gowitheflow/parallel-talks-deduplicated · Datasets at Hugging Face

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These were some people working inside, actually, the United Nations in a group called the Systems of National [Accounts], SNA.	Parliamo di persone che lavoravano all'interno delle Nazioni Unite in una divisione chiamata SNA, Sistemi di Contabilità Nazionale.	en-it
They called it the "banking problem," like, "Oh my God, this thing is huge, and we're not even including it."	Chamaram-lhe "o problema da banca." "Oh meu Deus, isto é enorme, e nem estávamos a incluí-lo."	en-pt
So instead of stopping and actually making that Tableau Economique or asking some of these fundamental questions that also the classicals were asking about what is actually happening, the division of labor between different types of activities in the economy, they simply gave these net interest payments a name.	Durup "Tableau Economique" yapmak ya da fiilen ne olduğuyla ilgili klasiklerin de sorduğu temel soruları sormak, ekonomideki farklı tür faaliyetlerin arasındaki iş bölümünü düşünmek yerine sadece bu net faiz ödemelerine öylece bir isim verdiler.	en-tr
So the commercial banks, they called this "financial intermediation."	Tako su komercijalne banke to nazvale "financijska intermedijacija".	en-hr
That went into the NIPA accounts.	也納入了國民帳戶	en-zh-tw
And the investment banks were called the "risk-taking activities," and that went in.	投資銀行得到了「風險承擔活動」的名號也納入其中	en-zh-tw
In case I haven't explained this properly, that red line is showing how much quicker financial intermediation as a whole was growing compared to the rest of the economy, the blue line, industry.	我怕我沒解釋清楚這條紅線告訴我們金融中介跟整個經濟體相比也就是藍色這條線成長的有多快	en-zh-tw
And so this was quite extraordinary, because what actually happened, and what we know today, and there's different people writing about this, this data here is from the Bank of England, is that lots of what finance was actually doing from the 1970s and '80s on was basically financing itself: finance financing finance.	A to je bilo prilično neobično jer ono što se ustvari dogodilo, a što mi danas znamo, a različiti ljudi pišu o tome, a ove podatke ovdje objavila je Bank of England, jeste da je mnogo onoga što su financije zapravo radile od sedamdesetih i osamdesetih pa nadalje bilo je u biti financiranje samih sebe: financiranje financijskog financiranja.	en-hr
And what I mean by that is finance, insurance and real estate.	כלומר, במגזרי הפיננסים, הביטוח והנדל"ן,	en-he
In fact, in the UK, something like between 10 and 20 percent of finance finds its way into the real economy, into industry, say, into the energy sector, into pharmaceuticals, into the IT sector, but most of it goes back into that acronym, FIRE: finance, insurance and real estate.	其實在英國真正進入到經濟體和產業的資金大概有百分之十到二十像是進入能源產業、製藥展業或是資訊科技產業但大部分還是回流到金融業、保險業和不動產業簡稱 FIRE	en-zh-tw
It's very conveniently called FIRE.	Si chiama FIRE [Fuoco] per un ottimo motivo.	en-it
Now, this is interesting because, in fact, it's not to say that finance is good or bad, but the degree to which, by just having to give it a name, because it actually had an income that was being generated, as opposed to pausing and asking, "What is it actually doing?" -- that was a missed opportunity.	Isso é interessante porque, de fato, não quer dizer que financiamento seja bom ou ruim, mas até o ponto de simplesmente ter que dar um nome a ele, porque havia uma renda sendo gerada, em vez de apenas perguntar: "O que ele está realmente fazendo?" foi uma oportunidade perdida.	en-pt-br
Similarly, in the real economy, in industry itself, what was happening?	그렇다면, 실제 산업경제에서는 어떤 일이 발생했습니까?	en-ko
And this real focus on prices and also share prices has created a huge problem of reinvestment, again, this real attention that both the Physiocrats and the classicals had to the degree to which the value that was being generated in the economy was in fact being reinvested back in.	Este foco nos preços e no preço das ações criou um enorme problema no reinvestimento, esta atenção que tanto os fisiocratas como os clássicos prestaram até que ponto o valor que estava a ser gerado pela economia estava a ser reinvestido.	en-pt
And so what we have today is an ultrafinancialized industrial sector where, increasingly, a share of the profits and the net income are not actually going back into production, into human capital training, into research and development but just being siphoned out in terms of buying back your own shares, which boosts stock options, which is, in fact, the way that many executives are getting paid.	Ve bugün elimizde olan şey ultra finansallaşmış bir sanayi sektörü ve orada giderek artan biçimde, hisse kârları ve net gelirler üretime, insani sermaye eğitimine, araştırma ve geliştirmeye dönmüyor, aksine kendi hisse senetlerini geri satın alma yoluyla hortumlanıyor, bu da hisse senedi opsiyonlarını yukarı itiyor ve aslında bu yolla pek çok yönetici para kazanıyor.	en-tr
And, you know, some share buybacks is absolutely fine, but this system is completely out of whack.	回購股權沒什麼大不了但這系統卻很不正常	en-zh-tw
These numbers that I'm showing you here show that in the last 10 years, 466 of the S and P 500 companies have spent over four trillion on just buying back their shares.	Burada size gösterdiğim rakamlar, son 10 yılda 500 S&P şirketinden 466'sının sadece kendi hisselerini geri almaya 4 trilyondan fazla harcadığını gösteriyor.	en-tr
