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Since I'm a photographer, I like the way it's lit and looks. | Είμαι φωτογράφος και μου αρέσει ο φωτισμός και η άποψη. | en-el |
Petter Johansson: But now comes the trick. | ΠΓ: Όμως τώρα έρχεται το κόλπο. | en-el |
(Video) Woman 1: This one. | (ویدیو) زن ۱: این یکی. | en-fa |
PJ: So they get the opposite of their choice. | PJ: Sie bekommen also das Gegenteil ihrer Wahl. | en-de |
And let's see what happens. | Ve bakalım neler oluyor. | en-tr |
Woman 2: Um ... | Женщина 2: Хм... | en-ru |
I think he seems a little more innocent than the other guy. | 我覺得他看起來比另一個人無辜些。 | en-zh-tw |
Man: The one on the left. | (男性) 左の方 | en-ja |
I like her smile and contour of the nose and face. | 我喜欢它的笑容, 还有她鼻子和脸的轮廓。 | en-zh-cn |
So it's a little more interesting to me, and her haircut. | É um pouquinho mais atraente pra mim, além do cabelo. | en-pt-br |
Woman 3: This one. | Donna 3: Questa. | en-it |
I like the smirky look better. | Prefiro o de sorriso maroto. | en-pt-br |
PJ: You like the smirky look better? | 佩特:你比較喜歡嘻嘻笑的外表? | en-zh-tw |
(Laughter) Woman 3: This one. | (Gülüşme) Kadın 3: Bu. | en-tr |
PJ: What made you choose him? | 佩特:你為什麼選他? | en-zh-tw |
Woman 3: I don't know, he looks a little bit like the Hobbit. | 여자: 글쎄요, 그냥 약간 호빗을 닮은 거 같아서요. | en-ko |
(Laughter) PJ: And what happens in the end when I tell them the true nature of the experiment? | (Сміх) Пітер: А що відбувається вкінці, коли я розповім їм про справжню природу цього експерименту? | en-uk |
Yeah, that's it. I just have to ask a few questions. | 네, 여기까지 입니다. 몇 가지 질문이 있는데요. | en-ko |
Man: Sure. | الرجل: بالطبع. ب.ج: ما هو رأيك في هذه التجربة، أكانت سهلة أم صعبة؟ | en-ar |
Man: It was easy. | Hombre: Fácil. | en-es |
PJ: During the experiments, I actually switched the pictures three times. | ΠΓ: Ενώ γινόταν το πείραμα, άλλαξα θέση στις φωτογραφίες τρεις φορές. | en-el |
Was this anything you noticed? | 你有注意到什么了吗? | en-zh-cn |
Man: No. I didn't notice any of that. | Чоловік: Ні. Я нічого такого не помітив. | en-uk |
PJ: Not at all? Man: No. | 佩特:完全沒有? 男子:沒有。 | en-zh-tw |
Switching the pictures as far as ... | 写真をすり替えたというのは— | en-ja |
PJ: Yeah, you were pointing at one of them but I actually gave you the opposite. | PJ: Claro, tú elegías una, pero yo te daba la otra. | en-es |
Man: The opposite one. OK, when you -- No. Shows you how much my attention span was. | 남자: 반대쪽 사진이라고요. 그렇군요. 몰랐어요. 제 집중력이 얼마나 가는지 보는 거군요. | en-ko |
(Laughter) PJ: Did you notice that sometimes during the experiment I switched the pictures? | (웃음) 피터: 실험을 진행하면서 제가 때때로 사진을 바꿨다는 것을 눈치챘나요? | en-ko |
Woman 2: No, I did not notice that. | Mulher 2: Não, não percebi. | en-pt-br |
PJ: You were pointing at one, but then I gave you the other one. | پ ژ: شما به یکی اشاره میکردید، اما من دیگری را به شما دادم. | en-fa |
No inclination of that happening? | Жодної здогадки, що ж відбувається? | en-uk |
Woman 2: No. | Жінка 2: Ні. | en-uk |
Woman 2: I did not notice. | Donna 2: Non l'ho notato. | en-it |
(Laughs) PJ: Thank you. | (웃음) 피터: 감사합니다. | en-ko |
Woman 2: Thank you. | 女士2:谢谢。 (短片结束) | en-zh-cn |
PJ: OK, so as you probably figured out now, the trick is that I have two cards in each hand, and when I hand one of them over, the black one kind of disappears into the black surface on the table. | PJ: Wie Sie sicher erkannt haben, bestand der Trick darin, dass ich 2 Karten auf der Hand hatte. Als ich ihnen eine gab, verschwand die schwarze in der schwarzen Oberfläche auf dem Tisch. | en-de |
So using pictures like this, normally not more than 20 percent of the participants detect these tries. | 이러한 사진을 이용하면 대개 20%가 안되는 참가자만이 이 속임수를 알아챕니다. | en-ko |
And as you saw in the movie, when in the end we explain what's going on, they're very surprised and often refuse to believe the trick has been made. | 正如你在影片中看到的, 最后我向他们解释 发生了什么的时候, 他们都非常的惊讶并且通常 拒绝相信其中有诈。 | en-zh-cn |
