during the twentieth century. The S class was a development of the R class created during the First World War as a cheaper alternative to the V and W class. Launched in 1918 just before the Armistice, the ship was commissioned in 1919. After a short period based in Harwich, the destroyer was transferred to the China Station. In 1929 and 1931, Sterling was involved in combatting piracy, including helping the crew of the passenger ship Hatching defeat 25 pirates that had secreted themselves amongst the passengers. In 1931, the destroyer was in Kowloon defending Japanese citizens aboard the ocean liner Asama Maru who were under threat from rioters. Soon after, in 1932, Sterling was retired and sold to be broken up in Llanelli.",
"title": ""
}
] | HMS Sterling was an Admiralty S-class destroyer that served with the Royal Navy at the China Station during the twentieth century. The S class was a development of the R class created during the First World War as a cheaper alternative to the V and W class. Launched in 1918 just before the Armistice, the ship was commissioned in 1919. After a short period based in Harwich, the destroyer was transferred to the China Station. In 1929 and 1931, Sterling was involved in combatting piracy, including helping the crew of the passenger ship Hatching defeat 25 pirates that had secreted themselves amongst the passengers. In 1931, the destroyer was in Kowloon defending Japanese citizens aboard the ocean liner Asama Maru who were under threat from rioters. Soon after, in 1932, Sterling was retired and sold to be broken up in Llanelli. | 2023-12-08T01:12:30Z | 2023-12-08T02:03:58Z | [
"Template:Sclass2",
"Template:Ship"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Sterling_(1918) |
75,511,959 | Imre Sörés | Imre Sörés (1907–1986) was a Hungarian art director. He worked in the Hungarian film industry designing film sets for productions from the Horthy era to the postwar Communist period, generally at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Imre Sörés (1907–1986) was a Hungarian art director. He worked in the Hungarian film industry designing film sets for productions from the Horthy era to the postwar Communist period, generally at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest.",
"title": ""
}
] | Imre Sörés (1907–1986) was a Hungarian art director. He worked in the Hungarian film industry designing film sets for productions from the Horthy era to the postwar Communist period, generally at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest. | 2023-12-08T01:16:04Z | 2023-12-26T23:50:44Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imre_S%C3%B6r%C3%A9s |
75,511,968 | ARMH1 | Armadillo-like Helical Domain Containing 1 (ARMH1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by chromosome 1 open reading frame 228, also known as the ARMH1 gene. The gene shows expression levels significantly higher in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and testis. Currently the function of the gene and subsequent protein is still uncertain.
The ARMH1 gene is is found on the plus strand of chromosome 1 between base pairs 45,140,361 and 45,191,784. Other known aliases include P40, NCRNA00082, and most commonly C1orf228. The gene has 13 exons, most of which are concentrated near the poly-A site at the end of the gene and two located upstream from the start codon. The gene is highly expressed in bone marrow and lymph nodes, suggesting an immunological function.
RNA seq data was produced using multiple samples of human tissues at varying stages of development. One study was acquired from 20 separate samples of human tissue showing significantly more expression of ARMH1 in the thymus, trachea, and lungs. A second study shows 27 different tissues samples in 95 different individual subjects. The expression levels are significantly higher in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and testis. A third shows high expression in white blood cells and testis again, corroborating previous studies. A temporal study focused on expression in different stages of develipment collected 35 human fetal samples, from 6 distinct tissues, between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time and sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA. The data slightly favored expression in the adrenal glands throughout development. In each of the other tissues there were no stark changes in expression through time, only a small decline of gene expression as development furthers.
The ARMH1 gene has extensive abilities to alter it's function and size through isoforms. Gene isoforms are mRNAs that are produced from the same locus but are different in their transcription start sites, protein coding DNA sequences and/or untranslated regions, potentially altering gene function. All known isoforms are organized and listed below with information gathered from NCBI gene, and a Bioinformatics tool for calculating molecular weight.
The mRNA for this gene can be spliced in many different ways, making way for approximately 20 known isoforms. The most common mRNA gets spliced down to a coding region that is about 1693 nucleotides long which makes up 440 amino acids in total. In a comprehensive study on oral squamous cell carcinoma, the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide, identified ARMH1 as a gene of interest by comparing healthy subjects mRNA against affected individuals. Through mRNA inhibition of ARMH1, researchers demonstrated significantly reduced leukemic cell proliferation (P=.0041) and leukemic cell migration (P=.0001), as well as a decreased resistance to the chemotherapy drug Cytarabine.
The protein encoded by the gene goes by the same name, Armadillo like containing helical domain 1. The isoelectric point of the ARMH1 protein is around a pH of 5.5. The protein has 2 known major domains, one being a transmembrane domain and the other being a coiled coil. Within the coiled coil domains, the ARMH1 protein has 24 alpha helices. The European Bioinformatics Institute’s analysis of ARMH1 reveals clearly a significantly enriched lysine content as well as a significantly deficient proline count. The protein has been proven to have one major interaction with the human protein known as ABAT. Gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (ABAT) catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) into succinic semialdehyde. Additionally, ABAT expression was associated with glycolysis-related genes, infiltrated immune cells, immunoinhibitors, and immunostimulators in HCC.
The ARMH1 gene is extremely diverse and is found in thousands of different species. From primates to fungus, this gene has been evolutionarily relevant for hundreds of millions of years. While in near relatives such as cows, the similarity score is 91% that of our genome, in species of fungi the similarity ranges between 20-30%. While attempting to find homologs in any round or flat worms, single celled eukaryotes or prokaryotes, plants, or any fungi besides chitrids, there were no significantly similar genes found. Below is a table of orthologous genes in order of sequence similarity compared to the human ARMH1 isoform X1.
The ARMH1 gene and subsequent protein have been extensively linked to leukemia, specifically T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In mostly lymphatic tissue cell lines, T-ALL showed dramatically increased expression of the ARMH1 gene. Bone marrow samples were taken at the initial diagnosis and the conclusion of treatment and ARMH1 along with 5 other genes that were all found to be dramatically changed in expression. To corroborate these findings, once again ARMH1 saw a 1.8x expression increase in samples after diagnosis of leukemia. Higher ARMH1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Armadillo-like Helical Domain Containing 1 (ARMH1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by chromosome 1 open reading frame 228, also known as the ARMH1 gene. The gene shows expression levels significantly higher in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and testis. Currently the function of the gene and subsequent protein is still uncertain.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The ARMH1 gene is is found on the plus strand of chromosome 1 between base pairs 45,140,361 and 45,191,784. Other known aliases include P40, NCRNA00082, and most commonly C1orf228. The gene has 13 exons, most of which are concentrated near the poly-A site at the end of the gene and two located upstream from the start codon. The gene is highly expressed in bone marrow and lymph nodes, suggesting an immunological function.",
"title": "Gene"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "RNA seq data was produced using multiple samples of human tissues at varying stages of development. One study was acquired from 20 separate samples of human tissue showing significantly more expression of ARMH1 in the thymus, trachea, and lungs. A second study shows 27 different tissues samples in 95 different individual subjects. The expression levels are significantly higher in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and testis. A third shows high expression in white blood cells and testis again, corroborating previous studies. A temporal study focused on expression in different stages of develipment collected 35 human fetal samples, from 6 distinct tissues, between 10 and 20 weeks gestational time and sequenced using Illumina TruSeq Stranded Total RNA. The data slightly favored expression in the adrenal glands throughout development. In each of the other tissues there were no stark changes in expression through time, only a small decline of gene expression as development furthers.",
"title": "Gene"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The ARMH1 gene has extensive abilities to alter it's function and size through isoforms. Gene isoforms are mRNAs that are produced from the same locus but are different in their transcription start sites, protein coding DNA sequences and/or untranslated regions, potentially altering gene function. All known isoforms are organized and listed below with information gathered from NCBI gene, and a Bioinformatics tool for calculating molecular weight.",
"title": "Gene"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The mRNA for this gene can be spliced in many different ways, making way for approximately 20 known isoforms. The most common mRNA gets spliced down to a coding region that is about 1693 nucleotides long which makes up 440 amino acids in total. In a comprehensive study on oral squamous cell carcinoma, the sixth most prevalent cancer worldwide, identified ARMH1 as a gene of interest by comparing healthy subjects mRNA against affected individuals. Through mRNA inhibition of ARMH1, researchers demonstrated significantly reduced leukemic cell proliferation (P=.0041) and leukemic cell migration (P=.0001), as well as a decreased resistance to the chemotherapy drug Cytarabine.",
"title": "mRNA"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The protein encoded by the gene goes by the same name, Armadillo like containing helical domain 1. The isoelectric point of the ARMH1 protein is around a pH of 5.5. The protein has 2 known major domains, one being a transmembrane domain and the other being a coiled coil. Within the coiled coil domains, the ARMH1 protein has 24 alpha helices. The European Bioinformatics Institute’s analysis of ARMH1 reveals clearly a significantly enriched lysine content as well as a significantly deficient proline count. The protein has been proven to have one major interaction with the human protein known as ABAT. Gamma-aminobutyric acid transaminase (ABAT) catalyzes the conversion of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) into succinic semialdehyde. Additionally, ABAT expression was associated with glycolysis-related genes, infiltrated immune cells, immunoinhibitors, and immunostimulators in HCC.",
"title": "Protein"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The ARMH1 gene is extremely diverse and is found in thousands of different species. From primates to fungus, this gene has been evolutionarily relevant for hundreds of millions of years. While in near relatives such as cows, the similarity score is 91% that of our genome, in species of fungi the similarity ranges between 20-30%. While attempting to find homologs in any round or flat worms, single celled eukaryotes or prokaryotes, plants, or any fungi besides chitrids, there were no significantly similar genes found. Below is a table of orthologous genes in order of sequence similarity compared to the human ARMH1 isoform X1.",
"title": "Homology and evolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The ARMH1 gene and subsequent protein have been extensively linked to leukemia, specifically T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In mostly lymphatic tissue cell lines, T-ALL showed dramatically increased expression of the ARMH1 gene. Bone marrow samples were taken at the initial diagnosis and the conclusion of treatment and ARMH1 along with 5 other genes that were all found to be dramatically changed in expression. To corroborate these findings, once again ARMH1 saw a 1.8x expression increase in samples after diagnosis of leukemia. Higher ARMH1 expression was significantly associated with poor overall survival.",
"title": "Clinical significance"
}
] | Armadillo-like Helical Domain Containing 1 (ARMH1) is a protein which in humans is encoded by chromosome 1 open reading frame 228, also known as the ARMH1 gene. The gene shows expression levels significantly higher in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and testis. Currently the function of the gene and subsequent protein is still uncertain. | 2023-12-08T01:17:25Z | 2023-12-30T06:17:11Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox gene",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARMH1 |
75,511,981 | 2024 São Paulo FC season | The 2024 season will be São Paulo's 95th season in the club's history and their 64th in the top-flight of Brazilian football. Along with Série A, São Paulo will compete in the Campeonato Paulista, Copa do Brasil, Copa Libertadores and Supercopa do Brasil.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.
Source: Competitions
The draw for the group stage willl be held in March 2024, --:-- PYST (UTC−4), at the CONMEBOL Convention Centre in Luque, Paraguay.
Source:
The league fixtures were announced on TBD.
São Paulo qualified for the 2024 Supercopa do Brasil by winning the 2023 Copa do Brasil. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 season will be São Paulo's 95th season in the club's history and their 64th in the top-flight of Brazilian football. Along with Série A, São Paulo will compete in the Campeonato Paulista, Copa do Brasil, Copa Libertadores and Supercopa do Brasil.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "First-team squad"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "First-team squad"
},
{
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"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "First-team squad"
},
{
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"text": "Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules. Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality.",
"title": "First-team squad"
},
{
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"text": "Source: Competitions",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "",
"title": "Competitions"
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"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The league fixtures were announced on TBD.",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "São Paulo qualified for the 2024 Supercopa do Brasil by winning the 2023 Copa do Brasil.",
"title": "Competitions"
}
] | The 2024 season will be São Paulo's 95th season in the club's history and their 64th in the top-flight of Brazilian football. Along with Série A, São Paulo will compete in the Campeonato Paulista, Copa do Brasil, Copa Libertadores and Supercopa do Brasil. | 2023-12-08T01:20:04Z | 2023-12-31T18:24:19Z | [
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75,511,985 | Larus oregonus | Larus oregonus is an extinct species of gull that lived during the Late Pleistocene.
The genus name Larus derives from Ancient Greek, referring to a seabird. The species name oregonus derives from Oregon, the state where Edward Drinker Cope collected the type specimen.
Larus oregonus specimens stem from Fossil Lake, Oregon and Camp Cady, California. Larus oregonus is about the same size as the ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Larus oregonus is an extinct species of gull that lived during the Late Pleistocene.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The genus name Larus derives from Ancient Greek, referring to a seabird. The species name oregonus derives from Oregon, the state where Edward Drinker Cope collected the type specimen.",
"title": "Etymology"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Larus oregonus specimens stem from Fossil Lake, Oregon and Camp Cady, California. Larus oregonus is about the same size as the ring-billed gull (Larus delawarensis).",
"title": "Description"
}
] | Larus oregonus is an extinct species of gull that lived during the Late Pleistocene. | 2023-12-08T01:21:00Z | 2023-12-12T18:36:19Z | [
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"Template:Taxonbar",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larus_oregonus |
75,511,992 | The Snake-Prince Sleepy-Head | The Snake-Prince Sleepy-Head is an Iranian folktale published by Emily Lorimer and David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer in their collection Persian Tales, in 1919. It is related to the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom or The Search for the Lost Husband, in that a human princess marries a supernatural husband or man in animal form, loses him and has to seek him out.
According to scholarship, many variants of the cycle are reported to exist in Iran, and the usual form of the animal husband is that of a snake or serpent.
The Lorimer couple sourced the tale from Kermani. German scholar Ulrich Marzolph [de] sourced it from Kermān.
The tale was also translated into Italian as Il principe serpente and Mir Mast, il Principe Serpente, and into German as Der Schlangenprinz, and into Hungarian as A kígyóherceg meséje.
In a kingdom, a king's wife and a wazir's wife are expecting their respective children, and promise to marry their children to each other. The king's wife gives birth to a black serpent named Mir Mast or Khumar (Mīz Mast o Khumār, or "Prince Sleepy-Head"), and the vizir's wife to a girl they name Mèr-Nigā ("Eye of Grace"). They grow up together and, when they reach marriageable age, the king orders the wazir to marry their children to each other. Out of fear for the monarch, the wazir consents to Mer-Niga's marriage to the snake.
On the wedding night, the prince takes off the snakeskin and becomes a handsome youth, then wears back the skin in the morning. Time passes, the queen learns of her son's true nature, then talks to her daughter-in-law, asking her to learn about how to destroy the snakeskin. Mer-Niga does as the queen suggested: the prince tells her she must burn the shed snakeskin in a special pyre, "made with the shell of an egg, the handle of a sweeping-brush, and the hair of a dog's tail", but warns her that if she does that, she will never see him again. Mer-Niga burns the snakeskin in the pyre; Miz Mast o Khumar appears and curses her to never see him again until she wears down seven pairs of iron shoes and seven paper cloaks, then vanishes.
Mer-Niga does as instructed and walks for a long time, until she reaches a stream where a slave-girl is fetching water. The princess asks the slave-girl about her master and she answers: Prince Sleepy-Head, whom she fetching water to, since the prince is marrying his aunt's daughter. Mer-Niga requests the girl to throw her ring into the jug for Prince Sleepy-Head. The slave-girl gets the ring inside the jug and takes it to her master. When Mir Mast or Khumar is washing his hands, the ring drops from the jug, which he recognizes. He then asks the slave-girl the meaning of the ring, and the slave-girl informs him about the wanderer by the stream. Mir Mast goes outside and meets his wife, but warns her about his aunt, so he will bring her in and pass her off as another slave-girl. He also gives Mer-Niga some strands of his hair to burn if she needs his help.
Mir Mast convinces his aunt to hire Mer Niga as her maid and his aunt soon sends her on difficult tasks: first, she receives a pearl-encrusted sweeping broom that she must use and not drop a single pearl. When Mer-Niga tries to sweep the floor, the pearls fall off, and she burns her husband's hair to summon his help. He performs the task for her, and she goes to inform his aunt, who suspects she had Mir Mast or Khumar's help. Next, Mer-Niga is ordered to sprinkle the floor with a colander, which she cannot do again and summons her husband to help her.
Thirdly, his aunt hides some insects inside a casket and gives it to Mer Niga, claiming it contains pearls, for her to deliver to "Such and Such a place", and gives her instructions: to place bones for a horse and straw for a dog, keep locked doors shut and open doors as such, avoid passing by a hollow of dirt and blood. Still on the way, Mer Niga opens the casket and hordes of insects crawl on her. She throws her husband's hair into the fire, he appears, collects the insects and locks them up in the box again, then advises his wife on how to proceed: she shall give a bone to a dog and straw to a horse; open a closed door and shut an open one; compliment a hollow full of dirt and blood by saying it contains honey and drop the casket there. Mer-Niga follows his instructions to the letter, drops the casket and rushes back, when a voice behind her commands the doors, the hollow and the animals to stop her, but her kind actions swayed them over to her side.
At last, the prince's aunt forces Mer Niga to hold candles on her fingers to illuminate her husband's bridal procession. Mer-Niga complains her fingers are burning, while Miz Mast or Khumar that it is his heart that is. After the wedding, the Snake Prince advises his human wife to say goodbye to every object in the house before they escape, while he cuts off his cousin's head. Mer Niga and Miz Mast or Khumar escape from his aunt's house and take some objects with them: reeds, needle, salt and some seafoam. When they are on the road, a single object in the house, a one-pound weight, alerts his aunt of the couple's escape, and the creature and her husband, who are Divs, chase after them.
The divs go after the couple, who throw the objects behind them, with Miz Mast o Khumār invoking God's and the Prophet Sulémān's help, to hinder their pursuers: the reed becomes a reed-brake, the needle a grove of needles, the salt a salt-marsh and finally the seafoam a vast sea between them and the divs. On the other margin, the div couple ask their nephew how he crossed the sea, and Miz Mast o Khumar lies to them to simply step on a stone in the middle of the sea. The divs fall for his trick, sink the bottom and drown. Mer-Niga and Miz Mast o Khumar return home and celebrate a new wedding.
In his Catalogue of Persian Folktales, German scholar Ulrich Marzolph [de] classified the tale as his type AaTh 425B, Der Tierbräutigam: Die böse Zauberin ("The Animal Bridegroom: The Evil Sorceress"). Marzolph's typing corresponds to type ATU 425B, "The Son of the Witch", of the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index. Type 425B is considered by scholarship to correspond to the ancient Graeco-Roman myth of Cupid and Psyche, that is, the supernatural husband's mother forces the heroine, her daughter-in-law, to perform difficult and impossible tasks for her.
According to Swedish scholar Jan-Öjvind Swahn [sv]'s study on Animal as Bridegroom tales, a characteristic motif that occurs in the "Indo-Persian" area is the heroine using a ring to signal her arrival to her husband, when she finds his location.
The heroine and her supernatural husband escape in a Magic Flight sequence, that is, the characters either throw magic objects to delay their pursuers, or change into other forms to deceive them. Although this episode is more characteristic of tale type ATU 313, "The Magic Flight", some variants of type ATU 425B also show it as a closing episode. German literary critic Walter Puchner argues that the motif attached itself to type 425B, as a Wandermotiv ("Wandering motif").
According to Marzolph's index, Iranian type 425B concludes with the episode the "Magic Flight": by throwing objects behind them, the heroes create magic obstacles, e.g., a pack of needles becomes a field of needles, salt creates a plain of salt, and the water creates a sea or a river.
Folklorist Margaret Mills disagrees with Jan-Öjvind's assessment in regards to the distribution of variants of the tale type in Persian language. She stated that "in [her] experience" the tale was one of the "most performed" in that language. A similar observation was given by professor Mahomed-Nuri Osmanovich Osmanov [ru]: he listed 7 versions of a similar Iranian variant, some found, for instance, in Dezful and Kashmar. In addition, according to Inge Höpfner, Iran registers many ("vielen") variants of the cycle.
In another tale translated by Osmanov as "Мирза Масту-Хумар и Биби-Мехрнегар" ("Mirza Mastu-Khumar and Bibi-Mehrnegar"), a padishah looks himself in the mirror and, upon noticing his first gray hairs, sighs that he does not have any heirs. Fortunately, a dervish appears and gives a pomegranate to his wife and an apple to the vizir's, as a birthing implement to cure their barrenness. The vizir's wife gives birth to a daughter they call Bibi-Mehrnegar, and the shah's to a black snake Mirza Mastu-Khumar. They arrange for a marriage between their children. Mirza Mastu-Khumar takes off his snake skin at night and shows his human form to his wife. At her father-in-law's insistence, she burns the snake skin and the man tells her she must wear down seven pairs of iron shoes on her way back to him. During her journey, she meets seven divs. Her last stop is by a spring, where she begs for a drink of water. She puts her ring inside the jug that is taken to her husband. Mirza Mastu-Khumar recognizes the ring, brings Bibi-Mehrnegar to his house as a servant and makes his div family promise not to harm her. His aunt forces the girl to do chores around the house: to sweep the floor with a beaded broom and not to lose any bead, and to water the yard with a sieve. Lastly, the div asks her to take a "dancing box" to the div's brother and to bring another box from him. On the way, she opens the div's box and dancers and musicians escape from the box and begins to dance and play instruments. She uses a tuft of hair to summon her husband, who helps her to close the box. He also warns her to go to the div's brother's house, open the closed doors and close the opened ones, give hay to a horse and a bone to a dog, compliment everything on the way, get the box and escape from there as quick as she can. She follows his instructions to the letter. Some time later, his family forces Mirza Mastu-Khumar to marry another woman, and places Bibi-Mehrnegar as a torchbearer, by placing ten candles on her fingers. That night, Mirza Mastu-Khumar kills his new bride and escapes with his true wife. His aunt follows them and they throw objects behind them to create magical obstacles: Mirza Mastu-Khumar calls upon the name of Shahmardan, Jam and Suleiman, and a reed becomes a thicket of reeds to block their pursuer's path, then a needle becomes a bush of needles, a grain of salt becomes a salt marsh, and lastly seafoam becomes a wide sea. Mirza Mastu-Khumar's relatives are stopped in their tracks by the sea and ask him how they can cross it; the man tells them to step on some stones on the water surface. His relatives fall for his trick and sink to the bottom of the sea. According to Osmanov and Iranian author Ahmad Shamlou, the tale was previously published in the "Пеяме ноу" ("Peyame Nou"), a Soviet-Iranian cultural journal, and Shamlou considered it to be the "Tehrani version" of the tale "Bibi Nagar and Mirza Ghast Khamar", which he collected from an Afghani source.
In another Iranian variant, published by professor Osmanov with the title "Змеиный Царь" ("The Serpent Tsar"), a poor woodcutter is approached by a serpent, who asks him one of his daughter's hands in marriage. Only the youngest, named Mehrnegar, attends the serpent's request. The serpent comes to take her as an animal, but takes off its skin and becomes a handsome man, to her sisters' consternation and jealousy. Mehrnegar rejects the man at first, but he explains he is the serpent, born of a peri, and both leave for their new home. One day, Mehrnegar is visited by her sisters, who push her to ask her husband about the snakeskin. He answers her that the skin can be burnt in a bonfire with onion and garlic peels. The sisters overhear their conversation and, while the couple is asleep, they toss the skin in the fire. The Serpent Tsar wakes up and admonishes his wife. Mehrnegar begs him to forgive her, but he says he will become two pigeons she must try to capture; otherwise, Mehrnegar must wear a pair of iron shoes and walk with an iron cane until she finds a snake burrow. The girl fails in getting the birds, which escape. Mehrnegar dresses just as her husband instructed and goes on a journey; she passes by a herd of camels and a splendid garden with fruits, flowers and chirping birds - all belonging to her husband. She reaches a spring near a snake burrow and sees a servant girl coming to fetch water. She asks for a drink. The servant refuses and Mehrnegar curses the water to become pus and blood. The servant takes the water to her master, the Serpent Tsar, who sends the servant to the fountain to get clean water again. Mehrnegar gets her drink, and puts her ring on the jug. When the Serpent Tsar washes his hands with the water jug, he notices the ring. He goes back to the spring and brings his wife home. He explains to Mehrnegar that his mother is preparing his wedding to his cousin, and decides to protect his true wife by telling everyone she is an orphan in need of a job. The Serpent Tsar's mother forces Mehrnegar to give water to serpents with a sieve, and to carry a letter to her sister and trade it for scissors. The Serpent Tsar instructs his wife to compliment the objects on the way and to feed correctly the horse and the dog, get the scissors and leave as quick as possible. Finally, the Serpent Tsar's Mother places burning candles on Mehrnegar's hands, telling her to hold them until they go out. The Serpent Tsar and the false bride are led into their chambers, as Mehrnegar mourns her fate in the stables. Suddenly, her husband appears and convinces her to escape with him, saying he killed his second wife. Mehrnegar and the Serpent Tsar escape. His mother and family notice his absence and go after them. The couple escape by throwing needles, a handful of salt and a water skin, which transform into a forest, a mountain and a lake, to hinder the pursuit.
In a tale from Northeastern Iran with the title "شاهِ خِسته خُمار" ("Shah Khasta Khumar"), a sultan has a beautiful daughter named Mahnagar, still single. Worried about her lack of a husband, his viziers admit that it is past time she married, so he sets a suitor test: he sticks a pole on the ground, and declares whoever removes it shall marry Mahnagar. Time passes, and many suitors come and try, to no avail. This continues on until one day a snake appears, wraps itself around the pole and removes it from the ground. Surprised, the Sultan has no choice but to deliver his daughter to the snake ("mâr", in the original). The sultan marries Mahnagar and she walks towards the snake's palace, all the while in tears. The snake approaches her and asks if she is afraid of him; she replies she fears the snake will devour her. To assuage her fears, he makes her promise not to burn his snakeskin, and removes his snakeskin, showing his human form. Mahnagar feels calmer and happy that her husband is a normal man. They live as husband as wife for some time. A few days later, an old woman comes to their palace and suggests Mahnagar burns the snakeskin to keep him human forever. Mahnagar heeds the old woman's words, takes her husband's snakeskin and burns it. The snake youth appears to her and laments that she could not keep her promise, and says she will have to wear down seven pairs of iron shoes in questing for him, gives her his ring, then vanishes.
Mahnagar cries over her loss, then puts on the iron shoes and begins her journey through mountains, deserts and provinces, until, by the time her seventh pair is worn down, she reaches a city, the City of Snakes, where her husband, whom the story explains is named Shah Khasta Khumar, lives. She stops by a fountain to rest and sees a servant coming to fetch water. Mahnagar asks for a bit of water to drink and drops her husband's ring inside the jar. The servant then takes the jug to his master, Shah Khasta Khumar. He finds his ring in the jar and goes outside his house to retrieve his wife. They reunite, and Shah Khasta Khumar warns her about his parents, who will wish to kill her.
After he takes his wife home, his parents discover she is a human named Mahnagar, and plan to get rid of her. His mother conspires with her sister, and, one day, orders Mahnagar to go to her husband's aunt's house and fetch from there a tambourine. Before she departs, Shah Khasta Khumar intercepts her and advises her how to proceed: exchange the correct fodder for a dog and a camel, compliment a crooked wall by saying it looks straight, compliment a stream of muddy water by saying it is filled with clear water. Mahnagar follows his instructions, reaches her husband's aunt's house, takes the tambourine and rushes back through the same path. Shah Khasta Khumar's aunt commands the stream, the wall and the animals to stop her, but they remain still.
Finally, after Mahnagar brings back the tambourine, her mother-in-law is furious her plans failed. Realizing his human wife could be killed at any moment by his parents, Shah Khasta Khumar decides to escape with her. He takes some needles, a bit of salt, and a jug of water, and leave the city of snakes behind them. When his parents notice Shah Khasta Khumar escaped, they go after the fleeing couple with a cadre of snakes. Back to Shah Khasta Khumar and Mahnagar, he throws behind them the needles to injure the snakes, and the salt to hurt their wounds. Lastly, when the snakes are closing in on them, Shah Khasta Khumar drops the jug of water on the ground to create a wide sea between them. On the other side of the sea, his snake family tries to call for him, but the couple are far too distant at this point. They finally reach Mahnagar's father's kingdom, and remarry.
Persian scholar Abolqasem Faqiri [fa] collected an Iranian tale from Fars Province with the title "خفت خمار و مهری نگار" or Khaft khomâr and Mehr-Negâr. In this tale, a merchant wants to go on a trip, and asks his daughters which presents he can bring them. The youngest, named Mehr-Negâr, asks for a cluster of pearls. The merchant goes on a trip and finds his youngest's gift in a garden. He asks the owner of the garden if he can fetch them, and the owner, named Khaft khomâr, agrees, in exchange for the merchant's daughter in marriage. The merchant agrees, and they sign the marriage papers. The merchant brings the cluster to his daughter, and days later, a cadre of snakes come to fetch their master's bride. On the wedding night, Mehr-Negâr finds out that someone invisible is eating dinner with her. The snakes bid their master reveal himself to his bride, and he shows his true face: a handsome youth. He tells her to say her husband is a human being, and to keep his Jinn nature a secret. For the following weeks, Mehr-Negâr's mother and aunt visit her and insist to know her husband's identity, but she keeps replying he is human. Her aunt takes out a knife and threatens her niece to reveal the truth, which she does, out of fear for life. That same night, Khaft khomâr appears to her, knowing that she failed to keep his secret, and says she can find him again if she wears down seven pairs of iron shoes, then vanishes. Mehr-Negâr cries for his disappearance, but decides to look for him in iron shoes and with an iron cane. On wearing down six of the pairs, on the seventh she reaches a garden, and asks a passing black servant whose garden it is: Khaft khomâr. Mehr-Negâr asks for a drink of water and drops a ring inside the servant's jug, which he brings to his master. Khaft khomâr notices the ring and goes outside to meet his wife, then turns her into a handkerchief with a spell.
He enters his house and his mother can still sense a human smell. To protect her, he turns her into a needle, then a broom, but eventually turns back into human and introduces her as a servant who has come to work in his wedding preparations. However, Khaft khomâr's mother begins to hate this new servant, orders her on increasingly difficult tasks, like sweeping the desert and filling a water tank with a sieve, which her husband fulfills for her. One day, his mother orders her to go to her sister and fetch from there the "Qawwali box ("جعبه قوالی", in the original) of the Mutarabi [fa]" ("مطربی", in the original). Khaft khomâr intercepts his wife and advises her how to proceed: open every closed door and close all open ones, compliment a dog, compliment the thorns of a branch by saying it contains crystal needles, meet his aunt, get the box from his aunt and rush back. Mehr-Negâr follows her husband's instructions to the letter, gets the box and escape, his aunt command the dog, the thorns, and the doors to stop her. At a safe distance, she opens the box and an army of people come out to play drums. Khaft khomâr appears to her and locks everyone inside the box, then accompanies her back to his mother's house. Seeing that her plans failed, Khaft khomâr's mother decides to destroy her human daughter-in-law during her son's wedding to his cousin. However, Khaft khomâr anticipates his mother's ploy and asks Mehr-Negâr to trade clothes with his cousin. His Div-mother and Div-aunt take the false Mehr-Negâr and devour her, but notice the deception and discover Khaft-khomâr has fled with his human wife. The pair goes after them. On the road, Khaft khomâr throws objects behind him to deter his mother and aunt: first, he drops some needles which become a field of them, hurting the duo of pursuers; next, he drops a portion of salt that becomes a sea of salt between him and his relatives. On the other side of the sea, his mother and aunt ask him how they can cross the body of water, and Khaft khomâr says they just have to step on the stone and reed. They follow his false advice and sink to the bottom of the sea, never to return.