And what you see then if you aggregate this up at the macroeconomic level, so if we look at aggregate business investment, which is a percentage of GDP, you also see this falling level of business investment.	E cosa si vede poi se si aggregano questo a livello macroeconomico, se guardiamo quindi agli investimenti aziendali aggregati, che sono una percentuale del PIL, si vede anche questo calo di investimenti aziendali.	en-it
And this is a problem.	I to je problem.	en-hr
This, by the way, is a huge problem for skills and job creation.	특히, 이것은 기술과 직업창출에 있어서 심각한 문제가 됩니다.	en-ko
You might have heard there's lots of attention these days to, "Are the robots taking our jobs?"	최근 많은 관심이 쏠리는 이슈 중 하나가 여러분도 들어보셨겠지만, "로봇이 인간의 직업을 대신할 것인가"입니다.	en-ko
Well, mechanization has for centuries, actually, taken jobs, but as long as profits were being reinvested back into production, then it didn't matter: new jobs appeared.	La mecanización desde hace siglos, en realidad, lo ha hecho, pero siempre y cuando las ganancias se reinvierten de nuevo en la producción, entonces no importa: aparecen nuevos trabajos	en-es
But this lack of reinvestment is, in fact, very dangerous.	Mas esta falta de reinvestimento é, de facto, muito perigosa.	en-pt
Similarly, in the pharmaceutical industry, for example, how prices are set, it's quite interesting how it doesn't look at these objective conditions of the collective way in which value is created in the economy.	예를 들면, 제약산업에 있어서 가격이 결정되는 방법을 보시면, 흥미롭게도 종합적인 방식으로 창출되는 경제적 가치의 객관적인 조건을 고려하지 않습니다.	en-ko
So in the sector where you have lots of different actors -- public, private, of course, but also third-sector organizations -- creating value, the way we actually measure value in this sector is through the price system itself.	No setor onde temos muitos atores diferentes — público, privado, claro, mas também organizações do setor terciário — a criar valor, a forma como medimos valor neste setor é através do próprio sistema de preços.	en-pt
Prices reveal value.	Cijene iskazuju vrijednost.	en-hr
So when, recently, the price of an antibiotic went up by 400 percent overnight, and the CEO was asked, "How can you do this?	Quando, recentemente, o preço de um antibiótico aumentou 400% da noite para o dia, e perguntaram ao CEO: "Como é capaz de fazer isto?	en-pt
People actually need that antibiotic.	人们需要这些抗生素。	en-zh-cn
He said, "Well, we have a moral imperative to allow prices to go what the market will bear," completely dismissing the fact that in the US, for example, the National Institutes of Health spent over 30 billion a year on the medical research that actually leads to these drugs.	da dozvolimo rast cijena koliko god tržište može izdržati," potpuno zanemarujući činjenicu da u SAD-u, na primjer, Nacionalni institut za zdravstvo troši preko 30 milijardi godišnje za medicinska istraživanja koja ustvari vode do tih lijekova.	en-hr
So, again, a lack of attention to those objective conditions and just allowing the price system itself to reveal the value.	Yani, yine, nesnel koşullara fazla dikkat etmemek ve fiyat sisteminin kendisinin değeri göstermesine izin vermekti.	en-tr
Now, this is not just an academic exercise, as interesting as it may be.	Questo non è solo un esercizio accademico, per interessante che possa essere.	en-it
All this really matters [for] how we measure output, to how we steer the economy, to whether you feel that you're productive, to which sectors we end up helping, supporting and also making people feel proud to be part of.	Todo esto realmente importa para poder medir la producción, y dirigir la economía, hacia aquello que parece productivo a cuyos sectores terminamos ayudando, apoyando y también haciendo sentir a la gente orgullosa por ser parte de ello.	en-es
In fact, going back to that quote, it's not surprising that Blankfein could say that.	De facto, voltando àquela citação, não é uma surpresa que Blankfein tenha dito tal coisa.	en-pt
In the way that we actually measure production, productivity and value in the economy, of course Goldman Sachs workers are the most productive.	從測量經濟體生產生產力和價值的方式來看高盛集團的員工當然最有生產力	en-zh-tw
They are in fact earning the most.	Fiilen en çok kazanan onlar.	en-tr
The price of their labor is revealing their value.	O preço do seu trabalho revela o seu valor.	en-pt
But this becomes tautological, of course.	我就不再贅述了	en-zh-tw
And so there's a real need to rethink.	Há uma necessidade real de repensar:	en-pt-br
We need to rethink how we're measuring output, and in fact there's some amazing experiments worldwide.	Dobbiamo ripensare la misurazione della produzione, e sono in corso in tutto il mondo esperimenti incredibili.	en-it
In New Zealand, for example, they now have a gross national happiness indicator.	Na Nova Zelândia, por exemplo, agora têm um indicador de felicidade nacional.	en-pt
In Bhutan, also, they're thinking about happiness and well-being indicators.	No Butão, estão a pensar nos indicadores de felicidade e bem-estar.	en-pt
But the problem is that we can't just be adding things in.	問題在於我們不能只是把數字加起來	en-zh-tw
