id
int64 12
1.07M
| title
stringlengths 1
124
| text
stringlengths 0
228k
| paragraphs
list | abstract
stringlengths 0
123k
| date_created
stringlengths 0
20
| date_modified
stringlengths 20
20
| templates
sequence | url
stringlengths 31
154
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
75,508,867 | Le Moulin de la Galette (Picasso) | Le Moulin de la Galette is an oil painting on canvas (88.2x115 cm) created in 1900 by Pablo Picasso, and currently owned by the Guggenheim Museum in New York.
In September 1900, 18-year-old Pablo Picasso arrived in Paris with his friend Carlos Casagemas for the Universal Exhibition. The subject of the work is a night scene in the famous Parisian nightclub Moulin de la Galette, crowded with people dancing, in the middle band, or resting at tables, in the lower left corner. Following Impressionist dictates, Picasso paints people not with meticulous precision, but as if they were large blobs of color in motion, under a pinwheel of artificial lights that appear to be floating. The tendency to deform images is evident in the arbitrary, bright and contrasting color as never before in the young Catalan artist's works. The brushwork is frayed and sinuous, with skillful light touches where the light beats, and with an already navigated mastery of the sense of movement, so that the fastest figures appear more blurred, just as in a photographic snapshot.
Four groups of characters stand out: the dancers in the center, in a whirling whirlwind; the couple with androgynous figure in profile to the right, pale and elongated like a mask; then the three men in top hats on a platform to the left, who seem to be scouring the crowd in search of a companion; and finally the trio of women at the white table, two of whom are kissing and look as if they have just stepped out of a Toulouse-Lautrec painting, while the third rests her elbow on her arm and with her face carefully defined. This last figure winks and smiles, coquettishly escaping direct gaze with the viewer: she is Germaine Gargallo, a model he met in the Paris studio of the Barcelona painter Isidre Nonell, for whose unrequited love Carlos Casagemas would commit suicide shortly after Picasso returned to Spain.
The painting is at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, which received it as a gift from the art dealer Justin K. Thannhauser.
In 2007 the heirs of Berlin banker Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy demanded the return of "Le Moulin de la Galette" from the Guggenheim. The family made at the same time a claim against the Museum of Modern Art in New York (MoMa) for Picasso's Boy Leading a Horse. In response, both museums filed suit against the heirs, in December of 2007 in the Southern District Court of New York,asking the court to confirm the museums' ownership of the artworks, in Guggenheim Foundation v. Schoeps.
The case was widely commented in the American and international press because, as the Jerusalem Post observed "It was a highly anticipated case in which interim court rulings were parsed like Talmud because the museums are prominent, the paintings are famous, the Mendelssohn name looms large and the legal issues were significant to Nazi victims, museums and art collectors." The itinerary of the painting, in Germany in 1933, sold in Switzerland in 1936, transported to the US and later donated to a New York museum, posed issues of choice of law as well The case is generally known as Schoeps v. Museum of Modern Art and the R. Guggenheim Foundation. Julius H. Schoeps was the spokesperson for the Mendelssohn heirs.
The court rejected the museum's filing and ruled that the case could proceed to trial. However, before the trial could begin, the Guggenheim agreed on a settlement, the details of which remained secret. The confidentiality of the agreement was criticized by the judge in the case, Judge Rakoff.
In 2023, in depth research into the canvas revealed hitherto unknown figures in the canvas.
[[Category:Paintings in the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] [[Category:Paintings by Pablo Picasso]] | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Le Moulin de la Galette is an oil painting on canvas (88.2x115 cm) created in 1900 by Pablo Picasso, and currently owned by the Guggenheim Museum in New York.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In September 1900, 18-year-old Pablo Picasso arrived in Paris with his friend Carlos Casagemas for the Universal Exhibition. The subject of the work is a night scene in the famous Parisian nightclub Moulin de la Galette, crowded with people dancing, in the middle band, or resting at tables, in the lower left corner. Following Impressionist dictates, Picasso paints people not with meticulous precision, but as if they were large blobs of color in motion, under a pinwheel of artificial lights that appear to be floating. The tendency to deform images is evident in the arbitrary, bright and contrasting color as never before in the young Catalan artist's works. The brushwork is frayed and sinuous, with skillful light touches where the light beats, and with an already navigated mastery of the sense of movement, so that the fastest figures appear more blurred, just as in a photographic snapshot.",
"title": "History and description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Four groups of characters stand out: the dancers in the center, in a whirling whirlwind; the couple with androgynous figure in profile to the right, pale and elongated like a mask; then the three men in top hats on a platform to the left, who seem to be scouring the crowd in search of a companion; and finally the trio of women at the white table, two of whom are kissing and look as if they have just stepped out of a Toulouse-Lautrec painting, while the third rests her elbow on her arm and with her face carefully defined. This last figure winks and smiles, coquettishly escaping direct gaze with the viewer: she is Germaine Gargallo, a model he met in the Paris studio of the Barcelona painter Isidre Nonell, for whose unrequited love Carlos Casagemas would commit suicide shortly after Picasso returned to Spain.",
"title": "History and description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The painting is at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York, which received it as a gift from the art dealer Justin K. Thannhauser.",
"title": "History and description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2007 the heirs of Berlin banker Paul von Mendelssohn-Bartholdy demanded the return of \"Le Moulin de la Galette\" from the Guggenheim. The family made at the same time a claim against the Museum of Modern Art in New York (MoMa) for Picasso's Boy Leading a Horse. In response, both museums filed suit against the heirs, in December of 2007 in the Southern District Court of New York,asking the court to confirm the museums' ownership of the artworks, in Guggenheim Foundation v. Schoeps.",
"title": "Nazi-era restitution claim"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The case was widely commented in the American and international press because, as the Jerusalem Post observed \"It was a highly anticipated case in which interim court rulings were parsed like Talmud because the museums are prominent, the paintings are famous, the Mendelssohn name looms large and the legal issues were significant to Nazi victims, museums and art collectors.\" The itinerary of the painting, in Germany in 1933, sold in Switzerland in 1936, transported to the US and later donated to a New York museum, posed issues of choice of law as well The case is generally known as Schoeps v. Museum of Modern Art and the R. Guggenheim Foundation. Julius H. Schoeps was the spokesperson for the Mendelssohn heirs.",
"title": "Nazi-era restitution claim"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The court rejected the museum's filing and ruled that the case could proceed to trial. However, before the trial could begin, the Guggenheim agreed on a settlement, the details of which remained secret. The confidentiality of the agreement was criticized by the judge in the case, Judge Rakoff.",
"title": "Nazi-era restitution claim"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 2023, in depth research into the canvas revealed hitherto unknown figures in the canvas.",
"title": "Curatorial discoveries"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "[[Category:Paintings in the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum]] [[Category:Paintings by Pablo Picasso]]",
"title": "References"
}
] | Le Moulin de la Galette is an oil painting on canvas created in 1900 by Pablo Picasso, and currently owned by the Guggenheim Museum in New York. | 2023-12-07T17:27:05Z | 2023-12-10T10:38:17Z | [
"Template:Infobox artwork",
"Template:Portal",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Moulin_de_la_Galette_(Picasso) |
75,508,875 | Gringer Musolira Banda | Gringer Musolira Banda is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Irrigation in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gringer Musolira Banda is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Irrigation in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009.",
"title": ""
}
] | Gringer Musolira Banda is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Irrigation in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | 2023-12-07T17:28:06Z | 2023-12-08T21:41:54Z | [
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:Authority control"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gringer_Musolira_Banda |
75,508,878 | Nelly Carrillo Tarazona de Espinoza | Maria Nelly Carrillo Tarazona de Espinoza (1927 – 2017) was a Peruvian herpetologist known as Nelly Carrillo Espinoza.
Nelly was born 2 November 1927 in Chiquián, Peru, to Manuel Carillo and Daria Tarazona. On 22 September 1959, in San Isidro, she married the engineer Rubén Espinoza Chávez, with whom she had two children, Rubén Dario Espinoza Carillo (born 1961) and Nelly Rosario Espinoza Carrillo (born 1962).
Nelly Carrillo Espinoza studied at the Faculty of Biology at the National University of San Marcos (UNMSM) in Lima, where she took care of the department's important scientific collection. In 1973 she received her doctorate from UNMSM with her dissertation titled A new species of the genus Sibynomorphus (Serpentes: Colubridae).
After moving to work at the Natural History Museum, her supervisor was Jehan Albert Vellard, the French scientist who contributed to the development and expansion of herpetological studies at the Museum's Herpetology Laboratory of the National University. Carrillo Espinoza succeeded him in that role and continued his line of research. She remained Head of the Department of Herpetology for more than 25 years.
Carrillo Espinoza was considered generous and enjoyed sharing her knowledge with other scientists. Her handling of snakes and other reptiles was considered remarkable. During her time at the museum, it was unusual for a woman would work in this field, especially in a leading position, but despite the odds, she attracted attention in scientific circles and earned an excellent reputation. With co-authors Javier Icochea Monteza, Víctor Raúl Morales and Hernán Ortega, she published important descriptions and inventories of native species, which became the foundation for other experts and their research.
She died on 12 August 2017 in Lima, Peru.
Several species were named in her honor.
Carrillo Espinoza worked alone or together with Edgar Lehr and Peter Joseph Hocking to describe new species. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Maria Nelly Carrillo Tarazona de Espinoza (1927 – 2017) was a Peruvian herpetologist known as Nelly Carrillo Espinoza.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Nelly was born 2 November 1927 in Chiquián, Peru, to Manuel Carillo and Daria Tarazona. On 22 September 1959, in San Isidro, she married the engineer Rubén Espinoza Chávez, with whom she had two children, Rubén Dario Espinoza Carillo (born 1961) and Nelly Rosario Espinoza Carrillo (born 1962).",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Nelly Carrillo Espinoza studied at the Faculty of Biology at the National University of San Marcos (UNMSM) in Lima, where she took care of the department's important scientific collection. In 1973 she received her doctorate from UNMSM with her dissertation titled A new species of the genus Sibynomorphus (Serpentes: Colubridae).",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "After moving to work at the Natural History Museum, her supervisor was Jehan Albert Vellard, the French scientist who contributed to the development and expansion of herpetological studies at the Museum's Herpetology Laboratory of the National University. Carrillo Espinoza succeeded him in that role and continued his line of research. She remained Head of the Department of Herpetology for more than 25 years.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Carrillo Espinoza was considered generous and enjoyed sharing her knowledge with other scientists. Her handling of snakes and other reptiles was considered remarkable. During her time at the museum, it was unusual for a woman would work in this field, especially in a leading position, but despite the odds, she attracted attention in scientific circles and earned an excellent reputation. With co-authors Javier Icochea Monteza, Víctor Raúl Morales and Hernán Ortega, she published important descriptions and inventories of native species, which became the foundation for other experts and their research.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "She died on 12 August 2017 in Lima, Peru.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Several species were named in her honor.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Carrillo Espinoza worked alone or together with Edgar Lehr and Peter Joseph Hocking to describe new species.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Maria Nelly Carrillo Tarazona de Espinoza was a Peruvian herpetologist known as Nelly Carrillo Espinoza. | 2023-12-07T17:28:17Z | 2023-12-27T06:53:12Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Authority control"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelly_Carrillo_Tarazona_de_Espinoza |
75,508,886 | Steven Stanford Kamwendo | Steven Stanford Kamwendo is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Steven Stanford Kamwendo is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009.",
"title": ""
}
] | Steven Stanford Kamwendo is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Industry and Trade in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | 2023-12-07T17:29:34Z | 2023-12-08T21:42:02Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub",
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:Authority control"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Stanford_Kamwendo |
75,508,889 | Nankyargyi | Nan Kyargyi (Arakanese:နန်းကျားကြီ, was the 6th monarch of Laungyet Dynasty of Arakan. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nan Kyargyi (Arakanese:နန်းကျားကြီ, was the 6th monarch of Laungyet Dynasty of Arakan.",
"title": ""
}
] | Nan Kyargyi (Arakanese:နန်းကျားကြီ, was the 6th monarch of Laungyet Dynasty of Arakan. | 2023-12-07T17:30:36Z | 2023-12-10T16:27:26Z | [
"Template:Infobox royalty",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:S-end"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nankyargyi |
75,508,891 | Tarsiziu Tony Gowelo | Tarsiziu Tony Gowelo is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Lands and Housing and Urban development in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tarsiziu Tony Gowelo is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Lands and Housing and Urban development in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009.",
"title": ""
}
] | Tarsiziu Tony Gowelo is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Lands and Housing and Urban development in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | 2023-12-07T17:30:47Z | 2023-12-08T21:42:15Z | [
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsiziu_Tony_Gowelo |
75,508,892 | Mama Diabaté | Mama Diabaté (1959 – 5 December 2023) was a Guinean singer and multi-instrument musician.
Born in 1959 in Banian, Diabaté was a cousin of Sékou Diabaté [fr]. She began her career in 1970 and played music with six traditional instruments: the bolon, the kora, the dunun, the dan, the balafon, the djembe, and the guitar. She held numerous concerts in Africa, Europe, and the United States and recorded several albums. In 2002, she recorded an album titled Donkili Diarabi with her sisters Sona Diabaté [fr] and Sayon Diabaté. After living in Sierra Leone for several years, she returned to Guinea in 2021 to release an album.
Mama Diabaté died in Conakry on 5 December 2023 at the age of 63.
Diabaté released three albums between 1993 and 1995. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mama Diabaté (1959 – 5 December 2023) was a Guinean singer and multi-instrument musician.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born in 1959 in Banian, Diabaté was a cousin of Sékou Diabaté [fr]. She began her career in 1970 and played music with six traditional instruments: the bolon, the kora, the dunun, the dan, the balafon, the djembe, and the guitar. She held numerous concerts in Africa, Europe, and the United States and recorded several albums. In 2002, she recorded an album titled Donkili Diarabi with her sisters Sona Diabaté [fr] and Sayon Diabaté. After living in Sierra Leone for several years, she returned to Guinea in 2021 to release an album.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Mama Diabaté died in Conakry on 5 December 2023 at the age of 63.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Diabaté released three albums between 1993 and 1995.",
"title": "Discography"
}
] | Mama Diabaté was a Guinean singer and multi-instrument musician. | 2023-12-07T17:30:50Z | 2023-12-08T12:43:57Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Ill",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mama_Diabat%C3%A9 |
75,508,898 | Galerías | Galerías is a Mexican chain of shopping centers that is part of the El Puerto de Liverpool group, a Mexican company that consists of commercial, financial, and real estate operations. The group has three divisions:
El Puerto de Liverpool is listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV) under the ticker symbol LIVEPOL. The company also holds a 50% stake in Unicomer, a company that has retail chains in 26 Latin American countries. The Group's headquarters are in Santa Fe, a suburb and a main business center in Mexico City.
All of the Galerías shopping malls are branded Galerías, except for Perisur, in deference to its historic status as the first large American-style mall in Mexico.
Fuente:Reporte Anual de El Puerto de Liverpool, 2022 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Galerías is a Mexican chain of shopping centers that is part of the El Puerto de Liverpool group, a Mexican company that consists of commercial, financial, and real estate operations. The group has three divisions:",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "El Puerto de Liverpool is listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV) under the ticker symbol LIVEPOL. The company also holds a 50% stake in Unicomer, a company that has retail chains in 26 Latin American countries. The Group's headquarters are in Santa Fe, a suburb and a main business center in Mexico City.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "All of the Galerías shopping malls are branded Galerías, except for Perisur, in deference to its historic status as the first large American-style mall in Mexico.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Fuente:Reporte Anual de El Puerto de Liverpool, 2022",
"title": "Centros comerciales"
}
] | Galerías is a Mexican chain of shopping centers that is part of the El Puerto de Liverpool group, a Mexican company that consists of commercial, financial, and real estate operations. The group has three divisions: The commercial area operates two chains of department stores: Liverpool and Suburbia, as well as freestanding retail stores of multiple fashion brands, and the Arco Norte logistics center, under construction.
The financial group offers insurance as well as credit to customers of the two department store chains.
The real estate group operates the Galerías malls. El Puerto de Liverpool is listed on the Mexican Stock Exchange (BMV) under the ticker symbol LIVEPOL. The company also holds a 50% stake in Unicomer, a company that has retail chains in 26 Latin American countries. The Group's headquarters are in Santa Fe, a suburb and a main business center in Mexico City. All of the Galerías shopping malls are branded Galerías, except for Perisur, in deference to its historic status as the first large American-style mall in Mexico. | 2023-12-07T17:31:28Z | 2023-12-22T12:20:38Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galer%C3%ADas |
75,508,903 | Shadreck Jonasi | Shadreck Jonasi is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Tourism and Wildlife in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Shadreck Jonasi is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Tourism and Wildlife in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009.",
"title": ""
}
] | Shadreck Jonasi is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Tourism and Wildlife in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | 2023-12-07T17:32:11Z | 2023-12-08T21:42:22Z | [
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Authority control"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadreck_Jonasi |
75,508,907 | Pramod Kumar Srivastava | Pramod Kumar Srivastava (born 16 August 1955) is an American immunologist and physician serving as the Eversource Energy chairman in experimental oncology at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. He is known for his work on cancer vaccines.
He is the scientific founder of Antigenics (AGEN), the New York-based biotech company.
Srivastava completed his Ph.D. at the Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India, and his MD from the University of Connecticut School of Medicine.
Srivastava was appointed Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, in 1989. He moved to Fordham University as an associate professor of biology in 1993 and became a full Professor in 1995. During this time, Srivastava co-founded a biotechnology company, Antigenics, in 1994.
In 1997, he was appointed physician health services professor of medicine at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. He became the founding director of the Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases.He was also the founding chairman of the Department of Immunology. Since 2011, he has been the director of the Carole and Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine.
Srivastava made contributions to neuroimmunology. His laboratory first identified the temperature receptors (TRPV receptors) on dendritic cells and reported the consequences of the engagement of these receptors on immune tolerance in the gut. In addition, Srivastava investigated neuroimmunology interactions and showed how the sympathetic nervous system is critical for the normal development of neutrophils and that dysregulation of this pathway leads to the generation of the immune suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which promotes the proliferation of regulatory T cells.
Srivastava has more than 200 peer-reviewed publications and more than 200 awarded patents in the field of cancer immunology including:
Reversion analysis reveals the in vivo immunogenicity of a poorly MHC I-binding cancer neoepitope. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26646-5
An unbiased approach to defining bona fide cancer neoepitopes that elicit immune-mediated cancer rejection. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci142823
Sympathetic nervous tone limits the development of myeloid-derived suppressor cells Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aay9368
Cross-dressing of CD8α+ Dendritic Cells with Antigens from Live Mouse Tumor Cells Is a Major Mechanism of Cross-priming Doi: https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0248
New epitopes in ovalbumin provide insights into cancer neoepitopes Doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.127882
Mass spectrometry driven exploration reveals nuances of neoepitope-driven tumor rejection Doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.129152
Endocannabinoid system acts as a regulator of immune homeostasis in the gut Doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612177114
Tumor Control Index as a new tool to assess tumor growth in experimental animals Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2017.03.013
Oral ingestion of Capsaicin, the pungent component of chili pepper, enhances a discreet population of macrophages and confers protection from autoimmune diabetes.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2011.50
Duan F, Duitama J, Al Seesi S, Ayres CM, Corcelli SA, Pawashe AP, Blanchard T, McMahon D, Sidney J, Sette A, Mandoiu II, Srivastava PK. Genomic and bioinformatic profiling of mutational neoepitopes reveals new rules to predict anticancer immunogenicity. J Exp Med. (2014) 211:2231-48. PMID: 25245761
Binder RJ, Srivastava PK. Peptides chaperoned by heat shock proteins are a necessary and sufficient source of antigen in cross-priming CD8+ T cells. Nature Immunology (2005) 6(6):593-9. PMID: 15864309 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1201
Basu S, Binder RJ, Srivastava PK. CD91 is a common receptor for heat shock proteins gp96, hsp90, hsp70, and calreticulin, Immunity (2001) 14, 303-313, PMID: 11290339 Doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00111-x
Basu S, Binder RJ, Suto R, Anderson KM, Srivastava PK. Necrotic but not apoptotic cell death releases heat shock proteins, which deliver maturation signal to dendritic cells and activate the NFB pathway. International Immunology (2000) 12 (11), 1539-1546. PMID: 11058573 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/12.11.1539
Binder RJ, Han DK, Srivastava PK. CD91 is a receptor for heat shock protein gp96. Nature Immunology (2000) 1 (2), 151-155. PMID: 11248808 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/77835
Tamura Y, Peng P, Liu K, Daou M, Srivastava PK. Immunotherapy of metastatic lung cancer by heat shock protein preparations. Science (1997) 278(5335):117-120,1997. PMID: 9311915 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5335.117
Suto R, Srivastava PK. A mechanism for the specific immunogenicity of heat shock protein - chaperoned peptides. Science (1995) 269, 1585-1588. PMID: 7545313 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7545313 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Pramod Kumar Srivastava (born 16 August 1955) is an American immunologist and physician serving as the Eversource Energy chairman in experimental oncology at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. He is known for his work on cancer vaccines.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He is the scientific founder of Antigenics (AGEN), the New York-based biotech company.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Srivastava completed his Ph.D. at the Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Hyderabad, India, and his MD from the University of Connecticut School of Medicine.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Srivastava was appointed Assistant Professor in the Department of Pharmacology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, in 1989. He moved to Fordham University as an associate professor of biology in 1993 and became a full Professor in 1995. During this time, Srivastava co-founded a biotechnology company, Antigenics, in 1994.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1997, he was appointed physician health services professor of medicine at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. He became the founding director of the Center for Immunotherapy of Cancer and Infectious Diseases.He was also the founding chairman of the Department of Immunology. Since 2011, he has been the director of the Carole and Neag Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Srivastava made contributions to neuroimmunology. His laboratory first identified the temperature receptors (TRPV receptors) on dendritic cells and reported the consequences of the engagement of these receptors on immune tolerance in the gut. In addition, Srivastava investigated neuroimmunology interactions and showed how the sympathetic nervous system is critical for the normal development of neutrophils and that dysregulation of this pathway leads to the generation of the immune suppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells, which promotes the proliferation of regulatory T cells.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Srivastava has more than 200 peer-reviewed publications and more than 200 awarded patents in the field of cancer immunology including:",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Reversion analysis reveals the in vivo immunogenicity of a poorly MHC I-binding cancer neoepitope. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26646-5",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "An unbiased approach to defining bona fide cancer neoepitopes that elicit immune-mediated cancer rejection. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci142823",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Sympathetic nervous tone limits the development of myeloid-derived suppressor cells Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciimmunol.aay9368",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Cross-dressing of CD8α+ Dendritic Cells with Antigens from Live Mouse Tumor Cells Is a Major Mechanism of Cross-priming Doi: https://doi.org/10.1158/2326-6066.cir-20-0248",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "New epitopes in ovalbumin provide insights into cancer neoepitopes Doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.127882",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Mass spectrometry driven exploration reveals nuances of neoepitope-driven tumor rejection Doi: https://doi.org/10.1172/jci.insight.129152",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Endocannabinoid system acts as a regulator of immune homeostasis in the gut Doi: https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1612177114",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Tumor Control Index as a new tool to assess tumor growth in experimental animals Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2017.03.013",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Oral ingestion of Capsaicin, the pungent component of chili pepper, enhances a discreet population of macrophages and confers protection from autoimmune diabetes.Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/mi.2011.50",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Duan F, Duitama J, Al Seesi S, Ayres CM, Corcelli SA, Pawashe AP, Blanchard T, McMahon D, Sidney J, Sette A, Mandoiu II, Srivastava PK. Genomic and bioinformatic profiling of mutational neoepitopes reveals new rules to predict anticancer immunogenicity. J Exp Med. (2014) 211:2231-48. PMID: 25245761",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Binder RJ, Srivastava PK. Peptides chaperoned by heat shock proteins are a necessary and sufficient source of antigen in cross-priming CD8+ T cells. Nature Immunology (2005) 6(6):593-9. PMID: 15864309 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/ni1201",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Basu S, Binder RJ, Srivastava PK. CD91 is a common receptor for heat shock proteins gp96, hsp90, hsp70, and calreticulin, Immunity (2001) 14, 303-313, PMID: 11290339 Doi : https://doi.org/10.1016/s1074-7613(01)00111-x",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Basu S, Binder RJ, Suto R, Anderson KM, Srivastava PK. Necrotic but not apoptotic cell death releases heat shock proteins, which deliver maturation signal to dendritic cells and activate the NFB pathway. International Immunology (2000) 12 (11), 1539-1546. PMID: 11058573 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/intimm/12.11.1539",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Binder RJ, Han DK, Srivastava PK. CD91 is a receptor for heat shock protein gp96. Nature Immunology (2000) 1 (2), 151-155. PMID: 11248808 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/77835",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Tamura Y, Peng P, Liu K, Daou M, Srivastava PK. Immunotherapy of metastatic lung cancer by heat shock protein preparations. Science (1997) 278(5335):117-120,1997. PMID: 9311915 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.278.5335.117",
"title": "Publications"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Suto R, Srivastava PK. A mechanism for the specific immunogenicity of heat shock protein - chaperoned peptides. Science (1995) 269, 1585-1588. PMID: 7545313 Doi: https://doi.org/10.1126/science.7545313",
"title": "Publications"
}
] | Pramod Kumar Srivastava is an American immunologist and physician serving as the Eversource Energy chairman in experimental oncology at the University of Connecticut School of Medicine. He is known for his work on cancer vaccines. He is the scientific founder of Antigenics (AGEN), the New York-based biotech company. | 2023-12-07T17:33:20Z | 2023-12-13T00:44:13Z | [
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pramod_Kumar_Srivastava |
75,508,912 | Khushi Kapoor | Khushi Kapoor is an Indian actress who works in Hindi films. Born to actress Sridevi and producer Boney Kapoor, Kapoor is known for playing Betty Cooper in The Archies (2023). | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Khushi Kapoor is an Indian actress who works in Hindi films. Born to actress Sridevi and producer Boney Kapoor, Kapoor is known for playing Betty Cooper in The Archies (2023).",
"title": ""
}
] | Khushi Kapoor is an Indian actress who works in Hindi films. Born to actress Sridevi and producer Boney Kapoor, Kapoor is known for playing Betty Cooper in The Archies (2023). | 2023-12-07T17:33:48Z | 2023-12-28T09:32:50Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use Indian English",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox person"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khushi_Kapoor |
75,508,922 | 1992 Volvo Women's Open – Doubles | Nana Miyagi and Suzanna Wibowo were the defending champions, but Wibowo did not compete this year. Miyagi teamed up with Yayuk Basuki and lost in the quarterfinals to Isabelle Demongeot and Natalia Medvedeva.
Demongeot and Medvedeva won the title by defeating Pascale Paradis-Mangon and Sandrine Testud 6–1, 6–1 in the final. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nana Miyagi and Suzanna Wibowo were the defending champions, but Wibowo did not compete this year. Miyagi teamed up with Yayuk Basuki and lost in the quarterfinals to Isabelle Demongeot and Natalia Medvedeva.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Demongeot and Medvedeva won the title by defeating Pascale Paradis-Mangon and Sandrine Testud 6–1, 6–1 in the final.",
"title": ""
}
] | Nana Miyagi and Suzanna Wibowo were the defending champions, but Wibowo did not compete this year. Miyagi teamed up with Yayuk Basuki and lost in the quarterfinals to Isabelle Demongeot and Natalia Medvedeva. Demongeot and Medvedeva won the title by defeating Pascale Paradis-Mangon and Sandrine Testud 6–1, 6–1 in the final. | 2023-12-07T17:36:09Z | 2023-12-07T17:49:27Z | [
"Template:Columns-list",
"Template:Draw key",
"Template:16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:1992 WTA Tour",
"Template:TennisEvents",
"Template:Main"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1992_Volvo_Women%27s_Open_%E2%80%93_Doubles |
75,508,955 | Juliet Kabera | Juliet Kabera is a Rwandan scientist and civil servant, who is Director General of the Rwanda Environment Management Authority. Appointed in 2020, Kabera had previously held the role of Director General of Environment and Climate Change at the Ministry of Environment.
Kabera graduated in 2002 with a BA in Science, majoring in Biochemistry, from Makerere University. In June 2020 she received an MA in Conservation from the African Leadership University, as well as an MA in Public Health from Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.
Appointed in 2020 as Director General of the Rwanda Environment Management Authority, Kabera had previously held the role of Director General of Environment and Climate Change at the Ministry of Environment. From 2019 to 2020 she was the Chair of the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol.
In 2022, Kabera was the national representative at 5th UN Environment Assembly (UNEA), drawing up draft legislation for the elimination of plastics. She has spoken in favour of a global plastics treaty, as well as on the importance on waste sorting for recycling. At COP28 she again advocated for a global treaty to eliminate plastic waste. She has also called for further investment in clean air initiatives in Rwanda.
The New Times described her in 2023, saying that her leadership "contributed to Rwanda's efforts in combating climate change and promoting sustainable environmental management". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Juliet Kabera is a Rwandan scientist and civil servant, who is Director General of the Rwanda Environment Management Authority. Appointed in 2020, Kabera had previously held the role of Director General of Environment and Climate Change at the Ministry of Environment.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Kabera graduated in 2002 with a BA in Science, majoring in Biochemistry, from Makerere University. In June 2020 she received an MA in Conservation from the African Leadership University, as well as an MA in Public Health from Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Appointed in 2020 as Director General of the Rwanda Environment Management Authority, Kabera had previously held the role of Director General of Environment and Climate Change at the Ministry of Environment. From 2019 to 2020 she was the Chair of the Executive Committee of the Multilateral Fund of the Montreal Protocol.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2022, Kabera was the national representative at 5th UN Environment Assembly (UNEA), drawing up draft legislation for the elimination of plastics. She has spoken in favour of a global plastics treaty, as well as on the importance on waste sorting for recycling. At COP28 she again advocated for a global treaty to eliminate plastic waste. She has also called for further investment in clean air initiatives in Rwanda.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The New Times described her in 2023, saying that her leadership \"contributed to Rwanda's efforts in combating climate change and promoting sustainable environmental management\".",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Juliet Kabera is a Rwandan scientist and civil servant, who is Director General of the Rwanda Environment Management Authority. Appointed in 2020, Kabera had previously held the role of Director General of Environment and Climate Change at the Ministry of Environment. | 2023-12-07T17:42:58Z | 2023-12-31T23:11:04Z | [
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juliet_Kabera |
75,508,957 | Carl Setorwu Modey | Major General Carl Setorwu Modey is a Ghanaian former diplomat and a retired military officer of the Ghana Armed Forces.
From 1985 to 1986, Modey received the Honour Graduate of Course 7 of the Ghana Armed Forces Command and Staff College in Teshie in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.
He has a master's degree in Military Art and Science (MMAS) from the United States Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth in Kansas from 1987 to 1988. He also has a Master of Science in Strategic Studies from the University of Ibadan in Nigeria.
In 2003, he also attended the Nigeria National Defence College in Abuja. He also is a member of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators in the United Kingdom. He is also a graduate member of the Chartered Institute of Administration and Management Consultants
Modey began his career in the Ghana Army Engineers Regiment on 21 July 1973.
In 2008, Modey was appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General as the Deputy Force Commander for the United Nations Mission in Liberia. He replaced Major General Tahir Mohammed from Pakistan.
On 28 November 2010, he was seconded from the Ghana Armed Forces to the Customs Division as a Commissioner of the Ghana Revenue Authority.
In 2014, Modey was appointed as the High Commissioner of Ghana to Sierra Leone by John Mahama.
In September 2014, Modey presented 850 bags of Ghanaian rice to the Deputy Minister of Health II, Madam Madina Rahman in Sierra Leone for the survivors of Ebola disease.
Modey is married and has children. He plays golf. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Major General Carl Setorwu Modey is a Ghanaian former diplomat and a retired military officer of the Ghana Armed Forces.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "From 1985 to 1986, Modey received the Honour Graduate of Course 7 of the Ghana Armed Forces Command and Staff College in Teshie in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He has a master's degree in Military Art and Science (MMAS) from the United States Command and General Staff College in Fort Leavenworth in Kansas from 1987 to 1988. He also has a Master of Science in Strategic Studies from the University of Ibadan in Nigeria.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 2003, he also attended the Nigeria National Defence College in Abuja. He also is a member of the Chartered Institute of Arbitrators in the United Kingdom. He is also a graduate member of the Chartered Institute of Administration and Management Consultants",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Modey began his career in the Ghana Army Engineers Regiment on 21 July 1973.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2008, Modey was appointed by the United Nations Secretary-General as the Deputy Force Commander for the United Nations Mission in Liberia. He replaced Major General Tahir Mohammed from Pakistan.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "On 28 November 2010, he was seconded from the Ghana Armed Forces to the Customs Division as a Commissioner of the Ghana Revenue Authority.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 2014, Modey was appointed as the High Commissioner of Ghana to Sierra Leone by John Mahama.",
"title": "Ambassadorial role"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In September 2014, Modey presented 850 bags of Ghanaian rice to the Deputy Minister of Health II, Madam Madina Rahman in Sierra Leone for the survivors of Ebola disease.",
"title": "Philantrophy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Modey is married and has children. He plays golf.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Major General Carl Setorwu Modey is a Ghanaian former diplomat and a retired military officer of the Ghana Armed Forces. | 2023-12-07T17:43:44Z | 2024-01-01T00:52:12Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Setorwu_Modey |
75,508,963 | MacJones Mandala Shawa | MacJones Mandala Shawa is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Local Government in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "MacJones Mandala Shawa is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Local Government in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009.",
"title": ""
}
] | MacJones Mandala Shawa is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Deputy Minister of Local Government in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | 2023-12-07T17:44:38Z | 2023-12-08T21:42:31Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacJones_Mandala_Shawa |
75,508,972 | Ritchie Bizwick Muyewa | Ritchie Bizwick Muyewa is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Irrigation in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ritchie Bizwick Muyewa is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Irrigation in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009.",
"title": ""
}
] | Ritchie Bizwick Muyewa is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Irrigation in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | 2023-12-07T17:46:02Z | 2023-12-08T21:40:44Z | [
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-bef"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritchie_Bizwick_Muyewa |
75,508,973 | Candeias Oil Well (C-1) | The Candeias Oil Well (C-1), discovered on December 13, 1941, is located in the municipality of Candeias, in the interior of the state of Bahia.
Drilled on June 30, 1941, the Candeias Oil Well 1 (C-1) was the first commercial exploration well and the first oil field in Brazil. Previously, on January 21, 1939, a well had been discovered in Lobato, a district of Salvador, but it was not commercially exploited. Both used the same drilling machine. Work began on April 2, 1941, but drilling only took place in June and was completed on December 31, 1941.
The exploration of oil in Brazil dates back to the government of Pedro II, when he granted permission to the Englishman Thomas Denny Sargent to extract oil and other minerals in the south of Bahia. In 1892, drilling was carried out by Eugênio Camargo, who only managed to extract clayey sand. In 1907, the Mineralogical Service of Brazil joined the research and increased the areas under analysis.
In the 1940s, the Bahia Oil Workers' Union (Sindipetro) reported that the discovery and development of oil in Candeias sparked the creation of a refinery. In 1950, the Landulpho Alves Refinery (now Mataripe Refinary), was set up in the municipality of São Francisco do Conde, near Candeias.
The increase in oil production led to the creation of the state-owned company Petrobras in 1953 by then president Getúlio Vargas, established after a popular campaign called "O Petróleo é Nosso" (English: Oil is Ours). Until 1965, Bahia was the only state in the country to produce oil. After the discovery of the first well, others were found in and around Candeias. C-2, found two months after C-1, produced up to 80 barrels a day, an by 1951, it had produced 22,768.03 barrels of oil and 75.515 barrels of gas. On June 23, 1952, President Getúlio Vargas visited Candeias, where he made his official speech in defense of the state oil monopoly and the creation of Petrobras.
The well was listed as a historical landmark by the Artistic and Cultural Heritage Institute of Bahia (IPAC), the organization responsible for preserving Bahia's memory and culture, given its importance for the construction of Petrobras. Next to the well, Petrobras built a monument to commemorate and honor the first oil workers. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Candeias Oil Well (C-1), discovered on December 13, 1941, is located in the municipality of Candeias, in the interior of the state of Bahia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Drilled on June 30, 1941, the Candeias Oil Well 1 (C-1) was the first commercial exploration well and the first oil field in Brazil. Previously, on January 21, 1939, a well had been discovered in Lobato, a district of Salvador, but it was not commercially exploited. Both used the same drilling machine. Work began on April 2, 1941, but drilling only took place in June and was completed on December 31, 1941.",
"title": "Context and discovery"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The exploration of oil in Brazil dates back to the government of Pedro II, when he granted permission to the Englishman Thomas Denny Sargent to extract oil and other minerals in the south of Bahia. In 1892, drilling was carried out by Eugênio Camargo, who only managed to extract clayey sand. In 1907, the Mineralogical Service of Brazil joined the research and increased the areas under analysis.",
"title": "Context and discovery"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In the 1940s, the Bahia Oil Workers' Union (Sindipetro) reported that the discovery and development of oil in Candeias sparked the creation of a refinery. In 1950, the Landulpho Alves Refinery (now Mataripe Refinary), was set up in the municipality of São Francisco do Conde, near Candeias.",
"title": "Landulpho Alves Refinery"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The increase in oil production led to the creation of the state-owned company Petrobras in 1953 by then president Getúlio Vargas, established after a popular campaign called \"O Petróleo é Nosso\" (English: Oil is Ours). Until 1965, Bahia was the only state in the country to produce oil. After the discovery of the first well, others were found in and around Candeias. C-2, found two months after C-1, produced up to 80 barrels a day, an by 1951, it had produced 22,768.03 barrels of oil and 75.515 barrels of gas. On June 23, 1952, President Getúlio Vargas visited Candeias, where he made his official speech in defense of the state oil monopoly and the creation of Petrobras.",
"title": "Landulpho Alves Refinery"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The well was listed as a historical landmark by the Artistic and Cultural Heritage Institute of Bahia (IPAC), the organization responsible for preserving Bahia's memory and culture, given its importance for the construction of Petrobras. Next to the well, Petrobras built a monument to commemorate and honor the first oil workers.",
"title": "Monument"
}
] | The Candeias Oil Well (C-1), discovered on December 13, 1941, is located in the municipality of Candeias, in the interior of the state of Bahia. | 2023-12-07T17:46:11Z | 2023-12-12T11:46:45Z | [
"Template:Portal bar",
"Template:Infobox building",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candeias_Oil_Well_(C-1) |
75,508,983 | Moses Chirambo | Moses Chirambo was a Malawian politician and ophthalmologists. He was the former Minister of Health in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009.
Chirambo was Malawi's first ophthalmologist before entering politics. He died on 14 August 2010. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Moses Chirambo was a Malawian politician and ophthalmologists. He was the former Minister of Health in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Chirambo was Malawi's first ophthalmologist before entering politics. He died on 14 August 2010.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Moses Chirambo was a Malawian politician and ophthalmologists. He was the former Minister of Health in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. Chirambo was Malawi's first ophthalmologist before entering politics. He died on 14 August 2010. | 2023-12-07T17:47:28Z | 2023-12-26T03:47:24Z | [
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:S-aft"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moses_Chirambo |
75,508,987 | Grey Malunga | Grey Malunga is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Natural Resources and Energy in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Grey Malunga is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Natural Resources and Energy in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009.",
"title": ""
}
] | Grey Malunga is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Natural Resources and Energy in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2009 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 15 June 2009. | 2023-12-07T17:48:04Z | 2023-12-08T21:42:57Z | [
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Malunga |
75,508,992 | Eric Wiese (animal behavior consultant) | Eric Wiese (born May 17, 1984) is an American animal behavior consultant, television host, inventor, philanthropist, and entrepreneur. He is the co-owner and founder of Happy Puppy LA, co-founder of the WRARE Foundation, and the inventor of the Spacewalk Dog Harness. Wiese is also an American Kennel Club Canine Good Citizen Evaluator, a member of the Association of Professional Dog Trainers, and a member of the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants, and is Fear Fear Certified.
Wiese co-hosted the CBS Television show Lucky Dog in seasons 8, 9, and 10. Wiese and his wife, Rashi Khanna Wiese, took viewers on a journey of rescuing shelter dogs and training them for forever homes. In 2021, CBS featured the episode Lady at Helen Woodward Animal Center. In February 2023, Wiese and his wife, Rashi Khanna Wiese, helped the long-running series Lucky Dog on CBS rescue their 200th dog. Wiese also co-hosted the CBS show The Price is Right in 2023 with his wife, Rashi Khanna Wiese, and long-time host Drew Carey. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Eric Wiese (born May 17, 1984) is an American animal behavior consultant, television host, inventor, philanthropist, and entrepreneur. He is the co-owner and founder of Happy Puppy LA, co-founder of the WRARE Foundation, and the inventor of the Spacewalk Dog Harness. Wiese is also an American Kennel Club Canine Good Citizen Evaluator, a member of the Association of Professional Dog Trainers, and a member of the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants, and is Fear Fear Certified.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Wiese co-hosted the CBS Television show Lucky Dog in seasons 8, 9, and 10. Wiese and his wife, Rashi Khanna Wiese, took viewers on a journey of rescuing shelter dogs and training them for forever homes. In 2021, CBS featured the episode Lady at Helen Woodward Animal Center. In February 2023, Wiese and his wife, Rashi Khanna Wiese, helped the long-running series Lucky Dog on CBS rescue their 200th dog. Wiese also co-hosted the CBS show The Price is Right in 2023 with his wife, Rashi Khanna Wiese, and long-time host Drew Carey.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Eric Wiese is an American animal behavior consultant, television host, inventor, philanthropist, and entrepreneur. He is the co-owner and founder of Happy Puppy LA, co-founder of the WRARE Foundation, and the inventor of the Spacewalk Dog Harness. Wiese is also an American Kennel Club Canine Good Citizen Evaluator, a member of the Association of Professional Dog Trainers, and a member of the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants, and is Fear Fear Certified. | 2023-12-07T17:49:38Z | 2023-12-10T21:58:10Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Uncategorized",
"Template:Notability",
"Template:Infobox person"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric_Wiese_(animal_behavior_consultant) |
75,508,995 | Ruth Stone's Vast Library of the Female Mind | Ruth Stone's Vast Library of the Female Mind is a 2021 documentary film about the life and work of American poet Ruth Stone. The film was directed by Nora Jacobson. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ruth Stone's Vast Library of the Female Mind is a 2021 documentary film about the life and work of American poet Ruth Stone. The film was directed by Nora Jacobson.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Ruth Stone's Vast Library of the Female Mind is a 2021 documentary film about the life and work of American poet Ruth Stone. The film was directed by Nora Jacobson. | 2023-12-07T17:50:13Z | 2023-12-21T15:53:57Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Imdb title",
"Template:Improve categories",
"Template:Documentary-film-stub",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth_Stone%27s_Vast_Library_of_the_Female_Mind |
75,509,015 | Ted Kalebe | Ted Kalebe is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Economic planning and development in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2007 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 20 November 2007. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ted Kalebe is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Economic planning and development in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2007 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 20 November 2007.",
"title": ""
}
] | Ted Kalebe is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Economic planning and development in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2007 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 20 November 2007. | 2023-12-07T17:53:47Z | 2023-12-08T21:43:13Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ted_Kalebe |
75,509,023 | Marjory Ngaunje | Marjory Ngaunje (died November 2013) is a Malawian politician and educator. She was the former Minister of Health in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in 2006 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. She served in the role until a cabinet reshuffle in February 2008.
Ngaunje died in November 2013 at her residence in Lilongwe. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Marjory Ngaunje (died November 2013) is a Malawian politician and educator. She was the former Minister of Health in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in 2006 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. She served in the role until a cabinet reshuffle in February 2008.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ngaunje died in November 2013 at her residence in Lilongwe.",
"title": ""
}
] | Marjory Ngaunje is a Malawian politician and educator. She was the former Minister of Health in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in 2006 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. She served in the role until a cabinet reshuffle in February 2008. Ngaunje died in November 2013 at her residence in Lilongwe. | 2023-12-07T17:55:02Z | 2023-12-10T22:55:47Z | [
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Not in source",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:Authority control"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjory_Ngaunje |
75,509,037 | Ernest Malenga | Ernest Malenga is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2007 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 20 November 2007. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ernest Malenga is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2007 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 20 November 2007.",
"title": ""
}
] | Ernest Malenga is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Agriculture and Irrigation in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2007 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 20 November 2007. | 2023-12-07T17:56:28Z | 2023-12-08T16:13:47Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Malenga |
75,509,046 | Davies Katsonga | Davies Katsonga is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Presidential and parliamentary affairs in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2007 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 20 November 2007. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Davies Katsonga is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Presidential and parliamentary affairs in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2007 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 20 November 2007.",
"title": ""
}
] | Davies Katsonga is a Malawian politician and educator. He was the former Minister of Presidential and parliamentary affairs in Malawi, having been appointed to the position in early 2007 by the former president of Malawi, Bingu wa Mutharika. His term began on 20 November 2007. | 2023-12-07T17:57:54Z | 2023-12-08T21:40:00Z | [
"Template:S-ach",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:S-aft",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Malawi-politician-stub",
"Template:Short description"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davies_Katsonga |
75,509,054 | Said Kamal | Said Kamal (1938–2017) was a Palestinian politician who served as the representative of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to Egypt. He held other posts in the PLO and was a member of the Palestinian National Council.
Kamal was born in Nablus, Mandatory Palestine, on 23 September 1938. He graduated from An Najah College in Nablus in 1956. Then he attended the University of Baghdad, Iraq, in 1958, but he could not manage to complete his studies in economics and political science due to the military coup which ended the monarchy. He settled in Egypt where he received a degree in economics and political science at Alexandria University in 1966. He joined the General Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS) and was the chairman of its branch at Alexandria University between 1959 and 1962. Then he was elected as a member of the executive committee of the GUPS which he held until 1969.
Kamal was one of the founding members of the PLO. He acted as the head of its Popular Tanzim Department in Cairo until 1970. He served in the PLO's political department between 1970 and 1988. He was its vice-chairman from 1974. He was made the representative of the PLO to Egypt in 1988, being the first Palestinian official to hold the post. His tenure ended in 1994. Then he served as assistant secretary general of the Arab League in charge of the Palestine affairs between 1994 and 2005. He also served as a member of the Palestinian National Council.
Kamal died in Cairo on 25 March 2017. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Said Kamal (1938–2017) was a Palestinian politician who served as the representative of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to Egypt. He held other posts in the PLO and was a member of the Palestinian National Council.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Kamal was born in Nablus, Mandatory Palestine, on 23 September 1938. He graduated from An Najah College in Nablus in 1956. Then he attended the University of Baghdad, Iraq, in 1958, but he could not manage to complete his studies in economics and political science due to the military coup which ended the monarchy. He settled in Egypt where he received a degree in economics and political science at Alexandria University in 1966. He joined the General Union of Palestinian Students (GUPS) and was the chairman of its branch at Alexandria University between 1959 and 1962. Then he was elected as a member of the executive committee of the GUPS which he held until 1969.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Kamal was one of the founding members of the PLO. He acted as the head of its Popular Tanzim Department in Cairo until 1970. He served in the PLO's political department between 1970 and 1988. He was its vice-chairman from 1974. He was made the representative of the PLO to Egypt in 1988, being the first Palestinian official to hold the post. His tenure ended in 1994. Then he served as assistant secretary general of the Arab League in charge of the Palestine affairs between 1994 and 2005. He also served as a member of the Palestinian National Council.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Kamal died in Cairo on 25 March 2017.",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Said Kamal (1938–2017) was a Palestinian politician who served as the representative of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO) to Egypt. He held other posts in the PLO and was a member of the Palestinian National Council. | 2023-12-07T18:00:38Z | 2023-12-14T13:08:00Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox person"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Said_Kamal |
75,509,069 | 1991 Arizona Classic – Doubles | Elise Burgin and Helen Kelesi were the defending champions, but Kelesi did not compete this year. Burgin teamed up with Carrie Cunningham and lost in the first round to Isabelle Demongeot and Patty Fendick.
Peanut Harper and Cammy MacGregor won the title by defeating Sandy Collins and Elna Reinach 7–5, 3–6, 6–3 in the final. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Elise Burgin and Helen Kelesi were the defending champions, but Kelesi did not compete this year. Burgin teamed up with Carrie Cunningham and lost in the first round to Isabelle Demongeot and Patty Fendick.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Peanut Harper and Cammy MacGregor won the title by defeating Sandy Collins and Elna Reinach 7–5, 3–6, 6–3 in the final.",
"title": ""
}
] | Elise Burgin and Helen Kelesi were the defending champions, but Kelesi did not compete this year. Burgin teamed up with Carrie Cunningham and lost in the first round to Isabelle Demongeot and Patty Fendick. Peanut Harper and Cammy MacGregor won the title by defeating Sandy Collins and Elna Reinach 7–5, 3–6, 6–3 in the final. | 2023-12-07T18:03:38Z | 2023-12-07T18:49:31Z | [
"Template:1991 WTA Tour",
"Template:TennisEvents",
"Template:Main",
"Template:Columns-list",
"Template:Draw key",
"Template:16TeamBracket-Compact-Tennis3",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_Arizona_Classic_%E2%80%93_Doubles |
75,509,072 | 2023–24 ISU Speed Skating World Cup – World Cup 4 | The fourth competition weekend of the 2023–24 ISU Speed Skating World Cup is being held at the Ice Arena in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Poland, from Friday, 8 December, until Sunday, 10 December 2023.
In mass start, race points are accumulated during the race based on results of the intermediate sprints and the final sprint. The skater with most race points is the winner.
In mass start, race points are accumulated during the race based on results of the intermediate sprints and the final sprint. The skater with most race points is the winner. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The fourth competition weekend of the 2023–24 ISU Speed Skating World Cup is being held at the Ice Arena in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Poland, from Friday, 8 December, until Sunday, 10 December 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In mass start, race points are accumulated during the race based on results of the intermediate sprints and the final sprint. The skater with most race points is the winner.",
"title": "Medal summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In mass start, race points are accumulated during the race based on results of the intermediate sprints and the final sprint. The skater with most race points is the winner.",
"title": "Medal summary"
}
] | The fourth competition weekend of the 2023–24 ISU Speed Skating World Cup is being held at the Ice Arena in Tomaszów Mazowiecki, Poland, from Friday, 8 December, until Sunday, 10 December 2023. | 2023-12-07T18:03:59Z | 2023-12-10T16:38:16Z | [
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Sort",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Hs",
"Template:Col-end",
"Template:Flagmedalist",
"Template:Note label",
"Template:Silver2",
"Template:CAN",
"Template:POL",
"Template:NOR",
"Template:KOR",
"Template:ITA",
"Template:EST",
"Template:KAZ",
"Template:Col-2",
"Template:JPN",
"Template:NED",
"Template:CZE",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Gold1",
"Template:CHN",
"Template:BEL",
"Template:AUT",
"Template:2023–24ISUSpeedSkatingWorldCup",
"Template:Col-begin",
"Template:Bronze3",
"Template:USA",
"Template:GER",
"Template:ESP",
"Template:SUI",
"Template:FRA",
"Template:NZL",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Infobox Skating event"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_ISU_Speed_Skating_World_Cup_%E2%80%93_World_Cup_4 |
75,509,075 | Altın Kafes | Altın Kafes is a Turkish television series in the romantic and drama genres, produced by ARC Film, with the first episode airing on December 3, 2023. The series is directed by Cem Akyoldaş and written by Rahşan Çiğdem İnan. It is an adaptation of the 2018 South Korean production, The Last Empress. The main featured stars are Aytaç Şaşmaz and Şifanur Gül.
Zeynep works as a teacher at the school of the wealthy Beyoğlu family, one of the country's few affluent families. Due to her sister Berna studying with a scholarship provided by the family, Zeynep feels indebted to them. She also volunteers at the Beyoğlu Foundation. A chain of events is triggered when she prevents an assassination attempt on Onur Beyoğlu, the heir to the Beyoğlu family, during an organization of the foundation. These events bring her closer to this charismatic man and eventually lead them to the wedding altar. Onur, who has shown no interest in any woman since his wife's death, surprises everyone with his marriage to Zeynep. Onur is impressed by Zeynep's uniqueness and genuine behavior, but there are significant secrets about Onur and his family that Zeynep is unaware of. In this house where everyone is connected by the pains of the past, nothing is as it seems. Zeynep and Onur will have to struggle for their love in this house that turns into a golden cage.
Altın Kafes premiered on 3 December 2023 on ATV.
Altın Kafes on the official site of ATV
Altın Kafes channel on YouTube | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Altın Kafes is a Turkish television series in the romantic and drama genres, produced by ARC Film, with the first episode airing on December 3, 2023. The series is directed by Cem Akyoldaş and written by Rahşan Çiğdem İnan. It is an adaptation of the 2018 South Korean production, The Last Empress. The main featured stars are Aytaç Şaşmaz and Şifanur Gül.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Zeynep works as a teacher at the school of the wealthy Beyoğlu family, one of the country's few affluent families. Due to her sister Berna studying with a scholarship provided by the family, Zeynep feels indebted to them. She also volunteers at the Beyoğlu Foundation. A chain of events is triggered when she prevents an assassination attempt on Onur Beyoğlu, the heir to the Beyoğlu family, during an organization of the foundation. These events bring her closer to this charismatic man and eventually lead them to the wedding altar. Onur, who has shown no interest in any woman since his wife's death, surprises everyone with his marriage to Zeynep. Onur is impressed by Zeynep's uniqueness and genuine behavior, but there are significant secrets about Onur and his family that Zeynep is unaware of. In this house where everyone is connected by the pains of the past, nothing is as it seems. Zeynep and Onur will have to struggle for their love in this house that turns into a golden cage.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "Rating"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Altın Kafes premiered on 3 December 2023 on ATV.",
"title": "Release"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Altın Kafes on the official site of ATV",
"title": "External links"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Altın Kafes channel on YouTube",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Altın Kafes is a Turkish television series in the romantic and drama genres, produced by ARC Film, with the first episode airing on December 3, 2023. The series is directed by Cem Akyoldaş and written by Rahşan Çiğdem İnan. It is an adaptation of the 2018 South Korean production, The Last Empress. The main featured stars are Aytaç Şaşmaz and Şifanur Gül. | 2023-12-07T18:04:25Z | 2023-12-14T10:47:51Z | [
"Template:Infobox television",
"Template:Series overview",
"Template:Episode table",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Portal bar"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alt%C4%B1n_Kafes |
75,509,081 | DFB-Supercup Frauen | The Frauen DFB-Supercup is a one-off football match in Germany that features the winners of the Frauen-Bundesliga championship and the DFB-Pokal Frauen. It was contested between 1992 and 1997 and was activated again in 2023.
Below is a list of the Super Cup winners. Before 2023, if a team won both titles, the loser of the cup final was invited. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Frauen DFB-Supercup is a one-off football match in Germany that features the winners of the Frauen-Bundesliga championship and the DFB-Pokal Frauen. It was contested between 1992 and 1997 and was activated again in 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Below is a list of the Super Cup winners. Before 2023, if a team won both titles, the loser of the cup final was invited.",
"title": "Matches"
}
] | The Frauen DFB-Supercup is a one-off football match in Germany that features the winners of the Frauen-Bundesliga championship and the DFB-Pokal Frauen. It was contested between 1992 and 1997 and was activated again in 2023. | 2023-12-07T18:05:59Z | 2023-12-07T19:34:16Z | [
"Template:Infobox football tournament",
"Template:Aet",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Women's football in Germany"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFB-Supercup_Frauen |
75,509,095 | Pyschiatric care | [] | 2023-12-07T18:07:27Z | 2023-12-07T20:24:32Z | [
"Template:SD"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyschiatric_care |
||
75,509,113 | Tin mesoporphyrin | Tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), also known as stannsoporfin, is a synthetic metalloporphyrin, which consists of a group of competitive inhibitors of heme oxygenase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the heme catabolic pathway. Tin mesoporphyrin is one of the more potent metalloporphyrin compound out of all the others.
As the name, tin mesoporphyrin, suggests, the overall structure is very similar to the naturally occurring heme molecule. It consists of a ring structured protoporphyrin IX molecule that has tin as its central atom. As this is a synthetic molecule, the two vinyl groups at both the C2 and C4 positions on the porphyrin macrocyle are reduced to form ethyl groups that is found on tin mesoporphyrin. The molecular weight of tin mesoporphyrin is 754.3 g/mol.
In the heme catabolic pathway, heme oxygenase catalyzes the breakdown of heme to biliverdin and well as carbon monoxide that is exhaled. Biliverdin is then converted to bilirubin with biliverdin reductase. As high biliverdin levels are usually related to bilirubinemia, tin mesoporphyrin has been found to aid in treatment and prevention of this, primarily in newborn infants. Tin mesoporphyrin competitively inhibits the heme oxygenase enzyme, which prevents the breakdown of heme to biliverdin leading to accumulation of heme and not bilirubin.
The application of stannsoporfin or tin mesoporphyrin is currently still being researched. Clinical studies have outlined its use in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia infants and also the prevention of neonatal jaundice. It has also been found to reduce edema and hematoma in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) from patients who suffered traumatic brain injuries.
In one study, tin mesoporphyrin was administered intramuscularly to a newborn that was only 46 hours old with a low birth weight who had also suffered from severe hyperbilirubinemia. Along with blue light treatment, the newborn showed a steady decrease in its total serum biliverdin within 10 hours after administration.
It has also been found that tin mesoporphyrin can aid in the prevention of neonatal jaundice. When administered to pre-discharge newborns who were at risk for neonatal jaundice the results showed a decrease in total biliverdin load, the possibility of postnatal bilirubin progression, as well as the use and duration of phototherapy.
Tin mesoporphyrin has also been found potentially reduce intracerebral mass in intracerebral hemorrhage cases by decreasing the hematoma and edema volumes.
Tin is a metal and can potentially be toxic. Consider the application of it in terms of dosage and other contributing factors. If tin mesoporphyin is going to be utilized in medicine, it is important to understand if there are any specific interactions with other medications. Since this compound has not been thoroughly investigated yet, there may be adverse effects of symptoms that can come with its application. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), also known as stannsoporfin, is a synthetic metalloporphyrin, which consists of a group of competitive inhibitors of heme oxygenase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the heme catabolic pathway. Tin mesoporphyrin is one of the more potent metalloporphyrin compound out of all the others.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As the name, tin mesoporphyrin, suggests, the overall structure is very similar to the naturally occurring heme molecule. It consists of a ring structured protoporphyrin IX molecule that has tin as its central atom. As this is a synthetic molecule, the two vinyl groups at both the C2 and C4 positions on the porphyrin macrocyle are reduced to form ethyl groups that is found on tin mesoporphyrin. The molecular weight of tin mesoporphyrin is 754.3 g/mol.",
"title": "Structure"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In the heme catabolic pathway, heme oxygenase catalyzes the breakdown of heme to biliverdin and well as carbon monoxide that is exhaled. Biliverdin is then converted to bilirubin with biliverdin reductase. As high biliverdin levels are usually related to bilirubinemia, tin mesoporphyrin has been found to aid in treatment and prevention of this, primarily in newborn infants. Tin mesoporphyrin competitively inhibits the heme oxygenase enzyme, which prevents the breakdown of heme to biliverdin leading to accumulation of heme and not bilirubin.",
"title": "Mechanism"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The application of stannsoporfin or tin mesoporphyrin is currently still being researched. Clinical studies have outlined its use in the treatment of hyperbilirubinemia infants and also the prevention of neonatal jaundice. It has also been found to reduce edema and hematoma in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH) from patients who suffered traumatic brain injuries.",
"title": "Application"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In one study, tin mesoporphyrin was administered intramuscularly to a newborn that was only 46 hours old with a low birth weight who had also suffered from severe hyperbilirubinemia. Along with blue light treatment, the newborn showed a steady decrease in its total serum biliverdin within 10 hours after administration.",
"title": "Application"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "It has also been found that tin mesoporphyrin can aid in the prevention of neonatal jaundice. When administered to pre-discharge newborns who were at risk for neonatal jaundice the results showed a decrease in total biliverdin load, the possibility of postnatal bilirubin progression, as well as the use and duration of phototherapy.",
"title": "Application"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Tin mesoporphyrin has also been found potentially reduce intracerebral mass in intracerebral hemorrhage cases by decreasing the hematoma and edema volumes.",
"title": "Application"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Tin is a metal and can potentially be toxic. Consider the application of it in terms of dosage and other contributing factors. If tin mesoporphyin is going to be utilized in medicine, it is important to understand if there are any specific interactions with other medications. Since this compound has not been thoroughly investigated yet, there may be adverse effects of symptoms that can come with its application.",
"title": "Concerns of use"
}
] | Tin mesoporphyrin (SnMP), also known as stannsoporfin, is a synthetic metalloporphyrin, which consists of a group of competitive inhibitors of heme oxygenase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the heme catabolic pathway. Tin mesoporphyrin is one of the more potent metalloporphyrin compound out of all the others. | 2023-12-07T18:10:47Z | 2023-12-26T20:01:05Z | [
"Template:Improve categories",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Chembox",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite journal"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tin_mesoporphyrin |
75,509,118 | Mario Pardo (actor) | Mario Pardo (born 16 April 1944) is a Spanish actor. He gained notoriety for his work in television miniseries Fortunata y Jacinta.
Mario Pardo was born in Berga, province of Barcelona on 16 April 1944. He studied Philosophy and Letters at the University of Salamanca, where he became acquainted with acting, and trained his acting chops at the EOC [es] in Madrid. He later relocated to the Basque Country.
He made his big screen debut in Basilio Martín Patino's Love and Other Solitudes (1969). His 1970s resumee include performances in The Wind's Fierce (1970), La leyenda del alcalde de Zalamea [es] (1973), Clara is the Price (1974), and El Love Feroz [es] (1973).
His role as Maximiliano Rubín in TVE miniseries Fortunata y Jacinta (1980) earned him notoriety. Ensuing roles include his portrayals of Iturbe in La fuga de Segovia [es] (1981), Rubio Antofagasta in Mario Camus' The Beehive (1982), and Ramón in Luces de bohemia, the 1985 adaptation of the play of the same name by Ramón del Valle Inclán, written by Camus and directed by Miguel Ángel Díez. He also appeared in El río que nos lleva (1989), Don Juan in Hell (1991, as Don Juan's esquire Esganarel), and Savages (2001, as Turuta).
He portrayed Mohamed "Moromierda" in crime comedy film Makinavaja, el último choriso (1992) and its sequel ¡Semos peligrosos! Uséase, Makinavaja 2 [es] (1993). He portrayed Damián, the tame father of Elena Valdés (María Castro) in television series Tierra de lobos. His work earned him a nomination to Best Television Actor in a Minor Role at the 20th Actors and Actresses Union Awards.
Late television performances include credits in Adolfo Suárez, el presidente (as Gutiérrez Mellado), Cuéntame (as Lorenzo), and ¡García!. Likewise, he has also appeared in films such as The Platform (2019), En otro lugar (2022), and Close Your Eyes (2023), portraying aging film editor Max Roca. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mario Pardo (born 16 April 1944) is a Spanish actor. He gained notoriety for his work in television miniseries Fortunata y Jacinta.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Mario Pardo was born in Berga, province of Barcelona on 16 April 1944. He studied Philosophy and Letters at the University of Salamanca, where he became acquainted with acting, and trained his acting chops at the EOC [es] in Madrid. He later relocated to the Basque Country.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He made his big screen debut in Basilio Martín Patino's Love and Other Solitudes (1969). His 1970s resumee include performances in The Wind's Fierce (1970), La leyenda del alcalde de Zalamea [es] (1973), Clara is the Price (1974), and El Love Feroz [es] (1973).",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "His role as Maximiliano Rubín in TVE miniseries Fortunata y Jacinta (1980) earned him notoriety. Ensuing roles include his portrayals of Iturbe in La fuga de Segovia [es] (1981), Rubio Antofagasta in Mario Camus' The Beehive (1982), and Ramón in Luces de bohemia, the 1985 adaptation of the play of the same name by Ramón del Valle Inclán, written by Camus and directed by Miguel Ángel Díez. He also appeared in El río que nos lleva (1989), Don Juan in Hell (1991, as Don Juan's esquire Esganarel), and Savages (2001, as Turuta).",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "He portrayed Mohamed \"Moromierda\" in crime comedy film Makinavaja, el último choriso (1992) and its sequel ¡Semos peligrosos! Uséase, Makinavaja 2 [es] (1993). He portrayed Damián, the tame father of Elena Valdés (María Castro) in television series Tierra de lobos. His work earned him a nomination to Best Television Actor in a Minor Role at the 20th Actors and Actresses Union Awards.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Late television performances include credits in Adolfo Suárez, el presidente (as Gutiérrez Mellado), Cuéntame (as Lorenzo), and ¡García!. Likewise, he has also appeared in films such as The Platform (2019), En otro lugar (2022), and Close Your Eyes (2023), portraying aging film editor Max Roca.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Mario Pardo is a Spanish actor. He gained notoriety for his work in television miniseries Fortunata y Jacinta. | 2023-12-07T18:12:20Z | 2023-12-26T15:58:27Z | [
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Ill",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mario_Pardo_(actor) |
75,509,120 | Gazi Tyres Cricket Academy | Gazi Group Cricket Club is a Bangladeshi cricket team they will play List A cricket in the Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League in 2023–24. They had won 2022–23 Dhaka First Division Cricket League for first time and they got promoted to 2023-24 DPL Season. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gazi Group Cricket Club is a Bangladeshi cricket team they will play List A cricket in the Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League in 2023–24. They had won 2022–23 Dhaka First Division Cricket League for first time and they got promoted to 2023-24 DPL Season.",
"title": ""
}
] | Gazi Group Cricket Club is a Bangladeshi cricket team they will play List A cricket in the Dhaka Premier Division Cricket League in 2023–24. They had won 2022–23 Dhaka First Division Cricket League for first time and they got promoted to 2023-24 DPL Season. | 2023-12-07T18:12:43Z | 2023-12-11T08:03:05Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:One source",
"Template:Infobox cricket team"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazi_Tyres_Cricket_Academy |
75,509,135 | Ellen Coolidge Burbank | Ellen Randolph Coolidge Burbank (1945 – 2023) was an American philanthropist, publicist, and executive in the non-profit sector. She was executive director of the Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance from 1976 to 1980, and later of the Pilgrim Monument and Provincetown Museum in Massachusetts from 2001 to 2011. She was a program officer for the Pew Charitable Trusts from 1987 to 2001.
Coolidge was born in Waltham, Massachusetts, the daughter of Francis Lowell Coolidge and Helen Read Curtis Coolidge. She had a twin brother, Frank. Her father worked for the Central Intelligence Agency and the United States Postal Service, and as a child she lived in Washington, D.C., Switzerland, and Tunisia. She attended Rosemary Hall, and graduated from Finch College in 1967.
Burbank worked in the public relations officer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the late 1960s. She moved to Philadelphia in 1975, when her husband began a long career at the University of Pennsylvania. She was Director of the Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance from 1976 to 1980, assistant vice president of community affairs at Philadelphia Savings Fund Society from 1980 to 1984, and was a program officer for the Pew Charitable Trusts from 1987 to 2001.
