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▁highway . ▁P aving ▁had ▁taken ▁place ▁by ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Major ▁inter sections ▁Note : ▁The ▁route ' s ▁mile posts ▁are ▁assigned ▁from ▁north ▁to ▁south . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁References ▁▁ 7 7 4 ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁Es mer al da ▁County , ▁Nev ada <0x0A> </s> ▁Cec il ▁Wilson ▁( 9 ▁September ▁ 1 8 6 0 , ▁London ▁– ▁ 2 0 ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 1 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁county ▁cr ick eter ▁and ▁Ang lic an ▁bishop . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Can on bury ; ▁died ▁in ▁Per th , ▁Western ▁Australia . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁third ▁mission ary ▁Ang lic an ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Mel anes ia ▁from ▁ 1 8 9 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 1 , ▁and ▁subsequently , ▁the ▁second ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Bun bury ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁▁ ▁Edu c ated ▁at ▁Ton bridge ▁School , ▁Wilson ▁went ▁up ▁to ▁Jesus ▁College , ▁Cambridge , ▁gradu ating ▁in ▁Div inity ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁first - class ▁cr ick eter ▁who ▁played ▁for ▁Kent ▁from ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁to ▁ 1 8 9 0 ; ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁his ▁county ▁cap ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 . ▁In ▁one ▁match ▁he ▁scored ▁ 5 0 ▁in ▁each ▁inn ings ▁against ▁the ▁tour ing ▁Australian ▁Ele ven . ▁ ▁Wilson ▁served ▁par |
ishes ▁in ▁England ▁before ▁his ▁consec r ation . ▁He ▁launched ▁the ▁fifth ▁Southern ▁Cross ▁mission ▁ship ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 3 , ▁and ▁advoc ated ▁for ▁the ▁movement ▁of ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁Ang lic an ▁life ▁in ▁Mel anes ia ▁to ▁the ▁Sol omon ▁Islands ▁from ▁Nor folk ▁Island . ▁ ▁Un w illing , ▁however , ▁to ▁himself ▁move ▁to ▁the ▁Sol om ons , ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁re ctor ▁of ▁St ▁Andrew ' s ▁Church , ▁Walker ville ▁and ▁Arch de acon ▁of ▁Ad ela ide , ▁South ▁Australia , ▁which ▁posts ▁he ▁held ▁until ▁his ▁Bun bury ▁appointment ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁ ▁Wilson ▁is ▁listed ▁in ▁the ▁Calendar ▁of ▁Sain ts ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Mel anes ia . ▁ ▁Publications ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Historical ▁documents ▁by ▁Wilson ▁from ▁Project ▁Can ter bury ▁Mel anes ian ▁Mission ▁Occ as ional ▁P aper ▁announ cing ▁Wilson ' s ▁selection ▁as ▁Bishop , ▁ 1 8 9 4 . ▁The ▁W ake ▁of ▁the ▁Southern ▁Cross : ▁Work ▁and ▁Advent ures ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁Se as , ▁by ▁Cec il ▁Wilson ▁ 1 9 3 2 . ▁Kings ▁Cand l est icks ▁- ▁Family ▁Tre es ▁▁▁ ▁Category : B ish ops ▁of ▁Mel anes ia ▁Category : Ang lic an ▁b ish ops ▁of ▁Bun bury ▁Category : Ang lic an ▁sain ts ▁Category : 1 8 6 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 |
9 4 1 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁Ton bridge ▁School ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Jesus ▁College , ▁Cambridge ▁Category : I ▁Z ing ari ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : English ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : M ary le bone ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : K ent ▁cr ick eters <0x0A> </s> ▁ESP N c ric info ▁( former ly ▁known ▁as ▁C ric info ▁or ▁C ric Info ) ▁is ▁a ▁sports ▁news ▁website ▁exclus ively ▁for ▁the ▁game ▁of ▁cr icket . ▁The ▁site ▁features ▁news , ▁articles , ▁live ▁coverage ▁of ▁cr icket ▁matches ▁( including ▁live blogs ▁and ▁score cards ), ▁and ▁St ats G uru , ▁a ▁database ▁of ▁historical ▁matches ▁and ▁players ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁to ▁the ▁present . ▁, ▁S amb it ▁Bal ▁was ▁the ▁editor . ▁ ▁The ▁site , ▁originally ▁conce ived ▁in ▁a ▁pre - World ▁W ide ▁Web ▁form ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁by ▁Simon ▁King , ▁was ▁acquired ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁by ▁the ▁Wis den ▁Gr ou pp ub lish ers ▁of ▁several ▁notable ▁cr icket ▁mag az ines ▁and ▁the ▁Wis den ▁Cr ick eters ' ▁Al man ack . ▁As ▁part ▁of ▁an ▁event ual ▁break up ▁of ▁the ▁Wis den ▁Group , ▁it ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁ESP N , ▁joint ly ▁owned ▁by ▁The ▁W alt ▁Disney ▁Company ▁and ▁H ear st ▁Corporation , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . |
▁ ▁History ▁C ric Info ▁was ▁launched ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁by ▁Simon ▁King , ▁a ▁British ▁research er ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁and ▁Bad ri ▁S esh ad ri ▁with ▁help ▁from ▁students ▁and ▁research ers ▁at ▁univers ities ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁The ▁site ▁was ▁reli ant ▁on ▁contributions ▁from ▁fans ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁who ▁spent ▁hours ▁compiling ▁electronic ▁score cards ▁and ▁contrib uting ▁them ▁to ▁C ric Info ' s ▁compreh ensive ▁archive , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁key ing ▁in ▁live ▁scores ▁from ▁games ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁using ▁C ric Info ' s ▁scoring ▁software , ▁" d oug ie ". ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁C ric info ' s ▁estimated ▁worth ▁was ▁$ 1 5 0 ▁million ; ▁however ▁it ▁faced ▁difficulties ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁dot com ▁crash . ▁ ▁C ric info ' s ▁significant ▁growth ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁made ▁it ▁an ▁attract ive ▁site ▁for ▁invest ors ▁during ▁the ▁peak ▁of ▁the ▁dot com ▁bo om , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁it ▁received ▁$ 3 7 ▁million ▁worth ▁of ▁S aty am ▁Inf ow ay ▁Ltd . ▁shares ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁a ▁ 2 5 % ▁st ake ▁in ▁the ▁company ▁( a ▁valu ation ▁of ▁around ▁£ 1 0 0 ▁million ). ▁It ▁used ▁around ▁$ 2 2 m ▁worth ▁of ▁the ▁paper ▁to ▁pay ▁off ▁initial ▁invest ors ▁but ▁only ▁raised |
▁about ▁£ 6 ▁million ▁by ▁s elling ▁the ▁remaining ▁stock . ▁While ▁the ▁site ▁continued ▁to ▁attract ▁more ▁and ▁more ▁users ▁and ▁operated ▁on ▁a ▁very ▁low ▁cost ▁base , ▁its ▁income ▁was ▁not ▁enough ▁to ▁support ▁a ▁peak ▁staff ▁of ▁ 1 3 0 ▁in ▁nine ▁countries , ▁forcing ▁redund an cies . ▁ ▁By ▁late ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁the ▁company ▁was ▁making ▁a ▁month ly ▁operating ▁profit ▁and ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁very ▁few ▁independent ▁sports ▁sites ▁to ▁avoid ▁collapse ▁( such ▁as ▁Sports . com ▁and ▁Sport al ). ▁However , ▁the ▁business ▁was ▁still ▁serv icing ▁a ▁large ▁loan . ▁ ▁C ric info ▁was ▁eventually ▁acquired ▁by ▁Paul ▁Get ty ' s ▁Wis den ▁Group , ▁the ▁publish er ▁of ▁Wis den ▁Cr ick eters ' ▁Al man ack ▁and ▁The ▁Wis den ▁Cr ick eter , ▁and ▁renamed ▁Wis den ▁C ric info . ▁The ▁Wis den ▁brand ▁( and ▁its ▁own ▁wis den . com ▁site ) ▁were ▁eventually ▁ph ased ▁out ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁C ric info ▁for ▁Wis den ' s ▁online ▁operations . ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Wis den ▁re - launch ed ▁its ▁recently ▁dis cont in ued ▁Wis den ▁Asia ▁Cr icket ▁magazine ▁as ▁C ric info ▁Magazine , ▁a ▁magazine ▁dedicated ▁to ▁coverage ▁of ▁Indian ▁cr icket . ▁The ▁magazine ▁published ▁its ▁last ▁issue ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁re venue ▁was ▁reported ▁to |
▁be ▁£ 3 m . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁Wis den ▁Group ▁began ▁to ▁be ▁broken ▁up ▁and ▁sold ▁to ▁other ▁companies ; ▁B S ky B ▁acquired ▁The ▁Wis den ▁Cr ick eter , ▁while ▁Sony ▁Corporation ▁acquired ▁the ▁Haw k - E ye ▁ball ▁tracking ▁system . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁ESP N ▁Inc . ▁announced ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁acquired ▁C ric info ▁from ▁the ▁Wis den ▁Group . ▁The ▁ac quisition ▁was ▁intended ▁to ▁help ▁further ▁expand ▁C ric info ▁by ▁combining ▁the ▁site ▁with ▁ESP N ' s ▁other ▁web ▁properties , ▁including ▁ESP N . com ▁and ▁ESP N ▁S occ ern et . ▁Term s ▁of ▁the ▁ac quisition ▁were ▁not ▁dis closed . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁S amb it ▁Bal ▁is ▁the ▁Editor - in - Ch ief ▁of ▁ESP N c ric info . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ESP N c ric info . com ▁celebrated ▁its ▁ 2 0 ▁anni versary ▁of ▁found ing ▁with ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁online ▁features . ▁The ▁annual ▁ESP N c ric info ▁Awards ▁have ▁also ▁become ▁an ▁extremely ▁popular ▁event ▁in ▁the ▁cr icket ▁calendar . ▁ ▁Popular ity ▁ESP N c ric info ' s ▁popular ity ▁was ▁further ▁demonstrated ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁when ▁the ▁site ▁could ▁not ▁handle ▁the ▁heavy ▁traffic ▁experienced ▁after ▁Indian ▁cr ick eter ▁Sach in ▁T |
end ul kar ▁broke ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁highest ▁individual ▁male ▁score ▁in ▁a ▁One ▁Day ▁International ▁match ▁with ▁ 2 0 0 *. ▁ ▁Fe atures ▁ESP N c ric info ▁contains ▁various ▁news , ▁columns , ▁blog s , ▁videos ▁and ▁fant asy ▁sports ▁games . ▁Among ▁its ▁most ▁popular ▁feature ▁are ▁its ▁live blogs ▁of ▁cr icket ▁matches , ▁which ▁includes ▁a ▁be vy ▁of ▁score card ▁options , ▁allowing ▁readers ▁to ▁track ▁such ▁aspects ▁of ▁the ▁game ▁as ▁w agon ▁whe els ▁and ▁partners hip ▁break down s . ▁For ▁each ▁match , ▁the ▁live ▁scores ▁are ▁accompanied ▁by ▁a ▁bullet in , ▁which ▁details ▁the ▁turning ▁points ▁of ▁the ▁match ▁and ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁off - field ▁events . ▁The ▁site ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁offer ▁C ric info ▁ 3 D , ▁a ▁feature ▁which ▁util izes ▁a ▁match ' s ▁scoring ▁data ▁to ▁generate ▁a ▁ 3 D ▁animated ▁simulation ▁of ▁a ▁live ▁match . ▁ ▁Reg ular ▁columns ▁on ▁ESP N c ric info ▁include ▁" All ▁Today ' s ▁Y esterd ays ", ▁an ▁" On ▁this ▁day " ▁column ▁foc using ▁on ▁historical ▁cr icket ▁events , ▁and ▁" Qu ote ▁Un quote ", ▁which ▁features ▁notable ▁quotes ▁from ▁cr ick eters ▁and ▁cr icket ▁administr ators . ▁" A sk ▁Steven " ▁is ▁a ▁week ly ▁column , ▁published ▁on ▁T ues days , ▁in ▁which ▁Steven ▁Lyn ch ▁answers ▁users ' ▁questions ▁on ▁all ▁things ▁cr icket . ▁ ▁Among ▁its ▁most |
▁extensive ▁features ▁is ▁St ats G uru , ▁a ▁database ▁originally ▁created ▁by ▁Tra vis ▁Base vi , ▁containing ▁statistics ▁on ▁players , ▁officials , ▁teams , ▁information ▁about ▁cr icket ▁bo ards , ▁details ▁of ▁future ▁tournament s , ▁individual ▁teams , ▁and ▁records . ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ESP N c ric info ▁launched ▁C ric I Q , ▁an ▁ ▁online ▁test ▁to ▁challenge ▁every ▁fan ’ s ▁cr icket ▁knowledge . ▁ ▁The ▁Cr icket ▁Month ly ▁The ▁Cr icket ▁Month ly ▁claims ▁itself ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁world ’ s ▁first ▁digital - only ▁cr icket ▁magazine . ▁The ▁first ▁issue ▁was ▁dated ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁de cade ▁of ▁C ric info ▁by ▁Bad ri ▁S esh ad ri , ▁ 2 6 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁ ▁C ric Info ▁– ▁How ▁it ▁all ▁began ▁by ▁R oh an ▁Ch and ran , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁with ▁an ▁ins iders ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁who , ▁how ▁and ▁what ▁and ▁comments ▁by ▁other ▁pione ers . ▁( B log ▁at ▁Word Press . com ) ▁ ▁Category : Cr icket ▁websites ▁Category : ES PN ▁media ▁out lets ▁Category : G opher ▁( protocol ) ▁Category : S ports ▁media ▁in ▁India ▁Category : Internet ▁properties ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁mer gers ▁and ▁ac quis itions <0x0A> |
</s> ▁Sed ley ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁S urname ▁Sed ley ▁( s urname ) ▁ ▁Given ▁name ▁Sed ley ▁Al ley ▁( 1 9 5 5 – 2 0 0 6 ), ▁conv icted ▁of ▁ab duct ing , ▁rap ing , ▁and ▁murder ing ▁ 1 9 - year - old ▁Su z anne ▁Marie ▁Collins ▁Sed ley ▁And rus , ▁L VO ▁( 1 9 1 5 – 2 0 0 9 ), ▁long - ser ving ▁English ▁officer ▁of ▁arms ▁who ▁was ▁Be aum ont ▁Her ald ▁of ▁Ar ms ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Sed ley ▁Cooper ▁( born ▁ 1 9 1 1 ), ▁former ▁professional ▁footballer ▁Sed ley ▁C ud more , ▁B . A ., ▁M . A ., ▁( 1 8 7 8 – 1 9 4 5 ), ▁Canadian ▁econom ist , ▁academic , ▁civil ▁servant ▁and ▁Canada ' s ▁second ▁Domin ion ▁Stat istic ian ▁ ▁Places ▁Sed ley , ▁Indiana , ▁an ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁in ▁Por ter ▁County , ▁United ▁States ▁Sed ley , ▁S ask atch ew an , ▁village ▁in ▁S ask atch ew an , ▁south - east ▁of ▁Regin a , ▁S ask atch ew an , ▁Canada ▁Sed ley , ▁Virginia , ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁South am pton ▁County , ▁Virginia , ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Other ▁Sed ley ▁Baron ets ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁Kent , ▁was ▁created ▁in ▁the ▁Baron et age ▁of ▁England ▁on |
▁ 2 9 ▁June ▁ 1 6 1 1 ▁Sed ley ▁Place , ▁independent ▁design ▁ag ency ▁based ▁in ▁Cla ph am , ▁London ▁Sed ley ▁Taylor ▁Road , ▁road ▁in ▁west ▁Cambridge , ▁England <0x0A> </s> ▁H omm ell ▁is ▁a ▁French ▁Autom obile ▁manufact urer , ▁started ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁by ▁Michel ▁H omm ell , ▁a ▁former ▁racing ▁driver ▁and ▁the ▁owner ▁of ▁É ch app ement , ▁a ▁French ▁car ▁magazine . ▁The ▁company ▁is ▁based ▁in ▁L oh é ac , ▁near ▁R ennes , ▁Brit t any . ▁A ▁prototype ▁of ▁the ▁kind ▁of ▁sports ▁car ▁he ▁would ▁like ▁to ▁be ▁produced ▁was ▁shown ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Paris ▁Sal on , ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁well ▁received , ▁encourag ing ▁him ▁to ▁go ▁ahead ▁with ▁a ▁production ▁version . ▁This ▁was ▁shown ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁Gene va ▁Motor ▁Show . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 ▁seat ▁sports ▁cou pe ▁is ▁power ed ▁by ▁a ▁mid - mount ed ▁ 2 . 0 lt ▁Pe uge ot ▁engine ▁and ▁ 6 ▁speed ▁g ear box ▁in ▁a ▁tub ular ▁steel ▁ch ass is ▁with ▁all - round ▁independent ▁susp ension . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁the ▁Bar qu ette , ▁an ▁open - top ▁version ▁was ▁announced , ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁the ▁Berlin ette ▁R S , ▁as ▁the ▁original ▁model ▁was ▁now ▁called , ▁had ▁a ▁more ▁powerful ▁Cit ro ën ▁engine |
▁fitted . ▁ ▁The ▁brand ▁has ▁produced ▁three ▁models ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁G illes ▁Du pr é : ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁ ▁Berlin ette ▁É ch app ement ▁Engine : ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁cc ▁in - line ▁ 4 - cy l inder ▁DO HC ▁ 1 6 - val ve ▁ ▁Power : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 6 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁Tor que : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 3 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁We ight : ▁ ▁Top ▁Speed : ▁ ▁Bar qu ette ▁Engine : ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁cc ▁in - line ▁ 4 - cy l inder ▁DO HC ▁ 1 6 - val ve ▁ ▁Power : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 6 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁Tor que : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 5 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁We ight : ▁ ▁Top ▁Speed : ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Berlin ette ▁R S ▁coup é ▁Engine : ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁cc ▁in - line ▁ 4 - cy l inder ▁DO HC ▁ 1 6 - val ve ▁ ▁Power : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 6 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁Tor que : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 5 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁We ight : ▁ ▁Top ▁Speed : ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Berlin ette ▁R S 2 ▁Engine : ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁cc ▁in - line ▁ 4 - cy l inder ▁DO HC ▁ 1 6 - |
