gowitheflow/parallel-talks-deduplicated · Datasets at Hugging Face

english stringlengths 2 3.06k	non_english stringlengths 1 2.84k	language stringclasses 52 values
All around the world, people prefer mates who are kind and generous and capable and willing to care for mates and offspring.	全世界的人都喜歡心地善良大方慷慨、能力出眾，且願意照顧伴侶和小孩的人	en-zh-tw
In one of the largest cross-cultural studies of human mate preferences ever conducted, covering 33 countries shown in red here, the single most important mate choice criterion to both men and women, was mutual love and attraction.	באחד המחקרים הבין-תרבותיים הגדולים ביותר שנערכו על העדפות זוגיות בבני אדם, שכיסה 33 מדינות המסומנות כאן באדום, הקריטריון החשוב ביותר בבן זוג, לגברים ולנשים כאחד, היה אהבה הדדית ומשיכה.	en-he
But as you also know, people are not always perfectly faithful to their mates.	אבל כפי שאתם יודעים, אנשים לא תמיד שומרים על נאמנות זוגית מלאה.	en-he
And in particular, women sometimes face a tradeoff between good genes and investment.	進一步來說，女性偶爾得面臨優秀基因和充足資源之間的取捨	en-zh-tw
Women sometimes find themselves in relationships with men who may be caring providers, but may not possess the best quality genes for offspring making them strong and healthy.	Mulheres muitas vezes se encontram numa relação com um homem que pode ser provedor de cuidados, mas que pode não possuir os melhores genes para filhos fortes e saudáveis.	en-pt-br
And several features of women's mating psychology seem to have evolved, in part, to resolve this trade off.	E muitas características da psicologia reprodutiva feminina parecem ter evoluído, em parte, pra resolver esse impasse.	en-pt-br
And I mean, recruiting genes, if you will, from outside of the long-term relationship.	我指的是在長期親密關係外尋求更優秀的基因	en-zh-tw
For example, women have more sexual fantasies about men other than their long-term partner, during the fertile part of the cycle, and that's particularly true if the long-term partner has physical signs of being lower in genetic quality, like he's less physically attractive.	לדוגמא, לנשים יש יותר פנטזיות מיניות על גברים שאינם בני זוגם כשהן בשלב הפורה של המחזור, ביחוד אם לבן הזוג הקבוע ישנם סימנים פיזיים המעידים על איכות גנטית נמוכה, למשל שהוא פחות מושך פיזית.	en-he
I think that's interesting. (Laughter) That's why I'm talking about it, I hope you do too.	我覺得這很有意思（笑聲）這正是為什麼我要討論這點希望各位也這麼覺得	en-zh-tw
And women's mate preferences similarly change over the cycle so that they prefer more dominant, more masculine males during the fertile part of the cycle.	וההעדפות הזוגיות של נשים גם משתנות לאורך המחזור, כך שהן מעדיפות גברים יותר דומיננטיים וגבריים בחלק הפורה של המחזור.	en-he
These are results of a study that I conducted on women's preferences for men's voices.	Esses são os resultados de um estudo que conduzi na preferência das mulheres pela voz dos homens.	en-pt-br
And I used computer software to manipulate recordings of men's voices to make them sound either more masculine or more dominant, or more subordinate, more feminine.	Usei um software de computador para manipular a gravação de vozes masculinas para parecerem ainda mais masculinas e dominantes ou mais submissas, mais femininas.	en-pt-br
And I had women rate them on how attractive would this man be for a short-term, purely sexual relationship, and for a long-term committed relationship?	Pedi para mulheres avaliarem o quão atraente determinado homem seria para uma relação curta, puramente sexual, e para uma relação duradoura.	en-pt-br
And I also got information about where women were in their cycles.	我同時也詢問女性受試者正處於生理變化週期的什麼階段	en-zh-tw
Were they in the fertile or non-fertile part of the cycle?	是否處於排卵期或非排卵期？	en-zh-tw
These were all women not taking hormonal contraception.	Nenhuma delas usava contraceptivos hormonais.	en-pt-br
And what I found was that women preferred a more masculine, dominant-sounding voice, specifically in the fertile point of the cycle, and only for a sexual relationship versus a long-term committed relationship.	Descobri que elas preferem uma voz mais masculina, que soa mais dominante, especificamente no período fértil, e apenas para uma relação sexual ao invés de uma relação duradoura.	en-pt-br
Now, this sounds like science fiction, but it's science, fact.	עכשיו, זה נשמע כמו מדע בדיוני, אבל זה מדע, עובדה.	en-he
Because this result has been shown lots of times across a variety of domains from women's preferences for men's voices, that this result was replicated by another lab.	כי התוצאה הזו תועדה פעמים רבות במגוון תחומים כולל העדפות לקולות של גברים, וזה נמצא גם במעבדה אחרת,	en-he
Women's preferences for men's faces, bodies, odors, and even behavior.	到女性對男性臉孔、身材氣味、甚至行為的偏好等皆是如此	en-zh-tw
