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▁old ▁naval ▁vessels . ▁ ▁History ▁During ▁the ▁Golden ▁Age ▁of ▁Pi racy ▁the ▁island ▁has ▁been ▁rum ored ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁the ▁ha unt ▁of ▁pir ates . ▁North ▁Sound ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁anch orage ▁for ▁pir ates ▁who ▁would ▁have ▁used ▁an ▁“ s ” ▁route ▁through ▁E ust atia ▁Sound ▁to ▁gain ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁open ▁waters ▁of ▁the ▁Car ib bean ▁Sea ▁to ▁escape ▁British ▁ships ▁blocking ▁the ▁entrance ▁and ▁exit ▁to ▁North ▁Sound . ▁This ▁route ▁required ▁superior ▁ste ering ▁and ▁int imate ▁knowledge ▁of ▁the ▁many ▁sho als ▁and ▁cut s ▁through ▁the ▁re ef s ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁not ▁run ▁a ground . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁E ust atia ▁Island ▁Official ▁Site ▁ ▁Category : Is lands ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Virgin ▁Islands ▁Category : Private ▁islands <0x0A> </s> ▁Dor an ▁is ▁an ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁in ▁T az ew ell ▁County , ▁Virginia , ▁United ▁States . ▁Dor an ▁is ▁located ▁along ▁the ▁C lin ch ▁River , ▁U . S . ▁Route ▁ 4 6 0 ▁and ▁Virginia ▁State ▁Route ▁ 6 7 ▁between ▁Rich lands ▁and ▁R aven . ▁Dor an ▁has ▁a ▁post ▁office ▁with ▁Z IP ▁code ▁ 2 4 6 1 2 . ▁The ▁community ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁Joseph ▁I . ▁Dor an , ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁general ▁coun sel ▁for ▁the ▁Nor folk ▁and ▁Western ▁Railway . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁T az ew ell ▁County , |
▁Virginia ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Virginia <0x0A> </s> ▁What ' s ▁In ▁The ▁F ridge ? ▁( Ch inese : ▁ <0xE5> <0x86> <0xB0> <0xE7> <0xAE> <0xB1> 的 <0xE7> <0xA7> <0x98> 密 ) ▁is ▁a ▁variety ▁cook ing ▁show ▁produced ▁by ▁Media cor p ▁Channel ▁ 8 . ▁It ▁is ▁hosted ▁by ▁three ▁of ▁a ▁rot ating ▁team ▁of ▁four ▁hosts ▁consisting ▁of ▁Mark ▁Lee , ▁Viv ian ▁La i , ▁Ch ua ▁En ▁La i ▁and ▁P orn sak . ▁The ▁cook ing ▁show ▁eng ages ▁contest ants ▁in ▁a ▁health y ▁cook ing ▁competition , ▁using ▁food ▁ing red ients ▁found ▁in ▁designated ▁re fr iger ators . ▁ ▁Seg ments ▁ <0xE7> <0x9B> <0xB2> 选 ABC ▁ <0xE6> <0x8C> <0x91> 选 <0xE5> <0x86> <0xB0> <0xE7> <0xAE> <0xB1> 1 2 3 ▁ ▁Gu ests ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Media cor p ▁Channel ▁ 8 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Cook ing ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁Singapore an ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁Singapore an ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : Channel ▁ 8 ▁( Sing ap ore ) ▁shows <0x0A> </s> ▁And res ▁Kur rik off ▁( 1 8 6 3 – 1 9 2 5 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Est onian ▁far mer ▁and ▁politician . ▁ ▁Kur rik off ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁October ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁in ▁P är st i , ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Vil j and i ▁County . ▁He |
▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Est onian ▁Provin cial ▁Assembly , ▁which ▁govern ed ▁the ▁Aut onom ous ▁Governor ate ▁of ▁Est onia ▁between ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 1 9 ; ▁he ▁served ▁the ▁full ▁term . ▁He ▁did ▁not ▁sit ▁in ▁the ▁newly ▁formed ▁Republic ▁of ▁Est onia ' s ▁As ut av ▁K og u ▁( Const itu ent ▁Assembly ) ▁or ▁its ▁Ri ig ik og u ▁( Par liament ). ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁August ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁in ▁P är st i . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 2 5 ▁death s ▁Category : E ston ian ▁far mers ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Est onian ▁Provin cial ▁Assembly ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Vil j and i ▁Par ish <0x0A> </s> ▁England ▁ ▁Head ▁Co ach : ▁Geoff ▁Co oke ▁▁ ▁Rob ▁Andrew ▁ ▁Neil ▁Back ▁ ▁Stuart ▁Bar nes ▁ ▁Martin ▁Bay field ▁ ▁Ky ran ▁Bra cken ▁ ▁Jonathan ▁Call ard ▁ ▁Will ▁Car ling ▁( c .) ▁ ▁Mike ▁C att ▁ ▁Ben ▁Clar ke ▁ ▁Graham ▁Da we ▁ ▁Phil ▁de ▁G lan ville ▁ ▁Jon ▁Hall ▁ ▁Ian ▁Hunter ▁ ▁Martin ▁Johnson ▁ ▁Jason ▁Leonard ▁ ▁Brian ▁Moore ▁ ▁D ew i ▁Morris ▁ ▁Steve ▁O j om oh ▁ ▁David ▁P ears ▁ ▁N ig el ▁Red man ▁ ▁Dean ▁Rich ards ▁ ▁Tim ▁Rod ber ▁ ▁Graham ▁Row nt ree ▁ |
▁Dean ▁Ryan ▁ ▁Victor ▁U b og u ▁ ▁R ory ▁Under wood ▁ ▁Tony ▁Under wood ▁ ▁France ▁ ▁Head ▁Co ach : ▁Pierre ▁Ber b iz ier ▁▁ ▁Guy ▁Acc oce berry ▁ ▁Louis ▁Ar mary ▁ ▁Ab del atif ▁Ben az zi ▁ ▁Philippe ▁Ben et ton ▁ ▁Laurent ▁B ene zech ▁ ▁Philippe ▁Bern at - S alles ▁ ▁X avier ▁Bl ond ▁ ▁Oliv ier ▁Br ou zet ▁ ▁Laurent ▁Cab annes ▁ ▁Marc ▁Cec illon ▁ ▁Y ann ▁D ela igue ▁ ▁Philippe ▁Gall art ▁ ▁Fab ien ▁G alth ie ▁ ▁Jean - Mich el ▁Gonz ales ▁ ▁St é ph ane ▁Gra ou ▁ ▁Th ier ry ▁Lac ro ix ▁ ▁Fab rice ▁Land re au ▁ ▁Leon ▁Lo ppy ▁ ▁A lain ▁Mac ab ia u ▁ ▁Oliv ier ▁Mer le ▁ ▁Fran ck ▁Mes nel ▁ ▁Pierre ▁Mont la ur ▁ ▁É mile ▁N t am ack ▁ ▁A lain ▁P ena ud ▁ ▁Oliv ier ▁Rou mat ▁( c .) ▁ ▁Jean - L uc ▁Sad our ny ▁ ▁Philippe ▁Saint - And ré ▁( c .) * ▁ ▁Laurent ▁Se igne ▁ ▁Philippe ▁S ella ▁ ▁William ▁T éch ou ey res ▁ ▁* capt ain ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁game ▁ ▁Ireland ▁ ▁Head ▁Co ach : ▁Ger ry ▁Mur phy ▁▁ ▁Michael ▁Brad ley ▁( c .) ▁ ▁C iar an ▁Clar ke ▁ ▁Peter ▁Clo h ess y ▁ ▁V ince ▁C unning ham ▁ ▁Phil ▁Dan ah er |
▁ ▁Eric ▁El wood ▁ ▁Maurice ▁Field ▁ ▁Neil ▁Francis ▁ ▁M ick ▁Gal we y ▁ ▁Simon ▁Ge og he gan ▁ ▁Gar ret ▁Hal pin ▁ ▁P addy ▁Joh ns ▁ ▁Terry ▁King ston ▁ ▁Alan ▁Mac G owan ▁ ▁Den is ▁Mc B ride ▁ ▁Mark ▁Mc Call ▁ ▁Paul ▁Mc Car thy ▁ ▁Ken ▁O ' Con nell ▁ ▁Con or ▁O ' She a ▁ ▁Nick ▁Po pp le well ▁ ▁Brian ▁Robinson ▁ ▁Rob ▁Sau nd ers ▁ ▁David ▁Twe ed ▁ ▁Richard ▁Wal lace ▁ ▁Keith ▁Wood ▁ ▁Scotland ▁ ▁Head ▁Co ach : ▁Jim ▁Tel fer ▁▁ ▁Gary ▁Arm strong ▁ ▁Paul ▁Burn ell ▁ ▁Craig ▁Chal mers ▁ ▁Michael ▁D ods ▁ ▁Neil ▁Edwards ▁ ▁G av in ▁H ast ings ▁( c .) ▁ ▁Scott ▁H ast ings ▁ ▁Carl ▁Hog g ▁ ▁Ian ▁J ard ine ▁ ▁Ken ny ▁Log an ▁ ▁Kevin ▁McK en zie ▁ ▁Ken ny ▁Mil ne ▁ ▁I ain ▁Mor r ison ▁ ▁Sh ade ▁Mun ro ▁ ▁Andy ▁Nicol ▁ ▁Bry an ▁Red path ▁ ▁Andy ▁Re ed ▁ ▁All an ▁Sh arp ▁ ▁Ian ▁Smith ▁ ▁Tony ▁St anger ▁ ▁D erek ▁St ark ▁ ▁Greg or ▁Town send ▁ ▁D erek ▁Turn b ull ▁ ▁Rob ▁W ain w right ▁ ▁Peter ▁Wal ton ▁ ▁Alan ▁W att ▁ ▁D od die ▁We ir ▁ ▁Peter ▁Wright ▁ ▁Douglas ▁Wy ll ie ▁ ▁Wales ▁ ▁Head ▁Co ach : ▁Alan ▁Dav ies ▁▁ ▁Tony |
▁Clement ▁ ▁Tony ▁Cop sey ▁ ▁John ▁D . ▁Dav ies ▁ ▁N ig el ▁Dav ies ▁ ▁Phil ▁Dav ies ▁ ▁I e uan ▁Evans ▁( c .) ▁ ▁R icky ▁Evans ▁ ▁Michael ▁Hall ▁ ▁Simon ▁Hill ▁ ▁Gar in ▁Jenkins ▁ ▁Neil ▁Jenkins ▁ ▁Robert ▁Jones ▁ ▁E my r ▁Lewis ▁ ▁G are th ▁L le wel lyn ▁( c .) * ▁ ▁Robin ▁Mc B ry de ▁ ▁Ru pert ▁Moon ▁ ▁Mark ▁Per ego ▁ ▁Wayne ▁Pro ctor ▁ ▁Scott ▁Qu inn ell ▁ ▁Mike ▁R ayer ▁ ▁H emi ▁Taylor ▁ ▁N ig el ▁Walker ▁ ▁Barry ▁Williams ▁ ▁H uw ▁Williams - J ones ▁ ▁* capt ain ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁game ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : S ix ▁Nations ▁Championship ▁squad s <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁David son ▁( 1 1 ▁April ▁ 1 8 5 7 ▁– ▁ 2 3 ▁March ▁ 1 9 0 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Scottish ▁poet , ▁play w right ▁and ▁novel ist , ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁ball ads . ▁He ▁also ▁did ▁transl ations ▁from ▁French ▁and ▁German . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 9 , ▁financial ▁difficulties , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁physical ▁and ▁mental ▁health ▁problems , ▁led ▁to ▁his ▁suic ide . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁works ▁ ▁Scotland ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁at ▁Bar r head , ▁East ▁Ren f rew shire ▁as ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Alexander ▁David son , ▁an ▁Evangel ical ▁Union ▁minister ▁and ▁Helen ▁n ée ▁Cro cket ▁of ▁El gin |
. ▁His ▁family ▁removed ▁to ▁Green ock ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁High land ers ' ▁Academy ▁there ▁and ▁entered ▁the ▁chemical ▁labor atory ▁of ▁Walker ' s ▁Sug ar house ▁ref in ery ▁in ▁his ▁ 1 3 th ▁year , ▁returning ▁after ▁one ▁year ▁to ▁school ▁as ▁a ▁pup il ▁teacher . ▁ ▁In ▁Public ▁Anal yst s ' ▁Office , ▁ 1 8 7 0 – 7 1 . ▁In ▁these ▁employ ments ▁he ▁developed ▁an ▁interest ▁in ▁science ▁which ▁became ▁an ▁important ▁characteristic ▁of ▁his ▁poetry . ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 2 ▁he ▁returned ▁for ▁four ▁years ▁to ▁the ▁High land ers ' ▁Academy ▁as ▁a ▁pup il - te acher , ▁and , ▁after ▁a ▁year ▁at ▁Edinburgh ▁University ▁( 1 8 7 6 – 7 7 ), ▁received ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁his ▁first ▁sch ol astic ▁employ ment ▁at ▁Alexander ' s ▁Char ity , ▁Glasgow . ▁During ▁the ▁next ▁six ▁years ▁he ▁held ▁positions ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁schools ▁: ▁Per th ▁Academy ▁( 1 8 7 8 – 8 1 ), ▁Kel v inside ▁Academy , ▁Glasgow ▁( 1 8 8 1 – 8 2 ), ▁and ▁H utch inson ' s ▁Char ity , ▁P ais ley ▁( 1 8 8 3 – 8 4 ). ▁He ▁varied ▁his ▁career ▁by ▁sp ending ▁a ▁year ▁as ▁cl erk ▁in ▁a ▁Glasgow ▁thread ▁firm ▁( 1 8 8 4 – 8 5 ), ▁and ▁subsequently ▁taught |
▁in ▁Mor r ison ' s ▁Academy , ▁C rie ff ▁( 1 8 8 5 – 8 8 ), ▁and ▁in ▁a ▁private ▁school ▁at ▁Green ock ▁( 1 8 8 8 – 8 9 ). ▁ ▁London ▁Having ▁taken ▁to ▁literature , ▁he ▁went ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 9 ▁to ▁London ▁where ▁he ▁frequ ented ▁' Y e ▁Ol de ▁Ch esh ire ▁Che ese ' ▁ ▁and ▁joined ▁the ▁' R h ym ers ' ▁Club '. ▁David son ' s ▁first ▁published ▁work ▁was ▁ ▁Bruce , ▁a ▁chron icle ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁Elizabeth an ▁manner , ▁which ▁appeared ▁with ▁a ▁Glasgow ▁im print ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 6 . ▁Four ▁other ▁plays , ▁Smith , ▁a ▁T rag ic ▁Far ce ▁( 1 8 8 8 ), ▁An ▁Un histor ical ▁Past oral ▁( 1 8 8 9 ), ▁A rom antic ▁Far ce ▁( 1 8 8 9 ), ▁and ▁the ▁brilliant ▁p antom im ic ▁Sc aram ouch ▁in ▁N ax os ▁( 1 8 8 9 ) ▁were ▁also ▁published ▁while ▁he ▁was ▁in ▁Scotland . ▁ ▁Besides ▁writing ▁for ▁the ▁Spe aker , ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁Her ald , ▁and ▁other ▁papers , ▁he ▁produced ▁several ▁nov els ▁and ▁tales , ▁of ▁which ▁the ▁best ▁was ▁Per fer vid ▁( 1 8 9 0 ). ▁But ▁these ▁pro se ▁works ▁were ▁written ▁for ▁a ▁liv elihood . ▁ ▁Ver se ▁ ▁David son ' s ▁true ▁medium ▁was ▁verse . ▁ ▁In ▁a |
▁Music ▁Hall ▁and ▁other ▁Po ems ▁( 1 8 9 1 ) ▁suggested ▁what ▁Fle et ▁Street ▁E c log ues ▁( 1 8 9 3 ) ▁proved , ▁that ▁David son ▁possessed ▁a ▁genu ine ▁and ▁distinct ive ▁po etic ▁gift . ▁The ▁late ▁nin ete enth ▁century ▁English ▁novel ist ▁George ▁G iss ing ▁read ▁both ▁these ▁volumes ▁in ▁one ▁day ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁at ▁the ▁British ▁Museum ▁Library . ▁Ye ats ▁had ▁words ▁of ▁pra ise ▁for ▁In ▁a ▁Music ▁Hall . ▁He ▁called ▁it , ▁" An ▁example ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁writer ▁seeking ▁out ▁' new ▁subject ▁matter , ▁new ▁emot ions ' ". ▁Ye ats ▁wrote ▁of ▁his ▁emot ional ▁dispute ▁with ▁David son ▁in ▁Aut obi ograph ies ▁( 1 9 5 5 ). ▁The ▁second ▁collection ▁established ▁his ▁reputation ▁among ▁the ▁disc ern ing ▁few . ▁His ▁early ▁plays ▁were ▁repub lished ▁in ▁one ▁volume ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 4 , ▁and ▁hence forward ▁he ▁turned ▁his ▁attention ▁more ▁and ▁more ▁completely ▁to ▁verse . ▁A ▁volume ▁of ▁vig orous ▁Ball ads ▁and ▁Songs ▁( 1 8 9 4 ), ▁his ▁most ▁popular ▁work , ▁which ▁David son ▁sent ▁a ▁copy ▁of ▁to ▁George ▁G iss ing , ▁who ▁wrote ▁that ▁it ▁" g ave ▁me ▁thoughts ", ▁was ▁followed ▁in ▁turn ▁by ▁a ▁second ▁series ▁of ▁Fle et ▁Street ▁E c log ues ▁( 1 8 9 6 ) ▁and ▁by ▁New ▁Ball ads ▁( 1 8 9 7 ) ▁and |
▁The ▁Last ▁Ball ad ▁( 1 8 9 9 ). ▁ ▁D ram atic ▁works ▁For ▁a ▁time ▁he ▁abandoned ▁ly ric ▁for ▁the ▁drama , ▁writing ▁several ▁original ▁plays . ▁ ▁' Test aments ' ▁Finally ▁David son ▁engaged ▁on ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁" Test aments ", ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁gave ▁definite ▁expression ▁to ▁his ▁philosophy . ▁These ▁volumes ▁were ▁entitled ▁The ▁Testament ▁of ▁a ▁Viv is ector ▁( 1 9 0 1 ), The ▁Testament ▁of ▁a ▁Man ▁For bid ▁( 1 9 0 1 ), ▁The ▁Testament ▁of ▁an ▁Empire ▁Bu ilder ▁( 1 9 0 2 ), ▁and ▁The ▁Testament ▁of ▁John ▁David son ▁( 1 9 0 8 ). ▁Though ▁he ▁disc laimed ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁phil os opher , ▁he ▁exp ounded ▁an ▁original ▁philosophy ▁which ▁was ▁at ▁once ▁material istic ▁and ▁arist ocr atic . ▁The ▁cos mic ▁process , ▁as ▁interpreted ▁by ▁evolution , ▁was ▁for ▁him ▁a ▁fruit ful ▁source ▁of ▁insp iration . ▁ ▁His ▁later ▁verse , ▁which ▁is ▁often ▁fine ▁r het or ic ▁rather ▁than ▁poetry , ▁expressed ▁the ▁belief ▁which ▁is ▁sum med ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁words ▁that ▁he ▁wrote , ▁" Men ▁are ▁the ▁universe ▁become ▁conscious ; ▁the ▁simplest ▁man ▁should ▁consider ▁himself ▁too ▁great ▁to ▁be ▁called ▁after ▁any ▁name ." ▁The ▁cor ollary ▁was ▁that ▁every ▁man ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁himself ▁to ▁the ▁ut most ▁of ▁his ▁power , ▁and ▁the ▁strong est ▁was ▁to ▁rule . ▁David son ▁prof essed ▁to ▁reject ▁all |
▁existing ▁philosoph ies , ▁including ▁that ▁of ▁N iet z sche , ▁as ▁in ade qu ate , ▁but ▁N iet z sche ' s ▁influence ▁is ▁trace able ▁in ▁his ▁argument . ▁The ▁poet ▁planned ▁ultimately ▁to ▁em body ▁his ▁revolution ary ▁cre ed ▁in ▁a ▁tr il ogy ▁entitled ▁ ▁God ▁and ▁Mam mon . ▁Only ▁two ▁plays , ▁however , ▁were ▁written , ▁The ▁Tri umph ▁of ▁Mam mon ▁( 1 9 0 7 ) ▁and ▁Mam mon ▁and ▁his ▁Message ▁( 1 9 0 8 ). ▁ ▁Family ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁David son ▁married ▁Margaret , ▁daughter ▁of ▁John ▁Mc Ar thur ▁of ▁Per th . ▁She ▁surv ived ▁him ▁with ▁two ▁sons , ▁Alexander ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 8 7 ) ▁and ▁M enz ies ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 8 9 ). ▁ ▁Other ▁works ▁ ▁David son ▁was ▁a ▁pro l ific ▁writer . ▁Besides ▁the ▁works ▁c ited , ▁he ▁wrote ▁many ▁other ▁works ▁including , ▁The ▁Wonder ful ▁Mission ▁of ▁Earl ▁Lav ender ▁ ▁( 1 8 9 5 ), ▁a ▁novel ▁which ▁included ▁flag ell ation ▁er ot ica ▁and ▁contributed ▁an ▁introduction ▁to ▁Shakespeare ' s ▁Son net s ▁( R ena issance ▁edition , ▁ 1 9 0 8 ), ▁which , ▁like ▁his ▁various ▁pre faces ▁and ▁ess ays , ▁shows ▁him ▁a ▁subt le ▁literary ▁critic . ▁ ▁Trans l ations ▁He ▁translated ▁Mont es qu ieu ' s ▁Let tres ▁Pers anes |
▁( 1 8 9 2 ), ▁François ▁Co pp ée ' s ▁Pour ▁la ▁Cour onne ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁and ▁Victor ▁Hugo ' s ▁R uy ▁Bl as ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 4 , ▁the ▁former ▁being ▁produced ▁as , ▁For ▁the ▁Crown , ▁at ▁the ▁Ly ce um ▁Theatre ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 6 , ▁the ▁latter ▁as ▁A ▁Queen ' s ▁Rom ance ▁at ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Theatre . ▁ ▁Port ra its ▁ ▁David son ' s ▁portrait ▁was ▁drawn ▁by ▁Walter ▁S ick ert ▁and ▁by ▁Robert ▁Bry den . ▁A ▁car ic ature ▁by ▁Max ▁Be er bo hm ▁appeared ▁in ▁The ▁Chap book , ▁( 1 9 0 7 ), ▁and ▁William ▁Roth en stein ▁did ▁a ▁portrait ▁of ▁him ▁for ▁The ▁Y ellow ▁Book . ▁In ▁Men ▁and ▁Mem ories ▁( 1 9 3 1 ), ▁Roth en stein ▁said ▁that ▁when ▁Max ▁Be er bo hm ▁looked ▁at ▁his ▁pictures ▁of ▁David son , ▁he ▁had ▁compl iment ed ▁him ▁on ▁the ▁' sub t le ▁way ▁he ▁had ▁handled ▁his ▁t oup ée '. ▁Roth en stein ▁wrote ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁not ▁noticed ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁we aring ▁one . ▁ ▁Frank ▁Harris , ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Rh ym ers ' ▁Club ▁described ▁him ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 9 ▁thus :" ... ▁a ▁little ▁below ▁middle ▁height , ▁but ▁strongly ▁built ▁with ▁square ▁shoulders ▁and ▁remark ably ▁fine ▁face ▁and ▁head ; ▁the ▁features ▁were ▁almost ▁class ically |
▁regular , ▁the ▁eyes ▁dark ▁brown ▁and ▁large , ▁the ▁fore head ▁high , ▁the ▁hair ▁and ▁m oust ache ▁black . ▁His ▁man ners ▁were ▁perfectly ▁fran k ▁and ▁natural ; ▁he ▁met ▁everyone ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁una ffect ed ▁kindly ▁human ▁way ; ▁I ▁never ▁saw ▁a ▁trace ▁in ▁him ▁of ▁sn obb ish ness ▁or ▁inc iv ility . ▁Poss ibly ▁a ▁great ▁man , ▁I ▁said ▁to ▁myself , ▁certainly ▁a ▁man ▁of ▁genius , ▁for ▁simplicity ▁of ▁manner ▁alone ▁is ▁in ▁England ▁almost ▁a ▁proof ▁of ▁extraordinary ▁end ow ment ." N orm an ▁Al ford ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁The ▁Rh ym ers ' ▁Club : ▁Po ets ▁of ▁the ▁T rag ic ▁Generation ▁, ▁Pal gra ve ▁Mac mill an ▁ ▁D row ning ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁a ▁civil ▁list ▁p ension ▁of ▁£ 1 0 0 ▁per ▁an num ▁and ▁George ▁Bernard ▁Shaw ▁did ▁what ▁he ▁could ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁finan cially , ▁but ▁pover ty , ▁ill - he alth , ▁and ▁his ▁decl ining ▁powers , ▁ex ac erb ated ▁by ▁the ▁on set ▁of ▁cancer , ▁caused ▁prof ound ▁hop eless ness ▁and ▁clin ical ▁de pression . ▁Late ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁David son ▁left ▁London ▁to ▁res ide ▁at ▁P enz ance . ▁On ▁ 2 3 ▁March ▁ 1 9 0 9 , ▁he ▁disappeared ▁from ▁his ▁house ▁there , ▁under ▁circumstances ▁which ▁left ▁little ▁doubt ▁that |
