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So how does this work?
Итак, как это работает?
en-ru
The patient receives an injection of a radio tracer that's taken up by rapidly proliferating tumor cells, but not by normal cells, and this is the key difference from mammography.
Στον ασθενή γίνεται ένεση με έναν ραδιενεργό ιχνηθέτη που προσλαμβάνεται από τα ταχέως πολλαπλασιαζόμενα κύτταρα του όγκου, αλλά όχι από φυσιολογικά κύτταρα. Και αυτή είναι η βασική διαφορά με τη μαστογραφία.
en-el
Mammography relies on differences in the appearance of the tumor from the background tissue, and we've seen that those differences can be obscured in a dense breast.
Chụp X-quang dựa trên sự khác nhau trong hình dáng của khối u giữa các mô ở phần nền, và chúng ta thấy rằng các khác biệt đó có thể bị lu mờ ở các mô vú dày.
en-vi
But MBI exploits the different molecular behavior of tumors, and therefore, it's impervious to breast density.
Namun MBI menggunakan perbedaan perilaku dari sel-sel tumor sehingga tidak terpengaruh oleh kepadatan payudara.
en-id
After the injection, the patient's breast is placed between the detectors.
방사선 추적자 주입 후, 감지기 사이에 환자 유방을 위치시킵니다.
en-ko
And if you've ever had a mammogram -- if you're old enough to have had a mammogram -- you know what comes next: pain.
Αν έχετε κάνει ποτέ μαστογραφία -- αν είστε αρκετά μεγάλη ώστε να έχετε κάνει μαστογραφία -- ξέρετε τι ακολουθεί: πόνος.
en-el
You may be surprised to know that mammography is the only radiologic study that's regulated by federal law, and the law requires that the equivalent of a 40-pound car battery come down on your breast during this study.
Вы возможно удивитесь, если узнаете, что маммография - единственное радиологическое исследование, которое регулируется федеральным законом, который определяет, что вес, эквивалентный 20 килограммовому автомобильному аккумулятору должен сдавливать вашу грудь во время исследования.
en-ru
But with MBI, we use just light, pain-free compression.
Namun dengan MBI, kami hanya menggunakan tekanan ringan dan tidak menyakitkan.
en-id
(Applause) And the detector then transmits the image to the computer.
(Aplausos) E o detetor, depois transmite a imagem para o computador.
en-pt
So here's an example.
這邊是其中一例
en-zh-tw
You can see, on the right, a mammogram showing a faint tumor, the edges of which are blurred by the dense tissue.
Rechts können Sie ein Mammogramm sehen, es zeigt einen schwachen Tumor, dessen Ränder durch das dichte Gewebe unscharf sind.
en-de
But the MBI image shows that tumor much more clearly, as well as a second tumor, which profoundly influence that patient's surgical options.
Ale MBI obraz nalevo ukazuje ten nádor jasněji a také druhý nádor, který podstatně mění indikaci pro operaci.
en-cs
In this example, although the mammogram found one tumor, we were able to demonstrate three discrete tumors -- one is small as three millimeters.
En aquest exemple, tot i que la mamografia va trobar un tumor, vam poder demostrar la presència de tres petits tumors; un d'ells de només 3 milímetres.
en-ca
Our big break came in 2004.
La nostra gran oportunitat va arribar l'any 2004.
en-ca
After we had demonstrated that we could find small tumors, we used these images to submit a grant to the Susan G. Komen Foundation.
Po tom, ako sme ukázali, že dokážeme odhaliť malé nádory, sme využili tieto snímky, aby sme sa prihlásili o grant z nadácie Susan G. Komenovej.
en-sk
And we were elated when they took a chance on a team of completely unknown investigators and funded us to study 1,000 women with dense breasts, comparing a screening mammogram to an MBI.
І страшенно зраділи, коли вони дали шанс команді нікому не відомих дослідників і профінансували наше обстеження 1,000 жінок зі щільними молочними залозами для зіставлення діагностичної мамограми і МВМЗ.
en-uk
Of the tumors that we found, mammography found only 25 percent of those tumors.
מהגידולים שאנחנו מצאנו, הממוגרפיה מצאה רק 25% מהם.
en-he
MBI found 83 percent.
La IMM detectó un 83%.
en-es
Here's an example from that screening study.
Zde je jeden příklad z této studie.
en-cs
The digital mammogram was read as normal and shows lots of dense tissue, but the MBI shows an area of intense uptake, which correlated with a two-centimeter tumor.