In an Iranian tale from Khorasan with the title "مهریننگار و سلطان مار" ("Mehrinnagar and Sultan Mar"), an old man has three daughters, the youngest named Mehrinnagar and the most beautiful. He earns their living by gathering thorns and selling them. One day, he finds a large snake on his bundle of thorns and salutes the animal. The snake begins to talk and orders the man to give him one of his daughters. The man goes back home and tells his daughters the situation, saying that the snake will come on a certain date, when there is good weather. After hearing their father's tale, the elder two refuse to marry the snake, while the youngest agrees. On the assigned day, a retinue of snakes wait by the man's door for Mehrinnagar, who comes outside and sits on one of the snakes' back to be taken to her new home. After a while, the snakes reach a garden and bring the girl to their master inside a palace, the large snake waiting for her in a room. Suddenly, the large snake takes off his snakeskin to become a handsome youth, who warns his wife not to tell anyone, not even her parents, about this.
Time passes, and Mehrinnagar's mother and sisters pay her a visit. Seeing that their cadette is living a nice life, the sisters begin to feel envy and ask Mehrinnagar about her husband. Pushed by their words, she tells them about the youth behind the snakeskin, and they, even her mother, suggest she burns it. Later, when Sultan Mar comes home, Mehrinnagar tells him she will burn his snakeskin. He pleads with her not to do it, but, if she wants to go with it, he will turn into a bird and circle room three times, and she must catch him before he flies away. If she fails to do it, she will have to wear iron garments (dress and shoes), walk with an iron cane until they all wear down. She will also pass by herds of sheep, cows and camels which belongs to him, until she finally reaches a spring, where a slave will be fetching water for him. She will curse the water for become pus and blood, and, after the slave fetches another jug, she will drop her ring inside it, which will serve to remind Sultan Mar his wife is near.
Ignoring his words of prophecy, she burns the snakeskin, and, to her surprise, it happens as he predicted: Sultan Mar turns into a bird and circles the room three times, then flies away. Mehrinnagar cannot catch him, and cries over her grave mistake. She then commissions iron garments from a blacksmith and begins her journey. Just as her husband predicted, she passes by his herds of sheep, cows and camels, and, feeling hunger, asks for some food, by the herdsmen forbid it, since the herds belong to their master, Sultan Mar. Finally, she reaches a spring with a tree nearby, and sees a slave fetching water with a jug. Mehrinnagar asks the slave for a drink of water, but the slave denies her. In anger, the girl curses the water to become pus and blood. The slave brings the water to her master, Sultan Mar, who notices that the water changed into pus and blood, and realizes his wife is nearby. He then sends the slave back to the spring and orders her to fulfill the wanderer's request. The slave goes back to the spring and gives Mehrinnagar some water to drink, and she secretly drops her ring inside the jug. The next time, the ring falls on his hands when he washes his hands, and he goes to retrieve his wife. After they meet outside, Sultan Mar explains he is a prince, kidnapped and raised by the demons, and is able to alternate between serpent and human forms.
He brings her home to his mother and introduces her to his mother as a servant. For the next days, Sultan Mar's mother forces her on hard tasks: first, she is to weep all over the floor and wash it with her eyebrows - Sultan Mar chants a spell to summon a gust of wind and a cloud of rain to fulfill the task for her. Next, the demon mother orders Mehrinnagar to go to her sister, get a sieve from there and use it to fill jugs with water. Warned by her husband, Mehrinnagar goes to his aunt's house, takes the sieve and rushes back to fill the jugs with water. Lastly, his mother betrothes him to his cousin, and she orders Mehrinnagar to hold ten candles on her fingers and illuminate her son's chamber for the whole night. Unable to avoid it, she stands and holds the candles, but curls in a corner of his room. Her husband appears to her and, uttering a magical word, creates an invisible glove around her fingers to protect her. As his bride enters the wedding chambers, Sultan Mar bemoans that his heart and soul are burning, while Mehrinnagar states that it is her fingers that are. After his bride falls asleep, Sultan Mar talks to his wife they need to escape, and tells her to get a jar, a sack of salt, and three packs of needles (one with thin, another with thick, and third with sewing needles). Then, she will have to pass by a crumbling wall and compliment it, by a crooked tree and compliment it, exchange the fodder of two animals (grass for a camel, bone for a dog), and at the end of the path, he will come and take her.
It happens as he described: while Sultan Mar kills his cousin and hides her head in a chest, Mehrinnagar passes by the strange path and tells the wall, the tree and the animals her husband's mother and aunt are after her. By treating them with kindness, Mehrinnagar is allowed to pass and finds her husband at the end of the path, and both escape, him warning her not to look back. She obeys and runs close to her husband, as his relatives chase after them. To deter the pursuit: Sultan Mar tosses the packs of needles behind them, first the thin ones, then the thick ones, and finally the sewing needles (juwaldaz). Failing that, he throws behind the salt to create a sea of salt, and finally the jug of water, which creates a sea behind them. Thinking they can cross the sea, Sultan Mar's mother and aunt try to wade through and drown. Free at last, Sultan Mar and Mehrinnagar return to their palace.
Another variant was published in Spanish language with the title Bibi Negar, la Amada Buena, y Heydar Mar, el marido serpiente ("Bibi Negar, the good spouse, and Heydar Mar, the serpent husband"). Its collectors classified the tale as types 312A (man promises daughter to animal under threat of death), 425A (marriage to animal husband, his subsequent disappearance and his wife's search) and 428 (girl as servant to an ogre and assigned dangerous tasks).
In a Khorasan Turkic tale collected from a source in Bojnurd in 1973 and published in 1977, a poor man lives with his three beautiful daughters, and earns his living by gathering and selling bushes. One day, when he has finished a bundle, he tries to carry it, but it is too heavy. When he goes to check it, he finds a snake in the bushes. He tries to shoo it away, but the snake begins to talk and demands the man's elder daughter in marriage, otherwise it will devour him. The man is let go, returns home and tells his elder daughter about the situation. She refuses to marry the snake. The man returns to the snake the next day, and the animal, after the elder's refusal, tells the man to ask the middle daughter. She also refuses. The third day, the snake demands the man asks the third daughter, and she accepts. The man returns to inform the snake, which is delighted at the situation, and tells the man to come home and wait for three winds that will anounce he is coming to get his bride: first, a red, then a white one, and lastly a black. The man returns home and waits for the winds to come. It happens thus, and he prepares his youngest daughter to go with a large retinue with snakes on horses that has come to fetch her. He lets his daughter go, and she departs. Some time later, the man goes to visit his daughter, worried about her, and finds their house filled with jewels, and his son-in-law, instead of a snake, has turned into a handsome male. The man returns home and his elder daughters pester him to know about their cadette. He is a bit worried about the snake biting the girls, but the duo ignore his warnings and go to their brother-in-law's house. Once there, they spot the snake coming, taking off the snakeskin to become a handsome youth, making ablutions, then returning to the snake disguise and slithering to the desert. The girls meet their sister and convince her to ask her husband how to destroy the snakeskin. When her snake husband returns home, she asks him about it; in retaliation, he slaps her, admonishing that if she does it, she will have to seek him with an iron rod and a pair of shoes. After assuaging her husband she does not plan to do so, he reveals it: burn the skin in garlic and onion peels. The elder sisters overhear it, then go to the market to buy the ingredients. That night, after he doffs the snakeskin one more time, the elder sister burn the snakeskin; the snake husband (whom the story calls "Salman") turns into a dove and flies away. The girl, named Mehrinigar, commissions the iron rod and shoes from a blacksmith and goes in search for him. She passes by a herd of chickens and a herd of cattle, which the shepherds tell belong to her husband Salman as her brideprice. Mehrinigar finally reaches a fountain and sees a girl fetching water. Mehrinigar asks for some, but the girl says it is for her brother Salman and denies her. Mehrinigar then curses the water to become blood. When Salman tries to use the water, he sees the blood and sends his sister back to the fountain, telling her to give the wanderer some water. His orders are carried out, and Mehrinigar, while drinking the water, drops her ring into it. Salman finds the ring and asks his sister to bring the wanderer inside. The couple reunite and spend some time together. Later, Salman takes his wife to a hut in a vineyard, where she finds a strange bottle: Salman explains it contains the life of his mother. Mehrinigar drops the bottle to the floor, it breaks and a storm bursts, causing them to fall asleep. When they wake, they start to live together. Professor Sultan Tulu translated the tale to Turkish, titling itYaşlı Adam ve Üç Kızı ("The Old Man and His Three Daughters"), and classified it as type ATh 425.
In another Khorasan Turkic tale, the father of three sisters remarries, and his new wife mistreats the girls. One day, they leave home and rest under a tree to talk about their marriage plans. The youngest sister declares that she will marry whomever fate sends her. A male peri that was on the tree overhears this and sends a man to ask for the girl, then takes her to the peri. The peri puts on a snakeskin disguise and goes to meet the girl, scaring off the elder sisters, but not his intended bride. The youngest girl faces the snake and the animal, in return, shows her his true face: the male peri. They spend the nights together, he puts on the snakeskin in the morning and slithers away, only to return at night. One day, the peri warns the girl not to tell anything to her elder sisters, but to lie that he is only a snake, lest he vanishes and she has to find him with an iron cane and in iron shoes. Her elder sisters appear to her and warn her that she may be bitten, for he is but a snake. The girl then reveals he is human under the snakeskin, and the peri returns to his own homeland. The girl waits for him to come back for the next nights, but he does not. After two years, remembering the peri's warnings and the ring he gave her, she buys an iron staff and a pair of iron shoes and goes after him. She passes by some people plowing the fields, then by a camel herd, and lastly by a ship docked in a port - all of it belonging to Hocahast (or Xoĵaxast), as a gift to his wife Mehrinigar. After passing the ship, she reaches a spring, where a maidservant is fetching water for her master, Hocahast. The peri master, inside the nearby house, smells a human scent on the servant, and sends her back fetch more water. Mehrinigar finds the maidservant crying and helps her with the water, then secretly drops her ring in the jug. Inside the house, Hocahast finds the ring and, realizing his wife is there, goes to meet her by the spring. They reunite, but Hocahast warns her his mother is a "giant" that will devour her, and turns his wife into a pin with a prayer. He then returns inside. His giantess mother appears and smells something human. Hocahast asks his mother to swear on Prophet Suleiman before he introduces Mehrinigar to her. The giantess makes the vow, and Hocahast turns his wife back into human form. After a while, the giantess decides to send Mehrinigar to her sister. Before she goes there, Hocahast intercepts her and advises her on how to proceed: she will find a crumbling wall which she is to compliment and sit nearby it; then, she is to exchange the fodder for two animals (bone for a dog, grass for a camel), open a closed door and close an open one, and finally, when meeting his aunt, she is to circle her as a demonstration of respect. Mehrinigar does as instructed: she exchanges the animals' fodder, opens the doors, compliments the wall, and finds his aunt. Hocahast's aunt notices she must have been told what to do, but, regardless, orders her to take some things and bring to her sister. Mehrinigar fulfills the order and rushes back to her mother-in-law's house. Hocahast's aunt then orders the objects and animals to stop her, but they remain still. Hocahast's mother is satisfied with her daughter-in-law's efforts, and tells Hocahast to take her for a stroll amidst the vineyard, but they must not enter the hut. In the vineyard, Mehrinigar sees the hut and wants to know what it is inside. She opens the door and finds a bottle inside; she tries to grab it, but it slips her hands and crashes on the floor. Hocahast's mother dies instantly, for the bottle contained her "life". Now free, Mehrinigar and Hocahast live in happiness. Professor Sultan Tulu translated the tale to Turkish language, titling it Üç kızkardeş ("Three Sisters"), and classified it as type ATh 425. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Snake-Prince Sleepy-Head is an Iranian folktale published by Emily Lorimer and David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer in their collection Persian Tales, in 1919. It is related to the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom or The Search for the Lost Husband, in that a human princess marries a supernatural husband or man in animal form, loses him and has to seek him out.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "According to scholarship, many variants of the cycle are reported to exist in Iran, and the usual form of the animal husband is that of a snake or serpent.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Lorimer couple sourced the tale from Kermani. German scholar Ulrich Marzolph [de] sourced it from Kermān.",
"title": "Source"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The tale was also translated into Italian as Il principe serpente and Mir Mast, il Principe Serpente, and into German as Der Schlangenprinz, and into Hungarian as A kígyóherceg meséje.",
"title": "Translations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In a kingdom, a king's wife and a wazir's wife are expecting their respective children, and promise to marry their children to each other. The king's wife gives birth to a black serpent named Mir Mast or Khumar (Mīz Mast o Khumār, or \"Prince Sleepy-Head\"), and the vizir's wife to a girl they name Mèr-Nigā (\"Eye of Grace\"). They grow up together and, when they reach marriageable age, the king orders the wazir to marry their children to each other. Out of fear for the monarch, the wazir consents to Mer-Niga's marriage to the snake.",
"title": "Summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On the wedding night, the prince takes off the snakeskin and becomes a handsome youth, then wears back the skin in the morning. Time passes, the queen learns of her son's true nature, then talks to her daughter-in-law, asking her to learn about how to destroy the snakeskin. Mer-Niga does as the queen suggested: the prince tells her she must burn the shed snakeskin in a special pyre, \"made with the shell of an egg, the handle of a sweeping-brush, and the hair of a dog's tail\", but warns her that if she does that, she will never see him again. Mer-Niga burns the snakeskin in the pyre; Miz Mast o Khumar appears and curses her to never see him again until she wears down seven pairs of iron shoes and seven paper cloaks, then vanishes.",
"title": "Summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Mer-Niga does as instructed and walks for a long time, until she reaches a stream where a slave-girl is fetching water. The princess asks the slave-girl about her master and she answers: Prince Sleepy-Head, whom she fetching water to, since the prince is marrying his aunt's daughter. Mer-Niga requests the girl to throw her ring into the jug for Prince Sleepy-Head. The slave-girl gets the ring inside the jug and takes it to her master. When Mir Mast or Khumar is washing his hands, the ring drops from the jug, which he recognizes. He then asks the slave-girl the meaning of the ring, and the slave-girl informs him about the wanderer by the stream. Mir Mast goes outside and meets his wife, but warns her about his aunt, so he will bring her in and pass her off as another slave-girl. He also gives Mer-Niga some strands of his hair to burn if she needs his help.",
"title": "Summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Mir Mast convinces his aunt to hire Mer Niga as her maid and his aunt soon sends her on difficult tasks: first, she receives a pearl-encrusted sweeping broom that she must use and not drop a single pearl. When Mer-Niga tries to sweep the floor, the pearls fall off, and she burns her husband's hair to summon his help. He performs the task for her, and she goes to inform his aunt, who suspects she had Mir Mast or Khumar's help. Next, Mer-Niga is ordered to sprinkle the floor with a colander, which she cannot do again and summons her husband to help her.",
"title": "Summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Thirdly, his aunt hides some insects inside a casket and gives it to Mer Niga, claiming it contains pearls, for her to deliver to \"Such and Such a place\", and gives her instructions: to place bones for a horse and straw for a dog, keep locked doors shut and open doors as such, avoid passing by a hollow of dirt and blood. Still on the way, Mer Niga opens the casket and hordes of insects crawl on her. She throws her husband's hair into the fire, he appears, collects the insects and locks them up in the box again, then advises his wife on how to proceed: she shall give a bone to a dog and straw to a horse; open a closed door and shut an open one; compliment a hollow full of dirt and blood by saying it contains honey and drop the casket there. Mer-Niga follows his instructions to the letter, drops the casket and rushes back, when a voice behind her commands the doors, the hollow and the animals to stop her, but her kind actions swayed them over to her side.",
"title": "Summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "At last, the prince's aunt forces Mer Niga to hold candles on her fingers to illuminate her husband's bridal procession. Mer-Niga complains her fingers are burning, while Miz Mast or Khumar that it is his heart that is. After the wedding, the Snake Prince advises his human wife to say goodbye to every object in the house before they escape, while he cuts off his cousin's head. Mer Niga and Miz Mast or Khumar escape from his aunt's house and take some objects with them: reeds, needle, salt and some seafoam. When they are on the road, a single object in the house, a one-pound weight, alerts his aunt of the couple's escape, and the creature and her husband, who are Divs, chase after them.",
"title": "Summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The divs go after the couple, who throw the objects behind them, with Miz Mast o Khumār invoking God's and the Prophet Sulémān's help, to hinder their pursuers: the reed becomes a reed-brake, the needle a grove of needles, the salt a salt-marsh and finally the seafoam a vast sea between them and the divs. On the other margin, the div couple ask their nephew how he crossed the sea, and Miz Mast o Khumar lies to them to simply step on a stone in the middle of the sea. The divs fall for his trick, sink the bottom and drown. Mer-Niga and Miz Mast o Khumar return home and celebrate a new wedding.",
"title": "Summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In his Catalogue of Persian Folktales, German scholar Ulrich Marzolph [de] classified the tale as his type AaTh 425B, Der Tierbräutigam: Die böse Zauberin (\"The Animal Bridegroom: The Evil Sorceress\"). Marzolph's typing corresponds to type ATU 425B, \"The Son of the Witch\", of the international Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index. Type 425B is considered by scholarship to correspond to the ancient Graeco-Roman myth of Cupid and Psyche, that is, the supernatural husband's mother forces the heroine, her daughter-in-law, to perform difficult and impossible tasks for her.",
"title": "Analysis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "According to Swedish scholar Jan-Öjvind Swahn [sv]'s study on Animal as Bridegroom tales, a characteristic motif that occurs in the \"Indo-Persian\" area is the heroine using a ring to signal her arrival to her husband, when she finds his location.",
"title": "Analysis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "The heroine and her supernatural husband escape in a Magic Flight sequence, that is, the characters either throw magic objects to delay their pursuers, or change into other forms to deceive them. Although this episode is more characteristic of tale type ATU 313, \"The Magic Flight\", some variants of type ATU 425B also show it as a closing episode. German literary critic Walter Puchner argues that the motif attached itself to type 425B, as a Wandermotiv (\"Wandering motif\").",
"title": "Analysis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "According to Marzolph's index, Iranian type 425B concludes with the episode the \"Magic Flight\": by throwing objects behind them, the heroes create magic obstacles, e.g., a pack of needles becomes a field of needles, salt creates a plain of salt, and the water creates a sea or a river.",
"title": "Analysis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Folklorist Margaret Mills disagrees with Jan-Öjvind's assessment in regards to the distribution of variants of the tale type in Persian language. She stated that \"in [her] experience\" the tale was one of the \"most performed\" in that language. A similar observation was given by professor Mahomed-Nuri Osmanovich Osmanov [ru]: he listed 7 versions of a similar Iranian variant, some found, for instance, in Dezful and Kashmar. In addition, according to Inge Höpfner, Iran registers many (\"vielen\") variants of the cycle.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In another tale translated by Osmanov as \"Мирза Масту-Хумар и Биби-Мехрнегар\" (\"Mirza Mastu-Khumar and Bibi-Mehrnegar\"), a padishah looks himself in the mirror and, upon noticing his first gray hairs, sighs that he does not have any heirs. Fortunately, a dervish appears and gives a pomegranate to his wife and an apple to the vizir's, as a birthing implement to cure their barrenness. The vizir's wife gives birth to a daughter they call Bibi-Mehrnegar, and the shah's to a black snake Mirza Mastu-Khumar. They arrange for a marriage between their children. Mirza Mastu-Khumar takes off his snake skin at night and shows his human form to his wife. At her father-in-law's insistence, she burns the snake skin and the man tells her she must wear down seven pairs of iron shoes on her way back to him. During her journey, she meets seven divs. Her last stop is by a spring, where she begs for a drink of water. She puts her ring inside the jug that is taken to her husband. Mirza Mastu-Khumar recognizes the ring, brings Bibi-Mehrnegar to his house as a servant and makes his div family promise not to harm her. His aunt forces the girl to do chores around the house: to sweep the floor with a beaded broom and not to lose any bead, and to water the yard with a sieve. Lastly, the div asks her to take a \"dancing box\" to the div's brother and to bring another box from him. On the way, she opens the div's box and dancers and musicians escape from the box and begins to dance and play instruments. She uses a tuft of hair to summon her husband, who helps her to close the box. He also warns her to go to the div's brother's house, open the closed doors and close the opened ones, give hay to a horse and a bone to a dog, compliment everything on the way, get the box and escape from there as quick as she can. She follows his instructions to the letter. Some time later, his family forces Mirza Mastu-Khumar to marry another woman, and places Bibi-Mehrnegar as a torchbearer, by placing ten candles on her fingers. That night, Mirza Mastu-Khumar kills his new bride and escapes with his true wife. His aunt follows them and they throw objects behind them to create magical obstacles: Mirza Mastu-Khumar calls upon the name of Shahmardan, Jam and Suleiman, and a reed becomes a thicket of reeds to block their pursuer's path, then a needle becomes a bush of needles, a grain of salt becomes a salt marsh, and lastly seafoam becomes a wide sea. Mirza Mastu-Khumar's relatives are stopped in their tracks by the sea and ask him how they can cross it; the man tells them to step on some stones on the water surface. His relatives fall for his trick and sink to the bottom of the sea. According to Osmanov and Iranian author Ahmad Shamlou, the tale was previously published in the \"Пеяме ноу\" (\"Peyame Nou\"), a Soviet-Iranian cultural journal, and Shamlou considered it to be the \"Tehrani version\" of the tale \"Bibi Nagar and Mirza Ghast Khamar\", which he collected from an Afghani source.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "In another Iranian variant, published by professor Osmanov with the title \"Змеиный Царь\" (\"The Serpent Tsar\"), a poor woodcutter is approached by a serpent, who asks him one of his daughter's hands in marriage. Only the youngest, named Mehrnegar, attends the serpent's request. The serpent comes to take her as an animal, but takes off its skin and becomes a handsome man, to her sisters' consternation and jealousy. Mehrnegar rejects the man at first, but he explains he is the serpent, born of a peri, and both leave for their new home. One day, Mehrnegar is visited by her sisters, who push her to ask her husband about the snakeskin. He answers her that the skin can be burnt in a bonfire with onion and garlic peels. The sisters overhear their conversation and, while the couple is asleep, they toss the skin in the fire. The Serpent Tsar wakes up and admonishes his wife. Mehrnegar begs him to forgive her, but he says he will become two pigeons she must try to capture; otherwise, Mehrnegar must wear a pair of iron shoes and walk with an iron cane until she finds a snake burrow. The girl fails in getting the birds, which escape. Mehrnegar dresses just as her husband instructed and goes on a journey; she passes by a herd of camels and a splendid garden with fruits, flowers and chirping birds - all belonging to her husband. She reaches a spring near a snake burrow and sees a servant girl coming to fetch water. She asks for a drink. The servant refuses and Mehrnegar curses the water to become pus and blood. The servant takes the water to her master, the Serpent Tsar, who sends the servant to the fountain to get clean water again. Mehrnegar gets her drink, and puts her ring on the jug. When the Serpent Tsar washes his hands with the water jug, he notices the ring. He goes back to the spring and brings his wife home. He explains to Mehrnegar that his mother is preparing his wedding to his cousin, and decides to protect his true wife by telling everyone she is an orphan in need of a job. The Serpent Tsar's mother forces Mehrnegar to give water to serpents with a sieve, and to carry a letter to her sister and trade it for scissors. The Serpent Tsar instructs his wife to compliment the objects on the way and to feed correctly the horse and the dog, get the scissors and leave as quick as possible. Finally, the Serpent Tsar's Mother places burning candles on Mehrnegar's hands, telling her to hold them until they go out. The Serpent Tsar and the false bride are led into their chambers, as Mehrnegar mourns her fate in the stables. Suddenly, her husband appears and convinces her to escape with him, saying he killed his second wife. Mehrnegar and the Serpent Tsar escape. His mother and family notice his absence and go after them. The couple escape by throwing needles, a handful of salt and a water skin, which transform into a forest, a mountain and a lake, to hinder the pursuit.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "In a tale from Northeastern Iran with the title \"شاهِ خِسته خُمار\" (\"Shah Khasta Khumar\"), a sultan has a beautiful daughter named Mahnagar, still single. Worried about her lack of a husband, his viziers admit that it is past time she married, so he sets a suitor test: he sticks a pole on the ground, and declares whoever removes it shall marry Mahnagar. Time passes, and many suitors come and try, to no avail. This continues on until one day a snake appears, wraps itself around the pole and removes it from the ground. Surprised, the Sultan has no choice but to deliver his daughter to the snake (\"mâr\", in the original). The sultan marries Mahnagar and she walks towards the snake's palace, all the while in tears. The snake approaches her and asks if she is afraid of him; she replies she fears the snake will devour her. To assuage her fears, he makes her promise not to burn his snakeskin, and removes his snakeskin, showing his human form. Mahnagar feels calmer and happy that her husband is a normal man. They live as husband as wife for some time. A few days later, an old woman comes to their palace and suggests Mahnagar burns the snakeskin to keep him human forever. Mahnagar heeds the old woman's words, takes her husband's snakeskin and burns it. The snake youth appears to her and laments that she could not keep her promise, and says she will have to wear down seven pairs of iron shoes in questing for him, gives her his ring, then vanishes.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Mahnagar cries over her loss, then puts on the iron shoes and begins her journey through mountains, deserts and provinces, until, by the time her seventh pair is worn down, she reaches a city, the City of Snakes, where her husband, whom the story explains is named Shah Khasta Khumar, lives. She stops by a fountain to rest and sees a servant coming to fetch water. Mahnagar asks for a bit of water to drink and drops her husband's ring inside the jar. The servant then takes the jug to his master, Shah Khasta Khumar. He finds his ring in the jar and goes outside his house to retrieve his wife. They reunite, and Shah Khasta Khumar warns her about his parents, who will wish to kill her.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "After he takes his wife home, his parents discover she is a human named Mahnagar, and plan to get rid of her. His mother conspires with her sister, and, one day, orders Mahnagar to go to her husband's aunt's house and fetch from there a tambourine. Before she departs, Shah Khasta Khumar intercepts her and advises her how to proceed: exchange the correct fodder for a dog and a camel, compliment a crooked wall by saying it looks straight, compliment a stream of muddy water by saying it is filled with clear water. Mahnagar follows his instructions, reaches her husband's aunt's house, takes the tambourine and rushes back through the same path. Shah Khasta Khumar's aunt commands the stream, the wall and the animals to stop her, but they remain still.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Finally, after Mahnagar brings back the tambourine, her mother-in-law is furious her plans failed. Realizing his human wife could be killed at any moment by his parents, Shah Khasta Khumar decides to escape with her. He takes some needles, a bit of salt, and a jug of water, and leave the city of snakes behind them. When his parents notice Shah Khasta Khumar escaped, they go after the fleeing couple with a cadre of snakes. Back to Shah Khasta Khumar and Mahnagar, he throws behind them the needles to injure the snakes, and the salt to hurt their wounds. Lastly, when the snakes are closing in on them, Shah Khasta Khumar drops the jug of water on the ground to create a wide sea between them. On the other side of the sea, his snake family tries to call for him, but the couple are far too distant at this point. They finally reach Mahnagar's father's kingdom, and remarry.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Persian scholar Abolqasem Faqiri [fa] collected an Iranian tale from Fars Province with the title \"خفت خمار و مهری نگار\" or Khaft khomâr and Mehr-Negâr. In this tale, a merchant wants to go on a trip, and asks his daughters which presents he can bring them. The youngest, named Mehr-Negâr, asks for a cluster of pearls. The merchant goes on a trip and finds his youngest's gift in a garden. He asks the owner of the garden if he can fetch them, and the owner, named Khaft khomâr, agrees, in exchange for the merchant's daughter in marriage. The merchant agrees, and they sign the marriage papers. The merchant brings the cluster to his daughter, and days later, a cadre of snakes come to fetch their master's bride. On the wedding night, Mehr-Negâr finds out that someone invisible is eating dinner with her. The snakes bid their master reveal himself to his bride, and he shows his true face: a handsome youth. He tells her to say her husband is a human being, and to keep his Jinn nature a secret. For the following weeks, Mehr-Negâr's mother and aunt visit her and insist to know her husband's identity, but she keeps replying he is human. Her aunt takes out a knife and threatens her niece to reveal the truth, which she does, out of fear for life. That same night, Khaft khomâr appears to her, knowing that she failed to keep his secret, and says she can find him again if she wears down seven pairs of iron shoes, then vanishes. Mehr-Negâr cries for his disappearance, but decides to look for him in iron shoes and with an iron cane. On wearing down six of the pairs, on the seventh she reaches a garden, and asks a passing black servant whose garden it is: Khaft khomâr. Mehr-Negâr asks for a drink of water and drops a ring inside the servant's jug, which he brings to his master. Khaft khomâr notices the ring and goes outside to meet his wife, then turns her into a handkerchief with a spell.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "He enters his house and his mother can still sense a human smell. To protect her, he turns her into a needle, then a broom, but eventually turns back into human and introduces her as a servant who has come to work in his wedding preparations. However, Khaft khomâr's mother begins to hate this new servant, orders her on increasingly difficult tasks, like sweeping the desert and filling a water tank with a sieve, which her husband fulfills for her. One day, his mother orders her to go to her sister and fetch from there the \"Qawwali box (\"جعبه قوالی\", in the original) of the Mutarabi [fa]\" (\"مطربی\", in the original). Khaft khomâr intercepts his wife and advises her how to proceed: open every closed door and close all open ones, compliment a dog, compliment the thorns of a branch by saying it contains crystal needles, meet his aunt, get the box from his aunt and rush back. Mehr-Negâr follows her husband's instructions to the letter, gets the box and escape, his aunt command the dog, the thorns, and the doors to stop her. At a safe distance, she opens the box and an army of people come out to play drums. Khaft khomâr appears to her and locks everyone inside the box, then accompanies her back to his mother's house. Seeing that her plans failed, Khaft khomâr's mother decides to destroy her human daughter-in-law during her son's wedding to his cousin. However, Khaft khomâr anticipates his mother's ploy and asks Mehr-Negâr to trade clothes with his cousin. His Div-mother and Div-aunt take the false Mehr-Negâr and devour her, but notice the deception and discover Khaft-khomâr has fled with his human wife. The pair goes after them. On the road, Khaft khomâr throws objects behind him to deter his mother and aunt: first, he drops some needles which become a field of them, hurting the duo of pursuers; next, he drops a portion of salt that becomes a sea of salt between him and his relatives. On the other side of the sea, his mother and aunt ask him how they can cross the body of water, and Khaft khomâr says they just have to step on the stone and reed. They follow his false advice and sink to the bottom of the sea, never to return.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "In an Iranian tale from Khorasan with the title \"مهریننگار و سلطان مار\" (\"Mehrinnagar and Sultan Mar\"), an old man has three daughters, the youngest named Mehrinnagar and the most beautiful. He earns their living by gathering thorns and selling them. One day, he finds a large snake on his bundle of thorns and salutes the animal. The snake begins to talk and orders the man to give him one of his daughters. The man goes back home and tells his daughters the situation, saying that the snake will come on a certain date, when there is good weather. After hearing their father's tale, the elder two refuse to marry the snake, while the youngest agrees. On the assigned day, a retinue of snakes wait by the man's door for Mehrinnagar, who comes outside and sits on one of the snakes' back to be taken to her new home. After a while, the snakes reach a garden and bring the girl to their master inside a palace, the large snake waiting for her in a room. Suddenly, the large snake takes off his snakeskin to become a handsome youth, who warns his wife not to tell anyone, not even her parents, about this.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "Time passes, and Mehrinnagar's mother and sisters pay her a visit. Seeing that their cadette is living a nice life, the sisters begin to feel envy and ask Mehrinnagar about her husband. Pushed by their words, she tells them about the youth behind the snakeskin, and they, even her mother, suggest she burns it. Later, when Sultan Mar comes home, Mehrinnagar tells him she will burn his snakeskin. He pleads with her not to do it, but, if she wants to go with it, he will turn into a bird and circle room three times, and she must catch him before he flies away. If she fails to do it, she will have to wear iron garments (dress and shoes), walk with an iron cane until they all wear down. She will also pass by herds of sheep, cows and camels which belongs to him, until she finally reaches a spring, where a slave will be fetching water for him. She will curse the water for become pus and blood, and, after the slave fetches another jug, she will drop her ring inside it, which will serve to remind Sultan Mar his wife is near.