val ve ▁ ▁Power : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 6 7 5 0 ▁r pm ▁Tor que : ▁ ▁@ ▁ 5 5 0 0 ▁r pm ▁We ight : ▁ ▁Top ▁Speed : ▁▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁production ▁was ▁stopped ▁for ▁financial ▁reasons . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Chinese ▁invest ors ▁wanted ▁to ▁buy ▁the ▁plans ▁for ▁the ▁Berlin etta ▁H omm ell ▁to ▁be ▁produced ▁near ▁Shang hai ▁for ▁the ▁local ▁market , ▁but ▁no ▁agreement ▁was ▁reached . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Michel ▁H omm ell ' s ▁M ano ir ▁de ▁l ' Autom obile ▁ ▁Category : Car ▁manufact ur ers ▁of ▁France ▁Category : S ports ▁car ▁manufact ur ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁in ▁Ne um ark t ▁( E g na ) ▁on ▁the ▁River ▁Ad ige ▁is ▁a ▁wine ▁estate ▁in ▁the ▁“ B assa ▁A tes ina “ ▁wine - g row ing ▁region ▁in ▁Italy . ▁The ▁win ery ▁is ▁managed ▁by ▁Anton ▁von ▁Long o - L ieben stein , ▁who ▁represents ▁the ▁new ▁generation ▁of ▁the ▁family . ▁ ▁Location ▁and ▁head ▁office ▁of ▁the ▁estate ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁The ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁st ret ches ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁River ▁Ad ige ▁from ▁the ▁neighbourhood ▁of ▁Ne um ark t ▁known ▁as ▁Villa ▁across ▁Mont agna ▁and ▁into ▁Ne um ark t ▁town ▁centre . ▁Ne um ark t ▁ ▁mostly ▁lies ▁at ▁the ▁base ▁of ▁former ▁branches |
▁of ▁a ▁gla cier . ▁The ▁region ’ s ▁complex ▁soil ▁is ▁rich ▁in ▁por phy ry ▁and ▁lim estone . ▁Key ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁estate ▁are ▁the ▁Vill ner ▁Schl ö ssl ▁in ▁the ▁neighbourhood ▁of ▁Villa ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁Pal ais ▁Long o ▁in ▁Eg na . ▁Both ▁of ▁these ▁buildings ▁have ▁been ▁listed ▁since ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁Vill ner ▁Schl ö ssl ▁ ▁The ▁three - store y ▁château ▁Vill ner ▁Schl ö ssl ▁stands ▁out ▁in ▁its ▁prominent ▁position ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁a ▁cone - sh aped ▁v ine yard ▁in ▁the ▁Villa ▁neighbourhood ▁of ▁Ne um ark t . ▁A ▁v ine yard ▁surr ounds ▁the ▁building ▁in ▁concent ric ▁circles , ▁with ▁the ▁v ines ▁extending ▁to ▁the ▁foot ▁of ▁the ▁v ine yard ▁and ▁beyond . ▁The ▁Vill ner ▁Schl ö ssl ▁has ▁gained ▁in ▁international ▁recognition ▁in ▁recent ▁years ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁mot if ▁in ▁international ▁advert ising ▁campaign s ▁for ▁Al to ▁Ad ige . ▁ ▁Pal ais ▁Long o ▁ ▁The ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ’ s ▁wine ▁cell ar ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Long o . ▁Part s ▁of ▁the ▁historic ▁wine ▁cell ar ▁have ▁been ▁preserved ▁to ▁the ▁present ▁day , ▁although ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁it ▁was ▁red es igned ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁“ Pal ais ▁Long o ” ▁man or ▁house , ▁which ▁att ained ▁its ▁current ▁form ▁in ▁the |
▁first ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁is ▁located ▁just ▁outside ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁Ne um ark t ▁on ▁the ▁River ▁Ad ige . ▁The ▁listed ▁building ▁has ▁been ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁family ▁for ▁almost ▁ 2 5 0 ▁years ▁and ▁still ▁con ve ys ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁the ▁noble ▁l ifest yle ▁during ▁the ▁An ci en ▁Rég ime . ▁The ▁fa ç ade ▁of ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Long o ▁is ▁simple ▁and ▁regular ▁in ▁design . ▁T win ▁fl ights ▁of ▁steps ▁lead ▁to ▁a ▁bar o que ▁entrance ▁with ▁a ▁distinct ive ▁stone ▁frame ▁decor ated ▁with ▁two ▁cher ubs ▁and ▁a ▁female ▁b ust . ▁ ▁The ▁interior ▁bo asts ▁st u cco ▁decor ation , ▁painted ▁wall paper ▁and ▁ce iling ▁paint ings ▁dep ict ing ▁events ▁from ▁the ▁Old ▁Testament , ▁hunting ▁scenes ▁and ▁images ▁from ▁Greek ▁myth ology ▁including ▁the ▁ab du ction ▁of ▁Or ith y ia ▁by ▁B ore as . ▁There ▁are ▁also ▁high ▁relief ▁works ▁in ▁st u cco ▁by ▁Franz ▁Hann ib al ▁B itt ner ▁and ▁fres cos ▁by ▁Gia como ▁Antonio ▁Del ai . ▁In ▁the ▁man or ▁house ’ s ▁ball room , ▁there ▁are ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁eleven ▁ce iling ▁paint ings , ▁the ▁largest ▁of ▁which ▁dep ict s ▁the ▁G ig antom ach y . ▁The ▁whole ▁of ▁this ▁ball room ▁features ▁evidence ▁of ▁the ▁Roc oco ▁period ▁in ▁Bass a ▁A tes ina . ▁The ▁pal ais ▁also |
▁has ▁a ▁magnific ent ▁park ▁that ▁st ret ches ▁from ▁Pal ais ▁Long o ▁to ▁the ▁forest ▁on ▁the ▁out sk ir ts ▁of ▁Ne um ark t . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁estate ▁goes ▁back ▁to ▁Johannes ▁Domin ikus ▁Long o , ▁who ▁was ▁raised ▁to ▁the ▁ranks ▁of ▁the ▁nob ility ▁by ▁the ▁Ty role an ▁Arch du ke ▁Ferdinand ▁Charles ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 6 . ▁In ▁around ▁ 1 7 7 0 , ▁the ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁family ▁acquired ▁the ▁first ▁areas ▁of ▁land ▁that ▁are ▁now ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁current ▁wine ▁estate ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁Vill ner ▁Schl ö ssl ▁and ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Long o ▁in ▁Ne um ark t . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁the ▁estate ▁in ▁Ne um ark t ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁places ▁where ▁the ▁family ▁res ided ▁alongside ▁In ns b ruck ▁and ▁K lagen furt . ▁Felix ▁Frei herr ▁von ▁Long o - L ieben stein ▁( 1 8 0 3 - 1 8 8 1 ) ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁estate ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 9 . ▁The ▁lawyer ▁was ▁also ▁president ▁of ▁both ▁the ▁Car inth ian ▁regional ▁parliament ▁and ▁the ▁District ▁Court ▁of ▁K lagen furt . ▁ ▁His ▁son ▁Dr ▁Anton ▁Frei herr ▁von ▁Long o - L ieben stein ▁( 1 8 5 3 - 1 9 2 5 ), ▁a ▁fully |
▁qualified ▁doctor ▁from ▁K lagen furt , ▁moved ▁from ▁K lagen furt ▁to ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 0 s , ▁where ▁he ▁took ▁on ▁the ▁management ▁of ▁the ▁wine ▁estate . ▁As ▁well ▁as ▁his ▁agricult ural ▁work , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁municipal ▁coun c ill or ▁in ▁Ne um ark t ▁and ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Ty role an ▁regional ▁parliament . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁B ren nero ▁Railway ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁and ▁the ▁Val ▁P uster ia ▁railway ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 1 , ▁larger ▁quantities ▁of ▁wine ▁from ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁could ▁be ▁transport ed ▁greater ▁distances . ▁In ▁this ▁pione ering ▁period ▁of ▁the ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁wine ▁business , ▁during ▁which ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁wine ▁became ▁increasing ly ▁well ▁known ▁beyond ▁the ▁state ▁borders , ▁Anton ▁Frei herr ▁von ▁Long o - L ieben stein ▁started ▁to ▁sell ▁wine ▁in ▁bar rel s ▁and ▁bott les ▁from ▁the ▁streets ▁of ▁K lagen furt ▁in ▁around ▁ 1 8 8 0 . ▁O wing ▁to ▁increasing ▁sales , ▁he ▁finally ▁opened ▁a ▁wine ▁inn . ▁This ▁was ▁in ▁operation ▁from ▁around ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁and ▁went ▁by ▁the ▁name ▁“ L ongo ’ s ▁E igen bau ▁We inst ube ” ▁or ▁“ L ongo ’ s ▁T iro ler ▁E igen bau ▁We inst ube ”. ▁ ▁Single - vari etal ▁Baron |
▁Long o ▁w ines ▁from ▁Ne um ark t ▁were ▁the ▁main ▁w ines ▁on ▁offer . ▁The ▁Wel sch ries ling , ▁N egr ara ▁Tr ent ina , ▁Ter ol de go , ▁Ross ara ▁Tr ent ina , ▁Erd be ert ra ube ▁( st raw berry ▁gra pe ), ▁white ▁Sch ia va ▁and ▁Pin ot ▁No ir ▁vari eties ▁were ▁particularly ▁popular . ▁The ▁business ▁also ▁sold ▁g rap es ▁from ▁the ▁Long o ▁estate . ▁The ▁prem ises ▁of ▁“ L ongo ’ s ▁E igen bau ▁We inst ube ” ▁with ▁the ▁old ▁v ault ▁and ▁inner ▁cour ty ard ▁have ▁been ▁preserved ▁to ▁this ▁day . ▁The ▁historical ▁building ▁is ▁now ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁“ H of br äu ▁zum ▁Lind w urm ” ▁inn . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁▁ ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁fell ▁to ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Italy ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁the ▁Italian ▁King ▁Vitt orio ▁E man ue le ▁handed ▁over ▁the ▁government ▁to ▁the ▁Italian ▁fasc ists ▁under ▁Ben ito ▁M uss ol ini . ▁One ▁year ▁later , ▁Anton ▁Frei herr ▁von ▁Long o - L ieben stein ▁and ▁his ▁son ▁Felix ▁( 1 8 8 8 - 1 9 6 1 ) ▁had ▁to ▁leave ▁Eg na ▁for ▁K lagen furt ▁because ▁of ▁an ▁exp ulsion ▁dec ree . ▁Felix ▁von ▁Long o - L ieben stein ▁became ▁mayor [ 3 |
] ▁of ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁Kr ump endorf ▁am ▁W ör ther see ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 . ▁He ▁performed ▁his ▁duty ▁as ▁mayor ▁until ▁ 1 9 3 2 . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁only ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁that ▁the ▁family ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁move ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁in ▁Al to ▁Ad ige . ▁The ▁following ▁gener ations ▁supplied ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁gra pe ▁har vest ▁to ▁neighbour ing ▁wine - making ▁co oper atives . ▁The ▁traditional ▁single - vari etal ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁w ines ▁were ▁produced ▁exclus ively ▁for ▁their ▁own ▁consumption ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁up ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁estate ▁today ▁ ▁Anton ▁von ▁Long o - L ieben stein ▁acquired ▁the ▁estate ▁from ▁his ▁father ▁Felix ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁the ▁wine ▁cell ar ▁in ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Long o ▁was ▁red es igned ▁in ▁line ▁with ▁current ▁standards , ▁which ▁also ▁allowed ▁for ▁the ▁expansion ▁of ▁the ▁wine ▁production . ▁ ▁Today , ▁the ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁has ▁an ▁a cre age ▁of ▁over ▁ 1 5 ▁hect ares ▁and ▁only ▁uses ▁g rap es ▁from ▁its ▁own ▁cultiv ation . ▁Anton ▁von ▁Long o - L ieben stein ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Independent ▁Win eg row ers ▁of ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁and ▁the ▁Feder azione ▁Italiana ▁V ign ai oli ▁Ind ip endent i ▁( |
FI VI ). ▁F IV I ▁is ▁the ▁association ▁of ▁independent ▁Italian ▁win eg row ers , ▁which ▁represents ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁its ▁ 6 0 0 ▁members ▁on ▁both ▁a ▁national ▁and ▁a ▁European ▁level . ▁ ▁W ine - making ▁ ▁Vari etal ▁pur ity ▁has ▁been ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁quality ▁criteria ▁for ▁the ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century . ▁Other ▁important ▁criteria ▁are ▁age ▁of ▁the ▁v ines , ▁some ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁very ▁old , ▁int ensive ▁care ▁of ▁the ▁v ines ▁throughout ▁the ▁year ▁and ▁rig orous ▁ins pection ▁of ▁the ▁g rap es ▁at ▁the ▁har vest . ▁The ▁cultiv ation ▁methods ▁are ▁based ▁on ▁traditional ▁and ▁conventional ▁principles ▁and ▁are ▁combined ▁with ▁bi ological ▁approaches . ▁ ▁The ▁fer ment ation ▁process ▁takes ▁place ▁in ▁open ▁wooden ▁tub s ▁and ▁st ain less ▁steel ▁t anks . ▁The ▁wine ▁is ▁m ature d ▁in ▁o ak ▁and ▁t onne au ▁bar rel s ▁made ▁from ▁fine - por ed ▁French ▁o ak ▁with ▁a ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 2 2 5 ▁or ▁ 5 0 0 ▁lit res . ▁ ▁Selection ▁of ▁w ines ▁▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Al to ▁Ad ige ▁Pin ot ▁Bian co ▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Gew ür z tr am iner ▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Ch ard onn ay ▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Pin ot ▁gr is ▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Lag re in ▁R iser va |
▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Mer lot ▁R iser va ▁▁ ▁D OP ▁Sü dt . ▁Cab ern et ▁Sau v ignon ▁R iser va ▁ ▁P riz es ▁and ▁awards ▁▁ ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁at ▁Fal st aff ▁ ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁at ▁Fal st aff ▁We ingu ide ▁ 2 0 1 7 / 1 8 ▁ ▁Dec anter ▁Asia ▁W ine ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁- ▁Silver : ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁Pin ot ▁Bl anc ▁ ▁International er ▁P I WI ▁Wein preis ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁- ▁Groß es ▁Gold : ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁Sol aris ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Official ▁Website ▁ ▁Baron ▁Long o ▁estate ▁at ▁Independent ▁Win eg row ers ▁Of ▁South ▁Ty rol ▁ ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁South ▁Ty rol ▁Category : H ouses ▁in ▁Italy ▁Category : W iner ies ▁of ▁Italy <0x0A> </s> ▁Harold ▁Bed o ya ▁P izar ro ▁( Dec ember ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁in ▁C ali , ▁Colombia ▁– ▁May ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁in ▁Hospital ▁Mil itar ▁de ▁Bog ota ) ▁was ▁a ▁general ▁and ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁National ▁Army . ▁Bed o ya ▁also ▁ran ▁for ▁President ▁of ▁Colombia ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁elections . ▁ ▁Military ▁career ▁Bed o ya ' s ▁military ▁training ▁began ▁at ▁the ▁Jose ▁Maria ▁C ór d ova ▁Military |
▁Academy ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁where ▁he ▁received ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁inf antry ▁second ▁lieutenant . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁he ▁attended ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Amer icas ▁and ▁trained ▁in ▁military ▁intelligence , ▁later ▁returning ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁as ▁a ▁guest ▁professor . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Se vent h ▁Brigade , ▁Villa vic en cio , ▁where ▁he ▁developed ▁the ▁plan ▁of ▁dis m ant ling ▁the ▁labor ator ies ▁and ▁er adic ation ▁of ▁ill ic it ▁activities ▁by ▁the ▁Revolution ary ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁of ▁Colombia ▁() ( F AR C ). ▁Three ▁years ▁later ▁he ▁was ▁given ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Four th ▁Brigade ▁in ▁Med ell ín , ▁Ant io quia , ▁where ▁he ▁participated ▁in ▁anti - n arc otic ▁operations ▁against ▁drug ▁king pin ▁Pablo ▁Esc obar . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Bed o ya ▁was ▁given ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Super ior ▁Military ▁School ▁in ▁Bog ot á , ▁C und in amar ca . ▁The ▁following ▁year ▁he ▁was ▁again ▁promoted ▁to ▁deput y ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁N ort he astern ▁Division , ▁a ▁position ▁he ▁held ▁for ▁three ▁years ▁before ▁being ▁finally ▁promoted ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁commander - in - ch ief ▁of ▁the ▁armed ▁forces , ▁where ▁he ▁replaced ▁Admir al ▁Hold an ▁Del g ado ; ▁he ▁held ▁that ▁position ▁for |
