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▁become ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Society ▁for ▁C lin ical ▁On col ogy , ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan ▁as ▁the ▁medical ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁university ' s ▁cancer ▁center , ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁medical ▁director ▁at ▁Stan ford ▁Can cer ▁Institute . ▁ ▁He ▁special izes ▁in ▁h emat ology ▁and ▁on col ogy , ▁but ▁his ▁research ▁special izes ▁in ▁breast ▁cancer , ▁l ym ph oma , ▁and ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁electronic ▁technology ▁to ▁enh ance ▁medical ▁practice . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Douglas ▁Bl ay ney ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁F ow ler , ▁California ▁a ▁small , ▁rural ▁far ming ▁community ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁Valley ▁of ▁California ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁nearby ▁F res no . ▁ ▁Education ▁Douglas ▁Bl ay ney ▁attended ▁Stan ford ▁University ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁where ▁he ▁received ▁his ▁Bach elor ▁of ▁Science ▁in ▁Elect rical ▁Engineering . ▁He ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁ear n ▁his ▁M . D . ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California ▁at ▁San ▁Diego ▁School ▁of ▁Medicine ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁ ▁After ▁receiving ▁his ▁M . D ., ▁Bl ay ney ▁completed ▁his ▁res iden cy ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California ▁at ▁San ▁Diego ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁After ▁gradu ating ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁Bl ay ney ▁became ▁cert ified ▁to ▁practice ▁internal ▁medicine , ▁while ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁he ▁received ▁his |
▁cert ification ▁in ▁medical ▁on col ogy ▁where ▁he ▁also ▁completed ▁his ▁fellow ship ▁in ▁on col ogy ▁at ▁the ▁National ▁Can cer ▁Institute ▁in ▁Beth es da , ▁Maryland . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁Bl ay ney ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁medical ▁on colog ist ▁and ▁h emat ologist ▁for ▁the ▁private ▁practice ▁the ▁Wil shire ▁On col ogy ▁Medical ▁Group , ▁Inc , ▁in ▁Pas ad ena , ▁California . ▁Bl ay ney ▁worked ▁at ▁Wil shire ▁On col ogy ▁for ▁ 1 7 ▁years , ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁Bl ay ney ’ s ▁experience ▁was ▁extended ▁to ▁medical ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan ’ s ▁Com pre h ensive ▁Can cer ▁Center ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁Stan ford ▁University ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁Ann ▁and ▁John ▁Do err ▁Medical ▁Center ▁Director ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁. ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Michigan ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁F ow ler , ▁California ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Carlos ▁Ern esto ▁Castro ▁( born ▁ 2 4 ▁September ▁ 1 9 7 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁E cuador ian ▁international ▁def ender . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁Castro ▁played ▁his ▁final ▁season ▁for ▁Club ▁Deport ivo ▁Que ved o ▁in ▁the ▁Campeonato ▁E cu ator iano ▁de ▁F |
útbol . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Qu ito ▁Category : E cuador ian ▁football ers ▁Category : E cuador ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : S . D . ▁A uc as ▁football ers ▁Category : C . D . ▁El ▁Nacional ▁football ers ▁Category : Bar cel ona ▁S . C . ▁football ers ▁Category : C . D . ▁C uen ca ▁football ers ▁Category : C . D . ▁Que ved o ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders <0x0A> </s> ▁Keep ▁Your ▁E ye ▁on ▁Me ▁is ▁a ▁pop / R & B / d ance ▁album ▁by ▁Her b ▁Al pert , ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁ ▁It ▁contains ▁two ▁hit ▁singles , ▁" D iam onds " ▁and ▁" M aking ▁Love ▁in ▁the ▁Rain " ▁( both ▁featuring ▁lead ▁and ▁background ▁vocals ▁by ▁Jan et ▁Jackson ▁and ▁Lisa ▁Keith ). ▁These ▁Billboard ▁Top ▁ 4 0 ▁hits , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁title ▁track ▁and ▁" P ill ow " ▁( fe aturing ▁co - le ad ▁vocals ▁by ▁Al pert ▁and ▁singer / w ife ▁L ani ▁Hall ) ▁were ▁produced ▁by ▁Jimmy ▁Jam ▁& ▁Terry ▁Lewis . ▁The ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁album ▁consists ▁of ▁tracks ▁produced ▁by ▁Her b ▁Al pert ▁and ▁various ▁produ cers . ▁ ▁Keep ▁Your ▁E ye ▁On ▁Me ▁was ▁constructed ▁with ▁Side ▁ 1 ▁( Tra |
cks ▁ 1 - 5 ) ▁featuring ▁u pt em po ▁songs , ▁while ▁Side ▁ 2 ▁( Tra cks ▁ 6 - 1 0 ) ▁featured ▁down ▁tempo ▁songs ▁and ▁ball ads . ▁ ▁All ▁tr ump et ▁sol os ▁were ▁played ▁by ▁Her b ▁Al pert . ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁CD ▁by ▁A & M ▁Records ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁along ▁with ▁extended ▁CD ▁singles ▁of ▁the ▁title ▁track ▁and ▁" D iam onds ". ▁It ▁was ▁re - re leased ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁in ▁a ▁download - only ▁version ▁available ▁exclus ively ▁through ▁Al pert ' s ▁official ▁website , ▁Her b Al pert Pres ents . com . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁▁▁ ▁" Ke ep ▁Your ▁E ye ▁on ▁Me " ▁( J im my ▁Jam , ▁Terry ▁Lewis ) ▁▁ 5 : 1 3 ▁▁ ▁" Hot ▁Sh ot " ▁ ▁( Al bert ▁Hamm ond ) ▁▁ 3 : 5 6 ▁▁ ▁" D iam onds " ▁ ▁( J im my ▁Jam , ▁Terry ▁Lewis ) ▁▁ 4 : 5 3 ▁▁ ▁" Tra ffic ▁Jam " ▁ ▁( Les ▁Pier ce ) ▁▁ 3 : 1 6 ▁▁ ▁" Cat ▁Man ▁Do " ▁ ▁( Ro y ▁B itt an , ▁Her b ▁Al pert ) ▁▁ 5 : 2 6 ▁▁ ▁" P ill ow " ▁ ▁( J im my ▁Jam , ▁Terry ▁Lewis ) ▁▁ 4 : 3 |
2 ▁▁ ▁" O ur ▁Song " ▁ ▁( Her b ▁Al pert , ▁Sal ▁Mac al uso ) ▁▁ 3 : 5 5 ▁▁ ▁" M aking ▁Love ▁in ▁the ▁Rain " ▁ ▁( J im my ▁Jam , ▁Terry ▁Lewis ) ▁▁ 5 : 5 6 ▁▁ ▁" R ocket ▁to ▁the ▁Moon " ▁ ▁( John ▁Bar nes , ▁Her b ▁Al pert ) ▁▁ 3 : 5 2 ▁ ▁" Str anger ▁on ▁the ▁Sh ore " ▁ ▁( Mr . ▁A cker ▁Bil k , ▁R . ▁M ell in ) ▁▁ 2 : 5 4 ▁ ▁Person nel ▁▁ ▁Tra cks ▁ 1 , ▁ 3 , ▁ 6 ▁and ▁ 8 ▁Produ ced ▁by ▁Jimmy ▁Jam ▁and ▁Terry ▁Lewis ▁for ▁Fly te ▁T yme ▁Produ ctions , ▁Inc .; ▁Executive ▁Produ cer : ▁John ▁McC lain ; J im my ▁Jam : ▁drum ▁programming , ▁keyboard ▁programming , ▁per cussion ▁( track ▁ 1 , ▁ 3 , ▁ 6 ▁and ▁ 8 ), ▁Fair light ▁programming ▁( track ▁ 6 ), ▁Ober heim ▁programming ▁( track ▁ 6 ); ▁Terry ▁Lewis : ▁bass ▁( track ▁ 3 ), ▁per cussion ▁( track ▁ 3 ▁and ▁ 6 ), ▁background ▁vocals ▁( track ▁ 1 , ▁ 3 , ▁ 6 ▁and ▁ 8 ); ▁David ▁E il and : ▁keyboard ▁programming , ▁sound ▁F X ▁sam pler ▁( track ▁ 1 ); ▁Jer ome ▁Bent on : ▁background ▁vocals ▁( track ▁ 1 ); ▁Lisa |
▁Keith : ▁lead ▁vocals ▁( track ▁ 3 ▁and ▁ 8 ), ▁background ▁vocals ▁( track ▁ 1 ▁and ▁ 6 ); ▁Jan et ▁Jackson : ▁lead ▁vocals ▁( track ▁ 3 ▁and ▁ 8 ); ▁J elly bean ▁Johnson , ▁James ▁" P ope ye " ▁Gre er : ▁party ▁vocals ▁( track ▁ 3 ) ▁ ▁Tra cks ▁ 2 , ▁ 7 ▁and ▁ 9 ▁Produ ced ▁by ▁Her b ▁Al pert L ay th am ▁Arm or : ▁drums , ▁key boards , ▁bass ▁programming ▁( track ▁ 2 ), ▁synth es ized ▁bass , ▁synth es izer , ▁per cussion ▁programming ▁( track ▁ 7 ); ▁Michael ▁Land au : ▁guitar ▁( track ▁ 2 ▁and ▁ 9 ); ▁Paul ▁Jackson , ▁Jr .: ▁guitar ▁( track ▁ 9 ); ▁Paul inho ▁Da ▁Costa : ▁per cussion ▁( track ▁ 2 ▁and ▁ 9 ); ▁John ▁Bar nes : ▁organ ▁( track ▁ 2 ), ▁key boards ▁( track ▁ 7 ▁and ▁ 9 ), ▁drum ▁programming ▁( track ▁ 9 ), ▁Jeff ▁Por car o : ▁drums ▁( track ▁ 9 ); ▁Neil ▁St uben haus : ▁bass ▁( track ▁ 9 ) ▁ ▁Track ▁ 4 ▁Produ ced ▁by ▁Her b ▁Al pert ; ▁Associ ate ▁Produ cer : ▁Les ▁Pier ce Les ▁Pier ce : ▁drums , ▁keyboard ▁programming ; ▁Michael ▁Land au : ▁guitar ▁ ▁Track ▁ 5 ▁Produ ced ▁by ▁Her b ▁Al pert ▁and ▁Roy ▁B itt an Ro y ▁B itt |
an : ▁key boards ; ▁John ▁Bar nes : ▁Yam aha ▁D X 7 ▁keyboard ; ▁Paul inho ▁Da ▁Costa : ▁per cussion ; ▁Michael ▁Land au : ▁guitar ; ▁Jeff ▁Por car o : ▁drums ; ▁Neil ▁St uben haus : ▁bass ▁ ▁Track ▁ 1 0 ▁Produ ced ▁by ▁Her b ▁Al pert ▁and ▁Sh elly ▁Y ak us John ▁Bar nes : ▁Yam aha ▁D X 7 ▁keyboard , ▁Fair light ▁programming ; ▁Steve ▁Sch a ef fer : ▁drums , ▁per cussion ; ▁Michael ▁Land au : ▁guitar ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Her b ▁Al pert ▁albums ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Jimmy ▁Jam ▁and ▁Terry ▁Lewis ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Her b ▁Al pert ▁Category : A & M ▁Records ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁S AN AC C ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁S AN AC C , ▁Scottish ▁Ang lers ▁National ▁Association ▁Compet ition ▁Club s ▁Ltd ▁is ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁Scottish ▁Ang ling ▁Club s ▁which ▁organ izes ▁national ▁fly ▁fish ing ▁compet itions . ▁▁ ▁S AN AC C , ▁US ▁State , ▁Army , ▁Navy , ▁Air ▁Force ▁Co ordin ating ▁Committee ▁which ▁approved ▁Operation ▁Blood stone ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 . <0x0A> </s> ▁Gh arn ati ▁refers ▁to ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁Al ger ian ▁music ▁origin ating ▁in ▁Al - And alus . ▁Its ▁name ▁is ▁related , ▁being ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁Arab ic |
▁name ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish ▁city ▁of ▁Gran ada . ▁ ▁Gh arn ati ▁was ▁preserved , ▁en rich ed ▁and ▁developed ▁in ▁T lem cen ▁in ▁Al ger ia . ▁ ▁This ▁variety ▁of ▁And alus ian ▁classical ▁music ▁has ▁been ▁established ▁in ▁other ▁cities ▁like ▁O ran ▁and ▁S idi - Bel - A bb ès ▁in ▁Al ger ia . ▁And ▁there after , ▁in ▁Rab at ▁and ▁O uj da ▁in ▁Mor oc co ▁by ▁al ger ian ▁fam ill ies ▁who ▁moved ▁and ▁settled ▁there , ▁as ▁confirmed ▁by ▁J err il yn n ▁D . ▁D od ds ▁in ▁his ▁book ▁" The ▁literature ▁of ▁Al - And alus ", ▁éd . ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Press , ▁Cambridge , ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁p . ▁ 7 2 - 7 3 ▁▁ ▁If ▁the ▁term ▁Gh arn ati ▁refers ▁in ▁the ▁region ▁of ▁T lem cen ▁in ▁Al ger ia ▁to ▁a ▁distinct ▁musical ▁style ▁of ▁the ▁And alus ian ▁music ▁and ▁confirmed ▁by ▁the ▁authors ▁Rach id ▁A ous , ▁Moh ammed ▁Hab ib ▁Sam rak and i ▁pages ▁ 1 5 ▁and ▁ 2 4 ▁in ▁their ▁book ▁" Music ▁of ▁Al ger ia " ▁, ▁in ▁Mor oc co , ▁the ▁original ▁term ▁used ▁for ▁this ▁music ▁is ▁' d zi ri ' ▁which ▁means ▁al ger ian , ▁to ▁distinguish ▁it ▁from ▁local ▁and alus ian ▁genre ▁al - a ala . ▁ ▁Fam ous ▁mus icians ▁of ▁Gh arn ati ▁ ▁Che |
ikh ▁Lar bi ▁B ens ari ▁ ▁Che ik ha ▁T et ma ▁ ▁Che ikh ▁Red ou ane ▁b ens ari ▁ ▁Che ikh ▁Moh ammed ▁Sal ah ▁Cha ab ane ▁ ▁Che ikh ▁El ▁Had j ▁Moh amed ▁El ▁G ha ff our ▁ ▁Ab del k rim ▁D ali ▁ ▁Bou chn ak ▁Ben y oun es ▁dit ▁Af endi ▁ ▁Cha ab ane ▁S idi ▁Moh ammed ▁ ▁Cha ab ane ▁Nas red d ine ▁ ▁Ker z azi ▁Che ikh ▁Bra him ▁ ▁Am ina ▁A la ou i ▁ ▁Fran ço ise ▁At lan ▁ ▁Notes ▁and ▁references ▁ ▁Category : Al ger ian ▁music ▁Category : Mor oc can ▁music <0x0A> </s> ▁Ł ę town ia ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁Now a ▁Sar z yna , ▁within ▁Le ż aj sk ▁County , ▁Sub car path ian ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁south - e astern ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁west ▁of ▁Now a ▁Sar z yna , ▁ ▁north - west ▁of ▁Le ż aj sk , ▁and ▁ ▁north - east ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁R zes z ów . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 , 4 5 0 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Le ż aj sk ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Cass ia ▁flower ▁bud ▁sal ad ▁( ; ▁; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁mez ali ▁ph u ▁th oke ) ▁is ▁a ▁fest ive ▁Bur |
m ese ▁sal ad ▁tradition ally ▁served ▁during ▁the ▁full ▁moon ▁day ▁of ▁T aza ung mon , ▁often ▁as ▁an ▁sat ud ith a ▁offering . ▁▁ ▁The ▁sal ad ' s ▁base ▁ing red ients ▁includes ▁fresh ly ▁picked ▁S iam ese ▁c ass ia ▁flower ▁bud s , ▁bo iled ▁pot atoes , ▁s lic ed ▁on ions , ▁pe an uts , ▁ses ame ▁seed , ▁gar lic , ▁season ed ▁with ▁salt , ▁oil , ▁ses ame ▁se eds , ▁and ▁le mon ▁ju ice . ▁ ▁A ▁common ▁Bur m ese ▁tradition ▁during ▁the ▁full ▁moon ▁day ▁of ▁T aza ung mon ▁is ▁for ▁families ▁to ▁pick ▁S iam ese ▁c ass ia ▁flower ▁bud s ▁and ▁prepare ▁the ▁bud s , ▁either ▁as ▁a ▁sal ad ▁or ▁a ▁soup . ▁The ▁flower ▁bud s ▁are ▁considered ▁to ▁have ▁cur ative ▁medic inal ▁properties . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁T aza ung mon ▁ ▁Category : B urm ese ▁cu is ine <0x0A> </s> ▁Jean - G ab riel - H on or é ▁Gre ppo ▁( 3 ▁September ▁ 1 7 8 8 , ▁in ▁Lyon ▁– ▁ 2 2 ▁September ▁ 1 8 6 3 , ▁in ▁Belle y ) ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁canon ▁remembered ▁for ▁his ▁research ▁in ▁the ▁fields ▁of ▁arch ae ology ▁and ▁Oriental ▁studies . ▁He ▁was ▁related ▁to ▁canon ▁Jean - B apt iste ▁Gre ppo ▁( 1 7 1 2 – 1 7 6 7 ), ▁known ▁for |
▁his ▁arch ae ological ▁investig ations ▁of ▁ancient ▁Lyon . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁education ▁in ▁Lyon , ▁then ▁attended ▁the ▁sem inary ▁of ▁St . ▁Sul p ice ▁in ▁Paris . ▁From ▁ 1 8 0 7 ▁he ▁was ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁sem inary ▁of ▁St . ▁I ren ae us ▁of ▁Lyon , ▁and ▁afterwards ▁became ▁a ▁parish ▁priest ▁in ▁Saint - Just . ▁In ▁ 1 8 2 3 ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁v ica ire ▁général ▁of ▁Belle y . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁correspond ent ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Ac adémie ▁des ▁In scri ptions ▁et ▁B elles - Let tres ▁( 1 8 4 0 – 1 8 6 3 ) ▁and ▁the ▁Ac adémie ▁des ▁sciences , ▁b elles - let tres ▁et ▁arts ▁de ▁Sav o ie ▁( 1 8 3 4 ). ▁ ▁Liter ary ▁works ▁( selection ) ▁▁ ▁Dis sert ation ▁sur ▁les ▁lar aires ▁de ▁l ' emp ere ur ▁S év ère ▁Alexandre , ▁ 1 8 3 4 ▁– ▁Dis sert ation ▁on ▁the ▁lar aria ▁of ▁Emperor ▁Alexander ▁Sever us . ▁ ▁Es qu isse ▁de ▁l ' histoire ▁de ▁la ▁mon na ie ▁chez ▁les ▁H é bre ux , ▁ 1 8 3 7 ▁– ▁Sk etch ▁on ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁money ▁among ▁the ▁Heb rew s . ▁ ▁Ess ai ▁sur ▁le ▁système ▁hi é rog lyph ique ▁de ▁M . ▁Champ oll ion ▁le ▁jeune ▁et ▁sur ▁les ▁avant ages ▁qu ' il ▁off |
re ▁à ▁la ▁critique ▁sacr ée , ▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁– ▁Ess ay ▁on ▁the ▁hier og lyph ic ▁system ▁of ▁Jean - Fran çois ▁Champ oll ion , ▁etc . ▁ ▁Notes ▁historiques , ▁bi ograph iques , ▁arch é olog iques ▁et ▁litt éra ires ▁concern ant ▁les ▁premiers ▁siè cles ▁chr ét iens , ▁ 1 8 4 1 ▁– ▁Historical ▁notes , ▁bi ographical , ▁literary ▁and ▁arch ae ological , ▁in ▁regards ▁to ▁the ▁early ▁Christian ▁centuries . ▁ ▁Et udes ▁arch é olog iques ▁sur ▁les ▁e aux ▁therm ales ▁ou ▁min ér ales ▁de ▁la ▁G au le ▁à ▁l ' époque ▁r oma ine , ▁ 1 8 4 6 ▁– ▁Arch ae ological ▁studies ▁on ▁the ▁thermal / min eral ▁waters ▁of ▁Ga ul ▁during ▁the ▁Roman ▁era . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 7 8 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 6 3 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Lyon ▁Category : F rench ▁arch ae olog ists ▁Category : F rench ▁orient al ists ▁Category : F rench ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁pri ests ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁pri ests <0x0A> </s> ▁Japan ▁Italy ▁Racing , ▁more ▁commonly ▁known ▁as ▁Ji R , ▁is ▁a ▁Monte ▁Carlo ▁based ▁motor cycle ▁racing ▁team ▁which ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁M oto GP ▁series ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁and ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 |
5 ▁in ▁the ▁M oto 2 ▁class . ▁ ▁Team ▁setup ▁The ▁team ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Gian lu ca ▁Mont ir on ▁together ▁with ▁H onda ▁Motor ▁Europe ▁founder ▁T ets uo ▁I ida . ▁Since ▁the ▁team ' s ▁found ing , ▁Mont ir on ▁has ▁divers ified ▁the ▁invest ments ▁keeping ▁the ▁Head ▁Office ▁as ▁the ▁team ' s ▁central ▁core , ▁although ▁all ▁its ▁activities ▁are ▁independent . ▁The ▁Mon aco - based ▁company ▁develop s ▁commercial ▁and ▁sport ▁interests , ▁including ▁market ing ▁and ▁communication ▁initi atives ▁– ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁brand ' s ▁international isation . ▁Mot ors port , ▁real ▁estate ▁invest ments ▁and ▁corpor ate ▁social ▁responsibility ▁( CS R ) ▁are ▁the ▁services ▁provided ▁by ▁Ji R ' s ▁different ▁companies . ▁ ▁Ji R ▁Italy ▁Ji R ▁Italy ▁S . r . l . ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁in ▁Cast el let to ▁di ▁Brand uz zo , ▁Italy , ▁some ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁Milan . ▁The ▁Italian ▁facility ▁is ▁well ▁equ ipped ▁for ▁prom ot ional ▁activities ▁and ▁is ▁located ▁near ▁to ▁the ▁Mot od rom o ▁circuit , ▁the ▁ 7 ▁Lag hi ▁go ▁k art ▁and ▁jet ▁ski ▁tracks . ▁ ▁S CI ▁Ji R ▁S CI ▁Ji R ▁is ▁a ▁real ▁estate ▁company ▁that ▁has ▁the ▁property ▁of ▁the ▁team ' s ▁facilities ▁in ▁Cast el let to ▁di ▁Brand uz zo ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁French ▁Riv iera . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁M oto GP ▁( |
2 0 0 5 – 2 0 0 8 ) ▁The ▁team ▁first ▁entered ▁the ▁M oto GP ▁World ▁Championship ▁in ▁ ▁as ▁Kon ica ▁Min olta ▁H onda , ▁a ▁single ▁motor cycle ▁team ▁using ▁the ▁H onda ▁RC 2 1 1 V ▁with ▁Japanese ▁r ider ▁Mak oto ▁Tam ada ▁and ▁Michel in ▁as ▁ty re ▁supp lier . ▁A ▁ 3 rd - place ▁finish ▁at ▁the ▁Japanese ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁was ▁the ▁team ' s ▁best ▁result . ▁The ▁team ▁used ▁the ▁same ▁package ▁for ▁the ▁ ▁season , ▁but ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁repeat ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁results ▁finishing ▁tw elf th ▁in ▁the ▁championship , ▁with ▁a ▁best ▁result ▁of ▁fifth ▁at ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Grand ▁Prix . ▁In ▁, ▁Shin ya ▁Nak ano ▁replaced ▁Tam ada ▁as ▁the ▁r ider ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁ 8 0 0 cc ▁H onda ▁RC 2 1 2 V . ▁The ▁motor cycle ▁did ▁not ▁achieve ▁the ▁results ▁expected ▁finishing ▁in ▁sevent e enth ▁position . ▁ ▁The ▁team ' s ▁results ▁improved ▁in ▁, ▁when ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ 1 2 5 cc ▁World ▁Champion ▁Andrea ▁D ov iz ioso ▁joined ▁the ▁team , ▁which ▁once ▁again ▁used ▁the ▁H onda ▁RC 2 1 2 V ▁on ▁Michel in ▁ty res . ▁They ▁were ▁re - brand ed ▁as ▁Ji R ▁Team ▁Scot ▁after ▁a ▁joint ▁vent ure ▁with ▁Team ▁Scot . ▁The ▁team ▁ran ▁also ▁Y uki ▁Tak ah ashi ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 5 0 |