數位乳房X光攝影判讀結果為正常 並在圖上顯示許多高密度的組織 但是MBI卻發現有一個區域會吸收高量的放射性追蹤劑 而結果證實是一個兩公分大的腫瘤
en-zh-tw
In this case, a one-centimeter tumor.
In questo caso abbiamo un tumore da un centimetro,
en-it
And in this case, a 45-year-old medical secretary at Mayo, who had lost her mother to breast cancer when she was very young, wanted to enroll in our study.
Y en este caso, una secretaria médica de 45 años de la clínica Mayo que había perdido a su madre por cáncer de mama cuando era muy joven quería participar en nuestro estudio.
en-es
And her mammogram showed an area of very dense tissue, but her MBI showed an area of worrisome uptake, which we can also see on a color image.
她的X光片显示一片高密度乳腺组织, 而她的MBI显示 该区域值得忧虑, 在彩片中也可以看到。
en-zh-cn
And this corresponded to a tumor the size of a golf ball.
Воно відповідало пухлині завбільшки м'ячик для гольфу.
en-uk
But fortunately it was removed before it had spread to her lymph nodes.
May mắn là khối u đã được loại bỏ trước khi nó kịp lan đến các hạch bạch huyết của cô.
en-vi
So now that we knew that this technology could find three times more tumors in a dense breast, we had to solve one very important problem.
Teraz, kiedy wiedzieliśmy, że ta technologia umożliwia wykrycie 3 razy więcej guzów w gęstych piersiach, musieliśmy rozwiązać jeden ważny problem:
en-pl
We had to figure out how to lower the radiation dose, and we have spent the last three years making modifications to every aspect of the imaging system to allow this.
放射線の量を いかに少なくするかです これを達成するために この3年間 画像化技術を あらゆる側面から 見直してきました
en-ja
And I'm very happy to report that we're now using a dose of radiation that is equivalent to the effective dose from one digital mammogram.
É com satisfação que informo que estamos a usar uma dose de radiação que é equivalente à dose eficaz de uma mamografia digital.
en-pt
And at this low dose, we're continuing this screening study, and this image from three weeks ago in a 67-year-old woman shows a normal digital mammogram, but an MBI image showing an uptake that proved to be a large cancer.
Com esta dose baixa, estamos a continuar o nosso estudo, e esta imagem de há três semanas numa mulher de 67 anos mostra uma mamografia digital normal, mas uma imagem IMM mostra um destaque que se provou ser um cancro grande.
en-pt
So this is not just young women that it's benefiting.
És a dir, no només les dones joves en treuen profit.
en-ca
It's also older women with dense tissue.
Već također i starijim ženama s gustim tkivom.
en-hr
And we're now routinely using one-fifth the radiation dose that's used in any other type of gamma technology.
Hiện nay chúng tôi thường chỉ sử dụng 1/5 lượng phóng xạ được dùng trong các kỹ thuật gamma khác.
en-vi
MBI generates four images per breast.
MBI produkuje päť snímkov na každý prsník.
en-sk
MRI generates over a thousand.
MRI genereert er duizenden.
en-nl
It takes a radiologist years of specialty training to become expert in differentiating the normal anatomic detail from the worrisome finding.
Radiolog potrzebuje wielu lat specjalistycznych szkoleń, by sprawnie odróżniać normalne detale anatomiczne od objawów niepokojących.
en-pl
But I suspect even the non-radiologists in the room can find the tumor on the MBI image.
Mas eu suspeito que mesmo os não-radiologistas presentes conseguem achar o tumor na imagem ISM.
en-pt-br
But this is why MBI is so potentially disruptive -- it's as accurate as MRI, it's far less complex to interpret, and it's a fraction of the cost.
Ете, ова е зошто МСД е толку потенцијално вознемирувачки точен е исто колку Магнетна резонанца многу е поедностано за интерпретирање и чини само делче од цената
en-mk
But you can understand why there may be forces in the breast-imaging world who prefer the status quo.
но можете да си замислите зошто можеби постојат сили во светот на снимките на дојките кои преферираат статус кво
en-mk
After achieving what we felt were remarkable results, our manuscript was rejected by four journals.
Αφού επιτύχαμε αυτά που αισθανόμασταν ότι ήταν αξιοθαύμαστα αποτελέσματα, το κείμενό μας απορρίφθηκε από τέσσερα περιοδικά.
en-el
After the fourth rejection, we requested reconsideration of the manuscript, because we strongly suspected that one of the reviewers who had rejected it had a financial conflict of interest in a competing technology.