▁he ▁had ▁d rown ed ▁himself . ▁Among ▁his ▁papers ▁was ▁found ▁the ▁manuscript ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁work , ▁Fle et ▁Street ▁Po ems , ▁with ▁a ▁letter ▁containing ▁the ▁words , ▁" This ▁will ▁be ▁my ▁last ▁book ." ▁His ▁body , ▁which ▁was ▁discovered ▁by ▁some ▁fish erm en ▁in ▁Mount ' s ▁Bay ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁September , ▁was , ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁his ▁known ▁wishes , ▁buried ▁at ▁sea . ▁In ▁his ▁will ▁he ▁desired ▁that ▁no ▁bi ography ▁should ▁be ▁written , ▁none ▁of ▁his ▁un pub lished ▁works ▁published , ▁and ▁ ▁" no ▁word ▁except ▁of ▁my ▁writing ▁is ▁ever ▁to ▁appear ▁in ▁any ▁book ▁of ▁mine ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁the ▁copy right ▁end ures ." ▁ ▁The ▁assumption ▁that ▁he ▁took ▁his ▁own ▁life ▁is ▁consistent ▁with ▁what ▁is ▁known ▁of ▁his ▁temper ament ▁and ▁his ▁ideas . ▁In ▁The ▁Testament ▁of ▁John ▁David son , ▁published ▁the ▁year ▁before ▁his ▁death , ▁he ▁anticip ates ▁this ▁fate : ▁ ▁" None ▁should ▁out live ▁his ▁power . ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁Who ▁k ills ▁ ▁Him self ▁sub du es ▁the ▁conquer or ▁of ▁k ings ; ▁ ▁Ex empt ▁from ▁death ▁is ▁he ▁who ▁takes ▁his ▁life ; ▁ ▁My ▁time ▁has ▁come ." ▁ ▁In flu ence ▁on ▁other ▁po ets ▁David son ' s ▁poetry ▁was ▁a ▁key ▁early ▁influence ▁on ▁important ▁Modern ist ▁po ets , ▁in ▁particular , ▁his ▁compat ri ot ▁Hugh ▁Mac Di arm id ▁and |
▁Wal lace ▁Stevens . ▁T . S . ▁Eli ot ▁was ▁especially ▁fond ▁of ▁the ▁poem ▁' Th irty ▁Bob ▁a ▁Week ' ▁( In ▁Ball ads ▁and ▁Songs ▁( 1 8 9 4 )). ▁ ▁David son ' s ▁poem ▁" In ▁the ▁Is le ▁of ▁D ogs ", ▁for ▁example , ▁is ▁a ▁clear ▁inter text ▁of ▁later ▁po ems ▁such ▁as ▁Eli ot ' s ▁" The ▁W aste ▁Land " ▁and ▁Stevens ' ▁" The ▁Ide a ▁of ▁Order ▁at ▁Key ▁West ". ▁ ▁Qu otes ▁ ▁" This ▁is ▁an ▁age ▁of ▁B ov ril " ▁ ▁Works ▁▁ ▁The ▁North ▁Wall ▁( 1 8 8 5 ) ▁ ▁Di abol us ▁Am ans ▁( 1 8 8 5 ), ▁verse ▁drama ▁ ▁Bruce ▁( 1 8 8 6 ▁) ▁a ▁drama ▁in ▁five ▁acts ▁ ▁Smith ▁( 1 8 8 8 ) ▁a ▁tra ged y ▁ ▁Pl ays ▁( 1 8 8 9 ) ▁ ▁An ▁Un histor ical ▁Past oral , ▁a ▁Rom antic ▁Far ce ▁ ▁Sc aram ouch ▁in ▁N ax os ▁ ▁Per fer vid : ▁The ▁Career ▁of ▁Nin ian ▁Jam ies on , ▁( 1 8 9 0 ) ▁with ▁ 2 3 ▁Original ▁Illustr ations ▁by ▁Harry ▁F urn iss , ▁Ward ▁& ▁Dow ney , ▁Ltd ., ▁London . ▁ ▁The ▁Great ▁Men , ▁And ▁a ▁Pract ical ▁Nov el ist ▁( 1 8 9 1 ) ▁Illustr ated ▁by ▁E . ▁J . ▁Ell is . ▁Ward |
▁& ▁Dow ney , ▁Ltd ., ▁London . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁Music ▁Hall , ▁and ▁other ▁Po ems ▁( 1 8 9 1 ) ▁ ▁Ward ▁& ▁Dow ney , ▁Ltd ., ▁London . ▁ ▁Laura ▁Ruth ven ' s ▁W id ow hood ▁( with ▁C . ▁J . ▁Will s ), ▁( 1 8 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Fle et ▁Street ▁E c log ues ▁( 1 8 9 3 )] ▁▁ ▁The ▁Knight ▁of ▁the ▁May pole , ▁( 1 9 0 3 ) ▁ ▁Sent ences ▁and ▁Par agraph s ▁( 1 8 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Ball ads ▁and ▁Songs ▁( 1 8 9 4 ) ▁John ▁Lane ▁Publish ers , ▁London ▁▁ ▁Bapt ist ▁Lake ▁( 1 8 9 4 ) ▁Ward ▁& ▁Dow ney , ▁Ltd ., ▁London . ▁ ▁A ▁Random ▁It iner ary ▁( 1 8 9 4 ) ▁ ▁A ▁Full ▁and ▁True ▁Account ▁of ▁the ▁Wonder ful ▁Mission ▁of ▁Earl ▁Lav ender ▁( 1 8 9 5 ) ▁ ▁St . ▁George ' s ▁Day ▁( 1 8 9 5 ) ▁▁ ▁Fle et ▁Street ▁E c log ues ▁( Second ▁Series ) ▁( 1 8 9 6 ) ▁▁▁ ▁Miss ▁Arm strong ' s ▁and ▁Other ▁Circ um st ances ▁( 1 8 9 6 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Pil gr image ▁of ▁Str ongs oul ▁and ▁Other ▁St ories ▁( 1 8 9 6 ) ▁ ▁New ▁Ball ads ▁( 1 8 9 7 ) ▁ ▁God fr ida , ▁a |
▁play ▁( 1 8 9 8 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Last ▁Ball ad ▁( 1 8 9 9 ) ▁ ▁Self ' s ▁the ▁Man , ▁a ▁tra gi - com edy , ▁( 1 9 0 1 ) ▁▁ ▁The ▁Testament ▁of ▁a ▁Man ▁For bid ▁( 1 9 0 1 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Testament ▁of ▁a ▁Viv is ector ▁( 1 9 0 1 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Testament ▁of ▁an ▁Empire ▁Bu ilder ▁( 1 9 0 2 ) ▁ ▁A ▁Ros ary , ▁( 1 9 0 3 ) ▁Grant ▁Rich ards , ▁London ▁▁ ▁The ▁Knight ▁of ▁the ▁May pole : ▁A ▁Com edy ▁in ▁Four ▁Act s ▁( 1 9 0 3 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Testament ▁of ▁a ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁( 1 9 0 4 ) ▁▁ ▁The ▁Ball ad ▁of ▁a ▁N un ▁( 1 9 0 5 ) ▁ ▁The ▁The atro c rat : ▁a ▁T rag ic ▁Play ▁of ▁Church ▁and ▁State , ▁( 1 9 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Hol iday ▁and ▁other ▁po ems , ▁with ▁a ▁note ▁on ▁poetry ▁( 1 9 0 6 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Tri umph ▁of ▁Mam mon ▁( 1 9 0 7 ) ▁E . G . ▁Rich ards , ▁London ▁▁▁ ▁Mam mon ▁and ▁His ▁Message ▁( 1 9 0 8 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Testament ▁of ▁John ▁David son ▁( 1 9 0 8 ) ▁▁ ▁Fle et ▁Street ▁and ▁other ▁Po ems , ▁( 1 9 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Cont rib utor ▁to ▁The |
▁Y ellow ▁Book ▁ ▁He ▁translated : ▁▁ ▁Mont es qu ieu ' s ▁Let tres ▁Pers anes , ▁( Pers ian ▁Let ters ) ▁( 1 8 9 2 ) ▁ ▁François ▁Co pp ée ' s ▁Pour ▁la ▁cour onne , ▁( For ▁the ▁Crown ) ▁( 1 8 9 6 ) ▁ ▁Victor ▁Hugo ' s ▁R uy ▁Bl as , ▁( A ▁Queen ' s ▁Rom ance ) ▁( 1 9 0 4 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁ ▁John ▁David son , ▁First ▁of ▁the ▁Modern s ; ▁A ▁Liter ary ▁Biography ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁by ▁John ▁Slo an ▁ ▁Karl ▁E . ▁Beck son , ▁London ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 0 s : ▁A ▁Cultural ▁History ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Pr inc eton ▁University ▁Library , ▁John ▁David son ▁Collection , ▁ 1 8 7 9 – 1 9 4 5 ▁( bul k ▁ 1 8 9 0 – 1 9 0 9 ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁John ▁David son ▁profile ▁at ▁Internet ▁Acc ur acy ▁Project ▁ ▁Text ▁of ▁Sc aram ouch ▁in ▁N ax os ▁at ▁La ▁Comm edia ▁dell ' arte ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 5 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 0 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁dram at ists ▁and ▁play w right s ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Edinburgh ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁male ▁writers ▁who ▁committed ▁suic ide ▁Category |
: Po ets ▁who ▁committed ▁suic ide ▁Category : Su ic ides ▁by ▁d row ning ▁in ▁England ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Bar r head ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁novel ists ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁transl ators ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Scottish ▁writers ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁school te ach ers ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Scottish ▁po ets ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁novel ists ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁British ▁dram at ists ▁and ▁play w right s ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁transl ators <0x0A> </s> ▁Global ▁apart heid ▁is ▁a ▁term ▁used ▁to ▁mean ▁minor ity ▁rule ▁in ▁international ▁decision - making . ▁The ▁term ▁comes ▁from ▁apart heid , ▁the ▁system ▁of ▁government ▁that ▁ruled ▁South ▁Africa ▁until ▁ 2 7 ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁when ▁people ▁of ▁all ▁races ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁vote ▁as ▁equals ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time . ▁ ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁global ▁apart heid ▁has ▁been ▁developed ▁by ▁many ▁research ers , ▁including ▁Tit us ▁Alexander , ▁Bruno ▁Am or oso , ▁Patrick ▁Bond , ▁G ern ot ▁Koh ler , ▁Ar j un ▁Mak h ij iani , ▁Ali ▁Maz uri , ▁V and ana ▁Sh iva , ▁Anthony ▁H . ▁Richmond , ▁Joseph ▁Nev ins , ▁Muham med ▁As adi , ▁Gustav ▁Frid olin , ▁and ▁many ▁others . ▁More ▁recent ▁references ▁are ▁in ▁F alk ' s ▁Re - F ram ing ▁the ▁International |
, ▁ ▁Am or oso ' s ▁Global ▁apart heid : ▁global isation , ▁economic ▁marg inal isation , ▁political ▁dest abil isation , ▁Pet erson ' s ▁A ▁Crit ical ▁R ew rit ing ▁of ▁Global ▁Political ▁Econom y , ▁Jones ' s ▁Cr imes ▁Again st ▁Human ity : ▁A ▁Begin ner ' s ▁Guide ▁and ▁Global ▁Human ▁Sm ugg ling ▁by ▁K yle ▁and ▁Kos low ski , ▁and ▁New ▁Social ▁Mov ements ▁in ▁the ▁African ▁D ias por a : ▁Ch alleng ing ▁Global ▁A part heid . ▁and ▁Bos ak ' s ▁K ai ros , ▁Cris is , ▁and ▁Global ▁A part heid ▁ ▁Origin ▁and ▁use ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁by ▁G ern ot ▁K oe h ler ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁Working ▁P aper ▁for ▁the ▁World ▁Order ▁Mod els ▁Project . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁K oe h ler ▁develop ▁this ▁in ▁The ▁Three ▁Mean ings ▁of ▁Global ▁A part heid : ▁Emp ir ical , ▁Norm ative , ▁Ex ist ential . ▁ ▁Its ▁best ▁known ▁use ▁was ▁by ▁Th ab o ▁M be ki , ▁then - Pres ident ▁of ▁South ▁Africa , ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁speech , ▁drawing ▁compar isons ▁of ▁the ▁status ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁people , ▁economy , ▁and ▁access ▁to ▁natural ▁resources ▁to ▁the ▁apart heid ▁era . ▁ ▁M be ki ▁got ▁the ▁term ▁from ▁Tit us ▁Alexander , |
▁initi ator ▁of ▁Char ter ▁ 9 9 , ▁a ▁campaign ▁for ▁global ▁dem ocracy , ▁who ▁was ▁also ▁present ▁at ▁the ▁UN ▁Mill en ni um ▁Sum mit ▁and ▁gave ▁him ▁a ▁copy ▁of ▁Un rav elling ▁Global ▁A part heid . ▁ ▁Con cept ▁ ▁Minor ity ▁rule ▁in ▁global ▁govern ance ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁national ▁so vere ig nt y ▁rather ▁than ▁ra cial ▁identity , ▁but ▁in ▁many ▁other ▁respect s ▁the ▁history ▁and ▁structures ▁of ▁apart heid ▁South ▁Africa ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁micro cos m ▁of ▁the ▁world . ▁Following ▁the ▁Great ▁De pression ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁and ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁used ▁their ▁political ▁power ▁to ▁create ▁systems ▁of ▁economic ▁management ▁and ▁protection ▁to ▁mit ig ate ▁the ▁worst ▁effects ▁of ▁free ▁trade ▁and ▁neutral ise ▁the ▁compet ing ▁appe als ▁of ▁commun ism ▁and ▁national ▁social ism . ▁In ▁South ▁Africa ▁civil ized ▁labour ▁policies ▁restricted ▁public ▁employ ment ▁to ▁whites , ▁reserved ▁sk illed ▁jobs ▁for ▁whites ▁and ▁controlled ▁the ▁movement ▁of ▁non - wh ites ▁through ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁pass ▁laws . ▁In ▁the ▁West , ▁es cal ating ▁tar iff ▁bar riers ▁reserved ▁manufact uring ▁work ▁for ▁Europe ans ▁and ▁Americans ▁while ▁imm igration ▁laws ▁controlled ▁the ▁movement ▁of ▁imm igr ants ▁seeking ▁work . ▁ ▁Alexander ▁argued ▁that ▁apart heid ▁was ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁one - s ided ▁protection ism , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁rich ▁white ▁minor ity |
▁used ▁their ▁political ▁power ▁to ▁exclude ▁the ▁black ▁majority ▁from ▁compet ing ▁on ▁equal ▁terms , ▁and ▁war ned ▁that ▁" the ▁intens ification ▁of ▁economic ▁competition ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁greater ▁free ▁trade ▁is ▁increasing ▁political ▁press ures ▁for ▁one - s ided ▁protection ism ." ▁▁ ▁At ▁a ▁political ▁level , ▁the ▁West ▁still ▁domin ates ▁global ▁decision - making ▁through ▁minor ity ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁bank ing ▁system ▁( B ank ▁of ▁International ▁S ett lement s ), ▁IM F , ▁World ▁Bank , ▁Security ▁Council ▁and ▁other ▁institutions ▁of ▁global ▁govern ance . ▁ ▁The ▁G 8 ▁( now ▁G 7 ) ▁represent ▁less ▁than ▁ 1 5 % ▁of ▁world ▁population , ▁yet ▁have ▁over ▁ 6 0 % ▁of ▁its ▁income . ▁▁ 8 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁permanent ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁UN ▁Security ▁Council ▁represent ▁white ▁Western ▁states , ▁ 6 0 % ▁from ▁Europe . ▁The ▁West ▁has ▁v eto ▁power ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁Bank , ▁IM F ▁and ▁W TO ▁and ▁regul ates ▁global ▁mon et ary ▁policy ▁through ▁the ▁Bank ▁of ▁International ▁S ett lement s ▁( B IS ). ▁ ▁By ▁tradition , ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁World ▁Bank ▁is ▁always ▁a ▁US ▁citiz en , ▁nominated ▁by ▁the ▁US ▁President , ▁and ▁the ▁IM F ▁is ▁a ▁European . ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁now ▁has ▁a ▁majority ▁in ▁many ▁international ▁institutions , ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁the ▁political ▁power ▁to ▁reject ▁dec isions ▁by ▁the ▁Western ▁minor |
ity . ▁ ▁In ▁The ▁Cl ash ▁of ▁Civil izations ▁and ▁the ▁Rem aking ▁of ▁World ▁Order , ▁Samuel ▁P . ▁Hun ting ton ▁describes ▁how ▁" the ▁United ▁States ▁together ▁with ▁Britain ▁and ▁France ▁make ▁the ▁cru cial ▁dec isions ▁on ▁political ▁and ▁security ▁issues ; ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁together ▁with ▁Germany ▁and ▁Japan ▁make ▁the ▁cru cial ▁dec isions ▁on ▁economic ▁issues ." ▁ ▁Hun ting ton ▁quoted ▁Jeff rey ▁R ▁Ben nett ▁to ▁claim ▁that ▁Western ▁nations : ▁▁ ▁own ▁and ▁operate ▁the ▁international ▁bank ing ▁system ▁ ▁control ▁all ▁hard ▁curr encies ▁ ▁are ▁the ▁world ’ s ▁principal ▁customers ▁ ▁provide ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁world ’ s ▁finished ▁goods ▁ ▁domin ate ▁international ▁capital ▁mark ets ▁ ▁ex ert ▁considerable ▁moral ▁leadership ▁within ▁many ▁soci eties ▁ ▁are ▁capable ▁of ▁massive ▁military ▁inter vention ▁ ▁control ▁the ▁sea ▁lan es ▁ ▁Hun ting ton ▁presents ▁a ▁‘ framework , ▁a ▁parad ig m , ▁for ▁view ing ▁global ▁politics ’ ▁to ▁protect ▁“ West ern ▁civil ization ”. ▁He ▁arg ues ▁that ▁other ▁civil izations ▁threaten ▁the ▁West ▁through ▁imm igration , ▁cultural ▁differences , ▁growing ▁economic ▁strength ▁and ▁potential ▁military ▁power . ▁‘ If ▁North ▁America ▁and ▁Europe ▁renew ▁their ▁moral ▁life , ▁build ▁on ▁their ▁cultural ▁common ality , ▁and ▁develop ▁close ▁forms ▁of ▁economic ▁and ▁political ▁integration ▁to ▁supp lement ▁their ▁security ▁collaboration ▁in ▁NAT O , ▁they ▁could ▁generate ▁a ▁third ▁Euro amer ican ▁phase ▁of ▁Western ▁aff lu ence ▁and ▁political ▁influence |
. ▁Mean ing ful ▁political ▁integration ▁would ▁in ▁some ▁measure ▁counter ▁the ▁relative ▁decl ine ▁in ▁the ▁West ’ s ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁world ’ s ▁people , ▁economic ▁product , ▁and ▁military ▁capabilities ▁and ▁rev ive ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁in ▁the ▁eyes ▁of ▁the ▁leaders ▁of ▁other ▁civil izations .’ ▁However , ▁this ▁‘ dep ends ▁over wh el ming ly ▁on ▁whether ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁re aff ir ms ▁its ▁identity ▁as ▁a ▁Western ▁nation ▁and ▁defines ▁its ▁global ▁role ▁as ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁Western ▁civil ization .’ ▁[ p 3 0 8 ] ▁ ▁Alexander ▁ident ifies ▁numerous ▁pill ars ▁of ▁global ▁apart heid ▁including : ▁v eto ▁power ▁by ▁the ▁Western ▁minor ity ▁in ▁the ▁UN ▁Security ▁Council ▁ ▁voting ▁powers ▁in ▁the ▁IM F ▁and ▁World ▁Bank ▁domin ance ▁of ▁the ▁World ▁Trade ▁Organ ization ▁through ▁effective ▁v eto ▁power ▁and ▁‘ weight ▁of ▁trade ’ ▁rather ▁than ▁formal ▁voting ▁power ▁one - s ided ▁rules ▁of ▁trade , ▁which ▁give ▁privile ged ▁protection ▁to ▁Western ▁agricult ure ▁and ▁other ▁interests ▁while ▁opening ▁mark ets ▁in ▁the ▁Major ity ▁World ▁protection ▁of ▁‘ hard ▁currency ’ ▁through ▁the ▁central ▁bank ing ▁system ▁through ▁the ▁Bank ▁of ▁International ▁S ett lement s ▁ ▁imm igration ▁controls ▁which ▁manage ▁the ▁flow ▁of ▁labour ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁needs ▁of ▁Western ▁econom ies ▁ ▁use ▁of ▁aid ▁and ▁invest ment ▁to ▁control ▁el ites ▁in ▁the ▁Major ity ▁World ▁through ▁reward ▁and ▁pun ishment ▁ ▁support ▁for ▁cou ps ▁or |
▁military ▁inter vention ▁in ▁countries ▁which ▁def y ▁Western ▁domin ance ▁ ▁More ▁recently , ▁sch ol ars ▁such ▁as ▁Th anh - D am ▁Tru ong ▁and ▁Des ▁Gas per , ▁in Trans n ational ▁M igration ▁and ▁Human ▁Security ▁and ▁K yle ▁and ▁Kos low sk ▁in ▁In ▁Global ▁Human ▁Sm ugg ling , ▁ ▁analy se ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁migr ant ▁sm ugg ling ▁and ▁human ▁tra ff ick ing ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁" struct ural ▁violence ▁generated ▁by ▁the ▁es cal ation ▁of ▁border ▁inter diction ▁by ▁states ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁system ▁of ▁global ▁apart heid ." ▁ ▁Political ▁dem ands ▁for ▁protection ism ▁and ▁physical ▁bar riers ▁between ▁the ▁West ▁and ▁the ▁Major ity ▁World , ▁such ▁as ▁President ▁Trump ’ s ▁wall ▁between ▁Mexico ▁and ▁the ▁US ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁bar riers ▁round ▁the ▁EU ▁▁ ▁follow ▁similar ▁economic ▁press ures ▁to ▁those ▁which ▁ent rench ed ▁apart heid ▁in ▁South ▁Africa . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Intern ational ▁relations ▁Category : World ▁government ▁Govern ance ▁Category : Global ▁issues <0x0A> </s> ▁Tre chus ▁z hab yk ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁ground ▁be et le ▁in ▁the ▁sub family ▁Tre ch inae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Bel ou so v ▁& ▁Kab ak ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁z hab yk ▁Category : Be et les ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 <0x0A> </s> ▁Sydney ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁children ' s ▁hospital ▁located |
▁in ▁the ▁eastern ▁sub ur bs ▁of ▁Sydney , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁it ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁newly ▁formed ▁' S yd ney ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁Network ▁( R and wick ▁and ▁West me ad ) ▁incorpor ating ▁the ▁Royal ▁Alex andra ▁Hospital ▁for ▁Children '. ▁ ▁The ▁Sydney ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁is ▁located ▁approximately ▁ 6 ▁kilometres ▁from ▁the ▁Sydney ▁Central ▁Business ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Rand wick . ▁Sydney ▁Children ’ s ▁Hospital ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁major ▁teaching ▁hospital ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁teaching ▁facility ▁for ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁Sydney ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁had ▁its ▁orig ins ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 2 ▁with ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁the ▁Society ▁for ▁Dest itute ▁Children , ▁which ▁established ▁the ▁As yl um ▁for ▁Dest itute ▁Children ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁building ▁opened ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁March ▁ 1 8 5 8 ▁in ▁P adding ton . ▁After ▁an ▁appeal ▁for ▁funds ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 0 , ▁the ▁Catherine ▁Hay es ▁Hospital ▁opened . ▁The ▁hospital ' s ▁primary ▁intention ▁was ▁to ▁care ▁for ▁children ▁that ▁suffered ▁from ▁ill ness , ▁pover ty ▁and ▁fam ine . ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁hospital ▁grew ▁the ▁children ' s ▁hospital ▁became ▁a ▁wing ▁of ▁the ▁larger ▁general ▁hospital . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁during ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁the ▁hospital ▁was ▁converted ▁by ▁the ▁NS W ▁Government ▁into ▁a ▁military |