▁one ▁year . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁Bed o ya ▁was ▁forced ▁into ▁ret irement ▁by ▁then ▁President ▁Ern esto ▁Sam per ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁unw illing ness ▁to ▁negoti ate ▁with ▁the ▁Revolution ary ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁of ▁Colombia ▁( F AR C ). ▁ ▁President ial ▁cand ida cies ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Bed o ya ▁announced ▁his ▁candid acy ▁for ▁President ▁of ▁Colombia , ▁running ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁for ▁the ▁Force ▁Colombia ▁() ▁party ▁he ▁founded . ▁During ▁his ▁campaign ▁he ▁str essed ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁r idd ing ▁Colombia ▁of ▁drug ▁sm ug gl ers ▁and ▁stated ▁it ▁as ▁his ▁number ▁one ▁priority . ▁Bed o ya ▁stated ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁agree ▁with ▁the ▁prior ▁removal ▁of ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁National ▁Army ▁from ▁F AR C - control led ▁territory ▁and , ▁stated ▁he ▁would ▁not ▁negoti ate ▁with ▁them ▁until ▁their ▁" nar co - based ▁fin ances ▁have ▁been ▁s que ez ed ." ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 7 , ▁in ▁what ▁was ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁attack ▁by ▁re bel ▁groups ▁to ▁dest abil ize ▁the ▁campaign , ▁five ▁bomb s ▁det on ated ▁in ▁Bog ot á , ▁one ▁at ▁the ▁campaign ▁headquarters ▁of ▁Bed o ya . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁of ▁voting ▁Bed o ya ▁and ▁running ▁mate ▁Jorge ▁Gar cia ▁H urt ado ▁were ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁running ▁after ▁receiving ▁only ▁ 1 9 3 , |
0 3 7 ▁votes , ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 . 8 2 %. ▁ ▁Conserv ative ▁And rés ▁P astr ana ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁and , ▁facing ▁off ▁against ▁Liberal ▁H ora cio ▁Ser pa , ▁eventually ▁became ▁President ▁of ▁Colombia . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁elections , ▁Bed o ya ▁once ▁again ▁participated ▁as ▁a ▁president ial ▁candidate ▁and ▁ran ▁against ▁H ora cio ▁Ser pa , ▁Luis ▁Edu ardo ▁Gar z ón , ▁No em í ▁San ín , ▁Ál var o ▁Uri be ▁and ▁Í n grid ▁Bet anc ourt . ▁Bet anc ourt ▁would ▁later ▁be ▁kid n apped ▁by ▁F AR C ▁reb els ▁during ▁the ▁election ▁season . ▁Bed o ya ' s ▁Force ▁Colombia ▁obtained ▁ 5 0 , 7 6 3 ▁votes , ▁ 0 . 4 5 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁total . ▁Ál var o ▁Uri be ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁election , ▁representing ▁the ▁Colombia ▁First ▁political ▁party . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers y ▁ ▁Human ▁rights ▁General ▁Bed o ya ▁was ▁critic ized ▁during ▁the ▁later ▁years ▁of ▁his ▁military ▁career ▁for ▁his ▁past ▁attend ance ▁at ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Amer icas , ▁as ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁its ▁gradu ates ▁have ▁committed ▁human ▁rights ▁viol ations . ▁Bed o ya ▁was ▁also ▁accused ▁of ▁toler ating , ▁working ▁with ▁or ▁doing ▁little ▁to ▁combat ▁par amil it ary ▁groups . ▁ ▁B IN CI ▁and ▁Tri ple ▁A ▁ ▁Bed o |
ya ' s ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁Bat all ón ▁Ú nico ▁de ▁Intel igen cia ▁y ▁Cont raint el igen cia ▁() ▁( B IN CI ) ▁of ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁National ▁Army ▁has ▁been ▁linked ▁to ▁the ▁activities ▁of ▁the ▁Ant ic ommun ist ▁American ▁Alliance ▁() ▁( AA A ). ▁The ▁B IN CI , ▁acting ▁as ▁A AA , ▁has ▁been ▁accused ▁of ▁carrying ▁out ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁bomb ings ▁against ▁the ▁Colomb ian ▁Commun ist ▁Party ' s ▁Head quarters ▁and ▁its ▁newspaper ▁V oz ▁Pro let aria . ▁The ▁A AA ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁accused ▁of ▁eng aging ▁in ▁other ▁kid n app ings , ▁bomb ings ▁and ▁assass in ations ▁against ▁left ist ▁targets ▁and ▁ab uses ▁of ▁gu err illa ▁d eta ine es ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁. ▁ ▁Then - L ie utenant ▁Colonel ▁Bed o ya ▁was ▁mentioned ▁in ▁an ▁open ▁letter ▁published ▁on ▁November ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁by ▁the ▁Mexican ▁newspaper ▁El ▁D ía , ▁in ▁which ▁five ▁individuals ▁identified ▁as ▁former ▁Colomb ian ▁military ▁detail ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁activities ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁B IN CI ▁personnel ▁operating ▁as ▁Tri ple ▁A . ▁According ▁to ▁them , ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁Harold ▁Bed o ya , ▁the ▁commander ▁of ▁B IN CI , ▁would ▁have ▁given ▁orders ▁to ▁the ▁personnel ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁bomb ing ▁of ▁V oz ▁Pro let aria . ▁ ▁Leg al ▁actions ▁against ▁critics ▁Bed o ya ▁was ▁critic |
ized ▁for ▁fil ing ▁s land er ▁charges ▁against ▁Father ▁J avier ▁G iral do , ▁the ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Inter con greg ational ▁Commission ▁for ▁Justice ▁and ▁Peace ▁( ). ▁Human ▁Rights ▁groups ▁such ▁as ▁Human ▁Rights ▁Watch ▁and ▁the ▁Organ ization ▁of ▁American ▁Studies ▁called ▁these ▁s land er ▁su its ▁a ▁measure ▁intended ▁to ▁silence ▁critics . ▁ ▁Death ▁Bed o ya ▁P izar ro ▁died ▁at ▁a ▁military ▁clin ic ▁in ▁Bog ot á ▁from ▁l ym ph oma ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 7 8 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Colomb ian ▁Ar med ▁Conf lict ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁Colombia ▁ ▁Kid n app ings ▁in ▁Colombia ▁ ▁Military ▁of ▁Colombia ▁ ▁Par amil itar ism ▁in ▁Colombia ▁ ▁Polit ics ▁of ▁Colombia ▁ ▁Revolution ary ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁of ▁Colombia ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁C ali ▁Category : National ▁Army ▁of ▁Colombia ▁Category : Col omb ian ▁gener als <0x0A> </s> ▁Dies el ▁Only ▁Records ▁is ▁a ▁Brook lyn - based ▁country ▁music ▁record ▁label ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁by ▁music ian - j ournal ist ▁Jer emy ▁Te pper , ▁then ▁also ▁the ▁lead ▁singer ▁of ▁the ▁World ▁Fam ous ▁Blue ▁J ays . ▁ ▁History ▁Te pper , ▁along ▁with ▁Dies el ▁Only ' s ▁c of ound ers , ▁Jay ▁Sh |
erman - G od f rey ▁and ▁Albert ▁C ai ati , ▁originally ▁started ▁the ▁label ▁with ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁re le asing ▁vin yl ▁ 4 5 s ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁ju ke box es ▁at ▁tr uck ▁stops . ▁Te pper ▁also ▁started ▁the ▁label ▁with ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁re le asing ▁his ▁own ▁band ' s ▁albums , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁those ▁by ▁other ▁young ▁bands ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁The ▁first ▁non - vin yl ▁record ▁the ▁label ▁released ▁was ▁ 1 9 9 2 ' s ▁R ig ▁Rock ▁Ju ke box , ▁which ▁was ▁also ▁their ▁first ▁singles ▁compilation ▁album . ▁Also ▁that ▁year , ▁the ▁label ▁released ▁a ▁single ▁by ▁Mark ▁Br ine ▁entitled ▁" New ▁Blue ▁Y odel ," ▁which , ▁after ▁Br ine ▁sent ▁it ▁to ▁H ank ▁Snow , ▁land ed ▁him ▁a ▁gig ▁at ▁the ▁Grand ▁Ole ▁O pr y ▁that ▁July . ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁Dies el ▁Only ▁had ▁released ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 0 ▁records ▁by ▁artists ▁from ▁all ▁across ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁label ▁did ▁not ▁become ▁well - known ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁when ▁its ▁third ▁singles ▁compilation ▁album , ▁" R ig ▁Rock ▁Del ux e ", ▁was ▁released , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁deal ▁with ▁Up start ▁Records . ▁The ▁album ▁included ▁songs ▁by ▁Buck ▁O w ens , ▁Steve ▁Ear le , ▁and ▁Mart y ▁Stuart , ▁and ▁won ▁Amer icana ▁Album ▁of |
▁the ▁Year ▁from ▁the ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁Independent ▁Record ▁Dist rib utors . ▁Te pper ▁has ▁re called ▁that ▁after ▁O w ens ▁agreed ▁to ▁contribute ▁“ Will ▁There ▁Be ▁Big ▁R igs ▁in ▁Heaven ?” ▁to ▁the ▁album , ▁they ▁merely ▁had ▁to ▁mention ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁signed ▁on ▁to ▁the ▁project , ▁after ▁which ▁" we ▁[ D ies el ▁Only ] ▁got ▁anybody ▁we ▁wanted ." ▁" R ig ▁Rock ▁Del ux e " ▁received ▁a ▁favor able ▁review ▁from ▁Billboard , ▁which ▁described ▁it ▁as ▁the ▁label ' s ▁best ▁compilation ▁yet . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁Peter ▁Black stock ▁wrote ▁in ▁No ▁De pression ▁that ▁through ▁his ▁work ▁with ▁Dies el ▁Only , ▁" J er emy ▁Te pper ▁has ▁established ▁himself ▁as ▁a ▁unique ▁and ▁ind isp ens able ▁c og ▁in ▁the ▁alt - country ▁under ground ." ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁Te pper ▁married ▁fellow ▁music ian ▁Laura ▁Cant rell . ▁The ▁label ▁first ▁diver ged ▁from ▁its ▁pattern ▁of ▁re le asing ▁comp il ations ▁of ▁tr ucker ▁music ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁when ▁it ▁released ▁Cant rell ' s ▁debut ▁album , ▁Not ▁the ▁T rem b lin ' ▁Kind . ▁Cant rell ▁and ▁Te pper ▁later ▁became ▁the ▁co - own ers ▁and ▁co - oper ators ▁of ▁Dies el ▁Only . ▁Cant rell ▁has ▁released ▁all ▁but ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁albums ▁on ▁Dies el ▁Only ▁( as ▁of ▁ 2 0 |
1 1 ). ▁ ▁Art ists ▁Art ists ▁who ▁have ▁released ▁albums ▁on ▁Dies el ▁Only ▁include , ▁but ▁are ▁not ▁limited ▁to : ▁D ale ▁Watson ▁World ▁Fam ous ▁Blue ▁J ays ▁Amy ▁All ison ▁Laura ▁Cant rell ▁Will ▁R ig by ▁Tam my ▁F aye ▁Star l ite ▁We en ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Record ▁labels ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Category : American ▁country ▁music ▁record ▁labels ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁Japanese ▁y aku za ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Ke i ichi ▁O za wa . ▁The ▁reven ge ▁story ▁of ▁a ▁man ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁of ▁a ▁y aku za ▁who ▁was ▁bet rayed ▁by ▁his ▁uncle ▁and ▁his ▁brother . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁T ets u ya ▁Wat ari ▁as ▁Tak im ura ▁Sh u ji ▁ ▁Y osh io ▁Har ada ▁as ▁G ō da ▁Se ij ir ō ▁ ▁Mas aya ▁O ki ▁as ▁Tak im ura ▁H iro sh i ▁ ▁R yo he i ▁U ch ida ▁as ▁Sa a ek i ▁A ki ra ▁ ▁K ō ji ▁Nan bara ▁as ▁A be ▁Ts une h isa ▁ ▁Ken ji ▁I mai ▁as ▁O ka wa ▁Ter uo ▁ ▁M its uk o ▁O ka ▁as ▁T ach ib ana ▁Y uki ▁ ▁Har umi ▁S one ▁as ▁K ish im oto ▁ ▁Sh ō se i ▁Mut ō ▁as ▁Mor |
ik awa ▁ ▁Y oshi ro ▁A oki ▁as ▁Sh ir ato ▁ ▁H iro sh i ▁M iz uh ara ▁as ▁H ana i ▁ ▁The ▁M ops ▁as ▁ ▁Band ▁Group ▁ ▁Mich itar ō ▁M iz ush ima ▁as ▁T ach ib ana ▁Sh ige z ab ur ō ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : J apan ese ▁films ▁Category : N ikk ats u ▁films ▁Category : Y aku za ▁films ▁Category : J apan ese ▁crime ▁films ▁Category : J apan ese - language ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Indones ian ▁Basketball ▁League ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁pre em inent ▁men ' s ▁professional ▁basketball ▁league ▁in ▁Indones ia , ▁founded ▁by ▁Indones ian ▁Basketball ▁Association ▁( PP ▁Per bas i ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁From ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁it ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁National ▁Basketball ▁League ▁( N BL ) ▁and ▁organ ised ▁by ▁DB L ▁Indones ia . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁P T ▁B ola ▁B asket ▁Indones ia ▁acquired ▁Starting ▁ 5 ▁and ▁after ▁that ▁P T ▁B ola ▁B asket ▁Indones ia ▁assigned ▁by ▁P P ▁Per bas i ▁to ▁organized ▁the ▁league . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Basketball ▁has ▁a ▁long ▁history ▁in ▁Indones ia . ▁Not ed ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁although ▁not ▁yet ▁officially ▁an ▁independent ▁country , ▁several ▁cities ▁in ▁Indones ia ▁have ▁their ▁own ▁local ▁clubs . ▁ ▁Although ▁it |
▁does ▁not ▁yet ▁have ▁a ▁national ▁sports ▁parent , ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁holding ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁National ▁Sports ▁Week ▁held ▁in ▁Solo ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁basketball ▁had ▁become ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁sports ▁branches ▁that ▁was ▁cont ested ▁and ▁was ▁received ▁quite ▁l ively ▁both ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁participants ▁and ▁spect ators . ▁ ▁Three ▁years ▁after ▁that , ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁October ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁the ▁All - Ind ones ian ▁Basketball ▁Association ▁was ▁born , ▁and ▁then ▁renamed ▁the ▁All - Ind ones ian ▁Basketball ▁Association ▁( Per bas i ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 . ▁Following ▁the ▁results ▁of ▁the ▁VIII ▁Congress ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁Per bas i ▁finally ▁organ ised ▁a ▁competition ▁between ▁basketball ▁clubs ▁in ▁Indones ia ▁which ▁are ▁the ▁highest ▁competition ▁followed ▁by ▁big ▁clubs ▁from ▁the ▁islands ▁of ▁Sum atra , ▁Java , ▁Kal im ant an ▁and ▁Sul aw esi . ▁▁ 3 ▁April ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁is ▁a ▁historic ▁date ▁for ▁the ▁basketball ▁world ▁in ▁Indones ia . ▁On ▁that ▁day , ▁the ▁match ▁between ▁the ▁Raj aw ali ▁Jak arta ▁club ▁against ▁the ▁Sin ar ▁S ury a ▁Y ogy ak arta ▁Spirit ▁marked ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Main ▁Basketball ▁Compet ition ▁( K ob at ama ) ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁step ▁in ▁the ▁long ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁competition ▁of ▁top ▁clubs ▁in ▁Indones ia . ▁Jak arta ▁M uda ▁Indones ia ▁listed |
▁themselves ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁club ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁pr estig ious ▁Kob at ama ▁Champion ▁title . ▁ ▁Kob at ama ▁as ▁an ▁amateur ▁basketball ▁competition ▁rolled ▁out ▁for ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁and ▁continued ▁until ▁it ▁stopped ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁Indones ian ▁Basketball ▁League ▁( IB L ) ▁professional ▁competition ▁was ▁held ▁and ▁participated ▁by ▁ 1 0 ▁top ▁teams ▁in ▁Indones ia . ▁ ▁Asp ac ▁Jak arta ▁succeeded ▁in ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁title ▁winner ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Sat ria ▁M uda ▁emer ged ▁as ▁a ▁new ▁force ▁to ▁get ▁rid ▁of ▁Asp ac ▁in ▁the ▁grand ▁final ▁and ▁to ▁appear ▁as ▁a ▁champion . ▁Asp ac ▁won ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁champion ▁again ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁The ▁following ▁years ▁( 2 0 0 6 - 2 0 0 9 ) ▁belonged ▁to ▁Sat ria ▁M uda ▁Jak arta . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁annual ▁regular ▁competition , ▁I BL ▁also ▁holds ▁an ▁I BL ▁Cup ▁Tournament ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁or ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Sat ria ▁M uda ▁Jak arta ▁defeated ▁Pel ita ▁J aya ▁Jak arta ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁held ▁at ▁G OR ▁C - Tra ▁Arena ▁Band ung . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Gar uda ▁Band ung ▁managed ▁to ▁ste al ▁the ▁previous ▁I BL ▁Cup ▁Tournament ▁title , ▁in |
▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁also ▁belonged ▁to ▁Sat ria ▁M uda . ▁ ▁Unfortunately , ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁I BL ▁did ▁not ▁go ▁as ▁expected . ▁After ▁repeatedly ▁changing ▁prom ot ers , ▁the ▁league ▁threatened ▁to ▁dis band ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁All ▁particip ating ▁club ▁represent atives ▁also ▁asked ▁P T ▁DB L ▁Indones ia ▁to ▁appear ▁as ▁manager . ▁Pre viously , ▁DB L ▁Indones ia ▁was ▁considered ▁successful ▁in ▁man aging ▁the ▁Development ▁Basketball ▁League ▁( DB L ), ▁the ▁largest ▁student ▁basketball ▁league ▁in ▁Indones ia , ▁which ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁had ▁expanded ▁to ▁ 2 1 ▁cities ▁in ▁Indones ia , ▁followed ▁by ▁around ▁ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁players ▁and ▁officials . ▁ ▁To ▁restore ▁the ▁prest ige ▁of ▁this ▁professional ▁league , ▁re - brand ing ▁is ▁in ev itable . ▁Starting ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁I BL ▁changed ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁the ▁Indones ian ▁National ▁Basketball ▁League ▁( N BL ). ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁changes ▁were ▁made , ▁trying ▁to ▁increase ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁matches ▁again , ▁bringing ▁the ▁league ▁closer ▁to ▁its ▁fans . ▁With ▁N BL , ▁Indones ia ▁also ▁has ▁a ▁new ▁hope , ▁a ▁new ▁spirit . ▁ ▁Form er ▁clubs ▁▁ ▁St ap ac ▁Jak arta ▁( with d rew ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 ) ▁C LS ▁Kn ights ▁Sur ab aya ▁( with d rew |