cc ▁class ; ▁D ov iz ioso ▁finished ▁fifth ▁overall ▁in ▁the ▁M oto GP ▁stand ings . ▁The ▁team ▁split ▁during ▁the ▁season , ▁leaving ▁the ▁two ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁team ▁compet ing ▁for ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁run ▁a ▁H onda ▁in ▁M oto GP ▁in ▁, ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁Team ▁Scot ▁who ▁retained ▁H onda ▁support , ▁so ▁Ji R ▁with d rew ▁from ▁the ▁top ▁class . ▁ ▁M oto 2 ▁( 2 0 1 0 – 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁In ▁ ▁the ▁team ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁M oto 2 ▁class ▁on ▁a ▁T SR ▁built , ▁Mot obi ▁brand ed ▁ch ass is ▁r idden ▁by ▁Sim one ▁C ors i ▁and ▁Matt ia ▁Pas ini , ▁although ▁the ▁latter ▁was ▁replaced ▁during ▁the ▁season ▁by ▁Y us u ke ▁T esh ima ▁and ▁Alex ▁de ▁Angel is . ▁C ors i ▁achieved ▁third ▁place ▁twice , ▁while ▁de ▁Angel is ▁scored ▁two ▁pod iums , ▁including ▁a ▁victory ▁from ▁pole ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁Australian ▁Grand ▁Prix . ▁In ▁, ▁the ▁team ▁ran ▁only ▁one ▁bi ke ▁with ▁de ▁Angel is , ▁who ▁took ▁another ▁victory ▁in ▁Australia ▁and ▁cl inch ed ▁fourth ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁stand ings . ▁ ▁The ▁team ▁signed ▁Johann ▁Zar co , ▁ 1 2 5 cc ▁runner - up ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁and ▁Eric ▁Gran ado ▁for ▁M oto 2 ▁in ▁. ▁Zar co ▁finished ▁in ▁t enth ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁championship ▁stand |
ings , ▁the ▁best - pla ced ▁ro ok ie . ▁In ▁ ▁former ▁ 1 2 5 cc ▁world ▁champion ▁Mike ▁Di ▁Meg lio ▁joined ▁the ▁team ▁– ▁he ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁in ▁ 2 0 th ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁championship , ▁despite ▁missing ▁the ▁final ▁seven ▁races ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁broken ▁sac rum ▁sust ained ▁at ▁Br no . ▁Five ▁rid ers ▁replaced ▁him ▁over ▁those ▁races , ▁but ▁no ▁further ▁points ▁were ▁acc ru ed . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁M oto 2 ▁season ▁started ▁with ▁a ▁young ▁r ider ▁project ▁with ▁Japanese ▁GP 2 ▁champion ▁Ko ht a ▁No z ane ▁but ▁the ▁prem ature ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁father ▁during ▁the ▁off - season ▁disc ou rag ed ▁his ▁participation . ▁He ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁T ets uta ▁Nag ash ima , ▁but ▁his ▁season ▁was ▁short ened ▁by ▁an ▁injury ▁suffered ▁at ▁the ▁British ▁Grand ▁Prix . ▁He ▁returned ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁race ▁at ▁Val encia , ▁having ▁been ▁replaced ▁by ▁Feder ico ▁Car icas ulo , ▁Ken ny ▁No yes ▁and ▁Tom oy oshi ▁Ko y ama ▁in ▁between . ▁None ▁of ▁the ▁rid ers ▁scored ▁points ▁during ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁the ▁Swiss ▁r ider ▁R andy ▁K rum men acher ▁joined ▁the ▁team , ▁but ▁the ▁team ▁left ▁the ▁championship ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Sum mary ▁▁ ▁Compet ed ▁for ▁other ▁teams ▁during ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁M oto GP |
▁results ▁( key ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : M ot or cycle ▁racing ▁teams <0x0A> </s> ▁Bruce ▁Phill ip ▁Der lin ▁( born ▁ 2 8 ▁November ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁in ▁Sydney , ▁Australia ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁tennis ▁player ▁from ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁ ▁Der lin ▁represented ▁his ▁native ▁country ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Olympics ▁in ▁Se oul . ▁There , ▁the ▁left - hand er ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁men ' s ▁doubles ▁competition ▁to ▁Australia ' s ▁Dar ren ▁C ah ill ▁and ▁John ▁Fitz ger ald , ▁while ▁partner ing ▁Kelly ▁Ever nd en . ▁ ▁Ch allen ger ▁final s ▁ ▁Singles ▁( 1 – 2 ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : New ▁Zealand ▁male ▁tennis ▁players ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁tennis ▁players ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Sydney ▁Category : T ennis ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics <0x0A> </s> ▁George ▁William ▁Arch ib ald ▁( born ▁ 1 3 ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 6 ) ▁is ▁the ▁co - found er ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁C rane ▁Foundation ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Indian apolis ▁Prize . ▁ ▁Arch ib ald ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁New ▁Glasgow , ▁Nova ▁Scot ia , ▁Canada ▁to ▁Donald ▁Ed ison ▁and ▁An nie ▁Let it ia ▁(" |
L ett ie ") ▁( née ▁Mac Le od ) ▁Arch ib ald . ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁from ▁Dal h ous ie ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁and ▁his ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁from ▁Corn ell ▁University . ▁He ▁married ▁Ky oko ▁M ats um oto ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁ ▁Work ▁with ▁c ran es ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁when ▁c ran es ▁were ▁in ▁a ▁per il ous ▁situation ▁and ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁fifteen ▁remaining ▁species ▁were ▁on ▁the ▁br ink ▁of ▁ext inction , ▁Arch ib ald ▁co - f ounded , ▁with ▁Ron ▁Sa ue y , ▁the ▁International ▁C rane ▁Foundation ▁in ▁Bar ab oo , ▁Wisconsin . ▁He ▁was ▁director ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Currently ▁he ▁heads ▁a ▁World ▁Conserv ation ▁Union ▁commission ▁on ▁c rane ▁surv ival . ▁Fort y ▁years ▁later , ▁the ▁world ' s ▁c ran es ▁are ▁still ▁in ▁a ▁per il ous ▁situation . ▁ ▁Arch ib ald ▁pione ered ▁several ▁techniques ▁to ▁rear ▁c ran es ▁in ▁capt ivity , ▁including ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁c rane ▁cost umes ▁by ▁human ▁handlers . ▁ ▁Arch ib ald ▁spent ▁three ▁years ▁with ▁a ▁highly ▁end anger ed ▁who op ing ▁c rane ▁named ▁Tex , ▁acting ▁as ▁a ▁male ▁c rane ▁– ▁walking , ▁calling , ▁dan cing ▁– ▁to |
▁shift ▁her ▁into ▁re product ive ▁condition . ▁ ▁Through ▁his ▁dedic ation ▁and ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁artificial ▁ins em ination , ▁Tex ▁eventually ▁laid ▁a ▁fert ile ▁egg . ▁ ▁As ▁Arch ib ald ▁rec ount ed ▁the ▁tale ▁on ▁The ▁Ton ight ▁Show ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁he ▁st unn ed ▁the ▁audience ▁and ▁host ▁Johnny ▁Car son ▁with ▁the ▁sad ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁story ▁– ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁Tex ▁shortly ▁after ▁the ▁h atch ing ▁of ▁her ▁one ▁and ▁only ▁ch ick . ▁His ▁work ▁inspired ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁children ' s ▁book ▁Dan cing ▁with ▁Tex : ▁The ▁Rem ark able ▁Friend ship ▁to ▁Save ▁the ▁Who op ing ▁C ran es ▁by ▁Lyn n ▁Sand ers . ▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁protect ▁the ▁waters h eds ▁and ▁grass lands ▁where ▁c ran es ▁live ▁and ▁to ▁help ▁increase ▁mig rat ory ▁flight ▁paths , ▁Arch ib ald ▁has ▁visited ▁remote ▁areas , ▁including ▁parts ▁of ▁Afghan istan , ▁Cuba , ▁India , ▁Russia ▁and ▁the ▁Korean ▁Dem il itar ized ▁Zone . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁Arch ib ald ▁was ▁awarded ▁a ▁Mac Ar thur ▁F ell ows ▁Program ▁grant ▁for ▁his ▁work ▁with ▁c ran es . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁he ▁was ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁UN ' s ▁Global ▁ 5 0 0 ▁Roll ▁of ▁Hon our . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁he ▁was ▁made ▁a ▁Member ▁of ▁the |
▁Order ▁of ▁Canada . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : American ▁orn ith olog ists ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁exp atri ate ▁academ ics ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁orn ith olog ists ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁people ▁of ▁Scottish ▁descent ▁Category : C orn ell ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : D al h ous ie ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Mac Ar thur ▁F ell ows ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁New ▁Glasgow , ▁Nova ▁Scot ia ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Bar ab oo , ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Canada <0x0A> </s> ▁W ake ▁Up ! ▁W ake ▁Up ! ▁W ake ▁Up ! ▁is ▁an ▁album ▁that ▁was ▁released ▁by ▁The ▁P ill ows ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁" W ake ▁up ! ▁D odo " ▁ ▁" You ng ster ▁( K ent ▁Ar row )" ▁ ▁" Pro pose " ▁( プ ロ ポ ー ズ ) ▁ ▁" Sc are c row " ▁( ス ケ ア ク ロ ウ ) ▁ ▁" Bo at ▁House " ▁ ▁" The ▁Ple asure ▁Song " ▁( プ レ ジ ャ ー ・ ソ ン グ ) ▁ ▁" Ser ious ▁Plan " ▁( シ リ ア ス ・ プ ラ ン ) ▁ ▁" S kin ny ▁Blues " |
▁ ▁" Private ▁Kingdom " ▁( プ ラ イ ベ ー ト ・ キ ン グ ダ ム ) ▁ ▁" Cent ury ▁C ree pers ▁( V o ice ▁of ▁the ▁Prote us )" ▁ ▁" S weet ▁Bag gy ▁Days " ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : The ▁P ill ows ▁albums ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Over ▁the ▁H edge ▁is ▁a ▁synd ic ated ▁com ic ▁strip ▁written ▁by ▁Michael ▁F ry ▁and ▁drawn ▁by ▁T . ▁Lewis . ▁It ▁tells ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁a ▁racc oon , ▁a ▁t urt le , ▁a ▁squ ir rel , ▁and ▁their ▁friends ▁who ▁come ▁to ▁terms ▁with ▁their ▁wood lands ▁being ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁sub urb ia , ▁trying ▁to ▁surv ive ▁the ▁increasing ▁flow ▁of ▁human ity ▁and ▁technology ▁while ▁becoming ▁ent iced ▁by ▁it ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time . ▁The ▁strip ▁deb uted ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁Main ▁characters ▁ ▁R J ▁R J ▁is ▁a ▁racc oon ▁con ▁artist . ▁He ▁takes ▁pride ▁in ▁being ▁extremely ▁a path etic . ▁He ▁apparently ▁en vis ions ▁himself ▁as ▁an ▁intellectual ; ▁however , ▁his ▁" fact s " ▁are ▁obviously ▁false . ▁He ▁is ▁sometimes ▁shown ▁without ▁a ▁brain , ▁using ▁his ▁brain ▁cav ity ▁to ▁store ▁his ▁" h ank y " ▁and ▁breath ▁m ints . ▁He ▁lov es ▁to ▁burg le ▁human ▁homes ▁for ▁food , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁watch ▁them ▁and ▁their ▁televis ions ▁through ▁the |
▁windows . ▁He ▁enjo ys ▁comment ing ▁on ▁human ▁life , ▁and ▁has ▁studied ▁humans ▁and ▁knows ▁their ▁ways ▁of ▁getting ▁food , ▁and ▁even ▁has ▁slightly ▁im print ed ▁on ▁them . ▁▁ ▁He ▁was ▁shown ▁to ▁care ▁for ▁Clara ▁even ▁before ▁she ▁was ▁born ▁( after ▁he ▁learned ▁that ▁b ab ies ▁can ▁hear ▁some ▁things ▁outside ▁of ▁the ▁mother ▁from ▁Ver ne ) ▁by ▁reading ▁The ▁H unch back ▁of ▁Notre ▁D ame ▁and ▁singing ▁a ▁hor rible ▁version ▁of ▁" St air way ▁to ▁Heaven ". ▁R J ▁is ▁shown ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁expand ▁to ▁fit ▁a ▁massive ▁amount ▁of ▁food , ▁and ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁" that ▁hor rible ▁racc oon ▁kid " ▁on ▁Hall owe en . ▁His ▁favorite ▁food ▁is ▁Tw ink ies . ▁ ▁Ver ne ▁ ▁Ver ne ▁is ▁a ▁c aut ious , ▁easy ▁going , ▁la ct ose ▁ab hor rent ▁t urt le ▁who ▁is ▁reflect ive ▁and ▁pr one ▁to ▁all erg ies . ▁Ver ne ▁is ▁a ▁true ▁r ena issance ▁t urt le , ▁an ▁intellig ent ▁and ▁quick ▁w itted ▁observer ▁with ▁a ▁deep ▁spiritual ▁side ▁and ▁a ▁t ing ling ▁feeling ▁in ▁his ▁tail ▁when ▁something ▁is ▁not ▁right . ▁He ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁car ing ▁characters ▁( second ▁to ▁" The ▁Tree ▁That ▁Kn ows ▁St uff "), ▁but ▁he ▁sometimes ▁la cks ▁basic ▁common ▁sense . ▁▁ ▁His ▁proud est ▁achiev ement ▁is ▁gather ing ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁air ▁condition |
ers ▁out ▁of ▁Sub urb ia , ▁and ▁shout ing , ▁" LE T ▁THE ▁G LOB AL ▁CO OL ING ▁CO MM EN CE !!! ", ▁just ▁as ▁R J ▁was ▁about ▁to ▁plug ▁them ▁all ▁in . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁computer ▁n erd , ▁and ▁he ▁once ▁" bro ke " ▁the ▁Internet . ▁Most ▁recently ▁his ▁shell ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁hot spot ▁for ▁Queen ▁Iz zy , ▁the ▁Ant ▁Queen , ▁and ▁her ▁ant ▁subjects , ▁forcing ▁him ▁to ▁first ▁wear ▁a ▁L ucky ▁Char ms ▁c ere al ▁box , ▁and ▁then ▁a ▁util i ▁k ilt . ▁ ▁Ham my ▁ ▁A ▁hyper active ▁squ ir rel , ▁Ham my ▁is ▁the ▁least ▁intellig ent , ▁though ▁also ▁the ▁most ▁lov able ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁strip , ▁sp out ing ▁random ▁comments ▁at ▁random ▁moments . ▁His ▁comments ▁usually ▁state ▁an ▁unus ually ▁short ▁lecture ▁on ▁a ▁topic ▁of ▁little ▁interest ▁to ▁the ▁other ▁characters . ▁ ▁The ▁character ▁started ▁the ▁strip ▁as ▁" H am my ". ▁He ▁was ▁later ▁renamed ▁as ▁" Sam my ", ▁a ▁continu ity ▁error ▁that ▁was ▁assigned ▁a ▁f anc iful ▁explanation ▁when ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁in ▁production . ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁character ▁sw apped ▁places ▁with ▁his ▁duplicate , ▁also ▁named ▁" H am my ," ▁from ▁the ▁other ▁side ▁of ▁a ▁mirror . ▁R J ▁has ▁addressed ▁the ▁character ▁as ▁" H amilton ". ▁ ▁Film ▁adaptation ▁ ▁A ▁computer - anim |
ated ▁film ▁adaptation , ▁written ▁by ▁Tra vis ▁Gib b ons ▁and ▁T . ▁Lewis , ▁and ▁produced ▁by ▁Dream Work s ▁An imation ▁and ▁distributed ▁by ▁Param ount ▁Pictures , ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁( J une ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁Britain ). ▁The ▁film ▁adaptation ▁features ▁R J ▁be fri ending ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁wood land ers ▁( two ▁of ▁whom ▁are ▁Ham my ▁and ▁Ver ne ) ▁and ▁introdu cing ▁them ▁to ▁sub urb ia , ▁with ▁an ▁ul terior ▁mot ive ▁of ▁helping ▁him ▁re pl en ish ▁the ▁food ▁supply ▁he ▁st ole ▁from ▁a ▁bear . ▁▁ ▁Bruce ▁Will is , ▁Gar ry ▁Sh and ling , ▁Steve ▁Care ll , ▁William ▁Sh at ner , ▁W anda ▁Sy kes ▁and ▁Nick ▁N ol te ▁star ▁as ▁R J , ▁Ver ne , ▁Ham my , ▁O z zie ▁( an ▁op os sum ), ▁St ella ▁( a ▁sk unk ), ▁Lou ▁and ▁Pen ny ▁( por cup ines ) ▁and ▁Vincent ▁( a ▁bear ), ▁respectively . ▁The ▁film ▁is ▁also ▁notable ▁for ▁containing ▁Av ril ▁L avig ne ' s ▁first ▁major ▁film ▁role , ▁as ▁He ather , ▁O z zie ' s ▁continu ously ▁embar rass ed ▁te en age ▁daughter . ▁▁ ▁The ▁film ▁gross ed ▁$ 1 5 5 ▁million ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁$ 1 8 0 ▁million ▁over se as , ▁making |
▁the ▁gross ▁$ 3 3 6 ▁million . ▁It ▁received ▁a ▁ 7 5 % ▁" Cert ified ▁F resh " ▁rating ▁on ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes , ▁a ▁ 6 . 8 ▁rating ▁on ▁IM DB , ▁and ▁a ▁ 6 7 / 1 0 0 ▁on ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁indicating ▁fav ou rable ▁reviews . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Over ▁the ▁H edge ▁blog ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁com ics ▁deb uts ▁Category : American ▁com ic ▁stri ps ▁Category : American ▁com ics ▁adapted ▁into ▁films ▁Category : Com ics ▁about ▁animals ▁Category : Com ics ▁featuring ▁anth rop omorphic ▁characters <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁John ▁S aw rey ▁Mor ritt ▁( c . ▁ 1 8 1 3 ▁– ▁ 1 3 ▁April ▁ 1 8 7 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁Conserv ative ▁Party ▁politician ▁from ▁Ro ke by , ▁which ▁was ▁then ▁in ▁York shire ▁but ▁is ▁now ▁in ▁County ▁Dur ham . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁a ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁( MP ) ▁for ▁the ▁North ▁R iding ▁of ▁York shire ▁at ▁a ▁by - e lection ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 8 6 2 , ▁following ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁the ▁Liberal ▁MP ▁Edward ▁St illing f le et ▁C ay ley . ▁He ▁held ▁the ▁seat ▁until ▁the ▁ 1 8 6 5 ▁general ▁election , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁defeated ▁by ▁the ▁Liberal ▁Frederick ▁Mil bank . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 1 0 s ▁birth |
s ▁Category : 1 8 7 4 ▁death s ▁Category : Con serv ative ▁Party ▁( UK ) ▁MP s ▁for ▁English ▁constitu encies ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 8 5 9 – 1 8 6 5 ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁York shire <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Stephen ▁C . ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁O ' D ome , ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 0 , 1 3 3 - se at ▁multi - pur pose ▁ar ena ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Florida ▁campus ▁in ▁G aines ville , ▁Florida . ▁The ▁facility ▁is ▁named ▁for ▁the ▁sixth ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁university , ▁Stephen ▁C . ▁O ' Con nell , ▁who ▁served ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁facility ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁northern ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁university ' s ▁campus , ▁between ▁its ▁football ▁field , ▁Ben ▁Hill ▁Griff in ▁Stadium ▁at ▁Florida ▁Field , ▁and ▁its ▁baseball ▁field , ▁McK eth an ▁Stadium . ▁ ▁The ▁entire ▁facility ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁The ▁building ▁under w ent ▁a ▁major ▁$ 6 4 . 5 ▁million ▁renov ation ▁/ ▁reconst ruction ▁during ▁that ▁year , ▁and ▁Ex act ech , ▁a ▁G aines ville ▁medical ▁firm , ▁signed ▁a ▁$ 5 . 9 ▁million , ▁ 1 0 - year ▁naming ▁rights ▁deal ▁for ▁the |
▁main ▁ar ena , ▁which ▁was ▁officially ▁renamed ▁the ▁Ex act ech ▁Arena ▁at ▁the ▁Stephen ▁C . ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center . ▁ ▁Florida ▁G ators ▁home ▁ar ena ▁The ▁Ex act ech ▁Arena ▁at ▁the ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁is ▁the ▁home ▁ar ena ▁of ▁several ▁of ▁the ▁university ' s ▁Florida ▁G ators ▁inter col leg iate ▁sports ▁teams , ▁including ▁the ▁men ' s ▁and ▁women ' s ▁college ▁basketball , ▁g ymn ast ics , ▁sw imming ▁and ▁div ing , ▁and ▁vol ley ball ▁teams . ▁ ▁The ▁facility ▁was ▁quickly ▁dub bed ▁the ▁" O ' D ome " ▁by ▁students , ▁a ▁nick name ▁that ▁is ▁still ▁in ▁use . ▁ESP N ▁The ▁Magazine ▁nick named ▁it ▁the ▁" H ouse ▁of ▁Hor ror s " ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁a ▁name ▁that ▁the ▁sports ▁teams ▁began ▁using ▁promotion ally ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁later . ▁The ▁student ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁stad ium ▁has ▁been ▁dub bed ▁the ▁" Row dy ▁Re pt iles ". ▁ESP N ▁comment ator ▁Dick ▁Vit ale , ▁on ▁assignment ▁at ▁the ▁Florida - K ent ucky ▁game ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁Row dy ▁Re pt iles ▁make ▁the ▁O ' D ome ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁t ough est ▁places ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁college ▁basketball . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁a ▁then - record ▁crowd ▁of ▁ 1 2 , 6 |
