gowitheflow/parallel-talks-deduplicated · Datasets at Hugging Face

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I'm going to review a study that I did, which was jazz in an fMRI scanner.	现在我来介绍我做的一个研究是关于爵士的功能磁共振成像。	en-zh-cn
It was done with a colleague, Alan Braun, at the NIH.	Spolupracoval som s kolegom Alanom Braunom z Národného inštitútu zdravia.	en-sk
This is a short video of how we did this project.	Това е кратко видео за това как направихме този проект.	en-bg
(Video) Charles Limb: This is a plastic MIDI piano keyboard that we use for the jazz experiments.	(Video) Charles Limb: Asta e o claviatura de plastic MIDI pe care o folosim pentru experimentele de jazz.	en-ro
And it's a 35-key keyboard designed to fit both inside the scanner, be magnetically safe, have minimal interference that would contribute to any artifact, and have this cushion so that it can rest on the players' legs while they're lying down in the scanner, playing on their back.	وهو يملك 35 مفتاح موسيقياً ان هذا مصمم لكي يتم وضعه داخل الجهاز لكي يكون آمنٌ جداً ولكي لا يتدخل في عملية عمل الجهاز على الاطلاق ولديه هذه السندات لكي يمكن وضعه على ارجل العازف اثناء استلقائه على ظهره في الجهاز	en-ar
It works like this -- this doesn't actually produce any sound.	Şu şekilde çalışıyor -- bu aslında herhangi bir ses çıkartmıyor.	en-tr
It sends out what's called a MIDI signal -- or a Musical Instrument Digital Interface -- through these wires into the box and then the computer, which then trigger high-quality piano samples like this.	یک سیگنال میدی (MIDI) میفرستد -- که MIDI مخفف رابط دیجیتالی سازهای موسیقی است -- که این سیگنالها به کامپیوتر فرستاده میشوند که صدای پیانو را با کیفیت بالا تولید میکنند.	en-fa
(Music) (Music) (Music ends) OK, so it works.	(מוזיקה) (מוזיקה) או קיי, זה עובד.	en-he
And so through this piano keyboard, we have the means to take a musical process and study it.	그래서 이 피아노 키보드를 통해서, 이제 음악적 진행을 취해서 연구할 수 있는 수단을 가지게 되었습니다.	en-ko
So what do you do now that you have this cool piano keyboard?	אם כן, מה עושים עכשיו, כאשר יש לנו את המקלדת המגניבה הזאת?	en-he
You can't just say, "It's great we have a keyboard."	Arra gondolhatnak most - csodálatos, itt van ez billentyűzet. Ki is kell találnunk valamilyen tudományos kísérletet.	en-hu
We have to come up with a scientific experiment.	En wat houdt dat in?	en-nl
The experiment really rests on the following: What happens in the brain during something that's memorized and over-learned, and what happens in the brain during something that is spontaneously generated, or improvised, in a way that's matched motorically and in terms of lower-level sensory motor features?	暗記および復習したものを演奏しているときまた即興演奏をしているとき脳内では何が起こっているでしょうか？運動との一致や感覚運動機能レベルの観点ではどうでしょう？	en-ja
I have here what we call the paradigms.	I tako, imam ovde nešto što zovemo paradigme.	en-sr
There's a scale paradigm, which is playing a scale up and down, memorized, then there's improvising on a scale, quarter notes, metronome, right hand -- scientifically very safe, but musically really boring.	E depois há a improvisação numa escala — semínimas, metrónomo, direita — cientificamente muito seguro, mas musicalmente muito aborrecido.	en-pt
Then there's the bottom one, which is called the jazz paradigm.	و در آخر هم این الگوی جاز میباشد. حالا، کاری که ما کردیم این بود که نوازندگان حرفه ای جاز را به انستیتو ملی بهداشت (ان.آی.اچ) دعوت کردیم،	en-fa
So we brought professional jazz players to the NIH, and we had them memorize this piece of music on the lower-left, which is what you heard me playing -- and we had them improvise to the same chord changes.	e li abbiamo fatto memorizzare questo brano a sinistra, in basso -- quello che mi avete sentito suonare -- e abbiamo chiesto loro di improvvisare sulla stessa sequenza di accordi.	en-it
And if you can hit that lower-right sound icon, that's an example of what was recorded in the scanner.	És ha megnyomjuk a lejátszó ikont, akkor hallhatjuk, hogy mit is vettünk fel a szkennerben. (Zene)	en-hu
(Music) (Music ends) In the end, it's not the most natural environment, but they're able to play real music.	總而言之，這並不是最自然的環境，但是他們能夠演奏真實的音樂。雖然我已經把那段獨奏聽過200次了，	en-zh-tw
And I've listened to that solo 200 times, and I still like it.	여전히 그것을 좋아합니다.	en-ko
And the musicians were comfortable in the end.	وانهى الموسيقيون التجربة على ارتياح	en-ar
We first measured the number of notes.	لە پێشدا ژمارەی نۆتەکانمان بژارد	en-ku
Were they playing more notes when they were improvising?	Doğaçlama yaptıklarında aslında sadece çok daha fazla nota mı çalıyorlardı? Hayır, olan bu değildi.	en-tr
That was not what was going on.	hãy nhìn vào hoạt động của bộ não	en-vi
And then we looked at the brain activity.	Pokušat ću sažeti to za vas.	en-hr
I will try to condense this for you.	Esses são mapas de contraste que mostram subtrações	en-pt-br