▁hospital ▁and ▁then ▁a ▁rep atri ation ▁hospital , ▁and ▁renamed ▁the ▁Four th ▁Australian ▁Re pat ri ation ▁Hospital . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁an ▁association ▁between ▁the ▁Coast ▁Hospital ▁and ▁the ▁Four th ▁Australian ▁Re pat ri ation ▁Hospital ▁at ▁Rand wick ▁began . ▁With ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁Con cord ▁Re pat ri ation ▁General ▁Hospital ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 , ▁the ▁hospital ▁was ▁renamed ▁the ▁Prince ▁of ▁Wales ▁Hospital , ▁with ▁the ▁attached ▁children ' s ▁hospital ▁becoming ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Prince ▁of ▁Wales ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁the ▁Prince ▁of ▁Wales ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁was ▁founded ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁hospital ▁by ▁Professor ▁John ▁B ever idge , ▁who ▁had ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁creating ▁a ▁second ▁Sydney ▁children ' s ▁hospital ▁dedicated ▁to ▁car ing ▁for ▁children . ▁That ▁same ▁year ▁the ▁hospital ▁became ▁the ▁teaching ▁hospital ▁for ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁the ▁hospital ▁under w ent ▁a ▁$ 4 6 . 5 ▁million ▁( A UD ) ▁re development , ▁greatly ▁increasing ▁the ▁capabilities ▁of ▁the ▁hospital . ▁ ▁On ▁Friday ▁ 1 2 ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁the ▁Prince ▁of ▁Wales ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁officially ▁became ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Sydney ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital , ▁when ▁the ▁then ▁current ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁premier , ▁Bob ▁Car r ▁and ▁Dr . ▁Andrew ▁Ref sh au ge ▁officially ▁opened ▁the ▁hospital ▁at ▁ |
1 1 : 0 0 am . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁the ▁hospital ▁opened ▁a ▁community ▁child ▁health ▁facility ▁on ▁the ▁Rand wick ▁campus ▁that ▁provides ▁services ▁for ▁children ▁with ▁development ▁dis abilities , ▁mental ▁health ▁dis orders ▁and ▁other ▁behavior al ▁issues . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁the ▁hospital ▁was ▁transferred ▁from ▁the ▁administration ▁of ▁the ▁South - E ast ▁Sydney ▁Il la war ra ▁Area ▁Health ▁Service ▁to ▁the ▁newly ▁formed ▁' S yd ney ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁Network ▁( R and wick ▁and ▁West me ad ) ▁incorpor ating ▁the ▁Royal ▁Alex andra ▁Hospital ▁for ▁Children '. ▁ ▁Tele th on ▁The ▁Gold ▁Week ▁Tele th on ▁is ▁an ▁annual ▁tele th on ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁with ▁proceed s ▁benef iting ▁the ▁Sydney ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital . ▁ ▁Notable ▁staff ▁ ▁Prof ▁Jenn ifer ▁By r ne ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁at ▁West me ad ▁List ▁of ▁hosp it als ▁in ▁Australia ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Sydney ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁website ▁ ▁Category : H ospital ▁buildings ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 0 ▁Category : Children ' s ▁hosp it als ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : T each ing ▁hosp it als ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : H osp it als ▁in ▁Sydney ▁Category : H osp it als ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 2 ▁Category : 1 8 5 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : R and wick , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales <0x0A> |
</s> ▁L ath co ats ▁Farm ▁Sh op , ▁often ▁short ened ▁to ▁just ▁" L ath co ats " ▁is ▁a ▁family ▁run ▁farm ▁shop , ▁situated ▁in ▁Gal ley wood , ▁Es sex , ▁England . ▁It ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁Be eh ive ▁Lane , ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁by ▁Lawrence ▁Taylor . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁Lawrence ▁Taylor ▁plant ed ▁the ▁first ▁fruit ▁trees ▁on ▁L ath co ats ▁Farm ' s ▁ 5 5 ▁hect ares . ▁L ath co ats ▁Farm ▁has ▁been ▁in ▁the ▁Taylor ▁family ▁for ▁three ▁gener ations . ▁Lawrence ' s ▁only ▁son , ▁Maurice , ▁then ▁took ▁over ▁L ath co ats ▁Farm . ▁L ath co ats ▁Farm ▁Sh op ▁is ▁currently ▁run ▁by ▁Maurice ' s ▁two ▁sons , ▁Philip ▁and ▁Stephen ▁Taylor . ▁ ▁L ath co ats ▁Farm ▁Sh op ▁was ▁set ▁up ▁by ▁Maurice ▁Taylor ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁ ▁App les ▁L ath co ats ▁Farm ▁Sh op ▁is ▁well ▁known ▁for ▁supp lying ▁over ▁ 4 0 ▁apple ▁vari eties , ▁including ▁and ▁supp lying ▁the ▁local ▁community ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁S ains bury ' s . ▁ ▁Apple ▁vari eties ▁L ath co ats ▁Farm ▁Sh op ▁grows ▁and ▁stock s ▁over ▁ 4 0 ▁apple ▁vari eties , ▁including : ▁D ' Ar cy ▁Sp ice , ▁Queen , ▁Ch el ms ford ▁Wonder , Ad ams |
▁Pear main , ▁Corn ish ▁Gill if lower , ▁T empt ation , ▁Top az , ▁Mer id ian , ▁H oney c ris p ▁and ▁Disc overy ▁ ▁Apple ▁Day ▁Apple ▁Day ▁is ▁an ▁annual ▁event ▁that ▁officially ▁takes ▁place ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁October ▁each ▁year . ▁L ath co ats ▁Farm ▁Sh op ▁has ▁been ▁celebr ating ▁Apple ▁Day ▁for ▁almost ▁ 2 0 ▁years . ▁The ▁event ▁is ▁held ▁at ▁L ath co ats ▁Farm , ▁where ▁locally ▁grown ▁app les ▁and ▁other ▁fruit ▁can ▁be ▁t asted . ▁ ▁R ent ▁a ▁Tree ▁A ▁scheme ▁was ▁set ▁up ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁by ▁L ath co ats ▁Farm ▁Sh op ▁to ▁enable ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁community ▁to ▁rent ▁a ▁tree . ▁This ▁means ▁that ▁people ▁can ▁pick ▁the ▁fruit ▁from ▁their ▁tree ▁even ▁if ▁they ▁don ' t ▁have ▁space ▁to ▁grow ▁one ▁themselves . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : F ood ▁ret ail ers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : City ▁of ▁Ch el ms ford <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Four ▁Point s ▁by ▁Sher aton ▁San ▁Jose ▁Dow nt own ▁or ▁Hotel ▁Mont gom ery ▁is ▁a ▁historic ▁bout ique ▁hotel ▁in ▁Dow nt own ▁San ▁Jose , ▁California . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁preserve ▁the ▁hotel , ▁and ▁to ▁accommod ate ▁the ▁ 1 3 - story , ▁ 2 6 4 ▁room ▁expansion ▁of ▁the ▁Fair mont ▁San ▁Jose ▁Hotel , ▁the ▁San ▁Jose ▁R ede velop ment |
▁Agency ▁had ▁the ▁Mont gom ery ▁moved ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁its ▁original ▁location ▁at ▁First ▁Street ▁and ▁P ase o ▁de ▁San ▁Antonio ▁at ▁a ▁cost ▁of ▁$ 8 . 6 ▁million . ▁The ▁total ▁cost ▁of ▁the ▁renov ation , ▁including ▁the ▁move , ▁was ▁$ 2 5 . 5 ▁million . ▁ ▁The ▁move ▁is ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁heav iest ▁building ▁ever ▁moved . ▁The ▁hotel ▁was ▁re open ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁as ▁the ▁Hotel ▁Mont gom ery , ▁but ▁later ▁re brand ed ▁to ▁Four ▁Point s ▁by ▁Sher aton , ▁ ▁now ▁doing ▁business ▁as ▁Four ▁Point s ▁by ▁Sher aton ▁San ▁Jose ▁Dow nt own . ▁ ▁The ▁hotel ▁is ▁owned ▁and ▁operated ▁by ▁Kh anna ▁Enter pr ises , ▁ ▁III , ▁ ▁L LC , ▁ ▁of ▁Santa ▁Ana , ▁CA . ▁ ▁The ▁building ▁is ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁California ▁Register ▁of ▁Historical ▁Places . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁hotel ▁announced ▁plans ▁to ▁expand ▁by ▁means ▁of ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁ 2 4 - story ▁addition , ▁directly ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁building . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Hot el ▁buildings ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁California ▁Category : Hot els ▁in ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Bay ▁Area ▁Category : S her aton ▁hot els ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁San ▁Jose , ▁California ▁Category : E conom y ▁of ▁San ▁Jose , ▁California ▁Category : Hot el |
▁buildings ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Santa ▁Clara ▁County , ▁California ▁Category : 1 9 1 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁San ▁Ram ón ▁is ▁a ▁municipality ▁in ▁the ▁Mat ag al pa ▁department ▁of ▁Nic ar agua . ▁ ▁San ▁Ram on ▁lies ▁ 1 2 ▁kilom eters ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁the ▁department al ▁capital ▁of ▁Mat ag al pa ▁( city ▁and ▁department ▁are ▁both ▁named ▁Mat ag al pa ). ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 2 - kil ometer ▁drive ▁takes ▁about ▁ 1 5 ▁minutes ▁by ▁tax i , ▁ 2 0 ▁minutes ▁by ▁bus . ▁The ▁road ▁is ▁entirely ▁p aved . ▁ ▁History ▁San ▁Ram on ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 0 , ▁having ▁previously ▁been ▁called ▁by ▁the ▁ind igen ous ▁name ▁" Ab ai ". ▁ ▁San ▁Ram on ▁was ▁histor ically ▁settled ▁by ▁a ▁mixture ▁of ▁Sum o ▁and ▁M isk ito ▁pe op les ▁from ▁Nic ar agua ' s ▁Atlantic ▁coast , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁by ▁Ch ont ales ▁Indians , ▁who ▁are ▁a ▁branch ▁stem ming ▁from ▁the ▁ancient ▁May ans . ▁ ▁Cl imate ▁San ▁Ram on ▁typically ▁experiences ▁light ▁rain ▁for ▁about ▁ 1 . 5 ▁hours ▁each ▁day ▁regardless ▁of ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁year . ▁It ▁often ▁ra ins ▁for ▁a ▁short ▁period ▁during ▁the ▁afternoon , ▁helping ▁to ▁keep ▁the ▁weather ▁cool . ▁Then ▁it ▁ra ins ▁again ▁briefly ▁at ▁night , ▁typically ▁heav |
ier ▁ra inf all ▁than ▁afternoon . ▁ ▁Because ▁of ▁a ▁relatively ▁high ▁alt itude , ▁the ▁climate ▁is ▁cool er ▁than ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁Nic ar agua , ▁having ▁year - round ▁l ows ▁in ▁the ▁low ▁ 6 0 s ▁and ▁high s ▁around ▁mid - 8 0 ' s ▁degrees . ▁ ▁Tour ism ▁It ▁is ▁an ▁integral ▁part ▁of ▁Nic ar agua ' s ▁C off ee ▁trail , ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁jump - off ▁point ▁for ▁a ▁significant ▁amount ▁of ▁tour ism . ▁Comp an ies ▁such ▁as ▁Sister ▁Commun ities ▁of ▁San ▁Ram on , ▁Nic ar agua ▁offer ▁ec ot our ism ▁options . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁tour istic ▁attra ctions ▁include : ▁taking ▁an ▁English - spe aking ▁guide ▁to ▁the ▁abandoned ▁gold ▁mine ▁" La ▁Re ina " ▁( 5 ▁kilom eters ▁from ▁town ), ▁the ▁water falls ▁" La ▁Lima " ▁and ▁" La ▁Gar ro ta " ▁which ▁are ▁respectively ▁about ▁ 1 . 5 ▁kilom eters ▁and ▁ 3 ▁kilom eters ▁from ▁the ▁city ▁center , ▁a ▁gu ided ▁historic ▁tour ▁of ▁" C er ro ▁de ▁la ▁cru z " ▁( H ill ▁of ▁the ▁cross ) ▁where ▁you ▁can ▁eat ▁your ▁fill ▁of ▁fresh ▁fruit ▁and ▁see ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁surrounding ▁coun tr ys ide ▁from ▁rust ic ▁wooden ▁ben ches , ▁and ▁finally ▁tri ps ▁to ▁see ▁local ▁art is ans ▁creating ▁art is anal ▁text iles , ▁rec yc led ▁paper ▁station ery , ▁and ▁j ew |
el ry ▁from ▁se eds ▁and ▁other ▁local ▁comm od ities . ▁ ▁Other ▁tour ist ▁attra ctions ▁that ▁are ▁nearby ▁and ▁directly ▁affect ▁the ▁town ' s ▁re venue ▁are ▁the ▁e co - res ort ▁" Es per anza ▁Ver de " ▁and ▁" La ▁Sel va ▁Neg ra ". ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁generally ▁a ▁high ▁presence ▁of ▁foreign ers ▁in ▁San ▁Ram on ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁hosp itable ▁climate ▁and ▁a ▁history ▁of ▁international ▁aid ▁stations ▁being ▁placed ▁there . ▁Seattle - based ▁non - pro fit , ▁Cor ner ▁of ▁Love , ▁leads ▁more ▁than ▁twenty ▁medical - d ental - opt ical ▁brig ades ▁per ▁year ▁to ▁serve ▁in ▁San ▁Ram on ▁and ▁si xty ▁outer - lying ▁villages . ▁The ▁organization ' s ▁volunte ers ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁working ▁on ▁education ▁and ▁clean ▁water ▁projects ▁in ▁numerous ▁rural ▁communities , ▁offering ▁mobile ▁health care ▁clin ics ▁in ▁area ▁villages , ▁and ▁supporting ▁Cor ner ▁of ▁Love ' s ▁Nic ar agu an ▁staff ▁members ▁who ▁carry ▁out ▁native - led ▁health care ▁campaign s . ▁San ▁Ram on ' s ▁local ▁tour ism ▁office ▁is ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁Inter amer ican ▁Foundation ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁working ▁on ▁a ▁web ▁page , ▁and ▁USA ID ▁and ▁Peace ▁Corps ▁have ▁frequently ▁been ▁present ▁there . ▁Additionally , ▁San ▁Ram on ▁is ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁the ▁Ass ocia cion ▁Catal ana ▁where ▁Sp ani ards ▁consult ▁and ▁assist ▁the ▁loc als ▁in ▁coffee ▁production , ▁adult ▁education , ▁building ▁initi |
atives ▁with ▁wood ▁and ▁b am bo o , ▁and ▁teaching ▁scholar ships . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Our ▁Time ▁in ▁Nic ar agua : ▁B ie ven idos ▁a ▁San ▁Ram on , ▁Mat ag al pa ▁http :// www . man f ut . org / mat ag al pa / ram on . html ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Nic ar agua ▁Category : M unicip al ities ▁of ▁the ▁Mat ag al pa ▁Department ▁Category : H ond uras – N ic ar agua ▁border ▁cross ings <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁Gent le ▁Cre ature ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁drama ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Serge i ▁L oz n its a . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁created ▁as ▁an ▁international ▁co - production ▁between ▁France , ▁Germany , ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁Russia , ▁Lat via , ▁Ukraine ▁and ▁Lith u ania . ▁It ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁comp ete ▁for ▁the ▁Pal me ▁d ' Or ▁in ▁the ▁main ▁competition ▁section ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁C annes ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁The ▁film ▁is ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁short ▁story ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name ▁by ▁F y odor ▁D osto ye v sky . ▁ ▁Plot ▁A ▁woman ▁lives ▁alone ▁on ▁the ▁out sk ir ts ▁of ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Russia . ▁One ▁day ▁she ▁receives ▁a ▁par cel ▁she ▁had ▁sent ▁to ▁her ▁in car cer ated ▁husband , ▁marked ▁' return ▁to ▁sender '. ▁Sho ck ed ▁and ▁confused , ▁the ▁woman ▁has ▁no |
▁choice ▁but ▁to ▁travel ▁to ▁the ▁prison ▁in ▁a ▁remote ▁region ▁of ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁search ▁of ▁an ▁explanation . ▁So ▁begins ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁a ▁battle ▁against ▁this ▁im pen et rable ▁for tr ess , ▁the ▁prison ▁where ▁the ▁forces ▁of ▁social ▁evil ▁are ▁constantly ▁at ▁work . ▁Bra ving ▁violence ▁and ▁hum ili ation , ▁in ▁the ▁face ▁of ▁all ▁opposition , ▁our ▁protagon ist ▁emb arks ▁on ▁a ▁blind ▁quest ▁for ▁justice . ▁ ▁Cast ▁▁ ▁Vas il ina ▁Mak ov t se va ▁ ▁Serge i ▁K oles ov ▁ ▁Dim it ry ▁By kov sky ▁ ▁L ia ▁Ak hed zh ak ova ▁ ▁V ad im ▁Dub ov sky ▁ ▁Ro za ▁H aj r ull ina ▁ ▁Serge y ▁Fed or ov ▁ ▁Marina ▁K lesh che va ▁ ▁Al isa ▁K rav t so va ▁ ▁Serge i ▁Rus sk in ▁ ▁Alexander ▁Zam ura ev ▁ ▁S vet l ana ▁K oles ova ▁ ▁Val er iu ▁And ri uta ▁ ▁Nikol ay ▁Kol y ada ▁ ▁Konst antin ▁It un in ▁ ▁Bor is ▁Kam or zin ▁ ▁Anton ▁Mak ush in ▁ ▁Serge i ▁K osh on in ▁ ▁Vik tor ▁Nem ets ▁ ▁El ena ▁N etes ina ▁ ▁Production ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Marian ne ▁S lot ▁and ▁Car ine ▁Leb l anc ▁for ▁S lot ▁Machine ▁( France ). ▁Co ▁produ cers ▁are ▁Valent ina ▁Mik h ale va , ▁Gal ina ▁S ement se va , |
▁Lev ▁Kar ak han , ▁G unn ar ▁D ed io , ▁Ul j ana ▁Kim , ▁Peter ▁W arn ier , ▁Marc ▁van ▁War mer dam ▁and ▁Serge ▁Lan ren y uk . ▁A ▁Gent le ▁Cre ature ▁was ▁produced ▁in ▁cop roduction ▁with ▁Arte ▁France ▁cinema , ▁GP ▁cinema ▁company ▁( Russ ia ), ▁LO OK S film ▁( G erm any ), ▁Studio ▁Ul j ana ▁Kim ▁( L ith u ania ), ▁Wild ▁at ▁Art ▁& ▁Gran iet ▁Film ▁( The ▁Netherlands ), ▁Sol ar ▁Media ▁Entertainment ▁( U k raine ), ▁in ▁association ▁with ▁Wild ▁B unch , ▁Haut ▁et ▁Court , ▁Pot em k ine ▁Films , ▁At oms ▁& ▁Void , ▁Film ▁Ang els ▁Studio ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁Eur images , ▁A ide ▁aux ▁Cin ém as ▁du ▁Monde , ▁A ide ▁à ▁la ▁Cop roduction ▁Franco - Al le mande , ▁Centre ▁National ▁du ▁Cin éma ▁et ▁de ▁l ' image ▁Anim ée , ▁Institut ▁Fran çais , ▁Mittel deutsch e ▁Medien för der ung , ▁Film för der ungs anstalt , ▁Netherlands ▁Film ▁Fund , ▁Netherlands ▁Film ▁Production ▁In cent ive , ▁National ▁Film ▁Centre ▁of ▁Lat via , ▁R iga ▁Film ▁Fund , ▁Lith uan ian ▁Film ▁Centre , ▁Lith uan ian ▁National ▁Radio ▁and ▁Television , ▁and ▁the ▁Creative ▁Europe ▁Program me ▁– ▁Media ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁Union . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁shot ▁in ▁Lat via ▁and ▁Lith u ania . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Box ▁office ▁The ▁budget |
▁of ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁eu ros ▁and ▁the ▁Russia ▁Box ▁Office ▁figures ▁are ▁$ 6 , 8 3 7 ▁( 1 , 5 8 3 ▁view ers ▁in ▁total ) ▁with ▁ 3 5 . 7 % ▁collected ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁week end . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁On ▁review ▁aggreg ator ▁website ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes , ▁the ▁film ▁holds ▁an ▁appro val ▁rating ▁of ▁ 7 7 %, ▁based ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁reviews , ▁and ▁an ▁average ▁rating ▁of ▁ 7 . 1 / 1 0 . ▁On ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁the ▁film ▁has ▁a ▁weight ed ▁average ▁score ▁of ▁ 7 8 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁based ▁on ▁ 9 ▁critics , ▁indicating ▁" gener ally ▁favor able ▁reviews ". ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : Russ ian - language ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁Serge i ▁L oz n its a ▁Category : D utch ▁films ▁Category : D utch ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : F rench ▁films ▁Category : F rench ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : G erman ▁films ▁Category : G erman ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : Lat v ian ▁films ▁Category : Lat v ian ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : L ith uan ian ▁films ▁Category : L ith uan ian ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : Russ ian ▁films ▁Category : Russ ian ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : U |