Well, I said that we would get to orgasm. (Laughter) And we're there.	טוב, אמרתי שבסוף נגיע לאורגזמה. (צחוק) והגענו.	en-he
I just want to start by saying I'm for it. (Laughter) I'm pro-orgasm.	我最想說的是我完全贊成高潮（笑聲）我是高潮的支持者	en-zh-tw
I think more people should have more orgasms.	Acho que mais pessoas deveriam ter mais orgasmos.	en-pt-br
But from a scientific perspective, women's orgasm is especially fascinating because there's evidence indicating that it increases the probability that conception will result from an act of sex.	但從科學角度而言女性高潮特別引人入勝因為證據顯示它會增加性行為的受孕機會	en-zh-tw
There's evidence that it brings sperm up through the female reproductive tract and toward the egg.	Existem evidências de que ele atrai o esperma pelo trato reprodutivo feminino levando-o em direção ao óvulo.	en-pt-br
And think about what the implications here could be.	Pensem em quais implicações poderíamos ter aqui.	en-pt-br
If women were more likely to have orgasms with some men than others, then this could be a mechanism by which they choose, not consciously, to be fertilized by some males and not others.	如果女性與某些男性做愛時較易高潮這或許會使得女性無意識地選擇懷下這些男性而非其他男性的小孩	en-zh-tw
And wouldn't you predict that women would be more likely to have orgasms with males of high genetic quality?	E não acham que seria justo prever que mulheres seriam mais propensas a ter orgasmos com homens de maior qualidade genética?	en-pt-br
And in fact, a study by my lab published just a couple of years ago found that women reported more orgasms, earlier timed orgasms, that is, they were easier to achieve, they achieved them more quickly, when they were having sex when their mate was more masculine and more dominant, and what's interesting is that this was true only for their orgasms from sexual intercourse, but not from other partnered sexual behaviors.	E de fato, um estudo do meu laboratório publicado alguns anos atrás descobriu que mulheres relatam mais orgasmos, mais orgasmos prematuros, isto é, mais fáceis de serem atingidos, elas o atingiram mais rápido, quando elas estavam fazendo sexo com um parceiro mais masculino e mais dominante. E o interessante é que isso só ocorre para orgasmos com penetração, mas não outros tipos de comportamento sexual.	en-pt-br
I'll let you use your imagination what those might be.	אשאיר את זה לדמיון שלכם.	en-he
So we've seen that thinking like an evolutionist can enable us to predict things about ourselves that we did not already know, and would not likely have guessed for a long time.	אז ראינו שחשיבה כמו אבולוציוניסט מאפשרת לנו לנבא דברים על עצמנו שלא ידענו קודם, ולא היינו מנחשים זמן רב.	en-he
We didn't know that women's mate preferences changed over the cycle.	לא ידענו שההעדפות הזוגיות של נשים משתנות במהלך המחזור.	en-he
Until evolutionary thinking led us to that discovery.	até que o pensamento evolutivo nos levou a essa descoberta.	en-pt-br
So that's one point that I want to make.	這正是我要傳達的重點之一	en-zh-tw
But we've also seen how evolutionary thinking can clarify and unite diverse parts of the human experience, and help us understand the best and the worst of ourselves, from violence and aggression and infidelity to men's care for their children, sexual attraction, sexual pleasure, and even the strength and fragility of romantic love.	演化論觀點也能釐清和整合許多看似不相關的人類經驗並協助我們了解自己的優缺點從暴力、侵略性和不忠於伴侶到男性的育兒行為性的吸引力、性的喜悅再到親密關係的強韌和脆弱等	en-zh-tw
You don't like to be surprised.	Davvero non volete farvi sorprendere	en-it
And it's not a diet.	וזו לא דיאטה.	en-he
We also found the more people changed, the better they got.	גילינו גם שככל שאנשים מתנהגים אחרת, כך מצבם משתפר.	en-he
One woman said, "I've got 20 friends in this pack of cigarettes.	וכמו שאשה אחת אמרה, "יש לי 20 חברים בקופסת הסיגריות הזאת,	en-he
How many of you are dog people?	כמה מכם הם אנשי כלבים?	en-he
A show of hands.	תרימו ידיים.	en-he
Excellent!	Excelente!	en-pt-br
How about cat people?	E quanto aos fãs de gatos?	en-pt-br
OK, you guys can go to the break early.	אוקיי, אתם יכולים לצאת מוקדם להפסקה.	en-he
(Laughter) So, of the dog people and the cat people who want to be dog people, (Laughter) how many of you have thought, "Wouldn't it be great to know what my dog is thinking?"	(Risos) Então, dos amantes de cachorros e dos amantes de gatos que querem ser amantes de cães, (Risos) quantos de vocês já pensaram: "Não seria incrível saber o que meu cão está pensando?"	en-pt-br
I think everyone else already knows what their dog is thinking, right?	Acho que sabemos o que nossos cães estão pensando, certo?	en-pt-br
I got into this project, and I'm going to tell you a little bit about how - This is basically a stupid dog trick story.	נכנסתי לפרויקט כלשהו, ואני אספר לכם מעט כיצד -- זה בעקרון סיפור טפשי של טריק של כלבים.	en-he
