text
stringlengths 505
4.3k
|
|---|
▁and ▁h agi ography ▁through ▁teaching , ▁organ ising ▁and ▁present ing ▁at ▁international ▁con ferences , ▁author ing ▁and ▁editing ▁books ▁and ▁source ▁ed itions , ▁and ▁publishing ▁around ▁ 6 0 ▁individual ▁scholar ly ▁studies , ▁was ▁ ▁' intern ation ally ▁recogn ised '. ▁ ▁Death ▁ ▁S ág hy ▁died ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁fifty - se ven . ▁Her ▁last ▁book , ▁Saint ▁Martin , ▁Sold ier ▁of ▁Christ , ▁was ▁published ▁only ▁a ▁few ▁weeks ▁before ▁her ▁death . ▁A ▁Col lo qu ium ▁in ▁her ▁honour ▁will ▁be ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁Central ▁European ▁University ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁entitled ▁' Dis / emb od iment ▁and ▁Im / material ity : ▁Un cover ing ▁the ▁Body , ▁G ender ▁and ▁Sex ual ity ▁in ▁Philosoph ies ▁of ▁Late ▁Anti qu ity ▁- ▁In ▁Mem or iam ▁Marian ne ▁S agh ▁( 1 9 6 1 - 2 0 1 8 ). ▁Spe akers ▁include ▁Professor ▁Sus anna ▁El m . ▁The ▁Hung arian ▁Institute ▁of ▁Paris ▁hon ores ▁her ▁in ▁november ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁with ▁a ▁presentation ▁of ▁a ▁book ▁published ▁a ▁few ▁weeks ▁after ▁her ▁death : ▁an ▁edition , ▁f rench ▁translation ▁and ▁presentation ▁of ▁the ▁works ▁of ▁Pierre ▁Dub ois , ▁De ▁la ▁recon qu ête ▁de ▁la ▁Ter re ▁Sainte ▁- ▁De ▁l ' ab r èg ement ▁des ▁guer res ▁et ▁proc ès ▁du ▁ro |
yaume ▁des ▁Fran cs , ▁intro , ▁éd . ▁et ▁trad . ▁M . ▁S AG H Y , ▁A . ▁LE ON AS ▁et ▁P .- A . ▁FOR CA DE T , ▁Les ▁B elles ▁Let tres , ▁Paris , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Publications ▁ ▁Mon ograph s ▁and ▁edited ▁volumes ▁▁ ▁( ed .) ▁Women ▁and ▁Power ▁in ▁East ▁Central ▁Europe : ▁Med ieval ▁and ▁Modern ▁( Id yl ly w ild : ▁Charles ▁Sch lack s , ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Women ▁and ▁Power ▁in ▁East ▁Central ▁Europe : ▁Med ieval ▁and ▁Modern ▁( Los ▁Angeles : ▁Ch . ▁Sch lack s , ▁Centre ▁for ▁Mult iet nic ▁and ▁Trans n ational ▁Studies , ▁University ▁of ▁Southern ▁California , ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ ▁Ver se k ▁és ▁v ér tan ú k : ▁a ▁r ó mai ▁má rt ír k ult usz ▁Dam as us ▁p á pa ▁kor ában , ▁ 3 6 6 - 3 8 4 ▁[ Po ems ▁and ▁mart y rs : ▁The ▁Roman ▁cult ▁of ▁mart y rs ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁Pope ▁Dam as us ] ▁( B ud apest : ▁Hung arus ▁Paul us , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁I sten ▁bar á ta i : ▁Sz ent ▁és ▁sz ent é let raj z ▁a ▁k éső ▁ant ik v it ás ban ▁[ Fri ends ▁of ▁God : ▁Sain ts ▁and ▁h agi ography ▁in |
▁the ▁Late ▁Anti qu ity ] ▁( B ud apest ▁: ▁K ai ros z , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Fif teen ▁Years ▁of ▁Med ieval ▁Studies ▁in ▁Central ▁Europe ▁( B ud apest : ▁Central ▁European ▁University , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁( ed . ▁with ▁M iche le ▁R ene e ▁Sal z man ▁and ▁R ita ▁L iz zi ▁Test a ) ▁P ag ans ▁and ▁Christians ▁in ▁Late ▁Ant ique ▁Rome : ▁Conf lict , ▁Compet ition , ▁and ▁Co ex istence ▁in ▁the ▁Four th ▁Century ▁( C amb ridge : ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁( ed . ▁with ▁Edward ▁M . ▁School man ) ▁P ag ans ▁and ▁Christians ▁in ▁the ▁Late ▁Roman ▁Empire : ▁New ▁Ev idence , ▁New ▁Appro aches ▁( 4 th - 8 th ▁centuries ) ▁( B ud apest : ▁Central ▁European ▁University , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Sz ent ▁M ár ton , ▁K ris zt us ▁k aton ája ▁[ Saint ▁Martin , ▁soldier ▁of ▁Christ ] ▁( S z omb ath ely : ▁Sz ül ő f öld ▁Ki adó , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁Pierre ▁Dub ois , ▁De ▁la ▁recon qu ête ▁de ▁la ▁Ter re ▁Sainte ▁- ▁De ▁l ' ab r èg ement ▁des ▁guer res ▁et ▁proc ès ▁du ▁ro yaume ▁des ▁Fran cs , ▁intro , ▁éd . ▁et ▁trad . ▁M . ▁S AG H |
Y , ▁A . ▁LE ON AS ▁et ▁P .- A . ▁FOR CA DE T , ▁Les ▁B elles ▁Let tres , ▁Paris , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Trans l ations ▁ ▁Trans l ated ▁from ▁English ▁to ▁Hung arian : ▁▁ ▁Peter ▁Brown , ▁The ▁Cult ▁of ▁the ▁Sain ts ; ▁August ine ▁of ▁Hi ppo : ▁A ▁Biography ▁ ▁Robert ▁Mark us , ▁Saint ▁Gregory ▁the ▁Great ▁and ▁his ▁Age ▁ ▁Pierre ▁Rich é , ▁É ducation ▁et ▁culture ▁dans ▁l ’ Occ ident ▁bar bare ▁ ▁Trans l ated ▁from ▁Latin ▁to ▁French ▁ ▁Pierre ▁Dub ois , ▁De ▁la ▁recon qu ête ▁de ▁la ▁Ter re ▁Sainte ▁- ▁De ▁l ' ab r èg ement ▁des ▁guer res ▁et ▁proc ès ▁du ▁ro yaume ▁des ▁Fran cs , ▁intro , ▁éd . ▁et ▁trad . ▁M . ▁S AG H Y , ▁A . ▁LE ON AS ▁et ▁P .- A . ▁FOR CA DE T , ▁Les ▁B elles ▁Let tres , ▁Paris , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Articles ▁and ▁book ▁chap ters ▁▁▁ ▁' As pect s ▁of ▁Fem ale ▁R ul ership ▁in ▁Late ▁Med ieval ▁Liter ature : ▁the ▁Queens ' ▁Re ign ▁in ▁An ge vin ▁Hung ary ', ▁East ▁Central ▁Europe , ▁vol . ▁ 2 0 , ▁issue ▁ 1 ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ 6 9 - 8 6 ▁ ▁' Sc ind it ur ▁in ▁part es ▁popul us : ▁Pope |
▁Dam as us ▁and ▁the ▁Mart y rs ▁of ▁Rome ', ▁Early ▁Med ieval ▁Europe , ▁vol . ▁ 9 ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ 2 7 3 - 8 7 ▁' P ope ▁Dam as us ▁and ▁the ▁Begin nings ▁of ▁Roman ▁H agi ography ', ▁Prom oting ▁the ▁Sain ts : ▁Cult s ▁and ▁their ▁Context s ▁from ▁Late ▁Anti qu ity ▁until ▁the ▁Early ▁Modern ▁Period : ▁Ess ays ▁in ▁Honor ▁of ▁G á bor ▁K lan icz ay ▁for ▁His ▁ 6 0 th ▁B irth day , ▁edited ▁by ▁Ott ó ▁G ec ser , ▁J oz sef ▁Las z lov sky , ▁Mar cell ▁Seb ok , ▁K atal in ▁S zen de , ▁and ▁Bal az s ▁N agy ▁( B ud apest ▁: ▁Central ▁European ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ 1 - 1 7 ▁' V este ▁Reg ia ▁Ind ut us : ▁Represent ations ▁of ▁the ▁Emperor ▁in ▁the ▁V ita ▁Mart ini ', ▁I K ON , ▁vol . ▁ 5 ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ 4 7 - 5 5 ▁' H ung ari ans ▁in ▁Hell . ▁The ▁Vis ions ▁of ▁Laurent ius ▁de ▁Tar ', ▁I K ON ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ 2 9 - 3 7 ▁ ▁' Str angers ▁to ▁Pat rons : ▁Bishop ▁Dam as us ▁and ▁the ▁Foreign ▁Mart y rs ▁of ▁Rome ', ▁The ▁Hung arian ▁Historical ▁Review , |
▁vol . ▁ 5 ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ 4 6 5 - 8 6 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : H ung arian ▁histor ians ▁Category : 1 9 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁death s ▁Category : W omen ▁classical ▁sch ol ars ▁Category : E öt v ös ▁Lor ánd ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Pr inc eton ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : W omen ▁histor ians <0x0A> </s> ▁Lim b uda ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Jun ag dh ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Gu jar at , ▁India . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁India ▁census , ▁ ▁there ▁were ▁ 2 5 4 8 ▁people ▁res iding ▁in ▁Lim b uda . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 1 2 6 6 ▁males ▁and ▁ 1 2 8 2 ▁females , ▁thus ▁males ▁const itute ▁ 4 9 . 7 % ▁of ▁population ▁and ▁females ▁ 5 0 . 3 %. ▁ ▁Lim b uda ▁has ▁an ▁average ▁liter acy ▁rate ▁of ▁ 7 4 . 1 8 %. ▁The ▁P IN ▁Code ▁of ▁Lim b uda ▁is ▁ 3 6 2 6 2 0 . ▁ ▁Tem ples ▁in ▁Lim b uda ▁▁ 1 . ▁V E ER ▁V AC HH RA J ▁TE MP LE ▁▁ 2 . ▁Nav ne et ▁Pri y aj i ' s ▁Hav eli ▁▁ 3 . ▁Mah ap rab hu ji ' s ▁Beth |
ak ▁▁ 4 . ▁Han uman ▁Temple ▁▁ 5 . ▁G ad h esh w ari - L imb osh w ari ▁M ata ji ▁Temple ▁▁ 6 . ▁Sw amin ar ay an ▁Temple ▁▁ 7 . ▁An andas hr am ▁( N ath ur am ▁Sh arma ' s ) ▁▁ 8 . ▁Sh iva ▁temple ▁▁ 9 . ▁Fu let ra ▁Pat el ▁Sam aj ▁▁ 1 0 . ▁Tr amb di ya ▁Pat el ▁Sam aj ▁▁ 1 1 . Mad an ▁Moh an ji ' s ▁Hav eli ▁( R am ▁Mand ir - Ch oro ) ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Jun ag ad h ▁district <0x0A> </s> ▁Ann ▁" M uff et " ▁McG raw ▁( born ▁December ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 5 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁former ▁college ▁basketball ▁coach , ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁coach ▁at ▁Notre ▁D ame ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁to ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁compiling ▁a ▁ 9 0 5 – 2 7 2 ▁(. 7 6 9 ) ▁record ▁over ▁ 3 2 ▁seasons . ▁She ▁led ▁her ▁team ▁to ▁nine ▁Final ▁F ours ▁( 1 9 9 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 |
▁and ▁ 2 0 1 9 ), ▁seven ▁championship ▁game ▁appearances ▁( 2 0 0 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 9 ), ▁and ▁two ▁National ▁Championships ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁McG raw ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Pot ts ville , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁She ▁graduated ▁from ▁Saint ▁Joseph ' s ▁University ▁and ▁briefly ▁played ▁profession ally ▁for ▁the ▁California ▁Dream s ▁of ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁Professional ▁Basketball ▁League . ▁She ▁co ached ▁at ▁Arch bishop ▁Car roll ▁H S ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁and ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁at ▁Saint ▁Joseph ' s ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁From ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁she ▁was ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁Le high ▁University ▁where ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁notable ▁players ▁was ▁C ath y ▁Engel bert . ▁ ▁She ▁became ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁Notre ▁D ame ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁Between ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁and ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁McG raw ▁led ▁the ▁Irish ▁to ▁ 2 4 ▁NCAA ▁tournament ▁appearances ▁including ▁a ▁stre ak ▁of ▁ 2 2 ▁straight ▁seasons ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 5 - 2 0 1 9 . |
▁During ▁the ▁current ▁stre ak , ▁Notre ▁D ame ▁made ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁in ▁all ▁but ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁appearances , ▁including ▁ 7 ▁championship ▁game ▁appearances . ▁McG raw ▁compiled ▁ 5 0 ▁wins ▁over ▁ranked ▁oppon ents , ▁including ▁ 4 0 ▁over ▁the ▁last ▁ 8 ▁seasons . ▁Her ▁teams ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁AP ▁poll ▁ 1 3 9 ▁times ▁during ▁her ▁ten ure . ▁Notre ▁D ame ▁finished ▁in ▁the ▁Top ▁ 3 ▁of ▁the ▁Big ▁East ▁in ▁ 9 ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 1 ▁seasons ▁they ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁league ▁and ▁finished ▁in ▁first ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Coast ▁Conference ▁in ▁all ▁ 4 ▁seasons ▁since ▁they ▁entered ▁the ▁conference . ▁ ▁McG raw ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁US ▁Basketball ▁Writ ers ▁Association ▁( U SB WA ) ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁award , ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁Basketball ▁Co aches ▁Association ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁and ▁the ▁Na ism ith ▁College ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁She ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁the ▁Na ism ith ▁Memorial ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁John ▁R ▁Wood en ▁award ▁committee ▁recognized ▁McG raw ▁with ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Leg ends ▁of ▁Co aching ▁Award . ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁ 2 7 th ▁coach ▁in ▁NCAA ▁history ▁to |
▁win ▁over ▁ 5 0 0 ▁career ▁games , ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁tied ▁as ▁the ▁e ighth ▁head ▁coach ▁in ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁basketball ▁history ▁to ▁reach ▁ 8 0 0 ▁career ▁wins . ▁On ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁McG raw ▁achieved ▁her ▁ 8 0 0 th ▁career ▁victory ▁at ▁Notre ▁D ame ▁with ▁a ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁State ▁Bul ld ogs ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Championship ▁game , ▁her ▁second ▁national ▁title ▁with ▁the ▁Fight ing ▁Irish . ▁On ▁December ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁she ▁not ched ▁her ▁ 9 0 0 th ▁career ▁win ▁against ▁Le high , ▁the ▁team ▁at ▁which ▁she ▁began ▁her ▁colleg iate ▁co aching ▁career ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁McG raw ▁announced ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁ste pping ▁down ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁Notre ▁D ame . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁hon ors ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁– ▁AP ▁College ▁Basketball ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁– ▁Russell ▁Athlet ic / W BC A ▁National ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁– ▁Carol ▁E ck man ▁Award ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁– ▁Women ' s ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁– ▁Na ism ith ▁Women ' s ▁College ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁– ▁AP ▁College ▁Basketball ▁Co |
ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁– ▁Women ' s ▁Basketball ▁Co aches ▁Association ▁( W BC A ) ▁Division ▁I ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁– ▁esp n W ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁– ▁AP ▁College ▁Basketball ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁– ▁USB WA ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁– ▁Russell ▁Athlet ic / W BC A ▁National ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁– ▁Leg ends ▁of ▁Co aching ▁Award ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁– ▁Na ism ith ▁Memorial ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁– ▁AP ▁College ▁Basketball ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Head ▁co aching ▁record ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁college ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁with ▁ 6 0 0 ▁wins ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁Category : B asketball ▁coach es ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : B asketball ▁players ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Gu ards ▁( b asketball ) ▁Category : High ▁school ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Le high ▁Mountain ▁Haw ks ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁Category : Na ism ith ▁Memorial ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁induct ees ▁Category : Not re ▁D ame ▁Fight ing |
▁Irish ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁Category : Saint ▁Joseph ' s ▁Haw ks ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁coach es ▁Category : Saint ▁Joseph ' s ▁Haw ks ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Pot ts ville , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : W omen ' s ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁induct ees <0x0A> </s> ▁Johannes ▁W ied ew elt ▁( 1 ▁July ▁ 1 7 3 1 ▁– ▁ 1 7 ▁December ▁ 1 8 0 2 ), ▁Dan ish ▁ne oc lass ical ▁sculpt or . ▁He ▁ ▁became ▁a ▁court ▁sculpt or , ▁introdu cing ▁ne oc lass ical ▁ide als ▁to ▁Den mark ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁palace ▁decor ations , ▁garden ▁sculpt ures ▁and ▁artifact s ▁and , ▁especially , ▁mem orial ▁monuments . ▁He ▁was ▁und ou bt edly ▁the ▁best ▁known ▁Dan ish ▁sculpt or ▁before ▁Bert el ▁Thor val d sen . ▁ ▁Life ▁ ▁Early ▁training ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁C open hagen ▁to ▁royal ▁sculpt or ▁to ▁the ▁Dan ish ▁Court , ▁Just ▁W ied ew elt ▁( 1 6 7 7 – 1 7 5 7 ) ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Bir g itte ▁Laur ids d atter . ▁▁ ▁The ▁elder ▁W ied ew elt ▁recogn ised ▁his ▁son ' s ▁tal ents ▁early , ▁and ▁the ▁boy ▁trained ▁under ▁the ▁Italian ▁history ▁painter ▁H ieron imo ▁M iani , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁Draw ing ▁and ▁P ain ting ▁Academy ▁( T eg ne |
- ▁og ▁Maler ak adem iet ) ▁in ▁C open hagen ▁along ▁with ▁Louis ▁August ▁le ▁C ler c ▁( 1 6 8 8 – 1 7 7 1 ), ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁perhaps ▁ 1 7 4 4 . ▁ ▁This ▁Academy ▁was ▁the ▁prec ursor ▁to ▁the ▁still - ext ant ▁Royal ▁Dan ish ▁Academy ▁of ▁Art ▁( Det ▁Kong el ige ▁Dans ke ▁Kunst ak ade mi ) ▁established ▁ten ▁years ▁later . ▁▁▁ ▁When ▁M iani ▁left ▁Den mark ▁in ▁ 1 7 4 5 ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁Italy , ▁the ▁elder ▁W ied ew elt ▁took ▁a ▁stronger ▁hand ▁in ▁training ▁the ▁boy , ▁app r entic ing ▁him ▁in ▁his ▁work shop . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁the ▁young ▁W ied ew eld t ▁continued ▁at ▁the ▁Academy , ▁drawing ▁under ▁Johan ▁Christ of ▁Pet z old t ▁( 1 7 0 8 - 1 7 6 2 ) ▁ ▁and ▁he ▁pres umed ly ▁also ▁trained ▁under ▁royal ▁sculpt or ▁to ▁the ▁Dan ish ▁Court , ▁Did rick ▁Ger cken ▁( 1 6 9 - 1 7 4 8 ). ▁He ▁began ▁already ▁to ▁produce ▁his ▁own ▁works ▁early , ▁and ▁had ▁produced ▁in ▁Spring ▁ 1 7 5 0 ▁two ▁small ▁b ust s ▁cast ▁in ▁tin ▁of ▁King ▁Freder ik ▁V ▁and ▁Queen ▁Louise . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁paid ▁a ▁reasonable ▁sum ▁for ▁this ▁work , ▁and ▁it ▁encourag ed ▁him ▁to ▁follow ▁his ▁dream ▁to ▁study ▁outside ▁of ▁Den mark . ▁ |