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "Ignoring his words of prophecy, she burns the snakeskin, and, to her surprise, it happens as he predicted: Sultan Mar turns into a bird and circles the room three times, then flies away. Mehrinnagar cannot catch him, and cries over her grave mistake. She then commissions iron garments from a blacksmith and begins her journey. Just as her husband predicted, she passes by his herds of sheep, cows and camels, and, feeling hunger, asks for some food, by the herdsmen forbid it, since the herds belong to their master, Sultan Mar. Finally, she reaches a spring with a tree nearby, and sees a slave fetching water with a jug. Mehrinnagar asks the slave for a drink of water, but the slave denies her. In anger, the girl curses the water to become pus and blood. The slave brings the water to her master, Sultan Mar, who notices that the water changed into pus and blood, and realizes his wife is nearby. He then sends the slave back to the spring and orders her to fulfill the wanderer's request. The slave goes back to the spring and gives Mehrinnagar some water to drink, and she secretly drops her ring inside the jug. The next time, the ring falls on his hands when he washes his hands, and he goes to retrieve his wife. After they meet outside, Sultan Mar explains he is a prince, kidnapped and raised by the demons, and is able to alternate between serpent and human forms.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "He brings her home to his mother and introduces her to his mother as a servant. For the next days, Sultan Mar's mother forces her on hard tasks: first, she is to weep all over the floor and wash it with her eyebrows - Sultan Mar chants a spell to summon a gust of wind and a cloud of rain to fulfill the task for her. Next, the demon mother orders Mehrinnagar to go to her sister, get a sieve from there and use it to fill jugs with water. Warned by her husband, Mehrinnagar goes to his aunt's house, takes the sieve and rushes back to fill the jugs with water. Lastly, his mother betrothes him to his cousin, and she orders Mehrinnagar to hold ten candles on her fingers and illuminate her son's chamber for the whole night. Unable to avoid it, she stands and holds the candles, but curls in a corner of his room. Her husband appears to her and, uttering a magical word, creates an invisible glove around her fingers to protect her. As his bride enters the wedding chambers, Sultan Mar bemoans that his heart and soul are burning, while Mehrinnagar states that it is her fingers that are. After his bride falls asleep, Sultan Mar talks to his wife they need to escape, and tells her to get a jar, a sack of salt, and three packs of needles (one with thin, another with thick, and third with sewing needles). Then, she will have to pass by a crumbling wall and compliment it, by a crooked tree and compliment it, exchange the fodder of two animals (grass for a camel, bone for a dog), and at the end of the path, he will come and take her.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "It happens as he described: while Sultan Mar kills his cousin and hides her head in a chest, Mehrinnagar passes by the strange path and tells the wall, the tree and the animals her husband's mother and aunt are after her. By treating them with kindness, Mehrinnagar is allowed to pass and finds her husband at the end of the path, and both escape, him warning her not to look back. She obeys and runs close to her husband, as his relatives chase after them. To deter the pursuit: Sultan Mar tosses the packs of needles behind them, first the thin ones, then the thick ones, and finally the sewing needles (juwaldaz). Failing that, he throws behind the salt to create a sea of salt, and finally the jug of water, which creates a sea behind them. Thinking they can cross the sea, Sultan Mar's mother and aunt try to wade through and drown. Free at last, Sultan Mar and Mehrinnagar return to their palace.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "Another variant was published in Spanish language with the title Bibi Negar, la Amada Buena, y Heydar Mar, el marido serpiente (\"Bibi Negar, the good spouse, and Heydar Mar, the serpent husband\"). Its collectors classified the tale as types 312A (man promises daughter to animal under threat of death), 425A (marriage to animal husband, his subsequent disappearance and his wife's search) and 428 (girl as servant to an ogre and assigned dangerous tasks).",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "In a Khorasan Turkic tale collected from a source in Bojnurd in 1973 and published in 1977, a poor man lives with his three beautiful daughters, and earns his living by gathering and selling bushes. One day, when he has finished a bundle, he tries to carry it, but it is too heavy. When he goes to check it, he finds a snake in the bushes. He tries to shoo it away, but the snake begins to talk and demands the man's elder daughter in marriage, otherwise it will devour him. The man is let go, returns home and tells his elder daughter about the situation. She refuses to marry the snake. The man returns to the snake the next day, and the animal, after the elder's refusal, tells the man to ask the middle daughter. She also refuses. The third day, the snake demands the man asks the third daughter, and she accepts. The man returns to inform the snake, which is delighted at the situation, and tells the man to come home and wait for three winds that will anounce he is coming to get his bride: first, a red, then a white one, and lastly a black. The man returns home and waits for the winds to come. It happens thus, and he prepares his youngest daughter to go with a large retinue with snakes on horses that has come to fetch her. He lets his daughter go, and she departs. Some time later, the man goes to visit his daughter, worried about her, and finds their house filled with jewels, and his son-in-law, instead of a snake, has turned into a handsome male. The man returns home and his elder daughters pester him to know about their cadette. He is a bit worried about the snake biting the girls, but the duo ignore his warnings and go to their brother-in-law's house. Once there, they spot the snake coming, taking off the snakeskin to become a handsome youth, making ablutions, then returning to the snake disguise and slithering to the desert. The girls meet their sister and convince her to ask her husband how to destroy the snakeskin. When her snake husband returns home, she asks him about it; in retaliation, he slaps her, admonishing that if she does it, she will have to seek him with an iron rod and a pair of shoes. After assuaging her husband she does not plan to do so, he reveals it: burn the skin in garlic and onion peels. The elder sisters overhear it, then go to the market to buy the ingredients. That night, after he doffs the snakeskin one more time, the elder sister burn the snakeskin; the snake husband (whom the story calls \"Salman\") turns into a dove and flies away. The girl, named Mehrinigar, commissions the iron rod and shoes from a blacksmith and goes in search for him. She passes by a herd of chickens and a herd of cattle, which the shepherds tell belong to her husband Salman as her brideprice. Mehrinigar finally reaches a fountain and sees a girl fetching water. Mehrinigar asks for some, but the girl says it is for her brother Salman and denies her. Mehrinigar then curses the water to become blood. When Salman tries to use the water, he sees the blood and sends his sister back to the fountain, telling her to give the wanderer some water. His orders are carried out, and Mehrinigar, while drinking the water, drops her ring into it. Salman finds the ring and asks his sister to bring the wanderer inside. The couple reunite and spend some time together. Later, Salman takes his wife to a hut in a vineyard, where she finds a strange bottle: Salman explains it contains the life of his mother. Mehrinigar drops the bottle to the floor, it breaks and a storm bursts, causing them to fall asleep. When they wake, they start to live together. Professor Sultan Tulu translated the tale to Turkish, titling itYaşlı Adam ve Üç Kızı (\"The Old Man and His Three Daughters\"), and classified it as type ATh 425.",
"title": "Variants"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "In another Khorasan Turkic tale, the father of three sisters remarries, and his new wife mistreats the girls. One day, they leave home and rest under a tree to talk about their marriage plans. The youngest sister declares that she will marry whomever fate sends her. A male peri that was on the tree overhears this and sends a man to ask for the girl, then takes her to the peri. The peri puts on a snakeskin disguise and goes to meet the girl, scaring off the elder sisters, but not his intended bride. The youngest girl faces the snake and the animal, in return, shows her his true face: the male peri. They spend the nights together, he puts on the snakeskin in the morning and slithers away, only to return at night. One day, the peri warns the girl not to tell anything to her elder sisters, but to lie that he is only a snake, lest he vanishes and she has to find him with an iron cane and in iron shoes. Her elder sisters appear to her and warn her that she may be bitten, for he is but a snake. The girl then reveals he is human under the snakeskin, and the peri returns to his own homeland. The girl waits for him to come back for the next nights, but he does not. After two years, remembering the peri's warnings and the ring he gave her, she buys an iron staff and a pair of iron shoes and goes after him. She passes by some people plowing the fields, then by a camel herd, and lastly by a ship docked in a port - all of it belonging to Hocahast (or Xoĵaxast), as a gift to his wife Mehrinigar. After passing the ship, she reaches a spring, where a maidservant is fetching water for her master, Hocahast. The peri master, inside the nearby house, smells a human scent on the servant, and sends her back fetch more water. Mehrinigar finds the maidservant crying and helps her with the water, then secretly drops her ring in the jug. Inside the house, Hocahast finds the ring and, realizing his wife is there, goes to meet her by the spring. They reunite, but Hocahast warns her his mother is a \"giant\" that will devour her, and turns his wife into a pin with a prayer. He then returns inside. His giantess mother appears and smells something human. Hocahast asks his mother to swear on Prophet Suleiman before he introduces Mehrinigar to her. The giantess makes the vow, and Hocahast turns his wife back into human form. After a while, the giantess decides to send Mehrinigar to her sister. Before she goes there, Hocahast intercepts her and advises her on how to proceed: she will find a crumbling wall which she is to compliment and sit nearby it; then, she is to exchange the fodder for two animals (bone for a dog, grass for a camel), open a closed door and close an open one, and finally, when meeting his aunt, she is to circle her as a demonstration of respect. Mehrinigar does as instructed: she exchanges the animals' fodder, opens the doors, compliments the wall, and finds his aunt. Hocahast's aunt notices she must have been told what to do, but, regardless, orders her to take some things and bring to her sister. Mehrinigar fulfills the order and rushes back to her mother-in-law's house. Hocahast's aunt then orders the objects and animals to stop her, but they remain still. Hocahast's mother is satisfied with her daughter-in-law's efforts, and tells Hocahast to take her for a stroll amidst the vineyard, but they must not enter the hut. In the vineyard, Mehrinigar sees the hut and wants to know what it is inside. She opens the door and finds a bottle inside; she tries to grab it, but it slips her hands and crashes on the floor. Hocahast's mother dies instantly, for the bottle contained her \"life\". Now free, Mehrinigar and Hocahast live in happiness. Professor Sultan Tulu translated the tale to Turkish language, titling it Üç kızkardeş (\"Three Sisters\"), and classified it as type ATh 425.",
"title": "Variants"
}
] | The Snake-Prince Sleepy-Head is an Iranian folktale published by Emily Lorimer and David Lockhart Robertson Lorimer in their collection Persian Tales, in 1919. It is related to the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom or The Search for the Lost Husband, in that a human princess marries a supernatural husband or man in animal form, loses him and has to seek him out. According to scholarship, many variants of the cycle are reported to exist in Iran, and the usual form of the animal husband is that of a snake or serpent. | 2023-12-08T01:21:53Z | 2023-12-22T14:13:22Z | [
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75,512,014 | C. W. Tankersley | Charles W. Tankersley was a state legislator in Arkansas. He served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives. He was re-elected to the position in the 19th Legislature.
While speaker he was put in charge of the state penitentiary until a leader was elected.
In closing a session of the assembly he expressed regret over "political vicissitudes" and hoped that "much that has been done will sleep among the things of the past, to be resurrected nevermore."
An 1872 land record exists in his name.
James H. Berry replaced him as Speaker Pro Tempore during a special session called by governor Elisha Baxter during the Brooks Baxter War in 1874 and the following session when Tankersley refused to attend. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Charles W. Tankersley was a state legislator in Arkansas. He served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives. He was re-elected to the position in the 19th Legislature.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "While speaker he was put in charge of the state penitentiary until a leader was elected.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In closing a session of the assembly he expressed regret over \"political vicissitudes\" and hoped that \"much that has been done will sleep among the things of the past, to be resurrected nevermore.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "An 1872 land record exists in his name.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "James H. Berry replaced him as Speaker Pro Tempore during a special session called by governor Elisha Baxter during the Brooks Baxter War in 1874 and the following session when Tankersley refused to attend.",
"title": ""
}
] | Charles W. Tankersley was a state legislator in Arkansas. He served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives. He was re-elected to the position in the 19th Legislature. While speaker he was put in charge of the state penitentiary until a leader was elected. In closing a session of the assembly he expressed regret over "political vicissitudes" and hoped that "much that has been done will sleep among the things of the past, to be resurrected nevermore." An 1872 land record exists in his name. James H. Berry replaced him as Speaker Pro Tempore during a special session called by governor Elisha Baxter during the Brooks Baxter War in 1874 and the following session when Tankersley refused to attend. | 2023-12-08T01:26:18Z | 2023-12-10T16:59:46Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C._W._Tankersley |
75,512,019 | TurkHackTeam | TurkHackTeam is a Turkish hacker group founded in 2002. They are Kemalists and define themself as the "Turkish Cyber Army".
They state that their goal is to fight against all kinds of cyber threats against Turkey. They have appeared on news headlines on many international news portals.
The group also hacked the Democratic Society Party.
Turkish Hack Team is also a platform that prepares social responsibility projects. The first of the projects was to send morale letters to the soldiers and police after the 2016 coup attempt. In the same year, they distributed food in Africa through an association.. Later, some group members gathered on 10 November and went to visit Anıtkabir. In 2017, the group, which collected books from the participants in response in the cyber security trainings they gave over the internet, donated these books to previously determined secondary and high schools, and created libraries. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "TurkHackTeam is a Turkish hacker group founded in 2002. They are Kemalists and define themself as the \"Turkish Cyber Army\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "They state that their goal is to fight against all kinds of cyber threats against Turkey. They have appeared on news headlines on many international news portals.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The group also hacked the Democratic Society Party.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Turkish Hack Team is also a platform that prepares social responsibility projects. The first of the projects was to send morale letters to the soldiers and police after the 2016 coup attempt. In the same year, they distributed food in Africa through an association.. Later, some group members gathered on 10 November and went to visit Anıtkabir. In 2017, the group, which collected books from the participants in response in the cyber security trainings they gave over the internet, donated these books to previously determined secondary and high schools, and created libraries.",
"title": ""
}
] | TurkHackTeam is a Turkish hacker group founded in 2002. They are Kemalists and define themself as the "Turkish Cyber Army". They state that their goal is to fight against all kinds of cyber threats against Turkey. They have appeared on news headlines on many international news portals. The group also hacked the Democratic Society Party. Turkish Hack Team is also a platform that prepares social responsibility projects. The first of the projects was to send morale letters to the soldiers and police after the 2016 coup attempt. In the same year, they distributed food in Africa through an association.. Later, some group members gathered on 10 November and went to visit Anıtkabir. In 2017, the group, which collected books from the participants in response in the cyber security trainings they gave over the internet, donated these books to previously determined secondary and high schools, and created libraries. | 2023-12-08T01:26:46Z | 2023-12-08T18:16:25Z | [
"Template:Web kaynağı",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TurkHackTeam |
75,512,048 | Sebastian Vaniyapurackal | Mar Sebastian Vaniyapurackal (born March 29, 1967) is an Indian-born bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church who has served as the Curia Bishop for the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church since his installation in 2017.
After the resignation of Cardinal Mar George Alencherry in 2023, as per the rules of canon law Mar Sebastian will be serving as the Archiepiscopal Administrator (temporarily) for the Syro Malabar Church until the election of the new Major Archbishop by the Syro-Malabar Holy Synod.
Sebastian Vaniyapurackal was born on March 29, 1967, in Kokkayar, Kerala as the eight child of V.M Thomas and Aleyamma. He attended St. Louis L.P School in Mundakayam and St. Joseph High School in Peruvanthanam before when in 1982 he began his priestly formation at Mary Matha Minor Seminary in Podimattom. He then attended St. Thomas Apostolic Seminary, Vadavathoor for his philosophical and theological studies. He was ordained by Eparchy of Kanjirappally Eparch Mar Mathew Vattachuzhy on December 30, 1992. He then served as an Assistant Priest at St. George's Forane Church (Kattappana) before being appointed by Mar Vattachuzhy as the Director of Yuvadeepti for the Eparchy. After his service as it's Director, He went to the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross for a Doctorate in Canon Law. After returning, He was appointed Kanjirappally's Judicial Vicar and then continued in various Parish Ministry Assignments in Koratty, Poomattam, Chennakkunnu and Mulamkunnu. Along with his service in Kanjirappally, Cardinal Mar Varkey Vithayathil appointed him as the Defender of the Bond at the Syro-Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Tribunal. After his Pastoral Ministry, He was a professor at Benedictine Ashram, Kappad, Good Shepherd Major Seminary, Kunnoth and Nirmala Theological College, Podimattam. In 2014, He was appointed by Cardinal Mar George Alencherry as the Vice Chancellor of the Major Archiepiscopal Curia of the Syro Malabar Church.
On September 1, 2017, Pope Francis announced his assent to the election of Fr. Sebastian Vaniyapurackal as the Curia Bishop of the Syro Malabar Church, after his election by the Syro Malabar Synod. He was installed on November 12, 2017, by Cardinal Mar George Alencherry, Major Archbishop in the Presence of Trichur Archbishop Andrews Thazhath and Kankirappally Eparch Mathew Arackal. The position had been vacant since the appointment of the First Curia Bishop Bosco Puthur as the Eparch of Melbourne.
On December 7, 2023, The Syro Malabar Church announced that Mar Sebastian Vaniyapurackal would serve as the Archiepiscopal Administrator of the entire Syro Malabar Church upon Pope Francis accepting the resignation of the Major Archbishop of the Syro Malabar Church Cardinal Mar George Alencherry due to Eastern Canon Law stating that the Curia Bishop takes over if the seat of the Major Archbishop falls vacant. He will serve in this position until the Synod of Bishops elect a new Major Archbishop in January 2024. He will serve along his predecessor Bosco Puthur as he will serve as the Apostolic Administrator of Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam–Angamaly. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mar Sebastian Vaniyapurackal (born March 29, 1967) is an Indian-born bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church who has served as the Curia Bishop for the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church since his installation in 2017.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "After the resignation of Cardinal Mar George Alencherry in 2023, as per the rules of canon law Mar Sebastian will be serving as the Archiepiscopal Administrator (temporarily) for the Syro Malabar Church until the election of the new Major Archbishop by the Syro-Malabar Holy Synod.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Sebastian Vaniyapurackal was born on March 29, 1967, in Kokkayar, Kerala as the eight child of V.M Thomas and Aleyamma. He attended St. Louis L.P School in Mundakayam and St. Joseph High School in Peruvanthanam before when in 1982 he began his priestly formation at Mary Matha Minor Seminary in Podimattom. He then attended St. Thomas Apostolic Seminary, Vadavathoor for his philosophical and theological studies. He was ordained by Eparchy of Kanjirappally Eparch Mar Mathew Vattachuzhy on December 30, 1992. He then served as an Assistant Priest at St. George's Forane Church (Kattappana) before being appointed by Mar Vattachuzhy as the Director of Yuvadeepti for the Eparchy. After his service as it's Director, He went to the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross for a Doctorate in Canon Law. After returning, He was appointed Kanjirappally's Judicial Vicar and then continued in various Parish Ministry Assignments in Koratty, Poomattam, Chennakkunnu and Mulamkunnu. Along with his service in Kanjirappally, Cardinal Mar Varkey Vithayathil appointed him as the Defender of the Bond at the Syro-Malabar Major Archiepiscopal Tribunal. After his Pastoral Ministry, He was a professor at Benedictine Ashram, Kappad, Good Shepherd Major Seminary, Kunnoth and Nirmala Theological College, Podimattam. In 2014, He was appointed by Cardinal Mar George Alencherry as the Vice Chancellor of the Major Archiepiscopal Curia of the Syro Malabar Church.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On September 1, 2017, Pope Francis announced his assent to the election of Fr. Sebastian Vaniyapurackal as the Curia Bishop of the Syro Malabar Church, after his election by the Syro Malabar Synod. He was installed on November 12, 2017, by Cardinal Mar George Alencherry, Major Archbishop in the Presence of Trichur Archbishop Andrews Thazhath and Kankirappally Eparch Mathew Arackal. The position had been vacant since the appointment of the First Curia Bishop Bosco Puthur as the Eparch of Melbourne.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On December 7, 2023, The Syro Malabar Church announced that Mar Sebastian Vaniyapurackal would serve as the Archiepiscopal Administrator of the entire Syro Malabar Church upon Pope Francis accepting the resignation of the Major Archbishop of the Syro Malabar Church Cardinal Mar George Alencherry due to Eastern Canon Law stating that the Curia Bishop takes over if the seat of the Major Archbishop falls vacant. He will serve in this position until the Synod of Bishops elect a new Major Archbishop in January 2024. He will serve along his predecessor Bosco Puthur as he will serve as the Apostolic Administrator of Syro-Malabar Catholic Major Archeparchy of Ernakulam–Angamaly.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Mar Sebastian Vaniyapurackal is an Indian-born bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church who has served as the Curia Bishop for the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church since his installation in 2017. After the resignation of Cardinal Mar George Alencherry in 2023, as per the rules of canon law Mar Sebastian will be serving as the Archiepiscopal Administrator (temporarily) for the Syro Malabar Church until the election of the new Major Archbishop by the Syro-Malabar Holy Synod. | 2023-12-08T01:29:42Z | 2023-12-19T09:18:12Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sebastian_Vaniyapurackal |
75,512,072 | Weng Xiaojie | Weng Xiaojie is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for in the Chinese Women's Super League and a member of the Chinese women's national football team. She represented China in the 2008 AFC Women's Asian Cup. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Weng Xiaojie is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for in the Chinese Women's Super League and a member of the Chinese women's national football team. She represented China in the 2008 AFC Women's Asian Cup.",
"title": ""
}
] | Weng Xiaojie is a Chinese professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for in the Chinese Women's Super League and a member of the Chinese women's national football team. She represented China in the 2008 AFC Women's Asian Cup. | 2023-12-08T01:31:55Z | 2023-12-09T03:00:29Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weng_Xiaojie |
75,512,121 | Medora Louise Krieger | Medora Louise Krieger (1904-1994) was an American geologist who is known for becoming the first female field geologist in the United States Geological Survey. During her work with the USGS, Krieger was assigned to create geological maps of the area around Prescott Arizona in 1947, where she remained until her death in 1994. Krieger is noted as being one of the pioneering figures in the history of geology in the United States and was posthumously inducted into the American Mining Hall of Fame in 2018.
Medora Louise Krieger (Maiden name: Hooper) was born in Ticonderoga, New York in 1904. She displayed an early interest in geology and attended Vassar College from 1924-1928, earning a bachelors degree in geology. From there, she went on to Colombia University in pursuit of her masters and PHD. While attending Colombia, she met her husband Philip, who was an assistant professor at the institution, also in the field of geology. Louise and Philip were married in 1931. After her graduation from Columbia University, Krieger worked for the New York Geological Survey until the sudden death of her husband in 1940. Her employment with the USGS starting in 1944 was particularly notable as women were not allowed to work as geologists within the institution at the time. Kriegers employment as a field geologist in 1947 ended this policy.
Medora Louise Krieger died in 1994, in Prescott Arizona aged 89.
During her 35 years stationed in Prescott, Krieger was able to create geological maps for much of the State of Arizona. Beyond her maps, Krieger also found the time to formulate and test new geological theories. Most notably, in "Large Landslides, composed of megabreccia, interbedded in Micene basin deposits, southeastern Arizona", Krieger theorizes that thin layers of compressed air can help to explain the lack of friction notable in some landslides.
Large Landslides, composed of megabreccia, interbedded in Micene basin deposits, southeastern Arizona
Addresses the topic of landslides present in the Kearny and El Capitan mountain regions. Includes detailed measurements on multiple factors such as composition, depth, length, and analysis on the underlying playa and alluvial deposits. Krieger concludes by theorizing that compressed air may play a larger role in landslides than previously thought.
Ash-flow Tuffs of the Galiuro Volcanics in the Northern Galiuro Mountains, Final County, Arizona
This study brings attention to the unique level of exposure that characterizes the Holy Joe and Avaraipa ash-flows.
Summary of: Geology of the Prescott and Paulden Quadrangles, Arizona
This study focuses on the precambrian, paleozoic and cenozoic rocks present in the Alder Group Formation.
Medora Louise Krieger was considered a "Pioneering geologist" and posthumously inducted into the American Mining Hall of Fame by the Mining Foundation of the Southwest in 2018. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Medora Louise Krieger (1904-1994) was an American geologist who is known for becoming the first female field geologist in the United States Geological Survey. During her work with the USGS, Krieger was assigned to create geological maps of the area around Prescott Arizona in 1947, where she remained until her death in 1994. Krieger is noted as being one of the pioneering figures in the history of geology in the United States and was posthumously inducted into the American Mining Hall of Fame in 2018.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Medora Louise Krieger (Maiden name: Hooper) was born in Ticonderoga, New York in 1904. She displayed an early interest in geology and attended Vassar College from 1924-1928, earning a bachelors degree in geology. From there, she went on to Colombia University in pursuit of her masters and PHD. While attending Colombia, she met her husband Philip, who was an assistant professor at the institution, also in the field of geology. Louise and Philip were married in 1931. After her graduation from Columbia University, Krieger worked for the New York Geological Survey until the sudden death of her husband in 1940. Her employment with the USGS starting in 1944 was particularly notable as women were not allowed to work as geologists within the institution at the time. Kriegers employment as a field geologist in 1947 ended this policy.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Medora Louise Krieger died in 1994, in Prescott Arizona aged 89.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "During her 35 years stationed in Prescott, Krieger was able to create geological maps for much of the State of Arizona. Beyond her maps, Krieger also found the time to formulate and test new geological theories. Most notably, in \"Large Landslides, composed of megabreccia, interbedded in Micene basin deposits, southeastern Arizona\", Krieger theorizes that thin layers of compressed air can help to explain the lack of friction notable in some landslides.",
"title": "Scientific Contribution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Large Landslides, composed of megabreccia, interbedded in Micene basin deposits, southeastern Arizona",
"title": "Published Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Addresses the topic of landslides present in the Kearny and El Capitan mountain regions. Includes detailed measurements on multiple factors such as composition, depth, length, and analysis on the underlying playa and alluvial deposits. Krieger concludes by theorizing that compressed air may play a larger role in landslides than previously thought.",
"title": "Published Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Ash-flow Tuffs of the Galiuro Volcanics in the Northern Galiuro Mountains, Final County, Arizona",
"title": "Published Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "This study brings attention to the unique level of exposure that characterizes the Holy Joe and Avaraipa ash-flows.",
"title": "Published Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Summary of: Geology of the Prescott and Paulden Quadrangles, Arizona",
"title": "Published Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "This study focuses on the precambrian, paleozoic and cenozoic rocks present in the Alder Group Formation.",
"title": "Published Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Medora Louise Krieger was considered a \"Pioneering geologist\" and posthumously inducted into the American Mining Hall of Fame by the Mining Foundation of the Southwest in 2018.",
"title": "Recognition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Medora Louise Krieger (1904-1994) was an American geologist who is known for becoming the first female field geologist in the United States Geological Survey. During her work with the USGS, Krieger was assigned to create geological maps of the area around Prescott Arizona in 1947, where she remained until her death in 1994. Krieger is noted as being one of the pioneering figures in the history of geology in the United States and was posthumously inducted into the American Mining Hall of Fame in 2018. | 2023-12-08T01:40:19Z | 2023-12-19T21:51:52Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medora_Louise_Krieger |
75,512,189 | Larus robustus | Larus robustus is an extinct species of gull that lived during the Late Pleistocene.
The genus name Larus derives from Ancient Greek, referring to a seabird. The species name robustus derives from Latin, meaning "hardness, strength."
Larus robustus specimens stem from Fossil Lake, Oregon. Charles H. Sternberg collected the type specimen. Larus robustus is large gull, smaller than the glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) and significantly larger than the American herring gull (Larus argentatus smithsonianus). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Larus robustus is an extinct species of gull that lived during the Late Pleistocene.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The genus name Larus derives from Ancient Greek, referring to a seabird. The species name robustus derives from Latin, meaning \"hardness, strength.\"",
"title": "Etymology"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Larus robustus specimens stem from Fossil Lake, Oregon. Charles H. Sternberg collected the type specimen. Larus robustus is large gull, smaller than the glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus) and significantly larger than the American herring gull (Larus argentatus smithsonianus).",
"title": "Description"
}
] | Larus robustus is an extinct species of gull that lived during the Late Pleistocene. | 2023-12-08T01:50:28Z | 2023-12-12T18:36:20Z | [
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75,512,191 | 2024 Copa América Group B | Group B is one of four groups in the first stage of the 2024 edition of Copa América, the premier soccer tournament for men's national teams representing countries in South America organized by CONMEBOL. The tournament also includes teams from the CONCACAF region, which includes North America.
The group includes Mexico from CONCACAF, Ecuador from CONMEBOL, Venezuela from CONMEBOL, and Jamaica from CONCACAF. The draw for the groups was conduced on December 7, 2023, after Mexico was seeded into the group. Group B's matches will begin on June 22, 2024, and conclude on June 30 after a round-robin of three matches per team. The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals.
In the quarter-finals,
All kick-off times are local times, as listed by CONMEBOL. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Group B is one of four groups in the first stage of the 2024 edition of Copa América, the premier soccer tournament for men's national teams representing countries in South America organized by CONMEBOL. The tournament also includes teams from the CONCACAF region, which includes North America.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The group includes Mexico from CONCACAF, Ecuador from CONMEBOL, Venezuela from CONMEBOL, and Jamaica from CONCACAF. The draw for the groups was conduced on December 7, 2023, after Mexico was seeded into the group. Group B's matches will begin on June 22, 2024, and conclude on June 30 after a round-robin of three matches per team. The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "Standings"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In the quarter-finals,",
"title": "Standings"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "All kick-off times are local times, as listed by CONMEBOL.",
"title": "Matches"
}
] | Group B is one of four groups in the first stage of the 2024 edition of Copa América, the premier soccer tournament for men's national teams representing countries in South America organized by CONMEBOL. The tournament also includes teams from the CONCACAF region, which includes North America. The group includes Mexico from CONCACAF, Ecuador from CONMEBOL, Venezuela from CONMEBOL, and Jamaica from CONCACAF. The draw for the groups was conduced on December 7, 2023, after Mexico was seeded into the group. Group B's matches will begin on June 22, 2024, and conclude on June 30 after a round-robin of three matches per team. The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals. | 2023-12-08T01:51:01Z | 2023-12-10T13:25:49Z | [
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75,512,197 | John Hopper Mathews | John Hopper Mathews (August 3, 1926 – February 2, 2015) was an American and Osage Nation actor, professor, and research scientist.
Mathews was born in Los Angeles and shortly after his father, John Joseph Mathews, left the family. He moved with his mother, Virginia Hopper, and older sister, Virginia Mathews, to New York City where he worked as a radio actor, broadway actor, and church choir singer to help support the family.
Mathews later attended the U.S. Naval Academy, ETH Zurich, and the University of Michigan before starting a career as a military research scientist. After retiring, civil service he taught at Bowie State College.