▁from ▁ 2 0 1 7 - 1 8 ▁season ▁but ▁still ▁play ▁for ▁representing ▁Indones ia ▁( as ▁C LS ▁Kn ights ▁Indones ia ) ▁in ▁the ▁A BL ▁through ▁ 2 0 1 8 - 1 9 ▁season ) ▁Stadium ▁Jak arta ▁( with d rew ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Champions ▁ ▁I BL ▁Champions ▁▁ ▁Ital ic ▁indicates ▁the ▁club ▁is ▁with d rew ▁or ▁no ▁longer ▁play . ▁ ▁N BL ▁Champions ▁▁ ▁Ital ic ▁indicates ▁the ▁club ▁is ▁with d rew ▁or ▁no ▁longer ▁play . ▁ ▁I BL ▁Champions ▁▁ ▁Ital ic ▁indicates ▁the ▁club ▁is ▁with d rew ▁or ▁no ▁longer ▁play . ▁ ▁W ins ▁by ▁Team ▁▁ ▁Ital ic ▁indicates ▁the ▁club ▁is ▁with d rew ▁or ▁no ▁longer ▁play . ▁ ▁D raft ▁▁ ▁Note ▁: ▁* ▁The ▁player ▁didn ' t ▁play ▁in ▁I BL ▁Se asons ▁ ▁Sc oring ▁Le aders ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁M VP ▁Player ▁/ ▁Son ny ▁Hend raw an ▁Award ▁ ▁Ro ok ie ▁of ▁The ▁Year ▁▁ ▁Co ach ▁of ▁The ▁Year ▁ ▁Six th ▁Man ▁of ▁The ▁Year ▁ ▁Def ensive ▁Player ▁of ▁The ▁Year ▁▁ ▁Final s ▁M VP ▁ ▁Most ▁Im pro ved ▁Player ▁ ▁Foreign ▁Player ▁of ▁The ▁Year ▁ ▁Sport sm ans hip ▁Award ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁N BL ▁Official ▁Site ▁▁ ▁The ▁site ▁of ▁Indones ian ▁Basketball ▁ ▁I BL ▁Official ▁B log ▁▁▁ ▁Basketball ▁Indones ia <0x0A> </s> ▁Gustav s |
▁Cel mi ņ š ▁( A pril ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁in ▁R iga ▁– ▁April ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 ), ▁was ▁a ▁Lat v ian ▁politician , ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁P ē r kon kr ust s ▁( Lat v ian ▁pron unci ation : ▁[ ˈ p æ ː r . ku ɔ n . kr ust s ], ▁" Th under ▁Cross "). ▁ ▁Biography ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁commerce ▁school ▁of ▁the ▁R iga ▁Stock ▁Exchange , ▁and ▁graduated ▁in ▁Moscow . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 7 , ▁he ▁began ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁R iga ▁Poly techn ical ▁Institute ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁ev acu ated ▁to ▁Moscow . ▁After ▁the ▁October ▁Revolution , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁Lat via . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁en list ed ▁into ▁the ▁newly ▁created ▁Lat v ian ▁Army , ▁and ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁lieutenant ▁the ▁following ▁year , ▁and ▁was ▁then ▁appointed ▁Lat v ian ▁military ▁attach é ▁in ▁Poland . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 1 , ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁L ā č pl ē s is . ▁ ▁Ret ired ▁from ▁army ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 4 , ▁he ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 7 . ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁became ▁the ▁secretary ▁of ▁Minister ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Affairs , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁worked |
▁in ▁the ▁Fin ance ▁Ministry . ▁On ▁ 2 4 ▁January ▁ 1 9 3 2 , ▁the ▁Lat v ian ▁national ist ▁group ▁U gun sk rust s ▁was ▁founded , ▁and ▁Gustav s ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁its ▁leader . ▁After ▁U gun sk rust s ▁was ▁b anned , ▁he ▁founded ▁the ▁organization ▁P ē r kon kr ust s ▁(" Th under cross "). ▁Common ▁for ▁both ▁organis ations ▁was ▁that ▁they ▁advoc ated ▁a ▁national ▁revolution ▁for ▁a ▁radical ▁re - organisation ▁of ▁society , ▁politics , ▁and ▁the ▁economy ▁in ▁Lat via . ▁Following ▁K ā rl is ▁Ul man is ' ▁ 1 5 ▁May ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁coup ▁d ' état , ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁was ▁arrested ▁and ▁imprison ed ▁for ▁three ▁years . ▁He ▁was ▁ex iled ▁from ▁Lat via ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁ ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁moved ▁to ▁Italy , ▁then ▁Switzerland . ▁While ▁in ▁Zürich , ▁he ▁was ▁arrested ▁and ▁then ▁ban ished ▁from ▁Switzerland . ▁He ▁later ▁lived ▁in ▁Roman ia , ▁where ▁he ▁had ▁contacts ▁with ▁the ▁Iron ▁Guard , ▁and ▁then ▁moved ▁to ▁Finland . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁P ē r kon kr ust s ''' ▁" fore ign ▁contacts ▁office ". ▁After ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁inv aded ▁Finland , ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁en rolled ▁as ▁a ▁volunte er ▁on ▁the ▁latter ' s ▁side . ▁When ▁the |
▁conflict ▁ended , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁Naz i ▁Germany . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁after ▁Operation ▁Bar bar ossa , ▁he , ▁together ▁with ▁Naz i ▁officials , ▁returned ▁to ▁Lat via ▁and ▁reg ained ▁leadership ▁of ▁P ē r kon kr ust s . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁occupation ▁authorities ▁once ▁again ▁b anned ▁P ē r kon kr ust s ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁continued ▁his ▁out ward ▁collaboration ▁with ▁the ▁Germ ans ▁in ▁the ▁hopes ▁that ▁s izable ▁Lat v ian ▁military ▁form ations ▁would ▁be ▁created . ▁From ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁he ▁head ed ▁the ▁Committee ▁for ▁Organ ising ▁Lat v ian ▁Vol unte ers ▁( ), ▁the ▁main ▁function ▁of ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁rec ruit ment ▁of ▁Lat v ian ▁men ▁for ▁the ▁Lat v ian ▁A ux ili ary ▁Police ▁Batt al ions , ▁known ▁in ▁German ▁as ▁Schutz mann schaften ▁or ▁simply ▁Sch uma . ▁As ide ▁from ▁front - line ▁combat ▁duties , ▁these ▁batt al ions ▁were ▁also ▁deployed ▁in ▁anti - part isan ▁operations ▁Lat via ▁and ▁Bel arus ▁that ▁included ▁the ▁mass ac res ▁of ▁rural ▁Jews ▁and ▁other ▁civ ili ans . ▁This ▁situation ▁was ▁not ▁what ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁had ▁hoped ▁for , ▁and ▁so ▁he ▁began ▁to ▁sab ot age ▁the ▁rec ruit ment ▁efforts . ▁Because ▁of ▁this , ▁he ▁was ▁later ▁transferred ▁to ▁a ▁job ▁as ▁a ▁minor ▁cl erk |
▁within ▁the ▁occupation ▁administration . P ē r kon kr ust s ▁members ▁working ▁within ▁the ▁SD ▁appar atus ▁in ▁occupied ▁Lat via ▁would ▁feed ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁information , ▁some ▁of ▁which ▁he ▁would ▁include ▁in ▁his ▁under ground , ▁anti - G erman ▁publication ▁Br ī v ā ▁Lat v ija . ▁This ▁eventually ▁led ▁to ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁and ▁his ▁associ ates ▁being ▁arrested ▁by ▁the ▁Gest ap o ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁with ▁Cel mi ņ š ▁ending ▁up ▁imprison ed ▁in ▁Fl ossen b ür g ▁concentration ▁camp . ▁ ▁In ▁late ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁he ▁was , ▁together ▁with ▁other ▁prominent ▁concentration ▁camp ▁in m ates , ▁transferred ▁to ▁Ty rol ▁where ▁the ▁SS ▁left ▁the ▁prisoners ▁behind . ▁He ▁was ▁liber ated ▁by ▁the ▁Fif th ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁on ▁ 5 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁ ▁After ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁he ▁lived ▁in ▁Italy , ▁where ▁he ▁published ▁the ▁newspaper ▁Br ī v ā ▁Lat v ija . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁he ▁published ▁the ▁aut obi ographic ▁book ▁E i rop as ▁kr ust ce ļ os '' ▁(" At ▁the ▁Cross ro ads ▁of ▁Europe "). ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁he ▁em igr ated ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁he ▁was ▁an ▁instruct or ▁at ▁Sy rac use ▁University ' s ▁Ar |
med ▁Forces ▁school ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁state , ▁and ▁beginning ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁he ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Foreign ▁Language ▁program ▁for ▁the ▁US ▁Air ▁Force , ▁and ▁a ▁television ▁lect urer ▁about ▁the ▁USS R ▁and ▁commun ism . ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁manufact urer ▁in ▁Mexico . ▁Between ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁li br arian ▁at ▁Tr inity ▁University ▁in ▁San ▁Antonio , ▁Texas . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁professor ▁of ▁Russian ▁studies ▁at ▁St . ▁Mary ' s ▁University ▁in ▁San ▁Antonio , ▁Texas . ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁in ▁San ▁Antonio , ▁Texas . ▁ ▁Qu otes ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Ig ors ▁Š iš kins ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁R iga ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁the ▁Governor ate ▁of ▁Liv onia ▁Category : Lat v ian ▁fasc ists ▁Category : Lat v ian ▁military ▁personnel ▁of ▁the ▁Lat v ian ▁War ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁Category : Lat v ian ▁military ▁personnel ▁Category : Lat v ian ▁polit icians ▁Category : Vol unte ers ▁in ▁the ▁Winter ▁War ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁resistance ▁press ▁activ ists ▁Category : F lossen b ür g |
▁concentration ▁camp ▁surv iv ors ▁Category : Lat v ian ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : St . ▁Mary ' s ▁University , ▁Texas ▁fac ulty ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Lat v ian ▁polit icians <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁split ▁capital ▁invest ment ▁trust ▁( split ) ▁is ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁invest ment ▁trust ▁which ▁issues ▁different ▁classes ▁of ▁share ▁to ▁give ▁the ▁invest or ▁a ▁choice ▁of ▁shares ▁to ▁match ▁their ▁needs . ▁ ▁Most ▁spl its ▁have ▁a ▁limited ▁life ▁determined ▁at ▁launch ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁wind - up ▁date . ▁ ▁Typ ically ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁a ▁split ▁capital ▁trust ▁is ▁five ▁to ▁ten ▁years . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁▁ ▁Every ▁split ▁capital ▁trust ▁will ▁have ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁classes ▁of ▁share : ▁▁ ▁In ▁order ▁of ▁( typ ical ) ▁priority ▁and ▁increasing ▁risk ▁Zero ▁D ivid end ▁Pre ference ▁shares ▁- ▁no ▁divid ends , ▁only ▁capital ▁growth ▁at ▁a ▁pre - est ab lished ▁re dem ption ▁price ▁( ass uming ▁sufficient ▁assets ) ▁In come ▁shares ▁- ▁entitled ▁to ▁most ▁( or ▁all ) ▁of ▁the ▁income ▁generated ▁from ▁the ▁assets ▁of ▁a ▁trust ▁until ▁the ▁wind - up ▁date , ▁with ▁some ▁capital ▁protection ▁An nu ity ▁In come ▁shares ▁- ▁very ▁high ▁and ▁rising ▁yield , ▁but ▁virt ually ▁no ▁capital ▁protection ▁Ord inary ▁In come ▁shares ▁( aka ▁In come ▁& ▁Res id ual ▁Capital ▁shares ) ▁- ▁a ▁high ▁income ▁and ▁a ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁remaining ▁assets |
▁of ▁the ▁trust ▁after ▁prior ▁ranking ▁shares ▁Capital ▁shares ▁- ▁entitled ▁most ▁( or ▁all ) ▁of ▁the ▁remaining ▁assets ▁after ▁prior ▁ranking ▁share ▁classes ▁have ▁been ▁paid ; ▁very ▁high ▁risk ▁ ▁The ▁type ▁of ▁share ▁inv ested ▁in ▁is ▁ranked ▁in ▁a ▁pred et erm ined ▁order ▁of ▁priority , ▁which ▁becomes ▁important ▁when ▁the ▁trust ▁reaches ▁its ▁wind - up ▁date . ▁ ▁If ▁the ▁split ▁has ▁acquired ▁any ▁deb t , ▁deb ent ures ▁or ▁loan ▁stock , ▁then ▁this ▁is ▁paid ▁out ▁first , ▁before ▁any ▁share hold ers . ▁ ▁Next ▁in ▁line ▁to ▁be ▁rep a id ▁are ▁Zero ▁D ivid end ▁Pre ference ▁shares , ▁followed ▁by ▁any ▁In come ▁shares ▁and ▁then ▁Capital . ▁ ▁Although ▁this ▁order ▁of ▁priority ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁common ▁way ▁shares ▁are ▁paid ▁out ▁at ▁the ▁wind - up ▁date , ▁it ▁may ▁alter ▁slightly ▁from ▁trust ▁to ▁trust . ▁ ▁S pl its ▁may ▁also ▁issue ▁Pack aged ▁Units ▁combining ▁certain ▁classes ▁of ▁share , ▁usually ▁reflect ing ▁the ▁share ▁classes ▁in ▁the ▁trust ▁usually ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁ratio . ▁ ▁This ▁makes ▁them ▁essentially ▁the ▁same ▁invest ment ▁as ▁an ▁ordinary ▁share ▁in ▁a ▁conventional ▁In vest ment ▁Trust . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Cl osed - end ▁fund ▁In come ▁trust ▁Real ▁estate ▁invest ment ▁trust ▁Vent ure ▁Capital ▁Trust ▁In vest ment ▁company ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : In vest ment ▁▁▁ ▁de : In vest ment gesellschaft ▁ru : Д ове ри |
тель ное ▁управ ление <0x0A> </s> ▁Cal p ain - 3 ▁is ▁a ▁protein ▁that ▁in ▁humans ▁is ▁encoded ▁by ▁the ▁C AP N 3 ▁gene . ▁ ▁Function ▁▁ ▁Cal p ain , ▁a ▁heter od imer ▁consisting ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁and ▁a ▁small ▁sub unit , ▁is ▁a ▁major ▁int rac ell ular ▁prote ase , ▁although ▁its ▁function ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁well ▁established . ▁This ▁gene ▁enc odes ▁a ▁mus cle - specific ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁cal p ain ▁large ▁sub unit ▁family ▁that ▁specifically ▁bind s ▁to ▁tit in . ▁Mut ations ▁in ▁this ▁gene ▁are ▁associated ▁with ▁lim b - g ird le ▁mus cular ▁d yst roph ies ▁type ▁ 2 A . ▁Altern ate ▁prom ot ers ▁and ▁alternative ▁sp lic ing ▁result ▁in ▁multiple ▁trans cript ▁variants ▁encoding ▁different ▁is o forms ▁and ▁some ▁variants ▁are ▁u bi quit ously ▁expressed . ▁ ▁In ▁mel an oc yt ic ▁cells ▁C AP N 3 ▁gene ▁expression ▁may ▁be ▁reg ulated ▁by ▁M IT F . ▁ ▁Inter actions ▁▁ ▁C AP N 3 ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁interact ▁with ▁Tit in . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁The ▁M ER OP S ▁online ▁database ▁for ▁pe pt id ases ▁and ▁their ▁in hib itors : ▁C 0 2 . 0 0 4 ▁ ▁Gene Re views / NC BI / NI H / U W ▁entry ▁on ▁Cal p ain op ath y ▁ ▁LO VD ▁mut ation ▁database : ▁C |
AP N 3 ▁▁▁ ▁Category : EF - hand - cont aining ▁prote ins <0x0A> </s> ▁Trad itional ▁cl othing ▁( folk ▁cost ume ) ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁factors ▁that ▁has ▁differenti ated ▁this ▁nation ▁from ▁neighbor ing ▁countries , ▁d ating ▁back ▁as ▁far ▁as ▁the ▁Il ly rian ▁era . ▁ ▁The ▁evolution ▁this ▁att ire ▁has ▁under g one , ▁has ▁been ▁in ▁service ▁of ▁modern ization ▁and ▁contemporary ▁style , ▁however , ▁the ▁fundamental ▁symbols ▁and ▁mot ives ▁by ▁which ▁these ▁gar ments ▁are ▁designed ▁tend ▁to ▁res emble ▁Il ly rian ▁anti qu ity . ▁The ▁materials ▁and ▁the ▁traditional ▁ways ▁by ▁which ▁these ▁clothes ▁have ▁been ▁made ▁throughout ▁history ▁have ▁not ▁changed ▁much . ▁The ▁util ities ▁which ▁are ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁these ▁clothes ▁are ▁character ist ically ▁Kos ov ar , ▁called ▁veg j ë ▁or ▁v ek , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁lo om ▁( res emb ling ▁the ▁English ▁spin ning ▁j en ny ▁and ▁flying ▁sh utt le ). ▁The ▁methods ▁of ▁obtain ing ▁the ▁materials ▁and ▁clothes ▁have ▁remained ▁the ▁same . ▁The ▁mot ifs ▁and ▁patterns ▁on ▁these ▁gar ments ▁can ▁be ▁explained ▁by ▁pre histor ic ▁religion . ▁Tri angles , ▁rh omb uses , ▁circles ▁and ▁cross es ▁occur ▁frequently , and ▁they ▁are ▁known ▁as ▁symbols ▁of ▁health ▁and ▁fert ility . ▁Ch rom atically , ▁there ▁are ▁three ▁main ▁colors ▁in ▁these ▁clothes , ▁the ▁most ▁symbol ic ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁red . ▁ ▁Historical |
▁origin ▁ ▁Among ▁ 1 4 0 ▁types ▁of ▁traditional ▁Alban ian ▁cost umes , ▁the ▁Pod g ur ' s ▁att ire ▁V esh ja ▁e ▁Pod g ur it ▁is ▁Kos ov ar , ▁differenti ated ▁by ▁its ▁variety ▁and ▁is ▁an ▁influence ▁in ▁all ▁other ▁regions . ▁This ▁cost ume ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁Il ly rian ▁and ▁Alban ian ▁regions ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁international ▁framework . ▁The ▁cl othing ▁items ▁consist ▁of ▁the ▁sh ir ts ▁of ▁men ▁and ▁women , ▁which ▁are ▁wide ▁sle e ved ▁with ▁a ▁narrow ▁col lar ▁which ▁was ▁button ed ▁up ▁and ▁a ▁white ▁traditional ▁hat ▁worn ▁by ▁men ▁called ▁pl is , ▁le ather ▁m oc cas ins ▁or ▁op ing a . ▁According ▁to ▁arch ae olog ists ▁of ▁the ▁Museum ▁of ▁Pr ist ina , ▁Pod g ur ' s ▁cl othing ▁dates ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁and ▁ 4 th century ▁BC . ▁However , ▁transformations ▁of ▁this ▁cost ume ▁happened ▁due ▁to ▁different ▁social ▁and ▁cultural ▁situations , ▁technical ▁invent ions ▁and ▁also ▁element ▁exchange ▁between ▁the ▁eth nic ▁groups . ▁From ▁field ▁investigation , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁reported ▁that ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 th century ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁dec ades ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th century , ▁women ' s ▁cl othing ▁went ▁through ▁morph ological ▁changes . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁look ▁consisted ▁of ▁the ▁comb ing ▁of ▁their ▁hair ▁and ▁bra |