▁Student ▁travel ▁to ▁Paris ▁Several ▁months ▁later ▁at ▁nin ete en ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁he ▁vent ured ▁out ▁on ▁a ▁student ▁travel ▁that ▁took ▁him ▁over ▁Hamburg ▁to ▁Rou en ▁and ▁finally ▁to ▁Paris ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 7 5 0 . ▁ ▁There ▁he ▁met ▁the ▁Dan ish ▁Leg ation ▁secretary ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁Court ▁in ▁Paris ▁Jo achim ▁Wass ersch le be ▁( 1 7 0 9 - 1 7 8 7 ) ▁who ▁would ▁become ▁a ▁patron ▁of ▁the ▁young ▁sculpt or . ▁ ▁With ▁Wass ersch le be ' s ▁help , ▁W ied ew elt ▁was ▁taken ▁into ▁the ▁studio ▁of ▁the ▁ren owned ▁Bar o que ▁sculpt or ▁Guillaume ▁C oust ou ▁the ▁Young er , ▁where ▁from ▁ 1 7 5 0 - 1 7 5 4 ▁he ▁worked ▁partially ▁as ▁a ▁student ▁and ▁partially ▁as ▁an ▁assistant . ▁ ▁He ▁later ▁received ▁a ▁year ly ▁royal ▁allow ance ▁from ▁King ▁Freder ik , ▁which ▁was ▁double d ▁after ▁two ▁years . ▁▁ ▁In ▁Paris ▁he ▁also ▁came ▁to ▁know ▁Jean - B apt iste ▁P ig alle . ▁ ▁During ▁ 1 7 5 2 - 1 7 5 4 , ▁W ied ew elt ▁made ▁a ▁sculpt ure ▁of ▁fellow - D ane , ▁Magn us ▁Gustav ▁Ar b ien ▁( 1 7 1 6 – 1 7 6 0 ), ▁med all ion ist ▁who ▁was ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁studying ▁under ▁a ▁royal ▁st ip end ▁from ▁the ▁Dan ish ▁Court . ▁ |
▁W ied ew elt ▁won ▁a ▁silver ▁med all ion ▁from ▁the ▁French ▁Academy ▁of ▁Art ▁( Ac adémie ▁Roy ale ▁de ▁Pe inture ▁et ▁de ▁S cul pt ure ) ▁in ▁ 1 7 5 3 . ▁ ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁swe eping ▁art istic ▁interest ▁during ▁those ▁times ▁for ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁ancient ▁art . ▁ ▁This ▁ra ge ▁origin ated ▁in ▁the ▁discover ies ▁of ▁Her cul ane um ▁in ▁ 1 7 3 8 ▁and ▁Pom pe ii ▁in ▁ 1 7 4 8 , ▁and ▁was ▁f anned ▁by ▁the ▁director ship ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Academy , ▁Mar quis ▁de ▁Mar igny ▁Ab el - Fran çois ▁Po isson ( 1 7 2 7 – 1 7 8 1 ), ▁ ▁brother ▁of ▁royal ▁mist ress Mad ame ▁de ▁Pom pad our ▁( 1 7 2 1 – 1 7 6 4 ). ▁ ▁Po isson ▁introduced ▁the ▁technique ▁of ▁drawing ▁from ▁ ▁anti qu ities , ▁especially ▁architecture , ▁sculpt ure ▁and ▁land sc apes , ▁instead ▁of ▁from ▁models . ▁ ▁This ▁technique ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁his ▁experiences ▁in ▁Italy ▁visit ing ▁the ▁recently ▁exc av ated ▁ar che ological ▁sites . ▁ ▁Cont in ued ▁travel ▁to ▁Rome ▁W ied ew elt ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁receive ▁a ▁travel ▁st ip end ▁from ▁the ▁newly ▁established ▁Dan ish ▁Academy ▁of ▁Art ▁in ▁ 1 7 5 4 ▁and ▁used ▁the ▁funds ▁to ▁travel ▁to ▁Italy . ▁ ▁Although ▁C oust ou ▁tried ▁to ▁conv ince |
▁W ied ew elt ▁to ▁stay ▁in ▁Paris ▁longer , ▁the ▁young ▁sculpt or ▁left ▁for ▁Rome ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 7 5 4 . ▁ ▁His ▁trip ▁took ▁him ▁over ▁Lyon , ▁Marse ille ▁and ▁C iv it ave c chia ; ▁he ▁arrived ▁in ▁Rome ▁on ▁ 7 ▁June ▁ 1 7 5 4 . ▁▁▁ ▁A ▁letter ▁of ▁recommendation ▁from ▁Wass ersch le be ▁introduced ▁W ied ew elt ▁to ▁the ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Academy ▁in ▁Rome ▁( l ´ A cadem ie ▁de ▁France ▁á ▁Rome ), ▁ ▁Charles - Jose ph ▁N atoire ▁( 1 7 0 0 - 1 7 7 7 ). ▁ ▁He ▁lived ▁and ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁Academy , ▁lod ging ▁at ▁the ▁Pal azzo ▁Man c ini . ▁N atoire ▁put ▁him ▁in ▁contact ▁with ▁others ▁in ▁residence ▁there . ▁ ▁Among ▁these ▁were ▁German ▁painter ▁Anton ▁Rap ha el ▁M eng s , ▁Italian ▁Pom pe o ▁Bat oni , ▁and ▁German ▁ar che ologist ▁and ▁art ▁the or ist ▁ ▁Johann ▁Jo achim ▁Win ck el mann ▁who ▁arrived ▁in ▁Rome ▁ 1 7 5 5 . ▁At ▁the ▁Academy ▁he , ▁along ▁with ▁other ▁students , ▁came ▁under ▁the ▁influence ▁of ▁ ▁Giovanni ▁Batt ista ▁Pir an esi , ▁who ▁had ▁lived ▁in ▁Rome ▁since ▁ 1 7 4 0 ▁and ▁who ▁set ▁a ▁height ened ▁focus ▁on ▁anti qu ities ▁as ▁art istic ▁subject ▁matter . ▁ ▁W ied ew elt ▁visited ▁private ▁collections ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁F |
arn ese ▁collection , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁public ly ▁accessible ▁ones ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Capit oline ▁Museum s ▁and ▁the ▁V at ican ▁Museum . ▁ ▁He ▁and ▁Johann ▁Win ck el mann ▁studied ▁ancient ▁sculpt ures ▁together , ▁and ▁Win ck el mann ▁ad vised ▁the ▁younger ▁W ied ew elt , ▁encourag ing ▁him ▁to ▁use ▁these ▁sculpt ures ▁as ▁a ▁base ▁for ▁his ▁draw ings ▁and ▁to ▁use ▁his ▁knowledge ▁of ▁ancient ▁art ▁as ▁the ▁basis ▁for ▁his ▁art istic ▁production . ▁ ▁W ied ew elt ▁made ▁many ▁draw ings ▁and ▁sketch es ▁of ▁these ▁ancient ▁sculpt ures ▁during ▁his ▁Roman ▁residence . ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁were ▁in separ able . ▁ ▁W ied ew elt ' s ▁friendship ▁and ▁adm iration ▁for ▁Win ck el mann ▁left ▁a ▁deep ▁impression ▁on ▁him , ▁especially ▁in ▁regards ▁his ▁acquired ▁knowledge ▁and ▁appreci ation ▁for ▁An cient ▁Greek ▁artifact s ▁and ▁art . ▁During ▁his ▁time ▁in ▁Rome ▁he ▁also ▁managed ▁to ▁take ▁exc urs ions ▁to ▁Nap les , ▁Pom pe ii , ▁Her cul ane um ▁and ▁Port ici . ▁ ▁Several ▁of ▁these ▁tri ps ▁were ▁made ▁in ▁the ▁company ▁of ▁Win ck el mann ▁in ▁ 1 7 5 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁would ▁remain ▁close , ▁maintain ing ▁a ▁l ively ▁letter ▁exchange , ▁until ▁Win ck el mann ▁was ▁murder ed ▁in ▁Tri este ▁in ▁ 1 7 6 8 . ▁ ▁Return ▁to ▁Den mark ▁and ▁an ▁art istic ▁career ▁W |
ied ew elt ▁left ▁Rome ▁on ▁ 1 ▁July ▁ 1 7 5 8 , ▁when ▁his ▁financial ▁support ▁was ▁running ▁out , ▁and ▁after ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁ordered ▁home ▁to ▁Den mark ▁by ▁the ▁Academy . ▁ ▁He ▁tra ve led ▁back ▁in ▁the ▁company ▁of ▁friend , ▁ne oc lass ical ▁painter ▁Johan ▁Ed vard ▁Mand el berg . ▁ ▁They ▁tra ve led ▁over ▁Cap rar ola , ▁S ien a , ▁Florence , ▁P isa , ▁Car r ara , ▁Lu cca , ▁Bolog na , ▁Pad ua , ▁Ven ice , ▁and ▁Tri este ▁where ▁they ▁studied ▁the ▁local ▁art ▁collections ▁and ▁churches , ▁and ▁on ▁through ▁the ▁Ty rol ▁and ▁Germany . ▁ ▁They ▁arrived ▁back ▁to ▁C open hagen ▁on ▁ 6 ▁October ▁ 1 7 5 8 . ▁ ▁Hard ly ▁six ▁months ▁after ▁his ▁return ▁W ied ew elt ▁was ▁named ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁newly ▁organ ised ▁Art ▁Academy , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁being ▁named ▁royal ▁sculpt or ▁to ▁the ▁Dan ish ▁Court ▁in ▁ 1 7 5 9 , ▁inclus ive ▁gr atis ▁studio ▁at ▁Material ga arden ▁near ▁Freder ik sh ol m ' s ▁Canal . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁good ▁taste ▁in ▁art ▁and ▁his ▁knowledge ▁of ▁anti qu ities . ▁ ▁He ▁became ▁quickly ▁the ▁judge ▁of ▁art istic ▁good ▁taste ▁in ▁Den mark . ▁ ▁Comm issions ▁soon ▁followed . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁first ▁commission ▁he ▁was ▁requested ▁to ▁sculpt ▁a ▁mem orial ▁monument ▁to ▁the |
▁long ▁dece ased ▁king ▁Christian ▁VI ▁of ▁Den mark ▁by ▁his ▁wid owed ▁wife , ▁Soph ie ▁Mag dal ene . ▁ ▁The ▁mar ble ▁monument ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 7 6 8 , ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁installed ▁at ▁Ros k ilde ▁C athedral ▁until ▁ 1 7 7 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁ne oc lass ical ▁monument ▁included ▁a ▁s arc oph ag us ▁and ▁two ▁female ▁figures , ▁S orgen and ▁Ber ø mm elsen . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁ne oc lass ical ▁s arc oph ag us ▁in ▁Den mark , ▁and ▁is ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁ne oc lass ic ism ' s ▁start ▁in ▁Den mark . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 6 0 ▁he ▁began ▁work ▁on ▁another ▁compreh ensive ▁project , ▁sculpt ural ▁groups , ▁individual ▁sculpt ures ▁and ▁decor ations ▁for ▁the ▁gard ens ▁at ▁the ▁French - in sp ired ▁bar o que ▁Fred ens borg ▁Palace . ▁ ▁He ▁produced ▁a ▁large ▁series ▁of ▁draw ings ▁for ▁the ▁King ▁giving ▁his ▁suggestions ▁for ▁the ▁decor ation ▁of ▁the ▁gard ens . ▁ ▁He ▁came ▁to ▁work ▁closely ▁with ▁architect ▁Nicolas - Hen ri ▁J ardin , ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁would ▁travel ▁together ▁to ▁London ▁and ▁Paris ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 7 6 0 s . ▁ ▁His ▁out door ▁sculpt ures ▁here ▁and ▁at ▁other ▁gard ens ▁have ▁come ▁to ▁compr ise ▁the ▁greatest ▁assemble d ▁collections ▁of ▁his ▁works . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 6 1 ▁he ▁became |
▁a ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁Art ▁Academy . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁took ▁on ▁a ▁leading ▁position ▁with ▁Four ni ers ▁Por cel ain ▁Factory ▁ 1 7 6 1 - 1 7 6 6 . ▁W ied ew elt ▁wrote ▁a ▁small ▁manif esto ▁in ▁ 1 7 6 2 ▁entitled T ank er ▁om ▁Sm agen ▁u di ▁Kun ster ne ▁i ▁Al mind el ighed . ▁ ▁He ▁contributed ▁to ▁the ▁decor ation ▁of ▁Freder iks ▁Church , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Mar ble ▁Church ▁ ▁( M arm ork ir ken ) ▁ ▁with ▁no ▁less ▁than ▁ 6 4 ▁figures ▁and ▁ 3 0 ▁relief s . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁scale ▁of ▁the ▁royal ▁projects , ▁the ▁time ▁constraints ▁and ▁the ▁common ▁practices ▁of ▁the ▁time ▁W ied ew elt ▁often ▁left ▁the ▁direct ▁work ▁of ▁sculpt ing ▁be ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁his ▁studio ▁assist ants ▁from ▁sketch es , ▁which ▁he ▁delivered . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 6 5 - 1 7 6 6 ▁he ▁delivered ▁a ▁pl aster ▁alleg or ical ▁relief ▁and ▁twelve ▁med all ions ▁of ▁the ▁Old en borg ▁k ings ▁to ▁the ▁sum pt uous ▁Kn ights ▁Hall ▁( R idd ers alen ) ▁at ▁Christians borg ▁Palace , ▁plus ▁additional ▁decor ative ▁pieces . ▁ ▁These ▁were ▁all ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁fire ▁of ▁ 1 7 9 4 . ▁ ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁med all ions ▁are ▁ev iden ced ▁in ▁eng rav ings . ▁ ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁Tre as |
urer ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁ 1 7 6 7 - 1 7 7 2 , ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁ 1 7 7 2 - 1 7 7 8 , ▁ 1 7 8 0 - 1 7 8 9 , ▁and ▁ 1 7 9 3 - 1 7 9 5 . ▁ ▁He ▁exhib ited ▁at ▁the ▁Sal on ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁ 1 7 6 9 , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 8 ▁and ▁ 1 7 9 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 6 9 ▁he ▁completed ▁the ▁monument ▁to ▁Freder ik ▁V ▁in ▁Ros k ilde ▁C athedral ▁which ▁includes ▁a ▁large ▁s arc oph ag us ▁rest ing ▁on ▁foot pie ces ▁and ▁decor ated ▁by ▁numerous ▁sculpt ures , ▁behind ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁column ▁to pped ▁of ▁an ▁ur n , ▁a ▁med all ion ▁with ▁the ▁king ' s ▁portrait , ▁and ▁on ▁each ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁s arc oph ag us , ▁sitting ▁appro x . ▁ 9 ' ▁high ▁above ▁the ▁floor , ▁are ▁two ▁crown ed , ▁gr ieving ▁female ▁figures ▁representing ▁Den mark ▁and ▁Norway . ▁ ▁The ▁mem orial ▁chap el ▁was ▁created ▁as ▁a ▁collaboration ▁between ▁W ied ew elt ▁and ▁architect ▁Cas par ▁Freder ik ▁H ars dor ff . ▁ ▁Later ▁career ▁In ▁ 1 7 6 8 - 1 7 6 9 ▁W ied ew elt ▁tra ve led ▁to ▁Paris ▁and ▁London ▁in ▁the ▁company ▁of ▁architect |
▁Nicolas - Hen ri ▁J ardin , ▁then ▁architect ▁for ▁Freder ik ' s ▁Church , ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Mar ble ▁Church ▁( M arm ork ir ken ). ▁ ▁His ▁travel ▁journ als ▁show ▁that ▁he ▁visited ▁famous ▁gard ens ▁during ▁the ▁trip , ▁and ▁studied ▁them ▁carefully . ▁ ▁Lar ge ▁comm issions ▁from ▁the ▁court ▁slow ed ▁down ▁dr ast ically ▁after ▁this ▁foreign ▁tour , ▁as ▁Johann ▁Friedrich ▁Str u ense e ' s ▁took ▁over ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁country ▁from ▁the ▁weak , ▁young , ▁sch iz op hren ic , ▁newly ▁crown ed ▁King ▁Christian ▁VII ▁and ▁put ▁his ▁cost - cut ting ▁re forms ▁into ▁place ▁between ▁ 1 7 6 9 - 1 7 7 1 . ▁ ▁These ▁cut back s ▁also ▁resulted ▁in ▁J ardin ' s ▁losing ▁his ▁position ▁with ▁the ▁Church ▁after ▁this ▁same ▁two - year ▁travel . ▁German - born ▁Str u ense e ▁was ▁widely ▁dis lik ed , ▁and ▁between ▁ 1 7 7 0 - 1 7 7 2 ▁W ied ew elt ▁created ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁draw ings ▁s ati riz ing ▁Str u ense e ▁and ▁his ▁associate ▁Count ▁E ne v old ▁Brand t . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁designed ▁several ▁co ins ▁for ▁Christian ▁VII ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 1 . ▁ ▁Starting ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 7 7 0 s , ▁the ▁reaction ▁to ▁Str u ense e ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁wider ▁dist rust ▁of ▁foreign ers ▁in ▁positions |
▁of ▁power ▁in ▁Den mark . ▁ ▁This ▁included ▁the ▁foreign - born ▁artists , ▁especially ▁French ▁artists , ▁in ▁the ▁King ' s ▁service ▁who ▁lost ▁power ▁and ▁influence ▁in ▁Den mark ' s ▁official ▁art istic ▁and ▁Academ ic ▁circles . ▁ ▁Friend ▁J ardin ▁res igned ▁his ▁professor ship ▁at ▁the ▁Academy ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁March ▁ 1 7 7 1 . ▁▁ ▁From ▁this ▁point ▁on , ▁although ▁W ied ew elt ▁remained ▁court ▁sculpt or ▁until ▁his ▁death , ▁his ▁comm issions ▁came ▁primarily ▁from ▁private ▁pat rons , ▁and ▁were ▁mostly ▁grave ▁monuments ▁and ▁s arc oph ag uses . ▁ ▁He ▁received ▁many ▁such ▁comm issions , ▁and ▁during ▁a ▁thirty - year ▁period ▁he ▁produced ▁over ▁ 3 6 ▁such ▁works . ▁ ▁Among ▁these ▁are ▁one ▁for ▁Lud v ig ▁Hol berg ▁in ▁Sor ø ▁made ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 9 , ▁and ▁another ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁wife ▁of ▁Adam ▁Gott lob ▁Mol t ke , ▁states man ▁and ▁high ▁official ▁at ▁the ▁Dan ish ▁Court . ▁ ▁The ▁only ▁large ▁order ▁he ▁received ▁from ▁the ▁court ▁after ▁that ▁time ▁was ▁one ▁for ▁H ø eg h - G uld berg s ▁National ▁Historical ▁Garden ▁( H ø eg h - G uld berg s ▁national histor iske ▁an l æ g ) ▁named ▁for ▁O ve ▁H ø eg h - G uld berg , ▁the olog ian ▁and ▁historian . ▁ ▁The ▁commission ▁consisted ▁of ▁fifty - four ▁monuments ▁to |
▁be ▁set ▁up ▁on ▁the ▁exp ans ive ▁grounds ▁of ▁Crown ▁Prince ▁Freder ik ▁V ' s ▁J æ gers pr is ▁Castle ▁in ▁J æ gers pr is . ▁ ▁They ▁were ▁sculpt ed ▁between ▁ 1 7 7 7 - 1 7 8 9 . ▁ ▁W ied ew elt ▁was ▁inspired ▁by ▁O ve ▁Mall ing ' s ▁book ▁Store ▁og ▁g ode ▁Hand ling er ▁af ▁Dans ke , ▁N ors ke ▁og ▁Hol sten ere ▁ ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 7 . ▁ ▁He ▁decor ated ▁the ▁park ▁with ▁monuments ▁and ▁mem orial ▁stones ▁in ▁honour ▁of ▁exception al ▁Dan es , ▁Norweg ians , ▁and ▁Hol stein ers , ▁placing ▁these ▁pieces ▁in ▁the ▁open ▁park land . ▁ ▁He ▁took ▁advantage ▁of ▁his ▁recent ▁studies ▁of ▁foreign ▁gard ens , ▁especially ▁the ▁English ▁garden ▁St owe ▁Park ▁near ▁Buck ingham ▁which ▁he ▁had ▁visited , ▁and ▁created ▁a ▁new ▁visual ▁language . ▁▁▁ ▁Additionally ▁his ▁studio ▁produced ▁relief s ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 3 ▁of ▁Her cules ▁and ▁Om ph ale ▁for ▁the ▁Her cules ▁Pav il ion ▁in ▁the ▁King ' s ▁Garden ▁( K ong ens ▁Have ), ▁the ▁gard ens ▁of ▁Rosen borg ▁Castle ▁in ▁C open hagen . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 8 2 ▁he ▁designed ▁coin ▁cabin ets ▁for ▁the ▁Royal ▁Co in ▁Museum ▁( Det ▁k ong el ige ▁M ø nt k ab inet ) ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁castle . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 |
8 3 ▁he ▁created ▁ ▁Bern stor ff ▁Column ▁( B ern stor ff st ø tt en ), ▁ ▁a ▁mem orial ▁for ▁Foreign ▁Minister ▁Count ▁Johan ▁Hart v ig ▁Ernst ▁Bern stor ff ▁in ▁Ly ng by , ▁who ▁had ▁early - on ▁instit uted ▁agricult ural ▁re forms ▁( land b ore former ) ▁on ▁his ▁estate , ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁land - wide ▁re forms ▁that ▁followed ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁July ▁ 1 7 8 8 . ▁▁▁ ▁These ▁land - wide ▁re forms ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁monument al ▁Fri h eds st ø tt en ▁ ▁in ▁C open hagen . ▁ ▁Work ▁was ▁started ▁August ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 7 9 2 ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁ere cted ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 7 . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁still ▁on ▁public ▁display ▁although ▁in ▁a ▁new ▁location . ▁ ▁The ▁monument ▁was ▁ 2 0 ▁meters ▁high ▁and ▁consisted ▁of ▁an ▁ob el isk ▁of ▁red ▁sand stone , ▁a ▁ped est al ▁of ▁grey ▁mar ble ▁and ▁a ▁base ▁on ▁three ▁steps ▁of ▁red ▁sand stone ▁before ▁the ▁renov ation ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 8 - 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁W ied ew elt ▁contributed ▁to ▁this ▁piece ▁with ▁the ▁statue ▁Tro sk aben , ▁which ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁four ▁sculpt ures ▁in ▁this ▁large ▁piece , ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁relief ▁Ret f æ rd ighed ens ▁Gen ius . ▁ ▁The ▁other ▁artists ▁who ▁contributed ▁to ▁the ▁monument ▁were ▁Nikol |
aj ▁Abraham ▁Ab ild ga ard , ▁who ▁designed ▁the ▁overall ▁monument , ▁colle ague ▁Andreas ▁We iden haupt ▁and ▁Nicol ai ▁D aj on . ▁ ▁Between ▁ 1 7 8 5 - 1 8 0 1 , ▁W ied ew elt ▁created ▁fifteen ▁monuments ▁for ▁the ▁day ' s ▁important ▁people ▁at ▁Ass ist ens ▁C emetery ▁near ▁C open hagen ' s ▁Northern ▁Gate ▁ ▁( N ør report ). ▁ ▁Of ▁these ▁eight ▁can ▁still ▁be ▁seen ▁today ▁in ▁the ▁park - like ▁setting . ▁ ▁Final ▁Years ▁W ied ew elt ▁was ▁chosen ▁eight ▁times ▁as ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Art ▁Academy ; ▁the ▁last ▁time ▁he ▁held ▁the ▁position ▁was ▁ 1 7 9 3 - 1 7 9 4 . ▁ ▁He ▁worked ▁hard ▁to ▁keep ▁the ▁Academy ▁running ▁well , ▁facing ▁often - sh ifting ▁att itudes ▁from ▁the ▁court ▁and ▁uncertain ▁royal ▁financial ▁support . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁committed ▁to ▁the ▁end , ▁in ▁spite ▁of ▁ill ▁health ▁in ▁his ▁advanced ▁age . ▁▁▁ ▁He ▁also ▁worked ▁until ▁the ▁end , ▁even ▁though ▁his ▁own ▁financial ▁means ▁w ors ened ▁dr ast ically , ▁and ▁he ▁lived ▁in ▁ab ject ▁pover ty . ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁many ▁years ▁of ▁good ▁economy ▁he ▁lived ▁a ▁fest ive ▁life ▁with ▁no ▁restrictions , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁very ▁gener ous . ▁ ▁When ▁times ▁became ▁rough , ▁as ▁it ▁did ▁not ▁only ▁for ▁him ▁but ▁also ▁for ▁others ▁who ▁were ▁acc ustom ed ▁to ▁royal ▁support , ▁he |