In Massachusetts later in life, Burbank was executive director of the Pilgrim Monument and Provincetown Museum from 2001 to 2011. During her tenure, the museum became a popular site for same-sex marriage ceremonies, which became legal in Massachusetts in 2004. She was a trustee of New England Village, the independent living community in Pembroke, Massachusetts, where her son was a resident. She was also a trustee of the Provincetown Art Association and Museum. She advised and consulted for organizations including the Gates Foundation, Jobs for the Future, and the Rhode Island Foundation.
Coolidge married her brother's Harvard roommate, lawyer and law professor Stephen Burbank, in 1970. They had a son, Peter, born in 1981. Her son's disabilities shaped some of her philanthropic interests and activities. She died in 2023, at the age of 77, after several years of declining health from dementia. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ellen Randolph Coolidge Burbank (1945 – 2023) was an American philanthropist, publicist, and executive in the non-profit sector. She was executive director of the Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance from 1976 to 1980, and later of the Pilgrim Monument and Provincetown Museum in Massachusetts from 2001 to 2011. She was a program officer for the Pew Charitable Trusts from 1987 to 2001.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Coolidge was born in Waltham, Massachusetts, the daughter of Francis Lowell Coolidge and Helen Read Curtis Coolidge. She had a twin brother, Frank. Her father worked for the Central Intelligence Agency and the United States Postal Service, and as a child she lived in Washington, D.C., Switzerland, and Tunisia. She attended Rosemary Hall, and graduated from Finch College in 1967.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Burbank worked in the public relations officer at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the late 1960s. She moved to Philadelphia in 1975, when her husband began a long career at the University of Pennsylvania. She was Director of the Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance from 1976 to 1980, assistant vice president of community affairs at Philadelphia Savings Fund Society from 1980 to 1984, and was a program officer for the Pew Charitable Trusts from 1987 to 2001.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In Massachusetts later in life, Burbank was executive director of the Pilgrim Monument and Provincetown Museum from 2001 to 2011. During her tenure, the museum became a popular site for same-sex marriage ceremonies, which became legal in Massachusetts in 2004. She was a trustee of New England Village, the independent living community in Pembroke, Massachusetts, where her son was a resident. She was also a trustee of the Provincetown Art Association and Museum. She advised and consulted for organizations including the Gates Foundation, Jobs for the Future, and the Rhode Island Foundation.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Coolidge married her brother's Harvard roommate, lawyer and law professor Stephen Burbank, in 1970. They had a son, Peter, born in 1981. Her son's disabilities shaped some of her philanthropic interests and activities. She died in 2023, at the age of 77, after several years of declining health from dementia.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Ellen Randolph Coolidge Burbank was an American philanthropist, publicist, and executive in the non-profit sector. She was executive director of the Greater Philadelphia Cultural Alliance from 1976 to 1980, and later of the Pilgrim Monument and Provincetown Museum in Massachusetts from 2001 to 2011. She was a program officer for the Pew Charitable Trusts from 1987 to 2001. | 2023-12-07T18:15:23Z | 2023-12-07T23:20:12Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Hatnote",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Authority control"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen_Coolidge_Burbank |
75,509,136 | Lucinda Hinojos | Lucinda Hinojos (1981) also known as ‘La Morena’
Hinojos was born in Glendale Arizona. Lucinda grew up playing soccer and didn't get into art until later in life. She attended Glendale Community College for 3 years. Her artworks are often a representation of her background as a Chicana and her indigenous descent.
Hinojos is a visual artist, muralist, and the first Chicana and Indigenous artists to work with the NFL. Popular works of hers include her Super Bowl Mural which she created by working with multiple artists whose names were Randy Barton (Dine/Navajo descent), Anitra "Yukue" Molina (Yaqui descent), and Carrie "CC" Curley (San Carlos Apache descent) to produce the largest Super Bowl Mural to date located on the Monarch Theatre. The 2023 Super Bowl Ticket art, she was responsible for the Super Bowl ticket art and honors her indigenous and Chicano roots in the image. The No More Stolen Sisters Mural is a mural Hinojos created to support the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women epidemic. This mural led her to meet with Arizona Congressman Greg Stanton to discuss the issue of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Lucinda Hinojos (1981) also known as ‘La Morena’",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Hinojos was born in Glendale Arizona. Lucinda grew up playing soccer and didn't get into art until later in life. She attended Glendale Community College for 3 years. Her artworks are often a representation of her background as a Chicana and her indigenous descent.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Hinojos is a visual artist, muralist, and the first Chicana and Indigenous artists to work with the NFL. Popular works of hers include her Super Bowl Mural which she created by working with multiple artists whose names were Randy Barton (Dine/Navajo descent), Anitra \"Yukue\" Molina (Yaqui descent), and Carrie \"CC\" Curley (San Carlos Apache descent) to produce the largest Super Bowl Mural to date located on the Monarch Theatre. The 2023 Super Bowl Ticket art, she was responsible for the Super Bowl ticket art and honors her indigenous and Chicano roots in the image. The No More Stolen Sisters Mural is a mural Hinojos created to support the Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women epidemic. This mural led her to meet with Arizona Congressman Greg Stanton to discuss the issue of Missing and Murdered Indigenous Women.",
"title": "Art"
}
] | Lucinda Hinojos (1981) also known as ‘La Morena’ | 2023-12-07T18:15:26Z | 2023-12-31T11:11:54Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Uncategorized"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucinda_Hinojos |
75,509,143 | 2024 in Zambia | Events in the year 2024 in Zambia
Source: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Events in the year 2024 in Zambia",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Source:",
"title": "Holidays"
}
] | Events in the year 2024 in Zambia | 2023-12-07T18:16:21Z | 2023-12-07T18:29:29Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Further",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Portal",
"Template:Year in Zambia",
"Template:Small",
"Template:Years in Zambia",
"Template:Year in Africa"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_in_Zambia |
75,509,155 | Life of a Shock Force Worker | Life of a Shock Force Worker (Serbo-Croatian: Slike iz života udarnika) is a 1972 Yugoslav feature film directed by Bahrudin Bata Čengić and based on a script by Branko Vučićević. It belongs to the Yugoslav Black Wave.
The film was inspired by the lives of coal miners who, due to their efforts in the first years of socialist Yugoslavia, were glorified and portrayed as national heroes. These workers were known as udarniks (shock force workers). The protagonist, played by Adem Čejvan, is a miner who, despite his fame, lives a modest and not at all glamorous life.
The film consists of a series of connected vignettes in the life of a Bosniak, Adem, and his fellow miners, starting from his wedding. They are shown working in a mine, competing over who will mine more coal, and later continuing their numerous other competitions in their spare time. Adem receives honours and recognition, but still lives a humble life. He soon becomes an inspiration to other miners and the people around him. An artist paints Adem's portrait and has it placed right next to portraits of Tito and Stalin, which the workers carry throughout the film. During his absence, he is suddenly left by his wife. When he and his comrades travel to Slovenia to receive an award, he begins a relationship with a sophisticated Slovenian woman, also a shock force worker, and the two get married upon their return. A sculptor makes a bust of Adem. While Adem is working, a Chetnik threatens his wife. Upon learning about the presence of Chetniks nearby, a shootout erupts and Adem and his comrades emerge as victors. Now an official member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, Adem spends even less time at home, angering his wife. He travels to Russia as a representative of the workers. When he comes back home he finds her massacred by Chetniks, and gets hospitalised after being found unconscious in the mine. He insists on going back to work and leaves the hospital, reasoning that "a man can bear anything". The film ends in 1972, with Adem pondering the state of the Yugoslav workforce.
The film takes place in the early days of socialist Yugoslavia, before the Tito-Stalin split, and pays omage to coal miner and shock force worker Alija Sirotanović, who is mentioned in the film. It tries to preserve the memory and legacy Yugoslav miners and the flaws of the system they worked in. The film begins in 1947 and follows the life and work of udarniks from the beginning of the udarnik movement until their retirement.
The film was restored in 2022 by the Association of European Film Archives and Cinematheques as part of the A Season of Classic Films project. The project was a collaboration between the Slovenian and Croatian cinematheques, the Sarajevo Film Center, and the Austrian Film Museum. It was carried out under the supervisition of Karpo Aćimović Godina, the film's cinematographer. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Life of a Shock Force Worker (Serbo-Croatian: Slike iz života udarnika) is a 1972 Yugoslav feature film directed by Bahrudin Bata Čengić and based on a script by Branko Vučićević. It belongs to the Yugoslav Black Wave.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The film was inspired by the lives of coal miners who, due to their efforts in the first years of socialist Yugoslavia, were glorified and portrayed as national heroes. These workers were known as udarniks (shock force workers). The protagonist, played by Adem Čejvan, is a miner who, despite his fame, lives a modest and not at all glamorous life.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The film consists of a series of connected vignettes in the life of a Bosniak, Adem, and his fellow miners, starting from his wedding. They are shown working in a mine, competing over who will mine more coal, and later continuing their numerous other competitions in their spare time. Adem receives honours and recognition, but still lives a humble life. He soon becomes an inspiration to other miners and the people around him. An artist paints Adem's portrait and has it placed right next to portraits of Tito and Stalin, which the workers carry throughout the film. During his absence, he is suddenly left by his wife. When he and his comrades travel to Slovenia to receive an award, he begins a relationship with a sophisticated Slovenian woman, also a shock force worker, and the two get married upon their return. A sculptor makes a bust of Adem. While Adem is working, a Chetnik threatens his wife. Upon learning about the presence of Chetniks nearby, a shootout erupts and Adem and his comrades emerge as victors. Now an official member of the League of Communists of Yugoslavia, Adem spends even less time at home, angering his wife. He travels to Russia as a representative of the workers. When he comes back home he finds her massacred by Chetniks, and gets hospitalised after being found unconscious in the mine. He insists on going back to work and leaves the hospital, reasoning that \"a man can bear anything\". The film ends in 1972, with Adem pondering the state of the Yugoslav workforce.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The film takes place in the early days of socialist Yugoslavia, before the Tito-Stalin split, and pays omage to coal miner and shock force worker Alija Sirotanović, who is mentioned in the film. It tries to preserve the memory and legacy Yugoslav miners and the flaws of the system they worked in. The film begins in 1947 and follows the life and work of udarniks from the beginning of the udarnik movement until their retirement.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The film was restored in 2022 by the Association of European Film Archives and Cinematheques as part of the A Season of Classic Films project. The project was a collaboration between the Slovenian and Croatian cinematheques, the Sarajevo Film Center, and the Austrian Film Museum. It was carried out under the supervisition of Karpo Aćimović Godina, the film's cinematographer.",
"title": "Restoration"
}
] | Life of a Shock Force Worker is a 1972 Yugoslav feature film directed by Bahrudin Bata Čengić and based on a script by Branko Vučićević. It belongs to the Yugoslav Black Wave. The film was inspired by the lives of coal miners who, due to their efforts in the first years of socialist Yugoslavia, were glorified and portrayed as national heroes. These workers were known as udarniks. The protagonist, played by Adem Čejvan, is a miner who, despite his fame, lives a modest and not at all glamorous life. | 2023-12-07T18:17:21Z | 2023-12-30T12:42:44Z | [
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Lang-sh",
"Template:Div col",
"Template:Div col end",
"Template:Citation",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Italictitle"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_of_a_Shock_Force_Worker |
75,509,159 | Ministry of Lands and Water Affairs (Botswana) | The Ministry of Lands and Water Affairs (MWLA) is a ministry within the Cabinet of Botswana. It is composed of 12 Land Boards, 41 Sub Land Boards, 8 Departments and 2 Parastatals being Water Utilities Corporation and Real Estate Advisory Council, being the Department of Lands, the Department of Town & Country Planning, the Department of Surveys & Mapping, the Department of Water and Sanitation the Project Management Office, the Land Tribunal, the Deeds Registry, and the Department of Corporate Services. The current minister is Kefentse Mzwinila in the second cabinet of President Mokgweetsi Masisi. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Ministry of Lands and Water Affairs (MWLA) is a ministry within the Cabinet of Botswana. It is composed of 12 Land Boards, 41 Sub Land Boards, 8 Departments and 2 Parastatals being Water Utilities Corporation and Real Estate Advisory Council, being the Department of Lands, the Department of Town & Country Planning, the Department of Surveys & Mapping, the Department of Water and Sanitation the Project Management Office, the Land Tribunal, the Deeds Registry, and the Department of Corporate Services. The current minister is Kefentse Mzwinila in the second cabinet of President Mokgweetsi Masisi.",
"title": ""
}
] | The Ministry of Lands and Water Affairs (MWLA) is a ministry within the Cabinet of Botswana. It is composed of 12 Land Boards, 41 Sub Land Boards, 8 Departments and 2 Parastatals being Water Utilities Corporation and Real Estate Advisory Council, being the Department of Lands, the Department of Town & Country Planning, the Department of Surveys & Mapping, the Department of Water and Sanitation the Project Management Office, the Land Tribunal, the Deeds Registry, and the Department of Corporate Services. The current minister is Kefentse Mzwinila in the second cabinet of President Mokgweetsi Masisi. | 2023-12-07T18:17:36Z | 2023-12-28T03:47:41Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Botswana government ministries and agencies",
"Template:Botswana-gov-stub",
"Template:Incomplete list",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry_of_Lands_and_Water_Affairs_(Botswana) |
75,509,166 | Robert Arntfield | Robert Arntfield is a Canadian intensivist, medical educator, researcher, and entrepreneur. His specialty is in cardiorespiratory physiology, resuscitation, and the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare. He is a Professor of Medicine and Director of Critical Care Ultrasound Program & Fellowship at Western University’s Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, and is the Medical Director of the Critical Care Trauma Centre at London Health Sciences Centre. He is also the founder of the medical technology company Deep Breathe.
Arntfield received an undergraduate degree in computer science and biochemistry from Queen’s University in 2000. He received his Doctor of Medicine degree from Western University in 2004. He has been board-certified in emergency medicine and critical care medicine.
Following the completion of his medical degree, Arntfield completed an ultrasound fellowship at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.
Arntfield is a Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer and holds a diplomate in adult echocardiography with the National Board of Echocardiography.
Arntfield is a Professor of Medicine and the Director of Critical Care Ultrasound Program & Fellowship at Western University, located in London, Ontario. He is also the Medical Director of the Critical Care Trauma Centre at London Health Sciences Centre.
In May 2020, Arntfield began work with a research team at Lawson Health Research Institute to investigate how artificial intelligence systems can be used to diagnose COVID-19 through patterns in lung scans. During the project, a study involved the real-time validation of a lung ultrasound learning model in intensive care units, demonstrating high accuracy in identifying B-line patterns in critically ill patients. This system also demonstrated high accuracy and surpassed physicians in detecting COVID-19 in lung ultrasounds. This system became the first product for his medical technology company, Deep Breathe, which he founded in 2021.
Arntfield is the founder and CEO of the medical technology company Breathe Deep. He founded Deep Breathe on the premise of democratizing medical ultrasound through increased use of point-of-care diagnostics and artificial intelligence automation. The company provides artificial intelligence software to automate the interpretation of medical images. The intended use is in conjunction with handheld, point-of-care lung ultrasound technology which the company purports can enable healthcare providers to diagnose various lung conditions with speed, accuracy, and objectivity. Currently, the software utilizes Deep Breathe’s archive of lung ultrasound images, which is the largest in the world and spans over a decade of clinical research.
Arntfield co-authored the textbook Point of Care Ultrasound. The book has received the British Medical Association’s President's Choice Award and was Highly Commended in Internal Medicine in 2015. His research has been published by the American College of Chest Physicians, Emergency Medical Clinics of North America, and the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Robert Arntfield is a Canadian intensivist, medical educator, researcher, and entrepreneur. His specialty is in cardiorespiratory physiology, resuscitation, and the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare. He is a Professor of Medicine and Director of Critical Care Ultrasound Program & Fellowship at Western University’s Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, and is the Medical Director of the Critical Care Trauma Centre at London Health Sciences Centre. He is also the founder of the medical technology company Deep Breathe.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Arntfield received an undergraduate degree in computer science and biochemistry from Queen’s University in 2000. He received his Doctor of Medicine degree from Western University in 2004. He has been board-certified in emergency medicine and critical care medicine.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Following the completion of his medical degree, Arntfield completed an ultrasound fellowship at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Arntfield is a Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer and holds a diplomate in adult echocardiography with the National Board of Echocardiography.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Arntfield is a Professor of Medicine and the Director of Critical Care Ultrasound Program & Fellowship at Western University, located in London, Ontario. He is also the Medical Director of the Critical Care Trauma Centre at London Health Sciences Centre.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In May 2020, Arntfield began work with a research team at Lawson Health Research Institute to investigate how artificial intelligence systems can be used to diagnose COVID-19 through patterns in lung scans. During the project, a study involved the real-time validation of a lung ultrasound learning model in intensive care units, demonstrating high accuracy in identifying B-line patterns in critically ill patients. This system also demonstrated high accuracy and surpassed physicians in detecting COVID-19 in lung ultrasounds. This system became the first product for his medical technology company, Deep Breathe, which he founded in 2021.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Arntfield is the founder and CEO of the medical technology company Breathe Deep. He founded Deep Breathe on the premise of democratizing medical ultrasound through increased use of point-of-care diagnostics and artificial intelligence automation. The company provides artificial intelligence software to automate the interpretation of medical images. The intended use is in conjunction with handheld, point-of-care lung ultrasound technology which the company purports can enable healthcare providers to diagnose various lung conditions with speed, accuracy, and objectivity. Currently, the software utilizes Deep Breathe’s archive of lung ultrasound images, which is the largest in the world and spans over a decade of clinical research.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Arntfield co-authored the textbook Point of Care Ultrasound. The book has received the British Medical Association’s President's Choice Award and was Highly Commended in Internal Medicine in 2015. His research has been published by the American College of Chest Physicians, Emergency Medical Clinics of North America, and the Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography.",
"title": "Publications"
}
] | Robert Arntfield is a Canadian intensivist, medical educator, researcher, and entrepreneur. His specialty is in cardiorespiratory physiology, resuscitation, and the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare. He is a Professor of Medicine and Director of Critical Care Ultrasound Program & Fellowship at Western University’s Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, and is the Medical Director of the Critical Care Trauma Centre at London Health Sciences Centre. He is also the founder of the medical technology company Deep Breathe. | 2023-12-07T18:19:26Z | 2023-12-26T17:28:51Z | [
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Url",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox physician",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Arntfield |
75,509,173 | Lanny Gordin | Alexander Gordin (28 November 1951 – 28 November 2023), better known as Lanny Gordin, was a Brazilian guitarist and composer who collaborated with artists such as Gal Costa, Gilberto Gil and Caetano Veloso, among others.
Alexander Gordin was born in Shanghai, to a Russian father and a Polish mother. He grew up in Israel until age six, when his family moved to Brazil. There, his father owned a nightclub, Stardust, in São Paulo. Gordin played live there for the first time with artists such as Hermeto Pascoal and Heraldo do Monte.
Lanny Gordin's first major works were with artists from Jovem Guarda. One of his recordings from this period is the song "Nem Sim, Nem Não", by Eduardo Araújo, recorded in 1968. Gordin then began to play with artists from Tropicália, recording the albums Gal Costa (1969), Gal (1969), LeGal (1970) and Fatal - A Todo Vapor (1971), with Gal Costa; Caetano Veloso (also known as Album Branco), by Caetano Veloso (1969); Gilberto Gil (1969) and Expresso 2222 (1972), by Gilberto Gil. He also played in Jards Macalé's 1972 self-titled album.
From the end of the 1970s until the 1990s, Gordin lived practically ostracized, mainly due to his mental health (Lanny had developed schizophrenia at a young age) and drug abuse. He had a comeback in 2001, recording his first solo album, "Lanny Gordin", by the label Baratos Afins. From 2002 on, he played with the band Projeto Alfa.
Gordin died in São Paulo on his birthday, 28 November 2023, at the age of 72. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Alexander Gordin (28 November 1951 – 28 November 2023), better known as Lanny Gordin, was a Brazilian guitarist and composer who collaborated with artists such as Gal Costa, Gilberto Gil and Caetano Veloso, among others.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Alexander Gordin was born in Shanghai, to a Russian father and a Polish mother. He grew up in Israel until age six, when his family moved to Brazil. There, his father owned a nightclub, Stardust, in São Paulo. Gordin played live there for the first time with artists such as Hermeto Pascoal and Heraldo do Monte.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Lanny Gordin's first major works were with artists from Jovem Guarda. One of his recordings from this period is the song \"Nem Sim, Nem Não\", by Eduardo Araújo, recorded in 1968. Gordin then began to play with artists from Tropicália, recording the albums Gal Costa (1969), Gal (1969), LeGal (1970) and Fatal - A Todo Vapor (1971), with Gal Costa; Caetano Veloso (also known as Album Branco), by Caetano Veloso (1969); Gilberto Gil (1969) and Expresso 2222 (1972), by Gilberto Gil. He also played in Jards Macalé's 1972 self-titled album.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "From the end of the 1970s until the 1990s, Gordin lived practically ostracized, mainly due to his mental health (Lanny had developed schizophrenia at a young age) and drug abuse. He had a comeback in 2001, recording his first solo album, \"Lanny Gordin\", by the label Baratos Afins. From 2002 on, he played with the band Projeto Alfa.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Gordin died in São Paulo on his birthday, 28 November 2023, at the age of 72.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Alexander Gordin, better known as Lanny Gordin, was a Brazilian guitarist and composer who collaborated with artists such as Gal Costa, Gilberto Gil and Caetano Veloso, among others. | 2023-12-07T18:20:36Z | 2023-12-26T15:35:46Z | [
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Sfn",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanny_Gordin |
75,509,177 | Zakir Hossain (footballer) | Zakir Hossain (Bengali: জাকির হোসেনে; born 10 December 1974) is a retired Bangladeshi footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He played for the Bangladesh national team from 1990 to 1999.
While training with Eastern Sporting Club, Zakir successfully trialed for the under-16 team of Mohammedan SC. In the same year, he was promoted to the senior team by coach Nasser Hejazi. In his Dhaka League debut, he came on as a substitute against BRTC Sports Club to score with his first touch. In 1990, he joined Abahani Limited Dhaka on a contract worth Tk 4.5 lakh. There, Zakir formed a midfield partnership with Russian midfielder Sergey Zhukov, which is deemed to be the main factor in the club's 1992 league triumph. In 1995, he joined Muktijoddha Sangsad KC on a contract worth Tk 12 lakh. In 1997, he returned to Abahani and was also appointed club captain. He was also part of the club's 2000 National Football League triumph, which marked the final trophy of his career.
Zakir made his international debut for the Bangladesh national team during the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing, China. In 1991, he represented the first Bangladesh U23 team during the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's Asian Qualifiers. In 1993, he represented the senior team during the President's Gold Cup and also scored in a 1–1 draw with Malaysia U23. He last appearances for the national team came during the 1999 SAFF Gold Cup in Goa, India.
On 30 September 2010, Zakir represented Abahani Limited Dhaka in a friendly match arranged by Channel i between Abahani and Mohammedan SC legends.
On 22 April 2014, Zakir's elder brother, Anwar Hossain died at the age of 70.
Mohammedan SC
Abahani Limited Dhaka | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Zakir Hossain (Bengali: জাকির হোসেনে; born 10 December 1974) is a retired Bangladeshi footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He played for the Bangladesh national team from 1990 to 1999.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "While training with Eastern Sporting Club, Zakir successfully trialed for the under-16 team of Mohammedan SC. In the same year, he was promoted to the senior team by coach Nasser Hejazi. In his Dhaka League debut, he came on as a substitute against BRTC Sports Club to score with his first touch. In 1990, he joined Abahani Limited Dhaka on a contract worth Tk 4.5 lakh. There, Zakir formed a midfield partnership with Russian midfielder Sergey Zhukov, which is deemed to be the main factor in the club's 1992 league triumph. In 1995, he joined Muktijoddha Sangsad KC on a contract worth Tk 12 lakh. In 1997, he returned to Abahani and was also appointed club captain. He was also part of the club's 2000 National Football League triumph, which marked the final trophy of his career.",
"title": "Club career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Zakir made his international debut for the Bangladesh national team during the 1990 Asian Games in Beijing, China. In 1991, he represented the first Bangladesh U23 team during the 1992 Summer Olympics – Men's Asian Qualifiers. In 1993, he represented the senior team during the President's Gold Cup and also scored in a 1–1 draw with Malaysia U23. He last appearances for the national team came during the 1999 SAFF Gold Cup in Goa, India.",
"title": "International career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On 30 September 2010, Zakir represented Abahani Limited Dhaka in a friendly match arranged by Channel i between Abahani and Mohammedan SC legends.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 22 April 2014, Zakir's elder brother, Anwar Hossain died at the age of 70.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Mohammedan SC",
"title": "Honours"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Abahani Limited Dhaka",
"title": "Honours"
}
] | Zakir Hossain is a retired Bangladeshi footballer who played as an attacking midfielder. He played for the Bangladesh national team from 1990 to 1999. | 2023-12-07T18:21:39Z | 2023-12-07T18:35:00Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox football biography",
"Template:Lang-bn",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cleanup link-rot"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zakir_Hossain_(footballer) |
75,509,179 | 2024 Pakistan Super League players draft | The player draft for the 2024 Pakistan Super League was held on 13 December 2023 at the National Cricket Academy, Lahore. Before the draft, teams were allowed to retain a maximum of eight players and make transfers.
The Pakistan Cricket Board announced that Quetta Gladiators will have the first pick in the draft. A total of 485 foreign players registered for the tournament.
Each team had the right to exercise one wildcard pick. Each team had a right-to-match card which allowed franchises to buy back a maximum of one player they have released by paying a set fee in each category.
Hasan Ali and Islamabad's first round silver pick were traded from Islamabad United to Karachi Kings in return for Imad Wasim and Karachi's second round silver pick. Iftikhar Ahmed and Quetta's first round platinum pick were traded from Quetta Gladiators to Multan Sultans in exchange for Rilee Rossouw and Multan's first round silver pick. Naseem Shah and Quetta's third round platinum pick were traded from Quetta Gladiators to Islamabad United in exchange for Mohammad Wasim, Abrar Ahmed and Islamabad's first round platinum pick. Shan Masood and Multan's fourth round silver pick were traded from Multan Sultans to Karachi Kings in exchange for Faisal Akram and Karachi's first round silver pick. Karachi and Multan also swapped their first round diamond picks.
On 7 December 2023, the retained player's list was announced. The franchises were allowed to retain a maximum of eight players from the previous season. All the franchises fully utilized their quota of player retentions apart from Multan Sultans.
The draft took place at the National Cricket Academy on 13 December 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The player draft for the 2024 Pakistan Super League was held on 13 December 2023 at the National Cricket Academy, Lahore. Before the draft, teams were allowed to retain a maximum of eight players and make transfers.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Pakistan Cricket Board announced that Quetta Gladiators will have the first pick in the draft. A total of 485 foreign players registered for the tournament.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Each team had the right to exercise one wildcard pick. Each team had a right-to-match card which allowed franchises to buy back a maximum of one player they have released by paying a set fee in each category.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Hasan Ali and Islamabad's first round silver pick were traded from Islamabad United to Karachi Kings in return for Imad Wasim and Karachi's second round silver pick. Iftikhar Ahmed and Quetta's first round platinum pick were traded from Quetta Gladiators to Multan Sultans in exchange for Rilee Rossouw and Multan's first round silver pick. Naseem Shah and Quetta's third round platinum pick were traded from Quetta Gladiators to Islamabad United in exchange for Mohammad Wasim, Abrar Ahmed and Islamabad's first round platinum pick. Shan Masood and Multan's fourth round silver pick were traded from Multan Sultans to Karachi Kings in exchange for Faisal Akram and Karachi's first round silver pick. Karachi and Multan also swapped their first round diamond picks.",
"title": "Transfers"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 7 December 2023, the retained player's list was announced. The franchises were allowed to retain a maximum of eight players from the previous season. All the franchises fully utilized their quota of player retentions apart from Multan Sultans.",
"title": "Retained players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The draft took place at the National Cricket Academy on 13 December 2023.",
"title": "Draft picks"
}
] | The player draft for the 2024 Pakistan Super League was held on 13 December 2023 at the National Cricket Academy, Lahore. Before the draft, teams were allowed to retain a maximum of eight players and make transfers. | 2023-12-07T18:21:47Z | 2023-12-19T07:45:35Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Pakistan Super League",
"Template:Use Pakistani English",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Notelist",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox sports draft",
"Template:Efn"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Pakistan_Super_League_players_draft |
75,509,198 | Departmental Council of Creuse | Departmental Council of Creuse (French: Conseil départemental de la Creuse) is the deliberative assembly of the French department of Creuse. Its headquarters is at Guéret.
Since 2015, the President of the Departmental Council is Valérie Simonet (LR). She was re-elected in the 2021 departmental elections.
The departmental council of Creuse includes 30 departmental councilors from the 15 cantons of Creuse. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Departmental Council of Creuse (French: Conseil départemental de la Creuse) is the deliberative assembly of the French department of Creuse. Its headquarters is at Guéret.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Since 2015, the President of the Departmental Council is Valérie Simonet (LR). She was re-elected in the 2021 departmental elections.",
"title": "Executive"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The departmental council of Creuse includes 30 departmental councilors from the 15 cantons of Creuse.",
"title": "Composition"
}
] | Departmental Council of Creuse is the deliberative assembly of the French department of Creuse. Its headquarters is at Guéret. | 2023-12-07T18:25:03Z | 2023-12-07T20:08:47Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Departmental Councils of France",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox legislature",
"Template:Lang-fr",
"Template:Party color cell",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Departmental_Council_of_Creuse |
75,509,210 | Robbie Douglas-Miller, Baron Douglas-Miller | Robert Peter Douglas-Miller, Baron Douglas-Miller, OBE (born January 1965), is a British landowner and life peer. He has served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Biosecurity, Animal Health and Welfare since December 2023 in the Sunak ministry.
Douglas-Miller was born in January 1965. His family once ran Jenners, a department store in Edinburgh.
From 2015 to 2022, Douglas-Miller was the chairman of the Atlantic Salmon Trust, which had Prince Charles as its patron and Alister Jack as a board member.
Douglas-Miller is the managing director of Moorfoot Capital Management, which owns farmland in Scotland.
On 1 December 2023, Douglas-Miller was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Biosecurity, Animal Health and Welfare, a junior ministerial office in the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, succeeding Lord Benyon in the Sunak ministry. He was created a life peer as Baron Douglas-Miller, of The Hopes in the County of East Lothian, on 15 December, and was introduced to the House of Lords on 18 December.
On 11 December, he announced that legislation would be introduced for the option to issue fixed penalty notices for various animal health and welfare offences, stating "I welcome penalty notices as an additional tool for our partners to use to encourage compliance with the law." On 14 December, legislation for a ban on keeping primates as pets was introduced, with Douglas-Miller saying "we have consistently led the world in raising the bar for animal welfare standards and this legislation is yet another step."
Douglas-Miller owns more than 4,000 acres (1,600 ha) of land in Scotland.
Douglas-Miller was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to wildlife conservation in Scotland. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Robert Peter Douglas-Miller, Baron Douglas-Miller, OBE (born January 1965), is a British landowner and life peer. He has served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Biosecurity, Animal Health and Welfare since December 2023 in the Sunak ministry.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Douglas-Miller was born in January 1965. His family once ran Jenners, a department store in Edinburgh.",
"title": "Early life and family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "From 2015 to 2022, Douglas-Miller was the chairman of the Atlantic Salmon Trust, which had Prince Charles as its patron and Alister Jack as a board member.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Douglas-Miller is the managing director of Moorfoot Capital Management, which owns farmland in Scotland.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 1 December 2023, Douglas-Miller was appointed Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Biosecurity, Animal Health and Welfare, a junior ministerial office in the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, succeeding Lord Benyon in the Sunak ministry. He was created a life peer as Baron Douglas-Miller, of The Hopes in the County of East Lothian, on 15 December, and was introduced to the House of Lords on 18 December.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On 11 December, he announced that legislation would be introduced for the option to issue fixed penalty notices for various animal health and welfare offences, stating \"I welcome penalty notices as an additional tool for our partners to use to encourage compliance with the law.\" On 14 December, legislation for a ban on keeping primates as pets was introduced, with Douglas-Miller saying \"we have consistently led the world in raising the bar for animal welfare standards and this legislation is yet another step.\"",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Douglas-Miller owns more than 4,000 acres (1,600 ha) of land in Scotland.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Douglas-Miller was appointed Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2021 New Year Honours for services to wildlife conservation in Scotland.",
"title": "Honours"
}
] | Robert Peter Douglas-Miller, Baron Douglas-Miller,, is a British landowner and life peer. He has served as Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State for Biosecurity, Animal Health and Welfare since December 2023 in the Sunak ministry. | 2023-12-07T18:26:30Z | 2023-12-24T21:08:45Z | [
"Template:Post-nominals",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:London Gazette",
"Template:S-fol",
"Template:S-end",
"Template:UK-gov-bio-stub",
"Template:S-bef",
"Template:S-ttl",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Notelist",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite Hansard",
"Template:S-start",
"Template:Life-peer-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Convert",
"Template:S-prec"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbie_Douglas-Miller,_Baron_Douglas-Miller |
75,509,221 | Asude Kalebek | Asude Selma Kalebek is a Turkish actress known for The Club.
Kalebek, who continues her education at Istanbul Boğaziçi University, played the lead character Raşel in the Club, one of Netflix's Turkish TV series, as her first project in 2021.
She is playing leading character, Naz, in the drama, Sakla Beni. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Asude Selma Kalebek is a Turkish actress known for The Club.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Kalebek, who continues her education at Istanbul Boğaziçi University, played the lead character Raşel in the Club, one of Netflix's Turkish TV series, as her first project in 2021.",
"title": "Her life and career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She is playing leading character, Naz, in the drama, Sakla Beni.",
"title": "Her life and career"
}
] | Asude Selma Kalebek is a Turkish actress known for The Club. | 2023-12-07T18:28:22Z | 2023-12-08T03:01:14Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Web kaynağı"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asude_Kalebek |
75,509,224 | Soares family | The Suares family was a Sephardic Jewish family who settled in Egypt. The family's three brothers, Raphael, Youssef, and Felix, became prominent in political and economic activity in Egypt and founded the Suares Foundation in 1857. They were credited with establishing many banks, in addition to participating with other Jewish families in Egypt's economy, including the Qatawi family and the Rollo family.
The Soares family, a Sephardic family of Spanish origin that settled in Egypt in the early 19th century and obtained French citizenship, consisted of 5 brothers, in addition to their sons, who contributed prominently to the Egyptian economy. The Sawaris family also owned stakes and shares in many companies, and many of its members held presidential and administrative positions in many of them. The father, Soares, died in 1848, and the family's eldest, Mordach, died in 1861. His brother Yaqoub died in 1865, Yusuf in 1900, their sister Alice in 1902, his brother Al-Hammam Al-Wajih in 1905, and Rafael Soares in 1902 .
Among the most prominent members of the family: Alice Sawaris, who married Youssef Qatawi Pasha and is the first runner-up to Queen Nazli, wife of King Fouad. Leon Soares (son of Felix Soares) took over the management of the Sheikh Fadl Land Company and the management of the Kom Ombo Valley Company. Upon his father's death, Leon left the Sawaris Foundation to succeed his father in the management of the National Bank and the Egyptian Land Bank.
The Sawaris family did not play a major role in the affairs of the Jewish community, with the exception of Edgar Sawaris, who assumed the presidency of the group in Alexandria in the period from 1914 to 1917.
The Sawas family founded the Sawas Foundation in 1875, which was a large company known in the field of transportation and building companies, and from it many railway companies, sugar companies, and other entertainment fields, among others, branched out, including:
The family founded Sawaris Bank in 1880, and it was re-established on August 10, 1936. Its main headquarters was in Alexandria, in addition to two branches in Cairo and Tanta. It served the cotton trade and insurance companies. Its capital reached 100 thousand pounds in July 1943, and it was headed by Jack Najjar. Its most prominent members are Carlos Soares, Freddie Sachs, and Youssef Qatawi.
Raphael Soares, in cooperation with the British Sir Ernest Castle, established the National Bank of Egypt on June 25, 1898, with a capital of one million British pounds. The bank's functions and business developed continuously throughout its history in accordance with the economic and political changes that the country went through. In the 1950s In the past, the bank carried out the functions of central banks and then, after its nationalization in the 1960s, devoted itself to the work of commercial banks, while continuing to perform the functions of the central bank in areas where the latter had no branches, in addition to undertaking, since the mid-1960s, the issuance and management of investment certificates for the state. This bank is the second bank in Egypt after the National Bank of Egypt and one of the oldest banks in Egypt. It was founded in 1880 under the name of the Egyptian Land Bank and was co-founded by Mousa Qatawi, Raphael Soares, and Robert Rollo. The bank's capital when it was founded was 40 million French francs, reaching 8 million pounds in 1942.
One of the squares was named “Soares Square” after the family, whose name later changed to Mustafa Kamel Square since 1939.
Sawaris founded the “Sawaris Passenger Vehicles” company, best known for its Sawaris wagons
To facilitate transportation from Cairo to Helwan, he issued a decree establishing the Helwan Railway in 1870, and it was completely completed in 1877. In 1899, Khedive Abbas Helmy II officially opened a new bathroom establishment built by the Egypt-Helwan Railway Company, and the institution was leased to the “George Nungovich” company. Khedive Abbas Helmy was on the board of the Fayoum Railway Company and the Delta Railway Board ( Which is followed by the Helwan-Bab El Louk railway line. After the establishment of Hammam Helwan in 1874 AD and to serve its visitors, Khedive Ismail completed the line from Tora to Helwan, so the first train trip set off from the citadel to Helwan in the year 1877. In 1879, Egypt was struck by a financial crisis and the removal of Khedive Ismail and his son Khedive Tawfiq took over the rule of Egypt. The government withdrew from development projects in Helwan and abandoned the city. The condition of the train deteriorated and its trips were reduced to only two trips per day. After the financial situation of the country stabilized, it was decided in 1888 to grant the Helwan concession to a private company made up of a number of wealthy people, including Moses Musiri, the Qatawi family, the Sawaris family, and other partners, so in 1890 they founded a company to manage this project. It was known as the “Metropolitan and Cairo-Helwan Railway” with a capital of 120,000 pounds sterling and was granted the right to extend a line from Tora to Bab El Louk. The first train began its journey on the modified line from Helwan to Bab El Louk on November 1, 1889. In 1891, the Council of Ministers approved granting a concession to the same company to extend a line from Helwan station to the Nile, passing through the Khedive Tawfiq Palace, for easy access to his yachts. In 1904, a contract was concluded to merge the "Metropolitan" Company into the Egyptian Delta Railway Company, so that all of the company's properties in Helwan became the property of the Delta Railway Company.
In 1890, he established the railway company from Assiut and extended the line to Girga, and extended railway lines from Damanhour to Al-Rahmaniyah, and from Shebin al-Kom to Menouf. And from Fayoum to Sinorus, and was handed over to the Egyptian government after its completion, with the condition that he benefit from the company's profits for 20 years.
In 1895, the railway was extended from Qena to Aswan.
In 1896, the Eastern Economic Railway Company was established and it made several contributions to extending railway lines throughout Egypt. It was then sold to the Delta Railway Company and merged with the Helwan Railway Company.
And financing the construction of the Aswan reservoir. Sawaris also partnered with Castle and the Qatawi family to purchase 300,000 acres of Sunni Circle land and resell it to major landlords and real estate companies. Sawaris also participated with French capital in establishing the All Egyptian Sugar and Refining Factories Company in 1897, which was included in the Wadi Kom Ombo Joint Stock Company in 1905. It was one of the largest joint projects between Qatawi, Sawaris, Rollo and Manasseh companies, and it was one of the largest agricultural companies in Egypt.
The family owned large areas of agricultural land and construction land in central Cairo, where one of the squares was named Sawaris Square (now Mostafa Kamel). The family purchased the Sheikh Fadl inspection office from the Sunni Department in 1892, and the Badrashin lands inspection. They also established the Sunni Department Company in 1898, which purchased the Sunni Department lands, which amounted to 300 thousand acres of the best agricultural land in Egypt, for an amount of six million and four hundred thousand Egyptian pounds, which is the value of the debt that It was on the circuit.
Swaris is a name given to carts pulled by mules or horses. They were used as a means of transportation to transport passengers in the late nineteenth century and disappeared in the early twentieth century. This means came as a natural development for the use of donkeys and mules for individual transportation, which prompted a group of people to think about creating a means of transportation that could accommodate a larger number of people and be in the form of a wooden cart pulled by mules and horses. It was called “Emnibus.”
As for the name “Suares,” it was given by passengers and citizens in reference to Its owner. A carriage rides on it wearing a fez, a yellow suit, and a copper plate on his chest with his name and number. The fare for the ride was 3 millimes. Immediately after the appearance of the swaras on the streets of Cairo, the drivers of Karoo vehicles were affected, which was the only means of transportation before the appearance of the swaras. The Sawaris had more than one line: the line of the citadel, our Master Al-Hussein, passing through the Maghreblin and the Mutawali Gate, the line of the citadel, Sayyida Zeinab, passing through the Observed Basin and Pharaoh's Pool, and the line of our Lady to our master Al-Hussein.
The Sawaris hit me, Mr. Al-Sayyid | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Suares family was a Sephardic Jewish family who settled in Egypt. The family's three brothers, Raphael, Youssef, and Felix, became prominent in political and economic activity in Egypt and founded the Suares Foundation in 1857. They were credited with establishing many banks, in addition to participating with other Jewish families in Egypt's economy, including the Qatawi family and the Rollo family.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Soares family, a Sephardic family of Spanish origin that settled in Egypt in the early 19th century and obtained French citizenship, consisted of 5 brothers, in addition to their sons, who contributed prominently to the Egyptian economy. The Sawaris family also owned stakes and shares in many companies, and many of its members held presidential and administrative positions in many of them. The father, Soares, died in 1848, and the family's eldest, Mordach, died in 1861. His brother Yaqoub died in 1865, Yusuf in 1900, their sister Alice in 1902, his brother Al-Hammam Al-Wajih in 1905, and Rafael Soares in 1902 .",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Among the most prominent members of the family: Alice Sawaris, who married Youssef Qatawi Pasha and is the first runner-up to Queen Nazli, wife of King Fouad. Leon Soares (son of Felix Soares) took over the management of the Sheikh Fadl Land Company and the management of the Kom Ombo Valley Company. Upon his father's death, Leon left the Sawaris Foundation to succeed his father in the management of the National Bank and the Egyptian Land Bank.",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Sawaris family did not play a major role in the affairs of the Jewish community, with the exception of Edgar Sawaris, who assumed the presidency of the group in Alexandria in the period from 1914 to 1917.",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Sawas family founded the Sawas Foundation in 1875, which was a large company known in the field of transportation and building companies, and from it many railway companies, sugar companies, and other entertainment fields, among others, branched out, including:",
"title": "Family contributions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The family founded Sawaris Bank in 1880, and it was re-established on August 10, 1936. Its main headquarters was in Alexandria, in addition to two branches in Cairo and Tanta. It served the cotton trade and insurance companies. Its capital reached 100 thousand pounds in July 1943, and it was headed by Jack Najjar. Its most prominent members are Carlos Soares, Freddie Sachs, and Youssef Qatawi.",
"title": "Family contributions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Raphael Soares, in cooperation with the British Sir Ernest Castle, established the National Bank of Egypt on June 25, 1898, with a capital of one million British pounds. The bank's functions and business developed continuously throughout its history in accordance with the economic and political changes that the country went through. In the 1950s In the past, the bank carried out the functions of central banks and then, after its nationalization in the 1960s, devoted itself to the work of commercial banks, while continuing to perform the functions of the central bank in areas where the latter had no branches, in addition to undertaking, since the mid-1960s, the issuance and management of investment certificates for the state. This bank is the second bank in Egypt after the National Bank of Egypt and one of the oldest banks in Egypt. It was founded in 1880 under the name of the Egyptian Land Bank and was co-founded by Mousa Qatawi, Raphael Soares, and Robert Rollo. The bank's capital when it was founded was 40 million French francs, reaching 8 million pounds in 1942.",
"title": "Family contributions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "One of the squares was named “Soares Square” after the family, whose name later changed to Mustafa Kamel Square since 1939.",
"title": "Family contributions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Sawaris founded the “Sawaris Passenger Vehicles” company, best known for its Sawaris wagons",
"title": "Family contributions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "To facilitate transportation from Cairo to Helwan, he issued a decree establishing the Helwan Railway in 1870, and it was completely completed in 1877. In 1899, Khedive Abbas Helmy II officially opened a new bathroom establishment built by the Egypt-Helwan Railway Company, and the institution was leased to the “George Nungovich” company. Khedive Abbas Helmy was on the board of the Fayoum Railway Company and the Delta Railway Board ( Which is followed by the Helwan-Bab El Louk railway line. After the establishment of Hammam Helwan in 1874 AD and to serve its visitors, Khedive Ismail completed the line from Tora to Helwan, so the first train trip set off from the citadel to Helwan in the year 1877. In 1879, Egypt was struck by a financial crisis and the removal of Khedive Ismail and his son Khedive Tawfiq took over the rule of Egypt. The government withdrew from development projects in Helwan and abandoned the city. The condition of the train deteriorated and its trips were reduced to only two trips per day. After the financial situation of the country stabilized, it was decided in 1888 to grant the Helwan concession to a private company made up of a number of wealthy people, including Moses Musiri, the Qatawi family, the Sawaris family, and other partners, so in 1890 they founded a company to manage this project. It was known as the “Metropolitan and Cairo-Helwan Railway” with a capital of 120,000 pounds sterling and was granted the right to extend a line from Tora to Bab El Louk. The first train began its journey on the modified line from Helwan to Bab El Louk on November 1, 1889. In 1891, the Council of Ministers approved granting a concession to the same company to extend a line from Helwan station to the Nile, passing through the Khedive Tawfiq Palace, for easy access to his yachts. In 1904, a contract was concluded to merge the \"Metropolitan\" Company into the Egyptian Delta Railway Company, so that all of the company's properties in Helwan became the property of the Delta Railway Company.",
"title": "Family contributions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In 1890, he established the railway company from Assiut and extended the line to Girga, and extended railway lines from Damanhour to Al-Rahmaniyah, and from Shebin al-Kom to Menouf. And from Fayoum to Sinorus, and was handed over to the Egyptian government after its completion, with the condition that he benefit from the company's profits for 20 years.",
"title": "Delta Railway"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 1895, the railway was extended from Qena to Aswan.",
"title": "Delta Railway"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In 1896, the Eastern Economic Railway Company was established and it made several contributions to extending railway lines throughout Egypt. It was then sold to the Delta Railway Company and merged with the Helwan Railway Company.",
"title": "Delta Railway"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "And financing the construction of the Aswan reservoir. Sawaris also partnered with Castle and the Qatawi family to purchase 300,000 acres of Sunni Circle land and resell it to major landlords and real estate companies. Sawaris also participated with French capital in establishing the All Egyptian Sugar and Refining Factories Company in 1897, which was included in the Wadi Kom Ombo Joint Stock Company in 1905. It was one of the largest joint projects between Qatawi, Sawaris, Rollo and Manasseh companies, and it was one of the largest agricultural companies in Egypt.",
"title": "Agriculture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The family owned large areas of agricultural land and construction land in central Cairo, where one of the squares was named Sawaris Square (now Mostafa Kamel). The family purchased the Sheikh Fadl inspection office from the Sunni Department in 1892, and the Badrashin lands inspection. They also established the Sunni Department Company in 1898, which purchased the Sunni Department lands, which amounted to 300 thousand acres of the best agricultural land in Egypt, for an amount of six million and four hundred thousand Egyptian pounds, which is the value of the debt that It was on the circuit.",
"title": "Agriculture"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Swaris is a name given to carts pulled by mules or horses. They were used as a means of transportation to transport passengers in the late nineteenth century and disappeared in the early twentieth century. This means came as a natural development for the use of donkeys and mules for individual transportation, which prompted a group of people to think about creating a means of transportation that could accommodate a larger number of people and be in the form of a wooden cart pulled by mules and horses. It was called “Emnibus.”",
"title": "Swars wagons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "As for the name “Suares,” it was given by passengers and citizens in reference to Its owner. A carriage rides on it wearing a fez, a yellow suit, and a copper plate on his chest with his name and number. The fare for the ride was 3 millimes. Immediately after the appearance of the swaras on the streets of Cairo, the drivers of Karoo vehicles were affected, which was the only means of transportation before the appearance of the swaras. The Sawaris had more than one line: the line of the citadel, our Master Al-Hussein, passing through the Maghreblin and the Mutawali Gate, the line of the citadel, Sayyida Zeinab, passing through the Observed Basin and Pharaoh's Pool, and the line of our Lady to our master Al-Hussein.",
"title": "Swars wagons"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The Sawaris hit me, Mr. Al-Sayyid",
"title": "Swars wagons"
}
] | The Suares family was a Sephardic Jewish family who settled in Egypt. The family's three brothers, Raphael, Youssef, and Felix, became prominent in political and economic activity in Egypt and founded the Suares Foundation in 1857. They were credited with establishing many banks, in addition to participating with other Jewish families in Egypt's economy, including the Qatawi family and the Rollo family. | 2023-12-07T18:28:55Z | 2023-12-14T18:24:11Z | [
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox historical era",
"Template:Citation needed",
"Template:Blockquote",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soares_family |
75,509,233 | Loving Adults | Loving Adults (Danish: Kærlighed for voksne) is a 2022 Danish drama film directed by Barbara Topsøe-Rothenborg. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Loving Adults (Danish: Kærlighed for voksne) is a 2022 Danish drama film directed by Barbara Topsøe-Rothenborg.",
"title": ""
}
] | Loving Adults is a 2022 Danish drama film directed by Barbara Topsøe-Rothenborg. | 2023-12-07T18:30:48Z | 2023-12-07T18:53:29Z | [
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Rotten Tomatoes",
"Template:Denmark-film-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Lang-da",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loving_Adults |
75,509,236 | Efisio Cugia | Efisio Cugia di Sant'Orsola (Cagliari, 27 April 1818 – Rome, 13 February 1872) was an Italian general and politician.
Born into a family of Sardinian nobility, he embarked on a military career. After completing his studies at the it: Accademia Reale di Torino, he was appointed Second Lieutenant in the artillery. In 1848 he participated in the first Italian War of Independence and on May 30, in the battle of Goito, he was wounded, which earned him a silver medal of military valor. He went on to earn a second at the battle of Novara.
During the Second Italian War of Independence. he fought alongside General Enrico Cialdini in the IV division, earning the knight's cross in the Military Order of Savoy for his bravery at the battle of Palestro. After the armistice of Villafranca, he was assigned by king Vittorio Emanuele II to organize the military college of Milan.
General in 1860, he was chosen as chief of staff of the army corps; appointed on 12 December of the same year as director for war affairs in southern Italy, relinquishing this post to Genova Giovanni Thaon di Revel when Vittorio Emanuele II, assigned him instead the position of extraordinary commissioner in Sicily, which he held until 21 August 1862.
In 1866 he commanded the VIII Division at the Battle of Custoza as a lieutenant general. Subsequently, up to his death in 1872, Cugia held the office of first aide-de-camp to the then crown prince, and later king, Umberto I.
During the fifth legislature of the Subalpine Parliament he was elected to represent the constituency of Lanusei, which renewed his mandate also in the sixth. In the seventh he represented Senorbì. In the eighth legislature - the first of the new Kingdom of Italy - he returned to Lanusei, while in the ninth, tenth and eleventh he chose Macomer, although he was also re-elected several times in Lanusei.
He was Prefect of Palermo, in charge of infantry and cavalry weapons during the ministry led by Manfredo Fanti. He held the position of Minister of the Navy in the first Minghetti government from 20 April 1863. As Navy Minister he instituted a school of cannonry on board the frigate Partenope and commissioned two armoured gunboats, later named the Alfredo Cappellini and the Faà di Bruno.
He then served as Minister of War in the second Ricasoli government from 22 August 1866. Under his administration, the War School was established in Turin. He also established a commission of enquiry into the reasons for the poor military performance in the Third Italian War of Independence.
Cugia died in Rome on 13 February 1872. He was buried in the family chapel in the monumental cemetery of Bonaria in Cagliari. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Efisio Cugia di Sant'Orsola (Cagliari, 27 April 1818 – Rome, 13 February 1872) was an Italian general and politician.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Born into a family of Sardinian nobility, he embarked on a military career. After completing his studies at the it: Accademia Reale di Torino, he was appointed Second Lieutenant in the artillery. In 1848 he participated in the first Italian War of Independence and on May 30, in the battle of Goito, he was wounded, which earned him a silver medal of military valor. He went on to earn a second at the battle of Novara.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "During the Second Italian War of Independence. he fought alongside General Enrico Cialdini in the IV division, earning the knight's cross in the Military Order of Savoy for his bravery at the battle of Palestro. After the armistice of Villafranca, he was assigned by king Vittorio Emanuele II to organize the military college of Milan.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "General in 1860, he was chosen as chief of staff of the army corps; appointed on 12 December of the same year as director for war affairs in southern Italy, relinquishing this post to Genova Giovanni Thaon di Revel when Vittorio Emanuele II, assigned him instead the position of extraordinary commissioner in Sicily, which he held until 21 August 1862.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1866 he commanded the VIII Division at the Battle of Custoza as a lieutenant general. Subsequently, up to his death in 1872, Cugia held the office of first aide-de-camp to the then crown prince, and later king, Umberto I.",
"title": "Military career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "During the fifth legislature of the Subalpine Parliament he was elected to represent the constituency of Lanusei, which renewed his mandate also in the sixth. In the seventh he represented Senorbì. In the eighth legislature - the first of the new Kingdom of Italy - he returned to Lanusei, while in the ninth, tenth and eleventh he chose Macomer, although he was also re-elected several times in Lanusei.",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "He was Prefect of Palermo, in charge of infantry and cavalry weapons during the ministry led by Manfredo Fanti. He held the position of Minister of the Navy in the first Minghetti government from 20 April 1863. As Navy Minister he instituted a school of cannonry on board the frigate Partenope and commissioned two armoured gunboats, later named the Alfredo Cappellini and the Faà di Bruno.",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "He then served as Minister of War in the second Ricasoli government from 22 August 1866. Under his administration, the War School was established in Turin. He also established a commission of enquiry into the reasons for the poor military performance in the Third Italian War of Independence.",
"title": "Political career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Cugia died in Rome on 13 February 1872. He was buried in the family chapel in the monumental cemetery of Bonaria in Cagliari.",
"title": "Political career"
}
] | Efisio Cugia di Sant'Orsola was an Italian general and politician. | 2023-12-07T18:31:33Z | 2023-12-26T14:31:58Z | [
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efisio_Cugia |
75,509,245 | Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi | Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi (born March 1974) is an Indian Islamic scholar, mufti, and writer. He has been serving as a teacher at Darul Uloom Deoband since 2008.
Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi was born in March 1974 in his maternal village, Jhamta, in the Saharsa district of the Indian state of Bihar.
He received his primary and secondary education at Madrasa Maarif Uloom Jhagarua, Darbhanga, Madrasa Falah Al-Muslimeen, Bikram, Bihar, Madrasa Qasim Uloom, Mungarawan, Azamgarh, and Madrasa Riyazul Uloom, Guraini, Jaunpur.
In 1996, he completed his graduation in Dars-e-Nuzami from Darul Uloom Deoband. In 1997 and 1999, he completed his postgraduate courses in Islamic jurisprudence from there, respectively. At the Deoband seminary, his teachers included Mahmood Hasan Gangohi, Nizamuddin Azami, Abdul Haq Azmi, Nematullah Azami, Habibur Rahman Khairabadi, Zafeeruddin Miftahi, Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri, Arshad Madani, and Usman Mansoorpuri.
From 1999 to 2000, he was an assistant teacher at Darul Uloom Deoband. Between 2000 and 2008, he served as a teacher and Deputy Mufti at Darul Uloom, Hyderabad. He was appointed to Darul Uloom Deoband in 1430 AH (2008 AD) as a teacher and has been teaching there ever since.
He holds an MA, MPhil, and PhD in Urdu from Maulana Azad National Urdu University in Hyderabad. His M.Phil. thesis was titled Chand Muntakhab Ulama-e-Deoband Ki Shayari Ka Tajziyāti Mutāla'a (transl. Analytical Study of Poetry of a Few Selected Scholars of Deoband), which consisted of an analytical study of the published poetry of Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi, Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani, and Riyasat Ali Zafar Bajnori. Also, his PhD thesis was entitled Ulama E Deoband Ki Swaneh Umriyon Ka Tanqeedi Tajziya Azadi Se Qabl (transl. A critical review of Deobandi scholars' Urdu biographies [pre-independence]). More than 250 of his articles have been published in national and foreign magazines and newspapers.
His works include: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi (born March 1974) is an Indian Islamic scholar, mufti, and writer. He has been serving as a teacher at Darul Uloom Deoband since 2008.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi was born in March 1974 in his maternal village, Jhamta, in the Saharsa district of the Indian state of Bihar.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He received his primary and secondary education at Madrasa Maarif Uloom Jhagarua, Darbhanga, Madrasa Falah Al-Muslimeen, Bikram, Bihar, Madrasa Qasim Uloom, Mungarawan, Azamgarh, and Madrasa Riyazul Uloom, Guraini, Jaunpur.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1996, he completed his graduation in Dars-e-Nuzami from Darul Uloom Deoband. In 1997 and 1999, he completed his postgraduate courses in Islamic jurisprudence from there, respectively. At the Deoband seminary, his teachers included Mahmood Hasan Gangohi, Nizamuddin Azami, Abdul Haq Azmi, Nematullah Azami, Habibur Rahman Khairabadi, Zafeeruddin Miftahi, Saeed Ahmad Palanpuri, Arshad Madani, and Usman Mansoorpuri.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "From 1999 to 2000, he was an assistant teacher at Darul Uloom Deoband. Between 2000 and 2008, he served as a teacher and Deputy Mufti at Darul Uloom, Hyderabad. He was appointed to Darul Uloom Deoband in 1430 AH (2008 AD) as a teacher and has been teaching there ever since.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "He holds an MA, MPhil, and PhD in Urdu from Maulana Azad National Urdu University in Hyderabad. His M.Phil. thesis was titled Chand Muntakhab Ulama-e-Deoband Ki Shayari Ka Tajziyāti Mutāla'a (transl. Analytical Study of Poetry of a Few Selected Scholars of Deoband), which consisted of an analytical study of the published poetry of Muhammad Tayyib Qasmi, Kafilur Rahman Nishat Usmani, and Riyasat Ali Zafar Bajnori. Also, his PhD thesis was entitled Ulama E Deoband Ki Swaneh Umriyon Ka Tanqeedi Tajziya Azadi Se Qabl (transl. A critical review of Deobandi scholars' Urdu biographies [pre-independence]). More than 250 of his articles have been published in national and foreign magazines and newspapers.",
"title": "Literary works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "His works include:",
"title": "Literary works"
}
] | Ishtiaque Ahmad Qasmi is an Indian Islamic scholar, mufti, and writer. He has been serving as a teacher at Darul Uloom Deoband since 2008. | 2023-12-07T18:33:05Z | 2023-12-25T01:57:51Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Refbegin",
"Template:Refend",
"Template:Infobox scholar",
"Template:Sfn",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite thesis",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Translation"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishtiaque_Ahmad_Qasmi |
75,509,298 | 2023–24 College Football Playoff | The 2023–24 College Football Playoff is a single-elimination bracket invitational tournament to determine the national champion of the 2023 college football season.
The playoff bracket's semifinal games will be held at the Rose Bowl and Sugar Bowl on New Year's Day, part of the season's slate of bowl games. The winners will face off in the 2024 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 8th in Houston, Texas.
This playoff will be the last to use a four-team bracket, with the College Football Playoff set to expand to 12 teams in 2024. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2023–24 College Football Playoff is a single-elimination bracket invitational tournament to determine the national champion of the 2023 college football season.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The playoff bracket's semifinal games will be held at the Rose Bowl and Sugar Bowl on New Year's Day, part of the season's slate of bowl games. The winners will face off in the 2024 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 8th in Houston, Texas.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "This playoff will be the last to use a four-team bracket, with the College Football Playoff set to expand to 12 teams in 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | The 2023–24 College Football Playoff is a single-elimination bracket invitational tournament to determine the national champion of the 2023 college football season. The playoff bracket's semifinal games will be held at the Rose Bowl and Sugar Bowl on New Year's Day, part of the season's slate of bowl games. The winners will face off in the 2024 College Football Playoff National Championship on January 8th in Houston, Texas. This playoff will be the last to use a four-team bracket, with the College Football Playoff set to expand to 12 teams in 2024. | 2023-12-07T18:44:18Z | 2023-12-14T19:18:58Z | [
"Template:2024 College Football Playoff",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:2023 bowl game navbox",
"Template:College Football Playoff navbox",
"Template:Collegefootball-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%E2%80%9324_College_Football_Playoff |
75,509,300 | 2012 World Sledge Hockey Challenge | The 2012 World Sledge Hockey Challenge was the sixth edition of the semi-annual international event hosted by Hockey Canada. The event was hosted in Calgary, Alberta.
The same 4 teams would compete for the fifth straight tournament.
Japan 0 Canada 11
Norway 1 USA 3
USA 8 Japan 0
Canada 4 Norway 1
Norway 1 Japan 0 (OT)
Canada 2 USA 1
Japan 0 Canada 10
Norway 1 USA 4
Japan 0 Norway 5
Canada 0 USA 1
World Hockey Challenge Record and Guide Book | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2012 World Sledge Hockey Challenge was the sixth edition of the semi-annual international event hosted by Hockey Canada. The event was hosted in Calgary, Alberta.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The same 4 teams would compete for the fifth straight tournament.",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Japan 0 Canada 11",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Norway 1 USA 3",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "USA 8 Japan 0",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Canada 4 Norway 1",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Norway 1 Japan 0 (OT)",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Canada 2 USA 1",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Japan 0 Canada 10",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Norway 1 USA 4",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Japan 0 Norway 5",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Canada 0 USA 1",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "World Hockey Challenge Record and Guide Book",
"title": "2012 Tournament"
}
] | The 2012 World Sledge Hockey Challenge was the sixth edition of the semi-annual international event hosted by Hockey Canada. The event was hosted in Calgary, Alberta. | 2023-12-07T18:44:31Z | 2023-12-07T20:02:36Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox international hockey competition",
"Template:Hockey Canada"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_World_Sledge_Hockey_Challenge |
75,509,354 | Burtons Grill & Bar | Burtons Grill & Bar is an American casual dining restaurant chain headquartered in Andover, Massachusetts, specializing in contemporary American cuisine. It operates 19 restaurants along the East Coast of the United States.
The first Burtons Grill & Bar opened in 2005 in Hingham, Massachusetts. It gradually expanded to 19 other locations on the East Coast.
Cofounder and CEO Kevin Harron has celiac disease, and restaurants in the chain maintain extensive protocols for serving guests with food allergies and dietary restrictions and provide a dedicated gluten-free menu.
All restaurants in the chain underwent a redesign in 2016.
In 2022, the restaurant in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts held an autism welcoming event.
As of December 2023, Burtons Grill & Bar has 19 locations in Connecticut, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New Hampshire, South Carolina and Virginia. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Burtons Grill & Bar is an American casual dining restaurant chain headquartered in Andover, Massachusetts, specializing in contemporary American cuisine. It operates 19 restaurants along the East Coast of the United States.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The first Burtons Grill & Bar opened in 2005 in Hingham, Massachusetts. It gradually expanded to 19 other locations on the East Coast.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Cofounder and CEO Kevin Harron has celiac disease, and restaurants in the chain maintain extensive protocols for serving guests with food allergies and dietary restrictions and provide a dedicated gluten-free menu.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "All restaurants in the chain underwent a redesign in 2016.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2022, the restaurant in Shrewsbury, Massachusetts held an autism welcoming event.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "As of December 2023, Burtons Grill & Bar has 19 locations in Connecticut, Florida, Maryland, Massachusetts, North Carolina, New Hampshire, South Carolina and Virginia.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Burtons Grill & Bar is an American casual dining restaurant chain headquartered in Andover, Massachusetts, specializing in contemporary American cuisine. It operates 19 restaurants along the East Coast of the United States. | 2023-12-07T18:51:25Z | 2023-12-28T04:53:42Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox company",
"Template:As of"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burtons_Grill_%26_Bar |
75,509,363 | Republic of Egypt (1953) | The Republic of Egypt (1953–1958), was a state forged in 1953 under the rule of Mohammed Naguib following the Egyptian revolution of 1952 in which the Kingdom of Egypt's Muhammad Ali dynasty came to an end.
The territory of the state compromised modern day Egypt as well as the Gaza Strip, governed by the All-Palestine Protectorate. The territory also included modern day Sudan and South Sudan until 1956 when the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Condominium was abolished, granting the Republic of The Sudan independence.
The Arab Republic of Egypt was created following the Egyptian revolution of 1952 led by the Free Officers, a group of Army Officers who wanted to overthrow King Farouk and abolish the Muhammad Ali dynasty in Egypt which was led by Mohamed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser.
The Free Officers's goals were to Abolish the Kingdom of Egypt, to establish a republic, end the British Occupation of Egypt including the Suez Canal, and to secure the independence of Sudan from the British, who governed it as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. The revolutionary government adopted a staunchly nationalist, anti-imperialist agenda, which came to be expressed chiefly through Arab nationalism, and international non-alignment.
The revolution was faced with immediate threats from Western imperial powers, particularly the United Kingdom, which had occupied Egypt since 1882, and France, both of whom were wary of rising nationalist sentiment in territories under their control throughout Africa and the Arab world. The ongoing State of War with Israel also posed a serious challenge, as the Free Officers increased Egypt's already strong support of the Palestinians. These two issues conflated four years after the revolution when Egypt was invaded by Britain, France, and Israel in the Suez Crisis of 1956. Despite enormous military losses, the war was seen as a political victory for Egypt, especially as it left the Suez Canal in uncontested Egyptian control for the first time since 1875, erasing what was seen as a mark of national humiliation. This strengthened the appeal of the revolution in other Arab and African countries.
While the Free Officers planned to overthrow the monarchy on 2–3 August, they decided to make their move earlier after their official leader, Muhammad Naguib, gained knowledge, leaked from the Egyptian cabinet on 19 July, that King Farouk acquired a list of the dissenting officers and was set to arrest them. The officers thus decided to launch a preemptive strike and after finalizing their plans in meeting at the home of Khaled Mohieddin, they began their coup on the night of 22 July. Mohieddin stayed in his home and Anwar Sadat went to the cinema.
Meanwhile, the chairman of the Free Officers, Gamal Abdel Nasser, contacted the Muslim Brotherhood and the Communist Democratic Movement for National Liberation to assure their support. On the morning of 23 July, he and Abdel Hakim Amer left Mohieddin's home in civilian clothes and drove around Cairo in Nasser's automobile to collect men to arrest key royalist commanders before they reached their barracks and gain control over their soldiers. As they approached the el-Qoba Bridge, an artillery unit led by Youssef Seddik met with them before he led his battalion to take control the Military General Headquarters to arrest the royalist army chief of staff, Hussein Sirri Amer and all the other commanders who were present in the building. At 6:00 am the Free Officers Air force units began patrolling Cairo's skies.
By the 25th of July, the army had occupied Alexandria, where the King was in residence at the Montaza Palace. Terrified, Farouk abandoned Montaza and fled to Ras Al-Teen Palace on the waterfront. Naguib ordered the captain of Farouk's yacht, al-Mahrusa, not to sail without orders from the army.