2 1 ▁watched ▁the ▁fifth - rank ed ▁G ators ▁defeat ▁the ▁third - rank ed ▁Ohio ▁State ▁Buck ey es , ▁ 8 6 – 6 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁teams ▁would ▁meet ▁again ▁that ▁season ▁for ▁the ▁National ▁Championship ▁game , ▁with ▁the ▁G ators , ▁once ▁again , ▁emer ging ▁vict orious ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁back - to - back ▁National ▁Champions ▁since ▁Duke ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁This ▁attend ance ▁record ▁was ▁broken , ▁however , ▁on ▁February ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁in ▁a ▁ 7 0 – 6 8 ▁G ator ▁victory ▁over ▁the ▁ 1 1 th - rank ed ▁Kentucky ▁Wild c ats , ▁as ▁ 1 2 , 6 3 3 ▁attended ▁the ▁game . ▁ ▁Other ▁uses ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁sports , ▁the ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁regularly ▁hosts ▁many ▁other ▁events ▁on ▁campus . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁concert ▁ven ue ▁in ▁North ▁Central ▁Florida ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁the ▁ven ue ▁for ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁performances , ▁included ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁show ▁by ▁G aines ville ▁native ▁Tom ▁Pet ty ▁that ▁a ired ▁on ▁P BS ' s ▁Sound stage ▁TV ▁series . ▁Other ▁events ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁facility ▁include ▁University ▁of ▁Florida ▁gradu ation ▁cer emon ies , ▁trade ▁shows , ▁career ▁fair s , ▁political ▁r al lies , ▁public ▁speech es , ▁and ▁various ▁large ▁ban qu ets ▁and ▁private ▁events . ▁ ▁Event |
▁Cap ac ities ▁ ▁Con cert s : ▁ ▁Full ▁House : ▁ 7 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Round : ▁ 1 0 , 5 0 0 ▁ ▁Spe aking ▁Eng ag ements : ▁ ▁Half ▁House ▁( standard ▁set ): ▁ 2 , 5 0 0 - 3 , 5 0 0 ▁ ▁Full ▁House : ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 - 7 , 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Athletics : ▁ ▁Men ’ s ▁Basketball : ▁ 1 0 , 1 3 6 ▁ ▁Women ’ s ▁Basketball : ▁ 1 0 , 1 3 6 ▁ ▁Vol ley ball : ▁ 1 0 , 1 3 6 ▁ ▁G ymn ast ics : ▁ 9 , 2 5 1 ▁ ▁Ban qu ets : ▁ ▁Up ▁to ▁ 1 , 2 0 0 ▁ ▁Trade ▁Sh ows : ▁ ▁Service ▁Level : ▁ 1 1 0 ▁ ▁( 8 ft ▁X ▁ 1 0 ft ▁bo oth s ) ▁ ▁Con course ▁Level ▁( non - A ren a ): ▁ 1 4 0 ▁( 8 ft ▁X ▁ 1 0 ft ▁bo oth s ) ▁ ▁Total ▁Ex hib ition ▁Bo oth s : ▁ 2 5 0 ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁All ig ator ▁Al ley ▁Before ▁the ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Florida ' s ▁basketball ▁teams ▁and ▁other ▁ind oor ▁sports ▁programs ▁used ▁the ▁on - camp us ▁Florida ▁G ymnasium , ▁which ▁was ▁nick named |
▁All ig ator ▁Al ley . ▁The ▁Florida ▁G ym ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁considered ▁a ▁difficult ▁ven ue ▁for ▁oppon ents ▁because ▁the ▁se ating ▁was ▁very ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁court ▁and , ▁when ▁full , ▁the ▁noise ▁level ▁was ▁" de af ening ". ▁However , ▁it ▁was ▁also ▁small , ▁un - air ▁condition ed , ▁and ▁had ▁very ▁few ▁amen ities , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁compared ▁to ▁a ▁" d ism al ▁and ▁dre ary " ▁high ▁school ▁g ym ▁by ▁obser vers . ▁By ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁Florida ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁school ▁in ▁the ▁S out he astern ▁Conference ▁without ▁a ▁modern ▁basketball ▁facility , ▁a ▁factor ▁that ▁affected ▁the ▁rec ruit ing ▁of ▁top ▁players ▁and ▁held ▁back ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁its ▁long - medi oc re ▁basketball ▁program . ▁ ▁U F ▁/ ▁US F ▁collaboration ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Florida ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁decided ▁to ▁seek ▁funds ▁to ▁build ▁a ▁new ▁facility ▁for ▁U F ' s ▁ind oor ▁sports ▁programs . ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁South ▁Florida ▁( US F ) ▁in ▁T ampa ▁had ▁also ▁decided ▁to ▁build ▁a ▁large ▁ind oor ▁ar ena ▁at ▁about ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁so ▁the ▁schools ▁agreed ▁to ▁commission ▁a ▁common ▁architect ural ▁design ▁to ▁stretch ▁limited ▁state ▁fund ing . ▁As ▁originally ▁constructed , ▁US F ' s ▁Sun ▁D ome ▁( now ▁known ▁as ▁the |
▁Yu eng ling ▁Center ) ▁and ▁U F ' s ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁featured ▁almost ▁identical ▁infl atable ▁roof ▁systems ▁and ▁main ▁aren as . ▁The ▁primary ▁difference ▁was ▁that ▁the ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁included ▁training ▁areas ▁and ▁facilities ▁for ▁other ▁sports ▁around ▁the ▁main ▁ar ena ▁while ▁US F ▁added ▁these ▁facilities ▁to ▁the ▁Sun ▁D ome ▁in ▁a ▁later ▁expansion . ▁ ▁The ▁$ 1 5 . 6 ▁million ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁broke ▁ground ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁in ▁a ▁par king ▁lot ▁across ▁the ▁street ▁from ▁Florida ▁Field . ▁Const ruction ▁was ▁delayed ▁on ▁both ▁the ▁Sun ▁D ome ▁and ▁the ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁when ▁cra cks ▁appeared ▁in ▁pre cast ▁concrete ▁support ▁be ams . ▁The ▁problems ▁were ▁fixed ▁after ▁several ▁months , ▁and ▁the ▁sister ▁facilities ▁were ▁completed ▁within ▁a ▁few ▁weeks ▁of ▁each ▁other ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁– ▁the ▁Sun ▁D ome ▁in ▁November ▁and ▁the ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁in ▁December . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁Stephen ▁C . ▁O ' Con nell ▁Student ▁Activ ities ▁Center ▁( as ▁it ▁was ▁originally ▁known ) ▁was ▁a ▁Florida ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁game ▁held ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁It ▁was ▁officially ▁dedicated ▁a ▁few ▁weeks ▁later ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁ ▁Effect ▁on ▁basketball ▁program ▁The ▁new ▁ar ena ▁had ▁an ▁immediate ▁positive ▁effect ▁on ▁Florida ' |
s ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁program , ▁and ▁its ▁first ▁rec ruit ▁was ▁former ▁coach ▁Norm ▁Slo an . ▁Slo an ▁had ▁been ▁Florida ' s ▁coach ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁but ▁had ▁left ▁for ▁North ▁Carolina ▁State , ▁winning ▁a ▁national ▁championship ▁with ▁the ▁Wolf pack ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁Florida ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁and ▁was ▁thus ▁the ▁G ators ' ▁coach ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁new ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center . ▁Slo an ▁explained ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁" en jo yed ▁it ▁trem end ously ▁when ▁I ▁was ▁here ▁before , ▁and ▁I ▁always ▁felt ▁that ▁if ▁Florida ▁had ▁the ▁proper ▁facility , ▁I ▁would ▁consider ▁coming ▁back ." ▁Play ing ▁in ▁their ▁new ▁ar ena ▁under ▁Slo an , ▁the ▁G ators ▁consist ently ▁improved ▁and ▁eventually ▁made ▁their ▁first ▁NCAA ▁Tournament ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁setting ▁the ▁stage ▁for ▁greater ▁success ▁under ▁subsequent ▁coach es ▁in ▁the ▁years ▁to ▁come . ▁ ▁Design ▁and ▁renov ations ▁The ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁was ▁en vision ed ▁as ▁a ▁competition ▁and ▁practice ▁facility ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁university ' s ▁ind oor ▁sports ▁programs , ▁and ▁this ▁has ▁been ▁the ▁case ▁throughout ▁its ▁existence . ▁The ▁large ▁() ▁Ex act ech ▁Arena ▁is ▁the ▁core ▁of ▁the ▁building , ▁and ▁is ▁surrounded ▁by ▁a ▁basketball ▁practice ▁court , ▁a ▁nat ator ium , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁g ymn ast ics |
▁practice ▁facilities . ▁ ▁Original ▁roof ▁When ▁it ▁first ▁opened , ▁the ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁had ▁an ▁infl atable ▁T ef lon ▁roof ▁and ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁blow ers ▁and ▁air ▁handlers ▁that ▁kept ▁the ▁inside ▁air ▁pressure ▁high ▁enough ▁to ▁hold ▁the ▁flexible ▁roof ▁in ▁place . ▁This ▁higher ▁air ▁pressure ▁was ▁not ▁notice able ▁inside ▁of ▁the ▁facility , ▁but ▁opening ▁a ▁door ▁to ▁the ▁outside ▁would ▁result ▁in ▁a ▁r ush ▁of ▁air ▁esc aping ▁the ▁building , ▁so ▁revol ving ▁doors ▁were ▁installed ▁at ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁main ▁gates ▁to ▁less en ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁pressure ▁as ▁thousands ▁of ▁fans ▁entered ▁or ▁ex ited . ▁Main ten ance ▁costs ▁for ▁the ▁infl ation ▁system ▁rose ▁over ▁the ▁years , ▁and ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁$ 1 0 ▁million ▁renov ation ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁the ▁roof ▁was ▁replaced ▁with ▁a ▁more ▁conventional ▁hard ▁shell ▁d ome . ▁Though ▁no ▁longer ▁in ▁use , ▁the ▁old ▁blow ers ▁and ▁du ct ▁work ▁for ▁the ▁infl ation ▁system ▁remained ▁in ▁place ▁until ▁the ▁facility ▁was ▁extens ively ▁renov ated ▁again ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Minor ▁renov ations ▁After ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁red es ign ▁of ▁the ▁roof , ▁the ▁facility ▁under w ent ▁a ▁smaller ▁renov ation ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁when ▁the ▁university ▁updated ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁fol d - able ▁se ating ▁and ▁replaced ▁the ▁four ▁score boards ▁located ▁above ▁G ates ▁ |
1 ▁through ▁ 4 ▁in ▁each ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁ar ena . ▁The ▁old ▁dot ▁matrix ▁bo ards ▁were ▁removed ▁and ▁replaced ▁by ▁modern ▁video ▁bo ards ▁that ▁could ▁display ▁instant ▁re plays ▁and ▁video ▁present ations . ▁Following ▁the ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁team ' s ▁victory ▁in ▁the ▁national ▁title ▁game ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁Men ' s ▁Basketball ▁Tournament , ▁the ▁University ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁( U AA ) ▁bought ▁the ▁temporary ▁hard wood ▁floor ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁installed ▁in ▁the ▁now - dem ol ished ▁Indian apolis ▁R CA ▁D ome ▁for ▁the ▁Final ▁Four . ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁national ▁final s ▁log os ▁were ▁removed ▁by ▁sand ing , ▁the ▁basketball ▁teams ▁play ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁l umber ▁on ▁which ▁the ▁G ators ▁won ▁their ▁first ▁basketball ▁national ▁championship ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁U AA ▁also ▁bought ▁the ▁court ▁used ▁to ▁win ▁their ▁second ▁title ▁from ▁the ▁Georgia ▁D ome ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁and ▁displayed ▁it ▁in ▁the ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁during ▁their ▁championship ▁celebr ation ▁event , ▁and ▁later ▁sold ▁it ▁in ▁pieces ▁to ▁raise ▁funds ▁for ▁scholar ships . ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁re build ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁began ▁a ▁$ 6 4 . 5 ▁million ▁reconst ruction ▁/ ▁renov ation ▁project ▁which ▁included ▁major ▁updates ▁to ▁its ▁layout ▁and ▁design |
. ▁Led ▁by ▁contract ors ▁from ▁Bras field ▁& ▁Gor rie , ▁the ▁entire ▁interior ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁ar ena , ▁ex cluding ▁foundation ▁work , ▁was ▁demol ished ▁and ▁re built ▁with ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁h anging ▁score board ▁and ▁a ▁lux ury ▁club ▁with ▁box ▁seats . ▁L ocker ▁rooms ▁and ▁meeting ▁rooms ▁were ▁upgrad ed , ▁sw imming ▁and ▁g ymn ast ics ▁areas ▁were ▁rev amp ed , ▁and ▁a ▁" grand ▁entrance " ▁was ▁built ▁facing ▁Ben ▁Hill ▁Griff in ▁Stadium ▁across ▁the ▁street , ▁among ▁many ▁other ▁improvements . ▁When ▁it ▁re open ed ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁a ▁naming ▁rights ▁deal ▁with ▁local ▁medical ▁firm ▁Ex act ech ▁changed ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁ar ena ▁to ▁the ▁Ex act ech ▁Arena ▁at ▁the ▁Stephen ▁C . ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center . ▁ ▁Ph oto ▁gallery ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Florida ▁G ators ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Florida ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁University ▁of ▁Florida ▁buildings ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁University ▁of ▁Florida ▁pres idents ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁basketball ▁aren as ▁ ▁University ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Stephen ▁C . ▁O ' Con nell ▁Center ▁In - depth ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁ar ena ▁from ▁the ▁official ▁Florida ▁G ators ▁website . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Florida ▁Category : B asketball ▁ven ues ▁in ▁Florida ▁Category : Build ings ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of |
▁Florida ▁Category : Col lege ▁basketball ▁ven ues ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Col lege ▁g ymn ast ics ▁ven ues ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Col lege ▁ind oor ▁track ▁and ▁field ▁ven ues ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Col lege ▁sw imming ▁ven ues ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Col lege ▁vol ley ball ▁ven ues ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : F lor ida ▁G ators ▁basketball ▁ven ues ▁Category : F lor ida ▁G ators ▁women ' s ▁g ymn ast ics ▁ven ues ▁Category : F lor ida ▁G ators ▁sw imming ▁and ▁div ing ▁Category : F lor ida ▁G ators ▁track ▁and ▁field ▁ven ues ▁Category : F lor ida ▁G ators ▁women ' s ▁vol ley ball ▁Category : Music ▁ven ues ▁in ▁Florida ▁Category : S ports ▁ven ues ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁Category : S ports ▁ven ues ▁in ▁Florida ▁Category : T our ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁G aines ville , ▁Florida <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 8 – 2 0 0 9 ▁T FF ▁First ▁League ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁Bank ▁As ya ▁First ▁League ▁due ▁to ▁spons oring ▁reasons ) ▁was ▁the ▁second - level ▁football ▁league ▁of ▁Turkey ▁and ▁the ▁ 4 6 th ▁season ▁since ▁its ▁establishment ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 – 6 4 . ▁ ▁Teams ▁ ▁Team ▁summar ies ▁ ▁Stand ings ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Prom otion ▁Play - Off s ▁ ▁The ▁Prom otion |
▁Play - Off s ▁will ▁be ▁played ▁in ▁Y en ik ent ▁As a ş ▁Stadium ▁in ▁An k ara . ▁The ▁Sem i - final ▁matches ▁will ▁take ▁place ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 5 . ▁The ▁League ' s ▁third - pla ced ▁team ▁will ▁play ▁the ▁sixth - pla ced ▁team ▁and ▁the ▁fourth - pla ced ▁team ▁will ▁play ▁the ▁fifth - pla ced ▁team . ▁The ▁w inners ▁of ▁these ▁matches ▁will ▁play ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 7 ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁match . ▁The ▁winner ▁of ▁this ▁match ▁will ▁play ▁in ▁Turk cell ▁Super ▁League ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 – 2 0 1 0 ▁season . ▁ ▁Sem if inals ▁ ▁May ▁ 1 5 ▁ ▁Bol us por - Kar ş ı y aka : ▁ 0 – 0 , ▁a et , ▁Kar ş ı y aka ▁won ▁ 3 – 2 ▁on ▁pen alt ies ▁ ▁Kas ı mp a ş a - Alt ay : ▁ 1 – 1 , ▁a et , ▁Kas ı mp a ş a ▁won ▁ 4 – 2 ▁on ▁pen alt ies ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁May ▁ 1 7 ▁ ▁Kar ş ı y aka ▁– ▁Kas ı mp a ş a : ▁▁ 1 – 2 ▁( a et ) ▁ ▁Kas ı mp a ş a ▁promoted ▁to ▁Turk cell ▁Super ▁League . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : T FF ▁First ▁League ▁seasons ▁Turkey ▁ 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁Kas oor ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ |
2 0 0 1 ▁Indian ▁H indi ▁rom antic ▁susp ense ▁thr iller ▁film ▁produced ▁under ▁M uk esh ▁Bh att ' s ▁V ish esh ▁Entertainment ▁Ltd . ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁Vik ram ▁Bh att . ▁It ▁features ▁A ft ab ▁Sh iv das ani ▁in ▁his ▁second ▁Bol lywood ▁appearance ▁and ▁Lisa ▁Ray ▁in ▁her ▁Bol lywood ▁debut . ▁Ray ' s ▁voice ▁was ▁dub bed ▁by ▁Div ya ▁D ut ta . ▁The ▁film ▁also ▁stars ▁A po or va ▁Ag ni hot ri , ▁Ir rf an ▁Khan ▁and ▁Ash ut osh ▁R ana ▁in ▁supporting ▁roles . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 2 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁The ▁film ▁is ▁an ▁uno fficial ▁re make ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁Hollywood ▁film ▁Jag ged ▁Edge ▁ ▁but ▁the ▁last ▁sequence ▁has ▁been ▁taken ▁from ▁another ▁Hollywood ▁movie ▁ ▁What ▁L ies ▁B ene ath . ▁ ▁Plot ▁The ▁film ▁starts ▁with ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁P rit i , ▁wife ▁of ▁She k har ▁( A ft ab ▁Sh iv das ani ), ▁a ▁wealth y ▁and ▁well - known ▁journalist . ▁Ins pect or ▁Lok h ande ▁( A sh ut osh ▁R ana ) ▁investig ates ▁the ▁case ▁and ▁acc uses ▁She k har ▁of ▁the ▁murder , ▁saying ▁he ▁has ▁enough ▁evidence ▁to ▁arrest ▁and ▁conv ict ▁him . ▁However ▁upon ▁getting ▁b ail ▁from ▁the ▁court , ▁She k har ▁asks ▁his ▁lawyer ▁to ▁fight ▁his ▁case ▁for ▁him ▁however |
▁his ▁ ▁lawyer ▁tells ▁him ▁that ▁he ▁will ▁not ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁fight ▁his ▁case ▁because ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁corpor ate ▁lawyer ▁and ▁only ▁f ights ▁civil ▁cases . ▁He ▁suggests ▁She k har ▁to ▁ask ▁ ▁Sim ran ▁Bh arg av ▁( L isa ▁Ray ), ▁who ▁is ▁a ▁very ▁sk illed ▁criminal ▁lawyer ▁in ▁his ▁firm ▁to ▁fight ▁his ▁case . ▁ ▁She k har ▁goes ▁to ▁Sim ran ' s ▁house ▁to ▁conv ince ▁her ▁to ▁take ▁his ▁case . ▁Sim ran ▁tells ▁She k har ▁that ▁she ' ll ▁defend ▁him ▁only ▁if ▁she ▁is ▁convinced ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁innoc ent . ▁Sim ran ▁is ▁batt ling ▁inner ▁dem ons ▁over ▁a ▁case ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁got ▁a ▁man ▁conv icted ▁for ▁crime ▁he ▁had ▁not ▁committed . ▁Her ▁gu ilt ▁increases ▁when ▁she ▁lear ns ▁that ▁the ▁innoc ent ▁man ▁had ▁committed ▁suic ide ▁in ▁cust ody . ▁ ▁While ▁representing ▁She k har , ▁whom ▁she ▁cons iders ▁innoc ent , ▁Sim ran ▁falls ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁him – ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁She k har ' s ▁plan ▁to ▁win ▁her ▁trust . ▁They ▁end ▁up ▁having ▁int imate , ▁passion ate ▁and ▁sens ual ▁sex . ▁Through out ▁the ▁case ▁a ▁myster ious ▁man ▁sends ▁cl ues ▁to ▁Sim ran ▁which ▁helps ▁her ▁prove ▁She k har ' s ▁innoc ence . ▁It ▁is ▁revealed ▁that ▁She k har ▁was ▁having ▁an ▁affair ▁with ▁another ▁woman ▁and ▁so ▁was ▁his ▁wife ▁P rit i ▁having |