These are contrast maps that are showing subtractions between what changes when you're improvising vs. when you're doing something memorized.	aközött, hogy mely területek aktivitása változik, amikor improvizálunk, szemben azzal, amikor valamit a memóriából játszunk.	en-hu
In red is an area that's active in the prefrontal cortex, the frontal lobe of the brain, and in blue is this area that was deactivated.	В червено е област, която е активна в префронталната кора на главния мозък, предния дял на мозъка. А в синьо е тази област, която е изключена. И така, имахме тази област на действие, наречена медиална префронтална кора,	en-bg
So we had this focal area called the medial prefrontal cortex that went way up in activity.	שבה הוגברה פעילות באופן משמעותי. יש לנו את אזור רחב שנקרא האונה הקדמית הצידית	en-he
We had this broad patch of area called the lateral prefrontal cortex that went way down in activity, I'll summarize that for you.	que registró muy poca actividad, y aquí se lo voy a resumir. Se trata de zonas multifuncionales del cerebro.	en-es
These are multifunctional areas of the brain, these are not the jazz areas of the brain.	Kao što volim reći, to nisu jazz područja mozga.	en-hr
They do a whole host of things that have to do with self-reflection, introspection, working memory etc.	Zajmują się całym mnóstwem rzeczy odnoszących się do autorefleksji, introspekcji, pamięci roboczej, i tak dalej. Prawdziwa sumienność jest usadowiona w przednim płacie.	en-pl
But we have this combination of an area that's thought to be involved in self-monitoring, turning off, and this area that's thought to be autobiographical, or self-expressive, turning on.	ولكن لدينا هذا التركيب من المنطقة التي يتوجب ان تكون مسؤولة عن المراقبة الذاتية .. وهي مطفئة وهذه المنطقة التي يعتقد انها مسؤولة عن الشخصية الذاتية او التعبير الذاتي .. وهي فعالة ونحن نعتقد .. وهذا مبدئي ..	en-ar
We think, at least in this preliminary -- it's one study; it's probably wrong, but it's one study -- (Laughter) we think that at least a reasonable hypothesis is that, to be creative, you should have this weird dissociation in your frontal lobe.	No je to len jedna štúdia, najskôr sa mýlime. Ale je to jedna štúdia. Takže je rozumné stanoviť hypotézu, že aby ste boli tvoriví, musíte mať túto zvláštnu disociáciu v čelovom laloku.	en-sk
One area turns on, and a big area shuts off, so that you're not inhibited, you're willing to make mistakes, so that you're not constantly shutting down all of these new generative impulses.	O zona se deschide, o zona mare se inchide, asa ca nu esti inhibat, esti dispus sa faci greseli, ca sa nu blochezi mereu toate aceste noi impulsuri generate.	en-ro
Now a lot of people know that music is not always a solo activity -- sometimes it's done communicatively.	والان .. الكثير من الناس يعلمون ان الموسيقى ليست أمرٌ " منفرد " وهي تتم عادة بصورة تناغمية .. لذا كان السؤال التالي ..	en-ar
The next question was: What happens when musicians are trading back and forth, something called "trading fours," which is something they do normally in a jazz experiment.	מה קורה כאשר נגנים עוסקים ב"סחר חליפין" דו-כיווני, דבר שלעיתים נקרא "סחר רביעיות", שזה משהו שעושים הרבה בניסוי ג'אז?	en-he
So this is a 12-bar blues, and I've broken it down into four-bar groups, so you would know how you would trade.	Questo è un blues a 12 battute. E l'ho qui diviso in gruppi di 4 battute, per capire come sarebbero scambiate.	en-it
We brought a musician into the scanner, same way, had them memorize this melody then had another musician out in the control room trading back and forth interactively.	کاری که ما کردیم این بود که یک موسیقی دان را به داخل دستگاه ام آر آی بردیم -- همان طور که قبلا دیدید. و به او گفته بودیم که این قطعه را حفظ کند و موسیقی دان دیگری را در اتاق کنترل گذاشتیم به نحوی که این دو به صورت زنده با هم پرسش و پاسخ داشتند.	en-fa
So this is a musician, Mike Pope, one of the world's best bassists and a fantastic piano player.	Dit is een muzikant, Mike Pope, een van 's werelds beste bassisten en een fantastische pianist.	en-nl
(Music) He's now playing the piece that we just saw a little better than I wrote it.	وە ئێستا پارچە میوزیکەکە دەژەنێت ئەوەی کە ئێستا دەیبینین تەنها تۆزێک باشتر لەوەی کە من نوسیبوم	en-ku
(Video) CL: Mike, come on in.	چارلز: مایک، بفرما داخل (مرد: خدا قوت)	en-fa
Mike Pope: May the force be with you.	Verpleegkundige: “Niets in je zakken, Mike?”	en-nl
Nurse: Nothing in your pockets, Mike?	Mike Pope: Ne.	en-hr
CL: You have to have the right attitude to agree to do it.	(Νοσοκόμα: ΟΚ.) Τσ.Λ: Χρειάζεται να έχεις τη σωστή διάθεση για να συμφωνήσεις σε αυτό. (Γέλιο)	en-el
(Laughter) It's kind of fun, actually.	(Risos) Até é divertido.	en-pt
(Music) Now we're playing back and forth.	Теперь мы играем, обмениваясь тактами. Он там.	en-ru
(Music) And then I'm in the control room here, playing back and forth.	ואני כאן בחדר הבקרה, מנגנים הלוך ושוב.	en-he
(Music) (Music ends) (Video) Mike Pope: This is a pretty good representation of what it's like.	♪♫ موسیقی ♫♪ مایک پوپ: این واقعا حس را القا میکند و اینکه چه جوری است.	en-fa