John Hopper Mathews was born on August 3, 1926, to John Joseph Mathews and his first wife Virginia Winslow Hopper in Los Angeles, California. He's the younger brother of Virginia Mathews and a member of the Osage Nation. In September 1928, John left his wife and children. The family later moved to New York. During the 1930s he worked as a professional radio and broadway actor and as a choir boy to help support the family since John provided little financial support. He sang at the Church of the Heavenly Rest, played a bit part in Set to Music (1939) on Broadway, and appeared in multiple episodes of The March of Time. He also acted in radio, voicing characters on Raising Your Parents (1936-1937) and The Rich Kid (1937-1938). While John and his father would speak later in his life, they were never close.
Mathews attended the United States Naval Academy Preparatory School and later studied engineering at the U.S. Naval Academy, graduating in 1950. He continued to act while in college in school productions. He attended the ETH Zurich. He then attended the University of Michigan in 1959 and earned a master's degree in physics. In 1962, he moved to Bowie, Maryland to work as a research scientist for the United States. He worked for the Naval Research Laboratory, the Pentagon, the United States Army, and United States Air Force. Some of his research was published in Nature.
After retiring from civil service, he taught at Bowie State College and worked for Travelling Tutors.
Mathews met his wife, Mary Abigail "Gail" Painter, in 1949 and they married on July 27, 1951. She was the daughter of Sidney Painter. They had three children.
He died on February 2, 2015. | [
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"text": "John Hopper Mathews was born on August 3, 1926, to John Joseph Mathews and his first wife Virginia Winslow Hopper in Los Angeles, California. He's the younger brother of Virginia Mathews and a member of the Osage Nation. In September 1928, John left his wife and children. The family later moved to New York. During the 1930s he worked as a professional radio and broadway actor and as a choir boy to help support the family since John provided little financial support. He sang at the Church of the Heavenly Rest, played a bit part in Set to Music (1939) on Broadway, and appeared in multiple episodes of The March of Time. He also acted in radio, voicing characters on Raising Your Parents (1936-1937) and The Rich Kid (1937-1938). While John and his father would speak later in his life, they were never close.",
"title": "Early life and acting"
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"text": "Mathews attended the United States Naval Academy Preparatory School and later studied engineering at the U.S. Naval Academy, graduating in 1950. He continued to act while in college in school productions. He attended the ETH Zurich. He then attended the University of Michigan in 1959 and earned a master's degree in physics. In 1962, he moved to Bowie, Maryland to work as a research scientist for the United States. He worked for the Naval Research Laboratory, the Pentagon, the United States Army, and United States Air Force. Some of his research was published in Nature.",
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"text": "After retiring from civil service, he taught at Bowie State College and worked for Travelling Tutors.",
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"title": "Personal life and death"
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"text": "He died on February 2, 2015.",
"title": "Personal life and death"
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] | John Hopper Mathews was an American and Osage Nation actor, professor, and research scientist. Mathews was born in Los Angeles and shortly after his father, John Joseph Mathews, left the family. He moved with his mother, Virginia Hopper, and older sister, Virginia Mathews, to New York City where he worked as a radio actor, broadway actor, and church choir singer to help support the family. Mathews later attended the U.S. Naval Academy, ETH Zurich, and the University of Michigan before starting a career as a military research scientist. After retiring, civil service he taught at Bowie State College. | 2023-12-08T01:51:46Z | 2023-12-08T08:31:13Z | [
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75,512,200 | Surveyor Lake | Surveyor Lake may refer to: | [
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] | Surveyor Lake may refer to: Surveyor Lake, Ontario, Canada
Surveyor Lake, Ontario, Canada | 2023-12-08T01:52:39Z | 2023-12-21T23:51:06Z | [
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75,512,221 | Michel Lajoie | Michel "Mike" Lajoie is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives. He currently represents Maine's 98th House district.
He was first elected to the 71st district in the 2008 Maine House of Representatives election. He was reelected in the 2010 Maine House of Representatives election. He was reelected in the 2012 Maine House of Representatives election. He was redistricted to the 58th district and was elected to the seat in the 2014 Maine House of Representatives election. He was reelected in the 2016 Maine House of Representatives election. He was redistricted to the 98th district and was elected to the seat in the 2020 Maine House of Representatives election. He was reelected in the 2022 Maine House of Representatives election.
Lajoie graduated from Lewiston High School and earned an associate degree in 1991 from Southern Maine Technical College. He was chief of the Lewiston Fire Department for over 31 years. | [
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"text": "Michel \"Mike\" Lajoie is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives. He currently represents Maine's 98th House district.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "He was first elected to the 71st district in the 2008 Maine House of Representatives election. He was reelected in the 2010 Maine House of Representatives election. He was reelected in the 2012 Maine House of Representatives election. He was redistricted to the 58th district and was elected to the seat in the 2014 Maine House of Representatives election. He was reelected in the 2016 Maine House of Representatives election. He was redistricted to the 98th district and was elected to the seat in the 2020 Maine House of Representatives election. He was reelected in the 2022 Maine House of Representatives election.",
"title": "Electoral history"
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"text": "Lajoie graduated from Lewiston High School and earned an associate degree in 1991 from Southern Maine Technical College. He was chief of the Lewiston Fire Department for over 31 years.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Michel "Mike" Lajoie is an American politician who has served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives. He currently represents Maine's 98th House district. | 2023-12-08T01:56:14Z | 2023-12-14T12:55:20Z | [
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75,512,227 | Chervonyi Yar | Chervonyi Yar may refer to the following villages in Ukraine: | [
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] | Chervonyi Yar may refer to the following villages in Ukraine: Chervonyi Yar, Izmail Raion, Odesa Oblast
Chervonyi Yar, Zaporizhzhia Oblast | 2023-12-08T01:57:09Z | 2023-12-08T02:07:40Z | [
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75,512,235 | Andrea Arru | Andrea Arru (born 18 August 2007) is an Italian actor and model. He is best known for playing Pietro Maggi in the teen drama series Di4ries and young Diabolik in the 2023 crime action film film Diabolik: Who Are You?.
Andrea Arru was born in Ploaghe, Sardinia, the son of Roberto Arru and Daniela Usai. He has an older brother named Giacomo. His grandmother is from Palermo.
As a child, he modeled for Ferrè and Armani, which led to him being recruited to act in a short film by the Scuola Civica di Cinema di Sassari, marking his entry into the acting world. | [
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"title": ""
},
{
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"title": "Biography"
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] | Andrea Arru is an Italian actor and model. He is best known for playing Pietro Maggi in the teen drama series Di4ries and young Diabolik in the 2023 crime action film film Diabolik: Who Are You?. | 2023-12-08T01:58:07Z | 2023-12-29T02:09:43Z | [
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75,512,237 | Marynivka | [] | 2023-12-08T01:58:40Z | 2023-12-08T02:07:06Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marynivka |
||
75,512,239 | Vaccinium cereum | Vaccinium cereum is a species of flowering plant in the heath family, Ericaceae. It is a shrub native to the Cook Islands, Marquesas Islands, and Society Islands in the South Pacific.
In the Marquesas Islands it inhabits dry and windswept mountaintops above 1,200 m, where it is a characteristic shrub in heathland growing up to one meter tall, together Metrosideros collina, Styphelia tameiameiae, and Bidens spp., and interspersed with grasses and ferns.
Three subdivisions are accepted: | [
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"text": "Vaccinium cereum is a species of flowering plant in the heath family, Ericaceae. It is a shrub native to the Cook Islands, Marquesas Islands, and Society Islands in the South Pacific.",
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},
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"text": "In the Marquesas Islands it inhabits dry and windswept mountaintops above 1,200 m, where it is a characteristic shrub in heathland growing up to one meter tall, together Metrosideros collina, Styphelia tameiameiae, and Bidens spp., and interspersed with grasses and ferns.",
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] | Vaccinium cereum is a species of flowering plant in the heath family, Ericaceae. It is a shrub native to the Cook Islands, Marquesas Islands, and Society Islands in the South Pacific. In the Marquesas Islands it inhabits dry and windswept mountaintops above 1,200 m, where it is a characteristic shrub in heathland growing up to one meter tall, together Metrosideros collina, Styphelia tameiameiae, and Bidens spp., and interspersed with grasses and ferns. Three subdivisions are accepted: Vaccinium cereum subsp. cereum – Society Islands (Tahiti) and Marquesas Islands
Vaccinium cereum subsp. cheesemanii Skottsb. – Cook Islands (Rarotonga)
Vaccinium cereum var. raiateense (J.W.Moore) M.L.Grant – Society Islands (Raiatea) | 2023-12-08T01:59:02Z | 2023-12-08T09:43:26Z | [
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75,512,254 | Heroic City | Heroic City (Spanish: ciudad heroica) is the title bestowed on cities of Mexico in recognition of some historical event in defense of national sovereignty or the republican and federal form of government. The title is granted by the state congresses of the respective states. The cities of Atlixco, Puebla de Zaragoza and [[Veracruz] have received this distinction several times. | [
{
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"text": "Heroic City (Spanish: ciudad heroica) is the title bestowed on cities of Mexico in recognition of some historical event in defense of national sovereignty or the republican and federal form of government. The title is granted by the state congresses of the respective states. The cities of Atlixco, Puebla de Zaragoza and [[Veracruz] have received this distinction several times.",
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}
] | Heroic City is the title bestowed on cities of Mexico in recognition of some historical event in defense of national sovereignty or the republican and federal form of government. The title is granted by the state congresses of the respective states. The cities of Atlixco, Puebla de Zaragoza and [[Veracruz] have received this distinction several times. | 2023-12-08T02:01:17Z | 2023-12-11T12:29:36Z | [
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75,512,256 | Haykaz Kostanyan | Haykaz Arshaki Kostanyan (Armenian: Հայկազ Արշակի Կոստանյան; 1898 – 21 April 1938) was a Soviet Armenian politician.
Kostanyan was born in to an Armenian family in Tbilisi. From 1916, he was a member of the Bolsheviks. in 1916-1917 he studied at the seminary in Etchmiadzin and in 1917–1918 at the Medical Faculty of the University of Saratov but did not graduate.
From March to October 1917, he was a Bolshevik agitator in Balaxanı near Baku. From 1918, he was secretary of the Office of the Armenian Communist Section of the Saratov Committee of the RCP(b), later secretary of the Saratov Department for Nationalities and deputy head of the Saratov Department of National Education. From January to November 1920 he was chairman of the Foreign Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Armenia. In 1920 he was arrested in Tbilisi by the Georgian government but managed to escaped to Baku.
From September 10, 1920, Kostanyan was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Armenia, from December 7, 1920, People's Commissar of Labor and People's Commissar of Social Security of the Revolutionary Committee of Armenia and ater, until 1922, People's Commissar for Internal Affairs of Armenia. From October 1922 to November 30, 1925, he was Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Georgia.
From 1925 to April 1928 he was head of the Organizational Department and member of the Secretariat of the Red International of Labor Unions (Profintern). From 1926 to 1928 he studied at the Historical Department of the Institute of Red Professors. from April 8, 1928, to May 7, 1930, Kostanyan was First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Armenia and from May 12 to December 1930 First Secretary of the Crimean Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (b). From July 13, 1930, to January 26, 1934, member of the Central Control Commission of the VKP(b). From 1931 to 1934 he was secretary of the Profintern. Later he worked at the People's Commissariat of Communications of the Soviet Union.
On July 10, 1937, Kostanyan was arrested by the NKVD. On April 20, 1938, he was sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on charges of "membership in acounter-revolutionary terrorist organization", and shot the next day.
On May 9, 1956, he was posthumously rehabilitated. | [
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"title": ""
},
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"title": "Biography"
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"text": "From March to October 1917, he was a Bolshevik agitator in Balaxanı near Baku. From 1918, he was secretary of the Office of the Armenian Communist Section of the Saratov Committee of the RCP(b), later secretary of the Saratov Department for Nationalities and deputy head of the Saratov Department of National Education. From January to November 1920 he was chairman of the Foreign Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Armenia. In 1920 he was arrested in Tbilisi by the Georgian government but managed to escaped to Baku.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "From September 10, 1920, Kostanyan was a member of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Armenia, from December 7, 1920, People's Commissar of Labor and People's Commissar of Social Security of the Revolutionary Committee of Armenia and ater, until 1922, People's Commissar for Internal Affairs of Armenia. From October 1922 to November 30, 1925, he was Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Georgia.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "From 1925 to April 1928 he was head of the Organizational Department and member of the Secretariat of the Red International of Labor Unions (Profintern). From 1926 to 1928 he studied at the Historical Department of the Institute of Red Professors. from April 8, 1928, to May 7, 1930, Kostanyan was First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Armenia and from May 12 to December 1930 First Secretary of the Crimean Regional Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (b). From July 13, 1930, to January 26, 1934, member of the Central Control Commission of the VKP(b). From 1931 to 1934 he was secretary of the Profintern. Later he worked at the People's Commissariat of Communications of the Soviet Union.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On July 10, 1937, Kostanyan was arrested by the NKVD. On April 20, 1938, he was sentenced to death by the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR on charges of \"membership in acounter-revolutionary terrorist organization\", and shot the next day.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
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"text": "On May 9, 1956, he was posthumously rehabilitated.",
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75,512,257 | 2024 in Ivory Coast | Events in the year 2024 in Ivory Coast.
Source: | [
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75,512,297 | 2023–24 Northeast Conference men's basketball season | The 2023–24 Northeast Conference men's basketball season began with practices in October 2023, followed by the start of the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season on November 6. Conference play will start in early January and end in early March 2024. This is the 43rd season of Northeast Conference men's basketball. Merrimack is the defending regular-season and conference tournament champion. Due to Merrimack's ineligibility as a team transitioning from Division II, Fairleigh Dickinson represented the conference in the 2023 NCAA tournament and advanced to the second round.
The NEC tournament will be held in March with the higher-seeded team hosting each game.
This is the final season for two NEC members. Merrimack and Sacred Heart will leave the conference after the 2023–24 school year to join the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. At the same time, Chicago State will join the NEC after two seasons as a Division I independent.
At the conclusion of the previous season, St. Francis Brooklyn, a charter member of the NEC, discontinued its entire athletic program.
On March 21, 2023, Fairleigh Dickinson head coach Tobin Anderson was named the head coach at Iona, replacing Rick Pitino who had departed for the head coaching position at St. John's. Anderson's assistant, Jack Castleberry, was immediately promoted to Fairleigh Dickinson's head coaching position.
Le Moyne College joined the Northeast Conference from the Division II Northeast-10 Conference effective July 1, 2023. Le Moyne is not eligible for the NCAA tournament until the 2027–28 season, when its four-year reclassification period ends.
Effective for the 2023–24 academic year, NEC teams transitioning from Division II are eligible for the NEC tournament during the entirety of their transition periods. If a reclassifying institution wins the NEC tournament championship, the tournament runner-up will be awarded the NEC's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. If two reclassifying teams reach the final of the NEC tournament, the conference will stage an automatic qualifier game between the two non-advancing semifinalists. The rule change results in Stonehill and Le Moyne being eligible for the 2024 NEC tournament, since Stonehill is in its second transition year, and Le Moyne is in its first.
Notes:
The table below shows the preseason rankings of NEC teams based on a poll of the conference's coaches as well as each team's preseason Pomeroy ranking among the 362 Division I teams.
() first place votes
Source:
Source:
On November 6, 2023, the season's opening night, Fairleigh Dickinson returned to action following their historic upset and run in the 2023 NCAA tournament in the head coaching debut of Jack Castleberry. Jo'el Emanuel recorded his first career double-double, which included career highs of 24 points and 11 rebounds, to lead the Knights to a 92–86 road win at Buffalo.
The following night, Le Moyne made its debut as an NEC member and a Division I program. Darrick Jones Jr. hit a three-pointer from the top of the key early in the game at Georgetown for the Dolphins' first points scored as a Division I program. Ball State transfer Kaiyem Cleary led Le Moyne with 11 points, all in the second half, and seven rebounds, but it was not enough as the Dolphins fell to the Hoyas, 94–57.
Max Zegarowski matched his career high with six three-pointers and scored 21 points and grabbed eight rebounds to lead Stonehill to a 57–44 victory over Army West Point in the Skyhawks' home opener on November 9.
Le Moyne used first-half runs of 16–2 and 20–2 to build a 47–15 lead and never looked back on their way to a 105–46 victory, their first as a Division I program, over Division III SUNY Canton in their home opener on November 13. Five Dolphins had double-figure scoring games led by Kaiyem Cleary with 21 points, Nate McClure with 16, Darrick Jones Jr. with 13 and freshman AJ Dancler with 12. Redshirt freshman Nate Fouts made his collegiate debut and scored 11 points with three assists and two blocked shots. Cleary shot 8-for-10 from the field, while adding seven rebounds and two steals in just 16 minutes. McClure hit six of his seven shots, including 4-for-5 shooting from three-point range. Dancler grabbed five rebounds and dished out five assists. The Dolphins shot 32-for-37 on two-point field goals for the game, including 15-for-16 in the first half.
In a November 15 game dubbed the Battle of the Bracket Busters, Fairleigh Dickinson hosted Saint Peter's, a team which made an unexpected run of its own to the Elite Eight at the 2022 NCAA tournament, upsetting both the No. 1 and No. 2 seeds in their region along the way. The matchup between the North Jersey neighbors was the first to be broadcast on YES as part of the Knights' new local television contract. Fairleigh Dickinson shot 7-for-13 on three-pointers in the first half and built a 43–34 lead at the break. The Peacocks used a 9–0 run to cut the Knights' lead from 13 down to four with 2:39 to play. Nursing a two-point lead in the final minute, Fairleigh Dickinson failed to score, and a three-pointer by Michael Houge gave Saint Peter's a 70–69 lead with nine seconds on the clock. Knights head coach Jack Castleberry elected not to call time-out. DeVante Jamison, who finished with 11 points, five assists and three steals, took the ensuing inbounds pass, dribbled up the floor and was fouled in the act of shooting with 2.3 seconds remaining. Jamison hit both free throws, and the Knights held on for a 71–70 victory. Ansley Almonor led Fairleigh Dickinson with a game-high 21 points, and Jo'el Emanuel scored 16 on 6-for-7 shooting from the field.
Nico Galette came off the bench to score 21 points, including the 1,000th of his career, on 9-for-11 shooting and pull down six rebounds to lead Sacred Heart to an 89–75 home win over Binghamton on November 21. Tanner Thomas added 16 points and six rebounds for the Pioneers.
Later that evening, Le Moyne recorded its first victory over a Division I opponent as a Division I program, an 80–70 win at Cal State Northridge in the Dolphins' opening game of the Golden State Hoops Jam, a multi-team event sponsored by Pacific. Luke Sutherland led the Dolphins with 24 points and five rebounds. Le Moyne started five graduate students for the first time in the program's history, and they responded by sprinting to an 11–4 lead to start the game, getting early scoring from Sutherland, Nate McClure (12 points, four rebounds and three steals for the game) and Isaiah Salter. After Le Moyne fell behind, 15–12, Mike DePersia (eight points, nine assists, four rebounds and three steals for the game) sparked a 19–2 run with a pull-up jump shot. The Matadors got no closer than three points behind the rest of the way. The Dolphins closed out the game with strong free-throw shooting, finishing the game 31-for-34 from the charity stripe.
Saint Francis used an 8–0 run to close out its 62–61 win at Lehigh and give head coach Rob Krimmel his 150th career victory on November 29. Trailing, 61–54, with under two minutes remaining, the Red Flash defense forced two turnovers and three missed shots to shut out the Mountain Hawks the rest of the way. Saint Francis was also helped by two missed free throws by Lehigh. Cam Gregory was fouled in the act of shooting a three-pointer with 10.2 seconds remaining and hit all three free throws to erase Lehigh's two-point lead and provide the winning margin. The Red Flash were led by freshmen Aaron "Ace" Talbert (12 points in 32 minutes off the bench) and Aidan Harris, who secured 15 boards, including the rebound on Lehigh's attempted game-winner in the closing seconds.
That same evening, Central Connecticut registered the largest margin of victory by an NEC team in a road game in nearly two years, when they won, 79–51, at Army West Point. Kellen Amos led the Blue Devils with 17 points and added three blocked shots. Jordan Jones scored 15 points, shooting 7-for-13 from the floor, and added five rebounds and three steals for Central Connecticut.
On December 2, Fairleigh Dickinson, Saint Francis and Wagner all overcame double-digit deficits to record road victories. Joe Munden Jr. scored 19 points and had three steals to help Fairleigh Dickinson overcome NJIT's 12-point lead and earn a 71–68 victory. DeVante Jamison added 17 points on 7-for-13 shooting, and Jo'el Emanuel had 14 points and eight rebounds for the Knights.
Bobby Rosenberger III had 19 points and three steals to help Saint Francis erase a 20-point lead, which was still at 14 points with less than eight minutes to play, and defeat American, 75–73. Cam Gregory scored 14 points and added three steals for the Red Flash.
Wagner got 13 points each from Melvin Council Jr. and Javier Esqueera and overcame a 16-point Stony Brook lead to earn a 60–59 victory. The Seahawks used a 10–0 run in the early stages of the second half to cut the Seawolves' lead to 43–42 and took their first lead of the game at 48–47, when Council scored with 8:55 to play. Stony Brook regained the lead at 59–58, but two free throws by Tyje Kelton with 1:19 remaining put Wagner back on top. Neither team scored the rest of the way.
Wagner made two defensive stands in the closing minute to secure a 62–59 victory at Coppin State on November 6. Leading by one point, the Seahawks forced the Eagles into an off-balance shot with 25 seconds remaining. A layup by Zaire Williams, who finished with a game-high 21 points, extended the Wagner lead to three with 12 seconds to play. Melvin Council Jr. (13 points) and Keyontae Lewis (11 points) then crowded Camaren Sparrow at the three-point line on Coppin State's final possession and forced an air ball.
DeVante Jamison's driving layup with 1:16 to go gave Fairleigh Dickinson a 72–69 lead at Manhattan on November 8. The Knights hit their free throws down the stretch to secure a 76–71 victory in a game the Jaspers led by 12 points with 8:39 to play. Ansley Almonor led the Knights with 24 points and added eight rebounds. Jamison finished with 12 points, eight assists and three steals.
Luke Sutherland scored an NEC season-high 35 points in the inaugural Battle of the Interstate at Binghamton, but it was not enough as Le Moyne fell, 91–79. Sutherland was 12-for-17 from the field, including 5-for-7 from beyond the arc, and hit all six of his free throws. His 35 points were the most by a Le Moyne player since the Dolphins' current head coach, Nate Champion, scored 35 in a November 2013 game that went to overtime. Sutherland also had three rebounds, three assists and two blocked shots. The Bearcats were presented a newly-minted trophy to commemorate their victory in front of Binghamton's largest home crowd in nearly two years.
Le Moyne hosted a Division I opponent for the first time since an 88–75 loss to Siena in 1991, and for the first time since becoming a Division I program on December 16, when they faced Dartmouth. With the Big Green leading, 8–7, the Dolphins went on a 15–6 run to open an eight-point lead with nine minutes to go in the first half. Kaiyem Cleary had the first eight of the 15 points, and Luke Sutherland scored the final seven during the run. A Trent Mosquera three-pointer stretched Le Moyne's lead to nine points at 32–23 with 4:15 left in the half. However, Dartmouth closed the half with a 13–4 run that tied the score at 36 at the break. The game remained tight in the opening stages of the second half, but the Dolphins closed the game with a 32–9 run over the final 13:12, which included a stretch of 15 straight points scored by Le Moyne. Sutherland had 11 of the 15 points, including three three-pointers and a layup. The Dolphins held the Big Green scoreless over the final 2:51 to secure an 80–54 victory, their first win over an Ivy League opponent. Sutherland finished the game with 24 points, while shooting 10-for-15 from the field and 4-for-8 from behind the arc, and added four rebounds, three assists, two steals and a block. Cleary contributed 19 points, shooting 4-for-6 from the floor and 3-for-4 from three-point range, while collecting six rebounds. Nate McClure had 12 rebounds for the Dolphins.
Later that day, Central Connecticut snapped Division I's second longest home winning streak at 20 games, when they won, 57–54, at UMass Lowell. Following a timeout with 6.2 seconds remaining in a tie game, Joe Ostrowsky found Jordan Jones, who had been freed up by a Tre Breland III screen, in the corner, and Jones buried a three-pointer with three seconds to go to give the Blue Devils a 57–54 lead. The River Hawks' three-point attempt at the buzzer was unsuccessful. Jones shot 7-for-14 to earn a game-high 15 points and added five rebounds. Breland scored 11 points off the bench and shot 3-for-4 from three-point range.
The table below shows the rankings of NEC teams among the 362 Division I teams throughout the season. The preseason ranking is the Pomeroy rating. The remaining weekly rankings are the NET rankings reported by the NCAA beginning with the initial release at the start of week 5.
Throughout the regular season, the Northeast Conference names player(s) of the week and rookie(s) of the week.
This table summarizes the head-to-head results between teams in conference regular-season play.
At the conclusion of the regular season, the conference selects outstanding performers based on a poll of league coaches. Below are the results.
Games will be played on March 6, 9, and 12, 2024, at campus sites. The top eight teams in the conference regular-season standings will qualify.
The NEC will have one of its teams automatically qualify for the NCAA tournament.
CBS Sports Network will televise two conference regular-season games. ESPNU will televise one conference regular-season game. SNY will televise four LIU home games and Sacred Heart's home game against Fairfield. YES will televise six Fairleigh Dickinson home games as well as two other conference regular-season games and both conference tournament semifinal games. A simulcast of the games broadcast by YES (other than the Fairleigh Dickinson home games) will be streamed by ESPN+. In addition to the YES simulcasts, ESPN+ will stream five other conference regular-season games. The conference tournament final will be televised by ESPN2. All home games of NEC teams not televised by a conference media partner will be streamed by NEC Front Row, the conference's streaming platform.