It really started with this dog named Newton, who was really my favorite dog.	זה באמת התחיל עם הכלב הזה, ששמו ניוטון, שהיה באמת הכלב האהוב עליי.	en-he
I've had many dogs through my life, but Newton was my favorite, and he lived to be about 15 years old.	Eu tive vários ao longo da vida, mas Newton era o meu favorito, e ele viveu até os 15 anos.	en-pt-br
After he passed away, I thought, I have these tools, this MRI machine, that I have been using for decades to study human decision making and what motivates people, why haven't we used this on other animals?	Depois que ele faleceu, eu pensei que uso a ressonância magnética há décadas para estudar tomada de decisões humanas e o que motiva as pessoas. Por que não usamos isso em outros animais?	en-pt-br
Certainly, other animals have many of the same feelings and motivations that people do.	ברור שלחיות אחרות יש הרבה מאותן הרגשות ומניעים שיש לבני אדם.	en-he
But this is kind of an area of science that people don't like to talk about.	אבל זה תחום מדעי שאנשים לא אוהבים לדבר עליו.	en-he
So I embarked on this project about four years ago to try to figure out what dogs think, and specifically what dogs think of us.	Então, comecei esse projeto cerca de quatro anos atrás para descobrir o que os cães pensam, especialmente o que pensam sobre nós.	en-pt-br
If we're talking about humans, we have kind of two ways we can think about what other people are thinking: we can either ask them, and sometimes they will tell us if they know, and they want us to know what they are thinking; or we can observe actions, we can observe behaviors, we can try to infer things about what people are thinking from their actions.	Quando falamos em humanos, temos duas formas de saber o que as pessoas estão pensando: podemos perguntar a elas, e às vezes elas nos dirão, se souberem, e se quiserem que saibamos o que estão pensando; ou podemos observar ações, nós podemos observar comportamentos, tentar deduzir o que estão pensando por meio de suas ações.	en-pt-br
With animals, and dogs, of course, we can't really ask them.	Com animais, e cachorros, não podemos perguntar.	en-pt-br
We can ask them, and we may think that they tell us, but we really don't know what they're thinking.	אנחנו יכולים לשאול אותם, ואנחנו עשויים לחשוב שהם אומרים לנו, אבל אנחנו לא באמת יודעים מה הם חושבים.	en-he
So we're kind of left with their behaviors: we can observe their actions, and we can try to infer what they are thinking.	אז נשארנו רק עם ההתנהגויות שלהם: אנחנו יכולים לצפות בפעולות שלהם, ולנסות להסיק מה הם חושבים.	en-he
This is the foundation of behaviorism, and it's been around since Pavlov.	זה הבסיס של ביהביוריזם, והוא קיים מאז פאבלוב.	en-he
But there are, of course, very tricky issues here, and humans being humans, we tend to anthropomorphize everything.	אבל יש כאן עניינים בעייתיים מאד, כמובן, וכבני אדם, אנחנו מנסים לנתח כל דבר בצורה אנתרופולוגית.	en-he
It's kind of in this area that I became very interested in intrigued with the possibility of trying to figure out what dogs are thinking by using MRI.	Эта область не исключение, поэтому меня заинтересовала возможность использования МРТ для чтения мыслей собак.	en-ru
The technique is straightforward. It's been around for decades.	Метод очень простой и используется десятилетиями.	en-ru
The idea is: if we were studying a human, we would put a human in an MRI, have them do some type of task, and we'd measure blood flow or brain activity and then try to figure out what parts of the brain do what.	Идея такова: для исследования людей мы помещаем их в аппарат МРТ, даём определённое задание и фиксируем изменения кровотока и мозговой активности, чтобы затем попытаться выяснить, какая часть мозга за что отвечает.	en-ru
Very straightforward, if you've had an MRI, it's not terribly pleasant, but people will do it.	Те, кто проходил МРТ, знают, что это простая процедура, хоть немного и неприятная, но вполне посильная человеку.	en-ru
How do we do this with other animals? How do we do it with a dog?	Но как быть с животными? Как провернуть это с собакой?	en-ru
I'm going to show you what we found.	אני אראה לכם מה מצאנו.	en-he
Here's a short video.	הנה סרטון קצר.	en-he
It's a what we call our training video, and it demonstrates how we did this.	Мы называем его обучающим, и оно демонстрирует, как мы это сделали.	en-ru
Before I start it, you're going to see two dogs in this video.	В этом видео вы увидите двух собак.	en-ru
The first dog, Callie, is my dog.	Первая — моя собака Калли.	en-ru
She was actually the replacement for Newton.	היא זו שהחליפה את ניוטון.	en-he