▁suffered ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁royal ▁house ' s ▁financial ▁problems . ▁ ▁In ▁spite ▁of ▁his ▁me ager ▁economy ▁he ▁continued ▁to ▁support ▁two ▁elder ly ▁sister s , ▁a ▁servant ▁man , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁poor ▁cousin . ▁ ▁He ▁had ▁never ▁married . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁W ied ew elt ▁had ▁pa wn ed ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁belong ings , ▁when ▁a ▁final ▁cat ast rop he ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁too ▁much ▁for ▁him ; ▁a ▁ship load ▁of ▁mar ble ▁blocks ▁he ▁had ▁purchased ▁with ▁borrow ed ▁money ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁bottom ▁of ▁the ▁sea ▁near ▁L æ s ø . ▁ ▁This ▁apparently ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁more ▁than ▁he ▁could ▁handle , ▁and ▁shortly ▁there after ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁December ▁ 1 8 0 2 ▁he ▁d rown ed ▁in ▁an ▁apparent ▁suic ide ▁in ▁S orted ams ø en , ▁a ▁lake ▁just ▁outside ▁that ▁day ' s ▁C open hagen ▁limits . ▁He ▁was ▁buried ▁on ▁Christmas ▁E ve ▁at ▁Ass ist ens ▁C emetery ▁in ▁C open hagen . ▁ ▁His ▁grave ▁monument ▁was ▁made ▁by ▁friend ▁and ▁colle ague ▁Andreas ▁We iden haupt ▁( 1 7 3 8 – 1 8 0 5 ). ▁ ▁Works ▁He ▁had ▁a ▁rich ▁fant asy , ▁and ▁his ▁compos itions ▁were ▁easy ▁and ▁natural . ▁ ▁His ▁works ▁were ▁taste ful , ▁and ▁influenced ▁by ▁both ▁his ▁French ▁Bar o que ▁training ▁and ▁his ▁careful ▁study ▁of ▁and ▁appreci ation ▁for ▁late ▁Greek ▁and ▁Roman |
▁art . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁well - vers ed ▁in ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁classical ▁alleg ory ▁and ▁symbols , ▁especially ▁those ▁having ▁to ▁do ▁with ▁death . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁inspired ▁by ▁Nord ic ▁myth ology ▁and ▁ancient , ▁Vik ing ▁and ▁I cel and ic ▁sag as , ▁and ▁made ▁many ▁draw ings ▁based ▁on ▁these . ▁S cul pt ures ▁and ▁relief s ▁attributed ▁to ▁him ▁and ▁his ▁studio ▁have ▁been ▁lost ▁to ▁time , ▁and ▁are ▁sometimes ▁only ▁ev iden ced ▁by ▁sketch es ▁and ▁eng rav ings . ▁ ▁His ▁works ▁are ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁royal ▁households ▁and ▁gard ens . ▁ ▁Those ▁in ▁the ▁gard ens ▁are ▁the ▁largest ▁collections ▁of ▁his ▁works ▁in ▁one ▁place . ▁ ▁He ▁viewed ▁his ▁garden ▁decor ations ▁as ▁creating ▁an ▁out do ors ▁theatre ▁presentation ▁rel ating ▁to ▁the ▁surrounding ▁trees ▁of ▁various ▁types , ▁to ▁figure ▁groups ▁of ▁sculpt ures ▁and ▁to ▁decor ative ▁columns ▁and ▁ob el is ks . ▁ ▁He ▁had ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁the ▁developing ▁rom antic ▁garden . ▁▁ ▁His ▁mem orial ▁monuments ▁are ▁spread ▁out ▁in ▁churches ▁throughout ▁Den mark , ▁with ▁the ▁royal ▁monuments ▁at ▁Ros k ilde ▁C athedral . ▁ ▁Many ▁of ▁these ▁monuments ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁at ▁Ass ist ens ▁C emetery ▁in ▁C open hagen . ▁ ▁His ▁draw ings ▁are ▁also ▁highly ▁este emed . ▁ ▁He ▁illustrated ▁a ▁del ux e ▁edition ▁of ▁Lud v ig ▁Hol berg ' s ▁" P eder ▁Pa ars " |
▁in ▁ 1 7 7 2 , ▁eng rav ings ▁for ▁which ▁were ▁made ▁by ▁Johan ▁Freder ik ▁C lem ens , ▁who ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁W ied ew elt ▁on ▁several ▁projects . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁made ▁illustr ations ▁for ▁a ▁book ▁by ▁P eder ▁To pp ▁W andal ▁on ▁the ▁J æ gers pr is ▁Castle ▁project ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 3 . ▁ ▁C lem ens ▁also ▁eng ra ved ▁these ▁illustr ations , ▁▁ ▁W ied ew elt , ▁along ▁with ▁architect ▁H ars dor ff , ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁primary ▁figures ▁responsible ▁for ▁introdu cing ▁Ne oc lass ic ism ▁to ▁Den mark . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁highly ▁este emed ▁by ▁his ▁contempor aries ▁and ▁by ▁those ▁artists ▁who ▁followed . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁considered ▁an ▁important ▁trans itional ▁figure ▁leading ▁to ▁future ▁gener ations ▁of ▁Dan ish ▁artists . ▁ ▁He ▁had ▁a ▁large ▁library ▁of ▁books ▁covering ▁many ▁subjects , ▁which ▁often ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁insp iration . ▁▁▁ ▁As ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁Academy ▁he ▁introduced ▁his ▁Ne oc lass ical ▁theories ▁to ▁art istic ▁students . ▁Among ▁his ▁many ▁students ▁was ▁Nikol aj ▁Abraham ▁Ab ild ga ard , ▁future ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁and ▁instruct or ▁for ▁Bert el ▁Thor val d sen . ▁ ▁In ▁memory ▁of ▁W ied ew elt ▁In ▁ 1 8 0 3 , ▁Adam ▁Gott lob ▁O e hl ensch lä ger , ▁poet ▁and ▁play w right , ▁wrote ▁a ▁well - known |
▁eleg y ▁in ▁his ▁honour , ▁calling ▁him ▁" Den mark ' s ▁Ph id ias ". ▁▁▁ ▁T aus ▁hun ▁su k ker ▁B ø l gen ▁m ild t ▁sig ▁l uk ker ▁om ▁den ▁gam le ▁T ind ings ▁s ø lv gr å e ▁H aar . ▁Hun ▁for sv inder . ▁D agen ▁b leg ▁o pr inder ; ▁Hist ▁pa a ▁Fri h eds st ø tt en ▁L ær ken ▁sla a er . ▁ ▁Tro sk ab ▁gr æ der ▁I ▁de ▁h v ide ▁Mar m ork l æ der ▁K old ▁og ▁b leg , ▁den ▁ran ke ▁h ul de ▁M ø . ▁Ha and ▁pa a ▁Bry st et ▁Ald rig ▁al dr ig ▁tr ø st et , ▁ ▁stir rer ▁hun ▁hen p å ▁den ▁sorte ▁S ø " ▁ ▁Sil ently ▁she ▁s igh s ▁The ▁m ild ▁waves ▁close ▁in ▁Round ▁the ▁old ▁man ' s ▁temp els , ▁his ▁silver - gre y ▁hair . ▁ ▁She ▁disapp ears . ▁ ▁The ▁pale ▁day ▁runs ▁out . ▁ ▁Y onder ▁on ▁Fre edom ' s ▁Monument ▁the ▁l ark ▁sounds . ▁ ▁Fa ith ful ness ▁c ries ▁In ▁its ▁white ▁mar ble ▁clothes ▁Cold ▁and ▁pale , ▁the ▁proud ▁gra cious ▁ma iden ▁Hand ▁on ▁breast ▁Never , ▁never ▁comfort ed ▁She ▁st ares ▁out ▁onto ▁the ▁dark ▁lake . ▁References ▁ ▁Rel ated ▁literature ▁ ▁An net te ▁R ath je ▁& ▁Mar j |
atta ▁N iel sen ▁( eds .), ▁Johannes ▁W ied ew elt ▁- ▁A ▁Dan ish ▁Art ist ▁in ▁Search ▁of ▁the ▁Past , ▁Sh aping ▁the ▁Future ▁( M useum ▁T us cul an um ▁Press ) ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁▁▁ ▁Karl ▁Wilhelm ▁T es dor pf , ▁Johannes ▁W ied ew elt : ▁D än em arks ▁er ster ▁klass iz ist ischer ▁Bild h auer . ▁Ein ▁An h änger ▁von ▁Win ck el mann ' ', ▁( H amb urg : ▁Johann ▁Tra ut mann ▁Verlag ) ▁▁ 1 9 3 3 . ▁ ▁Other ▁sources ▁ ▁K ID ▁Kunst ▁Index ▁Dan mark ▁(" Art ▁Index ▁Den mark ") ▁ ▁Dan ish ▁Bi ographical ▁Encyclopedia ▁(" D ansk ▁bi ograf isk ▁Le ks ik ion ") ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 3 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 0 2 ▁death s ▁Category : Art ists ▁from ▁C open hagen ▁Category : Ne oc lass ical ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : C ourt ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : 1 8 th - century ▁Dan ish ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Dan ish ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : S cul pt ors ▁who ▁committed ▁suic ide ▁Category : Direct ors ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Dan ish ▁Academy ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁Category : Ro yal ▁Dan ish ▁Academy ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁K ok ia ' s ▁fourth ▁album , ▁released ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁eight ▁months ▁after |
▁her ▁last ▁album , ▁" Rem ember ▁Me ." ▁The ▁album ▁cent res ▁on ▁inspir ational ▁songs , ▁including ▁the ▁official ▁song ▁for ▁the ▁Japan ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics , ▁" Y ume ▁ga ▁Ch ik ara ." ▁ ▁The ▁song ▁" U tau ▁H ito " ▁was ▁later ▁used ▁as ▁the ▁ending ▁theme ▁song ▁for ▁the ▁animated ▁film ▁Fur us ato : ▁Japan ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Director ▁Ak io ▁N ish iz awa ▁felt ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁so ▁fitting ▁for ▁his ▁film , ▁it ▁was ▁as ▁if ▁the ▁song ▁were ▁commission ed ▁specifically ▁for ▁it . ▁The ▁song ▁featured ▁on ▁K ok ia ' s ▁first ▁greatest ▁hits ▁album , ▁Pear l : ▁The ▁Best ▁Collection , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁B - side ▁of ▁her ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁single ▁" Ar ig at ō ... ▁( The ▁Pear l ▁Edition ). " ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁preced ed ▁by ▁two ▁singles : ▁" So ▁Much ▁Love ▁for ▁You " ▁in ▁April ▁and ▁" Y ume ▁ga ▁Ch ik ara " ▁in ▁June . ▁" So ▁Much ▁Love ▁for ▁You " ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁the ▁sole ▁theme ▁song ▁for ▁the ▁variety ▁show ▁U ! ▁U mai ▁n ▁Des u ., ▁while ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁B - s ides ▁on ▁the ▁single ▁" New ▁Season ▁( Y ume ▁ni ▁M uk atte ▁Fu ku ▁Kaz e )" ▁was ▁used ▁in ▁a ▁commercial ▁for ▁the ▁Japan ▁V oc ational ▁School |
▁Information ▁Research ▁( 全 国 <0xE5> <0xB0> <0x82> 門 学 校 <0xE5> <0xBA> <0x83> 報 研 究 会 ). ▁However , ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁prom ot ional ▁focus ▁went ▁to ▁" Y ume ▁ga ▁Ch ik ara ." ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁the ▁official ▁che ering ▁song ▁for ▁the ▁Japan ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁reached ▁# 2 3 ▁on ▁the ▁Japanese ▁Or icon ▁albums ▁charts , ▁s elling ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁copies . ▁It ▁is ▁K ok ia ' s ▁second ▁most ▁sold ▁album ▁( be hind ▁" Rem ember ▁Me "), ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁received ▁mostly ▁positive ▁reviews ▁from ▁critics . ▁Tom oy uki ▁Mor i ▁pra ised ▁K ok ia ▁for ▁her ▁" p ure ▁and ▁beautiful ▁vocal ▁quality ," ▁and ▁was ▁positive ▁on ▁the ▁inspir ational ▁them es ▁on ▁the ▁album . ▁CD J ournal ▁gave ▁the ▁album ▁a ▁star ▁of ▁recommendation . ▁They ▁especially ▁pra ised ▁" U tau ▁H ito ," ▁saying ▁that ▁"( K ok ia ' s ) ▁fer vent ▁singing ▁from ▁the ▁bottom ▁of ▁her ▁heart " ▁made ▁the ▁rev iewer ▁fall ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁the ▁song . ▁Also ▁pra ised ▁were ▁K ok ia ' s ▁motiv ational ▁songs ▁" P inch ▁wa ▁Ch ance " ▁and ▁" New ▁Season ▁( Y ume ▁ni ▁M uk atte ▁Fu ku ▁Kaz e ), " ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁ac oust |
ic ▁version ▁of ▁" Y ume ▁ga ▁Ch ik ara ." ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁All ▁songs ▁written ▁and ▁produced ▁by ▁K ok ia . ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁Japan ▁Sales ▁Rank ings ▁ ▁Person nel ▁▁ ▁Ki y ots ug u ▁A man o ▁- ▁ac oust ic ▁guitar ▁( # 1 ) ▁ ▁K ats uh iko ▁As ano ▁- ▁recording / mix ing ▁ ▁Mas ashi ▁F uj im ori ▁- ▁art ▁direction , ▁art ▁work ▁( Ch oc olate ) ▁ ▁Say aka ▁Hay ak awa ▁- ▁viol in ▁( # 4 ) ▁ ▁Ay ako ▁Him ata ▁- ▁viol in ▁( # 2 ) ▁ ▁Sh ig ey uki ▁Hir ano ▁- ▁director , ▁tamb our ine ▁( # 6 , ▁# 8 ) ▁( M other ▁Land ) ▁ ▁Jun ichi ▁" I ga o " ▁I gar ashi ▁- ▁programming ▁( # 8 ) ▁ ▁Nor iko ▁In ose ▁- ▁phot ography ▁ ▁D ais u ke ▁K ah ara ▁- ▁arr anger , ▁programming ▁( # 3 - 5 , ▁# 7 ) ▁ ▁T ets uto ▁K ato ▁- ▁recording / mix ing ▁( En vers ) ▁ ▁H iro sh i ▁K aw as aki ▁- ▁master ing ▁( at ▁F la ir ) ▁ ▁Y uk ie ▁Kaz ama ▁- ▁management ▁( M other ▁Land ) ▁ ▁Sho ji ▁Kob ay ashi ▁- ▁score ▁copy ist ▁( # 1 , ▁# 1 0 ) ▁ ▁K ok ia ▁- ▁arr anger ▁( # |
8 ), ▁ch orus ▁work , ▁song ▁writing , ▁vocals ▁ ▁D ais u ke ▁Kur ih ara ▁- ▁visual s ▁( Ch oc olate ) ▁ ▁Ak iko ▁Ma eda ▁- ▁management ▁( M other ▁Land ) ▁ ▁K azu hi ro ▁M ats uo ▁- ▁gu it ars ▁( # 3 - 5 , ▁# 7 - 8 ) ▁ ▁F um ia ki ▁Mi y am oto ▁- ▁ob oe ▁( # 1 , ▁# 1 0 ) ▁ ▁K azu h iko ▁Mi y am oto ▁- ▁recording / mix ing ▁( # 4 - 5 , ▁# 7 ) ▁ ▁H aj ime ▁M iz og uch i ▁- ▁c ello ▁( # 1 , ▁# 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Ry ō su ke ▁Nak an ishi ▁- ▁arr anger ▁( # 2 , ▁# 6 ) ▁ ▁Ak io ▁Nam iki ▁- ▁hair , ▁make - up ▁( K ur ara ▁System ) ▁ ▁Nar uki ▁Ni ino ▁- ▁management ▁( M other ▁Land ) ▁ ▁H iro o ▁O da ▁- ▁executive ▁producer ▁( M other ▁Land ) ▁▁ ▁Yu zo ▁O ka ▁- ▁bass ▁( # 5 ) ▁ ▁Mas ay oshi ▁Ook awa ▁- ▁recording / mix ing ▁( # 1 , ▁# 1 0 ) ▁ ▁T ais u ke ▁S aw ach ika ▁- ▁arr anger , ▁piano , ▁programming ▁( # 9 ) ▁ ▁A ki ra ▁Sen ju ▁- ▁arr anger , ▁conduct or , ▁key boards ▁( # 1 |
, ▁# 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Gen p achi ▁Se k ig uch i ▁( # 6 ) ▁ ▁T akes hi ▁Sen no o ▁- ▁piano ▁( # 1 , ▁# 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Nob uh isa ▁Sh im iz u ▁- ▁executive ▁producer ▁( V ict or ) ▁ ▁S ets uk o ▁Sug ita ▁- ▁strings ▁( g allery ▁music / le ader ) ▁( # 1 , ▁# 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Y osh imi ▁Sug i ura ▁- ▁coordin ator ▁( # 3 - 5 , ▁# 7 ) ▁ ▁Y o ji ▁Sug iy ama ▁- ▁coordin ator ▁( W itch ▁C raft ) ▁( # 1 , ▁# 1 0 ) ▁ ▁E iko ▁Su zu ki ▁- ▁visual ▁coordin ator ▁( V . D . C .) ▁ ▁Y ur ika ▁Su zu ki ▁- ▁sty list ▁( Dynamic ) ▁ ▁Y osh in ari ▁Tak eg ami ▁- ▁sa x oph one ▁( # 5 ) ▁ ▁T osh ino ▁Tan abe ▁- ▁bass ▁( # 6 ) ▁ ▁H iro sh i ▁Tan aka ▁- ▁artist ▁prom oter ▁( V ict or ) ▁ ▁H iro ko ▁Un o ▁- ▁visual s ▁( Ch oc olate ) ▁ ▁Take f umi ▁W ada ▁- ▁manip ulator ▁( # 1 ) ▁ ▁China ▁Y oshi h iko ▁( # 2 , ▁# 6 ) ▁ ▁Har uy uki ▁Y uka wa ▁- ▁A & R ▁( V ict or ) ▁ ▁References ▁▁ |
<0x09> ▁ ▁Category : K ok ia ▁( sing er ) ▁albums ▁Category : 2 0 0 4 ▁albums ▁Category : V ict or ▁Entertainment ▁albums ▁Category : J apan ese - language ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Saint - L éon - de - St andon ▁is ▁a ▁parish ▁municipality ▁of ▁about ▁ 1 , 1 0 0 ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁Belle ch asse ▁Regional ▁County ▁Municip ality ▁in ▁the ▁Cha udi ère - App al aches ▁region ▁of ▁Quebec . ▁The ▁Et chem in ▁River ▁goes ▁through ▁the ▁municipality . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁St . ▁Leon ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Par ish ▁municipal ities ▁in ▁Quebec ▁Category : In cor por ated ▁places ▁in ▁Cha udi ère - App al aches <0x0A> </s> ▁F arn ham ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁civil ▁parish ▁in ▁North ▁Dor set , ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁England , ▁on ▁C ran bor ne ▁Ch ase , ▁ ▁north ▁east ▁of ▁B land ford ▁Forum . ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁census ▁the ▁parish ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 8 3 . ▁ ▁Top onym y ▁The ▁name ▁F arn ham ▁der ives ▁from ▁the ▁Old ▁English ▁fear n ▁( fern ) ▁and ▁ham ▁( hom est ead ) ▁and ▁means ▁an ▁en closure ▁or ▁hom est ead ▁where ▁f ern s ▁grow . ▁In ▁the ▁Dom es day ▁Book ▁of ▁ 1 0 8 6 ▁F arn ham ▁was ▁recorded ▁as ▁Fer ne ham ▁or ▁Fern ham . ▁ ▁History ▁The |
▁early ▁settlement ▁history ▁of ▁F arn ham ▁isn ' t ▁clear . ▁Iron ▁Age ▁and ▁Rom ano - B rit ish ▁field ▁systems ▁were ▁created ▁in ▁the ▁surrounding ▁area ▁generally , ▁though ▁traces ▁haven ' t ▁surv ived ▁at ▁F arn ham . ▁The ▁present - day ▁F arn ham ▁village ▁has ▁emer ged ▁from ▁five ▁separate ▁settlement s ▁associated ▁with ▁clear ings ▁in ▁ha zel ▁co pp ice ; ▁in ▁the ▁Dom es day ▁Book ▁Fer ne ham ▁or ▁Fern ham ▁is ▁recorded ▁five ▁times , ▁though ▁not ▁all ▁the ▁entries ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁present - day ▁settlement . ▁The ▁book ▁records ▁ 1 2 ▁households ▁with ▁a ▁total ▁tax able ▁value ▁of ▁ 6 ▁geld ▁units . ▁The ▁county ' s ▁sh er iff ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁A i ulf ▁the ▁chamber lain , ▁owned ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁land . ▁ ▁For ▁much ▁of ▁its ▁history ▁F arn ham ▁has ▁been ▁closely ▁connected ▁with ▁T oll ard ▁Royal , ▁the ▁adjacent ▁village ▁and ▁parish ▁in ▁the ▁neighbour ing ▁county ▁of ▁W ilt shire . ▁T oll ard ▁F arn ham ▁( or ▁F arn ham ▁T oll ard ), ▁a ▁t ith ing ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁of ▁F arn ham ▁village , ▁was ▁previously ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁de ▁T oll ard ▁family ▁of ▁T oll ard ▁Royal , ▁and ▁until ▁ 1 8 8 5 , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁joined ▁with ▁F arn ham , ▁its ▁dead ▁were ▁taken ▁along ▁a ▁track ▁named ▁Bur ial s ▁Dro ve ▁to ▁be |
▁buried ▁at ▁T oll ard ▁Royal . ▁ ▁August us ▁Pitt ▁R ivers ▁lived ▁nearby ▁on ▁the ▁R ush more ▁Est ate . ▁Following ▁his ▁don ation ▁of ▁some ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁anti qu ities ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Oxford ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 4 , ▁forming ▁the ▁nucle us ▁of ▁the ▁Pitt ▁R ivers ▁Museum , ▁he ▁continued ▁to ▁collect ▁arch ae ological ▁and ▁eth n ological ▁spec im ens ▁for ▁his ▁personal ▁collection , ▁which ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁the ▁former ▁Or phan ▁Gy ps y ▁School ▁at ▁Cross ways , ▁about ▁a ▁half - mile ▁from ▁F arn ham ▁village ▁centre . ▁The ▁village ' s ▁inn ▁became ▁the ▁Museum ▁Hotel ▁to ▁c ater ▁for ▁visitors , ▁which ▁number ed ▁ 1 2 , 0 0 0 ▁per ▁year ▁at ▁the ▁peak ▁of ▁the ▁museum ' s ▁popular ity . ▁The ▁F arn ham ▁collection ▁was ▁dispers ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁with ▁the ▁British ▁items ▁going ▁to ▁the ▁Sal is bury ▁and ▁South ▁W ilt shire ▁Museum , ▁and ▁the ▁eth n ographic ▁collections ▁sold . ▁ ▁Geography ▁F arn ham ▁parish ▁is ▁situated ▁at ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁valley ▁of ▁the ▁small ▁G uss age ▁Brook , ▁on ▁the ▁dip ▁slope ▁of ▁the ▁hills ▁of ▁C ran bor ne ▁Ch ase . ▁It ▁covers ▁ ▁at ▁an ▁approximate ▁alt itude ▁of ▁ 7 5 ▁to ▁ 1 5 0 ▁metres ▁( 2 5 0 ▁to ▁ 5 0 0 |