Debate broke out among the Free Officers concerning the fate of the deposed King. While some (including Gen. Naguib and Nasser) thought that the best course of action was to send him into exile, others argued that he should be put on trial or executed. Finally, the order came for Farouk to abdicate in favour of his son, Crown prince Ahmed Fuad – who was acceded to the throne as King Fuad II – and a three-man Regency Council was appointed. The former king's departure into exile came on Saturday, 26 July 1952 and at 6 o'clock that evening he set sail for Italy with protection from the Egyptian Army. On 28 July 1953, Muhammad Naguib became the first President of Egypt, which marked the beginning of modern Egyptian Governance.
Following the 1952 Revolution by the Free Officers Movement, the rule of Egypt passed to Military hands and all political parties were banned. On 18 June 1953, the Egyptian Republic of Egypt was declared, with General Muhammad Naguib as the first president of the Republic, serving in that capacity for a little under one and a half years until he was placed under house arrest by Gamal Abdel Nasser after a brief power struggle.
Naguib was forced to resign in 1954 by Gamal Abdel Nasser – a Pan-Arabist and the main architect of the 1952 movement – and was later put under house arrest. After Naguib's resignation, the position of President was vacant until the election of Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1956.
After the three-year transition period ended with Nasser's official assumption of power, his domestic and independent foreign policies increasingly collided with the regional interests of the UK and France. The latter condemned his strong support for Algerian independence, and the UK's Eden government was agitated by Nasser's campaign against the Baghdad Pact. In addition, Nasser's adherence to neutralism regarding the Cold War, recognition of Communist China, and arms deal with the Eastern bloc alienated the United States. On 19 July 1956, the US and UK abruptly withdrew their offer to finance construction of the Aswan Dam, citing concerns that Egypt's economy would be overwhelmed by the project.
In October 1954, Egypt and the British Empire agreed to abolish the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement of 1899 and grant Sudan independence to become the Republic of The Sudan; the agreement came into force on 1 January 1956.
Nasser assumed power as president in June 1956. British forces completed their withdrawal from the occupied Suez Canal Zone on 13 June 1956. He nationalised the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956; his hostile approach towards Israel and economic nationalism prompted the beginning of the Second Arab-Israeli War (Suez Crisis), in which Israel (with support from France and the United Kingdom) occupied the Sinai Peninsula and the Canal. The war came to an end because of US and USSR diplomatic intervention, and the status quo was restored. On 26 July 1956, Nasser gave a speech in Alexandria announcing the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company as a means to fund the Aswan Dam project in light of the British–American withdrawal. In the speech, he denounced British imperialism in Egypt and British control over the company's profits, and upheld that the Egyptians had a right to sovereignty over the waterway, especially since "120,000 Egyptians had died building it". The motion was technically in breach of the international agreement he had signed with the UK on 19 October 1954, although he ensured that all existing stockholders would be paid off.
The nationalization announcement was greeted very emotionally by the audience and, throughout the Arab world, thousands entered the streets shouting slogans of support. US ambassador Henry A. Byroade stated, "I cannot overemphasize [the] popularity of the Canal Company nationalization within Egypt, even among Nasser's enemies." Egyptian political scientist Mahmoud Hamad wrote that, prior to 1956, Nasser had consolidated control over Egypt's military and civilian bureaucracies, but it was only after the canal's nationalization that he gained near-total popular legitimacy and firmly established himself as the "charismatic leader" and "spokesman for the masses not only in Egypt, but all over the Third World". According to Aburish, this was Nasser's largest pan-Arab triumph at the time and "soon his pictures were to be found in the tents of Yemen, the souks of Marrakesh, and the posh villas of Syria". The official reason given for the nationalization was that funds from the canal would be used for the construction of the dam in Aswan. That same day, Egypt closed the canal to Israeli shipping.
The nationalisation surprised Britain and its Commonwealth. There had been no discussion of the canal at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference in London in late June and early July. Egypt's action, however, threatened British economic and military interests in the region. Prime Minister Eden was under immense domestic pressure from Conservative MPs who drew direct comparisons between the events of 1956 and those of the Munich Agreement in 1938. Since the U.S. government did not support the British protests, the British government decided in favour of military intervention against Egypt to avoid the complete collapse of British prestige in the region.
Eden was hosting a dinner for King Faisal II of Iraq and his Prime Minister, Nuri al-Said, when he learned the canal had been nationalised. They both unequivocally advised Eden to "hit Nasser hard, hit him soon, and hit him by yourself" – a stance shared by the vast majority of the British people in subsequent weeks. "There is a lot of humbug about Suez," Guy Millard, one of Eden's private secretaries, later recorded. "People forget that the policy at the time was extremely popular." Opposition leader Hugh Gaitskell was also at the dinner. He immediately agreed that military action might be inevitable, but warned Eden would have to keep the Americans closely informed. After a session of the House of Commons expressed anger against the Egyptian action on 27 July, Eden justifiably believed that Parliament would support him; Gaitskell spoke for his party when he called the nationalisation a "high-handed and totally unjustifiable step". When Eden made a ministerial broadcast on the nationalisation, Labour declined its right to reply.
Nasser assumed Power as president in June 1956. British forces completed their withdrawal from the occupied Suez Canal Zone on 13 June 1956. He nationalised the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956; his hostile approach towards Israel and economic nationalism prompted the beginning of the Second Arab-Israeli War (Suez Crisis), in which Israel (with support from France and the United Kingdom) occupied the Sinai Peninsula and the Canal. The war came to an end because of US and USSR diplomatic intervention and the status quo was restored.
On 29 October, Israel invaded the Egyptian Sinai. Britain and France issued a joint ultimatum to cease fire, which was ignored. On 5 November, Britain and France landed paratroopers along the Suez Canal. While the Egyptian forces were defeated, they had blocked the Canal to all shipping. It later became clear that Israel, France and Britain had conspired to plan out the invasion. The three allies had attained a number of their military objectives, but the Canal was useless. Heavy political pressure from the United States and the USSR led to a withdrawal. U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower had strongly warned Britain not to invade; he threatened serious damage to the British financial system by selling the US government's Pound sterling bonds. Historians conclude the Crisis "signified the end of Great Britain's role as one of the world's major powers".
On 29 October, Israel invaded the Egyptian Sinai. Britain and France issued a joint ultimatum to cease fire, which was ignored. The aims were to regain Western control of the Suez Canal and to remove Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had just nationalised the canal. On 5 November, Britain and France landed paratroopers along the Suez Canal. While the Egyptian forces were defeated, they had blocked the Canal to all shipping.
Operation Kadesh received its name from ancient Kadesh, located in the northern Sinai and mentioned several times in the Hebrew Pentateuch. Israeli military planning for this operation in the Sinai hinged on four main military objectives; Sharm el-Sheikh, Arish, Abu Uwayulah (Abu Ageila), and the Gaza Strip. The Egyptian blockade of the Tiran Straits was based at Sharm el-Sheikh and, by capturing the town, Israel would have access to the Red Sea for the first time since 1953, which would allow it to restore the trade benefits of secure passage to the Indian Ocean.
The Gaza Strip was chosen as another military objective because Israel wished to remove the training grounds for Fedayeen groups, and because Israel recognised that Egypt could use the territory as a staging ground for attacks against the advancing Israeli troops. Israel advocated rapid advances, for which a potential Egyptian flanking attack would present even more of a risk. Arish and Abu Uwayulah were important hubs for soldiers, equipment, and centres of command and control of the Egyptian Army in the Sinai.
Capturing them would deal a deathblow to the Egyptian's strategic operation in the entire Peninsula. The capture of these four objectives were hoped to be the means by which the entire Egyptian Army would rout and fall back into Egypt proper, which British and French forces would then be able to push up against an Israeli advance, and crush in a decisive encounter. On 24 October, Dayan ordered a partial mobilisation. When this led to a state of confusion, Dayan ordered full mobilisation, and chose to take the risk that he might alert the Egyptians. As part of an effort to maintain surprise, Dayan ordered Israeli troops that were to go to the Sinai to be ostentatiously concentrated near the border with Jordan first, which was intended to fool the Egyptians into thinking that it was Jordan that the main Israeli blow was to fall on.
On 28 October, Operation Tarnegol was effected, during which an Israeli Gloster Meteor NF.13 intercepted and destroyed an Egyptian Ilyushin Il-14 carrying Egyptian officers en route from Syria to Egypt, killing 16 Egyptian officers and journalists and two crewmen. The Ilyushin was believed to be carrying Field Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer and the Egyptian General Staff; however this was not the case.
The conflict began on 29 October 1956. At about 3:00 pm, Israeli Air Force Mustangs launched a series of attacks on Egyptian positions all over the Sinai. Because Israeli intelligence expected Jordan to enter the war on Egypt's side, Israeli soldiers were stationed along the Israeli-Jordanian frontier. The Israel Border Police militarised the Israel-Jordan border, including the Green Line with the West Bank, during the first few hours of the war. Israeli-Arab villages along the Jordanian border were placed under curfew. This resulted in the killings of 48 civilians in the Arab village of Kafr Qasim in an event known as the Kafr Qasim massacre. The border policemen involved in the killings were later tried and imprisoned, with an Israeli court finding that the order to shoot civilians was "blatantly illegal". This event had major effects on Israeli law relating to the ethics in war and more subtle effects on the legal status of Arab citizens of Israel, who at the time were regarded as a fifth column.
It later became clear that Israel, France and Britain had conspired to plan out the invasion. The three allies had attained a number of their military objectives, but the Canal was useless. Heavy political pressure from the United States and the USSR led to a withdrawal. U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower had strongly warned Britain not to invade; he threatened serious damage to the British financial system by selling the US government's Pound sterling bonds. Historians conclude the Crisis "signified the end of Great Britain's role as one of the world's major powers".
As political instability grew in Syria, delegations from the country were sent to Nasser demanding immediate unification with Egypt. Nasser initially turned down the request, citing the two countries' incompatible political and economic systems, lack of contiguity, the Syrian military's record of intervention in politics, and the deep factionalism among Syria's political forces. However, in January 1958, a second Syrian delegation managed to convince Nasser of an impending communist takeover and a consequent slide to civil strife. Nasser subsequently opted for union, albeit on the condition that it would be a total political merger with him as its president, to which the delegates and Syrian president Shukri al-Quwatli agreed. On 1 February, the United Arab Republic (UAR) was proclaimed and, according to Dawisha, the Arab world reacted in "stunned amazement, which quickly turned into uncontrolled euphoria." Nasser ordered a crackdown against Syrian communists, dismissing many of them from their governmental posts.
On a surprise visit to Damascus to celebrate the union on 24 February, Nasser was welcomed by crowds in the hundreds of thousands. Crown Prince Imam Badr of North Yemen was dispatched to Damascus with proposals to include his country in the new republic. Nasser agreed to establish a loose federal union with Yemen—the United Arab States—in place of total integration. While Nasser was in Syria, King Saud planned to have him assassinated on his return flight to Cairo. On 4 March, Nasser addressed the masses in Damascus and waved before them the Saudi check given to Syrian security chief and, unbeknownst to the Saudis, ardent Nasser supporter Abdel Hamid Sarraj to shoot down Nasser's plane. As a consequence of Saud's plot, he was forced by senior members of the Saudi royal family to informally cede most of his powers to his brother, King Faisal, a major Nasser opponent who advocated pan-Islamic unity over pan-Arabism.
A day after announcing the attempt on his life, Nasser established a new provisional constitution proclaiming a 600-member National Assembly (400 from Egypt and 200 from Syria) and the dissolution of all political parties. Nasser gave each of the provinces two vice-presidents: Boghdadi and Amer in Egypt, and Sabri al-Asali and Akram al-Hawrani in Syria. Nasser then left for Moscow to meet with Nikita Khrushchev. At the meeting, Khrushchev pressed Nasser to lift the ban on the Communist Party, but Nasser refused, stating it was an internal matter which was not a subject of discussion with outside powers. Khrushchev was reportedly taken aback and denied he had meant to interfere in the UAR's affairs. The matter was settled as both leaders sought to prevent a rift between their two countries.
In 1958, Egypt and Syria formed a sovereign union known as the United Arab Republic, ending the Arab Republic of Egypt.
30°3′N 31°13′E / 30.050°N 31.217°E / 30.050; 31.217 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Republic of Egypt (1953–1958), was a state forged in 1953 under the rule of Mohammed Naguib following the Egyptian revolution of 1952 in which the Kingdom of Egypt's Muhammad Ali dynasty came to an end.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The territory of the state compromised modern day Egypt as well as the Gaza Strip, governed by the All-Palestine Protectorate. The territory also included modern day Sudan and South Sudan until 1956 when the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Condominium was abolished, granting the Republic of The Sudan independence.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Arab Republic of Egypt was created following the Egyptian revolution of 1952 led by the Free Officers, a group of Army Officers who wanted to overthrow King Farouk and abolish the Muhammad Ali dynasty in Egypt which was led by Mohamed Naguib and Gamal Abdel Nasser.",
"title": "The Revolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The Free Officers's goals were to Abolish the Kingdom of Egypt, to establish a republic, end the British Occupation of Egypt including the Suez Canal, and to secure the independence of Sudan from the British, who governed it as Anglo-Egyptian Sudan. The revolutionary government adopted a staunchly nationalist, anti-imperialist agenda, which came to be expressed chiefly through Arab nationalism, and international non-alignment.",
"title": "The Revolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The revolution was faced with immediate threats from Western imperial powers, particularly the United Kingdom, which had occupied Egypt since 1882, and France, both of whom were wary of rising nationalist sentiment in territories under their control throughout Africa and the Arab world. The ongoing State of War with Israel also posed a serious challenge, as the Free Officers increased Egypt's already strong support of the Palestinians. These two issues conflated four years after the revolution when Egypt was invaded by Britain, France, and Israel in the Suez Crisis of 1956. Despite enormous military losses, the war was seen as a political victory for Egypt, especially as it left the Suez Canal in uncontested Egyptian control for the first time since 1875, erasing what was seen as a mark of national humiliation. This strengthened the appeal of the revolution in other Arab and African countries.",
"title": "The Revolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "While the Free Officers planned to overthrow the monarchy on 2–3 August, they decided to make their move earlier after their official leader, Muhammad Naguib, gained knowledge, leaked from the Egyptian cabinet on 19 July, that King Farouk acquired a list of the dissenting officers and was set to arrest them. The officers thus decided to launch a preemptive strike and after finalizing their plans in meeting at the home of Khaled Mohieddin, they began their coup on the night of 22 July. Mohieddin stayed in his home and Anwar Sadat went to the cinema.",
"title": "The Revolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Meanwhile, the chairman of the Free Officers, Gamal Abdel Nasser, contacted the Muslim Brotherhood and the Communist Democratic Movement for National Liberation to assure their support. On the morning of 23 July, he and Abdel Hakim Amer left Mohieddin's home in civilian clothes and drove around Cairo in Nasser's automobile to collect men to arrest key royalist commanders before they reached their barracks and gain control over their soldiers. As they approached the el-Qoba Bridge, an artillery unit led by Youssef Seddik met with them before he led his battalion to take control the Military General Headquarters to arrest the royalist army chief of staff, Hussein Sirri Amer and all the other commanders who were present in the building. At 6:00 am the Free Officers Air force units began patrolling Cairo's skies.",
"title": "The Revolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "By the 25th of July, the army had occupied Alexandria, where the King was in residence at the Montaza Palace. Terrified, Farouk abandoned Montaza and fled to Ras Al-Teen Palace on the waterfront. Naguib ordered the captain of Farouk's yacht, al-Mahrusa, not to sail without orders from the army.",
"title": "The Revolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Debate broke out among the Free Officers concerning the fate of the deposed King. While some (including Gen. Naguib and Nasser) thought that the best course of action was to send him into exile, others argued that he should be put on trial or executed. Finally, the order came for Farouk to abdicate in favour of his son, Crown prince Ahmed Fuad – who was acceded to the throne as King Fuad II – and a three-man Regency Council was appointed. The former king's departure into exile came on Saturday, 26 July 1952 and at 6 o'clock that evening he set sail for Italy with protection from the Egyptian Army. On 28 July 1953, Muhammad Naguib became the first President of Egypt, which marked the beginning of modern Egyptian Governance.",
"title": "The Revolution"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Following the 1952 Revolution by the Free Officers Movement, the rule of Egypt passed to Military hands and all political parties were banned. On 18 June 1953, the Egyptian Republic of Egypt was declared, with General Muhammad Naguib as the first president of the Republic, serving in that capacity for a little under one and a half years until he was placed under house arrest by Gamal Abdel Nasser after a brief power struggle.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Naguib was forced to resign in 1954 by Gamal Abdel Nasser – a Pan-Arabist and the main architect of the 1952 movement – and was later put under house arrest. After Naguib's resignation, the position of President was vacant until the election of Gamal Abdel Nasser in 1956.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "After the three-year transition period ended with Nasser's official assumption of power, his domestic and independent foreign policies increasingly collided with the regional interests of the UK and France. The latter condemned his strong support for Algerian independence, and the UK's Eden government was agitated by Nasser's campaign against the Baghdad Pact. In addition, Nasser's adherence to neutralism regarding the Cold War, recognition of Communist China, and arms deal with the Eastern bloc alienated the United States. On 19 July 1956, the US and UK abruptly withdrew their offer to finance construction of the Aswan Dam, citing concerns that Egypt's economy would be overwhelmed by the project.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In October 1954, Egypt and the British Empire agreed to abolish the Anglo-Egyptian Condominium Agreement of 1899 and grant Sudan independence to become the Republic of The Sudan; the agreement came into force on 1 January 1956.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Nasser assumed power as president in June 1956. British forces completed their withdrawal from the occupied Suez Canal Zone on 13 June 1956. He nationalised the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956; his hostile approach towards Israel and economic nationalism prompted the beginning of the Second Arab-Israeli War (Suez Crisis), in which Israel (with support from France and the United Kingdom) occupied the Sinai Peninsula and the Canal. The war came to an end because of US and USSR diplomatic intervention, and the status quo was restored. On 26 July 1956, Nasser gave a speech in Alexandria announcing the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company as a means to fund the Aswan Dam project in light of the British–American withdrawal. In the speech, he denounced British imperialism in Egypt and British control over the company's profits, and upheld that the Egyptians had a right to sovereignty over the waterway, especially since \"120,000 Egyptians had died building it\". The motion was technically in breach of the international agreement he had signed with the UK on 19 October 1954, although he ensured that all existing stockholders would be paid off.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The nationalization announcement was greeted very emotionally by the audience and, throughout the Arab world, thousands entered the streets shouting slogans of support. US ambassador Henry A. Byroade stated, \"I cannot overemphasize [the] popularity of the Canal Company nationalization within Egypt, even among Nasser's enemies.\" Egyptian political scientist Mahmoud Hamad wrote that, prior to 1956, Nasser had consolidated control over Egypt's military and civilian bureaucracies, but it was only after the canal's nationalization that he gained near-total popular legitimacy and firmly established himself as the \"charismatic leader\" and \"spokesman for the masses not only in Egypt, but all over the Third World\". According to Aburish, this was Nasser's largest pan-Arab triumph at the time and \"soon his pictures were to be found in the tents of Yemen, the souks of Marrakesh, and the posh villas of Syria\". The official reason given for the nationalization was that funds from the canal would be used for the construction of the dam in Aswan. That same day, Egypt closed the canal to Israeli shipping.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "The nationalisation surprised Britain and its Commonwealth. There had been no discussion of the canal at the Commonwealth Prime Ministers' Conference in London in late June and early July. Egypt's action, however, threatened British economic and military interests in the region. Prime Minister Eden was under immense domestic pressure from Conservative MPs who drew direct comparisons between the events of 1956 and those of the Munich Agreement in 1938. Since the U.S. government did not support the British protests, the British government decided in favour of military intervention against Egypt to avoid the complete collapse of British prestige in the region.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Eden was hosting a dinner for King Faisal II of Iraq and his Prime Minister, Nuri al-Said, when he learned the canal had been nationalised. They both unequivocally advised Eden to \"hit Nasser hard, hit him soon, and hit him by yourself\" – a stance shared by the vast majority of the British people in subsequent weeks. \"There is a lot of humbug about Suez,\" Guy Millard, one of Eden's private secretaries, later recorded. \"People forget that the policy at the time was extremely popular.\" Opposition leader Hugh Gaitskell was also at the dinner. He immediately agreed that military action might be inevitable, but warned Eden would have to keep the Americans closely informed. After a session of the House of Commons expressed anger against the Egyptian action on 27 July, Eden justifiably believed that Parliament would support him; Gaitskell spoke for his party when he called the nationalisation a \"high-handed and totally unjustifiable step\". When Eden made a ministerial broadcast on the nationalisation, Labour declined its right to reply.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Nasser assumed Power as president in June 1956. British forces completed their withdrawal from the occupied Suez Canal Zone on 13 June 1956. He nationalised the Suez Canal on 26 July 1956; his hostile approach towards Israel and economic nationalism prompted the beginning of the Second Arab-Israeli War (Suez Crisis), in which Israel (with support from France and the United Kingdom) occupied the Sinai Peninsula and the Canal. The war came to an end because of US and USSR diplomatic intervention and the status quo was restored.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "On 29 October, Israel invaded the Egyptian Sinai. Britain and France issued a joint ultimatum to cease fire, which was ignored. On 5 November, Britain and France landed paratroopers along the Suez Canal. While the Egyptian forces were defeated, they had blocked the Canal to all shipping. It later became clear that Israel, France and Britain had conspired to plan out the invasion. The three allies had attained a number of their military objectives, but the Canal was useless. Heavy political pressure from the United States and the USSR led to a withdrawal. U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower had strongly warned Britain not to invade; he threatened serious damage to the British financial system by selling the US government's Pound sterling bonds. Historians conclude the Crisis \"signified the end of Great Britain's role as one of the world's major powers\".",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "On 29 October, Israel invaded the Egyptian Sinai. Britain and France issued a joint ultimatum to cease fire, which was ignored. The aims were to regain Western control of the Suez Canal and to remove Egyptian president Gamal Abdel Nasser, who had just nationalised the canal. On 5 November, Britain and France landed paratroopers along the Suez Canal. While the Egyptian forces were defeated, they had blocked the Canal to all shipping.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Operation Kadesh received its name from ancient Kadesh, located in the northern Sinai and mentioned several times in the Hebrew Pentateuch. Israeli military planning for this operation in the Sinai hinged on four main military objectives; Sharm el-Sheikh, Arish, Abu Uwayulah (Abu Ageila), and the Gaza Strip. The Egyptian blockade of the Tiran Straits was based at Sharm el-Sheikh and, by capturing the town, Israel would have access to the Red Sea for the first time since 1953, which would allow it to restore the trade benefits of secure passage to the Indian Ocean.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "The Gaza Strip was chosen as another military objective because Israel wished to remove the training grounds for Fedayeen groups, and because Israel recognised that Egypt could use the territory as a staging ground for attacks against the advancing Israeli troops. Israel advocated rapid advances, for which a potential Egyptian flanking attack would present even more of a risk. Arish and Abu Uwayulah were important hubs for soldiers, equipment, and centres of command and control of the Egyptian Army in the Sinai.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Capturing them would deal a deathblow to the Egyptian's strategic operation in the entire Peninsula. The capture of these four objectives were hoped to be the means by which the entire Egyptian Army would rout and fall back into Egypt proper, which British and French forces would then be able to push up against an Israeli advance, and crush in a decisive encounter. On 24 October, Dayan ordered a partial mobilisation. When this led to a state of confusion, Dayan ordered full mobilisation, and chose to take the risk that he might alert the Egyptians. As part of an effort to maintain surprise, Dayan ordered Israeli troops that were to go to the Sinai to be ostentatiously concentrated near the border with Jordan first, which was intended to fool the Egyptians into thinking that it was Jordan that the main Israeli blow was to fall on.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "On 28 October, Operation Tarnegol was effected, during which an Israeli Gloster Meteor NF.13 intercepted and destroyed an Egyptian Ilyushin Il-14 carrying Egyptian officers en route from Syria to Egypt, killing 16 Egyptian officers and journalists and two crewmen. The Ilyushin was believed to be carrying Field Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer and the Egyptian General Staff; however this was not the case.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "The conflict began on 29 October 1956. At about 3:00 pm, Israeli Air Force Mustangs launched a series of attacks on Egyptian positions all over the Sinai. Because Israeli intelligence expected Jordan to enter the war on Egypt's side, Israeli soldiers were stationed along the Israeli-Jordanian frontier. The Israel Border Police militarised the Israel-Jordan border, including the Green Line with the West Bank, during the first few hours of the war. Israeli-Arab villages along the Jordanian border were placed under curfew. This resulted in the killings of 48 civilians in the Arab village of Kafr Qasim in an event known as the Kafr Qasim massacre. The border policemen involved in the killings were later tried and imprisoned, with an Israeli court finding that the order to shoot civilians was \"blatantly illegal\". This event had major effects on Israeli law relating to the ethics in war and more subtle effects on the legal status of Arab citizens of Israel, who at the time were regarded as a fifth column.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "It later became clear that Israel, France and Britain had conspired to plan out the invasion. The three allies had attained a number of their military objectives, but the Canal was useless. Heavy political pressure from the United States and the USSR led to a withdrawal. U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower had strongly warned Britain not to invade; he threatened serious damage to the British financial system by selling the US government's Pound sterling bonds. Historians conclude the Crisis \"signified the end of Great Britain's role as one of the world's major powers\".",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "As political instability grew in Syria, delegations from the country were sent to Nasser demanding immediate unification with Egypt. Nasser initially turned down the request, citing the two countries' incompatible political and economic systems, lack of contiguity, the Syrian military's record of intervention in politics, and the deep factionalism among Syria's political forces. However, in January 1958, a second Syrian delegation managed to convince Nasser of an impending communist takeover and a consequent slide to civil strife. Nasser subsequently opted for union, albeit on the condition that it would be a total political merger with him as its president, to which the delegates and Syrian president Shukri al-Quwatli agreed. On 1 February, the United Arab Republic (UAR) was proclaimed and, according to Dawisha, the Arab world reacted in \"stunned amazement, which quickly turned into uncontrolled euphoria.\" Nasser ordered a crackdown against Syrian communists, dismissing many of them from their governmental posts.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "On a surprise visit to Damascus to celebrate the union on 24 February, Nasser was welcomed by crowds in the hundreds of thousands. Crown Prince Imam Badr of North Yemen was dispatched to Damascus with proposals to include his country in the new republic. Nasser agreed to establish a loose federal union with Yemen—the United Arab States—in place of total integration. While Nasser was in Syria, King Saud planned to have him assassinated on his return flight to Cairo. On 4 March, Nasser addressed the masses in Damascus and waved before them the Saudi check given to Syrian security chief and, unbeknownst to the Saudis, ardent Nasser supporter Abdel Hamid Sarraj to shoot down Nasser's plane. As a consequence of Saud's plot, he was forced by senior members of the Saudi royal family to informally cede most of his powers to his brother, King Faisal, a major Nasser opponent who advocated pan-Islamic unity over pan-Arabism.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "A day after announcing the attempt on his life, Nasser established a new provisional constitution proclaiming a 600-member National Assembly (400 from Egypt and 200 from Syria) and the dissolution of all political parties. Nasser gave each of the provinces two vice-presidents: Boghdadi and Amer in Egypt, and Sabri al-Asali and Akram al-Hawrani in Syria. Nasser then left for Moscow to meet with Nikita Khrushchev. At the meeting, Khrushchev pressed Nasser to lift the ban on the Communist Party, but Nasser refused, stating it was an internal matter which was not a subject of discussion with outside powers. Khrushchev was reportedly taken aback and denied he had meant to interfere in the UAR's affairs. The matter was settled as both leaders sought to prevent a rift between their two countries.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "In 1958, Egypt and Syria formed a sovereign union known as the United Arab Republic, ending the Arab Republic of Egypt.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "30°3′N 31°13′E / 30.050°N 31.217°E / 30.050; 31.217",
"title": "External links"
}
] | The Republic of Egypt (1953–1958), was a state forged in 1953 under the rule of Mohammed Naguib following the Egyptian revolution of 1952 in which the Kingdom of Egypt's Muhammad Ali dynasty came to an end. The territory of the state compromised modern day Egypt as well as the Gaza Strip, governed by the All-Palestine Protectorate. The territory also included modern day Sudan and South Sudan until 1956 when the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan Condominium was abolished, granting the Republic of The Sudan independence. | 2023-12-07T18:52:51Z | 2023-12-21T19:24:23Z | [
"Template:Main",
"Template:Citation needed",
"Template:Harvnb",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Portal bar",
"Template:Former Monarchies",
"Template:Citation",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Coord",
"Template:Infobox country",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Egypt topics"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Egypt_(1953) |
75,509,385 | Ice hockey in Iowa | Iowa has become one of the key regions for junior ice hockey in the United States.
Despite being next door to hockey-mad Minnesota, Iowa's relative lack of natural ice surfaces made it difficult for the sport to catch on in the Hawkeye state. The low population density also meant that there were few locales that could support an artificial ice rink. These factors contributed to the state not receiving its first major ice hockey team until the late 1950s. At the time, the United States Central Hockey League, a senior league that operated mostly out of Minnesota, saw many of its previous teams cease operations in 1958. In order to keep the league alive, several new clubs were started, including the Des Moines Ice Hawks. The franchise survived for three years before the league rebranded itself as the United States Hockey League and became a semi-pro circuit. The Ice Hawks changed their names to the Des Moines Oak Leafs and got a big boost when the Des Moines Ice Arena opened its doors in November 1961. The club remained with the USHL for two years before leaving to join the fully professional International Hockey League in 1963. The team had some success over the years, reaching the finals in '65 and '71 but it wasn't until after they changed their named to the Des Moines Capitols that they won a league championship. Success, however, came too late for the team and after one more season they ceased operations.
Meanwhile, the USHL saw potential in Iowa and continued to expand with the addition of the Waterloo Black Hawks in 1962. The Black Hawks were an instant success, winning the league championship in their second season to begin a run of five consecutive titles. The USHL then added the Sioux City Musketeers in 1972 but Waterloo remained at the forefront, adding three more titles in the 70s. In 1979, the USHL was operating as mostly an afterthought behind at least 4 other professional leagues (NHL, AHL, IHL and CHL). In order to keep the league alive, the teams switched from senior hockey to junior hockey. At the time, junior hockey circuits were run almost exclusively out of Canada aside from U.S. high school programs. However, because the major Canadian Hockey League league paid their players a stipend, the NCAA had ruled that participating players were ineligible to play college hockey. The USHL stepped in to fill the void, becoming the first major junior league in the US. After its inaugural season in 1979–80, the league continued its expansion into Iowa with the Black Hawks relocating and becoming the Dubuque Fighting Saints. The Hennepin Nordiques, who had only been around for a year, then moved to Waterloo, taking over the name and ensuring that there was no loss of ice hockey in Black Hawk County. That same year, the USHL returned to the capitol with the Des Moines Buccaneers.
With four team spread across the state, the USHL was now primarily located in Iowa, a situation that became even more noticeable when a team in Wisconsin folded in 1981 and was replaced by the North Iowa Huskies in 1983. While there was a rapid expansion with junior hockey, Iowa was largely ignored by the professional ranks. Because the Capitols had failed to catch on and the Iowa Stars had lasted just one year, no teams were willing to take another gamble in the midwestern state. Unbothered by the lack of professional hockey, the USHL remained the premier league in Iowa and was buoyed by the on-ice success of its many teams. Dubuque and Sioux City combined for four championships in the 1980 but the 90s belonged to the Buccaneers. Des Moines won 3 championships to go with 4 regular season titles. Not everything was successful, however, and the USHL did go through some perturbations around the turn of the century.
1999 saw the Huskies relocate to Cedar Rapids, where they found more success. The Fighting Saints, however, were not so lucky. The team had fallen on hard times in the late 90s and owner, Brian Gallagher, decided to relocate to Oklahoma in 2001. The move did not pan out and the team lasted just one more season before disbanding. Dubuque would not be without a team for long as the Dubuque Thunderbirds began play in 2001. Though they played at a lower level than the USHL, the team was an unqualified success. The Thunderbirds won four championships in two leagues during their 9-year existence but, critically, they had a massive amount of fan support. In their final three years, the team drew over 32,000 in total attendance which accounted for about 40% of the Central States Hockey League's figures. The sizable crowds convinced the city to build a new rink and began construction of the Mystique Ice Center in 2009. The following season the Thunderbirds ceased operations, bowing out in favor of the second Dubuque Fighting Saints franchise and the return of major junior hockey. The team announced its appearance by winning the league championship in its inaugural season and followed that with a second two years later.
With junior hockey proving to be such a success in Iowa, professional hockey did eventually return when the Dallas Stars placed their AHL affiliate to Des Moines in 2005. The arrangement lasted three years before the Stars ended their affiliation, citing travel costs. The team then came under the purview of the Anaheim Ducks and was renamed "Iowa Chops". After the season, the team was suspended by the AHL for violating league by-laws by being used as collateral for a loan. After losing their affiliation with the Ducks, the team was sold to the Dallas Stars and relocated to Texas.
Iowa was left without pro hockey for four years until the Minnesota Wild relocated their main affiliate to the region. The Iowa Wild played their first game in 2013 and played in the same building as the Stars/Chops (the Wells Fargo Arena). While the team has not seem much on-ice success, the Wild consistently draw crowds of 6,000 or more to their games. The stability of the state's hockey franchises eventually led to the ECHL's arrival in 2021 when the Iowa Heartlanders were introduced. The state received its first college hockey program in 2023 due in part to unfortunate circumstances at another university. Due to financial problems, Finlandia University was forced to close after the 2022–23 academic year. The athletic department was able to make an arrangement with the University of Dubuque to absorb both its men's and women's ice hockey programs with most of its players transferring in the process.
† Relocated from elsewhere.‡ Started as a semi-professional team.
Active Active (out of state)
The existence of several junior teams across the state has given many communities access to local rinks and allowed the state to produce several players of note. Despite this, Iowa still has a relatively low level of engagement with the sport as less than 4,000 residents were registered with USA Hockey in 2022.
† relocated from elsewhere. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Iowa has become one of the key regions for junior ice hockey in the United States.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Despite being next door to hockey-mad Minnesota, Iowa's relative lack of natural ice surfaces made it difficult for the sport to catch on in the Hawkeye state. The low population density also meant that there were few locales that could support an artificial ice rink. These factors contributed to the state not receiving its first major ice hockey team until the late 1950s. At the time, the United States Central Hockey League, a senior league that operated mostly out of Minnesota, saw many of its previous teams cease operations in 1958. In order to keep the league alive, several new clubs were started, including the Des Moines Ice Hawks. The franchise survived for three years before the league rebranded itself as the United States Hockey League and became a semi-pro circuit. The Ice Hawks changed their names to the Des Moines Oak Leafs and got a big boost when the Des Moines Ice Arena opened its doors in November 1961. The club remained with the USHL for two years before leaving to join the fully professional International Hockey League in 1963. The team had some success over the years, reaching the finals in '65 and '71 but it wasn't until after they changed their named to the Des Moines Capitols that they won a league championship. Success, however, came too late for the team and after one more season they ceased operations.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Meanwhile, the USHL saw potential in Iowa and continued to expand with the addition of the Waterloo Black Hawks in 1962. The Black Hawks were an instant success, winning the league championship in their second season to begin a run of five consecutive titles. The USHL then added the Sioux City Musketeers in 1972 but Waterloo remained at the forefront, adding three more titles in the 70s. In 1979, the USHL was operating as mostly an afterthought behind at least 4 other professional leagues (NHL, AHL, IHL and CHL). In order to keep the league alive, the teams switched from senior hockey to junior hockey. At the time, junior hockey circuits were run almost exclusively out of Canada aside from U.S. high school programs. However, because the major Canadian Hockey League league paid their players a stipend, the NCAA had ruled that participating players were ineligible to play college hockey. The USHL stepped in to fill the void, becoming the first major junior league in the US. After its inaugural season in 1979–80, the league continued its expansion into Iowa with the Black Hawks relocating and becoming the Dubuque Fighting Saints. The Hennepin Nordiques, who had only been around for a year, then moved to Waterloo, taking over the name and ensuring that there was no loss of ice hockey in Black Hawk County. That same year, the USHL returned to the capitol with the Des Moines Buccaneers.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "With four team spread across the state, the USHL was now primarily located in Iowa, a situation that became even more noticeable when a team in Wisconsin folded in 1981 and was replaced by the North Iowa Huskies in 1983. While there was a rapid expansion with junior hockey, Iowa was largely ignored by the professional ranks. Because the Capitols had failed to catch on and the Iowa Stars had lasted just one year, no teams were willing to take another gamble in the midwestern state. Unbothered by the lack of professional hockey, the USHL remained the premier league in Iowa and was buoyed by the on-ice success of its many teams. Dubuque and Sioux City combined for four championships in the 1980 but the 90s belonged to the Buccaneers. Des Moines won 3 championships to go with 4 regular season titles. Not everything was successful, however, and the USHL did go through some perturbations around the turn of the century.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "1999 saw the Huskies relocate to Cedar Rapids, where they found more success. The Fighting Saints, however, were not so lucky. The team had fallen on hard times in the late 90s and owner, Brian Gallagher, decided to relocate to Oklahoma in 2001. The move did not pan out and the team lasted just one more season before disbanding. Dubuque would not be without a team for long as the Dubuque Thunderbirds began play in 2001. Though they played at a lower level than the USHL, the team was an unqualified success. The Thunderbirds won four championships in two leagues during their 9-year existence but, critically, they had a massive amount of fan support. In their final three years, the team drew over 32,000 in total attendance which accounted for about 40% of the Central States Hockey League's figures. The sizable crowds convinced the city to build a new rink and began construction of the Mystique Ice Center in 2009. The following season the Thunderbirds ceased operations, bowing out in favor of the second Dubuque Fighting Saints franchise and the return of major junior hockey. The team announced its appearance by winning the league championship in its inaugural season and followed that with a second two years later.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "With junior hockey proving to be such a success in Iowa, professional hockey did eventually return when the Dallas Stars placed their AHL affiliate to Des Moines in 2005. The arrangement lasted three years before the Stars ended their affiliation, citing travel costs. The team then came under the purview of the Anaheim Ducks and was renamed \"Iowa Chops\". After the season, the team was suspended by the AHL for violating league by-laws by being used as collateral for a loan. After losing their affiliation with the Ducks, the team was sold to the Dallas Stars and relocated to Texas.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Iowa was left without pro hockey for four years until the Minnesota Wild relocated their main affiliate to the region. The Iowa Wild played their first game in 2013 and played in the same building as the Stars/Chops (the Wells Fargo Arena). While the team has not seem much on-ice success, the Wild consistently draw crowds of 6,000 or more to their games. The stability of the state's hockey franchises eventually led to the ECHL's arrival in 2021 when the Iowa Heartlanders were introduced. The state received its first college hockey program in 2023 due in part to unfortunate circumstances at another university. Due to financial problems, Finlandia University was forced to close after the 2022–23 academic year. The athletic department was able to make an arrangement with the University of Dubuque to absorb both its men's and women's ice hockey programs with most of its players transferring in the process.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "† Relocated from elsewhere.‡ Started as a semi-professional team.",
"title": "Teams"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Active Active (out of state)",
"title": "Teams"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The existence of several junior teams across the state has given many communities access to local rinks and allowed the state to produce several players of note. Despite this, Iowa still has a relatively low level of engagement with the sport as less than 4,000 residents were registered with USA Hockey in 2022.",
"title": "Players"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "† relocated from elsewhere.",
"title": "Players"
}
] | Iowa has become one of the key regions for junior ice hockey in the United States. | 2023-12-07T18:55:42Z | 2023-12-22T11:46:17Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Color",
"Template:Div col",
"Template:Div col end",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Dead link",
"Template:Infobox sport overview",
"Template:Font color",
"Template:Location map many"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_hockey_in_Iowa |
75,509,443 | Sugarloaf Mountains-Midland Peak Natural Area | The Sugarloaf Mountains-Midland Peak Natural Area is an upland area of connected mountain ridges in the Arkansas Valley adjacent to the Arkansas–Oklahoma border and south of Fort Smith, Arkansas. This Natural Area is one part of a mosaic of high forest, savanna, and glade in the transition zone between the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of the Eastern United States and the tallgrass prairie of the southern Great Plains. Sugarloaf Mountain (officially, East Midland Peak) has the largest identified population of the endangered maple-leaf oak as well as populations of the endangered Ouachita Mountain leadplant, Elymus churchii (Church's wild rye), and long-bract spiderwort.
The Sugarloaf Mountains-Midland Peak Natural Area consists of about 1,200 acres (490 ha) of environmentally–sensitive land purchased in 2022 for purposes of environmental protection by the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission.
35°03′56″N 94°22′44″W / 35.06556°N 94.37889°W / 35.06556; -94.37889 | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Sugarloaf Mountains-Midland Peak Natural Area is an upland area of connected mountain ridges in the Arkansas Valley adjacent to the Arkansas–Oklahoma border and south of Fort Smith, Arkansas. This Natural Area is one part of a mosaic of high forest, savanna, and glade in the transition zone between the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of the Eastern United States and the tallgrass prairie of the southern Great Plains. Sugarloaf Mountain (officially, East Midland Peak) has the largest identified population of the endangered maple-leaf oak as well as populations of the endangered Ouachita Mountain leadplant, Elymus churchii (Church's wild rye), and long-bract spiderwort.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Sugarloaf Mountains-Midland Peak Natural Area consists of about 1,200 acres (490 ha) of environmentally–sensitive land purchased in 2022 for purposes of environmental protection by the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "35°03′56″N 94°22′44″W / 35.06556°N 94.37889°W / 35.06556; -94.37889",
"title": "References"
}
] | The Sugarloaf Mountains-Midland Peak Natural Area is an upland area of connected mountain ridges in the Arkansas Valley adjacent to the Arkansas–Oklahoma border and south of Fort Smith, Arkansas. This Natural Area is one part of a mosaic of high forest, savanna, and glade in the transition zone between the temperate broadleaf and mixed forests of the Eastern United States and the tallgrass prairie of the southern Great Plains. Sugarloaf Mountain has the largest identified population of the endangered maple-leaf oak as well as populations of the endangered Ouachita Mountain leadplant, Elymus churchii, and long-bract spiderwort. The Sugarloaf Mountains-Midland Peak Natural Area consists of about 1,200 acres (490 ha) of environmentally–sensitive land purchased in 2022 for purposes of environmental protection by the Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission. | 2023-12-07T19:04:00Z | 2023-12-30T16:09:27Z | [
"Template:Coord",
"Template:Cvt",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountains-Midland_Peak_Natural_Area |
75,509,446 | Trending Topic | Trending Topic is a 2023 crime thriller film directed by Capa Xin [zh], and stars Zhou Dongyu, Song Yang [zh], Yuan Hong, and Wang Hao (王皓). It was released in theaters in China on 30 November 2023.
Chen Miao (Zhou Dongyu), an online media editor, publishes an unverified video showing a schoolgirl being pushed down a flight of stairs by another schoolgirl. The video goes viral and and the second schoolgirl is being vilified by netizens. Unable to face the society, the second schoolgirl jumped off a building. Chen later finds that the now deceased schoolgirl had reached out to her for assistance before, tying the video with a sexual assault case. Chen's investor, He Yan (Song Yang) and boss, Yue Peng (Yuan Hong), gets involved with the case.
The following case is featured:
Xie Yukun received a script centered on an online media editor in the first half of 2021. Additionally, he also wanted to direct a film on online discourse. Xie would then adjust the script to produce the storyline for this movie.
The filming was completed by April 2022.
The film was first released in China on 30 November 2023. It was subsequently released in Malaysia and Singapore on 7 December 2023.
The film made CN¥55,000,000 in box office sales within 7 days of its release. The film was well received in China by film critics who attended preview screenings of the film, praising the film to be 'close to reality', 'demonstrate the power of Internet', and 'a call for rationality'. However, reviews from Singapore indicated that audiences, who are more exposed Hollywood movies that resolve around reporters exposing cover ups, would not be impressed with the film. The Straits Times writes that the film has a confused agenda. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Trending Topic is a 2023 crime thriller film directed by Capa Xin [zh], and stars Zhou Dongyu, Song Yang [zh], Yuan Hong, and Wang Hao (王皓). It was released in theaters in China on 30 November 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Chen Miao (Zhou Dongyu), an online media editor, publishes an unverified video showing a schoolgirl being pushed down a flight of stairs by another schoolgirl. The video goes viral and and the second schoolgirl is being vilified by netizens. Unable to face the society, the second schoolgirl jumped off a building. Chen later finds that the now deceased schoolgirl had reached out to her for assistance before, tying the video with a sexual assault case. Chen's investor, He Yan (Song Yang) and boss, Yue Peng (Yuan Hong), gets involved with the case.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The following case is featured:",
"title": "Cast"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Xie Yukun received a script centered on an online media editor in the first half of 2021. Additionally, he also wanted to direct a film on online discourse. Xie would then adjust the script to produce the storyline for this movie.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The filming was completed by April 2022.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The film was first released in China on 30 November 2023. It was subsequently released in Malaysia and Singapore on 7 December 2023.",
"title": "Release"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The film made CN¥55,000,000 in box office sales within 7 days of its release. The film was well received in China by film critics who attended preview screenings of the film, praising the film to be 'close to reality', 'demonstrate the power of Internet', and 'a call for rationality'. However, reviews from Singapore indicated that audiences, who are more exposed Hollywood movies that resolve around reporters exposing cover ups, would not be impressed with the film. The Straits Times writes that the film has a confused agenda.",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Trending Topic is a 2023 crime thriller film directed by Capa Xin, and stars Zhou Dongyu, Song Yang, Yuan Hong, and Wang Hao (王皓). It was released in theaters in China on 30 November 2023. | 2023-12-07T19:04:19Z | 2023-12-08T09:42:44Z | [
"Template:Lang-zh",
"Template:CNY",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Ill"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trending_Topic |
75,509,463 | Babygirl | Babygirl is an upcoming American erotic thriller film written, directed, and co-produced by Halina Reijn. It stars Nicole Kidman, Harris Dickinson, Antonio Banderas, Sophie Wilde, and Jean Reno.
In November 2023, it was announced Nicole Kidman, Harris Dickinson, Antonio Banderas, Sophie Wilde and Jean Reno had joined the cast of the film, with Halina Reijn directing and producing from a screenplay she wrote.
Principal photography began in December 2023, in New York City. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Babygirl is an upcoming American erotic thriller film written, directed, and co-produced by Halina Reijn. It stars Nicole Kidman, Harris Dickinson, Antonio Banderas, Sophie Wilde, and Jean Reno.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In November 2023, it was announced Nicole Kidman, Harris Dickinson, Antonio Banderas, Sophie Wilde and Jean Reno had joined the cast of the film, with Halina Reijn directing and producing from a screenplay she wrote.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Principal photography began in December 2023, in New York City.",
"title": "Production"
}
] | Babygirl is an upcoming American erotic thriller film written, directed, and co-produced by Halina Reijn. It stars Nicole Kidman, Harris Dickinson, Antonio Banderas, Sophie Wilde, and Jean Reno. | 2023-12-07T19:07:00Z | 2023-12-22T05:16:15Z | [
"Template:IMDB title",
"Template:Halina Reijn",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use American English",
"Template:Use mdy dates",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babygirl |
75,509,465 | 2013 World Sledge Hockey Challenge | The 2013 World Sledge Hockey Challenge was the seventh edition of the semi-annual international event hosted by Hockey Canada. The event was hosted in Toronto, Ontario.
For the first time in 5 years Neither Norway or Japan would play in the tournament. Russia and South Korea would take their place
Korea 2 Canada 5
Russia 1 USA 2
USA 5 Korea 0
Canada 5 Russia 3
Russia 9 Korea 1
Canada 4 USA 1
Korea 1 Canada 2
Russia 1 USA 4
Korea 2 Russia 4
Canada 3 USA 1
World Hockey Challenge Record and Guide Book
{{DEFAULTSORT:World Para Hockey Cup, 2013} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2013 World Sledge Hockey Challenge was the seventh edition of the semi-annual international event hosted by Hockey Canada. The event was hosted in Toronto, Ontario.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "For the first time in 5 years Neither Norway or Japan would play in the tournament. Russia and South Korea would take their place",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Korea 2 Canada 5",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Russia 1 USA 2",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "USA 5 Korea 0",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Canada 5 Russia 3",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Russia 9 Korea 1",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Canada 4 USA 1",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Korea 1 Canada 2",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Russia 1 USA 4",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Korea 2 Russia 4",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Canada 3 USA 1",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "World Hockey Challenge Record and Guide Book",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "{{DEFAULTSORT:World Para Hockey Cup, 2013}",
"title": "2013 Tournament"
}
] | The 2013 World Sledge Hockey Challenge was the seventh edition of the semi-annual international event hosted by Hockey Canada. The event was hosted in Toronto, Ontario. | 2023-12-07T19:07:18Z | 2023-12-07T19:51:38Z | [
"Template:Infobox international hockey competition",
"Template:Hockey Canada",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_World_Sledge_Hockey_Challenge |
75,509,505 | Gora Automatikoa | Gora Automatikoa (lit. 'Automatic Goya') is a 2021 Spanish adult animated satirical comedy film directed, written, starred and edited by David Galán Galindo, Esaú Dharma and Pablo Vara. The rest of the voice actors are made up of Elena de Lara, Andrés Trasado, Frank T., Raúl Pérez, Pepe Macías, Sara Heras, Lucía Esteban y Miguel Martín. It premiered on December 17, 2021, in Spanish theaters.
Galindo is a failed film director who will seek to gain recognition. How will do it? Win a Goya. For this reason, he will meet with Pablo, who works in a funeral home, and Dharma, a pedant artist with pretentiousness, to produce an animated film and thus achieve his absurd dream: win an automatic Goya.
The actors participating in this film are:
The idea for the film was born on March 6, 2021, when David Galán Galindo, one of the directors, witnessed the automatic victory of Turu, the Wacky Hen as Best Animated Film for being the only candidate at the 35th Goya Awards. That event motivated him, together with Esaú Dharma and Pablo Vara, to produce an animated film in less than 1 year (6 months) with the unique purpose of winning an automatic Goya.
After its defeat in winning the automic Goya for Best Animated Film at the 36th Goya Awards, a sequel titled Gora Automatikoa 2: Otra vez la misma mierda (lit. 'Automatic Goya 2: Same shit again') was released in 2022. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gora Automatikoa (lit. 'Automatic Goya') is a 2021 Spanish adult animated satirical comedy film directed, written, starred and edited by David Galán Galindo, Esaú Dharma and Pablo Vara. The rest of the voice actors are made up of Elena de Lara, Andrés Trasado, Frank T., Raúl Pérez, Pepe Macías, Sara Heras, Lucía Esteban y Miguel Martín. It premiered on December 17, 2021, in Spanish theaters.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Galindo is a failed film director who will seek to gain recognition. How will do it? Win a Goya. For this reason, he will meet with Pablo, who works in a funeral home, and Dharma, a pedant artist with pretentiousness, to produce an animated film and thus achieve his absurd dream: win an automatic Goya.",
"title": "Synopsis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The actors participating in this film are:",
"title": "Voice cast"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The idea for the film was born on March 6, 2021, when David Galán Galindo, one of the directors, witnessed the automatic victory of Turu, the Wacky Hen as Best Animated Film for being the only candidate at the 35th Goya Awards. That event motivated him, together with Esaú Dharma and Pablo Vara, to produce an animated film in less than 1 year (6 months) with the unique purpose of winning an automatic Goya.",
"title": "Idealization"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "After its defeat in winning the automic Goya for Best Animated Film at the 36th Goya Awards, a sequel titled Gora Automatikoa 2: Otra vez la misma mierda (lit. 'Automatic Goya 2: Same shit again') was released in 2022.",
"title": "Sequel"
}
] | Gora Automatikoa is a 2021 Spanish adult animated satirical comedy film directed, written, starred and edited by David Galán Galindo, Esaú Dharma and Pablo Vara. The rest of the voice actors are made up of Elena de Lara, Andrés Trasado, Frank T., Raúl Pérez, Pepe Macías, Sara Heras, Lucía Esteban y Miguel Martín. It premiered on December 17, 2021, in Spanish theaters. | 2023-12-07T19:13:03Z | 2023-12-15T06:16:29Z | [
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Lit",
"Template:Nom",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gora_Automatikoa |
75,509,521 | Murder of Caroline Glachan | On 25 August 1996, Caroline Glachan, a fourteen-year-old Scottish girl, was found murdered in the River Leven in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The investigation lead to the murder becoming one of Scotland's most notorious unsolved crimes and was a cold case for 27 years until the conviction of three people in 2023.
Glachan was born in Derry, Northern Ireland. She was an only child. At the time of her death she was a fourth-year pupil at Our Lady and St Patrick's High School in Dumbarton.
Glachan lived in Bonhill. On the night of 24 August Glachan planned to meet her boyfriend at a bridge after being cautioned by her best friend. Caroline was last seen as she walked along Dillichip Loan to a friend's house from shops on the Ladyton estate at Renton after spending the evening with friends. She was walking towards Dillichip Bridge and then on to the river towpath as a shortcut.
Her partly submerged body was found in the River Leven, near Place of Bonhill in Renton the following day by a passer-by. She was found with extensive injuries to her scalp, face and neck sustained from blunt force trauma. The day her body was discovered by police was on her mother's 40th birthday. A pathologist found that ten “significant blows” to the head had rendered her unconscious before she went into the river. The group of teenagers verbally abused her and repeatedly kicked and punched her on the head and body using a blunt instrument of some kind. The cause of death was considered to be drowning.
Glachan's funeral was held on 26 February 1997 in Alexandria.
The prime suspect was her boyfriend at the time Robert O'Brien. A taxi driver who knew Caroline witnessed a hooded figure further down the street, walking about 30 yards behind her. One key witness was a four-year-old boy. He had claimed witnessing a girl fall into the river.
In September 2006 a £15,000 reward was offered for information. In 2015, a further appeal was made by Police Scotland.
On 5 September 2016 the case featured on BBC Crimewatch. This followed the original appeal on the programme in December 1996.
The case has appeared on STV's Unsolved and CBS's Donal MacIntyre: Unsolved.
In November 2021, three people were charged with the murder of Caroline Glachan. The trial began at the High Court in Glasgow in November 2023. On 14 December 2023, Robert O'Brien, aged 45, Andrew Kelly, 44, and Donna Marie Brand, also aged 44, and the late Sarah Jayne O’Neill (died 2019 and would’ve convicted for the death of Caroline) were convicted of Glachan's murder at the High Court in Glasgow. All three had been teenagers at the time the crime was committed. The sentencing is scheduled for January 2024, a date of which Caroline would have turned 42.
Other high-profile unsolved cases in Scotland: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "On 25 August 1996, Caroline Glachan, a fourteen-year-old Scottish girl, was found murdered in the River Leven in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The investigation lead to the murder becoming one of Scotland's most notorious unsolved crimes and was a cold case for 27 years until the conviction of three people in 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Glachan was born in Derry, Northern Ireland. She was an only child. At the time of her death she was a fourth-year pupil at Our Lady and St Patrick's High School in Dumbarton.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Glachan lived in Bonhill. On the night of 24 August Glachan planned to meet her boyfriend at a bridge after being cautioned by her best friend. Caroline was last seen as she walked along Dillichip Loan to a friend's house from shops on the Ladyton estate at Renton after spending the evening with friends. She was walking towards Dillichip Bridge and then on to the river towpath as a shortcut.",
"title": "Murder"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Her partly submerged body was found in the River Leven, near Place of Bonhill in Renton the following day by a passer-by. She was found with extensive injuries to her scalp, face and neck sustained from blunt force trauma. The day her body was discovered by police was on her mother's 40th birthday. A pathologist found that ten “significant blows” to the head had rendered her unconscious before she went into the river. The group of teenagers verbally abused her and repeatedly kicked and punched her on the head and body using a blunt instrument of some kind. The cause of death was considered to be drowning.",
"title": "Murder"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Glachan's funeral was held on 26 February 1997 in Alexandria.",
"title": "Murder"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The prime suspect was her boyfriend at the time Robert O'Brien. A taxi driver who knew Caroline witnessed a hooded figure further down the street, walking about 30 yards behind her. One key witness was a four-year-old boy. He had claimed witnessing a girl fall into the river.",
"title": "Investigation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In September 2006 a £15,000 reward was offered for information. In 2015, a further appeal was made by Police Scotland.",
"title": "Investigation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "On 5 September 2016 the case featured on BBC Crimewatch. This followed the original appeal on the programme in December 1996.",
"title": "Media coverage"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The case has appeared on STV's Unsolved and CBS's Donal MacIntyre: Unsolved.",
"title": "Media coverage"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In November 2021, three people were charged with the murder of Caroline Glachan. The trial began at the High Court in Glasgow in November 2023. On 14 December 2023, Robert O'Brien, aged 45, Andrew Kelly, 44, and Donna Marie Brand, also aged 44, and the late Sarah Jayne O’Neill (died 2019 and would’ve convicted for the death of Caroline) were convicted of Glachan's murder at the High Court in Glasgow. All three had been teenagers at the time the crime was committed. The sentencing is scheduled for January 2024, a date of which Caroline would have turned 42.",
"title": "Trial"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Other high-profile unsolved cases in Scotland:",
"title": "See also"
}
] | On 25 August 1996, Caroline Glachan, a fourteen-year-old Scottish girl, was found murdered in the River Leven in West Dunbartonshire, Scotland. The investigation lead to the murder becoming one of Scotland's most notorious unsolved crimes and was a cold case for 27 years until the conviction of three people in 2023. | 2023-12-07T19:15:17Z | 2023-12-18T15:44:39Z | [
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder_of_Caroline_Glachan |
75,509,547 | Diary of a Fleeting Affair | Diary of a Fleeting Affair (French: Chronique d'une liaison passagère) is a 2022 French comedy film directed by Emmanuel Mouret. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Diary of a Fleeting Affair (French: Chronique d'une liaison passagère) is a 2022 French comedy film directed by Emmanuel Mouret.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Diary of a Fleeting Affair is a 2022 French comedy film directed by Emmanuel Mouret. | 2023-12-07T19:18:14Z | 2023-12-22T07:18:05Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Ill",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Rotten Tomatoes",
"Template:Lang-fr",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:2020s-France-film-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diary_of_a_Fleeting_Affair |
75,509,578 | Attack on Looking Glass camp | The Attack on Looking Glass Camp was a military attack carried out on July 1, 1877 as part of the Nez Perce War by Captain Stephen G. Whipple of the United States Army on the village of the Native American chief Looking Glass, located near the Clearwater River, near the present-day town of Kooskia. Glass had refused to join the other Nez Perce factions hostile to the Americans, so General Oliver Otis Howard, relying on reports that Glass posed a threat, gave the order to arrest him and his group.
When the Americans arrived, Looking Glass told them they were living in peace and asked them to leave, but a shot fired by one of the civilian volunteers accompanying the soldiers precipitated the confrontation. Surprised by the attack, the Amerindians fled their village and took refuge in the surrounding hills. The soldiers then ransacked the camp, capturing nearly 700 horses and taking them back to Mount Idaho.
Although Looking Glass's camp was destroyed, the mission was a failure for the Americans, since Whipple was unable to capture the group of Native Americans. Moreover, Looking Glass, furious at the way he had been treated by the Americans, chose to join the other groups of hostile Nez-Percés, complicating the American army's task.
In 1855, the Nez Perce signed a treaty with the United States that established the boundaries of a reservation encompassing much of their traditional lands. In 1863, however, following the discovery of gold within the reservation, the U.S. government imposed a new treaty on the Nez Perce, reducing the size of the reservation by almost 90%. Several groups, including Looking Glass, refused to sign the "Treaty of Flight" and continued to live outside the reservation until the spring of 1877. In May 1877, after several incidents between settlers and the Nez-Percés, General Oliver Otis Howard, head of the Columbia Department, gave the rebels 30 days to return to the reservation. On June 14, 1877, as the various groups of Nez Perces gathered near Tolo Lake before finally rejoining the reservation, several young Nez Perces belonging to White Bird's group set out along the Salmon River to avenge the death of a relative killed by whites a few years earlier. Back at camp, they announced that they had killed four men and wounded another. Over the next two days, some sixteen Nez Perces, carried away by the fury of war, launched new raids on the surrounding villages, killing 18 whites and severely wounding 6 others.
Knowing that the army would respond to these attacks, most of the Amerindians prepared to leave. The Looking Glass group returned to their lands within the boundaries of the reservation, near the Clearwater, hoping to avoid any confrontation with the soldiers. The groups of Chief Joseph, Toohoolhoolzote and White Bird gathered not far from the mouth of Cottonwood Creek, then planned to settle near Looking Glass's camp. Furious with White Bird for not having been able to prevent the young men of his group from committing these attacks, Looking Glass opposed their coming and addressed these words to them:
My hands are clean of white men's blood, and I want you to know they will so remain. You have acted like fools in murdering white men. I will have no part in these things, and have nothing to do with such men. If you are determined to go and fight, go and fight yourselves and do not attempt to embroil me or my people. Go back with your warriors; I do not want any of your band in my camp. I wish to live in peace.
Chief Joseph, Toohoolhoolzote and White Bird then set off for White Bird Canyon, some forty kilometers to the south.
When General Howard received news of these incidents on June 15 at Fort Lapwai, he sent two companies of cavalry under the command of Captain David Perry to assist the inhabitants of Grangeville and Mount Idaho, some 80 km from Lapwai. While there, Perry was persuaded by the people of Grangeville to pursue the Indians before they crossed the Salmon River. At dawn on June 17, American troops entered White Bird Canyon, while the Nez Perce stood ready to confront them. The ensuing battle was a heavy defeat for the American army; Perry lost 34 of his men, while the Nez Perce suffered no casualties.
Having learned of the scale of the defeat, General Howard mobilized troops and took charge of the campaign. Certain that the Americans would be back in force, the Amerindians preferred to retreat to the other side of the Salmon River, even if it meant re-crossing at another point if the soldiers decided to pursue them. On June 29, just as Howard was about to cross, he received word that Looking Glass and his party posed a threat and might join the conflict. Volunteers from Mount Idaho reported that Nez Perces from Looking Glass's group had looted two properties near the Clearwater and set fire to one of them, and reports suggested that at least twenty of them had joined the hostile Native Americans, when in fact only a few had actually participated in the battle of White Bird Canyon. Other rumors claimed that Looking Glass and his warriors were preparing to attack the surrounding villages. Until then, Howard had always been skeptical that Looking Glass could play a role in the conflict, and was satisfied that he had chosen to stay on his land, but this latest information changed his mind and he ordered Captain Stephen Girard Whipple to "arrest Indian Chief Looking Glass, and all other Indians who may be encamped with or near him, between the arms of the Clearwater, and imprison them at Mount Idaho, turning them over to the volunteer organization of that place for safe keeping".
The soldiers sent by General Howard formed Companies E and L of the 1st Cavalry Regiment, totaling 67 men, plus twenty civilian volunteers in Mount Idaho were led by Darius B. Randall. Company L was commanded by Captain Stephen G. Whipple, with Edwin H. Shelton as first lieutenant and Sevier M. Rains as second lieutenant. Company E was led by Captain William H. Winters, with Albert G. Forse as first lieutenant and William H. Miller as second lieutenant. The troops initially carried two Gatling guns, but these were left at Mount Idaho before reaching the Native American camp.
The Looking Glass camp was situated on the banks of Clear Creek, not far from its confluence with the Central Branch of the Clearwater, near the present-day town of Kooskia and some thirty kilometers northeast of Mount Idaho. It was home to a dozen tipis and, on the day of the attack, probably fewer than twenty warriors, as well as around 120 women, children and elderly people. Most of the inhabitants were followers of the Waashat Religion, and as July 1 was a Sunday, some of them went to Kamiah to take part in a religious ceremony.
The Amerindians called this place Kamnaka, where they grew potatoes, corn, squash and melons, and some of them raised dairy cows.
The two American cavalry companies left the Salmon River at 9 p.m. on June 29, heading for Mount Idaho, which they reached at dawn on June 30. There, Whipple left his two Gatling guns and a few men to maneuver them, and after giving the rest of the troops several hours to rest, he set off again in the late afternoon, accompanied by twenty civilian volunteers led by Darius B. Randall. Whipple planned to ride at night, hoping to arrive at the Native camp before dawn to take its occupants by surprise, but due to the rugged nature of the terrain and a miscalculation (the camp was fifteen kilometers further away than planned), they didn't arrive until 7 a.m. on the morning of July 1st, well after sunrise. The American troops dismounted and positioned themselves on the crest of a hill, some 400 m west of the Amerindian village from which they were separated by Clear Creek.
Alerted by the arrival of the soldiers, Looking Glass, who was having breakfast in his tepee with several of his men, sent Peopeo Tholekt to tell them that they were living here in peace, and asked them to leave them alone. The young warrior mounted his horse, crossed Clear Creek and climbed the hill where the Americans were stationed. One of the volunteers welcomed him in nez perce, and Peopeo Tholekt delivered Looking Glass' message. As he talked to the interpreter, other – apparently drunk – volunteers approached and one of them asked him in English: "You Looking Glass?", poking him in the ribs with the barrel of his rifle. After the interpreter had convinced him that it wasn't Looking Glass, he asked Peopeo Tholekt to inform his boss so that he could come and negotiate in person.
Having seen how the Americans had treated Peopeo Tholekt, and fearing that they might kill their leader, the Nez Perces advised Looking Glass not to go. He asked Peopeo Tholekt, and Kalowet who spoke a little English, to return to the American troops and ask them once again to leave. After planting a flagpole between the Looking Glass tepee and Clear Creek, on which a white flag was hung as a white flag, the two Amerindians went back to the Americans and repeated their message of peace. Again, the same volunteer threatened to kill Peopeo Tholekt, certain that he was Looking Glass, but the interpreter pointed out that he was too young to be Looking Glass and made him lower his weapon. This time, one of the officers, accompanied by two or three men and the interpreter, returned to the camp with Peopeo Tholekt and Kalowet and asked to see Looking Glass. As they arrived at the white flag, someone – probably one of the volunteers – fired a shot in the direction of the camp and wounded an Amerindian in the hip, putting an end to all attempts at negotiation.
After the first shot, the Americans accompanying the Amerindians to the camp turned their horses around and hurried back to the rest of the troops. A general fusillade broke out in the camp, causing panic among its occupants. Despite the late hour, the attack took the Amerindians by surprise, and very few attempted to fight back. In small groups, they fled to the north and east of the village, seeking cover from the soldiers in the bushes. Soon, however, the firing ceased and the American soldiers came down the hill in tirailleur formation, across Clear Creek and into the deserted camp. The Nez-Percés had taken refuge upstream from Clearwater and on a hill to the east of the village, out of range of American fire.
At the same time, Lieutenants Forse and Shelton, accompanied by some 20 men, captured the Nez Percés' herd of horses. The Americans then ransacked the Amerindians' camp, searching their tipis for the few valuables and destroying the rest of their possessions. The soldiers then attempted to set fire to the tipis, but only two actually caught fire. The Americans finally returned to Mount Idaho, taking with them more than 600 horses belonging to the Nez-Percés.
We thus stirred up a new hornet's nest.