She was adopted here in Atlanta from the Humane Society.	Ela foi adotada aqui em Atlanta, num abrigo de cães.	en-pt-br
We loved Newton so much; we could never get another pug, so Callie is the anti-pug.	Мы очень сильно любили Ньютона и никогда не взяли бы другого мопса, а Калли как раз совсем не похожа на мопса.	en-ru
The other dog is McKenzie, a border collie.	A outra cadela é a Mckenzie, uma border collie.	en-pt-br
We just kind of get right into it.	אנחנו פשוט נתחיל.	en-he
I'll narrate as we go along.	אני אקריין ככל שהסרטון מתקדם.	en-he
[Callie - Introduction to head coil] This's Mark Spivak.	[Калли — Знакомство с головной катушкой] Это Марк Спивак.	en-ru
He's my partner in this endeavor, he's a dog trainer.	meu colega nesse desafio, um treinador de cães.	en-pt-br
The first thing that we had to do is figure out how do we get dogs to go into a tube, to put a head coil around their head to pick up the brain waves, and hold absolutely still.	הדבר הראשון שהיינו צריכים לעשות הוא להבין איך לשכנע כלבים להכנס לתוך צינור, לשים סליל סביב הראש שלהם כדי שיקלוט את גלי המוח, ולעמוד יציב לגמרי.	en-he
What you are seeing here, is that Callie is not a particularly obedient dog; she has no particularly special skills.	מה שאתם רואים כאן הוא שקאלי היא לא בדיוק כלבה צייתנית; אין לה כישורים ייחודיים.	en-he
But she does have one very good trait, and that is: she likes hot dogs.	Mas tem uma ótima característica: ela gosta de cachorro-quente.	en-pt-br
Mark is doing what we call clicker training.	Mark está fazendo um adestramento com som.	en-pt-br
Every time she approximates what we want her to do, he clicks, and then she gets a hot dog.	בכל פעם שהיא מתקרבת למה שהוא רוצה שהיא תעשה, הוא מקליק, ואז היא מקבלת נקניקיה.	en-he
This's the very first time she's been introduced to the thing we call the head coil, and we didn't know at this point whether this was even going to be possible.	Тут она впервые знакомится с так называемой головной катушкой. В тот момент мы понятия не имели, насколько всё это осуществимо.	en-ru
[McKenzie - Introduction to head coil] This dog, McKenzie, a border collie, is highly trained.	[מקנזי - מתוודעת לסליל הראש] הכלבה הזו, מקנזי, בורדר קולי היא מאולפת מאד	en-he
She's very skilled in agility, and her owner, as you'll see, gets her to sit in this coil very quickly.	Ela aprende com rapidez, e sua dona, como vemos, a coloca na bobina rapidamente.	en-pt-br
(Video) Dog owner: Good girl!	(Vídeo) Dona: Boa garota!	en-pt-br
Is she too far out now?	Пролезла слишком глубоко?	en-ru
(Video) Gregory Berns: Yeah, basically, we are looking for the brain case to be in the center, right there.	(סרטון) גרגורי ברנס: כן, בעקרון אנחנו רוצים שקופסת המוח תהיה במרכז, בדיוק שם.	en-he
(On stage) GB: If you've had an MRI, you know that you're told not to move, right?	(Palco) Gregory Berns: Se já fizeram uma ressonância magnética, sabem que nos pedem para ficarmos parados, certo?	en-pt-br
This is the big challenge of doing this.	Esse é o grande desafio.	en-pt-br
[Mckenzie - Holding without any chin rest] Up until this point, I didn't know if this was going to be possible until I saw this.	[מקנזי - יושבת ללא תמיכה של הצוואר] עד הנקודה הזו, לא ידעתי אם זה יהיה אפשרי עד שראיתי את זה.	en-he
This was literally after about five minutes of training.	И это буквально после пяти минут дрессировки.	en-ru
When I saw that, I knew we could do this.	Увидев это, я понял, что всё получится.	en-ru
[Callie - Training with chin rest] What you saw McKenzie doing was close but not quite good enough.	[קאלי - מתאמנת עם משענת צוואר] מה שראיתם את מקנזי עושה הוא קרוב אבל לא מספיק טוב.	en-he
What we are going after if we're to achieve data that compares to humans - (Video) GB: You are perfect! Excellent! Perfect job!	Если мы хотели получить такие же данные, как при сканировании человека, нам нужно было следующее: (Видео) ГБ: Ты молодец! Превосходно!	en-ru
(On stage) GB: Mark told me I had to be more demonstrative than I am normally.	Bom trabalho! (Palco) GB: Mark disse que eu teria que ser mais demonstrativo do que costumo ser.	en-pt-br
(Laughter) (Video) GB: Perfect! Yes!	(Risos) (Vídeo) GB: Perfeito!	en-pt-br
(Laughter) (On stage) GB: What you notice we did was we introduced a little chin rest because we have to give the dogs a target to put their head on.	Да! (Смех) (На сцене) ГБ: Как видите, мы установили маленькую подставку для подбородка, чтобы обозначить собакам место, на которое надо класть голову.	en-ru
McKenzie adapts this very quickly.	מקנזי הסתגלה אליו מהר מאד.	en-he
She's actually in a simulator for an MRI that we built.	Ela está em um aparelho que simula o real.	en-pt-br