So this shows that this effect is quite robust and a genuine effect. | Dakle, ovo pokazuje da je dati efekat prilično snažan i autentičan. | en-sr |
But if you're interested in self-knowledge, as I am, the more interesting bit is, OK, so what did they say when they explained these choices? | لكن إن كنت مهتمًا بمعرفة الذات، مثلي، فالجزء المثير أكثر هو، حسنًا، ما الذي قالوه عندما قمنا بشرح هذه الاختيارات؟ | en-ar |
So we've done a lot of analysis of the verbal reports in these experiments. | پس ما در این آزمایش تحلیلهای زیادی بر روی گزارشهای کلامی انجام دادیم. | en-fa |
And this graph simply shows that if you compare what they say in a manipulated trial with a nonmanipulated trial, that is when they explain a normal choice they've made and one where we manipulated the outcome, we find that they are remarkably similar. | و این نمودار به سادگی نشان میدهد که اگر چیزهایی که در یک آزمایش دستکاری شده گفتند را با یک آزمایش دستکاری نشده مقایسه کنیم، این وقتی است که انتخاب طبیعی خود را توضیح میدهند و این یکی ما خروجی را دستکاری کردیم، متوجه شدیم که به میزان قابل توجهی یکسان هستند. | en-fa |
So they are just as emotional, just as specific, and they are expressed with the same level of certainty. | Sie sind genauso emotional, genauso spezifisch und genauso sicher ausgedrückt. | en-de |
So the strong conclusion to draw from this is that if there are no differences between a real choice and a manipulated choice, perhaps we make things up all the time. | Nu zou je hieruit kunnen concluderen dat als er geen verschillen zijn tussen een echte keuze en een gemanipuleerde keuze, dat we voortdurend maar wat verzinnen. | en-nl |
But we've also done studies where we try to match what they say with the actual faces. | ولكننا أيضًا قمنا بدراسات حيث حاولنا الربط بين ما قالوه وبين الوجوه الفعلية على البطاقات. | en-ar |
And then we find things like this. | Y descubrimos esto. | en-es |
So here, this male participant, he preferred the girl to the left, he ended up with the one to the right. | Aqui, um participante preferiu a moça à esquerda, mas acabou com a da direita, | en-pt-br |
And then, he explained his choice like this. | Έπειτα εξήγησε την επιλογή του ως εξής: | en-el |
"She is radiant. | "그녀는 빛나요. | en-ko |
I would rather have approached her at the bar than the other one. | В баре я бы подошёл скорее к ней, чем к какой-то другой. | en-ru |
And I like earrings." | Y me gustan los pendientes". | en-es |
And whatever made him choose the girl on the left to begin with, it can't have been the earrings, because they were actually sitting on the girl on the right. | فأيًا كان الذي دفعه لاختيار الفتاة التي على اليسار في البداية، إلا أنه لا يمكن أن يكون الأقراط، لأن الأقراط كانت في الواقع في أذني الفتاة التي على اليمين. | en-ar |
So this is a clear example of a post hoc construction. | これは事後的な理由付けの 分かりやすい例です | en-ja |
So they just explained the choice afterwards. | Ze verklaarden hun keuze dus gewoon achteraf. | en-nl |
So what this experiment shows is, OK, so if we fail to detect that our choices have been changed, we will immediately start to explain them in another way. | Ciò che mostra questo esperimento è che quando non ci accorgiamo che le nostre scelte sono state modificate iniziamo immediatamente a giustificarle in un altro modo. | en-it |
And what we also found is that the participants often come to prefer the alternative, that they were led to believe they liked. | Também descobrimos que os participantes geralmente passam a preferir a outra opção a que foram induzidos a acreditar que gostavam. | en-pt-br |
So if we let them do the choice again, they will now choose the face they had previously rejected. | O sea que, si les damos a elegir de nuevo, eligen la imagen que antes habían rechazado. | en-es |
So this is the effect we call "choice blindness." | 這個效應是所謂的「選擇盲目」。 | en-zh-tw |
And we've done a number of different studies -- we've tried consumer choices, choices based on taste and smell and even reasoning problems. | Realizamos diversos estudos: tentamos com escolhas de consumo, escolhas baseadas em cheiro e até em solução de problemas. | en-pt-br |