We do have to pause, and I think this should be a moment for pause, given that we see so little has actually changed since the financial crisis, to make sure that we are not also confusing value extraction with value creation, so looking at what's included, not just adding more, to make sure that we're not, for example, confusing rents with profits.	이제는 잠시 멈춰야만 합니다. 금융위기 이후로 지금까지 전혀 변한 것이 없다면, 이제는 멈추어야 하는 시점이라고 생각합니다. 가치 추출과 가치 창조를 혼동하는 일이 다시는 발생하지 않게 하기 위해서, 단순히 수치를 더하는 것이 아니라, 무엇이 포함되어 있는지를 보아야 합니다. 예를 들면, 임대료와 수익을 혼동하지 않기 위해서 말입니다.	en-ko
Rents for the classicals was about unearned income.	שכ"ד בעיני הכלכלנים הקלאסיים היה הכנסה שהוחמצה.	en-he
Today, rents, when they're talked about in economics, is just an imperfection towards a competitive price that could be competed away if you take away some asymmetries.	Hoje, quando se fala em aluguéis, na economia, é somente uma imperfeição para um preço competitivo que poderia ser contestado se tirássemos algumas assimetrias.	en-pt-br
Second, we of course can steer activities into what the classicals called the "production boundary."	İkinci olarak, klasiklerin "üretim sınırı" dediği şeye faaliyetleri tabii ki yönlendirebiliriz.	en-tr
This should not be an us-versus-them, big, bad finance versus good, other sectors.	Bu, bir "bize karşı onlar," büyük ve kötü finans, diğer iyi sektörlere karşı meselesi olmamalı.	en-tr
We could reform finance.	我們能夠改良金融體系	en-zh-tw
There was a real lost opportunity in some ways after the crisis.	어떤 점에서 보면 금융위기 후에 기회를 놓쳤습니다.	en-ko
We could have had the financial transaction tax, which would have rewarded long-termism over short-termism, but we didn't decide to do that globally.	Poderíamos ter tido o imposto sobre transações financeiras, que teria recompensado o longo prazo sobre o curto prazo, mas não decidimos fazer isso globalmente.	en-pt-br
We can. We can change our minds.	Podemos ainda mudar de ideia.	en-pt-br
We can also set up new types of institutions.	Ayrıca yeni kurumlar oluşturabiliriz.	en-tr
There's different types of, for example, public financial institutions worldwide that are actually providing that patient, long-term, committed finance that helps small firms grow, that help infrastructure and innovation happen.	Nel mondo ci sono, per esempio, molti tipi di istituzioni finanziarie pubbliche che offrono finanziamenti pazienti, a lungo termine e dedicati, che aiutano le piccole imprese a crescere, aiutano le infrastrutture e l'innovazione.	en-it
But this shouldn't just be about output.	Mas isso não pode ter a ver somente com a produção,	en-pt-br
This shouldn't just be about the rate of output.	Bu sadece çıktının oranıyla ilgili olmamalı.	en-tr
We should also as a society pause and ask: What value are we even creating?	También como sociedad debemos preguntarnos qué valor estamos creando.	en-es
And I just want to end with the fact that this week we are celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Moon landing.	我想以这周我们正在庆祝登月50周年的事来结束这个演讲。	en-zh-cn
This required the public sector, the private sector, to invest and innovate in all sorts of ways, not just around aeronautics.	登月这事儿需要公共部门以及私有部门来投资和创新各种东西，不仅是航空相关的，	en-zh-cn
It included investment in areas like nutrition and materials.	Incluiu investimento em áreas como a nutrição e materiais.	en-pt
There were lots of actual mistakes that were done along the way.	Foram cometidos imensos erros nesse caminho.	en-pt
In fact, what government did was it used its full power of procurement, for example, to fuel those bottom-up solutions, of which some failed.	De fato, o governo usou todo seu poder de aquisição, por exemplo, para abastecer aquelas soluções de baixo para cima, mas algumas falharam.	en-pt-br
But are failures part of value creation?	אבל האם הכשלונות מהווים חלק ביצירה של ערך,	en-he
Or are they just mistakes?	Ili su samo greške?	en-hr
Or how do we actually also nurture the experimentation, the trial and error and error and error?	还是我们应该如何培养实验，试错，再错，再错？	en-zh-cn
Bell Labs, which was the R and D laboratory of AT and T, actually came from an era where government was quite courageous.	Bell Labs, che è stato il laboratorio R&D di AT&T, in realtà proviene da un'epoca di grande coraggio governativo.	en-it
It actually asked AT and T that in order to maintain its monopoly status, it had to reinvest its profits back into the real economy, innovation and innovation beyond telecoms.	Hükûmet AT&T'den tekel statüsünü koruması için kârını tekrar gerçek ekonomiye, yeniliklere telekomünikasyon ötesi yeniliklere yatırım olarak döndürmesini istedi.	en-tr
That was the history, the early history of Bell Labs.	这是历史，这是贝尔实验室的早期历史。	en-zh-cn
So how we can get these new conditions around reinvestment to collectively invest in new types of value directed at some of the biggest challenges of our time, like climate change?	그럼 어떻게 하면 재투자와 관련된 이러한 새로운 조건들을 새로운 유형의 가치에 일괄적으로 재투자함으로써 기후변화와 같은 우리 시대가 처한 큰 문제를 해결할 수 있을까요?	en-ko
This is a key question.	Questa è una domanda chiave.	en-it
But we should also ask ourselves, had there been a net present value calculation or a cost-benefit analysis done about whether or not to even try to go to the Moon and back again in a generation, we probably wouldn't have started.	אבל עלינו גם לשאול את עצמנו, אילו היה חישוב של ערך-נטו, או אילו היה נערך ניתוח עלות-תועלת בשאלה אם בכלל לנסות לטוס לירח ובחזרה באותו הדור, מן הסתם לא היינו מתחילים בכלל.	en-he
So thank God, because I'm an economist, and I can tell you, value is not just price.	Então ainda bem, porque sou economista e posso dizer a vocês que valor não é apenas preço.	en-pt-br