All around the world, people prefer mates who are kind and generous and capable and willing to care for mates and offspring.

全世界的人都喜歡心地善良大方慷慨、能力出眾，且願意照顧伴侶和小孩的人

en-zh-tw

In one of the largest cross-cultural studies of human mate preferences ever conducted, covering 33 countries shown in red here, the single most important mate choice criterion to both men and women, was mutual love and attraction.

באחד המחקרים הבין-תרבותיים הגדולים ביותר שנערכו על העדפות זוגיות בבני אדם, שכיסה 33 מדינות המסומנות כאן באדום, הקריטריון החשוב ביותר בבן זוג, לגברים ולנשים כאחד, היה אהבה הדדית ומשיכה.

en-he

But as you also know, people are not always perfectly faithful to their mates.

אבל כפי שאתם יודעים, אנשים לא תמיד שומרים על נאמנות זוגית מלאה.

en-he

And in particular, women sometimes face a tradeoff between good genes and investment.

進一步來說，女性偶爾得面臨優秀基因和充足資源之間的取捨

en-zh-tw

Women sometimes find themselves in relationships with men who may be caring providers, but may not possess the best quality genes for offspring making them strong and healthy.

Mulheres muitas vezes se encontram numa relação com um homem que pode ser provedor de cuidados, mas que pode não possuir os melhores genes para filhos fortes e saudáveis.

en-pt-br

And several features of women's mating psychology seem to have evolved, in part, to resolve this trade off.

E muitas características da psicologia reprodutiva feminina parecem ter evoluído, em parte, pra resolver esse impasse.

en-pt-br

And I mean, recruiting genes, if you will, from outside of the long-term relationship.

我指的是在長期親密關係外尋求更優秀的基因

en-zh-tw

For example, women have more sexual fantasies about men other than their long-term partner, during the fertile part of the cycle, and that's particularly true if the long-term partner has physical signs of being lower in genetic quality, like he's less physically attractive.

לדוגמא, לנשים יש יותר פנטזיות מיניות על גברים שאינם בני זוגם כשהן בשלב הפורה של המחזור, ביחוד אם לבן הזוג הקבוע ישנם סימנים פיזיים המעידים על איכות גנטית נמוכה, למשל שהוא פחות מושך פיזית.

en-he

I think that's interesting. (Laughter) That's why I'm talking about it, I hope you do too.

我覺得這很有意思（笑聲）這正是為什麼我要討論這點希望各位也這麼覺得

en-zh-tw

And women's mate preferences similarly change over the cycle so that they prefer more dominant, more masculine males during the fertile part of the cycle.

וההעדפות הזוגיות של נשים גם משתנות לאורך המחזור, כך שהן מעדיפות גברים יותר דומיננטיים וגבריים בחלק הפורה של המחזור.

en-he

These are results of a study that I conducted on women's preferences for men's voices.

Esses são os resultados de um estudo que conduzi na preferência das mulheres pela voz dos homens.

en-pt-br

And I used computer software to manipulate recordings of men's voices to make them sound either more masculine or more dominant, or more subordinate, more feminine.

Usei um software de computador para manipular a gravação de vozes masculinas para parecerem ainda mais masculinas e dominantes ou mais submissas, mais femininas.

en-pt-br

And I had women rate them on how attractive would this man be for a short-term, purely sexual relationship, and for a long-term committed relationship?

Pedi para mulheres avaliarem o quão atraente determinado homem seria para uma relação curta, puramente sexual, e para uma relação duradoura.

en-pt-br

And I also got information about where women were in their cycles.

我同時也詢問女性受試者正處於生理變化週期的什麼階段

en-zh-tw

Were they in the fertile or non-fertile part of the cycle?

是否處於排卵期或非排卵期？

en-zh-tw

These were all women not taking hormonal contraception.

Nenhuma delas usava contraceptivos hormonais.

en-pt-br

And what I found was that women preferred a more masculine, dominant-sounding voice, specifically in the fertile point of the cycle, and only for a sexual relationship versus a long-term committed relationship.

Descobri que elas preferem uma voz mais masculina, que soa mais dominante, especificamente no período fértil, e apenas para uma relação sexual ao invés de uma relação duradoura.

en-pt-br

Now, this sounds like science fiction, but it's science, fact.

עכשיו, זה נשמע כמו מדע בדיוני, אבל זה מדע, עובדה.

en-he

Because this result has been shown lots of times across a variety of domains from women's preferences for men's voices, that this result was replicated by another lab.

כי התוצאה הזו תועדה פעמים רבות במגוון תחומים כולל העדפות לקולות של גברים, וזה נמצא גם במעבדה אחרת,

en-he

Women's preferences for men's faces, bodies, odors, and even behavior.

到女性對男性臉孔、身材氣味、甚至行為的偏好等皆是如此

en-zh-tw

Well, I said that we would get to orgasm. (Laughter) And we're there.