Dördüncü redden sonra yayın kurulu üyelerinden birinin rakip teknoloji ile maddi çıkar ilişkisi olduğundan ciddi şekilde şüphelendiğimiz gerekçesiyle makalemizin yeniden incelenmesini talep ettik.
en-tr
Our manuscript was then accepted and will be published later this month in the journal Radiology.
سناریو ما پس از آن پذیرفته شد و در ماه ژوئن در مجله رادیولوژی منتشر خواهد شد.
en-fa
(Applause) We still need to complete the screening study using the low dose, and then our findings will need to be replicated at other institutions, and this could take five or more years.
(Applaudissements) Nous devons encore achever la recherche sur le dépistage avec de faibles doses, et ensuite nos résultats devront être reproduits par d'autres établissements. Cela pourrait prendre cinq ans ou plus.
en-fr
If this technology is widely adopted, I will not benefit financially in any way, and that is very important to me, because it allows me to continue to tell you the truth.
Falls diese Technologie in Zukunft breit angewandt wird, werde ich finanziell in keiner Weise davon profitieren. Das ist sehr wichtig für mich, denn es erlaubt mir, Ihnen weiterhin die Wahrheit zu sagen.
en-de
But I recognize -- (Applause) I recognize that the adoption of this technology will depend as much on economic and political forces as it will on the soundness of the science.
Maar ik erken -- (Applaus) Ik erken dat het aannemen van deze technologie net zoveel zal afhangen van economische en politieke machten als van de betrouwbaarheid van de wetenschap.
en-nl
The MBI unit has now been FDA approved, but it's not yet widely available.
A unidade IMM já foi aprovada pela Administração de Alimentos e Medicamentos, mas ainda não está disponível amplamente.
en-pt
So until something is available for women with dense breasts, there are things that you should know to protect yourself.
Dus totdat er iets beschikbaar is voor vrouwen met dicht borstweefsel, zijn er een paar dingen die je moet weten om jezelf te beschermen.
en-nl
First, know your density.
Primo, sappiate riconoscere la vostra densità.
en-it
Ninety percent of women don't, and 95 percent of women don't know that it increases your breast cancer risk.
A nők 90%-a nem tudja. És a nők 95%-a azt sem tudja, hogy ez növeli a mellrák kockázatát.
en-hu
The State of Connecticut became the first and only state to mandate that women receive notification of their breast density after a mammogram.
Коннектикут стал первым штатом, который определил в законодательном порядке оповещение женщин о плотности их груди мосле маммографии.
en-ru
I was at a conference of 60,000 people in breast-imaging last week in Chicago, and I was stunned that there was a heated debate as to whether we should be telling women what their breast density is.
저는 지난주 시카고에서 계최된 6만명이 모였던 유방영상학회에 참석했습니다. 그 자리에서 참석자들이 여성들에게 유방치밀도를 통지해야 하는지에 관한 열띤 토론이 벌어진 것을 보고 어안이 벙벙했습니다.
en-ko
Of course we should.
我们当然应该告诉她们。
en-zh-cn
And if you don't know, please ask your doctor or read the details of your mammography report.
И ако не я знаете, моля обърнете се към вашия лекар, или прочетете подробностите от вашата мамограма.
en-bg
Second, if you're pre-menopausal, try to schedule your mammogram in the first two weeks of your menstrual cycle, when breast density is relatively lower.
Za druhé, pokud jste před menopauzou, snažte se mít mamograf v prvních dvou týdnech menstruačního cyklu, kdy je hustota prsů nižší.
en-cs
Third, if you notice a persistent change in your breast, insist on additional imaging.
سوما اگر شما متوجه تغییر مداوم در سینه تان شدید، بر روی تصویربرداری اضافی اصرار کنید.
en-fa
And fourth and most important, the mammography debate will rage on, but I do believe that all women 40 and older should have an annual mammogram.
ve dördüncü ama en önemlisi, mammografi tartışmaları sürecektir ama bence 40 yaş üstü her kadın yılda bir kez mammografi çektirmelidir.
en-tr
Mammography isn't perfect, but it's the only test that's been proven to reduce mortality from breast cancer.
유방조영술은 완전하지 않지만, 유방암으로 인한 사망률을 감소시킨다고 증명된 유일한 검사방법입니다.
en-ko
But this mortality banner is the very sword which mammography's most ardent advocates use to deter innovation.
でもこの死亡率を掲げる事は 致命的でもあるのです マンモグラフィーの 熱烈な支持者たちは 死亡率を盾に 革新を妨げるからです
en-ja
Some women who develop breast cancer die from it many years later, and most women, thankfully, survive.