Général Oliver Otis Howard Brown (1967), p. 168
The attack was a major blow to the Nez-Percés of Looking Glass. Their homes and most of their possessions were destroyed, as were their vegetable gardens, which were ransacked and trampled by the Americans' horses. They also lost most of their horses and cattle. According to Peopeo Tholekt, three or four Nez-Percés were wounded, one fatally. A woman and her baby were also killed while attempting to cross the Clearwater north of the village, when their horse was swept away by the current. The Americans suffered no casualties.
In a report, Whipple states that "an opportunity was given Looking Glass to surrender, which he at first promised to accept, but afterward defiantly refused, and the result was that severals Indians were killed" but Peopeo Tholekt insists that at no time did Looking Glass agree to surrender and that he instead sought to avoid meeting the soldiers.
Despite Whipple's apparent success, General Howard was not entirely satisfied with the outcome. Due to the late arrival at the camp and the loss of the element of surprise, the main objective of capturing Looking Glass and his group was not achieved. Worse still, the American army's task was complicated by the fact that Looking Glass, furious at having been treated in this way, chose to join the other Nez-Percés factions hostile to the Americans, as did the Palouse chief Husishusis Kute and his group based not far from Looking Glass's camp. This not only strengthened the ranks of the Nez-Percés fighters, but also gave them, in Looking Glass, a recognized and respected military leader who was familiar with the Montana lands to which the Amerindians would later head.
Since 1966, the site of the Looking Glass camp has been occupied by a fish hatchery run by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. On July 1, 2000, a wildlife observation trail was inaugurated around the site, and in 2003, a replica of an ancient bronze historical marker originally erected in 1928 was installed to commemorate the July 1, 1877 attack. A historical sign has also been installed along U.S. Route 12. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Attack on Looking Glass Camp was a military attack carried out on July 1, 1877 as part of the Nez Perce War by Captain Stephen G. Whipple of the United States Army on the village of the Native American chief Looking Glass, located near the Clearwater River, near the present-day town of Kooskia. Glass had refused to join the other Nez Perce factions hostile to the Americans, so General Oliver Otis Howard, relying on reports that Glass posed a threat, gave the order to arrest him and his group.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "When the Americans arrived, Looking Glass told them they were living in peace and asked them to leave, but a shot fired by one of the civilian volunteers accompanying the soldiers precipitated the confrontation. Surprised by the attack, the Amerindians fled their village and took refuge in the surrounding hills. The soldiers then ransacked the camp, capturing nearly 700 horses and taking them back to Mount Idaho.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Although Looking Glass's camp was destroyed, the mission was a failure for the Americans, since Whipple was unable to capture the group of Native Americans. Moreover, Looking Glass, furious at the way he had been treated by the Americans, chose to join the other groups of hostile Nez-Percés, complicating the American army's task.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1855, the Nez Perce signed a treaty with the United States that established the boundaries of a reservation encompassing much of their traditional lands. In 1863, however, following the discovery of gold within the reservation, the U.S. government imposed a new treaty on the Nez Perce, reducing the size of the reservation by almost 90%. Several groups, including Looking Glass, refused to sign the \"Treaty of Flight\" and continued to live outside the reservation until the spring of 1877. In May 1877, after several incidents between settlers and the Nez-Percés, General Oliver Otis Howard, head of the Columbia Department, gave the rebels 30 days to return to the reservation. On June 14, 1877, as the various groups of Nez Perces gathered near Tolo Lake before finally rejoining the reservation, several young Nez Perces belonging to White Bird's group set out along the Salmon River to avenge the death of a relative killed by whites a few years earlier. Back at camp, they announced that they had killed four men and wounded another. Over the next two days, some sixteen Nez Perces, carried away by the fury of war, launched new raids on the surrounding villages, killing 18 whites and severely wounding 6 others.",
"title": "Context"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Knowing that the army would respond to these attacks, most of the Amerindians prepared to leave. The Looking Glass group returned to their lands within the boundaries of the reservation, near the Clearwater, hoping to avoid any confrontation with the soldiers. The groups of Chief Joseph, Toohoolhoolzote and White Bird gathered not far from the mouth of Cottonwood Creek, then planned to settle near Looking Glass's camp. Furious with White Bird for not having been able to prevent the young men of his group from committing these attacks, Looking Glass opposed their coming and addressed these words to them:",
"title": "Context"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "My hands are clean of white men's blood, and I want you to know they will so remain. You have acted like fools in murdering white men. I will have no part in these things, and have nothing to do with such men. If you are determined to go and fight, go and fight yourselves and do not attempt to embroil me or my people. Go back with your warriors; I do not want any of your band in my camp. I wish to live in peace.",
"title": "Context"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Chief Joseph, Toohoolhoolzote and White Bird then set off for White Bird Canyon, some forty kilometers to the south.",
"title": "Context"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "When General Howard received news of these incidents on June 15 at Fort Lapwai, he sent two companies of cavalry under the command of Captain David Perry to assist the inhabitants of Grangeville and Mount Idaho, some 80 km from Lapwai. While there, Perry was persuaded by the people of Grangeville to pursue the Indians before they crossed the Salmon River. At dawn on June 17, American troops entered White Bird Canyon, while the Nez Perce stood ready to confront them. The ensuing battle was a heavy defeat for the American army; Perry lost 34 of his men, while the Nez Perce suffered no casualties.",
"title": "Context"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Having learned of the scale of the defeat, General Howard mobilized troops and took charge of the campaign. Certain that the Americans would be back in force, the Amerindians preferred to retreat to the other side of the Salmon River, even if it meant re-crossing at another point if the soldiers decided to pursue them. On June 29, just as Howard was about to cross, he received word that Looking Glass and his party posed a threat and might join the conflict. Volunteers from Mount Idaho reported that Nez Perces from Looking Glass's group had looted two properties near the Clearwater and set fire to one of them, and reports suggested that at least twenty of them had joined the hostile Native Americans, when in fact only a few had actually participated in the battle of White Bird Canyon. Other rumors claimed that Looking Glass and his warriors were preparing to attack the surrounding villages. Until then, Howard had always been skeptical that Looking Glass could play a role in the conflict, and was satisfied that he had chosen to stay on his land, but this latest information changed his mind and he ordered Captain Stephen Girard Whipple to \"arrest Indian Chief Looking Glass, and all other Indians who may be encamped with or near him, between the arms of the Clearwater, and imprison them at Mount Idaho, turning them over to the volunteer organization of that place for safe keeping\".",
"title": "Context"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The soldiers sent by General Howard formed Companies E and L of the 1st Cavalry Regiment, totaling 67 men, plus twenty civilian volunteers in Mount Idaho were led by Darius B. Randall. Company L was commanded by Captain Stephen G. Whipple, with Edwin H. Shelton as first lieutenant and Sevier M. Rains as second lieutenant. Company E was led by Captain William H. Winters, with Albert G. Forse as first lieutenant and William H. Miller as second lieutenant. The troops initially carried two Gatling guns, but these were left at Mount Idaho before reaching the Native American camp.",
"title": "Forces involved"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The Looking Glass camp was situated on the banks of Clear Creek, not far from its confluence with the Central Branch of the Clearwater, near the present-day town of Kooskia and some thirty kilometers northeast of Mount Idaho. It was home to a dozen tipis and, on the day of the attack, probably fewer than twenty warriors, as well as around 120 women, children and elderly people. Most of the inhabitants were followers of the Waashat Religion, and as July 1 was a Sunday, some of them went to Kamiah to take part in a religious ceremony.",
"title": "Forces involved"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The Amerindians called this place Kamnaka, where they grew potatoes, corn, squash and melons, and some of them raised dairy cows.",
"title": "Forces involved"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "The two American cavalry companies left the Salmon River at 9 p.m. on June 29, heading for Mount Idaho, which they reached at dawn on June 30. There, Whipple left his two Gatling guns and a few men to maneuver them, and after giving the rest of the troops several hours to rest, he set off again in the late afternoon, accompanied by twenty civilian volunteers led by Darius B. Randall. Whipple planned to ride at night, hoping to arrive at the Native camp before dawn to take its occupants by surprise, but due to the rugged nature of the terrain and a miscalculation (the camp was fifteen kilometers further away than planned), they didn't arrive until 7 a.m. on the morning of July 1st, well after sunrise. The American troops dismounted and positioned themselves on the crest of a hill, some 400 m west of the Amerindian village from which they were separated by Clear Creek.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Alerted by the arrival of the soldiers, Looking Glass, who was having breakfast in his tepee with several of his men, sent Peopeo Tholekt to tell them that they were living here in peace, and asked them to leave them alone. The young warrior mounted his horse, crossed Clear Creek and climbed the hill where the Americans were stationed. One of the volunteers welcomed him in nez perce, and Peopeo Tholekt delivered Looking Glass' message. As he talked to the interpreter, other – apparently drunk – volunteers approached and one of them asked him in English: \"You Looking Glass?\", poking him in the ribs with the barrel of his rifle. After the interpreter had convinced him that it wasn't Looking Glass, he asked Peopeo Tholekt to inform his boss so that he could come and negotiate in person.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Having seen how the Americans had treated Peopeo Tholekt, and fearing that they might kill their leader, the Nez Perces advised Looking Glass not to go. He asked Peopeo Tholekt, and Kalowet who spoke a little English, to return to the American troops and ask them once again to leave. After planting a flagpole between the Looking Glass tepee and Clear Creek, on which a white flag was hung as a white flag, the two Amerindians went back to the Americans and repeated their message of peace. Again, the same volunteer threatened to kill Peopeo Tholekt, certain that he was Looking Glass, but the interpreter pointed out that he was too young to be Looking Glass and made him lower his weapon. This time, one of the officers, accompanied by two or three men and the interpreter, returned to the camp with Peopeo Tholekt and Kalowet and asked to see Looking Glass. As they arrived at the white flag, someone – probably one of the volunteers – fired a shot in the direction of the camp and wounded an Amerindian in the hip, putting an end to all attempts at negotiation.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "After the first shot, the Americans accompanying the Amerindians to the camp turned their horses around and hurried back to the rest of the troops. A general fusillade broke out in the camp, causing panic among its occupants. Despite the late hour, the attack took the Amerindians by surprise, and very few attempted to fight back. In small groups, they fled to the north and east of the village, seeking cover from the soldiers in the bushes. Soon, however, the firing ceased and the American soldiers came down the hill in tirailleur formation, across Clear Creek and into the deserted camp. The Nez-Percés had taken refuge upstream from Clearwater and on a hill to the east of the village, out of range of American fire.",
"title": "Attack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "At the same time, Lieutenants Forse and Shelton, accompanied by some 20 men, captured the Nez Percés' herd of horses. The Americans then ransacked the Amerindians' camp, searching their tipis for the few valuables and destroying the rest of their possessions. The soldiers then attempted to set fire to the tipis, but only two actually caught fire. The Americans finally returned to Mount Idaho, taking with them more than 600 horses belonging to the Nez-Percés.",
"title": "Attack"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "We thus stirred up a new hornet's nest.",
"title": "Results and consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Général Oliver Otis Howard Brown (1967), p. 168",
"title": "Results and consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "The attack was a major blow to the Nez-Percés of Looking Glass. Their homes and most of their possessions were destroyed, as were their vegetable gardens, which were ransacked and trampled by the Americans' horses. They also lost most of their horses and cattle. According to Peopeo Tholekt, three or four Nez-Percés were wounded, one fatally. A woman and her baby were also killed while attempting to cross the Clearwater north of the village, when their horse was swept away by the current. The Americans suffered no casualties.",
"title": "Results and consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "In a report, Whipple states that \"an opportunity was given Looking Glass to surrender, which he at first promised to accept, but afterward defiantly refused, and the result was that severals Indians were killed\" but Peopeo Tholekt insists that at no time did Looking Glass agree to surrender and that he instead sought to avoid meeting the soldiers.",
"title": "Results and consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Despite Whipple's apparent success, General Howard was not entirely satisfied with the outcome. Due to the late arrival at the camp and the loss of the element of surprise, the main objective of capturing Looking Glass and his group was not achieved. Worse still, the American army's task was complicated by the fact that Looking Glass, furious at having been treated in this way, chose to join the other Nez-Percés factions hostile to the Americans, as did the Palouse chief Husishusis Kute and his group based not far from Looking Glass's camp. This not only strengthened the ranks of the Nez-Percés fighters, but also gave them, in Looking Glass, a recognized and respected military leader who was familiar with the Montana lands to which the Amerindians would later head.",
"title": "Results and consequences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Since 1966, the site of the Looking Glass camp has been occupied by a fish hatchery run by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. On July 1, 2000, a wildlife observation trail was inaugurated around the site, and in 2003, a replica of an ancient bronze historical marker originally erected in 1928 was installed to commemorate the July 1, 1877 attack. A historical sign has also been installed along U.S. Route 12.",
"title": "Places of remembrance"
}
] | The Attack on Looking Glass Camp was a military attack carried out on July 1, 1877 as part of the Nez Perce War by Captain Stephen G. Whipple of the United States Army on the village of the Native American chief Looking Glass, located near the Clearwater River, near the present-day town of Kooskia. Glass had refused to join the other Nez Perce factions hostile to the Americans, so General Oliver Otis Howard, relying on reports that Glass posed a threat, gave the order to arrest him and his group. When the Americans arrived, Looking Glass told them they were living in peace and asked them to leave, but a shot fired by one of the civilian volunteers accompanying the soldiers precipitated the confrontation. Surprised by the attack, the Amerindians fled their village and took refuge in the surrounding hills. The soldiers then ransacked the camp, capturing nearly 700 horses and taking them back to Mount Idaho. Although Looking Glass's camp was destroyed, the mission was a failure for the Americans, since Whipple was unable to capture the group of Native Americans. Moreover, Looking Glass, furious at the way he had been treated by the Americans, chose to join the other groups of hostile Nez-Percés, complicating the American army's task. | 2023-12-07T19:22:10Z | 2023-12-26T13:44:20Z | [
"Template:Campaignbox Nez Perce Campaign",
"Template:Harvp",
"Template:Harvsp",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Portal bar",
"Template:Nez Perce War",
"Template:Main",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox military conflict",
"Template:Blockquote",
"Template:Quote box",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Looking_Glass_camp |
75,509,586 | Amos Garren | Franklin "Amos" Garren was the first bassist for Bill Monroe and his band, the Blue Grass Boys. He was the bass player on Monroe's hit recording of "Mule Skinner Blues." Though he was not in the Blue Grass Boys for a long time, his impact as a double bass player is still seen today.
Franklin "Amos" Garren was born in North Carolina on May 10, 1914. He was one of the first bluegrass "bass players." Bill Monroe selected Amos Garren to become his bass player after the band moved to Greenville, South Carolina. Amos Garren was hired in 1942, as Bill Monroe, known now as the "father of bluegrass music", was assembling his band. Garren died on May 10, 1977.
Amos Garren started his career with Bill Monroe & The Bluegrass Boys in August of 1939, after "Snowball" Millard left the band in July to be with his wife who was expecting a baby. The band praised Garren for his singing abilities. The band's gospel songs were given more attention by listeners because of the quartet style in which they were performed. The quartet featured Garren on lead, Monroe and Art Wooten on tenor, and Johnnie Davis on bass. The band was the first to receive an encore on a broadcast, during a performance on the Grand Ole Opry. After the Garren was hired, Monroe began promoting the band and this specific lineup. Amos was playing bass with Monroe when Monroe made his Opry debut. Monroe loved his solid foundation on the bass and was happy in hiring Garren, as now Davis has a solid backing for his rhythm. Amos Garren left the band in 1940, right before the Blue Grass Boys recorded their first album. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Franklin \"Amos\" Garren was the first bassist for Bill Monroe and his band, the Blue Grass Boys. He was the bass player on Monroe's hit recording of \"Mule Skinner Blues.\" Though he was not in the Blue Grass Boys for a long time, his impact as a double bass player is still seen today.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Franklin \"Amos\" Garren was born in North Carolina on May 10, 1914. He was one of the first bluegrass \"bass players.\" Bill Monroe selected Amos Garren to become his bass player after the band moved to Greenville, South Carolina. Amos Garren was hired in 1942, as Bill Monroe, known now as the \"father of bluegrass music\", was assembling his band. Garren died on May 10, 1977.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Amos Garren started his career with Bill Monroe & The Bluegrass Boys in August of 1939, after \"Snowball\" Millard left the band in July to be with his wife who was expecting a baby. The band praised Garren for his singing abilities. The band's gospel songs were given more attention by listeners because of the quartet style in which they were performed. The quartet featured Garren on lead, Monroe and Art Wooten on tenor, and Johnnie Davis on bass. The band was the first to receive an encore on a broadcast, during a performance on the Grand Ole Opry. After the Garren was hired, Monroe began promoting the band and this specific lineup. Amos was playing bass with Monroe when Monroe made his Opry debut. Monroe loved his solid foundation on the bass and was happy in hiring Garren, as now Davis has a solid backing for his rhythm. Amos Garren left the band in 1940, right before the Blue Grass Boys recorded their first album.",
"title": "Professional career"
}
] | Franklin "Amos" Garren was the first bassist for Bill Monroe and his band, the Blue Grass Boys. He was the bass player on Monroe's hit recording of "Mule Skinner Blues." Though he was not in the Blue Grass Boys for a long time, his impact as a double bass player is still seen today. | 2023-12-07T19:24:04Z | 2023-12-28T09:54:00Z | [
"Template:More footnotes",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite book"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amos_Garren |
75,509,595 | OMT-28 | OMT-28 is a synthetic analog of omega-3 epoxyeicosatrienoic acids developed for atrial fibrillation. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "OMT-28 is a synthetic analog of omega-3 epoxyeicosatrienoic acids developed for atrial fibrillation.",
"title": ""
}
] | OMT-28 is a synthetic analog of omega-3 epoxyeicosatrienoic acids developed for atrial fibrillation. | 2023-12-07T19:25:37Z | 2023-12-31T23:27:57Z | [
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OMT-28 |
75,509,612 | Pulpit in the Pisa Baptistery | The pulpit in the Pisa Baptistery was completed by Nicola Pisano and his assistants in 1260, and has long been regarded as a landmark in Italian art, especially for its large relief panels around the platform. For Kenneth Clark the pulpit was "that false dawn of the Renaissance", as its innovations were not followed up for some time. The nude male figure, called Daniel or Fortitude, but based on a Roman Hercules, has long been a particular focus of attention as "the first heroic nude in Italian art" (as opposed to Roman art).
Large raised pulpits, elaborately carved with relief panels, were important monuments in the Italian Duecento, with the best known including those of the baptistery at Pisa (dated 1260), Siena Cathedral Pulpit (1268) also by Nicola Pisano, and by his son Giovanni Pisano, the Pulpit of Sant' Andrea, Pistoia, 1297–1301, and that in Pisa Cathedral (1302–1310).
The pulpit is 415 cm high, 371 wide at the base, and 259.5 deep. The main reliefs measure 33.5 x 44.5 inches, and the single figures such as the Daniel/Fortitude figure 22 inches. The pulpit has a large platform, a regular hexagon held up by five columns and currently reached by modern steps in wood. The outer face of the low parapet around this space has five panels in marble relief, showing scenes from the Life of Christ; the sixth side allows access. Many have suffered considerable damage, with heads and parts of bodies missing; the Napoleonic looting of art is usually blamed for this.
The main body is made from Carrara marble, quarried nearby, for which Pisa was the main shipping port. The columns and smaller "colonnettes" are of polished granite or a "variegated red marble". They are perhaps Roman spolia, perhaps from Orvieto.
The most famous panel is a Nativity scene, which is combined with an Annunciation at left, an Adoration of the Shepherds at right, and a Washing of the Christ Child at the bottom. The Virgin Mary appears twice, as does the baby Jesus. The Jesus in the bath, as usual seeming rather well-developed for a newborn, has lost his head and an arm, and the ox and ass behind the manger holding the other Jesus are cut off at the bottom of the neck. The "massive, reclining figure of the Virgin" in the Nativity dominates the scene, while the "immediately juxtaposed repetition of her head in that of the Virgin Annunciate creates a strong central accent which was once completed by the now mutilated figure of the Christ Child".
There is a clear hieratic progression in the size of the figures, with the reclining figure of the Nativity Virgin the largest. She is far larger than the trio at the bottom and front of the picture space: Saint Joseph and the two nurses. This hieratic element is much less marked in the other reliefs, though still present. The scenes become progressively more crowded with figures, perhaps suggesting that they were designed in their narrative sequence.
The series continues with an Adoration of the Magi, a Presentation of Jesus at the Temple, Crucifixion of Jesus, and finally a Last Judgment. An eagle lectern, an eagle with spread wings on which books and papers could be rested, projects at the corner between the Crucifixion and the Last Judgement.
It is certain, from some remains, that the backgrounds had "strongly patterned vitreous glazes on a gesso foundation". Some of the figures have inset black pieces for the pupils of the eyes, a common practice, and very likely the whole reliefs were painted in colours.
Below the Last Judgement is a carved inscription:
ANNO MILLENO BIS CENTUM BISQUE TRICENO HOC OPUS INSINGNE SCULPSIT NICOLA PISANUS LAUDETUR DINGNE TAM BENE DOCTA MANUS (In the year 1260, Nicola Pisano carved this noble work. May so greatly gifted a hand be praised as it deserves).
Below this there is a zone where six relatively small relief figures, "almost in the round", fill the spaces between the capitals of the columns and "an archivolt formed of trilobe arches with pierced cusps" under the panels. Their subjects are often taken to be the "Christian Virtues" (Charity, Fortitude, Temperance, Prudence, St John the Baptist, and Faith), but there has been a good deal of discussion over this, and even by 2000 "it has not been possible to obtain general consent even about the names of most of these figures". The most famous is the nude male said to represent Daniel as "Fortitude", who is (all are agreed) clearly based on classical images of Hercules, in a contrapposto pose. These figures are joined by arched elements with figures in the spandrels of the Four Evangelists, with miniature attributes, and Old Testament kings and prophets.
The pulpit is famous for its very early and effective revival of Roman forms and styles, but has considerable elements from both the prevailing Romanesque and the new Gothic style then entering Italy from the north. The city of Pisa regarded itself as a stronghold of enduring Romanitas, and an unusual number of Roman sculptures, mostly sarcophagi, were already on display, mostly around the Piazza dei Miracoli or cathedral precinct in which the baptistery sits.
In particular, one sarcophagus, at that point actually placed on the cathedral facade, has a seated figure of Phaedra which Nicola followed closely for the Virgin in his Adoration of the Magi, as was already noticed by Vasari. The Simeon at far right in the Presentation is based on a Roman Dionysus; both are supported by a young figure, respectively an acolyte and a satyr.
Elements which have been noted as retaining older medieval styles, Romanesque and Italo-Byzantine, include drapery which "breaks into sharp angles providing an all-over network" rather than classical fluidity, and the disproportionately large head of the Daniel/Hercules.
The Nativity has the Byzantine elements of the cave and the Virgin reclining on a klinē (couch), as well as the midwives bathing the baby Jesus below the Virgin.
Other elements draw from northern Gothic; the six arches below the platform are "just barely pointed", but have three-lobed tracery in the French Gothic manner. The capitals of the columns have "a classical firmness and precision" but the "projecting acanthus leaves resemble the much freer naturalistic foliate ornament in French Gothic cathedrals".
There is a similar blending of influences in the crowded Last Judgement panel, with a "French Gothic Christ", although "it is typical of Nicola that in this most French of scenes he should reach back to the Antique relief style of the battle sarcophagi with their even scattering of figures over the whole surface".
The figure of the crucified Christ here appears to be the first Italian use of the "Gothic innovation" of the "three-nail type", with a single nail piercing both feet, rather than the previous four-nail type with a different nail for each foot. The crossing of the legs this requires creates a curving rhythm in the legs, giving an "impression of plastic volume and organic movement".
This is the earliest known work by Nicola Pisano, but he must have been an experienced and highly-regarded master to have been given such an important and complex commission; he was probably working in Pisa by 1250. His assistants probably included his young son Giovanni Pisano, who said he was born in Pisa, and Arnolfo di Cambio, but unlike his next large job, the Siena Cathedral Pulpit, we have no documents recording the workers and payments. More than in the Siena pulpit, the Pisa one "seems largely to be due to a single hand", with "an apparently effortless technical virtuosity, particularly with the drill".
After some work on the Arca di San Domenico in Bologna in 1264–1265, and the Siena pulpit, completed in 1268, Nicola's last known project was the Fontana Maggiore in Perugia, completed in 1278. By 1284 he was dead.
In most of Europe the early Christian practice of having a distinct baptistery building, useful when large numbers of adult catechumens were being instructed and then baptised in groups by immersion, had lapsed by the Late Middle Ages, when baptisms were normally of infants, and used sprinkling with holy water rather than immersion. Instead, smaller fonts were placed inside the church. But in north Italy separate baptisteries revived, probably largely as an expression of civic pride, placed beside the cathedral, and often with a separate campanile or bell-tower.
Among the more spectacular Romanesque and Gothic examples, the Florence Baptistery was built between 1059 and 1128, the Parma Baptistery was begun in 1196, Pistoia in 1303, and the Siena Baptistery in 1316, then left incomplete some decades later.
In Pisa the baptistery's hexagonal pulpit closes a "contrapuntal rhythm" of geometrical shapes: the baptistery itself is circular, the altar enclosure rectangular, the font (1246) octagonal, and internally "the conical inner dome stands on a dodecagon. Apart from the "still, mathematical dance of architectural form", these numbers were probably understood as having a religious significance.
The Weston Cast Court in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London has a full-scale replica plaster cast, with paint, made in 1864 by Messrs Franchi & Son of London and bought for £116 13s 4d. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The pulpit in the Pisa Baptistery was completed by Nicola Pisano and his assistants in 1260, and has long been regarded as a landmark in Italian art, especially for its large relief panels around the platform. For Kenneth Clark the pulpit was \"that false dawn of the Renaissance\", as its innovations were not followed up for some time. The nude male figure, called Daniel or Fortitude, but based on a Roman Hercules, has long been a particular focus of attention as \"the first heroic nude in Italian art\" (as opposed to Roman art).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Large raised pulpits, elaborately carved with relief panels, were important monuments in the Italian Duecento, with the best known including those of the baptistery at Pisa (dated 1260), Siena Cathedral Pulpit (1268) also by Nicola Pisano, and by his son Giovanni Pisano, the Pulpit of Sant' Andrea, Pistoia, 1297–1301, and that in Pisa Cathedral (1302–1310).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The pulpit is 415 cm high, 371 wide at the base, and 259.5 deep. The main reliefs measure 33.5 x 44.5 inches, and the single figures such as the Daniel/Fortitude figure 22 inches. The pulpit has a large platform, a regular hexagon held up by five columns and currently reached by modern steps in wood. The outer face of the low parapet around this space has five panels in marble relief, showing scenes from the Life of Christ; the sixth side allows access. Many have suffered considerable damage, with heads and parts of bodies missing; the Napoleonic looting of art is usually blamed for this.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The main body is made from Carrara marble, quarried nearby, for which Pisa was the main shipping port. The columns and smaller \"colonnettes\" are of polished granite or a \"variegated red marble\". They are perhaps Roman spolia, perhaps from Orvieto.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The most famous panel is a Nativity scene, which is combined with an Annunciation at left, an Adoration of the Shepherds at right, and a Washing of the Christ Child at the bottom. The Virgin Mary appears twice, as does the baby Jesus. The Jesus in the bath, as usual seeming rather well-developed for a newborn, has lost his head and an arm, and the ox and ass behind the manger holding the other Jesus are cut off at the bottom of the neck. The \"massive, reclining figure of the Virgin\" in the Nativity dominates the scene, while the \"immediately juxtaposed repetition of her head in that of the Virgin Annunciate creates a strong central accent which was once completed by the now mutilated figure of the Christ Child\".",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "There is a clear hieratic progression in the size of the figures, with the reclining figure of the Nativity Virgin the largest. She is far larger than the trio at the bottom and front of the picture space: Saint Joseph and the two nurses. This hieratic element is much less marked in the other reliefs, though still present. The scenes become progressively more crowded with figures, perhaps suggesting that they were designed in their narrative sequence.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The series continues with an Adoration of the Magi, a Presentation of Jesus at the Temple, Crucifixion of Jesus, and finally a Last Judgment. An eagle lectern, an eagle with spread wings on which books and papers could be rested, projects at the corner between the Crucifixion and the Last Judgement.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "It is certain, from some remains, that the backgrounds had \"strongly patterned vitreous glazes on a gesso foundation\". Some of the figures have inset black pieces for the pupils of the eyes, a common practice, and very likely the whole reliefs were painted in colours.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Below the Last Judgement is a carved inscription:",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "ANNO MILLENO BIS CENTUM BISQUE TRICENO HOC OPUS INSINGNE SCULPSIT NICOLA PISANUS LAUDETUR DINGNE TAM BENE DOCTA MANUS (In the year 1260, Nicola Pisano carved this noble work. May so greatly gifted a hand be praised as it deserves).",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Below this there is a zone where six relatively small relief figures, \"almost in the round\", fill the spaces between the capitals of the columns and \"an archivolt formed of trilobe arches with pierced cusps\" under the panels. Their subjects are often taken to be the \"Christian Virtues\" (Charity, Fortitude, Temperance, Prudence, St John the Baptist, and Faith), but there has been a good deal of discussion over this, and even by 2000 \"it has not been possible to obtain general consent even about the names of most of these figures\". The most famous is the nude male said to represent Daniel as \"Fortitude\", who is (all are agreed) clearly based on classical images of Hercules, in a contrapposto pose. These figures are joined by arched elements with figures in the spandrels of the Four Evangelists, with miniature attributes, and Old Testament kings and prophets.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The pulpit is famous for its very early and effective revival of Roman forms and styles, but has considerable elements from both the prevailing Romanesque and the new Gothic style then entering Italy from the north. The city of Pisa regarded itself as a stronghold of enduring Romanitas, and an unusual number of Roman sculptures, mostly sarcophagi, were already on display, mostly around the Piazza dei Miracoli or cathedral precinct in which the baptistery sits.",
"title": "Sources and influences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In particular, one sarcophagus, at that point actually placed on the cathedral facade, has a seated figure of Phaedra which Nicola followed closely for the Virgin in his Adoration of the Magi, as was already noticed by Vasari. The Simeon at far right in the Presentation is based on a Roman Dionysus; both are supported by a young figure, respectively an acolyte and a satyr.",
"title": "Sources and influences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Elements which have been noted as retaining older medieval styles, Romanesque and Italo-Byzantine, include drapery which \"breaks into sharp angles providing an all-over network\" rather than classical fluidity, and the disproportionately large head of the Daniel/Hercules.",
"title": "Sources and influences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The Nativity has the Byzantine elements of the cave and the Virgin reclining on a klinē (couch), as well as the midwives bathing the baby Jesus below the Virgin.",
"title": "Sources and influences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Other elements draw from northern Gothic; the six arches below the platform are \"just barely pointed\", but have three-lobed tracery in the French Gothic manner. The capitals of the columns have \"a classical firmness and precision\" but the \"projecting acanthus leaves resemble the much freer naturalistic foliate ornament in French Gothic cathedrals\".",
"title": "Sources and influences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "There is a similar blending of influences in the crowded Last Judgement panel, with a \"French Gothic Christ\", although \"it is typical of Nicola that in this most French of scenes he should reach back to the Antique relief style of the battle sarcophagi with their even scattering of figures over the whole surface\".",
"title": "Sources and influences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The figure of the crucified Christ here appears to be the first Italian use of the \"Gothic innovation\" of the \"three-nail type\", with a single nail piercing both feet, rather than the previous four-nail type with a different nail for each foot. The crossing of the legs this requires creates a curving rhythm in the legs, giving an \"impression of plastic volume and organic movement\".",
"title": "Sources and influences"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "This is the earliest known work by Nicola Pisano, but he must have been an experienced and highly-regarded master to have been given such an important and complex commission; he was probably working in Pisa by 1250. His assistants probably included his young son Giovanni Pisano, who said he was born in Pisa, and Arnolfo di Cambio, but unlike his next large job, the Siena Cathedral Pulpit, we have no documents recording the workers and payments. More than in the Siena pulpit, the Pisa one \"seems largely to be due to a single hand\", with \"an apparently effortless technical virtuosity, particularly with the drill\".",
"title": "Context"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "After some work on the Arca di San Domenico in Bologna in 1264–1265, and the Siena pulpit, completed in 1268, Nicola's last known project was the Fontana Maggiore in Perugia, completed in 1278. By 1284 he was dead.",
"title": "Context"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "In most of Europe the early Christian practice of having a distinct baptistery building, useful when large numbers of adult catechumens were being instructed and then baptised in groups by immersion, had lapsed by the Late Middle Ages, when baptisms were normally of infants, and used sprinkling with holy water rather than immersion. Instead, smaller fonts were placed inside the church. But in north Italy separate baptisteries revived, probably largely as an expression of civic pride, placed beside the cathedral, and often with a separate campanile or bell-tower.",
"title": "Context"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Among the more spectacular Romanesque and Gothic examples, the Florence Baptistery was built between 1059 and 1128, the Parma Baptistery was begun in 1196, Pistoia in 1303, and the Siena Baptistery in 1316, then left incomplete some decades later.",
"title": "Context"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "In Pisa the baptistery's hexagonal pulpit closes a \"contrapuntal rhythm\" of geometrical shapes: the baptistery itself is circular, the altar enclosure rectangular, the font (1246) octagonal, and internally \"the conical inner dome stands on a dodecagon. Apart from the \"still, mathematical dance of architectural form\", these numbers were probably understood as having a religious significance.",
"title": "Context"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "The Weston Cast Court in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London has a full-scale replica plaster cast, with paint, made in 1864 by Messrs Franchi & Son of London and bought for £116 13s 4d.",
"title": "Replica"
}
] | The pulpit in the Pisa Baptistery was completed by Nicola Pisano and his assistants in 1260, and has long been regarded as a landmark in Italian art, especially for its large relief panels around the platform. For Kenneth Clark the pulpit was "that false dawn of the Renaissance", as its innovations were not followed up for some time. The nude male figure, called Daniel or Fortitude, but based on a Roman Hercules, has long been a particular focus of attention as "the first heroic nude in Italian art". Large raised pulpits, elaborately carved with relief panels, were important monuments in the Italian Duecento, with the best known including those of the baptistery at Pisa, Siena Cathedral Pulpit (1268) also by Nicola Pisano, and by his son Giovanni Pisano, the Pulpit of Sant' Andrea, Pistoia, 1297–1301, and that in Pisa Cathedral (1302–1310). | 2023-12-07T19:28:23Z | 2023-12-25T21:01:15Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:ISBN"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulpit_in_the_Pisa_Baptistery |
75,509,618 | Timeline of the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies | This article covers the timeline of the most recent cycle of the process to redraw the constituency map for the House of Commons, namely the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies. For a summary of the outcome of the review, see 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies.
The process for periodic reviews of parliamentary constituencies in the United Kingdom is governed by the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986, as amended by the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and subsequently by the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020. This review was the successor to the 2018 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which was ultimately abandoned after it failed to pass into law. Considering the abandonment of the previous reviews since 2015, the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies is set to be the first successful review based on electoral registers drawn up using the Individual Electoral Registration model introduced from 2014 to 2015, which has drawn criticism regarding being a measure to influence future boundary reviews in the Conservatives' favour.
Under current legislation, the four Boundary Commissions of the United Kingdom were required to report on their next review of the boundaries of parliamentary constituencies before 1 July 2023. In order to meet this deadline, the Commissions began their work on 5 January 2021. Following three rounds of public consultation, all four Commissions submitted their final proposals to the Speaker of the House of Commons on 27 June 2023. The Speaker immediately laid these before Parliament and the reports were published on the respective Commissions' websites the following day. The new boundaries were formally introduced into UK law on 15 November 2023 through The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023. (The original deadline of the end of October was missed by the government, which, according to the Act, must only happen in exceptional circumstances).
The 2013 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies was launched by the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011. The process began in 2011 and was intended to be completed by 2013, but a January 2013 vote in the House of Commons temporarily stopped the process. The 2018 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies commenced following the 2015 general election and the four Boundary Commissions submitted their final recommendations to the Secretary of State on 5 September 2018 and made their reports public a week later. Leader of the House of Commons Andrea Leadsom told the House on 13 September 2018 that "it will be some time" before the necessary statutory instruments would be put forward for approval by both the Commons and the Lords. The proposals were never put forward for approval before the calling of the general election held on 12 December 2019, and in December 2020 the reviews were formally abandoned under the Schedule to the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020.
The Government's policy position regarding the process for the 2023 review was confirmed in a written statement, entitled Strengthening Democracy, by Minister of State for the Cabinet Office Chloe Smith on 24 March 2020. Smith confirmed in her written statement that primary legislation would be brought forward to remove the legal requirement to give effect to the recommendations of the Sixth Review and set the framework for future boundary reviews.
The main proposals in the statement were as follows:
A bill was introduced on 19 May 2020 to reflect the written statement and it received its Second Reading on 2 June 2020. The Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020 received royal assent on 14 December 2020. The Act amends the regulations underpinning the boundary review process, including the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986, Northern Ireland Act 1998, Boundary Commissions Act 1992 and Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011.
The four Boundary Commissions formally launched their 2023 reviews on 5 January 2021, to coincide with the release by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) of electorate data from analysis of the electoral registers that had been published on 2 March 2020. The commissions jointly calculated the relevant electoral quota/range to be used for the 2023 review and the allocation of parliamentary constituencies between the four nations. The English commission further divided its allocation between the nine regions of England.
The electorate of the United Kingdom, comprising 650 constituencies, as determined by the ONS, was 47,558,398 on 2 March 2020. The electorate of the five protected constituencies – Isle of Wight (two seats), Na h-Eileanan an Iar, Orkney and Shetland, and Ynys Môn – amounted to 220,132, leaving 47,338,266 to be distributed between the remaining 645 constituencies, which gave an electoral quota of 73,393. Each non-protected constituency must have an electorate which is within 5% of this quota, which gave a permitted range of 69,724 to 77,062. In Northern Ireland the legislation allows for a wider range, in certain prescribed circumstances, from 68,313 to 77,062.
Of the 646 unprotected constituencies (Isle of Wight currently has only one seat), 236 had electorates within the permitted range, while 203 were below and 207 were above.
The regional distribution of these seats is shown in the following table.
The 650 constituencies were allocated between the four nations of the UK in accordance with the method of allocation specified by the legislation as shown in the table below.
The Commission for England applied the same distribution formula to the English allocation, which results in the following redistribution of constituencies among the English regions:
* Excluding Isle of Wight
The current constituency boundaries were largely based on the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster Constituencies which was carried out by the Boundary Commissions between 2000 and 2007. The Scottish review was completed in time for the 2005 general election, with the other three reviews coming into effect at the 2010 general election. In England, the fifth review was based on the number of electors on the electoral register published in February 2000. The electorates were therefore already 10 years out of date by the time it came into effect, and over 20 years had elapsed between the publication of that register and the start of the 2023 reviews.
The table below shows the movements in the national/regional electorates since those used for the fifth review.
The detailed constituency and ward electorates issued by the ONS were based on the local authority boundaries which were currently effective and did not take account of prospective changes which were to be enacted on 1 December 2020. There were 31 such local authorities in England, of which 16 were London boroughs. The Commission for England subsequently worked with local authorities to produce updated data which included these 'prospective' wards. A comprehensive list of ward electorates was published on 24 March 2021.
The initial outline timetable published by the Commission for England was as follows:
The Boundary Commission for England published their initial proposals on 8 June 2021. The proposals represent significant changes to the existing boundaries, with just 47 existing constituencies remaining unchanged (just under 10% of existing constituencies). In addition, a further 69 constituencies were unchanged except to realign boundaries with new or prospective local government ward boundaries. Due to the constraints on the size of constituency electorates, it was not always possible to allocate whole numbers of constituencies to individual counties and to avoid crossing county boundaries. Accordingly, each region was divided into sub-regions which comprised a whole number of constituencies.
The information in the table below was primarily extracted from the commission's summary sheets for each region.
Initial proposals were published on 20 October 2021. As the number of constituencies in Northern Ireland remains the same, changes were only necessary to bring some of the electorates within the permitted range and align boundaries with those of revised local government wards. Belfast South would be enlarged into the countryside and renamed 'Belfast South and Mid Down'. East Antrim would be extended further west, while Fermanagh and South Tyrone would be extended further east into County Armagh.
The Boundary Commission for Scotland released its initial proposals on 14 October 2021.
The following table details the proposed changes, based on the commission's press release.
Initial proposals for constituencies in Wales were published on 8 September 2021, reducing Wales' constituencies by 8, from 40 to 32.
Apart from the protected constituency of Ynys Môn, no constituencies were unchanged. The table below summarises the relationship between the remaining current constituencies and the initial proposals.
Notes:
The proposed constituency of Bridgend contained the majority of the current constituency of Ogmore and a minority of the current constituency of Bridgend (including the town of Bridgend). The current constituency was effectively abolished, with the majority being included in the proposed constituency of Aberafon Porthcawl.
The proposed constituency of Vale of Glamorgan contained the majority of the existing constituency, but no part of any other constituency.
According to analysis carried out in October 2021 by electoral modelling consultancy Electoral Calculus, a total of 28 constituencies would disappear (i.e. be broken up and not form the larger part of any proposed seats), offset by 28 wholly new constituencies (proposed seats which do not contain the larger part of any pre-existing seat). If the 2019 general election was re-run under the boundaries in the initial proposals, it was estimated that a further 23 seats would change hands. The overall effect would be a net gain of 13 seats for the Conservatives, a net loss of 8 for Labour, a loss of 3 for the Liberal Democrats and 2 for Plaid Cymru. This was further analysed as follows:
The publication of the initial proposals by each of the Boundary Commissions was followed by eight-week consultation periods. In total, over 36,000 comments were received. The Commissions subsequently published these comments on their respective web sites and further six-week secondary consultation periods were then held, giving the opportunity for observations to be made on the comments made in the initial consultations. In addition, a total of 45 public hearings were conducted.
The Commission for England published revised proposals on 8 November 2022, followed by a third and final, four-week, consultation period ending on 5 December. After receiving over 45,000 comments over the previous two consultation periods, the Commission revised nearly half the proposed constituencies put forward in its initial review (including name changes). Of the 225 constituencies whose boundaries were revised, 90 have revised names. A further 34 constituencies changed names only. 55 of the 124 name changes reverted to the current constituency names, either because the revised constituency boundaries were more closely aligned with the current boundaries, or because local residents objected to the new names put forward by the commission. More extensive use of divided wards was included in the revised proposals, totalling 47, compared to 19 in the initial proposals. This enabled more communities to be kept together in one constituency and also meant that constituencies in some areas could more closely follow the existing configurations, resulting in fewer voters moving between seats.
The information in the table below was primarily extracted from the commission's summary sheets for each region.
The Commission for Northern Ireland published revised proposals for consultation on 14 November 2022.
Minor amendments were made to eight of the 18 constituencies, making more use of divided wards to minimise the changes necessary to the current configuration of constituencies. As a result of the revisions, the proposed name of the Strangford and Quoile constituency reverted to its current name of Strangford.
The Commission for Scotland also published revised proposals for consultation from 8 November to 5 December 2022.
Of the 55 mainland constituencies, 20 were unchanged from the initial proposals, including three with changed names only. Of the 35 revised constituencies, 20 also have revised names. There were no changes to the proposed groupings of council areas, but only the Ayrshire and East Renfrewshire groupings were completely unaffected.
The final proposals were announced in June 2023.
The Commission for Wales published revised proposals on 19 October 2022, with comments due no later than 15 November.
The Commission revised its initial proposals in terms of their geographical make-up in 22 of the 32 allocated constituencies, and 9 of the proposed constituency names were amended. Most of the adjustments resulted from moving electoral wards between neighbouring constituencies. The most significant change was combining western parts of Newport with the majority of the existing constituency of Islwyn, rather than parts of Caerphilly, on the basis of better local ties, to form Newport West and Islwyn. The existing constituency of Caerphilly is retained with relatively minor changes composed wholly of wards of Caerphilly County Borough Council. There were also some boundary realignments in North Wales.
According to Electoral Calculus, the revised proposals result in four fewer new and abolished seats (24 v 28) and seven fewer seats changing hands (16 v 23). Overall, compared to the initial proposals, this would result in three fewer seats won by the Conservative party at the 2019 general election and three fewer lost by the Labour party, resulting in a net gain of ten for the Conservatives and a net loss of five for Labour. In November 2022, professors Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher estimated the Conservatives would have won five additional seats in 2019, with Labour unchanged.
All four Commissions submitted their Final Recommendations Reports to the Speaker of the House of Commons on 27 June 2023 and they were immediately laid before Parliament. The reports were published on the respective Commissions' websites on 28 June 2023.
In England, after receiving a further 18,890 representations, 41 constituencies were revised, eight of which also involved a change of name. Most of these were relatively minor boundary changes between two neighbouring seats. In a further 45 constituencies, only the name was changed. This left 457 seats unaltered from the revised proposals published in November 2022. The final recommendations for England result in only 55 of the existing 533 constituencies remaining completely unchanged.
In Wales, 21 of the 32 seats were unaltered from the revised proposals; 10 had revised boundaries (of which five were renamed); and one had a name change only. In Scotland boundary changes affected 18 seats, of which 12 were renamed. Only name changes affected a further six, leaving 33 unaltered. In Northern Ireland, minor boundary changes affected five seats, with no changes to the proposed names.
Details relating to the final proposals are shown on 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies.
In accordance with the Parliamentary Constituencies Act, the Order in Council to formally introduce the new boundaries into UK law should have been approved by 28 October 2023 – 4 months after the publication of the final reports, unless "there are exceptional circumstances". However, The Order was not given until 15 November 2023, coming into effect on 29 November 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This article covers the timeline of the most recent cycle of the process to redraw the constituency map for the House of Commons, namely the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies. For a summary of the outcome of the review, see 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The process for periodic reviews of parliamentary constituencies in the United Kingdom is governed by the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986, as amended by the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011 and subsequently by the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020. This review was the successor to the 2018 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies, which was ultimately abandoned after it failed to pass into law. Considering the abandonment of the previous reviews since 2015, the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies is set to be the first successful review based on electoral registers drawn up using the Individual Electoral Registration model introduced from 2014 to 2015, which has drawn criticism regarding being a measure to influence future boundary reviews in the Conservatives' favour.",
"title": "Summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Under current legislation, the four Boundary Commissions of the United Kingdom were required to report on their next review of the boundaries of parliamentary constituencies before 1 July 2023. In order to meet this deadline, the Commissions began their work on 5 January 2021. Following three rounds of public consultation, all four Commissions submitted their final proposals to the Speaker of the House of Commons on 27 June 2023. The Speaker immediately laid these before Parliament and the reports were published on the respective Commissions' websites the following day. The new boundaries were formally introduced into UK law on 15 November 2023 through The Parliamentary Constituencies Order 2023. (The original deadline of the end of October was missed by the government, which, according to the Act, must only happen in exceptional circumstances).",
"title": "Summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The 2013 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies was launched by the Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011. The process began in 2011 and was intended to be completed by 2013, but a January 2013 vote in the House of Commons temporarily stopped the process. The 2018 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies commenced following the 2015 general election and the four Boundary Commissions submitted their final recommendations to the Secretary of State on 5 September 2018 and made their reports public a week later. Leader of the House of Commons Andrea Leadsom told the House on 13 September 2018 that \"it will be some time\" before the necessary statutory instruments would be put forward for approval by both the Commons and the Lords. The proposals were never put forward for approval before the calling of the general election held on 12 December 2019, and in December 2020 the reviews were formally abandoned under the Schedule to the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020.",
"title": "Previous reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Government's policy position regarding the process for the 2023 review was confirmed in a written statement, entitled Strengthening Democracy, by Minister of State for the Cabinet Office Chloe Smith on 24 March 2020. Smith confirmed in her written statement that primary legislation would be brought forward to remove the legal requirement to give effect to the recommendations of the Sixth Review and set the framework for future boundary reviews.",
"title": "Proposed changes"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The main proposals in the statement were as follows:",
"title": "Proposed changes"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "A bill was introduced on 19 May 2020 to reflect the written statement and it received its Second Reading on 2 June 2020. The Parliamentary Constituencies Act 2020 received royal assent on 14 December 2020. The Act amends the regulations underpinning the boundary review process, including the Parliamentary Constituencies Act 1986, Northern Ireland Act 1998, Boundary Commissions Act 1992 and Parliamentary Voting System and Constituencies Act 2011.",
"title": "Legislation"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The four Boundary Commissions formally launched their 2023 reviews on 5 January 2021, to coincide with the release by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) of electorate data from analysis of the electoral registers that had been published on 2 March 2020. The commissions jointly calculated the relevant electoral quota/range to be used for the 2023 review and the allocation of parliamentary constituencies between the four nations. The English commission further divided its allocation between the nine regions of England.",
"title": "Commencement of reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The electorate of the United Kingdom, comprising 650 constituencies, as determined by the ONS, was 47,558,398 on 2 March 2020. The electorate of the five protected constituencies – Isle of Wight (two seats), Na h-Eileanan an Iar, Orkney and Shetland, and Ynys Môn – amounted to 220,132, leaving 47,338,266 to be distributed between the remaining 645 constituencies, which gave an electoral quota of 73,393. Each non-protected constituency must have an electorate which is within 5% of this quota, which gave a permitted range of 69,724 to 77,062. In Northern Ireland the legislation allows for a wider range, in certain prescribed circumstances, from 68,313 to 77,062.",
"title": "Commencement of reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Of the 646 unprotected constituencies (Isle of Wight currently has only one seat), 236 had electorates within the permitted range, while 203 were below and 207 were above.",
"title": "Commencement of reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The regional distribution of these seats is shown in the following table.",
"title": "Commencement of reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The 650 constituencies were allocated between the four nations of the UK in accordance with the method of allocation specified by the legislation as shown in the table below.",
"title": "Commencement of reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "The Commission for England applied the same distribution formula to the English allocation, which results in the following redistribution of constituencies among the English regions:",
"title": "Commencement of reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "* Excluding Isle of Wight",
"title": "Commencement of reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The current constituency boundaries were largely based on the Fifth Periodic Review of Westminster Constituencies which was carried out by the Boundary Commissions between 2000 and 2007. The Scottish review was completed in time for the 2005 general election, with the other three reviews coming into effect at the 2010 general election. In England, the fifth review was based on the number of electors on the electoral register published in February 2000. The electorates were therefore already 10 years out of date by the time it came into effect, and over 20 years had elapsed between the publication of that register and the start of the 2023 reviews.",
"title": "Commencement of reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "The table below shows the movements in the national/regional electorates since those used for the fifth review.",
"title": "Commencement of reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "The detailed constituency and ward electorates issued by the ONS were based on the local authority boundaries which were currently effective and did not take account of prospective changes which were to be enacted on 1 December 2020. There were 31 such local authorities in England, of which 16 were London boroughs. The Commission for England subsequently worked with local authorities to produce updated data which included these 'prospective' wards. A comprehensive list of ward electorates was published on 24 March 2021.",
"title": "Commencement of reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "The initial outline timetable published by the Commission for England was as follows:",
"title": "Commencement of reviews"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "The Boundary Commission for England published their initial proposals on 8 June 2021. The proposals represent significant changes to the existing boundaries, with just 47 existing constituencies remaining unchanged (just under 10% of existing constituencies). In addition, a further 69 constituencies were unchanged except to realign boundaries with new or prospective local government ward boundaries. Due to the constraints on the size of constituency electorates, it was not always possible to allocate whole numbers of constituencies to individual counties and to avoid crossing county boundaries. Accordingly, each region was divided into sub-regions which comprised a whole number of constituencies.",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "The information in the table below was primarily extracted from the commission's summary sheets for each region.",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Initial proposals were published on 20 October 2021. As the number of constituencies in Northern Ireland remains the same, changes were only necessary to bring some of the electorates within the permitted range and align boundaries with those of revised local government wards. Belfast South would be enlarged into the countryside and renamed 'Belfast South and Mid Down'. East Antrim would be extended further west, while Fermanagh and South Tyrone would be extended further east into County Armagh.",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "The Boundary Commission for Scotland released its initial proposals on 14 October 2021.",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "The following table details the proposed changes, based on the commission's press release.",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "Initial proposals for constituencies in Wales were published on 8 September 2021, reducing Wales' constituencies by 8, from 40 to 32.",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "Apart from the protected constituency of Ynys Môn, no constituencies were unchanged. The table below summarises the relationship between the remaining current constituencies and the initial proposals.",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "Notes:",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "The proposed constituency of Bridgend contained the majority of the current constituency of Ogmore and a minority of the current constituency of Bridgend (including the town of Bridgend). The current constituency was effectively abolished, with the majority being included in the proposed constituency of Aberafon Porthcawl.",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "The proposed constituency of Vale of Glamorgan contained the majority of the existing constituency, but no part of any other constituency.",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "According to analysis carried out in October 2021 by electoral modelling consultancy Electoral Calculus, a total of 28 constituencies would disappear (i.e. be broken up and not form the larger part of any proposed seats), offset by 28 wholly new constituencies (proposed seats which do not contain the larger part of any pre-existing seat). If the 2019 general election was re-run under the boundaries in the initial proposals, it was estimated that a further 23 seats would change hands. The overall effect would be a net gain of 13 seats for the Conservatives, a net loss of 8 for Labour, a loss of 3 for the Liberal Democrats and 2 for Plaid Cymru. This was further analysed as follows:",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "The publication of the initial proposals by each of the Boundary Commissions was followed by eight-week consultation periods. In total, over 36,000 comments were received. The Commissions subsequently published these comments on their respective web sites and further six-week secondary consultation periods were then held, giving the opportunity for observations to be made on the comments made in the initial consultations. In addition, a total of 45 public hearings were conducted.",
"title": "Initial proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "The Commission for England published revised proposals on 8 November 2022, followed by a third and final, four-week, consultation period ending on 5 December. After receiving over 45,000 comments over the previous two consultation periods, the Commission revised nearly half the proposed constituencies put forward in its initial review (including name changes). Of the 225 constituencies whose boundaries were revised, 90 have revised names. A further 34 constituencies changed names only. 55 of the 124 name changes reverted to the current constituency names, either because the revised constituency boundaries were more closely aligned with the current boundaries, or because local residents objected to the new names put forward by the commission. More extensive use of divided wards was included in the revised proposals, totalling 47, compared to 19 in the initial proposals. This enabled more communities to be kept together in one constituency and also meant that constituencies in some areas could more closely follow the existing configurations, resulting in fewer voters moving between seats.",
"title": "Revised proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "The information in the table below was primarily extracted from the commission's summary sheets for each region.",
"title": "Revised proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "The Commission for Northern Ireland published revised proposals for consultation on 14 November 2022.",
"title": "Revised proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "Minor amendments were made to eight of the 18 constituencies, making more use of divided wards to minimise the changes necessary to the current configuration of constituencies. As a result of the revisions, the proposed name of the Strangford and Quoile constituency reverted to its current name of Strangford.",
"title": "Revised proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "The Commission for Scotland also published revised proposals for consultation from 8 November to 5 December 2022.",
"title": "Revised proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "Of the 55 mainland constituencies, 20 were unchanged from the initial proposals, including three with changed names only. Of the 35 revised constituencies, 20 also have revised names. There were no changes to the proposed groupings of council areas, but only the Ayrshire and East Renfrewshire groupings were completely unaffected.",
"title": "Revised proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "The final proposals were announced in June 2023.",
"title": "Revised proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "The Commission for Wales published revised proposals on 19 October 2022, with comments due no later than 15 November.",
"title": "Revised proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "The Commission revised its initial proposals in terms of their geographical make-up in 22 of the 32 allocated constituencies, and 9 of the proposed constituency names were amended. Most of the adjustments resulted from moving electoral wards between neighbouring constituencies. The most significant change was combining western parts of Newport with the majority of the existing constituency of Islwyn, rather than parts of Caerphilly, on the basis of better local ties, to form Newport West and Islwyn. The existing constituency of Caerphilly is retained with relatively minor changes composed wholly of wards of Caerphilly County Borough Council. There were also some boundary realignments in North Wales.",
"title": "Revised proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "According to Electoral Calculus, the revised proposals result in four fewer new and abolished seats (24 v 28) and seven fewer seats changing hands (16 v 23). Overall, compared to the initial proposals, this would result in three fewer seats won by the Conservative party at the 2019 general election and three fewer lost by the Labour party, resulting in a net gain of ten for the Conservatives and a net loss of five for Labour. In November 2022, professors Colin Rallings and Michael Thrasher estimated the Conservatives would have won five additional seats in 2019, with Labour unchanged.",
"title": "Revised proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "All four Commissions submitted their Final Recommendations Reports to the Speaker of the House of Commons on 27 June 2023 and they were immediately laid before Parliament. The reports were published on the respective Commissions' websites on 28 June 2023.",
"title": "Final proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "In England, after receiving a further 18,890 representations, 41 constituencies were revised, eight of which also involved a change of name. Most of these were relatively minor boundary changes between two neighbouring seats. In a further 45 constituencies, only the name was changed. This left 457 seats unaltered from the revised proposals published in November 2022. The final recommendations for England result in only 55 of the existing 533 constituencies remaining completely unchanged.",
"title": "Final proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "In Wales, 21 of the 32 seats were unaltered from the revised proposals; 10 had revised boundaries (of which five were renamed); and one had a name change only. In Scotland boundary changes affected 18 seats, of which 12 were renamed. Only name changes affected a further six, leaving 33 unaltered. In Northern Ireland, minor boundary changes affected five seats, with no changes to the proposed names.",
"title": "Final proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "Details relating to the final proposals are shown on 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies.",
"title": "Final proposals"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "In accordance with the Parliamentary Constituencies Act, the Order in Council to formally introduce the new boundaries into UK law should have been approved by 28 October 2023 – 4 months after the publication of the final reports, unless \"there are exceptional circumstances\". However, The Order was not given until 15 November 2023, coming into effect on 29 November 2023.",
"title": "Parliamentary approval"
}
] | This article covers the timeline of the most recent cycle of the process to redraw the constituency map for the House of Commons, namely the 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies. For a summary of the outcome of the review, see 2023 Periodic Review of Westminster constituencies. | 2023-12-07T19:29:28Z | 2023-12-13T18:59:05Z | [
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Legend",
"Template:Periodic Reviews of Westminster constituencies",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite press release",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use British English",
"Template:Politics of the United Kingdom",
"Template:Clarify",
"Template:Main",
"Template:Citation needed"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_2023_Periodic_Review_of_Westminster_constituencies |
75,509,626 | Glachan | Glachan is a surname. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Glachan is a surname.",
"title": ""
}
] | Glachan is a surname. | 2023-12-07T19:30:13Z | 2023-12-07T19:30:13Z | [
"Template:Surname"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glachan |
75,509,629 | Ihor Palahnyuk | Ihor Mykolayovych Palahnyuk (Ukrainian: Ігор Миколайович Палагнюк; born in 29 July 1966), is a Ukrainian army officer who is currently the chief of staff - Deputy Commander of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. He had served as the commander of the Operational Command South from 2019 to 2021.
Ihor Palahnyuk was born on 29 July 1966 in the town of Vashkivka (present day Vashkivtsi), Vyzhnytsky district, Chernivtsi Oblast. In 1983, he graduated from secondary school No. 2 in the village of Kubinka, Moscow Oblast. In 1987, he graduated from the Kharkiv Guards Higher Tank Command School.
From July 1987 to October 2003, he held positions from tank platoon commander to tank regiment commander in the military units of the Carpathian Military District, Western Operational Command.
From 1994 to 1996, he was a student of the National Defense Academy of Ukraine.
From October 2003 to December 2012, he held managerial positions in the city and regional military commissariats of Chernivtsi and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblasts.
In 2013, he was appointed to the post of Deputy Chief of Staff for Combat Management — Head of the Command Center of the Operational Command.
From 2014 to 2015, he was promoted to head of the command center — deputy chief of staff of the Operational Command East.
In 2015, Pahalyuk became the deputy commaneder of the Operational Command East.
From 2016 to 2017, he was the deputy commander of the troops of the operational command.
In 2017, Palahnyuk graduated from the National Defense University of Ukraine named after Ivan Chernyakhovsky and obtained qualifications: master's degree, professional in the field of defense, operational-strategic level officer. On that same year, he was appointed the chief of staff — first deputy commander Operation Command East. In 2018, he was appointed to the post of Chief of the Main Command Center of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.
On 2 July 2019, by order of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine, Palahnyuk was appointed commander of the forces of the operational command "South".
Since 2021, Palahnyuk is currently the Chief of Staff — Deputy Commander of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ihor Mykolayovych Palahnyuk (Ukrainian: Ігор Миколайович Палагнюк; born in 29 July 1966), is a Ukrainian army officer who is currently the chief of staff - Deputy Commander of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. He had served as the commander of the Operational Command South from 2019 to 2021.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ihor Palahnyuk was born on 29 July 1966 in the town of Vashkivka (present day Vashkivtsi), Vyzhnytsky district, Chernivtsi Oblast. In 1983, he graduated from secondary school No. 2 in the village of Kubinka, Moscow Oblast. In 1987, he graduated from the Kharkiv Guards Higher Tank Command School.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "From July 1987 to October 2003, he held positions from tank platoon commander to tank regiment commander in the military units of the Carpathian Military District, Western Operational Command.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "From 1994 to 1996, he was a student of the National Defense Academy of Ukraine.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "From October 2003 to December 2012, he held managerial positions in the city and regional military commissariats of Chernivtsi and Ivano-Frankivsk Oblasts.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2013, he was appointed to the post of Deputy Chief of Staff for Combat Management — Head of the Command Center of the Operational Command.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "From 2014 to 2015, he was promoted to head of the command center — deputy chief of staff of the Operational Command East.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 2015, Pahalyuk became the deputy commaneder of the Operational Command East.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "From 2016 to 2017, he was the deputy commander of the troops of the operational command.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In 2017, Palahnyuk graduated from the National Defense University of Ukraine named after Ivan Chernyakhovsky and obtained qualifications: master's degree, professional in the field of defense, operational-strategic level officer. On that same year, he was appointed the chief of staff — first deputy commander Operation Command East. In 2018, he was appointed to the post of Chief of the Main Command Center of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "On 2 July 2019, by order of the Minister of Defense of Ukraine, Palahnyuk was appointed commander of the forces of the operational command \"South\".",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Since 2021, Palahnyuk is currently the Chief of Staff — Deputy Commander of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Ihor Mykolayovych Palahnyuk, is a Ukrainian army officer who is currently the chief of staff - Deputy Commander of the Land Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. He had served as the commander of the Operational Command South from 2019 to 2021. | 2023-12-07T19:31:01Z | 2023-12-08T10:18:45Z | [
"Template:Infobox military person",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihor_Palahnyuk |
75,509,637 | Bostankent | Bostankent is a village in the Muş District, Muş Province, in east Turkey. It is located near Alpaslan-1 Dam.
Bostankent and the plateau used for animal husbandry are located on the Otluk Mountains.
There is a secondary school in the village. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Bostankent is a village in the Muş District, Muş Province, in east Turkey. It is located near Alpaslan-1 Dam.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bostankent and the plateau used for animal husbandry are located on the Otluk Mountains.",
"title": "Geology and geography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "There is a secondary school in the village.",
"title": "Education"
}
] | Bostankent is a village in the Muş District, Muş Province, in east Turkey. It is located near Alpaslan-1 Dam. | 2023-12-07T19:31:43Z | 2023-12-10T01:24:27Z | [
"Template:Muş-geo-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox Turkey place",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bostankent |
75,509,663 | 2012 Indiana 250 | The 2012 Indiana 250 was a NASCAR Nationwide Series race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on July 28, 2012. The race was the first ever race at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for the Nationwide Series. It was also the 19th race of the 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series. Kasey Kahne won the pole for the race while Kyle Busch led the most laps. But it was Brad Keselowski who would win the first ever Nationwide Series race at Indianapolis where his owner Roger Penske has 15 Indianapolis 500 wins as an owner at the time.
The Indianapolis Motor Speedway, located in Speedway, Indiana, (an enclave suburb of Indianapolis) in the United States, is the home of the Indianapolis 500 and the Brickyard 400. It is located on the corner of 16th Street and Georgetown Road, approximately six miles (10 km) west of Downtown Indianapolis.
Constructed in 1909, it is the original speedway, the first racing facility so named. It has a permanent seating capacity estimated at 235,000 with infield seating raising capacity to an approximate 400,000. It is the highest-capacity sports venue in the world.
Kasey Kahne won the pole for the race with a time of 51.054 and a speed of 176.284.
* – Made the field via owners points
Outside pole sitter Kyle Busch took the lead from pole sitter Kasey Kahne after Kahne had trouble getting up to speed on the start and Busch led the first lap. The first caution would fly on lap 15 for it being the competition caution. Denny Hamlin won the race off of pit road and he led the field to the restart on lap 22. On lap 23, Brad Keselowski took the lead from Hamlin. On lap 27, Kyle Busch took the lead from Keselowski. Green flag pitstops soon began around lap 36. Kyle Busch pitted on lap 37 and gave the lead to Kasey Kahne. On lap 39, the second caution would fly for the first accident of the day when Danica Patrick bumped Reed Sorenson in turn 1 and spun Sorenson. Sorenson overcorrected back the right and collected Patrick in the process. Kyle Busch was the new leader and Busch led the field to the restart on lap 48. Busch was looking for his first Nationwide Series win of the season.