[Citizens of the world] [We face a global crisis of unprecedented scale] [Please stand by for a message from ... ] [the Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres] The climate emergency is the defining crisis of our time.	[شهروندان جهان] [با بحرانی جهانی در مقیاسی بی‌سابقه روبرو هستیم.] [لطفا آماده شنیدن پیامی باشید از سوی...] [دبیر کل سازمان ملل، آنتونیو گوترس] ضرورت اقلیم مشخص‌ترین بحران عصر ما است.	en-fa
We are in a race against time, and we are losing.	Suntem într-o cursă contra cronometru pe care o pierdem.	en-ro
There is a growing tide of impatience, especially among young people, with global inaction.	Există un val de nervozitate în creștere, în special în rândul tinerilor, din cauza inacțiunii globale.	en-ro
We need more ambition from all: governments, cities, businesses, investors and people everywhere.	C'è bisogno di più intraprendenza da parte di tutti: governi, città, imprese, investitori e persone da ogni parte.	en-it
So I'm pleased you are launching TED Countdown.	Ezért örülök, hogy útnak indul a TED Countdown, a Visszaszámlálás.	en-hu
Your influence and ideas can help accelerate momentum for a carbon-neutral world by 2050.	La vostra influenza e le vostre idee possono accelerare la transizione verso un mondo che raggiunga emissioni zero entro il 2050.	en-it
That is the only way to avert the worst impacts of global heating.	Essa é a única maneira de evitar os piores impactos do aquecimento global.	en-pt-br
We have the tools, the science and the resources.	Vi har verktygen, kunskapen och resurserna.	en-sv
Let us now get into this race with political will and energy.	Cerchiamo ora di entrare in questa gara con energia e determinazione politica.	en-it
To do anything less will be a betrayal of our entire human family and generations to come.	Ha ezt nem tesszük meg, eláruljuk az egész emberiséget és az eljövendő generációkat.	en-hu
Announcer: And now, please welcome one of the architects of the Paris Climate Agreement Christiana Figueres and the head of TED, Chris Anderson.	Speaker: Låt oss välkomna en av arkitekterna bakom Parisavtalet Christiana Figueres och ledaren för TED, Chris Anderson.	en-sv
(Applause) Chris Anderson: Welcome, welcome.	(Applåder) Chris Anderson: Välkomna, välkomna.	en-sv
Something remarkable is going to happen in the next hour.	Något märkvärdigt händer den kommande timmen.	en-sv
The world's single most alarming challenge, which looks something like this ...	نگران‌کننده ترین چالش جهان که چیزی مثل این است...	en-fa
is about to go head-to-head with some of the world's most amazing minds and courageous hearts, which look something like you.	ska mötas av några av världens skarpaste hjärnor och modigaste själar och det verkar vara ni.	en-sv
The extraordinary audience we have here in New York and around the world.	مخاطبین فوق‌العاده‌ای که در نیویورک و سرتاسر دنیا داریم.	en-fa
Christiana, it's quite the crowd we get to hang out with this morning.	Christiana, avem o audiență mare în această dimineață.	en-ro
Christiana Figueres: It sure is, no kidding.	کریستینا فیگورز: بی‌شوخی همینطوره.	en-fa
It's a good thing that everyone is here together, because actually, this initiative that we're just about to launch needs everyone to participate.	E un lucru bun că suntem cu toții împreună aici deoarece această inițiativă pe care urmează să o lansăm are nevoie de participarea fiecăruia dintre noi.	en-ro
Countdown.	Countdown.	en-it
CA: Countdown is a global initiative to cut greenhouse gas emissions.	CA: Countdown è un'iniziativa globale tesa a tagliare le emissioni dei gas serra.	en-it
It's seeking bold solutions in five big areas, imagining what could be achieved if different groups broke out of their silos and acted together.	ce caută soluții îndrăznețe în cinci mari domenii. Imaginați-vă ce am putea realiza dacă mai multe grupuri ar ieși din turnul lor de fildeș și ar acționa împreună.	en-ro
Starting today, you can go to countdown.ted.com and sign up to join the Countdown.	החל מהיום, אפשר להיכנס לאתר countdown.ted.com ולהצטרף לספירה לאחור.	en-he
Early in 2020, we'll be sharing plans on how you can connect with others in your company, your city or your school to engage in this issue.	All'inizio del 2020, dirameremo delle soluzioni su come potrete connettervi con altri nella vostra azienda, città o scuola per coinvolgerli su questo tema.	en-it
It's all leading up to global gatherings on 10.10.2020.	که در کل منتهی به گرد‌همایی‌های جهانی در ۲۰۲۰/۱۰/۱۰ می شود.	en-fa
Everyone in the world is invited to participate.	Tutte le persone al mondo sono invitate a partecipare.	en-it
CF: And so that's why, although I've been part of many initiatives along the years, I'm really excited about this one.	Det är därför, även om jag varit med i många projekt genom åren, är jag verkligen är taggad inför detta.	en-sv
Because Countdown is an invitation to everyone, everyone, to play their part in saving our planet and creating an exciting future.	Mert a Visszaszámlálásra mindenkit, de mindenkit várunk, hogy szerepet vállaljon bolygónk megmentésében, és egy izgalmas jövő teremtésében.	en-hu
Politicians and citizens, CEOs and their customers, their employees, their investors, old and young, north and south.	Políticos e cidadãos, CEOs e seus clientes, seus empregados, seus investidores, velhos e jovens, norte e sul.	en-pt-br