▁feet ) ▁and ▁ge olog ically ▁compr ises ▁ch alk , ▁over lain ▁by ▁cl ay - with - fl ints ▁in ▁places . ▁Me as ured ▁directly , ▁F arn ham ▁village ▁is ▁ ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁B land ford ▁Forum , ▁ ▁sout heast ▁of ▁Sh aft es bury , ▁ ▁north - n orth west ▁of ▁W im bor ne ▁Min ster ▁and ▁ ▁south west ▁of ▁Sal is bury . ▁ ▁Dem ography ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁census ▁F arn ham ▁civil ▁parish ▁had ▁ 1 0 5 ▁dwell ings , ▁ 9 2 ▁households ▁and ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 8 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁of ▁the ▁parish ▁in ▁the ▁cens uses ▁between ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁is ▁shown ▁in ▁the ▁table ▁below : ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Dor set <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁disc ography ▁of ▁Ye as ayer , ▁an ▁American ▁experimental ▁rock ▁band , ▁consists ▁of ▁five ▁studio ▁albums , ▁eigh teen ▁singles , ▁two ▁live ▁albums ▁and ▁four ▁extended ▁plays ▁( EP s ). ▁ ▁Ye as ayer ' s ▁first ▁album ▁All ▁H our ▁C ym b als ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁to ▁critical ▁pra ise . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁the ▁band ▁released ▁the ▁crit ically ▁acc laimed ▁O dd ▁Blood ▁with ▁the ▁album ▁scoring ▁the ▁group ' s ▁first ▁chart ▁success ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁The |
▁album ▁produced ▁several ▁world ▁chart ing ▁singles ▁such ▁as ▁" Am bling ▁Al p ", ▁" O . N . E ." ▁and ▁" Mad der ▁Red ". ▁In ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁the ▁band ▁started ▁work ▁on ▁their ▁third ▁album ▁Fra gr ant ▁World . ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁gave ▁the ▁band ▁their ▁biggest ▁hit ▁album . ▁Chart ing ▁in ▁the ▁top ▁ 5 0 ▁in ▁many ▁countries ▁and ▁pe aking ▁number ▁ 4 4 ▁on ▁the ▁Billboard ▁ 2 0 0 , ▁the ▁album ▁is ▁the ▁band ' s ▁highest ▁chart ing ▁album ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁to ▁date . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁band ' s ▁third ▁album , ▁Ye as ayer ▁started ▁recording ▁for ▁their ▁fourth ▁album ▁A men ▁& ▁Good bye . ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁delayed ▁heavily ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁storm ▁that ▁had ▁destroyed ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁recording ▁t apes . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁after ▁a ▁four - year ▁gap ▁between ▁albums , ▁the ▁longest ▁in ▁the ▁band ' s ▁career . ▁The ▁group ' s ▁fifth ▁album ▁E rot ic ▁R er uns ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁June ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁album ▁to ▁release ▁on ▁the ▁band ' s ▁own ▁im print ▁label ▁" Y e as ayer ▁Records " ▁ ▁Albums ▁ ▁Studio ▁albums ▁ ▁Live ▁albums ▁ ▁Ext ended ▁Pl ays ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁Other ▁appearances ▁ ▁Music ▁videos ▁ ▁Notes |
▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : Dis c ograph ies ▁of ▁American ▁artists ▁Category : R ock ▁music ▁group ▁disc ograph ies ▁Category : Al tern ative ▁rock ▁disc ograph ies <0x0A> </s> ▁Leonard ▁Robert ▁Pal mer ▁( 5 ▁June ▁ 1 9 0 6 , ▁Br istol ▁– ▁ 2 6 ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁Pit ney , ▁Som erset ) ▁was ▁author ▁and ▁Professor ▁of ▁Compar ative ▁Phil ology ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Oxford ▁ ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁Fellow ▁of ▁Wor c ester ▁College , ▁Oxford . ▁Pal mer ▁made ▁some ▁significant ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁Class ical ▁languages , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁historical ▁lingu istics . ▁ ▁Career ▁Pal mer ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Card iff ▁High ▁School , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁South ▁Wales , ▁Tr inity ▁College ▁Cambridge , ▁and ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Vienna . ▁ ▁He ▁started ▁his ▁academic ▁career ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 1 , ▁teaching ▁class ics ▁at ▁Manchester ▁University . ▁He ▁held ▁the ▁Chair ▁of ▁Class ical ▁Liter ature ▁at ▁King ' s ▁College , ▁London ▁between ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁Chair ▁of ▁Greek ▁there ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁ ▁During ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁Pal mer ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁Government ▁Code ▁and ▁Cy pher ▁School ▁( GC & CS ) ▁at ▁B |
let ch ley ▁Park , ▁at ▁the ▁so - called ▁H ut ▁ 4 . ▁Their ▁work ▁was ▁the ▁translation , ▁interpretation ▁and ▁distribution ▁of ▁enemy ▁messages . ▁ ▁A ▁strong ▁focus ▁of ▁Pal mer ' s ▁work ▁was ▁the ▁Greek ▁lingu istics , ▁and ▁in ▁particular ▁the ▁language ▁and ▁d ating ▁of ▁the ▁My c ena e an ▁Linear ▁B ▁table ts . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁research ed ▁the ▁pre - G reek ▁languages ▁in ▁the ▁A ege an ▁Sea ▁area , ▁their ▁origin ▁and ▁chron ology . ▁Pal mer ▁also ▁wrote ▁an ▁influ ential ▁historical ▁and ▁lingu istic ▁survey ▁of ▁the ▁Latin ▁language ; ▁he ▁later ▁followed ▁this ▁with ▁a ▁companion ▁work ▁on ▁the ▁Greek ▁language , ▁foc using ▁on ▁its ▁development ▁from ▁Linear ▁B ▁and ▁its ▁evolution ▁into ▁multiple ▁dialect s ▁throughout ▁the ▁A ege an ▁region . ▁▁ ▁Pal mer ▁played ▁a ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁controvers ies ▁over ▁the ▁d ating ▁of ▁arch ae ological ▁finds ▁from ▁M ino an ▁Cre te , ▁where ▁he ▁disag re ed ▁with ▁the ▁exc av ator , ▁Sir ▁Arthur ▁Evans , ▁and ▁fav oured ▁a ▁later ▁date . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁book ▁" Des cript ive ▁& ▁Compar ative ▁L ingu istics " ▁( 1 9 7 2 ), ▁among ▁other ▁things , ▁he ▁took ▁issue ▁with ▁the ▁Ch om sk ian ▁lingu istics . ▁ ▁Pro to - G reek ▁studies ▁Pal mer ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁lingu ists ▁who ▁were ▁investig ating ▁the ▁theories ▁that ▁some ▁unknown ▁language ▁or ▁languages |
▁were ▁spoken ▁in ▁pre histor ic ▁Greece ▁before ▁the ▁settlement ▁of ▁Pro to - G reek ▁speak ers ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁So ▁this ▁is ▁the ▁question ▁of ▁an ▁ancient ▁lingu istic ▁Pre - G reek ▁substr ate ▁in ▁Greece . ▁According ▁to ▁Pal mer , ▁this ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ancient ▁An atol ian ▁languages , ▁perhaps ▁a ▁Lu w ian ▁language . ▁He ▁suggested ▁that ▁the ▁language ▁of ▁Linear ▁A ▁might ▁be ▁Lu w ian ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁- ss - ▁and ▁- nd - ▁( cor respond ing ▁to ▁- ss - ▁and ▁- nth - ▁in ▁main land ▁Greece ) ▁pla cen ames ▁being ▁w ides p read ▁in ▁Western ▁An atol ia . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁Pal mer ▁was ▁elected ▁Secretary ▁and ▁then ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Phil ological ▁Society . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁corresponding ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Deutsch es ▁Arch ä olog isches ▁Institut . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁he ▁received ▁an ▁honor ary ▁doctor ate ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁In ns b ruck . ▁ ▁References ▁O BIT U ARY : ▁PRO F ▁LE ON ARD ▁P AL M ER ▁The ▁Times , ▁ 2 9 ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁Mor pur go ▁Dav ies , ▁A . ▁and ▁Me id , ▁W . ▁( eds ), ▁Studies ▁in ▁Greek , ▁Ital ic ▁and ▁Ind o - Europe an ▁L ingu istics ▁offered ▁to ▁Leonard ▁R . ▁Pal mer ▁on ▁the ▁occasion ▁of ▁his ▁sevent i eth |
▁B irth day . ▁In ns b ruck ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁ ▁Publications ▁The ▁Greek ▁language ▁( The ▁Great ▁languages ) ▁by ▁Leonard ▁Robert ▁Pal mer , ▁ 3 5 5 ▁P ages , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁by ▁Human ities ▁Press ▁ ▁Des cript ive ▁& ▁Compar ative ▁L ingu istics ▁( Updated ) ▁A ▁Crit ical ▁Introduction ▁( St ud ies ▁in ▁General ▁L ingu istics ) ▁by ▁Leonard ▁R . ▁Pal mer , ▁P aper back , ▁ 4 3 0 ▁P ages , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁by ▁Fab er ▁& ▁Fab er ▁ ▁The ▁Latin ▁Language . ▁by ▁Leonard ▁Robert ▁Pal mer . ▁P aper back , ▁ 3 7 2 ▁P ages , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁by ▁University ▁Of ▁Oklahoma ▁Press . ▁ ▁New ▁Guide ▁to ▁the ▁Palace ▁of ▁Kn oss os . ▁by ▁Leonard ▁R . ▁Pal mer , ▁L . R ▁Pal mer ▁Hard cover , ▁ 1 4 4 ▁P ages , ▁Pub lished ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁by ▁Fab er ▁And ▁Fab er ▁ ▁Leonard ▁Robert ▁Pal mer , ▁Inter pret ation ▁of ▁My c ena e an ▁Greek ▁Text s ▁( O x ford ▁University ▁Press ▁academic ▁mon ograph ▁repr ints ) ▁ ▁Leonard ▁Robert ▁Pal mer , ▁On ▁the ▁Kn oss os ▁table ts : ▁The ▁find - p laces ▁of ▁the ▁Kn oss os ▁table ts . ▁Book , ▁ 1 9 6 3 . ▁ |
2 5 1 ▁p . ▁Leonard ▁Robert ▁Pal mer , ▁My c ena e ans ▁and ▁M ino ans ; ▁A ege an ▁pre history ▁in ▁the ▁light ▁of ▁the ▁Linear ▁B ▁table ts . ▁ 2 d ▁rev . ▁ed . ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ 3 6 8 ▁p ▁Leonard ▁Robert ▁Pal mer , ▁A ▁grammar ▁of ▁the ▁post - P to le ma ic ▁pap y ri ▁( 1 5 ▁ed itions ▁published ▁between ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 8 ) ▁Leonard ▁Robert ▁Pal mer , ▁The ▁language ▁of ▁H omer ▁( 1 9 6 2 ) ▁Leonard ▁Robert ▁Pal mer , ▁A ege an ▁chron ology ▁( 1 9 8 4 ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁WorldCat ▁library ▁catalog ▁of ▁academic ▁publications ▁by ▁Robert ▁Pal mer ▁( over ▁ 3 0 0 ▁results ) ▁ ▁Category : L ingu ists ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : B rit ish ▁phil olog ists ▁Category : Ind o - Europe an ists ▁Category : 1 9 0 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 8 4 ▁death s ▁Category : Die bold ▁Prof ess ors ▁of ▁Compar ative ▁Phil ology ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁Wor c ester ▁College , ▁Oxford <0x0A> </s> ▁Gros ol anus ▁or ▁G ross ol anus , ▁born ▁Peter , ▁was ▁the ▁Arch bishop ▁of ▁Milan ▁from ▁ 1 1 0 2 ▁to ▁ 1 1 1 2 . ▁He ▁succeeded ▁An sel m IV , ▁who ▁had |
▁made ▁him ▁vic ar ▁during ▁his ▁absence ▁on ▁the ▁Cr us ade ▁of ▁ 1 1 0 1 , ▁and ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁Jordan , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁his ▁sub de acon . ▁ ▁Gros ol anus ▁was ▁the ▁ab bot ▁of ▁Fer ran ia ▁and ▁already ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Sav ona ▁when ▁An sel m ▁appointed ▁him ▁to ▁act ▁as ▁his ▁vic ar ▁during ▁the ▁cr us ade . ▁ ▁Gros ol anus ▁was ▁accused ▁of ▁sim ony ▁in ▁obtain ing ▁the ▁Amb ros ian ▁see ▁by ▁the ▁priest ▁Li pr and , ▁who ▁proceeded ▁through ▁the ▁or de al ▁of ▁fire ▁to ▁prove ▁his ▁charges . ▁This ▁tale ▁is ▁probably ▁an ▁in vention ▁of ▁Land ol fo ▁I uni ore , ▁bearing ▁little ▁res embl ance ▁to ▁reality , ▁save ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁Gros ol anus ▁was ▁opposed ▁by ▁a ▁strong ▁fa ction ▁in ▁the ▁city . ▁Even ▁in ▁modern ▁times , ▁though , ▁it ▁has ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁insp iration ▁of ▁a ▁song ▁by ▁En zo ▁J ann acci . ▁ ▁The ▁arch bishop ▁was ▁still ▁emb att led ▁when , ▁in ▁ 1 1 1 1 , ▁he ▁decided ▁to ▁go ▁on ▁a ▁pil gr image ▁to ▁Out re mer . ▁Al most ▁immediately ▁a ▁council ▁of ▁equal ▁numbers ▁of ▁supp or ters ▁and ▁oppon ents ▁of ▁the ▁arch bishop ▁conven ed ▁in ▁his ▁absence ▁and , ▁depos ing ▁him , ▁elected ▁Jordan ▁of ▁Cl iv io ▁in ▁his ▁place ▁on ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁Day . ▁Of ▁all ▁Milan |
' s ▁suff rag ans , ▁only ▁At to , ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Ac qui , ▁and ▁Ar der ic , ▁Bishop ▁of ▁L odi , ▁refused ▁to ▁do ▁hom age ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁bishop ▁and ▁remained ▁loyal ▁to ▁Gros ol anus . ▁On ▁ 6 Dec ember , ▁Main ard , ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Tur in , ▁formally ▁de posed ▁Gros ol anus ▁at ▁the ▁alt ar ▁in ▁S . ▁Am bro gio . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 1 1 1 3 , ▁Gros ol anus ▁returned ▁from ▁his ▁pil gr image . ▁T ensions ▁were ▁raised ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Milan , ▁where ▁the ▁old ▁arch bishop ▁still ▁had ▁some ▁supp or ters . ▁Finally , ▁on ▁ 1 1 M arch ▁ 1 1 1 6 , ▁Pope ▁Pas ch al II ▁declared ▁Gros ol anus ' ▁transfer ral ▁from ▁the ▁see ▁of ▁Sav ona ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁Milan ▁to ▁be ▁invalid ▁and ▁thus ▁null . ▁He ▁was ▁transferred ▁back ▁to ▁Sav ona ▁and ▁Jordan ▁was ▁pap ally ▁confirmed ▁as ▁the ▁legit imate ▁Amb ros ian ▁pont iff ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁time . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Set ton , ▁K . ▁M . ▁( 1 9 5 6 ). ▁" The ▁By z antine ▁Background ▁to ▁the ▁Italian ▁Renaissance ". ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Philosoph ical ▁Society , ▁ 1 0 0 : 1 , ▁pp . 1 – 7 6 . ▁Land ul phi ▁Junior is ▁s ive ▁de ▁San ct o |
▁Paulo ▁Historia ▁Medi olan ensis ▁ab ▁anno ▁M X CV ▁us que ▁ad ▁an num ▁MC XXX V II . ▁translated ▁( Ital ian ) ▁by ▁Carlo ▁Cast ig l ioni . ▁Z an ich elli : ▁Bolog na , ▁ 1 9 3 4 . ▁Alfred o ▁Luc ioni , ▁" G ross ol ano ", ▁in ▁D iz ionario ▁della ▁Chiesa ▁Amb ros iana . ▁vol . ▁ 3 , ▁pp . 1 5 3 1 – 1 5 3 2 . ▁N ED : ▁Milan , ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁Pietro ▁Ver ri , ▁Storia ▁di ▁Milano , ▁ 1 7 9 8 ▁- ▁Tom o ▁I , ▁pp . 1 4 9 – 1 5 4 ▁( cap . ▁VI ) ▁Car av ale , ▁Mario ▁( ed ). ▁D iz ionario ▁Bi ograf ico ▁degli ▁Italian i : ▁L X ▁Gros so ▁– ▁G ug li el mo ▁da ▁For l ì . ▁Rome , ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁Category : Arch b ish ops ▁of ▁Milan ▁Category : 1 2 th - century ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁arch b ish ops ▁Category : B ish ops ▁of ▁Sav ona ▁Category : Ital ian ▁abb ots ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing <0x0A> </s> ▁David ▁Gren v old ▁( born ▁ 6 ▁March ▁ 1 9 6 6 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁Australian ▁rules ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁with ▁Ess end on |
▁in ▁the ▁Australian ▁Football ▁League ▁( AF L ). ▁ ▁Origin ally ▁from ▁B ord ert own , ▁South ▁Australia , ▁Gren v old ▁debut ▁for ▁Glen el g ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁as ▁an ▁ 1 8 ▁year ▁old , ▁he ▁would ▁continue ▁to ▁play ▁on ▁with ▁Glen el g ▁as ▁a ▁solid ▁def ender ▁until ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁missing ▁out ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁and ▁ 8 6 ▁premi ership ▁teams . ▁At ▁age ▁ 2 1 ▁he ▁was ▁draft ed ▁to ▁Ess end on ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁V FL ▁national ▁draft ▁at ▁pick ▁ 4 5 . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁ 1 2 ▁games ▁in ▁his ▁debut ▁season ▁and ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁played ▁every ▁game , ▁except ▁for ▁a ▁two - week ▁susp ension ▁however ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁he ▁injured ▁his ▁kne e ▁in ▁a ▁practice ▁game ▁at ▁Mo or ab bin ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁and ▁didn ' t ▁play ▁a ▁game ▁that ▁season . ▁Gren v old ▁would ▁come ▁back ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁with ▁ 1 1 ▁games ▁then ▁played ▁every ▁game ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁including ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Grand ▁Final ▁win ▁over ▁Carl ton . ▁He ▁would ▁play ▁ 1 8 ▁games ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁and ▁ 2 3 ▁games ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁but ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁he ▁would ▁only ▁manage ▁ |
1 ▁game ▁due ▁to ▁injury ▁after ▁which ▁Gren v old ▁retired ▁from ▁the ▁A FL . ▁Gren v old ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁back line ▁for ▁Ess end on ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁consistent , ▁rug ged ▁contrib utor ▁he ▁appeared ▁ 1 1 2 ▁times ▁for ▁the ▁club , ▁including ▁their ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Grand ▁Final ▁win . ▁He ▁also ▁represented ▁South ▁Australia ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁ ▁Gren v old ▁came ▁back ▁to ▁Glen el g ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁playing ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁He ▁would ▁finish ▁with ▁ 1 0 1 ▁games ▁and ▁ 2 0 ▁goals ▁for ▁the ▁B ays . ▁After ▁football ▁Gren v old ▁held ▁roles ▁at ▁the ▁Ad ela ide ▁Football ▁Club ▁and ▁Gre ater ▁Western ▁Sydney . ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁Chief ▁Executive ▁Officer ▁of ▁West ▁Ad ela ide ▁Football ▁Club . ▁ ▁Statistics ▁ ▁| - ▁| - ▁style =" background - color : ▁# E AE AE A " ▁! ▁scope =" row " ▁style =" text - align : center " ▁| ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁| style =" text - align : center ;" | ▁| ▁ 2 9 ▁|| ▁ 1 2 ▁|| ▁ 2 ▁|| ▁ 2 ▁|| ▁ 8 2 ▁|| ▁ 6 9 ▁|| ▁ 1 5 1 ▁|| ▁ 2 5 ▁|| ▁ 1 4 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 2 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 2 ▁|| ▁ 6 . 8 ▁|| ▁ 5 . |
8 ▁|| ▁ 1 2 . 6 ▁|| ▁ 2 . 1 ▁|| ▁ 1 . 2 ▁|| ▁ 0 ▁| - ▁! ▁scope =" row " ▁style =" text - align : center " ▁| ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁| style =" text - align : center ;" | ▁| ▁ 2 9 ▁|| ▁ 2 3 ▁|| ▁ 3 ▁|| ▁ 6 ▁|| ▁ 2 1 0 ▁|| ▁ 1 6 3 ▁|| ▁ 3 7 3 ▁|| ▁ 6 4 ▁|| ▁ 3 1 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 1 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 3 ▁|| ▁ 9 . 1 ▁|| ▁ 7 . 1 ▁|| ▁ 1 6 . 2 ▁|| ▁ 2 . 8 ▁|| ▁ 1 . 3 ▁|| ▁ 6 ▁| - ▁style =" background - color : ▁# E AE AE A " ▁! ▁scope =" row " ▁style =" text - align : center " ▁| ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁| style =" text - align : center ;" | ▁| ▁ 2 9 ▁|| ▁ 0 ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁|| ▁— ▁| - ▁! ▁scope =" row " ▁style =" text - align : center " ▁| ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁| style =" text - align : center ;" | ▁| ▁ 2 9 ▁|| ▁ 1 1 ▁|| ▁ 2 ▁|| ▁ 4 ▁|| |