iding ▁them . ▁They ▁also ▁wore ▁red ▁semi - s pher ical ▁sh aped ▁h ats ▁which ▁were ▁emb ell ished ▁with ▁tiny ▁gold ▁co ins . ▁Ar ound ▁the ▁crown ▁of ▁the ▁hat ▁they ▁wore ▁a ▁tight ▁la ce , ▁lid h ë se , ▁which ▁was ▁ 6 0 cm ▁long . ▁It ▁was ▁tied ▁so ▁that ▁their ▁hair ▁remained ▁hidden . ▁Mar h ama ▁is ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁material ▁which ▁was ▁worn ▁along ▁their ▁neck ▁and ▁ch in , ▁but ▁the ▁emb roid ered ▁tail ▁of ▁mar h ama ▁was ▁laid ▁down ▁along ▁the ▁right ▁shoulder , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁called ▁mas dor ja . ▁The ▁sh irt ▁was ▁of ▁foot - length ▁and ▁the ▁sle e ves ▁were ▁long ▁and ▁wide , ▁approximately ▁ 3 5 cm ▁and ▁also ▁emb roid ered . ▁S ht j ella k ë t ▁( p ë s ht j ella k ë t , ▁m b ë s ht j ella k ë t ) ▁which ▁were ▁pieces ▁of ▁material ▁that ▁res emble ▁an ▁apr on , ▁were ▁big ▁in ▁size ▁and ▁tight ▁in ▁width , ▁and ▁it ▁had ▁geomet rical ▁mot ives , ▁such ▁as ▁an ▁ax e ▁or ▁a ▁circle . ▁The ▁m oc cas ins ▁were ▁made ▁from ▁the ▁skin ▁of ▁cattle ▁and ▁kn itted ▁with ▁pieces ▁of ▁sheep ▁skin . ▁They ▁were ▁called ▁g og ish te ▁m oc cas ins . ▁As ▁bel ts , ▁they ▁wore ▁w ool en ▁material ▁called ▁sh ok ë |
▁which ▁were ▁kn itted ▁using ▁a ▁lo om . ▁It ▁was ▁of ▁ 3 cm ▁width , ▁and ▁the ▁emb roid ered ▁part ▁was ▁tied ▁on ▁the ▁back . ▁Their ▁colors ▁were ▁very ▁characteristic ▁and ▁different , ▁such ▁as ▁red , ▁green , ▁yellow ▁and ▁black . ▁Children ▁of ▁rich ▁families ▁had ▁their ▁clothes ▁kn itted ▁by ▁tail ors ▁and ▁that ▁made ▁them ▁look ▁like ▁any ▁other ▁grown ▁man . ▁From ▁pub ert y ▁and ▁on , ▁children ' s ▁cl othing ▁becomes ▁more ▁detailed . ▁In ▁this ▁age ▁boys ▁start ▁to ▁wear ▁pl is , ▁where ▁as ▁in ▁cold ▁days ▁they ▁wore ▁scar fs ▁and ▁tir q e , ▁traditional ▁white ▁w ool en ▁p ants . ▁In ▁the ▁cel ib acy ▁age ▁boys ▁wore ▁tir q e ▁( which ▁were ▁always ▁white ▁), ▁pl is ▁and ▁v ests . ▁However , ▁children ▁cl othing ▁in ▁general ▁is ▁character ized ▁by ▁its ▁simplicity . ▁It ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁kne e ▁length ▁sh irt ▁which ▁is ▁made ▁of ▁white ▁fabric ▁combined ▁with ▁vertical ▁sh ok ë ▁which ▁was ▁of ▁ch est nut ▁color . ▁The ▁we aring ▁of ▁sh ok ë ▁by ▁children ▁was ▁very ▁rare ▁; ▁it ▁was ▁only ▁worn ▁during ▁the ▁years ▁they ▁were ▁cel ib ate ▁and ▁wanted ▁to ▁impress ▁women ▁their ▁social ▁circle . ▁In ▁young ster ▁cl othing , ▁the ▁white ▁and ▁black ▁color ▁were ▁worn ▁more ▁often , ▁whereas ▁bla z ers ▁were ▁also ▁en rich ed ▁with ▁red , ▁yellow , ▁green , ▁and ▁brown |
. ▁During ▁cold ▁weather , ▁young sters ▁also ▁wore ▁a ▁certain ▁type ▁of ▁hat ▁called ▁ ▁kap ul ace . ▁It ▁was ▁made ▁of ▁w ool en ▁threads ▁which ▁were ▁sk ull - sh aped ▁and ▁they ▁covered ▁every ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁head ▁and ▁face ▁except ▁the ▁eyes ▁and ▁nose . ▁Bla z ers ▁were ▁also ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁young ster ▁att ire ▁and ▁were ▁made ▁of ▁sout ane , ▁res emb ling ▁the ▁adult ▁cost ume . ▁Boys ▁wore ▁shoulder - length ▁hair . ▁Before ▁cost umes ▁were ▁kn itted ▁by ▁tail ors , ▁the ▁models ▁were ▁first ▁cut ▁out ▁in ▁Pe ć . ▁This ▁was ▁done ▁once ▁a ▁year , ▁ ▁during ▁fall ▁or ▁winter . ▁ ▁Men ' s ▁cl othing ▁ ▁Men ' s ▁cl othing ▁was ▁the ▁symbol ▁of ▁beauty ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁This ▁att ire ▁includes ▁a ▁sh irt , ▁t ë lin at ▁which ▁were ▁long ▁brief s , ▁ ▁a ▁scar f ▁and ▁tir q e . ▁There ▁were ▁differences ▁among ▁the ▁cl othing ▁of ▁adult s , ▁based ▁on ▁their ▁econom ical ▁standing . ▁In ▁the ▁men ▁cl othing ▁framework , ▁the ▁gro om ' s ▁att ire ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁symbol ic ▁one . ▁The ▁cost ume ▁is ▁built ▁upon ▁the ▁symbol ic ▁meaning ▁of ▁starting ▁a ▁new ▁phase ▁of ▁life . ▁Men ▁of ▁Pod g ur ▁used ▁to ▁wear ▁white ▁semi - s pher ical ▁pl is . ▁Al ong ▁with ▁it ▁there ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁scar f ▁made ▁of ▁white |
▁fabric ▁which ▁consisted ▁of ▁a ▁few ▁horizontal ▁sh ok ë ▁of ▁different ▁colors . ▁This ▁scar f ▁was ▁circ led ▁around ▁pl is ▁and ▁covered ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁their ▁head ▁and ▁ears . ▁Sc ar fs ▁were ▁worn ▁by ▁men ▁of ▁older ▁age , ▁around ▁their ▁for ties . ▁Men ' s ▁sh ir ts ▁were ▁called ▁" ch est nut ▁sh ir ts " ▁because ▁they ▁were ▁made ▁of ▁horizontal ▁sh ok ë ▁of ▁ch est nut ▁color . ▁" Ch est nut ▁sh ir ts " ▁are ▁rarely ▁seen ▁today , ▁except ▁in ▁mountain ▁regions . ▁Bla z ers ▁were ▁the ▁items ▁worn ▁over ▁sh ir ts . ▁The ▁part ▁among ▁the ▁sle e ves , ▁the ▁col lar ▁and ▁arms ▁contained ▁of ▁a ▁black ▁stri pe . ▁The ▁vest ▁or ▁x ham ad ani ▁made ▁of ▁sout ane ▁was ▁wide ▁sle e ved ▁and ▁reached ▁the ▁wa ist ▁in ▁length ▁and ▁had ▁no ▁col lar . ▁It ▁was ▁button ed ▁up ▁with ▁a ▁cl asp . ▁The ▁vest ▁was ▁double - bre asted , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁of ▁black ▁color . ▁In ▁cold ▁weather , ▁they ▁used ▁to ▁wear ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁bla zer ▁called ▁mit ani ▁and ▁was ▁made ▁of ▁sout ane ▁material . ▁It ▁was ▁randomly ▁worn ▁over ▁the ▁vest ▁or ▁x ham ad ani . ▁It ▁had ▁long ▁sle e ves , ▁but ▁no ▁col lar . ▁The ▁black ▁st rap ▁covered ▁the ▁parts ▁along ▁the ▁sle e ves , ▁around ▁the ▁neck ▁and ▁along ▁the ▁el |
b ows . ▁Mit ani ▁had ▁an ▁opening ▁from ▁the ▁ar mp its ▁to ▁the ▁el b ows , ▁and ▁these ▁open ings ▁were ▁used ▁to ▁hold ▁mit ani ▁freely . ▁On ▁the ▁left ▁part , ▁a ▁small ▁pocket ▁was ▁se wn ▁where ▁men ▁used ▁to ▁keep ▁their ▁cig ars . ▁Mit ani ▁was ▁also ▁worn ▁by ▁young sters , ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁simpler ▁than ▁the ▁mit ani ▁of ▁men . ▁Among ▁the ▁traditional ▁cl othing ▁of ▁Pod g ur ' s ▁men , ▁x h ur dia ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁cl othing ▁worn ▁by ▁young ▁boys ▁is ▁mostly ▁known ▁and ▁symbol izes ▁pride . ▁It ▁was ▁made ▁of ▁sout ane ▁and ▁tail ors ▁were ▁usually ▁the ▁ones ▁who ▁made ▁it . ▁It ▁had ▁long ▁and ▁tight ▁sle e ves , ▁open - ch ested , ▁wa ist - length , ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁loose ▁part ▁at ▁the ▁back . ▁Besides ▁x h ur dia ▁there ▁is ▁also ▁jap an x h ija ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁cl othing ▁of ▁she ph erd s . ▁However , ▁it ▁was ▁also ▁worn ▁by ▁others ▁in ▁cases ▁of ▁bad ▁weather ▁or ▁long ▁jour ne ys . ▁During ▁night time , ▁it ▁was ▁also ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁cover . ▁It ▁was ▁made ▁of ▁white ▁sout ane ▁along ▁with ▁black ▁stri pes , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁also ▁sle e vel ess ▁and ▁foot - length ▁whereas ▁its ▁width ▁dep ended ▁on ▁the ▁length , ▁taking ▁form ▁into ▁a ▁cone - sh aped ▁model . |
▁Al ong ▁the ▁bel t ▁the ▁red ▁sh ok ë ▁was ▁worn ▁which ▁was ▁older ▁than ▁the ▁color ful ▁sh ok ë . ▁Its ▁length ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁long ▁enough ▁to ▁be ▁wrapped ▁around ▁the ▁wa ist ▁ 5 ▁times . ▁T ë lin at ▁or ▁the ▁long ▁brief s ▁were ▁made ▁of ▁lin en , ▁from ▁which ▁their ▁name ▁origin ates . ▁Later ▁on ▁these ▁long ▁brief s ▁were ▁also ▁made ▁of ▁fabric ▁using ▁a ▁lo om . ▁The ▁edges ▁were ▁emb roid ered ▁and ▁were ▁ 2 0 cm ▁wide . ▁During ▁summer ▁time ▁men ▁used ▁to ▁wear ▁t ël ina ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁sh irt ▁which ▁was ▁called ▁the ▁sh irt ▁of ▁t ire . ▁Sh ok ë ▁was ▁tied ▁around ▁the ▁wa ist , ▁making ▁the ▁sh irt ▁res emble ▁a ▁k ilt . ▁Tir q e ▁were ▁made ▁of ▁sout ane , ▁which ▁varied ▁in ▁quality ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁cord ▁it ▁contained . ▁Tir q e ▁of ▁high ▁quality ▁contained ▁ 2 0 ▁threads ▁of ▁cord . ▁Where as , ▁the ▁one ▁ones ▁with ▁lower ▁quality ▁had ▁ 2 - 3 ▁threads ▁of ▁cord . ▁The ▁econom ical ▁status ▁determined ▁which ▁ones ▁they ▁wore . ▁Nevertheless , ▁tradition ally ▁white ▁tir q e ▁with ▁black ▁c ords ▁were ▁worn ▁in ▁Pod g ur . ▁Black ▁tir q e ▁were ▁s eld om ▁worn ▁by ▁young ▁boys ▁but ▁they ▁were ▁considered ▁inf am ous ▁because ▁they ▁were ▁worn ▁during ▁the ▁night ▁in ▁order ▁not ▁to ▁attract |
▁attention . ▁The ▁so cks ▁that ▁they ▁wore ▁were ▁made ▁of ▁sheep ▁w ool ▁and ▁were ▁from ▁the ▁toe ▁g ore ▁to ▁the ▁he el ▁and ▁sometimes ▁kne e ▁- length . ▁Some ▁people ▁used ▁to ▁wear ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁short ▁so cks ▁called ▁m este ▁over ▁the ▁previous ▁ones . ▁They ▁were ▁made ▁of ▁the ▁w ool ▁and ▁skin ▁of ▁b ull , ▁whereas ▁the ▁m oc cas ins ▁were ▁made ▁of ▁sheep ▁skin . ▁After ▁The ▁Second ▁World ▁War , ▁m oc cas ins ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁threads ▁of ▁different ▁t ies ▁and ▁cot ton . ▁Instead ▁of ▁op ing a ▁they ▁were ▁called ▁y r nek . ▁Men ▁used ▁to ▁wear ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁access ories ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁such ▁as ▁rings , ▁q yst ek ▁t ë ▁sah at it ▁or ▁otherwise ▁known ▁as ▁pocket ▁watch es , ▁etc . ▁We ap ons ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁considered ▁as ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁men ' s ▁access ory , ▁and ▁the ▁revol ver ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁common . ▁Sim p licity ▁is ▁what ▁character izes ▁the ▁att ire ▁of ▁old ▁men . ▁Their ▁most ▁important ▁item ▁of ▁cl othing ▁was ▁G ox h uf i , ▁which ▁was ▁type ▁of ▁a ▁vest ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁made ▁of ▁l amb ▁skin . ▁It ▁had ▁a ▁sle e vel ess ▁design ▁and ▁sometimes ▁was ▁kne e ▁length . ▁They ▁were ▁revers ible ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁climate . ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁cl othing ▁Girls ' ▁cl othing ▁ ▁Even ▁though ▁young |
▁girls ' ▁cost umes ▁are ▁not ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁very ▁specific ▁or ▁unique , ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁the ▁women ' s ▁att ire , ▁these ▁cost umes ▁have ▁gone ▁through ▁many ▁transformations ▁during ▁their ▁time ▁being . ▁A ▁part ▁of ▁girls ' ▁look ▁was ▁their ▁ha irst yle ▁which ▁res emble d ▁that ▁of ▁boys . ▁The ▁sh ir ts ▁they ▁wore ▁were ▁the ▁same ▁as ▁those ▁of ▁women , ▁although ▁they ▁were ▁quite ▁more ▁simple . ▁They ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁wear ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁tight ▁sk irt ▁called ▁p ë s ht j ell ci ▁which ▁was ▁kne e - length ▁and ▁made ▁of ▁w ool en ▁threads ▁using ▁a ▁lo om . ▁During ▁the ▁last ▁few ▁years , ▁these ▁sk ir ts ▁were ▁also ▁made ▁of ▁lin en ▁threads . ▁At ▁the ▁edge ▁of ▁the ▁sk irt , ▁different ▁fl oral ▁designs ▁are ▁emb roid ered , ▁symbol izing ▁youth ▁and ▁vital ity . The ir ▁m oc cas ins ▁were ▁identical ▁to ▁those ▁of ▁women . ▁Trad itional ▁cl othing ▁of ▁young ▁girls ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁completely ▁preserved ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁transition ▁to ▁modern ism . ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁cl othing ▁ ▁The ▁transformation ▁of ▁women ' s ▁att ire ▁mainly ▁happened ▁between ▁the ▁years ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁and ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁The ▁semi - s pher ical ▁sh aped ▁h ats ▁with ▁gold ▁coin ▁emb roid ery ▁were ▁replaced ▁with ▁la ces , ▁called ▁lid h sa . ▁In ▁the ▁region ▁of ▁Ist ok , ▁these |
▁la ces ▁were ▁called ▁hot oz . ▁The ▁fabric ▁sh irt ▁was ▁also ▁to ▁change ▁its ▁structure ▁during ▁this ▁period ▁of ▁time . ▁Instead ▁of ▁the ▁fabric ▁sh ir ts , ▁k ë m ish a ▁e ▁arr ë s ▁which ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁men ' s ▁cl othing ▁was ▁being ▁used ▁more ▁often . ▁The ▁sle e ves ▁were ▁short ened ▁to ▁the ▁el b ows ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁also ▁tight ened . ▁When ▁the ▁sle e ves ▁were ▁short ened , ▁a ▁different ▁type ▁of ▁material ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁cover ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁pal m ▁and ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁el bow . ▁These ▁were ▁made ▁of ▁w ool en ▁thread ▁and ▁were ▁known ▁as ▁m ë ng ë t ▁or ▁sle e ves . ▁O ften , ▁they ▁were ▁kn itted ▁using ▁different ▁colors . ▁ ▁Mit ani ▁also ▁went ▁through ▁changes ; ▁it ▁had ▁long ▁sle e ves ▁and ▁a ▁tight ▁col lar . ▁It ▁was ▁wa ist - length ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁deep ▁pur ple . ▁It ▁was ▁usually ▁sold ▁by ▁tail ors . ▁The ▁vest , ▁which ▁is ▁consider ably ▁new ▁in ▁the ▁traditional ▁cl othing ▁of ▁women , ▁was ▁sle e vel ess . ▁It ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁col lar , ▁and ▁its ▁mot ifs ▁were ▁solar ▁and ▁lun ar . ▁The ▁material ▁which ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁kn it ▁these ▁v ests ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁coh a ▁and ▁was ▁sold ▁by ▁tail ors ▁of ▁Pe ć , ▁Kos ov ska ▁Mit rov ica |
▁and ▁ Đ akov ica . ▁During ▁different ▁jour ne ys , ▁women ▁used ▁to ▁wear ▁jack ets ▁called ▁g una ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁made ▁of ▁w ool en ▁thread . ▁It ▁was ▁kne e - length , ▁wide - s lee ved ▁and ▁the ▁parts ▁along ▁the ▁neck ▁were ▁emb roid ered ▁with ▁threads ▁of ▁black ▁cord . ▁Women ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁wear ▁fur ▁which ▁was ▁s eld om ▁that ▁of ▁sheep ▁and ▁known ▁as ▁' g ala '. ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁sle e vel ess ▁item ▁of ▁cl othing . ▁T ë lin at ▁remained ▁mostly ▁the ▁same , ▁except ▁of ▁the ▁kam z ave ▁which ▁were ▁pieces ▁of ▁th icker ▁material ▁and ▁covered ▁the ▁kne es . ▁They ▁were ▁usually ▁decor ated ▁with ▁different ▁kinds ▁of ▁emb roid ery . ▁So cks ▁were ▁made ▁out ▁of ▁thick ▁w ool en ▁sheep ▁thread ▁and ▁were ▁emb ell ished ▁along ▁the ▁pul ps . ▁These ▁emb ell ish ments ▁differenti ated ▁due ▁to ▁age . ▁Trad itional ▁cl othing ▁of ▁women ▁consisted ▁of ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁access ories , ▁such ▁as ▁ear r ings , ▁bra ce lets ▁and ▁rings . ▁ ▁E lder ly ▁women ' s ▁cl othing ▁ ▁The ▁differences ▁between ▁the ▁att ire ▁of ▁elder ly ▁women ▁and ▁those ▁of ▁younger ▁ones ▁are ▁the ▁same ▁as ▁the ▁differences ▁between ▁elder ly ▁and ▁young ▁men . ▁Their ▁main ▁characteristic ▁is ▁the ▁simplicity ▁of ▁their ▁cl othing . ▁Ex cept ▁for ▁the ▁differences ▁between ▁group ▁ages , ▁the ▁att ire |
▁has ▁also ▁changed ▁based ▁on ▁occasions . ▁In ▁wed d ings ▁and ▁other ▁happy ▁occasions , ▁new ▁cl othing ▁was ▁worn , ▁whereas ▁in ▁fun er als , ▁a ▁specific ▁cost ume ▁was ▁worn , ▁known ▁as ▁v esh ja ▁e ▁Har cit . ▁ ▁Types ▁of ▁traditional ▁cl othing ▁in ▁Kos ovo ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁cl othing ▁Women ' s ▁cl othing ▁is ▁better ▁preserved ▁than ▁the ▁men ' s ▁in ▁the ▁regions ▁of ▁Kos ovo . ▁There ▁are ▁regional ▁variations ▁of ▁the ▁women ' s ▁app arel . ▁ ▁P ë s ht j ella k ▁cl othing ▁The ▁most ▁famous ▁app arel ▁was ▁called ▁‘ ' p ë s ht j ella k ' ’ ▁which ▁consistent ▁of ▁a ▁long ▁white ▁sh irt , ▁and ▁two ▁‘ ' p ë s ht j ella k ' ’ ▁( a ▁white ▁apr on ), ▁the ▁front ▁and ▁the ▁back ▁one . ▁‘ ' p ë s ht j ella ku ▁i ▁par m ë ' ’ , ▁or ▁the ▁front ▁apr on ▁is ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁the ▁sh irt , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁tail ored ▁to ▁fit ▁the ▁woman ' s ▁hip . ▁‘ ' p ë s ht j ella ku ▁i ▁pas ë m ' ’ , ▁the ▁back ▁apr on ▁was ▁shorter ▁than ▁the ▁front ▁one . ▁Other ▁components ▁of ▁this ▁cl othing ▁were ▁: ▁‘ ' t ël ina ' t ’ ▁( trad itional ▁under we ar ), ▁‘ ' je le ku ' ’ |