k rain ian ▁films ▁Category : U k rain ian ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁based ▁on ▁works ▁by ▁F y odor ▁D osto ye v sky ▁Category : Fil ms ▁based ▁on ▁short ▁fiction <0x0A> </s> ▁Russian ▁cross ▁is ▁a ▁variation ▁of ▁the ▁Christian ▁cross ▁with ▁two ▁cross be ams , ▁of ▁which ▁the ▁higher ▁one ▁is ▁horizontal ▁and ▁longer , ▁and ▁the ▁lower ▁one ▁is ▁diagonal . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁Moscow ▁church ▁council ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 4 ▁the ▁patri arch ▁N ikon ▁of ▁Moscow ▁promoted ▁the ▁decision ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁eight - point ed ▁Orth odox ▁cross ▁( <0xE2> <0x98> <0xA6> ) ▁with ▁the ▁six - point ed ▁Russian ▁cross , ▁but ▁that ▁move ▁combined ▁with ▁some ▁other ▁changes ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁r ask ol ▁( sch ism ) ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁Orth odox ▁Church . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁the ▁Russian ▁cross ▁was ▁used ▁on ▁the ▁coat ▁of ▁arms ▁of ▁the ▁Kh erson ▁Governor ate ▁in ▁the ▁Russian ▁emp ire , ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁" Russ ian ▁cross ". ▁In ▁the ▁Russian ▁Orth odox ▁Church , ▁the ▁incl ination ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁cross bar ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁Orth odox ▁cross ▁is ▁viewed ▁as ▁the ▁cross bar ▁of ▁the ▁balance , ▁one ▁point ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁raised ▁as ▁a ▁sign ▁of ▁the ▁pen it ent ▁th ief . ▁The ▁other ▁cru c ified ▁th ief , ▁who ▁bl as ph emed ▁at ▁Jesus ▁Christ , ▁is ▁indicated ▁by ▁the ▁lower ▁point ▁of ▁the |
▁cross bar , ▁t ilt ed ▁down ward . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : C ross es ▁by ▁form ▁Category : Russ ian ▁Orth odox ▁Church ▁Category : C ross es ▁by ▁culture ▁Category : National ▁symbols ▁of ▁Russia <0x0A> </s> ▁Ill ue ca ▁is ▁a ▁municipality ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁Zar ago za , ▁Arag on , ▁Spain . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁census ▁( INE ), ▁the ▁municipality ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 3 , 3 9 6 ▁inhabitants . ▁ ▁Ant ip ope ▁Bened ict ▁XIII ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁later ▁buried ▁here . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M unicip al ities ▁in ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Zar ago za ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Zar ago za <0x0A> </s> ▁Dol n je ▁M ra še vo ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁Municip ality ▁of ▁Stra ž a ▁in ▁sout he astern ▁Sloven ia . ▁The ▁area ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁historical ▁region ▁of ▁Lower ▁Car ni ola . ▁The ▁municipality ▁is ▁now ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁S out heast ▁Sloven ia ▁Statist ical ▁Region . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Dol n je ▁M ra še vo ▁at ▁Ge op edia ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁the ▁Municip ality ▁of ▁Stra ž a <0x0A> </s> ▁Lisa ▁G in zburg ▁( R ome , ▁October ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 6 6 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Italian ▁author , ▁transl ator ▁and ▁phil |
os opher . ▁She ▁currently ▁lives ▁in ▁Paris . ▁ ▁Biography ▁The ▁daughter ▁of ▁Carlo ▁G in zburg ▁and ▁Anna ▁Ros si - D oria , ▁she ▁graduated ▁in ▁Philosoph y ▁at ▁the ▁S ap ienza ▁University ▁in ▁Rome ▁and ▁further ▁special ized ▁her ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁Sc uola ▁Norm ale ▁Super iore ▁in ▁P isa , ▁T usc any . ▁At ▁first , ▁she ▁dedicated ▁her ▁studies ▁to ▁French ▁myst ic ism ▁from ▁the ▁Se vent e enth ▁century ▁( part icular ly ▁worthy ▁of ▁being ▁mentioned ▁is ▁the ▁edition ▁of ▁Jean ne ▁Guy on ' s ▁A ▁Comment ary ▁on ▁the ▁Song ▁of ▁Sol omon , ▁with ▁the ▁Italian ▁title ▁of ▁Comment o ▁mist ico ▁al ▁Cant ico ▁dei ▁cant ici , ▁Gen oa , ▁Mari etti , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ). ▁She ▁also ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁transl ator ▁( am ong ▁others , ▁she ▁translated ▁Alexander ▁K oj ève ' s ▁The ▁Emperor ▁Julian ▁and ▁His ▁Art ▁of ▁Writing , ▁with ▁the ▁Italian ▁title ▁of ▁L ' imper atore ▁Giul iano ▁e ▁l ' arte ▁della ▁sc ritt ura , ▁Roma , ▁Don z elli , ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁and ▁William ▁Shakespeare ' s ▁Love ' s ▁Labour ' s ▁Lost , ▁with ▁the ▁Italian ▁title ▁of ▁P ene ▁d ' am ore ▁perd ute , ▁Tor ino , ▁E ina udi , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ). ▁Moreover , ▁she ▁contributed ▁to ▁Italian ▁newsp apers ▁and ▁mag az ines , ▁such ▁as ▁Il ▁Mess |
agger o ▁and ▁Dom us . ▁She ▁cur ated , ▁together ▁with ▁Ces are ▁Gar bol i , ▁È ▁diff icile ▁par lare ▁di ▁sé , ▁a ▁mult il ater al ▁conversation ▁led ▁by ▁Mar ino ▁Sin ib ald i , ▁which ▁was ▁published ▁by ▁E ina udi ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁and ▁later ▁translated ▁into ▁German ▁( Es ▁f äll t ▁schwer , ▁von ▁sich ▁selbst ▁zu ▁spre chen , ▁aber ▁es ▁ist ▁sch ön , ▁Berlin , ▁W agen bach , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ) ▁and ▁English ▁( It ' s ▁hard ▁to ▁talk ▁about ▁yourself , ▁Chicago , ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ). ▁ ▁Works ▁Mer c ati : ▁vi aggio ▁nell ' Italia ▁che ▁v ende , ▁Rome , ▁Editor i ▁ri un iti , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Des ider ava ▁la ▁bu fer a , ▁Milan , ▁Fel tr in elli , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁An ita : ▁storia ▁di ▁An ita ▁Gar ib ald i , ▁Rome , ▁E / O , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Col pi ▁d ' ala , ▁Milan , ▁Fel tr in elli , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Mal ì a ▁Bah ia , ▁Rome - B ari , ▁Later za , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Per ▁am ore , ▁Ven ice , ▁Mars ilio , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁S pi et ati ▁i ▁m ans uet i , ▁Rome , ▁G |
aff i , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Bu ong ior no ▁me zz an otte , ▁tor no ▁a ▁casa , ▁Rome , ▁Ital o ▁S ve vo , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ital ian ▁transl ators ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Italian ▁philosoph ers ▁Category : Ital ian ▁women ▁philosoph ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁transl ators ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Italian ▁women ▁writers ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁Rome ▁Category : S ap ienza ▁University ▁of ▁Rome ▁al umn i ▁Category : Sc uola ▁Norm ale ▁Super iore ▁di ▁P isa ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Ald ers hot ▁Football ▁Club ▁played ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 – 9 2 ▁season ▁in ▁the ▁Four th ▁Division , ▁however ▁financial ▁problems ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁club ▁being ▁w ound ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁High ▁Court . ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁played ▁ 3 6 ▁le agues ▁games ▁during ▁the ▁season ▁winning ▁just ▁three ▁times . ▁The ▁club ▁also ▁suffered ▁first ▁round ▁ex its ▁in ▁both ▁the ▁League ▁Cup ▁and ▁FA ▁Cup ▁to ▁Peter borough ▁United ▁and ▁En field ▁respectively . ▁ ▁Manager ▁Brian ▁Tal bot ▁res igned ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁to ▁be ▁succeeded ▁by ▁Ian ▁Mc Donald . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 5 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Ald ers hot ▁F . C . ▁finally ▁went ▁out ▁of ▁business |
▁and ▁were ▁obliged ▁to ▁res ign ▁from ▁the ▁Football ▁League . ▁The ▁final ▁game ▁played ▁was ▁a ▁ 2 – 0 ▁defeat ▁against ▁Card iff ▁City ▁at ▁Nin ian ▁Park ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁March . ▁The ▁last ▁home ▁game ▁was ▁a ▁ 3 – 0 ▁defeat ▁to ▁Lincoln ▁City , ▁also ▁in ▁the ▁league , ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁March . ▁Ald ers hot ' s ▁final ▁eight ▁compet itive ▁games ▁all ▁ended ▁in ▁defeat ▁and ▁they ▁had ▁not ▁won ▁any ▁of ▁their ▁final ▁ 1 6 ▁games ; ▁their ▁last ▁compet itive ▁win ▁was ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁away ▁to ▁Ma id stone ▁United ▁in ▁the ▁Four th ▁Division . ▁Ma id stone ▁also ▁went ▁out ▁of ▁business ▁and ▁had ▁to ▁leave ▁the ▁Football ▁League ▁just ▁five ▁months ▁after ▁Ald ers hot ' s ▁dem ise . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁References ▁▁ 1 9 9 1 - 9 2 ▁Ald ers hot <0x0A> </s> ▁U ph all ▁railway ▁station ▁serves ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁U ph all ▁Station ▁and ▁some ▁areas ▁of ▁Living ston ▁in ▁West ▁L oth ian , ▁Scotland . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁North ▁C ly de ▁Line , ▁ 1 2 ½ m iles ▁( 2 0 km ) ▁west ▁of ▁Edinburgh . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁was ▁opened ▁as ▁Houston ▁by ▁the ▁Edinburgh ▁and ▁Bath gate ▁Railway ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁November ▁ 1 8 4 9 . ▁On ▁ 1 ▁August ▁ 1 8 5 6 |
▁it ▁was ▁renamed ▁as ▁U ph all . ▁The ▁station ▁closed ▁on ▁ 9 ▁January ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁ ▁U ph all ▁Station ▁was ▁a ▁large ▁hub , ▁cent red ▁on ▁West ▁L oth ian ▁oil ▁production ▁and ▁sh ale ▁min ing . ▁The ▁area ▁has ▁changed ▁beyond ▁recognition ▁in ▁recent ▁years . ▁Before ▁the ▁M 8 ▁was ▁constructed , ▁U ph all ▁oil ▁works ▁lay ▁just ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁station , ▁with ▁extensive ▁exchange ▁sid ings ▁located ▁next ▁to ▁the ▁station . ▁A ▁branch ▁continued ▁north ▁to ▁U ph all , ▁then ▁sw ung ▁east ward ▁just ▁south ▁of ▁E cc les m ach an ▁( where ▁a ▁branch ▁from ▁Th re em ile town ▁joined ). ▁The ▁line ▁continued ▁to ▁the ▁Gre end y kes ▁area ▁of ▁Bro x burn , ▁( Al b yn ▁or ▁Alb ion ▁O il ▁works ) ▁where ▁it ▁connected ▁with ▁the ▁lines ▁from ▁Bro x burn ▁j unction ▁( Win ch burgh ) ▁( the ▁Bro x burn ▁Railway ) ▁and ▁Dr um sh or eland . ▁ ▁Just ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁station ▁lay ▁U ph all ▁J ct ., ▁connecting ▁the ▁Cam ps ▁Branch . ▁This ▁line , ▁ 3 ▁miles ▁and ▁ 5 2 ▁ch ains ▁in ▁length , ▁began ▁with ▁a ▁large ▁set ▁of ▁exchange ▁sid ings ▁adjacent ▁to ▁the ▁E & B , ▁and ▁served ▁various ▁sid ings , ▁the ▁P um pher ston ▁O il ▁Co ., ▁East ▁Cal der ▁and ▁terminated ▁at ▁Raw ▁Cam |
ps ▁( T or rance ' s ) ▁quar ry . ▁The ▁N BR ▁Cam ps ▁branch ▁formed ▁a ▁j unction ▁with ▁the ▁C aled onian ▁Cam ps ▁branch ▁at ▁Cam ps ▁Good s ▁station . ▁The ▁course ▁of ▁these ▁lines ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁on ▁Or dn ance ▁Survey ▁Maps ▁One - inch ▁" Pop ular " ▁edition . ▁ ▁Re open ing ▁ ▁The ▁station ' s ▁re open ing , ▁with ▁a ▁single ▁platform , ▁came ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁re open ing ▁of ▁the ▁Edinburgh ▁to ▁Bath gate ▁Line ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁March ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁Ever ▁since , ▁train ▁services ▁at ▁U ph all ▁were ▁normally ▁operated ▁by ▁dies el ▁multiple ▁units ▁( initial ly ▁Class ▁ 1 0 1 s , ▁then ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Class ▁ 1 5 0 s ▁and ▁by ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁or ▁Class ▁ 1 7 0 s ). ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁was ▁re open ed ▁by ▁British ▁Rail . ▁ ▁The ▁railway ▁was ▁elect r ified ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁A ird rie - B ath gate ▁Rail ▁Link , ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁second ▁platform ▁being ▁brought ▁into ▁service ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁As ▁of ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁all ▁trains ▁on ▁the ▁U ph all ▁station ▁line ▁are ▁elect r ified ▁with ▁passenger ▁usage ▁increasing ▁dram atically ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁reli ability ▁of ▁the ▁trains , |
▁increased ▁frequency ▁( every ▁ 1 5 ▁minutes ▁Monday ▁- ▁Saturday ▁during ▁peak ▁times ) ▁and ▁the ▁short ▁journey ▁times ▁( 1 5 – 2 0 ▁minutes ▁into ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁Edinburgh ). ▁ ▁Service ▁ ▁Winter ▁ 2 0 1 0 / 1 1 ▁( From ▁ 1 2 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁week ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁east bound ▁service ▁to ▁Edinburgh ▁every ▁ 1 5 ▁minutes ▁which ▁takes ▁between ▁ 1 5 – 2 0 ▁minutes ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁Edinburgh ▁and ▁ 1 0 ▁minutes ▁to ▁reach ▁Edinburgh ▁Park . ▁An ▁west bound ▁service ▁of ▁two ▁trains ▁per ▁hour ▁to ▁Mil ng av ie ▁and ▁two ▁trains ▁per ▁hour ▁to ▁Hel ens burgh ▁Central , ▁both ▁via ▁Glasgow ▁oper ates ▁ 6 ▁days ▁a ▁week ▁as ▁well ▁( half ▁hour ly ▁to ▁Hel ens burgh ▁only ▁in ▁the ▁evening ▁and ▁on ▁Sunday ). ▁The ▁early ▁morning ▁comm uter ▁trains ▁to ▁Edinburgh ▁are ▁exception ally ▁popular ▁to ▁such ▁an ▁extent ▁there ▁is ▁commonly ▁no ▁available ▁par king ▁at ▁the ▁station ▁after ▁ 8 . 3 0 am , ▁this ▁has ▁pushed ▁house ▁prices ▁within ▁walking ▁of ▁the ▁distance ▁of ▁the ▁rail ▁station ▁up ▁in ▁recent ▁years ▁as ▁passenger ▁numbers ▁have ▁grown ▁by ▁around ▁ 3 5 - 4 0 % ▁a ▁year ▁to ▁an ▁estimated ▁ 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 / 1 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁has ▁shelter ▁and ▁a ▁ticket ▁machine , ▁no |
▁ticket ▁bar riers . ▁ ▁Access ▁ ▁A ▁car ▁par king ▁area ▁is ▁located ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁and ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁station . ▁ ▁The ▁only ▁access ▁between ▁platforms ▁is ▁by ▁public ▁foot way ▁beyond ▁either ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁station . ▁At ▁the ▁eastern ▁end ▁this ▁is ▁via ▁an ▁under pass . ▁The ▁walking ▁time ▁between ▁platforms , ▁or ▁between ▁east bound ▁platform ▁and ▁car ▁park ▁is ▁around ▁ 2 ▁minutes . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁RA IL SC OT ▁on ▁Edinburgh ▁and ▁Bath gate ▁Railway ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Visual ▁images ▁of ▁U ph all ▁railway ▁station ▁and ▁Roman ▁Camp ▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁West ▁L oth ian ▁Category : Form er ▁North ▁British ▁Railway ▁stations ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 9 ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁Category : Re open ed ▁railway ▁stations ▁in ▁Great ▁Britain ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁served ▁by ▁Ab elli o ▁Scot R ail ▁Category : 1 8 4 9 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Scotland <0x0A> </s> ▁Keith ▁F ent on ▁( born ▁June ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁cur ler . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁and ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁Lab att ▁B rier ▁champion . ▁ ▁Awards ▁Man it oba ▁Sports ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame : ▁induct ed |
▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁with ▁all ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁Ker ry ▁B urt ny k ▁team , ▁Canadian ▁and ▁World ▁champions ▁ ▁Teams ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Keith ▁F ent on ▁– ▁Cur ling ▁Canada ▁St ats ▁Archive ▁Video : ▁▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁male ▁curl ers ▁Category : C url ers ▁from ▁Man it oba ▁Category : World ▁cur ling ▁champions ▁Category : B rier ▁champions ▁Category : Can ada ▁Cup ▁( cur ling ) ▁participants <0x0A> </s> ▁Chen aran ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Chen ā r ā n ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Nak hl est an ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁K ah nu j ▁County , ▁K erman ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 7 8 , ▁in ▁ 1 9 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁K ah nu j ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁sk ys cra per ▁and ▁ret ail ▁complex ▁completed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁in ▁the ▁Sh ib u ya ▁sho pping ▁district ▁of ▁Tokyo , ▁Japan . ▁ ▁The ▁building ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁space ▁vac ated ▁when ▁the ▁T ō ky ū ▁T ō y oko ▁Line ▁terminal ▁in ▁Sh ib u ya ▁was ▁re located ▁under ground ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ |
▁Sh ib u ya ▁Stream ▁hosts ▁Google ' s ▁Japan ▁head ▁office ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁Excel ▁Tok y u ▁Sh ib u ya ▁Stream ▁hotel . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Sk ys cra per ▁office ▁buildings ▁in ▁Tokyo ▁Category : Ret ail ▁buildings ▁in ▁Tokyo ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁completed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁fict ional ▁character ▁Spider - Man , ▁a ▁com ic ▁book ▁super h ero ▁created ▁by ▁Stan ▁Lee ▁and ▁Steve ▁Dit ko ▁and ▁featured ▁in ▁Marvel ▁Comics ▁publications , ▁has ▁appeared ▁as ▁a ▁main ▁character ▁in ▁eleven ▁live - action ▁films ▁( ex cluding ▁un lic ensed ▁or ▁guest ▁appearances ). ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁author ized ▁appearance ▁of ▁Spider - Man ▁in ▁film ▁was ▁in ▁Spider - Man , ▁an ▁American ▁made - for - tele vision ▁film ▁that ▁premier ed ▁on ▁the ▁CBS ▁network ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁It ▁star red ▁Nicholas ▁Hamm ond ▁and ▁was ▁intended ▁as ▁a ▁back door ▁pilot ▁for ▁what ▁became ▁a ▁week ly ▁epis od ic ▁TV ▁series . ▁ ▁The ▁rights ▁to ▁further ▁films ▁featuring ▁the ▁character ▁were ▁purchased ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁and ▁moved ▁through ▁various ▁production ▁companies ▁and ▁stud ios ▁before ▁passing ▁to ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁Entertainment ▁( Col umb ia ▁Pictures ). ▁Sony ▁h ired ▁Sam ▁Ra imi ▁to ▁direct ▁Spider - Man ▁( 2 0 0 2 ), ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 0 4 ), ▁and ▁Spider - Man ▁ |