But what you all want to know is of course does this extend also to more complex, more meaningful choices? | Pero lo que queremos saber es si esta conducta también rige decisiones más complejas e importantes. | en-es |
Like those concerning moral and political issues. | Por ejemplo, las relacionadas con cuestiones morales y políticas. | en-es |
So the next experiment, it needs a little bit of a background. | 그래서 다음 실험의 경우에는 배경 지식이 조금 필요합니다. | en-ko |
So in Sweden, the political landscape is dominated by a left-wing and a right-wing coalition. | Dakle, u Švedskoj političkom scenom dominiraju koalicije levog i desnog krila. | en-sr |
And the voters may move a little bit between the parties within each coalition, but there is very little movement between the coalitions. | Голоса избирателей могут чуть перемещаться между партиями в рамках каждой коалиции и лишь совсем незначительно перемещаться между коалициями. | en-ru |
And before each elections, the newspapers and the polling institutes put together what they call "an election compass" which consists of a number of dividing issues that sort of separates the two coalitions. | Vor jeder Wahl entwickeln Zeitungen und Meinungsforschungsinstitute einen sogenannten Wahlkompass, der aus Positionen besteht, in denen sich die Seiten voneinander unterscheiden. | en-de |
Things like if tax on gasoline should be increased or if the 13 months of paid parental leave should be split equally between the two parents in order to increase gender equality. | Bijvoorbeeld of de belasting op benzine moet worden verhoogd of dat de 13 maanden betaald ouderschapsverlof gelijkelijk over beide ouders moet worden verdeeld om gendergelijkheid te bevorderen. | en-nl |
So, before the last Swedish election, we created an election compass of our own. | 所以,在上次瑞典大選之前, 我們做了我們自己的選舉羅盤。 | en-zh-tw |
So we walked up to people in the street and asked if they wanted to do a quick political survey. | 通りで人をつかまえて 政治についての簡単なアンケートに 協力してほしいと頼みました | en-ja |
So first we had them state their voting intention between the two coalitions. | Сначала мы просили их указать свои предпочтения между двумя коалициями. | en-ru |
Then we asked them to answer 12 of these questions. | Далі ми попросили їх дати відповідь на 12 запитань. | en-uk |
They would fill in their answers, and we would ask them to discuss, so OK, why do you think tax on gas should be increased? | 他們會填寫他們的答案, 接著我們會請他們討論, 好,那你為什麼認為 汽油稅應該要提高? | en-zh-tw |
And we'd go through the questions. | I prolazili bismo kroz pitanja. | en-sr |
Then we had a color coded template that would allow us to tally their overall score. | 然后我们用涂有颜色的模版 记录他们的总分数。 | en-zh-cn |
So this person would have one, two, three, four five, six, seven, eight, nine scores to the left, so he would lean to the left, basically. | Donc cette personne avait un, deux, trois, quatre, cinq, six, sept, huit, neuf points à gauche. Bref, elle penchait plutôt à gauche. | en-fr |
And in the end, we also had them fill in their voting intention once more. | و در پایان، همچنین از آنها میخواستیم تا رایشان را دوباره بنویسند، | en-fa |
But of course, there was also a trick involved. | لكن بالطبع، كانت هناك خدعة أيضًا. | en-ar |
So first, we walked up to people, we asked them about their voting intention and then when they started filling in, we would fill in a set of answers going in the opposite direction. | إذن أولًا نذهب إلى الناس، ونسألهم عن نيتهم في الاقتراع وعندما يبدأون بملء الإجابات، نملأ نحن مجموعة إجابات أخرى في الاتجاه المعاكس. | en-ar |
We would put it under the notepad. | Мы держали его под блокнотом. | en-ru |
And when we get the questionnaire, we would simply glue it on top of the participant's own answer. | Anketi aldığımızda katılımcının cevaplarının üzerine basitçe yapıştırdık. | en-tr |
So there, it's gone. | 就這樣,它不見了。 | en-zh-tw |