The conference semifinal games may be broadcast by YES on tape delay, if they conflict with New York Yankees spring training games. The 2024 NEC tournament final will mark the 37th consecutive year that the conference's championship game has been broadcast on linear television by an ESPN network. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023–24 Northeast Conference men's basketball season began with practices in October 2023, followed by the start of the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season on November 6. Conference play will start in early January and end in early March 2024. This is the 43rd season of Northeast Conference men's basketball. Merrimack is the defending regular-season and conference tournament champion. Due to Merrimack's ineligibility as a team transitioning from Division II, Fairleigh Dickinson represented the conference in the 2023 NCAA tournament and advanced to the second round.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The NEC tournament will be held in March with the higher-seeded team hosting each game.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "This is the final season for two NEC members. Merrimack and Sacred Heart will leave the conference after the 2023–24 school year to join the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. At the same time, Chicago State will join the NEC after two seasons as a Division I independent.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "At the conclusion of the previous season, St. Francis Brooklyn, a charter member of the NEC, discontinued its entire athletic program.",
"title": "Offseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On March 21, 2023, Fairleigh Dickinson head coach Tobin Anderson was named the head coach at Iona, replacing Rick Pitino who had departed for the head coaching position at St. John's. Anderson's assistant, Jack Castleberry, was immediately promoted to Fairleigh Dickinson's head coaching position.",
"title": "Offseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Le Moyne College joined the Northeast Conference from the Division II Northeast-10 Conference effective July 1, 2023. Le Moyne is not eligible for the NCAA tournament until the 2027–28 season, when its four-year reclassification period ends.",
"title": "Offseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Effective for the 2023–24 academic year, NEC teams transitioning from Division II are eligible for the NEC tournament during the entirety of their transition periods. If a reclassifying institution wins the NEC tournament championship, the tournament runner-up will be awarded the NEC's automatic bid to the NCAA tournament. If two reclassifying teams reach the final of the NEC tournament, the conference will stage an automatic qualifier game between the two non-advancing semifinalists. The rule change results in Stonehill and Le Moyne being eligible for the 2024 NEC tournament, since Stonehill is in its second transition year, and Le Moyne is in its first.",
"title": "Offseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Notes:",
"title": "Head coaches"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "",
"title": "Head coaches"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The table below shows the preseason rankings of NEC teams based on a poll of the conference's coaches as well as each team's preseason Pomeroy ranking among the 362 Division I teams.",
"title": "Preseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "() first place votes",
"title": "Preseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Preseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "On November 6, 2023, the season's opening night, Fairleigh Dickinson returned to action following their historic upset and run in the 2023 NCAA tournament in the head coaching debut of Jack Castleberry. Jo'el Emanuel recorded his first career double-double, which included career highs of 24 points and 11 rebounds, to lead the Knights to a 92–86 road win at Buffalo.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The following night, Le Moyne made its debut as an NEC member and a Division I program. Darrick Jones Jr. hit a three-pointer from the top of the key early in the game at Georgetown for the Dolphins' first points scored as a Division I program. Ball State transfer Kaiyem Cleary led Le Moyne with 11 points, all in the second half, and seven rebounds, but it was not enough as the Dolphins fell to the Hoyas, 94–57.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Max Zegarowski matched his career high with six three-pointers and scored 21 points and grabbed eight rebounds to lead Stonehill to a 57–44 victory over Army West Point in the Skyhawks' home opener on November 9.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Le Moyne used first-half runs of 16–2 and 20–2 to build a 47–15 lead and never looked back on their way to a 105–46 victory, their first as a Division I program, over Division III SUNY Canton in their home opener on November 13. Five Dolphins had double-figure scoring games led by Kaiyem Cleary with 21 points, Nate McClure with 16, Darrick Jones Jr. with 13 and freshman AJ Dancler with 12. Redshirt freshman Nate Fouts made his collegiate debut and scored 11 points with three assists and two blocked shots. Cleary shot 8-for-10 from the field, while adding seven rebounds and two steals in just 16 minutes. McClure hit six of his seven shots, including 4-for-5 shooting from three-point range. Dancler grabbed five rebounds and dished out five assists. The Dolphins shot 32-for-37 on two-point field goals for the game, including 15-for-16 in the first half.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "In a November 15 game dubbed the Battle of the Bracket Busters, Fairleigh Dickinson hosted Saint Peter's, a team which made an unexpected run of its own to the Elite Eight at the 2022 NCAA tournament, upsetting both the No. 1 and No. 2 seeds in their region along the way. The matchup between the North Jersey neighbors was the first to be broadcast on YES as part of the Knights' new local television contract. Fairleigh Dickinson shot 7-for-13 on three-pointers in the first half and built a 43–34 lead at the break. The Peacocks used a 9–0 run to cut the Knights' lead from 13 down to four with 2:39 to play. Nursing a two-point lead in the final minute, Fairleigh Dickinson failed to score, and a three-pointer by Michael Houge gave Saint Peter's a 70–69 lead with nine seconds on the clock. Knights head coach Jack Castleberry elected not to call time-out. DeVante Jamison, who finished with 11 points, five assists and three steals, took the ensuing inbounds pass, dribbled up the floor and was fouled in the act of shooting with 2.3 seconds remaining. Jamison hit both free throws, and the Knights held on for a 71–70 victory. Ansley Almonor led Fairleigh Dickinson with a game-high 21 points, and Jo'el Emanuel scored 16 on 6-for-7 shooting from the field.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Nico Galette came off the bench to score 21 points, including the 1,000th of his career, on 9-for-11 shooting and pull down six rebounds to lead Sacred Heart to an 89–75 home win over Binghamton on November 21. Tanner Thomas added 16 points and six rebounds for the Pioneers.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Later that evening, Le Moyne recorded its first victory over a Division I opponent as a Division I program, an 80–70 win at Cal State Northridge in the Dolphins' opening game of the Golden State Hoops Jam, a multi-team event sponsored by Pacific. Luke Sutherland led the Dolphins with 24 points and five rebounds. Le Moyne started five graduate students for the first time in the program's history, and they responded by sprinting to an 11–4 lead to start the game, getting early scoring from Sutherland, Nate McClure (12 points, four rebounds and three steals for the game) and Isaiah Salter. After Le Moyne fell behind, 15–12, Mike DePersia (eight points, nine assists, four rebounds and three steals for the game) sparked a 19–2 run with a pull-up jump shot. The Matadors got no closer than three points behind the rest of the way. The Dolphins closed out the game with strong free-throw shooting, finishing the game 31-for-34 from the charity stripe.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Saint Francis used an 8–0 run to close out its 62–61 win at Lehigh and give head coach Rob Krimmel his 150th career victory on November 29. Trailing, 61–54, with under two minutes remaining, the Red Flash defense forced two turnovers and three missed shots to shut out the Mountain Hawks the rest of the way. Saint Francis was also helped by two missed free throws by Lehigh. Cam Gregory was fouled in the act of shooting a three-pointer with 10.2 seconds remaining and hit all three free throws to erase Lehigh's two-point lead and provide the winning margin. The Red Flash were led by freshmen Aaron \"Ace\" Talbert (12 points in 32 minutes off the bench) and Aidan Harris, who secured 15 boards, including the rebound on Lehigh's attempted game-winner in the closing seconds.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "That same evening, Central Connecticut registered the largest margin of victory by an NEC team in a road game in nearly two years, when they won, 79–51, at Army West Point. Kellen Amos led the Blue Devils with 17 points and added three blocked shots. Jordan Jones scored 15 points, shooting 7-for-13 from the floor, and added five rebounds and three steals for Central Connecticut.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "On December 2, Fairleigh Dickinson, Saint Francis and Wagner all overcame double-digit deficits to record road victories. Joe Munden Jr. scored 19 points and had three steals to help Fairleigh Dickinson overcome NJIT's 12-point lead and earn a 71–68 victory. DeVante Jamison added 17 points on 7-for-13 shooting, and Jo'el Emanuel had 14 points and eight rebounds for the Knights.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "Bobby Rosenberger III had 19 points and three steals to help Saint Francis erase a 20-point lead, which was still at 14 points with less than eight minutes to play, and defeat American, 75–73. Cam Gregory scored 14 points and added three steals for the Red Flash.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "Wagner got 13 points each from Melvin Council Jr. and Javier Esqueera and overcame a 16-point Stony Brook lead to earn a 60–59 victory. The Seahawks used a 10–0 run in the early stages of the second half to cut the Seawolves' lead to 43–42 and took their first lead of the game at 48–47, when Council scored with 8:55 to play. Stony Brook regained the lead at 59–58, but two free throws by Tyje Kelton with 1:19 remaining put Wagner back on top. Neither team scored the rest of the way.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "Wagner made two defensive stands in the closing minute to secure a 62–59 victory at Coppin State on November 6. Leading by one point, the Seahawks forced the Eagles into an off-balance shot with 25 seconds remaining. A layup by Zaire Williams, who finished with a game-high 21 points, extended the Wagner lead to three with 12 seconds to play. Melvin Council Jr. (13 points) and Keyontae Lewis (11 points) then crowded Camaren Sparrow at the three-point line on Coppin State's final possession and forced an air ball.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "DeVante Jamison's driving layup with 1:16 to go gave Fairleigh Dickinson a 72–69 lead at Manhattan on November 8. The Knights hit their free throws down the stretch to secure a 76–71 victory in a game the Jaspers led by 12 points with 8:39 to play. Ansley Almonor led the Knights with 24 points and added eight rebounds. Jamison finished with 12 points, eight assists and three steals.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "Luke Sutherland scored an NEC season-high 35 points in the inaugural Battle of the Interstate at Binghamton, but it was not enough as Le Moyne fell, 91–79. Sutherland was 12-for-17 from the field, including 5-for-7 from beyond the arc, and hit all six of his free throws. His 35 points were the most by a Le Moyne player since the Dolphins' current head coach, Nate Champion, scored 35 in a November 2013 game that went to overtime. Sutherland also had three rebounds, three assists and two blocked shots. The Bearcats were presented a newly-minted trophy to commemorate their victory in front of Binghamton's largest home crowd in nearly two years.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "Le Moyne hosted a Division I opponent for the first time since an 88–75 loss to Siena in 1991, and for the first time since becoming a Division I program on December 16, when they faced Dartmouth. With the Big Green leading, 8–7, the Dolphins went on a 15–6 run to open an eight-point lead with nine minutes to go in the first half. Kaiyem Cleary had the first eight of the 15 points, and Luke Sutherland scored the final seven during the run. A Trent Mosquera three-pointer stretched Le Moyne's lead to nine points at 32–23 with 4:15 left in the half. However, Dartmouth closed the half with a 13–4 run that tied the score at 36 at the break. The game remained tight in the opening stages of the second half, but the Dolphins closed the game with a 32–9 run over the final 13:12, which included a stretch of 15 straight points scored by Le Moyne. Sutherland had 11 of the 15 points, including three three-pointers and a layup. The Dolphins held the Big Green scoreless over the final 2:51 to secure an 80–54 victory, their first win over an Ivy League opponent. Sutherland finished the game with 24 points, while shooting 10-for-15 from the field and 4-for-8 from behind the arc, and added four rebounds, three assists, two steals and a block. Cleary contributed 19 points, shooting 4-for-6 from the floor and 3-for-4 from three-point range, while collecting six rebounds. Nate McClure had 12 rebounds for the Dolphins.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "Later that day, Central Connecticut snapped Division I's second longest home winning streak at 20 games, when they won, 57–54, at UMass Lowell. Following a timeout with 6.2 seconds remaining in a tie game, Joe Ostrowsky found Jordan Jones, who had been freed up by a Tre Breland III screen, in the corner, and Jones buried a three-pointer with three seconds to go to give the Blue Devils a 57–54 lead. The River Hawks' three-point attempt at the buzzer was unsuccessful. Jones shot 7-for-14 to earn a game-high 15 points and added five rebounds. Breland scored 11 points off the bench and shot 3-for-4 from three-point range.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "The table below shows the rankings of NEC teams among the 362 Division I teams throughout the season. The preseason ranking is the Pomeroy rating. The remaining weekly rankings are the NET rankings reported by the NCAA beginning with the initial release at the start of week 5.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "Throughout the regular season, the Northeast Conference names player(s) of the week and rookie(s) of the week.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "This table summarizes the head-to-head results between teams in conference regular-season play.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "At the conclusion of the regular season, the conference selects outstanding performers based on a poll of league coaches. Below are the results.",
"title": "Regular season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "Games will be played on March 6, 9, and 12, 2024, at campus sites. The top eight teams in the conference regular-season standings will qualify.",
"title": "Postseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "The NEC will have one of its teams automatically qualify for the NCAA tournament.",
"title": "Postseason"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "CBS Sports Network will televise two conference regular-season games. ESPNU will televise one conference regular-season game. SNY will televise four LIU home games and Sacred Heart's home game against Fairfield. YES will televise six Fairleigh Dickinson home games as well as two other conference regular-season games and both conference tournament semifinal games. A simulcast of the games broadcast by YES (other than the Fairleigh Dickinson home games) will be streamed by ESPN+. In addition to the YES simulcasts, ESPN+ will stream five other conference regular-season games. The conference tournament final will be televised by ESPN2. All home games of NEC teams not televised by a conference media partner will be streamed by NEC Front Row, the conference's streaming platform.",
"title": "Media coverage"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "The conference semifinal games may be broadcast by YES on tape delay, if they conflict with New York Yankees spring training games. The 2024 NEC tournament final will mark the 37th consecutive year that the conference's championship game has been broadcast on linear television by an ESPN network.",
"title": "Media coverage"
}
] | The 2023–24 Northeast Conference men's basketball season began with practices in October 2023, followed by the start of the 2023–24 NCAA Division I men's basketball season on November 6. Conference play will start in early January and end in early March 2024. This is the 43rd season of Northeast Conference men's basketball. Merrimack is the defending regular-season and conference tournament champion. Due to Merrimack's ineligibility as a team transitioning from Division II, Fairleigh Dickinson represented the conference in the 2023 NCAA tournament and advanced to the second round. The NEC tournament will be held in March with the higher-seeded team hosting each game. This is the final season for two NEC members. Merrimack and Sacred Heart will leave the conference after the 2023–24 school year to join the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference. At the same time, Chicago State will join the NEC after two seasons as a Division I independent. | 2023-12-08T02:08:19Z | 2023-12-31T23:04:57Z | [
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75,512,319 | John Nellikunnel | Mar John Nellikunnel (born 22 March 1973) is an Indian bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church who serves as the Eparch of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki since his installation in 2018.
Mar John Nellikunnel was born on 22 March 1973 in Kadaplamattom, Kerala to Varkey and Mary Nellikunnel. He has one sister who is a nun, and two brothers. One of his brothers Mathew Nellikunnel was appointed Eparch of the Eparchy of Gorakhpur, making history as the first two brothers to serve together in the Syro-Malabar Synod of Bishops. Mar Nellikunnel went to St. Mary’s High School, Mariapuram before in 1988 when he began his priestly formation at the Minor Seminary of the Eparchy of Kothamangalam. He attended the St. Thomas Apostolic Seminary, Vadavathoor for the philosophical and theological studies. He was then ordained as a Priest by Mar George Punnakottil on 30 December 1998. He served in various assistant pastor roles in the Eparchy before going back for studies at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome for a Licentiate in Philosophy and a Doctorate in Philosophy from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas. He then came back to India for Pastoral duties until in 2010 when he was appointed the Eparchical Chancellor and Secretary to the Bishop by Mathew Anikuzhikattil. Along with these duties he was the Head of the Catechetical Department and Bible Apostolate along with being a resident staff at St. Joseph’s Pontifical Seminary, Mangalapuzha where he served as the Seminary Procurator. In 2015, He was appointed the Seminary's dean.
In 2018, he was appointed to succeed Mathew Anikuzhikattil as the Eparch of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki. He was ordained by Cardinal Mar George Alencherry on 5 April 2018 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mar John Nellikunnel (born 22 March 1973) is an Indian bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church who serves as the Eparch of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki since his installation in 2018.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Mar John Nellikunnel was born on 22 March 1973 in Kadaplamattom, Kerala to Varkey and Mary Nellikunnel. He has one sister who is a nun, and two brothers. One of his brothers Mathew Nellikunnel was appointed Eparch of the Eparchy of Gorakhpur, making history as the first two brothers to serve together in the Syro-Malabar Synod of Bishops. Mar Nellikunnel went to St. Mary’s High School, Mariapuram before in 1988 when he began his priestly formation at the Minor Seminary of the Eparchy of Kothamangalam. He attended the St. Thomas Apostolic Seminary, Vadavathoor for the philosophical and theological studies. He was then ordained as a Priest by Mar George Punnakottil on 30 December 1998. He served in various assistant pastor roles in the Eparchy before going back for studies at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome for a Licentiate in Philosophy and a Doctorate in Philosophy from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas. He then came back to India for Pastoral duties until in 2010 when he was appointed the Eparchical Chancellor and Secretary to the Bishop by Mathew Anikuzhikattil. Along with these duties he was the Head of the Catechetical Department and Bible Apostolate along with being a resident staff at St. Joseph’s Pontifical Seminary, Mangalapuzha where he served as the Seminary Procurator. In 2015, He was appointed the Seminary's dean.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
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"text": "In 2018, he was appointed to succeed Mathew Anikuzhikattil as the Eparch of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki. He was ordained by Cardinal Mar George Alencherry on 5 April 2018",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Mar John Nellikunnel is an Indian bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church who serves as the Eparch of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki since his installation in 2018. | 2023-12-08T02:12:54Z | 2023-12-31T13:56:42Z | [
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75,512,322 | FIBA 3x3 AmeriCup | The FIBA 3x3 AmeriCup is a 3x3 basketball tournament held annually since 2021 which features teams from the FIBA Americas zone competing for the 3x3 zone championship. The tournament is organized by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). The debut of the tournament was held in August 2021 in Miami, USA. The current AmeriCup champions are Puerto Rico in the men's division and United States in the women's division. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The FIBA 3x3 AmeriCup is a 3x3 basketball tournament held annually since 2021 which features teams from the FIBA Americas zone competing for the 3x3 zone championship. The tournament is organized by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). The debut of the tournament was held in August 2021 in Miami, USA. The current AmeriCup champions are Puerto Rico in the men's division and United States in the women's division.",
"title": ""
}
] | The FIBA 3x3 AmeriCup is a 3x3 basketball tournament held annually since 2021 which features teams from the FIBA Americas zone competing for the 3x3 zone championship. The tournament is organized by the International Basketball Federation (FIBA). The debut of the tournament was held in August 2021 in Miami, USA. The current AmeriCup champions are Puerto Rico in the men's division and United States in the women's division. | 2023-12-08T02:13:32Z | 2023-12-25T02:13:46Z | [
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75,512,332 | Galerías Perinorte | Galerías Perinorte Is a shopping center in Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, in the northwest part of the Mexico City metropolitan area. The architect was Manuel Rocha Díaz and it was built between 1985 and 1990 and opened in 1992. The anchors are a Cinépolis multicinema and Liverpool and Suburbia department stores. The Perinorte center, as well as Liverpool and Suburbia chains, are all owned by the El Puerto de Liverpool group. Perinorte is part of the Puerto group's shopping center division, Galerías.
The Liverpool store originally opened as a branch of Fábricas de Francia, but the chain's stores were all rebranded as either Liverpool or Suburbia in September 2018.
Perinorte (perimetro norte, "northern perimeter") mimics the name of another Galerías-operated mall, Perisur, which opened in 1980 as the third and then-largest, US-style mall in Mexico City. The name Perisur reflected the name of the freeway along which it was located, Anillo Periférico Sur ("southern ring road"). Perinorte is located along the freeway where the Periférico Norte (north ring road) turns into the Autopista México–Querétaro (Mexico City–Querétaro Toll Road), a portion of Mexican Federal Highway 57D. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Galerías Perinorte Is a shopping center in Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, in the northwest part of the Mexico City metropolitan area. The architect was Manuel Rocha Díaz and it was built between 1985 and 1990 and opened in 1992. The anchors are a Cinépolis multicinema and Liverpool and Suburbia department stores. The Perinorte center, as well as Liverpool and Suburbia chains, are all owned by the El Puerto de Liverpool group. Perinorte is part of the Puerto group's shopping center division, Galerías.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The Liverpool store originally opened as a branch of Fábricas de Francia, but the chain's stores were all rebranded as either Liverpool or Suburbia in September 2018.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Perinorte (perimetro norte, \"northern perimeter\") mimics the name of another Galerías-operated mall, Perisur, which opened in 1980 as the third and then-largest, US-style mall in Mexico City. The name Perisur reflected the name of the freeway along which it was located, Anillo Periférico Sur (\"southern ring road\"). Perinorte is located along the freeway where the Periférico Norte (north ring road) turns into the Autopista México–Querétaro (Mexico City–Querétaro Toll Road), a portion of Mexican Federal Highway 57D.",
"title": ""
}
] | Galerías Perinorte Is a shopping center in Cuautitlán Izcalli, State of Mexico, in the northwest part of the Mexico City metropolitan area. The architect was Manuel Rocha Díaz and it was built between 1985 and 1990 and opened in 1992. The anchors are a Cinépolis multicinema and Liverpool and Suburbia department stores. The Perinorte center, as well as Liverpool and Suburbia chains, are all owned by the El Puerto de Liverpool group. Perinorte is part of the Puerto group's shopping center division, Galerías. The Liverpool store originally opened as a branch of Fábricas de Francia, but the chain's stores were all rebranded as either Liverpool or Suburbia in September 2018. Perinorte mimics the name of another Galerías-operated mall, Perisur, which opened in 1980 as the third and then-largest, US-style mall in Mexico City. The name Perisur reflected the name of the freeway along which it was located, Anillo Periférico Sur. Perinorte is located along the freeway where the Periférico Norte turns into the Autopista México–Querétaro, a portion of Mexican Federal Highway 57D. | 2023-12-08T02:16:04Z | 2023-12-08T19:33:37Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cita web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Authority control"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galer%C3%ADas_Perinorte |
75,512,380 | Jurassic Park: Survival (upcoming video game) | Jurassic Park: Survival is an upcoming video game in development by Saber Interactive. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jurassic Park: Survival is an upcoming video game in development by Saber Interactive.",
"title": ""
}
] | Jurassic Park: Survival is an upcoming video game in development by Saber Interactive. | 2023-12-08T02:22:49Z | 2023-12-08T05:17:01Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurassic_Park:_Survival_(upcoming_video_game) |
75,512,408 | Donatus of Bagai | Donatus of Bagaï, also known as Donatus of Aurasium, was an ancient Donatist bishop and martyr whose life and actions played a significant role in the complex religious landscape of 4th century Numidia. Despite being primarily known through hostile reports, notably found in Optatus' "Contra Parmenianum Donatistam" Donatus of Bagai left a lasting impact on the Donatist movement.
In 321, Emperor Constantine, faced with the failure of the campaign against the Donatists and more pressing military concerns, temporarily suspended laws against them. This initiated a quarter-century period (321–346) during which Donatists and Catholics coexisted in a modus vivendi, with some areas being predominantly Catholic and others Donatist.
Donatism flourished without significant state interference until 346, with Bagai being one of two holy Donatist cities, alongside Timgad in southern Numidia, where important Donatist councils were held.
Emperor Constans tried to restore the unity of the church in North Africa in several ways. According to the Donatist’s claim, the persecution of the dissenting party was probably part of his plan. In 346 A. D. Donatus Magnus, the eponym of the movement, approached the Emperor for recognition. Constans did not immediately reject this appeal. In 347, Constans sent two commissioners, Paulus and Macarius, with a considerable amount of money to make an equal distribution among the Donatist and Catholic churches. In the eyes of Donatus of Bagai, this act was already a successful step toward recognition, and therefore he rejected the insolent bribery and forbade his followers to receive it. He quoted Tertullian’s famous words:
“What has the emperor to do with the church?”.
Paulus’ and Macarius’ journey became truly problematic; when the commissioners traveled in the Aures region between Theveste (Tebessa) and Thamugadi (Timgad) the reaction of local communities proved overtly hostile and the commissioners sought military assistance to investigate and pacify the countryside . The Donatists responded, with Donatus, Bishop of Bagai, calling for help from what was called ‘Circumcelliones’, who barricaded themselves in a basilica, which was stormed by soldiers. Donatus of Bagai and his defenders were massacred. When other Donatist bishops protested Macarius had them flogged and, later, the Donatist bishop Marculus of Thamugadi was martyred in 347 . A decree proclaiming the unity of the two churches under Gratus caused riots in Carthage, which were suppressed as well resulting in a dozen martyrs.
After the unsuccessful attempt to pay a considerable amount of money to the Donatists for maintaining peace with the Catholics and after the fighting, Constans practiced force and oppression against the Donatists through his commissar Macarius. The result of the Macarian campaign (346–348) was the renewal of sectarian strife, the creation of a new crop of martyrs, and the composition of new Donatist martyr stories.
According to the Donatist tradition, Donatus of Bagai was thrown into a well, while Marculus excuted off a cliff. The former could have been the subject of a reference in the Donatist text "Passio Ss. Martyrum Maximiani et Isaac":
"It excited no venerable ears or hearts. Only the consolation of rumor about your uncounted martyrs of Numidia encouraged the souls of our brothers and sisters"
Marculus then went to become one of the great heroes of the dissenting party, venerated in the Donatist text Passio benedicti martyris Marculi. Bagai experienced continuous persecution under the Romans until a counter-movement, initiated in 390 by the strong bishop, Optatus of thamugadi, led to it regaining its status as a holy city within a short window of 10 years. He used troops not only against the inner dissenting group of Donatists but also against the Catholics .During that time Petilian was made bishop of Cirta; He stated that there could be no alliance with the “Party of Macarius” as Petilian darkly intoned, “for God does not have butchers as his priests". The martyr acts are more severe: there, traditores are called “ministers of Antichrist".
"Whom do you teach, traditor?" the Donatist bishop Petilian taunted: “Him whom you condemn? Whom do you teach, traditor? Him whom you kill?” They were “Macarians,” descendants of that dread arbiter who had slaughtered bishop Donatus of Bagai in his own see and had hurled bishop Marculus over a Numidian precipice – As Petilian stated
In the "Contra litteras Petiliani" Augustine of Hippo disputed some accusations made by Petilian . The Donatist movement persisted beyond 411-420, with Donatus of Bagai's legacy enduring. However, the theological disputes ceased to be vital for North Africans after 450, overshadowed by more pressing concerns, such as the Vandal occupation in the 420s.
In response to Petilian's accusations regarding the actions of Macarius, Augustine of Hippo addressed the issue in his letters. Augustine, while not explicitly disowning Macarius, adopted a pragmatic stance by asserting that Macarius's character, whether virtuous or wicked, was irrelevant to the matter at hand and did not impact their case. In his earliest anti-Donatist text, "Psalmus Contra Partem Donati," Augustine challenged the exaggeration of Macarius's influence by his opponents, suggesting that the accusations against Macarius were used as a diversion. Augustine acknowledged the presence of flaws within their communion but maintained that Macarius, even if imperfect, adhered to the Christian law by fighting for unity. He did not absolve Macarius of fault but argued that the Donatists were, in his view, more egregious transgressors. This nuanced perspective reflects Augustine's emphasis on the pursuit of unity within the Christian community, even when faced with the imperfections of individuals involved in the controversy. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Donatus of Bagaï, also known as Donatus of Aurasium, was an ancient Donatist bishop and martyr whose life and actions played a significant role in the complex religious landscape of 4th century Numidia. Despite being primarily known through hostile reports, notably found in Optatus' \"Contra Parmenianum Donatistam\" Donatus of Bagai left a lasting impact on the Donatist movement.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 321, Emperor Constantine, faced with the failure of the campaign against the Donatists and more pressing military concerns, temporarily suspended laws against them. This initiated a quarter-century period (321–346) during which Donatists and Catholics coexisted in a modus vivendi, with some areas being predominantly Catholic and others Donatist.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Donatism flourished without significant state interference until 346, with Bagai being one of two holy Donatist cities, alongside Timgad in southern Numidia, where important Donatist councils were held.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Emperor Constans tried to restore the unity of the church in North Africa in several ways. According to the Donatist’s claim, the persecution of the dissenting party was probably part of his plan. In 346 A. D. Donatus Magnus, the eponym of the movement, approached the Emperor for recognition. Constans did not immediately reject this appeal. In 347, Constans sent two commissioners, Paulus and Macarius, with a considerable amount of money to make an equal distribution among the Donatist and Catholic churches. In the eyes of Donatus of Bagai, this act was already a successful step toward recognition, and therefore he rejected the insolent bribery and forbade his followers to receive it. He quoted Tertullian’s famous words:",
"title": "Macarian Campaign and Renewed Strife (346-348)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "“What has the emperor to do with the church?”.",
"title": "Macarian Campaign and Renewed Strife (346-348)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Paulus’ and Macarius’ journey became truly problematic; when the commissioners traveled in the Aures region between Theveste (Tebessa) and Thamugadi (Timgad) the reaction of local communities proved overtly hostile and the commissioners sought military assistance to investigate and pacify the countryside . The Donatists responded, with Donatus, Bishop of Bagai, calling for help from what was called ‘Circumcelliones’, who barricaded themselves in a basilica, which was stormed by soldiers. Donatus of Bagai and his defenders were massacred. When other Donatist bishops protested Macarius had them flogged and, later, the Donatist bishop Marculus of Thamugadi was martyred in 347 . A decree proclaiming the unity of the two churches under Gratus caused riots in Carthage, which were suppressed as well resulting in a dozen martyrs.",
"title": "Macarian Campaign and Renewed Strife (346-348)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "After the unsuccessful attempt to pay a considerable amount of money to the Donatists for maintaining peace with the Catholics and after the fighting, Constans practiced force and oppression against the Donatists through his commissar Macarius. The result of the Macarian campaign (346–348) was the renewal of sectarian strife, the creation of a new crop of martyrs, and the composition of new Donatist martyr stories.",
"title": "Macarian Campaign and Renewed Strife (346-348)"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "According to the Donatist tradition, Donatus of Bagai was thrown into a well, while Marculus excuted off a cliff. The former could have been the subject of a reference in the Donatist text \"Passio Ss. Martyrum Maximiani et Isaac\":",
"title": "Martyrdom of Donatus of Bagai (347) and aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "\"It excited no venerable ears or hearts. Only the consolation of rumor about your uncounted martyrs of Numidia encouraged the souls of our brothers and sisters\"",
"title": "Martyrdom of Donatus of Bagai (347) and aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Marculus then went to become one of the great heroes of the dissenting party, venerated in the Donatist text Passio benedicti martyris Marculi. Bagai experienced continuous persecution under the Romans until a counter-movement, initiated in 390 by the strong bishop, Optatus of thamugadi, led to it regaining its status as a holy city within a short window of 10 years. He used troops not only against the inner dissenting group of Donatists but also against the Catholics .During that time Petilian was made bishop of Cirta; He stated that there could be no alliance with the “Party of Macarius” as Petilian darkly intoned, “for God does not have butchers as his priests\". The martyr acts are more severe: there, traditores are called “ministers of Antichrist\".",
"title": "Martyrdom of Donatus of Bagai (347) and aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "\"Whom do you teach, traditor?\" the Donatist bishop Petilian taunted: “Him whom you condemn? Whom do you teach, traditor? Him whom you kill?” They were “Macarians,” descendants of that dread arbiter who had slaughtered bishop Donatus of Bagai in his own see and had hurled bishop Marculus over a Numidian precipice – As Petilian stated",
"title": "Martyrdom of Donatus of Bagai (347) and aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In the \"Contra litteras Petiliani\" Augustine of Hippo disputed some accusations made by Petilian . The Donatist movement persisted beyond 411-420, with Donatus of Bagai's legacy enduring. However, the theological disputes ceased to be vital for North Africans after 450, overshadowed by more pressing concerns, such as the Vandal occupation in the 420s.",
"title": "Martyrdom of Donatus of Bagai (347) and aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In response to Petilian's accusations regarding the actions of Macarius, Augustine of Hippo addressed the issue in his letters. Augustine, while not explicitly disowning Macarius, adopted a pragmatic stance by asserting that Macarius's character, whether virtuous or wicked, was irrelevant to the matter at hand and did not impact their case. In his earliest anti-Donatist text, \"Psalmus Contra Partem Donati,\" Augustine challenged the exaggeration of Macarius's influence by his opponents, suggesting that the accusations against Macarius were used as a diversion. Augustine acknowledged the presence of flaws within their communion but maintained that Macarius, even if imperfect, adhered to the Christian law by fighting for unity. He did not absolve Macarius of fault but argued that the Donatists were, in his view, more egregious transgressors. This nuanced perspective reflects Augustine's emphasis on the pursuit of unity within the Christian community, even when faced with the imperfections of individuals involved in the controversy.",
"title": "Later opinion by Augustine of Hippo"
}
] | Donatus of Bagaï, also known as Donatus of Aurasium, was an ancient Donatist bishop and martyr whose life and actions played a significant role in the complex religious landscape of 4th century Numidia. Despite being primarily known through hostile reports, notably found in Optatus' "Contra Parmenianum Donatistam" Donatus of Bagai left a lasting impact on the Donatist movement. | 2023-12-08T02:24:35Z | 2023-12-28T13:27:40Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donatus_of_Bagai |
75,512,498 | D. L. Kilgore | Dawson L. Kilgore
D. L. Kilgore was a state legislator in Aroansas. He served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1877.
He served in the Arkansas House of Representatives]] from 1856-1861, 1877-1878, 1889-1890, and 1893-1894.
Represented Columbia County and then Union County?
Related to Albert S. Kilgore? | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Dawson L. Kilgore",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "D. L. Kilgore was a state legislator in Aroansas. He served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1877.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He served in the Arkansas House of Representatives]] from 1856-1861, 1877-1878, 1889-1890, and 1893-1894.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Represented Columbia County and then Union County?",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Related to Albert S. Kilgore?",
"title": ""
}
] | Dawson L. Kilgore D. L. Kilgore was a state legislator in Aroansas. He served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives in 1877. He served in the Arkansas House of Representatives]] from 1856-1861, 1877-1878, 1889-1890, and 1893-1894. Represented Columbia County and then Union County? Related to Albert S. Kilgore? | 2023-12-08T02:29:29Z | 2023-12-08T02:32:26Z | [
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D._L._Kilgore |
75,512,499 | John Nellikkunnel | Mar John Nellikkunnel (born March 22, 1973) is a Indian-born bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church who serves as the Eparch of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki since his installation in 2018.
Mar John Nellikunnel was born on March 22, 2023 in Kadaplamattom, Kerala to Varkey and Mary Nellikunnel. He has one sister who is a Nun and 2 Brothers. One of his brothers Mathew Nellikunnel was appointed Eparch of the Eparchy of Gorakhpur, making history as the first two brothers to serve together in the Syro Malabar Synod of Bishops. Mar Nellikunnel went to St. Mary’s High School, Mariapuram before in 1988 when he began his priestly formation at the Minor Seminary of the Eparchy of Kothamangalam. He attended the St. Thomas Apostolic Seminary, Vadavathoor for the philosophical and theological studies. He was then ordained as a Priest by Mar George Punnakottil on December 30, 1998. He served in various assistant pastor roles in the Eparchy before going back for studies at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome for a Licentiate in Philosophy and a Doctorate in Philosophy from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas. He then came back to India for Pastoral duties until in 2010 when he was appointed the Eparchical Chancellor and Secretary to the Bishop by Mathew Anikuzhikattil. Along with these duties he was the Head of the Catechetical Department and Bible Apostolate along with being a resident staff at St. Joseph’s Pontifical Seminary, Mangalapuzha where he served as the Seminary Procurator. In 2015, He was appointed the Seminary's dean.
In 2018, He was appointed to succeed Mathew Anikuzhikattil as the Eparch of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki. He was ordained by Cardinal Mar George Alencherry on April 5, 2018 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mar John Nellikkunnel (born March 22, 1973) is a Indian-born bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church who serves as the Eparch of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki since his installation in 2018.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Mar John Nellikunnel was born on March 22, 2023 in Kadaplamattom, Kerala to Varkey and Mary Nellikunnel. He has one sister who is a Nun and 2 Brothers. One of his brothers Mathew Nellikunnel was appointed Eparch of the Eparchy of Gorakhpur, making history as the first two brothers to serve together in the Syro Malabar Synod of Bishops. Mar Nellikunnel went to St. Mary’s High School, Mariapuram before in 1988 when he began his priestly formation at the Minor Seminary of the Eparchy of Kothamangalam. He attended the St. Thomas Apostolic Seminary, Vadavathoor for the philosophical and theological studies. He was then ordained as a Priest by Mar George Punnakottil on December 30, 1998. He served in various assistant pastor roles in the Eparchy before going back for studies at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome for a Licentiate in Philosophy and a Doctorate in Philosophy from the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas. He then came back to India for Pastoral duties until in 2010 when he was appointed the Eparchical Chancellor and Secretary to the Bishop by Mathew Anikuzhikattil. Along with these duties he was the Head of the Catechetical Department and Bible Apostolate along with being a resident staff at St. Joseph’s Pontifical Seminary, Mangalapuzha where he served as the Seminary Procurator. In 2015, He was appointed the Seminary's dean.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2018, He was appointed to succeed Mathew Anikuzhikattil as the Eparch of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki. He was ordained by Cardinal Mar George Alencherry on April 5, 2018",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Mar John Nellikkunnel is a Indian-born bishop of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Church who serves as the Eparch of the Syro-Malabar Catholic Eparchy of Idukki since his installation in 2018. | 2023-12-08T02:29:31Z | 2023-12-08T02:30:12Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Nellikkunnel |
75,512,544 | 2024 Copa América Group A | Group A of the 2024 Copa América is one of the four groups in the group stage of the tournament and consists of defending champions and current world champions Argentina, Peru, Chile and a CONCACAF play-in round winner (CONCACAF 5, either Canada or Trinidad and Tobago). Matches of Group A wil take place from June 20 to 29, 2023 in six different venues and will include the tournament's opening match between Argentina and the CONCACAF 5 team.