3 ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁st arring ▁Tob ey ▁Mag u ire . ▁The ▁first ▁two ▁films ▁were ▁met ▁with ▁positive ▁reviews ▁from ▁critics , ▁while ▁the ▁third ▁film ▁received ▁mixed ▁reviews . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Sony ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁franch ise ▁would ▁be ▁reboot ed . ▁Marc ▁Web b ▁was ▁h ired ▁to ▁direct , ▁with ▁Andrew ▁Gar field ▁st arring , ▁and ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁was ▁released ▁to ▁positive ▁reviews . ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁saw ▁mixed ▁reviews . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Disney , ▁Marvel ▁Studios ▁and ▁Sony ▁announced ▁a ▁deal ▁to ▁share ▁the ▁Spider - Man ▁film ▁rights , ▁leading ▁to ▁a ▁new ▁iteration ▁of ▁Spider - Man ▁being ▁introduced ▁and ▁integrated ▁into ▁the ▁MC U . ▁The ▁deal ▁allowed ▁Sony ▁to ▁dist ribute ▁and ▁have ▁final ▁cre ative ▁control ▁over ▁MC U ▁films ▁where ▁Spider - Man ▁is ▁the ▁main ▁character , ▁while ▁Disney ▁distributed ▁the ▁ones ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁not . ▁Tom ▁Holland ▁port ray s ▁this ▁younger ▁version ▁of ▁Spider - Man , ▁appearing ▁in ▁Captain ▁America : ▁Civil ▁War ▁( 2 0 1 6 ), ▁Spider - Man : ▁Home coming ▁( 2 0 1 7 ), ▁Aven gers : ▁In fin ity ▁War ▁( 2 0 1 8 ), ▁Aven gers : ▁End game ▁( 2 0 1 9 ), ▁and ▁Spider - |
Man : ▁Far ▁From ▁Home ▁( 2 0 1 9 ). ▁All ▁of ▁Spider - Man ' s ▁MC U ▁appearances ▁received ▁positive ▁reviews . ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Disney ▁and ▁Sony ▁announced ▁a ▁new ▁agreement ▁to ▁enable ▁a ▁third ▁MC U ▁Spider - Man ▁film ▁set ▁for ▁release ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 2 1 , ▁following ▁earlier ▁reports ▁of ▁a ▁failure ▁to ▁agree ▁on ▁terms . ▁ ▁Pl ans ▁for ▁an ▁animated ▁Spider - Man ▁film ▁were ▁officially ▁announced ▁by ▁Sony ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁Spider - Man : ▁In to ▁the ▁Spider - Ver se ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁comb ines ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁Image works ' ▁computer ▁animation ▁pipeline ▁with ▁traditional ▁hand - dra wn ▁com ic ▁book ▁techniques , ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁Mil es ▁Mor ales ' s ▁co - cre ator ▁S ara ▁P ich elli . ▁Comple ting ▁the ▁animation ▁required ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 4 0 ▁anim ators , ▁the ▁largest ▁crew ▁ever ▁used ▁by ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁An imation ▁for ▁a ▁film . ▁In to ▁the ▁Spider - Ver se ▁received ▁universal ▁acc laim , ▁won ▁the ▁Academy ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Anim ated ▁Fe ature , ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁highest - r ated ▁film ▁in ▁the ▁Spider - Man ▁franch ise , ▁sur pass ing ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 . ▁ ▁Ra imi ' s ▁tr il ogy ▁gross ed ▁$ 2 . 5 ▁billion ▁world wide ▁on ▁a ▁$ 5 9 7 ▁million |
▁budget , ▁while ▁Web b ' s ▁films ▁gross ed ▁over ▁$ 1 . 4 ▁billion ▁on ▁a ▁$ 4 8 0 ▁million ▁budget . ▁Spider - Man ' s ▁MC U ▁films ▁( Home coming ▁and ▁Far ▁From ▁Home ) ▁gross ed ▁over ▁$ 2 ▁billion ▁on ▁a ▁$ 3 3 5 ▁million ▁budget ▁and ▁In to ▁the ▁Spider - Ver se ▁gross ed ▁$ 3 7 5 ▁million ▁on ▁a ▁$ 9 0 ▁million ▁budget . ▁The ▁Spider - Man ▁films ▁have ▁gross ed ▁over ▁$ 6 . 3 ▁billion ▁collect ively ▁at ▁the ▁global ▁box ▁office . ▁This ▁includes ▁Far ▁From ▁Home , ▁which ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁Spider - Man ▁film ▁to ▁gross ▁over ▁$ 1 ▁billion ▁world wide ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Sony ' s ▁highest - g ross ing ▁film ▁ever . ▁ ▁Early ▁television ▁films ▁ ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁series ▁( 1 9 7 7 – 1 9 8 1 ) ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁( 1 9 7 7 ) ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁the ▁pilot ▁episode ▁of ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁television ▁series ▁was ▁released ▁by ▁Columbia ▁Pictures ▁as ▁Spider - Man ▁outside ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁It ▁was ▁directed ▁by ▁E . ▁W . ▁Sw ack ham er , ▁written ▁by ▁Al vin ▁Bor etz ▁and ▁stars ▁Nicholas ▁Hamm ond ▁as ▁the ▁tit ular ▁character , ▁David ▁White ▁as ▁J . ▁Jon ah ▁James on ▁and ▁Jeff ▁D onn ell ▁as ▁May ▁Parker . ▁The |
▁film ▁premier ed ▁on ▁CBS ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁and ▁received ▁a ▁V HS ▁release ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁St rik es ▁Back ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁the ▁two - part ▁episode ▁" D ead ly ▁D ust " ▁from ▁the ▁television ▁series ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁was ▁re - ed ited ▁and ▁released ▁outside ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁as ▁a ▁feature ▁film ▁titled ▁Spider - Man ▁St rik es ▁Back . ▁Nicholas ▁Hamm ond ▁repr ises ▁his ▁role ▁as ▁Peter ▁Parker ▁/ ▁Spider - Man ▁while ▁Robert ▁F . ▁Simon ▁rep laces ▁David ▁White ▁in ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁J . ▁Jon ah ▁James on . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁the atr ically ▁released ▁on ▁ 8 ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁ ▁Spider - Man : ▁The ▁Dragon ' s ▁Challenge ▁( 1 9 8 1 ) ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁a ▁film ▁made ▁from ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁television ▁series ▁finale ▁" The ▁Chinese ▁Web " ▁using ▁the ▁same ▁method ▁used ▁to ▁make ▁Spider - Man ▁St rik es ▁Back ▁was ▁released ▁as ▁Spider - Man : ▁The ▁Dragon ' s ▁Challenge ▁in ▁European ▁territ ories . ▁Nicholas ▁Hamm ond ▁and ▁Robert ▁F . ▁Simon ▁respectively ▁repr ise ▁their ▁roles ▁as ▁Peter ▁Parker ▁/ ▁Spider - Man ▁and ▁J . ▁Jon ah ▁James on . ▁It ▁was |
▁directed ▁by ▁Ron ▁Sat lo f , ▁written ▁by ▁Robert ▁Jan es ▁and ▁stars ▁Nicholas ▁Hamm ond ▁as ▁the ▁tit ular ▁character , ▁Ros al ind ▁Ch ao , ▁Robert ▁F . ▁Simon , ▁B enson ▁F ong , ▁and ▁Ellen ▁Bry ▁ ▁Early ▁short ▁film ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁T ō ei ▁released ▁a ▁the atr ical ▁spin - off ▁of ▁their ▁Spider - Man ▁TV ▁series ▁at ▁the ▁T ō ei ▁Cart oon ▁Festival . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁directed ▁by ▁K ō ichi ▁Tak em oto , ▁who ▁also ▁directed ▁eight ▁episodes ▁of ▁the ▁TV ▁series . ▁The ▁week ▁after ▁the ▁film ' s ▁release , ▁a ▁character ▁introduced ▁in ▁the ▁film , ▁J ū z ō ▁M ami ya ▁( play ed ▁by ▁Nob oru ▁Nak aya ), ▁began ▁appearing ▁in ▁episodes ▁of ▁the ▁TV ▁series . ▁Like ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁series , ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁made ▁available ▁for ▁streaming ▁on ▁Marvel ' s ▁official ▁website ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Development ▁ ▁C annon ▁Films ▁The ▁low ▁box ▁office ▁performance ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 3 ' s ▁Super man ▁III ▁made ▁feature - film ▁adapt ations ▁of ▁com ic ▁book ▁properties ▁a ▁very ▁low ▁priority ▁in ▁Hollywood ▁until ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁after ▁a ▁brief ▁option ▁on ▁Spider - Man ▁by ▁Roger ▁C orm |
an ▁exp ired , ▁Marvel ▁Comics ▁option ed ▁the ▁property ▁to ▁C annon ▁Films . ▁C annon ▁chief s ▁Men ah em ▁Gol an ▁and ▁his ▁cousin ▁Y or am ▁G lob us ▁agreed ▁to ▁pay ▁Marvel ▁Comics ▁$ 2 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁over ▁the ▁five - year ▁option ▁period , ▁plus ▁a ▁percentage ▁of ▁any ▁film ' s ▁reven ues . ▁However , ▁the ▁rights ▁would ▁revert ▁to ▁Marvel ▁if ▁a ▁film ▁was ▁not ▁made ▁by ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁T obe ▁Ho oper , ▁then ▁prepar ing ▁both ▁Inv aders ▁From ▁Mars ▁and ▁The ▁Texas ▁Ch ains aw ▁Mass acre ▁ 2 , ▁was ▁mo oted ▁as ▁director . ▁Gol an ▁and ▁G lob us ▁misunder stood ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁the ▁character ▁(" They ▁thought ▁it ▁was ▁like ▁The ▁Wolf ▁Man ", ▁said ▁director ▁Joseph ▁Z ito ) ▁and ▁instruct ed ▁writer ▁Les lie ▁Stevens , ▁cre ator ▁of ▁The ▁Out er ▁Lim its , ▁to ▁write ▁a ▁treatment ▁reflect ing ▁their ▁mis con ception . ▁In ▁Stevens ' ▁story , ▁a ▁corpor ate ▁scient ist ▁intention ally ▁subjects ▁ID - bad ge ▁photograph er ▁Peter ▁Parker ▁to ▁radio active ▁bomb ard ment , ▁transform ing ▁him ▁into ▁a ▁hair y , ▁suic idal , ▁eight - ar med ▁mon ster . ▁This ▁human ▁tar ant ula ▁ref uses ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁scient ist ' s ▁new ▁master - race ▁of ▁mut ants , ▁batt ling ▁a ▁succession ▁of ▁mut ations ▁kept ▁in ▁a |
▁bas ement ▁labor atory . ▁ ▁Un h appy ▁with ▁this ▁perce ived ▁deb as ement ▁of ▁his ▁com ic ▁book ▁creation , ▁Marvel ' s ▁Stan ▁Lee ▁pushed ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁story ▁and ▁screen play , ▁written ▁for ▁C annon ▁by ▁Ted ▁News om ▁and ▁John ▁Bran c ato . ▁The ▁variation ▁on ▁the ▁origin ▁story ▁had ▁Otto ▁Oct av ius ▁as ▁a ▁teacher ▁and ▁ment or ▁to ▁a ▁college - aged ▁Peter ▁Parker . ▁The ▁cycl ot ron ▁accident ▁which ▁" cre ates " ▁Spider - Man ▁also ▁de forms ▁the ▁scient ist ▁into ▁Doctor ▁Oct opus ▁and ▁results ▁in ▁his ▁mad ▁purs uit ▁of ▁proof ▁of ▁the ▁Fif th ▁Force . ▁" Doc ▁O ck " ▁re construct s ▁his ▁cycl ot ron ▁and ▁causes ▁elect romagnet ic ▁ab normal ities , ▁anti - gravity ▁effects , ▁and ▁bil ocation ▁which ▁threat ens ▁to ▁eng ulf ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁and ▁the ▁world . ▁Joseph ▁Z ito , ▁who ▁had ▁directed ▁C annon ' s ▁successful ▁Ch uck ▁Nor ris ▁film ▁In vas ion ▁USA , ▁replaced ▁T obe ▁Ho oper . ▁The ▁new ▁director ▁h ired ▁Bar ney ▁C ohen ▁to ▁rewrite ▁the ▁script . ▁C ohen , ▁cre ator ▁of ▁TV ' s ▁Sab r ina ▁the ▁Te en age ▁W itch ▁and ▁Fore ver ▁Knight , ▁added ▁action ▁scenes , ▁a ▁non - can on ical ▁com ic - book ▁side k ick ▁for ▁the ▁villa in , ▁gave ▁Doc ▁O ck ▁the ▁catch ▁phrase , ▁" O |
key - do key ", ▁and ▁alter ed ▁his ▁goal ▁from ▁the ▁Fif th ▁Force ▁to ▁a ▁quest ▁for ▁anti - gravity . ▁Produ cer ▁Gol an ▁( using ▁his ▁pen ▁name ▁" Jose ph ▁Gold man ") ▁then ▁made ▁a ▁minor ▁pol ish ▁to ▁C ohen ' s ▁rewrite . ▁Z ito ▁sc out ed ▁locations ▁and ▁studio ▁facilities ▁in ▁both ▁the ▁U . S . ▁and ▁Europe , ▁and ▁o vers aw ▁story board ▁break down s ▁super vised ▁by ▁Har per ▁G off . ▁C annon ▁planned ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁film ▁on ▁the ▁then - subst ant ial ▁budget ▁of ▁between ▁$ 1 5 ▁and ▁$ 2 0 mill ion . ▁ ▁While ▁no ▁casting ▁was ▁final ized , ▁Z ito ▁expressed ▁interest ▁in ▁actor / st unt ▁man ▁Scott ▁Le va , ▁who ▁had ▁pos ed ▁for ▁C annon ' s ▁prom ot ional ▁photos ▁and ▁ad s , ▁and ▁made ▁public ▁appearances ▁as ▁Spider - Man ▁for ▁Marvel . ▁The ▁up - and - coming ▁actor ▁Tom ▁Cru ise ▁was ▁also ▁discussed ▁for ▁the ▁leading ▁role . ▁Z ito ▁considered ▁Bob ▁H os kins ▁as ▁Doc ▁O ck . ▁Stan ▁Lee ▁expressed ▁his ▁desire ▁to ▁play ▁Daily ▁Bug le ▁editor ▁J . ▁Jon ah ▁James on . ▁La uren ▁Bac all ▁and ▁Kath ar ine ▁He p burn ▁were ▁considered ▁for ▁A unt ▁May , ▁Peter ▁C ushing ▁as ▁a ▁sympath etic ▁scient ist , ▁and ▁Ad olph ▁Ca esar ▁as ▁a ▁police ▁detect ive . ▁With |
▁C annon ▁fin ances ▁si phon ed ▁by ▁the ▁expensive ▁Super man ▁IV : ▁The ▁Qu est ▁for ▁Peace ▁and ▁Masters ▁of ▁the ▁Un iverse , ▁the ▁company ▁slash ed ▁the ▁proposed ▁Spider - Man ▁budget ▁to ▁under ▁$ 1 0 mill ion . ▁Director ▁Z ito ▁opt ed ▁out , ▁unw illing ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁comprom ised ▁Spider - Man . ▁The ▁company ▁commission ed ▁low - bud get ▁re writ es ▁from ▁writers ▁She p ard ▁Gold man , ▁Don ▁Michael ▁Paul , ▁and ▁finally ▁Eth an ▁W iley , ▁and ▁pen ci led ▁in ▁company ▁work hor se ▁Albert ▁Py un ▁as ▁director , ▁who ▁also ▁made ▁script ▁alter ations . ▁ ▁Scott ▁Le va ▁was ▁still ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁character ▁through ▁Marvel ▁( he ▁had ▁appeared ▁in ▁photo ▁covers ▁of ▁the ▁com ic ), ▁and ▁read ▁each ▁draft . ▁Le va ▁commented , ▁" T ed ▁News om ▁and ▁John ▁Bran c ato ▁had ▁written ▁the ▁script . ▁It ▁was ▁good ▁but ▁it ▁needed ▁a ▁little ▁work . ▁Unfortunately , ▁with ▁every ▁subsequent ▁rewrite ▁by ▁other ▁writers , ▁it ▁went ▁from ▁good ▁to ▁bad ▁to ▁terrible ." ▁Due ▁to ▁C annon ' s ▁ass orted ▁financial ▁cr ises , ▁the ▁project ▁shut ▁down ▁after ▁sp ending ▁about ▁$ 1 . 5 mill ion ▁on ▁the ▁project . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁Path é , ▁owned ▁by ▁cor rupt ▁Italian ▁financi er ▁Gian car lo ▁Par rett i , ▁acquired ▁the ▁over ext ended ▁C |
annon . ▁The ▁film making ▁c ous ins ▁part ed , ▁G lob us ▁remaining ▁associated ▁with ▁Path é , ▁Gol an ▁leaving ▁to ▁run ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century ▁Film ▁Corporation , ▁keeping ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁properties ▁( including ▁Spider - Man ) ▁in ▁lieu ▁of ▁a ▁c ash ▁buy - out . ▁He ▁also ▁extended ▁his ▁Spider - Man ▁option ▁with ▁Marvel ▁up ▁to ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁ ▁Gol an ▁sh el ved ▁the ▁low - bud get ▁re writ es ▁and ▁attempted ▁to ▁fin ance ▁an ▁independent ▁production ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁big - bud get ▁script , ▁already ▁budget ed , ▁story board ed ▁and ▁laid ▁out . ▁At ▁C annes ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century ▁announced ▁a ▁September ▁start ▁date , ▁with ▁ad s ▁tout ing ▁the ▁script ▁by ▁" Bar ney ▁C ohen , ▁Ted ▁News om ▁& ▁John ▁Bran c ato ▁and ▁Joseph ▁Gold man ." ▁As ▁standard ▁practice , ▁Gol an ▁pre - s old ▁the ▁un made ▁film ▁to ▁raise ▁production ▁funds , ▁with ▁television ▁rights ▁bought ▁by ▁Via com ▁and ▁home ▁video ▁rights ▁by ▁Columbia ▁Pictures , ▁which ▁wanted ▁to ▁establish ▁a ▁studio ▁franch ise . ▁Stephen ▁Here k ▁was ▁attached ▁as ▁director ▁at ▁this ▁point . ▁Gol an ▁submitted ▁this ▁" new " ▁screen play ▁to ▁Columbia ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁( act ually ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁script ▁with ▁an ▁adjust ed ▁" 1 9 |
8 9 " ▁date ) ▁and ▁the ▁studio ▁requested ▁yet ▁another ▁rewrite . ▁Gol an ▁h ired ▁Frank ▁La Log gia , ▁who ▁turned ▁in ▁his ▁draft ▁but ▁grew ▁dis en ch anted ▁with ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century . ▁Neil ▁R ut ten berg ▁was ▁h ired ▁for ▁one ▁more ▁draft , ▁which ▁was ▁also ▁" cover ed " ▁by ▁script ▁readers ▁at ▁Columbia . ▁Columbia ' s ▁script ▁anal yst s ▁considered ▁all ▁three ▁subm issions ▁" ess entially ▁the ▁same ▁story ." ▁A ▁tent ative ▁production ▁deal ▁was ▁set . ▁Sa id ▁Stan ▁Lee ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁" 2 1 st ▁Century ▁[ is ] ▁supposed ▁to ▁do ▁Spider - Man ▁and ▁now ▁they ' re ▁talking ▁to ▁Columbia ▁and ▁the ▁way ▁it ▁looks ▁now , ▁Columbia ▁may ▁end ▁up ▁bu ying ▁Spider - Man ▁from ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century ." ▁ ▁Carol co ▁Pictures ▁/ ▁M GM ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century ' s ▁Men ah em ▁Gol an ▁still ▁act ively ▁imm ers ed ▁himself ▁mount ing ▁" his " ▁Spider - Man , ▁sending ▁the ▁original ▁" Doc ▁O ck " ▁script ▁for ▁production ▁b ids . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁he ▁contact ed ▁Canadian ▁effects ▁company ▁Light ▁and ▁Mot ion ▁Corporation ▁regarding ▁the ▁visual ▁effects , ▁which ▁in ▁turn ▁offered ▁the ▁stop - m otion ▁ch ores ▁to ▁Steven ▁Arch er ▁( K r ull , ▁Cl ash ▁of ▁the ▁Tit ans ). ▁ ▁Tow ard ▁the ▁end |
▁of ▁shooting ▁True ▁L ies , ▁Vari ety ▁carried ▁the ▁announ cement ▁that ▁Carol co ▁Pictures ▁had ▁received ▁a ▁completed ▁screen play ▁from ▁James ▁Camer on . ▁This ▁script ▁bore ▁the ▁names ▁of ▁James ▁Camer on , ▁John ▁Bran c ato , ▁Ted ▁News om , ▁Barry ▁[ s ic ] ▁C ohen ▁and ▁" Jose ph ▁Gold m ari ", ▁a ▁typ ographical ▁scr amb ling ▁of ▁Gol an ' s ▁pen ▁name ▁(" Jose ph ▁Gold man ") ▁with ▁Marvel ▁executive ▁Joseph ▁Cal am ari . ▁The ▁script ▁text ▁was ▁identical ▁to ▁the ▁one ▁Gol an ▁submitted ▁to ▁Columbia ▁the ▁previous ▁year , ▁with ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁date . ▁Camer on ▁stal wart ▁Arnold ▁Schwar zen eg ger ▁was ▁frequently ▁linked ▁to ▁the ▁project ▁as ▁the ▁director ' s ▁choice ▁for ▁Doctor ▁Oct opus . ▁ ▁James ▁Camer on ▁" script ment " ▁Month s ▁later , ▁James ▁Camer on ▁submitted ▁an ▁und ated ▁ 5 7 - page ▁" script ment " ▁with ▁an ▁alternate ▁story ▁( the ▁copy right ▁registration ▁was ▁dated ▁ 1 9 9 1 ), ▁part ▁screen play , ▁part ▁narr ative ▁story ▁outline . ▁The ▁" script ment " ▁told ▁the ▁Spider - Man ▁origin , ▁but ▁used ▁variations ▁on ▁the ▁com ic ▁book ▁characters ▁Elect ro ▁and ▁Sand man ▁as ▁villa ins . ▁This ▁" E lect ro " ▁( named ▁Carl ton ▁Str and , ▁instead ▁of ▁Max ▁D illon ) ▁was ▁a ▁meg al oman |
ia cal ▁par ody ▁of ▁cor rupt ▁capital ists . ▁Instead ▁of ▁Fl int ▁Mark o ' s ▁character , ▁Camer on ' s ▁" S and man " ▁( simp ly ▁named ▁Bo yd ) ▁is ▁mut ated ▁by ▁an ▁accident ▁involving ▁Philadelphia ▁Ex periment - style ▁bil ocation ▁and ▁atom - mix ing , ▁in ▁lieu ▁of ▁getting ▁caught ▁in ▁a ▁nuclear ▁bl ast ▁on ▁a ▁beach . ▁The ▁story ▁clim ax es ▁with ▁a ▁battle ▁at op ▁the ▁World ▁Trade ▁Center ▁and ▁had ▁Peter ▁Parker ▁reve aling ▁his ▁identity ▁to ▁Mary ▁Jane ▁Watson . ▁In ▁addition , ▁the ▁treatment ▁was ▁also ▁heavy ▁on ▁prof an ity , ▁and ▁had ▁Spider - Man ▁and ▁Mary ▁Jane ▁having ▁sex ▁on ▁the ▁Brook lyn ▁Bridge . ▁ ▁This ▁treatment ▁reflected ▁elements ▁in ▁previous ▁scripts : ▁from ▁the ▁Stevens ▁treatment , ▁organ ic ▁web - sh oot ers , ▁and ▁a ▁villa in ▁who ▁tem pts ▁Spider - Man ▁to ▁join ▁a ▁coming ▁" master ▁race " ▁of ▁mut ants ; ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁screen play ▁and ▁rewrite , ▁weird ▁elect rical ▁storm s ▁causing ▁black outs , ▁fre ak ▁magnetic ▁events ▁and ▁bi - location ; ▁from ▁the ▁Eth an ▁W iley ▁draft , ▁a ▁villa in ▁add icted ▁to ▁to xic ▁super - pow ers ▁and ▁multiple ▁experimental ▁sp iders , ▁one ▁of ▁which ▁esc apes ▁and ▁bit es ▁Peter , ▁causing ▁an ▁hall uc in atory ▁night m are ▁inv oking ▁Franz ▁K afka ' s ▁The ▁Met am orph osis |