These were some people working inside, actually, the United Nations in a group called the Systems of National [Accounts], SNA.

Parliamo di persone che lavoravano all'interno delle Nazioni Unite in una divisione chiamata SNA, Sistemi di Contabilità Nazionale.

en-it

They called it the "banking problem," like, "Oh my God, this thing is huge, and we're not even including it."

Chamaram-lhe "o problema da banca." "Oh meu Deus, isto é enorme, e nem estávamos a incluí-lo."

en-pt

So instead of stopping and actually making that Tableau Economique or asking some of these fundamental questions that also the classicals were asking about what is actually happening, the division of labor between different types of activities in the economy, they simply gave these net interest payments a name.

Durup "Tableau Economique" yapmak ya da fiilen ne olduğuyla ilgili klasiklerin de sorduğu temel soruları sormak, ekonomideki farklı tür faaliyetlerin arasındaki iş bölümünü düşünmek yerine sadece bu net faiz ödemelerine öylece bir isim verdiler.

en-tr

So the commercial banks, they called this "financial intermediation."

Tako su komercijalne banke to nazvale "financijska intermedijacija".

en-hr

That went into the NIPA accounts.

也納入了國民帳戶

en-zh-tw

And the investment banks were called the "risk-taking activities," and that went in.

投資銀行得到了「風險承擔活動」的名號也納入其中

en-zh-tw

In case I haven't explained this properly, that red line is showing how much quicker financial intermediation as a whole was growing compared to the rest of the economy, the blue line, industry.

我怕我沒解釋清楚這條紅線告訴我們金融中介跟整個經濟體相比也就是藍色這條線成長的有多快

en-zh-tw

And so this was quite extraordinary, because what actually happened, and what we know today, and there's different people writing about this, this data here is from the Bank of England, is that lots of what finance was actually doing from the 1970s and '80s on was basically financing itself: finance financing finance.

A to je bilo prilično neobično jer ono što se ustvari dogodilo, a što mi danas znamo, a različiti ljudi pišu o tome, a ove podatke ovdje objavila je Bank of England, jeste da je mnogo onoga što su financije zapravo radile od sedamdesetih i osamdesetih pa nadalje bilo je u biti financiranje samih sebe: financiranje financijskog financiranja.

en-hr

And what I mean by that is finance, insurance and real estate.

כלומר, במגזרי הפיננסים, הביטוח והנדל"ן,

en-he

In fact, in the UK, something like between 10 and 20 percent of finance finds its way into the real economy, into industry, say, into the energy sector, into pharmaceuticals, into the IT sector, but most of it goes back into that acronym, FIRE: finance, insurance and real estate.

其實在英國真正進入到經濟體和產業的資金大概有百分之十到二十像是進入能源產業、製藥展業或是資訊科技產業但大部分還是回流到金融業、保險業和不動產業簡稱 FIRE

en-zh-tw

It's very conveniently called FIRE.

Si chiama FIRE [Fuoco] per un ottimo motivo.

en-it

Now, this is interesting because, in fact, it's not to say that finance is good or bad, but the degree to which, by just having to give it a name, because it actually had an income that was being generated, as opposed to pausing and asking, "What is it actually doing?" -- that was a missed opportunity.

Isso é interessante porque, de fato, não quer dizer que financiamento seja bom ou ruim, mas até o ponto de simplesmente ter que dar um nome a ele, porque havia uma renda sendo gerada, em vez de apenas perguntar: "O que ele está realmente fazendo?" foi uma oportunidade perdida.

en-pt-br

Similarly, in the real economy, in industry itself, what was happening?

그렇다면, 실제 산업경제에서는 어떤 일이 발생했습니까?

en-ko

And this real focus on prices and also share prices has created a huge problem of reinvestment, again, this real attention that both the Physiocrats and the classicals had to the degree to which the value that was being generated in the economy was in fact being reinvested back in.

Este foco nos preços e no preço das ações criou um enorme problema no reinvestimento, esta atenção que tanto os fisiocratas como os clássicos prestaram até que ponto o valor que estava a ser gerado pela economia estava a ser reinvestido.

en-pt

And so what we have today is an ultrafinancialized industrial sector where, increasingly, a share of the profits and the net income are not actually going back into production, into human capital training, into research and development but just being siphoned out in terms of buying back your own shares, which boosts stock options, which is, in fact, the way that many executives are getting paid.

Ve bugün elimizde olan şey ultra finansallaşmış bir sanayi sektörü ve orada giderek artan biçimde, hisse kârları ve net gelirler üretime, insani sermaye eğitimine, araştırma ve geliştirmeye dönmüyor, aksine kendi hisse senetlerini geri satın alma yoluyla hortumlanıyor, bu da hisse senedi opsiyonlarını yukarı itiyor ve aslında bu yolla pek çok yönetici para kazanıyor.

en-tr

And, you know, some share buybacks is absolutely fine, but this system is completely out of whack.

回購股權沒什麼大不了但這系統卻很不正常

en-zh-tw

These numbers that I'm showing you here show that in the last 10 years, 466 of the S and P 500 companies have spent over four trillion on just buying back their shares.

Burada size gösterdiğim rakamlar, son 10 yılda 500 S&P şirketinden 466'sının sadece kendi hisselerini geri almaya 4 trilyondan fazla harcadığını gösteriyor.

en-tr

And what you see then if you aggregate this up at the macroeconomic level, so if we look at aggregate business investment, which is a percentage of GDP, you also see this falling level of business investment.