But with 38 laps to go, the 3rd caution would fly for debris. Sam Hornish Jr. won the race off of pit road and he led the field to the restart with 33 laps to go. With 29 laps to go, Brad Keselowski took the lead from Hornish which would be the last lead change of the race. With 27 to go, the 4th caution would fly when Brian Scott got loose in turn 4 and spun and collected Ty Dillon giving Dillon damage. The race would restart with 22 laps to go. But on the restart, the 5th and final caution would fly when Kyle Busch got loose under Sam Hornish Jr. and spun off of turn 1 and barely missed the inside wall in the process. But the spin would cost Busch a chance at victory. The race would restart with 18 laps to go. On the restart, Elliott Sadler took the lead from Keselowski, or so he thought. Sadler ended up getting black flagged by NASCAR for passing Keselowski before the start-finish line since Keselowski was the leader. But Sadler argued that Keselowski spun the tires which would have been clean restart for Sadler. Sadler argued until with 12 laps to go when he decided to pit after he was warned he was going to be disqualified for not obeying NASCAR's order. Keselowski pulled away from second place and Keselowski would win the first ever Nationwide Series race at Indianapolis. The win would be Keselowski's 3rd of the season and gave his owner Roger Penske, whose won 15 Indianapolis 500's as an owner in IndyCar, his first win at Indianapolis in all of NASCAR. Sam Hornish Jr., Ty Dillon, Denny Hamlin, and Austin Dillon rounded out the top 5 while Michael Annett, Joey Logano, Paul Menard, Ricky Stenhouse Jr., and Jeremy Clements rounded out the top 10. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2012 Indiana 250 was a NASCAR Nationwide Series race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on July 28, 2012. The race was the first ever race at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for the Nationwide Series. It was also the 19th race of the 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series. Kasey Kahne won the pole for the race while Kyle Busch led the most laps. But it was Brad Keselowski who would win the first ever Nationwide Series race at Indianapolis where his owner Roger Penske has 15 Indianapolis 500 wins as an owner at the time.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The Indianapolis Motor Speedway, located in Speedway, Indiana, (an enclave suburb of Indianapolis) in the United States, is the home of the Indianapolis 500 and the Brickyard 400. It is located on the corner of 16th Street and Georgetown Road, approximately six miles (10 km) west of Downtown Indianapolis.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Constructed in 1909, it is the original speedway, the first racing facility so named. It has a permanent seating capacity estimated at 235,000 with infield seating raising capacity to an approximate 400,000. It is the highest-capacity sports venue in the world.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Kasey Kahne won the pole for the race with a time of 51.054 and a speed of 176.284.",
"title": "Qualifying"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "* – Made the field via owners points",
"title": "Qualifying"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Outside pole sitter Kyle Busch took the lead from pole sitter Kasey Kahne after Kahne had trouble getting up to speed on the start and Busch led the first lap. The first caution would fly on lap 15 for it being the competition caution. Denny Hamlin won the race off of pit road and he led the field to the restart on lap 22. On lap 23, Brad Keselowski took the lead from Hamlin. On lap 27, Kyle Busch took the lead from Keselowski. Green flag pitstops soon began around lap 36. Kyle Busch pitted on lap 37 and gave the lead to Kasey Kahne. On lap 39, the second caution would fly for the first accident of the day when Danica Patrick bumped Reed Sorenson in turn 1 and spun Sorenson. Sorenson overcorrected back the right and collected Patrick in the process. Kyle Busch was the new leader and Busch led the field to the restart on lap 48. Busch was looking for his first Nationwide Series win of the season.",
"title": "Race"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "But with 38 laps to go, the 3rd caution would fly for debris. Sam Hornish Jr. won the race off of pit road and he led the field to the restart with 33 laps to go. With 29 laps to go, Brad Keselowski took the lead from Hornish which would be the last lead change of the race. With 27 to go, the 4th caution would fly when Brian Scott got loose in turn 4 and spun and collected Ty Dillon giving Dillon damage. The race would restart with 22 laps to go. But on the restart, the 5th and final caution would fly when Kyle Busch got loose under Sam Hornish Jr. and spun off of turn 1 and barely missed the inside wall in the process. But the spin would cost Busch a chance at victory. The race would restart with 18 laps to go. On the restart, Elliott Sadler took the lead from Keselowski, or so he thought. Sadler ended up getting black flagged by NASCAR for passing Keselowski before the start-finish line since Keselowski was the leader. But Sadler argued that Keselowski spun the tires which would have been clean restart for Sadler. Sadler argued until with 12 laps to go when he decided to pit after he was warned he was going to be disqualified for not obeying NASCAR's order. Keselowski pulled away from second place and Keselowski would win the first ever Nationwide Series race at Indianapolis. The win would be Keselowski's 3rd of the season and gave his owner Roger Penske, whose won 15 Indianapolis 500's as an owner in IndyCar, his first win at Indianapolis in all of NASCAR. Sam Hornish Jr., Ty Dillon, Denny Hamlin, and Austin Dillon rounded out the top 5 while Michael Annett, Joey Logano, Paul Menard, Ricky Stenhouse Jr., and Jeremy Clements rounded out the top 10.",
"title": "Race"
}
] | The 2012 Indiana 250 was a NASCAR Nationwide Series race held at Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana on July 28, 2012. The race was the first ever race at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway for the Nationwide Series. It was also the 19th race of the 2012 NASCAR Nationwide Series. Kasey Kahne won the pole for the race while Kyle Busch led the most laps. But it was Brad Keselowski who would win the first ever Nationwide Series race at Indianapolis where his owner Roger Penske has 15 Indianapolis 500 wins as an owner at the time. | 2023-12-07T19:34:28Z | 2023-12-12T17:34:52Z | [
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Clear",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Infobox NASCAR race report",
"Template:Convert",
"Template:Tooltip",
"Template:NASCAR next race",
"Template:NASCAR on ESPN"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Indiana_250 |
75,509,664 | Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam | Alaa el-Din Ali bin el-Emam (Egyptian Arabic: علاء الدين علي بن الإمام) (15th century – 16th century), commonly known as Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam and nicknamed Abu el-ostool (أبو الأسطول, lit. 'Father of the fleet'), was an Egyptian prince from the Egyptian el-Emam family. He is the descendant of the Sheikh of Islam, the Egyptian judge Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam. He rose through the political ladder during the era of the Egyptian Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri, until he was appointed to the highest positions in the Egyptian Sultanate. He was one of the most powerful figures in the era of the Egyptian Sultanate. He held the positions of Amir al-Hajj (prince of pilgrimage), supervisor of Special, supervisor of Endowments, Secret writer (keeper of secrets) and supervisor of the Egyptian armies.
The political career of Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam began during the reign of Sultan Qansuh Al-Ghuri of Egypt, when he was appointed to the position of supervisor of Special in the year 1501. Over time, Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam was able to gain the trust of Sultan Al-Ghuri through his competence and sincerity in his work. Therefore, he was appointed as supervisor of Endowments in addition to his original position in the year 1503, and he became the supervisor of Special and supervisor of Endowments.
With the Portuguese threatening Egypt, Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri assigned Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam with a major mission, which was the task of building an Egyptian naval arsenal that could confront the Portuguese. Indeed, Alaa el-Din gave orders to build dozens of galleon-style warships, which were the most advanced warships in the Middle Ages.
In the year 1507, Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam was appointed commander of the Egyptian fleet heading to the port of Jeddah to fight the Portuguese.
In the year 1507, while Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam was in Hejaz, there was a major rebellion by the Arab tribes against the Egyptian Sultanate. Prince Alaa el-Din led his forces, put down the rebellion, and beheaded the rebel leaders. In addition, he arrested the rebellious naval commander, Nour Al-Din Al-Masalati.
Building facilities
Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam built many wells in the Badr area for pilgrims to drink from. In addition, he did an honorable job of rebuilding the blessed Well of Badr, where the events of the Battle of Badr, the first battle in Islam, took place. In addition, he restored the Nabataean Cave and prepared the road for pilgrims and secured it. Those actions are what will lead to his appointment to the position of Emir of Hajj in the future.
In the capital of the Egyptian Sultanate, Cairo, Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam was welcomed like a conqueror. The Sultan of Egypt Al-Ghuri welcomed him personally and with the senior princes and judges, and bestowed upon the prince royal sultanic clothes. This was in addition to another valuable gift represented by a purebred Egyptian horse and other gifts.
In the year 1508, Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam displayed the last Egyptian ships built in a great naval military parade. Most of the people of Cairo were amazed by it, and the Sultan was so impressed by the display that he gave the prince another sultanic clothes. For his efforts in building a completely new Egyptian fleet, Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam became nicknamed the Father of the Fleet in the late era of the Egyptian Sultanate.
In the year 1509, it was very clear that Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam became one of the most powerful men of the Egyptian Sultanate and one of the closest men to the Sultan. This is clear from his objection to some of the Sultan's decisions, and his execution of punishments himself without asking permission from the Sultan, the most prominent of which was the implementation of the punishment of beating and imprisonment of Mahammad bin el-Azma, former supervisor of Endowments.
In the year 1516, he went out with the Egyptian army under the leadership of Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri to meet the Ottomans in the Battle of Marj Dabiq, and returned with the remnants of the army after being betrayed resulting in the defeat of the army.
At the end of his life, he was appointed as the Emir of the Egyptian Hajj then he became the supervisor of armies and Secret writer.
In the Ottoman era, his last appearance was when he was in the position of Emir of Hajj, and he played a heroic role during the return of the Egyptian Hajj caravan, which suffered from hunger and thirst due to lack of supplies. Ibn Iyas says about him textually:
"They praised the supervisor of Special for what he did to the pilgrims on the way, in terms of kindness, donations, and good deeds. If he saw one of the pilgrims exhausted, he would put them on his camel, and bless them with an evening meal and breadcrumbs on the way out and back. The pilgrims returned satisfied with what he did to them, and he was kind to them in his treatment. He walked carefully with the caravan because of the exhausted pilgrims, and they praised him well in this year.”
His contemporary historian Abdul Qadir al-Jaziri says about him textually: "Among his (Alaa el-Din) words:
“We do not know the direction of the affairs of this matter except from God Almighty.” His resolve was strengthened, and he proceeded with matters in the best condition and the most complete rule. His word was carried out and his popularity increased, and he continued to conduct this court with chastity, maintenance, and integrity. Including luck, interest, and benefit for the poor and pilgrims, he arranged this office in a good and consistent manner, and made it known and determined taxes, and rules, so it became a law to be relied upon, such that the matters of Hajj and its tasks are referred to in it, and it is relied upon in what is issued.” | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Alaa el-Din Ali bin el-Emam (Egyptian Arabic: علاء الدين علي بن الإمام) (15th century – 16th century), commonly known as Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam and nicknamed Abu el-ostool (أبو الأسطول, lit. 'Father of the fleet'), was an Egyptian prince from the Egyptian el-Emam family. He is the descendant of the Sheikh of Islam, the Egyptian judge Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam. He rose through the political ladder during the era of the Egyptian Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri, until he was appointed to the highest positions in the Egyptian Sultanate. He was one of the most powerful figures in the era of the Egyptian Sultanate. He held the positions of Amir al-Hajj (prince of pilgrimage), supervisor of Special, supervisor of Endowments, Secret writer (keeper of secrets) and supervisor of the Egyptian armies.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The political career of Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam began during the reign of Sultan Qansuh Al-Ghuri of Egypt, when he was appointed to the position of supervisor of Special in the year 1501. Over time, Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam was able to gain the trust of Sultan Al-Ghuri through his competence and sincerity in his work. Therefore, he was appointed as supervisor of Endowments in addition to his original position in the year 1503, and he became the supervisor of Special and supervisor of Endowments.",
"title": "Early career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "With the Portuguese threatening Egypt, Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri assigned Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam with a major mission, which was the task of building an Egyptian naval arsenal that could confront the Portuguese. Indeed, Alaa el-Din gave orders to build dozens of galleon-style warships, which were the most advanced warships in the Middle Ages.",
"title": "Egyptian fleet"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In the year 1507, Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam was appointed commander of the Egyptian fleet heading to the port of Jeddah to fight the Portuguese.",
"title": "Egyptian fleet"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In the year 1507, while Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam was in Hejaz, there was a major rebellion by the Arab tribes against the Egyptian Sultanate. Prince Alaa el-Din led his forces, put down the rebellion, and beheaded the rebel leaders. In addition, he arrested the rebellious naval commander, Nour Al-Din Al-Masalati.",
"title": "Handling the Hejaz rebellion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Building facilities",
"title": "Handling the Hejaz rebellion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam built many wells in the Badr area for pilgrims to drink from. In addition, he did an honorable job of rebuilding the blessed Well of Badr, where the events of the Battle of Badr, the first battle in Islam, took place. In addition, he restored the Nabataean Cave and prepared the road for pilgrims and secured it. Those actions are what will lead to his appointment to the position of Emir of Hajj in the future.",
"title": "Handling the Hejaz rebellion"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In the capital of the Egyptian Sultanate, Cairo, Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam was welcomed like a conqueror. The Sultan of Egypt Al-Ghuri welcomed him personally and with the senior princes and judges, and bestowed upon the prince royal sultanic clothes. This was in addition to another valuable gift represented by a purebred Egyptian horse and other gifts.",
"title": "Honors by the Sultan"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In the year 1508, Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam displayed the last Egyptian ships built in a great naval military parade. Most of the people of Cairo were amazed by it, and the Sultan was so impressed by the display that he gave the prince another sultanic clothes. For his efforts in building a completely new Egyptian fleet, Prince Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam became nicknamed the Father of the Fleet in the late era of the Egyptian Sultanate.",
"title": "Honors by the Sultan"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In the year 1509, it was very clear that Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam became one of the most powerful men of the Egyptian Sultanate and one of the closest men to the Sultan. This is clear from his objection to some of the Sultan's decisions, and his execution of punishments himself without asking permission from the Sultan, the most prominent of which was the implementation of the punishment of beating and imprisonment of Mahammad bin el-Azma, former supervisor of Endowments.",
"title": "Apparent authority"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In the year 1516, he went out with the Egyptian army under the leadership of Sultan Qansuh al-Ghuri to meet the Ottomans in the Battle of Marj Dabiq, and returned with the remnants of the army after being betrayed resulting in the defeat of the army.",
"title": "Battle of Marj Dabiq"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "At the end of his life, he was appointed as the Emir of the Egyptian Hajj then he became the supervisor of armies and Secret writer.",
"title": "Battle of Marj Dabiq"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In the Ottoman era, his last appearance was when he was in the position of Emir of Hajj, and he played a heroic role during the return of the Egyptian Hajj caravan, which suffered from hunger and thirst due to lack of supplies. Ibn Iyas says about him textually:",
"title": "Emir of Hajj"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "\"They praised the supervisor of Special for what he did to the pilgrims on the way, in terms of kindness, donations, and good deeds. If he saw one of the pilgrims exhausted, he would put them on his camel, and bless them with an evening meal and breadcrumbs on the way out and back. The pilgrims returned satisfied with what he did to them, and he was kind to them in his treatment. He walked carefully with the caravan because of the exhausted pilgrims, and they praised him well in this year.”",
"title": "Emir of Hajj"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "His contemporary historian Abdul Qadir al-Jaziri says about him textually: \"Among his (Alaa el-Din) words:",
"title": "Emir of Hajj"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "“We do not know the direction of the affairs of this matter except from God Almighty.” His resolve was strengthened, and he proceeded with matters in the best condition and the most complete rule. His word was carried out and his popularity increased, and he continued to conduct this court with chastity, maintenance, and integrity. Including luck, interest, and benefit for the poor and pilgrims, he arranged this office in a good and consistent manner, and made it known and determined taxes, and rules, so it became a law to be relied upon, such that the matters of Hajj and its tasks are referred to in it, and it is relied upon in what is issued.”",
"title": "Emir of Hajj"
}
] | Alaa el-Din Ali bin el-Emam, commonly known as Alaa el-Din bin el-Emam and nicknamed Abu el-ostool, was an Egyptian prince from the Egyptian el-Emam family. He is the descendant of the Sheikh of Islam, the Egyptian judge Abu Uday el-Masry bin el-Emam. He rose through the political ladder during the era of the Egyptian Sultan Al-Ashraf Qansuh al-Ghuri, until he was appointed to the highest positions in the Egyptian Sultanate. He was one of the most powerful figures in the era of the Egyptian Sultanate. He held the positions of Amir al-Hajj, supervisor of Special, supervisor of Endowments, Secret writer and supervisor of the Egyptian armies. | 2023-12-07T19:34:32Z | 2023-12-22T12:49:45Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox military person",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaa_el-Din_bin_el-Emam |
75,509,668 | Opnurasib | Opnurasib (JDQ-443) is a small-molecule covalent KRASG12C inhibitor developed for non-small-cell lung cancer. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Opnurasib (JDQ-443) is a small-molecule covalent KRASG12C inhibitor developed for non-small-cell lung cancer.",
"title": ""
}
] | Opnurasib (JDQ-443) is a small-molecule covalent KRASG12C inhibitor developed for non-small-cell lung cancer. | 2023-12-07T19:34:58Z | 2023-12-17T03:16:14Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Infobox drug",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opnurasib |
75,509,687 | Calm Down (Rema and Selena Gomez remix) | {{Use dmy dates|date= 11 February 2022
A remix of "Calm Down" with American singer Selena Gomez was released on 25 August 2022. The new version reached number one on both the Billboard US Afrobeats Songs and the Billboard Global Excl. US charts, and peaked at number three on the Global 200 chart. It peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100, marking Rema's first top-ten hit and Gomez's ninth. It also led the U.S. Afrobeats Songs for a record-setting 58 weeks until it was dethroned by Tyla's "Water" on October 21, 2023. In the US, it topped the all-genre Radio Songs chart for ten weeks, becoming both artists' first number-one song on the chart. It reached number one on the Canadian Hot 100 chart dated 13 May 2023. The song is widely regarded as the biggest and most successful Afrobeats song of all time.
Miami-based Amanda Ibanez, who also goes by her stage name Kiddo AI, was asked by Interscope senior director of A&R Vanessa Angiuli to write a spec verse for Selena Gomez on the song. Ibanez quickly wrote and recorded two different possible options for a Selena verse. Within a few hours of sending them to Angiuli, Ibanez received a response back from Angiuli who told her that Gomez loved the verse. Within the next few weeks, Ibanez and Gomez began to trade ideas back and forth and refine the verse. Ibanez eventually flew to Los Angeles to complete the song after a request to have more of Gomez on the song.
Like most girls my age, I grew up watching Selena on Wizards of Waverly Place and always admired her demeanor of being so classy and collected. So the first line is, 'I know I look shy, but for you I get down,' and I thought that that would be kind of fun for her to say, because she’s so proper, I feel, from the outside. I just wanted her to feel herself a little bit.
On 17 August 2022, Selena Gomez posted a photo of herself and Rema on her social media, captioning it "coming soon". The remix was released a week later.
The song was described as a "vibey" "feelgood smash hit". Reviewing the remix, Vanguard writer Adegboyega Remmy Adeleye thought Gomez' "melodic tune complements Rema's vibe perfectly, maintaining the same energy as the original release".
The song is recorded in the key of B major with a tempo of 107 beats per minute in common time. It follows a chord progression of E–B, and the vocals span from D♯4 to F♯5. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "{{Use dmy dates|date= 11 February 2022",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "A remix of \"Calm Down\" with American singer Selena Gomez was released on 25 August 2022. The new version reached number one on both the Billboard US Afrobeats Songs and the Billboard Global Excl. US charts, and peaked at number three on the Global 200 chart. It peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100, marking Rema's first top-ten hit and Gomez's ninth. It also led the U.S. Afrobeats Songs for a record-setting 58 weeks until it was dethroned by Tyla's \"Water\" on October 21, 2023. In the US, it topped the all-genre Radio Songs chart for ten weeks, becoming both artists' first number-one song on the chart. It reached number one on the Canadian Hot 100 chart dated 13 May 2023. The song is widely regarded as the biggest and most successful Afrobeats song of all time.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Miami-based Amanda Ibanez, who also goes by her stage name Kiddo AI, was asked by Interscope senior director of A&R Vanessa Angiuli to write a spec verse for Selena Gomez on the song. Ibanez quickly wrote and recorded two different possible options for a Selena verse. Within a few hours of sending them to Angiuli, Ibanez received a response back from Angiuli who told her that Gomez loved the verse. Within the next few weeks, Ibanez and Gomez began to trade ideas back and forth and refine the verse. Ibanez eventually flew to Los Angeles to complete the song after a request to have more of Gomez on the song.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Like most girls my age, I grew up watching Selena on Wizards of Waverly Place and always admired her demeanor of being so classy and collected. So the first line is, 'I know I look shy, but for you I get down,' and I thought that that would be kind of fun for her to say, because she’s so proper, I feel, from the outside. I just wanted her to feel herself a little bit.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On 17 August 2022, Selena Gomez posted a photo of herself and Rema on her social media, captioning it \"coming soon\". The remix was released a week later.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The song was described as a \"vibey\" \"feelgood smash hit\". Reviewing the remix, Vanguard writer Adegboyega Remmy Adeleye thought Gomez' \"melodic tune complements Rema's vibe perfectly, maintaining the same energy as the original release\".",
"title": "Composition"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The song is recorded in the key of B major with a tempo of 107 beats per minute in common time. It follows a chord progression of E–B, and the vocals span from D♯4 to F♯5.",
"title": "Composition"
}
] | {{Use dmy dates|date= 11 February 2022 A remix of "Calm Down" with American singer Selena Gomez was released on 25 August 2022. The new version reached number one on both the Billboard US Afrobeats Songs and the Billboard Global Excl. US charts, and peaked at number three on the Global 200 chart. It peaked at number three on the US Billboard Hot 100, marking Rema's first top-ten hit and Gomez's ninth. It also led the U.S. Afrobeats Songs for a record-setting 58 weeks until it was dethroned by Tyla's "Water" on October 21, 2023. In the US, it topped the all-genre Radio Songs chart for ten weeks, becoming both artists' first number-one song on the chart. It reached number one on the Canadian Hot 100 chart dated 13 May 2023. The song is widely regarded as the biggest and most successful Afrobeats song of all time. | 2023-12-07T19:38:20Z | 2024-01-01T01:02:35Z | [
"Template:Merge to",
"Template:Won",
"Template:Single chart",
"Template:Col-end",
"Template:Certification Table Top",
"Template:Notelist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Use Nigerian English",
"Template:'s",
"Template:Col-2",
"Template:Certification Table Separator",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Infobox song",
"Template:Blockquote",
"Template:Sharp",
"Template:Abbr",
"Template:Nom",
"Template:Certification Table Entry",
"Template:Certification Table Bottom",
"Template:Cite magazine",
"Template:Cite tweet",
"Template:Cite Instagram",
"Template:Selena Gomez",
"Template:Efn",
"Template:Col-begin",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calm_Down_(Rema_and_Selena_Gomez_remix) |
75,509,701 | Andrea Bowman | Andrea Bowman is an educator and diplomat from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, who was appointed ambassador to Taiwan in 2019.
Bowman was appointed Ambassador to Taiwan from 1 August 2019. On 7 August 2019, she and Ralph Gonsalves visited the Presidential Office of the Republic of China in Taipei, where they held a summit meeting between the two countries. The following day, on the 8th, the first Embassy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines of the Republic of China was established. Bowman has been outspoken on how Saint Vincent and the Grenadines supports the recognition of Taiwan by the UN Security Council. She also been exploring potential trade agreements, including the export of SVG's seafood to the country.
Prior to her appointment as ambassador to Taiwan, Bowman spent more than 40 years as an educator, working at insitutions such as: St. Vincent's Grammar School, St. Vincent's Normal College, St. Vincent's Girls' High School and Trinity Medical Sciences University, retiring in 2017. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Andrea Bowman is an educator and diplomat from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, who was appointed ambassador to Taiwan in 2019.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bowman was appointed Ambassador to Taiwan from 1 August 2019. On 7 August 2019, she and Ralph Gonsalves visited the Presidential Office of the Republic of China in Taipei, where they held a summit meeting between the two countries. The following day, on the 8th, the first Embassy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines of the Republic of China was established. Bowman has been outspoken on how Saint Vincent and the Grenadines supports the recognition of Taiwan by the UN Security Council. She also been exploring potential trade agreements, including the export of SVG's seafood to the country.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Prior to her appointment as ambassador to Taiwan, Bowman spent more than 40 years as an educator, working at insitutions such as: St. Vincent's Grammar School, St. Vincent's Normal College, St. Vincent's Girls' High School and Trinity Medical Sciences University, retiring in 2017.",
"title": ""
}
] | Andrea Bowman is an educator and diplomat from Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, who was appointed ambassador to Taiwan in 2019. Bowman was appointed Ambassador to Taiwan from 1 August 2019. On 7 August 2019, she and Ralph Gonsalves visited the Presidential Office of the Republic of China in Taipei, where they held a summit meeting between the two countries. The following day, on the 8th, the first Embassy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines of the Republic of China was established. Bowman has been outspoken on how Saint Vincent and the Grenadines supports the recognition of Taiwan by the UN Security Council. She also been exploring potential trade agreements, including the export of SVG's seafood to the country. Prior to her appointment as ambassador to Taiwan, Bowman spent more than 40 years as an educator, working at insitutions such as: St. Vincent's Grammar School, St. Vincent's Normal College, St. Vincent's Girls' High School and Trinity Medical Sciences University, retiring in 2017. | 2023-12-07T19:41:08Z | 2023-12-25T01:30:23Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox officeholder",
"Template:Commons category",
"Template:Wikiquote"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea_Bowman |
75,509,723 | Peanut (gamer) | Han Wang-ho (Korean: 한왕호; born Yoon Wang-ho, February 3, 1998), better known as Peanut, is a South Korean professional League of Legends player for Hanwha Life Esports. Throughout his career, he has one Mid-Season Invitational title, six League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) titles and one KeSPA Cup title. He also represented the South Korean national team at the 2018 Asian Games, earning a silver medal.
Peanut's career began in 2015, at age 16, when he signed with League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) team Najin e-mFire for the 2015 LCK season. From 2015 to 2021, Peanut played for a different team every year. In 2016, he signed with ROX Tigers, won the 2016 LCK Summer Split, and reached the 2016 World Championship finals. He then signed with SK Telecom T1 in 2017, winning the 2016 Mid-Season Invitational and another LCK title. The following year, in his fifth consecutive LCK finals appearance, he won his third LCK title with Kingzone DragonX. After a disappointing year with Gen.G in 2019, he left the LCK to sign with League of Legends Pro League team LGD Gaming in 2020, where he made another World Championship appearance. In 2021, he signed with Nongshim RedForce and was traded the following year to Gen.G. In his second stint with Gen.G, from 2022 to 2023, Peanut won three LCK titles and made two World Championship appearances. He then signed with Hanwha Life Esports for the 2024 LCK season.
Peanut's individual accomplishments include accolades such as an LCK Season MVP award, two LCK Finals MVP awards, and one LCK First All-Pro Team designation. In 2021, he recorded his 1,000th kill in the LCK and became the 11th player in LCK history to record 2,500 assists.
At the age of 16, Peanut expressed his desire to become a professional League of Legends player to his aunt before discussing it with his parents. Despite excelling in academics, he faced disapproval from his mother when she discovered his frequent visits to PC bangs. This led to the first confrontation with his parents, as his mother emphasized the importance of academic success. Following a heated argument, Peanut's determination to pursue a career in professional gaming persuaded his father, who supported him with the condition not to blame them if things did not go as planned. Despite initial hesitation, Peanut's parents bought him a new computer, and he began practicing extensively at home.
Peanut entered the competitive League of Legends scene when he signed with Najin e-mFire for the 2015 LCK season. However, his debut was initially delayed due to age restrictions, as he was sidelined until he turned 17 on February 3. He made his LCK debut with the team in a match against SK Telecom T1 (SKT). While Nanjin lost, Peanut maintained a 100% kill participation in game one, playing a part in all seven of his team's kills, while in games two and three, his kill participation dropped to 72%–76%. Throughout the season, his split time with the team's starting jungler, Jae-geol "Watch" Cho. In the spring split, Najin concluded with a 5–9 record, narrowly avoiding the need to compete in the promotion tournament. The team fared better in the summer split, ending with 11 wins and 7 losses. Although Najin advanced to the LCK Summer Split Playoffs, they were eliminated in the first round by KOO Tigers. In his rookie year, Peanut participated in a total of 17 games, securing seven wins and 10 losses.
Following the 2015 season, Peanut signed with ROX Tigers (formerly KOO Tigers). In the 2016 LCK Spring Split, the Tigers secured the top spot in the regular season standings, earning a bye directly into the playoff finals where they faced SKT. However, they lost the match, 1–3, finishing in second place. The subsequent summer split saw them once again claiming the top spot in the regular season standings, leading to a playoff finals match against KT Rolster. Peanut clinched his first domestic title as the Tigers emerged victorious in the finals with a 3–2 score.
By winning the Summer Split Finals, the Tigers secured a spot in the 2016 League of Legends World Championship as the LCK's top seed. After advancing past the group stage, the Tigers defeated EDward Gaming in the knockout quarterfinals and moved on to face SKT in the semifinals. Prior to the semifinals, Peanut led all players at the World Championship with 57 kills. The semifinals match was tied after four games, bring the match to a decisive game five. Peanut played as the champion Elise, a champion whom he had a KDA ratio of 23 heading into the match. Despite securing first blood by eliminating Bae "Bengi" Sung-woong, Peanut was soon after himself killed Bengi and Lee "Faker" Sang-hyeok. Although the teams remained evenly matched for the first 20 minutes, SKT gained control around the 40-minute mark, ultimately winning the match 3–2. Peanut concluded the World Championship with the highest average kills per game among all players with at least 10 games played; no jungler since the Season 3 World Championship had been in the top five.
At the end of the year Peanut won the 2016 KeSPA Cup, as ROX Tigers defeated Kongdoo Monster in the final.
Peanut's contract with the Tigers expired on November 30, 2016. On the same day, he signed with SK Telecom T1. In the 2017 LCK Spring Split with SKT, Peanut played in a total of 36 games, tallying 133 kills, 65 deaths, and 199 assists. SKT finished atop the regular season standings, receiving a bye directly into the playoff finals, where they faced KT Rolster. In game two of the finals, Peanut had six kills, one death, and eight assists, including a triple kill at the 28-minute mark that contributed to the team's victory. In game three, he finished with 11 kills, one death, and nine assists, which included another triple kill at the 17-minute mark. SKT clinched the series with a 3–0 win, securing Peanut back-to-back LCK titles. Peanut was named the MVP of the finals.
With the LCK Summer championship title, SKT qualified for the 2017 Mid-Season Invitational (MSI). During the group stage of the MSI, Peanut delivered standout performances, particularly when playing as the champion Lee Sin. In a match against GIGABYTE Marines, he set a record for the most kills within the first 15 minutes of a professional game, finishing with 15 kills, 14 of which were secured in the initial 12 minutes. Throughout the entire group stage, Peanut maintained a 4–0 record when playing as the Lee Sin, recording a KDA ratio of 11. SKT moved on past the group stage of the event and defeated Flash Wolves in the playoff semifinals, earning a spot in the 2017 MSI Final against G2 Esports. SKT secured a victory in game one, but in game two, Peanut played as Ivern, a champion with which he had limited familiarity, due to head coach Kim "kkOma" Jeong-gyun's draft choices. G2 had a strong early game, with Kim "Trick" Gang-yun securing first blood on Peanut, as SKT went on to lose the game. However, Peanut rebounded in game three, securing first blood as Lee Sin and ultimately winning the match. In game four, with Lee Sin banned, Peanut played as Olaf, a champion he was comfortable with, securing first blood once again. His well-timed intervention in the bottom lane, just before G2's bot lane hit level six, provided an early lead for SKT, which they maintained. Peanut ended the game with nine kills, no deaths, and six assists, securing his first-ever international title with the MSI victory.
SKT finished the 2017 LCK Summer Split regular season in fourth place with a 13–5 record. During the season, Peanut shared playing time with Kang "Blank" Sun-gu, plating in 24 games and accumulating 41 kills, 53 deaths, and 107 assists. Entering the LCK Summer playoffs in the first round, SKT advanced to the finals to face Longzhu Gaming. This marked Peanut's fourth consecutive LCK final appearance, becoming the first player in LCK history to do so. In the finals, Peanut started as the team's jungler over Blank. However, after a challenging game one where Peanut faced difficulties capitalizing on Longzhu rookie Moon "Cuzz" Woo-chan and primarily focused on mid lane kills rather than seizing other opportunities on the map, he was substituted out for Blank. SKT went on to two of the next three games, ultimately losing the match, 1–3, and finishing in second place.
SKT qualified for the 2017 World Championship as the LCK's second seed. After making it past the group stage and winning their quarterfinals matchup, SKT faced Royal Never Give Up in the semifinals. For the semifinals match, SKT elected to start Kang "Blank" Sun-gu over Peanut as the team's jungler. However, after falling behind 1–2 in the series, SKT brought Peanut back in for games four and five. The team won the final two games to win the series 3–2 and advance to the World Championship finals. In the Worlds final against Samsing Galaxy, Peanut started the match, but after SKT lost games one and two, he was taken out in favor of Blank. SKT went on to lose the third match as well, finishing in second at the World Championship.
Following their World Championship loss, SKT announced that they would not be renewing Peanut's contract.
On November 25, 2017, Peanut signed with Longzhu Gaming, reuniting with his his former ROX Tigers teammates Kim "PraY" Jong-in and Kang "GorillA" Beom-hyun. His first tournament with the team was the 2017 KeSPA Cup, which began on December 1, 2017. Longzhu advanced to the finals of the event, defeating Peanut's former team SK Telecom T1 in the semifinals along the way. However, they lost to their finals opponent, KT Rolster.
Just before the start of the 2018 LCK Spring Split, Longzhu Gaming rebranded to Kingzone DragonX. He played 32 games in the regular season, finishing with a KDA ratio of 8.9. The team finished atop the regular season standings with a 16–2 record, advancing them directly to the 2018 LCK Spring Split finals. In his fifth consecutive LCK Finals appearance, he picked up his third LCK title after Kingzone defeated Afreeca Freecs, 3–1, in the finals. In the 2018 Mid-Season Invitational, Kingzone advanced past the group stage and defeated Flash Wolves in the playoff finals to face Royal Never Give Up in the finals. However, Kingzone lost the match, 1–3, finishing in second place. Kingzone finished the 2018 LCK Summer split in third place with a 13–5 record. Despite a strong regular season, they lost in the playoffs to Afreeca Freecs. The team moved on to the 2018 LCK regional qualifier for the chance to qualify for the 2018 World Championship but lost in the finals to Gen.G, ending their season.
Following the 2017 World Championship, Peanut became a free agent and received lucrative offers from various teams outside the LCK. Despite multiple million-dollar proposals, he opted to remain in the LCK. Gen.G extended an offer that would make him the highest-paid jungler in the league, and on November 23, 2017, Peanut officially signed with Gen.G. Peanut struggled throughout the 2019 LCK season, and Gen.G barely avoided relegation in the Spring Split. While his performance improved slightly in the Summer Split, Gen.G finished in sixth place during the regular season, and Peanut failed to reach the World Championship for the second year in a row. On November 18, 2019, Gen.G parted ways with Peanut.
On November 22, 2019, Peanut left the LCK to sign with League of Legends Pro League (LPL) team LGD Gaming. The team struggled throughout the 2020 LPL Spring Split, finishing in 15th place with a 5–16 record. However, in the Summer Split, the LDG qualified for the playoffs and finished in fourth place. Throughout the 2020 LPL season, Peanut ranked among the top five LPL junglers for first blood percentage and gold difference. After defeating Invictus Gaming in the final of the LPL regional qualifier, LGD Gaming's earned them a spot in the 2020 World Championship as the LPL's final seed. Despite Peanut's generally strong showing in the LPL regular season, he faced challenges adapting to the meta at the 2020 World Championship, abd LGD failed to make it to past the group group stage. Following their Worlds exit, LGD parted ways with Peanut.
On November 30, 2020, Peanut made a return to the LCK by signing with Team Dynamics, which later rebranded to Nongshim RedForce in December 2020. This marked his seventh team in as many years. In the 2021 LCK Spring Split, Nongshim had middling results, finishing sixth place in the regular season, but secured a spot in the playoffs. However, they lost in the playoffs to Hanwha Life Esports, 2–3, with Peanut having little impact in the match. Peanut's performance notably improved in the 2021 LCK Summer Split. On June 24, 2021, he recorded his 1,000th kill in the LCK in a victory over T1. Additionally, he reached 2,500 assists in the LCK on August 1, 2021, during a win against Hanwha Life Esports, reaching the 11th most in LCK history. This win also secured Nongshim a spot in the summer playoffs. Peanut concluded the regular season with the second-best KDA average at 4.8 and the second-lowest average deaths per game at 1.8 among all junglers in the LCK. He was named the MVP of the 2021 LCK Summer Split and earned a spot on the LCK's First All-Pro team. Despite their regular-season success, Nongshim lost to DWG KIA in the second round of the playoffs. Nongshim then competed in the LCK regional qualifier. They faced Hanwha Life Esports on the second day of the qualifier, with the winner advancing to the 2021 World Championship, but they lost the match, 0–3, ending their season.
On November 23, 2021, Peanut returned to Gen.G after Nongshim traded him in exchange for Gwak "Bdd" Bo-seong. The team finished the 2022 LCK Spring Split in second place, advancing to the semifinals of the playoffs. Gen.G advanced to the LCK Spring Split Finals, marking Peanut's first finals appearance in three years. However, they were defeated, 1–3, finishing in second place. During the 2022 LCK Summer Split, Gen.G performed well with a 17–1 record. Gen.G became the third team in LCK history to win 17 or more matches in a single split, with an 87.5% game record — the highest percentage in LCK history. Peanut finished the summer regular season with the best KDA and least average deaths among all junglers in the LCK and was named to the LCK First All-Pro Team for the second time in his career. Gen.G secured a spot in the 2022 LCK Summer Finals, where they faced T1 on August 28. The team went on to win the series 3–0, giving Peanut his fourth LCK title and securing Gen.G the top LCK seed in the 2022 World Championship. Peanut was named the finals MVP. In the World Championship, Gen.G progressed beyond the group stage and secured a 3–2 victory over DWG KIA in the knockout quarterfinals. They faced DRX in the semifinals, a team they had not lost to all year. However, DRX won the match, 3–1, ending Gen.G's Worlds run.
Heading into the 2023, Gen.G extended Peanut's contract. In the 2023 LCK Spring Split, Gen.G secured a second-place finish in the standings, trailing behind T1. During the playoffs, they defeated Hanwha with a 3–1 victory, earning a spot in the LCK Finals against T1. The best-of-five match took place on April 9, 2023, and Gen.G won by a 3–1 score, securing Peanut his fifth LCK title. As the Spring Split champions, Gen.G qualified for the 2023 Mid-Season Invitational (MSI), marking Peanut's third appearance at MSI. Gen.G started the in event's bracket stage, a double-elimination tournament. In their first match, they defeated G2 Esports. Following, they lost to T1, sending Gen.G to the lower bracket. After taking down Cloud9 in their next match, they lost to Bilibili Gaming, ending their MSI run. In the 2023 Summer Split, Peanut clinched his third consecutive LCK title, and sixth overall, as Gen.G defeated T1 in the finals. This placed him second among active players with the most LCK titles, behind Faker. In the Swiss stage of the 2023 World Championship, Gen.G posted a 3–0 record, advancing them to the knockout stage, where they faced Bilibili in the quarterfinals. However, the team was defeated, 0–3, ending their Worlds run.
On November 20, 2023, Peanut's contract with Gen.G ended, and he entered free agency.
Peanut signed with Hanwha Life Esports ahead of the 2024 LCK season.
Peanut represented South Korea in the League of Legends demonstration event at the 2018 Asian Games. The tournament took place at the BritAma Arena at Mahaka Square in Jakarta, Indonesia, from August 27 to 29, 2018. The South Korean team earned a silver medal after a 1–3 loss to China in the finals.
Peanut initially gained recognition for his aggressive jungle style and competitive spirit. However, a notable weakness in his overall playstyle emerged in the form of subpar vision control. Coined as a "living ward" during his early ROX days, Peanut faced criticism for relying on pushing lanes to create invasion opportunities without establishing vision for sustained advantages or tracking the enemy jungler. This deficiency persisted during his stint with SK Telecom T1 in 2017, where the team struggled with mid-game vision control, hindering their ability to recover from deficits. SKT benched Peanut in 2017 due to his tendency for overzealous plays, a trait commonly associated with amateur players transitioning into the professional scene despite having top-tier mechanical skills. During this period, Peanut underwent a playstyle shift influenced by changes in the meta, particularly towards a more lane-focused approach. Unlike his previous experiences, he no longer had the luxury of a frequent isolated winning top lane dynamic to exploit. Instead, he had to prioritize setting up for his lanes to succeed, reflecting the evolving landscape of the game. Acknowledging the impact of the shifting meta, Peanut highlighted the significant influence of the transition from a jungle-centric to a more lane-focused style on his gameplay. The diminishing effectiveness of his preferred aggressive playstyle, which involved invading and applying pressure from the lanes, was further compounded by the increasing importance of catchup experience towards the end of 2017. In his 2020 LPL season, Peanut adapted his playstyle to outpace opponents' junglers through efficient pathing. Leveraging his teammates in the lanes became a key strategy for gaining overall team advantages. Notably, Peanut excelled in catching opponent junglers in unexpected positions, initiating battles strategically to secure victories. His ability to synchronize movements with teammates resulted in stable lane skirmishes, showcasing a more cohesive and effective approach compared to his earlier years.
Peanut was born on February 3, 1998. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Han Wang-ho (Korean: 한왕호; born Yoon Wang-ho, February 3, 1998), better known as Peanut, is a South Korean professional League of Legends player for Hanwha Life Esports. Throughout his career, he has one Mid-Season Invitational title, six League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) titles and one KeSPA Cup title. He also represented the South Korean national team at the 2018 Asian Games, earning a silver medal.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Peanut's career began in 2015, at age 16, when he signed with League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) team Najin e-mFire for the 2015 LCK season. From 2015 to 2021, Peanut played for a different team every year. In 2016, he signed with ROX Tigers, won the 2016 LCK Summer Split, and reached the 2016 World Championship finals. He then signed with SK Telecom T1 in 2017, winning the 2016 Mid-Season Invitational and another LCK title. The following year, in his fifth consecutive LCK finals appearance, he won his third LCK title with Kingzone DragonX. After a disappointing year with Gen.G in 2019, he left the LCK to sign with League of Legends Pro League team LGD Gaming in 2020, where he made another World Championship appearance. In 2021, he signed with Nongshim RedForce and was traded the following year to Gen.G. In his second stint with Gen.G, from 2022 to 2023, Peanut won three LCK titles and made two World Championship appearances. He then signed with Hanwha Life Esports for the 2024 LCK season.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Peanut's individual accomplishments include accolades such as an LCK Season MVP award, two LCK Finals MVP awards, and one LCK First All-Pro Team designation. In 2021, he recorded his 1,000th kill in the LCK and became the 11th player in LCK history to record 2,500 assists.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "At the age of 16, Peanut expressed his desire to become a professional League of Legends player to his aunt before discussing it with his parents. Despite excelling in academics, he faced disapproval from his mother when she discovered his frequent visits to PC bangs. This led to the first confrontation with his parents, as his mother emphasized the importance of academic success. Following a heated argument, Peanut's determination to pursue a career in professional gaming persuaded his father, who supported him with the condition not to blame them if things did not go as planned. Despite initial hesitation, Peanut's parents bought him a new computer, and he began practicing extensively at home.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Peanut entered the competitive League of Legends scene when he signed with Najin e-mFire for the 2015 LCK season. However, his debut was initially delayed due to age restrictions, as he was sidelined until he turned 17 on February 3. He made his LCK debut with the team in a match against SK Telecom T1 (SKT). While Nanjin lost, Peanut maintained a 100% kill participation in game one, playing a part in all seven of his team's kills, while in games two and three, his kill participation dropped to 72%–76%. Throughout the season, his split time with the team's starting jungler, Jae-geol \"Watch\" Cho. In the spring split, Najin concluded with a 5–9 record, narrowly avoiding the need to compete in the promotion tournament. The team fared better in the summer split, ending with 11 wins and 7 losses. Although Najin advanced to the LCK Summer Split Playoffs, they were eliminated in the first round by KOO Tigers. In his rookie year, Peanut participated in a total of 17 games, securing seven wins and 10 losses.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Following the 2015 season, Peanut signed with ROX Tigers (formerly KOO Tigers). In the 2016 LCK Spring Split, the Tigers secured the top spot in the regular season standings, earning a bye directly into the playoff finals where they faced SKT. However, they lost the match, 1–3, finishing in second place. The subsequent summer split saw them once again claiming the top spot in the regular season standings, leading to a playoff finals match against KT Rolster. Peanut clinched his first domestic title as the Tigers emerged victorious in the finals with a 3–2 score.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "By winning the Summer Split Finals, the Tigers secured a spot in the 2016 League of Legends World Championship as the LCK's top seed. After advancing past the group stage, the Tigers defeated EDward Gaming in the knockout quarterfinals and moved on to face SKT in the semifinals. Prior to the semifinals, Peanut led all players at the World Championship with 57 kills. The semifinals match was tied after four games, bring the match to a decisive game five. Peanut played as the champion Elise, a champion whom he had a KDA ratio of 23 heading into the match. Despite securing first blood by eliminating Bae \"Bengi\" Sung-woong, Peanut was soon after himself killed Bengi and Lee \"Faker\" Sang-hyeok. Although the teams remained evenly matched for the first 20 minutes, SKT gained control around the 40-minute mark, ultimately winning the match 3–2. Peanut concluded the World Championship with the highest average kills per game among all players with at least 10 games played; no jungler since the Season 3 World Championship had been in the top five.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "At the end of the year Peanut won the 2016 KeSPA Cup, as ROX Tigers defeated Kongdoo Monster in the final.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Peanut's contract with the Tigers expired on November 30, 2016. On the same day, he signed with SK Telecom T1. In the 2017 LCK Spring Split with SKT, Peanut played in a total of 36 games, tallying 133 kills, 65 deaths, and 199 assists. SKT finished atop the regular season standings, receiving a bye directly into the playoff finals, where they faced KT Rolster. In game two of the finals, Peanut had six kills, one death, and eight assists, including a triple kill at the 28-minute mark that contributed to the team's victory. In game three, he finished with 11 kills, one death, and nine assists, which included another triple kill at the 17-minute mark. SKT clinched the series with a 3–0 win, securing Peanut back-to-back LCK titles. Peanut was named the MVP of the finals.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "With the LCK Summer championship title, SKT qualified for the 2017 Mid-Season Invitational (MSI). During the group stage of the MSI, Peanut delivered standout performances, particularly when playing as the champion Lee Sin. In a match against GIGABYTE Marines, he set a record for the most kills within the first 15 minutes of a professional game, finishing with 15 kills, 14 of which were secured in the initial 12 minutes. Throughout the entire group stage, Peanut maintained a 4–0 record when playing as the Lee Sin, recording a KDA ratio of 11. SKT moved on past the group stage of the event and defeated Flash Wolves in the playoff semifinals, earning a spot in the 2017 MSI Final against G2 Esports. SKT secured a victory in game one, but in game two, Peanut played as Ivern, a champion with which he had limited familiarity, due to head coach Kim \"kkOma\" Jeong-gyun's draft choices. G2 had a strong early game, with Kim \"Trick\" Gang-yun securing first blood on Peanut, as SKT went on to lose the game. However, Peanut rebounded in game three, securing first blood as Lee Sin and ultimately winning the match. In game four, with Lee Sin banned, Peanut played as Olaf, a champion he was comfortable with, securing first blood once again. His well-timed intervention in the bottom lane, just before G2's bot lane hit level six, provided an early lead for SKT, which they maintained. Peanut ended the game with nine kills, no deaths, and six assists, securing his first-ever international title with the MSI victory.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "SKT finished the 2017 LCK Summer Split regular season in fourth place with a 13–5 record. During the season, Peanut shared playing time with Kang \"Blank\" Sun-gu, plating in 24 games and accumulating 41 kills, 53 deaths, and 107 assists. Entering the LCK Summer playoffs in the first round, SKT advanced to the finals to face Longzhu Gaming. This marked Peanut's fourth consecutive LCK final appearance, becoming the first player in LCK history to do so. In the finals, Peanut started as the team's jungler over Blank. However, after a challenging game one where Peanut faced difficulties capitalizing on Longzhu rookie Moon \"Cuzz\" Woo-chan and primarily focused on mid lane kills rather than seizing other opportunities on the map, he was substituted out for Blank. SKT went on to two of the next three games, ultimately losing the match, 1–3, and finishing in second place.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "SKT qualified for the 2017 World Championship as the LCK's second seed. After making it past the group stage and winning their quarterfinals matchup, SKT faced Royal Never Give Up in the semifinals. For the semifinals match, SKT elected to start Kang \"Blank\" Sun-gu over Peanut as the team's jungler. However, after falling behind 1–2 in the series, SKT brought Peanut back in for games four and five. The team won the final two games to win the series 3–2 and advance to the World Championship finals. In the Worlds final against Samsing Galaxy, Peanut started the match, but after SKT lost games one and two, he was taken out in favor of Blank. SKT went on to lose the third match as well, finishing in second at the World Championship.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Following their World Championship loss, SKT announced that they would not be renewing Peanut's contract.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "On November 25, 2017, Peanut signed with Longzhu Gaming, reuniting with his his former ROX Tigers teammates Kim \"PraY\" Jong-in and Kang \"GorillA\" Beom-hyun. His first tournament with the team was the 2017 KeSPA Cup, which began on December 1, 2017. Longzhu advanced to the finals of the event, defeating Peanut's former team SK Telecom T1 in the semifinals along the way. However, they lost to their finals opponent, KT Rolster.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Just before the start of the 2018 LCK Spring Split, Longzhu Gaming rebranded to Kingzone DragonX. He played 32 games in the regular season, finishing with a KDA ratio of 8.9. The team finished atop the regular season standings with a 16–2 record, advancing them directly to the 2018 LCK Spring Split finals. In his fifth consecutive LCK Finals appearance, he picked up his third LCK title after Kingzone defeated Afreeca Freecs, 3–1, in the finals. In the 2018 Mid-Season Invitational, Kingzone advanced past the group stage and defeated Flash Wolves in the playoff finals to face Royal Never Give Up in the finals. However, Kingzone lost the match, 1–3, finishing in second place. Kingzone finished the 2018 LCK Summer split in third place with a 13–5 record. Despite a strong regular season, they lost in the playoffs to Afreeca Freecs. The team moved on to the 2018 LCK regional qualifier for the chance to qualify for the 2018 World Championship but lost in the finals to Gen.G, ending their season.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Following the 2017 World Championship, Peanut became a free agent and received lucrative offers from various teams outside the LCK. Despite multiple million-dollar proposals, he opted to remain in the LCK. Gen.G extended an offer that would make him the highest-paid jungler in the league, and on November 23, 2017, Peanut officially signed with Gen.G. Peanut struggled throughout the 2019 LCK season, and Gen.G barely avoided relegation in the Spring Split. While his performance improved slightly in the Summer Split, Gen.G finished in sixth place during the regular season, and Peanut failed to reach the World Championship for the second year in a row. On November 18, 2019, Gen.G parted ways with Peanut.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "On November 22, 2019, Peanut left the LCK to sign with League of Legends Pro League (LPL) team LGD Gaming. The team struggled throughout the 2020 LPL Spring Split, finishing in 15th place with a 5–16 record. However, in the Summer Split, the LDG qualified for the playoffs and finished in fourth place. Throughout the 2020 LPL season, Peanut ranked among the top five LPL junglers for first blood percentage and gold difference. After defeating Invictus Gaming in the final of the LPL regional qualifier, LGD Gaming's earned them a spot in the 2020 World Championship as the LPL's final seed. Despite Peanut's generally strong showing in the LPL regular season, he faced challenges adapting to the meta at the 2020 World Championship, abd LGD failed to make it to past the group group stage. Following their Worlds exit, LGD parted ways with Peanut.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "On November 30, 2020, Peanut made a return to the LCK by signing with Team Dynamics, which later rebranded to Nongshim RedForce in December 2020. This marked his seventh team in as many years. In the 2021 LCK Spring Split, Nongshim had middling results, finishing sixth place in the regular season, but secured a spot in the playoffs. However, they lost in the playoffs to Hanwha Life Esports, 2–3, with Peanut having little impact in the match. Peanut's performance notably improved in the 2021 LCK Summer Split. On June 24, 2021, he recorded his 1,000th kill in the LCK in a victory over T1. Additionally, he reached 2,500 assists in the LCK on August 1, 2021, during a win against Hanwha Life Esports, reaching the 11th most in LCK history. This win also secured Nongshim a spot in the summer playoffs. Peanut concluded the regular season with the second-best KDA average at 4.8 and the second-lowest average deaths per game at 1.8 among all junglers in the LCK. He was named the MVP of the 2021 LCK Summer Split and earned a spot on the LCK's First All-Pro team. Despite their regular-season success, Nongshim lost to DWG KIA in the second round of the playoffs. Nongshim then competed in the LCK regional qualifier. They faced Hanwha Life Esports on the second day of the qualifier, with the winner advancing to the 2021 World Championship, but they lost the match, 0–3, ending their season.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "On November 23, 2021, Peanut returned to Gen.G after Nongshim traded him in exchange for Gwak \"Bdd\" Bo-seong. The team finished the 2022 LCK Spring Split in second place, advancing to the semifinals of the playoffs. Gen.G advanced to the LCK Spring Split Finals, marking Peanut's first finals appearance in three years. However, they were defeated, 1–3, finishing in second place. During the 2022 LCK Summer Split, Gen.G performed well with a 17–1 record. Gen.G became the third team in LCK history to win 17 or more matches in a single split, with an 87.5% game record — the highest percentage in LCK history. Peanut finished the summer regular season with the best KDA and least average deaths among all junglers in the LCK and was named to the LCK First All-Pro Team for the second time in his career. Gen.G secured a spot in the 2022 LCK Summer Finals, where they faced T1 on August 28. The team went on to win the series 3–0, giving Peanut his fourth LCK title and securing Gen.G the top LCK seed in the 2022 World Championship. Peanut was named the finals MVP. In the World Championship, Gen.G progressed beyond the group stage and secured a 3–2 victory over DWG KIA in the knockout quarterfinals. They faced DRX in the semifinals, a team they had not lost to all year. However, DRX won the match, 3–1, ending Gen.G's Worlds run.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Heading into the 2023, Gen.G extended Peanut's contract. In the 2023 LCK Spring Split, Gen.G secured a second-place finish in the standings, trailing behind T1. During the playoffs, they defeated Hanwha with a 3–1 victory, earning a spot in the LCK Finals against T1. The best-of-five match took place on April 9, 2023, and Gen.G won by a 3–1 score, securing Peanut his fifth LCK title. As the Spring Split champions, Gen.G qualified for the 2023 Mid-Season Invitational (MSI), marking Peanut's third appearance at MSI. Gen.G started the in event's bracket stage, a double-elimination tournament. In their first match, they defeated G2 Esports. Following, they lost to T1, sending Gen.G to the lower bracket. After taking down Cloud9 in their next match, they lost to Bilibili Gaming, ending their MSI run. In the 2023 Summer Split, Peanut clinched his third consecutive LCK title, and sixth overall, as Gen.G defeated T1 in the finals. This placed him second among active players with the most LCK titles, behind Faker. In the Swiss stage of the 2023 World Championship, Gen.G posted a 3–0 record, advancing them to the knockout stage, where they faced Bilibili in the quarterfinals. However, the team was defeated, 0–3, ending their Worlds run.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "On November 20, 2023, Peanut's contract with Gen.G ended, and he entered free agency.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Peanut signed with Hanwha Life Esports ahead of the 2024 LCK season.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Peanut represented South Korea in the League of Legends demonstration event at the 2018 Asian Games. The tournament took place at the BritAma Arena at Mahaka Square in Jakarta, Indonesia, from August 27 to 29, 2018. The South Korean team earned a silver medal after a 1–3 loss to China in the finals.",
"title": "National team career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "Peanut initially gained recognition for his aggressive jungle style and competitive spirit. However, a notable weakness in his overall playstyle emerged in the form of subpar vision control. Coined as a \"living ward\" during his early ROX days, Peanut faced criticism for relying on pushing lanes to create invasion opportunities without establishing vision for sustained advantages or tracking the enemy jungler. This deficiency persisted during his stint with SK Telecom T1 in 2017, where the team struggled with mid-game vision control, hindering their ability to recover from deficits. SKT benched Peanut in 2017 due to his tendency for overzealous plays, a trait commonly associated with amateur players transitioning into the professional scene despite having top-tier mechanical skills. During this period, Peanut underwent a playstyle shift influenced by changes in the meta, particularly towards a more lane-focused approach. Unlike his previous experiences, he no longer had the luxury of a frequent isolated winning top lane dynamic to exploit. Instead, he had to prioritize setting up for his lanes to succeed, reflecting the evolving landscape of the game. Acknowledging the impact of the shifting meta, Peanut highlighted the significant influence of the transition from a jungle-centric to a more lane-focused style on his gameplay. The diminishing effectiveness of his preferred aggressive playstyle, which involved invading and applying pressure from the lanes, was further compounded by the increasing importance of catchup experience towards the end of 2017. In his 2020 LPL season, Peanut adapted his playstyle to outpace opponents' junglers through efficient pathing. Leveraging his teammates in the lanes became a key strategy for gaining overall team advantages. Notably, Peanut excelled in catching opponent junglers in unexpected positions, initiating battles strategically to secure victories. His ability to synchronize movements with teammates resulted in stable lane skirmishes, showcasing a more cohesive and effective approach compared to his earlier years.",
"title": "Player profile"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "Peanut was born on February 3, 1998.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Han Wang-ho, better known as Peanut, is a South Korean professional League of Legends player for Hanwha Life Esports. Throughout his career, he has one Mid-Season Invitational title, six League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) titles and one KeSPA Cup title. He also represented the South Korean national team at the 2018 Asian Games, earning a silver medal. Peanut's career began in 2015, at age 16, when he signed with League of Legends Champions Korea (LCK) team Najin e-mFire for the 2015 LCK season. From 2015 to 2021, Peanut played for a different team every year. In 2016, he signed with ROX Tigers, won the 2016 LCK Summer Split, and reached the 2016 World Championship finals. He then signed with SK Telecom T1 in 2017, winning the 2016 Mid-Season Invitational and another LCK title. The following year, in his fifth consecutive LCK finals appearance, he won his third LCK title with Kingzone DragonX. After a disappointing year with Gen.G in 2019, he left the LCK to sign with League of Legends Pro League team LGD Gaming in 2020, where he made another World Championship appearance. In 2021, he signed with Nongshim RedForce and was traded the following year to Gen.G. In his second stint with Gen.G, from 2022 to 2023, Peanut won three LCK titles and made two World Championship appearances. He then signed with Hanwha Life Esports for the 2024 LCK season. Peanut's individual accomplishments include accolades such as an LCK Season MVP award, two LCK Finals MVP awards, and one LCK First All-Pro Team designation. In 2021, he recorded his 1,000th kill in the LCK and became the 11th player in LCK history to record 2,500 assists. | 2023-12-07T19:47:04Z | 2023-12-16T21:16:29Z | [
"Template:Won",
"Template:Efn",
"Template:Twitter",
"Template:Family name hatnote",
"Template:Infobox video game player",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Commons category",
"Template:Lang-ko",
"Template:Notelist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Cite AV media",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use mdy dates",
"Template:League of Legends Champions Korea 1000 Kills Players"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peanut_(gamer) |
75,509,724 | Verbum caro factum est | "Verbum caro factum est" ("The Word became flesh") is a sacred motet for six voices by Hans Leo Hassler. The Latin text is taken from the prologue to the Gospel of John. The voices are divided into two groups of three that sing antiphonally in the Venetian polychoral style. The motet is often performed for Christmas, in services, concerts and on recordings. Instruments can play along with the voices, and it has been arranged for instruments alone.
Hans Leo Hassler studied in Venice with Andrea Gabrieli, and was a musician for the Fugger family in Augsburg. He composed "Verbum caro factum est" as a six-voice motet and published it in his collection Cantiones sacrae in 1591.
The Latin text is taken from the Bible, John 1:14, which became a responsory for Matins and a processional responsory for the Mass on Christmas Day. The topic is the incarnation. The verse reads in the World English version: "The Word became flesh, and lived among us. We saw his glory, such glory as of the one and only Son of the Father, full of grace and truth."
In the Venetian polychoral style that Hassler learned in Venice, the voices are often divided into two interacting groups, one of higher voices (SSA), the other of lower voices (TTB); they sound combined at "climactic moments" of the text. At the end of the composition, the texture changes rapidly between three-part and six-part sonorities, described as "almost rhapsodic".
The music has been arranged for instrumental performance, such as a version for various brass ensembles published by Hummingbird Music.
The motet has been recorded in programs for Christmas by choirs and vocal ensembles. Georg Ratzinger conducted the Regensburger Domspatzen in a 1983 recording called Weihnachtskonzert (Christmas concert), and Reinhard Kammlinger [de] the Augsburger Domsingknaben [de] in 1994. It was recorded for a collection Christmas by The Gesualdo Six conducted by Owain Park in 2019, and by the London Oratory School Schola conducted by Charles Cole in 2020. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"Verbum caro factum est\" (\"The Word became flesh\") is a sacred motet for six voices by Hans Leo Hassler. The Latin text is taken from the prologue to the Gospel of John. The voices are divided into two groups of three that sing antiphonally in the Venetian polychoral style. The motet is often performed for Christmas, in services, concerts and on recordings. Instruments can play along with the voices, and it has been arranged for instruments alone.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Hans Leo Hassler studied in Venice with Andrea Gabrieli, and was a musician for the Fugger family in Augsburg. He composed \"Verbum caro factum est\" as a six-voice motet and published it in his collection Cantiones sacrae in 1591.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The Latin text is taken from the Bible, John 1:14, which became a responsory for Matins and a processional responsory for the Mass on Christmas Day. The topic is the incarnation. The verse reads in the World English version: \"The Word became flesh, and lived among us. We saw his glory, such glory as of the one and only Son of the Father, full of grace and truth.\"",
"title": "Text and music"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In the Venetian polychoral style that Hassler learned in Venice, the voices are often divided into two interacting groups, one of higher voices (SSA), the other of lower voices (TTB); they sound combined at \"climactic moments\" of the text. At the end of the composition, the texture changes rapidly between three-part and six-part sonorities, described as \"almost rhapsodic\".",
"title": "Text and music"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The music has been arranged for instrumental performance, such as a version for various brass ensembles published by Hummingbird Music.",
"title": "Text and music"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The motet has been recorded in programs for Christmas by choirs and vocal ensembles. Georg Ratzinger conducted the Regensburger Domspatzen in a 1983 recording called Weihnachtskonzert (Christmas concert), and Reinhard Kammlinger [de] the Augsburger Domsingknaben [de] in 1994. It was recorded for a collection Christmas by The Gesualdo Six conducted by Owain Park in 2019, and by the London Oratory School Schola conducted by Charles Cole in 2020.",
"title": "Recordings"
}
] | "Verbum caro factum est" is a sacred motet for six voices by Hans Leo Hassler. The Latin text is taken from the prologue to the Gospel of John. The voices are divided into two groups of three that sing antiphonally in the Venetian polychoral style. The motet is often performed for Christmas, in services, concerts and on recordings. Instruments can play along with the voices, and it has been arranged for instruments alone. | 2023-12-07T19:47:18Z | 2023-12-25T19:36:04Z | [
"Template:IMSLP2",
"Template:YouTube",
"Template:Christmas",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox musical composition",
"Template:Lang",
"Template:Ill",
"Template:Langr",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:ChoralWiki"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verbum_caro_factum_est |
75,509,737 | Unplugged (Naela album) | Unplugged is the first extended play (EP) by Colombian singer, songwriter and producer Naela, released on July 15, 2022, through The Light Entertainment. The album includes live versions of the artist's most recent releases. This release marks the first in six years, following the release of the artist's third studio album, Renacer. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Unplugged is the first extended play (EP) by Colombian singer, songwriter and producer Naela, released on July 15, 2022, through The Light Entertainment. The album includes live versions of the artist's most recent releases. This release marks the first in six years, following the release of the artist's third studio album, Renacer.",
"title": ""
}
] | Unplugged is the first extended play (EP) by Colombian singer, songwriter and producer Naela, released on July 15, 2022, through The Light Entertainment. The album includes live versions of the artist's most recent releases. This release marks the first in six years, following the release of the artist's third studio album, Renacer. | 2023-12-07T19:50:20Z | 2023-12-24T00:04:19Z | [
"Template:More citations needed",
"Template:Infobox album",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Improve categories"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unplugged_(Naela_album) |
75,509,738 | FBI (season 6) | The sixth season of the American police procedural television drama series FBI was announced on May 9, 2022, along with the fifth season. The sixth season is scheduled to premiere on February 13, 2024.
On May 9, 2022, CBS renewed the series for both a fifth and sixth season. The season was delayed due to the 2023 Hollywood labor disputes including the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike and 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The sixth season of the American police procedural television drama series FBI was announced on May 9, 2022, along with the fifth season. The sixth season is scheduled to premiere on February 13, 2024.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On May 9, 2022, CBS renewed the series for both a fifth and sixth season. The season was delayed due to the 2023 Hollywood labor disputes including the 2023 Writers Guild of America strike and 2023 SAG-AFTRA strike.",
"title": "Production"
}
] | The sixth season of the American police procedural television drama series FBI was announced on May 9, 2022, along with the fifth season. The sixth season is scheduled to premiere on February 13, 2024. | 2023-12-07T19:50:52Z | 2023-12-24T13:10:13Z | [
"Template:Infobox television season",
"Template:Main",
"Template:See also",
"Template:Episode table",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:FBI (franchise)"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FBI_(season_6) |
75,509,745 | List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1859 | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1859. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.
For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.
The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3".
Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.