; ▁from ▁the ▁Frank ▁La Log gia ▁script , ▁a ▁bl izz ard ▁of ▁st olen ▁c ash ▁flutter ing ▁down ▁onto ▁surprised ▁New ▁York ers ; ▁and ▁from ▁the ▁Neil ▁R ut ten berg ▁screen play , ▁a ▁criminal ▁assault ▁on ▁the ▁NY C ▁Stock ▁Exchange . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁Carol co ▁Pictures ▁extended ▁Gol an ' s ▁option ▁agreement ▁with ▁Marvel ▁through ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁but ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Carol co ▁ceased ▁active ▁production ▁on ▁Spider - Man ▁due ▁to ▁continued ▁financial ▁and ▁legal ▁problems . ▁ ▁Lit ig ation ▁When ▁James ▁Camer on ▁agreed ▁to ▁make ▁Spider - Man , ▁Carol co ▁law y ers ▁simply ▁used ▁his ▁previous ▁Term in ator ▁ 2 ▁contract ▁as ▁a ▁template . ▁A ▁clause ▁in ▁this ▁agreement ▁gave ▁Camer on ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁decide ▁on ▁movie ▁and ▁advert ising ▁cred its . ▁Show ▁business ▁trade ▁articles ▁and ▁advert is ements ▁made ▁no ▁mention ▁of ▁Gol an , ▁who ▁was ▁still ▁act ively ▁assemb ling ▁the ▁elements ▁for ▁the ▁film . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁Gol an ▁compla ined ▁public ly ▁and ▁finally ▁inst ig ated ▁legal ▁action ▁against ▁Carol co ▁for ▁dis av ow ing ▁his ▁contract ual ▁guarantee ▁credit ▁as ▁producer . ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁Camer on ▁had ▁the ▁contract ual ▁right ▁to ▁decide ▁on ▁cred its . ▁Event ually , ▁Carol co ▁su ed ▁Via com ▁and ▁Columbia ▁to ▁recover ▁broadcast ▁and ▁home |
▁video ▁rights , ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁stud ios ▁counter su ed . ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century ▁Fox , ▁though ▁not ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁lit ig ation , ▁cont ested ▁Camer on ' s ▁participation , ▁claim ing ▁exclus ivity ▁on ▁his ▁services ▁as ▁a ▁director ▁under ▁yet ▁another ▁contract . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁Carol co , ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century , ▁and ▁Marvel ▁went ▁bank rupt . ▁ ▁Via ▁a ▁quit c laim ▁from ▁Carol co ▁dated ▁March ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁M GM ▁acquired ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century ' s ▁film ▁library ▁and ▁assets , ▁and ▁received ▁"... all ▁rights ▁in ▁and ▁to ▁all ▁draft s ▁and ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁screen play ( s ) ▁for ▁Spider - Man ▁written ▁by ▁James ▁Camer on , ▁Ted ▁News om ▁& ▁John ▁Bran c ato , ▁Men ah em ▁Gol an , ▁Jon ▁[ s ic ] ▁Michael ▁Paul , ▁Eth an ▁W iley , ▁Les lie ▁Stevens , ▁Frank ▁L alog gia , ▁Neil ▁R ut ten berg , ▁Bar ney ▁C ohen , ▁She p ard ▁Gold man ▁and ▁any ▁and ▁all ▁other ▁writers ." ▁M GM ▁also ▁su ed ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century , ▁Via com , ▁and ▁Marvel ▁Comics , ▁alleg ing ▁fra ud ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁deal ▁between ▁C annon ▁and ▁Marvel . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁Marvel ▁emer ged ▁from ▁bank rupt cy ▁with ▁a ▁re organ ization ▁plan ▁that ▁merged |
▁the ▁company ▁with ▁Toy ▁B iz . ▁The ▁courts ▁determined ▁that ▁the ▁original ▁contract ▁of ▁Marvel ' s ▁rights ▁to ▁Gol an ▁had ▁exp ired , ▁returning ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁Marvel , ▁but ▁the ▁matter ▁was ▁still ▁not ▁completely ▁resolved . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁Marvel ▁lic ensed ▁Spider - Man ▁rights ▁to ▁Columbia , ▁a ▁subs idi ary ▁of ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁Entertainment . ▁M GM ▁disput ed ▁the ▁leg ality , ▁claim ing ▁it ▁had ▁the ▁Spider - Man ▁rights ▁via ▁C annon , ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century , ▁and ▁Carol co . ▁ ▁Columbia ▁Pictures ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁meant ime , ▁M GM / U A ▁chief ▁executive ▁John ▁Cal ley ▁moved ▁to ▁Columbia ▁Pictures . ▁Int imately ▁familiar ▁with ▁the ▁legal ▁history ▁of ▁producer ▁Kevin ▁Mc Cl ory ' s ▁claim ▁to ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁both ▁Th under ball ▁and ▁other ▁related ▁James ▁Bond ▁characters ▁and ▁elements , ▁Cal ley ▁announced ▁that ▁Columbia ▁would ▁produce ▁an ▁alternate ▁ 0 0 7 ▁series , ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁" Mc Cl ory ▁material ", ▁which ▁Cal ley ▁acquired ▁for ▁Columbia . ▁( Col umb ia ▁had ▁made ▁the ▁original ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁film ▁spo of ▁of ▁Cas ino ▁Roy ale , ▁a ▁non - E on ▁production ). ▁ ▁Both ▁stud ios ▁now ▁faced ▁rival ▁projects , ▁which ▁could ▁under cut ▁their ▁own ▁long - term ▁financial ▁stability ▁and ▁plans . ▁Columbia ▁had ▁no ▁consistent ▁movie ▁franch ise , ▁and ▁had ▁sought ▁Spider - Man ▁since |
▁ 1 9 8 9 ; ▁M GM / U A ' s ▁only ▁reliable ▁source ▁of ▁the atr ical ▁income ▁was ▁a ▁new ▁James ▁Bond ▁film ▁every ▁two ▁or ▁three ▁years . ▁An ▁alternate ▁ 0 0 7 ▁series ▁could ▁dimin ish ▁or ▁even ▁eliminate ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁M GM / U A ' s ▁long - running ▁Bond ▁series . ▁Like wise , ▁an ▁M GM / U A ▁Spider - Man ▁film ▁could ▁neg ate ▁Columbia ' s ▁plans ▁to ▁create ▁an ▁exclusive ▁c ash ▁cow . ▁Both ▁sides ▁seemed ▁to ▁have ▁strong ▁arguments ▁for ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁do ▁such ▁films . ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁stud ios ▁made ▁a ▁trade - off ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 9 ; ▁Columbia ▁rel in qu ished ▁its ▁rights ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁new ▁ 0 0 7 ▁series ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁M GM ' s ▁giving ▁up ▁its ▁claim ▁to ▁Spider - Man . ▁Columbia ▁acquired ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁all ▁previous ▁scripts ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁but ▁exerc ised ▁options ▁only ▁on ▁the ▁" C amer on ▁Material ", ▁i . e ., ▁both ▁the ▁completed ▁multi - author ▁screen play ▁and ▁the ▁subsequent ▁" script ment ." ▁Other ▁sources ▁report ▁that ▁Columbia ' s ▁owner ▁Sony ▁agreed ▁to ▁pay ▁$ 1 0 ▁million , ▁plus ▁ 5 % ▁of ▁any ▁mov ies ' ▁gross ▁re venue ▁and ▁half ▁the ▁re venue ▁from ▁consumer ▁products . ▁After ▁more ▁than ▁a ▁de cade ▁of ▁attempts , ▁Spider - Man ▁truly |
▁went ▁into ▁production ▁and ▁since ▁then ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁Spider - Man ▁films ▁were ▁distributed ▁by ▁Columbia ▁Pictures , ▁the ▁primary ▁film ▁production ▁holding ▁of ▁Sony . ▁The ▁first ▁three ▁were ▁directed ▁by ▁Sam ▁Ra imi , ▁and ▁the ▁reboot ▁and ▁its ▁sequ el ▁were ▁directed ▁by ▁Marc ▁Web b . ▁Laura ▁Z isk in ▁served ▁as ▁producer ▁until ▁her ▁death ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Sam ▁Ra imi ▁films ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁follows ▁Peter ▁Parker ▁( T ob ey ▁Mag u ire ), ▁an ▁or phan ed ▁high ▁school er ▁who ▁p ines ▁after ▁popular ▁girl - next - door ▁Mary ▁Jane ▁Watson ▁( K irst en ▁D unst ). ▁While ▁on ▁a ▁science ▁class ▁field ▁trip , ▁Peter ▁is ▁bit ten ▁by ▁a ▁gen et ically - engine ered ▁" super ▁sp ider ." ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁Peter ▁g ains ▁super human ▁ab ilities , ▁including ▁increased ▁strength , ▁speed , ▁and ▁the ▁ab ilities ▁to ▁scale ▁walls ▁and ▁generate ▁organ ic ▁we bb ing . ▁After ▁his ▁bel oved ▁Uncle ▁Ben ▁( Cl iff ▁Robert son ) ▁is ▁murder ed , ▁the ▁te en ager ▁real izes ▁that ▁he ▁must ▁use ▁his ▁new found ▁ab ilities ▁to ▁protect ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁Meanwhile , ▁wealth y ▁industrial ist ▁Norman ▁Os born ▁( W ille m ▁Da fo e ), ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁Peter ' s ▁best ▁friend ▁Harry ▁Os born ▁( James ▁Franco ), ▁subjects |
▁himself ▁to ▁an ▁experimental ▁performance - en han cing ▁ser um , ▁which ▁creates ▁a ▁psych otic ▁and ▁murder ous ▁split ▁person ality . ▁Don ning ▁a ▁military ▁batt les uit , ▁Norman ▁becomes ▁a ▁fre ak ish ▁" Green ▁G ob lin ", ▁who ▁begins ▁to ▁terror ize ▁the ▁city . ▁Peter , ▁as ▁Spider - Man , ▁now ▁must ▁do ▁battle ▁with ▁the ▁G ob lin , ▁all ▁while ▁trying ▁to ▁express ▁his ▁true ▁feelings ▁for ▁Mary ▁Jane . ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Two ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁film , ▁Peter ▁strugg les ▁to ▁balance ▁his ▁super h ero ▁and ▁private ▁lives ▁and ▁still ▁p ines ▁after ▁Mary ▁Jane ▁Watson , ▁who ▁is ▁now ▁engaged . ▁Harry ▁Os born ▁continues ▁to ▁believe ▁Spider - Man ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁his ▁father ▁Norman ▁Os born ' s ▁death . ▁Spider - Man ▁cont ends ▁with ▁scient ist ▁Otto ▁Oct av ius ▁( Al fred ▁Mol ina ), ▁a . k . a . ▁Dr . ▁Oct opus , ▁who ▁has ▁four ▁mechanical ▁tent acles ▁f used ▁to ▁his ▁sp ine ▁and ▁sets ▁out ▁to ▁re create ▁a ▁fusion - based ▁experiment ▁that ▁could ▁destroy ▁much ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 ▁pick s ▁up ▁one ▁year ▁after ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁film . ▁Peter ▁is ▁still ▁seeing ▁Mary ▁Jane ▁Watson , ▁while ▁Harry |
▁Os born ▁succeed s ▁his ▁father ▁as ▁the ▁new ▁Green ▁G ob lin . ▁Edd ie ▁Bro ck ▁( Top her ▁Grace ), ▁who , ▁like ▁Peter , ▁is ▁a ▁photograph er ▁for ▁the ▁Daily ▁Bug le , ▁sets ▁out ▁to ▁def ame ▁Spider - Man ▁and ▁inc rim inate ▁him . ▁Fl int ▁Mark o ▁( Th omas ▁H aden ▁Church ), ▁an ▁escaped ▁conv ict , ▁falls ▁into ▁a ▁particle ▁acceler ator ▁and ▁becomes ▁a ▁shape - sh ifting ▁sand ▁mon ster ▁later ▁known ▁as ▁Sand man . ▁Peter ▁later ▁lear ns ▁that ▁Mark o ▁is ▁the ▁one ▁that ▁killed ▁Uncle ▁Ben , ▁causing ▁Peter ' s ▁own ▁dark ▁intent ions ▁to ▁grow . ▁This ▁vend etta ▁is ▁en hanced ▁by ▁the ▁appearance ▁of ▁the ▁myster ious ▁black ▁al ien ▁sym bi otic ▁subst ance ▁that ▁b onds ▁to ▁Peter , ▁resulting ▁in ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁black ▁cost ume . ▁Once ▁Peter ▁separ ates ▁himself ▁from ▁the ▁al ien , ▁it ▁finds ▁a ▁new ▁host ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁Bro ck , ▁resulting ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁Ven om . ▁ ▁Marc ▁Web b ▁films ▁ ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Sony ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁franch ise ▁would ▁be ▁reboot ed ▁with ▁a ▁new ▁director ▁and ▁new ▁cast . ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁July ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁in ▁ 3 D ▁and ▁I MAX ▁ 3 D , ▁and ▁focused ▁on |
▁Peter ▁Parker ▁( And rew ▁Gar field ) ▁developing ▁his ▁ab ilities ▁in ▁high ▁school ▁and ▁his ▁relationship ▁with ▁G wen ▁St acy ▁( Em ma ▁Stone ). ▁He ▁f ights ▁the ▁L izard , ▁the ▁mon str ous ▁form ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Curt ▁Con n ors ▁( R h ys ▁If ans ), ▁his ▁father ' s ▁former ▁partner ▁and ▁a ▁scient ist ▁at ▁Os Cor p . ▁ ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁▁ ▁The ▁film ▁takes ▁place ▁two ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁first ▁film ' s ▁events . ▁Peter ▁Parker ▁gradu ates ▁from ▁high ▁school , ▁continues ▁his ▁crime - f ight ing ▁duties ▁as ▁Spider - Man , ▁while ▁comb ating ▁the ▁electric ity - man ip ulating ▁Elect ro ▁( J am ie ▁Fox x ), ▁re kind ling ▁his ▁relationship ▁with ▁G wen ▁St acy , ▁and ▁encounter ing ▁his ▁old ▁friend ▁Harry ▁Os born ▁( D ane ▁De Ha an ), ▁who ▁is ▁slowly ▁dying ▁from ▁a ▁gen etic ▁disease . ▁ ▁Lic ens ing ▁agreement ▁with ▁Marvel ▁Studios ▁ ▁Sony ' s ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁license , ▁covering ▁all ▁Spider - Man ▁films ▁( including ▁ 9 0 0 ▁characters ▁related ▁to ▁Spider - Man ), ▁is ▁perpet ual ▁provided ▁that ▁Sony ▁releases ▁a ▁new ▁Spider - Man ▁film ▁at ▁least ▁once ▁every ▁ 5 . 7 5 ▁years . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁following ▁the ▁hack ing ▁of ▁Sony |
▁Pictures ' ▁computers , ▁Sony ▁and ▁Marvel ▁Studios ▁were ▁revealed ▁to ▁have ▁had ▁discuss ions ▁about ▁allowing ▁Spider - Man ▁to ▁appear ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Marvel ▁Cin ematic ▁Un iverse ▁film ▁Captain ▁America : ▁Civil ▁War ▁while ▁having ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁film ▁rights ▁remaining ▁with ▁Sony . ▁However , ▁tal ks ▁between ▁the ▁stud ios ▁then ▁broke ▁down . ▁Instead , ▁Sony ▁had ▁considered ▁having ▁Sam ▁Ra imi ▁return ▁to ▁direct ▁a ▁new ▁tr il ogy . ▁ ▁However , ▁on ▁February ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁and ▁Marvel ▁Studios ▁announced ▁that ▁Spider - Man ▁would ▁appear ▁in ▁the ▁Marvel ▁Cin ematic ▁Un iverse ▁( MC U ), ▁with ▁the ▁character ▁appearing ▁in ▁an ▁MC U ▁film ▁and ▁Sony ▁re le asing ▁a ▁Spider - Man ▁film ▁co - produ ced ▁by ▁Marvel ▁Studios ▁president ▁Kevin ▁Fe ige ▁and ▁Amy ▁Pascal . ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁would ▁continue ▁to ▁own , ▁fin ance , ▁dist ribute , ▁and ▁exercise ▁final ▁cre ative ▁control ▁over ▁the ▁Spider - Man ▁films . ▁Fe ige ▁stated ▁that ▁Marvel ▁had ▁been ▁working ▁to ▁add ▁Spider - Man ▁to ▁the ▁MC U ▁since ▁at ▁least ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁The ▁next ▁month , ▁Marvel ▁Entertainment ▁C CO ▁Joe ▁Qu es ada ▁indicated ▁that ▁the ▁Peter ▁Parker ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁character ▁would ▁be ▁used , ▁which ▁Fe ige ▁confirmed ▁in ▁April . ▁The ▁following ▁June , ▁Fe ige ▁clar ified ▁that ▁the ▁initial ▁Sony ▁deal ▁did ▁not ▁allow |
▁the ▁character ▁to ▁appear ▁in ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁MC U ▁television ▁series , ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁" very ▁specific ... ▁with ▁a ▁certain ▁amount ▁of ▁back ▁and ▁forth ▁allowed ." ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Tom ▁Holland ▁revealed ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁signed ▁for ▁" three ▁Spider - Man ▁mov ies ▁and ▁three ▁solo ▁mov ies ". ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Holland , ▁Fe ige ▁and ▁director ▁Jon ▁W att s ▁confirmed ▁that ▁a ▁child ▁( port rayed ▁by ▁Max ▁F av re au ) ▁we aring ▁an ▁Iron ▁Man ▁mask ▁whom ▁St ark ▁saves ▁from ▁a ▁dr one ▁in ▁Iron ▁Man ▁ 2 , ▁was ▁a ▁young ▁Peter ▁Parker , ▁retro act ively ▁making ▁it ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁the ▁character ▁to ▁the ▁MC U . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁it ▁was ▁reported ▁that ▁Disney ▁and ▁Sony ▁could ▁not ▁reach ▁a ▁new ▁agreement ▁regarding ▁Spider - Man ▁films , ▁with ▁Marvel ▁Studios ▁and ▁Fe ige ▁said ▁to ▁no ▁longer ▁have ▁any ▁invol vement ▁in ▁any ▁future ▁films . ▁Dead line ▁Hollywood ▁noted ▁that ▁Disney ▁had ▁hoped ▁future ▁films ▁would ▁be ▁a ▁" 5 0 / 5 0 ▁co - fin ancing ▁arrangement ▁between ▁the ▁stud ios ", ▁with ▁the ▁possibility ▁to ▁extend ▁the ▁deal ▁to ▁other ▁Spider - Man - related ▁films , ▁an ▁offer ▁Sony ▁rejected ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁counter . ▁Instead , ▁Sony ▁hoped ▁to ▁keep ▁the ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁previous ▁agreement , ▁where ▁Marvel ▁would ▁receive ▁ 5 |
% ▁of ▁the ▁film ' s ▁initial ▁the atr ical ▁gross , ▁with ▁Disney ▁ref using . ▁The ▁Hollywood ▁Re porter ▁added ▁that ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁agreement ▁would ▁see ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁Holland ' s ▁Spider - Man ▁in ▁the ▁MC U . ▁Vari ety ▁c ited ▁un named ▁sources ▁claim ing ▁negoti ations ▁had ▁" hit ▁an ▁imp asse " ▁and ▁that ▁a ▁new ▁deal ▁could ▁still ▁be ▁reached . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Fe ige ▁reported ly ▁commented ▁at ▁Disney ' s ▁D 2 3 ▁Ex po : ▁" We ▁got ▁to ▁make ▁five ▁films ▁within ▁the ▁MC U ▁with ▁Spider - Man : ▁two ▁stand alone ▁films ▁and ▁three ▁with ▁the ▁Aven gers . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁dream ▁that ▁I ▁never ▁thought ▁would ▁happen . ▁It ▁was ▁never ▁meant ▁to ▁last ▁forever . ▁We ▁knew ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁finite ▁amount ▁of ▁time ▁that ▁we ’ d ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁do ▁this , ▁and ▁we ▁told ▁the ▁story ▁we ▁wanted ▁to ▁tell , ▁and ▁I ’ ll ▁always ▁be ▁thank ful ▁for ▁that ." ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Disney ▁and ▁Sony ▁announced ▁that ▁a ▁new ▁deal ▁had ▁been ▁reached , ▁which ▁includes ▁a ▁third ▁Spider - Man ▁film ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁one ▁other ▁film , ▁both ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁MC U . ▁At ▁this ▁time , ▁W att s ▁entered ▁final ▁negoti ations ▁to ▁return ▁as ▁director . ▁ ▁Captain ▁America : ▁Civil ▁War ▁( |
2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Re ports ▁indicated ▁that ▁the ▁first ▁MC U ▁film ▁that ▁Spider - Man ▁would ▁appear ▁in ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁deal , ▁would ▁be ▁Captain ▁America : ▁Civil ▁War . ▁Joe ▁and ▁Anthony ▁Rus so , ▁the ▁direct ors ▁of ▁Captain ▁America : ▁Civil ▁War , ▁had ▁lo bb ied ▁for ▁months ▁to ▁include ▁the ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁film . ▁Anthony ▁Rus so ▁stated ▁that , ▁despite ▁Marvel ▁telling ▁them ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁" plan ▁B " ▁should ▁the ▁deal ▁with ▁Sony ▁fail , ▁the ▁Russ os ▁never ▁created ▁one ▁because ▁" it ▁was ▁very ▁important ▁to ▁us ▁to ▁re int rodu ce " ▁Spider - Man ▁in ▁the ▁film , ▁adding , ▁" We ▁only ▁have ▁en vision ed ▁the ▁movie ▁with ▁Spider - Man ." ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁As a ▁But ter field , ▁Tom ▁Holland , ▁Jud ah ▁Lewis , ▁Matthew ▁L int z , ▁Charlie ▁Pl um mer ▁and ▁Charlie ▁R owe ▁screen ▁tested ▁for ▁the ▁lead ▁role , ▁against ▁Robert ▁Dow ney ▁Jr ., ▁who ▁port ray s ▁Iron ▁Man , ▁for ▁chem istry . ▁The ▁six ▁were ▁chosen ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁search ▁of ▁over ▁ 1 , 5 0 0 ▁actors ▁to ▁test ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁Fe ige , ▁Pascal ▁and ▁the ▁Rus so ▁brothers . ▁In ▁June , ▁Fe ige ▁and ▁Pascal ▁narrow ed ▁the ▁actors ▁considered ▁to ▁Holland ▁and ▁R owe . ▁Both ▁screen ▁tested ▁again ▁with ▁Dow ney , ▁with |
▁Holland ▁also ▁testing ▁with ▁Chris ▁Evans , ▁who ▁port ray s ▁Captain ▁America , ▁and ▁emer ged ▁as ▁the ▁favorite . ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁and ▁Marvel ▁Studios ▁joint ly ▁announced ▁that ▁Holland ▁would ▁play ▁Spider - Man . ▁The ▁following ▁month , ▁Mar isa ▁T ome i ▁was ▁in ▁tal ks ▁for ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁May ▁Parker , ▁later ▁appearing ▁in ▁Civil ▁War . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁film , ▁Parker , ▁who ▁has ▁spent ▁the ▁last ▁six ▁months ▁as ▁a ▁local ▁cost umed ▁crime fig h ter ▁named ▁Spider - Man , ▁is ▁rec ru ited ▁by ▁Tony ▁St ark ▁/ ▁Iron ▁Man ▁to ▁join ▁his ▁team ▁of ▁Aven gers ▁to ▁stop ▁Steve ▁Rog ers ▁/ ▁Captain ▁America ▁and ▁his ▁ro gue ▁fa ction ▁of ▁Aven gers , ▁who ▁opp ose ▁the ▁S ok ov ia ▁Acc ords , ▁from ▁fle eing ▁with ▁fug itive ▁B ucky ▁Bar nes . ▁During ▁the ▁fight ▁with ▁Rog ers ▁and ▁his ▁team , ▁Parker , ▁util izing ▁a ▁St ark - up grad ed ▁version ▁of ▁his ▁initial ▁makes h ift ▁suit , ▁proves ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁form id able ▁oppon ent , ▁and ▁implements ▁a ▁t actic ▁with ▁which ▁he ▁and ▁V ision ▁disable ▁Scott ▁Lang ▁/ ▁Ant - Man ▁in ▁his ▁giant - s ized ▁form . ▁Upon ▁returning ▁home , ▁Parker ▁disco vers ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁St ark T ech ▁features ▁of ▁the ▁suit ▁he ▁was ▁given ▁by ▁St ark . ▁ |