E cosa si vede poi se si aggregano questo a livello macroeconomico, se guardiamo quindi agli investimenti aziendali aggregati, che sono una percentuale del PIL, si vede anche questo calo di investimenti aziendali.

en-it

And this is a problem.

I to je problem.

en-hr

This, by the way, is a huge problem for skills and job creation.

특히, 이것은 기술과 직업창출에 있어서 심각한 문제가 됩니다.

en-ko

You might have heard there's lots of attention these days to, "Are the robots taking our jobs?"

최근 많은 관심이 쏠리는 이슈 중 하나가 여러분도 들어보셨겠지만, "로봇이 인간의 직업을 대신할 것인가"입니다.

en-ko

Well, mechanization has for centuries, actually, taken jobs, but as long as profits were being reinvested back into production, then it didn't matter: new jobs appeared.

La mecanización desde hace siglos, en realidad, lo ha hecho, pero siempre y cuando las ganancias se reinvierten de nuevo en la producción, entonces no importa: aparecen nuevos trabajos

en-es

But this lack of reinvestment is, in fact, very dangerous.

Mas esta falta de reinvestimento é, de facto, muito perigosa.

en-pt

Similarly, in the pharmaceutical industry, for example, how prices are set, it's quite interesting how it doesn't look at these objective conditions of the collective way in which value is created in the economy.

예를 들면, 제약산업에 있어서 가격이 결정되는 방법을 보시면, 흥미롭게도 종합적인 방식으로 창출되는 경제적 가치의 객관적인 조건을 고려하지 않습니다.

en-ko

So in the sector where you have lots of different actors -- public, private, of course, but also third-sector organizations -- creating value, the way we actually measure value in this sector is through the price system itself.

No setor onde temos muitos atores diferentes — público, privado, claro, mas também organizações do setor terciário — a criar valor, a forma como medimos valor neste setor é através do próprio sistema de preços.

en-pt

Prices reveal value.

Cijene iskazuju vrijednost.

en-hr

So when, recently, the price of an antibiotic went up by 400 percent overnight, and the CEO was asked, "How can you do this?

Quando, recentemente, o preço de um antibiótico aumentou 400% da noite para o dia, e perguntaram ao CEO: "Como é capaz de fazer isto?

en-pt

People actually need that antibiotic.

人们需要这些抗生素。

en-zh-cn

He said, "Well, we have a moral imperative to allow prices to go what the market will bear," completely dismissing the fact that in the US, for example, the National Institutes of Health spent over 30 billion a year on the medical research that actually leads to these drugs.

da dozvolimo rast cijena koliko god tržište može izdržati," potpuno zanemarujući činjenicu da u SAD-u, na primjer, Nacionalni institut za zdravstvo troši preko 30 milijardi godišnje za medicinska istraživanja koja ustvari vode do tih lijekova.

en-hr

So, again, a lack of attention to those objective conditions and just allowing the price system itself to reveal the value.

Yani, yine, nesnel koşullara fazla dikkat etmemek ve fiyat sisteminin kendisinin değeri göstermesine izin vermekti.

en-tr

Now, this is not just an academic exercise, as interesting as it may be.

Questo non è solo un esercizio accademico, per interessante che possa essere.

en-it

All this really matters [for] how we measure output, to how we steer the economy, to whether you feel that you're productive, to which sectors we end up helping, supporting and also making people feel proud to be part of.

Todo esto realmente importa para poder medir la producción, y dirigir la economía, hacia aquello que parece productivo a cuyos sectores terminamos ayudando, apoyando y también haciendo sentir a la gente orgullosa por ser parte de ello.

en-es

In fact, going back to that quote, it's not surprising that Blankfein could say that.

De facto, voltando àquela citação, não é uma surpresa que Blankfein tenha dito tal coisa.

en-pt

In the way that we actually measure production, productivity and value in the economy, of course Goldman Sachs workers are the most productive.

從測量經濟體生產生產力和價值的方式來看高盛集團的員工當然最有生產力

en-zh-tw

They are in fact earning the most.

Fiilen en çok kazanan onlar.

en-tr

The price of their labor is revealing their value.

O preço do seu trabalho revela o seu valor.

en-pt

But this becomes tautological, of course.

我就不再贅述了

en-zh-tw

And so there's a real need to rethink.

Há uma necessidade real de repensar:

en-pt-br

We need to rethink how we're measuring output, and in fact there's some amazing experiments worldwide.

Dobbiamo ripensare la misurazione della produzione, e sono in corso in tutto il mondo esperimenti incredibili.

en-it

In New Zealand, for example, they now have a gross national happiness indicator.

Na Nova Zelândia, por exemplo, agora têm um indicador de felicidade nacional.

en-pt

In Bhutan, also, they're thinking about happiness and well-being indicators.

No Butão, estão a pensar nos indicadores de felicidade e bem-estar.

en-pt

But the problem is that we can't just be adding things in.

問題在於我們不能只是把數字加起來

en-zh-tw

We do have to pause, and I think this should be a moment for pause, given that we see so little has actually changed since the financial crisis, to make sure that we are not also confusing value extraction with value creation, so looking at what's included, not just adding more, to make sure that we're not, for example, confusing rents with profits.

이제는 잠시 멈춰야만 합니다. 금융위기 이후로 지금까지 전혀 변한 것이 없다면, 이제는 멈추어야 하는 시점이라고 생각합니다. 가치 추출과 가치 창조를 혼동하는 일이 다시는 발생하지 않게 하기 위해서, 단순히 수치를 더하는 것이 아니라, 무엇이 포함되어 있는지를 보아야 합니다. 예를 들면, 임대료와 수익을 혼동하지 않기 위해서 말입니다.

en-ko

Rents for the classicals was about unearned income.