The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals.
In the quarter-finals:
All kick-off times are local times, as listed by CONMEBOL. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Group A of the 2024 Copa América is one of the four groups in the group stage of the tournament and consists of defending champions and current world champions Argentina, Peru, Chile and a CONCACAF play-in round winner (CONCACAF 5, either Canada or Trinidad and Tobago). Matches of Group A wil take place from June 20 to 29, 2023 in six different venues and will include the tournament's opening match between Argentina and the CONCACAF 5 team.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals.",
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},
{
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"text": "In the quarter-finals:",
"title": "Standings"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "All kick-off times are local times, as listed by CONMEBOL.",
"title": "Matches"
}
] | Group A of the 2024 Copa América is one of the four groups in the group stage of the tournament and consists of defending champions and current world champions Argentina, Peru, Chile and a CONCACAF play-in round winner. Matches of Group A wil take place from June 20 to 29, 2023 in six different venues and will include the tournament's opening match between Argentina and the CONCACAF 5 team. The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals. | 2023-12-08T02:32:20Z | 2023-12-10T13:25:15Z | [
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75,512,601 | 2023–24 Southern Miss Lady Eagles basketball team | The 2023–24 Southern Miss Lady Eagles basketball team represents the University of Southern Mississippi during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The team is led by twentieth-year head coach Joye Lee-McNelis, and plays their home games at the Reed Green Coliseum in Hattiesburg, Mississippi as a member of the Sun Belt Conference.
The Lady Eagles finished as co-conference season champions for the 2022–23 basketball season. They lost in the conference tournament to Texas State 85–57 and were unable to secure a bid into the NCAA tournament.
Despite her recurring battle with lung cancer, head coach Lee-McNelis stated that she would be back to coach the 2023–24 season. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023–24 Southern Miss Lady Eagles basketball team represents the University of Southern Mississippi during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The team is led by twentieth-year head coach Joye Lee-McNelis, and plays their home games at the Reed Green Coliseum in Hattiesburg, Mississippi as a member of the Sun Belt Conference.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Lady Eagles finished as co-conference season champions for the 2022–23 basketball season. They lost in the conference tournament to Texas State 85–57 and were unable to secure a bid into the NCAA tournament.",
"title": "Previous season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Despite her recurring battle with lung cancer, head coach Lee-McNelis stated that she would be back to coach the 2023–24 season.",
"title": "Previous season"
}
] | The 2023–24 Southern Miss Lady Eagles basketball team represents the University of Southern Mississippi during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The team is led by twentieth-year head coach Joye Lee-McNelis, and plays their home games at the Reed Green Coliseum in Hattiesburg, Mississippi as a member of the Sun Belt Conference. | 2023-12-08T02:38:08Z | 2023-12-31T00:25:57Z | [
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75,512,616 | 2024 Copa América Group C | Group C is one of four groups in the first stage of the 2024 edition of Copa América, the premier soccer tournament for men's national teams representing countries in South America organized by CONMEBOL. The tournament also includes teams from the CONCACAF region, which includes North America.
The group includes hosts United States from CONCACAF, Uruguay from CONMEBOL, Panama from CONCACAF, and Bolivia from CONMEBOL. The draw for the groups was conduced on December 7, 2023, after the United States was seeded into the group. Group C's matches will begin on June 23, 2024, and conclude on July 1 after a round-robin of three matches per team. The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals.
In the quarter-finals:
All kick-off times are local times, as listed by CONMEBOL. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Group C is one of four groups in the first stage of the 2024 edition of Copa América, the premier soccer tournament for men's national teams representing countries in South America organized by CONMEBOL. The tournament also includes teams from the CONCACAF region, which includes North America.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The group includes hosts United States from CONCACAF, Uruguay from CONMEBOL, Panama from CONCACAF, and Bolivia from CONMEBOL. The draw for the groups was conduced on December 7, 2023, after the United States was seeded into the group. Group C's matches will begin on June 23, 2024, and conclude on July 1 after a round-robin of three matches per team. The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In the quarter-finals:",
"title": "Standings"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "All kick-off times are local times, as listed by CONMEBOL.",
"title": "Matches"
}
] | Group C is one of four groups in the first stage of the 2024 edition of Copa América, the premier soccer tournament for men's national teams representing countries in South America organized by CONMEBOL. The tournament also includes teams from the CONCACAF region, which includes North America. The group includes hosts United States from CONCACAF, Uruguay from CONMEBOL, Panama from CONCACAF, and Bolivia from CONMEBOL. The draw for the groups was conduced on December 7, 2023, after the United States was seeded into the group. Group C's matches will begin on June 23, 2024, and conclude on July 1 after a round-robin of three matches per team. The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals. | 2023-12-08T02:39:46Z | 2023-12-10T12:50:51Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Copa_Am%C3%A9rica_Group_C |
75,512,630 | Salvelinus neiva | Salvelinus neiva, also known as neiva, is a freshwater species of fish in the salmon family. It is endemic to the Okhota river basin of the Russian far east and mountain lakes nearby.
Neiva can reach a recorded maximum length of 55.0 cm (21.7 inches). The fish have a banded body and a large conical head. Usually they have silvery body, with bright yellow spots during the spawning season. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Salvelinus neiva, also known as neiva, is a freshwater species of fish in the salmon family. It is endemic to the Okhota river basin of the Russian far east and mountain lakes nearby.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Neiva can reach a recorded maximum length of 55.0 cm (21.7 inches). The fish have a banded body and a large conical head. Usually they have silvery body, with bright yellow spots during the spawning season.",
"title": "Description"
}
] | Salvelinus neiva, also known as neiva, is a freshwater species of fish in the salmon family. It is endemic to the Okhota river basin of the Russian far east and mountain lakes nearby. | 2023-12-08T02:40:58Z | 2023-12-14T21:54:31Z | [
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"Template:Speciesbox",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvelinus_neiva |
75,512,632 | 2024 Santos FC season | The 2024 season will be Santos FC's 112th season in existence and the club's first season in the second division of Brazilian football, after suffering relegation in the previous season. As well as the Série B, the club competes in the Campeonato Paulista.
On 9 December 2023, Marcelo Teixeira was elected the new president, returning to the role after 14 years.
Source: SantosFC.com.br (for appearances and goals), Wikipedia players' articles (for international appearances and goals), FPF (for contracts). Players in italic were not registered for the Campeonato Paulista.
Source: Match reports in Competitive matches, Soccerway
Source: Match reports in Competitive matches
Source: Match reports in Competitive matches, Soccerway = Number of bookings; = Number of sending offs after a second yellow card; = Number of sending offs by a direct red card.
Source: Match reports in Competitive matches
Source: Competitions
Source: Globo Esporte
Source: Soccerway | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 season will be Santos FC's 112th season in existence and the club's first season in the second division of Brazilian football, after suffering relegation in the previous season. As well as the Série B, the club competes in the Campeonato Paulista.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On 9 December 2023, Marcelo Teixeira was elected the new president, returning to the role after 14 years.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Source: SantosFC.com.br (for appearances and goals), Wikipedia players' articles (for international appearances and goals), FPF (for contracts). Players in italic were not registered for the Campeonato Paulista.",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Source: Match reports in Competitive matches, Soccerway",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Source: Match reports in Competitive matches",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Source: Match reports in Competitive matches, Soccerway = Number of bookings; = Number of sending offs after a second yellow card; = Number of sending offs by a direct red card.",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Source: Match reports in Competitive matches",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Source: Competitions",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Source: Globo Esporte",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Source: Soccerway",
"title": "Competitions"
}
] | The 2024 season will be Santos FC's 112th season in existence and the club's first season in the second division of Brazilian football, after suffering relegation in the previous season. As well as the Série B, the club competes in the Campeonato Paulista. On 9 December 2023, Marcelo Teixeira was elected the new president, returning to the role after 14 years. | 2023-12-08T02:41:13Z | 2023-12-31T20:22:08Z | [
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75,512,654 | Nazism in Taiwan | While there is no actual Neo-Nazi party in Taiwan nor any formal Nazi scene, the use of Nazi symbolism and imagery has been observed throughout the years often causing controversy. Those occasions involve a Nazi themed parade at a school , restaurants serving dishes honouring Nazis or displaying Nazi-related pictures and other decor, which led to public outcries.
In 1999 an advertisement for electric heaters made in Germany featured a smiling cartoon version of Adolf Hitler doing the Nazi salute. The slogan on the ad read “對寒流宣戰!” (duì hánliú xuānzhàn), which means “Declare war on the cold front!”.
A concentration camp-themed diner called “Jail” opened in Taipei, Taiwan. Besides a mural depicting death camp victims behind barbed wires, the decoration also featured various smaller photos of internees and other items such as shackles and mugshots, intended to give the visitors a sense of eating in a jail. The restrooms were named gas chambers. The restaurant's owner issued an apology stating that Taiwanese people were not as aware of the historical context, and therefore not as sensitive about it.
The Democratic Progressive Party has published a campaign advertisement “嗆聲新世代” qiāngshēng xīn shìdài(Choke the new generation), featuring an image of Adolf Hitler. They claim the characters chosen for this campaign dare people to speak their minds, hoping to achieve a higher involvement of young people in politics. Several days after the release of the commercial and extensive criticism from various sources, it was taken down. Before the posters were taken down, a disclaimer was added next to Hitler’s image "獨裁造成災難” which translates to “dictatorship causes disaster”.
The Kuomintang used a photo of Adolf Hitler in an election campaign advertisement in the newspaper to compare the then president Chen Shui-bian, to the German dictator. According to the commercial, President Chen shared some character traits with Hitler and was trying to oppress political opponents just like a dictator would.
National Socialism Association (NSA) was founded by university graduates. They were inspired by the Nazis’ view on immigration and their strong military. The NSA claims that they are neither racist, nor anti-semitic as well as denying honouring Hitler.
During the "Iron Armour Combat Camp" in 2011, a photo of three students wearing Nazi uniforms was posted on the official website of the Ministry of National Defence. This incident ultimately led to an official apology to the Israeli representatives in Taiwan.
In an anti-gay parade, a person dressed as a Nazi was waving a sign saying “Nazis were anti-gay, I am anti-gay”. The spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has expressed that Taiwan is a democratic country and one person's actions don’t represent the government's standpoint.
A public display of aircrafts and weapons was held at Ching Chuan Kang airport, during which some vendors were wearing swastika armbands without any authorizations from the officials.
An Italian restaurant in New Taipei City put Nazi Wansui (Roughly translated into “Long Live the Nazis”) Noodles and Pizza onto their menu. In an apology, the owner of the restaurant explained that they chose the name in order to emphasise the origin of the dishes main ingredient; German sausage. The restaurant apologised and changed the dishes’ name.
For the 新竹市光復高中 Xinzhu City Guangfu Highschool's anniversary, a class held a nazi parade. The students and their teacher were dressed in Nazi uniforms, waving Nazi flags. The German and Israeli representatives reacted with shock and horror. The students were in most parts not blamed, but the teacher and the government were.
A highschool in Xinzhu has accidentally installed the Nazi-appropriated swastika in their school pond instead of the intended Buddhist symbol. As a temporary fix, they have put plants over the swastika. The religious community has been trying to reappropriate the swastika, supposed to be a peace symbol, which has been corrupted by Hitler.
In another incident a hair salon had their shop sign designed as razor blades arranged in a swastika shape. The owner got reported several times but stated that he couldn’t afford to change it.
A man was seen waving a Nazi flag in front of a European school in Taipei. Israeli and the European Union institutions reacted with concern and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs made a statement telling the population to respect others’ feelings.
Nazi incidents in Taiwan are usually considered the consequences of a lack of knowledge and ignorance on the subject, according to researchers. On the Index of Ignorance, Taiwan is deemed the third most-ignorant country. On different social media sites, it has since been discussed whether or not Taiwanese students should be expected to have the same sensibility for the Holocaust and Hitler’s actions as German and Israeli students. Some users have expressed their lack of understanding for the harsh criticism of students from the 2016 Xinzhu School Parade. There seems to be no particular form of hate against the Jewish community, which led to those events. In response to those events and the backlash that ensued, the Taiwanese government is trying to educate the population. In 2018, a Holocaust memorial was held in Taipei in hopes to raise awareness.
After the high school parade incident, President Tsai Ing-wen delivered a speech that stated that “Adults, not students” were responsible. She also acknowledged that “it was the result of the nation’s “superficial” human rights education and failure to teach young people about state repression of rights in the past.”
In May 2023, the international news television network France 24 focused one of their “Truth or Fake” episodes on the pictures posted online of Taiwanese people using Nazi Symbolism. Both Germany’s and Israel’s envoys in Taiwan have spoken out after multiple events, calling the use of Nazi symbolism disrespectful against Jewish people, but also saying it displayed Taiwan’s ignorance of history. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "While there is no actual Neo-Nazi party in Taiwan nor any formal Nazi scene, the use of Nazi symbolism and imagery has been observed throughout the years often causing controversy. Those occasions involve a Nazi themed parade at a school , restaurants serving dishes honouring Nazis or displaying Nazi-related pictures and other decor, which led to public outcries.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 1999 an advertisement for electric heaters made in Germany featured a smiling cartoon version of Adolf Hitler doing the Nazi salute. The slogan on the ad read “對寒流宣戰!” (duì hánliú xuānzhàn), which means “Declare war on the cold front!”.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A concentration camp-themed diner called “Jail” opened in Taipei, Taiwan. Besides a mural depicting death camp victims behind barbed wires, the decoration also featured various smaller photos of internees and other items such as shackles and mugshots, intended to give the visitors a sense of eating in a jail. The restrooms were named gas chambers. The restaurant's owner issued an apology stating that Taiwanese people were not as aware of the historical context, and therefore not as sensitive about it.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Democratic Progressive Party has published a campaign advertisement “嗆聲新世代” qiāngshēng xīn shìdài(Choke the new generation), featuring an image of Adolf Hitler. They claim the characters chosen for this campaign dare people to speak their minds, hoping to achieve a higher involvement of young people in politics. Several days after the release of the commercial and extensive criticism from various sources, it was taken down. Before the posters were taken down, a disclaimer was added next to Hitler’s image \"獨裁造成災難” which translates to “dictatorship causes disaster”.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Kuomintang used a photo of Adolf Hitler in an election campaign advertisement in the newspaper to compare the then president Chen Shui-bian, to the German dictator. According to the commercial, President Chen shared some character traits with Hitler and was trying to oppress political opponents just like a dictator would.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "National Socialism Association (NSA) was founded by university graduates. They were inspired by the Nazis’ view on immigration and their strong military. The NSA claims that they are neither racist, nor anti-semitic as well as denying honouring Hitler.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "During the \"Iron Armour Combat Camp\" in 2011, a photo of three students wearing Nazi uniforms was posted on the official website of the Ministry of National Defence. This incident ultimately led to an official apology to the Israeli representatives in Taiwan.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In an anti-gay parade, a person dressed as a Nazi was waving a sign saying “Nazis were anti-gay, I am anti-gay”. The spokesperson of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has expressed that Taiwan is a democratic country and one person's actions don’t represent the government's standpoint.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "A public display of aircrafts and weapons was held at Ching Chuan Kang airport, during which some vendors were wearing swastika armbands without any authorizations from the officials.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "An Italian restaurant in New Taipei City put Nazi Wansui (Roughly translated into “Long Live the Nazis”) Noodles and Pizza onto their menu. In an apology, the owner of the restaurant explained that they chose the name in order to emphasise the origin of the dishes main ingredient; German sausage. The restaurant apologised and changed the dishes’ name.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "For the 新竹市光復高中 Xinzhu City Guangfu Highschool's anniversary, a class held a nazi parade. The students and their teacher were dressed in Nazi uniforms, waving Nazi flags. The German and Israeli representatives reacted with shock and horror. The students were in most parts not blamed, but the teacher and the government were.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "A highschool in Xinzhu has accidentally installed the Nazi-appropriated swastika in their school pond instead of the intended Buddhist symbol. As a temporary fix, they have put plants over the swastika. The religious community has been trying to reappropriate the swastika, supposed to be a peace symbol, which has been corrupted by Hitler.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In another incident a hair salon had their shop sign designed as razor blades arranged in a swastika shape. The owner got reported several times but stated that he couldn’t afford to change it.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "A man was seen waving a Nazi flag in front of a European school in Taipei. Israeli and the European Union institutions reacted with concern and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs made a statement telling the population to respect others’ feelings.",
"title": "Incidents with Nazi-symbolism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Nazi incidents in Taiwan are usually considered the consequences of a lack of knowledge and ignorance on the subject, according to researchers. On the Index of Ignorance, Taiwan is deemed the third most-ignorant country. On different social media sites, it has since been discussed whether or not Taiwanese students should be expected to have the same sensibility for the Holocaust and Hitler’s actions as German and Israeli students. Some users have expressed their lack of understanding for the harsh criticism of students from the 2016 Xinzhu School Parade. There seems to be no particular form of hate against the Jewish community, which led to those events. In response to those events and the backlash that ensued, the Taiwanese government is trying to educate the population. In 2018, a Holocaust memorial was held in Taipei in hopes to raise awareness.",
"title": "Reactions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "After the high school parade incident, President Tsai Ing-wen delivered a speech that stated that “Adults, not students” were responsible. She also acknowledged that “it was the result of the nation’s “superficial” human rights education and failure to teach young people about state repression of rights in the past.”",
"title": "Reactions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In May 2023, the international news television network France 24 focused one of their “Truth or Fake” episodes on the pictures posted online of Taiwanese people using Nazi Symbolism. Both Germany’s and Israel’s envoys in Taiwan have spoken out after multiple events, calling the use of Nazi symbolism disrespectful against Jewish people, but also saying it displayed Taiwan’s ignorance of history.",
"title": "Reactions"
}
] | While there is no actual Neo-Nazi party in Taiwan nor any formal Nazi scene, the use of Nazi symbolism and imagery has been observed throughout the years often causing controversy. Those occasions involve a Nazi themed parade at a school, restaurants serving dishes honouring Nazis or displaying Nazi-related pictures and other decor, which led to public outcries. | 2023-12-08T02:42:08Z | 2023-12-28T13:41:08Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:AfC topic",
"Template:AfC submission"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazism_in_Taiwan |
75,512,676 | Stanlow Island | Stanlow Island is a small island found on the Manchester Ship Canal outside the Stanlow Oil Refinery. The island was occupied until the 1990s when the locals left due to isolation and the hazards of living nearby the refinery. Notable structures are the remains of Stanlow Abbey founded in 1178 that still remain at Stanlow Point. Access to the island using a 24-hour request ferry that links the Essar refinery to Stanlow Island with special permission. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Stanlow Island is a small island found on the Manchester Ship Canal outside the Stanlow Oil Refinery. The island was occupied until the 1990s when the locals left due to isolation and the hazards of living nearby the refinery. Notable structures are the remains of Stanlow Abbey founded in 1178 that still remain at Stanlow Point. Access to the island using a 24-hour request ferry that links the Essar refinery to Stanlow Island with special permission.",
"title": ""
}
] | Stanlow Island is a small island found on the Manchester Ship Canal outside the Stanlow Oil Refinery. The island was occupied until the 1990s when the locals left due to isolation and the hazards of living nearby the refinery. Notable structures are the remains of Stanlow Abbey founded in 1178 that still remain at Stanlow Point. Access to the island using a 24-hour request ferry that links the Essar refinery to Stanlow Island with special permission. | 2023-12-08T02:43:23Z | 2023-12-14T21:15:43Z | [
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"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Commons category",
"Template:Cheshire-geo-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanlow_Island |
75,512,701 | Oliver H. Oates | Oliver H. Oates was a lawyer, judge, and state legislator in Arkansas. He served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1858-1859. From November 1860-November 1862 during the American Civil War, he served as Secretary of State of Arkansas.
He was born in South Carolina. In March 1839 he became a First Circuit Court judge. He was succeeded in 1860 by Earl C. Bronough. He represented Monroe County, Arkansas in the Arkansas House of Representatives.
He commanded a company during the American Civil War.
His officeholding was the subject of an Arkansas Supreme Court case. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Oliver H. Oates was a lawyer, judge, and state legislator in Arkansas. He served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1858-1859. From November 1860-November 1862 during the American Civil War, he served as Secretary of State of Arkansas.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He was born in South Carolina. In March 1839 he became a First Circuit Court judge. He was succeeded in 1860 by Earl C. Bronough. He represented Monroe County, Arkansas in the Arkansas House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He commanded a company during the American Civil War.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "His officeholding was the subject of an Arkansas Supreme Court case.",
"title": ""
}
] | Oliver H. Oates was a lawyer, judge, and state legislator in Arkansas. He served as Speaker of the Arkansas House of Representatives from 1858-1859. From November 1860-November 1862 during the American Civil War, he served as Secretary of State of Arkansas. He was born in South Carolina. In March 1839 he became a First Circuit Court judge. He was succeeded in 1860 by Earl C. Bronough. He represented Monroe County, Arkansas in the Arkansas House of Representatives. He commanded a company during the American Civil War. His officeholding was the subject of an Arkansas Supreme Court case. | 2023-12-08T02:44:41Z | 2023-12-10T17:03:49Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver_H._Oates |
75,512,732 | Gaviota niobrara | Gaviota niobrara is an extinct species of gull that lived during the Miocene.
The genus name Gaviota derives from the Spanish word for gull. The species name niobrara derives from the Ponca language, referring to the Niobrara River, along which the type specimen was found in Cherry County, Nebraska.
Gaviota niobrara is the only known member of the genus Gaviota. Gaviota is distinguished by the distal position and relatively short length of the ectepicondylar spur and the position of pronator brevis. These characteristics resemble those of Scolopacidae, suggesting a closer relation between gulls and sandpipers in the Miocene. The humerus size of Gaviota niobrara is similar to that of the glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gaviota niobrara is an extinct species of gull that lived during the Miocene.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The genus name Gaviota derives from the Spanish word for gull. The species name niobrara derives from the Ponca language, referring to the Niobrara River, along which the type specimen was found in Cherry County, Nebraska.",
"title": "Etymology"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Gaviota niobrara is the only known member of the genus Gaviota. Gaviota is distinguished by the distal position and relatively short length of the ectepicondylar spur and the position of pronator brevis. These characteristics resemble those of Scolopacidae, suggesting a closer relation between gulls and sandpipers in the Miocene. The humerus size of Gaviota niobrara is similar to that of the glaucous gull (Larus hyperboreus).",
"title": "Description"
}
] | Gaviota niobrara is an extinct species of gull that lived during the Miocene. | 2023-12-08T02:47:07Z | 2023-12-11T04:02:20Z | [
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Citation",
"Template:Taxonbar",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaviota_niobrara |
75,512,753 | Lost Records: Bloom & Rage | Bloom & Rage is an upcoming narrative adventure video game by Don't Nod Montreal. It will release in 2024.
In summer of 1995, four high school friends named Swann, Nora, Autumn, Kat, undertake a journey that leads to creation of a secret so massive, they decide to bury it and never speak to each other again. 27 years later, the secret gets uncovered, forcing them to speak again.
In 2020, Don't Nod created its Montreal studio and commenced production on its inaugural project, with a total of six projects in development, with multiple staff members from Life is Strange and Life is Strange 2. A teaser image was released in a 1990s setting of a person's bedroom; At the same time, they had multiple job openings. At 2023 Game Awards, the first trailer was released with an release target of late 2024.
Producer Luc Baghadoust revealed that will be more games in the Lost Records label, with Bloom & Rage being the first in the series. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Bloom & Rage is an upcoming narrative adventure video game by Don't Nod Montreal. It will release in 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In summer of 1995, four high school friends named Swann, Nora, Autumn, Kat, undertake a journey that leads to creation of a secret so massive, they decide to bury it and never speak to each other again. 27 years later, the secret gets uncovered, forcing them to speak again.",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2020, Don't Nod created its Montreal studio and commenced production on its inaugural project, with a total of six projects in development, with multiple staff members from Life is Strange and Life is Strange 2. A teaser image was released in a 1990s setting of a person's bedroom; At the same time, they had multiple job openings. At 2023 Game Awards, the first trailer was released with an release target of late 2024.",
"title": "Development"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Producer Luc Baghadoust revealed that will be more games in the Lost Records label, with Bloom & Rage being the first in the series.",
"title": "Future"
}
] | Bloom & Rage is an upcoming narrative adventure video game by Don't Nod Montreal. It will release in 2024. | 2023-12-08T02:48:14Z | 2023-12-14T13:44:07Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_Records:_Bloom_%26_Rage |
75,512,814 | Charles L. Carnes | Charles L. Carnes (December 14, 1926 – October 14, 2013) was an American judge and politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives.
Carnes was born in Murray County, Georgia. He attended the University of Georgia and Woodrow Wilson School of Law.
Carnes served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1966 to 1980.
Carnes was a chief judge of the Fulton County State Court during the 1990s.
Carnes died in October 2013, at the age of 86. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Charles L. Carnes (December 14, 1926 – October 14, 2013) was an American judge and politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Carnes was born in Murray County, Georgia. He attended the University of Georgia and Woodrow Wilson School of Law.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Carnes served in the Georgia House of Representatives from 1966 to 1980.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Carnes was a chief judge of the Fulton County State Court during the 1990s.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Carnes died in October 2013, at the age of 86.",
"title": "Life and career"
}
] | Charles L. Carnes was an American judge and politician. He served as a Democratic member of the Georgia House of Representatives. | 2023-12-08T02:51:21Z | 2023-12-09T14:30:18Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_L._Carnes |
75,512,833 | 2024 Copa América Group D | Group D of the 2024 Copa América is one of the four groups in the group stage of the tournament and consists of Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay and a CONCACAF play-in round winner (CONCACAF 6, either Costa Rica or Honduras). Matches of Group B wil take place from June 22 to 30, 2023 at six venues in six cities of the United States.
The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals.
In the quarter-finals:
All kick-off times are local times, as listed by CONMEBOL. | [
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"text": "Group D of the 2024 Copa América is one of the four groups in the group stage of the tournament and consists of Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay and a CONCACAF play-in round winner (CONCACAF 6, either Costa Rica or Honduras). Matches of Group B wil take place from June 22 to 30, 2023 at six venues in six cities of the United States.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals.",
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},
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"text": "In the quarter-finals:",
"title": "Standings"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "All kick-off times are local times, as listed by CONMEBOL.",
"title": "Matches"
}
] | Group D of the 2024 Copa América is one of the four groups in the group stage of the tournament and consists of Brazil, Colombia, Paraguay and a CONCACAF play-in round winner. Matches of Group B wil take place from June 22 to 30, 2023 at six venues in six cities of the United States. The top two teams will advance to the quarter-finals. | 2023-12-08T02:54:30Z | 2023-12-10T13:26:18Z | [
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75,512,836 | Wildfire (1944 film) | Wildfire (Hungarian: Futótüz) is a 1944 Hungarian historical drama film directed by Zoltán Farkas and starring Ilonka Szabó, László Szilassy and Vera Szemere. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest with sets designed by the art director János Pagonyi. It is inspired by the nineteenth century actress Déryné Róza Széppataki and is also known by the alternative title Déryné. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Wildfire (Hungarian: Futótüz) is a 1944 Hungarian historical drama film directed by Zoltán Farkas and starring Ilonka Szabó, László Szilassy and Vera Szemere. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest with sets designed by the art director János Pagonyi. It is inspired by the nineteenth century actress Déryné Róza Széppataki and is also known by the alternative title Déryné.",
"title": ""
}
] | Wildfire is a 1944 Hungarian historical drama film directed by Zoltán Farkas and starring Ilonka Szabó, László Szilassy and Vera Szemere. It was shot at the Hunnia Studios in Budapest with sets designed by the art director János Pagonyi. It is inspired by the nineteenth century actress Déryné Róza Széppataki and is also known by the alternative title Déryné. | 2023-12-08T02:54:52Z | 2023-12-20T00:23:22Z | [
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75,512,865 | Aspilanta ampelopsifoliella | Aspilanta ampelopsifoliella is a species of moth in the family Heliozelidae. It is found in eastern North America. The larvae are leaf miners that feed on Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and false Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus vitacea).
A. ampelopsifoliella can be found in Canada (Ontario) and across the eastern United States (Conneticut, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin).
Adult A. ampelopsifoliella have a wingspan of 5–5.3 mm (0.20–0.21 in), with each forewing measuring 2.4–2.6 mm (0.094–0.102 in) in length. Externally, adult A. ampelopsifoliella are visually indistinguishable from Aspilanta oinophylla - the two species can only be differentiated by examination of the genitalia.
The larvae are mostly colourless or whitish besides the green gut contents, with a black head and prothorax.
The leaf mine begins with a long linear section, usually taking a sinuous path, that widens out into an elongate blotch. The frass of the larvae is brown to black, placed in a broken linear path near the start of the mine but becoming irregularly dispersed as the larvae mature. When mature and ready to pupate, the larvae cut out a 3.5–4 mm (0.14–0.16 in) long case from their host leaf, leaving an elliptic hole. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Aspilanta ampelopsifoliella is a species of moth in the family Heliozelidae. It is found in eastern North America. The larvae are leaf miners that feed on Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus quinquefolia) and false Virginia creeper (Parthenocissus vitacea).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "A. ampelopsifoliella can be found in Canada (Ontario) and across the eastern United States (Conneticut, Kentucky, Massachusetts, New York, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, Vermont, Wisconsin).",
"title": "Distibution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Adult A. ampelopsifoliella have a wingspan of 5–5.3 mm (0.20–0.21 in), with each forewing measuring 2.4–2.6 mm (0.094–0.102 in) in length. Externally, adult A. ampelopsifoliella are visually indistinguishable from Aspilanta oinophylla - the two species can only be differentiated by examination of the genitalia.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The larvae are mostly colourless or whitish besides the green gut contents, with a black head and prothorax.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The leaf mine begins with a long linear section, usually taking a sinuous path, that widens out into an elongate blotch. The frass of the larvae is brown to black, placed in a broken linear path near the start of the mine but becoming irregularly dispersed as the larvae mature. When mature and ready to pupate, the larvae cut out a 3.5–4 mm (0.14–0.16 in) long case from their host leaf, leaving an elliptic hole.",
"title": "Description"
}
] | Aspilanta ampelopsifoliella is a species of moth in the family Heliozelidae. It is found in eastern North America. The larvae are leaf miners that feed on Virginia creeper and false Virginia creeper. | 2023-12-08T02:58:27Z | 2023-12-09T09:38:03Z | [
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75,512,872 | 2024 in Benin | Events in the year 2024 in Benin.
Source: | [
{
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"text": "Events in the year 2024 in Benin.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Holidays"
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] | Events in the year 2024 in Benin. | 2023-12-08T02:59:37Z | 2023-12-08T03:14:09Z | [
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75,512,877 | Bogalusa Railroad Station | Bogalusa Railroad Station is a historic train station in Bogalusa, Washington Parish, Louisiana. Built around 1907 , it is significant in the history of local industry, commerce, and transportation, particularly related to the lumber industry.