And it's good that it's not too quick.	I to dobrze, że nie jest to zbyt szybkie.	en-pl
The fact that we do it over and over again lets you acclimate to your surroundings.	繰り返し演奏することで環境にも慣れます	en-ja
So the hardest thing for me was the kinesthetic thing, looking at my hands through two mirrors, laying on my back, and not able to move at all except for my hand.	Donc la chose la plus dure à faire pour moi c'était le truc kinesthésique de regarder mes mains dans deux miroirs, en étant allongé sur le dos sans pouvoir bouger du tout à par mes mains.	en-fr
That was challenging.	그건 힘든 것이었습니다.	en-ko
But again -- there were moments, for sure -- (Laughter) there were moments of real, honest-to-God musical interplay, for sure.	ولی بازهم، قطعا لحظاتی بودند و آن هائی هم آمدند که واقعا خدا وکیلی تبادل موسیقیائی بود.	en-fa
CL: At this point, I'll take a few moments.	CL: Nesse momento, vou fazer uma pausa. E o que vocês estão vendo aqui –	en-pt-br
So what you're seeing here -- and I'm doing a cardinal sin in science, which is to show you preliminary data.	Si cu asta fac un pacat principial in stiinta, aratandu-va date prelimarii.	en-ro
This is one subject's data.	这只是一个实验的数据。	en-zh-cn
This is, in fact, Mike Pope's data.	Това са, всъщност, данните от Майк Поуп.	en-bg
So what am I showing you here?	Что же я вам показываю?	en-ru
When he was trading fours with me, improvising vs. memorized, his language areas lit up, his Broca's area, in the inferior frontal gyrus on the left.	Quando ele está a trocar quatros comigo, improvisação "versus" memória, a área linguística dele iluminou-se, a área de Broca, que é o giro frontal inferior na esquerda.	en-pt
He had it also homologous on the right.	بە هەمان شێوەی ئەوانەی هەبوو لەلای ڕاستی مێشکدا	en-ku
This is an area thought to be involved in expressive communication.	Ini adalah bagian yang dikira termasuk dalam komunikasi ekspresif.	en-id
This whole notion that music is a language -- maybe there's a neurologic basis to it after all, and we can see it when two musicians are having a musical conversation.	Esta noção de que a música é um idioma, que existe uma base neurológica para isso, podemos vê-lo quando dois músicos têm uma conversação musical.	en-pt
So we've done this on eight subjects now, and we're getting all the data together, hopefully we'll have something to say about it meaningfully.	I tak, zrobiliśmy to właściwie już na ośmiu podmiotach, i jesteśmy w trakcie zbierania wszystkich danych. Mamy więc nadzieję, że będziemy mieli do powiedzenia coś znaczącego. Teraz gdy myślę o improwizacji i o języku, co jest następne?	en-pl
Now when I think about improvisation and the language, what's next?	ڕاپ، بێ گومان ڕاپ	en-ku
Rap, of course, rap -- freestyle.	الراب الحر	en-ar
I've always been fascinated by freestyle.	Я всегда был очарован фристайлом.	en-ru
And let's play this video.	کەواتە بفەرموون با ئەم ڤیدۆیە لێ بدەین	en-ku
(Video) Mos Def: Brown skin I be, standing five-ten I be Rockin' it when I be, in your vicinity Whole-style synergy, recognize symmetry Go and try to injure me, broke 'em down chemically Ain't the number 10 MC, talk about how been I be Styled it like Kennedy, late like a 10 to three When I say when I be, girls say bend that key cut CL: So there's a lot of analogy between what takes place in freestyle rap and jazz.	(Vidéo) Mos Def : ♫ ... marron est ma peau, 1 mètre 78 de haut ♫ ♫ ça balance quand je suis, pas loin de toi ♫ ♫ une synergie sans concession, une symétrie flagrante ♫ ♫ essaye un peu de me blesser, je les ai brisés avec des produits ♫ ♫ Je suis pas le MC numéro 10, je parle de ce que je suis ♫ ♫ autant de style que Kennedy, autant de retard que trois heures moins dix ♫ ♫ quand je dis quand je serai là, les filles disent plie cette clé ♫ CL : Et il y a donc beaucoup d'analogies entre ce qui se passe dans le rap free-style et le jazz.	en-fr
There are a lot of correlates between the two forms of music, I think, in different time periods, in lot of ways, rap serves the same social function that jazz used to serve.	في الحقيقية هناك الكثير من التوافق بين هذين النوعين من الموسيقى لانه في بعض الفترات الزمنية خدم الراب الكثير من القضايا الاجتماعية التي كان الجاز يخدمها في فترة من الزمن	en-ar
So how do you study rap scientifically?	그러면 어떻게 랩을 과학적으로 연구하겠나요? 제 동료들은 제가 약간 미쳤다고 생각하지만,	en-ko
And my colleagues think I'm crazy, but I think it's very viable.	maar ik denk dat er wat in zit.	en-nl
This is what you do: You have a freestyle artist come and memorize a rap that you write for them, that they've never heard before, and then you have them freestyle.	ET donc voici ce qu'on fait : vous faites venir un artiste de free-style et vous lui faites mémoriser un rap que vous écrivez pour lui, et qu'il n'a jamais entendu avant, et vous lui faites faire du free-style.	en-fr