טוב, אמרתי שבסוף נגיע לאורגזמה. (צחוק) והגענו.

en-he

I just want to start by saying I'm for it. (Laughter) I'm pro-orgasm.

我最想說的是我完全贊成高潮（笑聲）我是高潮的支持者

en-zh-tw

I think more people should have more orgasms.

Acho que mais pessoas deveriam ter mais orgasmos.

en-pt-br

But from a scientific perspective, women's orgasm is especially fascinating because there's evidence indicating that it increases the probability that conception will result from an act of sex.

但從科學角度而言女性高潮特別引人入勝因為證據顯示它會增加性行為的受孕機會

en-zh-tw

There's evidence that it brings sperm up through the female reproductive tract and toward the egg.

Existem evidências de que ele atrai o esperma pelo trato reprodutivo feminino levando-o em direção ao óvulo.

en-pt-br

And think about what the implications here could be.

Pensem em quais implicações poderíamos ter aqui.

en-pt-br

If women were more likely to have orgasms with some men than others, then this could be a mechanism by which they choose, not consciously, to be fertilized by some males and not others.

如果女性與某些男性做愛時較易高潮這或許會使得女性無意識地選擇懷下這些男性而非其他男性的小孩

en-zh-tw

And wouldn't you predict that women would be more likely to have orgasms with males of high genetic quality?

E não acham que seria justo prever que mulheres seriam mais propensas a ter orgasmos com homens de maior qualidade genética?

en-pt-br

And in fact, a study by my lab published just a couple of years ago found that women reported more orgasms, earlier timed orgasms, that is, they were easier to achieve, they achieved them more quickly, when they were having sex when their mate was more masculine and more dominant, and what's interesting is that this was true only for their orgasms from sexual intercourse, but not from other partnered sexual behaviors.

E de fato, um estudo do meu laboratório publicado alguns anos atrás descobriu que mulheres relatam mais orgasmos, mais orgasmos prematuros, isto é, mais fáceis de serem atingidos, elas o atingiram mais rápido, quando elas estavam fazendo sexo com um parceiro mais masculino e mais dominante. E o interessante é que isso só ocorre para orgasmos com penetração, mas não outros tipos de comportamento sexual.

en-pt-br

I'll let you use your imagination what those might be.

אשאיר את זה לדמיון שלכם.

en-he

So we've seen that thinking like an evolutionist can enable us to predict things about ourselves that we did not already know, and would not likely have guessed for a long time.

אז ראינו שחשיבה כמו אבולוציוניסט מאפשרת לנו לנבא דברים על עצמנו שלא ידענו קודם, ולא היינו מנחשים זמן רב.

en-he

We didn't know that women's mate preferences changed over the cycle.

לא ידענו שההעדפות הזוגיות של נשים משתנות במהלך המחזור.

en-he

Until evolutionary thinking led us to that discovery.

até que o pensamento evolutivo nos levou a essa descoberta.

en-pt-br

So that's one point that I want to make.

這正是我要傳達的重點之一

en-zh-tw

But we've also seen how evolutionary thinking can clarify and unite diverse parts of the human experience, and help us understand the best and the worst of ourselves, from violence and aggression and infidelity to men's care for their children, sexual attraction, sexual pleasure, and even the strength and fragility of romantic love.

演化論觀點也能釐清和整合許多看似不相關的人類經驗並協助我們了解自己的優缺點從暴力、侵略性和不忠於伴侶到男性的育兒行為性的吸引力、性的喜悅再到親密關係的強韌和脆弱等

en-zh-tw

You don't like to be surprised.

Davvero non volete farvi sorprendere

en-it

And it's not a diet.

וזו לא דיאטה.

en-he

We also found the more people changed, the better they got.

גילינו גם שככל שאנשים מתנהגים אחרת, כך מצבם משתפר.

en-he

One woman said, "I've got 20 friends in this pack of cigarettes.

וכמו שאשה אחת אמרה, "יש לי 20 חברים בקופסת הסיגריות הזאת,

en-he

How many of you are dog people?

כמה מכם הם אנשי כלבים?

en-he

A show of hands.

תרימו ידיים.

en-he

Excellent!

Excelente!

en-pt-br

How about cat people?

E quanto aos fãs de gatos?

en-pt-br

OK, you guys can go to the break early.

אוקיי, אתם יכולים לצאת מוקדם להפסקה.

en-he

(Laughter) So, of the dog people and the cat people who want to be dog people, (Laughter) how many of you have thought, "Wouldn't it be great to know what my dog is thinking?"

(Risos) Então, dos amantes de cachorros e dos amantes de gatos que querem ser amantes de cães, (Risos) quantos de vocês já pensaram: "Não seria incrível saber o que meu cão está pensando?"

en-pt-br

I think everyone else already knows what their dog is thinking, right?

Acho que sabemos o que nossos cães estão pensando, certo?

en-pt-br

I got into this project, and I'm going to tell you a little bit about how - This is basically a stupid dog trick story.