▁– res emb les ▁a ▁short ▁vest ▁which ▁was ▁emb roid ered , ▁‘ ' sh ok ë ’ ' ▁a ▁large ▁w ool en ▁material ▁cir cling ▁the ▁wa ist , ▁traditional ▁black ▁so cks , ▁and ▁different ▁color ▁head ▁scar ves . ▁Access ories ▁were ▁very ▁popular ▁among ▁women ▁– ▁golden ▁and ▁silver ▁neck laces , ▁bra ce lets ▁and ▁rings . ▁The ▁so cks ▁were ▁tradition ally ▁black , ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁worn ▁with ▁sho es ▁called ▁‘ ' op ing a ' ’ , ▁made ▁of ▁different ▁animals ’ ▁skin . ▁ ▁X h ub le ta ▁cl othing ▁ ▁Another ▁equival ently ▁famous ▁app arel ▁is ▁the ▁ ▁X h ub le ta - cl othing . ▁A ▁x h ub le ta ▁is ▁a ▁bell ▁w avy ▁sk irt ▁which ▁is ▁held ▁by ▁two ▁stra ps ▁on ▁the ▁shoulders , ▁worn ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁a ▁long ▁sle e ved ▁white ▁lin en ▁sh irt . ▁It ’ s ▁texture ▁consists ▁of ▁long ▁susp ended ▁long ▁black ▁stra ps ▁et ched ▁in ▁the ▁material , ▁which ▁was ▁usually ▁ch est nut ▁vel vet . ▁The ▁so cks ▁and ▁sho es ▁were ▁the ▁same ▁as ▁the ▁p ë s ht j ella k ▁cl othing . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁R ug ova ▁region ▁( K os ov ar ▁West ) ▁the ▁x h ub le ta ▁cl othing ▁was ▁worn ▁especially ▁after ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War . ▁ ▁D uk ag j ini ▁cl othing ▁V esh ja ▁e |
▁D uk ag j init ▁consisted ▁of ▁a ▁long ▁sle e ved , ▁full ▁length ▁white ▁sh irt . ▁The ▁t ël ina ▁are ▁also ▁of ▁cot ton , ▁but ▁their ▁edges ▁are ▁color fully ▁emb roid ered . ▁From ▁the ▁wa ist ▁up , ▁women ▁wore ▁a ▁sle e vel ess ▁vest ▁decor ated ▁by ▁golden ▁threads , ▁which ▁was ▁open ▁to ▁the ▁front ▁and ▁it ▁would ▁button ▁by ▁beautiful ▁clas ps . ▁The ▁two ▁p ë s ht j ella k ▁are ▁also ▁a ▁characteristic ▁of ▁this ▁cl othing . ▁The ▁so cks ▁were ▁w ool en , ▁and ▁the ▁‘ ' op ing a ' ’ ▁were ▁made ▁of ▁cattle ▁skin . ▁ ▁The ▁decor ative ▁mot ifs ▁of ▁this ▁region ’ s ▁cl othing ▁are ▁zo ological , ▁botan ical ▁and ▁geomet rical . ▁The ▁mot if ▁of ▁the ▁s nake , ▁ro oster , ▁and ▁the ▁Sun ▁is ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁ancient ▁belief s ▁of ▁the ▁Il ly rian ▁pag ans . ▁This ▁gar ment ▁was ▁by ▁default ▁different ▁for ▁br ides , ▁who ▁had ▁sle e ves ▁emb roid ered ▁by ▁asym met rical ▁patterns ▁of ▁non ▁distinct ive ▁colors . ▁ ▁Has ▁cl othing ▁ ▁The ▁cl othing ▁of ▁the ▁southern ▁region ▁of ▁Has ▁is ▁among ▁the ▁distinct ive ▁types ▁of ▁cl othing ▁in ▁Kos ovo . ▁This ▁gar ment ▁is ▁commonly ▁found ▁today , ▁as ▁it ▁has ▁surv ived ▁and ▁emb rac ed ▁the ▁changes ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁styles . ▁A ▁short ▁white ▁sh irt |
▁and ▁a ▁white ▁lin en ▁full ▁– length ▁dress ▁are ▁the ▁main ▁components ▁of ▁the ▁look . ▁Long ▁white ▁brief s ▁served ▁as ▁under we ar , ▁the ▁traditional ▁p ë s ht j ella k ▁was ▁slightly ▁wider ▁than ▁in ▁other ▁regions . ▁The ▁je lek ▁( vest ) ▁was ▁en rich ed ▁with ▁be ads , ▁mostly ▁red . ▁It ▁could ▁also ▁contain ▁golden ▁threads . ▁For ▁formal ▁events , ▁they ▁wore ▁a ▁small ▁hat ▁decor ated ▁with ▁be ads ▁and ▁golden ▁stud s . ▁The ▁so cks ▁in ▁this ▁cost ume ▁were ▁white , ▁differently ▁from ▁other ▁cost umes ’ . ▁ ▁Men ' s ▁cl othing ▁ ▁Men ' s ▁cl othing ▁was ▁less ▁preserved , ▁however ▁throughout ▁the ▁years ▁it ▁appears ▁as ▁more ▁un ified . ▁Men ' s ▁gar ments ▁did ▁not ▁change ▁much ▁from ▁region ▁to ▁region . ▁One ▁popular ▁out fit ▁was ▁the ▁one ▁with ▁‘ ' f ust an elle ’ ' ▁( a ▁version ▁of ▁a ▁k ilt ) ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁the ▁First ▁B alk an ic ▁war . ▁The ▁most ▁popular ▁was ▁the ▁‘ ' t ir qi ’ ' ▁app arel . ▁The ▁full ▁look ▁had ▁elements ▁which ▁are ▁similar ▁to ▁women ' s ▁( white ▁sh irt , ▁t ël ina , ▁sh ok ë , ▁so cks , ▁op ing a , ▁je lek ▁( vest ) ▁), how ever ▁the ▁tir qi ▁( ▁w ool en ▁white ▁p ants ) ▁were ▁only ▁a ▁characteristic |
▁of ▁men ' s ▁cl othing . ▁The ▁sh irt ▁and ▁the ▁‘ tl ina ’ ▁brief s ▁were ▁exclus ively ▁white . ▁The ▁sh ir ts ’ ▁coll ars ’ ▁were ▁T - sh aped , ▁and ▁the ▁sle e ves ▁of ▁their ▁sh ir ts ▁had ▁white ▁simple ▁emb roid ery . ▁From ▁the ▁wa ist ▁up , ▁men ▁wore ▁either ▁je lek ( vest ) ▁or ▁x ham ad an , ▁a ▁traditional ▁w ool en ▁west ▁which ▁was ▁usually ▁white ▁but ▁was ▁also ▁found ▁in ▁dark ▁colors . ▁Men ' s ▁access ories ▁were ▁the ▁' ‘ g aj tan ' ’ ▁– ▁a ▁long ▁black ▁cord , ▁decor ated ▁push ▁buttons ▁in ▁their ▁je lek ▁and ▁x ham ad an ë , ▁and ▁met all ic ▁clas ps . ▁These ▁v ests ▁were ▁designed ▁in ▁such ▁a ▁way ▁that ▁enabled ▁the ▁bear er ▁to ▁move ▁their ▁hands ▁freely , ▁and ▁the ▁sle e ves ▁hung ▁lo os ely ▁back . ▁The ▁tir qi ▁were ▁always ▁decor ated ▁around ▁the ▁wa ist , ▁po ckets ▁and ▁vert ically ▁in ▁length ▁with ▁black ▁se ams . ▁Men ▁wore ▁w ool en ▁white ▁so cks ▁and ▁cattle ▁skin ▁sho es . ▁In ▁their ▁heads ▁they ▁wore ▁pl is , ▁w ool en ▁caps , ▁and ▁mar h ama , ▁a ▁large ▁white ▁scar f ▁which ▁enc ir cles ▁the ▁head ▁and ▁the ▁neck , ▁covering ▁the ▁pl is . ▁The ▁mar h ama ▁origin ated ▁from ▁Il ly ri ans . |
▁Other ▁access ories ▁were ▁q yst ek , ▁a ▁large ▁golden ▁chain ▁which ▁they ▁put ▁across ▁their ▁shoulders , ▁sah ati - ▁a ▁pocket watch , ▁a ▁cig aret te ▁box ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁car ved ▁l ighter ▁and ▁different ▁silver ▁rings . ▁Occ asion ally , ▁men ▁held ▁guns ▁in ▁their ▁sh ok ë . ▁The ▁differences ▁these ▁clothes ▁had ▁from ▁region ▁to ▁region ▁were ▁little ▁– ▁they ▁might ▁have ▁been ▁worn ▁more ▁tight ly ▁or ▁lo os ely , ▁the ▁decor ations ▁in ▁their ▁tir qi ▁might ▁have ▁been ▁decor ated ▁with ▁th icker ▁or ▁th inner ▁se ams . ▁There ▁were ▁decor ations ▁which ▁imp lied ▁certain ▁economic ▁status , ▁social ▁status ▁or ▁soci etal ▁hierarchy . ▁For ▁example , ▁ 3 ▁golden ▁threads ▁in ▁tir qi ▁imp lied ▁cel ib acy , ▁whereas ▁ 1 2 ▁golden ▁threads ▁imp lied ▁wed lock . ▁ 2 4 ▁golden ▁threads ▁imp lied ▁wealth ▁and ▁power , ▁and ▁the ▁most ▁occurr ing ▁were ▁in ▁older ▁men . ▁ ▁Trad itional ▁cl othing ▁based ▁on ▁Reg ions ▁ ▁L lap ▁cl othing ▁ ▁The ▁region ▁of ▁Pod uje vo ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁N ort he astern ▁Kos ovo . ▁Its ▁tradition ▁of ▁cl othing ▁has ▁not ▁surv ived ▁the ▁modern ization ▁of ▁cl othing ▁and ▁the ▁components ▁of ▁this ▁look ▁have ▁become ▁artifact s . ▁The ▁latest ▁version ▁of ▁this ▁cl othing ▁which ▁are ▁remembered ▁consisted ▁of ▁‘ ' t ir qi ’ ' ▁cl othing ▁for ▁men ▁and ▁‘ ' p ë |
s ht j ella k ’ ' ▁cl othing ▁for ▁women . ▁The ▁items ▁of ▁cl othing ▁compos ing ▁this ▁app arel ▁were ▁somewhat ▁similar ▁to ▁other ▁regions ’ ▁cl othing ▁– ▁tir qi , ▁je lek , ▁sh oka , ▁pl isi , ▁mar h ama ▁and ▁common ▁access ories ▁such ▁as ▁‘ ' q yst ek ’ '- ▁pocket ▁watch , ▁car ved ▁met all ic ▁cig aret te ▁box ▁for ▁men ▁and ▁' ‘ p ë s ht j ella k ’ ', ▁white ▁sh ir ts , ▁' ‘ t ël ina ’ ', ▁‘ ' sh oka ’ ', ▁‘ ' op ing a ' ’ ▁- ▁m oc cas ins ▁and ▁head ▁scar ves ▁for ▁women . ▁Women ▁generally ▁wore ▁more ▁access ories ▁compared ▁to ▁other ▁regions ▁of ▁Kos ovo ▁and ▁their ▁sh ir ts ▁had ▁more ▁emb roid ering ▁with ▁v ivid ▁colors . B oth ▁men ’ s ▁and ▁women ’ s ▁cl othing ▁imp lied ▁the ▁bear er ’ s ▁so cio e conom ic ▁standing , ▁based ▁on ▁what ▁quality ▁of ▁material , ▁quantity ▁of ▁emb roid ery , ▁choice ▁of ▁colors , ▁and ▁ultimately ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁golden ▁threads ▁one ▁had ▁et ched ▁on ▁the ▁back ▁of ▁their ▁sh ir ts ▁or ▁‘ ' mit an ' ’ . ▁F ew ▁remaining ▁pro tot ypes ▁of ▁this ▁app arel ▁are ▁now ad ays ▁preserved ▁in ▁the ▁Historical ▁Museum ▁of ▁Pr ist ina . ▁ ▁Kar ad ak ▁cl othing ▁ ▁Men ' |
s ▁cl othing ▁Men ' s ▁cl othing ▁of ▁Kar ad ak ▁consists ▁of ▁the ▁sh irt , ▁t ë lin at , ▁vest , ▁mit ani , ▁x h ur dia , ▁fur , ▁so cks , ▁m oc cas ins , ▁pl is ▁and ▁different ▁access ories ▁such ▁as ▁pocket ▁watch es , ▁cig aret te ▁boxes ▁and ▁weapons . ▁Sh ok ë ▁of ▁young ▁boys ▁was ▁wh iter ▁and ▁it ▁contained ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁emb roid ery , ▁whereas ▁sh oka ▁of ▁older ▁men ▁was ▁mar oon . ▁Sh ir ts ▁of ▁young ▁boys ▁and ▁elder ly ▁men ▁differ ed ▁in ▁width ▁and ▁length . ▁The ▁so cks ▁that ▁were ▁worn ▁by ▁the ▁younger ▁ones ▁were ▁decor ated ▁with ▁different ▁colors , ▁whereas ▁those ▁of ▁old ▁men ▁were ▁simpler . ▁Tir qi ▁of ▁young sters ▁and ▁the ▁so - called ▁ag z ona ▁men ▁( ▁ep ith et ▁of ▁courage ▁and ▁pride ▁), ▁were ▁of ▁the ▁color ▁black . ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁cl othing ▁Now ad ays , ▁in ▁this ▁region ▁Muslim s ▁and ▁Christians ▁all ▁wear ▁the ▁so - called ▁V esh je ▁me ▁dim i ▁( ▁traditional ▁emb roid ered ▁p ants ▁similar ▁to ▁p ant alo ons ▁). ▁The ▁cl othing ▁that ▁is ▁worn ▁today ▁is ▁similar ▁with ▁the ▁cl othing ▁that ▁was ▁worn ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁which ▁consists ▁of ▁ ▁t ël ina , ▁dim i , ▁sh irt , ▁vest , ▁mit ani , ▁p ë |
s ht j ella k , ▁so cks , ▁m oc cas ins , ▁head - scar f , ▁and ▁access ories ▁such ▁as ▁ear r ings , ▁bra ce lets , ▁rings , ▁neck laces ▁and ▁clas ps . ▁V esh ja ▁me ▁dim i ▁consists ▁of ▁p ë s ht j ella k , ▁ ▁made ▁out ▁of ▁fur ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁item ▁of ▁the ▁app arel ▁and ▁a ▁sh irt ▁which ▁is ▁made ▁out ▁of ▁sil k ▁or ▁cot ton ▁fabric . ▁ ▁References ▁General ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Specific ▁ ▁Category : K os ovan ▁culture ▁Kos ovo <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Abs int he ▁Dr ink er ▁or ▁The ▁Abs int he ▁Dr ink ers ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁The ▁Abs int he ▁Dr ink ers ▁( film ), ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁film ▁The ▁Abs int he ▁Dr ink er ▁( Man et ), ▁a ▁painting ▁by ▁Éd ou ard ▁Man et ▁Port rait ▁of ▁Angel ▁Fern ande z ▁de ▁S oto ▁or ▁The ▁Abs int he ▁Dr ink er , ▁a ▁painting ▁by ▁Pablo ▁Pic asso ▁The ▁Abs int he ▁Dr ink er ▁, ▁a ▁painting ▁by ▁Vik tor ▁Ol iva ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁L ' Ab s int he , ▁a ▁painting ▁by ▁Ed gar ▁D eg as <0x0A> </s> ▁Robert ▁Cic ch ini ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁film ▁and ▁television ▁actor ▁and ▁director . ▁ ▁Among ▁Cic ch ini ' s ▁film ▁appearances ▁are ▁his ▁roles ▁as ▁Lou ▁P enn ino , ▁Vincent ▁Cor |
le one ' s ▁body guard , ▁in ▁The ▁God father ▁Part ▁III ▁( 1 9 9 0 ), ▁Bill ▁Gu id one ▁in ▁Light ▁S le eper ▁( 1 9 9 2 ), ▁Jimmy ▁O z io ▁in ▁Primary ▁Colors ▁( 1 9 9 8 ), ▁and ▁Mitch ▁Cas per ▁in ▁The ▁Watch er ▁( 2 0 0 0 ). ▁ ▁On ▁television ▁he ▁has ▁played ▁rec urr ing ▁roles ▁on ▁Maybe ▁This ▁Time ▁( as ▁Nick ▁Sr .), ▁Prov idence ▁( as ▁Alex ▁M endo za ), ▁ 2 4 ▁( as ▁Howard ▁Bern ) ▁and ▁Six ▁Fe et ▁Under ▁( as ▁Tod d ). ▁Other ▁television ▁appearances ▁include ▁episodes ▁of ▁Law ▁& ▁Order , ▁ER , ▁Chicago ▁Hope , ▁The ▁S op ran os , ▁NY PD ▁Blue , ▁Gil more ▁Girls , ▁C SI : ▁Crime ▁Sc ene ▁Investig ation , ▁Every body ▁H ates ▁Chris ▁and ▁others . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : American ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : American ▁male ▁television ▁actors ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M ale ▁actors ▁from ▁Michigan ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁G abe ▁Miller ▁( born ▁December ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 8 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁American ▁football ▁line back er . ▁He ▁was ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Kansas ▁City ▁Chief s ▁in ▁the ▁fifth ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁NFL ▁D raft . ▁Miller ▁played ▁college ▁football ▁as ▁a ▁def |
ensive ▁end ▁and ▁tight ▁end ▁at ▁Oregon ▁State ▁University . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Seattle ▁Se ah aw ks , ▁Chicago ▁B ears , ▁and ▁Washington ▁Red sk ins . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁ ▁Kansas ▁City ▁Chief s ▁Miller ▁was ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁Kansas ▁City ▁Chief s ▁in ▁the ▁fifth ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁NFL ▁D raft . ▁Having ▁played ▁the ▁def ensive ▁end ▁position ▁in ▁college , ▁he ▁was ▁converted ▁to ▁a ▁line back er . ▁ ▁Seattle ▁Se ah aw ks ▁On ▁September ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Miller ▁was ▁signed ▁to ▁the ▁practice ▁squad ▁of ▁the ▁Seattle ▁Se ah aw ks , ▁where ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁tight ▁end ▁position . ▁ ▁Chicago ▁B ears ▁Miller ▁was ▁signed ▁to ▁the ▁B ears ▁practice ▁squad ▁after ▁the ▁departure ▁of ▁D ed rick ▁E pp s . ▁On ▁June ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Miller ▁was ▁susp ended ▁for ▁four ▁games ▁by ▁the ▁league ▁for ▁viol ating ▁the ▁league ' s ▁subst ance ▁policy . ▁He ▁was ▁eventually ▁released ▁by ▁the ▁team ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Washington ▁Red sk ins ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Miller ▁was ▁signed ▁to ▁the ▁practice ▁squad ▁of ▁the ▁Washington ▁Red sk ins . ▁He ▁signed ▁a ▁reserve / f uture ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁team ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 |
1 3 . ▁After ▁sp ending ▁the ▁last ▁two ▁years ▁playing ▁tight ▁end , ▁the ▁Red sk ins ▁converted ▁him ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁outside ▁line back er ▁position . ▁On ▁September ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁wa ived ▁by ▁the ▁Red sk ins , ▁but ▁re - signed ▁to ▁their ▁practice ▁squad ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 9 . ▁He ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁the ▁active ▁ro ster ▁on ▁December ▁ 6 . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁he ▁was ▁wa ived ▁by ▁the ▁Red sk ins . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Oregon ▁State ▁Be a vers ▁bio ▁Chicago ▁B ears ▁bio ▁Washington ▁Red sk ins ▁bio ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁football ▁def ensive ▁ends ▁Category : American ▁football ▁line back ers ▁Category : American ▁football ▁tight ▁ends ▁Category : Ch icago ▁B ears ▁players ▁Category : K ansas ▁City ▁Chief s ▁players ▁Category : L ake ▁O sw ego ▁High ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : O regon ▁State ▁Be a vers ▁football ▁players ▁Category : Play ers ▁of ▁American ▁football ▁from ▁Oregon ▁Category : Se attle ▁Se ah aw ks ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Lake ▁O sw ego , ▁Oregon ▁Category : W ashington ▁Red sk ins ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Bu ce ph ala ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Bu ce ph ala ▁( bird ), ▁the ▁golden ey e , ▁a |
▁du ck ▁genus ▁ ▁Bu ce ph ala ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁cities : ▁ ▁Bu ce ph ala , ▁or ▁Alexand ria ▁Bu ce phal us , ▁a ▁city ▁founded ▁by ▁Alexander ▁the ▁Great ▁and ▁named ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁his ▁horse , ▁Bu ce phal us ▁ ▁Bu ce ph ala ▁Ac ra , ▁a ▁city ▁located ▁on ▁a ▁prom ont ory ▁near ▁Tro e zen ▁in ▁the ▁Arg olid ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Bu ce phal us ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁Category : T ax onomy ▁dis ambiguation ▁pages <0x0A> </s> ▁Ar ês ▁is ▁a ▁municipality ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Rio ▁Grande ▁do ▁Norte ▁in ▁the ▁N ortheast ▁region ▁of ▁Brazil . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁municipal ities ▁in ▁Rio ▁Grande ▁do ▁Norte ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M unicip al ities ▁in ▁Rio ▁Grande ▁do ▁Norte <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁In noc ent ▁was ▁the ▁band ▁Tr ent ▁Re zn or ▁of ▁N ine ▁In ch ▁N ails ▁played ▁with ▁after ▁leaving ▁Option ▁ 3 0 . ▁He ▁then ▁moved ▁on ▁to ▁the ▁Ex otic ▁Bird s ▁before ▁creating ▁his ▁own ▁band , ▁N ine ▁In ch ▁N ails . ▁The ▁other ▁members ▁were ▁Alan ▁Green blatt ▁( as ▁Alan ▁Gre ene ), ▁Kevin ▁Valent ine , ▁Rod ney ▁C aj ka ▁( as ▁Rod ney ▁Ps y ka ) ▁and ▁Alb rit ton ▁McC lain . ▁Valent ine ▁and ▁McC lain ▁were ▁both ▁members ▁of ▁Don nie ▁I ris ▁and ▁the ▁Cru is ers , ▁and |