שכ"ד בעיני הכלכלנים הקלאסיים היה הכנסה שהוחמצה.

en-he

Today, rents, when they're talked about in economics, is just an imperfection towards a competitive price that could be competed away if you take away some asymmetries.

Hoje, quando se fala em aluguéis, na economia, é somente uma imperfeição para um preço competitivo que poderia ser contestado se tirássemos algumas assimetrias.

en-pt-br

Second, we of course can steer activities into what the classicals called the "production boundary."

İkinci olarak, klasiklerin "üretim sınırı" dediği şeye faaliyetleri tabii ki yönlendirebiliriz.

en-tr

This should not be an us-versus-them, big, bad finance versus good, other sectors.

Bu, bir "bize karşı onlar," büyük ve kötü finans, diğer iyi sektörlere karşı meselesi olmamalı.

en-tr

We could reform finance.

我們能夠改良金融體系

en-zh-tw

There was a real lost opportunity in some ways after the crisis.

어떤 점에서 보면 금융위기 후에 기회를 놓쳤습니다.

en-ko

We could have had the financial transaction tax, which would have rewarded long-termism over short-termism, but we didn't decide to do that globally.

Poderíamos ter tido o imposto sobre transações financeiras, que teria recompensado o longo prazo sobre o curto prazo, mas não decidimos fazer isso globalmente.

en-pt-br

We can. We can change our minds.

Podemos ainda mudar de ideia.

en-pt-br

We can also set up new types of institutions.

Ayrıca yeni kurumlar oluşturabiliriz.

en-tr

There's different types of, for example, public financial institutions worldwide that are actually providing that patient, long-term, committed finance that helps small firms grow, that help infrastructure and innovation happen.

Nel mondo ci sono, per esempio, molti tipi di istituzioni finanziarie pubbliche che offrono finanziamenti pazienti, a lungo termine e dedicati, che aiutano le piccole imprese a crescere, aiutano le infrastrutture e l'innovazione.

en-it

But this shouldn't just be about output.

Mas isso não pode ter a ver somente com a produção,

en-pt-br

This shouldn't just be about the rate of output.

Bu sadece çıktının oranıyla ilgili olmamalı.

en-tr

We should also as a society pause and ask: What value are we even creating?

También como sociedad debemos preguntarnos qué valor estamos creando.

en-es

And I just want to end with the fact that this week we are celebrating the 50th anniversary of the Moon landing.

我想以这周我们正在庆祝登月50周年的事来结束这个演讲。

en-zh-cn

This required the public sector, the private sector, to invest and innovate in all sorts of ways, not just around aeronautics.

登月这事儿需要公共部门以及私有部门来投资和创新各种东西，不仅是航空相关的，

en-zh-cn

It included investment in areas like nutrition and materials.

Incluiu investimento em áreas como a nutrição e materiais.

en-pt

There were lots of actual mistakes that were done along the way.

Foram cometidos imensos erros nesse caminho.

en-pt

In fact, what government did was it used its full power of procurement, for example, to fuel those bottom-up solutions, of which some failed.

De fato, o governo usou todo seu poder de aquisição, por exemplo, para abastecer aquelas soluções de baixo para cima, mas algumas falharam.

en-pt-br

But are failures part of value creation?

אבל האם הכשלונות מהווים חלק ביצירה של ערך,

en-he

Or are they just mistakes?

Ili su samo greške?

en-hr

Or how do we actually also nurture the experimentation, the trial and error and error and error?

还是我们应该如何培养实验，试错，再错，再错？

en-zh-cn

Bell Labs, which was the R and D laboratory of AT and T, actually came from an era where government was quite courageous.

Bell Labs, che è stato il laboratorio R&D di AT&T, in realtà proviene da un'epoca di grande coraggio governativo.

en-it

It actually asked AT and T that in order to maintain its monopoly status, it had to reinvest its profits back into the real economy, innovation and innovation beyond telecoms.

Hükûmet AT&T'den tekel statüsünü koruması için kârını tekrar gerçek ekonomiye, yeniliklere telekomünikasyon ötesi yeniliklere yatırım olarak döndürmesini istedi.

en-tr

That was the history, the early history of Bell Labs.

这是历史，这是贝尔实验室的早期历史。

en-zh-cn

So how we can get these new conditions around reinvestment to collectively invest in new types of value directed at some of the biggest challenges of our time, like climate change?

그럼 어떻게 하면 재투자와 관련된 이러한 새로운 조건들을 새로운 유형의 가치에 일괄적으로 재투자함으로써 기후변화와 같은 우리 시대가 처한 큰 문제를 해결할 수 있을까요?

en-ko

This is a key question.

Questa è una domanda chiave.

en-it

But we should also ask ourselves, had there been a net present value calculation or a cost-benefit analysis done about whether or not to even try to go to the Moon and back again in a generation, we probably wouldn't have started.

אבל עלינו גם לשאול את עצמנו, אילו היה חישוב של ערך-נטו, או אילו היה נערך ניתוח עלות-תועלת בשאלה אם בכלל לנסות לטוס לירח ובחזרה באותו הדור, מן הסתם לא היינו מתחילים בכלל.

en-he

So thank God, because I'm an economist, and I can tell you, value is not just price.