Certaines des femmes qui développent un cancer du sein en meurent plusieurs années plus tard. Et la plupart des femmes, heureusement, survivent.
en-fr
So it takes 10 or more years for any screening method to demonstrate a reduction in mortality from breast cancer.
Lleva 10 años o más demostrar que un método de detección reduce la mortalidad por cáncer de mama.
en-es
Mammography's the only one that's been around long enough to have a chance of making that claim.
유방조영술은 충분히 오랜동안 사용되어 (유방암으로 인한) 사망률을 감소시킨다고 주장할 수 있습니다.
en-ko
It is time for us to accept both the extraordinary successes of mammography and the limitations.
É tempo de aceitarmos tanto os sucessos extraordinários da mamografia como as suas limitações
en-pt
We need to individualize screening based on density.
Musíme vyšetrenie individualizovať na základe hustoty.
en-sk
For women without dense breasts, mammography is the best choice.
Meme yoğunluğu yüksek olmayan kadınlar için mammografi en iyi seçenek.
en-tr
But for women with dense breasts; we shouldn't abandon screening altogether, we need to offer them something better.
Però per les dones amb mames denses, no hauríem de deixar de fer aquestes proves, els hem d'oferir quelcom de millor.
en-ca
The babies that we were carrying when my patient first asked me this question are now both in middle school, and the answer has been so slow to come.
Děti, s kterými jsme obě byly těhotné, když mě pacientka položila tu otázku, jsou teď obě na střední škole a odpověď přicházela jen pomalu.
en-cs
She's given me her blessing to share this story with you.
היא נתנה לי את ברכתה לשתף אתכם בסיפור זה.
en-he
After undergoing biopsies that further increased her risk for cancer and losing her sister to cancer, she made the difficult decision to have a prophylactic mastectomy.
Depois de se submeter a biópsias que agravaram o seu risco de cancro e depois de perder a irmã para o cancro, ela tomou a difícil decisão de fazer uma mastectomia profilática.
en-pt
We can and must do better, not just in time for her granddaughters and my daughters, but in time for you.
Noi possiamo e dobbiamo fare meglio, non solo in tempo per le sue nipotine e le mie figlie, ma in tempo per voi stesse.
en-it
So the Awesome story: It begins about 40 years ago, when my mom and my dad came to Canada.
자, 그 놀라운 이야기입니다. 그것은 저희 어머니와 아버지가 캐나다로 왔던 40년 전에 시작합니다.
en-ko
My mom left Nairobi, Kenya.
Moja mama je napustila Nairobi u Keniji.
en-hr
My dad left a small village outside of Amritsar, India.
Татко ми дојде од мало село во близина на Амритсар, Индија.
en-mk
And they got here in the late 1960s.
Und sie kamen hier in den späten 1960ern an.
en-de
They settled in a shady suburb about an hour east of Toronto, and they settled into a new life.
Ils se sont installés dans une banlieue minable à environ une heure à l'est de Toronto. Et ils se sont installés dans une nouvelle vie.
en-fr
They saw their first dentist, they ate their first hamburger, and they had their first kids.
قابلوا طبيب الاسنان لاول مرة ورؤا الهمبرغر لأول مرة وأنجبوا الاطفال
en-ar
My sister and I grew up here, and we had quiet, happy childhoods.
मैं और मेरी बहन यहीं पले-बढ़े, और हमने शांत व सुखद बचपन बिताया.
en-hi
We had close family, good friends, a quiet street.
Имахме сплотено семейство, добри приятели, спокойна улица.
en-bg
We grew up taking for granted a lot of the things that my parents couldn't take for granted when they grew up -- things like power always on in our houses, things like schools across the street and hospitals down the road and popsicles in the backyard.
Dorastaliśmy, mając wiele rzeczy, na które nie mogli liczyć nasi rodzice, kiedy oni byli dziećmi, jak elektryczność w domu, jak elektryczność w domu, szkoły i szpitale na wyciągnięcie ręki szkoły i szpitale na wyciągnięcie ręki czy jedzenie lodów w ogródku.
en-pl
We grew up, and we grew older.
Пораснахме и станахме по-възрастни.
en-bg
I went to high school.
Šel jsem na střední,
en-cs
I graduated.
Αποφοίτησα.
en-el
I moved out of the house, I got a job, I found a girl, I settled down -- and I realize it sounds like a bad sitcom or a Cat Stevens' song -- (Laughter) but life was pretty good.