So I told my lab members that I would rap for TED, and they said, "No, you won't."	Ho detto ai miei colleghi che avrei fatto un rap qui a TED, e loro "No che non lo farai!" Quindi mi sono detto --	en-it
And then I thought -- (Laughter) (Applause) But here's the thing.	(Applaus) Hier komt het. Met dit grote scherm,	en-nl
With this big screen, you can all rap with me. OK?	Mit diesem großen Bildschirm können Sie alle mit uns rappen, O.K.	en-de
So what we had them do was memorize this lower-left sound icon, please.	Ok? Então o que fizemos ele fazer foi memorizar esse ícone embaixo à esquerda.	en-pt-br
This is the control condition. This is what they memorized.	这是控制的条件。这是他们记住的说唱。	en-zh-cn
Computer: Memory, thump.	Компютър: ♫ Памет, туп ♫ ЧЛ: ♫ Тупване на удара от познат рефрен ♫	en-bg
CL: Thump of the beat in a known repeat Rhythm and rhyme, they make me complete The climb is sublime when I'm on the mic Spittin' rhymes that hit you like a lightning strike Computer: Search.	♫ Col ritmo e con le rime io mi sento completo ♫ ♫ La scalata è sublime quando sono al microfono ♫ ♫ Che spara queste rime che colpiscono come un fulmine ♫ ♫ Cerco la verità in quest'eterna caccia ♫	en-it
CL: I search for the truth in this eternal quest My passion's not fashion, you can see how I'm dressed Psychopathic words in my head appear Whisper these lyrics only I can hear Computer: Art.	Tražim istinu u ovom večitom lutanju Moja strast nije moda, vidite kako sam obučen Psihopatske reči, pojavljuju se u glavi Pevam ove reči koje samo ja čujem Kompjuter: umetnost	en-sr
CL: The art of discovering and that which is hovering Inside the mind of those unconfined All of these words keep pouring out like rain I need a mad scientist to check my brain Computer: Stop.	♫ Sztuka odkrywania i tego co jest zawieszone ♫ ♫ W mym umyśle, jest nieograniczone ♫ ♫ Wszystkie te słowa wylewają się jak deszcz ♫ ♫ Potrzebuje szalonego naukowca by przebadał mi mózg ♫ (Oklaski)	en-pl
(Applause) I guarantee you that will never happen again.	Gwarantuje Wam, to się więcej nie powtórzy.	en-pl
(Laughter) So now, what's great about these free-stylers, they will get cued different words.	(Смях) И така, това, което е страхотно в тези фрийстайл рапове е, че те се получват от различни думи.	en-bg
They don't know what's coming, but they'll hear something off the cuff.	Ne znaju šta sledi, ali će čuti nešto.	en-sr
Go hit that right sound icon, there will be cued three square words: like, not and head.	Kliknu na tu zvučnu ikonu desno. Oni treba da budu stimulisani nekom od ove tri reči: sviđati, ne i glava.	en-sr
He doesn't know what's coming. Computer: Like.	Freistiler: ♫Ich bin wie eine Art von (unverständlich)♫	en-de
Freestyler: I'm like some kind of extraterrestrial, celestial scene Back in the days, I used to sit in pyramids and meditate With two microphones -- Computer: Head hovering over my head See if I could still listen, spittin' off the sound See what you grinning I teach the children in the back of the classroom About the message of apocalyptical Computer: Not.	گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫	en-ku
Not really though, 'cause I've got to keep it simple instrumental Detrimental playing Super Mario boxes [unclear] hip hop Computer: Stop.	♫ [confus] instrumental ♫ ♫ nuisible en jouant à Super Mario ♫ ♫ des boîtes [confus] hip hop ♫ CL : Donc encore une fois, une chose incroyable se passe.	en-fr
CL: It's an incredible thing that's taking place.	Това е правенето на нещо, което от неврологична точка, е забележително.	en-bg
It's doing something neurologically remarkable.	Que les guste esta música o no es irrelevante.	en-es
Whether or not you like the music is irrelevant.	Čo sa týka tvorivosti, je to fenomenálne.	en-sk
Creatively speaking, it's just a phenomenal thing.	Este é um pequeno vídeo de como fazemos isto dentro do "scanner".	en-pt
This is a short video of how we do this in a scanner.	( cười)	en-vi
[fMRI of Hip-Hop Rap] (Laughter) (Video) CL: We're here with Emmanuel.	(Clip) CL: Suntem aici cu Emmanuel. Apropo, asta a fost inregistrat in scaner.	en-ro
CL: That was recorded in the scanner, by the way.	(Video) CL: Esse é o Emmanuel no scanner.	en-pt-br
He's just memorized a rhyme for us.	Naučil sa pre nás jeden rap.	en-sk
[Control Condition Memorized Verses] Emmanuel: Top of the beat with no repeat Rhythm and rhyme make me complete Climb is sublime when I'm on the mic Spittin' rhymes that'll hit you like a lightning strike Computer: Search.	♫ מחזור הקצב, התוף הולם ♫ ♫ קצב וחרוז עושים אותי שלם ♫ ♫ מטפס לעננים, על הילוך הסרק ♫ ♫ יורק ת'חרוזים כמכות ברק ♫ ♫ "מחפש". מחפש ת'אמת במסע כיבוש ♫	en-he
I search for the truth in this eternal quest I'm passing on fashion; you can see how I'm dressed CL: I'm going to stop that there; so what do we see in his brain?	♫ "I'm passing on fashion; you can see how I'm dressed" ♫ CL: Ok. Vou parar aqui. O que é que se vê no cérebro dele?	en-pt
This is four rappers' brains.	这其实是四个说唱家的大脑记录。	en-zh-cn