Então ainda bem, porque sou economista e posso dizer a vocês que valor não é apenas preço.

en-pt-br

[Citizens of the world] [We face a global crisis of unprecedented scale] [Please stand by for a message from ... ] [the Secretary-General of the United Nations António Guterres] The climate emergency is the defining crisis of our time.

[شهروندان جهان] [با بحرانی جهانی در مقیاسی بی‌سابقه روبرو هستیم.] [لطفا آماده شنیدن پیامی باشید از سوی...] [دبیر کل سازمان ملل، آنتونیو گوترس] ضرورت اقلیم مشخص‌ترین بحران عصر ما است.

en-fa

We are in a race against time, and we are losing.

Suntem într-o cursă contra cronometru pe care o pierdem.

en-ro

There is a growing tide of impatience, especially among young people, with global inaction.

Există un val de nervozitate în creștere, în special în rândul tinerilor, din cauza inacțiunii globale.

en-ro

We need more ambition from all: governments, cities, businesses, investors and people everywhere.

C'è bisogno di più intraprendenza da parte di tutti: governi, città, imprese, investitori e persone da ogni parte.

en-it

So I'm pleased you are launching TED Countdown.

Ezért örülök, hogy útnak indul a TED Countdown, a Visszaszámlálás.

en-hu

Your influence and ideas can help accelerate momentum for a carbon-neutral world by 2050.

La vostra influenza e le vostre idee possono accelerare la transizione verso un mondo che raggiunga emissioni zero entro il 2050.

en-it

That is the only way to avert the worst impacts of global heating.

Essa é a única maneira de evitar os piores impactos do aquecimento global.

en-pt-br

We have the tools, the science and the resources.

Vi har verktygen, kunskapen och resurserna.

en-sv

Let us now get into this race with political will and energy.

Cerchiamo ora di entrare in questa gara con energia e determinazione politica.

en-it

To do anything less will be a betrayal of our entire human family and generations to come.

Ha ezt nem tesszük meg, eláruljuk az egész emberiséget és az eljövendő generációkat.

en-hu

Announcer: And now, please welcome one of the architects of the Paris Climate Agreement Christiana Figueres and the head of TED, Chris Anderson.

Speaker: Låt oss välkomna en av arkitekterna bakom Parisavtalet Christiana Figueres och ledaren för TED, Chris Anderson.

en-sv

(Applause) Chris Anderson: Welcome, welcome.

(Applåder) Chris Anderson: Välkomna, välkomna.

en-sv

Something remarkable is going to happen in the next hour.

Något märkvärdigt händer den kommande timmen.

en-sv

The world's single most alarming challenge, which looks something like this ...

نگران‌کننده ترین چالش جهان که چیزی مثل این است...

en-fa

is about to go head-to-head with some of the world's most amazing minds and courageous hearts, which look something like you.

ska mötas av några av världens skarpaste hjärnor och modigaste själar och det verkar vara ni.

en-sv

The extraordinary audience we have here in New York and around the world.

مخاطبین فوق‌العاده‌ای که در نیویورک و سرتاسر دنیا داریم.

en-fa

Christiana, it's quite the crowd we get to hang out with this morning.

Christiana, avem o audiență mare în această dimineață.

en-ro

Christiana Figueres: It sure is, no kidding.

کریستینا فیگورز: بی‌شوخی همینطوره.

en-fa

It's a good thing that everyone is here together, because actually, this initiative that we're just about to launch needs everyone to participate.

E un lucru bun că suntem cu toții împreună aici deoarece această inițiativă pe care urmează să o lansăm are nevoie de participarea fiecăruia dintre noi.

en-ro

Countdown.

en-it

CA: Countdown is a global initiative to cut greenhouse gas emissions.

CA: Countdown è un'iniziativa globale tesa a tagliare le emissioni dei gas serra.

en-it

It's seeking bold solutions in five big areas, imagining what could be achieved if different groups broke out of their silos and acted together.

ce caută soluții îndrăznețe în cinci mari domenii. Imaginați-vă ce am putea realiza dacă mai multe grupuri ar ieși din turnul lor de fildeș și ar acționa împreună.

en-ro

Starting today, you can go to countdown.ted.com and sign up to join the Countdown.

החל מהיום, אפשר להיכנס לאתר countdown.ted.com ולהצטרף לספירה לאחור.

en-he

Early in 2020, we'll be sharing plans on how you can connect with others in your company, your city or your school to engage in this issue.

All'inizio del 2020, dirameremo delle soluzioni su come potrete connettervi con altri nella vostra azienda, città o scuola per coinvolgerli su questo tema.

en-it

It's all leading up to global gatherings on 10.10.2020.

که در کل منتهی به گرد‌همایی‌های جهانی در ۲۰۲۰/۱۰/۱۰ می شود.

en-fa

Everyone in the world is invited to participate.

Tutte le persone al mondo sono invitate a partecipare.

en-it

CF: And so that's why, although I've been part of many initiatives along the years, I'm really excited about this one.

Det är därför, även om jag varit med i många projekt genom åren, är jag verkligen är taggad inför detta.

en-sv

Because Countdown is an invitation to everyone, everyone, to play their part in saving our planet and creating an exciting future.

Mert a Visszaszámlálásra mindenkit, de mindenkit várunk, hogy szerepet vállaljon bolygónk megmentésében, és egy izgalmas jövő teremtésében.

en-hu

Politicians and citizens, CEOs and their customers, their employees, their investors, old and young, north and south.

Políticos e cidadãos, CEOs e seus clientes, seus empregados, seus investidores, velhos e jovens, norte e sul.

en-pt-br