▁ 7 0 ▁|| ▁ 6 1 ▁|| ▁ 1 3 1 ▁|| ▁ 1 9 ▁|| ▁ 9 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 2 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 4 ▁|| ▁ 6 . 4 ▁|| ▁ 5 . 5 ▁|| ▁ 1 1 . 9 ▁|| ▁ 1 . 7 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 8 ▁|| ▁ 0 ▁| - ▁style =" background - color : ▁# E AE AE A " ▁| style =" text - align : center ; background :# a fe 6 ba ;" | 1 9 9 3 † ▁| style =" text - align : center ;" | ▁| ▁ 2 9 ▁|| ▁ 2 4 ▁|| ▁ 7 ▁|| ▁ 4 ▁|| ▁ 2 1 4 ▁|| ▁ 1 4 2 ▁|| ▁ 3 5 6 ▁|| ▁ 6 9 ▁|| ▁ 2 8 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 3 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 2 ▁|| ▁ 8 . 9 ▁|| ▁ 5 . 9 ▁|| ▁ 1 4 . 8 ▁|| ▁ 2 . 9 ▁|| ▁ 1 . 2 ▁|| ▁ 0 ▁| - ▁! ▁scope =" row " ▁style =" text - align : center " ▁| ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁| style =" text - align : center ;" | ▁| ▁ 2 9 ▁|| ▁ 1 8 ▁|| ▁ 1 ▁|| ▁ 2 ▁|| ▁ 1 2 0 ▁|| ▁ 7 8 ▁|| ▁ 1 9 8 ▁|| ▁ 3 6 ▁|| ▁ 1 5 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 1 ▁|| |
▁ 0 . 1 ▁|| ▁ 6 . 7 ▁|| ▁ 4 . 3 ▁|| ▁ 1 1 . 0 ▁|| ▁ 2 . 0 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 8 ▁|| ▁ 0 ▁| - ▁style =" background - color : ▁# E AE AE A " ▁! ▁scope =" row " ▁style =" text - align : center " ▁| ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁| style =" text - align : center ;" | ▁| ▁ 2 9 ▁|| ▁ 2 3 ▁|| ▁ 3 ▁|| ▁ 2 ▁|| ▁ 1 4 3 ▁|| ▁ 8 5 ▁|| ▁ 2 2 8 ▁|| ▁ 5 2 ▁|| ▁ 1 5 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 1 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 1 ▁|| ▁ 6 . 2 ▁|| ▁ 3 . 7 ▁|| ▁ 9 . 9 ▁|| ▁ 2 . 3 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 7 ▁|| ▁ 0 ▁| - ▁! ▁scope =" row " ▁style =" text - align : center " ▁| ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁| style =" text - align : center ;" | ▁| ▁ 2 9 ▁|| ▁ 1 ▁|| ▁ 0 ▁|| ▁ 0 ▁|| ▁ 6 ▁|| ▁ 5 ▁|| ▁ 1 1 ▁|| ▁ 2 ▁|| ▁ 0 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 0 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 0 ▁|| ▁ 6 . 0 ▁|| ▁ 5 . 0 ▁|| ▁ 1 1 . 0 ▁|| ▁ 2 . 0 ▁|| ▁ 0 . 0 ▁|| ▁ 0 ▁| - ▁class =" |
sort bottom " ▁! ▁col span = 3 | ▁Career ▁! ▁ 1 1 2 ▁! ▁ 1 8 ▁! ▁ 2 0 ▁! ▁ 8 4 5 ▁! ▁ 6 0 3 ▁! ▁ 1 4 4 8 ▁! ▁ 2 6 7 ▁! ▁ 1 1 2 ▁! ▁ 0 . 2 ▁! ▁ 0 . 2 ▁! ▁ 7 . 5 ▁! ▁ 5 . 4 ▁! ▁ 1 2 . 9 ▁! ▁ 2 . 4 ▁! ▁ 1 . 0 ▁! ▁ 6 ▁| } ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Austral ian ▁rules ▁football ers ▁from ▁South ▁Australia ▁Category : E ss end on ▁Football ▁Club ▁players ▁Category : G len el g ▁Football ▁Club ▁players ▁Category : S outh ▁Australian ▁State ▁of ▁Origin ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Five ▁T ango ▁S ens ations ▁is ▁a ▁suite ▁of ▁works ▁( As leep — L oving — An x iety — Des pert ar — F ear ) ▁for ▁band one ón ▁and ▁string ▁quart et ▁written ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁by ▁Argent ine ▁composer ▁Á stor ▁Pia zz ol la . ▁It ▁was ▁premier ed ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁that ▁year ▁and ▁recorded ▁immediately ▁afterwards ▁by ▁the ▁K ron os ▁Quart et ▁and ▁the ▁composer , ▁who ▁played ▁the ▁band one ón . ▁The ▁record ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁three ▁intern ation ally ▁t ing ed ▁albums ▁released ▁simultaneously , |
▁the ▁Argent ine ▁music ▁of ▁this ▁album ▁being ▁accompanied ▁by ▁the ▁music ▁of ▁South - A fr ican ▁composer ▁Kevin ▁Vol ans ▁on ▁Kevin ▁Vol ans : ▁Hun ting : G ather ing ▁and ▁the ▁music ▁of ▁Polish ▁composer ▁Wit old ▁L utos ław ski ▁on ▁Wit old ▁L utos ław ski : ▁String ▁Quart et . ▁ ▁The ▁K ron os ▁Quart et ▁and ▁Á stor ▁Pia zz ol la ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁K ron os ' s ▁executive ▁producer , ▁Robert ▁Hur witz , ▁had ▁taken ▁Pia zz ol la , ▁who ▁was ▁on ▁an ▁extended ▁stay ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁quart et ▁perform . ▁Back stage , ▁after ▁Pia zz ol la ▁paid ▁his ▁compl iments ▁to ▁the ▁quart et , ▁viol in ist ▁David ▁Harr ington ▁asked ▁if ▁he ▁could ▁call ▁him ▁in ▁a ▁few ▁days ; ▁when ▁Harr ington ▁called , ▁Pia zz ol la ▁had ▁already ▁composed ▁" F our , ▁For ▁T ango " ▁for ▁them . ▁( The ▁quart et ▁still ▁plays ▁the ▁piece ▁from ▁phot oc op ies ▁of ▁Pia zz ol la ' s ▁original ▁score .) ▁The ▁quart et ▁recorded ▁the ▁piece ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁for ▁their ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁album ▁Winter ▁Was ▁Hard . ▁They ▁continued ▁their ▁collaboration ▁in ▁live ▁performance ; ▁as ▁late ▁as ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Pia zz ol la ▁and ▁the ▁quart et ▁performed ▁together ▁at ▁a ▁festival ▁in ▁Germany |
. ▁ ▁The ▁five ▁compos itions ▁on ▁this ▁album , ▁" a ▁musical ▁fare well ▁to ▁life ," ▁date ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁and ▁were ▁written ▁after ▁Pia zz ol la ▁experienced ▁a ▁grave ▁ill ness . ▁They ▁were ▁premier ed ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁at ▁Alice ▁Tul ly ▁Hall ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁November ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁Pia zz ol la ▁having ▁flow n ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁to ▁play ▁with ▁the ▁quart et ▁for ▁the ▁premi ere ▁and ▁the ▁subsequent ▁record ings , ▁which ▁were ▁done ▁in ▁a ▁three - hour ▁session ▁at ▁the ▁Power ▁Station ▁in ▁Manh attan . ▁Harr ington ▁remarked ▁that ▁this ▁was ▁the ▁short est ▁recording ▁session ▁they ▁had ▁ever ▁done , ▁and ▁the ▁quart et ▁noted ▁a ▁" center ed ▁stern ness " ▁in ▁Pia zz ol la : ▁according ▁to ▁Harr ington , ▁" he ▁pulled ▁the ▁music ▁out ▁of ▁K ron os ." ▁ ▁The ▁session ▁with ▁the ▁K ron os ▁Quart et ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁his ▁last ▁studio ▁recording : ▁Pia zz ol la , ▁who ▁had ▁revolution ized ▁the ▁traditional ▁t ango ▁creating ▁a ▁new ▁style , ▁the ▁nuevo ▁t ango , ▁died ▁on ▁ 4 ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁ ▁All an ▁K oz inn , ▁review ing ▁the ▁compos itions ▁for ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁after ▁their ▁premi ere ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁called ▁them ▁" a ▁set ▁of ▁char |
ming ly ▁mel od ic ▁tang os ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁group ▁supplied ▁an ▁accompan iment ▁to ▁the ▁composer ' s ▁urb ane ▁performances ▁on ▁the ▁accord ion like ▁band one on ." ▁Adam ▁Green berg ▁remarks ▁in ▁his ▁review ▁on ▁All music ▁that ▁" P ia zz ol la ▁plays ▁his ▁heart ▁out ▁on ▁his ▁trust y ▁band one on , ▁and ▁the ▁K ron os ▁players ▁accomp any ▁to ▁per fection ." ▁Michael ▁Bar rett , ▁in ▁the ▁San ▁Antonio ▁Express - News , ▁calls ▁it ▁a ▁" work ▁of ▁trag ic ▁beauty ." ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁Mus icians ▁David ▁Harr ington ▁– ▁viol in ▁John ▁Sher ba ▁– ▁viol in ▁H ank ▁D utt ▁– ▁vi ola ▁Joan ▁Jean ren aud ▁– ▁c ello ▁Á stor ▁Pia zz ol la ▁– ▁band one ón ▁ ▁Production ▁Record ed ▁and ▁mixed ▁at ▁Power ▁Station , ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Jud ith ▁Sh erman , ▁Rob ▁E aton , ▁Dave ▁O ' D onn ell , ▁Dan ▁G ell ert ▁– ▁engine ers ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁K ron os ▁Quart et ▁disc ography ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 1 ▁albums ▁Category : K ron os ▁Quart et ▁albums ▁Category : N ones uch ▁Records ▁albums ▁Category : T ango ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁B är ent hal ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁municipality ▁in ▁the ▁valley ▁of ▁river ▁B ä ra , ▁West ▁Sw ab ian ▁Alb , ▁district ▁of ▁T utt lingen ▁in ▁Baden - W ür ttemberg ▁in ▁Germany . ▁ |
▁References ▁ ▁Category : T utt lingen ▁( d istrict ) ▁Category : Pro v ince ▁of ▁H oh enz oll ern <0x0A> </s> ▁Relig ious ▁natural ism ▁comb ines ▁a ▁natural ist ▁world view ▁with ▁ide als , ▁per ception s , ▁trad itions , ▁and ▁values ▁that ▁have ▁been ▁tradition ally ▁associated ▁with ▁many ▁relig ions ▁or ▁religious ▁institutions . ▁" Rel ig ious ▁natural ism ▁is ▁a ▁perspective ▁that ▁finds ▁religious ▁meaning ▁in ▁the ▁natural ▁world ▁and ▁reject s ▁the ▁notion ▁of ▁a ▁super natural ▁real m ." ▁The ▁term ▁" rel ig ious " ▁in ▁this ▁context ▁is ▁constru ed ▁in ▁general ▁terms , ▁separate ▁from ▁the ▁trad itions , ▁custom s , ▁or ▁belief s ▁of ▁any ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁established ▁relig ions . ▁▁ ▁Are as ▁of ▁inqu iry ▁include ▁attempts ▁to ▁understand ▁the ▁natural ▁world ▁and ▁the ▁spiritual ▁and ▁moral ▁imp lications ▁of ▁natural ist ▁views . ▁Under standing ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁knowledge ▁obtained ▁through ▁scientific ▁inqu iry , ▁and ▁ins ights ▁from ▁the ▁human ities ▁and ▁the ▁arts . ▁Relig ious ▁natural ists ▁use ▁these ▁pers pect ives ▁when ▁they ▁respond ▁to ▁personal ▁and ▁social ▁challeng es ▁( e . g . ▁finding ▁purpose , ▁seeking ▁justice , ▁coming ▁to ▁terms ▁with ▁mort ality ) ▁and ▁concerning ▁the ▁natural ▁world . ▁ ▁Over view ▁ ▁Natural ism ▁All ▁forms ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism , ▁being ▁natural istic ▁in ▁their ▁basic ▁belief s , ▁assert ▁that ▁the ▁natural ▁world ▁is ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁our ▁most ▁significant |
▁experiences ▁and ▁understand ings . ▁Con sequently , ▁Nature ▁is ▁looked ▁at ▁as ▁the ▁ult imate ▁value ▁in ▁assess ing ▁one ' s ▁being . ▁Despite ▁having ▁followed ▁differ ing ▁cultural ▁and ▁individual ▁paths , ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁aff irm ▁the ▁human ▁need ▁for ▁meaning ▁and ▁value ▁in ▁their ▁lives . ▁They ▁draw ▁on ▁two ▁fundamental ▁conv ict ions ▁in ▁those ▁qu ests : ▁the ▁sense ▁of ▁Nature ' s ▁rich ness , ▁spect ac ular ▁complexity , ▁and ▁fert ility , ▁and ▁the ▁recognition ▁that ▁Nature ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁real m ▁in ▁which ▁people ▁live ▁out ▁their ▁lives . ▁Hum ans ▁are ▁considered ▁inter connected ▁to ▁various ▁parts ▁of ▁Nature . ▁ ▁Science ▁is ▁a ▁fundamental , ▁ind isp ens able ▁component ▁of ▁the ▁parad ig m ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism . ▁It ▁re lies ▁on ▁main stream ▁science ▁to ▁rein force ▁religious ▁and ▁spiritual ▁pers pect ives . ▁Science ▁is ▁the ▁primary ▁interpret ive ▁tool ▁for ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁because ▁scientific ▁methods ▁provide ▁the ▁most ▁reliable ▁understanding ▁of ▁Nature ▁and ▁the ▁world , ▁including ▁human ▁nature . ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁natural ists ▁use ▁the ▁term ▁" rel ig ious " ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁an ▁attitude ▁of ▁being ▁appreci ative ▁of ▁and ▁interested ▁in ▁concerns ▁that ▁have ▁long ▁been ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁relig ions . ▁These ▁include : ▁ ▁A ▁spiritual ▁sense , ▁which ▁may ▁include ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁mystery ▁or ▁wonder ▁or ▁feelings ▁of ▁rever ence ▁or ▁a we ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁scope ▁and ▁power ▁and ▁beauty |
▁of ▁the ▁natural ▁world . ▁ ▁A ▁moral ▁sense ▁with ▁comp ass ion , ▁desire ▁for ▁justice , ▁and ▁attempts ▁to ▁do ▁what ▁is ▁right — con c ern ing ▁other ▁people , ▁other ▁cre atures , ▁and ▁the ▁natural ▁environment ) ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁all ▁that ▁is ▁and ▁the ▁reason ▁why ▁all ▁things ▁are ▁as ▁they ▁are , ▁the ▁natural ▁world ▁can ▁be ▁of ▁ut most ▁importance . ▁ ▁As ▁in ▁other ▁religious ▁orient ations , ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁includes ▁a ▁central ▁story , ▁a ▁modern ▁creation ▁myth , ▁to ▁describe ▁human ity ▁and ▁its ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁This ▁story ▁begins ▁with ▁the ▁Big ▁Bang ▁and ▁the ▁emer gence ▁of ▁galaxies , ▁stars , ▁plan ets , ▁life , ▁and ▁evolution ▁that ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁emer gence ▁of ▁human ▁be ings . ▁T aking ▁this ▁insight ▁into ▁the ▁being ▁and ▁origin ▁of ▁humans , ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁look ▁to ▁the ▁natural ▁world , ▁as ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁human ▁intelligence ▁and ▁incl in ations , ▁for ▁information ▁and ▁ins ights ▁that ▁may ▁help ▁to ▁understand ▁and ▁respond ▁to ▁un answer ed ▁philosoph ical ▁questions ▁such ▁as ▁: ▁▁▁ ▁Why ▁do ▁we ▁want ▁what ▁we ▁want ? ▁ ▁Why ▁do ▁we ▁do ▁the ▁things ▁we ▁do ? ▁ ▁What ▁might ▁we ▁try ▁to ▁point ▁ourselves ▁toward ? ▁ ▁Furthermore , ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁try ▁to ▁find ▁ways ▁to ▁minim ize ▁problems ▁( both ▁internally ▁and ▁extern ally ), ▁to ▁allow ▁us ▁to ▁better ▁ourselves , ▁and ▁relate ▁to ▁others ▁and |
▁the ▁world ▁we ▁are ▁part ▁of . ▁ ▁When ▁discuss ing ▁dist in ctions ▁between ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁and ▁sec ular ▁natural ists , ▁Lo yal ▁R ue ▁said : ▁" I ▁regard ▁a ▁religious ▁or ▁spiritual ▁person ▁to ▁be ▁one ▁who ▁takes ▁ult imate ▁concerns ▁to ▁heart ." ▁He ▁noted ▁that , ▁while ▁" plain ▁old " ▁natural ists ▁are ▁concerned ▁with ▁mor als ▁and ▁may ▁have ▁emot ional ▁responses ▁to ▁the ▁myster ies ▁and ▁w onders ▁of ▁the ▁world , ▁those ▁who ▁describe ▁themselves ▁as ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁take ▁it ▁more ▁" to ▁heart " ▁and ▁show ▁an ▁active ▁interest ▁in ▁this ▁area . ▁ ▁History ▁Core ▁them es ▁in ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁have ▁been ▁present , ▁in ▁varied ▁cult ures , ▁for ▁centuries . ▁But ▁active ▁discussion , ▁with ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁this ▁name , ▁is ▁relatively ▁recent . ▁ ▁Z eno ▁( c . ▁ 3 3 4 ▁– ▁c . ▁ 2 6 2 ▁B CE , ▁a ▁founder ▁of ▁Sto ic ism ) ▁said : ▁ ▁View s ▁consistent ▁with ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁in ▁ancient ▁D ao ist ▁texts ▁( e . g ., ▁D ao ▁De ▁J ing ) ▁and ▁some ▁H indu ▁views ▁( such ▁as ▁God ▁as ▁ ▁N ir g una ▁Bra h man , ▁God ▁without ▁attributes ). ▁They ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁seen ▁in ▁Western ▁images ▁that ▁do ▁not ▁focus ▁on ▁active , ▁personal ▁aspects ▁of ▁God , ▁such ▁as ▁Thomas ▁Aqu inas ' ▁view ▁of ▁God ▁as ▁P |
ure ▁Act , ▁August ine ' s ▁God ▁as ▁Being ▁It self , ▁and ▁Paul ▁Till ich ' s ▁view ▁of ▁God ▁as ▁Gr ound ▁of ▁Being . ▁As ▁Wes ley ▁Wild man ▁has ▁described , ▁views ▁consistent ▁with ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁have ▁long ▁existed ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁unders ide ▁of ▁major ▁religious ▁trad itions , ▁often ▁quietly ▁and ▁sometimes ▁in ▁myst ical ▁str ands ▁or ▁intellectual ▁sub - trad itions , ▁by ▁pract ition ers ▁who ▁are ▁not ▁drawn ▁to ▁super natural ▁claims . ▁ ▁The ▁earliest ▁uses ▁of ▁the ▁term , ▁religious ▁natural ism , ▁seem ▁to ▁have ▁occurred ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 0 0 s . ▁In ▁ 1 8 4 6 , ▁the ▁American ▁Wh ig ▁Review ▁described ▁" a ▁seem ing ▁' rel ig ious ▁natural ism ' ", ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 9 , ▁American ▁Un itar ian ▁Association ▁literature ▁adj ud ged :" Rel ig ious ▁natural ism ▁diff ers ▁from ▁this ▁mainly ▁in ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁it ▁extends ▁the ▁domain ▁of ▁nature ▁farther ▁out ward ▁into ▁space ▁and ▁time . ▁... It ▁never ▁trans c ends ▁nature ". ▁Ludwig ▁Feuer bach ▁wrote ▁that ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁was ▁" the ▁acknowled gment ▁of ▁the ▁Div ine ▁in ▁Nature " ▁and ▁also ▁" an ▁element ▁of ▁the ▁Christian ▁religion ", ▁but ▁by ▁no ▁means ▁that ▁religion ' s ▁definit ive ▁" character istic " ▁or ▁" t endency ". ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 4 , ▁Pope ▁P ius IX ▁condem ned |
▁religious ▁natural ism ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁seven ▁articles ▁of ▁the ▁Sy ll ab us ▁of ▁Error s . ▁ ▁Mor de ca i ▁Kap lan ▁( 1 8 8 1 – 1 9 8 3 ), ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁great ▁rabb is ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th century ▁and ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁Jewish ▁Re const ruction ist ▁movement , ▁was ▁an ▁early ▁advoc ate ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism . ▁He ▁believed ▁that ▁a ▁natural istic ▁approach ▁to ▁religion ▁and ▁eth ics ▁was ▁possible ▁in ▁a ▁des ac ral izing ▁world . ▁He ▁saw ▁God ▁as ▁the ▁sum ▁of ▁all - natural ▁processes . ▁ ▁Other ▁verified ▁us ages ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁came ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁from ▁George ▁Per r igo ▁Cong er ▁and ▁from ▁Ed gar ▁S . ▁Bright man . ▁Short ly ▁there after , ▁H . ▁H . ▁Dub s ▁wrote ▁an ▁article ▁entitled ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ism ▁– ▁an ▁E valu ation ▁, ▁which ▁begins ▁" Rel ig ious ▁natural ism ▁is ▁today ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁out standing ▁American ▁philosoph ies ▁of ▁religion ..." ▁and ▁discuss es ▁ideas ▁developed ▁by ▁Henry ▁Nelson ▁W iem an ▁in ▁books ▁that ▁pre date ▁Dub s ' s ▁article ▁by ▁ 2 0 ▁years . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Jer ome ▁A . ▁Stone ▁wrote ▁The ▁Min imal ist ▁V ision ▁of ▁Trans c end ence ▁explicitly ▁" to ▁sketch ▁a ▁philosophy ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism ". ▁Use ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁was ▁expanded ▁in ▁the |
▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁by ▁Lo yal ▁R ue , ▁who ▁was ▁familiar ▁with ▁it ▁from ▁Bright man ' s ▁book . ▁R ue ▁used ▁the ▁term ▁in ▁convers ations ▁with ▁several ▁people ▁before ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁and ▁subsequent ▁convers ations ▁between ▁R ue ▁and ▁Urs ula ▁Good en ough ▁[ both ▁of ▁whom ▁were ▁active ▁in ▁the ▁Institute ▁on ▁Religion ▁in ▁an ▁Age ▁of ▁Science ▁( IR AS ) ▁led ▁to ▁Good en ough ' s ▁use ▁in ▁her ▁book ▁The ▁Sac red ▁Dep th s ▁of ▁Nature ▁and ▁by ▁R ue ▁in ▁Religion ▁is ▁Not ▁About ▁God ▁and ▁other ▁writ ings . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁numerous ▁authors ▁have ▁used ▁the ▁phrase ▁or ▁expressed ▁similar ▁thinking . ▁Ex amples ▁include ▁Ch et ▁Ray mo , ▁Stuart ▁K auff man ▁and ▁Karl ▁E . ▁Peters . ▁ ▁Mike ▁Ign at owski ▁states ▁that ▁" there ▁were ▁many ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁and ▁some ▁even ▁before ▁that " ▁but ▁that ▁" rel ig ious ▁natural ism ▁as ▁a ▁movement ▁didn ' t ▁come ▁into ▁its ▁own ▁until ▁about ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁[ and ] ▁took ▁a ▁major ▁le ap ▁forward ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁when ▁Urs ula ▁Good en ough ▁published ▁The ▁Sac red ▁Dep th s ▁of ▁Nature , ▁which ▁is ▁considered ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁found ing ▁texts ▁of ▁this ▁movement ." ▁ ▁Bi ologist ▁Urs ula ▁Good en ough ▁states |
: ▁ ▁Donald ▁C ros by ' s ▁Living ▁with ▁Am big u ity ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁has , ▁as ▁its ▁first ▁chapter , ▁" Rel ig ion ▁of ▁Nature ▁as ▁a ▁Form ▁of ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ism ". ▁ ▁Lo yal ▁R ue ' s ▁Nature ▁is ▁En ough ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁discuss es ▁" Rel ig ion ▁Natural ized , ▁Nature ▁San ct ified " ▁and ▁" The ▁Promise ▁of ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ism ". ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ism ▁Today : ▁The ▁Reb irth ▁of ▁a ▁F org ot ten ▁Altern ative ▁is ▁a ▁history ▁by ▁Dr . ▁Jer ome ▁A . ▁Stone ▁( Dec . ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁release ) ▁that ▁presents ▁this ▁parad ig m ▁as ▁a ▁once - f org ot ten ▁option ▁in ▁religious ▁thinking ▁that ▁is ▁making ▁a ▁rapid ▁rev ival . ▁It ▁see ks ▁to ▁explore ▁and ▁encou rage ▁religious ▁ways ▁of ▁respond ing ▁to ▁the ▁world ▁on ▁a ▁completely ▁natural istic ▁basis ▁without ▁a ▁supre me ▁being ▁or ▁ground ▁of ▁being . ▁This ▁book ▁traces ▁this ▁history ▁and ▁analy zes ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁issues ▁div iding ▁religious ▁natural ists . ▁It ▁covers ▁the ▁birth ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism , ▁from ▁George ▁Sant ay ana ▁to ▁Henry ▁Nelson ▁W iem an ▁and ▁briefly ▁expl ores ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁in ▁literature ▁and ▁art . ▁Cont ested ▁issues ▁are ▁discussed ▁including ▁whether ▁nature ' s ▁power ▁or ▁good ness ▁is ▁the ▁focus ▁of ▁attention |
▁and ▁also ▁on ▁the ▁appropri aten ess ▁of ▁using ▁the ▁term ▁" G od ". ▁The ▁contributions ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁twenty ▁living ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁are ▁presented . ▁The ▁last ▁chapter ▁ends ▁the ▁study ▁by ▁expl oring ▁what ▁it ▁is ▁like ▁on ▁the ▁inside ▁to ▁live ▁as ▁a ▁religious ▁natural ist . ▁ ▁Ch et ▁Ray mo ▁writes ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁come ▁to ▁the ▁same ▁conclusion ▁as ▁Teil hard ▁de ▁Ch ardin : ▁" G race ▁is ▁everywhere ", ▁and ▁that ▁natural istic ▁emer gence ▁is ▁in ▁everything ▁and ▁far ▁more ▁mag ical ▁than ▁religion - based ▁m ira cles . ▁A ▁future ▁hum ank ind ▁religion ▁should ▁be ▁ec umen ical , ▁e colog ical , ▁and ▁em brace ▁the ▁story ▁provided ▁by ▁science ▁as ▁the ▁" most ▁reliable ▁cosm ology ". ▁ ▁As ▁P . ▁Roger ▁G illet te ▁summar izes : ▁ ▁Ten ets ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁high ▁importance ▁placed ▁on ▁nature , ▁some ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁have ▁a ▁strong ▁sense ▁of ▁ste ward ship ▁for ▁the ▁Earth . ▁Luther ▁College ▁professor ▁Lo yal ▁R ue ▁has ▁written : ▁Relig ious ▁natural ists ▁will ▁be ▁known ▁for ▁their ▁rever ence ▁and ▁a we ▁before ▁Nature , ▁their ▁love ▁for ▁Nature ▁and ▁natural ▁forms , ▁their ▁sympathy ▁for ▁all ▁living ▁things , ▁their ▁gu ilt ▁for ▁en larg ing ▁the ▁e colog ical ▁foot print s , ▁their ▁pride ▁in ▁reducing ▁them , ▁their ▁sense ▁of ▁grat itude ▁directed ▁towards ▁the ▁matrix ▁of ▁life , ▁their ▁cont empt ▁for ▁those ▁who |
▁abstract ▁themselves ▁from ▁natural ▁values , ▁and ▁their ▁solid ar ity ▁with ▁those ▁who ▁link ▁their ▁self - este em ▁to ▁sust ain able ▁living . ▁ ▁Vari eties ▁The ▁literature ▁related ▁to ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁includes ▁many ▁variations ▁in ▁concept ual ▁fr aming . ▁This ▁reflect s ▁individual ▁takes ▁on ▁various ▁issues , ▁to ▁some ▁extent ▁various ▁schools ▁of ▁thought , ▁such ▁as ▁basic ▁natural ism , ▁religious ▁human ism , ▁p ant he ism , ▁pan ent he ism , ▁and ▁spiritual ▁natural ism ▁that ▁have ▁had ▁time ▁on ▁the ▁concept ual ▁stage , ▁and ▁to ▁some ▁extent ▁differ ing ▁ways ▁of ▁character izing ▁Nature . ▁ ▁The ▁current ▁discussion ▁often ▁rel ates ▁to ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁whether ▁belief ▁in ▁a ▁God ▁or ▁God - language ▁and ▁associated ▁concepts ▁have ▁any ▁place ▁in ▁a ▁framework ▁that ▁tre ats ▁the ▁physical ▁universe ▁as ▁its ▁essential ▁frame ▁of ▁reference ▁and ▁the ▁methods ▁of ▁science ▁as ▁providing ▁the ▁pre em inent ▁means ▁for ▁determ ining ▁what ▁Nature ▁is . ▁There ▁are ▁at ▁least ▁three ▁vari eties ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism , ▁and ▁three ▁similar ▁but ▁somewhat ▁different ▁ways ▁to ▁categor ize ▁them . ▁They ▁are : ▁ ▁An ▁approach ▁to ▁natural ism ▁using ▁the ological ▁language ▁but ▁fund ament ally ▁tre ats ▁God ▁met ap hor ically . ▁An ▁approach ▁to ▁natural ism ▁using ▁the ological ▁language , ▁but ▁as ▁either ▁( 1 ) ▁a ▁faith ▁statement ▁or ▁supported ▁by ▁philosoph ical ▁arguments , ▁or ▁( 2 ) ▁both , ▁usually ▁leaving ▁open ▁the |
▁question ▁whether ▁that ▁usage ▁as ▁met ap hor ▁or ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁ult imate ▁answer ▁that ▁Nature ▁can ▁be . ▁Ne o - the istic ▁( process ▁the ology , ▁progress ive ▁relig ions ) – ▁Gordon ▁Kauf man , ▁Karl ▁E . ▁Peters , ▁Ralph ▁Wend ell ▁Bur ho e , ▁Edmund ▁Robinson ▁Non - the istic ▁( agnostic , ▁natural istic ▁concepts ▁of ▁god ) – ▁Robert son ▁himself , ▁Stanley ▁Klein , ▁Stuart ▁K auff man , ▁Natural istic ▁P agan ism . ▁A the istic ▁( no ▁God ▁concept , ▁some ▁modern ▁natural ism , ▁Process ▁Natural ism , ▁C . ▁Robert ▁Mes le , ▁non - mil it ant ▁at he ism , ▁ant it he ism ) – ▁Jer ome ▁A . ▁Stone , ▁Michael ▁Cav an augh , ▁Donald ▁A . ▁C ros by , ▁Urs ula ▁Good en ough , ▁Daniel ▁Den nett ▁A ▁mis cell any ▁of ▁individual ▁pers pect ives – ▁Philip ▁He f ner ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁category ▁has ▁as ▁many ▁sub - groups ▁as ▁there ▁are ▁distinct ▁definitions ▁for ▁god . ▁Bel ie vers ▁in ▁a ▁super natural ▁entity ▁( trans c endent ) ▁are ▁by ▁definition ▁not ▁religious ▁natural ists , ▁however ▁the ▁matter ▁of ▁a ▁natural istic ▁concept ▁of ▁God ▁( Im man ence ) ▁is ▁currently ▁deb ated . ▁Str ong ▁at he ists ▁are ▁not ▁considered ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁in ▁this ▁different iation . ▁Some ▁individuals ▁call ▁themselves ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁but ▁refuse |
▁to ▁be ▁categor ized . ▁The ▁unique ▁theories ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁Lo yal ▁R ue , ▁Donald ▁A . ▁C ros by , ▁Jer ome ▁A . ▁Stone , ▁and ▁Urs ula ▁Good en ough ▁are ▁discussed ▁by ▁Michael ▁Hog ue ▁in ▁his ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁book ▁The ▁Promise ▁of ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ism . ▁ ▁God ▁concepts ▁ ▁Those ▁who ▁conce ive ▁of ▁God ▁as ▁the ▁cre ative ▁process ▁within ▁the ▁universe — example , ▁Henry ▁Nelson ▁W iem an ▁ ▁Those ▁who ▁think ▁of ▁God ▁as ▁the ▁tot ality ▁of ▁the ▁universe ▁considered ▁religious ly — B ern ard ▁Lo omer . ▁ ▁A ▁third ▁type ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁sees ▁no ▁need ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁concept ▁or ▁termin ology ▁of ▁God — St one ▁himself ▁and ▁Urs ula ▁Good en ough ▁ ▁Stone ▁emphas izes ▁that ▁some ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁do ▁not ▁reject ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁God , ▁but ▁if ▁they ▁use ▁the ▁concept , ▁it ▁involves ▁a ▁radical ▁alter ation ▁of ▁the ▁idea ▁such ▁as ▁Gordon ▁Kauf man ▁who ▁defines ▁God ▁as ▁cre ativity . ▁ ▁Ign at owski ▁div ides ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁into ▁only ▁two ▁types — the istic ▁and ▁non - the istic . ▁ ▁Shared ▁principles ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁several ▁principles ▁shared ▁by ▁the ▁a for ement ioned ▁vari eties ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism : ▁All ▁vari eties ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁see ▁humans ▁as ▁an ▁inter connected , ▁emer gent ▁part ▁of ▁nature . ▁Accept ▁the ▁prim acy ▁of ▁science ▁in |
▁regard ▁to ▁what ▁is ▁meas urable ▁via ▁the ▁scientific ▁method . ▁Rec ogn ize ▁science ' s ▁limitations ▁in ▁account ing ▁for ▁jud g ments ▁of ▁value ▁and ▁in ▁providing ▁a ▁full ▁account ▁of ▁human ▁experience . ▁ ▁Thus ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁em bra ces ▁nature ' s ▁cre ativity , ▁beauty , ▁and ▁mystery ▁and ▁hon ors ▁many ▁aspects ▁of ▁the ▁art istic , ▁cultural ▁and ▁religious ▁trad itions ▁that ▁respond ▁to ▁and ▁attempt ▁to ▁interpret ▁Nature ▁in ▁subject ive ▁ways . ▁Appro ach ▁matters ▁of ▁mor ality , ▁eth ics , ▁and ▁value ▁with ▁a ▁focus ▁on ▁how ▁the ▁world ▁works , ▁with ▁a ▁deep ▁concern ▁for ▁fair ness ▁and ▁the ▁w elf are ▁of ▁all ▁humans ▁regardless ▁of ▁their ▁station ▁in ▁life . ▁Se ek ▁to ▁integrate ▁these ▁interpret ative , ▁spiritual ▁and ▁eth ical ▁responses ▁in ▁a ▁manner ▁that ▁respect s ▁diverse ▁religious ▁and ▁philosoph ical ▁pers pect ives , ▁while ▁still ▁subject ing ▁them ▁and ▁itself ▁to ▁rig orous ▁scr ut iny . ▁The ▁focus ▁on ▁scientific ▁standards ▁of ▁evidence ▁im b ues ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁with ▁the ▁hum ility ▁inher ent ▁in ▁scientific ▁inqu iry ▁and ▁its ▁limited , ▁al beit ▁ever - deep ening , ▁ability ▁to ▁describe ▁reality ▁( see ▁Ep ist em ology ). ▁A ▁strong ▁environmental ▁eth ic ▁for ▁the ▁w elf are ▁of ▁the ▁planet ▁Earth ▁and ▁human ity . ▁Bel ief ▁in ▁the ▁sacred ness ▁of ▁life ▁and ▁the ▁evolution ary ▁process ▁ ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁emer gence ▁has ▁grown ▁in |
▁popular ity ▁with ▁many ▁religious ▁natural ists . ▁It ▁helps ▁explain ▁how ▁a ▁complex ▁Un iverse ▁and ▁life ▁by ▁self - organ ization ▁have ▁ris en ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁multip licity ▁of ▁relatively ▁simple ▁elements ▁and ▁their ▁interactions . ▁The ▁entire ▁story ▁of ▁emer gence ▁is ▁related ▁in ▁the ▁Ep ic ▁of ▁E volution — the ▁myth ic ▁scientific ▁narr ative ▁used ▁to ▁tell ▁the ▁ver ifiable ▁chron icle ▁of ▁the ▁evolution ary ▁process ▁that ▁is ▁the ▁Un iverse . ▁Most ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁consider ▁the ▁Ep ic ▁of ▁E volution ▁a ▁true ▁story ▁about ▁the ▁historic ▁achiev ement ▁of ▁Nature . ▁" The ▁Ep ic ▁of ▁E volution ▁is ▁the ▁ 1 4 ▁billion ▁year ▁narr ative ▁of ▁cos mic , ▁planet ary , ▁life , ▁and ▁cultural ▁evolution — t old ▁in ▁sacred ▁ways . ▁Not ▁only ▁does ▁it ▁bridge ▁main stream ▁science ▁and ▁a ▁divers ity ▁of ▁religious ▁trad itions ; ▁if ▁skill fully ▁told , ▁it ▁makes ▁the ▁science ▁story ▁memor able ▁and ▁deeply ▁meaning ful , ▁while ▁en rich ing ▁one ' s ▁religious ▁faith ▁or ▁sec ular ▁out look ." ▁ ▁Many ▁natural istic ▁writers ▁have ▁used ▁this ▁theme ▁as ▁a ▁topic ▁for ▁their ▁books ▁using ▁such ▁syn onym s ▁as : ▁Cos mic ▁E volution , ▁Every body ' s ▁Story , ▁E volution ary ▁Ep ic , ▁E volution ary ▁Un iverse , ▁Great ▁Story , ▁New ▁Story , ▁Universal ▁Story . ▁Con nie ▁Bar low ▁writes : ▁" E pic ▁of ▁evolution ' ▁is |
▁a ▁term ▁that , ▁within ▁the ▁past ▁three ▁years ( 1 9 9 8 ), ▁has ▁become ▁the ▁theme ▁and ▁title ▁of ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁gather ings . ▁It ▁seems ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁first ▁used ▁by ▁Harvard ▁bi ologist ▁Edward ▁O . ▁Wilson ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁' The ▁evolution ary ▁ep ic ', ▁Wilson ▁wrote ▁in ▁his ▁book ▁On ▁Human ▁Nature , ▁is ▁probably ▁the ▁best ▁myth ▁we ▁will ▁ever ▁have . ▁M yth ▁as ▁false hood ▁was ▁not ▁the ▁usage ▁intended ▁by ▁Wilson ▁in ▁this ▁statement . ▁R ather , ▁myth ▁as ▁a ▁grand ▁narr ative ▁that ▁provides ▁people ▁with ▁a ▁pla cement ▁in ▁time — a ▁meaning ful ▁pla cement ▁that ▁celebr ates ▁extraordinary ▁moments ▁of ▁a ▁shared ▁her itage . ▁The ▁ep ic ▁of ▁evolution ▁is ▁science ▁translated ▁into ▁a ▁meaning ful ▁story ." ▁ ▁E volution ary ▁evangel ist ▁minister ▁Michael ▁Dow d ▁uses ▁the ▁term ▁to ▁help ▁present ▁his ▁position ▁that ▁science ▁and ▁religious ▁faith ▁are ▁not ▁mut ually ▁exclusive ▁( a ▁prem ise ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism ). ▁He ▁pre aches ▁that ▁the ▁ep ic ▁of ▁cos mic , ▁bi ological , ▁and ▁human ▁evolution , ▁revealed ▁by ▁science , ▁is ▁a ▁basis ▁for ▁an ▁insp iring ▁and ▁meaning ful ▁view ▁of ▁our ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁universe . ▁E volution ▁is ▁viewed ▁as ▁a ▁spiritual ▁process ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁meaning less ▁blind ▁chance . ▁He ▁is ▁joined ▁by ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁other ▁the olog ians ▁in ▁this ▁position . ▁ ▁Notable ▁pro |
ponents ▁and ▁critics ▁ ▁Pro ponents ▁Pro ponents ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁are ▁seen ▁from ▁two ▁pers pect ives . ▁The ▁first ▁includes ▁contemporary ▁individuals ▁who ▁have ▁discussed ▁and ▁supported ▁religious ▁natural ism , ▁per ▁se . ▁The ▁other ▁includes ▁historic ▁individuals ▁who ▁may ▁not ▁have ▁used ▁or ▁been ▁familiar ▁with ▁the ▁term , ▁" rel ig ious ▁natural ism ", ▁but ▁who ▁had ▁views ▁that ▁are ▁relevant ▁to ▁and ▁whose ▁thoughts ▁have ▁contributed ▁to ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ism . ▁ ▁Ind ividual s ▁who ▁have ▁open ly ▁discussed ▁and ▁supported ▁religious ▁natural ism , ▁include : ▁Ch et ▁Ray mo ▁Lo yal ▁R ue ▁Donald ▁A . ▁C ros by ▁Jer ome ▁A . ▁Stone ▁Michael ▁Dow d ▁Urs ula ▁Good en ough ▁Terr ence ▁De acon ▁Loren ▁E ise ley ▁Philip ▁He f ner ▁Ralph ▁Wend ell ▁Bur ho e ▁Mor de ca i ▁Kap lan ▁Henry ▁Nelson ▁W iem an ▁George ▁Sant ay ana ▁Gordon ▁D . ▁Kauf man ▁Stuart ▁K auff man ▁Stanley ▁A . ▁Klein ▁C . ▁Robert ▁Mes le ▁Karl ▁E . ▁Peters ▁Var ad ar aja ▁V . ▁Ram an ▁Ian ▁Bar bour ▁Robert ▁S . ▁Cor r ington ▁Wes ley ▁Wild man ▁ ▁Ind ividual s ▁who ▁were ▁prec urs ors ▁to ▁religious ▁natural ism , ▁or ▁who ▁otherwise ▁influenced ▁its ▁development , ▁include : ▁La o - T zu ▁Albert ▁Ein stein ▁W . E . B . ▁Du ▁Bo is ▁Ald o ▁Leopold ▁ ▁Crit ics ▁Relig ious ▁natural ism ▁has |
▁been ▁critic ized ▁from ▁two ▁pers pect ives . ▁One ▁is ▁that ▁of ▁traditional ▁Western ▁religion , ▁which ▁disag rees ▁with ▁natural ist ▁dis bel ief ▁in ▁a ▁personal ▁God . ▁Another ▁is ▁that ▁of ▁natural ists ▁who ▁do ▁not ▁agree ▁that ▁a ▁religious ▁sense ▁can ▁or ▁should ▁be ▁associated ▁with ▁natural ist ▁views . ▁Crit ics ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁group ▁include ▁supp or ters ▁of ▁traditional ▁Jewish , ▁Christian , ▁and ▁Islam ic ▁relig ions . ▁Crit ics ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁group ▁include : ▁Richard ▁Daw kins ▁John ▁H aught ▁ ▁Prom inent ▁communities ▁and ▁leaders ▁Relig ious ▁natural ists ▁sometimes ▁use ▁the ▁social ▁practices ▁of ▁traditional ▁relig ions , ▁including ▁commun al ▁gather ings ▁and ▁rit uals , ▁to ▁fost er ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁community , ▁and ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁rein for cement ▁of ▁its ▁participants ' ▁efforts ▁to ▁expand ▁the ▁scope ▁of ▁their ▁understand ings . ▁Some ▁other ▁groups ▁mainly ▁communicate ▁online . ▁Some ▁known ▁examples ▁of ▁religious ▁natural ists ▁group ings ▁and ▁con greg ation ▁leaders ▁are : ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ist ▁Association ▁ ▁Spirit ual ▁Natural ist ▁Society ▁Un itar ian ▁Universal ist ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ists ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ism ▁Facebook ▁Group ▁World ▁P ant he ist ▁Mov ement – ▁largely ▁web - based ▁but ▁with ▁some ▁local ▁groups . ▁Universal ▁P ant he ist ▁Society ▁ ▁founded ▁ 1 9 7 5 – ▁P ant he ism ▁is ▁an ▁intercept ing ▁concept ▁with ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁Cong reg ation ▁Beth ▁Or , ▁a |