נכנסתי לפרויקט כלשהו, ואני אספר לכם מעט כיצד -- זה בעקרון סיפור טפשי של טריק של כלבים.

en-he

It really started with this dog named Newton, who was really my favorite dog.

זה באמת התחיל עם הכלב הזה, ששמו ניוטון, שהיה באמת הכלב האהוב עליי.

en-he

I've had many dogs through my life, but Newton was my favorite, and he lived to be about 15 years old.

Eu tive vários ao longo da vida, mas Newton era o meu favorito, e ele viveu até os 15 anos.

en-pt-br

After he passed away, I thought, I have these tools, this MRI machine, that I have been using for decades to study human decision making and what motivates people, why haven't we used this on other animals?

Depois que ele faleceu, eu pensei que uso a ressonância magnética há décadas para estudar tomada de decisões humanas e o que motiva as pessoas. Por que não usamos isso em outros animais?

en-pt-br

Certainly, other animals have many of the same feelings and motivations that people do.

ברור שלחיות אחרות יש הרבה מאותן הרגשות ומניעים שיש לבני אדם.

en-he

But this is kind of an area of science that people don't like to talk about.

אבל זה תחום מדעי שאנשים לא אוהבים לדבר עליו.

en-he

So I embarked on this project about four years ago to try to figure out what dogs think, and specifically what dogs think of us.

Então, comecei esse projeto cerca de quatro anos atrás para descobrir o que os cães pensam, especialmente o que pensam sobre nós.

en-pt-br

If we're talking about humans, we have kind of two ways we can think about what other people are thinking: we can either ask them, and sometimes they will tell us if they know, and they want us to know what they are thinking; or we can observe actions, we can observe behaviors, we can try to infer things about what people are thinking from their actions.

Quando falamos em humanos, temos duas formas de saber o que as pessoas estão pensando: podemos perguntar a elas, e às vezes elas nos dirão, se souberem, e se quiserem que saibamos o que estão pensando; ou podemos observar ações, nós podemos observar comportamentos, tentar deduzir o que estão pensando por meio de suas ações.

en-pt-br

With animals, and dogs, of course, we can't really ask them.

Com animais, e cachorros, não podemos perguntar.

en-pt-br

We can ask them, and we may think that they tell us, but we really don't know what they're thinking.

אנחנו יכולים לשאול אותם, ואנחנו עשויים לחשוב שהם אומרים לנו, אבל אנחנו לא באמת יודעים מה הם חושבים.

en-he

So we're kind of left with their behaviors: we can observe their actions, and we can try to infer what they are thinking.

אז נשארנו רק עם ההתנהגויות שלהם: אנחנו יכולים לצפות בפעולות שלהם, ולנסות להסיק מה הם חושבים.

en-he

This is the foundation of behaviorism, and it's been around since Pavlov.

זה הבסיס של ביהביוריזם, והוא קיים מאז פאבלוב.

en-he

But there are, of course, very tricky issues here, and humans being humans, we tend to anthropomorphize everything.

אבל יש כאן עניינים בעייתיים מאד, כמובן, וכבני אדם, אנחנו מנסים לנתח כל דבר בצורה אנתרופולוגית.

en-he

It's kind of in this area that I became very interested in intrigued with the possibility of trying to figure out what dogs are thinking by using MRI.

Эта область не исключение, поэтому меня заинтересовала возможность использования МРТ для чтения мыслей собак.

en-ru

The technique is straightforward. It's been around for decades.

Метод очень простой и используется десятилетиями.

en-ru

The idea is: if we were studying a human, we would put a human in an MRI, have them do some type of task, and we'd measure blood flow or brain activity and then try to figure out what parts of the brain do what.

Идея такова: для исследования людей мы помещаем их в аппарат МРТ, даём определённое задание и фиксируем изменения кровотока и мозговой активности, чтобы затем попытаться выяснить, какая часть мозга за что отвечает.

en-ru

Very straightforward, if you've had an MRI, it's not terribly pleasant, but people will do it.

Те, кто проходил МРТ, знают, что это простая процедура, хоть немного и неприятная, но вполне посильная человеку.

en-ru

How do we do this with other animals? How do we do it with a dog?

Но как быть с животными? Как провернуть это с собакой?

en-ru

I'm going to show you what we found.

אני אראה לכם מה מצאנו.

en-he

Here's a short video.

הנה סרטון קצר.

en-he

It's a what we call our training video, and it demonstrates how we did this.

Мы называем его обучающим, и оно демонстрирует, как мы это сделали.

en-ru

Before I start it, you're going to see two dogs in this video.

В этом видео вы увидите двух собак.

en-ru

The first dog, Callie, is my dog.

Первая — моя собака Калли.

en-ru

She was actually the replacement for Newton.

היא זו שהחליפה את ניוטון.

en-he

She was adopted here in Atlanta from the Humane Society.

Ela foi adotada aqui em Atlanta, num abrigo de cães.

en-pt-br

We loved Newton so much; we could never get another pug, so Callie is the anti-pug.