▁Spider - Man : ▁Home coming ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Spider - Man : ▁Home coming ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁July ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁The ▁film ▁is ▁directed ▁by ▁Jon ▁W att s , ▁from ▁a ▁screen play ▁by ▁Jonathan ▁M . ▁Gold stein ▁& ▁John ▁Francis ▁D ale y ▁and ▁W att s ▁& ▁Christopher ▁Ford ▁and ▁Chris ▁McK en na ▁& ▁Erik ▁S omm ers . ▁Holland , ▁T ome i , ▁and ▁Dow ney ▁repr ise ▁their ▁roles ▁as ▁Peter ▁Parker ▁/ ▁Spider - Man , ▁May ▁Parker , ▁and ▁Tony ▁St ark ▁/ ▁Iron ▁Man , ▁respectively , ▁and ▁are ▁joined ▁by ▁Michael ▁Ke aton , ▁who ▁plays ▁Ad rian ▁To om es ▁/ ▁V ulture . ▁Jon ▁F av re au , ▁who ▁appeared ▁as ▁Happy ▁Hog an ▁in ▁the ▁Iron ▁Man ▁films , ▁also ▁appears ▁in ▁the ▁film . ▁Production ▁began ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁in ▁Atlanta , ▁Georgia ▁and ▁ended ▁in ▁October . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁sees ▁Parker ▁two ▁months ▁after ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁Civil ▁War ▁as ▁he ▁anx iously ▁a wa its ▁his ▁next ▁assignment ▁from ▁St ark ▁while ▁simultaneously ▁bal ancing ▁his ▁life ▁at ▁Mid town ▁High ▁with ▁his ▁vig il ante ▁life ▁as ▁Spider - Man . ▁His ▁investigation ▁of ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁highly ▁weapon ized ▁rob ber ies ▁leads ▁him ▁to ▁a ▁myster ious ▁weapons ▁tra ff icker ▁named ▁Ad rian ▁To om es , ▁who ▁turns ▁out ▁to ▁be ▁the |
▁father ▁of ▁his ▁high ▁school ▁cr ush , ▁L iz ▁All an . ▁ ▁Aven gers : ▁In fin ity ▁War ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Holland ▁said ▁the ▁possibility ▁of ▁him ▁appearing ▁in ▁Aven gers : ▁In fin ity ▁War ▁was ▁" all ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁air ", ▁but ▁that ▁" some ▁sort ▁of ▁deal ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁mix " ▁with ▁Sony ▁for ▁him ▁to ▁appear . ▁Holland ▁was ▁eventually ▁confirmed ▁to ▁appear ▁in ▁In fin ity ▁War ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ensemble ▁cast ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Parker ▁joins ▁Iron ▁Man , ▁Doctor ▁Str ange , ▁and ▁the ▁Guard ians ▁of ▁the ▁Gal axy ▁in ▁batt ling ▁Th anos ▁in ▁the ▁ru ins ▁of ▁his ▁home ▁planet , ▁T itan . ▁However , ▁Parker ▁is ▁among ▁the ▁many ▁hero es ▁who ▁per ish ▁after ▁Th anos ▁sn aps ▁his ▁fingers ▁with ▁a ▁completed ▁In fin ity ▁Ga unt let , ▁which ▁w ipes ▁out ▁half ▁of ▁all ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁universe . ▁ ▁Aven gers : ▁End game ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁▁ ▁Holland ▁was ▁confirmed ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁Aven gers : ▁End game ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁After ▁dying ▁in ▁Aven gers : ▁In fin ity ▁War , ▁Parker ▁is ▁res ur rect ed ▁by ▁Bruce ▁B anner ▁and ▁joins ▁the ▁Aven gers ▁and ▁their ▁al lies ▁in ▁a ▁cl ash ▁against ▁Th anos ▁and ▁his |
▁army ▁in ▁up state ▁New ▁York . ▁At ▁the ▁battle ' s ▁conclusion , ▁Parker ▁m our ns ▁Tony ▁St ark ' s ▁death ▁with ▁Pe pper ▁Pot ts , ▁War ▁Machine , ▁Captain ▁America , ▁and ▁Thor ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁high ▁school ▁to ▁reun ite ▁with ▁his ▁best ▁friend ▁Ned , ▁and ▁att ends ▁St ark ' s ▁fun eral ▁with ▁A unt ▁May . ▁ ▁Spider - Man : ▁Far ▁From ▁Home ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁announced ▁a ▁sequ el ▁for ▁Spider - Man : ▁Home coming , ▁for ▁release ▁on ▁July ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Fe ige ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁film ▁would ▁be ▁titled ▁in ▁a ▁similar ▁fashion ▁to ▁Home coming , ▁using ▁a ▁sub title , ▁and ▁would ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁number ▁in ▁the ▁title . ▁A ▁year ▁later , ▁Holland ▁revealed ▁the ▁film ' s ▁title ▁as ▁Spider - Man : ▁Far ▁From ▁Home . ▁Holland , ▁T ome i , ▁and ▁F av re au ▁repr ise ▁their ▁roles ▁from ▁Home coming ▁and ▁are ▁joined ▁by ▁J ake ▁Gy ll en ha al ▁as ▁Qu entin ▁Beck ▁/ ▁Myst er io . ▁As ▁in ▁Home coming , ▁other ▁characters ▁from ▁MC U ▁install ments ▁repr ise ▁their ▁roles , ▁with ▁Samuel ▁L . ▁Jackson ▁and ▁Cob ie ▁Sm ul ders ▁appearing ▁as ▁Nick ▁F ury ▁and ▁Maria ▁Hill , ▁respectively . |
▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁moved ▁the ▁release ▁date ▁to ▁July ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁film , ▁set ▁after ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁Aven gers : ▁End game , ▁features ▁Parker ▁and ▁his ▁friends ▁going ▁to ▁Europe ▁on ▁summer ▁vac ation , ▁where ▁Parker ▁is ▁drawn ▁back ▁to ▁super h ero ics ▁when ▁he ▁is ▁forced ▁to ▁team ▁up ▁with ▁Nick ▁F ury ▁and ▁Myst er io ▁in ▁batt ling ▁the ▁Element als . ▁ ▁U nt itled ▁Far ▁From ▁Home ▁sequ el ▁( 2 0 2 1 ) ▁ ▁Marvel ▁and ▁Sony ▁signed ▁a ▁new ▁agreement ▁to ▁co - release ▁an ▁up coming ▁un t itled ▁Spider - Man ▁film , ▁st arring ▁Holland ▁and ▁Z end aya , ▁set ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁on ▁November ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 2 1 . ▁ ▁Anim ated ▁Spider - Ver se ▁ ▁Spider - Man : ▁In to ▁the ▁Spider - Ver se ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Sony ▁announced ▁that ▁Phil ▁Lord ▁and ▁Christopher ▁Miller ▁were ▁writing ▁and ▁producing ▁a ▁Spider - Man ▁animated ▁comedy ▁in ▁development ▁at ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁An imation . ▁As ▁revealed ▁by ▁the ▁e - mail ▁leak ▁one ▁year ▁before , ▁the ▁du o ▁had ▁been ▁previously ▁court ed ▁by ▁Sony ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁studio ' s ▁animation ▁division . ▁Origin ally ▁scheduled ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 |
1 8 , ▁Sony ▁announced ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁the ▁film ▁would ▁be ▁released ▁a ▁week ▁earlier ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁An imation ▁president ▁Krist ine ▁Bel son ▁un ve iled ▁the ▁film ' s ▁logo , ▁with ▁the ▁working ▁title ▁Anim ated ▁Spider - Man , ▁at ▁Cinema Con ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁and ▁declared ▁that ▁" con cept ually ▁and ▁vis ually , ▁[ the ▁film ] ▁will ▁break ▁new ▁ground ▁for ▁the ▁super h ero ▁genre ." ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁The ▁Hollywood ▁Re porter ▁reported ▁that ▁Bob ▁Pers ich etti ▁would ▁direct ▁the ▁animated ▁film . ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Sony ▁announced ▁that ▁Mil es ▁Mor ales ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁Spider - Man ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁and ▁Peter ▁Ram sey ▁would ▁serve ▁as ▁co - direct or . ▁ ▁Spider - H am : ▁C aught ▁in ▁a ▁Ham ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁In to ▁the ▁Spider - Ver se ▁produ cers ▁Phil ▁Lord ▁and ▁Christopher ▁Miller ▁expressed ▁interest ▁in ▁developing ▁animated ▁short s ▁st arring ▁Spider - H am . ▁On ▁February ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁it ▁was ▁revealed ▁that ▁the ▁short ▁film ▁Spider - H am : ▁C aught ▁in ▁a ▁Ham ▁would ▁be ▁released ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁along |
▁with ▁the ▁digital ▁release ▁of ▁In to ▁the ▁Spider - Ver se . ▁ ▁U nt itled ▁In to ▁the ▁Spider - Ver se ▁sequ el ▁( 2 0 2 2 ) ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁it ▁was ▁revealed ▁that ▁In to ▁the ▁Spider - Ver se ▁had ▁entered ▁into ▁sequ el ▁development . ▁The ▁sequ el , ▁which ▁will ▁continue ▁Mor ales ' ▁story ▁and ▁feature ▁a ▁rom ance ▁with ▁G wen ▁St acy ▁/ ▁Spider - G wen , ▁is ▁set ▁to ▁be ▁directed ▁by ▁Jo aqu im ▁D os ▁Santos ▁and ▁written ▁by ▁David ▁Cal la ham . ▁It ▁is ▁scheduled ▁for ▁release ▁on ▁October ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 2 2 . ▁ ▁Pot ential ▁projects ▁Al ong ▁with ▁the ▁announ cement ▁of ▁a ▁sequ el , ▁a ▁spin - off ▁focused ▁on ▁female ▁Spider - char acters ▁was ▁revealed ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁development , ▁with ▁La uren ▁Mont gom ery ▁in ▁tal ks ▁to ▁direct ▁the ▁film , ▁while ▁Bek ▁Smith ▁is ▁set ▁to ▁write . ▁The ▁spin - off ▁will ▁star ▁Spider - G wen , ▁and ▁is ▁set ▁to ▁feature ▁the ▁characters ▁C ind y ▁Moon ▁/ ▁Sil k ▁and ▁Jess ica ▁D rew ▁/ ▁Spider - W oman . ▁Produ cer ▁Amy ▁Pascal ▁felt ▁that ▁" it ’ s ▁great ▁that ▁we ' re ▁going ▁to ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁tell ▁mov ies ▁about ▁female ▁super h ero es ▁in ▁this ▁real m " ▁as ▁she ▁bel ieves ▁" there ▁are |
▁going ▁to ▁be ▁characters ▁that ▁really ▁reson ate ▁for ▁people ". ▁On ▁how ▁the ▁spin - off ▁film ▁will ▁be ▁connected ▁to ▁the ▁sequ el ▁to ▁In to ▁the ▁Spider - Ver se , ▁Pascal ▁said ▁that ▁it ▁will ▁act ▁as ▁a ▁" launch ing ▁pad " ▁for ▁the ▁spin - off . ▁Ha ile e ▁Ste inf eld ▁expressed ▁interest ▁in ▁repr ising ▁her ▁role ▁as ▁Spider - G wen ▁in ▁the ▁film . ▁ ▁John ▁Mul an ey ▁expressed ▁interest ▁in ▁a ▁spin - off ▁film ▁st arring ▁Spider - H am , ▁with ▁the ▁potential ▁plot ▁being ▁a ▁" W ater gate - like ▁story " ▁which ▁could ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁character ' s ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁rep orter . ▁ ▁Other ▁films ▁ ▁Marvel ▁Super ▁Hero es ▁ 4 D ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁an ▁animated ▁ 4 D ▁film , ▁titled ▁Marvel ▁Super ▁Hero es ▁ 4 D ▁was ▁launched ▁at ▁Madame ▁T uss aud s ▁London , ▁featuring ▁Spider - Man ▁and ▁Iron ▁Man ▁leading ▁the ▁Aven gers ▁against ▁Doctor ▁Do om . ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁an ▁updated ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁film ▁with ▁a ▁different ▁plot , ▁featuring ▁Spider - Man ▁in ▁a ▁dimin ished ▁capacity , ▁was ▁opened ▁at ▁Madame ▁T uss aud s ▁New ▁York . ▁The ▁film ▁features ▁Tom ▁Ken ny ▁as ▁the ▁voice ▁of ▁Peter ▁Parker ▁/ ▁Spider - |
Man . ▁ ▁Ph ine as ▁and ▁Fer b : ▁Mission ▁Marvel ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁At ▁Com ic - Con ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Dan ▁Buck ley , ▁president ▁of ▁Marvel ▁World wide , ▁Inc ▁announced ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁a ▁c ros so ver ▁television ▁film ▁of ▁the ▁animated ▁series ▁Ph ine as ▁and ▁Fer b , ▁that ▁would ▁feature ▁characters ▁from ▁Marvel ▁Entertainment . ▁The ▁film ▁a ired ▁between ▁August ▁ 1 6 – 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁on ▁Disney ▁Channel ▁and ▁Disney ▁X D , ▁featuring ▁Dra ke ▁Bell ▁repr ising ▁his ▁role ▁from ▁Ult imate ▁Spider - Man ▁and ▁Aven gers ▁Ass emble ▁as ▁Peter ▁Parker ▁/ ▁Spider - Man , ▁alongside ▁D anny ▁Tre jo ▁as ▁the ▁Ven om ▁Sym bi ote . ▁ ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁Un iverse ▁of ▁Marvel ▁Char acters ▁ ▁Work ▁on ▁an ▁expanded ▁universe ▁using ▁supporting ▁characters ▁from ▁the ▁Spider - Man ▁films ▁began ▁by ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁After ▁the ▁relative ▁critical ▁and ▁financial ▁failure ▁of ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 , ▁these ▁plans ▁were ▁abandoned ▁and ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Sony ▁announced ▁a ▁deal ▁to ▁collabor ate ▁with ▁Marvel ▁Studios ▁on ▁future ▁Spider - Man ▁films ▁and ▁integrate ▁the ▁character ▁into ▁the ▁Marvel ▁Cin ematic ▁Un iverse ▁( MC U ). ▁This ▁relationship ▁produced ▁Spider - Man : ▁Home coming ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁and ▁Spider - Man : ▁Far ▁From |
▁Home ▁( 2 0 1 9 ), ▁while ▁Sony ▁separately ▁re develop ed ▁Ven om ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁as ▁a ▁stand alone ▁film ▁beginning ▁its ▁own ▁universe . ▁ ▁Rec urr ing ▁cast ▁and ▁characters ▁ ▁Stan ▁Lee , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁co - cre ators ▁of ▁Spider - Man , ▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁varied ▁came os ▁in ▁all ▁films ▁since ▁the ▁Ra imi - tr il ogy . ▁Bruce ▁Campbell , ▁a ▁long - time ▁colle ague ▁of ▁Sam ▁Ra imi , ▁appeared ▁in ▁all ▁three ▁of ▁his ▁films . ▁In ▁Spider - Man , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁announ cer ▁at ▁the ▁wrest ling ▁ring ▁Peter ▁was ▁in ▁and ▁gave ▁him ▁the ▁name ▁" Sp ider - Man ", ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁" H uman ▁Spider " ▁( the ▁name ▁with ▁which ▁Peter ▁wanted ▁to ▁be ▁introduced ). ▁In ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 , ▁he ▁was ▁an ▁us her ▁who ▁ref uses ▁to ▁let ▁Peter ▁enter ▁the ▁theatre ▁for ▁Mary ▁Jane ' s ▁play ▁when ▁arriv ing ▁late . ▁In ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 , ▁Campbell ▁appears ▁as ▁a ▁French ▁ma ître ▁d '. ▁In ▁the ▁ultimately ▁un made ▁Spider - Man ▁ 4 , ▁Campbell ' s ▁character ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁revealed ▁as ▁Qu entin ▁Beck ▁/ ▁Myst er io . ▁ ▁Add itional ▁crew ▁ ▁Home ▁media ▁The ▁Sam ▁Ra imi ▁tr il ogy ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁DVD , ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁being ▁released ▁exclus ively ▁as ▁two - dis c ▁sets ▁and ▁on ▁V |
HS , ▁with ▁the ▁third ▁film ▁being ▁released ▁in ▁both ▁single ▁and ▁two - dis c ▁ed itions . ▁All ▁three ▁films ▁were ▁later ▁pack aged ▁in ▁a ▁" M otion ▁Picture ▁DVD ▁Tr il ogy " ▁box ▁set . ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 ▁was ▁initially ▁the ▁only ▁Spider - Man ▁film ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁individually ▁on ▁the ▁high - definition ▁Bl u - ray ▁format . ▁The ▁first ▁two ▁films ▁were ▁made ▁available ▁on ▁Bl u - ray , ▁but ▁only ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁box ed ▁set ▁with ▁the ▁third ▁film , ▁called ▁Spider - Man : ▁The ▁High - Definition ▁Tr il ogy . ▁The ▁first ▁two ▁films ▁lack ed ▁the ▁bonus ▁features ▁from ▁the ▁DVD s , ▁although ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 ▁did ▁contain ▁both ▁cut s ▁of ▁the ▁film . ▁ ▁Sony ▁announced ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁that ▁the ▁three ▁films ▁would ▁be ▁re - re leased ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁The ▁DVD s ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁films ▁re inst ated ▁a ▁selection ▁of ▁the ▁bonus ▁features ▁missing ▁from ▁the ▁earlier ▁Bl u - ray ▁releases , ▁although ▁the ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 ▁re issue ▁did ▁not ▁include ▁the ▁bonus ▁disc ▁of ▁additional ▁special ▁features ▁that ▁appeared ▁on ▁earlier ▁Bl u - ray ▁releases . ▁ ▁All ▁three ▁films ▁which ▁compr ise ▁the ▁Ra imi - tr il ogy ▁are ▁available ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁on ▁i |
T unes . ▁ ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁Spider - Man ▁movie ▁released ▁on ▁Ult ra ▁HD ▁Bl u - ray ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁October ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁saw ▁Sony ▁release ▁the ▁home ▁video ▁release ▁of ▁Home coming ▁on ▁U HD ▁and ▁other ▁home ▁video ▁formats ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁sets ▁featuring ▁all ▁of ▁their ▁other ▁Spider - Man ▁mov ies ▁on ▁U HD . ▁This ▁included ▁Spider - Man : ▁Limited ▁Edition ▁Collection , ▁which ▁includes ▁all ▁three ▁Ra imi ▁films , ▁and ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man : ▁Limited ▁Edition ▁Collection , ▁which ▁includes ▁both ▁Web b ▁films . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Box ▁office ▁ ▁All ▁three ▁films ▁of ▁the ▁Ra imi - tr il ogy ▁set ▁opening ▁day ▁records ▁in ▁North ▁America . ▁The ▁Spider - Man ▁films ▁are ▁among ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁North ▁American ▁rank ings ▁of ▁films ▁based ▁on ▁Marvel ▁Comics , ▁with ▁Spider - Man ▁ranking ▁ 9 th , ▁Spider - Man : ▁Far ▁From ▁Home ▁ranking ▁ 1 0 th , ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 ▁ranking ▁ 1 2 th , ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 ▁ranking ▁ 1 4 th , ▁and ▁Spider - Man : ▁Home coming ▁ranking ▁ 1 5 th . ▁In ▁North ▁America , ▁Spider - Man , ▁Spider - Man : ▁Far ▁From ▁Home , ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 , ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 |
▁and ▁Spider - Man : ▁Home coming ▁are ▁ranked ▁ 1 3 th , ▁ 1 4 th , ▁ 1 6 th , ▁ 1 8 th , ▁and ▁ 2 1 st ▁for ▁all ▁super h ero ▁films . ▁World wide , ▁Spider - Man : ▁Far ▁From ▁Home , ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 ▁and ▁Spider - Man : ▁Home coming ▁are ▁ranked ▁ 1 0 th , ▁ 1 5 th , ▁and ▁ 1 6 th ▁for ▁all ▁super h ero ▁films . ▁The ▁Ra imi - tr il ogy ▁and ▁the ▁MC U ▁films ▁( Home coming ▁and ▁Far ▁From ▁Home ) ▁are ▁five ▁of ▁the ▁six ▁most ▁successful ▁films ▁produced ▁by ▁Sony / Col umb ia ▁Pictures ▁in ▁North ▁America , ▁with ▁Far ▁From ▁Home ▁becoming ▁Sony ' s ▁highest - g ross ing ▁film ▁world wide . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁and ▁public ▁response ▁ ▁David ▁An sen ▁of ▁News week ▁enjoyed ▁Spider - Man ▁as ▁a ▁fun ▁film ▁to ▁watch , ▁though ▁he ▁considered ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 ▁to ▁be ▁" a ▁little ▁too ▁self - important ▁for ▁its ▁own ▁good ." ▁An sen ▁saw ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 ▁as ▁a ▁return ▁to ▁form , ▁finding ▁it ▁" the ▁most ▁grand io se ▁chapter ▁and ▁the ▁nut ti est ." ▁Tom ▁Char ity ▁of ▁CNN ▁appreciated ▁the ▁films ' ▁" sol id ly ▁re dem pt ive ▁moral ▁conv ict ions ", ▁also ▁not ing ▁the ▁vast ▁improvement ▁of ▁the ▁visual ▁effects ▁from |