The third session of the 17th Parliament of the United Kingdom, which met from 3 February 1859 until 19 April 1859.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Burial Act 1859|note1=|public|1|25-03-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act more effectively to prevent Danger to the Public Health from Places of Burial.}}
| {{|Anniversary Days Observance Act 1859|note1=or the Observance of November 5, May 29, etc. Act 1859|public|2|25-03-1859|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to repeal certain Acts and Parts of Acts which relate to the Observance of the Thirtieth of January and other Days.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1859|note1=or the Inclosure Act 1859or the Inclosures Act 1859|public|3|25-03-1859|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Inclosure of certain Lands in pursuance of a Report of the Inclosure Commissioners for England and Wales.}}
| {{|Mutiny Act 1859|public|4|25-03-1859|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act for punishing Mutiny and Desertion, and for the better Payment of the Army and their Quarters.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1859|public|5|25-03-1859|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act for the Regulation of Her Majesty's Royal Marine Forces while on shore. |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Supply Act 1859|public|6|25-03-1859|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to apply the Sum of One million two hundred twenty-two thousand three hundred and eighty-three Pounds Eight Shillings and Ninepence out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year ending the Thirty-first Day of March One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Supply (No. 2) Act 1859|public|7|25-03-1859|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to apply the Sum of Eleven Millions out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|County Courts Westminster and Southwark Act 1859|public|8|25-03-1859|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to repeal the Thirty-second Section of the Act "for the more easy Recovery of Small Debts and Demands in England," and to make further Provision in lieu thereof.}}
| {{|Exchange of Ecclesiastical Patronage Act 1859|public|9|25-03-1859|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to effect an Exchange of Ecclesiastical Patronage between Her Majesty the Queen and Miss Sophia Broadley.}}
| {{|Affirmations by Quakers, etc. Act 1859|public|10|08-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to settle the Form of Affirmation to be made in certain Cases by Quakers and others Persons by Law permitted to make an Affirmation instead of taking an Oath.|note4=(Repealed by Promissory Oaths Act 1871) }}
| {{|East India Loan Act 1859|note1=|public|11|08-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable the Secretary of State in Council of India to raise Money in the United Kingdom for the Service of the Government of India.}}
| {{|Defence Act 1859|note1=|public|12|08-04-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make further provision for the purchase of common and other rights by Her Majesty’s Principal Secretary of State for the War Department, and in relation to land vested in or taken by such Secretary of State.}}
| {{|Patents for Inventions Act 1859|public|13|08-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law concerning Patents for Inventions with respect to Inventions for Improvements in Instruments and Munitions of War.}}
| {{|Manor Courts Abolition (Ireland) Act 1859|note1=|public|14|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act for the Abolition of Manor Courts and the better Recovery of Small Debts in Ireland.|note4=This Act transferred disputes which were previously dealt with by the manor courts to the petty sessions courts. }}
| {{|Indemnity Act 1859|public|15|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to indemnify such Persons in the United Kingdom as have omitted to qualify themselves for Offices and Employments, and to extend the Time limited for those Purposes respectively.|note4=(Repealed by Promissory Oaths Act 1871) }}
| {{|Commissioners for Oaths, Bail in Error, etc. Act 1859|public|16|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable the Judges to appoint Commissioners within Ten Miles of London and in the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands to administer Oaths in Common Law, and to authorize the taking in the Country of Bail in Error, and Recognizances and Bail on the Revenue Side of the Exchequer.}}
| {{|Savings Banks (Ireland) Act 1859|public|17|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the Eleventh and Twelfth Years of Her present Majesty, for amending the Laws relating to Savings Banks in Ireland.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Nottingham Charities Act 1859|public|18|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act for amending and confirming a Scheme of the Charity Commissioners for Sir Thomas White's Charity, and the Free Grammar School in the Town of Nottingham.|po1=Scheme for the Application and Management of the Charities in the Town of Nottingham, called Sir Thomas White's Charity (so far as relates to the Nottingham Branch thereof), and the Free Grammar School of the Foundation of Agnes Mellers.|}}
| {{|Public Offices Extension Act 1859|note1=|public|19|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for enabling the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works to acquire a Site for additional Offices for the Public Service near Whitehall and Her Majesty's Palace at Westminster.}}
| {{|Evidence by Commission Act 1859|note1=|public|20|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to provide for taking Evidence in Suits and Proceedings pending before Tribunals in Her Majesty's Dominions in Places out of the Jurisdiction of such Tribunals.}}
| {{|Medical Act 1859|note1=|public|21|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Medical Act (1858).}}
| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1859|public|22|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for raising the Sum of Thirteen million two hundred and seventy-seven thousand four hundred Pounds by Exchequer Bills, for the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Appropriation Act 1859|public|23|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to apply a Sum out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, and to appropriate the Supplies granted in this Session of Parliament.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1859|public|24|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to render valid certain Marriages in the Church of Saint James Baldersby in the County of York.}}
| {{|Convict Prisons Abroad Act 1859|note1=|public|25|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act for the Government of the Convict Prisons in Her Majesty's Dominions Abroad}}
| {{|Superannuation Act 1859|note1=|public|26|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws concerning Superannuations and other Allowances to Persons having held Civil Offices in the Public Service.}}
| {{|Recreation Grounds Act 1859|note1=|public|27|19-04-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to facilitate Grants of Land to be made near populous Places for the Use of Regulated Recreation of Adults, and as Playgrounds for Children.}}
| {{|Naval Medical Supplemental Fund Society Act 1859|public|28|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to continue the Act for the Regulation of the Annuities and Premiums of the Naval Medical Supplemental Fund Society.}}
| {{|Poor Law Charges Act 1859|public|29|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue the Act for charging the Maintenance of certain Paupers upon the Union Funds.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Confirmation and Probate Amendment Act 1859|note1=|public|30|19-04-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Confirmation and Probate Act, 1858.}}
| {{|Local Government Supplemental Act 1859|note1=|public|31|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders under the Local Government Act (1858).|po1=Provisional Order authorizing the borrowing of 8,500l. by the Worthing Local Board of Health, and the reborrowing of so much of their present Debt of 15,000l. as is still owing by the said Board.| |po2=Provisional Order for extending the Borrowing Powers of the Nantwich Local Board of Health.| |po3=Provisional Order repealing and altering Parts of a Local Act in force within the District of the Worthing Local Board of Health.| |po4=Provisional Order for altering the Boundaries of the District of Newton Heath in the County Palatine of Lancaster, as constituted for the Purposes of the Public Health Act, 1848.| }}
| {{|Remission of Penalties Act 1859|public|32|19-04-1859|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law concerning the Remission of Penalties.}}
| {{|Coroners' Inquests, Bail Act 1859|public|33|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable Coroners in England to admit to Bail Persons charged with Manslaughter.}}
| {{|Combination of Workmen Act 1859|public|34|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and explain an Act of the Sixth Year of the Reign of King George the Fourth, to repeal the Laws relating to the Combination of Workmen and to make other Provisions in lieu thereof.|note4=(Repealed by Criminal Law Amendment Act 1871) }}
| {{|Municipal Corporation Act 1859|note1=|public|35|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to Municipal Elections.}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Shepton Mallet Waterworks Act 1859|local|1|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Swansea Vale Railway Act 1859|local|2|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Wimbledon and Dorking, and Epsom and Leatherhead Railways (Epsom Joint Station) Act 1859|local|3|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Kirkwall Harbour Act 1859|local|4|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Orkney Islands Council Order Confirmation Act 1978 (c.iv)) }}
| {{|Weymouth and Melcombe Regis Markets and Pier Amendment Act 1859|local|5|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Sunderland and South Shields Waterworks Amendment Act 1859|local|6|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Londonderry Bridge Act 1859|local|7|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Findhorn Railway Act 1859|local|8|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Glasgow Corporation Waterworks Amendment Act 1859|local|9|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Tralee and Killarney Railway Act 1859|local|10|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Aberdeen and Turriff Railway Amendment Act 1859|local|11|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Formartine and Buchan Railway (Deviation) Act 1859|local|12|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Great Western and Brentford Railway Leasing Act 1859|local|13|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Whitehaven Town and Harbour Act 1859|local|14|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|City of Norwich Waterworks Act 1859|local|15|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Norwich City Council Act 1984 (c.xxiii) }}
| {{|Falmouth Docks and Harbour Act 1859|local|16|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Falmouth Docks Act 1959 (c.xl) }}
| {{|Glasgow Public Parks Act 1859|local|17|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Glasgow Public Parks Act 1878 (c.lx) }}
| {{|Kingstown Waterworks Act 1859|local|18|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|York Improvement (Foss Abandonment) Act 1859|local|19|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mersey Docks Act 1859|local|20|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Mersey Docks and Harbour Act 1971 (c.lvii) }}
| {{|Poole Waterworks Act 1859|local|21|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Poole Corporation Water Act 1906 (c.clxxix) }}
| {{|Accidental Death Insurance Company's Act 1859|local|22|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Cork and Kinsale Junction Railway Act 1859|local|23|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Fishguard Harbour Act 1859|local|25|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|East European Assurance Society's Act 1859|local|25|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Scarborough Gas Act 1859|local|26|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Scarborough Gas (Consolidation) Act 1927 (c.xcv) }}
| {{|Standard Life Assurance Company's Act 1859|local|27|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Standard Life Assurance Company's Act 1910 (c.x) }}
| {{|East Suffolk Railway Act 1859|local|28|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Victoria (London) Dock Act 1859|local|29|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Commercial Docks Amendment Act 1859|local|30|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Surrey Commercial Dock Act 1864 (c.xxxi) }}
| {{|Ballymena and Portrush Railway (Coleraine Junction) Act 1859|local|31|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|King's Lynn Waterworks and Borough Improvement Act 1859|local|32|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Tavistock Markets Act 1859|local|33|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Leominster and Kington Railway Amendment Act 1859|local|34|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Great Northern Railway Act 1859|local|35|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Charles and Lady Edith Clifton's Name Act 1859|private|1|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to authorize Charles Frederick Clifton Esquire and the Lady Edith Maud his Wife, and their Issue, to assume and bear the Surnames of "Abney Hastings" in lieu of the Surname of Clifton, and to bear the Arms of "Abney" and "Hastings" in compliance with the Condition contained in a Settlement made by Sir Charles Abney Hastings Baronet, deceased, of certain Estates in the Counties of Derby and Leicester.}}
| {{|Enabling Thomas Purdy to exercise the office of priest and hold any benefice or preferment in the United Church of England and Ireland.|note1=|private|2|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to enable Thomas Augustus Purdy Clerk to exercise his Office of Priest and to hold any Benefice or Preferment in the United Church of England and Ireland.}}
}}
The first session of the 18th Parliament of the United Kingdom, which met from 31 May 1859 until 13 August 1859.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Clerk of the Council Act 1859|note1=|public|1|21-07-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Authentication of certain Orders of the Privy Council in the Absence of the Clerk of the Council in Ordinary.}}
| {{|Supply Act 1859|public|2|01-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to apply the Sum of Seven Millions out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Public Health Act 1859|public|3|01-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and make perpetual "The Public Health Act, 1858."|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Middlesex Sessions Act 1859|note1=|public|4|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act for the better Administration of Criminal Justice in Middlesex.}}
| {{|House of Commons Act 1859|public|5|08-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to remove Doubts as to the Qualification of Persons holding Diplomatic Pensions to sit in Parliament.|note4=(Repealed by Diplomatic Salaries, &c. Act 1869) }}
| {{|High Court of Admiralty Act 1859|public|6|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable Serjeants, Barristers-at-Law, Attorneys, and Solicitors to practise in the High Court of Admiralty.}}
| {{|Jury Trials (Scotland) Act 1859|public|7|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Years of Her Majesty, for allowing Verdicts on Trials by Jury in Civil Causes in Scotland to be received, although the Jury may not be unanimous.}}
| {{|Boundary Survey (Ireland) Act 1859|note1=|public|8|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act of the Twentieth and Twenty-first Years of Victoria, Chapter Forty-five, relating to the Survey of Boundaries in Ireland.}}
| {{|Chief Superintendent in China Act 1859|note1=|public|9|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Exercise of the Duties of Chief Superintendent in China in certain Cases.}}
| {{|Legislative Council of Canada Act 1859|public|10|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to empower the Legislature of Canada to make Laws regulating the Appointment of a Speaker of the Legislative Council.}}
| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1859|note1=|public|51|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Turnpike Acts in Great Britain.}}
| {{|Local Government Supplemental Act 1859 (No. 2)|note1=or the Local Government Supplemental (No. 2) Act 1859|public|11|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders under the Local Government Act (1858). |po1=Leamington Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order for altering the Boundaries of the District of Leamington in the County of Warwick, and the Day of Election of the Local Board of the said District. |po2=Teignmouth Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order repealing and altering Parts of a Local Act in force within the District of the Teignmouth Local Board, and providing for the future execution thereof. |po3=Wigan Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order repealing and altering Parts of a Local Act in force within the District of the Wigan Local Board of Health. |po4=Wigan (Borrowing Powers) Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order for extending the Borrowing Powers of the Wigan Local Board of Health. |po5=Battle Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order for extending the Borrowing Powers of the Battle Local Board of Health. |po6=Knighton Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order for extending the Borrowing Powers of the Knighton Local Board of Health. |po7=Cardiff Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order putting in force the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, within the District of the Cardiff Local Board of Health, in the County of Glamorgan, for the Purchase of Lands by the said Board for Improvements. |po8=Derby Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order repealing an Exemption from Rating under a Local Act in force within the District of the Derby Local Board of Health. }}
| {{|Colonial Affidavits Act 1859|note1=|public|12|08-08-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to repeal, as regards the Colony of Victoria) and to enable other Colonial Legislatures to repeal, certain Provisions of the Imperial Acts of the Fifty-fourth Year of George the Third, Chapter Fifteen, and of the Fifth and Sixth Years of William the Fourth, Chapter Sixty-two. }}
| {{|Antigua and Barbuda Act 1859|public|13|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable Her Majesty to confirm an Act passed by the Legislature of Antigua, intituled An Act to extend the Operation of the Laws of Antigua to the Island of Barbuda.}}
| {{|Pawnbrokers Act 1859|public|14|08-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Years of King George the Third, for better regulating the Business of Pawnbrokers.|note4=(Repealed by Pawnbrokers Act 1872) }}
| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1859|public|15|08-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to suspend the making of Lists and the Ballots for the Militia of the United Kingdom.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Probate and other Courts and Registries Site Act 1859|note1=|public|16|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works to acquire a Site for the Purposes of Her Majesty's Court of Probate., and other Courts and Offices.}}
| {{|Vexatious Indictments Act 1859|note1=|public|17|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to prevent Vexatious Indictments for certain Misdemeanors.}}
| {{|Income Tax Act 1859|note1=|public|18|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act for granting to Her Majesty additional Rates of Income Tax; and to reduce the Period of Credit allowed for Payment of the Excise Duty on Malt.}}
| {{|Universities of Oxford and Cambridge Act 1859|public|19|13-08-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to repeal Part of an Act passed in the Thirteenth Year of Elizabeth, Chapter Twenty-nine, concerning the several Incorporations of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and the Confirmation of the Charters, Liberties, and Privileges granted to either of them.}}
| {{|Military Savings Banks Act 1859|note1=or the Military Savings Bank Act 1859|public|20|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend and consolidate the Laws relating to Military Savings Banks.}}
| {{|Queen's Remembrancer Act 1859|note1=|public|21|13-08-1859|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to regulate the Office of Queen's Remembrancer, and to amend the Practice and Procedure on the Revenue Side of the Court of Exchequer.}}
| {{|Constabulary (Ireland) Act 1859|note1=|public|22|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts relating to the Constabulary Force in Ireland.}}
| {{|County Cess (Ireland) Act 1859|public|23|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Acts relating to the Collection of County Cess in Ireland.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Universities (Scotland) Act 1859|note1=|public|24|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to remove Doubts as to Admission to the Office of Principal in the Universities of Scotland.|note4=(Repealed by Universities (Scotland) Act 1932) }}
| {{|Linen, etc., Manufacturers (Ireland) Act 1859|public|25|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Acts relating to Linen, Hempen, and other Manufactures in Ireland.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|North-Western Territories of America Act 1859|note1=|public|26|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for the Regulation of the Trade with the Indians, and for the Administration of Justice in the North-western Territories of America.}}
| {{|European Troops in India Act 1859|public|27|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to repeal the Thirty-first Section of the Act of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Years of Victoria, Chapter Ninety-five, and to alter the Limit of the Number of European Troops to be maintained for local Service in India.}}
| {{|Galway Harbour Act 1859|public|28|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Galway Harbour and Port Act (1853)|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Repeal of Nore Tolls Act 1859|public|29|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to repeal a certain Toll levied upon Fishing Vessels passing the Nore.}}
| {{|Coinage Act 1859|public|30|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Enactments relating to the Copper Coin to Coin of mixed Metal.|note4=(Repealed by Coinage Act 1870) }}
| {{|Court of Probate Act (Ireland) 1859|note1= or the Court of Probate (Ireland) Act 1859.|public|31|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to Probates and Letters of Administration in Ireland.}}
| {{|County and Borough Police Act 1859|note1=or the Police Act 1859|public|32|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law concerning the Police in Counties and Boroughs in England and Wales.}}
| {{|Provisional Order Confirmation Turnpikes Act 1859|public|33|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders made under an Act of the Fifteenth Year of Her present Majesty, to facilitate Arrangements for the Belief of Turnpike Trusts.}}
| {{|Cambridge University, etc. Act 1859|public|34|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue the Powers of the Commissioners under an Act of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Years of Her Majesty, concerning the University of Cambridge and the College of King Henry the Sixth at Eton.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Law of Property Amendment Act 1859|note1=|public|35|13-08-1859|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to further amend the Law of Property, and to relieve Trustees.}}
| {{|Probate Duty Act 1859|note1=|public|36|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to alter the Stamp Duties payable upon Probates of Wills and Letters of Administration, to repeal the Stamp Duties on Licences to exercise the Faculty of Physic, and to amend the Laws relating to Hawkers and Pedlars.}}
| {{|Customs Amendment Act 1859|note1=This short title was conferred on this act by section 9 of this act.or the Customs Act 1859|public|37|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Amendment of the Laws relating to the Customs.|note4=(Repealed by Customs Consolidation Act 1876) }}
| {{|Militia Act 1859|public|38|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act further to amend the Laws relating to the Militia.|note4=(Repealed by Militia (Voluntary Enlistment) Act 1875) }}
| {{|East India Loan (No. 2) Act 1859|note1=|public|39|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable the Secretary of State in Council of India to raise Money in the United Kingdom for the Service of the Government of India.}}
| {{|Royal Naval Reserve (Volunteer) Act 1859|note1=|public|40|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Establishment of a Reserve Volunteer Force of Seamen, and for the Government of the same.|note4=(Repealed by Reserve Forces Act 1980) }}
| {{|Government of India Act 1859|note1=|public|41|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act for the better Government of India.}}
| {{|Reserve Force Act 1859|public|42|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Establishment of a Reserve Force of Men who have been in Her Majesty's Service.|note4=(Repealed by Reserve Force Act 1867) }}
| {{|Inclosure Act 1859|note1=|public|43|13-08-1859|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and extend the Provisions of the Acts for the Inclosure, Exchange, and Improvement of Land.}}
| {{|Poor Rates Act 1859|public|44|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue the Act for the Exemption of Stock in Trade from Rating.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1859|public|45|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to continue certain temporary Provisions concerning Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in England.}}
| {{|Episcopal and Capitular Estates Act 1859|note1=|public|46|13-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue and amend the Act concerning the Management of Episcopal and Capitular Estates in England.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1993) }}
| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1859|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1859|public|47|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Inclosure of certain Lands in pursuance of a Special Report of the Inclosure Commissioners of England and Wales.}}
| {{|Corrupt Practices Act 1859|public|48|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue the Corrupt Practices Prevention Act, 1854|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Poor Law (Payment of Debts) Act 1859|note1=|public|49|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Payment of Debts incurred by Boards of Guardians in Unions and Parishes and Boards of Management in School Districts.}}
| {{|Roman Catholic Charities Act 1859|public|50|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act further to continue the Exemption of certain Charities from the Operation of the Charitable Trusts Acts.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Dublin Police Act 1859|note1=|public|52|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Police District of Dublin Metropolis.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Savings Bank (Charitable Societies) Act 1859|note1=|public|53|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to enable Charitable and Provident Societies and Penny Savings Banks to invest all their Proceeds in Savings Banks.|note4=(Repealed by Post Office Savings Bank Act 1861) }}
| {{|Militia Pay Act 1859|public|54|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to defray the Charge of the Pay, Clothing, and contingent and other Expenses of the Disembodied Militia in Great Britain and Ireland; to grant Allowances in certain Cases to Subaltern Officers, Adjutants, Paymasters, Quartermasters, Surgeons, Assistant Surgeons, and Surgeons Mates of the Militia; and to authorize the Employment of the Noncommissioned Officers.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Appropriation Act 1859|public|55|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to apply a Sum out of the Consolidated Fund and the Surplus of Ways and Means to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine; and to appropriate the Supplies granted in this Session of Parliament.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Weights and Measures Act 1859|public|56|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act of the Fifth and Sixth Years of King William the Fourth, Chapter Sixty-three, relating to Weights and Measures.}}
| {{|County Courts Act 1859|note1=or the County Court Judges Act 1859|public|57|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act limiting the Power of Imprisonment for Small Debts exercised by the County Court Judges.|note4=(Repealed by Bankruptcy Repeal and Insolvent Court Act 1869) }}
| {{|Westminster Bridge Act 1859|note1=|public|58|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to empower the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works and Public Buildings to acquire additional Space for the Western Approach to Westminster New Bridge.|note4=(Repealed by Local Law (Greater London Council and Inner London Boroughs) Order 1965) }}
| {{|Railway Companies Arbitration Act 1859|note1=|public|59|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable Railway Companies to settle their Differences with other Companies by Arbitration.}}
| {{|Holyhead Harbour Railway Act 1859|public|60|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to extend the Powers of an Act passed in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Years of Her Majesty, Chapter One hundred and eleven, relating to the laying down of Railways at Holyhead Harbour.}}
| {{|Matrimonial Causes Act 1859|note1=|public|61|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision concerning the Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes.}}
| {{|Bankruptcy, etc. (Ireland) Act 1859|public|62|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Irish Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (1857)|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|British Law Ascertainment Act 1859|note1=|public|63|13-08-1859|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to afford Facilities for the more certain Ascertainment of the Law administered in one Part of Her Majesty's Dominions when pleaded in the Courts of another Part thereof.}}
| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1859|public|64|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to remove Doubts as to the Validity of certain Marriages of British Subjects at Lisbon.}}
| {{|Petty Sessional Divisions Act 1859|note1=|public|63|13-08-1859|archived=n|archived=n|An Act for amending the Acts for the better Regulation of Divisions in the several Counties of England and Wales.}}
| {{|Sale of Gas Act 1859|note1=|public|66|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act for regulating Measures used in Sales of Gas.}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Great Western Railway Act 1859|local|1|31-05-1859|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Wells and Fakenham Railway Act 1859|local|139|31-05-1859|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Earl of Kintore's Estate Act 1859|private|1|08-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Exchange of certain detached Portions situate in the County of Forfar of the entailed Estate of Haulkertoun for the Lands of Balbithan and Wester Fintray in the County of Aberdeen to be entailed in lieu thereof; and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Earl Vane's Estate Act 1859|private|2|08-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for authorizing the Trustees of the Settled Estates in Wales of Earl Vane and Countess Vane to raise Five thousand Pounds by Mortgage of the same Estates, and to become Shareholders to the Extent of such Sum in the Newtown and Machynlleth Railway Company, and to sell to the Company Part of the Settled Estates in consideration of a yearly Rentcharge; and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Lucette's Estate Act 1859|private|3|08-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for confirming and giving effect to an Agreement for a Lease by the Westminster Improvement Commissioners of Land in Victoria Street and Dean Street in the Cit of Westminster to Alfred Lucette, of which the Short Title is "Lucette's Estate Act, 1859."}}
| {{|Ramsden's Estate (Leasing) Act 1859|private|4|13-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for authorizing Leases of Parts of the Settled Estates, in the Parishes of Huddersfield, Almondbury, and Kirkheaton, in the West Riding of the County of York, of Sir John William Ramsden Baronet, and of which the Short Title is "Ramsden's Estate (Leasing) Act, 1859."|note4=(Repealed by West Yorkshire Act 1980 (c. xiv) }}
| {{|Robins' Estate Act 1859|private|5|13-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for effecting a Partition of the Landed Estates of Josiah Robins deceased in and near to Birmingham and elsewhere, and for facilitating the Erection and Endowment of a Church thereon, and for authorizing the Application of Moneys, subject to the Trusts of his Will, towards the Expenses of making Bridges for the Benefit of Parts of his Estates; and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|William Sandwith's Divorce Act 1859|note1=|private|6|31-05-1859|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to dissolve the Marriage of William Sandwith Esquire with Georgina Mary his now Wife, and to enable him to marry again; and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|James Dickinson's Divorce Act 1859|note1=|private|7|31-05-1859|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to dissolve the Marriage of James Edward Dickinson, a Surgeon in the Honourable East India Company's Service in the East Indies, with Henrietta Louisa his now Wife, and to enable him to marry again; and for other Purposes therein mentioned.}} }} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1859. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as \"39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67\", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus \"41 Geo. 3\" rather than \"41 Geo. III\"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as \"41 Geo. 3\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The third session of the 17th Parliament of the United Kingdom, which met from 3 February 1859 until 19 April 1859.",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Burial Act 1859|note1=|public|1|25-03-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act more effectively to prevent Danger to the Public Health from Places of Burial.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "| {{|Anniversary Days Observance Act 1859|note1=or the Observance of November 5, May 29, etc. Act 1859|public|2|25-03-1859|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to repeal certain Acts and Parts of Acts which relate to the Observance of the Thirtieth of January and other Days.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1859|note1=or the Inclosure Act 1859or the Inclosures Act 1859|public|3|25-03-1859|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Inclosure of certain Lands in pursuance of a Report of the Inclosure Commissioners for England and Wales.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "| {{|Mutiny Act 1859|public|4|25-03-1859|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act for punishing Mutiny and Desertion, and for the better Payment of the Army and their Quarters.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1859|public|5|25-03-1859|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act for the Regulation of Her Majesty's Royal Marine Forces while on shore. |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1859|public|6|25-03-1859|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to apply the Sum of One million two hundred twenty-two thousand three hundred and eighty-three Pounds Eight Shillings and Ninepence out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year ending the Thirty-first Day of March One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "| {{|Supply (No. 2) Act 1859|public|7|25-03-1859|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to apply the Sum of Eleven Millions out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "| {{|County Courts Westminster and Southwark Act 1859|public|8|25-03-1859|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to repeal the Thirty-second Section of the Act \"for the more easy Recovery of Small Debts and Demands in England,\" and to make further Provision in lieu thereof.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "| {{|Exchange of Ecclesiastical Patronage Act 1859|public|9|25-03-1859|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to effect an Exchange of Ecclesiastical Patronage between Her Majesty the Queen and Miss Sophia Broadley.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "| {{|Affirmations by Quakers, etc. Act 1859|public|10|08-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to settle the Form of Affirmation to be made in certain Cases by Quakers and others Persons by Law permitted to make an Affirmation instead of taking an Oath.|note4=(Repealed by Promissory Oaths Act 1871) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "| {{|East India Loan Act 1859|note1=|public|11|08-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable the Secretary of State in Council of India to raise Money in the United Kingdom for the Service of the Government of India.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "| {{|Defence Act 1859|note1=|public|12|08-04-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make further provision for the purchase of common and other rights by Her Majesty’s Principal Secretary of State for the War Department, and in relation to land vested in or taken by such Secretary of State.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "| {{|Patents for Inventions Act 1859|public|13|08-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law concerning Patents for Inventions with respect to Inventions for Improvements in Instruments and Munitions of War.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "| {{|Manor Courts Abolition (Ireland) Act 1859|note1=|public|14|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act for the Abolition of Manor Courts and the better Recovery of Small Debts in Ireland.|note4=This Act transferred disputes which were previously dealt with by the manor courts to the petty sessions courts. }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "| {{|Indemnity Act 1859|public|15|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to indemnify such Persons in the United Kingdom as have omitted to qualify themselves for Offices and Employments, and to extend the Time limited for those Purposes respectively.|note4=(Repealed by Promissory Oaths Act 1871) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "| {{|Commissioners for Oaths, Bail in Error, etc. Act 1859|public|16|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable the Judges to appoint Commissioners within Ten Miles of London and in the Isle of Man and the Channel Islands to administer Oaths in Common Law, and to authorize the taking in the Country of Bail in Error, and Recognizances and Bail on the Revenue Side of the Exchequer.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "| {{|Savings Banks (Ireland) Act 1859|public|17|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue an Act of the Eleventh and Twelfth Years of Her present Majesty, for amending the Laws relating to Savings Banks in Ireland.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "| {{|Nottingham Charities Act 1859|public|18|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act for amending and confirming a Scheme of the Charity Commissioners for Sir Thomas White's Charity, and the Free Grammar School in the Town of Nottingham.|po1=Scheme for the Application and Management of the Charities in the Town of Nottingham, called Sir Thomas White's Charity (so far as relates to the Nottingham Branch thereof), and the Free Grammar School of the Foundation of Agnes Mellers.|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "| {{|Public Offices Extension Act 1859|note1=|public|19|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for enabling the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works to acquire a Site for additional Offices for the Public Service near Whitehall and Her Majesty's Palace at Westminster.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "| {{|Evidence by Commission Act 1859|note1=|public|20|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to provide for taking Evidence in Suits and Proceedings pending before Tribunals in Her Majesty's Dominions in Places out of the Jurisdiction of such Tribunals.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "| {{|Medical Act 1859|note1=|public|21|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Medical Act (1858).}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1859|public|22|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for raising the Sum of Thirteen million two hundred and seventy-seven thousand four hundred Pounds by Exchequer Bills, for the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "| {{|Appropriation Act 1859|public|23|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to apply a Sum out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine, and to appropriate the Supplies granted in this Session of Parliament.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1859|public|24|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to render valid certain Marriages in the Church of Saint James Baldersby in the County of York.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "| {{|Convict Prisons Abroad Act 1859|note1=|public|25|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act for the Government of the Convict Prisons in Her Majesty's Dominions Abroad}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "| {{|Superannuation Act 1859|note1=|public|26|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws concerning Superannuations and other Allowances to Persons having held Civil Offices in the Public Service.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "| {{|Recreation Grounds Act 1859|note1=|public|27|19-04-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to facilitate Grants of Land to be made near populous Places for the Use of Regulated Recreation of Adults, and as Playgrounds for Children.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "| {{|Naval Medical Supplemental Fund Society Act 1859|public|28|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to continue the Act for the Regulation of the Annuities and Premiums of the Naval Medical Supplemental Fund Society.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law Charges Act 1859|public|29|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue the Act for charging the Maintenance of certain Paupers upon the Union Funds.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "| {{|Confirmation and Probate Amendment Act 1859|note1=|public|30|19-04-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Confirmation and Probate Act, 1858.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "| {{|Local Government Supplemental Act 1859|note1=|public|31|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders under the Local Government Act (1858).|po1=Provisional Order authorizing the borrowing of 8,500l. by the Worthing Local Board of Health, and the reborrowing of so much of their present Debt of 15,000l. as is still owing by the said Board.| |po2=Provisional Order for extending the Borrowing Powers of the Nantwich Local Board of Health.| |po3=Provisional Order repealing and altering Parts of a Local Act in force within the District of the Worthing Local Board of Health.| |po4=Provisional Order for altering the Boundaries of the District of Newton Heath in the County Palatine of Lancaster, as constituted for the Purposes of the Public Health Act, 1848.| }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "| {{|Remission of Penalties Act 1859|public|32|19-04-1859|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law concerning the Remission of Penalties.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "| {{|Coroners' Inquests, Bail Act 1859|public|33|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable Coroners in England to admit to Bail Persons charged with Manslaughter.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "| {{|Combination of Workmen Act 1859|public|34|19-04-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and explain an Act of the Sixth Year of the Reign of King George the Fourth, to repeal the Laws relating to the Combination of Workmen and to make other Provisions in lieu thereof.|note4=(Repealed by Criminal Law Amendment Act 1871) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "| {{|Municipal Corporation Act 1859|note1=|public|35|19-04-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to Municipal Elections.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Shepton Mallet Waterworks Act 1859|local|1|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "| {{|Swansea Vale Railway Act 1859|local|2|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "| {{|Wimbledon and Dorking, and Epsom and Leatherhead Railways (Epsom Joint Station) Act 1859|local|3|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "| {{|Kirkwall Harbour Act 1859|local|4|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Orkney Islands Council Order Confirmation Act 1978 (c.iv)) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "| {{|Weymouth and Melcombe Regis Markets and Pier Amendment Act 1859|local|5|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "| {{|Sunderland and South Shields Waterworks Amendment Act 1859|local|6|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "| {{|Londonderry Bridge Act 1859|local|7|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "| {{|Findhorn Railway Act 1859|local|8|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "| {{|Glasgow Corporation Waterworks Amendment Act 1859|local|9|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "| {{|Tralee and Killarney Railway Act 1859|local|10|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "| {{|Aberdeen and Turriff Railway Amendment Act 1859|local|11|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "| {{|Formartine and Buchan Railway (Deviation) Act 1859|local|12|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "| {{|Great Western and Brentford Railway Leasing Act 1859|local|13|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "| {{|Whitehaven Town and Harbour Act 1859|local|14|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "| {{|City of Norwich Waterworks Act 1859|local|15|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Norwich City Council Act 1984 (c.xxiii) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "| {{|Falmouth Docks and Harbour Act 1859|local|16|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Falmouth Docks Act 1959 (c.xl) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "| {{|Glasgow Public Parks Act 1859|local|17|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Glasgow Public Parks Act 1878 (c.lx) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"text": "| {{|Kingstown Waterworks Act 1859|local|18|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"text": "| {{|York Improvement (Foss Abandonment) Act 1859|local|19|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"text": "| {{|Mersey Docks Act 1859|local|20|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Mersey Docks and Harbour Act 1971 (c.lvii) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"text": "| {{|Poole Waterworks Act 1859|local|21|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Poole Corporation Water Act 1906 (c.clxxix) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"text": "| {{|Accidental Death Insurance Company's Act 1859|local|22|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"text": "| {{|Cork and Kinsale Junction Railway Act 1859|local|23|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"text": "| {{|Fishguard Harbour Act 1859|local|25|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"text": "| {{|East European Assurance Society's Act 1859|local|25|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"text": "| {{|Scarborough Gas Act 1859|local|26|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Scarborough Gas (Consolidation) Act 1927 (c.xcv) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"text": "| {{|Standard Life Assurance Company's Act 1859|local|27|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Standard Life Assurance Company's Act 1910 (c.x) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"text": "| {{|East Suffolk Railway Act 1859|local|28|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"text": "| {{|Victoria (London) Dock Act 1859|local|29|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"text": "| {{|Commercial Docks Amendment Act 1859|local|30|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=n|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Surrey Commercial Dock Act 1864 (c.xxxi) }}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"text": "| {{|Ballymena and Portrush Railway (Coleraine Junction) Act 1859|local|31|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"text": "| {{|King's Lynn Waterworks and Borough Improvement Act 1859|local|32|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"text": "| {{|Tavistock Markets Act 1859|local|33|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"text": "| {{|Leominster and Kington Railway Amendment Act 1859|local|34|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"text": "| {{|Great Northern Railway Act 1859|local|35|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"text": "}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Charles and Lady Edith Clifton's Name Act 1859|private|1|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to authorize Charles Frederick Clifton Esquire and the Lady Edith Maud his Wife, and their Issue, to assume and bear the Surnames of \"Abney Hastings\" in lieu of the Surname of Clifton, and to bear the Arms of \"Abney\" and \"Hastings\" in compliance with the Condition contained in a Settlement made by Sir Charles Abney Hastings Baronet, deceased, of certain Estates in the Counties of Derby and Leicester.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"text": "| {{|Enabling Thomas Purdy to exercise the office of priest and hold any benefice or preferment in the United Church of England and Ireland.|note1=|private|2|03-02-1859|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=n|archived=n|An Act to enable Thomas Augustus Purdy Clerk to exercise his Office of Priest and to hold any Benefice or Preferment in the United Church of England and Ireland.}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"text": "}}",
"title": "22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"text": "The first session of the 18th Parliament of the United Kingdom, which met from 31 May 1859 until 13 August 1859.",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Clerk of the Council Act 1859|note1=|public|1|21-07-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Authentication of certain Orders of the Privy Council in the Absence of the Clerk of the Council in Ordinary.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1859|public|2|01-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to apply the Sum of Seven Millions out of the Consolidated Fund to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Act 1859|public|3|01-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and make perpetual \"The Public Health Act, 1858.\"|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"text": "| {{|Middlesex Sessions Act 1859|note1=|public|4|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act for the better Administration of Criminal Justice in Middlesex.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"text": "| {{|House of Commons Act 1859|public|5|08-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to remove Doubts as to the Qualification of Persons holding Diplomatic Pensions to sit in Parliament.|note4=(Repealed by Diplomatic Salaries, &c. Act 1869) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"text": "| {{|High Court of Admiralty Act 1859|public|6|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable Serjeants, Barristers-at-Law, Attorneys, and Solicitors to practise in the High Court of Admiralty.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"text": "| {{|Jury Trials (Scotland) Act 1859|public|7|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Years of Her Majesty, for allowing Verdicts on Trials by Jury in Civil Causes in Scotland to be received, although the Jury may not be unanimous.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"text": "| {{|Boundary Survey (Ireland) Act 1859|note1=|public|8|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act of the Twentieth and Twenty-first Years of Victoria, Chapter Forty-five, relating to the Survey of Boundaries in Ireland.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"text": "| {{|Chief Superintendent in China Act 1859|note1=|public|9|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Exercise of the Duties of Chief Superintendent in China in certain Cases.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"text": "| {{|Legislative Council of Canada Act 1859|public|10|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to empower the Legislature of Canada to make Laws regulating the Appointment of a Speaker of the Legislative Council.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"text": "| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1859|note1=|public|51|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Turnpike Acts in Great Britain.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"text": "| {{|Local Government Supplemental Act 1859 (No. 2)|note1=or the Local Government Supplemental (No. 2) Act 1859|public|11|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders under the Local Government Act (1858). |po1=Leamington Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order for altering the Boundaries of the District of Leamington in the County of Warwick, and the Day of Election of the Local Board of the said District. |po2=Teignmouth Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order repealing and altering Parts of a Local Act in force within the District of the Teignmouth Local Board, and providing for the future execution thereof. |po3=Wigan Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order repealing and altering Parts of a Local Act in force within the District of the Wigan Local Board of Health. |po4=Wigan (Borrowing Powers) Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order for extending the Borrowing Powers of the Wigan Local Board of Health. |po5=Battle Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order for extending the Borrowing Powers of the Battle Local Board of Health. |po6=Knighton Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order for extending the Borrowing Powers of the Knighton Local Board of Health. |po7=Cardiff Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order putting in force the Lands Clauses Consolidation Act, 1845, within the District of the Cardiff Local Board of Health, in the County of Glamorgan, for the Purchase of Lands by the said Board for Improvements. |po8=Derby Provisional Order 1859|Provisional Order repealing an Exemption from Rating under a Local Act in force within the District of the Derby Local Board of Health. }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"text": "| {{|Colonial Affidavits Act 1859|note1=|public|12|08-08-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to repeal, as regards the Colony of Victoria) and to enable other Colonial Legislatures to repeal, certain Provisions of the Imperial Acts of the Fifty-fourth Year of George the Third, Chapter Fifteen, and of the Fifth and Sixth Years of William the Fourth, Chapter Sixty-two. }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"text": "| {{|Antigua and Barbuda Act 1859|public|13|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable Her Majesty to confirm an Act passed by the Legislature of Antigua, intituled An Act to extend the Operation of the Laws of Antigua to the Island of Barbuda.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"text": "| {{|Pawnbrokers Act 1859|public|14|08-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act of the Thirty-ninth and Fortieth Years of King George the Third, for better regulating the Business of Pawnbrokers.|note4=(Repealed by Pawnbrokers Act 1872) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"text": "| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1859|public|15|08-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to suspend the making of Lists and the Ballots for the Militia of the United Kingdom.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"text": "| {{|Probate and other Courts and Registries Site Act 1859|note1=|public|16|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works to acquire a Site for the Purposes of Her Majesty's Court of Probate., and other Courts and Offices.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"text": "| {{|Vexatious Indictments Act 1859|note1=|public|17|08-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to prevent Vexatious Indictments for certain Misdemeanors.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"text": "| {{|Income Tax Act 1859|note1=|public|18|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act for granting to Her Majesty additional Rates of Income Tax; and to reduce the Period of Credit allowed for Payment of the Excise Duty on Malt.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"text": "| {{|Universities of Oxford and Cambridge Act 1859|public|19|13-08-1859|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to repeal Part of an Act passed in the Thirteenth Year of Elizabeth, Chapter Twenty-nine, concerning the several Incorporations of the Universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and the Confirmation of the Charters, Liberties, and Privileges granted to either of them.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"text": "| {{|Military Savings Banks Act 1859|note1=or the Military Savings Bank Act 1859|public|20|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend and consolidate the Laws relating to Military Savings Banks.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"text": "| {{|Queen's Remembrancer Act 1859|note1=|public|21|13-08-1859|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to regulate the Office of Queen's Remembrancer, and to amend the Practice and Procedure on the Revenue Side of the Court of Exchequer.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"text": "| {{|Constabulary (Ireland) Act 1859|note1=|public|22|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts relating to the Constabulary Force in Ireland.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"text": "| {{|County Cess (Ireland) Act 1859|public|23|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Acts relating to the Collection of County Cess in Ireland.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"text": "| {{|Universities (Scotland) Act 1859|note1=|public|24|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to remove Doubts as to Admission to the Office of Principal in the Universities of Scotland.|note4=(Repealed by Universities (Scotland) Act 1932) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"text": "| {{|Linen, etc., Manufacturers (Ireland) Act 1859|public|25|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue certain Acts relating to Linen, Hempen, and other Manufactures in Ireland.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"text": "| {{|North-Western Territories of America Act 1859|note1=|public|26|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for the Regulation of the Trade with the Indians, and for the Administration of Justice in the North-western Territories of America.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"text": "| {{|European Troops in India Act 1859|public|27|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to repeal the Thirty-first Section of the Act of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Years of Victoria, Chapter Ninety-five, and to alter the Limit of the Number of European Troops to be maintained for local Service in India.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"text": "| {{|Galway Harbour Act 1859|public|28|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Galway Harbour and Port Act (1853)|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"text": "| {{|Repeal of Nore Tolls Act 1859|public|29|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to repeal a certain Toll levied upon Fishing Vessels passing the Nore.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"text": "| {{|Coinage Act 1859|public|30|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Enactments relating to the Copper Coin to Coin of mixed Metal.|note4=(Repealed by Coinage Act 1870) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"text": "| {{|Court of Probate Act (Ireland) 1859|note1= or the Court of Probate (Ireland) Act 1859.|public|31|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to Probates and Letters of Administration in Ireland.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"text": "| {{|County and Borough Police Act 1859|note1=or the Police Act 1859|public|32|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law concerning the Police in Counties and Boroughs in England and Wales.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"text": "| {{|Provisional Order Confirmation Turnpikes Act 1859|public|33|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders made under an Act of the Fifteenth Year of Her present Majesty, to facilitate Arrangements for the Belief of Turnpike Trusts.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"text": "| {{|Cambridge University, etc. Act 1859|public|34|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue the Powers of the Commissioners under an Act of the Nineteenth and Twentieth Years of Her Majesty, concerning the University of Cambridge and the College of King Henry the Sixth at Eton.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"text": "| {{|Law of Property Amendment Act 1859|note1=|public|35|13-08-1859|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to further amend the Law of Property, and to relieve Trustees.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"text": "| {{|Probate Duty Act 1859|note1=|public|36|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to alter the Stamp Duties payable upon Probates of Wills and Letters of Administration, to repeal the Stamp Duties on Licences to exercise the Faculty of Physic, and to amend the Laws relating to Hawkers and Pedlars.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"text": "| {{|Customs Amendment Act 1859|note1=This short title was conferred on this act by section 9 of this act.or the Customs Act 1859|public|37|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Amendment of the Laws relating to the Customs.|note4=(Repealed by Customs Consolidation Act 1876) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"text": "| {{|Militia Act 1859|public|38|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act further to amend the Laws relating to the Militia.|note4=(Repealed by Militia (Voluntary Enlistment) Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"text": "| {{|East India Loan (No. 2) Act 1859|note1=|public|39|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable the Secretary of State in Council of India to raise Money in the United Kingdom for the Service of the Government of India.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"text": "| {{|Royal Naval Reserve (Volunteer) Act 1859|note1=|public|40|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Establishment of a Reserve Volunteer Force of Seamen, and for the Government of the same.|note4=(Repealed by Reserve Forces Act 1980) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"text": "| {{|Government of India Act 1859|note1=|public|41|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act for the better Government of India.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"text": "| {{|Reserve Force Act 1859|public|42|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Establishment of a Reserve Force of Men who have been in Her Majesty's Service.|note4=(Repealed by Reserve Force Act 1867) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"text": "| {{|Inclosure Act 1859|note1=|public|43|13-08-1859|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and extend the Provisions of the Acts for the Inclosure, Exchange, and Improvement of Land.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"text": "| {{|Poor Rates Act 1859|public|44|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue the Act for the Exemption of Stock in Trade from Rating.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1859|public|45|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to continue certain temporary Provisions concerning Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction in England.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"text": "| {{|Episcopal and Capitular Estates Act 1859|note1=|public|46|13-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue and amend the Act concerning the Management of Episcopal and Capitular Estates in England.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1993) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"text": "| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1859|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1859|public|47|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Inclosure of certain Lands in pursuance of a Special Report of the Inclosure Commissioners of England and Wales.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"text": "| {{|Corrupt Practices Act 1859|public|48|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to continue the Corrupt Practices Prevention Act, 1854|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law (Payment of Debts) Act 1859|note1=|public|49|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Payment of Debts incurred by Boards of Guardians in Unions and Parishes and Boards of Management in School Districts.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"text": "| {{|Roman Catholic Charities Act 1859|public|50|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act further to continue the Exemption of certain Charities from the Operation of the Charitable Trusts Acts.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"text": "| {{|Dublin Police Act 1859|note1=|public|52|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws relating to the Police District of Dublin Metropolis.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"text": "| {{|Savings Bank (Charitable Societies) Act 1859|note1=|public|53|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to enable Charitable and Provident Societies and Penny Savings Banks to invest all their Proceeds in Savings Banks.|note4=(Repealed by Post Office Savings Bank Act 1861) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"text": "| {{|Militia Pay Act 1859|public|54|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to defray the Charge of the Pay, Clothing, and contingent and other Expenses of the Disembodied Militia in Great Britain and Ireland; to grant Allowances in certain Cases to Subaltern Officers, Adjutants, Paymasters, Quartermasters, Surgeons, Assistant Surgeons, and Surgeons Mates of the Militia; and to authorize the Employment of the Noncommissioned Officers.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"text": "| {{|Appropriation Act 1859|public|55|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to apply a Sum out of the Consolidated Fund and the Surplus of Ways and Means to the Service of the Year One thousand eight hundred and fifty-nine; and to appropriate the Supplies granted in this Session of Parliament.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"text": "| {{|Weights and Measures Act 1859|public|56|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act of the Fifth and Sixth Years of King William the Fourth, Chapter Sixty-three, relating to Weights and Measures.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"text": "| {{|County Courts Act 1859|note1=or the County Court Judges Act 1859|public|57|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act limiting the Power of Imprisonment for Small Debts exercised by the County Court Judges.|note4=(Repealed by Bankruptcy Repeal and Insolvent Court Act 1869) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"text": "| {{|Westminster Bridge Act 1859|note1=|public|58|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to empower the Commissioners of Her Majesty's Works and Public Buildings to acquire additional Space for the Western Approach to Westminster New Bridge.|note4=(Repealed by Local Law (Greater London Council and Inner London Boroughs) Order 1965) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"text": "| {{|Railway Companies Arbitration Act 1859|note1=|public|59|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to enable Railway Companies to settle their Differences with other Companies by Arbitration.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"text": "| {{|Holyhead Harbour Railway Act 1859|public|60|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to extend the Powers of an Act passed in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Years of Her Majesty, Chapter One hundred and eleven, relating to the laying down of Railways at Holyhead Harbour.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"text": "| {{|Matrimonial Causes Act 1859|note1=|public|61|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision concerning the Court for Divorce and Matrimonial Causes.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"text": "| {{|Bankruptcy, etc. (Ireland) Act 1859|public|62|13-08-1859|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Irish Bankruptcy and Insolvency Act (1857)|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"text": "| {{|British Law Ascertainment Act 1859|note1=|public|63|13-08-1859|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to afford Facilities for the more certain Ascertainment of the Law administered in one Part of Her Majesty's Dominions when pleaded in the Courts of another Part thereof.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"text": "| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1859|public|64|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act to remove Doubts as to the Validity of certain Marriages of British Subjects at Lisbon.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"text": "| {{|Petty Sessional Divisions Act 1859|note1=|public|63|13-08-1859|archived=n|archived=n|An Act for amending the Acts for the better Regulation of Divisions in the several Counties of England and Wales.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"text": "| {{|Sale of Gas Act 1859|note1=|public|66|13-08-1859|archived=n|An Act for regulating Measures used in Sales of Gas.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"text": "}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Great Western Railway Act 1859|local|1|31-05-1859|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"text": "| {{|Wells and Fakenham Railway Act 1859|local|139|31-05-1859|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"text": "}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Earl of Kintore's Estate Act 1859|private|1|08-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Exchange of certain detached Portions situate in the County of Forfar of the entailed Estate of Haulkertoun for the Lands of Balbithan and Wester Fintray in the County of Aberdeen to be entailed in lieu thereof; and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"text": "| {{|Earl Vane's Estate Act 1859|private|2|08-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for authorizing the Trustees of the Settled Estates in Wales of Earl Vane and Countess Vane to raise Five thousand Pounds by Mortgage of the same Estates, and to become Shareholders to the Extent of such Sum in the Newtown and Machynlleth Railway Company, and to sell to the Company Part of the Settled Estates in consideration of a yearly Rentcharge; and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"text": "| {{|Lucette's Estate Act 1859|private|3|08-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for confirming and giving effect to an Agreement for a Lease by the Westminster Improvement Commissioners of Land in Victoria Street and Dean Street in the Cit of Westminster to Alfred Lucette, of which the Short Title is \"Lucette's Estate Act, 1859.\"}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"text": "| {{|Ramsden's Estate (Leasing) Act 1859|private|4|13-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for authorizing Leases of Parts of the Settled Estates, in the Parishes of Huddersfield, Almondbury, and Kirkheaton, in the West Riding of the County of York, of Sir John William Ramsden Baronet, and of which the Short Title is \"Ramsden's Estate (Leasing) Act, 1859.\"|note4=(Repealed by West Yorkshire Act 1980 (c. xiv) }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"text": "| {{|Robins' Estate Act 1859|private|5|13-08-1859|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for effecting a Partition of the Landed Estates of Josiah Robins deceased in and near to Birmingham and elsewhere, and for facilitating the Erection and Endowment of a Church thereon, and for authorizing the Application of Moneys, subject to the Trusts of his Will, towards the Expenses of making Bridges for the Benefit of Parts of his Estates; and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"text": "| {{|William Sandwith's Divorce Act 1859|note1=|private|6|31-05-1859|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to dissolve the Marriage of William Sandwith Esquire with Georgina Mary his now Wife, and to enable him to marry again; and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"text": "| {{|James Dickinson's Divorce Act 1859|note1=|private|7|31-05-1859|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to dissolve the Marriage of James Edward Dickinson, a Surgeon in the Honourable East India Company's Service in the East Indies, with Henrietta Louisa his now Wife, and to enable him to marry again; and for other Purposes therein mentioned.}} }}",
"title": "22 & 23 Vict."
}
] | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1859. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland. For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations. Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896. | 2023-12-07T19:51:53Z | 2023-12-17T09:34:02Z | [
"Template:Cleanup red links",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:British legislation lists",
"Template:Small",
"Template:Efn",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Refend",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Refbegin",
"Template:Incomplete list",
"Template:UK legislation",
"Template:Br"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1859 |
75,509,747 | London Humphreys | London Humphreys is an American football wide receiver who most recently played for the Vanderbilt Commodores.
Humphreys attended Christ Presbyterian Academy in Nashville, Tennessee. While in high school, Humphreys ran track in addition to playing baseball and basketball. It wasn't until his junior year of high school, until Humphreys played his first season of varsity high school football, where he recorded 45 receptions for 1,100 yards and 12 touchdowns. As a senior, he tallied 60 receptions for 1,099 yards and 15 touchdowns. A three-star recruit, he committed to play college football at Vanderbilt University over offers from Memphis, Middle Tennessee State, and Minnesota.
Humphreys received immediate playing time in his freshman year, recording his first career touchdown in the first game of his colligate career. Against Wake Forest, he totaled four receptions for 109 yards and a touchdown, and as a result, he was named the SEC Freshman of the Week. Humphreys finished the season with 439 receiving yards and four touchdowns. On December 4, 2023, Humphreys announced that he would enter the transfer portal. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "London Humphreys is an American football wide receiver who most recently played for the Vanderbilt Commodores.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Humphreys attended Christ Presbyterian Academy in Nashville, Tennessee. While in high school, Humphreys ran track in addition to playing baseball and basketball. It wasn't until his junior year of high school, until Humphreys played his first season of varsity high school football, where he recorded 45 receptions for 1,100 yards and 12 touchdowns. As a senior, he tallied 60 receptions for 1,099 yards and 15 touchdowns. A three-star recruit, he committed to play college football at Vanderbilt University over offers from Memphis, Middle Tennessee State, and Minnesota.",
"title": "High school career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Humphreys received immediate playing time in his freshman year, recording his first career touchdown in the first game of his colligate career. Against Wake Forest, he totaled four receptions for 109 yards and a touchdown, and as a result, he was named the SEC Freshman of the Week. Humphreys finished the season with 439 receiving yards and four touchdowns. On December 4, 2023, Humphreys announced that he would enter the transfer portal.",
"title": "College career"
}
] | London Humphreys is an American football wide receiver who most recently played for the Vanderbilt Commodores. | 2023-12-07T19:52:05Z | 2023-12-19T21:24:27Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use mdy dates",
"Template:Infobox college football player",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Humphreys |
75,509,748 | List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1858 | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1858. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.
For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.
The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3".
Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.
Continuing the second session of the 17th Parliament of the United Kingdom.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Annuity (Lady of Havelock) Act 1858|public|2|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|East India Loans Act 1858|note1=|public|3|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Act 1858|public|4|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Supply Act 1858|public|5|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Supply Act 1858|public|6|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1858|public|7|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1858|note1= or the Inclosures Act 1858|public|8|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mutiny Act 1858|public|9|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1858|note1=|public|10|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Cambridge University Act 1858|note1=|public|11|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Customs Duties Act 1858|note1=or the Customs Act 1858|public|12|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1858|public|13|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Exchequer Bonds Act 1858|public|14|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Excise Act 1858|public|15|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Customs Act 1858|public|16|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Supply Act 1858|public|17|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Chelsea Hospital Act 1858|public|18|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Loan Societies Act 1858|public|19|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stamps Act 1858|public|20|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Chelsea Hospital Purchase Act 1858|note1=|public|21|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Franchise Prisons Abolition Act 1858|public|22|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Portumna Bridge Tolls Act 1858|public|23|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stamps Act 1858|public|24|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Births and Deaths Registration Act 1858|note1=|public|25|14-06-1858|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act concerning Non-parochial Registers, and the Acts for Marriages, and for registering Births, Deaths, and Marriages, in England, and concerning Vaccination.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2004) }}
| {{|Property Qualification for Members of Parliament Act 1858|public|26|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Chancery Amendment Act 1858|note1=or Lord Cairns' Act|public|27|28-06-1858|archived=n|An Act to amend the course of procedure in the High Court of Chancery, the Court of Chancery in Ireland, and the Court of Chancery of the county palatine of Lancaster.}}
| {{|Peace Preservation (Ireland) Act 1858|public|28|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Harvey's Charity, Folkestone Act 1858|public|29|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bristol Charities Act 1858|public|30|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bristol Charities Act 1858|public|31|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Validation of Acts of Late Chief Justice of Bombay Act 1858|public|32|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|County Rates (England) Act 1858|public|33|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Railways (Ireland) Act 1858|public|34|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Portendic and Albreda Convention Act 1858|note1=|public|35|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lands of the Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 Act 1858|public|36|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Hainault Forest (Allotment of Commons) Act 1858|note1=|public|37|03-12-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n||note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}
| {{|Reduction of National Debt Act 1858|public|38|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Ballot Suspension Act 1858|public|39|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|New General Post Office, Edinburgh, Act 1858|note1=|public|40|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Navigations (Ireland) Act 1858|public|41|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Prescription (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|42|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Municipal Franchise Act 1858|public|43|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Universities and College Estates Act 1858|note1=|public|44|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Durham County Palatine Act 1858|public|45|23-07-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Provisions of an Act of the Sixth Year of King William the Fourth, for separating the Palatine Jurisdiction of the County Palatine of Durham from the Bishoprick of Durham; and to make further Provision with respect to the Jura Regalia of the said County.}}
| {{|Confirmation of Certain Marriages Act 1858|public|46|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Law of False Pretences Act 1858|public|47|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Oaths of Allegiance, etc., and Relief of Jews Act 1858|note1=or the Oaths Act 1858|public|48|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Jews Relief Act 1858|note1=or the Jewish Disabilities Act 1858|public|49|23-07-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Relief of Her Majesty’s Subjects professing the Jewish Religion.}}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1858|note1=|public|50|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Roman Catholic Charities Act 1858|public|51|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Inferior Courts Officers (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|52|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Copyhold Commission Act 1858|public|53|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Indemnity Act 1858|public|54|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Army Enlistment Act 1858|public|55|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Confirmation of Executors (Scotland) Act 1858|note1=|public|56|23-07-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Confirmation of Executors in Scotland, and to extend over all parts of the United Kingdom the effect of such Confirmation, and of Grants of Probate and Administration.}}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Leasing Act 1858|note1=|public|57|23-07-1858|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act of the Fifth and Sixth Years of Her present Majesty, for enabling Ecclesiastical Corporations, aggregate and sole, to grant Leases for long Terms of Years.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Measure 2018) }}
| {{|Stanhope and Wolsingham Rectories Act 1858|note1=|public|58|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Church of Ireland Act 1858|public|59|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Joint Stock Companies Amendment Act 1858|note1=or the Joint Stock Companies Act 1858|public|60|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1858|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1858|public|61|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Contagious Diseases of Sheep Act 1858|public|62|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1858|note1=or the Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1858|public|63|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Vaccination (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|64|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Police (Scotland) Act 1858|note1=|public|65|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Chelsea Bridge Act 1858|public|66|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Returns to Secretary of State Act 1858|public|67|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Detached Parts of Counties (England) Act 1858|public|68|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Herring Fisheries (Scotland) Act 1858|note1=|public|69|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Copyright of Designs Act 1858|note1=|public|70|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bishops Trusts Substitution Act 1858|note1=|public|71|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to substitute in certain Cases the Bishop of one Diocese for the Bishop of another as a Trustee of certain Trusts.}}
| {{|Landed Estates Court (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|72|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stipendiary Magistrates Act 1858|note1=|public|73|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|County Courts Act 1858|note1=or the County Court Districts (England) Act 1858|public|74|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Cheap Trains and Canal Carriers Act 1858|note1=|public|75|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Titles to Land (Scotland) Act 1858|note1=|public|76|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Settled Estates Act 1858|public|77|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Parliamentary Witnesses Act 1858|note1=|public|78|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Committees of both Houses of Parliament to administer Oaths to Witnesses in certain Cases.}}
| {{|Drafts on Bankers Act 1858|public|79|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Provisional Order Confirmation Turnpikes Act 1858|public|80|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Cowley's Charity Act 1858|public|81|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Pay Act 1858|public|82|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Universities (Scotland) Act 1858|note1=|public|83|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make Provision for the better Government and Discipline of the Universities of Scotland, and improving and regulating the Course of Study therein; and for the Union of the Two Universities and Colleges of Aberdeen.}}
| {{|Four Courts (Dublin) Extension Act 1858|note1=or the Dublin, Four Courts Act 1858or the Four Courts Extension Act 1858|public|84|02-08-1858|archived=n|An Act for enabling the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland to acquire certain Lands and Houses for the Site of a new Court or Courts, and other Offices and Buildings required for the Public Service, in Extension of the Four Courts in the City of Dublin; and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Militia Act 1858|public|85|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Embodiment Act 1858|public|86|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Corrupt Practices Act 1858|public|87|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Chairman of Quarter Sessions (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|88|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lunatics (Scotland) Act 1858|public|89|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Medical Act 1858|public|90|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to Regulate the Qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery.}}
| {{|Joint Stock Banks Act 1858|public|91|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|County Property Act 1858|note1=|public|92|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Legitimacy Declaration Act 1858|note1=|public|93|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable Persons to establish Legitimacy and the Validity of Marriages, and the Right to be deemed natural-born Subjects.}}
| {{|Copyhold Act 1858|note1=or the Copyholds Act 1858|public|94|02-08-1858|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Copyhold Act 1894) }}
| {{|Court of Probate Act 1858|note1=|public|95|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|West Indian Incumbered Estates Act 1858|note1=|public|96|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Health Act 1858|note1=|public|97|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Local Government Act 1858|note1=|public|98|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|British Columbia Government Act 1858|public|99|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Petty Sessions Clerk (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|100|02-08-1858|archived=n|An Act to regulate the Office of Clerk of Petty Sessions in Ireland.}}
| {{|Friendly Societies Act 1858|public|101|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Works of Utility, etc., Indemnity Act 1858|public|102|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Reformatory Schools (Ireland) Act 1858|public|103|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Metropolis Management Amendment Act 1858|note1=|public|104|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|105|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Government of India Act 1858|public|106|02-08-1858|archived=n|An Act for the better Government of India.}}
| {{|Appropriation Act 1858|public|107|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Matrimonial Causes Act 1858|note1=|public|108|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}
| {{|Cornwall Submarine Mines Act 1858|note1=|public|109|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to declare and define the respective Rights of Her Majesty and of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall to the Mines and Minerals in or under Land lying below High-water Mark, within and adjacent to the County of Cornwall, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Election of Members during Recess Act 1858|note1=|public|110|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Birmingham and Staffordshire Gas (New Capital) Act 1858|local|1|03-12-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Birmingham Corporation (Consolidation) Act 1883 (c.lxx)) }}
| {{|Warrington and Stockport Railway Capital Act 1858|local|150|03-12-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Darley's Estate Act 1858|private|1|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|George Viscount Keith's Estate Act 1858|private|2|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Westminster Palace Hotel Company's Act 1858|private|3|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Fife Estates Improvement Act 1858|private|4|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Holroyd Estate Act 1858|private|5|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Sir Benjamin Hall's Estate Act 1858|private|6|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|James Davidson's Estate Act 1858|private|7|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Glasgow University Estate Act 1858|private|8|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Ray Estate Act 1858|private|9|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stearne's Charities Act 1858|private|10|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Repealing so much of an Act of 1837 (Naturalization of Dame Marie De Dalberg Acton and Sir John Acton) as prevents Sir John Acton from holding certain offices and receiving Crown grants.|note1=|private|11|03-12-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n| }}
}} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1858. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as \"39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67\", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus \"41 Geo. 3\" rather than \"41 Geo. III\"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as \"41 Geo. 3\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Continuing the second session of the 17th Parliament of the United Kingdom.",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Annuity (Lady of Havelock) Act 1858|public|2|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "| {{|East India Loans Act 1858|note1=|public|3|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "| {{|Militia Act 1858|public|4|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1858|public|5|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1858|public|6|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1858|public|7|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1858|note1= or the Inclosures Act 1858|public|8|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "| {{|Mutiny Act 1858|public|9|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1858|note1=|public|10|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "| {{|Cambridge University Act 1858|note1=|public|11|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "| {{|Customs Duties Act 1858|note1=or the Customs Act 1858|public|12|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1858|public|13|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bonds Act 1858|public|14|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "| {{|Excise Act 1858|public|15|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "| {{|Customs Act 1858|public|16|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1858|public|17|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "| {{|Chelsea Hospital Act 1858|public|18|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "| {{|Loan Societies Act 1858|public|19|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "| {{|Stamps Act 1858|public|20|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "| {{|Chelsea Hospital Purchase Act 1858|note1=|public|21|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "| {{|Franchise Prisons Abolition Act 1858|public|22|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "| {{|Portumna Bridge Tolls Act 1858|public|23|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "| {{|Stamps Act 1858|public|24|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "| {{|Births and Deaths Registration Act 1858|note1=|public|25|14-06-1858|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act concerning Non-parochial Registers, and the Acts for Marriages, and for registering Births, Deaths, and Marriages, in England, and concerning Vaccination.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2004) }}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "| {{|Property Qualification for Members of Parliament Act 1858|public|26|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "| {{|Chancery Amendment Act 1858|note1=or Lord Cairns' Act|public|27|28-06-1858|archived=n|An Act to amend the course of procedure in the High Court of Chancery, the Court of Chancery in Ireland, and the Court of Chancery of the county palatine of Lancaster.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "| {{|Peace Preservation (Ireland) Act 1858|public|28|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "| {{|Harvey's Charity, Folkestone Act 1858|public|29|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "| {{|Bristol Charities Act 1858|public|30|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "| {{|Bristol Charities Act 1858|public|31|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "| {{|Validation of Acts of Late Chief Justice of Bombay Act 1858|public|32|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "| {{|County Rates (England) Act 1858|public|33|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "| {{|Railways (Ireland) Act 1858|public|34|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "| {{|Portendic and Albreda Convention Act 1858|note1=|public|35|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "| {{|Lands of the Commissioners for the Exhibition of 1851 Act 1858|public|36|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "| {{|Hainault Forest (Allotment of Commons) Act 1858|note1=|public|37|03-12-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n||note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "| {{|Reduction of National Debt Act 1858|public|38|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "| {{|Militia Ballot Suspension Act 1858|public|39|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "| {{|New General Post Office, Edinburgh, Act 1858|note1=|public|40|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "| {{|Navigations (Ireland) Act 1858|public|41|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "| {{|Prescription (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|42|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "| {{|Municipal Franchise Act 1858|public|43|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "| {{|Universities and College Estates Act 1858|note1=|public|44|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "| {{|Durham County Palatine Act 1858|public|45|23-07-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Provisions of an Act of the Sixth Year of King William the Fourth, for separating the Palatine Jurisdiction of the County Palatine of Durham from the Bishoprick of Durham; and to make further Provision with respect to the Jura Regalia of the said County.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "| {{|Confirmation of Certain Marriages Act 1858|public|46|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "| {{|Law of False Pretences Act 1858|public|47|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "| {{|Oaths of Allegiance, etc., and Relief of Jews Act 1858|note1=or the Oaths Act 1858|public|48|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "| {{|Jews Relief Act 1858|note1=or the Jewish Disabilities Act 1858|public|49|23-07-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Relief of Her Majesty’s Subjects professing the Jewish Religion.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1858|note1=|public|50|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "| {{|Roman Catholic Charities Act 1858|public|51|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "| {{|Inferior Courts Officers (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|52|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "| {{|Copyhold Commission Act 1858|public|53|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "| {{|Indemnity Act 1858|public|54|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"text": "| {{|Army Enlistment Act 1858|public|55|23-07-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"text": "| {{|Confirmation of Executors (Scotland) Act 1858|note1=|public|56|23-07-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to the Confirmation of Executors in Scotland, and to extend over all parts of the United Kingdom the effect of such Confirmation, and of Grants of Probate and Administration.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Leasing Act 1858|note1=|public|57|23-07-1858|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act of the Fifth and Sixth Years of Her present Majesty, for enabling Ecclesiastical Corporations, aggregate and sole, to grant Leases for long Terms of Years.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Measure 2018) }}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"text": "| {{|Stanhope and Wolsingham Rectories Act 1858|note1=|public|58|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"text": "| {{|Church of Ireland Act 1858|public|59|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"text": "| {{|Joint Stock Companies Amendment Act 1858|note1=or the Joint Stock Companies Act 1858|public|60|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"text": "| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1858|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1858|public|61|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"text": "| {{|Contagious Diseases of Sheep Act 1858|public|62|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"text": "| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1858|note1=or the Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1858|public|63|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"text": "| {{|Vaccination (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|64|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"text": "| {{|Police (Scotland) Act 1858|note1=|public|65|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"text": "| {{|Chelsea Bridge Act 1858|public|66|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"text": "| {{|Returns to Secretary of State Act 1858|public|67|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"text": "| {{|Detached Parts of Counties (England) Act 1858|public|68|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"text": "| {{|Herring Fisheries (Scotland) Act 1858|note1=|public|69|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"text": "| {{|Copyright of Designs Act 1858|note1=|public|70|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"text": "| {{|Bishops Trusts Substitution Act 1858|note1=|public|71|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to substitute in certain Cases the Bishop of one Diocese for the Bishop of another as a Trustee of certain Trusts.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"text": "| {{|Landed Estates Court (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|72|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"text": "| {{|Stipendiary Magistrates Act 1858|note1=|public|73|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"text": "| {{|County Courts Act 1858|note1=or the County Court Districts (England) Act 1858|public|74|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"text": "| {{|Cheap Trains and Canal Carriers Act 1858|note1=|public|75|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"text": "| {{|Titles to Land (Scotland) Act 1858|note1=|public|76|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"text": "| {{|Settled Estates Act 1858|public|77|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"text": "| {{|Parliamentary Witnesses Act 1858|note1=|public|78|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Committees of both Houses of Parliament to administer Oaths to Witnesses in certain Cases.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"text": "| {{|Drafts on Bankers Act 1858|public|79|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"text": "| {{|Provisional Order Confirmation Turnpikes Act 1858|public|80|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"text": "| {{|Cowley's Charity Act 1858|public|81|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"text": "| {{|Militia Pay Act 1858|public|82|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"text": "| {{|Universities (Scotland) Act 1858|note1=|public|83|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make Provision for the better Government and Discipline of the Universities of Scotland, and improving and regulating the Course of Study therein; and for the Union of the Two Universities and Colleges of Aberdeen.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"text": "| {{|Four Courts (Dublin) Extension Act 1858|note1=or the Dublin, Four Courts Act 1858or the Four Courts Extension Act 1858|public|84|02-08-1858|archived=n|An Act for enabling the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland to acquire certain Lands and Houses for the Site of a new Court or Courts, and other Offices and Buildings required for the Public Service, in Extension of the Four Courts in the City of Dublin; and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"text": "| {{|Militia Act 1858|public|85|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"text": "| {{|Militia Embodiment Act 1858|public|86|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"text": "| {{|Corrupt Practices Act 1858|public|87|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"text": "| {{|Chairman of Quarter Sessions (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|88|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"text": "| {{|Lunatics (Scotland) Act 1858|public|89|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"text": "| {{|Medical Act 1858|public|90|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to Regulate the Qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"text": "| {{|Joint Stock Banks Act 1858|public|91|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"text": "| {{|County Property Act 1858|note1=|public|92|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"text": "| {{|Legitimacy Declaration Act 1858|note1=|public|93|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable Persons to establish Legitimacy and the Validity of Marriages, and the Right to be deemed natural-born Subjects.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"text": "| {{|Copyhold Act 1858|note1=or the Copyholds Act 1858|public|94|02-08-1858|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Copyhold Act 1894) }}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"text": "| {{|Court of Probate Act 1858|note1=|public|95|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"text": "| {{|West Indian Incumbered Estates Act 1858|note1=|public|96|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Act 1858|note1=|public|97|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"text": "| {{|Local Government Act 1858|note1=|public|98|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"text": "| {{|British Columbia Government Act 1858|public|99|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"text": "| {{|Petty Sessions Clerk (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|100|02-08-1858|archived=n|An Act to regulate the Office of Clerk of Petty Sessions in Ireland.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"text": "| {{|Friendly Societies Act 1858|public|101|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"text": "| {{|Works of Utility, etc., Indemnity Act 1858|public|102|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"text": "| {{|Reformatory Schools (Ireland) Act 1858|public|103|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"text": "| {{|Metropolis Management Amendment Act 1858|note1=|public|104|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"text": "| {{|Judgment Mortgage (Ireland) Act 1858|note1=|public|105|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"text": "| {{|Government of India Act 1858|public|106|02-08-1858|archived=n|An Act for the better Government of India.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"text": "| {{|Appropriation Act 1858|public|107|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"text": "| {{|Matrimonial Causes Act 1858|note1=|public|108|02-08-1858|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"text": "| {{|Cornwall Submarine Mines Act 1858|note1=|public|109|02-08-1858|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to declare and define the respective Rights of Her Majesty and of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales and Duke of Cornwall to the Mines and Minerals in or under Land lying below High-water Mark, within and adjacent to the County of Cornwall, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"text": "| {{|Election of Members during Recess Act 1858|note1=|public|110|03-12-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"text": "}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Birmingham and Staffordshire Gas (New Capital) Act 1858|local|1|03-12-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Birmingham Corporation (Consolidation) Act 1883 (c.lxx)) }}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"text": "| {{|Warrington and Stockport Railway Capital Act 1858|local|150|03-12-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"text": "}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Darley's Estate Act 1858|private|1|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"text": "| {{|George Viscount Keith's Estate Act 1858|private|2|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"text": "| {{|Westminster Palace Hotel Company's Act 1858|private|3|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"text": "| {{|Fife Estates Improvement Act 1858|private|4|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"text": "| {{|Holroyd Estate Act 1858|private|5|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"text": "| {{|Sir Benjamin Hall's Estate Act 1858|private|6|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"text": "| {{|James Davidson's Estate Act 1858|private|7|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"text": "| {{|Glasgow University Estate Act 1858|private|8|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"text": "| {{|Ray Estate Act 1858|private|9|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"text": "| {{|Stearne's Charities Act 1858|private|10|03-12-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"text": "| {{|Repealing so much of an Act of 1837 (Naturalization of Dame Marie De Dalberg Acton and Sir John Acton) as prevents Sir John Acton from holding certain offices and receiving Crown grants.|note1=|private|11|03-12-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n| }}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"text": "}}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
}
] | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1858. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland. For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations. Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896. | 2023-12-07T19:52:10Z | 2023-12-11T09:49:40Z | [
"Template:Efn",
"Template:Br",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:UK legislation",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:British legislation lists",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:For",
"Template:Small",
"Template:Incomplete list",
"Template:Refbegin",
"Template:Refend"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1858 |
75,509,755 | List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1857 | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1857. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.