Мы очень сильно любили Ньютона и никогда не взяли бы другого мопса, а Калли как раз совсем не похожа на мопса.

en-ru

The other dog is McKenzie, a border collie.

A outra cadela é a Mckenzie, uma border collie.

en-pt-br

We just kind of get right into it.

אנחנו פשוט נתחיל.

en-he

I'll narrate as we go along.

אני אקריין ככל שהסרטון מתקדם.

en-he

[Callie - Introduction to head coil] This's Mark Spivak.

[Калли — Знакомство с головной катушкой] Это Марк Спивак.

en-ru

He's my partner in this endeavor, he's a dog trainer.

meu colega nesse desafio, um treinador de cães.

en-pt-br

The first thing that we had to do is figure out how do we get dogs to go into a tube, to put a head coil around their head to pick up the brain waves, and hold absolutely still.

הדבר הראשון שהיינו צריכים לעשות הוא להבין איך לשכנע כלבים להכנס לתוך צינור, לשים סליל סביב הראש שלהם כדי שיקלוט את גלי המוח, ולעמוד יציב לגמרי.

en-he

What you are seeing here, is that Callie is not a particularly obedient dog; she has no particularly special skills.

מה שאתם רואים כאן הוא שקאלי היא לא בדיוק כלבה צייתנית; אין לה כישורים ייחודיים.

en-he

But she does have one very good trait, and that is: she likes hot dogs.

Mas tem uma ótima característica: ela gosta de cachorro-quente.

en-pt-br

Mark is doing what we call clicker training.

Mark está fazendo um adestramento com som.

en-pt-br

Every time she approximates what we want her to do, he clicks, and then she gets a hot dog.

בכל פעם שהיא מתקרבת למה שהוא רוצה שהיא תעשה, הוא מקליק, ואז היא מקבלת נקניקיה.

en-he

This's the very first time she's been introduced to the thing we call the head coil, and we didn't know at this point whether this was even going to be possible.

Тут она впервые знакомится с так называемой головной катушкой. В тот момент мы понятия не имели, насколько всё это осуществимо.

en-ru

[McKenzie - Introduction to head coil] This dog, McKenzie, a border collie, is highly trained.

[מקנזי - מתוודעת לסליל הראש] הכלבה הזו, מקנזי, בורדר קולי היא מאולפת מאד

en-he

She's very skilled in agility, and her owner, as you'll see, gets her to sit in this coil very quickly.

Ela aprende com rapidez, e sua dona, como vemos, a coloca na bobina rapidamente.

en-pt-br

(Video) Dog owner: Good girl!

(Vídeo) Dona: Boa garota!

en-pt-br

Is she too far out now?

Пролезла слишком глубоко?

en-ru

(Video) Gregory Berns: Yeah, basically, we are looking for the brain case to be in the center, right there.

(סרטון) גרגורי ברנס: כן, בעקרון אנחנו רוצים שקופסת המוח תהיה במרכז, בדיוק שם.

en-he

(On stage) GB: If you've had an MRI, you know that you're told not to move, right?

(Palco) Gregory Berns: Se já fizeram uma ressonância magnética, sabem que nos pedem para ficarmos parados, certo?

en-pt-br

This is the big challenge of doing this.

Esse é o grande desafio.

en-pt-br

[Mckenzie - Holding without any chin rest] Up until this point, I didn't know if this was going to be possible until I saw this.

[מקנזי - יושבת ללא תמיכה של הצוואר] עד הנקודה הזו, לא ידעתי אם זה יהיה אפשרי עד שראיתי את זה.

en-he

This was literally after about five minutes of training.

И это буквально после пяти минут дрессировки.

en-ru

When I saw that, I knew we could do this.

Увидев это, я понял, что всё получится.

en-ru

[Callie - Training with chin rest] What you saw McKenzie doing was close but not quite good enough.

[קאלי - מתאמנת עם משענת צוואר] מה שראיתם את מקנזי עושה הוא קרוב אבל לא מספיק טוב.

en-he

What we are going after if we're to achieve data that compares to humans - (Video) GB: You are perfect! Excellent! Perfect job!

Если мы хотели получить такие же данные, как при сканировании человека, нам нужно было следующее: (Видео) ГБ: Ты молодец! Превосходно!

en-ru

(On stage) GB: Mark told me I had to be more demonstrative than I am normally.

Bom trabalho! (Palco) GB: Mark disse que eu teria que ser mais demonstrativo do que costumo ser.

en-pt-br

(Laughter) (Video) GB: Perfect! Yes!

(Risos) (Vídeo) GB: Perfeito!

en-pt-br

(Laughter) (On stage) GB: What you notice we did was we introduced a little chin rest because we have to give the dogs a target to put their head on.

Да! (Смех) (На сцене) ГБ: Как видите, мы установили маленькую подставку для подбородка, чтобы обозначить собакам место, на которое надо класть голову.

en-ru

McKenzie adapts this very quickly.

מקנזי הסתגלה אליו מהר מאד.

en-he

She's actually in a simulator for an MRI that we built.

Ela está em um aparelho que simula o real.

en-pt-br