I'm going to review a study that I did, which was jazz in an fMRI scanner.

现在我来介绍我做的一个研究是关于爵士的功能磁共振成像。

en-zh-cn

It was done with a colleague, Alan Braun, at the NIH.

Spolupracoval som s kolegom Alanom Braunom z Národného inštitútu zdravia.

en-sk

This is a short video of how we did this project.

Това е кратко видео за това как направихме този проект.

en-bg

(Video) Charles Limb: This is a plastic MIDI piano keyboard that we use for the jazz experiments.

(Video) Charles Limb: Asta e o claviatura de plastic MIDI pe care o folosim pentru experimentele de jazz.

en-ro

And it's a 35-key keyboard designed to fit both inside the scanner, be magnetically safe, have minimal interference that would contribute to any artifact, and have this cushion so that it can rest on the players' legs while they're lying down in the scanner, playing on their back.

وهو يملك 35 مفتاح موسيقياً ان هذا مصمم لكي يتم وضعه داخل الجهاز لكي يكون آمنٌ جداً ولكي لا يتدخل في عملية عمل الجهاز على الاطلاق ولديه هذه السندات لكي يمكن وضعه على ارجل العازف اثناء استلقائه على ظهره في الجهاز

en-ar

It works like this -- this doesn't actually produce any sound.

Şu şekilde çalışıyor -- bu aslında herhangi bir ses çıkartmıyor.

en-tr

It sends out what's called a MIDI signal -- or a Musical Instrument Digital Interface -- through these wires into the box and then the computer, which then trigger high-quality piano samples like this.

یک سیگنال میدی (MIDI) میفرستد -- که MIDI مخفف رابط دیجیتالی سازهای موسیقی است -- که این سیگنالها به کامپیوتر فرستاده میشوند که صدای پیانو را با کیفیت بالا تولید میکنند.

en-fa

(Music) (Music) (Music ends) OK, so it works.

(מוזיקה) (מוזיקה) או קיי, זה עובד.

en-he

And so through this piano keyboard, we have the means to take a musical process and study it.

그래서 이 피아노 키보드를 통해서, 이제 음악적 진행을 취해서 연구할 수 있는 수단을 가지게 되었습니다.

en-ko

So what do you do now that you have this cool piano keyboard?

אם כן, מה עושים עכשיו, כאשר יש לנו את המקלדת המגניבה הזאת?

en-he

You can't just say, "It's great we have a keyboard."

Arra gondolhatnak most - csodálatos, itt van ez billentyűzet. Ki is kell találnunk valamilyen tudományos kísérletet.

en-hu

We have to come up with a scientific experiment.

En wat houdt dat in?

en-nl

The experiment really rests on the following: What happens in the brain during something that's memorized and over-learned, and what happens in the brain during something that is spontaneously generated, or improvised, in a way that's matched motorically and in terms of lower-level sensory motor features?

暗記および復習したものを演奏しているときまた即興演奏をしているとき脳内では何が起こっているでしょうか？運動との一致や感覚運動機能レベルの観点ではどうでしょう？

en-ja

I have here what we call the paradigms.

I tako, imam ovde nešto što zovemo paradigme.

en-sr

There's a scale paradigm, which is playing a scale up and down, memorized, then there's improvising on a scale, quarter notes, metronome, right hand -- scientifically very safe, but musically really boring.

E depois há a improvisação numa escala — semínimas, metrónomo, direita — cientificamente muito seguro, mas musicalmente muito aborrecido.

en-pt

Then there's the bottom one, which is called the jazz paradigm.

و در آخر هم این الگوی جاز میباشد. حالا، کاری که ما کردیم این بود که نوازندگان حرفه ای جاز را به انستیتو ملی بهداشت (ان.آی.اچ) دعوت کردیم،

en-fa

So we brought professional jazz players to the NIH, and we had them memorize this piece of music on the lower-left, which is what you heard me playing -- and we had them improvise to the same chord changes.

e li abbiamo fatto memorizzare questo brano a sinistra, in basso -- quello che mi avete sentito suonare -- e abbiamo chiesto loro di improvvisare sulla stessa sequenza di accordi.

en-it

And if you can hit that lower-right sound icon, that's an example of what was recorded in the scanner.

És ha megnyomjuk a lejátszó ikont, akkor hallhatjuk, hogy mit is vettünk fel a szkennerben. (Zene)

en-hu

(Music) (Music ends) In the end, it's not the most natural environment, but they're able to play real music.

總而言之，這並不是最自然的環境，但是他們能夠演奏真實的音樂。雖然我已經把那段獨奏聽過200次了，

en-zh-tw

And I've listened to that solo 200 times, and I still like it.

여전히 그것을 좋아합니다.

en-ko

And the musicians were comfortable in the end.

وانهى الموسيقيون التجربة على ارتياح

en-ar

We first measured the number of notes.

لە پێشدا ژمارەی نۆتەکانمان بژارد

en-ku

Were they playing more notes when they were improvising?

Doğaçlama yaptıklarında aslında sadece çok daha fazla nota mı çalıyorlardı? Hayır, olan bu değildi.

en-tr

That was not what was going on.

hãy nhìn vào hoạt động của bộ não

en-vi

And then we looked at the brain activity.

Pokušat ću sažeti to za vas.

en-hr

I will try to condense this for you.