▁an ▁affair ▁with ▁Jimmy ▁Par ena . ▁When ▁Sim ran ▁comes ▁to ▁know ▁this ▁she ▁is ▁heart bro ken ▁and ▁dec ides ▁to ▁leave ▁the ▁case ▁but ▁Am it ▁( A pur va ▁Ag ni hot ri ) ▁tells ▁her ▁to ▁keep ▁fighting ▁the ▁case . ▁After ▁the ▁court ▁decl ares ▁She k har ▁innoc ent , ▁Sim ran ▁sp ends ▁the ▁night ▁with ▁She k har ▁at ▁his ▁house . ▁The ▁next ▁morning , ▁while ▁opening ▁his ▁clos et , ▁she ▁finds ▁a ▁type writer ▁hidden ▁between ▁sheets . ▁▁ ▁The ▁type writer ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁one ▁the ▁myster ious ▁man ▁used ▁to ▁write ▁clue ▁letters ▁to ▁Sim ran ▁with ▁earlier . ▁Sim ran ▁real izes ▁this ▁because ▁the ▁typed ▁letters ▁all ▁have ▁a ▁fly away ▁' t ' ▁on ▁them . ▁ ▁Sim ran ▁real izes ▁that ▁She k har ▁is ▁the ▁murder er ▁and ▁the ▁myster ious ▁man ▁who ▁wrote ▁the ▁letters ▁to ▁her . ▁She ▁then ▁contacts ▁Ins pect or ▁Lok h ande ▁about ▁the ▁type writer . ▁He ▁tells ▁her ▁to ▁come ▁to ▁the ▁police ▁station ▁with ▁the ▁type writer . ▁She ▁continu ously ▁ign ores ▁She k har ▁who ▁asks ▁her ▁for ▁dinner . ▁She k har ▁real izes ▁that ▁Sim ran ▁knows ▁the ▁truth . ▁She k har ▁quickly ▁reaches ▁her ▁house ▁and ▁tries ▁to ▁kill ▁her ▁but ▁Sim ran ▁k ills ▁him ▁in ▁self - def ense ▁and ▁recon c iles ▁with ▁Am it . ▁ ▁Cast ▁A ft ab ▁Sh iv das ani |
▁as ▁She k har ▁Sax ena ▁Lisa ▁Ray ▁as ▁Sim ran ▁Bh arg av ▁ ▁Ap ur va ▁Ag ni hot ri ▁as ▁Am it ▁Ash ut osh ▁R ana ▁as ▁Ins pect or ▁Lok h ande ▁Ir rf an ▁Khan ▁as ▁Public ▁Pro sec utor ▁N it in ▁Me ht a ▁V ish w aje et ▁Pr ad han ▁as ▁Jimmy ▁Par era ▁Div ya ▁D ut ta ▁as ▁Pay al ▁Mal hot ra ▁Pr ith vi ▁Z ut sh i ▁as ▁Law yer ▁Such eta ▁Kh anna ▁as ▁Sh al ini ▁Kur ush ▁Deb oo ▁as ▁witness , ▁R ust am ▁S od aw ater w alla , ▁P ush kar ▁D w ived i ▁as ▁ch ot u ▁ ▁Music ▁ ▁The ▁music ▁of ▁Kas oor ▁was ▁composed ▁by ▁N ade em - Sh ra van . ▁The ▁lyr ics ▁were ▁p enn ed ▁by ▁Same er . ▁S inger ▁such ▁as ▁K umar ▁San u , ▁U dit ▁Nar ay an ▁and ▁Al ka ▁Y agn ik ▁l ent ▁their ▁voices ▁for ▁the ▁album . ▁The ▁sound track ▁became ▁very ▁popular ▁upon ▁release . ▁The ▁sound track ▁att ained ▁number ▁ 1 ▁position ▁on ▁the ▁all - time ▁music ▁sales ▁music ▁chart ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁The ▁sound track ▁received ▁a ▁rating ▁of ▁ 8 / 1 0 ▁from ▁Planet ▁Bol lywood . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Re ception ▁The ▁film ▁received ▁mixed ▁reviews ▁from ▁critics . ▁Tar an ▁Ad ar sh ▁of ▁Bol lywood ▁Hung |
ama ▁pra ised ▁the ▁performance ▁of ▁the ▁lead ▁cast ▁saying , ▁" K as oor ▁scores ▁the ▁most ▁in ▁that ▁one ▁important ▁department — ▁performances . ▁Cred it ▁for ▁this ▁must ▁go ▁primarily ▁to ▁the ▁two ▁principal ▁perform ers — ▁A ft ab ▁Sh iv das ani ▁and ▁Lisa ▁Ray — ▁who ▁come ▁up ▁with ▁prof ic ient ▁performances ." ▁A par aj ita ▁Sah a ▁of ▁Red iff . com ▁stated , ▁" this ▁is ▁a ▁film ▁that ▁attempted ▁an ▁intr igu ing ▁prem ise ▁but ▁failed ▁when ▁it ▁didn ' t ▁fully ▁explore ▁that ▁very ▁prem ise ▁and ▁take ▁it ▁to ▁its ▁logical ▁and ▁right ful ▁conclusion ." ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Fil ms ▁scored ▁by ▁N ade em – Sh ra van ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 s ▁H indi - language ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 0 1 ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁Vik ram ▁Bh att ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 s ▁rom antic ▁thr iller ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁court room ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁rem akes ▁of ▁American ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁rom antic ▁thr iller ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁I on ▁Tar anu ▁( born ▁ 1 4 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁Gre co - R oman ▁wrest ler ▁from ▁Roman ia . ▁He ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Olympics ▁and |
▁won ▁a ▁bronze ▁medal ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁He ▁also ▁won ▁a ▁silver ▁medal ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁European ▁Championships ▁Dom est ically ▁he ▁collected ▁ 1 5 ▁Roman ian ▁middle weight ▁titles . ▁ ▁Career ▁Tar anu ▁won ▁his ▁first ▁national ▁title ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁and ▁next ▁year ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁Olympics . ▁His ▁previous ▁international ▁experience ▁consisted ▁of ▁two ▁b outs ▁against ▁Hans ▁Ant ons son , ▁both ▁held ▁in ▁Buch ar est . ▁In ▁Rome ▁he ▁unexpected ly ▁defeated ▁the ▁Turkish ▁world ▁champion ▁Kaz im ▁Ay v az , ▁but ▁lost ▁to ▁Dim itar ▁D obre v ▁and ▁ended ▁in ▁a ▁third ▁place . ▁Next ▁year ▁he ▁placed ▁fourth ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁World ▁Championships ▁after ▁losing ▁to ▁Vas ily ▁Z en in . ▁▁ ▁Tar anu ▁performed ▁well ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁Olympics , ▁having ▁no ▁losses ▁in ▁his ▁four ▁matches , ▁but ▁he ▁accum ulated ▁ 6 ▁penalty ▁points ▁in ▁his ▁draw s ▁against ▁Matt i ▁La ak so ▁and ▁An atol y ▁K oles ov ▁and ▁ended ▁in ▁a ▁fifth ▁place . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁he ▁won ▁a ▁silver ▁medal ▁at ▁the ▁European ▁champion ships , ▁but ▁placed ▁only ▁sixth ▁at ▁the ▁world ▁champion ships ▁held ▁in ▁Buch ar est , ▁after ▁losing ▁to ▁Vik tor ▁Ig umen ov . ▁▁ ▁Tar anu ▁retired ▁from ▁compet itions ▁after ▁finishing ▁fifth ▁at ▁the ▁ |
1 9 6 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁He ▁then ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁National ▁Academy ▁of ▁Phys ical ▁Education ▁and ▁Sport ▁in ▁Buch ar est , ▁def ending ▁a ▁Ph D ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁and ▁eventually ▁becoming ▁a ▁professor ▁there . ▁He ▁also ▁co ached ▁wrest lers ▁at ▁Pro gres ul ▁Buch ar est ▁and ▁Din amo ▁Buch ar est . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁wrest lers ▁of ▁Roman ia ▁Category : W rest lers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : W rest lers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : W rest lers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : R oman ian ▁male ▁sport ▁wrest lers ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁bronze ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Roman ia ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁medal ists ▁in ▁wrest ling <0x0A> </s> ▁Lang don ▁Park ▁is ▁a ▁D ock lands ▁Light ▁Railway ▁( DL R ) ▁station ▁in ▁Pop lar ▁in ▁Gre ater ▁London , ▁England . ▁The ▁station ▁is ▁between ▁All ▁Sain ts ▁and ▁Dev ons ▁Road ▁stations ▁on ▁the ▁Str at ford - L ew ish am ▁Line ▁and ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁station ▁began ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁day ▁of ▁operation ▁was ▁ 9 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁History ▁and ▁propos als ▁ |
▁When ▁planning ▁the ▁Str at ford ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁D ock lands ▁Light ▁Railway , ▁two ▁station ▁sites ▁were ▁saf egu arded ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁much ▁later ▁when ▁the ▁system ▁was ▁developed . ▁One ▁of ▁these ▁stations ▁was ▁P ud ding ▁Mill ▁Lane , ▁which ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁The ▁other ▁station ▁was ▁provision ally ▁called ▁Car men ▁Street . ▁This ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁Lang don ▁Park , ▁following ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁adjacent ▁Lang don ▁Park ▁School ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁local ▁park . ▁ ▁Pro pos als ▁for ▁design ▁of ▁Lang don ▁Park ▁were ▁first ▁drawn ▁up ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁but ▁due ▁to ▁lack ▁of ▁fund ing , ▁amongst ▁other ▁things , ▁the ▁scheme ▁was ▁dropped . ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Le as ide ▁Reg ener ation ▁Limited ▁and ▁D ock lands ▁Light ▁Railway ▁Limited ▁( DL RL ) ▁joint ly ▁fund ed ▁pre lim inary ▁feas ibility ▁work ▁looking ▁at ▁locations , ▁outline ▁costs ▁and ▁D ock lands ▁Light ▁Railway ▁imp lications ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁station ▁between ▁the ▁existing ▁All ▁Sain ts ▁and ▁Dev ons ▁Road ▁D LR ▁stations , ▁which ▁had ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁longest ▁g aps ▁in ▁the ▁D LR ▁network . ▁The ▁research ▁indicated ▁that ▁the ▁best ▁and ▁most ▁practical ▁location ▁would ▁be ▁at ▁the ▁ped est rian ▁bridge ▁linking ▁Car men ▁Street ▁on ▁L ans bury ▁Est ate ▁and ▁Bright ▁Street ▁adjacent ▁to ▁Lang don ▁Park ▁itself . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 |
5 , ▁D L RL ▁re - eng aged ▁consult ants ▁to ▁re ass ess ▁the ▁scheme ▁costs ▁and ▁design ▁with ▁a ▁view ▁to ▁developing ▁the ▁project ▁for ▁a ▁planning ▁application ▁submission . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁successful ▁outcome ▁of ▁a ▁bid ▁for ▁fund ing ▁from ▁the ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁Deput y ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁( O DP M ), ▁the ▁prede cess or ▁department ▁of ▁Commun ities ▁and ▁Local ▁Government , ▁planning ▁permission ▁was ▁applied ▁for ▁and ▁subsequently ▁granted . ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁took ▁just ▁over ▁a ▁year ▁and ▁cost ▁£ 1 0 . 5 ▁million . ▁The ▁Mayor ▁of ▁London ▁pres ided ▁over ▁the ▁station ▁opening ▁ceremony ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁although ▁the ▁station ▁actually ▁came ▁into ▁public ▁use ▁the ▁day ▁before . ▁ ▁Design ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁has ▁ ▁platforms ▁connected ▁by ▁a ▁light weight ▁transparent ▁replacement ▁bridge ▁link ▁from ▁Car men ▁Street ▁and ▁Hay ▁C urr ie ▁Street ▁that ▁were ▁all ▁pre - fab ric ated ▁off - site ▁and ▁lifted ▁into ▁position ▁over ▁two ▁week ends ▁to ▁reduce ▁service ▁dis ruption . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁is ▁fully ▁accessible ▁from ▁street ▁level ▁and ▁the ▁bridge ▁has ▁two ▁lift ▁sh aft s ▁at ▁either ▁end ▁to ▁provide ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁station . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁Cons arc ▁Arch itect s . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁features ▁three ▁art ▁install ations ▁by ▁British ▁artist ▁Kate ▁Davis . ▁These ▁include ▁Who osh , ▁a ▁large ▁word ▁sculpt ure ▁clearly ▁visible ▁from ▁either ▁platform . ▁ |
▁Con ne ctions ▁The ▁station ▁is ▁directly ▁served ▁by ▁London ▁B uses ▁routes ▁ 1 0 8 ▁and ▁indirect ly ▁by ▁the ▁ 3 0 9 . ▁Additionally ▁the ▁ 1 0 8 ▁has ▁a ▁ 2 4 - hour ▁service . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Station ▁Fac ilities : ▁Lang don ▁Park , ▁Transport ▁for ▁London ▁ ▁Lang don ▁Park ▁at ▁D LR ▁Project ▁Archives ▁ ▁Category : D ock lands ▁Light ▁Railway ▁stations ▁in ▁the ▁London ▁Bor ough ▁of ▁Tower ▁Ham lets ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Category : Pop lar , ▁London <0x0A> </s> ▁Princess ▁Th y ra ▁of ▁Den mark ▁( Th y ra ▁Louise ▁Caroline ▁Am al ie ▁August a ▁Elisabeth ; ▁C open hagen , ▁ 1 4 ▁March ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁– ▁C open hagen , ▁ 2 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 5 ) ▁was ▁the ▁sixth ▁child ▁and ▁third ▁daughter ▁of ▁Frederick ▁VIII ▁of ▁Den mark ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Princess ▁Louise ▁of ▁Sweden ▁and ▁Norway . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁her ▁pat ernal ▁a unt , ▁Princess ▁Th y ra ▁of ▁Den mark . ▁ ▁She ▁died ▁un mar ried ▁and ▁without ▁issue . ▁ ▁An c est ry ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁death s ▁Category : H ouse ▁of ▁Gl ück s burg ▁( Den mark ) ▁Category : Dan ish ▁prin cess es ▁Category : D augh |
ters ▁of ▁k ings <0x0A> </s> ▁Car cer ato ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Car cer ato ▁( 1 9 5 1 ▁film ) ▁ ▁Car cer ato ▁( 1 9 8 1 ▁film ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Lu kt vat net ▁is ▁a ▁lake ▁that ▁lies ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁V ef sn ▁in ▁Nord land ▁county , ▁Norway . ▁The ▁ ▁lake ▁lies ▁between ▁the ▁mountains ▁K org f jel let ▁and ▁L uk tt inden , ▁about ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁El sf j ord . ▁ ▁The ▁European ▁route ▁E 0 6 ▁highway ▁passes ▁along ▁the ▁northern ▁shore ▁of ▁the ▁lake . ▁ ▁Name ▁The ▁name ▁is ▁probably ▁from ▁the ▁Southern ▁Sam i ▁language ▁word ▁Lo ek te ja ev rie . ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁comp ound ▁of ▁lo e kt i ▁which ▁means ▁" in let " ▁and ▁j ae v rie ▁which ▁means ▁" la ke ", ▁thus ▁it ▁is ▁" the ▁lake ▁with ▁many ▁in lets ". ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁la kes ▁in ▁Norway ▁ ▁Geography ▁of ▁Norway ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : L akes ▁of ▁Nord land ▁Category : V ef sn <0x0A> </s> ▁Edward ▁Joseph ▁W inc enia k ▁( born ▁April ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 2 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁American ▁professional ▁baseball ▁player ▁and ▁sc out . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁Illinois . ▁An ▁inf iel der , ▁he ▁appeared ▁in ▁ 3 2 ▁games ▁played ▁over ▁parts |
▁of ▁two ▁seasons ▁( 1 9 5 6 – 5 7 ) ▁in ▁Major ▁League ▁Baseball ▁for ▁the ▁Chicago ▁C ubs . ▁W inc enia k ▁batt ed ▁and ▁threw ▁right - hand ed ▁and ▁was ▁listed ▁as ▁ ▁tall ▁and ▁. ▁ ▁His ▁professional ▁career ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁and ▁ended ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁in ▁the ▁minor ▁le agues , ▁with ▁three ▁seasons ▁( 1 9 5 1 – 5 3 ) ▁out ▁of ▁action . ▁During ▁his ▁two ▁tri als ▁with ▁the ▁C ubs ▁he ▁was ▁used ▁largely ▁as ▁a ▁pin ch ▁h itter ▁or ▁pin ch ▁runner , ▁appearing ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁in ▁ 1 2 ▁of ▁his ▁ 3 2 ▁ML B ▁games ▁played . ▁Alt ogether , ▁W inc enia k ▁registered ▁ 7 1 ▁plate ▁appearances , ▁with ▁six ▁runs ▁scored ▁and ▁ 1 4 ▁career ▁hits . ▁His ▁l one ▁home ▁run ▁was ▁hit ▁off ▁Hal ▁Jeff co at ▁of ▁the ▁C inc inn ati ▁Red leg s ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 5 7 . ▁The ▁solo ▁shot ▁came ▁at ▁W rig ley ▁Field ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁game ▁of ▁a ▁double header . ▁W inc enia k ▁also ▁started ▁the ▁night cap ▁and ▁collected ▁a ▁single ▁off ▁Don ▁G ross . ▁Those ▁were ▁his ▁last ▁two ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁maj ors ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁Open - Class ification ▁Port land ▁Be a vers ▁of ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Coast ▁League ▁at ▁the ▁May ▁cut |
down . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : At l anta ▁Bra ves ▁sc outs ▁Category : Base ball ▁players ▁from ▁Illinois ▁Category : Ch icago ▁C ubs ▁players ▁Category : Den ver ▁B ears ▁players ▁Category : Des ▁Mo ines ▁Bru ins ▁players ▁Category : H av ana ▁Sug ar ▁Kings ▁players ▁Category : H utch inson ▁C ubs ▁players ▁Category : Los ▁Angeles ▁Ang els ▁( min or ▁league ) ▁players ▁Category : M aj or ▁League ▁Baseball ▁in field ers ▁Category : Mont real ▁Ex pos ▁sc outs ▁Category : Port land ▁Be a vers ▁players ▁Category : R ock ▁Hill ▁Chief s ▁players ▁Category : St . ▁Paul ▁Sain ts ▁( AA ) ▁players ▁Category : Se attle ▁Rain iers ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Chicago ▁Category : Vis alia ▁C ubs ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Martin ▁E . ▁We aver ▁( 1 9 3 8 - 2 0 0 4 ) ▁helped ▁develop ▁the ▁scientific ▁field ▁of ▁architect ural ▁conservation ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁intern ation ally . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁fifth ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁for ▁Pres ervation ▁Technology ▁International ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Center ▁for ▁Pres ervation ▁Research ▁at ▁Columbia ▁University ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁and ▁an ▁expert ▁in ▁the ▁conservation ▁of ▁wood - based ▁architect ural ▁materials |
. ▁Origin ally ▁trained ▁as ▁an ▁architect , ▁his ▁expos ure ▁to ▁arch ae ological ▁exc av ations ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁Greece , ▁and ▁Iran ▁catal yz ed ▁his ▁interest ▁in ▁historic ▁pres ervation ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁We aver ▁is ▁well ▁known ▁from ▁his ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁book , ▁Con ser ving ▁Build ings , ▁which ▁he ▁co - author ed ▁with ▁Frank ▁G . ▁M ater o . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁I CC ROM ▁News letter ▁( J une ▁ 2 0 0 5 ): ▁p . 8 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Martin ▁E . ▁We aver , ▁Historic ▁Pres ervation ▁Sch olar , ▁Dies ▁at ▁ 6 6 ▁from ▁Columbia ▁University . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 4 ▁death s ▁Category : Con serv ation ▁architect s ▁Category : Col umb ia ▁University ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Pres ervation ist ▁architect s <0x0A> </s> ▁Spring field ▁High ▁School ▁is ▁a ▁public ▁high ▁school ▁in ▁Lak em ore , ▁Ohio , ▁United ▁States , ▁just ▁east ▁of ▁Ak ron . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁high ▁school ▁in ▁the ▁Spring field ▁Local ▁School ▁District ▁and ▁serves ▁students ▁living ▁in ▁Lak em ore ▁and ▁Spring field ▁Township . ▁ ▁State ▁champion ships ▁▁ ▁Girls ▁So ft ball ▁– ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 |
, ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Spring field ▁High ▁School ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Spring field ▁Local ▁School ▁District ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Notes ▁and ▁references ▁ ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁with ▁year ▁of ▁establishment ▁missing ▁Category : High ▁schools ▁in ▁Sum mit ▁County , ▁Ohio ▁Category : Public ▁high ▁schools ▁in ▁Ohio <0x0A> </s> ▁Pl umer ia ▁rub ra ▁is ▁a ▁decid uous ▁plant ▁species ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁genus ▁Pl umer ia . ▁Origin ally ▁native ▁to ▁Mexico , ▁Central ▁America , ▁Colombia ▁and ▁Venezuela , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁widely ▁cultiv ated ▁in ▁subt rop ical ▁and ▁tropical ▁clim ates ▁world wide ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁popular ▁garden ▁and ▁park ▁plant , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁being ▁used ▁in ▁tem ples ▁and ▁c em eter ies . ▁It ▁grows ▁as ▁a ▁spread ing ▁tree ▁to ▁ ▁high ▁and ▁wide , ▁and ▁is ▁fl ushed ▁with ▁fra gr ant ▁flowers ▁of ▁sh ades ▁of ▁p ink , ▁white ▁and ▁yellow ▁over ▁the ▁summer ▁and ▁aut umn . ▁▁ ▁Pl umer ia ▁rub ra ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁many ▁species ▁first ▁described ▁by ▁Carl ▁Lin na eus , ▁and ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 7 5 3 ▁edition ▁of ▁Species ▁Plant ar um . ▁Its ▁specific ▁ep ith et ▁is ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁Latin ▁r uber ▁" red ". ▁The ▁ep ith ets ▁ac umin ata , |
▁ac ut ifolia , ▁and ▁l ute a ▁are ▁seen , ▁but ▁these ▁are ▁invalid . ▁Its ▁common ▁names ▁include ▁fr ang ip ani , ▁red ▁pau cip an , ▁red - j asm ine , ▁red ▁fr ang ip ani , ▁common ▁fr ang ip ani , ▁temple ▁tree , ▁or ▁simply ▁pl umer ia . ▁ ▁Common ▁names ▁The ▁common ▁name ▁“ fr ang ip ani ” ▁comes ▁from ▁an ▁Italian ▁noble ▁family , ▁a ▁six teenth - century ▁marqu ess ▁of ▁which ▁invent ed ▁a ▁pl umer ia - sc ented ▁perf ume . ▁The ▁genus ▁name ▁hon ors ▁Charles ▁Pl um ier , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁mon k ▁of ▁the ▁Francis can ▁order , ▁and ▁a ▁botan ist . ▁ ▁In ▁Mexico ▁the ▁common ▁name ▁is ▁c ac al ox ó ch it l ▁or ▁c ac al ox ú ch it l . ▁The ▁name ▁comes ▁from ▁N ahu at l ▁and ▁means ▁“ c row ’ s ▁flower ”. ▁P . ▁rub ra ▁was ▁declared ▁the ▁national ▁flower ▁of ▁Nic ar agua ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁sac uan jo che . ▁ ▁In ▁Spanish , ▁fr ang ip an is ▁are ▁also ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁al hel í , ▁al hel í ▁c im arr ón , ▁and ▁su che . ▁The ▁term ▁mel ia ▁is ▁a ▁Hawai ian ▁one . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Cook ▁Islands , ▁it ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁tip ani . ▁It ▁is ▁grown ▁extens |
ively ▁in ▁southern ▁and ▁western ▁parts ▁of ▁India , ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁named ▁champ a ▁or ▁a ▁derivative ▁there of ▁such ▁as ▁cha ap ha a , ▁champ ige ▁etc . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁champ a ▁in ▁Pakistan . ▁In ▁Camb odia ▁it ▁is ▁given ▁the ▁names ▁ch â mp é i ▁kra h â : m ▁( also ▁roman ised ▁as ▁kra hom , ▁meaning ▁' red '), ▁or ▁ch â mp é i ▁sl ük ▁s ru ë ch , ▁while ▁the ▁French ▁term ▁for ▁the ▁species ▁is ▁fr ang ip an ier ▁à ▁fle urs ▁r oug es . ▁ ▁In ▁Sri ▁L anka , ▁it ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁ar ali ya ▁in ▁Sin hal ese . ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁by ▁many ▁names ▁in ▁Brazil , ▁including ▁j asm im - de - ca ien a , ▁j as min - do - par á , ▁and ▁j as min - m anga . ▁Another ▁name ▁it ▁has ▁in ▁Portuguese ▁is ▁flor - de - S anto - Ant ô nio . ▁In ▁My an mar , ▁it ▁is ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁ma w k - sam - ka , ▁ma w k - sam - p ail ong , ▁and ▁son p ab ata ing . ▁In ▁China , ▁it ▁has ▁the ▁common ▁name ▁ji ▁dan ▁h ua , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁it ▁is ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁no seg ay . ▁ ▁Description ▁Pl umer ia ▁rub ra ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁dog b |
ane ▁family ▁and ▁grows ▁as ▁a ▁spread ing ▁shr ub ▁or ▁small ▁tree ▁to ▁a ▁height ▁of ▁ ▁and ▁similar ▁width . ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁thick ▁succ ul ent ▁tr unk ▁and ▁sa usage - like ▁bl unt ▁branches ▁covered ▁with ▁a ▁thin ▁grey ▁b ark . ▁The ▁branches ▁are ▁somewhat ▁brit t le ▁and ▁when ▁broken , ▁o o ze ▁a ▁white ▁late x ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁ir rit ating ▁to ▁the ▁skin ▁and ▁m uc ous ▁memb ran es . ▁This ▁late x ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁stem ▁of ▁the ▁plants ▁is ▁in ▁fact ▁to xic , ▁but ▁not ▁dead ly ▁unless ▁present ▁in ▁large ▁quantities . ▁The ▁large ▁green ▁leaves ▁can ▁reach ▁ ▁long ▁and ▁are ▁arranged ▁altern ately ▁and ▁cluster ed ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁branches . The ▁b oles ▁of ▁these ▁plants ▁can ▁be ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 5 ▁cm ▁in ▁the ▁wild . ▁It ▁tends ▁to ▁be ▁smaller ▁in ▁cultiv ation . ▁ ▁They ▁are ▁decid uous , ▁falling ▁in ▁the ▁cool er ▁months ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁The ▁flowers ▁are ▁terminal , ▁appearing ▁at ▁the ▁ends ▁of ▁branches ▁over ▁the ▁summer . ▁O ften ▁prof use ▁and ▁very ▁prominent , ▁they ▁are ▁strongly ▁fra gr ant , ▁and ▁have ▁five ▁pet als . ▁The ▁flowers ▁give ▁off ▁their ▁fra gr ance ▁in ▁the ▁morning ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁evening . ▁This ▁fra gr ance ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁rose , ▁cit rus , ▁and ▁c inn am on . ▁The ▁colors ▁range ▁from ▁the ▁common ▁p |
ink ▁to ▁white ▁with ▁sh ades ▁of ▁yellow ▁in ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁the ▁flower . ▁Initial ly ▁tub ular ▁before ▁opening ▁out , ▁the ▁flowers ▁are ▁ ▁in ▁diameter , ▁and ▁only ▁rarely ▁go ▁on ▁to ▁produce ▁seed ▁- ▁ 2 0 - 6 0 ▁wing ed ▁se eds ▁are ▁contained ▁in ▁a ▁ ▁pod . ▁The ▁f ruits ▁are ▁cyl ind rical ▁pod s ▁that ▁are ▁rarely ▁found ▁in ▁cultiv ation . ▁ ▁Distribution ▁and ▁habitat ▁Its ▁native ▁range ▁extends ▁from ▁central ▁Mexico ▁south ▁through ▁Central ▁America ▁to ▁Colombia ▁and ▁Venezuela ▁in ▁South ▁America . ▁It ▁is ▁cultiv ated ▁in ▁the ▁tropical ▁regions ▁of ▁the ▁world , ▁and ▁is ▁perhaps ▁natural ized ▁in ▁some ▁parts ▁of ▁India . ▁ ▁More ▁specifically , ▁P . ▁rub ra ▁is ▁cultiv ated ▁in ▁the ▁low lands ▁and ▁the ▁Y ung as ▁in ▁Boliv ia , ▁the ▁coast al ▁and ▁And e an ▁regions ▁of ▁E cuador , ▁and ▁the ▁Amazon ian ▁and ▁And e an ▁regions ▁of ▁Peru , ▁where ▁it ▁inhab its ▁dist urbed ▁areas . ▁P . ▁rub ra ▁has ▁been ▁introduced ▁into ▁many ▁countries ▁and ▁islands , ▁including ▁South ▁Africa , ▁Y emen , ▁Ch ad , ▁and ▁Bur und i . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁found ▁growing ▁everywhere ▁in ▁My an mar ▁except ▁in ▁very ▁cool ▁mountain ous ▁regions . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁introduced ▁both ▁in ▁China ▁and ▁Pakistan ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁natural ized ▁in ▁the ▁Anal am anga ▁& ▁B ets ib oka ▁regions ▁of ▁Mad agas car . ▁It ▁is |
▁native ▁to ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Ant io quia ▁in ▁Colombia , ▁and ▁is ▁distributed ▁in ▁countries ▁such ▁as ▁Costa ▁Rica , ▁Nic ar agua , ▁Gu atem ala , ▁Mexico , ▁El ▁Salvador , ▁Bel ize , ▁and , ▁H ond uras , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁West ▁Ind ies . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁widely ▁cultiv ated ▁in ▁Pan ama . ▁ ▁P . ▁rub ra ▁generally ▁inhab its ▁hot ▁and ▁rock y ▁areas ▁with ▁dry ▁to ▁moder ate ▁ra inf all . ▁They ▁can ▁surv ive ▁in ▁locations ▁with ▁prominent ▁dry ▁seasons , ▁where ▁they ▁can ▁flower ▁on ▁the ▁bare ▁branches , ▁or ▁in ▁more ▁hum id ▁conditions , ▁where ▁they ▁can ▁remain ▁ever green . ▁It ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁rock y ▁for ests , ▁mountain ▁s lop es , ▁and ▁even ▁occasionally ▁on ▁pla ins ▁or ▁sav ann as . ▁It ▁occup ies ▁elev ations ▁of ▁ 5 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 0 ▁meters ▁but ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁up ▁to ▁elev ations ▁of ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁meters . ▁ ▁Cult iv ation ▁The ▁species ▁is ▁cultiv ated ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁in ▁subt rop ical ▁and ▁tropical ▁clim ates . ▁In ▁Australia , ▁it ▁is ▁widely ▁seen ▁in ▁cultiv ation ▁in ▁Sydney ▁and ▁Per th ▁and ▁war mer ▁fro st ▁free ▁clim ates ▁north wards . ▁In ▁the ▁main land ▁United ▁States , ▁it ▁toler ates ▁US DA ▁Hard iness ▁zones ▁ 1 0 B ▁to ▁ 1 1 ▁( s ou thern ▁coast al ▁California |
▁and ▁the ▁southern ▁tip ▁of ▁Florida ). ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁grown ▁in ▁Hawai i ▁to ▁an ▁alt itude ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁m . ▁They ▁toler ate ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁so ils , ▁from ▁acid ▁to ▁al kal ine ▁and ▁sand y ▁to ▁cl ay . ▁These ▁plants ▁grow ▁best ▁in ▁dry ▁to ▁medium ▁mo ist ure , ▁well - dra ined ▁so ils ▁in ▁full ▁sun ▁and ▁will ▁blo om ▁throughout ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁in ▁tropical ▁areas . ▁They ▁do ▁not ▁grow ▁well ▁in ▁wet ▁so ils ▁and ▁in ▁areas ▁with ▁temper atures ▁below ▁ 5 0 ▁degrees ▁F ahren heit ▁during ▁the ▁winter ▁seasons , ▁the ▁plants ▁will ▁stop ▁blo oming ▁and ▁shed ▁their ▁leaves . ▁Est ab lished ▁plants ▁are ▁also ▁very ▁salt ▁toler ant ▁and ▁toler ate ▁even ▁salt - lad en ▁wind s . ▁W id ely ▁available ▁in ▁nur series , ▁fr ang ip an is ▁are ▁readily ▁propag ated ▁by ▁c utt ings ▁of ▁branches ▁taken ▁in ▁cool er ▁months ▁and ▁left ▁to ▁dry ▁for ▁a ▁week ▁or ▁more . ▁As ▁well ▁as ▁gard ens ▁and ▁street - ▁and ▁park ▁plant ing , ▁fr ang ip an is ▁are ▁plant ed ▁in ▁tem ples ▁and ▁c em eter ies . ▁ ▁Pl umer ia ▁rub ra ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁c rop ▁in ▁Hawai i , ▁with ▁over ▁ 1 4 ▁million ▁flowers ▁were ▁sold ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁in ▁le is ▁there ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁temper ate |
▁areas ▁P . ▁rub ra ▁must ▁be ▁grown ▁under ▁glass , ▁in ▁a ▁large ▁conserv atory ▁or ▁similar , ▁as ▁it ▁does ▁not ▁toler ate ▁temper atures ▁below ▁. ▁However ▁it ▁may ▁be ▁placed ▁outside ▁in ▁a ▁shelter ed ▁sun ny ▁spot ▁during ▁the ▁summer ▁months . ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁it ▁has ▁gained ▁the ▁Royal ▁H ort icult ural ▁Society ’ s ▁Award ▁of ▁Garden ▁Mer it . ▁▁ ▁Some ▁forms ▁in ▁cultiv ation ▁are ▁hy br ids ▁between ▁this ▁species ▁and ▁Pl umer ia ▁obt usa ; ▁these ▁have ▁rounded ▁rather ▁than ▁pointed ▁leaves ▁and ▁are ▁less ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁decid uous . ▁The ▁white ▁and ▁yellow ▁cultiv ar ▁" Sing ap ore " ▁flowers ▁all ▁year ▁round ▁in ▁Hawai i . ▁ ▁Cole os por ium ▁pl umer iae , ▁known ▁as ▁pl umer ia ▁rust ▁or ▁fr ang ip ani ▁rust , ▁is ▁a ▁fung us ▁which ▁attacks ▁young ▁leaves ▁of ▁P . ▁rub ra . ▁It ▁causes ▁a ▁brown ish ▁or ▁orange ▁pow der y ▁co ating ▁or ▁bl ister ing ▁of ▁leaves . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁from ▁Hawai i ▁and ▁the ▁east ▁coast ▁of ▁Australia . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recogn ised ▁by ▁the ▁French ▁my colog ist ▁Nar cis se ▁Thé oph ile ▁Pat ou ill ard ▁on ▁Gu adel oupe ▁Island ▁in ▁the ▁eastern ▁Car ib bean ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 2 , ▁and ▁had ▁reached ▁Taiwan ▁by ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁Us es ▁The ▁US DA ▁Forest ry ▁Service ▁lists |
▁Pl umer ia ▁rub ra ▁as ▁a ▁poison ous ▁plant ▁and ▁war ns ▁against ▁touch ing ▁or ▁e ating ▁any ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁plant . ▁▁ ▁In ▁Camb odia , ▁as ▁with ▁other ▁Pl umer ia ▁species , ▁P . ▁rub ra ▁flowers ▁is ▁used ▁for ▁neck laces , ▁as ▁offer ings ▁to ▁de ities ▁or ▁as ▁decor ation ▁for ▁coff ins . ▁The ▁leaves ▁of ▁this ▁species ▁are ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁care ▁of ▁s ores ▁and ▁made ▁into ▁so othing ▁inf us ions . ▁The ▁flowers ▁and ▁b ark ▁of ▁it ▁are ▁also ▁used ▁in ▁traditional ▁Chinese ▁medicine ▁in ▁the ▁treatment ▁of ▁fe ver , ▁b ac ill ary ▁d ys ent ery , ▁pert uss is ▁and ▁so ▁on . ▁▁ ▁P . ▁rub ra ▁poss esses ▁ful v op l um ier in , ▁an ▁ant ib i otic ▁that ▁in hib its ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁My c ob acter ium ▁t uber cul osis . ▁The ▁plant ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁ant if ung al , ▁ant iv iral , ▁anal ges ic , ▁ant isp as mod ic , ▁and ▁hyp og ly cem ic . ▁P . ▁rub ra ▁is ▁also ▁reported ▁to ▁contain ▁ag oni adin , ▁pl um ier id , ▁pl umeric ▁acid , ▁cer ot in ic ▁acid , ▁and ▁lu pe ol , ▁and ▁the ▁stem ▁poss esses ▁an ▁al kal oid ▁called ▁tr iter p ino id . ▁The ▁plant ▁has ▁been ▁known ▁to ▁promote ▁dig estion ▁and |
▁ex cret ion , ▁along ▁with ▁resp ir atory ▁and ▁imm une ▁functions . ▁The ▁sap ▁of ▁the ▁plant ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁la x ative ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁rem edy ▁for ▁blo ating ▁and ▁st om ach aches . ▁The ▁b ark ▁is ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁p urg ative ▁and ▁is ▁also ▁used ▁for ▁ven ere al ▁s ores . ▁The ▁flowers ▁can ▁be ▁bo iled ▁in ▁water ▁or ▁ju ice ▁and ▁made ▁into ▁a ▁sal ad ▁to ▁promote ▁bow el ▁movement , ▁ur ine ▁flow , ▁and ▁to ▁control ▁gas ▁and ▁ph leg m . ▁The ▁flowers ▁are ▁also ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁treatment ▁of ▁ast h ma . ▁▁ ▁On ▁the ▁Mol ok ai ▁island ▁in ▁the ▁Hawai ian ▁arch ip el ago , ▁P . ▁rub ra ▁is ▁cultiv ated ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁produce ▁neck ▁gar lands ▁( le is ). ▁They ▁are ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁sc ented ▁oil ▁in ▁many ▁Pacific ▁islands ▁that ▁include ▁Hawai i . ▁The ▁flowers ▁are ▁used ▁to ▁sc ent ▁co con ut ▁oil . ▁The ▁b ark ▁contains ▁faint ▁pur pl ish ▁stre aks ▁and ▁the ▁wood ▁is ▁hard ▁and ▁compact ▁with ▁a ▁very ▁fine ▁texture . ▁The ▁wood ▁takes ▁a ▁high ▁pol ish . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁rub ra ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁Central ▁America ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁Camb odia ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁Colombia ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁Hawai i ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁Mexico ▁Category : T rees |
▁of ▁Ch ia pas ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁J alis co ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁P ue bla ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁the ▁Y uc at án ▁Pen ins ula ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁Category : Pl ants ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 7 5 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁Tokyo ▁Korean ▁Middle ▁and ▁High ▁School ▁( 東 京 朝 <0xE9> <0xAE> <0xAE> 中 高 <0xE7> <0xB4> <0x9A> 学 校 ▁T ō ky ō ▁Ch ō sen ▁Ch ū k ō ky ū g ak k ō ; ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁North ▁Korea - aligned ▁Korean ▁international ▁school ▁in ▁ ▁( 十 条 台 ), ▁K ita - ku , ▁Tokyo . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁it ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁ten ▁North ▁Korean - aligned ▁high ▁schools ▁located ▁in ▁Japan . ▁As ▁of ▁that ▁year , ▁Shin ▁Gil - ung ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁school ' s ▁principal . ▁It ▁oper ates ▁under ▁the ▁Ch ong ry on . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Isabel ▁Reyn olds ▁of ▁Blo om berg ▁News ▁described ▁the ▁school ▁as ▁" large ▁and ▁relatively ▁prosper ous " ▁compared ▁to ▁other ▁North ▁Korean ▁international ▁schools ▁in ▁Japan . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Histor ically ▁the ▁school ▁received ▁fund ing ▁from ▁the ▁North ▁Korean ▁government ▁and ▁a ▁six ▁million ▁y en ▁($ 6 3 , 0 0 0 ▁US ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁subs id y ▁every ▁year ▁from ▁the ▁Japanese ▁government . ▁Ar ound ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁the ▁Japanese |
▁government ▁made ▁North ▁Korea - aligned ▁schools ▁in el ig ible ▁for ▁tu ition ▁wa ivers . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁the ▁Japanese ▁government ▁announced ▁that ▁this ▁school ▁would ▁no ▁longer ▁get ▁subs id ies . ▁By ▁that ▁time ▁fund ing ▁from ▁the ▁North ▁Korean ▁government ▁had ▁sharp ly ▁decl ined . ▁ ▁Fac ility ▁The ▁school ▁uses ▁gray ▁buildings , ▁one ▁of ▁which ▁includes ▁a ▁clock . ▁Isabel ▁Reyn olds ▁of ▁Blo om berg ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁physical ▁appearance ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁domestic ▁Japanese ▁schools . ▁ ▁C urr icul um ▁The ▁school ' s ▁curr icul um ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁most ▁Japanese ▁senior ▁high ▁schools . ▁Modern ▁history ▁classes ▁have ▁their ▁own ▁course ▁materials , ▁while ▁other ▁classes ▁use ▁Korean ▁transl ations ▁of ▁Japanese ▁text books . ▁Many ▁female ▁students ▁take ▁dance ▁classes ▁using ▁Korean ▁styles . ▁Stud ents ▁in ▁their ▁senior ▁( final ) ▁year ▁take ▁tri ps ▁to ▁North ▁Korea . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁principal ▁Shin ▁Gil - ung ▁stated ▁" It ’ s ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁students ▁to ▁decide ▁whether ▁they ▁support ▁that ▁political ▁system . ▁We ▁avoid ▁telling ▁them ▁that ▁everything ▁North ▁Korea ▁does ▁is ▁right ." ▁ ▁Oper ations ▁ ▁The ▁school ▁uses ▁the ▁Korean ▁language ▁in ▁its ▁official ▁not ices , ▁and ▁the ▁school ▁disc ou rages ▁its ▁students ▁from ▁speaking ▁Japanese ▁while ▁on ▁school ▁grounds . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁all ▁class rooms ▁have ▁photograph s ▁of ▁Kim |