घर से बाहर निकला, नौकरी ढूंढी, प्रेम में पड़ा और सैटल हो गया - ऐसा लगता है जैसे ये किसी घटिया धारावाहिक या कैट स्टीवंस के गाने से सुनकर बोल रहा हूँ. (हंसी) लेकिन जिंदगी बढ़िया गुज़र रही थी.
en-hi
Life was pretty good.
Gyvenimas buvo tikrai geras.
en-lt
2006 was a great year.
2006 war ein tolles Jahr.
en-de
Under clear blue skies in July in the wine region of Ontario, I got married, surrounded by 150 family and friends.
Sous un ciel bleu en juillet dans la région viticole de l'Ontario, je me suis marié, entouré de 150 personnes de ma famille et de mes amis.
en-fr
2007 was a great year.
2007 bol skvelý rok.
en-sk
I graduated from school, and I went on a road trip with two of my closest friends.
از دانشگاه فارغ التحصیل شدم. و با دوتا از بهترین دوستانم رفتیم به یک مسافرت جاده ای.
en-fa
Here's a picture of me and my friend, Chris, on the coast of the Pacific Ocean.
Esta es una foto con mi amigo Chris en la costa del Océano Pacífico.
en-es
We actually saw seals out of our car window, and we pulled over to take a quick picture of them and then blocked them with our giant heads.
Z okénka našeho auta jsme viděli tuleně a hned jsme zastavili, abychom si je vyfotili a pak jsme je zakryli našimi velkými hlavami.
en-cs
(Laughter) So you can't actually see them, but it was breathtaking, believe me.
(Gelach) Dus je kan ze niet echt zien, maar het was adembenemend, geloof me maar.
en-nl
(Laughter) 2008 and 2009 were a little tougher.
(Rires) 2008 et 2009 ont été un peu plus dures.
en-fr
I know that they were tougher for a lot of people, not just me.
אני יודע שהן היו קשות להרבה אנשים, לא רק לי.
en-he
First of all, the news was so heavy.
Прежде всего, новости были очень печальными.
en-ru
It's still heavy now, and it was heavy before that, but when you flipped open a newspaper, when you turned on the TV, it was about ice caps melting, wars going on around the world, earthquakes, hurricanes and an economy that was wobbling on the brink of collapse, and then eventually did collapse, and so many of us losing our homes, or our jobs, or our retirements, or our livelihoods.
Sie sind immer noch erdrückend und so war es auch davor, aber wenn man die Zeitung aufschlug, wenn man das Fernsehen anstellte, ging es um schmelzende Eiskappen, Kriege, die überall auf der Welt tobten, Erdbeben, Wirbelstürme und eine Wirtschaft, die sich am Rande des Zusammenbruchs befand und dann letztendlich auch zusammenbrach und so viele von uns, die ihre Häuser verloren, oder unsere Jobs, oder unsere Altersvorsorge, oder unseren Lebensunterhalt.
en-de
2008, 2009 were heavy years for me for another reason, too.
2008년과 2009년은 제게는 또 다른 이유로 힘든 해였습니다.
en-ko
I was going through a lot of personal problems at the time.
Имав многу лични проблеми во тоа време.
en-mk
My marriage wasn't going well, and we just were growing further and further apart.
Môjmu manželstvu sa nedarilo, a čoraz viac sme sa od seba vzďaľovali.
en-sk
One day my wife came home from work and summoned the courage, through a lot of tears, to have a very honest conversation.
Jedného dňa prišla moja žena z práce domov a pozbierala všetku svoju odvahu, aby sme sa cez slzy úprimne porozprávali.
en-sk
And she said, "I don't love you anymore," and it was one of the most painful things I'd ever heard and certainly the most heartbreaking thing I'd ever heard, until only a month later, when I heard something even more heartbreaking.
Ve "Artık seni sevmiyorum." dedi Bu hayatımda duyduğum en acı verici şeylerden biriydi ki sadece 1 ay sonrasına dek de kesinlikle duyduğum en yürek parçalayıcı şeydi, ama sonra daha da yürek parçalayıcı bir şey duydum.
en-tr
My friend Chris, who I just showed you a picture of, had been battling mental illness for some time.
Min vän Chris, som jag nyss visade på bild, hade slagits mot psykisk ohälsa
en-sv
And for those of you whose lives have been touched by mental illness, you know how challenging it can be.
неко време се борио са менталном болешћу. Они од вас који имају искуства са менталним болестима знају колико то изазовно може бити.
en-sr