Esses são mapas de contraste que mostram subtrações

en-pt-br

These are contrast maps that are showing subtractions between what changes when you're improvising vs. when you're doing something memorized.

aközött, hogy mely területek aktivitása változik, amikor improvizálunk, szemben azzal, amikor valamit a memóriából játszunk.

en-hu

In red is an area that's active in the prefrontal cortex, the frontal lobe of the brain, and in blue is this area that was deactivated.

В червено е област, която е активна в префронталната кора на главния мозък, предния дял на мозъка. А в синьо е тази област, която е изключена. И така, имахме тази област на действие, наречена медиална префронтална кора,

en-bg

So we had this focal area called the medial prefrontal cortex that went way up in activity.

שבה הוגברה פעילות באופן משמעותי. יש לנו את אזור רחב שנקרא האונה הקדמית הצידית

en-he

We had this broad patch of area called the lateral prefrontal cortex that went way down in activity, I'll summarize that for you.

que registró muy poca actividad, y aquí se lo voy a resumir. Se trata de zonas multifuncionales del cerebro.

en-es

These are multifunctional areas of the brain, these are not the jazz areas of the brain.

Kao što volim reći, to nisu jazz područja mozga.

en-hr

They do a whole host of things that have to do with self-reflection, introspection, working memory etc.

Zajmują się całym mnóstwem rzeczy odnoszących się do autorefleksji, introspekcji, pamięci roboczej, i tak dalej. Prawdziwa sumienność jest usadowiona w przednim płacie.

en-pl

But we have this combination of an area that's thought to be involved in self-monitoring, turning off, and this area that's thought to be autobiographical, or self-expressive, turning on.

ولكن لدينا هذا التركيب من المنطقة التي يتوجب ان تكون مسؤولة عن المراقبة الذاتية .. وهي مطفئة وهذه المنطقة التي يعتقد انها مسؤولة عن الشخصية الذاتية او التعبير الذاتي .. وهي فعالة ونحن نعتقد .. وهذا مبدئي ..

en-ar

We think, at least in this preliminary -- it's one study; it's probably wrong, but it's one study -- (Laughter) we think that at least a reasonable hypothesis is that, to be creative, you should have this weird dissociation in your frontal lobe.

No je to len jedna štúdia, najskôr sa mýlime. Ale je to jedna štúdia. Takže je rozumné stanoviť hypotézu, že aby ste boli tvoriví, musíte mať túto zvláštnu disociáciu v čelovom laloku.

en-sk

One area turns on, and a big area shuts off, so that you're not inhibited, you're willing to make mistakes, so that you're not constantly shutting down all of these new generative impulses.

O zona se deschide, o zona mare se inchide, asa ca nu esti inhibat, esti dispus sa faci greseli, ca sa nu blochezi mereu toate aceste noi impulsuri generate.

en-ro

Now a lot of people know that music is not always a solo activity -- sometimes it's done communicatively.

والان .. الكثير من الناس يعلمون ان الموسيقى ليست أمرٌ " منفرد " وهي تتم عادة بصورة تناغمية .. لذا كان السؤال التالي ..

en-ar

The next question was: What happens when musicians are trading back and forth, something called "trading fours," which is something they do normally in a jazz experiment.

מה קורה כאשר נגנים עוסקים ב"סחר חליפין" דו-כיווני, דבר שלעיתים נקרא "סחר רביעיות", שזה משהו שעושים הרבה בניסוי ג'אז?

en-he

So this is a 12-bar blues, and I've broken it down into four-bar groups, so you would know how you would trade.

Questo è un blues a 12 battute. E l'ho qui diviso in gruppi di 4 battute, per capire come sarebbero scambiate.

en-it

We brought a musician into the scanner, same way, had them memorize this melody then had another musician out in the control room trading back and forth interactively.

کاری که ما کردیم این بود که یک موسیقی دان را به داخل دستگاه ام آر آی بردیم -- همان طور که قبلا دیدید. و به او گفته بودیم که این قطعه را حفظ کند و موسیقی دان دیگری را در اتاق کنترل گذاشتیم به نحوی که این دو به صورت زنده با هم پرسش و پاسخ داشتند.

en-fa

So this is a musician, Mike Pope, one of the world's best bassists and a fantastic piano player.

Dit is een muzikant, Mike Pope, een van 's werelds beste bassisten en een fantastische pianist.

en-nl

(Music) He's now playing the piece that we just saw a little better than I wrote it.

وە ئێستا پارچە میوزیکەکە دەژەنێت ئەوەی کە ئێستا دەیبینین تەنها تۆزێک باشتر لەوەی کە من نوسیبوم

en-ku

(Video) CL: Mike, come on in.

چارلز: مایک، بفرما داخل (مرد: خدا قوت)

en-fa

Mike Pope: May the force be with you.

Verpleegkundige: “Niets in je zakken, Mike?”

en-nl

Nurse: Nothing in your pockets, Mike?

Mike Pope: Ne.

en-hr

CL: You have to have the right attitude to agree to do it.

(Νοσοκόμα: ΟΚ.) Τσ.Λ: Χρειάζεται να έχεις τη σωστή διάθεση για να συμφωνήσεις σε αυτό. (Γέλιο)

en-el

(Laughter) It's kind of fun, actually.

(Risos) Até é divertido.

en-pt

(Music) Now we're playing back and forth.

Теперь мы играем, обмениваясь тактами. Он там.

en-ru

(Music) And then I'm in the control room here, playing back and forth.

ואני כאן בחדר הבקרה, מנגנים הלוך ושוב.

en-he

(Music) (Music ends) (Video) Mike Pope: This is a pretty good representation of what it's like.

♪♫ موسیقی ♫♪ مایک پوپ: این واقعا حس را القا میکند و اینکه چه جوری است.

en-fa

And it's good that it's not too quick.