▁Il - s ung ▁and ▁Kim ▁J ong - il . ▁Fem ale ▁students ▁and ▁teachers ▁wear ▁ch ima ▁je og ori . ▁The ▁school ▁serves ▁Korean ▁food s ▁in ▁its ▁c af eter ia . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁ 8 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁school ' s ▁costs ▁come ▁from ▁tu ition ▁and ▁other ▁exp enses ▁from ▁the ▁parents ▁of ▁the ▁students . ▁ ▁Student ▁body ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁the ▁school ▁had ▁ 6 5 0 ▁students . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁about ▁ 4 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁students ▁who ▁gradu ate ▁from ▁this ▁school ▁attend ▁univers ities . ▁The ▁school ' s ▁peak ▁en roll ment ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁with ▁ 2 , 3 0 0 ▁students . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Tor res , ▁I da . ▁" C aught ▁between ▁two ▁world s : ▁A ▁North ▁Korean ▁school ▁in ▁Japan ." ▁Japan ▁Daily ▁Press . ▁February ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁▁ ▁" 東 京 朝 <0xE9> <0xAE> <0xAE> 中 高 <0xE7> <0xB4> <0x9A> 学 校 ▁( 作 品 と 方 法 ( 1 9 6 0 - 1 9 7 5 )). " ▁ 建 <0xE7> <0xAF> <0x89> ▁( 1 7 6 ), ▁p 8 6 - 8 9 , ▁ 1 9 7 5 - 0 7 . ▁ 中 外 出 版 . ▁See ▁profile ▁at ▁Ci N ii . |
▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Tokyo ▁Korean ▁Junior ▁and ▁Senior ▁High ▁School ▁ ▁Category : Intern ational ▁schools ▁in ▁Tokyo ▁Category : N orth ▁Korean ▁schools ▁in ▁Japan ▁Category : High ▁schools ▁in ▁Tokyo <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁James ▁Davis ▁( May ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 8 3 5 ▁– ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 1 6 ) ▁was ▁an ▁att orney ▁and ▁politician ▁who ▁helped ▁found ▁West ▁Virginia ▁and ▁later ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁United ▁States ▁Represent ative ▁in ▁Congress ▁from ▁that ▁state . ▁ ▁Early ▁and ▁family ▁life ▁John ▁James ▁Davis ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Clark s burg , ▁Virginia ▁( now ▁West ▁Virginia ) ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 5 ▁to ▁master ▁s add ler ▁John ▁Davis ▁( 1 7 9 7 - 1 8 6 3 ) ▁and ▁his ▁New ▁York ▁born ▁wife ▁El iza ▁Arnold ▁Ste en ▁Davis ▁( 1 7 9 9 - 1 8 6 6 ). ▁He ▁had ▁a ▁younger ▁brother , ▁Re zin ▁C ale b ▁Davis ▁( 1 8 4 7 - 1 9 1 0 , ▁who ▁initially ▁app r entic ed ▁with ▁their ▁father , ▁but ▁was ▁a ▁Confeder ate ▁soldier ▁and ▁later ▁became ▁a ▁lawyer ▁in ▁Kentucky ). ▁The ▁family ▁included ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁sister s : ▁Regin a ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 3 7 ) ▁and ▁Ann ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 3 9 ). ▁Their ▁grand father ▁C ale b ▁Davis ▁( 1 7 6 7 - 1 8 3 4 ) ▁had ▁been ▁born |
▁across ▁the ▁Pot om ac ▁River ▁at ▁Old town , ▁Al leg hen y ▁County , ▁Maryland ▁but ▁had ▁moved ▁to ▁Wood stock , ▁Sh en ando ah ▁County , ▁Virginia ▁where ▁J . ▁J . ▁Davis ' s ▁father ▁John ▁Davis ▁had ▁been ▁born . ▁After ▁learning ▁his ▁trade , ▁John ▁Davis ▁moved ▁to ▁Clark s burg ▁shortly ▁before ▁Virginia ▁author ized ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁North western ▁Turn pi ke . ▁John ▁Davis ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Harrison ▁County ▁sh er iff , ▁r uling ▁elder ▁in ▁his ▁Pres by ter ian ▁church ▁and ▁( un like ▁his ▁son ▁John ▁James ▁Davis ) ▁sympath ized ▁with ▁the ▁Confeder acy ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 3 . ▁His ▁wife ▁El iza ▁( J . J . ▁Davis ' ▁mother ) ▁was ▁a ▁pione er ▁school ▁teacher ▁in ▁Harrison ▁County , ▁who ▁taught ▁Stone wall ▁Jackson ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁her ▁sons ▁and ▁many ▁other ▁local ▁children . ▁Either ▁the ▁father ▁John ▁Davis ▁ ▁or ▁this ▁J . J . ▁Davis ▁owned ▁ 6 ▁slaves ▁in ▁Harrison ▁County ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 0 , ▁and ▁his ▁brother ▁Re zin ▁Davis ▁owned ▁two ▁slaves ▁( a ▁ 1 7 ▁year ▁old ▁woman ▁and ▁a ▁one ▁year ▁old ▁boy ). ▁ ▁Young ▁J . ▁J . ▁Davis ▁attended ▁the ▁North western ▁Virginia ▁Academy ▁at ▁Clark s burg ▁( the ▁Harrison ▁County ▁seat ). ▁When ▁he ▁was ▁ 1 7 , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁Lex ington , ▁Virginia ▁to ▁attend ▁the ▁Lex ington ▁Law ▁School ▁( |
now ▁the ▁law ▁department ▁of ▁Washington ▁and ▁Lee ▁University ). ▁Gr adu ating ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 6 , ▁J . ▁J . ▁Davis ▁was ▁admitted ▁to ▁the ▁Virginia ▁bar ▁that ▁same ▁year ▁and ▁began ▁what ▁would ▁become ▁his ▁life - long ▁legal ▁practice ▁in ▁Clark s burg . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 8 6 2 , ▁John ▁J . ▁Davis ▁married ▁Anna ▁Kennedy ▁( 1 8 4 1 - 1 9 1 7 ) ▁in ▁Baltimore , ▁Maryland , ▁her ▁home ▁city . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁a ▁l umber ▁merchant ▁and ▁college - ed uc ated . ▁They ▁later ▁had ▁a ▁son ▁John ▁W . ▁Davis ▁( 1 8 7 3 - 1 9 5 5 ); ▁who ▁followed ▁his ▁father ' s ▁career ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁lawyer ▁and ▁Congress man , ▁although ▁he ▁also ▁left ▁West ▁Virginia ▁and ▁was ▁an ▁un success ful ▁Democratic ▁President ial ▁candidate ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 4 ). ▁They ▁also ▁had ▁four ▁daughters : ▁L ill ie ▁Davis ▁Pr eston ▁( 1 8 6 3 - 1 9 3 9 ) ▁of ▁Lewis burg , ▁West ▁Virginia , ▁Emma ▁Kennedy ▁Davis ▁( 1 8 6 5 - 1 9 4 3 ) ▁who ▁never ▁married ▁and ▁was ▁secretary ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁Red ▁Cross ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁assistant ▁chair ▁of ▁the ▁Harrison ▁County ▁Democratic ▁committee , ▁Anna ▁Hol mes ▁Davis ▁Richard son ▁( 1 8 6 9 - 1 9 4 5 ; ▁whose |
▁first ▁husband ▁was ▁a ▁Un iter ian ▁minister ▁in ▁New ▁York ), ▁and ▁Catherine ▁Est elle ▁Davis ▁( 1 8 7 4 - 1 8 8 1 ). ▁ ▁American ▁Civil ▁War ▁Davis ▁became ▁polit ically ▁active ▁after ▁the ▁Virginia ▁Sec ession ▁Convention ▁of ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁voted ▁to ▁appro ve ▁an ▁ordin ance ▁of ▁se cess ion ▁over ▁the ▁opposition ▁of ▁many ▁deleg ates ▁from ▁the ▁north western ▁count ies ▁( including ▁fellow ▁lawyer ▁John ▁S . ▁Carl ile ▁from ▁Harrison ▁County ). ▁Carl ile ▁called ▁a ▁mass ▁meeting ▁in ▁Clark s burg ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁to ▁call ▁Virginia ' s ▁se cess ion ▁tre ason ous ▁and ▁consider ▁responses . ▁Davis ▁attended ▁that ▁" Cl arks burg ▁Convention ." ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 3 – 1 5 , ▁J . J . ▁Davis ▁was ▁among ▁seven ▁Harrison ▁County ▁men ▁att ending ▁the ▁W heel ing ▁Convention ▁which ▁established ▁the ▁Rest ored ▁Government ▁of ▁Virginia . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁Harrison ▁County ▁vot ers ▁elected ▁Davis ▁and ▁John ▁C . ▁V ance ▁to ▁represent ▁them ▁in ▁the ▁Virginia ▁House ▁of ▁De leg ates ▁which ▁met ▁in ▁W heel ing ▁from ▁July ▁ 1 – 2 6 ; ▁he ▁never ▁served ▁in ▁Richmond , ▁Virginia ▁( the ▁normal ▁meeting ▁place ▁of ▁the ▁Virginia ▁General ▁Assembly , ▁including ▁during ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁War ). ▁In ▁October , |
▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁Harrison ▁County ▁vot ers ▁elected ▁V ance ▁and ▁J . J . ▁Davis ▁as ▁their ▁two ▁deleg ates ▁to ▁the ▁General ▁Assembly ▁at ▁W heel ing ▁which ▁met ▁from ▁December ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁– ▁February ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 8 6 2 , ▁and ▁from ▁May ▁ 6 – 1 5 , ▁ 1 8 6 2 , ▁and ▁from ▁December ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 8 6 2 - F ebru ary ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁( although ▁V ance ▁res igned ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 8 6 2 ). ▁ ▁Despite ▁Davis ' ▁Union ist ▁advoc acy , ▁his ▁father ▁remained ▁a ▁Confeder ate ▁sympath izer ▁and ▁his ▁brother ▁Re zin ▁en list ed ▁in ▁the ▁Confeder ate ▁army . ▁ ▁Post war ▁career ▁As ▁the ▁war ▁ended , ▁Davis ▁continued ▁his ▁legal ▁practice ▁in ▁Clark s burg , ▁and ▁vot ers ▁elected ▁him ▁to ▁the ▁West ▁Virginia ▁House ▁of ▁De leg ates ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 9 . ▁He ▁served ▁one ▁term ▁in ▁that ▁part ▁time ▁position ▁( 1 8 7 0 ). ▁ ▁Active ▁in ▁his ▁local ▁Democratic ▁Party , ▁Davis ▁was ▁a ▁delegate ▁to ▁the ▁Democratic ▁National ▁Con vent ions ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 8 , ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁and ▁ 1 8 9 2 . ▁He ▁also ▁was ▁a ▁Mason , ▁reg ent ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁West ▁Virginia , ▁a ▁member ▁of |
▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Vis itors ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Military ▁Academy ▁at ▁West ▁Point , ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁Ins ane ▁Hospital , ▁and ▁a ▁r uling ▁elder ▁in ▁the ▁Southern ▁Pres by ter ian ▁Church . ▁ ▁National ▁politics ▁When ▁Republican ▁Iss ac ▁H . ▁Du val ▁announced ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁not ▁seek ▁re - e lection ▁from ▁West ▁Virginia ' s ▁ 1 st ▁con gression al ▁district , ▁Davis ▁was ▁the ▁Democratic ▁candidate ▁and ▁won . ▁He ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 2 nd ▁Congress , ▁and ▁was ▁re - elect ed ▁as ▁an ▁Independent ▁Dem ocrat ▁to ▁the ▁ 4 3 rd ▁Congress . ▁He ▁decided ▁against ▁running ▁for ▁ren om ination ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 4 , ▁and ▁fellow ▁Dem ocrat ▁Benjamin ▁Wilson ▁won ▁the ▁seat . ▁ ▁His ▁elect ive ▁political ▁years ▁over , ▁except ▁for ▁st ints ▁at ▁the ▁Democratic ▁National ▁Con vent ions ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁President ial ▁elect or ▁for ▁Gro ver ▁Cleveland , ▁Davis ▁res umed ▁his ▁legal ▁practice ▁in ▁Clark s burg , ▁which ▁came ▁in ▁second ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁contest ▁to ▁become ▁West ▁Virginia ' s ▁state ▁capit ol . ▁However , ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party ▁grew ▁stronger ▁in ▁the ▁area , ▁led ▁by ▁Nathan ▁G off , ▁Jr ., ▁who ▁defeated ▁Wilson ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 3 . ▁Event ually , ▁Davis ▁pract iced ▁with ▁his ▁son , ▁John ▁W . ▁Davis , ▁who ▁began ▁his ▁personal ▁political ▁career ▁by ▁winning ▁election ▁to ▁the ▁West |
▁Virginia ▁House ▁of ▁De leg ates ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 9 . ▁Although ▁the ▁U . S . ▁con gression al ▁seat ▁was ▁generally ▁held ▁by ▁Republic ans ▁( other ▁than ▁twice ▁briefly ▁held ▁by ▁Dem ocrat ▁John ▁O . ▁P end leton ), ▁Davis ▁lived ▁to ▁see ▁his ▁son ▁win ▁it ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 , ▁then ▁res ign ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Sol ic itor ▁General ▁under ▁Democratic ▁President ▁Wood row ▁Wilson . ▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁legacy ▁John ▁J . ▁Davis ▁died ▁in ▁Clark s burg , ▁Harrison ▁County ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁and ▁was ▁inter red ▁in ▁what ▁was ▁then ▁the ▁O dd ▁F ell ows ▁C emetery , ▁where ▁his ▁wife ▁of ▁nearly ▁ 5 5 ▁years ▁joined ▁him ▁less ▁than ▁a ▁year ▁later . ▁Their ▁daughter ▁Emma , ▁who ▁never ▁married , ▁remained ▁active ▁in ▁ ▁Democratic ▁politics ▁in ▁Clark s burg . ▁After ▁serving ▁as ▁Sol ic itor ▁General , ▁his ▁son ▁John ▁Davis ▁would ▁because ▁U . S . ▁Amb assador ▁to ▁Britain , ▁then ▁move ▁to ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 3 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 1 6 ▁death s ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁American ▁law y ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁law y ers ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁from ▁West ▁Virginia ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Virginia |
▁House ▁of ▁De leg ates ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁Virginia ▁House ▁of ▁De leg ates ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁Clark s burg , ▁West ▁Virginia ▁Category : W ashington ▁and ▁Lee ▁University ▁School ▁of ▁Law ▁al umn i ▁Category : West ▁Virginia ▁Democr ats ▁Category : West ▁Virginia ▁law y ers ▁Category : Deleg ates ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁W heel ing ▁Convention ▁Category : D em ocr atic ▁Party ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : Ind ep endent ▁Dem ocrat ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : West ▁Virginia ▁Independ ents ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁American ▁polit icians <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Mal aria ▁Atlas ▁Project , ▁abbre vi ated ▁as ▁M AP , ▁is ▁a ▁non - pro fit ▁academic ▁group ▁led ▁by ▁Professor ▁Peter ▁G ething , ▁Ker ry ▁M ▁Sto kes ▁Chair ▁in ▁Child ▁Health , ▁at ▁the ▁Tele th on ▁K ids ▁Institute , ▁Per th , ▁Western ▁Australia . ▁The ▁group ▁is ▁fund ed ▁by ▁the ▁Bill ▁and ▁Mel inda ▁G ates ▁Foundation , ▁with ▁previous ▁fund ing ▁also ▁coming ▁from ▁the ▁Medical ▁Research ▁Council ▁and ▁the ▁Well come ▁Trust . ▁▁ ▁M AP ▁a ims ▁to ▁dis sem inate ▁free , ▁accurate ▁and ▁up - to - date ▁information ▁on ▁mal aria ▁and ▁associated ▁topics , ▁organ ised ▁on ▁a ▁ge ographical ▁basis . ▁ ▁The ▁work ▁of ▁M AP ▁falls ▁into ▁three ▁areas : ▁ ▁The ▁estimation ▁of |
▁the ▁spatial ▁distribution ▁of ▁mal aria ▁pre val ence ▁and ▁inc idence ▁and ▁related ▁topics ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁spatial ▁distribution ▁of ▁insect ic ide ▁treated ▁n ets , ▁ant imal arial ▁dru gs , ▁mos qu ito ▁vectors , ▁and ▁human ▁blood ▁dis orders ▁D iss em in ating ▁data ▁on ▁mal aria ▁via ▁the ▁Re pository ▁for ▁Open ▁Access ▁Data ▁( RO AD - MAP ) ▁project ▁Prov iding ▁maps ▁rel ating ▁to ▁mal aria ▁pre val ence ▁and ▁related ▁topics ▁for ▁the ▁World ▁Health ▁Organ ization ▁( W HO ) ▁and ▁other ▁bodies . ▁ ▁The ▁M AP ▁team ▁have ▁assemble d ▁a ▁unique ▁spatial ▁database ▁on ▁linked ▁information ▁derived ▁from ▁medical ▁intelligence , ▁satellite - der ived ▁climate ▁data ▁to ▁const rain ▁the ▁limits ▁of ▁mal aria ▁transmission , ▁and ▁the ▁largest ▁ever ▁archive ▁of ▁community - based ▁estimates ▁of ▁par as ite ▁pre val ence . ▁These ▁data ▁have ▁been ▁assemble d ▁and ▁anal ys ed ▁by ▁a ▁team ▁of ▁ge ograph ers , ▁statist icians , ▁ep ide mi olog ists , ▁bi olog ists ▁and ▁public ▁health ▁special ists . ▁ ▁Furthermore , ▁where ▁these ▁data ▁have ▁been ▁cleared ▁for ▁release , ▁they ▁are ▁available ▁via ▁a ▁data ▁expl orer ▁tool ▁on ▁the ▁M AP ▁website . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁M AP ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Bob ▁Snow ▁and ▁Simon ▁Hay ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁to ▁fill ▁the ▁n iche ▁for ▁the ▁mal aria ▁control ▁community ▁at ▁a ▁global ▁scale . ▁ ▁Between ▁ 2 0 |
1 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁it ▁was ▁led ▁by ▁Peter ▁G ething , ▁Dave ▁Smith , ▁Catherine ▁Mo yes ▁and ▁Simon ▁Hay . ▁The ▁initial ▁focus ▁of ▁M AP ▁cent red ▁on ▁predict ing ▁the ▁en demic ity ▁of ▁Pl as mod ium ▁fal ci par um , ▁the ▁most ▁dead ly ▁form ▁of ▁the ▁mal aria ▁par as ite , ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁global ▁ep ide mi ological ▁significance ▁and ▁its ▁better ▁prospect s ▁for ▁elim ination ▁and ▁control . ▁Work ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁began ▁to ▁map ▁the ▁extent ▁and ▁bur den ▁of ▁the ▁relatively ▁neglect ed ▁Pl as mod ium ▁viv ax . ▁ ▁The ▁Re pository ▁for ▁Open ▁Access ▁Data ▁from ▁the ▁Mal aria ▁Atlas ▁Project ▁( RO AD - MAP ) ▁was ▁established ▁by ▁Catherine ▁Mo yes , ▁Simon ▁Hay ▁and ▁Bob ▁Snow ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Between ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁it ▁was ▁led ▁by ▁Peter ▁G ething ▁and ▁Mike ▁Th orn . ▁ ▁Academ ic ▁research ▁ ▁Mod elling ▁mal aria ▁pre val ence ▁ ▁A ▁key ▁aspect ▁of ▁M AP ’ s ▁work ▁is ▁to ▁use ▁statistical ▁approaches ▁to ▁mod elling ▁the ▁pre val ence ▁of ▁different ▁forms ▁of ▁mal aria ▁on ▁a ▁global ▁scale ▁using ▁Bay esian ▁model - based ▁ge ost at istics . ▁ ▁Vari ous ▁environmental ▁factors ▁are ▁known ▁to ▁affect ▁mal aria ▁pre val ence . ▁Mal aria ▁pre val ence ▁is |
▁known ▁to ▁vary ▁in ▁a ▁relatively ▁predict able ▁fashion ▁in ▁space ▁and ▁time , ▁and ▁observed ▁mal aria ▁pre val ence ▁depends ▁heavily ▁on ▁people ’ s ▁age ▁and ▁inter vention ▁coverage . ▁ ▁In ▁spatial ▁ep ide mi ology , ▁it ▁is ▁common ▁to ▁find ▁that ▁very ▁few ▁measurements ▁have ▁been ▁taken ▁in ▁large ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁ge ographical ▁region ▁of ▁interest . ▁The ▁available ▁measurements ▁may ▁be ▁error - pr one ▁or ▁in comple t ely ▁reported , ▁and ▁almost ▁always ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁subset ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁population ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁survey ed . ▁ ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁M AP ▁has ▁coll ated ▁an ▁extensive ▁database ▁of ▁survey ▁data ▁from ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁sources . ▁ ▁These ▁surve ys ▁are ▁typically ▁cluster ed ▁at ▁village ▁level ▁and ▁record ▁data ▁on ▁par as ite ▁posit ivity ▁rates , ▁usually ▁determined ▁by ▁rapid ▁di agnostic ▁blood ▁tests . ▁▁▁ ▁Additionally , ▁M AP ▁has ▁gathered ▁extensive ▁data ▁on ▁cov ari ates ▁such ▁as ▁temperature ▁suit ability ▁and ▁land ▁cover . ▁ ▁These ▁factors ▁affect ▁the ▁distribution ▁of ▁the ▁mos qu ito ▁vectors ▁responsible ▁for ▁spread ing ▁mal aria . ▁ ▁The ▁benefit ▁of ▁using ▁Bay esian ▁model - based ▁ge ost at istics ▁is ▁that ▁it ▁con ve ys ▁the ▁spatial ly ▁varying ▁level ▁of ▁uncertainty ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁mapped ▁surface . ▁ ▁The ▁probability ▁that ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁very ▁many ▁individual ▁( c andid ate ) ▁maps ▁is ▁the ▁single ▁correct ▁map ▁is ▁small , ▁so ▁it |
▁is ▁not ▁useful ▁to ▁report ▁the ▁single ▁most ▁likely ▁map . ▁ ▁T aken ▁together , ▁however , ▁the ▁candidate ▁maps ▁make ▁it ▁possible ▁to ▁compute ▁the ▁probability ▁of ▁correct ness ▁of ▁statements ▁about ▁the ▁map , ▁such ▁as ▁Pl as mod ium ▁fal ci par um ▁en demic ity ▁at ▁location ▁x ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁was ▁between ▁ 0 . 1 ▁and ▁ 0 . 3 ". ▁ ▁Pl as mod ium ▁fal ci par um ▁pre val ence ▁maps ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁a ▁concert ed ▁campaign ▁against ▁mal aria ▁has ▁led ▁to ▁un pre ced ented ▁levels ▁of ▁inter vention ▁coverage ▁across ▁sub - S ah aran ▁Africa . ▁Future ▁control ▁planning ▁depends ▁on ▁understanding ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁this ▁effort . ▁However , ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁mal aria ▁inter vent ions ▁across ▁the ▁varied ▁ep ide mi ological ▁settings ▁of ▁Africa ▁remains ▁poor ly ▁understood ▁ow ing ▁to ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁reliable ▁surve ill ance ▁data ▁and ▁the ▁simpl istic ▁approaches ▁underlying ▁current ▁disease ▁estimates . ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁research ▁by ▁M AP ▁published ▁in ▁Nature ▁quant ified ▁the ▁att rib utable ▁effect ▁of ▁mal aria ▁disease ▁control ▁efforts ▁in ▁Africa . ▁The ▁results ▁showed ▁Pl as mod ium ▁fal ci par um ▁in fection ▁pre val ence ▁in ▁en demic ▁Africa ▁hal ved ▁and ▁the ▁inc idence ▁of ▁clin ical ▁disease ▁fell ▁by ▁ 4 0 % ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁and |
▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁best ▁estimate ▁is ▁that ▁inter vent ions ▁have ▁a vert ed ▁ 6 6 3 ▁million ▁clin ical ▁cases ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁In sect ic ide - tre ated ▁n ets , ▁the ▁most ▁w ides p read ▁inter vention , ▁were ▁by ▁far ▁the ▁largest ▁contrib utor . ▁Although ▁still ▁below ▁target ▁levels , ▁current ▁mal aria ▁inter vent ions ▁have ▁substantial ly ▁reduced ▁mal aria ▁disease ▁inc idence ▁across ▁the ▁continent . ▁ ▁Pl as mod ium ▁viv ax ▁pre val ence ▁maps ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁M AP ▁published ▁the ▁first ▁global ▁maps ▁for ▁Pl as mod ium ▁viv ax ▁en demic ity . ▁ ▁Data ▁collection , ▁c uration , ▁and ▁dis sem ination ▁ ▁W HO ▁World ▁Mal aria ▁Re ports ▁ ▁The ▁M AP ▁team ▁works ▁in ▁collaboration ▁with ▁the ▁World ▁Health ▁Organ ization ▁( W HO ) ▁to ▁provide ▁the ▁pre val ence ▁estimates ▁for ▁sub - S ah aran ▁African ▁countries ▁for ▁the ▁annual ▁World ▁Mal aria ▁Report . ▁Additionally , ▁M AP ▁a ids ▁the ▁W HO ▁in ▁production ▁of ▁the ▁annual ▁pre val ence ▁rates ▁maps ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁Mal aria ▁Report . ▁ ▁O ng o ing ▁data ▁c uration ▁ ▁The ▁M AP ▁database ▁is ▁the ▁biggest ▁source ▁of ▁processed ▁mal ari ometric ▁data ▁available . ▁ ▁By ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁M AP ▁database ▁contained : ▁▁ 4 0 , |
0 0 0 ▁ge o - refer enced ▁cluster ▁locations ’ ▁par as ite ▁rate ▁survey ▁records ▁from ▁ 2 , 0 1 0 ▁sources ▁ ▁The ▁database ▁contains ▁approximately ▁ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁Ann ual ▁Par as ite ▁Inc idence ▁( here after ▁API ) ▁records ▁for ▁the ▁years ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁M AP ▁act ively ▁see ks ▁out ▁and ▁cur ates ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁additional ▁data ▁from ▁different ▁sources , ▁including ▁the ▁following : ▁ ▁Mal aria ▁inter vention ▁coverage ▁indicator ▁data ▁Par as ite ▁rate ▁ ▁data ▁ ▁Ann ual ▁Par as ite ▁Inc idence ▁data ▁ ▁Tre at ment - se ek ing ▁data ▁ ▁Sat ellite ▁data ▁to ▁provide ▁cov ari ate ▁r aster ▁surfaces ▁ ▁Blood ▁dis order ▁data ▁Mos qu ito ▁b ion om ics ▁and ▁distribution ▁data ▁ ▁M AP ▁is ▁committed ▁to ▁the ▁free ▁and ▁open ▁dis sem ination ▁of ▁this ▁data ▁( where ▁permission ▁has ▁been ▁granted ▁by ▁the ▁data ▁owner ▁to ▁release ▁it ). ▁ ▁D iss em ination ▁of ▁data ▁is ▁facil itated ▁via ▁the ▁main ▁M AP ▁webpage ▁and ▁the ▁Explorer ▁tool . ▁ ▁The ▁latter ▁allows ▁users ▁to ▁download ▁tab ular ▁data ▁on ▁mal aria ▁by ▁countries . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Center ▁for ▁D ise ase ▁Dynam ics , ▁Econom ics ▁& ▁Policy ▁ ▁The ▁A fri Pop ▁Project ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Mal aria ▁Atlas ▁Project ▁— ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category |
: Mal aria ▁organizations ▁Category : He alth ▁char ities ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁Ur qu ide z ▁is ▁a ▁surname . ▁Notable ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁surname ▁include : ▁ ▁Ben ny ▁Ur qu ide z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 2 ), ▁American ▁kick box er , ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁ch ore ograph er ▁and ▁actor ▁Jason ▁Ur qu ide z ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 2 ), ▁Mexican - American ▁baseball ▁pitch er <0x0A> </s> ▁Ass on et ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁villages ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Fre et own , ▁Massachusetts ▁in ▁Br istol ▁County , ▁Massachusetts , ▁United ▁States . ▁An ▁original ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁town , ▁Ass on et ▁was ▁settled ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 9 ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Fall ▁River , ▁then ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁Fre et own . ▁It ▁rest s ▁on ▁the ▁banks ▁of ▁the ▁Ass on et ▁River . ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁census , ▁the ▁village ▁had ▁a ▁total ▁population ▁of ▁ 4 , 0 8 4 ; ▁up ▁from ▁ 3 , 6 1 4 ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁census ▁the ▁village ▁had ▁a ▁total ▁estimated ▁population ▁of ▁ 9 , 0 9 3 ▁( from ▁www . c ensus . gov ). ▁ ▁History ▁Ass on et ▁was ▁first ▁settled ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 9 , ▁shortly ▁after ▁the ▁completion ▁of ▁Ye ▁Fre emen ' s ▁P urchase |
. ▁It ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁P ly mouth ▁Col ony ▁until ▁the ▁ 1 6 9 1 ▁mer ger ▁with ▁the ▁Massachusetts ▁Bay ▁Col ony . ▁ ▁The ▁word ▁comes ▁from ▁the ▁local ▁W amp ano ag ▁Indians , ▁who ▁had ▁a ▁settlement ▁in ▁the ▁area , ▁and ▁has ▁two ▁mean ings : ▁" place ▁of ▁rocks " ▁and ▁" song ▁of ▁pra ise ". ▁Those ▁mean ings ▁are ▁traditional , ▁but ▁the ▁former ▁can ▁be ▁segment ed ▁as : ▁( h ) ass un - et ▁where ▁h ass un ▁or ▁ass in , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁word ▁used ▁by ▁southern ▁New ▁England ▁Alg on qu ian , ▁means ▁" stone ". ▁The ▁- et ▁is ▁a ▁loc ative ▁suffix : ▁" at ▁the ▁place ▁of ▁the ▁stone ". ▁The ▁entire ▁region ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁the ▁English ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 9 ▁by ▁the ▁W amp ano ags , ▁but , ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁Alg on qu ian ▁mobile ▁way ▁of ▁life ▁and ▁the ▁splitting ▁and ▁recom bin ing ▁of ▁social ▁units , ▁the ▁N ip m uc s ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁subject ▁to ▁or ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁W amp ano ags . ▁ ▁The ▁English ▁settlement ▁remained ▁for ▁many ▁years ▁a ▁small ▁fish ing ▁and ▁far ming ▁village , ▁growing ▁to ▁be ▁Fre et own ' s ▁more ▁industri ous ▁side ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century . ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁Ass on et |
▁had ▁begun ▁to ▁slowly ▁return ▁to ▁its ▁orig ins , ▁having ▁less ▁and ▁less ▁industry ▁in ▁town . ▁At ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁century , ▁the ▁village ▁has ▁once ▁again ▁begun ▁to ▁expand ▁rapidly . ▁▁ 1 7 th ▁century ▁Ass on et ▁was ▁settled ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 6 5 9 , ▁but ▁a ▁string ▁of ▁wars ▁between ▁English ▁sett lers ▁and ▁the ▁local ▁W amp ano ag ▁Indians , ▁including ▁King ▁Philip ' s ▁War , ▁prevent ed ▁much ▁permanent ▁settlement ▁until ▁later . ▁History ▁shows ▁the ▁area ▁existed ▁as ▁a ▁propriet ary ▁settlement ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁ 1 6 8 0 , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 3 ▁Ass on et ▁and ▁Fall ▁River ▁were ▁incorpor ated ▁as ▁the ▁Town ▁of ▁Fre et own , ▁named ▁as ▁such ▁because ▁its ▁sett lers ▁were ▁Fre emen . ▁The ▁earliest ▁records ▁of ▁the ▁town , ▁from ▁approximately ▁ 1 6 8 0 - 1 6 8 5 , ▁have ▁been ▁lost . ▁Since ▁then , ▁records ▁have ▁been ▁kept ▁and ▁maintained ▁to ▁trace ▁back ▁the ▁town ' s ▁legacy . ▁Little ▁development ▁occurred ▁after ▁the ▁incorpor ation ▁of ▁the ▁town , ▁other ▁than ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁houses ▁and ▁smaller ▁business es . ▁▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁Ass on et ▁became ▁a ▁prominent ▁commercial ▁fish ing ▁port ▁in ▁S out he astern ▁Massachusetts ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁tr out . ▁Indust ry ▁had ▁also ▁begun ▁to |
▁develop , ▁including ▁gr ist ▁mill s , ▁saw m ills ▁and ▁a ▁black sm ith ' s ▁shop . ▁As ▁the ▁century ▁progress ed , ▁the ▁vill agers ▁began ▁to ▁fall ▁under ▁the ▁same ▁stra ins ▁as ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁colon ists . ▁Ass on et ▁was ▁far ▁enough ▁east ▁that ▁it ▁avoided ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁problems ▁faced ▁during ▁the ▁French ▁and ▁Indian ▁War , ▁but ▁did ▁feature ▁in ▁the ▁Revolution ary ▁War . ▁Sk irm ishes ▁were ▁fought ▁in ▁Ass on et , ▁and ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Fre et own ▁was ▁fought ▁on ▁the ▁out sk ir ts ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁in ▁present - day ▁Fall ▁River . ▁The ▁main ▁settled ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁British , ▁even ▁har bor ing ▁a ▁general ▁before ▁he ▁fled ▁to ▁New port , ▁Rh ode ▁Island . ▁The ▁white ▁chim ne ys ▁with ▁black ▁rings ▁on ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁oldest ▁houses ▁are ▁indic ative ▁of ▁homes ▁that ▁supported ▁the ▁British . ▁As ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁closed , ▁churches ▁and ▁other ▁more ▁prominent ▁buildings ▁began ▁to ▁pop ▁up ▁around ▁the ▁village , ▁including ▁the ▁ 1 7 9 4 ▁construction ▁of ▁Village ▁School , ▁then ▁the ▁office ▁of ▁a ▁Ray n ham ▁lawyer . ▁▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁was ▁perhaps ▁the ▁most ▁industri ous ▁period ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁Ass on et . ▁The ▁village ▁developed ▁rapidly , ▁with ▁its ▁combination ▁of ▁rail ro ads , ▁ships , |
▁its ▁position ▁on ▁the ▁stage co ach ▁and ▁mail ▁routes , ▁and ▁its ▁fact ories . ▁The ▁current ▁Route ▁ 7 9 ▁roughly ▁follows ▁the ▁mail ▁and ▁stage co ach ▁route ▁from ▁Rh ode ▁Island ▁to ▁Boston , ▁and ▁the ▁Green ▁Dragon ▁Ta vern ▁on ▁South ▁Main ▁Street ▁was ▁a ▁popular ▁stop over ▁along ▁the ▁route . ▁The ▁dow nt own ▁area ▁bo asted ▁ship building ▁and ▁was ▁an ▁import / export ▁port , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁successful ▁fish ing ▁industry . ▁ ▁The ▁N . ▁R . ▁Davis ▁Gun ▁Man uf actory , ▁located ▁near ▁and ▁on ▁a ▁portion ▁of ▁where ▁H ath away ▁Park ▁now ▁s its , ▁opened ▁and ▁provided ▁many ▁weapons ▁to ▁Union ▁soldiers ▁during ▁the ▁Civil ▁War . ▁Also ▁built ▁was ▁the ▁Cry stal ▁Spr ings ▁Ble ach ery ▁and ▁D ying ▁Company , ▁which ▁brought ▁mill h ous ing ▁to ▁a ▁small ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁village , ▁and ▁employed ▁many ▁from ▁town ▁and ▁neighbor ing ▁Fall ▁River , ▁also ▁known ▁for ▁industry . ▁ ▁North ▁Church ▁( 1 8 0 9 ), ▁Town ▁Hall ▁( 1 8 8 8 ), ▁and ▁the ▁Gu il ford ▁H . ▁H ath away ▁Library ▁( 1 8 9 5 ) ▁were ▁all ▁constructed ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁small ▁area ▁on ▁Ta un ton ▁Hill , ▁and ▁compl iment ed ▁the ▁Village ▁School ▁nicely . ▁The ▁Town ▁Hall ▁has ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁municipal ▁office ▁building ▁( 1 8 8 8 – present ), ▁meeting ▁hall ▁( 1 8 8 8 – |
1 9 7 6 ), ▁library ▁( 1 8 8 8 – 1 8 9 5 ), ▁police ▁station ▁( 1 8 8 8 – 1 9 7 8 ), ▁and ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁other ▁functions . ▁The ▁second ▁floor , ▁literally ▁a ▁hall , ▁was ▁sub div ided ▁into ▁office ▁space ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 7 0 s . ▁The ▁Gu il ford ▁H ath away ▁Library ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 9 5 ) ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁town ' s ▁only ▁library ▁from ▁its ▁construction ▁until ▁the ▁James ▁White ▁Library ▁opened ▁in ▁East ▁Fre et own ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁The ▁first ▁Post ▁Office ▁in ▁town ▁opened ▁in ▁Ass on et ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 1 , ▁and ▁has ▁operated ▁continu ously ▁since ▁then , ▁first ▁in ▁a ▁raz ed ▁building ▁on ▁the ▁corner ▁of ▁El m ▁and ▁North ▁Main ▁Stre ets , ▁later ▁in ▁a ▁second ▁raz ed ▁building , ▁and ▁since ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁at ▁the ▁facility ▁on ▁South ▁Main ▁Street ▁near ▁the ▁former ▁Ass on et ▁Star ▁Market . ▁The ▁Z IP ▁Code ▁for ▁Ass on et ▁is ▁ 0 2 7 0 2 . ▁▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁mid - 2 0 th ▁century , ▁Ass on et ▁began ▁to ▁remove ▁itself ▁from ▁the ▁commercial / indust rial ▁scene . ▁Most ▁of ▁its ▁mill s ▁closed ▁during ▁this ▁period , ▁following ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War . ▁The ▁N . ▁R . ▁Davis ▁Gun ▁Factory |
▁burn ed ▁to ▁the ▁ground ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 5 ; ▁and ▁the ▁Cry stal ▁Spr ings ▁Ble ach ery , ▁now ▁New ▁England ▁Text ile , ▁burn ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 . ▁( Rem n ants ▁of ▁the ▁latter ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁by ▁Mill ▁P ond .) ▁The ▁former ▁Monument ▁Man ufact uring ▁Company ▁on ▁Mill ▁& ▁Loc ust ▁St s . ▁was ▁the ▁largest ▁domestic ▁producer ▁of ▁sleep ing ▁b ags ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁In ▁the ▁post war ▁period , ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁vill agers ▁sought ▁work ▁outside ▁of ▁town , ▁and ▁far ming ▁also ▁came ▁back ▁into ▁common ▁practice . ▁This ▁reverse ▁tr end ▁would ▁not ▁last ▁long . ▁By ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁the ▁village ▁began ▁to ▁develop ▁again ▁as ▁the ▁region ▁was ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁" gre at ▁escape " ▁for ▁upper class ▁Boston ▁workers . ▁ ▁Next ▁to ▁the ▁H ath away ▁Library ▁is ▁a ▁local ▁Ver izon ▁station , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁regional ▁d ial ing ▁systems . ▁Not ▁far ▁away ▁is ▁Fre et own ▁Fire ▁Department ▁Company ▁ 1 , ▁constructed ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 . ▁▁ 2 1 st ▁century ▁The ▁ 2 1 st ▁century ▁has ▁brought ▁a ▁renew ed ▁spirit ▁to ▁Ass on et . ▁The ▁Stop ▁& ▁Sh op ▁Super market ▁Company ▁opened ▁a ▁new ▁ 1 . 3 ▁million ▁square ▁foot ▁( 1 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁m 2 ) |
▁distribution ▁center ▁on ▁near ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁Cry stal ▁Spr ings ▁Ble ach ery ▁after ▁it ▁received ▁a ▁tax ▁increment ▁finan cing ▁agreement ▁from ▁the ▁town , ▁which ▁has ▁saved ▁the ▁company ▁almost ▁$ 2 ▁million ▁in ▁property ▁tax ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁They ▁provided ▁over ▁ 8 0 0 ▁jobs ▁to ▁the ▁region ▁but ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁only ▁ 3 6 ▁of ▁those ▁jobs ▁are ▁held ▁by ▁residents ▁of ▁Fre et own . ▁Port ions ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁were ▁designated ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places . ▁ ▁Historic ▁District ▁ ▁The ▁Ass on et ▁Historic ▁District ▁has ▁been ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁The ▁boundaries ▁are , ▁roughly , ▁High ▁Street , ▁the ▁rail road ▁tracks , ▁a ▁private ▁road , ▁and ▁Route ▁ 2 4 . ▁It ▁contains ▁many ▁buildings ▁of ▁local ▁and ▁w ides p read ▁historical ▁significance , ▁including ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁John ▁Hay ' s ▁grand father . ▁ ▁Properties ▁Ass on et ▁B ury ing ▁Gr ound ▁( c . 1 8 0 0 ) ▁Col . ▁Thomas ▁Gilbert ▁House ▁( c . 1 7 0 0 ) ▁Fre et own ▁Town ▁Hall ▁( 1 8 8 8 ) ▁Gu il ford ▁H . ▁H ath away ▁Library ▁( 1 8 9 5 ) ▁North ▁Church ▁( 1 8 0 9 ) ▁( now ▁the ▁United ▁Church ▁of ▁Ass on |
et ) ▁South ▁Church ▁( c . 1 8 3 5 ) ▁( now ▁St . ▁Bernard ' s ▁Church ) ▁Village ▁School ▁( 1 7 9 4 ) ▁ ▁Church es ▁In ▁ 1 7 9 5 , ▁ 1 8 3 5 , ▁ 1 8 0 9 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁three ▁Christian ▁churches ▁were ▁built ▁in ▁Ass on et . ▁Additionally , ▁throughout ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁and ▁ 1 8 th ▁centuries , ▁several ▁Qu aker ▁meeting h ouses ▁were ▁active . ▁ ▁Bapt ist ▁Church ▁The ▁original ▁Bapt ist ▁Church ▁( 1 7 9 5 ) ▁was ▁built ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁South ▁Church . ▁The ▁building ▁suffered ▁a ▁string ▁of ▁mis fort une , ▁cul min ating ▁with ▁it ▁burning ▁following ▁a ▁light ning ▁strike ▁c . ▁ 1 8 3 5 . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁maintained , ▁but ▁arg u ably ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁was ▁new ▁as ▁of ▁ 1 8 3 5 . ▁ ▁South ▁Church ▁South ▁Church ▁( 1 7 9 5 / 1 8 3 5 ) ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁First ▁Christian ▁Church ▁of ▁Ass on et ▁stead ily ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁then ▁again ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 7 – 1 9 2 2 . ▁At ▁this ▁time , ▁it ▁began ▁altern ating ▁week ly ▁services ▁with ▁the ▁Cong reg ational ▁Church , ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 2 - 1 9 4 4 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 |
6 8 , ▁the ▁church ▁combined ▁with ▁the ▁Cong reg ational ▁Church ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁United ▁Church ▁of ▁Ass on et , ▁and ▁South ▁Church ▁was ▁sold ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁A ▁par son age ▁was ▁built ▁to ▁its ▁left ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 9 , ▁and ▁there ▁are ▁c em eter ies ▁both ▁across ▁the ▁street ▁from ▁the ▁church , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁property . ▁Bapt isms ▁were ▁originally ▁performed ▁in ▁the ▁Ass on et ▁River . ▁ ▁North ▁Church ▁North ▁Church ▁( 1 8 0 9 ) ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Cong reg ational ▁Church ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁when ▁it ▁formed ▁the ▁Feder ated ▁Church ▁of ▁Ass on et . ▁Its ▁on - and - off ▁independence ▁mirror ed ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Christian ▁Church , ▁except ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 6 - 1 9 1 7 ▁North ▁Church ▁was ▁the ▁facility ▁util ized . ▁The ▁joining ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁con greg ations ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁fell ▁under ▁the ▁roof ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁Church , ▁which ▁is ▁still ▁used ▁today . ▁The ▁ste e ple ▁of ▁the ▁church ▁contains ▁a ▁bell ▁cast ▁by ▁Paul ▁Re vere . ▁A ▁non - adj acent ▁par son age ▁still ▁exists ▁further ▁up ▁Ta un ton ▁Hill ▁as ▁a ▁business . ▁ ▁The ▁church ▁currently ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Church ▁of ▁Christ . ▁ ▁Rev . ▁Gregory ▁N . ▁Baker ▁serves ▁as ▁minister . ▁ ▁St . ▁Bernard ' s ▁Church ▁ ▁Roman ▁C |