▁the ▁first ▁film ▁to ▁the ▁third . ▁While ▁he ▁saw ▁the ▁second ▁film ' s ▁Doc ▁O ck ▁as ▁the ▁" most ▁eng aging " ▁villa in , ▁he ▁app la ud ed ▁the ▁third ▁film ' s ▁Sand man ▁as ▁" a ▁triumph ▁of ▁CG I ▁w izard ry ." ▁Richard ▁Cor l iss ▁of ▁Time ▁enjoyed ▁the ▁action ▁of ▁the ▁films ▁and ▁thought ▁that ▁they ▁did ▁better ▁than ▁most ▁action ▁mov ies ▁by ▁" re th inking ▁the ▁characters , ▁the ▁franch ise ▁and ▁the ▁genre ." ▁ ▁Col in ▁Cover t ▁of ▁the ▁Star ▁Trib une ▁pra ised ▁Spider - Man ▁as ▁a ▁" super b ▁debut " ▁of ▁the ▁super h ero ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 ▁as ▁a ▁" super ior ▁sequ el " ▁for ▁film go ers ▁who ▁are ▁fans ▁" of ▁spect acle ▁and ▁of ▁story ." ▁Cover t ▁expressed ▁disappoint ment ▁in ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 ▁as ▁too ▁am bit ious ▁with ▁the ▁multiple ▁story lines ▁leaving ▁one ▁" fe eling ▁over st uff ed ▁yet ▁short changed ." ▁Man oh la ▁D arg is ▁of ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁enjoyed ▁the ▁humor ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁films , ▁but ▁found ▁it ▁missing ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁install ment . ▁D arg is ▁also ▁noted , ▁" The ▁bit ters weet ▁par ado x ▁of ▁this ▁franch ise ▁is ▁that ▁while ▁the ▁stories ▁have ▁grown ▁progress ively ▁less ▁interesting ▁the ▁special ▁effects ▁have ▁improved ▁trem end ously ." ▁Robert ▁D ener stein |
▁of ▁the ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁News ▁ranked ▁the ▁films ▁from ▁his ▁favorite ▁to ▁his ▁least ▁favorite : ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 , ▁Spider - Man , ▁and ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 . ▁While ▁D ener stein ▁missed ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁Alfred ▁Mol ina ▁as ▁Doctor ▁Oct opus ▁from ▁the ▁second ▁film , ▁he ▁found ▁the ▁third ▁film – ▁despite ▁being ▁" b igger , ▁though ▁not ▁necessarily ▁better " – ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁" s atisf ying ▁conclusion ." ▁ ▁Can cel led ▁films ▁ ▁Sam ▁Ra imi ▁films ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁ 4 ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Spider - Man ▁ 4 ▁entered ▁development , ▁with ▁Ra imi ▁attached ▁to ▁direct ▁and ▁Mag u ire , ▁D unst ▁and ▁other ▁cast ▁members ▁set ▁to ▁repr ise ▁their ▁roles . ▁Both ▁a ▁fourth ▁and ▁a ▁fifth ▁film ▁were ▁planned ▁and ▁at ▁one ▁time ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁shooting ▁the ▁two ▁sequ els ▁concurrent ly ▁was ▁under ▁consideration . ▁However , ▁Ra imi ▁stated ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁that ▁only ▁the ▁fourth ▁film ▁was ▁in ▁development ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁and ▁that ▁if ▁there ▁were ▁fifth ▁and ▁sixth ▁films , ▁those ▁two ▁films ▁would ▁actually ▁be ▁a ▁continu ation ▁of ▁each ▁other . ▁James ▁V ander b ilt ▁was ▁h ired ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁to ▁pen ▁the ▁screen play ▁after ▁initial ▁reports ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁that ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁was ▁in ▁contact ▁with ▁David ▁K oe pp , |
▁who ▁wrote ▁the ▁first ▁Spider - Man ▁film . ▁The ▁script ▁was ▁being ▁re written ▁by ▁David ▁L inds ay - A ba ire ▁and ▁Gary ▁Ross ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁and ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Sony ▁also ▁engaged ▁V ander b ilt ▁to ▁write ▁scripts ▁for ▁Spider - Man ▁ 5 ▁and ▁Spider - Man ▁ 6 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Ra imi ▁expressed ▁interest ▁in ▁port ray ing ▁the ▁transformation ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Curt ▁Con n ors ▁into ▁his ▁villa in ous ▁alter - ego , ▁the ▁L izard ; ▁the ▁character ' s ▁actor ▁D yl an ▁Baker ▁and ▁producer ▁Grant ▁Curt is ▁were ▁also ▁enthus i astic ▁about ▁the ▁idea . ▁Ra imi ▁also ▁discussed ▁his ▁desire ▁to ▁upgrade ▁Bruce ▁Campbell ▁from ▁a ▁came o ▁appearance ▁to ▁a ▁significant ▁role , ▁later ▁revealed ▁to ▁be ▁Qu entin ▁Beck ▁/ ▁Myst er io . ▁It ▁was ▁reported ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁that ▁John ▁M alk ov ich ▁was ▁in ▁negoti ations ▁to ▁play ▁V ulture ▁and ▁that ▁Anne ▁H ath away ▁would ▁play ▁Fel icia ▁Hard y , ▁though ▁she ▁would ▁not ▁have ▁transformed ▁into ▁the ▁Black ▁Cat ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁com ics . ▁Instead , ▁Ra imi ' s ▁Fel icia ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁new ▁super power ed ▁figure ▁called ▁the ▁V ultur ess . ▁However , ▁several ▁years ▁later , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Ra imi ▁stated ▁that ▁H |
ath away ▁was ▁going ▁to ▁be ▁Black ▁Cat ▁if ▁Spider - Man ▁ 4 ▁had ▁been ▁made . ▁Con cept ▁art ▁revealed ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁showed ▁the ▁inclusion ▁of ▁an ▁opening ▁mont age ▁of ▁Spider - Man ▁going ▁up ▁against ▁C ▁and ▁D - list ▁villa ins , ▁such ▁as ▁Myst er io , ▁the ▁Sho cker , ▁the ▁P row ler , ▁and ▁the ▁Rh ino , ▁with ▁the ▁V ulture ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁main ▁ant agon ist . ▁ ▁As ▁disag re ements ▁between ▁Sony ▁and ▁Ra imi ▁threatened ▁to ▁push ▁the ▁film ▁off ▁the ▁intended ▁May ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁release ▁date , ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁announced ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁that ▁plans ▁for ▁Spider - Man ▁ 4 ▁had ▁been ▁cancel led ▁due ▁to ▁Ra imi ' s ▁withdraw al ▁from ▁the ▁project . ▁Ra imi ▁reported ly ▁ended ▁his ▁participation ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁doubt ▁that ▁he ▁could ▁meet ▁the ▁planned ▁May ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁release ▁date ▁while ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁u ph old ing ▁the ▁film ▁cre atively ; ▁he ▁admitted ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁" very ▁unh appy " ▁with ▁the ▁way ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 ▁had ▁turned ▁out , ▁and ▁was ▁under ▁pressure ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁fourth ▁film ▁the ▁best ▁that ▁he ▁could . ▁Ra imi ▁pur port edly ▁went ▁through ▁four ▁iterations ▁of ▁the ▁script ▁with ▁different ▁screen writ ers ▁and ▁still ▁" h ated ▁it ". ▁ ▁Ven |
om ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁A vi ▁Ar ad ▁revealed ▁a ▁Ven om ▁spin - off ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁works . ▁The ▁studio ▁commission ed ▁Jacob ▁A aron ▁Est es ▁to ▁write ▁a ▁script , ▁but ▁rejected ▁it ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Paul ▁W ern ick ▁and ▁Rh ett ▁Re ese ▁signed ▁on ▁to ▁write . ▁Stan ▁Lee ▁signed ▁on ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁came o ▁in ▁the ▁film . ▁Rh ett ▁Re ese ▁later ▁revealed ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁written ▁two ▁draft s ▁for ▁the ▁film ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁studio ▁was ▁pushing ▁the ▁film ▁forward . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Gary ▁Ross , ▁who ▁was ▁then ▁re writing ▁the ▁latest ▁draft ▁of ▁the ▁un produ ced ▁Spider - Man ▁ 4 , ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁rewrite ▁the ▁Ven om ▁script ▁and ▁direct ▁the ▁film , ▁in ▁which ▁Ven om ▁would ▁be ▁an ▁anti h ero ▁rather ▁than ▁a ▁super villa in . ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Chron icle ▁director ▁Josh ▁T rank ▁negoti ated ▁his ▁interest ▁in ▁direct ing ▁the ▁film ▁with ▁Sony , ▁after ▁Ross ▁left ▁development ▁to ▁direct ▁The ▁Hung er ▁Games . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁producer ▁Matt ▁Tol m ach , ▁speaking ▁of ▁his ▁and ▁fellow ▁producer ▁A vi ▁Ar ad ' s ▁next ▁project , ▁a ▁Ven om ▁film , ▁suggested ▁it ▁could ▁follow ▁the ▁shared - un iverse ▁model |
▁of ▁the ▁film ▁The ▁Aven gers : ▁" What ▁I ' m ▁trying ▁to ▁say ▁to ▁you ▁without ▁giving ▁anything ▁away ▁is ▁hopefully ▁all ▁these ▁world s ▁will ▁live ▁together ▁in ▁peace ▁som ed ay ." ▁ ▁Marc ▁Web b ▁films ▁ ▁Se qu els ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁announced ▁it ▁had ▁set ▁release ▁dates ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁two ▁Spider - Man ▁films . ▁The ▁third ▁film ▁was ▁scheduled ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁and ▁the ▁fourth ▁was ▁scheduled ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁on ▁May ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁Paul ▁G iam atti ▁confirmed ▁that ▁Rh ino ▁would ▁return ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁film . ▁That ▁November , ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁Entertainment ▁chief ▁Michael ▁L ynt on ▁told ▁anal yst s , ▁" We ▁do ▁very ▁much ▁have ▁the ▁amb ition ▁about ▁creating ▁a ▁bigger ▁universe ▁around ▁Spider - Man . ▁There ▁are ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁scripts ▁in ▁the ▁works ." ▁Andrew ▁Gar field ▁stated ▁that ▁his ▁contract ▁was ▁for ▁three ▁films , ▁and ▁was ▁uns ure ▁of ▁his ▁invol vement ▁for ▁the ▁fourth ▁film . ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Sony ▁announced ▁that ▁Web b ▁would ▁return ▁to ▁direct ▁the ▁third ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁film . ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Web b ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁direct ing ▁the ▁fourth ▁film , ▁but ▁would ▁like ▁to ▁remain ▁as ▁a ▁consult ant ▁for ▁the |
▁series . ▁On ▁July ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Roberto ▁Or ci ▁told ▁I GN ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁not ▁working ▁on ▁the ▁third ▁film ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁invol vement ▁in ▁Star ▁Tre k ▁Bey ond . ▁Alex ▁Kurt z man ▁stated ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁interview ▁that ▁the ▁third ▁film ▁was ▁still ▁continu ing ▁production ▁and ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁possibility ▁of ▁seeing ▁a ▁Black ▁Cat ▁film . ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁announced ▁that ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁ 3 ▁had ▁been ▁delayed ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁After ▁the ▁announ cement ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁series ▁with ▁Marvel ▁Studios , ▁the ▁sequ els ▁to ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 ▁were ▁cancel led . ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Den is ▁Le ary , ▁who ▁had ▁port rayed ▁police ▁Captain ▁George ▁St acy ▁in ▁the ▁previous ▁two ▁films , ▁revealed ▁that ▁the ▁film ▁at ▁one ▁point ▁had ▁Spider - Man ▁" take ▁this ▁formula ▁and ▁reg ener ate ▁the ▁people ▁in ▁his ▁life ▁that ▁died ." ▁This ▁would ▁bring ▁back ▁both ▁Captain ▁St acy ▁( who ▁died ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁film ) ▁and ▁potentially ▁Emma ▁Stone ' s ▁G wen ▁St acy , ▁rum ored ▁to ▁return ▁as ▁a ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁character ▁Spider - G wen . ▁ ▁Sp in - offs ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 2 , |
▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Sony ▁issued ▁a ▁press ▁release ▁through ▁the ▁vir al ▁site ▁Elect ro ▁Ar riv es ▁announ cing ▁that ▁two ▁films ▁were ▁in ▁development , ▁with ▁Alex ▁Kurt z man , ▁Roberto ▁Or ci ▁and ▁Ed ▁Sol omon ▁writing ▁a ▁spin - off ▁to ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁focused ▁on ▁Ven om ▁( with ▁Kurt z man ▁attached ▁to ▁direct ) ▁and ▁D rew ▁God d ard ▁writing ▁one ▁focused ▁on ▁the ▁villa in ▁team ▁Sin ister ▁Six ▁with ▁an ▁eye ▁to ▁direct . ▁Hann ah ▁M ing h ella ▁and ▁Rach el ▁O ' Con nor ▁would ▁over see ▁the ▁development ▁and ▁production ▁of ▁these ▁films ▁for ▁the ▁studio . ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁God d ard ▁would ▁direct ▁the ▁Sin ister ▁Six ▁film , ▁and ▁that ▁both ▁spin - offs ▁would ▁be ▁released ▁before ▁a ▁fourth ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man , ▁with ▁Spider - Man ▁potentially ▁appearing ▁in ▁both ▁spin - offs . ▁Later ▁in ▁the ▁month , ▁Tol m ach ▁and ▁Ar ad ▁revealed ▁the ▁Sin ister ▁Six ▁film ▁would ▁be ▁a ▁re dem ption ▁story ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁film ' s ▁line up ▁might ▁differ ▁from ▁the ▁com ics . ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁announced ▁that ▁The ▁Sin ister ▁Six ▁was ▁scheduled ▁for ▁release ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁By ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 |
, ▁Sony ▁was ▁also ▁looking ▁to ▁release ▁a ▁female - center ed ▁spin - off ▁film ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁with ▁Lisa ▁Joy ▁writing , ▁and ▁had ▁given ▁the ▁Ven om ▁spin - off ▁the ▁potential ▁title ▁of ▁Ven om : ▁Car n age . ▁ ▁Despite ▁the ▁announ cement ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁series ▁with ▁Marvel ▁Studios , ▁the ▁Sin ister ▁Six , ▁Ven om , ▁and ▁female - led ▁spin - off ▁films ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁tim eline ▁were ▁then ▁" st ill ▁moving ▁forward ". ▁Fe ige ▁was ▁not ▁expected ▁to ▁be ▁cre atively ▁involved ▁with ▁these ▁films . ▁However , ▁the ▁Sin ister ▁Six ▁film ▁was ▁cancel led ▁due ▁to ▁The ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁ 2 ▁under perform ing ▁commer cially , ▁and ▁by ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁other ▁pros pective ▁spin - off ▁films ▁were ▁cancel led ▁as ▁well . ▁However , ▁Sony ▁has ▁re work ed ▁these ▁plans ▁into ▁creating ▁a ▁new ▁film ▁series ▁based ▁on ▁Marvel ▁characters ▁associated ▁with ▁Spider - Man ▁separate ▁from ▁both ▁the ▁Marvel ▁Cin ematic ▁Un iverse ▁or ▁the ▁Ama zing ▁Spider - Man ▁franch ise , ▁starting ▁with ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁film ▁Ven om . ▁These ▁include ▁sp ino ff ▁films ▁cent ering ▁around ▁the ▁characters ▁of ▁Mor b ius , ▁Kra ven ▁the ▁Hunter , ▁and ▁Silver ▁and ▁Black , ▁a ▁female - cent |
ric ▁team ▁up ▁of ▁the ▁Spider - Man ▁villa ins ▁Silver ▁S able ▁and ▁Black ▁Cat . ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁J ared ▁Let o ▁will ▁port ray ▁title ▁character ▁Mor b ius ▁in ▁the ▁sp ino ff ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Daniel ▁Esp in osa . ▁The ▁film ▁is ▁set ▁to ▁release ▁on ▁July ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁The ▁Kra ven ▁the ▁Hunter ▁film ▁is ▁currently ▁being ▁written ▁by ▁Richard ▁W enk . ▁ ▁Un author ized ▁ad a ptions ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁the ▁amateur ▁film maker ▁Donald ▁F . ▁Gl ut ▁created ▁a ▁short ▁movie ▁Spider - Man ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁character . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁character ' s ▁first ▁appearance ▁in ▁film . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁acc ol ades ▁received ▁by ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 2 0 0 7 ▁Spider - Man ▁film ▁series ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁films ▁based ▁on ▁Marvel ▁Comics ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁in ▁television ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁in ▁nov els ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Spider - Man ▁film ▁franch ise ▁over view ▁at ▁Box ▁Office ▁Mo jo ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Fil m ▁series ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁▁ ▁Category : S ony ▁Pictures ▁franch ises ▁Category : Col umb ia ▁Pictures ▁franch ises ▁Category : Mar vel ▁Entertainment ▁franch ises <0x0A> </s> ▁S aba ot ▁( S eb ei ) ▁is ▁a ▁Kal |
en jin ▁language ▁of ▁Ken ya . ▁The ▁S aba ot ▁people ▁live ▁around ▁Mount ▁El gon ▁in ▁both ▁Ken ya ▁and ▁U g anda . ▁The ▁hills ▁of ▁their ▁hom eland ▁gradually ▁rise ▁from ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 4 , 0 0 0 ▁feet . ▁The ▁Ken ya – U g anda ▁border ▁goes ▁straight ▁through ▁the ▁mountain - top , ▁cutting ▁the ▁S aba ot ▁hom eland ▁into ▁two ▁hal ves . ▁ ▁Gram mar ▁Typ ical ▁of ▁Nil otic ▁languages , ▁S aba ot ▁uses ▁advanced ▁tongue ▁root ▁( AT R ) ▁to ▁express ▁some ▁morph ological ▁operations : ▁ ▁References ▁S aba ot ▁S ID O ▁Website : ▁ ▁Category : K alen jin ▁languages <0x0A> </s> ▁J . P . ▁Cole man ▁State ▁Park ▁is ▁a ▁state ▁park ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁Mississippi . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁approximately ▁ ▁north ▁of ▁I uka ▁off ▁Mississippi ▁Highway ▁ 2 5 , ▁on ▁the ▁banks ▁of ▁the ▁Tennessee ▁River ▁and ▁Pick wick ▁Lake . ▁The ▁park ▁is ▁named ▁for ▁James ▁P . ▁Cole man , ▁a ▁former ▁governor ▁of ▁Mississippi . ▁ ▁Activ ities ▁and ▁amen ities ▁The ▁park ▁features ▁bo ating , ▁waters ki ing ▁and ▁fish ing ▁for ▁small mouth ▁bass ▁on ▁ ▁Pick wick ▁Lake , ▁primitive ▁and ▁developed ▁cam ps ites , ▁cab ins , ▁c ott ages , ▁mot el , ▁sw imming ▁pool , ▁visitors ▁center , ▁pic nic ▁area |
, ▁and ▁a ▁mini ature ▁golf ▁course . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁- ▁Mississippi ▁Department ▁of ▁Fish eries , ▁Wild life , ▁and ▁Park s ▁ ▁Category : State ▁par ks ▁of ▁Mississippi ▁Category : Pro te cted ▁areas ▁of ▁T ish om ingo ▁County , ▁Mississippi <0x0A> </s> ▁Col ima , ▁Mexico , ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁The ▁state ▁of ▁Col ima , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 2 ▁component ▁federal ▁entities ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Mexican ▁States ▁Col ima , ▁Col ima , ▁capital ▁city ▁of ▁that ▁state <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁set ▁theory , ▁König ' s ▁theorem ▁ ▁states ▁that ▁if ▁the ▁ax iom ▁of ▁choice ▁holds , ▁I ▁is ▁a ▁set , ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁are ▁cardinal ▁numbers ▁for ▁every ▁i ▁in ▁I , ▁and ▁ ▁for ▁every ▁i ▁in ▁I , ▁then ▁▁ ▁The ▁sum ▁here ▁is ▁the ▁cardinal ity ▁of ▁the ▁dis joint ▁union ▁of ▁the ▁sets ▁mi , ▁and ▁the ▁product ▁is ▁the ▁cardinal ity ▁of ▁the ▁Cart esian ▁product . ▁However , ▁without ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁ax iom ▁of ▁choice , ▁the ▁sum ▁and ▁the ▁product ▁cannot ▁be ▁defined ▁as ▁cardinal ▁numbers , ▁and ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁the ▁inequality ▁sign ▁would ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁clar ified . ▁ ▁König ' s ▁theorem ▁was ▁introduced ▁by ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁slightly ▁we aker ▁form ▁that ▁the ▁sum ▁of ▁a ▁strictly ▁increasing ▁sequence ▁of ▁non zero ▁cardinal ▁numbers ▁is ▁less ▁than ▁their ▁product . ▁ ▁Details ▁▁ ▁The ▁precise ▁statement ▁of ▁the ▁result : ▁ |
Subsets and Splits