I to dobrze, że nie jest to zbyt szybkie.

en-pl

The fact that we do it over and over again lets you acclimate to your surroundings.

繰り返し演奏することで環境にも慣れます

en-ja

So the hardest thing for me was the kinesthetic thing, looking at my hands through two mirrors, laying on my back, and not able to move at all except for my hand.

Donc la chose la plus dure à faire pour moi c'était le truc kinesthésique de regarder mes mains dans deux miroirs, en étant allongé sur le dos sans pouvoir bouger du tout à par mes mains.

en-fr

That was challenging.

그건 힘든 것이었습니다.

en-ko

But again -- there were moments, for sure -- (Laughter) there were moments of real, honest-to-God musical interplay, for sure.

ولی بازهم، قطعا لحظاتی بودند و آن هائی هم آمدند که واقعا خدا وکیلی تبادل موسیقیائی بود.

en-fa

CL: At this point, I'll take a few moments.

CL: Nesse momento, vou fazer uma pausa. E o que vocês estão vendo aqui –

en-pt-br

So what you're seeing here -- and I'm doing a cardinal sin in science, which is to show you preliminary data.

Si cu asta fac un pacat principial in stiinta, aratandu-va date prelimarii.

en-ro

This is one subject's data.

这只是一个实验的数据。

en-zh-cn

This is, in fact, Mike Pope's data.

Това са, всъщност, данните от Майк Поуп.

en-bg

So what am I showing you here?

Что же я вам показываю?

en-ru

When he was trading fours with me, improvising vs. memorized, his language areas lit up, his Broca's area, in the inferior frontal gyrus on the left.

Quando ele está a trocar quatros comigo, improvisação "versus" memória, a área linguística dele iluminou-se, a área de Broca, que é o giro frontal inferior na esquerda.

en-pt

He had it also homologous on the right.

بە هەمان شێوەی ئەوانەی هەبوو لەلای ڕاستی مێشکدا

en-ku

This is an area thought to be involved in expressive communication.

Ini adalah bagian yang dikira termasuk dalam komunikasi ekspresif.

en-id

This whole notion that music is a language -- maybe there's a neurologic basis to it after all, and we can see it when two musicians are having a musical conversation.

Esta noção de que a música é um idioma, que existe uma base neurológica para isso, podemos vê-lo quando dois músicos têm uma conversação musical.

en-pt

So we've done this on eight subjects now, and we're getting all the data together, hopefully we'll have something to say about it meaningfully.

I tak, zrobiliśmy to właściwie już na ośmiu podmiotach, i jesteśmy w trakcie zbierania wszystkich danych. Mamy więc nadzieję, że będziemy mieli do powiedzenia coś znaczącego. Teraz gdy myślę o improwizacji i o języku, co jest następne?

en-pl

Now when I think about improvisation and the language, what's next?

ڕاپ، بێ گومان ڕاپ

en-ku

Rap, of course, rap -- freestyle.

الراب الحر

en-ar

I've always been fascinated by freestyle.

Я всегда был очарован фристайлом.

en-ru

And let's play this video.

کەواتە بفەرموون با ئەم ڤیدۆیە لێ بدەین

en-ku

(Video) Mos Def: Brown skin I be, standing five-ten I be Rockin' it when I be, in your vicinity Whole-style synergy, recognize symmetry Go and try to injure me, broke 'em down chemically Ain't the number 10 MC, talk about how been I be Styled it like Kennedy, late like a 10 to three When I say when I be, girls say bend that key cut CL: So there's a lot of analogy between what takes place in freestyle rap and jazz.

(Vidéo) Mos Def : ♫ ... marron est ma peau, 1 mètre 78 de haut ♫ ♫ ça balance quand je suis, pas loin de toi ♫ ♫ une synergie sans concession, une symétrie flagrante ♫ ♫ essaye un peu de me blesser, je les ai brisés avec des produits ♫ ♫ Je suis pas le MC numéro 10, je parle de ce que je suis ♫ ♫ autant de style que Kennedy, autant de retard que trois heures moins dix ♫ ♫ quand je dis quand je serai là, les filles disent plie cette clé ♫ CL : Et il y a donc beaucoup d'analogies entre ce qui se passe dans le rap free-style et le jazz.

en-fr

There are a lot of correlates between the two forms of music, I think, in different time periods, in lot of ways, rap serves the same social function that jazz used to serve.

في الحقيقية هناك الكثير من التوافق بين هذين النوعين من الموسيقى لانه في بعض الفترات الزمنية خدم الراب الكثير من القضايا الاجتماعية التي كان الجاز يخدمها في فترة من الزمن

en-ar

So how do you study rap scientifically?

그러면 어떻게 랩을 과학적으로 연구하겠나요? 제 동료들은 제가 약간 미쳤다고 생각하지만,

en-ko

And my colleagues think I'm crazy, but I think it's very viable.

maar ik denk dat er wat in zit.

en-nl

This is what you do: You have a freestyle artist come and memorize a rap that you write for them, that they've never heard before, and then you have them freestyle.

ET donc voici ce qu'on fait : vous faites venir un artiste de free-style et vous lui faites mémoriser un rap que vous écrivez pour lui, et qu'il n'a jamais entendu avant, et vous lui faites faire du free-style.

en-fr

So I told my lab members that I would rap for TED, and they said, "No, you won't."

Ho detto ai miei colleghi che avrei fatto un rap qui a TED, e loro "No che non lo farai!" Quindi mi sono detto --

en-it

And then I thought -- (Laughter) (Applause) But here's the thing.