The station was central to the development of Bogalusa, especially in its role in transporting lumber to national markets. Architecturally, it features unique design elements like semi-octagonal ticket windows and pine brackets. The building showcases specific characteristics of early 20th-century industrial architecture, focusing on functionality. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, the Bogalusa Railroad Station symbolizes the city's early economic development and ties to the lumber industry. | [
{
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"text": "Bogalusa Railroad Station is a historic train station in Bogalusa, Washington Parish, Louisiana. Built around 1907 , it is significant in the history of local industry, commerce, and transportation, particularly related to the lumber industry.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The station was central to the development of Bogalusa, especially in its role in transporting lumber to national markets. Architecturally, it features unique design elements like semi-octagonal ticket windows and pine brackets. The building showcases specific characteristics of early 20th-century industrial architecture, focusing on functionality. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, the Bogalusa Railroad Station symbolizes the city's early economic development and ties to the lumber industry.",
"title": ""
}
] | Bogalusa Railroad Station is a historic train station in Bogalusa, Washington Parish, Louisiana. Built around 1907, it is significant in the history of local industry, commerce, and transportation, particularly related to the lumber industry. The station was central to the development of Bogalusa, especially in its role in transporting lumber to national markets. Architecturally, it features unique design elements like semi-octagonal ticket windows and pine brackets. The building showcases specific characteristics of early 20th-century industrial architecture, focusing on functionality. Listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980, the Bogalusa Railroad Station symbolizes the city's early economic development and ties to the lumber industry. | 2023-12-08T03:00:07Z | 2023-12-16T03:03:30Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bogalusa_Railroad_Station |
75,512,885 | 2024 Copa América final | The 2024 Copa América final is an upcoming soccer match to determine the winners of the 2024 Copa América. The match will be the 48th final of the Copa América, a quadrennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of CONMEBOL. The edition also features teams from CONCACAF and was hosted in the United States. The match is scheduled to be held at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, on July 14, 2024.
Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, near the city of Miami, will host the final. It was confirmed as the host on November 20, 2023. The United States had been announced as host in January 2023; the country had previously hosted the Copa América Centenario in 2016 with the final played at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, near New York City. Hard Rock Stadium is primarily the home of the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League and has a grass surface and 65,000 seats. It opened in 1987 and underwent major renovations from 2015 to 2017 that added a roof and other features. The stadium is also a 2026 FIFA World Cup host venue. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 Copa América final is an upcoming soccer match to determine the winners of the 2024 Copa América. The match will be the 48th final of the Copa América, a quadrennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of CONMEBOL. The edition also features teams from CONCACAF and was hosted in the United States. The match is scheduled to be held at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, on July 14, 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, near the city of Miami, will host the final. It was confirmed as the host on November 20, 2023. The United States had been announced as host in January 2023; the country had previously hosted the Copa América Centenario in 2016 with the final played at MetLife Stadium in East Rutherford, New Jersey, near New York City. Hard Rock Stadium is primarily the home of the Miami Dolphins of the National Football League and has a grass surface and 65,000 seats. It opened in 1987 and underwent major renovations from 2015 to 2017 that added a roof and other features. The stadium is also a 2026 FIFA World Cup host venue.",
"title": "Venue"
}
] | The 2024 Copa América final is an upcoming soccer match to determine the winners of the 2024 Copa América. The match will be the 48th final of the Copa América, a quadrennial tournament contested by the men's national teams of the member associations of CONMEBOL. The edition also features teams from CONCACAF and was hosted in the United States. The match is scheduled to be held at Hard Rock Stadium in Miami Gardens, Florida, on July 14, 2024. | 2023-12-08T03:01:29Z | 2023-12-30T18:43:10Z | [
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75,512,965 | Vesterøy Church | Vesterøy Church (Norwegian: Vesterøy kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sandefjord Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. It is located on the Vesterøya peninsula in the southern part of the city of Sandefjord. It is the church for the Vesterøy parish which is part of the Sandefjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Tunsberg. The red brick church was built in a rectangular design in 1967 using plans drawn up by the architect Elisabeth Breen Fidjestøl. The church seats about 250 people.
In the 1950s, the parish began planning for a new church to serve the southern part of the old Sandar Municipality (which merged with Sandefjord in 1968). A plot of land was purchased in 1954. The church was constructed during the 1960s and it was consecrated on 15 June 1967. The rectangular brick building was actually the first stage of construction which included a multi-purpose church hall and some smaller offices and classrooms. The second phase was to be a large sanctuary, but the second phase has not yet been built. The altarpiece is a wooden mosaic made by Ingrid Nordby Søyland and bears the title "The Cross in our world". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Vesterøy Church (Norwegian: Vesterøy kirke) is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sandefjord Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. It is located on the Vesterøya peninsula in the southern part of the city of Sandefjord. It is the church for the Vesterøy parish which is part of the Sandefjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Tunsberg. The red brick church was built in a rectangular design in 1967 using plans drawn up by the architect Elisabeth Breen Fidjestøl. The church seats about 250 people.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In the 1950s, the parish began planning for a new church to serve the southern part of the old Sandar Municipality (which merged with Sandefjord in 1968). A plot of land was purchased in 1954. The church was constructed during the 1960s and it was consecrated on 15 June 1967. The rectangular brick building was actually the first stage of construction which included a multi-purpose church hall and some smaller offices and classrooms. The second phase was to be a large sanctuary, but the second phase has not yet been built. The altarpiece is a wooden mosaic made by Ingrid Nordby Søyland and bears the title \"The Cross in our world\".",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
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] | Vesterøy Church is a parish church of the Church of Norway in Sandefjord Municipality in Vestfold county, Norway. It is located on the Vesterøya peninsula in the southern part of the city of Sandefjord. It is the church for the Vesterøy parish which is part of the Sandefjord prosti (deanery) in the Diocese of Tunsberg. The red brick church was built in a rectangular design in 1967 using plans drawn up by the architect Elisabeth Breen Fidjestøl. The church seats about 250 people. | 2023-12-08T03:08:29Z | 2023-12-08T03:08:29Z | [
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75,512,974 | Panevėžys Area Eldership | Panevėžys Area Eldership (Lithuanian: Panevėžio seniūnija) is a Lithuanian eldership, located in the northern part of Panevėžys District Municipality.
Following settlements are located in the Panevėžys Eldership (as for the 2011 census) | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Panevėžys Area Eldership (Lithuanian: Panevėžio seniūnija) is a Lithuanian eldership, located in the northern part of Panevėžys District Municipality.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Following settlements are located in the Panevėžys Eldership (as for the 2011 census)",
"title": "Populated places"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
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] | Panevėžys Area Eldership is a Lithuanian eldership, located in the northern part of Panevėžys District Municipality. | 2023-12-08T03:09:09Z | 2023-12-08T03:09:29Z | [
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75,512,996 | Robert H. Babington House | Robert H. Babington House is a historic house located in Franklinton, Washington Parish, Louisiana. Designed by P.H. Weathers and built in 1906, it is a notable example of the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles.
The house reflects the architectural development of the early 20th century in Louisiana. It is associated with the Babington family, known for their contributions to local commerce.
Combining Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles, the house is a significant example of early 20th-century architecture. It is particularly noted for its well-preserved original wallpaper, adding to its artistic value. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Robert H. Babington House is a historic house located in Franklinton, Washington Parish, Louisiana. Designed by P.H. Weathers and built in 1906, it is a notable example of the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The house reflects the architectural development of the early 20th century in Louisiana. It is associated with the Babington family, known for their contributions to local commerce.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Combining Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles, the house is a significant example of early 20th-century architecture. It is particularly noted for its well-preserved original wallpaper, adding to its artistic value.",
"title": "Architecture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "Architecture"
}
] | Robert H. Babington House is a historic house located in Franklinton, Washington Parish, Louisiana. Designed by P.H. Weathers and built in 1906, it is a notable example of the Queen Anne and Colonial Revival styles. | 2023-12-08T03:12:24Z | 2023-12-16T11:17:07Z | [
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75,513,001 | Murder of Ho Kien Leong | On 22 September 2005, 37-year-old businessman Ho Kien Leong, alias Jason Ho, was found dead inside his flat at Indus Road, Bukit Merah, and he was certified to be stabbed to death around nine days before his highly decomposed corpse was found. Ho's killer, Lim Ah Liang, was arrested in Johor, Malaysia, where he was hiding after he killed Ho by stabbing him 13 times during an argument, and Lim was extradited back to Singapore to be investigated for killing Ho. Originally charged with murder, Lim, who suffered from depression at the time of the murder, was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to life imprisonment on 17 January 2007. Lim later lost his appeal for a lower jail term and is currently in prison serving his life sentence since 2005.
On 22 September 2005, residents of a HDB block at Indus Road reported to the police about a very bad smell that came from one of the flats inside the block itself. The police arrived at the scene, and they managed to forcibly open the locked door of the flat. Upon their entry into the flat, a highly decomposed body of a man was found lying on the floor. Many neighbours were shocked to hear the discovery for they presumed there was a dead animal inside that led to the smell.
The deceased was identified as 37-year-old Ho Kien Leong, a former teacher who operated a massage business, and his death was classified as murder. Ho was the only child and son of his parents, who were devastated to hear the death of their son. Ho's father described him as a filial son who would provide them living expenses, and his mother said that Ho was thrifty in spending money. When Ho's corpse was found, he sustained head injuries and several stab wounds on his body, and the corpse was also infested with maggots, and his valuables were also missing from the house, including Ho's electronic safe, Ho's ATM cards and two identity cards belonging to Ho and a Lee Yean Shan. The police therefore deduced that the possible motive was robbery. Dr Lai Siang Hui, a forensic pathologist, certified that there were 13 stab wounds on Ho's body, and she stated that the cause of death was due to multiple stab wounds to Ho's thorax. There were no signs of forced entry into the flat, which gave credence to the police's theory that the killer was someone known to Ho. An eyewitness stated that he last saw a man with long hair stepping out of Ho's flat, and the person was often seen going in and out of the flat. There were also signs that a struggle also took place. Ho's flat was also cordoned for eight hours during their search for evidence.
Eventually, the police found that based on the phone records of Ho's mobile phone, only one number was dialed frequently, and it belonged to a 25-year-old Chinese national named Gu Chen Lin, and the stolen items from Ho's flat were discovered in Gu's possession. After his arrest for allegedly receiving stolen property, Gu told police that he was given the items by a friend named "Alex", who asked him to sell the identity cards for money, pry open the safe, and use the ATM cards and credit cards to withdraw cash and make purchases. "Alex", whose real name was Lim Ah Liang, was later found to have left Singapore on 16 September 2005 through the Woodlands Checkpoint.
Subsequently, after gaining intel from another friend of Lim that Lim was hiding in the Malaysian state of Johor, officers of the Singapore Police Force sought help from the Royal Malaysia Police, and on 23 September 2005, just 26 hours after the discovery of Ho's corpse, 27-year-old Lim Ah Liang was arrested at a hotel in Johor Bahru.
Lim was extradited back to Singapore on the same day of his arrest, and he was officially charged with murder. Should he be found guilty under Section 302 of the Penal Code, Lim Ah Liang would face the death penalty for murdering Ho Kien Leong. Lim, who was described to have golden long hair and slim-looking, reportedly was trying to avoid the reporters and kept his hair down. Some of Ho's neighbours reportedly told the press that they never seen Lim before, but one female neighbour said that she mistook Lim for a woman due to his long hair, and some also noted Lim often came to Ho's flat regularly. Ho's parents also said their son was living with the suspect, whom Ho said was his former classmate from a polytechnic.
Lim later returned to court in November 2005 for further preliminary hearings. Due to the recent arrests of suspected murderers who were very young and around their twenties, the public was concerned that more and more youngsters were arrested for serious crimes.
Born on 2 March 1978, Lim Ah Liang was the only child of his mother Lim Chuan Poh and an unnamed biological father. Lim was born an illegitimate child, and his biological parents never married, and he was fostered out at four months old before he turned seven and returned to live with both his mother and stepfather. Lim dropped out of primary school at age 11 due to relentless bullying due to him being branded an illegitimate child, and thus he helped his mother at her hawker stall. Lim was also a victim of child abuse by his foster family, and he was also being raped by an adult male during his childhood.
Prior to the murder of Ho Kien Leong, Lim had several run-ins with the law. In 1998, Lim was convicted of at least ten charges of theft and jailed until November 1999. Lim also served time in prison a second time from August 2001 until August 2003 for another spate of theft offences. During his time in National Service, Lim had gone AWOL for several times and also committed theft, and he was thus detained in the army detention barracks from August 2003 to September 2004.
After his completion of National Service, Lim often could not find stable work due to his criminal record and lack of education, and he had been prostituting himself and also provided massage services to sustain his living. He also began working under Ho Kien Leong, providing massage services to male customers and would also pay Ho a commission of S$14 out of the fee Lim received from each customer, which could range between S$50 and S$80; Lim was also homosexual and shared a relationship with Ho, who was also homosexual, although Ho's mother told the press that her son was not homosexual.
According to Lim, at around June 2005, he and Ho fell out with each other after Ho insisted on increasing his commission of S$14 to S$20, and Lim refused to do so as he needed money to supplement his meagre income. Three months later, on 13 September 2005, the date of Ho's murder, Lim went to Ho's flat to re-negotiate with Ho about the commission, but as they talked more and more, the conversation grew heated and Ho accused Lim for being unfaithful and was working for another agent, which Lim denied vehemently.
During the quarrel, based on Lim's account, Ho suddenly brandished a knife and threatened Lim, and demanded that Lim admit to his "infidelity". This led to a struggle for the knife, and Lim was able to gain possession of it and stabbed Ho on the chest. Ho tried to escape from the flat but Lim caught up to him at the door and stabbed him on the back a few times, before Ho rushed to the kitchen, where Lim got entangled with a struggle with Ho while assaulting him. Lim subsequently picked up a metal frame lying nearby and used it to bludgeon Ho on the head repeatedly, until Ho grew motionless. In total, Ho had sustained 13 stab wounds and also sustained head injuries.
After murdering Ho, Lim cleaned himself up and changed into a fresh set of clothes. He disposed of his bloodstained clothes and the knife in the rubbish chute, and also stole the two handphones, safe, wallet and a set of house keys from Ho's flat. Afterwards, he entrusted his friend Gu Chen Lin to help him sell the stolen items for money, and fled to Malaysia, before he was finally arrested.
On 17 January 2007, 28-year-old Lim Ah Liang stood trial at the High Court for the fatal stabbing of Ho Kien Leong back in 2005, and he was represented by Anand Nalachandran during the trial, which was presided by Justice V K Rajah. By then, Lim's murder charge was reduced to one of culpable homicide not amounting to murder, also known as manslaughter in Singaporean legal terms, on the grounds of diminished responsibility in September 2006. The crime of manslaughter was punishable by either a jail term of up to ten years, or life imprisonment, with the offender additionally liable to caning or a fine.
Dr Tommy Tan, a psychiatrist who assessed Lim, found that Lim was suffering from depression at the time of the murder, and it substantially impaired his state of mind at the time of the murder, and this qualified him for a defence of diminished responsibility and convinced the prosecution to reduce the murder charge. Furthermore, Dr Tan diagnosed Lim with dysthmia, a chronic form of depression and it led to a moderate depressive episode that caused Lim to react impulsively to Ho's threat at the time of the killing, and he also exhibited symptoms of loss of appetite, loss of weight, depressed mood, tearfulness and forgetfulness. Dr Tan also certified that due to Lim's abusive and violent childhood, his trauma of being raped in the past, and other emotional scars, it led to Lim suffering from depression and based on Dr Tan's opinion, Lim would have a relapse and had a high risk of re-offending, as attributed to weak familial support, lack of education and marketable skills, and his criminal history, and the severity of Lim's condition was so much so that he might need to depend on medication for life.
After Lim pleaded guilty to the manslaughter charge, the prosecution, led by Shahla Iqbal and Kenneth Chuah, argued that Lim should be jailed for life, the maximum punishment stipulated for manslaughter. They argued that Lim should be kept in a controlled environment for a long period of time to ensure that he adhered to his medication, citing Dr Tan's testimony that Lim might pose a danger to himself and others once he stopped his medication, and his psychiatric condition would undergo a relapse that might cause Lim to re-offend. They also cited that Lim did not have a secure and supportive social and family network, his inability to find a proper and legitimate job and possessed a high risk of re-offending, which were factors that should warrant a lengthy stay behind bars.
The defence argued in mitigation that Lim's sentence should be ten years as dysthmia did not normally led to people exhibiting violent behaviour, and Lim's actions of stabbing Ho to death was only out of impulse as induced by the abnormality of the mind, and they also cited that Lim was fully cooperative with the authorities during the investigations. The defence also argued that Lim concealed the evidence of his presence at the scene of the crime out of desperation and panic after finding out that Ho had died and he stole the safe not out of greed, but only out of fear that it contained records of the customers he serviced, and it might potentially identify him as a suspect, and his financial woes and need for money to flee the country was what drove Lim to ask his friends to sell the stolen items. Hence, they asked that Lim should not be given a life term as what the prosecution pushed for.
On the same date, Justice Rajah delivered his verdict on Lim's sentence. In his judgement, the judge stated that based on the psychiatric report, Lim's condition was extremely severe and required lifelong treatment, and there were chances that Lim would not adhere to his treatment while unsupervised, and he noted that Lim was not highly-educated and had no marketable skills, had weak familial or social support and also violated the law several times, and Lim also could not find stable employment and made a living by prostitution, and hence his chances of re-offending was fairly high. He also noted that the condition did not deprive Lim of the ability to differentiate between right and wrong. Also drawing attention to the deplorable conduct of Lim when he remorselessly stabbed Ho to death with utter violence and brutality, Justice Rajah aligned himself with the prosecution and stated that it was more beneficial for Lim to be kept behind bars for the longest period permissible under the law, in order to protect society and safeguard Lim's own safety. Even so, Justice Rajah expressed his sympathy for Lim due to the unhappy childhood and trauma of rape which Lim underwent. Therefore, 28-year-old Lim Ah Liang was sentenced to life in prison by Justice Rajah.
With pursuant to the landmark ruling of Abdul Nasir Amer Hamsah's appeal on 20 August 1997, an offender sentenced to life imprisonment must remain behind bars for the rest of his or her natural life. This deviated from the previous law where it decreed that a life term was equivalent to a fixed jail term of twenty years. The legal change was applicable to criminal cases that were committed after 20 August 1997. Since the killing of Ho Kien Leong occurred on 13 September 2005, eight years and one month after the legal reform, Lim was to be imprisoned for the remainder of his natural life under the present life imprisonment laws.
On 20 August 2007, seven months after Lim Ah Liang's sentencing, the Court of Appeal heard the appeal against Lim's sentence. Lim's lawyer Anand Nalachandran argued in court that Lim's sentence of life should be lowered to ten years' jail, as Lim's condition was improving with consistent treatment in prison, and he also highlighted that Lim's family and close friends would be able to take care of him upon his release, and hence it would be sufficient to order Lim to serve ten years behind bars since he could recover and rejoin society within that period.
However, in spite of the defence's above arguments, the two prison psychiatrists, who periodically assessed Lim in prison, testified that based on Lim's condition, it was premature for Lim to be released within ten years and an efficient post-release "treatment plan" cannot be drawn up to address Lim's condition should he be sentenced to ten years, and the prosecutor Christina Koh argued that a life sentence was more appropriate for Lim to protect both Lim and the society, and she pointed out that Lim's family was financially unable to take care of him and Lim could outlive both parents. Hearing both sides, the appellate court's three judges - Justice Kan Ting Chiu, Justice Andrew Phang and Justice Tay Yong Kwang - ruled in favour of the prosecution and dismissed the appeal. Lim's mother was reportedly saddened to hear the outcome.
Lim is currently at Changi Prison serving his life sentence since September 2005. Although Lim would be imprisoned for the remainder of his whole life, his sentence still carried the possibility of parole after a minimum period of 20 years, provided that he maintained good behaviour and was assessed suitable for release.
In May 2012, Lim's mother Lim Chuan Poh died at the age of 60, after she reportedly collapsed outside her home while on her way to see her son in prison. Lim, then 33 years old, was granted an hour of leave from his sentence and temporarily released from Changi Prison to attend his mother's funeral wake. Lim was said to have turned to Buddhism while in prison, and Lim's stepfather also stated he was planning to have his partner's corpse cremated and her ashes be scattered in the sea, as he could not afford to buy a niche since he was old and may not be able to continue visit her once he die, and his stepson was in prison and would not visit her niche. Lim's mother was said to have loved her son a lot, and she saved up to hire a good lawyer to represent her son in court, and Lim himself also provided diligently to his mother some living expenses despite his financial difficulties.
In April 2011, Singaporean crime show Crimewatch re-enacted the murder of Ho Kien Leong, and it depicted the investigations that led to the arrest and conviction of Lim Ah Liang. Aside from Lim's conviction, the episode also revealed that Lim's friend Gu Chen Lin, who was charged for receiving stolen property from Lim and for consuming a controlled drug, had received a jail term of 16 months for his role in the case.
In June 2022, local writer Foo Siang Luen wrote the second volume of his real-life crime book Justice Is Done, which was published by the Singapore Police Force (including a digital download-for-free e-book version) 17 years after Foo wrote the first volume. The book recorded some of the gruesome murder cases encountered and solved by police throughout the years between 2005 and 2016, and the 2005 case of Ho Kien Leong's death was recorded as one of these cases covered in the book. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "On 22 September 2005, 37-year-old businessman Ho Kien Leong, alias Jason Ho, was found dead inside his flat at Indus Road, Bukit Merah, and he was certified to be stabbed to death around nine days before his highly decomposed corpse was found. Ho's killer, Lim Ah Liang, was arrested in Johor, Malaysia, where he was hiding after he killed Ho by stabbing him 13 times during an argument, and Lim was extradited back to Singapore to be investigated for killing Ho. Originally charged with murder, Lim, who suffered from depression at the time of the murder, was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to life imprisonment on 17 January 2007. Lim later lost his appeal for a lower jail term and is currently in prison serving his life sentence since 2005.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On 22 September 2005, residents of a HDB block at Indus Road reported to the police about a very bad smell that came from one of the flats inside the block itself. The police arrived at the scene, and they managed to forcibly open the locked door of the flat. Upon their entry into the flat, a highly decomposed body of a man was found lying on the floor. Many neighbours were shocked to hear the discovery for they presumed there was a dead animal inside that led to the smell.",
"title": "Murder and investigations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The deceased was identified as 37-year-old Ho Kien Leong, a former teacher who operated a massage business, and his death was classified as murder. Ho was the only child and son of his parents, who were devastated to hear the death of their son. Ho's father described him as a filial son who would provide them living expenses, and his mother said that Ho was thrifty in spending money. When Ho's corpse was found, he sustained head injuries and several stab wounds on his body, and the corpse was also infested with maggots, and his valuables were also missing from the house, including Ho's electronic safe, Ho's ATM cards and two identity cards belonging to Ho and a Lee Yean Shan. The police therefore deduced that the possible motive was robbery. Dr Lai Siang Hui, a forensic pathologist, certified that there were 13 stab wounds on Ho's body, and she stated that the cause of death was due to multiple stab wounds to Ho's thorax. There were no signs of forced entry into the flat, which gave credence to the police's theory that the killer was someone known to Ho. An eyewitness stated that he last saw a man with long hair stepping out of Ho's flat, and the person was often seen going in and out of the flat. There were also signs that a struggle also took place. Ho's flat was also cordoned for eight hours during their search for evidence.",
"title": "Murder and investigations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Eventually, the police found that based on the phone records of Ho's mobile phone, only one number was dialed frequently, and it belonged to a 25-year-old Chinese national named Gu Chen Lin, and the stolen items from Ho's flat were discovered in Gu's possession. After his arrest for allegedly receiving stolen property, Gu told police that he was given the items by a friend named \"Alex\", who asked him to sell the identity cards for money, pry open the safe, and use the ATM cards and credit cards to withdraw cash and make purchases. \"Alex\", whose real name was Lim Ah Liang, was later found to have left Singapore on 16 September 2005 through the Woodlands Checkpoint.",
"title": "Murder and investigations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Subsequently, after gaining intel from another friend of Lim that Lim was hiding in the Malaysian state of Johor, officers of the Singapore Police Force sought help from the Royal Malaysia Police, and on 23 September 2005, just 26 hours after the discovery of Ho's corpse, 27-year-old Lim Ah Liang was arrested at a hotel in Johor Bahru.",
"title": "Murder and investigations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Lim was extradited back to Singapore on the same day of his arrest, and he was officially charged with murder. Should he be found guilty under Section 302 of the Penal Code, Lim Ah Liang would face the death penalty for murdering Ho Kien Leong. Lim, who was described to have golden long hair and slim-looking, reportedly was trying to avoid the reporters and kept his hair down. Some of Ho's neighbours reportedly told the press that they never seen Lim before, but one female neighbour said that she mistook Lim for a woman due to his long hair, and some also noted Lim often came to Ho's flat regularly. Ho's parents also said their son was living with the suspect, whom Ho said was his former classmate from a polytechnic.",
"title": "Murder and investigations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Lim later returned to court in November 2005 for further preliminary hearings. Due to the recent arrests of suspected murderers who were very young and around their twenties, the public was concerned that more and more youngsters were arrested for serious crimes.",
"title": "Murder and investigations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Born on 2 March 1978, Lim Ah Liang was the only child of his mother Lim Chuan Poh and an unnamed biological father. Lim was born an illegitimate child, and his biological parents never married, and he was fostered out at four months old before he turned seven and returned to live with both his mother and stepfather. Lim dropped out of primary school at age 11 due to relentless bullying due to him being branded an illegitimate child, and thus he helped his mother at her hawker stall. Lim was also a victim of child abuse by his foster family, and he was also being raped by an adult male during his childhood.",
"title": "Background of Lim Ah Liang"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Prior to the murder of Ho Kien Leong, Lim had several run-ins with the law. In 1998, Lim was convicted of at least ten charges of theft and jailed until November 1999. Lim also served time in prison a second time from August 2001 until August 2003 for another spate of theft offences. During his time in National Service, Lim had gone AWOL for several times and also committed theft, and he was thus detained in the army detention barracks from August 2003 to September 2004.",
"title": "Background of Lim Ah Liang"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "After his completion of National Service, Lim often could not find stable work due to his criminal record and lack of education, and he had been prostituting himself and also provided massage services to sustain his living. He also began working under Ho Kien Leong, providing massage services to male customers and would also pay Ho a commission of S$14 out of the fee Lim received from each customer, which could range between S$50 and S$80; Lim was also homosexual and shared a relationship with Ho, who was also homosexual, although Ho's mother told the press that her son was not homosexual.",
"title": "Background of Lim Ah Liang"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "According to Lim, at around June 2005, he and Ho fell out with each other after Ho insisted on increasing his commission of S$14 to S$20, and Lim refused to do so as he needed money to supplement his meagre income. Three months later, on 13 September 2005, the date of Ho's murder, Lim went to Ho's flat to re-negotiate with Ho about the commission, but as they talked more and more, the conversation grew heated and Ho accused Lim for being unfaithful and was working for another agent, which Lim denied vehemently.",
"title": "Background of Lim Ah Liang"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "During the quarrel, based on Lim's account, Ho suddenly brandished a knife and threatened Lim, and demanded that Lim admit to his \"infidelity\". This led to a struggle for the knife, and Lim was able to gain possession of it and stabbed Ho on the chest. Ho tried to escape from the flat but Lim caught up to him at the door and stabbed him on the back a few times, before Ho rushed to the kitchen, where Lim got entangled with a struggle with Ho while assaulting him. Lim subsequently picked up a metal frame lying nearby and used it to bludgeon Ho on the head repeatedly, until Ho grew motionless. In total, Ho had sustained 13 stab wounds and also sustained head injuries.",
"title": "Background of Lim Ah Liang"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "After murdering Ho, Lim cleaned himself up and changed into a fresh set of clothes. He disposed of his bloodstained clothes and the knife in the rubbish chute, and also stole the two handphones, safe, wallet and a set of house keys from Ho's flat. Afterwards, he entrusted his friend Gu Chen Lin to help him sell the stolen items for money, and fled to Malaysia, before he was finally arrested.",
"title": "Background of Lim Ah Liang"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "On 17 January 2007, 28-year-old Lim Ah Liang stood trial at the High Court for the fatal stabbing of Ho Kien Leong back in 2005, and he was represented by Anand Nalachandran during the trial, which was presided by Justice V K Rajah. By then, Lim's murder charge was reduced to one of culpable homicide not amounting to murder, also known as manslaughter in Singaporean legal terms, on the grounds of diminished responsibility in September 2006. The crime of manslaughter was punishable by either a jail term of up to ten years, or life imprisonment, with the offender additionally liable to caning or a fine.",
"title": "Trial and sentencing"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Dr Tommy Tan, a psychiatrist who assessed Lim, found that Lim was suffering from depression at the time of the murder, and it substantially impaired his state of mind at the time of the murder, and this qualified him for a defence of diminished responsibility and convinced the prosecution to reduce the murder charge. Furthermore, Dr Tan diagnosed Lim with dysthmia, a chronic form of depression and it led to a moderate depressive episode that caused Lim to react impulsively to Ho's threat at the time of the killing, and he also exhibited symptoms of loss of appetite, loss of weight, depressed mood, tearfulness and forgetfulness. Dr Tan also certified that due to Lim's abusive and violent childhood, his trauma of being raped in the past, and other emotional scars, it led to Lim suffering from depression and based on Dr Tan's opinion, Lim would have a relapse and had a high risk of re-offending, as attributed to weak familial support, lack of education and marketable skills, and his criminal history, and the severity of Lim's condition was so much so that he might need to depend on medication for life.",
"title": "Trial and sentencing"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "After Lim pleaded guilty to the manslaughter charge, the prosecution, led by Shahla Iqbal and Kenneth Chuah, argued that Lim should be jailed for life, the maximum punishment stipulated for manslaughter. They argued that Lim should be kept in a controlled environment for a long period of time to ensure that he adhered to his medication, citing Dr Tan's testimony that Lim might pose a danger to himself and others once he stopped his medication, and his psychiatric condition would undergo a relapse that might cause Lim to re-offend. They also cited that Lim did not have a secure and supportive social and family network, his inability to find a proper and legitimate job and possessed a high risk of re-offending, which were factors that should warrant a lengthy stay behind bars.",
"title": "Trial and sentencing"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "The defence argued in mitigation that Lim's sentence should be ten years as dysthmia did not normally led to people exhibiting violent behaviour, and Lim's actions of stabbing Ho to death was only out of impulse as induced by the abnormality of the mind, and they also cited that Lim was fully cooperative with the authorities during the investigations. The defence also argued that Lim concealed the evidence of his presence at the scene of the crime out of desperation and panic after finding out that Ho had died and he stole the safe not out of greed, but only out of fear that it contained records of the customers he serviced, and it might potentially identify him as a suspect, and his financial woes and need for money to flee the country was what drove Lim to ask his friends to sell the stolen items. Hence, they asked that Lim should not be given a life term as what the prosecution pushed for.",
"title": "Trial and sentencing"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "On the same date, Justice Rajah delivered his verdict on Lim's sentence. In his judgement, the judge stated that based on the psychiatric report, Lim's condition was extremely severe and required lifelong treatment, and there were chances that Lim would not adhere to his treatment while unsupervised, and he noted that Lim was not highly-educated and had no marketable skills, had weak familial or social support and also violated the law several times, and Lim also could not find stable employment and made a living by prostitution, and hence his chances of re-offending was fairly high. He also noted that the condition did not deprive Lim of the ability to differentiate between right and wrong. Also drawing attention to the deplorable conduct of Lim when he remorselessly stabbed Ho to death with utter violence and brutality, Justice Rajah aligned himself with the prosecution and stated that it was more beneficial for Lim to be kept behind bars for the longest period permissible under the law, in order to protect society and safeguard Lim's own safety. Even so, Justice Rajah expressed his sympathy for Lim due to the unhappy childhood and trauma of rape which Lim underwent. Therefore, 28-year-old Lim Ah Liang was sentenced to life in prison by Justice Rajah.",
"title": "Trial and sentencing"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "With pursuant to the landmark ruling of Abdul Nasir Amer Hamsah's appeal on 20 August 1997, an offender sentenced to life imprisonment must remain behind bars for the rest of his or her natural life. This deviated from the previous law where it decreed that a life term was equivalent to a fixed jail term of twenty years. The legal change was applicable to criminal cases that were committed after 20 August 1997. Since the killing of Ho Kien Leong occurred on 13 September 2005, eight years and one month after the legal reform, Lim was to be imprisoned for the remainder of his natural life under the present life imprisonment laws.",
"title": "Trial and sentencing"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "On 20 August 2007, seven months after Lim Ah Liang's sentencing, the Court of Appeal heard the appeal against Lim's sentence. Lim's lawyer Anand Nalachandran argued in court that Lim's sentence of life should be lowered to ten years' jail, as Lim's condition was improving with consistent treatment in prison, and he also highlighted that Lim's family and close friends would be able to take care of him upon his release, and hence it would be sufficient to order Lim to serve ten years behind bars since he could recover and rejoin society within that period.",
"title": "Lim's appeal"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "However, in spite of the defence's above arguments, the two prison psychiatrists, who periodically assessed Lim in prison, testified that based on Lim's condition, it was premature for Lim to be released within ten years and an efficient post-release \"treatment plan\" cannot be drawn up to address Lim's condition should he be sentenced to ten years, and the prosecutor Christina Koh argued that a life sentence was more appropriate for Lim to protect both Lim and the society, and she pointed out that Lim's family was financially unable to take care of him and Lim could outlive both parents. Hearing both sides, the appellate court's three judges - Justice Kan Ting Chiu, Justice Andrew Phang and Justice Tay Yong Kwang - ruled in favour of the prosecution and dismissed the appeal. Lim's mother was reportedly saddened to hear the outcome.",
"title": "Lim's appeal"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Lim is currently at Changi Prison serving his life sentence since September 2005. Although Lim would be imprisoned for the remainder of his whole life, his sentence still carried the possibility of parole after a minimum period of 20 years, provided that he maintained good behaviour and was assessed suitable for release.",
"title": "Lim's appeal"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "In May 2012, Lim's mother Lim Chuan Poh died at the age of 60, after she reportedly collapsed outside her home while on her way to see her son in prison. Lim, then 33 years old, was granted an hour of leave from his sentence and temporarily released from Changi Prison to attend his mother's funeral wake. Lim was said to have turned to Buddhism while in prison, and Lim's stepfather also stated he was planning to have his partner's corpse cremated and her ashes be scattered in the sea, as he could not afford to buy a niche since he was old and may not be able to continue visit her once he die, and his stepson was in prison and would not visit her niche. Lim's mother was said to have loved her son a lot, and she saved up to hire a good lawyer to represent her son in court, and Lim himself also provided diligently to his mother some living expenses despite his financial difficulties.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "In April 2011, Singaporean crime show Crimewatch re-enacted the murder of Ho Kien Leong, and it depicted the investigations that led to the arrest and conviction of Lim Ah Liang. Aside from Lim's conviction, the episode also revealed that Lim's friend Gu Chen Lin, who was charged for receiving stolen property from Lim and for consuming a controlled drug, had received a jail term of 16 months for his role in the case.",
"title": "Aftermath"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "In June 2022, local writer Foo Siang Luen wrote the second volume of his real-life crime book Justice Is Done, which was published by the Singapore Police Force (including a digital download-for-free e-book version) 17 years after Foo wrote the first volume. The book recorded some of the gruesome murder cases encountered and solved by police throughout the years between 2005 and 2016, and the 2005 case of Ho Kien Leong's death was recorded as one of these cases covered in the book.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | On 22 September 2005, 37-year-old businessman Ho Kien Leong, alias Jason Ho, was found dead inside his flat at Indus Road, Bukit Merah, and he was certified to be stabbed to death around nine days before his highly decomposed corpse was found. Ho's killer, Lim Ah Liang, was arrested in Johor, Malaysia, where he was hiding after he killed Ho by stabbing him 13 times during an argument, and Lim was extradited back to Singapore to be investigated for killing Ho. Originally charged with murder, Lim, who suffered from depression at the time of the murder, was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to life imprisonment on 17 January 2007. Lim later lost his appeal for a lower jail term and is currently in prison serving his life sentence since 2005. | 2023-12-08T03:13:12Z | 2023-12-08T09:37:40Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Infobox criminal",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Ho_Kien_Leong |
75,513,047 | Warren House (Franklinton, Louisiana) | Warren House is a historic house in Franklinton, Washington Parish, Louisiana. Built around 1909, it is a significant example of the Stick/Eastlake and Queen Anne architectural styles.