▁Jewish ▁con greg ation ▁near ▁Chicago ▁led ▁by ▁Rab bi ▁David ▁O ler ▁Cong reg ation ▁of ▁Beth ▁Adam ▁in ▁Lov eland ▁Ohio ▁led ▁by ▁Rab bi ▁Robert ▁Bar r ▁Past or ▁Ian ▁Law ton , ▁minister ▁at ▁the ▁Christ ▁Community ▁Church ▁in ▁Spring ▁Lake , ▁West ▁Michigan ▁and ▁Center ▁for ▁Progress ive ▁Christian ity ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ism ▁is ▁the ▁focus ▁of ▁classes ▁and ▁con ferences ▁at ▁some ▁colleg es ▁and ▁the ology ▁schools . ▁Articles ▁about ▁religious ▁natural ism ▁have ▁appeared ▁frequently ▁in ▁journ als , ▁including ▁Z ygon , ▁American ▁Journal ▁of ▁The ology ▁and ▁Philosoph y , ▁and ▁the ▁International ▁Journal ▁for ▁Philosoph y ▁and ▁Religion . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Anim ism ▁ ▁Cre ation ▁Spirit ual ity ▁ ▁Cre ativity ▁( rel ig ion ) ▁ ▁D ao ism ▁ ▁Ep ic ▁of ▁evolution ▁ ▁Ep ic ure an ism ▁ ▁F it ra ▁ ▁Liberal ▁natural ism ▁ ▁Liberal ▁religion ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁new ▁religious ▁movements ▁ ▁Natural istic ▁p ant he ism ▁ ▁Philosoph ical ▁the ism ▁ ▁Post sec ular ism ▁ ▁Process ▁the ology ▁ ▁Sec ular ▁pag an ism ▁ ▁Spirit ual ▁natural ism ▁ ▁World ▁P ant he ist ▁Mov ement ▁ ▁Z ygon : ▁Journal ▁of ▁Religion ▁& ▁Science ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ 2 0 1 5 – ▁Donald ▁A . ▁C ros by – ▁More ▁Th an ▁Disc ourse : ▁Symbol ic ▁Express ions ▁of ▁Natural istic ▁Fa ith , ▁State ▁University ▁of ▁New |
▁York ▁Press , ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 – ▁Nathan ▁Mart ine z – ▁R ise ▁Like ▁L ions : ▁Language ▁and ▁The ▁False ▁God s ▁of ▁Civil ization , ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 8 – ▁Donald ▁A . ▁C ros by – ▁The ▁Th ou ▁of ▁Nature : ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ism ▁and ▁Re ver ence ▁for ▁Sent ient ▁Life , ▁State ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁Press , ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 – ▁Lo yal ▁R ue – ▁Nature ▁Is ▁En ough , ▁State ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁Press , ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 – ▁Michael ▁Hog ue – ▁The ▁Promise ▁of ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ism , ▁ ▁Row man ▁& ▁Little field ▁Publish ers , ▁Inc ., ▁Sept . 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 – ▁Michael ▁R use ▁& ▁Joseph ▁Tra vis ▁ – ▁E volution : ▁The ▁First ▁Four ▁Bill ion ▁Years , ▁ ▁Bel kn ap ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 – ▁Donald ▁A . ▁C ros by – ▁Living ▁with ▁Am big u ity : ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ism ▁and ▁the ▁Men ace ▁of ▁Ev il , ▁State ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁Press , ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 – ▁Michael ▁Dow d – ▁Thank ▁God ▁for ▁E volution : , ▁Vik ing ▁( J une ▁ 2 0 0 8 ), ▁▁ 2 0 0 |
8 – ▁Ch et ▁Ray mo – ▁When ▁God ▁Is ▁G one , ▁Everything ▁Is ▁Holy : ▁The ▁M aking ▁of ▁a ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ist , ▁Sor in ▁Books , ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 – ▁Kenneth ▁R . ▁Miller – ▁Only ▁a ▁Theory : ▁E volution ▁and ▁the ▁Battle ▁for ▁America ' s ▁Soul , ▁Vik ing ▁Ad ult , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 – ▁Eugen ie ▁C . ▁Scott – ▁E volution ▁vs . ▁Cre ation ism : ▁An ▁Introduction , ▁Green wood ▁Press , ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 – ▁Eric ▁Cha isson – ▁Ep ic ▁of ▁E volution , ▁Columbia ▁University ▁Press ▁( M arch ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ), ▁▁ 2 0 0 6 – ▁John ▁H aught – ▁Is ▁Nature ▁En ough ?, ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Press ▁( May ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ), ▁▁ 2 0 0 6 – ▁Lo yal ▁R ue – ▁Religion ▁Is ▁Not ▁About ▁God , ▁R ut gers ▁University ▁Press , ▁July ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁▁ 2 0 0 4 – ▁Gordon ▁Kauf man – ▁In ▁the ▁Begin ning ... ▁Cre ativity , ▁A ugs burg ▁Fort ress ▁Pub ., ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁▁ 2 0 0 3 – ▁James ▁B . ▁Miller – ▁The ▁Ep ic ▁of ▁E |
volution : ▁Science ▁and ▁Religion ▁in ▁Dialog ue , ▁Pear son / Pr ent ice ▁Hall , ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁ – ▁Donald ▁A . ▁C ros by – ▁A ▁Religion ▁of ▁Nature – ▁State ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁Press , ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 – ▁Urs ula ▁Good en ough – ▁Sac red ▁Dep th s ▁of ▁Nature , ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press , ▁USA ; ▁ 1 ▁edition ▁( J une ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 0 ), ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 – ▁John ▁Stewart – ▁E volution ' s ▁Ar row : ▁The ▁D irection ▁of ▁E volution ▁and ▁the ▁Future ▁of ▁Human ity , ▁Chap man ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁▁ 1 9 9 7 – ▁Con nie ▁Bar low – ▁Green ▁Space ▁Green ▁Time : ▁The ▁Way ▁of ▁Science , ▁Springer ▁( Se ptember ▁ 1 9 9 7 ), ▁▁ 1 9 9 2 – ▁Brian ▁Sw im me – ▁The ▁Un iverse ▁Story : ▁From ▁the ▁Prim ord ial ▁Fl aring ▁For th ▁to ▁the ▁E co zo ic ▁Era , ▁Har per Coll ins , ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁▁ ▁Reading ▁lists – ▁ ▁E volution ▁Reading ▁Resources , ▁▁ ▁Books ▁of ▁the ▁Ep ic ▁of ▁E volution , ▁Cos mic ▁E volution ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ist ▁Association ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁Natural |
ism ▁ ▁Relig ious ▁Natural ism ▁Resources ▁Boston ▁University ▁ ▁The ▁Great ▁Story ▁leading ▁religious ▁natural ist ▁educational ▁website ▁ ▁Natural ism . org ▁ ▁The ▁New ▁Cos m ology ▁ ▁Sac red R iver . org ▁ ▁The ▁Spirit ual ▁Natural ist ▁Society <0x0A> </s> ▁Vic ero y ▁is ▁a ▁ham let ▁in ▁Excel ▁R ural ▁Municip ality ▁No . ▁ 7 1 , ▁S ask atch ew an , ▁Canada . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 5 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Census . ▁The ▁ham let ▁previously ▁held ▁the ▁status ▁of ▁a ▁village ▁until ▁May ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁Vic ero y ▁is ▁located ▁ 7 km ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁historic ▁Red ▁Co at ▁Tra il ▁on ▁Highway ▁ 6 2 4 ▁north ▁of ▁Will ow ▁B unch ▁Lake ▁adjacent ▁to ▁Big ▁M ud dy ▁Valley . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Vic ero y ▁was ▁incorpor ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 2 . ▁At ▁its ▁peak ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁it ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 2 5 0 . ▁Prior ▁to ▁May ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁Vic ero y ▁was ▁incorpor ated ▁as ▁a ▁village , ▁and ▁was ▁rest ruct ured ▁as ▁a ▁ham let ▁under ▁the ▁juris diction ▁of ▁the ▁R ural ▁municipality ▁of ▁Excel ▁on ▁that ▁date . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁Services ▁ ▁Once ▁a ▁b ust ling ▁community ▁with ▁two ▁schools , ▁two ▁restaur ants |
, ▁Kle men z ▁Pool room ▁and ▁bow ling ▁al ley , ▁a ▁theatre ▁and ▁many ▁other ▁business es . ▁After ▁two ▁fires ▁in ▁the ▁past ▁century ▁the ▁community ▁has ▁shr unk ▁to ▁a ▁much ▁smaller ▁scale . ▁Vic ero y ▁still ▁bo asts ▁the ▁Vic ero y ▁Co - op ▁which ▁in ▁a ▁sense ▁is ▁the ▁local ▁" general ▁store " ▁offering ▁gro c ery ▁st ap les , ▁tools , ▁feed , ▁hardware , ▁parts , ▁auto ▁repair ▁and ▁pet role um ▁sales . ▁ ▁The ▁R M ▁of ▁Excel ▁No . ▁ 7 1 , ▁office ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁main ▁street ▁with ▁the ▁equipment ▁yard / shop ▁to ▁the ▁south . ▁Beng ough ▁Cred it ▁Union ▁also ▁oper ates ▁a ▁branch ▁in ▁Vic ero y . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁communities ▁in ▁S ask atch ew an ▁ ▁Ham lets ▁of ▁S ask atch ew an ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Excel ▁No . ▁ 7 1 , ▁S ask atch ew an ▁Category : Form er ▁villages ▁in ▁S ask atch ew an ▁Category : H am lets ▁in ▁S ask atch ew an ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Category : 1 9 1 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁S ask atch ew an ▁Category : Div ision ▁No . ▁ 3 , ▁S ask atch ew an <0x0A> </s> ▁Antonio ▁Luis ▁Med ina ▁Com as |
▁( born ▁c . ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁lic ensed ▁industrial ▁engineer , ▁a ▁business ▁executive , ▁and ▁the ▁current ▁president ▁and ▁founder ▁of ▁Con ver gent ▁Str ateg ies , ▁an ▁advis ory ▁firm ▁that ▁helps ▁companies ▁acceler ate ▁their ▁growth . ▁Med ina ▁has ▁a ▁b ach elor ' s ▁and ▁a ▁master ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁industrial ▁engineering ▁from ▁ ▁R ens sel a er ▁Poly techn ic ▁Institute , ▁and ▁an ▁M BA ▁in ▁fin ance ▁from ▁the ▁Wh art on ▁School ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Executive ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Indust rial ▁Development ▁Company , ▁PR ID CO , ▁between ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Before ▁joining ▁PR ID CO , ▁Med ina ▁spent ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁at ▁Mer ck ▁Sh arp ▁& ▁D oh me ▁( MS D ) ▁where ▁he ▁rose ▁from ▁being ▁a ▁industrial ▁engineer ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁chief ▁financial ▁officer ▁( C FO ) ▁of ▁Mer ck ' s ▁operations ▁in ▁Brazil . ▁He ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁senior ▁fin ance ▁director ▁for ▁Mer ck ' s ▁manufact uring ▁division ▁in ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁and ▁as ▁regional ▁fin ance ▁director ▁for ▁Mer ck ' s ▁operations ▁in ▁Central ▁America ▁and ▁the ▁Car ib bean . ▁ ▁Med ina ▁was ▁also ▁instrument al ▁in ▁establish ing ▁the ▁first ▁M RO ▁business ▁unit ▁of ▁L uf th ans a ▁in ▁the ▁western ▁hem is phere , ▁the |
▁United ▁States , ▁and ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁while ▁heading ▁PR ID CO . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁conver gent ▁strateg ies ▁ ▁Category : Ch ief ▁financial ▁officers ▁Category : Wh art on ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁al umn i ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 s ▁birth s ▁Category : O fficial s ▁of ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁engine ers ▁Category : R ens sel a er ▁Poly techn ic ▁Institute ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁Life ▁is ▁a ▁BBC ▁television ▁drama ▁that ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁World ▁Produ ctions ▁and ▁screen ed ▁on ▁BBC ▁Two . ▁Two ▁series ▁were ▁broadcast ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁with ▁a ▁later ▁re union ▁special ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁It ▁cent res ▁on ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁ ▁tw ent ys omething ▁law ▁gradu ates ▁emb ark ing ▁upon ▁their ▁care ers ▁while ▁sharing ▁a ▁house ▁in ▁south ▁London . ▁Un us ually ▁for ▁a ▁show ▁about ▁law y ers , ▁there ▁are ▁no ▁court room ▁scenes ▁in ▁either ▁the ▁first ▁or ▁second ▁series , ▁and ▁only ▁one ▁brief ▁scene ▁in ▁the ▁TV ▁sequ el . ▁ ▁Broadcast ▁during ▁the ▁height ▁of ▁" C ool ▁Britann ia ", ▁the ▁series ▁is ▁set ▁in ▁London ▁and ▁is ▁notable ▁for ▁its ▁Brit pop ▁sound track ▁and ▁for ▁its ▁dep iction ▁of ▁cas ual ▁sex ▁and ▁drug |
- t aking . ▁It ▁became ▁a ▁popular ▁word - of - mouth ▁hit ▁and ▁was ▁included ▁on ▁B FI ' s ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 ▁greatest ▁British ▁television ▁program mes ▁of ▁all ▁time . ▁ ▁Production ▁The ▁series ▁was ▁created ▁by ▁Amy ▁Jenkins ▁who ▁was ▁also ▁its ▁principal ▁writer . ▁Other ▁writers ▁contributed ▁scripts , ▁including ▁Joe ▁A he ar ne ▁( who ▁also ▁directed ▁some ▁episodes — the ▁only ▁person ▁to ▁do ▁both ▁on ▁the ▁series ), ▁Ian ▁I q bal ▁R ash id , ▁Am elia ▁Bull more ▁and ▁Matthew ▁Graham . ▁Tony ▁Gar nett ▁was ▁the ▁executive ▁producer ▁and ▁Jane ▁Fall on ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁producer ▁on ▁both ▁series . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁first ▁series ▁was ▁screen ed ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁mod est ▁critical ▁success . ▁Nevertheless , ▁the ▁original ▁production ▁agreement ▁secured ▁a ▁second ▁series . ▁In ▁the ▁lead - up ▁to ▁the ▁broadcast ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁series , ▁the ▁entire ▁first ▁series ▁was ▁repeated , ▁helping ▁to ▁generate ▁a ▁critical ▁bu zz ▁around ▁the ▁programme , ▁to ▁the ▁point ▁that ▁millions ▁of ▁view ers ▁were ▁waiting ▁to ▁discover ▁the ▁ult imate ▁resolution s ▁to ▁the ▁various ▁plot - lines ▁and ▁generating ▁front - page ▁newspaper ▁coverage . ▁ ▁Broadcast s ▁The ▁original ▁run ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁series ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁was ▁neither ▁a ▁critical ▁nor ▁a ▁ratings ▁success . ▁It ▁was ▁only ▁its ▁repeat ▁run , ▁from ▁ 2 ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁that ▁really ▁began ▁to ▁attract |
▁serious ▁vie wer ▁attention . ▁This ▁ran ▁smooth ly ▁into ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁series , ▁from ▁Monday ▁ 1 7 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁restored ▁to ▁its ▁peak - time ▁slot , ▁by ▁which ▁time ▁it ▁was ▁attract ing ▁pra ise ▁as ▁a ▁cult ▁hit . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁second ▁series ▁ended , ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁attract ing ▁strong ▁audience ▁figures ▁of ▁around ▁four ▁million , ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁national ▁talking ▁point , ▁making ▁head lines ▁in ▁both ▁tab lo id ▁and ▁broad sheet ▁newsp apers . ▁▁ ▁Both ▁of ▁the ▁series ▁were ▁then ▁repeated ▁late - night ▁from ▁ 1 2 ▁June ▁to ▁ 2 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁( each ▁episode ▁was ▁shown ▁twice ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁run ). ▁Another ▁screen ing ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁series ▁was ▁shown ▁on ▁Sunday ▁even ings ▁between ▁ 3 0 ▁March ▁and ▁ 1 3 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁As ▁a ▁run ▁in ▁to ▁the ▁re union ▁the ▁BBC ▁repeated ▁every ▁episode , ▁two ▁each ▁night ▁Monday ▁to ▁Th urs day , ▁starting ▁ 6 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁on ▁BBC ▁Two . ▁▁ ▁From ▁ 3 ▁February ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁series ▁one ▁of ▁This ▁Life ▁was ▁repeated ▁on ▁BBC 4 , ▁carrying ▁a ▁dedic ation ▁to ▁its ▁executive ▁producer ▁Tony ▁Gar nett ▁who ▁had ▁died ▁aged ▁ 8 3 ▁during ▁the ▁previous ▁month . ▁ ▁Loc ations ▁ ▁The ▁opening ▁scenes ▁show ▁the ▁house ▁as ▁being ▁on |
▁Benjamin ▁Street , ▁which ▁is ▁in ▁EC 1 ▁in ▁C ler ken well . ▁However , ▁the ▁building ▁is ▁actually ▁An chor ▁Terra ce , ▁a ▁ter rac ed ▁house ▁on ▁South w ark ▁Bridge ▁Road . ▁As ▁the ▁characters ▁are ▁often ▁seen ▁comm uting ▁from ▁South ▁London ▁it ▁is ▁unclear ▁why ▁the ▁Benjamin ▁Street ▁sign ▁was ▁fil med . ▁The ▁house ▁has ▁since ▁been ▁converted ▁into ▁lux ury ▁fl ats . ▁ ▁The ▁law ▁firm ' s ▁offices ▁were ▁fil med ▁on ▁High ▁Hol born ▁near ▁the ▁j unction ▁with ▁Ch anc ery ▁Lane . ▁The ▁waiting ▁room ▁in ▁which ▁E gg ' s ▁first ▁interview ▁takes ▁place ▁is ▁in ▁Nor wich ▁Street ▁at ▁the ▁City ▁law ▁firm ▁Mac far lan es . ▁The ▁location ▁for ▁external ▁sh ots ▁of ▁Moore ▁Sp encer ▁Wright ▁is ▁at ▁the ▁bottom ▁end ▁of ▁Bor ough ▁High ▁Street , ▁now ▁the ▁F TC ▁Kap lan ▁offices . ▁ ▁The ▁bar r ister s ’ ▁ch amb ers ▁external ▁sh ots ▁were ▁fil med ▁outside ▁Ver ul am ▁Build ings ▁on ▁Gray ' s ▁Inn ▁Road , ▁part ▁of ▁Gray ' s ▁Inn ; ▁the ▁interior ▁scenes ▁were ▁fil med ▁in ▁the ▁An chor ▁Terra ce ▁house ▁( see ▁above ). ▁ ▁The ▁ca fe ▁that ▁E gg ▁works ▁in , ▁and ▁later ▁runs , ▁is ▁on ▁Victoria ▁Road ▁in ▁North ▁Act on ▁next ▁to ▁the ▁T ube ▁station . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁ca fe ▁where ▁the ▁characters ▁are ▁often ▁seen ▁having ▁l unch ▁was ▁just ▁further ▁down |
▁South w ark ▁Bridge ▁Road ▁from ▁the ▁An chor ▁Terra ce ▁house ▁( on ▁the ▁same ▁side ). ▁It ▁was ▁called ▁the ▁Island ▁Ca fe . ▁ ▁The ▁job ▁centre ▁E gg ▁vis its ▁is ▁on ▁Bor ough ▁High ▁Street , ▁South w ark , ▁London . ▁ ▁Mil es ' s ▁country ▁house ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁re union ▁( Wh ith urst ▁Park ▁in ▁Sus sex ) ▁is ▁the ▁same ▁location ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁series ▁of ▁ ▁Lewis , ▁" To ▁Wh om ▁the ▁God s ▁Would ▁Dest roy ". ▁ ▁Epis odes ▁ ▁Series ▁one ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁This ▁Life ▁is ▁based ▁around ▁life ▁in ▁a ▁London ▁law ▁firm ▁and ▁bar r ister s ' ▁ch amb ers ▁of ▁tra ine e ▁solic itors ▁and ▁pup il ▁bar r ister s , ▁but ▁is ▁essentially ▁a ▁character - dri ven ▁drama . ▁ ▁E gg ▁and ▁Mil ly ▁have ▁been ▁d ating ▁since ▁they ▁were ▁at ▁university , ▁but ▁their ▁career ▁choices ▁create ▁t ension ▁between ▁them . ▁Cons cient ious ▁Mil ly ▁is ▁am bit ious , ▁sp ending ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁time ▁working ▁with ▁her ▁older ▁b oss ▁Mr ▁O ' D onn ell . ▁E gg ▁suff ers ▁a ▁crisis ▁of ▁diss atisf action ▁with ▁a ▁career ▁in ▁law , ▁and ▁soon ▁res ign s ▁from ▁the ▁firm . ▁ ▁Anna ▁and ▁Mil es ▁had ▁a ▁brief ▁fl ing ▁at ▁university , ▁and ▁Anna ▁is ▁fix |