For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.
The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3".
Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.
The fifth session of the 16th Parliament of the United Kingdom.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Royal Marines Act 1857|note1=|public|1|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|County Police Act 1857|note1=|public|2|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1857|note1=|public|3|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Grant of Military, etc., Commissions Act 1857|public|4|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1857|note1=or the Inclosures Pursuant to Report of Inclosure Commissioners Act 1857|public|5|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Income Tax Act 1857|public|6|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Indemnity Act 1857|public|7|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Copyhold, etc., Commission Act 1857|public|8|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Annuity to Right Honourable Charles Shaw Lefevre Act 1857|public|9|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1857|public|10|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Commissioners of Supply (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|11|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lighting of Towns (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|12|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mutiny Act 1857|public|13|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1857|public|14|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Customs Duties Amendment Act 1857|note1=or the Customs Act 1857|public|15|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Duty on Racehorses Act 1857|public|16|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1857|public|17|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Poor Act 1857|public|18|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Extra-Parochial Places Act 1857|note1=|public|19|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Appropriation Act 1857|public|20|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Cornwall Railway Act 1857|local|1|03-02-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Price's Patent Candle Company's Act 1857|local|2|03-02-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway Act 1857|local|3|03-02-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
}}
The first session of the 17th Parliament of the United Kingdom.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Cinque Ports Act 1857|note1=|public|1|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Annuity, Princess Royal Act 1857|public|2|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Penal Servitude Act 1857|note1=|public|3|26-06-1857|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Years of Her Majesty, to substitute in certain Cases other Punishment in lieu of Transportation.}}
| {{|Supply Act 1857|public|4|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Income Tax Act 1857|public|5|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Court of Exchequer Chamber (Ireland) Act 1857|public|6|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Grand Jury Cess (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|7|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Ministers Money (Ireland) Act 1857|public|8|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Provisional Order Confirmation (Turnpikes) Act 1857|public|9|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Borough of Hanley Act 1857|public|10|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|11|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921) }}
| {{|Sound Dues Redemption Act 1857|public|12|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Workhouse Sites Act 1857|note1=|public|13|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Joint Stock Companies Act 1857|note1=|public|14|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|15|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Turnpikes Abolition Act (Ireland) 1857|note1=or the Turnpikes Abolition (Ireland) Act 1857|public|16|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Constabulary (Ireland) Act 1857|public|17|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bill Chamber Procedure Act 1857|note1=|public|18|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bankruptcy and Real Securities (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|19|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1857|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1857|public|20|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1857|public|21|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act for Aldershot 1857|note1=|public|22|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Works (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|23|10-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland to sell Mill Sites and Water Power, notwithstanding Final Award, in any Drainage or Navigation District.}}
| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1857|note1=or the Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1857|public|24|10-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Oxford University Act 1857|note1=|public|25|10-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to continue the Powers of the Commissioners under an Act of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth years of Her Majesty concerning the University of Oxford and the College of St. Mary Winchester, and further to amend the said Act.}}
| {{|Registration of Leases (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|26|10-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Registration of Long Leases in Scotland, and Assignations thereof.}}
| {{|Caledonian Canal Act 1857|public|27|10-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Land and Assessed Taxes (Scotland) Act 1857|public|28|10-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1857|public|29|10-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Chatham Lands Purchase Act 1857|note1=|public|30|10-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Inclosure Act 1857|note1=|public|31|10-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and explain the Inclosure Acts.}}
| {{|Portland Harbour Waterworks Act 1857|note1=|public|32|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Representative Peers (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|33|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|New Brunswick Boundary Act 1857|note1=|public|34|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|City of London Burial Act 1857|note1=|public|35|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|County Courts Act 1857|public|36|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Civil Service Superannuation Act 1857|public|37|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|General Board of Health Act 1857|public|38|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Colonial Attorneys Relief Act 1857|note1=or the Colonial Attornies Relief Act 1857|public|39|17-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to regulate the Admission of Attornies and Solicitors of Colonial Courts in Her Majesty's Superior Courts of Law and Equity in England in certain Cases.}}
| {{|Illicit Distillation (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|40|17-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to continue and amend an Act of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Years of Her Majesty's Reign, Chapter Eighty-nine, and also the Laws for the Suppression and Prevention of Illicit Distillation in Ireland; and to constitute the Constabulary Force Officers of Customs for certain Purposes.}}
| {{|Loan Societies Act 1857|public|41|17-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Burial Grounds (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|42|17-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Summary Jurisdiction Act 1857|note1=|public|43|17-08-1857|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to improve the Administration of the Law so far as respects summary Proceedings before Justices of the Peace.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1993) }}
| {{|Crown Suits (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|44|17-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to regulate the Institution of Suits at the Instance of the Crown and the Public Departments in the Courts of Scotland.}}
| {{|Boundary Survey (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|45|17-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for defining the Boundaries of certain Denominations of Land in Ireland for public Purposes.}}
| {{|Land Tax Commissioners (Appointment) Act 1857|public|46|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Glebe Lands Leasing Powers (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|47|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Industrial Schools Act 1857|note1=|public|48|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Joint Stock Banking Companies Act 1857|note1=or the Joint Banking Companies Act 1857|public|49|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Municipal Corporations Act 1857|public|50|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|New Zealand Loan Guarantee Act 1857|note1=|public|51|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|New Zealand Company's Claims Act 1857|note1=|public|52|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|New Zealand Constitution (Amendment) Act 1857|note1=|public|53|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Punishment of Frauds Act 1857|public|54|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Reformatory Schools (England) Act 1857|public|55|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Court of Session Act 1857|note1=|public|56|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Married Women's Reversionary Interests Act 1857|note1=|public|57|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lands Valuation (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|58|25-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act Seventeenth and Eighteenth of Victoria for the Valuation of Lands in Scotland.}}
| {{|Parochial Schoolmasters (Scotland) Act 1857|public|59|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Irish Bankrupt and Insolvent Act 1857|note1=or the Bankrupt and Insolvent Act 1857|public|60|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Customs and Excise Duties Act 1857|note1=or the Customs and Excise Act 1857|public|61|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Customs Amendment Act 1857|note1= or the Customs Act 1857|public|62|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Dunbar Harbour Loan Act 1857|note1=|public|63|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Metropolitan Police Act 1857|note1=|public|64|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Pay Act 1857|public|65|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mutiny, etc., East Indies Act 1857|public|66|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Pimlico Improvement Act 1857|note1=|public|67|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Dublin Revising Barristers Act 1857|note1=|public|68|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Appropriation Act 1857|public|69|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Boundaries of Burghs Extension (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|70|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1857|public|71|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Police (Scotland) Act 1857|public|72|25-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to render more effectual the Police in Counties and Burghs in Scotland.}}
| {{|Smoke Nuisance (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|73|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Episcopal and Capitular Estates Act 1857|public|74|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Jurisdiction in Siam Act 1857|public|75|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Roman Catholic Charities Act 1857|public|76|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Court of Probate Act 1857|public|77|25-08-1857|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to Probates and Letters of Administration in England.|note4=(Repealed by Supreme Court Act 1981) }}
| {{|Joint Stock Companies Winding-up Amendment Act 1857|note1=|public|78|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Probates and Letters of Administration Act (Ireland) 1857|note1=or the Probates and Letters of Administration (Ireland) Act 1857|public|79|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Joint Stock Companies Act Amendment Act 1857|note1=or the Joint Stock Companies Act 1856: Amendment Act 1857|public|80|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Burial Act 1857|public|81|25-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Burial Acts.}}
| {{|Militia Embodiment Act 1857|public|82|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}
| {{|Obscene Publications Act 1857|note1= or Lord Campbell's Actor Campbell's Act|public|83|25-08-1857|archived=n|An Act for more effectually preventing the Sale of Obscene Books, Pictures, Prints, and other Articles.}}
| {{|Dulwich College Act 1857|public|84|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Matrimonial Causes Act 1857|public|85|28-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to Divorce and Matrimonial Causes in England.}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Great Southern and Western Railway (Capital) Act 1857|local|1|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mersey Docks and Harbour Act 1857|local|162|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
}}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Scotscraig Estate Act 1857|private|1|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Fleming's Estate Act 1857|private|2|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Hereford Cathedral Restoration Act 1857|private|3|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bridgewater Trustees Act 1857|private|4|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lord Rivers' Estate Act 1857|private|5|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Carew's Estate Act 1857|private|6|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Baroness Windsor's Estate Act 1857|private|7|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Authorizing Maria Gaspara, Princess Giustiniani to take the proper oath before a member of His Majesty's Legation at the Court of Tuscany and give her written consent to the passing of her naturalization Bill.|note1=|private|8|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Edward Ley's divorce from Rosanna Ley, and other provisions.|note1=|private|9|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Alexander Campbell's divorce from Maria Campbell, and other provisions.|note1=|private|10|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Henry Smith's divorce from Julia Smith, and other provisions.|note1=|private|11|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Enabling Robert Shepherd to exercise the office of a priest and hold any benefice or preferment in the Church of England and Ireland.|note1=|private|12|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|William Baring's divorce from Emily Baring, and other provisions.|note1=|private|13|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Naturalization of Maria Gaspara, Princess Giustiniani and Sigismund, Marquess Bandini.|note1=|private|14|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Robert Keays' divorce from Maria Keays, and other provisions.|note1=|private|15|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
}}
The second session of the 17th Parliament of the United Kingdom.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Bank Issues Indemnity Act 1857|note1=|public|1|12-12-1857|archived=n|An Act to indemnify the Governor and Company of the Bank of England in respect of certain Issues of their Notes, and to confirm each Issue, and to authorize further Issues for a Time to be limited.}} }} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1857. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as \"39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67\", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus \"41 Geo. 3\" rather than \"41 Geo. III\"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as \"41 Geo. 3\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The fifth session of the 16th Parliament of the United Kingdom.",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Royal Marines Act 1857|note1=|public|1|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "| {{|County Police Act 1857|note1=|public|2|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1857|note1=|public|3|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "| {{|Grant of Military, etc., Commissions Act 1857|public|4|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1857|note1=or the Inclosures Pursuant to Report of Inclosure Commissioners Act 1857|public|5|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "| {{|Income Tax Act 1857|public|6|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "| {{|Indemnity Act 1857|public|7|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "| {{|Copyhold, etc., Commission Act 1857|public|8|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "| {{|Annuity to Right Honourable Charles Shaw Lefevre Act 1857|public|9|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "| {{|Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Act 1857|public|10|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "| {{|Commissioners of Supply (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|11|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "| {{|Lighting of Towns (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|12|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "| {{|Mutiny Act 1857|public|13|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1857|public|14|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "| {{|Customs Duties Amendment Act 1857|note1=or the Customs Act 1857|public|15|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "| {{|Duty on Racehorses Act 1857|public|16|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1857|public|17|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "| {{|Poor Act 1857|public|18|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "| {{|Extra-Parochial Places Act 1857|note1=|public|19|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "| {{|Appropriation Act 1857|public|20|03-02-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Cornwall Railway Act 1857|local|1|03-02-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "| {{|Price's Patent Candle Company's Act 1857|local|2|03-02-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "| {{|Whitehaven, Cleator and Egremont Railway Act 1857|local|3|03-02-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "}}",
"title": "20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "The first session of the 17th Parliament of the United Kingdom.",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Cinque Ports Act 1857|note1=|public|1|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "| {{|Annuity, Princess Royal Act 1857|public|2|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "| {{|Penal Servitude Act 1857|note1=|public|3|26-06-1857|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Years of Her Majesty, to substitute in certain Cases other Punishment in lieu of Transportation.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1857|public|4|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "| {{|Income Tax Act 1857|public|5|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "| {{|Court of Exchequer Chamber (Ireland) Act 1857|public|6|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "| {{|Grand Jury Cess (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|7|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "| {{|Ministers Money (Ireland) Act 1857|public|8|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "| {{|Provisional Order Confirmation (Turnpikes) Act 1857|public|9|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "| {{|Borough of Hanley Act 1857|public|10|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "| {{|Militia (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|11|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Territorial Army and Militia Act 1921) }}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "| {{|Sound Dues Redemption Act 1857|public|12|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "| {{|Workhouse Sites Act 1857|note1=|public|13|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "| {{|Joint Stock Companies Act 1857|note1=|public|14|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "| {{|Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|15|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "| {{|Turnpikes Abolition Act (Ireland) 1857|note1=or the Turnpikes Abolition (Ireland) Act 1857|public|16|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "| {{|Constabulary (Ireland) Act 1857|public|17|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "| {{|Bill Chamber Procedure Act 1857|note1=|public|18|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "| {{|Bankruptcy and Real Securities (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|19|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1857|note1=or the Inclosures Act 1857|public|20|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1857|public|21|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act for Aldershot 1857|note1=|public|22|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "| {{|Public Works (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|23|10-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Commissioners of Public Works in Ireland to sell Mill Sites and Water Power, notwithstanding Final Award, in any Drainage or Navigation District.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1857|note1=or the Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1857|public|24|10-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "| {{|Oxford University Act 1857|note1=|public|25|10-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to continue the Powers of the Commissioners under an Act of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth years of Her Majesty concerning the University of Oxford and the College of St. Mary Winchester, and further to amend the said Act.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "| {{|Registration of Leases (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|26|10-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Registration of Long Leases in Scotland, and Assignations thereof.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "| {{|Caledonian Canal Act 1857|public|27|10-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"text": "| {{|Land and Assessed Taxes (Scotland) Act 1857|public|28|10-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"text": "| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1857|public|29|10-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"text": "| {{|Chatham Lands Purchase Act 1857|note1=|public|30|10-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"text": "| {{|Inclosure Act 1857|note1=|public|31|10-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and explain the Inclosure Acts.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"text": "| {{|Portland Harbour Waterworks Act 1857|note1=|public|32|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"text": "| {{|Representative Peers (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|33|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"text": "| {{|New Brunswick Boundary Act 1857|note1=|public|34|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"text": "| {{|City of London Burial Act 1857|note1=|public|35|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"text": "| {{|County Courts Act 1857|public|36|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"text": "| {{|Civil Service Superannuation Act 1857|public|37|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"text": "| {{|General Board of Health Act 1857|public|38|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"text": "| {{|Colonial Attorneys Relief Act 1857|note1=or the Colonial Attornies Relief Act 1857|public|39|17-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to regulate the Admission of Attornies and Solicitors of Colonial Courts in Her Majesty's Superior Courts of Law and Equity in England in certain Cases.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"text": "| {{|Illicit Distillation (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|40|17-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to continue and amend an Act of the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Years of Her Majesty's Reign, Chapter Eighty-nine, and also the Laws for the Suppression and Prevention of Illicit Distillation in Ireland; and to constitute the Constabulary Force Officers of Customs for certain Purposes.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"text": "| {{|Loan Societies Act 1857|public|41|17-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"text": "| {{|Burial Grounds (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|42|17-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"text": "| {{|Summary Jurisdiction Act 1857|note1=|public|43|17-08-1857|maintained=y|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to improve the Administration of the Law so far as respects summary Proceedings before Justices of the Peace.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1993) }}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"text": "| {{|Crown Suits (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|44|17-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to regulate the Institution of Suits at the Instance of the Crown and the Public Departments in the Courts of Scotland.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"text": "| {{|Boundary Survey (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|45|17-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for defining the Boundaries of certain Denominations of Land in Ireland for public Purposes.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"text": "| {{|Land Tax Commissioners (Appointment) Act 1857|public|46|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"text": "| {{|Glebe Lands Leasing Powers (Ireland) Act 1857|note1=|public|47|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"text": "| {{|Industrial Schools Act 1857|note1=|public|48|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"text": "| {{|Joint Stock Banking Companies Act 1857|note1=or the Joint Banking Companies Act 1857|public|49|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"text": "| {{|Municipal Corporations Act 1857|public|50|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"text": "| {{|New Zealand Loan Guarantee Act 1857|note1=|public|51|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"text": "| {{|New Zealand Company's Claims Act 1857|note1=|public|52|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"text": "| {{|New Zealand Constitution (Amendment) Act 1857|note1=|public|53|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"text": "| {{|Punishment of Frauds Act 1857|public|54|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"text": "| {{|Reformatory Schools (England) Act 1857|public|55|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"text": "| {{|Court of Session Act 1857|note1=|public|56|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"text": "| {{|Married Women's Reversionary Interests Act 1857|note1=|public|57|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"text": "| {{|Lands Valuation (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|58|25-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Act Seventeenth and Eighteenth of Victoria for the Valuation of Lands in Scotland.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"text": "| {{|Parochial Schoolmasters (Scotland) Act 1857|public|59|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"text": "| {{|Irish Bankrupt and Insolvent Act 1857|note1=or the Bankrupt and Insolvent Act 1857|public|60|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"text": "| {{|Customs and Excise Duties Act 1857|note1=or the Customs and Excise Act 1857|public|61|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"text": "| {{|Customs Amendment Act 1857|note1= or the Customs Act 1857|public|62|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"text": "| {{|Dunbar Harbour Loan Act 1857|note1=|public|63|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"text": "| {{|Metropolitan Police Act 1857|note1=|public|64|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"text": "| {{|Militia Pay Act 1857|public|65|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"text": "| {{|Mutiny, etc., East Indies Act 1857|public|66|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"text": "| {{|Pimlico Improvement Act 1857|note1=|public|67|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"text": "| {{|Dublin Revising Barristers Act 1857|note1=|public|68|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"text": "| {{|Appropriation Act 1857|public|69|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"text": "| {{|Boundaries of Burghs Extension (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|70|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"text": "| {{|Lunacy (Scotland) Act 1857|public|71|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"text": "| {{|Police (Scotland) Act 1857|public|72|25-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to render more effectual the Police in Counties and Burghs in Scotland.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"text": "| {{|Smoke Nuisance (Scotland) Act 1857|note1=|public|73|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"text": "| {{|Episcopal and Capitular Estates Act 1857|public|74|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"text": "| {{|Jurisdiction in Siam Act 1857|public|75|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"text": "| {{|Roman Catholic Charities Act 1857|public|76|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"text": "| {{|Court of Probate Act 1857|public|77|25-08-1857|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to Probates and Letters of Administration in England.|note4=(Repealed by Supreme Court Act 1981) }}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"text": "| {{|Joint Stock Companies Winding-up Amendment Act 1857|note1=|public|78|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"text": "| {{|Probates and Letters of Administration Act (Ireland) 1857|note1=or the Probates and Letters of Administration (Ireland) Act 1857|public|79|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"text": "| {{|Joint Stock Companies Act Amendment Act 1857|note1=or the Joint Stock Companies Act 1856: Amendment Act 1857|public|80|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"text": "| {{|Burial Act 1857|public|81|25-08-1857|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Burial Acts.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"text": "| {{|Militia Embodiment Act 1857|public|82|25-08-1857|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"text": "| {{|Obscene Publications Act 1857|note1= or Lord Campbell's Actor Campbell's Act|public|83|25-08-1857|archived=n|An Act for more effectually preventing the Sale of Obscene Books, Pictures, Prints, and other Articles.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"text": "| {{|Dulwich College Act 1857|public|84|30-04-1857|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"text": "| {{|Matrimonial Causes Act 1857|public|85|28-08-1857|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law relating to Divorce and Matrimonial Causes in England.}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"text": "}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Great Southern and Western Railway (Capital) Act 1857|local|1|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"text": "| {{|Mersey Docks and Harbour Act 1857|local|162|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"text": "}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Scotscraig Estate Act 1857|private|1|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"text": "| {{|Fleming's Estate Act 1857|private|2|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"text": "| {{|Hereford Cathedral Restoration Act 1857|private|3|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"text": "| {{|Bridgewater Trustees Act 1857|private|4|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"text": "| {{|Lord Rivers' Estate Act 1857|private|5|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"text": "| {{|Carew's Estate Act 1857|private|6|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"text": "| {{|Baroness Windsor's Estate Act 1857|private|7|30-04-1857|note3=|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"text": "| {{|Authorizing Maria Gaspara, Princess Giustiniani to take the proper oath before a member of His Majesty's Legation at the Court of Tuscany and give her written consent to the passing of her naturalization Bill.|note1=|private|8|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"text": "| {{|Edward Ley's divorce from Rosanna Ley, and other provisions.|note1=|private|9|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"text": "| {{|Alexander Campbell's divorce from Maria Campbell, and other provisions.|note1=|private|10|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"text": "| {{|Henry Smith's divorce from Julia Smith, and other provisions.|note1=|private|11|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"text": "| {{|Enabling Robert Shepherd to exercise the office of a priest and hold any benefice or preferment in the Church of England and Ireland.|note1=|private|12|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"text": "| {{|William Baring's divorce from Emily Baring, and other provisions.|note1=|private|13|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"text": "| {{|Naturalization of Maria Gaspara, Princess Giustiniani and Sigismund, Marquess Bandini.|note1=|private|14|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"text": "| {{|Robert Keays' divorce from Maria Keays, and other provisions.|note1=|private|15|30-04-1857|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"text": "}}",
"title": "20 & 21 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"text": "The second session of the 17th Parliament of the United Kingdom.",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Bank Issues Indemnity Act 1857|note1=|public|1|12-12-1857|archived=n|An Act to indemnify the Governor and Company of the Bank of England in respect of certain Issues of their Notes, and to confirm each Issue, and to authorize further Issues for a Time to be limited.}} }}",
"title": "21 & 22 Vict."
}
] | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1857. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland. For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations. Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896. | 2023-12-07T19:53:46Z | 2023-12-11T09:49:25Z | [
"Template:Efn",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:UK legislation",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Refbegin",
"Template:Small",
"Template:British legislation lists",
"Template:Br",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Refend",
"Template:Sic",
"Template:Incomplete list"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1857 |
75,509,761 | Faction46 | Faction46 is an American stock car racing team that is scheduled to compete in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series starting in 2024. The team was founded in 2023 by Lane and Logan Moore, and they will field the No. 46 Chevrolet Silverado full-time for Thad Moffitt. The team will have a technical alliance with Niece Motorsports, who will operate from their race shop in Salisbury, North Carolina.
On December 7, 2023, a new team called Faction46 announced their intentions of fielding an entry in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series in 2024. That same day, co-owner Lane Moore was interviewed by NASCAR YouTuber Eric Estepp, and provided more details about the team's plans for 2024. The team will run Chevrolets in 2024, and will operate from the Niece Motorsports shop, whom they will also have a technical alliance with.
The team is scheduled to run the No. 46 truck full-time in the 2024 season. According to co-owner Lane Moore, the driver of the 46 truck will be announced later in the week. The sponsor and crew chief of the truck will be announced at a later date. On December 9, 2023, the team announced Thad Moffitt as the driver of the 46 truck for the 2024 season, with Doug George serving as the crew chief.
Official website | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Faction46 is an American stock car racing team that is scheduled to compete in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series starting in 2024. The team was founded in 2023 by Lane and Logan Moore, and they will field the No. 46 Chevrolet Silverado full-time for Thad Moffitt. The team will have a technical alliance with Niece Motorsports, who will operate from their race shop in Salisbury, North Carolina.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On December 7, 2023, a new team called Faction46 announced their intentions of fielding an entry in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series in 2024. That same day, co-owner Lane Moore was interviewed by NASCAR YouTuber Eric Estepp, and provided more details about the team's plans for 2024. The team will run Chevrolets in 2024, and will operate from the Niece Motorsports shop, whom they will also have a technical alliance with.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The team is scheduled to run the No. 46 truck full-time in the 2024 season. According to co-owner Lane Moore, the driver of the 46 truck will be announced later in the week. The sponsor and crew chief of the truck will be announced at a later date. On December 9, 2023, the team announced Thad Moffitt as the driver of the 46 truck for the 2024 season, with Doug George serving as the crew chief.",
"title": "Craftsman Truck Series"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Official website",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Faction46 is an American stock car racing team that is scheduled to compete in the NASCAR Craftsman Truck Series starting in 2024. The team was founded in 2023 by Lane and Logan Moore, and they will field the No. 46 Chevrolet Silverado full-time for Thad Moffitt. The team will have a technical alliance with Niece Motorsports, who will operate from their race shop in Salisbury, North Carolina. | 2023-12-07T19:54:18Z | 2023-12-29T23:51:21Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox NASCAR team",
"Template:Niece Motorsports",
"Template:Chevrolet in NASCAR",
"Template:Refimprove",
"Template:Tooltip",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Official website",
"Template:Faction46",
"Template:NASCAR Truck Series teams"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faction46 |
75,509,766 | List of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1856 | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1856. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.
For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.
The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus "41 Geo. 3" rather than "41 Geo. III"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3".
Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.
The fourth session of the 16th Parliament of the United Kingdom, which met from 31 January 1856 until 29 July 1856.
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|House of Commons Offices Act 1856|note1=|public|1|28-02-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to regulate certain Offices of the House of Commons.}}
| {{|Metropolitan Police Act 1856|public|2|28-02-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts relating to the Metropolitan Police.}}
| {{|Joint Stock Banks (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|3|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Supply Act 1856|public|4|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|National Debt Act 1856|public|5|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|National Debt Act 1856|public|6|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Supply Act 1856|public|7|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1856|public|8|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Money Drainage Act 1856|note1=|public|9|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mutiny Act 1856|public|10|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|An Act for punishing Mutiny and Desertion, and for the better Payment of the Army and their Quarters.}}
| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1856|note1=|public|11|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Turnpike Trusts Act 1856|public|12|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders made under an Act of the Fifteenth Year of Her present Majesty, to facilitate Arrangements for the Relief of Turnpike Trusts.}}
| {{|Delamere Forest Act 1856|public|13|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to make Provision for the Management of certain Lands belonging to Her Majesty within the former Limits of the late Forest of Delamere in the County of Chester.|note4=(Repealed by Crown Estate Act 1961) }}
| {{|Poor Law Commissioners (Ireland) Act 1856|public|14|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Out-pensioners of Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals Act 1856|public|15|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Central Criminal Court Act 1856|note1=or the Trial of Offences Act 1856or Palmer's Act|public|16|11-04-1856|archived=n|An Act to empower the Court of Queen's Bench to order certain Offenders to be tried at the Central Criminal Court.}}
| {{|Public Works Act 1856|public|17|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Works (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|18|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|An Act to authorize for a further Period the Application of Money for the Purposes of Loans for carrying on Public Works in Ireland.}}
| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1856|public|19|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bankers' Compositions Act 1856|note1=or the Bankers' Composition Act 1856|public|20|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|National Debt Act 1856|public|21|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stamps Act 1856|public|22|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Canada Company's Amendment Act 1856|note1=|public|23|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|An Act for granting certain additional Powers and Authorities to the Canada Company.}}
| {{|Juvenile Convict Prisons Act 1856|note1=or the Juvenile Convict Prison (Ireland) Act 1856|public|24|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Drafts on Bankers Act 1856|public|25|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1856|note1=|public|26|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Pawnbrokers Act 1856|public|27|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Reformatory Schools (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|28|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|National Gallery Act 1856|public|29|23-06-1856|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Powers of the Trustees and Director of the National Gallery, and to authorize the Sale of Works of Art belonging to the Public.|note4=(Repealed by Museums and Galleries Act 1992) }}
| {{|Annuity to Sir W. F. Williams Act 1856|public|30|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Oxford University Act 1856|public|31|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Whichwood Disafforesting Amendment Act 1856|note1=or the Whichwood Disafforesting Act 1856|public|32|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Whichwood Disafforesting Act, 1853.|note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}
| {{|Income Tax Act 1856|public|33|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Excise Duties Act 1856|public|34|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|West India Relief Commissioners Act 1856|public|35|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Peace Preservation, Ireland, Act 1856|note1=|public|36|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Transfer of Works (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|37|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Factory Act 1856|note1=|public|38|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the further Amendment of the Laws relating to Labour in Factories.|note4=(Repealed by Factory and Workshop Act 1878) }}
| {{|Sardinian Loan Act 1856|note1=|public|39|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1856|public|40|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Seamen's Savings Bank Act 1856|public|41|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Poor Rates Act 1856|public|42|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Hereditary Revenues Act 1856|note1=|public|43|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to authorise issues out of the Consolidated Fund for the redemption of certain Annuities charged on branches of the gross revenue.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1989) }}
| {{|Exchequer Bills and Bonds Act 1856|public|44|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|St. Mary Magdalen Hospital, Bath Act 1856|public|45|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Imprisonment (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|46|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Joint Stock Companies Act 1856|public|47|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Incorporation and Regulation of Joint Stock Companies and other Associations.|note4=(Repealed by Companies Act 1862) }}
| {{|Justices (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|48|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1856|note1=or the Turnpike Acts, Great Britain Act 1856|public|49|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Sale of Advowsons Act 1856|note1=|public|50|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Use of Rice in Distillation Act 1856|public|51|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1856|public|52|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}
| {{|Moulton Endowed School Act 1856|public|53|14-07-1856|archived=n|An Act for confirming a Scheme of the Charity Commissioners for the Endowed School at Moulton in the County of Lincoln.}}
| {{|Grand Juries Act 1856|note1=|public|54|14-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to facilitate the Despatch of Business before Grand Juries in England and Wales.}}
| {{|Church Building Commissioners (Transfer of Powers) Act 1856|note1=|public|55|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act for transferring the Powers of the Church Building Commissioners to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England.}}
| {{|Exchequer Court (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|56|21-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to constitute the Court of Session the Court of Exchequer in Scotland, and to regulate Procedure in Matters connected with the Exchequer.}}
| {{|Manor Court of St. Sepulchre Abolition Act 1856|note1=|public|57|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to abolish the Jurisdiction of the Court of the Liberties and Manor of Saint Sepulchre in and near Dublin, and for the future Regulation of certain Markets of the said Manor.}}
| {{|Burgh Voters Registration (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|58|21-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Revenue (Transfer of Charges) Act 1856|note1=|public|59|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to alter the Mode of providing for certain Expenses now charged upon certain Parts of the Public Revenue.}}
| {{|Mercantile Law Amendment Act (Scotland) 1856|note1=or the Mercantile Law Amendment Act Scotland 1856|public|60|21-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws of Scotland affecting Trade and Commerce.}}
| {{|Survey Act 1856|public|61|21-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Drainage (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|62|21-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|63|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts relating to Grand Juries in Ireland.}}
| {{|Repeal of Obsolete Statutes Act 1856|public|64|21-07-1856|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to repeal certain Statutes which are not in use.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}
| {{|Cottier Tenant (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|65|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to encourage the providing of improved Dwellings for the Labouring Classes in Ireland. }}
| {{|Rights of Way Near Aldershot Camp Act 1856|public|66|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to extinguish certain Rights of Way and to stop up certain Roads and Paths near the Camp at Aldershot.}}
| {{|Incumbered Estates (Ireland) Act 1856|public|67|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to extend the Period for applying for a Sale under the Acts for facilitating the Sale and Transfer Act of Incumbered Estates in Ireland, and to amend the said Acts.}}
| {{|Prisons (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|68|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to further amend the Laws relating to Prisons in Ireland.}}
| {{|County and Borough Police Act 1856|public|69|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to render more effectual the Police in Counties and Boroughs in England and Wales.}}
| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1856|public|70|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to render valid certain Marriages in the Church at Coatham in the Parish of Kirk Leatham in the County of York.}}
| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts (Ireland) Continuance Act 1856|note1=|public|71|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Railways (Ireland) Act 1856|public|72|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Indemnity Act 1856|public|73|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Episcopal, etc., Estates Management Act 1856|public|74|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Customs Act 1856|public|75|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Roman Catholic Charities Act 1856|public|76|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Chancery Receivers (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|77|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law and Practice of the Court of Chancery in Ireland in relation to the Appointment of Receivers over Real Estate, and to expedite the Sale of Estates in the said Court.}}
| {{|Unlawful Oaths (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=or the Unlawful Oaths Amendment Continuance Act 1856|public|78|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|79|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Taxes Act 1856|note1=|public|80|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stamps Act 1856|public|81|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Duty on Racehorses Act 1856|public|82|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Coast-guard Service Act 1856|note1=or the Coastguard Service Act 1856|public|83|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to provide for the better Defence of the Coasts of the Realm, and the more ready Manning of the Navy, and to transfer to the Admiralty the Government of the Coast Guard.}}
| {{|Corrupt Practices Act 1856|public|84|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|General Board of Health Act 1856|public|85|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Cursitor Baron of the Exchequer Act 1856|public|86|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lunatic Asylums Act 1856|public|87|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Cambridge University Act 1856|public|88|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for the good Government and Extension of the University of Cambridge, of the Colleges therein, and of the College of King Henry the Sixth at Eton.}}
| {{|Form of Deeds (Scotland) Act 1856|public|89|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Militia Pay Act 1856|public|90|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Debts Securities (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|91|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and re-enact certain Provisions of an Act of the Fifty-fourth Year of King George the Third, relating to Judicial Procedure and Securities for Debts in Scotland.}}
| {{|Chancery Appeal Court (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|92|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Commissioners of Supply (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|93|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Administration of Intestates' Estates Act 1856|public|94|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Oxford Colleges, etc., Estates Act 1856|public|95|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Marriage (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|96|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mercantile Law Amendment Act 1856|note1=|public|97|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws of England and Ireland affecting Trade and Commerce.}}
| {{|Burial Grounds (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|98|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lunatic Asylums, Superannuations, Ireland, Act 1856|note1=|public|99|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Joint Stock Banks Act 1856|note1=|public|100|29-07-1856|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the law with respect to the election of directors of joint stock banks in England.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1973) }}
| {{|Contagious Diseases, Animals Act 1856|public|101|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Common Law Procedure Amendment Act (Ireland) 1856|note1=or the Common Law Procedure Amendment (Ireland) Act 1856|public|102|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to further amend the Procedure in and to enlarge the Jurisdiction of the Superior Courts of Common Law in Ireland.}}
| {{|Nuisances Removal (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|103|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|New Parishes Act 1856|note1=|public|104|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Appropriation Act 1856|public|105|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1856|note1=|public|106|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Smoke Abatement, London Act 1856|public|107|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|County Courts Act 1856|note1=|public|108|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Reformatory, etc., Schools Act 1856|public|109|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Dublin Hospitals Regulation Act 1856|note1=or the Dublin Hospitals Act 1856|public|110|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act for the better Regulation of the House of Industry Hospitals and other Hospitals in Dublin supported wholly or in part by Parliamentary Grants.}}
| {{|Stoke Poges Hospital Act 1856|public|111|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Metropolis Management Amendment Act 1856|note1=|public|112|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Foreign Tribunals Evidence Act 1856|note1=|public|113|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to provide for taking Evidence in Her Majesty’s Dominions in relation to Civil and Commercial Matters pending before Foreign Tribunals.}}
| {{|Hay and Straw Act 1856|note1=|public|114|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bishops of London and Durham Act 1856|public|115|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Education Department Act 1856|note1=|public|116|29-07-1856|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Appointment of a Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education.|note4=(Repealed by Board of Education Act 1899) }}
| {{|Poor Law (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|117|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Criminal Justice Act 1856|note1=|public|118|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}
| {{|Marriage and Registration Act 1856|note1=|public|119|29-07-1856|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Provisions of the Marriage and Registration Acts.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2004) }}
| {{|Settled Estates Act 1856|public|120|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to facilitate Leases and Sales of Settled Estates.}} }}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|London Docks Act 1856|note1=|local|1|29-04-1856|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the London Dock Company to raise a further Sum of Money.|note4=(Repealed by London and St. Katharine's Docks Act 1864 (27 & 28 Vict. c. clxxviii)) }}
| {{|Knottingley Gas Act 1856|local|2|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for supplying with Gas the Townships of Knottingley and Ferrybridge in the West Hiding of the County of York.|note4=(Repealed by West Yorkshire Act 1980) }}
| {{|Colonial Bank Act 1856|local|3|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Period limited for the Exercise of the Powers of the Colonial Bank; and for other Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by Colonial Bank Act 1925) }}
| {{|Weymouth Gas Act 1856|local|4|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for lighting with Gas the Borough of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, and its Neighbourhood, in the County of Dorset; and for other Purposes. }}
| {{|Chorley Waterworks Transfer Act 1856|local|5|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for vesting in the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of the Borough of Liverpool the Undertaking of the Chorley Waterworks Company, and for other Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by County of Lancashire Act 1984) }}
| {{|Lancaster Gas Company's Act 1856|local|6|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for incorporating the Lancaster Gaslight Company, and extending their Powers, and for authorizing additional Works, and the raising of further Monies; and for other Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by County of Lancashire Act 1984) }}
| {{|Haslingden and Rawtenstall Waterworks Act 1856|local|7|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Haslingden and Rawtenstall Waterworks Company to raise a further Sum of Money, and for other Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by Bury and District Joint Water Board Act 1903 (c.ccxxxiv)) }}
| {{|Southport Waterworks Act 1856|local|8|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Southport Waterworks Company to raise a further Sum of Money, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Gainsborough Gas Act 1856|local|9|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the better supplying with Gas the Parish of Gainsborough in Lincolnshire.|note4=(Repealed by Gainsborough Urban District Council Gas Act 1899 (62 & 63 Vict. c. lxxiv)) }}
| {{|Lambeth Waterworks Act 1856|local|10|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for enabling the Company of Proprietors of Lambeth Waterworks to raise further Money, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Dundee Harbour Act 1856|local|11|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for effecting certain Alterations in the Works of the Tidal Harbour of Victoria Dock at Dundee, and for other Purposes in relation to the Harbour of Dundee.|note4=(Repealed by Dundee Harbour Consolidation Act 1875 (c.cl)) }}
| {{|Lincoln Waterworks Act 1856|local|12|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Lincoln Waterworks Company to raise a further Sum of Money.}}
| {{|Heywood Gas Amendment Act 1856|local|13|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for granting further Powers to the Heywood Gaslight and Coke Company.}}
| {{|Milford Railway Act 1856|local|14|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the incorporating of the Milford Railway Company and for the making of the Milford Railway in the County of Pembroke.}}
| {{|London, Tilbury and Southend Railway Amendment Act 1856|local|15|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Eastern Counties and London and Blackball Railway Companies to raise a further Sum of Money for the Purposes of the London, Tilbury, and Southend Extension Railway; to amend the Acts relating to such Undertaking; and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|East Somerset Railway Act 1856|local|16|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for making a Railway from the Wilts, Somerset, and Weymouth Railway, near Frome, to Shepton Mallett in the County of Somerset.}}
| {{|Cambridge Award Act 1856|note1=|local|17|05-06-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to confirm an Award for the Settlement of Matters in difference between the University and Borough of Cambridge, and for other Purposes connected therewith.}}
| {{|Ulster, Portadown and Dungannon Railways Act 1856|local|18|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Ulster Railway Company to subscribe towards the Undertaking of the Portadown and Dungannon Railway Company, and to authorize certain Arrangements between the said Companies, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Filey Waterworks Act 1856|local|19|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for supplying with Water the Town of Filey and the Environs and Neighbourhood thereof, and other Places in the East and North Ridings of the County of York, and for authorizing the Purchase of the Filey Gasworks, and for supplying the said Town with Gas; and for other Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by Filey Waterworks Act 1898 (c.ccxxx)) }}
| {{|Wakefield Gas Act 1856|local|20|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to empower the Wakefield Gaslight Company to raise a further Sum of Money.|note4=(Repealed by West Yorkshire Act 1980 (c.xiv)) }}
| {{|Worksop Gas Act 1856|local|21|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for incorporating the Worksop Gas Company.}}
| {{|Llanidloes and Newtown Railway Deviation Act 1856|local|22|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and extend the Provisions of "The Llanidloes and Newtown Railway Act, 1863;" and to enable the Llanidloes and Newtown Railway Company to make certain Deviations in their authorized Line and Levels, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Boston Gas Amendment Act 1856|local|23|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to confer further Powers on the Boston Gaslight and Coke Company.}}
| {{|East of Fife Railway (Deviation) Act 1856|local|24|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the East of Fife Railway Company to make a Deviation in the Line of their Railway, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Leicester and Welford Road Act 1856|local|25|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for continuing the Term and amending and extending the Provisions of the Act relating to the Leicester and Welford Turnpike Road, in the Counties of Leicester and Northampton.}}
| {{|Gravesend Improvement Act 1856|local|26|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for more effectually paving, cleansing, lighting, and otherwise improving the Town of Gravesend in the County of Kent.|note4=(Repealed by County of Kent Act 1981 (c.xviii)) }}
| {{|Scarborough Waterworks Amendment Act 1856|local|27|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Scarborough Waterworks Company to raise a further Sum of Money, and to extend the Limits for the Supply of Water, and to amend the Provisions of the Act relating to such Company.}}
| {{|Sleaford and Tattershall Road Act 1856|local|28|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to repeal the Acts relating to the Sleaford and Tattershall Turnpike Road, and to make other Provisions in lieu thereof.}}
| {{|Bath Gas Act 1856|local|29|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to confer further Powers on the Bath Gaslight and Coke Company.}}
| {{|Cheltenham Gas Act 1856|local|30|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to confer further Powers on the Cheltenham Gaslight and Coke Company.}}
| {{|Crowland and Eye Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|31|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for continuing the Term and amending the Provisions of the Act for making and maintaining a Turnpike Road from the Town of Crowland in the County of Lincoln to the Town of Eye in the County of Northampton.}}
| {{|Edinburgh Municipality Extension Act 1856|local|32|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Municipal Boundaries of the City of Edinburgh, to transfer the Powers of the Commissioners of Police to the Magistrates and Council, and for other Purposes relating to the Municipality of the said City.|note4=(Repealed by Edinburgh Municipal and Police Act 1879 (c.cxxxii)) }}
| {{|Cork and Youghal Railway Amendment Act 1856|local|33|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Cork and Youghal Railway Company to extend their Railway into Cork, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Banbridge Junction Railway Act 1856|local|34|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for altering the Name of the Banbridge, Newry, Dublin, and Belfast Junction Railway Company to the Name "The Banbridge Junction Railway Company," for increasing their Capital and extending their Powers, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Glasgow Court Houses Act 1856|local|35|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for enlarging and improving the Justiciary Court House, and Court Houses and Public Buildings of the City of Glasgow and County of Lanark, for erecting additional Buildings, for amending the Act relating thereto, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Dewsbury, Batley and Heckmondwike Waterworks Act 1856|local|36|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for making better Provision for supplying the Districts of Dewsbury, Batley, and Heckmondwike with Water, and for confirming an Agreement between the Local Boards of Health of those Districts; and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Kettering and Newport Pagnell Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|37|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the Continuance and Regulation of the Kettering and Newport Pagnell Turnpike Road Trust.}}
| {{|Coventry Gas Act 1856|local|38|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Provisions and extend the Limits of the Act relating to the City of Coventry Gaslight Company.}}
| {{|Stockton and Middlesbrough Road Act 1856|local|39|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to authorize the making of a Turnpike Road from the Township of Thomaby to Middlesbrough in the North Riding of the County of York, with a Bridge over a Creek or Arm of the River Tees, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Alford Valley Railway Act 1856|local|40|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to authorize the making of a Railway from the Great North of Scotland Railway to Afford in the County of Aberdeen, to be called "The Alford Valley Railway."}}
| {{|St. Ives and West Cornwall Junction Railway Act 1856|local|41|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend "The Saint Ives and West Cornwall Junction Railway Act, 1853."}}
| {{|Shrewsbury Waterworks Act 1856|local|42|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for supplying with Water the Borough of Shrewsbury in the County of Salop.}}
| {{|Barnsdale and Leeds Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|43|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act passed in the 7th and 8th Years of the Reign of His late Majesty King George the Fourth, intituled An Act to alter, amend, and enlarge the Powers and Provisions of an Act relating to the Road from Barnsdale through Pontefract to Thwaite Gate near Leeds in the West Riding of the County of York, and to continue the Term thereby granted.}}
| {{|Fleetwood, Preston and West Riding Junction Railway Act 1856|local|44|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Vale of Clwyd Railway Act 1856|local|45|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Antrim and Coleraine Turnpikes Abolition Act 1856|local|46|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway Act 1856|local|47|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Cork Bridge, Waterworks and Improvement Act 1856|local|48|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Knaresborough and Green Hammerton Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|49|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Knaresborough and Pateley Bridge Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|50|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Eastern Counties Railway Act 1856|local|51|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Great Eastern Railway Act 1862 (c.ccxxiii)) }}
| {{|Hampstead Junction Railway (Extension of Time) Act 1856|local|52|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lowestoft and Beccles Railway Act 1856|local|53|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Midland Railway Act 1856|local|54|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Rotherham and Barnby Moor Road (Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire) Act 1856|local|55|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Glasgow Paving Act 1856|local|56|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Glasgow Police Act 1862 (c.cciv)) }}
| {{|Wolverhampon Waterworks Transfer Act 1856|local|57|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Blackburn and Addingham Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|58|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1872 (c.62)) }}
| {{|West Ham Gas Company Act 1856|local|59|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Honiton and Sidmouth Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|60|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Colne Valley and Halstead Railway Act 1856|local|61|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Wandsworth and Putney Gas Act 1856|local|62|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|North British Railway (Finance and Bridge) Act 1856|local|63|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by North British Railway Consolidation Act 1858 (c.cix)) }}
| {{|Penrith and Cockermouth Roads Act 1856|local|64|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Deeping Fen Drainage Act 1856|local|65|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stockport and Warrington Road Act 1856|local|66|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Elgin and Lossiemouth Harbour Act 1856|local|67|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Carmarthen and Cardigan Railway (Deviation) Act 1856|local|68|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Luton, Dunstable and Welwyn Junction Railway Act 1856|local|69|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Scottish Drainage and Improvement Company's Act 1856|local|70|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lymington Railway Act 1856|local|71|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Brough and Eamont Bridge Turnpike (Road) Act 1856|local|72|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Donington (Lincolnshire) Turnpike Roads Act 1856|local|73|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1874 (c.95)) }}
| {{|Clay Cross Waterworks Act 1856|local|74|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Sittingbourne and Sheerness Railway Act 1856|local|75|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (Extension and Branches) Act 1856|local|76|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Middlesbrough Improvement Act 1856|local|77|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Middlesbrough Corporation Act 1933 (c.lxxxiii)) }}
| {{|Torquay Waterworks Act 1856|local|78|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Yarmouth and Haddiscoe Railway Act 1856|local|79|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Leeds Waterworks (Wharfe Supply) Act 1856|local|80|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Leeds Corporation (Consolidation) Act 1905 (c.i)) }}
| {{|Eastern Union Railway Act 1856|local|81|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Great Eastern Railway Act 1862 (c.ccxxiii)) }}
| {{|Bawtry and Tinsley Road (Yorkshire, West Riding) Act 1856|local|82|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Godley Lane and Northowram Road (Yorkshire, West Riding) Act 1856|local|83|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Halifax and Huddersfield Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|84|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1867 (c.121)) }}
| {{|Renfrewshire Turnpike Roads Act 1856|local|85|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Morayshire Railway (Extension) Act 1856|local|86|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|West London and Crytal Palace Railway Act 1856|local|87|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bagenalstown and Wexford Railway Act 1856|local|88|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Monmouth Roads Act 1856|local|89|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bournemouth Improvement Act 1856|local|90|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Bournemouth Borough Council Act 1985 (c.v)) }}
| {{|Edinburgh Water Company's Act 1856|local|91|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Edinburgh Corporation Order Confirmation Act 1958 (c.v)) }}
| {{|Epsom and Leatherhead Railway Act 1856|local|92|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Salisbury Railway and Market House Act 1856|local|93|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Salisbury Railway and Market House Act 1969) }}
| {{|Stockton and Darlington and Newcastle and Carlisle Union Railway Act 1856|local|94|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Swansea Vale Railway Extension Act 1856|local|95|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Lewes, Eastbourne and Hailsham Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|96|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Conway and Llandudno Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|97|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|West of Fife Mineral Railway Act 1856|local|98|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Maybole and Girvan Railway Act 1856|local|99|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Forest of Dean Central Railway Act 1856|local|100|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Ceylon Railway Company's Act 1856|local|101|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Somerset Central Railway (Glastonbury to Bruton) Act 1856|local|102|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Wem and Bronygarth Roads Act 1856|local|103|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Wem and Bronygarth Roads Act 1860 (c.viii)) }}
| {{|Cleobury District Roads Act 1856|local|104|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Wimbledon and Croydon Railway Act 1856|local|105|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Stirling and Dunfermline Railway Act 1856|local|106|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|London Printing and Publishing Company's Act 1856|local|107|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Luton District Road Act 1856|local|108|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Metropolitan Railway (Great Northern Branch and Amendment) Act 1856|local|109|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway Act 1856|local|110|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway Act 1860 (c.ix)) }}
| {{|Severn Valley Railway Act 1856|local|111|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Isle of Wight Ferry Act 1856|local|112|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Pier and Harbour Order Confirmation Act 1916 (c.xxxvii)) }}
| {{|Dunblane, Doune and Callander Railway Act 1856|local|113|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway Act 1856|local|114|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Leeds Improvement Amendment Act 1856|local|115|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Grand Junction Waterworks Act 1856|local|116|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Crystal Palace Company's Act 1856|local|117|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by London County Council (Crystal Palace) Act 1951 (c.xxviii)) }}
| {{|Gloucester Gaslight Company's Act 1856|local|118|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Thames Haven Dock Company's Act 1856|local|119|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|London and South Western Railway (Exeter Extension) Act 1856|local|120|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|East Indian Railway Company Act 1856|local|121|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Ely Tidal Harbour and Railway (Glamorgan) Act 1856|local|122|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|London and North Western Railway (Shrewsbury Station) Act 1856|local|123|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway Act 1856|local|124|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Mid Kent Railway (Bromley to St. Mary Cray) Act 1856|local|125|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway (Capital) Act 1856|local|126|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Uttoxeter and Blyth Marsh Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|127|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Bardney, &c. Drainage Act 1856|local|128|21-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend An Act for draining, embarking, and improving the Fen Lands and Low Grounds within the Parishes, Hamlets, Townships, or Places of Bardney, Southrow otherwise Southry, Tupholme, Bucknall, Horsington, Stixwould, Edlington, and Thimbleby, in the County of Lincoln, and to confer further Powers on the Commissioners under such Act, and for other purposes.}}
| {{|Waveney Valley Railway Amendment Act 1856|local|129|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Great Eastern Railway Act 1863 (c.cxc)) }}
| {{|West End of London and Clapham and Norwood Junction Railway Act 1856|local|130|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Severn Navigation Act 1856|note1=|local|131|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to render more effectual the Powers of raising Money given by "The Severn Navigation Act, 1853," and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Shrewsbury and Welshpool Railway Act 1856|local|132|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Imprisoned Debtors Discharge Society's Act 1856|local|133|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Scottish North Eastern Railway Act 1856|local|134|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Dorset Central Railway Act 1856|local|135|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Perth, Almond Valley and Methven Railway Act 1856|local|136|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}
| {{|Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway (Extension of Time) Act 1856|note1=|local|137|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Time limited for completing the Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton Railway, and for adapting the same to the Broad Gauge, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Perth Burgh and Harbour (No.2) Act 1856|local|138|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Arrangement of the financial Affairs of the City of Perth; for the Maintenance of the Port and Harbour; and for other Purposes therewith connected.}}
| {{|Scottish Central Railway (Denny Branches) Act 1856|note1=|local|139|29-07-1856|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Scottish Central Railway Company to make Branch Railways to the Town of Denny in the County of Stirling.| |note4=(Repealed by Scottish Central Railway Consolidation Act 1859) }} }}
{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Doddington Rectory Division (Amendment) Act 1856|private|1|05-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act made and passed in the Tenth Year of the Reign of Her present Majesty, intituled "An Act to divide the Parish and Rectory of Doddington otherwise Dornington into Three separate and distinct Parishes and Rectories, and to endow the same out of the Revenues of that Rectory, and to make Provisions for the further Division of such Rectories and Parishes, and for other Purposes connected therewith." }}
| {{|Thornhill's Estate Act 1856|private|2|23-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for continuing in force, during the Minority of Mrs. Clara Clarke Thornhill, the Wife of William Capel Clarke Thornhill, of Swakeleys in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, the Powers conferred by "Thornhill's Estate Act, 1854," and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Wainman's Estate Act 1856|private|3|23-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for authorizing the Trustees under the Will of William Wainman Esquire, deceased, to grant Leases, and to make Sales, Exchanges, and Partition of the Real Estates devised by or subject to the Trusts of the same Will; and for other purposes.}}
| {{|Blenheim Estate Act 1856|private|4|23-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for giving effect to a Compromise relating to the Estate of the Most Noble George Fourth Duke of Marlborough, deceased, and, with a view thereto, for extinguishing the demisable Quality of certain Copyhold Hereditaments, Parcels of the Manors comprised in the Estates and Hereditmanents settled on the Dukedom, and for creating a Term of Years in a Portion of the said Copyhold Hereditaments.}}
| {{|Sir Lionel Milborne Swinnerton's Name Act 1856|private|5|23-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to authorize Sir Lionel Milborne Swinnerton Baronet and his Issue to assume and bear the Surnam of Pilkington jointly with the Surnames of Milborne and Swinnerton, and to be called by the Surnames of Milborne Swinnerton Pilkington.}}
| {{|Ingham's Estate Act 1856|private|6|30-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for vesting in Trustees the undivided Parts, subject to the Limitations of the Wills of Benjamin Inham deceased and Joshua Ingham deceased respectively, of Estates in the West Riding of the County of York, and for authorizing Partitions of Parts of those Estates, and for authorizing Leases and Sales of Parts of those Estates, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Dawson's Estate Act 1856|private|7|30-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to authorize the granting of Leases of Parts of the Freehold, Copyhold, and Leasehold Estates of the late Leonard Lewen Wheatley Esquire, situate in the several Parishes of Saint Lawrence and Saint Peter the Apostle in the Isle of Thanet, of Meopham near Gravesend, and Ash next Sandwich, and elsewhere in the County of Kent, and within the Manor of Stepney otherwise Stebunheath Ratcliffe in the Parish of Saint Dunstan Stepney, and elsewhere in the County of Middlesex.}}
| {{|Butterwick's Estate Act 1856|private|8|14-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to enable the Trustees of the Will of Matthew Butterwick Esquire to sell the Rectory and Tithes of Thirsk, held by Lease for Lives under the Archbishop of York, and certain Policies of Assurance, and for the Investment of the Proceeds, and for other Purposes; of which the Short Title is "Butterwick's Estate Act, 1856."}}
| {{|Walmesley's Estate Act 1856|private|9|21-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for enabling Leases for Mining, Agricultural, and Building Purposes to be made of the Estates of John Walmesley Esquire, deceased, and Sales of Portions thereof, and for other Purposes, the Short Title of which is "Walmesley's Estate Act, 1856."}}
| {{|Thoroton and Croft Estate Act 1856|note1=|private|10|29-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for enabling Leases and Sales to be made of Lands and hereditaments in the Counties of Northumberland and Durham belonging to the Families of Thoroton and Croft, and for other Purposes, called "The Thoroton and Croft Estate Act, 1856."}}
| {{|Dallington Estate Act 1856|private|11|29-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for vesting in Trustees the Estates of the late Sarah Reddall deceased, situate in the County of Northampton, known as the Dallington Estate, for the Purpose of enabling Leases, Sales, Exchanges, and Partitions to be made of the same; and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Bell's Estate Act 1856|private|12|29-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to enable the Trustees of the Will of John Bell Esquire to sell a Leasehold Estate for Lives in the County of York known as "Wildon Grange," held of the Archbishop of York, and for the Reinvestment of the Proceeds in the Purchase of Real Estates of Inheritance, of which the Short Title is "Bell's Estate Act, 1856."}}
| {{|Cairness Estate Amendment Act 1856|private|13|29-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to amend and enlarge the Powers of an Act passed in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Years of the Reign of Her present Majesty Queen Victoria, intituled "An Act for authorizing the Trustees of the late Thomas Gordon to sell his Estates of Cairness and others in the County of Aberdeen, and to apply the Price thereof in Payment of the Debts and Burdens affecting the same; and for laying out the Residue of the Price in the Purchase of other Lands, to be entailed in Terms of the Trust Deed of Settlement by the said Thomas Gordon; and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Brydges' Estate Act 1856|private|14|29-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for enabling Partitions, Sales, Exchanges, and Leases to be made of certain Parts of the Estates devised by the Will of Sir John William Head Brydges deceased, and for other Purposes.}}
| {{|Enabling George Shipton to exercise the office of a priest and hold any benefice or preferment in the Church of England and Ireland.|note1=|private|15|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|John Talbot's Divorce Act 1856|note1=|private|16|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}
| {{|Madgwick Davidson's Divorce Act 1856|note1=|private|17|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}} }} | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1856. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as \"39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67\", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations (thus \"41 Geo. 3\" rather than \"41 Geo. III\"). Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as \"41 Geo. 3\".",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The fourth session of the 16th Parliament of the United Kingdom, which met from 31 January 1856 until 29 July 1856.",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|House of Commons Offices Act 1856|note1=|public|1|28-02-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to regulate certain Offices of the House of Commons.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "| {{|Metropolitan Police Act 1856|public|2|28-02-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts relating to the Metropolitan Police.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "| {{|Joint Stock Banks (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|3|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1856|public|4|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "| {{|National Debt Act 1856|public|5|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "| {{|National Debt Act 1856|public|6|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "| {{|Supply Act 1856|public|7|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "| {{|Marine Mutiny Act 1856|public|8|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "| {{|Public Money Drainage Act 1856|note1=|public|9|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "| {{|Mutiny Act 1856|public|10|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|An Act for punishing Mutiny and Desertion, and for the better Payment of the Army and their Quarters.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "| {{|Annual Inclosure Act 1856|note1=|public|11|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "| {{|Turnpike Trusts Act 1856|public|12|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|An Act to confirm certain Provisional Orders made under an Act of the Fifteenth Year of Her present Majesty, to facilitate Arrangements for the Relief of Turnpike Trusts.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "| {{|Delamere Forest Act 1856|public|13|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to make Provision for the Management of certain Lands belonging to Her Majesty within the former Limits of the late Forest of Delamere in the County of Chester.|note4=(Repealed by Crown Estate Act 1961) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law Commissioners (Ireland) Act 1856|public|14|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "| {{|Out-pensioners of Greenwich and Chelsea Hospitals Act 1856|public|15|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "| {{|Central Criminal Court Act 1856|note1=or the Trial of Offences Act 1856or Palmer's Act|public|16|11-04-1856|archived=n|An Act to empower the Court of Queen's Bench to order certain Offenders to be tried at the Central Criminal Court.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "| {{|Public Works Act 1856|public|17|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "| {{|Public Works (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|18|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|An Act to authorize for a further Period the Application of Money for the Purposes of Loans for carrying on Public Works in Ireland.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bills Act 1856|public|19|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "| {{|Bankers' Compositions Act 1856|note1=or the Bankers' Composition Act 1856|public|20|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "| {{|National Debt Act 1856|public|21|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "| {{|Stamps Act 1856|public|22|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "| {{|Canada Company's Amendment Act 1856|note1=|public|23|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|An Act for granting certain additional Powers and Authorities to the Canada Company.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "| {{|Juvenile Convict Prisons Act 1856|note1=or the Juvenile Convict Prison (Ireland) Act 1856|public|24|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "| {{|Drafts on Bankers Act 1856|public|25|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "| {{|Public Health Supplemental Act 1856|note1=|public|26|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "| {{|Pawnbrokers Act 1856|public|27|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "| {{|Reformatory Schools (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|28|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "| {{|National Gallery Act 1856|public|29|23-06-1856|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Powers of the Trustees and Director of the National Gallery, and to authorize the Sale of Works of Art belonging to the Public.|note4=(Repealed by Museums and Galleries Act 1992) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "| {{|Annuity to Sir W. F. Williams Act 1856|public|30|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "| {{|Oxford University Act 1856|public|31|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "| {{|Whichwood Disafforesting Amendment Act 1856|note1=or the Whichwood Disafforesting Act 1856|public|32|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Whichwood Disafforesting Act, 1853.|note4=(Repealed by Wild Creatures and Forest Laws Act 1971) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "| {{|Income Tax Act 1856|public|33|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "| {{|Excise Duties Act 1856|public|34|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "| {{|West India Relief Commissioners Act 1856|public|35|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "| {{|Peace Preservation, Ireland, Act 1856|note1=|public|36|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "| {{|Transfer of Works (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|37|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "| {{|Factory Act 1856|note1=|public|38|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the further Amendment of the Laws relating to Labour in Factories.|note4=(Repealed by Factory and Workshop Act 1878) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "| {{|Sardinian Loan Act 1856|note1=|public|39|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "| {{|Industrial and Provident Societies Act 1856|public|40|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "| {{|Seamen's Savings Bank Act 1856|public|41|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "| {{|Poor Rates Act 1856|public|42|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "| {{|Hereditary Revenues Act 1856|note1=|public|43|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to authorise issues out of the Consolidated Fund for the redemption of certain Annuities charged on branches of the gross revenue.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1989) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Bills and Bonds Act 1856|public|44|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "| {{|St. Mary Magdalen Hospital, Bath Act 1856|public|45|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "| {{|Imprisonment (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|46|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "| {{|Joint Stock Companies Act 1856|public|47|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Incorporation and Regulation of Joint Stock Companies and other Associations.|note4=(Repealed by Companies Act 1862) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "| {{|Justices (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|48|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1856|note1=or the Turnpike Acts, Great Britain Act 1856|public|49|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "| {{|Sale of Advowsons Act 1856|note1=|public|50|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "| {{|Use of Rice in Distillation Act 1856|public|51|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "| {{|Militia Ballots Suspension Act 1856|public|52|31-01-1856|note3=|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "| {{|Moulton Endowed School Act 1856|public|53|14-07-1856|archived=n|An Act for confirming a Scheme of the Charity Commissioners for the Endowed School at Moulton in the County of Lincoln.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 58,