The house features a steeply pitched hip roof, cross gables, bay windows, and a wrap-around porch. The interior is detailed with pine, wainscoting, chair rail molding, and decorated mantels. The house has been in the same family since its construction, signifying its local importance and continuity. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Warren House is a historic house in Franklinton, Washington Parish, Louisiana. Built around 1909, it is a significant example of the Stick/Eastlake and Queen Anne architectural styles.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The house features a steeply pitched hip roof, cross gables, bay windows, and a wrap-around porch. The interior is detailed with pine, wainscoting, chair rail molding, and decorated mantels. The house has been in the same family since its construction, signifying its local importance and continuity.",
"title": ""
}
] | Warren House is a historic house in Franklinton, Washington Parish, Louisiana. Built around 1909, it is a significant example of the Stick/Eastlake and Queen Anne architectural styles. The house features a steeply pitched hip roof, cross gables, bay windows, and a wrap-around porch. The interior is detailed with pine, wainscoting, chair rail molding, and decorated mantels. The house has been in the same family since its construction, signifying its local importance and continuity. | 2023-12-08T03:19:50Z | 2023-12-16T01:40:59Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:National Register of Historic Places in Washington Parish",
"Template:Infobox NRHP"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_House_(Franklinton,_Louisiana) |
75,513,048 | David Hillhouse | David William Hillhouse (born 13 July 1955) is an Australian former rugby union international.
Born in Brisbane and educated at Anglican Church Grammar School, Hillhouse was a second-row forward, regarded as line-out specialist due to his exceptional jumping skills. He played for Brisbane's GPS club.
Hillhouse, a pilot by profession, was capped 16 times for the Wallabies, making his debut on the 1975–76 tour of Britain as a number eight, but otherwise spending his international career as a lock. His job kept him away from representative rugby from 1979 to 1982. An arrangement with his employer Ansett allowed him to play international rugby again 1983 and after featuring in seven Tests that year he announced his retirement. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "David William Hillhouse (born 13 July 1955) is an Australian former rugby union international.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in Brisbane and educated at Anglican Church Grammar School, Hillhouse was a second-row forward, regarded as line-out specialist due to his exceptional jumping skills. He played for Brisbane's GPS club.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Hillhouse, a pilot by profession, was capped 16 times for the Wallabies, making his debut on the 1975–76 tour of Britain as a number eight, but otherwise spending his international career as a lock. His job kept him away from representative rugby from 1979 to 1982. An arrangement with his employer Ansett allowed him to play international rugby again 1983 and after featuring in seven Tests that year he announced his retirement.",
"title": ""
}
] | David William Hillhouse is an Australian former rugby union international. Born in Brisbane and educated at Anglican Church Grammar School, Hillhouse was a second-row forward, regarded as line-out specialist due to his exceptional jumping skills. He played for Brisbane's GPS club. Hillhouse, a pilot by profession, was capped 16 times for the Wallabies, making his debut on the 1975–76 tour of Britain as a number eight, but otherwise spending his international career as a lock. His job kept him away from representative rugby from 1979 to 1982. An arrangement with his employer Ansett allowed him to play international rugby again 1983 and after featuring in seven Tests that year he announced his retirement. | 2023-12-08T03:20:17Z | 2023-12-08T05:32:28Z | [
"Template:Infobox rugby biography",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:ESPNscrum"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Hillhouse |
75,513,050 | 1935 Silver Jubilee game | The 1935 Silver Jubilee game was an international rugby league football game between France and a Rugby Football League selects team billed by the Press Association as England, Wales and Dominions. It was held by the RFL in honor of King George V's Silver Jubilee on 6 May 1935 at Headingley Rugby Stadium near Leeds, England.
The game was put together on relatively short notice, with the RFL inviting France on 10 April 1935. It was a benefit hosted in cooperation with the British Sports and Games Association in aid of King George's Jubilee Trust, which ended up receiving around £1,000 from the game's proceeds. Special commemorative medals were also made for the players.
France was quicky reported to have accepted the invitation. However, there was some back and forth with the RFL, as the final of the inaugural French Cup was scheduled for 5 May in Toulouse and the tricolores hoped to present their best possible squad. Ultimately, the RFL insisted that the game be held on the very day of the jubilee, and prepared a contingency plan, in the form of a Great Britain vs. Rest of the World setup. Bringing forward or delaying the French Cup final by a week was considered, but not enacted. Ultimately, declining such an honor was out of the question for the French, and it was agreed that their national team would travel without players from either French Cup finalists, Lyon-Villeurbanne and XIII Catalan.
The game was inserted into the schedule just days after another game between a French and an RFL selects teams (both substantially different from their jubilee incarnations), played on 28 April at Stade Buffalo near Paris. Early into that game, French star Max Rousié (Villeneuve), who was the face of the upstart nation to the British press, injured his knee. The French team's roster for the jubilee game was published after the game as intended, with Bats (Pau) mentioned as the likely replacement for Rousié at fly-half.
While the forward pack was considered set, France captain and manager Jean Galia found the selection process unusually difficult at other positions. To test the replacements for Rousié and French Cup finalists Robert Samatan (Lyon-Villeurbanne), François Noguères and Aimé Barde (XIII Catalan), a scrimmage was added at Stade Buffalo between France and a Paris selects team. Following that session, Rousié's would-be substitute at fly-half, Bats, was displaced by his Paris selects counterpart Minvielle. Rousié was brought back onto the roster, but on the threequarter line, with Cougnenc kept as an alternate in case he could not play. Another Paris player, Germineau, was added to the traveling party as an alternate scrum-half due to his strong play.
The team then rested in La Celle-Saint-Cloud, before leaving for London by plane on Saturday, the first time many of its members had used such a mean of transport. They were guests at Wembley Stadium for the Challenge Cup final, before traveling up to Leeds. Rousié decided to accompany the team and hold his decision until the last possible moment, ultimately opting against participating after training at Headingley.
The RFL announced its lineup on 1 May. Its team also did not feature any personnel from the Challenge Cup's two finalists, Castleford and Huddersfield, nor did it boast any member of either playoff finalist, Swinton and Warrington. It did travel with two alternates, Cyril Morrell and Harry Beverley, both of Hunslet. A contemporary article described the starting roster's makeup as: eight Englishmen, three Australians, one Welshman and one New Zealander.
France played in its usual jersey, while the EWD team played in all-white uniforms. France started the game poorly, with The Guardian positing that their disorganization stemmed from Rousié's absence. Carrère injured himself on a tackle after just 15 minutes, forcing Brané to assume his position, and the French team to play shorthanded for the rest of the period. By the half hour, the RFL was leading 14–0, thanks to two tries and a goal by Harris, and another try by Todd. It was Villafranca's energy that brought the French alive. Following an unsuccessful attack, he kickstarted another, this time punctuated by a Galia try, which was converted. Another effort by Villafranca just half a minute later led to a penalty, which Cougnenc kicked between the posts.
For unknown reasons, half time was whistled about three minutes early on a score of 14–7, which robbed the French side of some its momentum. However, they were also allowed to get Germineau in as a substitute for the injured Carrère. At the time, this was a sporting gesture rather than a rule provision, which the crowd applauded and the French press praised. Villafranca continued his strong work in the second stanza, running the ball twice over the course of a great passing sequence that ended with a Brané try. France Captain Galia then had to miss several minutes after being cut near the eye. Just as he was coming back onto the field, the Britons pierced the French defence for a try by Todd, which was converted. The action heated up, with both teams exchanging tries by Caussarieu, Todd and Rousse, the latter being converted for the French. With five minutes to go, Silcock intercepted a pass from Caussarieu and scored a corner try to seal the home team's victory.
The Guardian praised the French's offensive flair and thought that their unfamiliarity with the RFL players' habits was the deciding factor, as the home side had only given a passable effort, with the exception of standouts Gee, Dalton and Todd. Another prominent news outlet, The Daily Telegraph, broadly disagreed, finding the RFL representatives' performance dominant and "excellent in all respects". While commending their solid tackling and the creativity displayed by their threequarters, the paper felt that the visitors had been undone by their limited passing abilities.
Fullback: Jim Brough (Leeds) Threequarters: Fred Harris (Leeds), Jeff Moores (York), Gordon Innes (Wigan), Stanley Smith (Leeds) Halfbacks: George Todd (Hunslet) (fly-half), Hector Gee (Wigan) (scrum-half) Forwards: Patrick Dalton (Salford) (lock), Alec Troup (Barrow), Jack Dawson (Hull) (second row), Nat Silcock (Widnes) (c), John Hall (Batley), Harry Woods (Liverpool) (front row)
Fullback: Marius Guiral (Villeneuve) Threequarters: Marcel Villafranca (Bordeaux), Georges Caussarieu (Paris), Etienne Cougnenc (Villeneuve), A. Pouey (Paris) Halfbacks: ? Minvielle (Paris) (fly-half), Joseph Carrère (Roanne) then Pierre Germineau (Paris) (scrum-half) Forwards: Roger Claudel (Paris) (lock), Louis Brané (Paris), Jean Galia (Villeneuve) (c) (second line), André Rousse (Pau), Maurice Porra (Villeneuve), Jean Duhau (Roanne) (front row) | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1935 Silver Jubilee game was an international rugby league football game between France and a Rugby Football League selects team billed by the Press Association as England, Wales and Dominions. It was held by the RFL in honor of King George V's Silver Jubilee on 6 May 1935 at Headingley Rugby Stadium near Leeds, England.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The game was put together on relatively short notice, with the RFL inviting France on 10 April 1935. It was a benefit hosted in cooperation with the British Sports and Games Association in aid of King George's Jubilee Trust, which ended up receiving around £1,000 from the game's proceeds. Special commemorative medals were also made for the players.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "France was quicky reported to have accepted the invitation. However, there was some back and forth with the RFL, as the final of the inaugural French Cup was scheduled for 5 May in Toulouse and the tricolores hoped to present their best possible squad. Ultimately, the RFL insisted that the game be held on the very day of the jubilee, and prepared a contingency plan, in the form of a Great Britain vs. Rest of the World setup. Bringing forward or delaying the French Cup final by a week was considered, but not enacted. Ultimately, declining such an honor was out of the question for the French, and it was agreed that their national team would travel without players from either French Cup finalists, Lyon-Villeurbanne and XIII Catalan.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The game was inserted into the schedule just days after another game between a French and an RFL selects teams (both substantially different from their jubilee incarnations), played on 28 April at Stade Buffalo near Paris. Early into that game, French star Max Rousié (Villeneuve), who was the face of the upstart nation to the British press, injured his knee. The French team's roster for the jubilee game was published after the game as intended, with Bats (Pau) mentioned as the likely replacement for Rousié at fly-half.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "While the forward pack was considered set, France captain and manager Jean Galia found the selection process unusually difficult at other positions. To test the replacements for Rousié and French Cup finalists Robert Samatan (Lyon-Villeurbanne), François Noguères and Aimé Barde (XIII Catalan), a scrimmage was added at Stade Buffalo between France and a Paris selects team. Following that session, Rousié's would-be substitute at fly-half, Bats, was displaced by his Paris selects counterpart Minvielle. Rousié was brought back onto the roster, but on the threequarter line, with Cougnenc kept as an alternate in case he could not play. Another Paris player, Germineau, was added to the traveling party as an alternate scrum-half due to his strong play.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The team then rested in La Celle-Saint-Cloud, before leaving for London by plane on Saturday, the first time many of its members had used such a mean of transport. They were guests at Wembley Stadium for the Challenge Cup final, before traveling up to Leeds. Rousié decided to accompany the team and hold his decision until the last possible moment, ultimately opting against participating after training at Headingley.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The RFL announced its lineup on 1 May. Its team also did not feature any personnel from the Challenge Cup's two finalists, Castleford and Huddersfield, nor did it boast any member of either playoff finalist, Swinton and Warrington. It did travel with two alternates, Cyril Morrell and Harry Beverley, both of Hunslet. A contemporary article described the starting roster's makeup as: eight Englishmen, three Australians, one Welshman and one New Zealander.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "France played in its usual jersey, while the EWD team played in all-white uniforms. France started the game poorly, with The Guardian positing that their disorganization stemmed from Rousié's absence. Carrère injured himself on a tackle after just 15 minutes, forcing Brané to assume his position, and the French team to play shorthanded for the rest of the period. By the half hour, the RFL was leading 14–0, thanks to two tries and a goal by Harris, and another try by Todd. It was Villafranca's energy that brought the French alive. Following an unsuccessful attack, he kickstarted another, this time punctuated by a Galia try, which was converted. Another effort by Villafranca just half a minute later led to a penalty, which Cougnenc kicked between the posts.",
"title": "Game summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "For unknown reasons, half time was whistled about three minutes early on a score of 14–7, which robbed the French side of some its momentum. However, they were also allowed to get Germineau in as a substitute for the injured Carrère. At the time, this was a sporting gesture rather than a rule provision, which the crowd applauded and the French press praised. Villafranca continued his strong work in the second stanza, running the ball twice over the course of a great passing sequence that ended with a Brané try. France Captain Galia then had to miss several minutes after being cut near the eye. Just as he was coming back onto the field, the Britons pierced the French defence for a try by Todd, which was converted. The action heated up, with both teams exchanging tries by Caussarieu, Todd and Rousse, the latter being converted for the French. With five minutes to go, Silcock intercepted a pass from Caussarieu and scored a corner try to seal the home team's victory.",
"title": "Game summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The Guardian praised the French's offensive flair and thought that their unfamiliarity with the RFL players' habits was the deciding factor, as the home side had only given a passable effort, with the exception of standouts Gee, Dalton and Todd. Another prominent news outlet, The Daily Telegraph, broadly disagreed, finding the RFL representatives' performance dominant and \"excellent in all respects\". While commending their solid tackling and the creativity displayed by their threequarters, the paper felt that the visitors had been undone by their limited passing abilities.",
"title": "Game summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Fullback: Jim Brough (Leeds) Threequarters: Fred Harris (Leeds), Jeff Moores (York), Gordon Innes (Wigan), Stanley Smith (Leeds) Halfbacks: George Todd (Hunslet) (fly-half), Hector Gee (Wigan) (scrum-half) Forwards: Patrick Dalton (Salford) (lock), Alec Troup (Barrow), Jack Dawson (Hull) (second row), Nat Silcock (Widnes) (c), John Hall (Batley), Harry Woods (Liverpool) (front row)",
"title": "Match details"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Fullback: Marius Guiral (Villeneuve) Threequarters: Marcel Villafranca (Bordeaux), Georges Caussarieu (Paris), Etienne Cougnenc (Villeneuve), A. Pouey (Paris) Halfbacks: ? Minvielle (Paris) (fly-half), Joseph Carrère (Roanne) then Pierre Germineau (Paris) (scrum-half) Forwards: Roger Claudel (Paris) (lock), Louis Brané (Paris), Jean Galia (Villeneuve) (c) (second line), André Rousse (Pau), Maurice Porra (Villeneuve), Jean Duhau (Roanne) (front row)",
"title": "Match details"
}
] | The 1935 Silver Jubilee game was an international rugby league football game between France and a Rugby Football League selects team billed by the Press Association as England, Wales and Dominions. It was held by the RFL in honor of King George V's Silver Jubilee on 6 May 1935 at Headingley Rugby Stadium near Leeds, England. | 2023-12-08T03:20:26Z | 2023-12-30T13:50:34Z | [
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"Template:Infobox rugby league football match"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1935_Silver_Jubilee_game |
75,513,085 | Phil Ashler | Phil Ashler (October 15, 1914 – April 27, 2009) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 3rd district of the Florida House of Representatives.
Ashler was born in New York. He attended St. John's College and Harvard University.
In 1963, Ashler was elected to the Florida House of Representatives. In 1967, he was elected as the first representative for the newly-established 3rd district. He served until 1968, when he was succeeded by Tom Tobiassen.
Ashler served as treasurer of Florida from 1975 to 1976.
Ashler died in April 2009, at the age of 94. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Phil Ashler (October 15, 1914 – April 27, 2009) was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 3rd district of the Florida House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ashler was born in New York. He attended St. John's College and Harvard University.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1963, Ashler was elected to the Florida House of Representatives. In 1967, he was elected as the first representative for the newly-established 3rd district. He served until 1968, when he was succeeded by Tom Tobiassen.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Ashler served as treasurer of Florida from 1975 to 1976.",
"title": "Life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Ashler died in April 2009, at the age of 94.",
"title": "Life and career"
}
] | Phil Ashler was an American politician. He served as a Democratic member for the 3rd district of the Florida House of Representatives. | 2023-12-08T03:25:26Z | 2023-12-09T14:30:42Z | [
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"Template:Florida-politician-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
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"Template:Citation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil_Ashler |
75,513,095 | Edward Donnerstein | Edward I. Donnerstein (born 1945) is American professor of communication and psychology. His interests include mass media violence and mass media policy.
Donnerstein earned a B.S. in psychology at the University of Florida (1967), and a Ph.D. in psychology from Florida State University (1972).
He was with UC Santa Barbara during 1986–2002, appointed the Arthur N. Rupe Professor of Mass Communication in 2002. Before that he was professor of communication and women studies at the University of Wisconsin.
Dean of the University of Arizona College of Social and Behavioral Sciences (2002-2009) and member of the faculty since then.
He was member of many commissions, panels, and task forces related to violence, pornography, and mass media. He made many presentations and took part in various governmental hearings on the above issues.
Donnerstein's spouse is Deborah Levine-Donnerstein, Ph.D. in Administration, Education Leadership and Policy Analysis from University of Wisconsin-Madison (1988).
2008: Distinguished Scientific Contribution to Media Psychology award from the American Psychological Association citing "outstanding empirical and/or theoretical contributions to the field of media psychology." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Edward I. Donnerstein (born 1945) is American professor of communication and psychology. His interests include mass media violence and mass media policy.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Donnerstein earned a B.S. in psychology at the University of Florida (1967), and a Ph.D. in psychology from Florida State University (1972).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He was with UC Santa Barbara during 1986–2002, appointed the Arthur N. Rupe Professor of Mass Communication in 2002. Before that he was professor of communication and women studies at the University of Wisconsin.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Dean of the University of Arizona College of Social and Behavioral Sciences (2002-2009) and member of the faculty since then.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "He was member of many commissions, panels, and task forces related to violence, pornography, and mass media. He made many presentations and took part in various governmental hearings on the above issues.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Donnerstein's spouse is Deborah Levine-Donnerstein, Ph.D. in Administration, Education Leadership and Policy Analysis from University of Wisconsin-Madison (1988).",
"title": "Personal"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "2008: Distinguished Scientific Contribution to Media Psychology award from the American Psychological Association citing \"outstanding empirical and/or theoretical contributions to the field of media psychology.\"",
"title": "Recognition"
}
] | Edward I. Donnerstein is American professor of communication and psychology. His interests include mass media violence and mass media policy. Donnerstein earned a B.S. in psychology at the University of Florida (1967), and a Ph.D. in psychology from Florida State University (1972). He was with UC Santa Barbara during 1986–2002, appointed the Arthur N. Rupe Professor of Mass Communication in 2002. Before that he was professor of communication and women studies at the University of Wisconsin. Dean of the University of Arizona College of Social and Behavioral Sciences (2002-2009) and member of the faculty since then. He was member of many commissions, panels, and task forces related to violence, pornography, and mass media. He made many presentations and took part in various governmental hearings on the above issues. | 2023-12-08T03:27:17Z | 2023-12-31T08:58:45Z | [
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Donnerstein |
75,513,112 | Minnie Crabb | Minnie Crabb (1885–1974) was the inventor of the Crabb-Hulme Braille printing press, the first Australian braille printing press. Her work was instrumental in braille accessibility and production in Australia.
Crabb served as the librarian of the Braille Library in South Yarra (later the Vision Australia Foundation) for 37 years, concurrently holding the position of assistant-secretary for the Victorian Association of Braille Writers. She retired from these roles in March 1944. It was during this time that she invented what was believed to be the only braille printing press in the Southern Hemisphere.
Crabb began working at the Braille Library in South Yarra during its early stages after she left school. At that time, the Library was operating from private rooms in her aunt May Harrison's home. Books and equipment were limited. Along with Tilly Aston, Harrison was pivotal in the founding of the Braille Library in South Yarra when it was established in 1894 and was its first secretary. Prior to the Library's establishment, braille was unavailable in Victoria.
Initially serving as her aunt's assistant, Crabb gradually took on roles such as assistant librarian for the Braille Library and assistant secretary for the Victorian Association of Braille Writers. Following her aunt's passing in 1912, Crabb assumed the positions of chief librarian and secretary. Under her leadership, she assembled a team of over 100 volunteer transcribers, ensuring that braille literature could be readily borrowed by readers across Australia.
In 1934 Crabb, in partnership with Mr. H. Hulme of the Sentinel Engineering Works, invented a braille printing press (a form of Braille embosser) for the vision impaired. The machine expanded the possibilities for rapidly delivering information to Australian Braille readers when the cost of importing a printing machine was impractical due to high costs. The Library's catalogues, newsletters and monthly magazine (The Social Letter) could now be rapidly produced and duplicated instead of each catalogue and copy of the monthly Braille magazine being written separately. The only machine of its kind in the world, it was of steel and cast iron construction with two wheels on left hand side and two foot levers to operate a wheel on the right hand side. It was described in one newspaper as being "worked with foot pedals and a handle similar to a sewing machine, whilst the paper is guided by a folder and an arrangement of clips enables both sides of the paper to be printed". It also revolutionised the production of braille at the time by not only allowing for mass duplication when hand printing was the norm, but printing on both sides of a page. This significantly decreased the expenses related to storage and production.
The machine was publicly demonstrated in 1934 at the Housewives’ Exhibition in the Melbourne Town Hall as part of an exhibition of Australian inventions and labor-saving devices. The press remained in use until the 1970s. It is now on display at the Vision Australia head office in Kooyong, Victoria, after having been restored to full working order in 2001.
In February 1937 Hobart, Tasmania, the National Health and Medical Research Council held an Australian conference of representatives of Blind Institutions, the first of its kind in since 1920. At this conference Crabb advocated for the prevention of blindness in the home, school, and factories, as well as the rights for low vision people to have the same access to higher education opportunities as sighted people. She was particularly passionate about careers for low vision people in music, broadcasting, lecturing and industrial education.
By the time of Crabb's retirement in 1944 the library had grown to become the third-largest Braille library in the world and the only public free lending library for the blind in Victoria. It was estimated to have more than 16,000 books in the collection, with over 15,200 volumes actively circulating on loan throughout the Commonwealth in 1944 alone.
Crabb, Minnie H & Victorian Association of Braille Writers. 1924, Braille text book : a simple system of embossing books for the blind. Grade 2 / by Minnie H. Crabb. Victorian Association of Braille Writers, Melbourne
Crabb is recognised for her contributions on the Australian Braille Authority's Australian Braille Honour Roll. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Minnie Crabb (1885–1974) was the inventor of the Crabb-Hulme Braille printing press, the first Australian braille printing press. Her work was instrumental in braille accessibility and production in Australia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Crabb served as the librarian of the Braille Library in South Yarra (later the Vision Australia Foundation) for 37 years, concurrently holding the position of assistant-secretary for the Victorian Association of Braille Writers. She retired from these roles in March 1944. It was during this time that she invented what was believed to be the only braille printing press in the Southern Hemisphere.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Crabb began working at the Braille Library in South Yarra during its early stages after she left school. At that time, the Library was operating from private rooms in her aunt May Harrison's home. Books and equipment were limited. Along with Tilly Aston, Harrison was pivotal in the founding of the Braille Library in South Yarra when it was established in 1894 and was its first secretary. Prior to the Library's establishment, braille was unavailable in Victoria.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Initially serving as her aunt's assistant, Crabb gradually took on roles such as assistant librarian for the Braille Library and assistant secretary for the Victorian Association of Braille Writers. Following her aunt's passing in 1912, Crabb assumed the positions of chief librarian and secretary. Under her leadership, she assembled a team of over 100 volunteer transcribers, ensuring that braille literature could be readily borrowed by readers across Australia.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1934 Crabb, in partnership with Mr. H. Hulme of the Sentinel Engineering Works, invented a braille printing press (a form of Braille embosser) for the vision impaired. The machine expanded the possibilities for rapidly delivering information to Australian Braille readers when the cost of importing a printing machine was impractical due to high costs. The Library's catalogues, newsletters and monthly magazine (The Social Letter) could now be rapidly produced and duplicated instead of each catalogue and copy of the monthly Braille magazine being written separately. The only machine of its kind in the world, it was of steel and cast iron construction with two wheels on left hand side and two foot levers to operate a wheel on the right hand side. It was described in one newspaper as being \"worked with foot pedals and a handle similar to a sewing machine, whilst the paper is guided by a folder and an arrangement of clips enables both sides of the paper to be printed\". It also revolutionised the production of braille at the time by not only allowing for mass duplication when hand printing was the norm, but printing on both sides of a page. This significantly decreased the expenses related to storage and production.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The machine was publicly demonstrated in 1934 at the Housewives’ Exhibition in the Melbourne Town Hall as part of an exhibition of Australian inventions and labor-saving devices. The press remained in use until the 1970s. It is now on display at the Vision Australia head office in Kooyong, Victoria, after having been restored to full working order in 2001.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In February 1937 Hobart, Tasmania, the National Health and Medical Research Council held an Australian conference of representatives of Blind Institutions, the first of its kind in since 1920. At this conference Crabb advocated for the prevention of blindness in the home, school, and factories, as well as the rights for low vision people to have the same access to higher education opportunities as sighted people. She was particularly passionate about careers for low vision people in music, broadcasting, lecturing and industrial education.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "By the time of Crabb's retirement in 1944 the library had grown to become the third-largest Braille library in the world and the only public free lending library for the blind in Victoria. It was estimated to have more than 16,000 books in the collection, with over 15,200 volumes actively circulating on loan throughout the Commonwealth in 1944 alone.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Crabb, Minnie H & Victorian Association of Braille Writers. 1924, Braille text book : a simple system of embossing books for the blind. Grade 2 / by Minnie H. Crabb. Victorian Association of Braille Writers, Melbourne",
"title": "Published works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Crabb is recognised for her contributions on the Australian Braille Authority's Australian Braille Honour Roll.",
"title": "Recognition"
}
] | Minnie Crabb (1885–1974) was the inventor of the Crabb-Hulme Braille printing press, the first Australian braille printing press. Her work was instrumental in braille accessibility and production in Australia. Crabb served as the librarian of the Braille Library in South Yarra for 37 years, concurrently holding the position of assistant-secretary for the Victorian Association of Braille Writers. She retired from these roles in March 1944. It was during this time that she invented what was believed to be the only braille printing press in the Southern Hemisphere. | 2023-12-08T03:29:44Z | 2023-12-18T10:33:11Z | [
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"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use Australian English",
"Template:Use dmy dates"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnie_Crabb |
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