ated ▁on ▁the ▁ind ifferent ▁Mil es . ▁Their ▁love – h ate ▁relationship ▁makes ▁their ▁work ▁and ▁home ▁life ▁frequently ▁t ense . ▁ ▁The ▁other ▁house - mate ▁Warren ▁is ▁a ▁gay ▁man . ▁He ▁sp ends ▁some ▁time ▁dealing ▁with ▁issues ▁around ▁his ▁sexual ity , ▁especially ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁" coming ▁out " ▁to ▁friends ▁and ▁family . ▁In ▁an ▁unusual ▁( at ▁the ▁time ) ▁plot ▁device ▁he ▁is ▁frequently ▁seen ▁discuss ing ▁his ▁feelings ▁with ▁a ▁ther ap ist ▁who ▁is ▁heard ▁and ▁only ▁rarely ▁seen ▁by ▁the ▁vie wer . ▁ ▁Mil es ▁appears ▁sometimes ▁to ▁dis like ▁Warren , ▁and ▁subjects ▁him ▁to ▁occas ional ▁hom oph ob ic ▁ab use ▁when ▁anger ed . ▁Mil es ' s ▁manip ulative ▁girl friend , ▁the ▁drug ▁add icted ▁and ▁bul im ic ▁Del il ah , ▁moves ▁in ▁with ▁him . ▁This ▁results ▁in ▁conflict ▁in ▁the ▁house . ▁When ▁Mil es , ▁who ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁pract ising ▁safe ▁sex ▁with ▁Del il ah , ▁disco vers ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁still ▁sleep ing ▁with ▁her ▁hero in ▁add ict ▁ex , ▁Tru el ove , ▁he ▁has ▁an ▁H IV ▁sc are . ▁Mil ly ▁cl ash es ▁with ▁E gg ▁over ▁his ▁perce ived ▁lack ▁of ▁amb ition , ▁and ▁becomes ▁attract ed ▁to ▁O ' D onn ell . ▁ ▁Series ▁two ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁second ▁series , ▁story lines ▁were ▁expanded ▁to ▁include ▁other ▁connected |
▁characters . ▁These ▁included ▁Ferd y ▁( R am on ▁T ik aram ) ▁- ▁Warren ' s ▁boy friend ▁briefly , ▁Rach el ▁( N at asha ▁Little ) ▁- ▁new ▁junior ▁tra ine e ▁at ▁Mil ly ' s ▁law ▁firm ▁and ▁Frances ca ▁- ▁Mil es ' s ▁girl friend / f ian c ée ▁- ▁whilst ▁previously ▁secondary - char acters ▁Jo ▁( Ste ve ▁John ▁She ph erd ) ▁and ▁Warren ' s ▁cousin , ▁K ira ▁( L uis a ▁Brad sh aw - White ) ▁feature ▁more ▁heavily ▁as ▁they ▁emb ark ed ▁upon ▁a ▁relationship . ▁Moore , ▁Sp encer , ▁Wright ▁Re ception ist ▁Kelly ▁( S ach a ▁Cra ise ) ▁also ▁became ▁much ▁more ▁prominent ▁and ▁a ▁close ▁al ly ▁of ▁K ira . ▁Ferd y ▁was ▁a ▁largely ▁impro vised , ▁complex ▁( and ▁sometimes ▁unw illing ) ▁bis ex ual ▁character ▁and ▁was ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁replacement ▁for ▁Warren ▁when ▁Jason ▁Hugh es ▁decided ▁to ▁leave ▁the ▁show ▁( he ▁did ▁return ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁scene ). ▁F inding ▁a ▁relationship ▁with ▁Anna ▁impossible , ▁Mil es ▁began ▁a ▁relationship ▁with ▁Frances ca , ▁a ▁woman ▁nearly ▁a ▁de cade ▁older ▁than ▁he ▁was . ▁Mil es ▁proposed ▁to ▁Frances ca , ▁but ▁still ▁har b oured ▁feelings ▁for ▁Anna . ▁ ▁Rach el ▁had ▁a ▁long - running ▁pass ive - ag gress ive ▁fe ud ▁with ▁Mil ly , ▁although ▁on ▁the ▁surface ▁the ▁pair ▁were ▁able ▁to |
▁work ▁together ▁without ▁mention ▁of ▁their ▁mut ual ▁dis like . ▁Mil ly ' s ▁dis like ▁of ▁Rach el ▁was ▁very ▁strong , ▁view ing ▁her ▁as ▁a ▁threat ▁to ▁her ▁relationship ▁with ▁O ' D onn ell , ▁and ▁dis lik ing ▁her ▁apparently ▁perfect ▁de mean our . ▁Mil ly ▁conf ided ▁in ▁Anna ▁that ▁she ▁found ▁Rach el ▁almost ▁suff oc ating ly ▁" nice ". ▁The ▁t ension ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁went ▁un resol ved ▁throughout ▁the ▁second ▁series , ▁cul min ating ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁scene , ▁in ▁the ▁episode ▁" Ap ocal yp se ▁W ow ! ". ▁At ▁Mil es ▁and ▁Frances ca ' s ▁wed ding ▁reception , ▁after ▁Mil ly ▁lear ns ▁that ▁Rach el ▁has ▁told ▁E gg ▁of ▁her ▁affair ▁with ▁O ' D onn ell , ▁Mil ly ▁p unch es ▁Rach el ▁in ▁the ▁face . ▁ ▁This ▁Life ▁+ ▁ 1 0 ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the ▁BBC ▁recon ven ed ▁the ▁original ▁cast ▁for ▁a ▁special ▁one - off ▁ 8 0 - min ute ▁special , ▁looking ▁at ▁what ▁had ▁happened ▁to ▁the ▁lead ▁characters ▁in ▁the ▁interven ing ▁ten ▁years . ▁The ▁episode ▁begins ▁with ▁the ▁original ▁five ▁hous em ates ▁re unit ing ▁for ▁Ferd y ' s ▁fun eral . ▁Mil ly ▁and ▁E gg ▁are ▁together , ▁though ▁not ▁married , ▁and ▁have ▁had ▁a ▁young ▁son ▁but ▁Mil es ▁is ▁divor ced |
▁from ▁Frances ca ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁new ▁Vietnam ese ▁wife , ▁Me ▁Lin h . ▁The ▁circumstances ▁of ▁both ▁Ferd y ' s ▁death ▁and ▁Mil es ' ▁divor ce ▁are ▁not ▁revealed . ▁ ▁This ▁new ▁episode ▁was ▁entitled ▁+ ▁ 1 0 ▁on screen , ▁and ▁kept ▁the ▁original ▁title ▁sequence ▁and ▁programme ▁title ▁This ▁Life . ▁It ▁was ▁screen ed ▁on ▁ 2 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁co - production ▁between ▁BBC ▁Wales ▁and ▁the ▁original ▁produ cers ▁World ▁Produ ctions . ▁This ▁Life ▁+ ▁ 1 0 ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Jenkins , ▁directed ▁by ▁A he ar ne ▁and ▁produced ▁by ▁Gar nett . ▁It ▁gained ▁ 3 . 5 ▁million ▁view ers , ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 4 % ▁audience ▁share . ▁ ▁Cast ▁▁ ▁Mil es ▁Stewart , ▁played ▁by ▁Jack ▁D aven port ▁ ▁Dj amil a ▁" M illy " ▁N ass im , ▁played ▁by ▁Am ita ▁D hi ri ▁ ▁Ed gar ▁" E gg " ▁Co oke , ▁played ▁by ▁Andrew ▁Lincoln ▁ ▁Anna ▁For bes , ▁played ▁by ▁Daniel a ▁N ard ini ▁ ▁Warren ▁Jones , ▁played ▁by ▁Jason ▁Hugh es ▁ ▁Ferdinand ▁" F erd y " ▁Gar cia , ▁played ▁by ▁Ram on ▁T ik aram ▁ ▁Michael ▁O ' D onn ell , ▁played ▁by ▁David ▁Mall inson ▁ ▁K ira , ▁played ▁by ▁Lu isa ▁Brad sh aw - White ▁ ▁Jo , ▁played ▁by ▁Steve ▁John ▁She ph erd |
▁ ▁Rach el , ▁played ▁by ▁Nat asha ▁Little ▁ ▁Nick i , ▁played ▁by ▁Jul iet ▁Cow an ▁ ▁Kelly , ▁played ▁by ▁Sach a ▁Cra ise ▁ ▁Graham , ▁played ▁by ▁Cy ril ▁N ri ▁ ▁Ho op erman , ▁played ▁by ▁Geoff rey ▁Bat eman ▁ ▁Ther ap ist , ▁played ▁by ▁Gill ian ▁McC ut che on ▁▁ ▁Len ny , ▁played ▁by ▁Tony ▁Cur ran ▁ ▁Jerry ▁Co oke , ▁played ▁by ▁Paul ▁C ople y ▁ ▁D ale ▁Jones , ▁played ▁by ▁Mark ▁Lewis ▁Jones ▁ ▁Frances ca , ▁played ▁by ▁Rach el ▁Field ing ▁ ▁Mont gom ery , ▁played ▁by ▁Michael ▁El w yn ▁ ▁Sarah ▁New ly , ▁played ▁by ▁Cla re ▁Cl iff ord ▁ ▁Del il ah , ▁played ▁by ▁Charlotte ▁B ick nell ▁ ▁Tru el ove , ▁played ▁by ▁Keith - Le e ▁Castle ▁ ▁Paul , ▁played ▁by ▁Paul ▁J ▁Med ford ▁▁ ▁The ▁Office ▁and ▁Sher lock ▁star ▁Martin ▁Fre eman ▁appears ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁series . ▁▁ ▁Ralph ▁In es on , ▁also ▁from ▁The ▁Office ▁featured ▁in ▁an ▁early ▁episode ▁as ▁a ▁client ▁of ▁Mil ly , ▁as ▁the ▁character ▁Jess op . ▁▁ ▁East End ers ▁actor ▁N it in ▁Gan atra , ▁appeared ▁in ▁an ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁series ▁playing ▁a ▁pros pective ▁hous em ate . ▁ ▁Martin ▁Han cock , ▁who ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁star ▁in ▁Hol by ▁City ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁series . ▁ ▁Cla |
re ▁Cl iff ord , ▁played ▁les bian ▁lawyer ▁Sarah ▁New ly ▁who ▁propos itions ▁Anna ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁series . ▁ ▁Stuart ▁Organ , ▁best ▁known ▁as ▁Mr ▁Rob son ▁in ▁G range ▁Hill ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁series . ▁ ▁Music ▁A ▁then ▁largely ▁unknown ▁R icky ▁Ger va is , ▁partner ▁of ▁producer ▁Jane ▁Fall on , ▁was ▁cred ited ▁as ▁" Music ▁Ad visor " ▁for ▁the ▁series , ▁and ▁commission ed ▁the ▁theme ▁t une ▁written ▁by ▁The ▁Way ▁Out . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁BBC ▁Music ▁issued ▁a ▁compilation ▁CD ▁featuring ▁the ▁theme ▁t une ▁and ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁by ▁bands ▁including : ▁Bl ur , ▁The ▁Char lat ans , ▁The ▁Light ning ▁Se eds , ▁P ulp , ▁Jam iro qu ai , ▁Man ic ▁Street ▁Pre ach ers , ▁Su ede , ▁O asis , ▁The ▁Div ine ▁Com edy , ▁Everything ▁but ▁the ▁Girl , ▁New ▁Order , ▁Sk unk ▁An ans ie , ▁The ▁Cl ash , ▁Happy ▁Mond ays , ▁The ▁Pro dig y ▁and ▁Super gr ass . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁The ▁second ▁series ▁ended ▁with ▁a ▁close - up ▁of ▁an ▁advert ▁for ▁the ▁house , ▁and ▁the ▁original ▁intention ▁was ▁to ▁re - cast ▁with ▁new ▁characters . ▁The ▁controvers ial ▁stage ▁writer ▁Mark ▁R aven hill ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁draft ing ▁story lines ▁and ▁early ▁scripts ▁for ▁a ▁third ▁series , ▁but ▁the ▁plans ▁were ▁ab orted , ▁and |
▁the ▁decision ▁was ▁taken ▁to ▁end ▁the ▁programme ▁" on ▁a ▁high ". ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁Adam ▁Bu xt on ▁and ▁Joe ▁Corn ish ▁par od ied ▁This ▁Life ▁in ▁their ▁sketch ▁show ▁The ▁Adam ▁and ▁Joe ▁Show ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁N BC ▁Television ▁broadcast ▁a ▁lo os ely ▁adapted ▁US ▁re make ▁titled ▁First ▁Years . ▁It ▁attract ed ▁sc ath ing ▁reviews ▁and ▁low ▁ratings . ▁ ▁The ▁young ▁production ▁team ▁behind ▁This ▁Life ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁further ▁success : ▁Jane ▁Fall on ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁become ▁Executive ▁Produ cer ▁on ▁the ▁Channel ▁ 4 ▁series ▁Te ach ers ▁which ▁also ▁star red ▁Andrew ▁Lincoln . ▁Joe ▁A he ar ne ▁later ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁write ▁and ▁direct ▁the ▁cult ▁Channel ▁ 4 ▁series ▁Ult rav io let ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁which ▁also ▁star red ▁Jack ▁D aven port . ▁He ▁also ▁directed ▁episodes ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁series ▁of ▁the ▁rev ived ▁Doctor ▁Who ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁Matthew ▁Graham ▁co - created ▁the ▁BBC ▁One ▁series ▁Life ▁on ▁Mars ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁and ▁has ▁written ▁episodes ▁of ▁H ust le , ▁Spo oks ▁and ▁an ▁episode ▁of ▁Doctor ▁Who ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁Ian ▁I q bal ▁R ash id ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁write ▁and ▁direct ▁the ▁feature ▁films ▁Touch ▁of ▁P ink ▁( S ony ▁Picture ▁Class ics , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) |
▁and ▁How ▁She ▁Move ▁( Param ount ▁V antage , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁This ▁Life ▁at ▁World ▁Produ ctions ▁This ▁Life ▁at ▁the ▁British ▁Film ▁Institute ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 1 9 9 7 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁British ▁legal ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁British ▁L GB T - related ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁British ▁work place ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁L GB T - related ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : B BC ▁television ▁dram as ▁Category : B is ex ual ity - related ▁television ▁series ▁Category : B rit ish ▁legal ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : B rit ish ▁L GB T - related ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : B rit ish ▁work place ▁television ▁series ▁Category : C as ual ▁sex ▁in ▁television ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : E pisode ▁list ▁using ▁the ▁default ▁Line Color ▁Category : G ay - related ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : T ele vision ▁shows ▁set ▁in ▁London <0x0A> </s> ▁Tru ▁V u ▁Entertainment ▁is ▁an ▁entertain ment ▁company ▁that ▁streams ▁live ▁programs ▁via ▁their ▁website ▁ 2 4 / 7 . ▁All ▁of ▁the ▁programming ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁is ▁audience ▁interactive . ▁As ▁each ▁show ▁is ▁hosted ▁by ▁a ▁person ▁called ▁a ▁Cy ber ▁J ockey ▁( |
C J ), ▁Internet ▁view ers ▁from ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁will ▁watch ▁the ▁C Js ▁and ▁communicate ▁instant ane ously ▁with ▁them ▁via ▁typed ▁comments ▁flash ed ▁on ▁a ▁monitor ▁in ▁a ▁studio . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁IM 2 K ▁Tru ▁V u ▁Entertainment ▁initially ▁began ▁business ▁in ▁Nash ville , ▁Tennessee ▁during ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁as ▁IM 2 K ▁( Internet ▁Music ▁ 2 0 0 0 ). ▁It ▁was ▁then ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁company ▁that ▁combined ▁television , ▁radio , ▁and ▁the ▁Internet ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁medium ▁that ▁takes ▁the ▁music ▁industry ▁into ▁the ▁new ▁mill en ni um . ▁The ▁IM 2 K ▁website ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁beta ▁test , ▁and ▁ran ▁live ▁for ▁three ▁weeks ▁t ally ing ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁vis its ▁ ▁amongst ▁view ers ▁before ▁the ▁website ▁was ▁taken ▁down ▁and ▁the ▁studio ▁was ▁de construct ed . ▁ ▁R AV E 2 0 0 0 ▁The ▁company ▁re located ▁to ▁Hudson , ▁Florida ▁and ▁returned ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁as ▁R AV E 2 0 0 0 ▁( Radio ▁Audio ▁Visual ▁Entertainment ). ▁Starting ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 ▁C Js ▁ ▁R AV E 2 0 0 0 ▁deb uted , ▁as ▁a ▁live ▁music ▁channel ▁that ▁played ▁all ▁gen res . ▁After ▁one ▁year , ▁around ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁as ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁D ot - com ▁b ubble , ▁the ▁website ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁put |
▁to ▁an ▁end . ▁ ▁Tru ▁V u ▁Entertainment ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁the ▁company ▁re located ▁to ▁Mc Ke es port , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁Now ▁named ▁Tru ▁V u ▁Entertainment , ▁the ▁company ▁opened ▁its ▁doors ▁at ▁the ▁former ▁Im mel ' s ▁department ▁store . ▁Tru ▁V u ▁Entertainment ▁is ▁using ▁the ▁former ▁cl othing ▁store ▁to ▁build ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁stud ios . ▁Tru ▁V u ▁Entertainment ▁plans ▁to ▁launch ▁their ▁new ▁music ▁channel ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Pitts burgh ▁Post - G az ette ▁ ▁Tru ▁V u ▁Entertainment ▁ ▁Category : M ass ▁media ▁companies ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁ 6 4 1 ▁Ag nes , ▁prov is ional ▁design ation ▁, ▁is ▁a ▁st ony ▁Flor ian ▁astero id ▁and ▁slow ▁rot ator ▁from ▁the ▁inner ▁regions ▁of ▁the ▁astero id ▁bel t , ▁approximately ▁ 9 ▁kilom eters ▁in ▁diameter . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁discovered ▁on ▁ 8 ▁September ▁ 1 9 0 7 , ▁by ▁German ▁astronom er ▁Max ▁Wolf ▁at ▁Heidel berg ▁Observ atory ▁in ▁southern ▁Germany . ▁The ▁meaning ▁of ▁the ▁astero ids ' s ▁name ▁is ▁unknown . ▁ ▁Classification ▁and ▁orbit ▁▁ ▁Ag nes ▁is ▁a ▁st ony ▁S - type ▁astero id ▁and ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Flora ▁family , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁groups ▁of ▁st ony ▁astero ids ▁in ▁the ▁astero id ▁bel t . ▁It ▁or bits ▁the ▁Sun ▁in ▁the ▁inner |
▁main - b elt ▁at ▁a ▁distance ▁of ▁ 1 . 9 – 2 . 5 AU ▁once ▁every ▁ 3 ▁years ▁and ▁ 4 ▁months ▁( 1 , 2 0 8 ▁days ). ▁Its ▁orbit ▁has ▁an ▁ecc ent ric ity ▁of ▁ 0 . 1 3 ▁and ▁an ▁incl ination ▁of ▁ 2 ° ▁with ▁respect ▁to ▁the ▁e cli ptic . ▁The ▁body ' s ▁observation ▁arc ▁begins ▁with ▁a ▁recovered ▁observation ▁at ▁Vienna ▁Observ atory , ▁one ▁month ▁after ▁its ▁official ▁discovery ▁observation ▁at ▁Heidel berg . ▁ ▁Phys ical ▁characteristics ▁ ▁Rot ation ▁period ▁▁ ▁In ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁phot ometric ▁observations ▁by ▁Swedish ▁astronom er ▁Cla es - In g var ▁L ager kv ist ▁measured ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁ 8 . 9 ▁hours ▁for ▁Ag nes . ▁The ▁light cur ve , ▁however , ▁was ▁fragment ary ▁and ▁the ▁result ▁uncertain ▁( ). ▁ ▁In ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁first ▁reliable ▁rot ational ▁light cur ve ▁of ▁Ag nes ▁was ▁obtained ▁by ▁astronom ers ▁Frederick ▁Pil cher , ▁Lorenzo ▁Franco ▁and ▁Luis ▁Mart ine z ▁at ▁Organ ▁M esa ▁ ▁and ▁Bal z aret to ▁Observ atory ▁ ▁respectively . ▁Light cur ve ▁analysis ▁gave ▁a ▁well - defined ▁rotation ▁period ▁of ▁ 1 7 8 . 0 ▁hours ▁with ▁a ▁bright ness ▁variation ▁of ▁ 0 . 5 5 ▁magnitude ▁( ). ▁The ▁team ▁also ▁assumed ▁a ▁standard ▁al bed o ▁for ▁st ony ▁S - |
type ▁astero ids ▁of ▁ 0 . 2 0 , ▁calculated ▁an ▁absolute ▁magnitude ▁of ▁ 1 2 . 6 4 , ▁ ▁estimated ▁a ▁mean ▁diameter ▁of ▁ ▁kilom eters , ▁and ▁measured ▁a ▁V – R ▁color ▁index ▁of ▁ 0 . 5 0 . ▁ ▁With ▁such ▁a ▁long ▁rotation ▁period , ▁Ag nes ▁is ▁a ▁slow ▁rot ator , ▁of ▁which ▁a ▁few ▁hundred ▁minor ▁plan ets ▁are ▁currently ▁known . ▁ ▁Diam eter ▁and ▁al bed o ▁▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁surve ys ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁the ▁Japanese ▁Ak ari ▁satellite ▁and ▁NASA ' s ▁W ide - field ▁Inf ra red ▁Survey ▁Explorer ▁with ▁its ▁subsequent ▁NE OW I SE ▁mission , ▁Ag nes ▁measures ▁between ▁ 8 . 2 6 ▁and ▁ 9 . 7 4 ▁kilom eters ▁in ▁diameter , ▁and ▁its ▁surface ▁has ▁an ▁al bed o ▁between ▁ 0 . 2 1 ▁and ▁ 0 . 3 0 . ▁The ▁Coll abor ative ▁Ast ero id ▁Light cur ve ▁Link ▁adopt s ▁the ▁results ▁obtained ▁by ▁Pil cher , ▁and ▁calcul ates ▁a ▁diameter ▁of ▁ 8 . 8 1 ▁kilom eters . ▁ ▁N aming ▁▁ ▁Any ▁reference ▁of ▁this ▁minor ▁planet ' s ▁name ▁to ▁a ▁person ▁or ▁occurrence ▁is ▁unknown . ▁ ▁Un known ▁meaning ▁▁ ▁Among ▁the ▁many ▁thousands ▁of ▁named ▁minor ▁plan ets , ▁Ag nes ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁ 1 2 0 ▁astero ids , ▁for ▁which ▁no ▁official ▁naming ▁c itation ▁has ▁been ▁published . ▁All |
▁of ▁these ▁low - number ed ▁astero ids ▁have ▁numbers ▁between ▁ ▁and ▁ ▁and ▁were ▁discovered ▁between ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁pre domin antly ▁by ▁astronom ers ▁August e ▁Char lo is , ▁Johann ▁Pal isa , ▁Max ▁Wolf ▁and ▁Karl ▁Rein m uth ▁( also ▁see ▁category ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Occ ult ation ▁of ▁Star ▁H IP ▁ 1 0 3 0 3 2 ▁by ▁ 6 4 1 ▁Ag nes ▁ ▁Ast ero id ▁Light cur ve ▁Database ▁( LC DB ), ▁query ▁form ▁( info ) ▁ ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁Minor ▁Planet ▁Names , ▁Google ▁books ▁ ▁Ast ero ids ▁and ▁com ets ▁rotation ▁curves , ▁C d R ▁– ▁Observ atoire ▁de ▁Gen ève , ▁Ra oul ▁Be hr end ▁ ▁Disc overy ▁Circ um st ances : ▁Number ed ▁Minor ▁Plan ets ▁( 1 )- ( 5 0 0 0 ) ▁– ▁Minor ▁Planet ▁Center ▁▁▁▁▁▁ 0 0 0 6 4 1 ▁ 0 0 0 6 4 1 ▁Category : Dis cover ies ▁by ▁Max ▁Wolf ▁Category : Min or ▁plan ets ▁with ▁names ▁of ▁unknown ▁origin ▁Category : Named ▁minor ▁plan ets ▁ 0 0 0 6 4 1 ▁ 1 9 0 7 0 9 0 8 <0x0A> </s> ▁National ▁Ob server ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁National ▁Ob server ▁( Un ited ▁States ), ▁a ▁dis cont in ued ▁newspaper ▁which ▁ran ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁to ▁ |
Subsets and Splits