And then we would ask about each of the questions: How did you reason here? | После мы просили дать пояснения к каждому вопросу. Какая здесь была аргументация? | en-ru |
And they'll state the reasons, together we will sum up their overall score. | 相手は理由を述べ 一緒に全体のスコアを数えます | en-ja |
And in the end, they will state their voting intention again. | و در انتها، آنها دوباره رأی خود را بیان میکردند. | en-fa |
So what we find first of all here, is that very few of these manipulations are detected. | Αρχικά, αυτό που βρίσκουμε εδώ, είναι ότι πολύ λίγοι από αυτούς τους χειρισμούς εντοπίζονται. | en-el |
And they're not detected in the sense that they realize, "OK, you must have changed my answer," it was more the case that, "OK, I must've misunderstood the question the first time I read it. | И они были выявлены не в том смысле, что были опознаны: «Так, похоже, вы заменили мой ответ», а в таком ключе, что: «Так, похоже, я в первый раз неправильно понял вопрос, | en-ru |
Can I please change it?" | Est-ce que je peux la changer ? | en-fr |
And even if a few of these manipulations were changed, the overall majority was missed. | Ve bu manipülasyonların küçük bir kısmı değiştirildiyse bile büyük çoğunluk farkına varmıyordu. | en-tr |
So we managed to switch 90 percent of the participants' answers from left to right, right to left, their overall profile. | 그래서 우리는 참가자들이 처음 답변한 것의 90%를 왼쪽에서 오른쪽, 혹은 오른쪽에서 왼쪽으로 바꾸는 데 성공했죠. | en-ko |
And what happens then when they are asked to motivate their choices? | Что же происходило, когда их просили пояснить свои ответы? | en-ru |
And here we find much more interesting verbal reports than compared to the faces. | 在這裡,我們得到的口頭報告, 比之前面孔比較時的更有意思許多。 | en-zh-tw |
People say things like this, and I'll read it to you. | Les gens disent des choses comme ça, et je vais vous les lire : | en-fr |
So, "Large-scale governmental surveillance of email and internet traffic ought to be permissible as means to combat international crime and terrorism." | "Державний нагляд за трафіком електронної пошти та інтернет-трафіком має бути допустимим як засіб боротьби з міжнародною злочинністю та тероризмом." | en-uk |
"So you agree to some extent with this statement." "Yes." | 「所以,你對這段陳述 算是認同。」「是的。」 | en-zh-tw |
"So how did you reason here?" | "Ja." "Was war Ihre Überlegung dazu?" | en-de |
"Well, like, as it is so hard to get at international crime and terrorism, I think there should be those kinds of tools." | "Yani, uluslararası suç ve teröre ulaşabilmek çok zor olduğundan bence bu gibi araçlar kullanılmalı." | en-tr |
And then the person remembers an argument from the newspaper in the morning. | 接著,這個人記起 在早報上的一段論述。 | en-zh-tw |
"Like in the newspaper today, it said they can like, listen to mobile phones from prison, if a gang leader tries to continue his crimes from inside. | "No jornal de hoje, estava escrito que eles podem ouvir conversas via celular em prisões, caso um criminoso tente dar continuidade aos seus crimes de dentro da prisão. | en-pt-br |
And I think it's madness that we have so little power that we can't stop those things when we actually have the possibility to do so." | 犯罪を抑止できる 可能性があるのに その力をほとんど 使えないとしたら 馬鹿げていると思います」 | en-ja |
And then there's a little bit back and forth in the end: "I don't like that they have access to everything I do, but I still think it's worth it in the long run." | Τελικά αμφιταλαντεύονται λίγο: «Δεν μου αρέσει που έχουν πρόσβαση σε ό,τι κάνω, αλλά εξακολουθώ να πιστεύω ότι αξίζει μακροπρόθεσμα». | en-el |
So, if you didn't know that this person just took part in a choice blindness experiment, I don't think you would question that this is the true attitude of that person. | Dakle, ukoliko ne biste znali da je ova osoba upravo učestvovala u opitu zaslepljenosti izborom, mislim da ne biste dovodili u pitanje to da je ovo istinski stav date osobe. | en-sr |
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