"text": "| {{|Grand Juries Act 1856|note1=|public|54|14-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to facilitate the Despatch of Business before Grand Juries in England and Wales.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 59,
"text": "| {{|Church Building Commissioners (Transfer of Powers) Act 1856|note1=|public|55|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act for transferring the Powers of the Church Building Commissioners to the Ecclesiastical Commissioners for England.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 60,
"text": "| {{|Exchequer Court (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|56|21-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to constitute the Court of Session the Court of Exchequer in Scotland, and to regulate Procedure in Matters connected with the Exchequer.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 61,
"text": "| {{|Manor Court of St. Sepulchre Abolition Act 1856|note1=|public|57|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to abolish the Jurisdiction of the Court of the Liberties and Manor of Saint Sepulchre in and near Dublin, and for the future Regulation of certain Markets of the said Manor.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 62,
"text": "| {{|Burgh Voters Registration (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|58|21-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 63,
"text": "| {{|Revenue (Transfer of Charges) Act 1856|note1=|public|59|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to alter the Mode of providing for certain Expenses now charged upon certain Parts of the Public Revenue.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 64,
"text": "| {{|Mercantile Law Amendment Act (Scotland) 1856|note1=or the Mercantile Law Amendment Act Scotland 1856|public|60|21-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws of Scotland affecting Trade and Commerce.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 65,
"text": "| {{|Survey Act 1856|public|61|21-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 66,
"text": "| {{|Drainage (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|62|21-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 67,
"text": "| {{|Grand Jury (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|63|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to amend the Acts relating to Grand Juries in Ireland.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 68,
"text": "| {{|Repeal of Obsolete Statutes Act 1856|public|64|21-07-1856|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to repeal certain Statutes which are not in use.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law Revision Act 1875) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 69,
"text": "| {{|Cottier Tenant (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|65|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to encourage the providing of improved Dwellings for the Labouring Classes in Ireland. }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 70,
"text": "| {{|Rights of Way Near Aldershot Camp Act 1856|public|66|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to extinguish certain Rights of Way and to stop up certain Roads and Paths near the Camp at Aldershot.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 71,
"text": "| {{|Incumbered Estates (Ireland) Act 1856|public|67|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to extend the Period for applying for a Sale under the Acts for facilitating the Sale and Transfer Act of Incumbered Estates in Ireland, and to amend the said Acts.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 72,
"text": "| {{|Prisons (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|68|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to further amend the Laws relating to Prisons in Ireland.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 73,
"text": "| {{|County and Borough Police Act 1856|public|69|21-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to render more effectual the Police in Counties and Boroughs in England and Wales.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 74,
"text": "| {{|Confirmation of Marriages Act 1856|public|70|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to render valid certain Marriages in the Church at Coatham in the Parish of Kirk Leatham in the County of York.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 75,
"text": "| {{|Annual Turnpike Acts (Ireland) Continuance Act 1856|note1=|public|71|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 76,
"text": "| {{|Railways (Ireland) Act 1856|public|72|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 77,
"text": "| {{|Indemnity Act 1856|public|73|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 78,
"text": "| {{|Episcopal, etc., Estates Management Act 1856|public|74|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 79,
"text": "| {{|Customs Act 1856|public|75|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 80,
"text": "| {{|Roman Catholic Charities Act 1856|public|76|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 81,
"text": "| {{|Chancery Receivers (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|77|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to amend the Law and Practice of the Court of Chancery in Ireland in relation to the Appointment of Receivers over Real Estate, and to expedite the Sale of Estates in the said Court.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 82,
"text": "| {{|Unlawful Oaths (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=or the Unlawful Oaths Amendment Continuance Act 1856|public|78|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 83,
"text": "| {{|Bankruptcy (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|79|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 84,
"text": "| {{|Taxes Act 1856|note1=|public|80|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 85,
"text": "| {{|Stamps Act 1856|public|81|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 86,
"text": "| {{|Duty on Racehorses Act 1856|public|82|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 87,
"text": "| {{|Coast-guard Service Act 1856|note1=or the Coastguard Service Act 1856|public|83|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to provide for the better Defence of the Coasts of the Realm, and the more ready Manning of the Navy, and to transfer to the Admiralty the Government of the Coast Guard.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 88,
"text": "| {{|Corrupt Practices Act 1856|public|84|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 89,
"text": "| {{|General Board of Health Act 1856|public|85|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 90,
"text": "| {{|Cursitor Baron of the Exchequer Act 1856|public|86|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 91,
"text": "| {{|Lunatic Asylums Act 1856|public|87|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 92,
"text": "| {{|Cambridge University Act 1856|public|88|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for the good Government and Extension of the University of Cambridge, of the Colleges therein, and of the College of King Henry the Sixth at Eton.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 93,
"text": "| {{|Form of Deeds (Scotland) Act 1856|public|89|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 94,
"text": "| {{|Militia Pay Act 1856|public|90|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 95,
"text": "| {{|Debts Securities (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|91|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and re-enact certain Provisions of an Act of the Fifty-fourth Year of King George the Third, relating to Judicial Procedure and Securities for Debts in Scotland.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 96,
"text": "| {{|Chancery Appeal Court (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|92|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 97,
"text": "| {{|Commissioners of Supply (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|93|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 98,
"text": "| {{|Administration of Intestates' Estates Act 1856|public|94|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 99,
"text": "| {{|Oxford Colleges, etc., Estates Act 1856|public|95|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 100,
"text": "| {{|Marriage (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|96|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 101,
"text": "| {{|Mercantile Law Amendment Act 1856|note1=|public|97|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Laws of England and Ireland affecting Trade and Commerce.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 102,
"text": "| {{|Burial Grounds (Ireland) Act 1856|note1=|public|98|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 103,
"text": "| {{|Lunatic Asylums, Superannuations, Ireland, Act 1856|note1=|public|99|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 104,
"text": "| {{|Joint Stock Banks Act 1856|note1=|public|100|29-07-1856|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the law with respect to the election of directors of joint stock banks in England.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 1973) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 105,
"text": "| {{|Contagious Diseases, Animals Act 1856|public|101|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 106,
"text": "| {{|Common Law Procedure Amendment Act (Ireland) 1856|note1=or the Common Law Procedure Amendment (Ireland) Act 1856|public|102|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to further amend the Procedure in and to enlarge the Jurisdiction of the Superior Courts of Common Law in Ireland.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 107,
"text": "| {{|Nuisances Removal (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|103|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 108,
"text": "| {{|New Parishes Act 1856|note1=|public|104|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 109,
"text": "| {{|Appropriation Act 1856|public|105|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 110,
"text": "| {{|Second Annual Inclosure Act 1856|note1=|public|106|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 111,
"text": "| {{|Smoke Abatement, London Act 1856|public|107|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 112,
"text": "| {{|County Courts Act 1856|note1=|public|108|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 113,
"text": "| {{|Reformatory, etc., Schools Act 1856|public|109|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 114,
"text": "| {{|Dublin Hospitals Regulation Act 1856|note1=or the Dublin Hospitals Act 1856|public|110|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act for the better Regulation of the House of Industry Hospitals and other Hospitals in Dublin supported wholly or in part by Parliamentary Grants.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 115,
"text": "| {{|Stoke Poges Hospital Act 1856|public|111|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 116,
"text": "| {{|Metropolis Management Amendment Act 1856|note1=|public|112|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 117,
"text": "| {{|Foreign Tribunals Evidence Act 1856|note1=|public|113|29-07-1856|archived=n|An Act to provide for taking Evidence in Her Majesty’s Dominions in relation to Civil and Commercial Matters pending before Foreign Tribunals.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 118,
"text": "| {{|Hay and Straw Act 1856|note1=|public|114|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 119,
"text": "| {{|Bishops of London and Durham Act 1856|public|115|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 120,
"text": "| {{|Education Department Act 1856|note1=|public|116|29-07-1856|repealed=y|archived=n|An Act for the Appointment of a Vice-President of the Committee of Council on Education.|note4=(Repealed by Board of Education Act 1899) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 121,
"text": "| {{|Poor Law (Scotland) Act 1856|note1=|public|117|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 122,
"text": "| {{|Criminal Justice Act 1856|note1=|public|118|29-07-1856|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 123,
"text": "| {{|Marriage and Registration Act 1856|note1=|public|119|29-07-1856|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Provisions of the Marriage and Registration Acts.|note4=(Repealed by Statute Law (Repeals) Act 2004) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 124,
"text": "| {{|Settled Estates Act 1856|public|120|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to facilitate Leases and Sales of Settled Estates.}} }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 125,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|London Docks Act 1856|note1=|local|1|29-04-1856|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the London Dock Company to raise a further Sum of Money.|note4=(Repealed by London and St. Katharine's Docks Act 1864 (27 & 28 Vict. c. clxxviii)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 126,
"text": "| {{|Knottingley Gas Act 1856|local|2|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for supplying with Gas the Townships of Knottingley and Ferrybridge in the West Hiding of the County of York.|note4=(Repealed by West Yorkshire Act 1980) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 127,
"text": "| {{|Colonial Bank Act 1856|local|3|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Period limited for the Exercise of the Powers of the Colonial Bank; and for other Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by Colonial Bank Act 1925) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 128,
"text": "| {{|Weymouth Gas Act 1856|local|4|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for lighting with Gas the Borough of Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, and its Neighbourhood, in the County of Dorset; and for other Purposes. }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 129,
"text": "| {{|Chorley Waterworks Transfer Act 1856|local|5|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for vesting in the Mayor, Aldermen, and Burgesses of the Borough of Liverpool the Undertaking of the Chorley Waterworks Company, and for other Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by County of Lancashire Act 1984) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 130,
"text": "| {{|Lancaster Gas Company's Act 1856|local|6|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for incorporating the Lancaster Gaslight Company, and extending their Powers, and for authorizing additional Works, and the raising of further Monies; and for other Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by County of Lancashire Act 1984) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 131,
"text": "| {{|Haslingden and Rawtenstall Waterworks Act 1856|local|7|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Haslingden and Rawtenstall Waterworks Company to raise a further Sum of Money, and for other Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by Bury and District Joint Water Board Act 1903 (c.ccxxxiv)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 132,
"text": "| {{|Southport Waterworks Act 1856|local|8|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Southport Waterworks Company to raise a further Sum of Money, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 133,
"text": "| {{|Gainsborough Gas Act 1856|local|9|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the better supplying with Gas the Parish of Gainsborough in Lincolnshire.|note4=(Repealed by Gainsborough Urban District Council Gas Act 1899 (62 & 63 Vict. c. lxxiv)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 134,
"text": "| {{|Lambeth Waterworks Act 1856|local|10|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for enabling the Company of Proprietors of Lambeth Waterworks to raise further Money, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 135,
"text": "| {{|Dundee Harbour Act 1856|local|11|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for effecting certain Alterations in the Works of the Tidal Harbour of Victoria Dock at Dundee, and for other Purposes in relation to the Harbour of Dundee.|note4=(Repealed by Dundee Harbour Consolidation Act 1875 (c.cl)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 136,
"text": "| {{|Lincoln Waterworks Act 1856|local|12|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Lincoln Waterworks Company to raise a further Sum of Money.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 137,
"text": "| {{|Heywood Gas Amendment Act 1856|local|13|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for granting further Powers to the Heywood Gaslight and Coke Company.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 138,
"text": "| {{|Milford Railway Act 1856|local|14|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the incorporating of the Milford Railway Company and for the making of the Milford Railway in the County of Pembroke.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 139,
"text": "| {{|London, Tilbury and Southend Railway Amendment Act 1856|local|15|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Eastern Counties and London and Blackball Railway Companies to raise a further Sum of Money for the Purposes of the London, Tilbury, and Southend Extension Railway; to amend the Acts relating to such Undertaking; and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 140,
"text": "| {{|East Somerset Railway Act 1856|local|16|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for making a Railway from the Wilts, Somerset, and Weymouth Railway, near Frome, to Shepton Mallett in the County of Somerset.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 141,
"text": "| {{|Cambridge Award Act 1856|note1=|local|17|05-06-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to confirm an Award for the Settlement of Matters in difference between the University and Borough of Cambridge, and for other Purposes connected therewith.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 142,
"text": "| {{|Ulster, Portadown and Dungannon Railways Act 1856|local|18|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Ulster Railway Company to subscribe towards the Undertaking of the Portadown and Dungannon Railway Company, and to authorize certain Arrangements between the said Companies, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 143,
"text": "| {{|Filey Waterworks Act 1856|local|19|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for supplying with Water the Town of Filey and the Environs and Neighbourhood thereof, and other Places in the East and North Ridings of the County of York, and for authorizing the Purchase of the Filey Gasworks, and for supplying the said Town with Gas; and for other Purposes.|note4=(Repealed by Filey Waterworks Act 1898 (c.ccxxx)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 144,
"text": "| {{|Wakefield Gas Act 1856|local|20|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to empower the Wakefield Gaslight Company to raise a further Sum of Money.|note4=(Repealed by West Yorkshire Act 1980 (c.xiv)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 145,
"text": "| {{|Worksop Gas Act 1856|local|21|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for incorporating the Worksop Gas Company.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 146,
"text": "| {{|Llanidloes and Newtown Railway Deviation Act 1856|local|22|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend and extend the Provisions of \"The Llanidloes and Newtown Railway Act, 1863;\" and to enable the Llanidloes and Newtown Railway Company to make certain Deviations in their authorized Line and Levels, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 147,
"text": "| {{|Boston Gas Amendment Act 1856|local|23|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to confer further Powers on the Boston Gaslight and Coke Company.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 148,
"text": "| {{|East of Fife Railway (Deviation) Act 1856|local|24|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the East of Fife Railway Company to make a Deviation in the Line of their Railway, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 149,
"text": "| {{|Leicester and Welford Road Act 1856|local|25|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for continuing the Term and amending and extending the Provisions of the Act relating to the Leicester and Welford Turnpike Road, in the Counties of Leicester and Northampton.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 150,
"text": "| {{|Gravesend Improvement Act 1856|local|26|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for more effectually paving, cleansing, lighting, and otherwise improving the Town of Gravesend in the County of Kent.|note4=(Repealed by County of Kent Act 1981 (c.xviii)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 151,
"text": "| {{|Scarborough Waterworks Amendment Act 1856|local|27|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Scarborough Waterworks Company to raise a further Sum of Money, and to extend the Limits for the Supply of Water, and to amend the Provisions of the Act relating to such Company.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 152,
"text": "| {{|Sleaford and Tattershall Road Act 1856|local|28|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to repeal the Acts relating to the Sleaford and Tattershall Turnpike Road, and to make other Provisions in lieu thereof.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 153,
"text": "| {{|Bath Gas Act 1856|local|29|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to confer further Powers on the Bath Gaslight and Coke Company.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 154,
"text": "| {{|Cheltenham Gas Act 1856|local|30|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to confer further Powers on the Cheltenham Gaslight and Coke Company.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 155,
"text": "| {{|Crowland and Eye Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|31|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for continuing the Term and amending the Provisions of the Act for making and maintaining a Turnpike Road from the Town of Crowland in the County of Lincoln to the Town of Eye in the County of Northampton.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 156,
"text": "| {{|Edinburgh Municipality Extension Act 1856|local|32|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Municipal Boundaries of the City of Edinburgh, to transfer the Powers of the Commissioners of Police to the Magistrates and Council, and for other Purposes relating to the Municipality of the said City.|note4=(Repealed by Edinburgh Municipal and Police Act 1879 (c.cxxxii)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 157,
"text": "| {{|Cork and Youghal Railway Amendment Act 1856|local|33|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to authorize the Cork and Youghal Railway Company to extend their Railway into Cork, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 158,
"text": "| {{|Banbridge Junction Railway Act 1856|local|34|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for altering the Name of the Banbridge, Newry, Dublin, and Belfast Junction Railway Company to the Name \"The Banbridge Junction Railway Company,\" for increasing their Capital and extending their Powers, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 159,
"text": "| {{|Glasgow Court Houses Act 1856|local|35|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for enlarging and improving the Justiciary Court House, and Court Houses and Public Buildings of the City of Glasgow and County of Lanark, for erecting additional Buildings, for amending the Act relating thereto, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 160,
"text": "| {{|Dewsbury, Batley and Heckmondwike Waterworks Act 1856|local|36|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for making better Provision for supplying the Districts of Dewsbury, Batley, and Heckmondwike with Water, and for confirming an Agreement between the Local Boards of Health of those Districts; and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 161,
"text": "| {{|Kettering and Newport Pagnell Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|37|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act for the Continuance and Regulation of the Kettering and Newport Pagnell Turnpike Road Trust.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 162,
"text": "| {{|Coventry Gas Act 1856|local|38|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend the Provisions and extend the Limits of the Act relating to the City of Coventry Gaslight Company.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 163,
"text": "| {{|Stockton and Middlesbrough Road Act 1856|local|39|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to authorize the making of a Turnpike Road from the Township of Thomaby to Middlesbrough in the North Riding of the County of York, with a Bridge over a Creek or Arm of the River Tees, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 164,
"text": "| {{|Alford Valley Railway Act 1856|local|40|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to authorize the making of a Railway from the Great North of Scotland Railway to Afford in the County of Aberdeen, to be called \"The Alford Valley Railway.\"}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 165,
"text": "| {{|St. Ives and West Cornwall Junction Railway Act 1856|local|41|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend \"The Saint Ives and West Cornwall Junction Railway Act, 1853.\"}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 166,
"text": "| {{|Shrewsbury Waterworks Act 1856|local|42|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to make further Provision for supplying with Water the Borough of Shrewsbury in the County of Salop.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 167,
"text": "| {{|Barnsdale and Leeds Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|43|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act passed in the 7th and 8th Years of the Reign of His late Majesty King George the Fourth, intituled An Act to alter, amend, and enlarge the Powers and Provisions of an Act relating to the Road from Barnsdale through Pontefract to Thwaite Gate near Leeds in the West Riding of the County of York, and to continue the Term thereby granted.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 168,
"text": "| {{|Fleetwood, Preston and West Riding Junction Railway Act 1856|local|44|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 169,
"text": "| {{|Vale of Clwyd Railway Act 1856|local|45|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 170,
"text": "| {{|Antrim and Coleraine Turnpikes Abolition Act 1856|local|46|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 171,
"text": "| {{|Shrewsbury and Hereford Railway Act 1856|local|47|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 172,
"text": "| {{|Cork Bridge, Waterworks and Improvement Act 1856|local|48|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 173,
"text": "| {{|Knaresborough and Green Hammerton Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|49|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 174,
"text": "| {{|Knaresborough and Pateley Bridge Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|50|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 175,
"text": "| {{|Eastern Counties Railway Act 1856|local|51|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Great Eastern Railway Act 1862 (c.ccxxiii)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 176,
"text": "| {{|Hampstead Junction Railway (Extension of Time) Act 1856|local|52|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 177,
"text": "| {{|Lowestoft and Beccles Railway Act 1856|local|53|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 178,
"text": "| {{|Midland Railway Act 1856|local|54|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 179,
"text": "| {{|Rotherham and Barnby Moor Road (Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire) Act 1856|local|55|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 180,
"text": "| {{|Glasgow Paving Act 1856|local|56|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Glasgow Police Act 1862 (c.cciv)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 181,
"text": "| {{|Wolverhampon Waterworks Transfer Act 1856|local|57|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 182,
"text": "| {{|Blackburn and Addingham Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|58|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1872 (c.62)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 183,
"text": "| {{|West Ham Gas Company Act 1856|local|59|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 184,
"text": "| {{|Honiton and Sidmouth Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|60|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 185,
"text": "| {{|Colne Valley and Halstead Railway Act 1856|local|61|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 186,
"text": "| {{|Wandsworth and Putney Gas Act 1856|local|62|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 187,
"text": "| {{|North British Railway (Finance and Bridge) Act 1856|local|63|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by North British Railway Consolidation Act 1858 (c.cix)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 188,
"text": "| {{|Penrith and Cockermouth Roads Act 1856|local|64|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 189,
"text": "| {{|Deeping Fen Drainage Act 1856|local|65|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 190,
"text": "| {{|Stockport and Warrington Road Act 1856|local|66|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 191,
"text": "| {{|Elgin and Lossiemouth Harbour Act 1856|local|67|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 192,
"text": "| {{|Carmarthen and Cardigan Railway (Deviation) Act 1856|local|68|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 193,
"text": "| {{|Luton, Dunstable and Welwyn Junction Railway Act 1856|local|69|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 194,
"text": "| {{|Scottish Drainage and Improvement Company's Act 1856|local|70|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 195,
"text": "| {{|Lymington Railway Act 1856|local|71|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 196,
"text": "| {{|Brough and Eamont Bridge Turnpike (Road) Act 1856|local|72|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 197,
"text": "| {{|Donington (Lincolnshire) Turnpike Roads Act 1856|local|73|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1874 (c.95)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 198,
"text": "| {{|Clay Cross Waterworks Act 1856|local|74|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 199,
"text": "| {{|Sittingbourne and Sheerness Railway Act 1856|local|75|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 200,
"text": "| {{|London, Tilbury and Southend Railway (Extension and Branches) Act 1856|local|76|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 201,
"text": "| {{|Middlesbrough Improvement Act 1856|local|77|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Middlesbrough Corporation Act 1933 (c.lxxxiii)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 202,
"text": "| {{|Torquay Waterworks Act 1856|local|78|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 203,
"text": "| {{|Yarmouth and Haddiscoe Railway Act 1856|local|79|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 204,
"text": "| {{|Leeds Waterworks (Wharfe Supply) Act 1856|local|80|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Leeds Corporation (Consolidation) Act 1905 (c.i)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 205,
"text": "| {{|Eastern Union Railway Act 1856|local|81|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Great Eastern Railway Act 1862 (c.ccxxiii)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 206,
"text": "| {{|Bawtry and Tinsley Road (Yorkshire, West Riding) Act 1856|local|82|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 207,
"text": "| {{|Godley Lane and Northowram Road (Yorkshire, West Riding) Act 1856|local|83|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 208,
"text": "| {{|Halifax and Huddersfield Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|84|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Annual Turnpike Acts Continuance Act 1867 (c.121)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 209,
"text": "| {{|Renfrewshire Turnpike Roads Act 1856|local|85|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 210,
"text": "| {{|Morayshire Railway (Extension) Act 1856|local|86|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 211,
"text": "| {{|West London and Crytal Palace Railway Act 1856|local|87|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 212,
"text": "| {{|Bagenalstown and Wexford Railway Act 1856|local|88|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 213,
"text": "| {{|Monmouth Roads Act 1856|local|89|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 214,
"text": "| {{|Bournemouth Improvement Act 1856|local|90|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Bournemouth Borough Council Act 1985 (c.v)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 215,
"text": "| {{|Edinburgh Water Company's Act 1856|local|91|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Edinburgh Corporation Order Confirmation Act 1958 (c.v)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 216,
"text": "| {{|Epsom and Leatherhead Railway Act 1856|local|92|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 217,
"text": "| {{|Salisbury Railway and Market House Act 1856|local|93|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Salisbury Railway and Market House Act 1969) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 218,
"text": "| {{|Stockton and Darlington and Newcastle and Carlisle Union Railway Act 1856|local|94|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 219,
"text": "| {{|Swansea Vale Railway Extension Act 1856|local|95|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 220,
"text": "| {{|Lewes, Eastbourne and Hailsham Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|96|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 221,
"text": "| {{|Conway and Llandudno Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|97|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 222,
"text": "| {{|West of Fife Mineral Railway Act 1856|local|98|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 223,
"text": "| {{|Maybole and Girvan Railway Act 1856|local|99|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 224,
"text": "| {{|Forest of Dean Central Railway Act 1856|local|100|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 225,
"text": "| {{|Ceylon Railway Company's Act 1856|local|101|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 226,
"text": "| {{|Somerset Central Railway (Glastonbury to Bruton) Act 1856|local|102|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 227,
"text": "| {{|Wem and Bronygarth Roads Act 1856|local|103|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Wem and Bronygarth Roads Act 1860 (c.viii)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 228,
"text": "| {{|Cleobury District Roads Act 1856|local|104|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 229,
"text": "| {{|Wimbledon and Croydon Railway Act 1856|local|105|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 230,
"text": "| {{|Stirling and Dunfermline Railway Act 1856|local|106|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 231,
"text": "| {{|London Printing and Publishing Company's Act 1856|local|107|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 232,
"text": "| {{|Luton District Road Act 1856|local|108|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 233,
"text": "| {{|Metropolitan Railway (Great Northern Branch and Amendment) Act 1856|local|109|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 234,
"text": "| {{|Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway Act 1856|local|110|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Inverness and Aberdeen Junction Railway Act 1860 (c.ix)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 235,
"text": "| {{|Severn Valley Railway Act 1856|local|111|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 236,
"text": "| {{|Isle of Wight Ferry Act 1856|local|112|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Pier and Harbour Order Confirmation Act 1916 (c.xxxvii)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 237,
"text": "| {{|Dunblane, Doune and Callander Railway Act 1856|local|113|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 238,
"text": "| {{|Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway Act 1856|local|114|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 239,
"text": "| {{|Leeds Improvement Amendment Act 1856|local|115|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 240,
"text": "| {{|Grand Junction Waterworks Act 1856|local|116|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 241,
"text": "| {{|Crystal Palace Company's Act 1856|local|117|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by London County Council (Crystal Palace) Act 1951 (c.xxviii)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 242,
"text": "| {{|Gloucester Gaslight Company's Act 1856|local|118|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 243,
"text": "| {{|Thames Haven Dock Company's Act 1856|local|119|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 244,
"text": "| {{|London and South Western Railway (Exeter Extension) Act 1856|local|120|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 245,
"text": "| {{|East Indian Railway Company Act 1856|local|121|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 246,
"text": "| {{|Ely Tidal Harbour and Railway (Glamorgan) Act 1856|local|122|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 247,
"text": "| {{|London and North Western Railway (Shrewsbury Station) Act 1856|local|123|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 248,
"text": "| {{|Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway Act 1856|local|124|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 249,
"text": "| {{|Mid Kent Railway (Bromley to St. Mary Cray) Act 1856|local|125|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 250,
"text": "| {{|Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway (Capital) Act 1856|local|126|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 251,
"text": "| {{|Uttoxeter and Blyth Marsh Turnpike Road Act 1856|local|127|31-01-1856|note3=|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 252,
"text": "| {{|Bardney, &c. Drainage Act 1856|local|128|21-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to amend An Act for draining, embarking, and improving the Fen Lands and Low Grounds within the Parishes, Hamlets, Townships, or Places of Bardney, Southrow otherwise Southry, Tupholme, Bucknall, Horsington, Stixwould, Edlington, and Thimbleby, in the County of Lincoln, and to confer further Powers on the Commissioners under such Act, and for other purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 253,
"text": "| {{|Waveney Valley Railway Amendment Act 1856|local|129|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n| |note4=(Repealed by Great Eastern Railway Act 1863 (c.cxc)) }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 254,
"text": "| {{|West End of London and Clapham and Norwood Junction Railway Act 1856|local|130|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 255,
"text": "| {{|Severn Navigation Act 1856|note1=|local|131|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to render more effectual the Powers of raising Money given by \"The Severn Navigation Act, 1853,\" and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 256,
"text": "| {{|Shrewsbury and Welshpool Railway Act 1856|local|132|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 257,
"text": "| {{|Imprisoned Debtors Discharge Society's Act 1856|local|133|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 258,
"text": "| {{|Scottish North Eastern Railway Act 1856|local|134|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 259,
"text": "| {{|Dorset Central Railway Act 1856|local|135|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 260,
"text": "| {{|Perth, Almond Valley and Methven Railway Act 1856|local|136|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 261,
"text": "| {{|Oxford, Worcester and Wolverhampton Railway (Extension of Time) Act 1856|note1=|local|137|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to extend the Time limited for completing the Oxford, Worcester, and Wolverhampton Railway, and for adapting the same to the Broad Gauge, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 262,
"text": "| {{|Perth Burgh and Harbour (No.2) Act 1856|local|138|29-07-1856|repealed=n|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to provide for the Arrangement of the financial Affairs of the City of Perth; for the Maintenance of the Port and Harbour; and for other Purposes therewith connected.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 263,
"text": "| {{|Scottish Central Railway (Denny Branches) Act 1856|note1=|local|139|29-07-1856|repealed=y|maintained=y|archived=n|An Act to enable the Scottish Central Railway Company to make Branch Railways to the Town of Denny in the County of Stirling.| |note4=(Repealed by Scottish Central Railway Consolidation Act 1859) }} }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 264,
"text": "{{legislationuk|act |- | {{|Doddington Rectory Division (Amendment) Act 1856|private|1|05-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to amend an Act made and passed in the Tenth Year of the Reign of Her present Majesty, intituled \"An Act to divide the Parish and Rectory of Doddington otherwise Dornington into Three separate and distinct Parishes and Rectories, and to endow the same out of the Revenues of that Rectory, and to make Provisions for the further Division of such Rectories and Parishes, and for other Purposes connected therewith.\" }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 265,
"text": "| {{|Thornhill's Estate Act 1856|private|2|23-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for continuing in force, during the Minority of Mrs. Clara Clarke Thornhill, the Wife of William Capel Clarke Thornhill, of Swakeleys in the County of Middlesex, Esquire, the Powers conferred by \"Thornhill's Estate Act, 1854,\" and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 266,
"text": "| {{|Wainman's Estate Act 1856|private|3|23-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for authorizing the Trustees under the Will of William Wainman Esquire, deceased, to grant Leases, and to make Sales, Exchanges, and Partition of the Real Estates devised by or subject to the Trusts of the same Will; and for other purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 267,
"text": "| {{|Blenheim Estate Act 1856|private|4|23-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for giving effect to a Compromise relating to the Estate of the Most Noble George Fourth Duke of Marlborough, deceased, and, with a view thereto, for extinguishing the demisable Quality of certain Copyhold Hereditaments, Parcels of the Manors comprised in the Estates and Hereditmanents settled on the Dukedom, and for creating a Term of Years in a Portion of the said Copyhold Hereditaments.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 268,
"text": "| {{|Sir Lionel Milborne Swinnerton's Name Act 1856|private|5|23-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to authorize Sir Lionel Milborne Swinnerton Baronet and his Issue to assume and bear the Surnam of Pilkington jointly with the Surnames of Milborne and Swinnerton, and to be called by the Surnames of Milborne Swinnerton Pilkington.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 269,
"text": "| {{|Ingham's Estate Act 1856|private|6|30-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for vesting in Trustees the undivided Parts, subject to the Limitations of the Wills of Benjamin Inham deceased and Joshua Ingham deceased respectively, of Estates in the West Riding of the County of York, and for authorizing Partitions of Parts of those Estates, and for authorizing Leases and Sales of Parts of those Estates, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 270,
"text": "| {{|Dawson's Estate Act 1856|private|7|30-06-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to authorize the granting of Leases of Parts of the Freehold, Copyhold, and Leasehold Estates of the late Leonard Lewen Wheatley Esquire, situate in the several Parishes of Saint Lawrence and Saint Peter the Apostle in the Isle of Thanet, of Meopham near Gravesend, and Ash next Sandwich, and elsewhere in the County of Kent, and within the Manor of Stepney otherwise Stebunheath Ratcliffe in the Parish of Saint Dunstan Stepney, and elsewhere in the County of Middlesex.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 271,
"text": "| {{|Butterwick's Estate Act 1856|private|8|14-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to enable the Trustees of the Will of Matthew Butterwick Esquire to sell the Rectory and Tithes of Thirsk, held by Lease for Lives under the Archbishop of York, and certain Policies of Assurance, and for the Investment of the Proceeds, and for other Purposes; of which the Short Title is \"Butterwick's Estate Act, 1856.\"}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 272,
"text": "| {{|Walmesley's Estate Act 1856|private|9|21-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for enabling Leases for Mining, Agricultural, and Building Purposes to be made of the Estates of John Walmesley Esquire, deceased, and Sales of Portions thereof, and for other Purposes, the Short Title of which is \"Walmesley's Estate Act, 1856.\"}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 273,
"text": "| {{|Thoroton and Croft Estate Act 1856|note1=|private|10|29-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for enabling Leases and Sales to be made of Lands and hereditaments in the Counties of Northumberland and Durham belonging to the Families of Thoroton and Croft, and for other Purposes, called \"The Thoroton and Croft Estate Act, 1856.\"}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 274,
"text": "| {{|Dallington Estate Act 1856|private|11|29-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for vesting in Trustees the Estates of the late Sarah Reddall deceased, situate in the County of Northampton, known as the Dallington Estate, for the Purpose of enabling Leases, Sales, Exchanges, and Partitions to be made of the same; and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 275,
"text": "| {{|Bell's Estate Act 1856|private|12|29-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to enable the Trustees of the Will of John Bell Esquire to sell a Leasehold Estate for Lives in the County of York known as \"Wildon Grange,\" held of the Archbishop of York, and for the Reinvestment of the Proceeds in the Purchase of Real Estates of Inheritance, of which the Short Title is \"Bell's Estate Act, 1856.\"}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 276,
"text": "| {{|Cairness Estate Amendment Act 1856|private|13|29-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act to amend and enlarge the Powers of an Act passed in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Years of the Reign of Her present Majesty Queen Victoria, intituled \"An Act for authorizing the Trustees of the late Thomas Gordon to sell his Estates of Cairness and others in the County of Aberdeen, and to apply the Price thereof in Payment of the Debts and Burdens affecting the same; and for laying out the Residue of the Price in the Purchase of other Lands, to be entailed in Terms of the Trust Deed of Settlement by the said Thomas Gordon; and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 277,
"text": "| {{|Brydges' Estate Act 1856|private|14|29-07-1856|maintained=y|repealed=n|archived=n|An Act for enabling Partitions, Sales, Exchanges, and Leases to be made of certain Parts of the Estates devised by the Will of Sir John William Head Brydges deceased, and for other Purposes.}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 278,
"text": "| {{|Enabling George Shipton to exercise the office of a priest and hold any benefice or preferment in the Church of England and Ireland.|note1=|private|15|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 279,
"text": "| {{|John Talbot's Divorce Act 1856|note1=|private|16|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
},
{
"paragraph_id": 280,
"text": "| {{|Madgwick Davidson's Divorce Act 1856|note1=|private|17|31-01-1856|note3=|repealed=n|archived=n|}} }}",
"title": "19 & 20 Vict."
}
] | This is an incomplete list of acts of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for the year 1856. Note that the first parliament of the United Kingdom was held in 1801; parliaments between 1707 and 1800 were either parliaments of Great Britain or of Ireland). For acts passed up until 1707, see the list of acts of the Parliament of England and the list of acts of the Parliament of Scotland. For acts passed from 1707 to 1800, see the list of acts of the Parliament of Great Britain. See also the list of acts of the Parliament of Ireland. For acts of the devolved parliaments and assemblies in the United Kingdom, see the list of acts of the Scottish Parliament, the list of acts of the Northern Ireland Assembly, and the list of acts and measures of Senedd Cymru; see also the list of acts of the Parliament of Northern Ireland. The number shown after each act's title is its chapter number. Acts passed before 1963 are cited using this number, preceded by the year(s) of the reign during which the relevant parliamentary session was held; thus the Union with Ireland Act 1800 is cited as "39 & 40 Geo. 3 c. 67", meaning the 67th act passed during the session that started in the 39th year of the reign of George III and which finished in the 40th year of that reign. Note that the modern convention is to use Arabic numerals in citations. Acts of the last session of the Parliament of Great Britain and the first session of the Parliament of the United Kingdom are both cited as "41 Geo. 3". Some of these acts have a short title. Some of these acts have never had a short title. Some of these acts have a short title given to them by later acts, such as by the Short Titles Act 1896. | 2023-12-07T19:54:58Z | 2023-12-07T22:54:26Z | [
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:UK legislation",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Efn",
"Template:Small",
"Template:Refbegin",
"Template:Refend",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:British legislation lists",
"Template:Br"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_acts_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom_from_1856 |
75,509,773 | Yoon Wang-ho | [] | RECIRECT Peanut (gamer) | 2023-12-07T19:55:38Z | 2023-12-07T19:55:38Z | [
"Template:R shell"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoon_Wang-ho |
|
75,509,801 | Nobody's Hero (film) | Nobody's Hero (French: Viens je t'emmène) is a 2022 French comedy-drama film directed by Alain Guiraudie. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nobody's Hero (French: Viens je t'emmène) is a 2022 French comedy-drama film directed by Alain Guiraudie.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "External links"
}
] | Nobody's Hero is a 2022 French comedy-drama film directed by Alain Guiraudie. | 2023-12-07T19:58:04Z | 2023-12-17T09:22:30Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Lang-fr",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:IMDb title",
"Template:Rotten Tomatoes",
"Template:2020s-France-film-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobody%27s_Hero_(film) |
75,509,828 | Ikumi Kai | Ikumi Kai (甲斐 生海, Kai Ikumi, born July 11, 2000) also known as Ikumi (生海) is a Japanese professional baseball Outfielder for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).
Ikumi went on to Tohoku Fukushi University, and in the fall league game of his fourth year, he recorded 3 home runs and 16 RBIs, winning the double title for home runs and RBIs, and won the Best Nine Award as first basemen.
On October 20, 2022, Ikumi was drafted by the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks in the third round in the 2022 Nippon Professional Baseball draft.
On July 22, 2023, Ikumi made his First League debut in the Pacific League against the Chiba Lotte Marines, and recored his first hit.
In 2023 season, he appeared in 13 games in the Pacific League. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ikumi Kai (甲斐 生海, Kai Ikumi, born July 11, 2000) also known as Ikumi (生海) is a Japanese professional baseball Outfielder for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB).",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ikumi went on to Tohoku Fukushi University, and in the fall league game of his fourth year, he recorded 3 home runs and 16 RBIs, winning the double title for home runs and RBIs, and won the Best Nine Award as first basemen.",
"title": "Early baseball career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On October 20, 2022, Ikumi was drafted by the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks in the third round in the 2022 Nippon Professional Baseball draft.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On July 22, 2023, Ikumi made his First League debut in the Pacific League against the Chiba Lotte Marines, and recored his first hit.",
"title": "Professional career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2023 season, he appeared in 13 games in the Pacific League.",
"title": "Professional career"
}
] | Ikumi Kai also known as Ikumi (生海) is a Japanese professional baseball Outfielder for the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). | 2023-12-07T20:00:45Z | 2023-12-27T04:38:11Z | [
"Template:Infobox NPB player",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Japan-baseball-outfielder-stub",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Citation needed",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Baseballstats",
"Template:Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks roster navbox",
"Template:Nihongo"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikumi_Kai |
75,509,932 | Beljakovce | Beljakovce (Macedonian: Бељаковце) is a village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia.
As of the 2021 census, Beljakovce had 54 residents with the following ethnic composition: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Beljakovce (Macedonian: Бељаковце) is a village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of the 2021 census, Beljakovce had 54 residents with the following ethnic composition:",
"title": "Demographics"
}
] | Beljakovce is a village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia. | 2023-12-07T20:16:03Z | 2023-12-07T21:18:33Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Commons category",
"Template:Kumanovo Municipality",
"Template:Kumanovo-geo-stub",
"Template:Infobox settlement",
"Template:Lang-mk"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beljakovce |
75,509,938 | Archie Davis | Archie Davis (born 16 October 1998) is a British middle-distance runner. He is a five-time British Athletics Championships finalist outdoors and once indoors, with a best placing of 4th at the 2021 edition.
Davis is from Sussex, United Kingdom and competed in athletics from an early age, being a standout under-13 athlete for the Brighton Phoenix athletics club.
Davis qualified for his first international championship at the age of 16, representing England at the 2015 Commonwealth Youth Games and finishing 4th in the 1500 m finals. The following year, Davis ran in the men's 1500 m at the 2016 World U20 Championships in Athletics. Affected by the death of his friend a week prior, he failed to qualify for the finals.
Later in 2016, Davis developed Plica syndrome in one of his knees, requiring surgery preventing him from running until February 2016. Despite this at the 2017 European Athletics U20 Championships, Davis qualified for the finals and finished in 5th place.
Davis had a breakthrough season in 2021, running a four-second personal best in the 800 metres and a 6-second best in the mile. Davis ran his first senior international championship at the 2021 European Indoor Championships men's 1500 m, finishing 6th place in his heat. Outdoors at the 2021 European Athletics Team Championships Super League, Davis finished 4th in the 1500 m final, scoring 4 points for his country.
At the 2021 British Athletics Championships, Davis finished 4th in the 1500 m, just one place away from selection for the 2021 Summer Olympics team. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Archie Davis (born 16 October 1998) is a British middle-distance runner. He is a five-time British Athletics Championships finalist outdoors and once indoors, with a best placing of 4th at the 2021 edition.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Davis is from Sussex, United Kingdom and competed in athletics from an early age, being a standout under-13 athlete for the Brighton Phoenix athletics club.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Davis qualified for his first international championship at the age of 16, representing England at the 2015 Commonwealth Youth Games and finishing 4th in the 1500 m finals. The following year, Davis ran in the men's 1500 m at the 2016 World U20 Championships in Athletics. Affected by the death of his friend a week prior, he failed to qualify for the finals.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Later in 2016, Davis developed Plica syndrome in one of his knees, requiring surgery preventing him from running until February 2016. Despite this at the 2017 European Athletics U20 Championships, Davis qualified for the finals and finished in 5th place.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Davis had a breakthrough season in 2021, running a four-second personal best in the 800 metres and a 6-second best in the mile. Davis ran his first senior international championship at the 2021 European Indoor Championships men's 1500 m, finishing 6th place in his heat. Outdoors at the 2021 European Athletics Team Championships Super League, Davis finished 4th in the 1500 m final, scoring 4 points for his country.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "At the 2021 British Athletics Championships, Davis finished 4th in the 1500 m, just one place away from selection for the 2021 Summer Olympics team.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Archie Davis is a British middle-distance runner. He is a five-time British Athletics Championships finalist outdoors and once indoors, with a best placing of 4th at the 2021 edition. | 2023-12-07T20:16:46Z | 2023-12-13T01:15:04Z | [
"Template:World Athletics",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox sportsperson",
"Template:Silver2",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archie_Davis |
75,509,948 | Edward C. Huffaker | Edward C. Huffaker was an American pioneer of manned flight best known for suggesting decades before anyone else that the Bernoulli Principle may allow curved wings to fly.
In 1889, he performed glider experiments in Chuckey, Tennessee. From 1895 to 1896, he worked for the Smithsonian Institute on aviation modeling by invitation of Octave Chanute. Late in 1896, he returned to Chuckey to test more gliders under the Smithsonian's Samuel Langley's instruction. He left the Smithsonian in 1898 following disagreements with Langley.
Huffaker worked with the Wright brothers but they did not care for his personality or hygiene.
Huffaker patented a flight-stabilization device in 1920.
Huffaker never flew in an airplane. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Edward C. Huffaker was an American pioneer of manned flight best known for suggesting decades before anyone else that the Bernoulli Principle may allow curved wings to fly.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 1889, he performed glider experiments in Chuckey, Tennessee. From 1895 to 1896, he worked for the Smithsonian Institute on aviation modeling by invitation of Octave Chanute. Late in 1896, he returned to Chuckey to test more gliders under the Smithsonian's Samuel Langley's instruction. He left the Smithsonian in 1898 following disagreements with Langley.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Huffaker worked with the Wright brothers but they did not care for his personality or hygiene.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Huffaker patented a flight-stabilization device in 1920.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Huffaker never flew in an airplane.",
"title": ""
}
] | Edward C. Huffaker was an American pioneer of manned flight best known for suggesting decades before anyone else that the Bernoulli Principle may allow curved wings to fly. In 1889, he performed glider experiments in Chuckey, Tennessee. From 1895 to 1896, he worked for the Smithsonian Institute on aviation modeling by invitation of Octave Chanute. Late in 1896, he returned to Chuckey to test more gliders under the Smithsonian's Samuel Langley's instruction. He left the Smithsonian in 1898 following disagreements with Langley. Huffaker worked with the Wright brothers but they did not care for his personality or hygiene. Huffaker patented a flight-stabilization device in 1920. Huffaker never flew in an airplane. | 2023-12-07T20:18:42Z | 2023-12-25T23:57:58Z | [
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Orphan",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_C._Huffaker |
75,509,954 | D'lga | D'lga (Macedonian: Д’лга) is a abandoned village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia.
As of the 2021 census, D'lga had 0 residents. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "D'lga (Macedonian: Д’лга) is a abandoned village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of the 2021 census, D'lga had 0 residents.",
"title": "Demographics"
}
] | D'lga is a abandoned village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia. | 2023-12-07T20:19:30Z | 2023-12-08T09:31:37Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Commons category",
"Template:Kumanovo Municipality",
"Template:Kumanovo-geo-stub",
"Template:Infobox settlement",
"Template:Lang-mk"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27lga |
75,509,994 | Gabreš | Gabreš (Macedonian: Габреш) is a village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia.
As of the 2021 census, Gabreš had 44 residents with the following ethnic composition: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gabreš (Macedonian: Габреш) is a village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of the 2021 census, Gabreš had 44 residents with the following ethnic composition:",
"title": "Demographics"
}
] | Gabreš is a village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia. | 2023-12-07T20:26:10Z | 2023-12-07T21:17:30Z | [
"Template:Infobox settlement",
"Template:Lang-mk",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Commons category",
"Template:Kumanovo Municipality",
"Template:Kumanovo-geo-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabre%C5%A1 |
75,510,005 | Oh we'll hang Jeff Davis from a sour apple tree | "Oh we'll hang Jeff Davis from a sour apple tree" (and similar) is a variant of the American folk song John Brown's Body that was sung by the United States military, Unionist civilians, and freedmen during and after the American Civil War. The phrase and associated imagery became relevant to the post-war legal issues surrounding the potential prosecution of former Confederate politicians and officers; the lyric was sometimes referenced in political cartoons and artworks of the time, and in political debates continuing well into the post-Reconstruction era.
Jeff Davis and the sour apple tree appear in print as early as August 1861. In 1880, a U.S. Army veteran claimed credit for first singing the lyric in spring 1862 in Virginia, having taken inspiration from a prior song about a "sick monkey in a sour apple tree." A Civil War-era pieced-quilt block pattern called Apple Tree probably references the song lyric. In 1947 a survivor of American slavery named Perry Vaughn recalled, "I fought in Abe Lincoln's army and played the bass horn in the Army band. I can still remember, like it was yesterday, playing 'We'll Hang Jeff Davis on a Sour Apple Tree.'"
A less bloodthirsty variant was "We'll feed Jeff Davis sour apples 'til he gets the diarhee."
Richard Wright's 1938 novella Big Boy Leaves Home references a later-developed white supremacist response: "We'll hang ever nigger t a sour apple tree."
Jefferson Davis, the first and only president of the Confederate States of America, died of natural causes in 1889. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"Oh we'll hang Jeff Davis from a sour apple tree\" (and similar) is a variant of the American folk song John Brown's Body that was sung by the United States military, Unionist civilians, and freedmen during and after the American Civil War. The phrase and associated imagery became relevant to the post-war legal issues surrounding the potential prosecution of former Confederate politicians and officers; the lyric was sometimes referenced in political cartoons and artworks of the time, and in political debates continuing well into the post-Reconstruction era.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Jeff Davis and the sour apple tree appear in print as early as August 1861. In 1880, a U.S. Army veteran claimed credit for first singing the lyric in spring 1862 in Virginia, having taken inspiration from a prior song about a \"sick monkey in a sour apple tree.\" A Civil War-era pieced-quilt block pattern called Apple Tree probably references the song lyric. In 1947 a survivor of American slavery named Perry Vaughn recalled, \"I fought in Abe Lincoln's army and played the bass horn in the Army band. I can still remember, like it was yesterday, playing 'We'll Hang Jeff Davis on a Sour Apple Tree.'\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A less bloodthirsty variant was \"We'll feed Jeff Davis sour apples 'til he gets the diarhee.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Richard Wright's 1938 novella Big Boy Leaves Home references a later-developed white supremacist response: \"We'll hang ever nigger t a sour apple tree.\"",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Jefferson Davis, the first and only president of the Confederate States of America, died of natural causes in 1889.",
"title": "History"
}
] | "Oh we'll hang Jeff Davis from a sour apple tree" is a variant of the American folk song John Brown's Body that was sung by the United States military, Unionist civilians, and freedmen during and after the American Civil War. The phrase and associated imagery became relevant to the post-war legal issues surrounding the potential prosecution of former Confederate politicians and officers; the lyric was sometimes referenced in political cartoons and artworks of the time, and in political debates continuing well into the post-Reconstruction era. | 2023-12-07T20:27:31Z | 2023-12-26T20:30:01Z | [
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Subscription required",
"Template:Use American English",
"Template:Slink",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Use mdy dates",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oh_we%27ll_hang_Jeff_Davis_from_a_sour_apple_tree |
75,510,014 | Refaat Alareer | Refaat Alareer (Arabic: رفعت العرعير, romanized: Rifaʿat al-ʿAriʿīr; 23 September 1979 – 6 December 2023) was a prominent Palestinian writer, poet, professor, and activist from the Gaza Strip.
Alareer was born in Gaza City in 1979 during the Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip, which he stated had usually negatively influenced every move and decision he made. Alareer earned a BA in English in 2001 from the Islamic University of Gaza and an MA from University College London in 2007. He earned a PhD in English Literature at the Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2017 with a dissertation on John Donne.
He taught literature and creative writing at the Islamic University of Gaza and co-founded the organization We Are Not Numbers, which matched experienced authors with young writers in Gaza, and promoted the power of storytelling as a means of resistance.
On 6 December 2023, Alareer was killed in an Israeli airstrike in northern Gaza, along with his brother, sister and her three children, during the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip. The Euro-Med Monitor released a statement saying that Alareer was apparently deliberately targeted, "surgically bombed out of the entire building", and came after weeks of "death threats that Refaat received online and by phone from Israeli accounts."
Refaat Alareer was born 23 September 1979 in Shuja'iyya in Gaza City. Growing up in Gaza, he said, meant "every move I took and every decision I made were influenced (usually negatively) by the Israeli occupation."
Alareer earned a BA in English in 2001 from the Islamic University of Gaza and an MA from University College London in 2007. He earned a Ph.D. in English Literature at the Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2017 with a dissertation entitled "Unframing John Donne's Transgressive Poetry in Light of Bakhtin's Dialogic Theories."
Alareer edited two volumes of Palestinian short stories, Gaza Writes Back (2014) and Gaza Unsilenced (2015). In an interview, Alareer stated, "Gaza Writes Back was an attempt to provide a testimony for future generations." In 2007, Alareer became a professor at Islamic University in Gaza, where he taught world literature and creative writing, with a focus on Shakespeare. This included the work of Israeli poet Yehuda Amichai, which he called beautiful but dangerous. He co-founded the organization We Are Not Numbers, a mentorship program that matches writers in Gaza with authors abroad. The organization promotes the power of storytelling as a means of resistance.
During the 2021 Israel-Palestine crisis, he wrote an opinion piece in the New York Times about the war occurring in the Gaza Strip, ending it with a conversation with his 8-year old daughter, Linah:
On Tuesday, Linah asked her question again after my wife and I didn’t answer it the first time: Can they destroy our building if the power is out? I wanted to say: “Yes, little Linah, Israel can still destroy the beautiful al-Jawharah building, or any of our buildings, even in the darkness. Each of our homes is full of tales and stories that must be told. Our homes annoy the Israeli war machine, mock it, haunt it, even in the darkness. It can’t abide their existence. And, with American tax dollars and international immunity, Israel presumably will go on destroying our buildings until there is nothing left.” But I can’t tell Linah any of this. So I lie: “No, sweetie. They can’t see us in the dark.”
During the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Alareer made media appearances on the BBC, Democracy Now!, and ABC News. In the immediate aftermath of the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, he described the attack as "legitimate and moral" and said it was "exactly like the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising". He also rejected allegations of Hamas engaging in sexual violence during the 7 October attack as lies used to "justify the Gaza genocide."
According to The New York Times, Alareer was notorious in Israel due to his "virulently anti-Israeli and antisemitic" comments in the classroom and online. In response to the claim that Hamas had killed a baby by placing it in an oven, which was later found to be false, he responded "with or without baking powder" on Twitter. Responding to somebody who called him a "disgusting human being" for the tweet, Alareer said the claim was "Israeli lies and fabrications". The New York Times reported that Alareer's comments included calling Israelis “scum,” “Nazis,” “filth,” “the root cause of evil” and “worse than Nazi Germany,” and that they reflected his anger at Israel, which was worsened by the killing of his brother in an Israeli airstrike during the 2014 war, and the fact that the Israeli blockade on Gaza had at times prevented him from leaving the Strip to study and teach abroad.
Alareer and his wife had six children. His brother, Hamada, as well as his wife Nusayba's grandfather, brother, sister, and three nieces were killed during the 2014 Gaza War in an Israeli bombing campaign. In total, Israel killed more than 30 relatives of Alareer and his wife. During the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, Alareer wrote an op-ed in The New York Times describing the effects on his children. Alareer was a Gaza Zoo volunteer, which he continued during the 2023 war.
Alareer was killed by an Israeli airstrike at approximately 18:00 on 6 December 2023 in northern Gaza. He was 44. He had refused to leave northern Gaza at the start of the 2023 Israel-Hamas war. His brother Salah with son Mohammed, and his sister Asmaa with three of her children (Alaa, Yahia, and Mohammed) were also among those killed in the same airstrike. Alareer was survived by his wife and six children.
Euro-Med Monitor released a statement saying that it appeared that Alareer was deliberately targeted, saying that the apartment Alareer was in with his family was "surgically bombed out of the entire building where it's located, according to corroborated eyewitness and family accounts. This came after weeks of death threats that Alareer received online and by phone from Israeli accounts." The Euro-Med Monitor report stated that prior to his death, Alareer had been sheltering in a UNRWA school in Gaza with his wife and children when he received a threat over phone call stating that they knew the school where he was located. This prompted Alareer to evacuate the school and move to his sister's apartment.
In his last interview before being killed, with the sound of Israeli bombs exploding in the background, Alareer said Gazans felt helpless and that, while he had no weapons, he would defend himself if the Israeli army were to come to his house:
I am an academic. Probably the toughest thing I have at home is an Expo marker. But if the Israelis invade, if they barge at us, charge at us open door-to-door to massacre us, I am going to use that marker to throw it at the Israeli soldiers, even if that is the last thing that I would be able to do. And this is the feeling of everybody. We are helpless. We have nothing to lose.
If I must die, let it be a tale.
#FreePalestine#Gaza
November 1, 2023
Alareer's final poem, If I must die, was widely circulated after his killing and was translated into more than 40 languages.
The founder of the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor, Ramy Abdu, stated Israeli soldiers "targeted, went after and killed the voice of Gaza, one of its best academics, a human, my dear and precious friend."
Poet Mosab Abu Toha wrote "My heart is broken, my friend and colleague Refaat Alareer was killed with his family".
Palestinian-American professor Sami Al-Arian noted "He was an amazing poet, an articulate voice for Gazans, and a true bridge to people outside Palestine. His loss will be missed by many inside Palestine and around the world". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Refaat Alareer (Arabic: رفعت العرعير, romanized: Rifaʿat al-ʿAriʿīr; 23 September 1979 – 6 December 2023) was a prominent Palestinian writer, poet, professor, and activist from the Gaza Strip.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Alareer was born in Gaza City in 1979 during the Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip, which he stated had usually negatively influenced every move and decision he made. Alareer earned a BA in English in 2001 from the Islamic University of Gaza and an MA from University College London in 2007. He earned a PhD in English Literature at the Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2017 with a dissertation on John Donne.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "He taught literature and creative writing at the Islamic University of Gaza and co-founded the organization We Are Not Numbers, which matched experienced authors with young writers in Gaza, and promoted the power of storytelling as a means of resistance.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "On 6 December 2023, Alareer was killed in an Israeli airstrike in northern Gaza, along with his brother, sister and her three children, during the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip. The Euro-Med Monitor released a statement saying that Alareer was apparently deliberately targeted, \"surgically bombed out of the entire building\", and came after weeks of \"death threats that Refaat received online and by phone from Israeli accounts.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Refaat Alareer was born 23 September 1979 in Shuja'iyya in Gaza City. Growing up in Gaza, he said, meant \"every move I took and every decision I made were influenced (usually negatively) by the Israeli occupation.\"",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Alareer earned a BA in English in 2001 from the Islamic University of Gaza and an MA from University College London in 2007. He earned a Ph.D. in English Literature at the Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2017 with a dissertation entitled \"Unframing John Donne's Transgressive Poetry in Light of Bakhtin's Dialogic Theories.\"",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Alareer edited two volumes of Palestinian short stories, Gaza Writes Back (2014) and Gaza Unsilenced (2015). In an interview, Alareer stated, \"Gaza Writes Back was an attempt to provide a testimony for future generations.\" In 2007, Alareer became a professor at Islamic University in Gaza, where he taught world literature and creative writing, with a focus on Shakespeare. This included the work of Israeli poet Yehuda Amichai, which he called beautiful but dangerous. He co-founded the organization We Are Not Numbers, a mentorship program that matches writers in Gaza with authors abroad. The organization promotes the power of storytelling as a means of resistance.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "During the 2021 Israel-Palestine crisis, he wrote an opinion piece in the New York Times about the war occurring in the Gaza Strip, ending it with a conversation with his 8-year old daughter, Linah:",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "On Tuesday, Linah asked her question again after my wife and I didn’t answer it the first time: Can they destroy our building if the power is out? I wanted to say: “Yes, little Linah, Israel can still destroy the beautiful al-Jawharah building, or any of our buildings, even in the darkness. Each of our homes is full of tales and stories that must be told. Our homes annoy the Israeli war machine, mock it, haunt it, even in the darkness. It can’t abide their existence. And, with American tax dollars and international immunity, Israel presumably will go on destroying our buildings until there is nothing left.” But I can’t tell Linah any of this. So I lie: “No, sweetie. They can’t see us in the dark.”",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "During the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Alareer made media appearances on the BBC, Democracy Now!, and ABC News. In the immediate aftermath of the 2023 Hamas-led attack on Israel, he described the attack as \"legitimate and moral\" and said it was \"exactly like the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising\". He also rejected allegations of Hamas engaging in sexual violence during the 7 October attack as lies used to \"justify the Gaza genocide.\"",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "According to The New York Times, Alareer was notorious in Israel due to his \"virulently anti-Israeli and antisemitic\" comments in the classroom and online. In response to the claim that Hamas had killed a baby by placing it in an oven, which was later found to be false, he responded \"with or without baking powder\" on Twitter. Responding to somebody who called him a \"disgusting human being\" for the tweet, Alareer said the claim was \"Israeli lies and fabrications\". The New York Times reported that Alareer's comments included calling Israelis “scum,” “Nazis,” “filth,” “the root cause of evil” and “worse than Nazi Germany,” and that they reflected his anger at Israel, which was worsened by the killing of his brother in an Israeli airstrike during the 2014 war, and the fact that the Israeli blockade on Gaza had at times prevented him from leaving the Strip to study and teach abroad.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Alareer and his wife had six children. His brother, Hamada, as well as his wife Nusayba's grandfather, brother, sister, and three nieces were killed during the 2014 Gaza War in an Israeli bombing campaign. In total, Israel killed more than 30 relatives of Alareer and his wife. During the 2021 Israel–Palestine crisis, Alareer wrote an op-ed in The New York Times describing the effects on his children. Alareer was a Gaza Zoo volunteer, which he continued during the 2023 war.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Alareer was killed by an Israeli airstrike at approximately 18:00 on 6 December 2023 in northern Gaza. He was 44. He had refused to leave northern Gaza at the start of the 2023 Israel-Hamas war. His brother Salah with son Mohammed, and his sister Asmaa with three of her children (Alaa, Yahia, and Mohammed) were also among those killed in the same airstrike. Alareer was survived by his wife and six children.",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Euro-Med Monitor released a statement saying that it appeared that Alareer was deliberately targeted, saying that the apartment Alareer was in with his family was \"surgically bombed out of the entire building where it's located, according to corroborated eyewitness and family accounts. This came after weeks of death threats that Alareer received online and by phone from Israeli accounts.\" The Euro-Med Monitor report stated that prior to his death, Alareer had been sheltering in a UNRWA school in Gaza with his wife and children when he received a threat over phone call stating that they knew the school where he was located. This prompted Alareer to evacuate the school and move to his sister's apartment.",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In his last interview before being killed, with the sound of Israeli bombs exploding in the background, Alareer said Gazans felt helpless and that, while he had no weapons, he would defend himself if the Israeli army were to come to his house:",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "I am an academic. Probably the toughest thing I have at home is an Expo marker. But if the Israelis invade, if they barge at us, charge at us open door-to-door to massacre us, I am going to use that marker to throw it at the Israeli soldiers, even if that is the last thing that I would be able to do. And this is the feeling of everybody. We are helpless. We have nothing to lose.",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "If I must die, let it be a tale.",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "#FreePalestine#Gaza",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "November 1, 2023",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Alareer's final poem, If I must die, was widely circulated after his killing and was translated into more than 40 languages.",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "The founder of the Euro-Mediterranean Human Rights Monitor, Ramy Abdu, stated Israeli soldiers \"targeted, went after and killed the voice of Gaza, one of its best academics, a human, my dear and precious friend.\"",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "Poet Mosab Abu Toha wrote \"My heart is broken, my friend and colleague Refaat Alareer was killed with his family\".",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Palestinian-American professor Sami Al-Arian noted \"He was an amazing poet, an articulate voice for Gazans, and a true bridge to people outside Palestine. His loss will be missed by many inside Palestine and around the world\".",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Refaat Alareer was a prominent Palestinian writer, poet, professor, and activist from the Gaza Strip. Alareer was born in Gaza City in 1979 during the Israeli occupation of the Gaza Strip, which he stated had usually negatively influenced every move and decision he made. Alareer earned a BA in English in 2001 from the Islamic University of Gaza and an MA from University College London in 2007. He earned a PhD in English Literature at the Universiti Putra Malaysia in 2017 with a dissertation on John Donne. He taught literature and creative writing at the Islamic University of Gaza and co-founded the organization We Are Not Numbers, which matched experienced authors with young writers in Gaza, and promoted the power of storytelling as a means of resistance. On 6 December 2023, Alareer was killed in an Israeli airstrike in northern Gaza, along with his brother, sister and her three children, during the 2023 Israeli invasion of the Gaza Strip. The Euro-Med Monitor released a statement saying that Alareer was apparently deliberately targeted, "surgically bombed out of the entire building", and came after weeks of "death threats that Refaat received online and by phone from Israeli accounts." | 2023-12-07T20:29:22Z | 2023-12-26T13:38:54Z | [
"Template:Sfn",
"Template:Cquote",
"Template:Tweet",
"Template:Cite magazine",
"Template:2023 Israel–Hamas war",
"Template:Authority control",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Pp-extended",
"Template:Infobox academic",
"Template:Cite news",
"Template:Lang-ar",
"Template:Cite thesis",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite tweet",
"Template:Twitter",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Cite book",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Portal bar"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refaat_Alareer |
75,510,019 | Gradište, Kumanovo | Gradište (Macedonian: Градиште) is a village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia.
As of the 2021 census, Gradište had 127 residents with the following ethnic composition: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Gradište (Macedonian: Градиште) is a village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "As of the 2021 census, Gradište had 127 residents with the following ethnic composition:",
"title": "Demographics"
}
] | Gradište is a village in the municipality of Kumanovo, North Macedonia. | 2023-12-07T20:30:24Z | 2023-12-07T21:17:11Z | [
"Template:Infobox settlement",
"Template:Lang-mk",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Commons category",
"Template:Kumanovo Municipality",
"Template:Kumanovo-geo-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradi%C5%A1te,_Kumanovo |
75,510,024 | Venus (2023 film) | Venus is a 2023 Spanish independent black-and-white drama film written and directed by Víctor Conde based on the play of the same name, which stars Antonio Hortelano, Ariana Bruguera, Paula Muñoz, Carlos Serrano-Clark and Carlos Gorbe.
The plot tracks the stories involving 5 characters who meet in a café.
The film was produced by Antonello Novellino, Kaplan, AMC, Antaviana Films, Paloma Tejero, Raúl Ruano Monge, Claqueta Blanca, and Winp Consulting. Shooting took place in Madrid. Shot in black and white, the film was lensed by Pol Turrents, scored by Alfonso Casado, and edited by Mar Jorge Sotelo and Bernat Aragonés.
Distributed by Begin Again Films, Venus was released theatrically in Spain on 17 February 2023. It was picked up for a streaming release on Filmin on 12 May 2023.
Beatriz Martínez of El Periódico de Catalunya rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, writing that the film "is tiny, but endearing and you can see the love with which it is made".
Carlos Marañón of Cinemanía summed up the film in his verdict as "echoes of castizo Nouvelle Vague for a crossing of impossible loves". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Venus is a 2023 Spanish independent black-and-white drama film written and directed by Víctor Conde based on the play of the same name, which stars Antonio Hortelano, Ariana Bruguera, Paula Muñoz, Carlos Serrano-Clark and Carlos Gorbe.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The plot tracks the stories involving 5 characters who meet in a café.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The film was produced by Antonello Novellino, Kaplan, AMC, Antaviana Films, Paloma Tejero, Raúl Ruano Monge, Claqueta Blanca, and Winp Consulting. Shooting took place in Madrid. Shot in black and white, the film was lensed by Pol Turrents, scored by Alfonso Casado, and edited by Mar Jorge Sotelo and Bernat Aragonés.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Distributed by Begin Again Films, Venus was released theatrically in Spain on 17 February 2023. It was picked up for a streaming release on Filmin on 12 May 2023.",
"title": "Release"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Beatriz Martínez of El Periódico de Catalunya rated the film 3 out of 5 stars, writing that the film \"is tiny, but endearing and you can see the love with which it is made\".",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Carlos Marañón of Cinemanía summed up the film in his verdict as \"echoes of castizo Nouvelle Vague for a crossing of impossible loves\".",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Venus is a 2023 Spanish independent black-and-white drama film written and directed by Víctor Conde based on the play of the same name, which stars Antonio Hortelano, Ariana Bruguera, Paula Muñoz, Carlos Serrano-Clark and Carlos Gorbe. | 2023-12-07T20:31:20Z | 2023-12-07T20:55:10Z | [
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox film",
"Template:Cast listing",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Authority control"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus_(2023_film) |
75,510,039 | Munshid | An Munshid (Arabic: مُنْشِد) is the given name for an Nasheed singer.
Here are an list of some popular Munshids. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "An Munshid (Arabic: مُنْشِد) is the given name for an Nasheed singer.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Here are an list of some popular Munshids.",
"title": "List of Munshids"
}
] | An Munshid is the given name for an Nasheed singer. | 2023-12-07T20:33:12Z | 2023-12-07T22:00:25Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munshid |
75,510,043 | Üçsırt | Üçsırt is a village in the Muş District, Muş Province, in east Turkey.
Üçsırt and the plateau used for animal husbandry are located on the Otluk Mountains. The name of the village comes from the three mountains behind it and 56 km away from the center of Muş. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Üçsırt is a village in the Muş District, Muş Province, in east Turkey.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Üçsırt and the plateau used for animal husbandry are located on the Otluk Mountains. The name of the village comes from the three mountains behind it and 56 km away from the center of Muş.",
"title": "Geology and geography"
}
] | Üçsırt is a village in the Muş District, Muş Province, in east Turkey. | 2023-12-07T20:33:59Z | 2023-12-10T01:25:09Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox Turkey place",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Muş-geo-stub"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9C%C3%A7s%C4%B1rt |
75,510,045 | Wheelchair tennis at the 2023 Parapan American Games | Wheelchair tennis competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Tennis and Racket Sports Training Centre from 19 to 25 November 2023.
The men's and women's singles champions qualified directly for the 2024 Summer Paralympics.
There are 51 tennis players from 13 nations participating.
* Host nation (Chile) | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Wheelchair tennis competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Tennis and Racket Sports Training Centre from 19 to 25 November 2023.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The men's and women's singles champions qualified directly for the 2024 Summer Paralympics.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "There are 51 tennis players from 13 nations participating.",
"title": "Participating nations"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "* Host nation (Chile)",
"title": "Medal summary"
}
] | Wheelchair tennis competitions at the 2023 Parapan American Games in Santiago, Chile were held at the Tennis and Racket Sports Training Centre from 19 to 25 November 2023. The men's and women's singles champions qualified directly for the 2024 Summer Paralympics. | 2023-12-07T20:34:08Z | 2023-12-09T20:12:33Z | [
"Template:DetailsLink",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Wheelchair tennis at the Parapan American Games",
"Template:Div col end",
"Template:Events at the 2023 Parapan American Games",
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Div col",
"Template:MedalistTable",
"Template:FlagIPC2",
"Template:More citations needed",
"Template:Infobox tennis tournament year",
"Template:FlagIOC2",
"Template:Medals table",
"Template:FlagIPC2medalist",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Infobox Parapan American Games event"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheelchair_tennis_at_the_2023_Parapan_American_Games |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.