(Applaus) Hier komt het. Met dit grote scherm,

en-nl

With this big screen, you can all rap with me. OK?

Mit diesem großen Bildschirm können Sie alle mit uns rappen, O.K.

en-de

So what we had them do was memorize this lower-left sound icon, please.

Ok? Então o que fizemos ele fazer foi memorizar esse ícone embaixo à esquerda.

en-pt-br

This is the control condition. This is what they memorized.

这是控制的条件。这是他们记住的说唱。

en-zh-cn

Computer: Memory, thump.

Компютър: ♫ Памет, туп ♫ ЧЛ: ♫ Тупване на удара от познат рефрен ♫

en-bg

CL: Thump of the beat in a known repeat Rhythm and rhyme, they make me complete The climb is sublime when I'm on the mic Spittin' rhymes that hit you like a lightning strike Computer: Search.

♫ Col ritmo e con le rime io mi sento completo ♫ ♫ La scalata è sublime quando sono al microfono ♫ ♫ Che spara queste rime che colpiscono come un fulmine ♫ ♫ Cerco la verità in quest'eterna caccia ♫

en-it

CL: I search for the truth in this eternal quest My passion's not fashion, you can see how I'm dressed Psychopathic words in my head appear Whisper these lyrics only I can hear Computer: Art.

Tražim istinu u ovom večitom lutanju Moja strast nije moda, vidite kako sam obučen Psihopatske reči, pojavljuju se u glavi Pevam ove reči koje samo ja čujem Kompjuter: umetnost

en-sr

CL: The art of discovering and that which is hovering Inside the mind of those unconfined All of these words keep pouring out like rain I need a mad scientist to check my brain Computer: Stop.

♫ Sztuka odkrywania i tego co jest zawieszone ♫ ♫ W mym umyśle, jest nieograniczone ♫ ♫ Wszystkie te słowa wylewają się jak deszcz ♫ ♫ Potrzebuje szalonego naukowca by przebadał mi mózg ♫ (Oklaski)

en-pl

(Applause) I guarantee you that will never happen again.

Gwarantuje Wam, to się więcej nie powtórzy.

en-pl

(Laughter) So now, what's great about these free-stylers, they will get cued different words.

(Смях) И така, това, което е страхотно в тези фрийстайл рапове е, че те се получват от различни думи.

en-bg

They don't know what's coming, but they'll hear something off the cuff.

Ne znaju šta sledi, ali će čuti nešto.

en-sr

Go hit that right sound icon, there will be cued three square words: like, not and head.

Kliknu na tu zvučnu ikonu desno. Oni treba da budu stimulisani nekom od ove tri reči: sviđati, ne i glava.

en-sr

He doesn't know what's coming. Computer: Like.

Freistiler: ♫Ich bin wie eine Art von (unverständlich)♫

en-de

Freestyler: I'm like some kind of extraterrestrial, celestial scene Back in the days, I used to sit in pyramids and meditate With two microphones -- Computer: Head hovering over my head See if I could still listen, spittin' off the sound See what you grinning I teach the children in the back of the classroom About the message of apocalyptical Computer: Not.

گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫ گۆرانی ڕاپ ♫

en-ku

Not really though, 'cause I've got to keep it simple instrumental Detrimental playing Super Mario boxes [unclear] hip hop Computer: Stop.

♫ [confus] instrumental ♫ ♫ nuisible en jouant à Super Mario ♫ ♫ des boîtes [confus] hip hop ♫ CL : Donc encore une fois, une chose incroyable se passe.

en-fr

CL: It's an incredible thing that's taking place.

Това е правенето на нещо, което от неврологична точка, е забележително.

en-bg

It's doing something neurologically remarkable.

Que les guste esta música o no es irrelevante.

en-es

Whether or not you like the music is irrelevant.

Čo sa týka tvorivosti, je to fenomenálne.

en-sk

Creatively speaking, it's just a phenomenal thing.

Este é um pequeno vídeo de como fazemos isto dentro do "scanner".

en-pt

This is a short video of how we do this in a scanner.

( cười)

en-vi

[fMRI of Hip-Hop Rap] (Laughter) (Video) CL: We're here with Emmanuel.

(Clip) CL: Suntem aici cu Emmanuel. Apropo, asta a fost inregistrat in scaner.

en-ro

CL: That was recorded in the scanner, by the way.

(Video) CL: Esse é o Emmanuel no scanner.

en-pt-br

He's just memorized a rhyme for us.

Naučil sa pre nás jeden rap.

en-sk

[Control Condition Memorized Verses] Emmanuel: Top of the beat with no repeat Rhythm and rhyme make me complete Climb is sublime when I'm on the mic Spittin' rhymes that'll hit you like a lightning strike Computer: Search.

♫ מחזור הקצב, התוף הולם ♫ ♫ קצב וחרוז עושים אותי שלם ♫ ♫ מטפס לעננים, על הילוך הסרק ♫ ♫ יורק ת'חרוזים כמכות ברק ♫ ♫ "מחפש". מחפש ת'אמת במסע כיבוש ♫

en-he

I search for the truth in this eternal quest I'm passing on fashion; you can see how I'm dressed CL: I'm going to stop that there; so what do we see in his brain?

♫ "I'm passing on fashion; you can see how I'm dressed" ♫ CL: Ok. Vou parar aqui. O que é que se vê no cérebro dele?

en-pt

This is four rappers' brains.

这其实是四个说唱家的大脑记录。

en-zh-cn