athol ics ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁home ▁in ▁Ass on et ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁when ▁a ▁mission ▁was ▁created . ▁Services ▁were ▁held ▁in ▁private ▁homes ▁until ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁when ▁St . ▁Bernard ' s ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁was ▁constructed ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁Col . ▁Eb ene e zer ▁Pier ce ' s ▁home ▁on ▁So . ▁Main ▁St . ▁It ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 . ▁As ▁the ▁con greg ation ▁grew ▁too ▁large ▁for ▁the ▁small ▁church , ▁St . ▁Bernard ' s ▁Church ▁was ▁sold ▁and ▁its ▁parish ion ers ▁moved ▁into ▁South ▁Church , ▁heavily ▁renov ated ▁and ▁renamed ▁St . ▁Bernard ' s ▁Church . ▁St . ▁Bernard ' s ▁Par ish ▁remains ▁in ▁South ▁Church ▁, ▁and ▁the ▁par son age ▁has ▁remained ▁as ▁the ▁rect ory . ▁ ▁The ▁former ▁St . ▁Bernard ' s , ▁which ▁was ▁sold ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁string ▁of ▁business es ▁since ▁then . ▁Most ▁recently , ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁din er , ▁then ▁a ▁Greek ▁restaurant , ▁a ▁mart ial ▁arts ▁studio , ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁private ▁residence . ▁ ▁Ass on et ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁Fall ▁River . ▁ ▁School s ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁until ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁Fre et own ▁was ▁serv iced ▁by ▁several ▁neighborhood ▁grammar ▁schools , ▁at ▁least ▁three ▁of ▁which ▁existed ▁in |
▁Ass on et . ▁ ▁South ▁School ▁South ▁School , ▁ 1 8 6 9 – 1 9 5 0 , ▁currently ▁exists ▁at ▁the ▁corner ▁of ▁Cop icut ▁Road ▁and ▁South ▁Main ▁Street . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁three - room ▁school house ▁used ▁initially ▁for ▁gr ades ▁ 1 – 8 , ▁and ▁later ▁for ▁gr ades ▁ 3 – 6 ▁and ▁" special ▁class ". ▁Gr ades ▁ 3 – 4 ▁were ▁in ▁one ▁room ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁and ▁gr ades ▁ 5 – 6 ▁in ▁one ▁room ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁building . ▁There ▁was ▁one ▁teacher ▁for ▁each ▁room ▁of ▁two ▁gr ades . ▁Eth el ▁O ' B rien ▁was ▁the ▁gr ades ▁ 5 – 6 ▁teacher ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 4 0 s . ▁There ▁were ▁no ▁bath rooms ▁and ▁the ▁ou th ouse ▁( since ▁raz ed ) ▁was ▁located ▁at ▁the ▁North west ▁corner . ▁A ▁grass y ▁play ▁area ▁was ▁adjacent ▁the ▁gr ades ▁ 3 – 4 ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁and ▁Red ▁R over ▁was ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁street ▁at ▁re cess ▁time . ▁Before ▁being ▁abandoned , ▁it ▁spent ▁time ▁as ▁an ▁American ▁Leg ion ▁hall . ▁It ▁is ▁currently ▁un occup ied , ▁but ▁remains ▁in ▁the ▁possession ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Leg ion . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁one - story , ▁ground - level ▁building ▁with ▁three ▁rooms . ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁disc ern ible ▁cell ar . ▁The ▁building ▁is |
▁constructed ▁of ▁brick , ▁and ▁is ▁covered ▁in ▁white ▁cla p boards . ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁windows ▁have ▁been ▁removed ▁or ▁board ed ▁over , ▁so ▁an ▁analysis ▁cannot ▁be ▁provided . ▁There ▁were ▁windows ▁on ▁the ▁East ▁and ▁West ▁walls ▁that ▁are ▁no ▁longer ▁visible ▁( 2 0 1 2 ). ▁ ▁Village ▁School ▁Village ▁School , ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁currently ▁exists ▁on ▁Ta un ton ▁Hill ▁between ▁the ▁Town ▁Hall ▁and ▁North ▁Church , ▁being ▁the ▁elder ▁of ▁those ▁two ▁buildings ▁by ▁ 9 4 ▁and ▁ 1 5 ▁years , ▁respectively . ▁It ▁began ▁as ▁a ▁lawyer ' s ▁office ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 4 , ▁then ▁became ▁a ▁string ▁of ▁schools . ▁Origin ally , ▁the ▁minister ▁of ▁North ▁Church ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁school master . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 8 5 0 s ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁private ▁school , ▁the ▁Ass on et ▁Academy . ▁It ▁was ▁purchased ▁by ▁the ▁town ▁circa ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁and ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁grammar ▁school ▁until ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁for ▁gr ades ▁ 1 - 8 , ▁and ▁later ▁gr ades ▁ 1 ▁and ▁ 2 . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 0 s , ▁gr ades ▁ 1 - 2 ▁were ▁on ▁the ▁left ▁( S outh ) ▁side ▁and ▁gr ades ▁ 7 - 8 ▁on ▁the ▁right ▁( N orth ) ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁building . ▁He at ▁was ▁provided ▁by ▁a ▁pot - bel lied ▁wood - |
burn ing ▁st ove ▁in ▁each ▁room . ▁Mrs . ▁C ud worth ▁was ▁the ▁gr ades ▁ 1 - 2 ▁teacher ▁and ▁both ▁gr ades ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁room ; ▁two ▁gr ades , ▁one ▁teacher . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁the ▁structure ▁was ▁used ▁for ▁public ▁meet ings ▁of ▁municipal ▁comm itte es . ▁Through out ▁its ▁history , ▁it ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁meeting ▁place ▁for ▁local ▁Boy ▁and ▁Girl ▁Sc out ▁troops . ▁Currently , ▁the ▁Town ▁Hall ▁uses ▁it ▁for ▁storage . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁two - story ▁building , ▁with ▁two ▁rooms ▁on ▁the ▁upper ▁( primary ) ▁floor . ▁The ▁lower ▁floor ▁is ▁a ▁two - room ▁cell ar , ▁and ▁partially ▁under ground . ▁The ▁foundation ▁is ▁brick , ▁and ▁the ▁building ▁itself ▁is ▁wood . ▁The ▁exterior ▁is ▁white ▁cla p boards , ▁and ▁the ▁front ▁st air case ▁has ▁a ▁port ico ▁and ▁both ▁wooden ▁and ▁iron ▁rail ings . ▁A ▁cup ola ▁ad orn s ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁roof , ▁and ▁the ▁windows ▁are ▁six - over - one . ▁The ▁interior ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁is ▁divided ▁in ▁the ▁center , ▁with ▁the ▁wall ▁trav elling ▁parallel ▁to ▁School ▁Street ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁front ▁doors . ▁Each ▁room ▁has ▁ch alk boards ▁( black boards ) ▁running ▁along ▁the ▁walls , ▁and ▁h anging ▁fi xt ures ▁from ▁the ▁ce iling ▁provide ▁artificial ▁light ▁when ▁necessary |
. ▁The ▁building ▁has ▁no ▁pl umb ing ▁and ▁a ▁wood st ove ▁provides ▁heat , ▁with ▁a ▁central ▁brick ▁chim ney . ▁An ▁ou th ouse , ▁now ▁raz ed , ▁was ▁located ▁at ▁the ▁left ▁rear ▁of ▁the ▁building . ▁ ▁F acing ▁the ▁building ▁from ▁Ta un ton ▁Hill , ▁the ▁r ighth and ▁room ▁is ▁painted ▁in ▁bright ▁colors , ▁and ▁was ▁formerly ▁used ▁for ▁meet ings ▁of ▁the ▁Girl ▁Sc outs ▁and ▁the ▁town ' s ▁Cultural ▁Council . ▁The ▁le f th and ▁room ▁is ▁panel led ▁in ▁f aux ▁st ained ▁wood , ▁and ▁was ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁Boy ▁Sc outs . ▁ ▁A ▁rev ital ization ▁effort , ▁begun ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁ago , ▁see ks ▁funds ▁to ▁help ▁restore ▁the ▁a iling ▁structure , ▁which ▁suff ers ▁from ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁weather , ▁rot , ▁d eter ior ation , ▁and ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁maintenance ▁funds . ▁ ▁See ▁also : ▁Village ▁School ▁House ▁Rest oration ▁ ▁For ge ▁School ▁The ▁latest ▁in ▁a ▁string ▁of ▁schools ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁For ge ▁School ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁It ▁function ed ▁irregular ly ▁from ▁c . 1 9 2 0 ▁- ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁and ▁hous ed ▁gr ades ▁ 7 ▁and ▁ 8 . ▁The ▁school house ▁was ▁later ▁converted ▁to ▁a ▁dwell ing ▁house , ▁which ▁burn ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁It ▁has ▁since ▁been ▁re built , ▁now ▁with ▁d orm ers |
. ▁From ▁ 1 8 5 7 - 1 8 6 2 , ▁the ▁For ge ▁School ▁existed ▁in ▁an ▁out building ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" c orn ▁c rib " ▁on ▁the ▁property ▁of ▁Daniel ▁Ma com ber ▁on ▁For ge ▁Road , ▁which ▁was ▁once ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁oldest ▁dwell ing ▁in ▁town , ▁d ating ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century . ▁ ▁Today ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁on , ▁students ▁have ▁attended ▁the ▁Fre et own ▁Element ary ▁School , ▁first ▁for ▁gr ades ▁ 1 - 8 , ▁later ▁K - 6 , ▁and ▁currently ▁Pre K - 3 . ▁Stud ents ▁then ▁attend ▁the ▁ ▁George ▁R . ▁Austin ▁Inter mediate ▁School ▁for ▁gr ades ▁ 4 - 5 , ▁and ▁Fre et own - L ake ville ▁Middle ▁School ▁for ▁gr ades ▁ 6 - 8 . ▁ ▁For ▁public ▁secondary ▁education , ▁students ▁have ▁three ▁options : ▁App one quet ▁Regional ▁High ▁School ▁serves ▁students ▁with ▁an ▁academic ▁focus ▁for ▁gr ades ▁ 9 - 1 2 . ▁Old ▁Col ony ▁Regional ▁V oc ational ▁Techn ical ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁Ro chester ▁accepts ▁students ▁from ▁Ass on et ▁when ▁there ▁are ▁open ings , ▁and ▁provides ▁a ▁voc - tech ▁atmosphere . ▁Br istol ▁County ▁Agricult ural ▁High ▁School ▁serves ▁students ▁wanting ▁to ▁focus ▁primarily ▁in ▁agricult ural ▁and ▁animal ▁studies . ▁ ▁In ▁addition , ▁there ▁are ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁Catholic ▁high ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁ ▁Geography |
▁ ▁Ass on et ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁S out he astern ▁Massachusetts . ▁It ▁is ▁bounded ▁by ▁Fall ▁River , ▁Ber k ley , ▁Lake ville , ▁East ▁Fre et own , ▁and ▁the ▁Ass on et ▁River . ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁h illy ▁terrain , ▁with ▁many ▁out cro ppings ▁of ▁bed rock . ▁One ▁such ▁out cro pping ▁is ▁the ▁famous ▁Profile ▁Rock , ▁a ▁rock ▁said ▁to ▁res emble ▁the ▁profile ▁of ▁W amp ano ag ▁Indian ▁chief ▁Mass aso it . ▁Map le , ▁el m , ▁o ak , ▁p ine , ▁and ▁bir ch ▁trees ▁are ▁common ▁throughout . ▁N umer ous ▁streams ▁and ▁bro oks ▁flow ▁through ▁the ▁village , ▁as ▁does ▁the ▁Ass on et ▁River . ▁ ▁Bod ies ▁of ▁water ▁include ▁Ass on et ▁Bay ▁and ▁Mill ▁P ond . ▁Bry ant ' s ▁Ne ck , ▁also ▁called ▁Ass on et ▁Bay ▁Sh ores , ▁is ▁a ▁large ▁pen ins ula ▁situated ▁between ▁She ph ard ' s ▁C ove ▁and ▁Ass on et ▁proper ▁on ▁Ass on et ▁Bay . ▁This ▁area ▁is ▁also ▁well ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁salt ▁mar sh es . ▁The ▁area ▁around ▁Mill ▁P ond ▁is ▁frequ ented ▁for ▁its ▁her ring ▁runs . ▁ ▁A ▁large ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁compr ises ▁approximately ▁one ▁third ▁of ▁the ▁Fre et own - F all ▁River ▁State ▁Forest . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁list ings ▁in ▁Br istol ▁County , ▁Massachusetts ▁ |
▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Fri ends ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pres ervation ▁- ▁Fre et own , ▁Massachusetts ▁ ▁Ass on et ▁Bay ▁Sh ores ▁Association ▁ ▁Category : F reet own , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : H istor ic ▁districts ▁in ▁Br istol ▁County , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : 1 6 5 9 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : H istor ic ▁districts ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Br istol ▁County , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁coast al ▁places ▁in ▁Fre et own , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 9 ▁Category : Pro v idence ▁metropol itan ▁area ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Br istol ▁County , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Massachusetts <0x0A> </s> ▁Br am pton ▁Fire ▁and ▁Emer gency ▁Services ▁provides ▁fire ▁protection , ▁technical ▁rescue ▁services , ▁ha z ard ous ▁materials ▁response , ▁and ▁first ▁res ponder ▁emer gency ▁medical ▁assistance ▁to ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Br am pton ▁in ▁the ▁Pe el ▁Region ▁of ▁Ontario , ▁Canada . ▁It ▁oper ates ▁th ir teen ▁fire ▁h alls ▁and ▁coordinates ▁with ▁other ▁emer gency ▁services ▁in ▁Pe el ▁Region ▁and ▁the ▁Gre ater ▁Toronto ▁Area : ▁▁ ▁Mississ aug a ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ▁ ▁Toronto ▁Fire ▁Services ▁ ▁C aled on ▁Fire ▁Department ▁ ▁V aug han ▁Fire ▁Res cue ▁ ▁A ▁list ▁of ▁fire ▁h alls ▁and ▁locations ▁and ▁current ▁appar atus ▁as ▁of ▁A pr |
▁ 2 0 1 9 : ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Pe el ▁Regional ▁Police ▁ ▁Pe el ▁Regional ▁Par amed ic ▁Services ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁web ▁site ▁Br am pton ▁Fire ▁Live ▁Audio ▁Fe ed ▁ ▁Category : M unicip al ▁government ▁of ▁Br am pton ▁Category : Fire ▁depart ments ▁in ▁Ontario <0x0A> </s> ▁Su z lon ▁Energy ▁Ltd . ▁is ▁a ▁wind ▁tur bine ▁supp lier ▁based ▁in ▁P une , ▁India . ▁It ▁was ▁formerly ▁ranked ▁by ▁MA KE ▁as ▁the ▁world ' s ▁fifth ▁largest ▁wind ▁tur bine ▁supp lier . ▁It ▁has ▁since ▁dropped ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁Global ▁top ▁ten ▁rank ings ▁( as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁due ▁to ▁extensive ▁losses ▁and ▁in ability ▁to ▁rep ay ▁deb ts . ▁ ▁The ▁company ' s ▁website ▁claims ▁to ▁have ▁over ▁ 1 7 , 0 0 0 ▁M W ▁of ▁wind ▁energy ▁capacity ▁installed ▁glob ally , ▁with ▁operations ▁across ▁ 1 8 ▁countries ▁and ▁a ▁work force ▁of ▁over ▁ 8 , 0 0 0 . ▁Despite ▁financial ▁issues , ▁it ▁continues ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁major ▁manufact urer ▁of ▁wind ▁tur b ines ; ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁company ▁posted ▁a ▁profit ▁E BIT DA ▁after ▁acc ru ing ▁losses ▁over ▁seven ▁consecutive ▁years . ▁ ▁The ▁company ▁is ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Stock ▁Exchange ▁of ▁India ▁( N SE : SU Z L ONE Q ) ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁Bomb ay ▁Stock ▁Exchange ▁( B SE : |
5 3 2 6 6 7 ). ▁Though ▁once ▁considered ▁a ▁fav ou rable ▁stock , ▁and ▁a ▁favour ite ▁of ▁the ▁stock ▁bro ker ▁R akes h ▁J h un j h un w ala , ▁it ▁fell ▁out ▁of ▁favour ▁as ▁the ▁company ▁posted ▁continuous ▁losses . ▁It ▁fell ▁from ▁a ▁high ▁of ▁R s . ▁ 6 8 . 7 5 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁to ▁a ▁low ▁of ▁R s . ▁ 1 8 . 5 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁with ▁a ▁single ▁day ▁drop ▁of ▁ 1 0 % ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁It ▁continues ▁to ▁trade ▁low ▁at ▁less ▁than ▁R s . ▁ 3 . 5 ▁per ▁share ▁in ▁Sep - 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Company ▁structure ▁▁ ▁Su z lon ▁is ▁a ▁vert ically ▁integrated ▁wind ▁power ▁company . ▁It ▁makes ▁and ▁install s ▁wind ▁tur b ines , ▁and ▁manufact ures ▁bl ades , ▁gener ators , ▁pan els , ▁and ▁to wers ▁in - house . ▁It ▁is ▁integrated ▁down stream ▁and ▁del ivers ▁turn key ▁projects ▁through ▁its ▁project ▁management ▁and ▁installation ▁consult ancy , ▁and ▁operations ▁& ▁maintenance ▁services . ▁Su z lon ▁has ▁offices , ▁R & D ▁and ▁technology ▁cent res , ▁manufact uring ▁facilities ▁and ▁service ▁support ▁cent res ▁spread ▁across ▁the ▁glo be , ▁with ▁its ▁head ▁office ▁in ▁P une , ▁India . ▁The ▁company ' s ▁larger ▁offices , ▁design ▁and ▁R & D |
▁teams ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁India , ▁Germany , ▁Den mark ▁and ▁The ▁Netherlands . ▁As ▁per ▁its ▁website , ▁Su z lon ▁has ▁fifteen ▁manufact uring ▁facilities ▁and ▁a ▁work force ▁of ▁over ▁ 8 , 0 0 0 ▁employees ▁glob ally . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁founder ▁Tul si ▁T anti ▁was ▁man aging ▁a ▁ 2 0 - employee ▁text ile ▁company . ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁err atic ▁avail ability ▁of ▁power ▁locally , ▁and ▁its ▁rising ▁costs , ▁the ▁highest ▁business ▁exp end iture ▁after ▁the ▁raw ▁materials ▁was ▁electric ity . ▁The ▁cost ▁of ▁electric ity ▁also ▁offset ▁any ▁prof its ▁made ▁by ▁the ▁company . ▁After ▁providing ▁electric ity ▁for ▁his ▁own ▁company , ▁T anti ▁moved ▁into ▁wind ▁energy ▁production ▁as ▁a ▁way ▁to ▁secure ▁the ▁text ile ▁company ' s ▁energy ▁needs , ▁and ▁founded ▁Su z lon ▁Energy . ▁Su z lon ▁adopted ▁a ▁business ▁model ▁where in ▁clients ▁would ▁be ▁responsible ▁for ▁ 2 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁up - front ▁capital ▁invest ment ▁and ▁Su z lon ▁would ▁ar range ▁the ▁remaining ▁ 7 5 % ▁on ▁loan . ▁Initial ly , ▁banks ▁were ▁hes it ant ▁to ▁fund ▁lo ans ▁for ▁this ▁model , ▁but ▁by ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁many ▁Indian ▁banks ▁started ▁finan cing ▁wind ▁power ▁projects ▁for ▁Su z lon ▁clients . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁T anti ▁sold ▁off ▁the ▁text ile ▁business ; ▁Su z |
lon ▁is ▁still ▁act ively ▁run ▁by ▁Tul si ▁T anti , ▁now ▁in ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁Chair man , ▁Su z lon ▁Group . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁Su z lon ▁got ▁its ▁first ▁order ▁in ▁USA ▁from ▁Dan Mar ▁& ▁Associ ates ▁to ▁supply ▁ 2 4 ▁tur b ines ▁in ▁south western ▁Minnesota . ▁Also ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Su z lon ▁set ▁up ▁an ▁office ▁in ▁Be ij ing . ▁ ▁Su z lon ▁Rot or ▁Corporation ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁began ▁producing ▁the ▁bl ades ▁in ▁P ip estone , ▁Minnesota ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Among ▁its ▁clients ▁is ▁Wind ▁Capital ▁Group . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Su z lon ▁reached ▁a ▁definit ive ▁agreement ▁for ▁ac quisition ▁of ▁Belg ium ▁firm ▁Hans en ▁Trans m issions , ▁special izing ▁in ▁g ear box es ▁for ▁wind ▁tur b ines , ▁for ▁$ 5 6 5 ▁million . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁company ▁purchased ▁a ▁cont rolling ▁st ake ▁in ▁Germany ' s ▁Sen v ion ▁( then ▁operating ▁as ▁RE power ▁Systems ) ▁which ▁val ued ▁the ▁firm ▁at ▁US $ 1 . 6 ▁billion . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Su z lon ▁had ▁signed ▁a ▁contract ▁with ▁Ed ison ▁Mission ▁Energy ▁( E ME ) ▁of ▁US ▁for ▁delivery ▁of ▁ 1 5 0 ▁wind ▁tur b ines ▁of ▁ 2 |
Subsets and Splits