▁they ▁had ▁just ▁recently ▁opt ed ▁to ▁go ▁on ▁their ▁own ▁way ▁from ▁the ▁band . ▁ ▁The ▁band ' s ▁sole ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁the ▁regional ▁Red ▁Label ▁Records . ▁ ▁After ▁re le asing ▁their ▁only ▁album , ▁Liv in ' ▁in ▁the ▁Street , ▁Re zn or ▁left ▁the ▁band . ▁He ▁joined ▁Ex otic ▁Bird s ▁and ▁contributed ▁to ▁the ▁local ▁band ▁S lam ▁B am bo o , ▁before ▁eventually ▁forming ▁N ine ▁In ch ▁N ails . ▁ ▁Liv in ' ▁in ▁the ▁Street ▁ ▁" L iv in ' ▁in ▁the ▁Street " ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 7 ▁" Fre ew ay ▁R ide " ▁– ▁ 4 : 0 8 ▁" D ora " ▁– ▁ 4 : 4 1 ▁" With ▁You " ▁– ▁ 3 : 5 0 ▁" He art zone " ▁– ▁ 4 : 5 7 ▁" Top ▁Secret " ▁– ▁ 4 : 0 1 ▁" L ove ' ll ▁Come ▁Kno ck in '" ▁– ▁ 4 : 3 9 ▁" Back ▁in ▁My ▁Life " ▁– ▁ 4 : 1 0 ▁* On ▁some ▁ed itions ▁of ▁the ▁album , ▁this ▁track ▁is ▁un list ed ▁and ▁" Que en ▁Of ▁The ▁Border " ▁is ▁listed ▁as ▁the ▁e ighth ▁track ▁in ▁its ▁stead . ▁" Que en ▁of ▁the ▁Border " ▁– ▁ 4 : 4 2 ▁" The ▁Names ▁Have ▁Be en ▁Ch anged " ▁– ▁ 3 : 4 3 ▁ ▁References |
▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Disc ography ▁at ▁ 9 in chn ails . com ▁ ▁Category : Tr ent ▁Re zn or ▁Category : American ▁gl am ▁metal ▁musical ▁groups ▁Category : American ▁hard ▁rock ▁musical ▁groups ▁Category : American ▁pop ▁rock ▁music ▁groups ▁Category : He avy ▁metal ▁musical ▁groups ▁from ▁Ohio ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁Cleveland <0x0A> </s> ▁Wilson ▁dos ▁Santos ▁( born ▁ 9 ▁December ▁ 1 9 5 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Brazil ian ▁spr inter . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁ 4 0 0 ▁metres ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : A th let es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : B raz ilian ▁male ▁spr inter s ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁athlet es ▁of ▁Brazil ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Joseph ▁F . ▁Far rell ▁▁ ▁( 1 8 5 7 ▁– ▁April ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 8 9 3 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁professional ▁baseball ▁player ▁whose ▁career ▁sp anned ▁from ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁to ▁ 1 8 8 8 . ▁ ▁Far rell ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Brook lyn , |
▁New ▁York , ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 7 . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁four ▁seasons ▁in ▁Major ▁League ▁Baseball , ▁princip ally ▁as ▁a ▁third ▁bas eman , ▁for ▁the ▁Detroit ▁Wol ver ines ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁League ▁from ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁to ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁ ▁Baltimore ▁Ori oles ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Association ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 6 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 3 , ▁he ▁led ▁the ▁National ▁League ▁in ▁games ▁played ▁at ▁third ▁base ▁( 1 0 1 ) ▁and ▁ranked ▁second ▁among ▁the ▁league ' s ▁third ▁bas emen ▁with ▁ 2 4 8 ▁ass ists ▁and ▁third ▁with ▁ 1 3 ▁double ▁plays ▁and ▁a ▁range ▁factor ▁of ▁ 3 . 5 5 . ▁ ▁Ac ross ▁all ▁four ▁of ▁his ▁major ▁league ▁seasons , ▁Far rell ▁appeared ▁in ▁ 3 5 3 ▁games , ▁ 2 8 0 ▁as ▁a ▁third ▁bas eman ▁and ▁ 6 3 ▁as ▁a ▁second ▁bas eman , ▁nine ▁as ▁a ▁short stop ▁and ▁two ▁as ▁an ▁out f iel der . ▁ ▁He ▁compiled ▁a ▁. 2 3 2 ▁career ▁batt ing ▁average , ▁scored ▁ 1 8 7 ▁runs , ▁and ▁tot aled ▁ 6 3 ▁extra ▁base ▁hits , ▁including ▁ 1 5 ▁tri ples ▁and ▁five ▁home ▁runs . ▁Far rell ▁also ▁played ▁four ▁seasons ▁of ▁minor ▁league ▁baseball . ▁ ▁After ▁a ▁long ▁ill ness , ▁Far rell ▁died ▁in ▁Brook lyn ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 8 |
9 3 ▁at ▁age ▁ 3 6 . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 8 9 3 , ▁a ▁baseball ▁game ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁Brook lyn ' s ▁Eastern ▁Park ▁between ▁the ▁Brook lyn ▁Super bas ▁and ▁an ▁old - tim ers ▁team ▁to ▁raise ▁money ▁for ▁Far rell ' s ▁mother . ▁ ▁Over ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁tick ets ▁were ▁sold . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Base ball ▁players ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : Det roit ▁Wol ver ines ▁players ▁Category : B alt imore ▁Ori oles ▁( AA ) ▁players ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁baseball ▁players ▁Category : 1 8 5 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 9 3 ▁death s ▁Category : M aj or ▁League ▁Baseball ▁third ▁bas emen ▁Category : Al b any ▁( min or ▁league ▁baseball ) ▁players ▁Category : National s ▁of ▁Washington ▁players ▁Category : R och ester ▁( min or ▁league ▁baseball ) ▁players ▁Category : Bro ok lyn ▁Atl antics ▁( min or ▁league ) ▁players ▁Category : W ashington ▁National s ▁( min or ▁league ) ▁players ▁Category : L yn n ▁L ions ▁players ▁Category : Man chester ▁Farm ers ▁players ▁Category : B lo om ington ▁Red s ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Brook lyn <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁Major ▁League ▁Baseball ▁expansion ▁was ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁two ▁new ▁Major ▁League ▁Baseball ▁( ML B ) ▁teams ▁for ▁the |
▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁season . ▁The ▁Houston ▁Col t ▁. 4 5 s ▁( l ater ▁renamed ▁the ▁Ast ros ) ▁and ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁M ets ▁were ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁League ▁( NL ), ▁becoming ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁and ▁ 2 0 th ▁teams ▁in ▁ML B ' s ▁two ▁le agues . ▁The ▁Col t ▁. 4 5 s ▁were ▁the ▁first ▁major ▁league ▁team ▁in ▁Houston ▁while ▁the ▁M ets ▁filled ▁the ▁void ▁left ▁when ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁and ▁Brook lyn ▁D od gers ▁of ▁the ▁N L ▁moved ▁to ▁California ▁after ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁season . ▁ ▁The ▁expansion ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁part ▁of ▁an ▁initi ative ▁that ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁four ▁clubs ▁to ▁ML B . ▁The ▁previous ▁year ▁the ▁American ▁League ▁had ▁added ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Ang els ▁and ▁Washington ▁Sen ators . ▁ ▁Background ▁For ▁a ▁ 5 0 - year ▁period ▁from ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁ML B ' s ▁ 1 6 - team ▁structure ▁( split ▁into ▁the ▁American ▁and ▁National ▁Le agues ) ▁remained ▁int act . ▁No ▁franch ises ▁were ▁re located ▁during ▁this ▁period , ▁and ▁five ▁mark ets — B oston , ▁Chicago , ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁Philadelphia , ▁and ▁St . ▁Louis — had ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁teams . ▁According ▁to ▁authors ▁Andy ▁McC ue ▁and ▁Eric ▁Thompson , ▁" The ▁less ▁finan cially ▁successful ▁clubs ▁in |
▁two - team ▁cities ▁were ▁finding ▁it ▁increasing ly ▁difficult ▁to ▁comp ete " ▁by ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 5 0 s . ▁In ▁addition , ▁population ▁changes ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁were ▁leading ▁to ▁many ▁citizens ▁moving ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁N ortheast , ▁where ▁many ▁ML B ▁teams ▁were ▁based , ▁to ▁southern ▁and ▁western ▁locations . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁three ▁franch ises ▁were ▁re located , ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁in ▁mark ets ▁with ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁teams . ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁season , ▁the ▁two ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁teams ▁in ▁the ▁N L , ▁the ▁Brook lyn ▁D od gers ▁and ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants , ▁moved ▁west ward ; ▁the ▁D od gers ▁re located ▁to ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁while ▁San ▁Francisco ▁became ▁the ▁new ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁Gi ants . ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁sought ▁a ▁replacement ▁N L ▁franch ise , ▁and ▁by ▁December ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁ML B ▁had ▁created ▁an ▁Exp ansion ▁Committee . ▁Despite ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁the ▁group , ▁ML B ▁displayed ▁little ▁intention ▁of ▁adding ▁a ▁New ▁York ▁team . ▁The ▁city ▁had ▁be aten ▁ML B ▁to ▁planning ▁for ▁future ▁expansion , ▁with ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁the ▁Mayor ' s ▁Committee ▁shortly ▁after ▁the ▁D od gers ▁and ▁Gi ants ▁announced ▁their ▁moves ; ▁the ▁committee ▁was ▁head ed ▁by ▁lawyer ▁William ▁She a . ▁ ▁The ▁re location ▁of ▁the ▁D |
od gers ▁and ▁Gi ants ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁proposal ▁for ▁a ▁third ▁major ▁league : ▁the ▁Cont inental ▁League , ▁which ▁would ▁have ▁started ▁by ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁with ▁franch ises ▁in ▁mark ets ▁ML B ▁had ▁previously ▁ignored . ▁In ▁addition , ▁ML B ▁was ▁facing ▁pressure ▁from ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Congress , ▁which ▁indicated ▁that ▁efforts ▁to ▁prevent ▁future ▁expansion ▁would ▁ar ouse ▁interest ▁in ▁weak ening ▁the ▁sport ' s ▁exem ption ▁from ▁ant it rust ▁laws . ▁Congress ▁voted ▁on ▁a ▁bill ▁aim ed ▁at ▁repe aling ▁the ▁exem ption , ▁but ▁it ▁failed . ▁However , ▁ML B ▁moved ▁to ▁expand ▁after ▁a ▁rival ▁league ▁became ▁a ▁possibility . ▁ML B ▁formed ▁an ▁expansion ▁committee , ▁which ▁voted ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁adding ▁four ▁new ▁teams , ▁two ▁in ▁each ▁league , ▁by ▁ 1 9 6 1 – 6 2 . ▁ ▁ML B ▁sought ▁cities ▁that ▁had ▁received ▁interest ▁from ▁the ▁Cont inental ▁League . ▁Among ▁them ▁were ▁Houston , ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁and ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁The ▁N L ▁announced ▁an ▁expansion ▁as ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁World ▁Series ▁was ▁in ▁progress , ▁with ▁new ▁teams ▁in ▁Houston ▁and ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁She a ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁supp orter ▁of ▁the ▁Cont inental ▁League ▁concept , ▁and ▁had ▁attract ed ▁several ▁invest ors . ▁A ▁potential ▁Houston ▁team ▁also ▁had ▁numerous ▁partners , ▁many ▁of ▁whom ▁had ▁oil ▁interests . ▁The ▁AL |
▁initially ▁showed ▁interest ▁in ▁adding ▁a ▁Houston ▁team , ▁but ▁the ▁invest ors ▁wanted ▁an ▁N L ▁franch ise . ▁ML B ▁granted ▁the ▁two ▁cities ▁franch ises ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁Mark ets ▁The ▁idea ▁of ▁a ▁replacement ▁N L ▁club ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁was ▁strongly ▁supported ▁by ▁city ▁Mayor ▁Robert ▁Wagner . ▁The ▁city ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁secure ▁fund ing ▁for ▁a ▁proposed ▁Fl ushing ▁M ead ows ▁stad ium ▁in ▁time ▁for ▁play ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁so ▁the ▁M ets ▁played ▁at ▁the ▁Pol o ▁Gr ounds , ▁the ▁previous ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants . ▁George ▁We iss ▁was ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁team , ▁and ▁seven - time ▁World ▁Series ▁championship - win ning ▁manager ▁Case y ▁St eng el ▁was ▁h ired ▁to ▁lead ▁the ▁M ets ▁on ▁the ▁field . ▁ ▁The ▁Houston ▁Sports ▁Association ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁and ▁bought ▁a ▁minor ▁league ▁baseball ▁team ▁four ▁years ▁later . ▁The ▁group ▁was ▁given ▁a ▁cont rolling ▁interest ▁in ▁Houston ' s ▁expansion ▁team , ▁which ▁was ▁nick named ▁the ▁Col t ▁. 4 5 s . ▁It ▁played ▁at ▁Col t ▁Stadium . ▁ ▁Exp ansion ▁draft ▁ ▁A ▁draft ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁to ▁stock ▁the ▁new ▁teams ▁with ▁players ▁from ▁the ▁existing ▁N L ▁clubs . ▁All ▁eight ▁original ▁N L ▁teams ▁were |
▁required ▁to ▁make ▁ 1 5 ▁players ▁available ▁to ▁be ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Col t ▁. 4 5 s ▁and ▁M ets ▁from ▁their ▁regular ▁ro sters . ▁A ▁maximum ▁number ▁of ▁possible ▁se lections ▁in ▁the ▁draft ▁was ▁set ▁at ▁ 4 5 . ▁The ▁players ▁were ▁divided ▁into ▁three ▁price ▁classes , ▁based ▁on ▁what ▁would ▁be ▁charged ▁to ▁the ▁expansion ▁teams . ▁They ▁could ▁each ▁take ▁ 4 ▁" pre m ium " ▁players , ▁who ▁cost ▁$ 1 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁per ▁player , ▁ 1 6 ▁$ 7 5 , 0 0 0 ▁players , ▁and ▁ 3 ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁players ; ▁the ▁M ets ▁chose ▁only ▁ 2 ▁$ 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁players . ▁A ▁coin ▁toss ▁was ▁held ▁to ▁determine ▁who ▁would ▁receive ▁the ▁first ▁overall ▁pick ▁in ▁the ▁expansion ▁draft ; ▁it ▁was ▁won ▁by ▁Houston . ▁ ▁The ▁Col t ▁. 4 5 s ▁had ▁the ▁first ▁overall ▁pick ▁in ▁the ▁expansion ▁draft ▁and ▁selected ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Gi ants ▁inf iel der ▁Edd ie ▁B ress oud . ▁The ▁M ets ' ▁first ▁selection ▁was ▁another ▁player ▁from ▁the ▁Gi ants , ▁catch er ▁Hob ie ▁Land r ith . ▁The ▁M ets ' ▁later ▁se lections ▁in ▁the ▁draft ▁included ▁Gil ▁H od ges ▁of ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁D od gers ▁and ▁Don ▁Z immer ▁of ▁the ▁Chicago ▁C ubs . ▁The ▁teams ▁altern ated ▁choices ▁through ▁the ▁first ▁ 3 |
6 ▁pick s , ▁before ▁the ▁Col t ▁. 4 5 s ▁selected ▁Jim ▁Golden ▁and ▁Jo ey ▁Am alf it ano ▁consec ut ively . ▁Each ▁team ▁then ▁had ▁every ▁other ▁selection ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁draft , ▁which ▁came ▁after ▁the ▁M ets ▁picked ▁Lee ▁W alls ▁of ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁Phill ies ▁with ▁the ▁ 4 5 th ▁overall ▁choice . ▁ ▁Both ▁teams ▁selected ▁five ▁out field ers ▁in ▁the ▁expansion ▁draft . ▁The ▁Col t ▁. 4 5 s ▁picked ▁seven ▁in field ers , ▁one ▁more ▁than ▁the ▁M ets ; ▁New ▁York ' s ▁three ▁catch ers ▁chosen ▁was ▁one ▁more ▁than ▁the ▁two ▁taken ▁by ▁Houston . ▁Seven ▁pitch ers ▁were ▁taken ▁by ▁the ▁M ets ; ▁the ▁Col t ▁. 4 5 s ▁took ▁four . ▁ ▁Performance ▁of ▁expansion ▁teams ▁After ▁losses ▁in ▁nine ▁straight ▁games ▁to ▁start ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁season , ▁the ▁M ets ▁set ▁an ▁ML B ▁record ▁with ▁ 1 2 0 ▁losses ▁in ▁their ▁ 1 6 0 ▁games ▁played . ▁The ▁team ▁featured ▁two ▁pitch ers ▁who ▁lost ▁at ▁least ▁ 2 0 ▁games ▁and ▁had ▁the ▁lowest ▁batt ing ▁average ▁in ▁the ▁N L . ▁Despite ▁the ▁repeated ▁set back s ▁on ▁the ▁field , ▁the ▁M ets ▁proved ▁popular ▁with ▁fans ▁of ▁the ▁previous ▁N L ▁franch ises ▁in ▁New ▁York , ▁drawing ▁more ▁than ▁ 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁fans ▁to ▁the ▁Pol o ▁Gr ounds ▁in ▁ |
1 9 6 2 . ▁The ▁M ets ▁played ▁one ▁more ▁season ▁at ▁the ▁stad ium , ▁before ▁She a ▁Stadium ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁time ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁season , ▁in ▁which ▁New ▁York ▁drew ▁ 1 . 8 ▁million ▁spect ators . ▁By ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁the ▁M ets ▁had ▁won ▁their ▁first ▁World ▁Series , ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁earned ▁by ▁the ▁franch ise . ▁In ▁addition , ▁New ▁York ▁has ▁won ▁five ▁N L ▁titles ▁and ▁six ▁division ▁champion ships . ▁ ▁The ▁Col t ▁. 4 5 s ▁played ▁their ▁first ▁three ▁seasons ▁at ▁Col t ▁Stadium ▁before ▁beginning ▁play ▁at ▁the ▁Ast rod ome ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁The ▁team ▁won ▁its ▁first ▁game , ▁defe ating ▁the ▁Chicago ▁C ubs ▁by ▁a ▁score ▁of ▁ 1 1 – 2 . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁their ▁first ▁season , ▁the ▁Col t ▁. 4 5 s ▁were ▁in ▁e ighth ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁N L ; ▁the ▁C ubs ▁and ▁M ets ▁were ▁behind ▁them . ▁The ▁franch ise ▁did ▁not ▁finish ▁higher ▁than ▁nin th ▁over ▁the ▁next ▁six ▁years , ▁before ▁impro ving ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁de cade . ▁Houston ▁eventually ▁changed ▁their ▁team ▁nick name ▁to ▁the ▁Ast ros , ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁N L ▁title ; ▁in ▁addition , ▁they ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁League ▁Championship ▁Series ▁three ▁other ▁times . ▁The ▁Ast ros ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁American ▁League ▁in |
▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁season . ▁They ▁made ▁their ▁second ▁World ▁Series ▁appearance ▁four ▁years ▁later , ▁winning ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time . ▁ ▁After math ▁Following ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁expansion ▁that ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Ang els ▁and ▁Washington ▁Sen ators ▁to ▁the ▁AL , ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁expansion ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁moves ▁that ▁led ▁to ▁ML B ▁nearly ▁dou bling ▁in ▁size ▁to ▁ 3 0 ▁franch ises . ▁Four ▁new ▁clubs ▁joined ▁the ▁AL ▁and ▁N L ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁in ▁San ▁Diego , ▁Kansas ▁City , ▁Montreal , ▁and ▁Seattle ▁( although ▁the ▁team ▁moved ▁to ▁Mil w au kee ▁the ▁following ▁year ). ▁Further ▁two - team ▁exp ans ions ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Exp ansion ▁Category : H ou ston ▁Ast ros ▁Category : M aj or ▁League ▁Baseball ▁expansion ▁Category : New ▁York ▁M ets <0x0A> </s> ▁El ż bi eta ▁R abs zt yn ▁( born ▁ 2 5 ▁August ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁in ▁Wars aw ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁Polish ▁ath lete ▁special ising ▁in ▁the ▁s print ▁hur d les . ▁She ▁won ▁a ▁bronze ▁medal ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁Summer ▁Univers ia de . ▁ ▁Her ▁personal ▁best s ▁are ▁ 1 2 . |
8 0 ▁seconds ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 1 0 ▁metres ▁hur d les ▁(+ 1 . 9 m / s , ▁Wars aw ▁ 1 9 8 0 ) ▁and ▁ 8 . 0 3 ▁seconds ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 0 ▁metres ▁hur d les ▁( S ind elf ingen ▁ 1 9 8 0 ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁she ▁married ▁German ▁hur d ler ▁Har ald ▁Sch mid . ▁They ▁have ▁two ▁children , ▁Alexander ▁and ▁Bian ca , ▁who ▁also ▁competed ▁in ▁athlet ics . ▁Her ▁sister , ▁Gra ż yna ▁R abs zt yn , ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁former ▁hur d ler . ▁ ▁International ▁compet itions ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pol ish ▁female ▁hur d lers ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Wars aw ▁Category : Univers ia de ▁bronze ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Poland ▁Category : Univers ia de ▁medal ists ▁in ▁athlet ics ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Bruno ▁Mars ▁at ▁Park ▁Theater ▁at ▁Park ▁M GM ▁is ▁a ▁concert ▁res iden cy ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁Park ▁Theater , ▁Park ▁M GM ▁in ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁and ▁The ▁Theater ▁at ▁M GM ▁National ▁Har bor , ▁Ox on ▁Hill ▁in ▁Maryland ▁by ▁American ▁singer ▁and ▁song writer ▁Bruno ▁Mars . ▁Both ▁ven ues ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁set list , ▁which ▁featured ▁songs ▁from ▁Do o - W ops ▁& ▁H ool ig |
ans ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁Un orth odox ▁Ju ke box ▁( 2 0 1 2 ), ▁ 2 4 K ▁Magic ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁and ▁various ▁covers , ▁was ▁performed ▁by ▁Mars , ▁back ed ▁by ▁his ▁eight - pie ce ▁band , ▁The ▁H ool ig ans . ▁The ▁concert ▁res iden cy ▁was ▁promoted ▁by ▁Live ▁Nation ▁and ▁M GM ▁Res ort s , ▁last ed ▁four ▁years ▁and ▁gross ed ▁$ 2 9 ▁million . ▁The ▁April ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁dates ▁were ▁cancel led ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁pan demic ▁of ▁the ▁coron av irus ▁disease ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁( CO VID - 1 9 ) ▁in ▁China ▁and ▁its ▁spread ▁to ▁other ▁countries . ▁ ▁Background ▁and ▁development ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Entertainment ▁Ton ight ▁announced ▁that ▁Mars ▁signed ▁a ▁two - year ▁deal ▁with ▁M GM ▁Res ort s ▁International ▁to ▁perform ▁at ▁the ▁Park ▁Theater ▁at ▁Monte ▁Carlo , ▁in ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁and ▁The ▁Theater ▁at ▁M GM ▁National ▁Har bor , ▁in ▁Maryland . ▁This ▁was ▁Mars ▁second ▁concert ▁res iden cy , ▁after ▁performing ▁at ▁The ▁Ch else a ▁at ▁The ▁Cos m opol itan ▁with ▁the ▁last ▁show ▁being ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁E ve . ▁The ▁president ▁of ▁M GM ▁Res ort s ▁International , ▁Bill ▁Horn bu ck le , ▁said ▁" There ▁is ▁no ▁stronger ▁launch ing ▁pad |
▁for ▁a ▁new ▁ven ue ▁than ▁for ▁Mars ▁to ▁be ▁among ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁grace ▁its ▁stage ". ▁The ▁singer ▁was ▁among ▁first ▁to ▁perform ▁at ▁the ▁M GM ▁National ▁Har bor , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁perform ▁at ▁the ▁new ▁Park ▁Theater , ▁which ▁features ▁ 5 , 3 0 0 ▁seats , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁brand ▁new ▁audio ▁and ▁visual ▁technology . ▁The ▁concert ▁res iden cy ▁was ▁promoted ▁by ▁Live ▁Nation ▁and ▁occasionally ▁by ▁M GM ▁Res ort s . ▁ ▁Sh ows ▁can cellation ▁The ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁Review - J ournal ▁reported ▁that ▁Mars ▁avoid ▁contact ▁the ▁fans ▁on ▁his ▁shows ▁on ▁March ▁ 6 ▁and ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁at ▁the ▁Park ▁Theater , ▁as ▁a ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁Cor on av irus ▁disease ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Moreover , ▁M GM ▁Res ort s ▁announced ▁the ▁can cellation ▁of ▁the ▁dates ▁at ▁the ▁Park ▁Theater ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 4 , ▁and ▁ 2 5 ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁pan demic ▁of ▁the ▁coron av irus ▁disease ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁( CO VID - 1 9 ) ▁in ▁China ▁and ▁its ▁spread ▁to ▁other ▁countries . ▁ ▁Syn opsis ▁and ▁reception ▁The ▁concert , ▁which ▁had ▁a ▁runtime ▁of ▁ 9 5 ▁minutes ▁opened ▁with ▁" 2 4 K ▁Magic " ▁and ▁an ▁advert is ement ▁for ▁Las ▁Veg as . ▁During ▁the ▁show , ▁Mars ▁split ▁the ▁fans ▁in ▁half ▁" |
to ▁see ▁who ▁was ▁loud est ". ▁During ▁the ▁concert ▁" Run away ▁Baby " ▁was ▁inter l ud ed ▁with ▁The ▁Is ley ▁Brothers ' s ▁" Sh out " ▁as ▁Mars ▁s ung ▁" A ▁little ▁bit ▁so fter ▁now ..." ▁him ▁and ▁his ▁band ▁fell ▁to ▁the ▁ground , ▁only ▁to ▁rose ▁up ▁again ▁closing ▁the ▁track . ▁There ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁m ash - up ▁of ▁Bar rett ▁Str ong ' s ▁" M oney ▁( That ' s ▁What ▁I ▁W ant )" ▁and ▁Tra vie ▁Mc Co y ' s ▁featuring ▁Mars ▁" B ill ion aire ". ▁He ▁also ▁covered ▁" P ony " ▁by ▁G in uw ine , ▁gave ▁" G ren ade " ▁a ▁guitar ▁solo ▁transform ing ▁it ▁into ▁a ▁rock ▁song ▁and ▁performed ▁the ▁ball ad ▁" When ▁I ▁Was ▁Your ▁Man ". ▁At ▁one ▁point ▁he ▁asked ▁the ▁crowd ▁if ▁they ▁could ▁not ▁look ▁at ▁their ▁ph ones ▁for ▁a ▁while . ▁During ▁the ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁end ▁concert ▁as ▁they ▁were ▁ending ▁the ▁performance ▁of ▁" Lock ed ▁Out ▁of ▁Heaven ", ▁" the ▁power ▁went ▁out ▁on stage ". ▁The ▁show ▁closed ▁with ▁" U pt own ▁F unk ". ▁The ▁concert ▁included ▁fire ▁can n ons ▁and ▁a ▁" gi ant ▁sign ▁sp elling ▁out " ▁Bruno ▁Mars . ▁▁ ▁Mike ▁We ather ford ▁from ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁Review - J ournal , ▁while ▁review ing ▁Mars ' ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁New ▁Years ▁concert |
, ▁noticed ▁the ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁people ' s ▁age ▁and ▁stated ▁" If ▁the ▁cas inos ▁could ▁gen et ically ▁engineer ▁the ▁perfect ▁entertain ment ▁machine , ▁Mars ▁is ▁it ." ▁We ather ford ▁gave ▁the ▁show ▁an ▁A ▁rating . ▁ ▁Sh ows ▁ ▁C ance led ▁shows ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁concert ▁res iden cies ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁concert ▁res iden cies ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁concert ▁res iden cies ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁concert ▁res iden cies ▁Category : 2 0 2 0 ▁concert ▁res iden cies ▁Category : Con cert ▁res iden cies ▁in ▁the ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁Valley ▁Category : B run o ▁Mars <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁book ▁Cast les ▁and ▁Fort ress es ▁of ▁Western ▁Ukraine ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁a ▁L viv ▁historian ▁Or est es ▁M ats y uk , ▁who ▁spent ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁studying ▁the ▁cast les ▁and ▁for tr ess ▁of ▁Ukraine . ▁His ▁aim ▁when ▁writing ▁the ▁novel ▁was ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁complete ▁bro ch ure ▁of ▁all ▁of ▁Ukraine ' s ▁ancient ▁cast les . ▁He ▁recorded ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 0 0 0 ▁objects ▁when ▁making ▁the ▁book . ▁The ▁system ▁of ▁his ▁work ▁was ▁to ▁identify ▁the ▁news ▁writes ▁up ▁of ▁the ▁arch ival ▁building ▁and ▁printed ▁sources , ▁the ▁gather ing ▁of ▁old ▁plans , ▁photos , ▁draw ings , ▁the ▁install ations ▁of ▁expedition ary ▁field ▁survey ▁of |
▁current ▁state ▁of ▁phot ographic ▁images ▁s ights , ▁which ▁produces ▁graph ic ▁reconst ru ctions ▁of ▁monuments ▁and ▁prepared ▁the ▁printed ▁catalog ue . ▁ ▁The ▁purpose ▁of ▁this ▁popular ▁book ▁is ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁a ▁guide book ▁into ▁history ▁for ▁tour ists , ▁lo vers ▁and ▁collect ors ▁of ▁anti ques . ▁It ▁contains ▁all ▁the ▁necessary ▁information ▁about ▁the ▁tour ist ▁attra ctions ▁which ▁are ▁arranged ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁proposed ▁seven ▁bus ▁routes ▁which ▁covered ▁I vano - Fran k iv sk , ▁T ern op il , ▁L viv , ▁regions ▁and ▁other ▁small ▁areas ▁that ▁is ▁adjacent ▁to ▁( D ub no , ▁Ost rog , ▁K amen etz - Pod ol sk , ▁Haw t in ), ▁where ▁one ▁can ▁visit . ▁The ▁interested ▁reader ▁can ▁get ▁acquaint ed ▁with ▁the ▁famous ▁monaster ies , ▁cast les , ▁churches , ▁c athed r als ▁and ▁our ▁ancient ▁monuments . ▁Page ▁one ▁of ▁this ▁book ▁contains ▁the ▁mapping ▁scheme ▁of ▁each ▁route . ▁The ▁book ▁is ▁rich ly ▁described ▁with ▁hundreds ▁of ▁unique ▁black ▁and ▁white ▁pictures ▁( the ▁photograph ▁are ▁commonly ▁old ▁destroyed ▁buildings ) ▁and ▁the ▁images ▁of ▁re construct ed ▁monuments . ▁The ▁best ▁quality ▁of ▁image ▁is ▁used , ▁which ▁is ▁only ▁possible ▁with ▁an ▁offset ▁printing ▁on ▁plain ▁paper . ▁They ▁are ▁lists ▁of ▁recommended ▁books , ▁name ▁and ▁ge ographical ▁indexes ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁book , ▁which ▁makes ▁it ▁a ▁lot ▁easier ▁to ▁navigate ▁through ▁the ▁content . |
▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁intr igu ing ▁s log ans ▁of ▁the ▁western ▁Ukrain ian ▁for tr ess ▁and ▁cast les ▁stated ▁that , ▁" it ▁is ▁impossible ▁to ▁be ▁successful ▁in ▁the ▁future ▁with ▁a ▁clean ▁sl ate ▁in ▁the ▁past ". ▁The ▁ancient ▁cast les ▁had ▁guard ians ▁of ▁our ▁history ▁which ▁were ▁subject ed ▁to ▁human ▁impact ▁and ▁natural ▁changes . ▁Most ▁of ▁these ▁cast les ▁and ▁for tr esses ▁are ▁still ▁in ▁good ▁condition , ▁while ▁some ▁are ▁also ▁ru in . ▁There ▁are ▁around ▁ 2 0 ▁functional ▁monuments ▁structure ▁of ▁k ie van ▁Rus ▁and ▁about ▁ 5 0 0 0 ▁cast les . ▁All ▁the ▁for tr ess ▁and ▁castle ▁in ▁Ukraine ▁kept ▁the ▁legend ary ▁and ▁rom antics ▁stories , ▁detailed ▁information ▁about ▁the ▁beautiful ▁prin cess , ▁C oss acks , ▁kn ights , ▁magn ates ▁and ▁the ▁finger print s ▁culture ▁of ▁Poland , ▁Russia ▁Lith u ania , ▁Austria - H ung ary , ▁and ▁Turkey ▁" mov ies ▁stars ", ▁mov ies ▁direct ors ▁and ▁ ▁produ cers ▁were ▁also ▁retained . ▁ ▁The ▁structure ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁▁▁ ▁Cast les ▁and ▁Fort ress es ▁in ▁Western ▁Ukraine ▁To ▁rock ▁for tr ess ▁T ust an ▁Most ly ▁Prince ▁Lev ▁D . ▁W ays ▁Vol yn ▁By ▁Man ia va ▁Cell ▁For ▁Western ▁sk ir ts ▁A ▁short ▁list ▁of ▁recommended ▁reading ▁Name ▁index ▁and ▁ge ographical ▁index ▁On ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁Pr zem ys l ▁Golden ▁H ors es |
ho e ▁( route ▁length ▁ 2 3 8 km ) ▁A ▁brief ▁description ▁of ▁other ▁routes : ▁For ▁Z hov k va ▁Fort ifications ▁Trans car path ia ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Arch itecture ▁books ▁Category : Cast les ▁in ▁Ukraine <0x0A> </s> ▁Sun wo ok ▁Kim ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁in ▁Se oul ) ▁is ▁a ▁South ▁Korean ▁pian ist ▁living ▁in ▁London . ▁He ▁came ▁to ▁international ▁recognition ▁when ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁pr estig ious ▁Le eds ▁International ▁P iano ▁Compet ition ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Kim ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Se oul , ▁South ▁Korea ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁April ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁He ▁began ▁studying ▁the ▁piano ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁three . ▁He ▁gave ▁his ▁debut ▁rec ital ▁aged ▁ten ▁and ▁this ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁his ▁con cer to ▁debut ▁two ▁years ▁later . ▁He ▁won ▁the ▁Le eds ▁International ▁P iano ▁Compet ition ▁aged ▁just ▁ 1 8 , ▁becoming ▁the ▁competition ’ s ▁young est ▁winner ▁for ▁ 4 0 ▁years , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁its ▁first ▁Asian ▁winner . ▁Kim ' s ▁performance ▁of ▁Bra h ms ▁P iano ▁Con cer to ▁in ▁D ▁minor ▁with ▁The ▁Hall é ▁and ▁Sir ▁Mark ▁E lder ▁in ▁the ▁competition ' s ▁final ▁won ▁un anim ous ▁pra ise ▁from ▁the ▁press , ▁and ▁led ▁to ▁con cer to ▁engag ements ▁with ▁UK ' s ▁fin est ▁orch est ras ▁as ▁well ▁as |
▁various ▁rec it als ▁around ▁Europe . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁competition , ▁Kim ▁was ▁a ▁student ▁at ▁the ▁Korea ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁Arts ▁under ▁D ae jin ▁Kim . ▁He ▁had ▁also ▁previously ▁won ▁the ▁IX ▁E tt lingen ▁Compet ition ▁and ▁the ▁XVIII ▁Conc ours ▁Clara ▁H ask il . ▁He ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Art ist ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁pri zes ▁from ▁the ▁Da ew on ▁Cultural ▁Foundation ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁and ▁K um ho ▁As iana ▁Group ▁( 2 0 0 7 ). ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁received ▁MA ▁degree ▁for ▁conduct ing ▁from ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁of ▁Music ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁established ▁a ▁reputation ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁fin est ▁pian ists ▁of ▁his ▁generation , ▁appearing ▁as ▁a ▁con cer to ▁solo ist ▁in ▁the ▁subscription ▁series ▁of ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁world ’ s ▁leading ▁orch est ras , ▁including ▁the ▁London ▁Sym phony ▁Orchestra ▁( John ▁Eli ot ▁Gard iner , ▁Daniel ▁Hard ing ), ▁Royal ▁Con cert geb ouw ▁Orchestra ▁( My ung - Wh un ▁Ch ung ), ▁Berlin ▁Radio ▁Sym phony ▁Orchestra ▁( M are k ▁Jan owski ), ▁Tokyo ▁Phil harm onic , ▁N DR ▁Sym phony ▁Orchestra , ▁Finn ish ▁Radio ▁Sym phony , ▁( S ak ari ▁Or amo , ▁Andrew ▁Man ze , ▁T ug an ▁S ok h iev ), ▁Deutsche ▁Kam mer ph il harm onie ▁Bre men ▁( Pa avo ▁J är vi ), ▁Phil |
harm onia ▁Orchestra ▁( V lad imir ▁Ash ken azy , ▁Jur aj ▁Val č u ha , ▁Edward ▁Gard ner ), ▁London ▁Phil harm onic ▁( V ass ily ▁S ina is ky ), ▁Or ch estre ▁phil harm on ique ▁de ▁Radio ▁France ▁( My ung - Wh un ▁Ch ung , ▁K w am é ▁Ryan ), ▁N H K ▁Sym phony ▁( Kar l - He in z ▁Ste ff ens ), ▁Hamb urger ▁Sym phon iker ▁( G uy ▁Braun stein ), ▁Hall é ▁Orchestra ▁( Mark ▁E lder ), ▁the ▁B ourn em outh ▁Sym phony ▁Orchestra ( K ir ill ▁Kar ab its ), ▁BBC ▁National ▁Orchestra ▁of ▁Wales , ▁BBC ▁Phil harm onic , ▁Royal ▁Scottish ▁National ▁Orchestra , ▁La us anne ▁Chamber ▁Orchestra ▁and ▁the ▁Asp en ▁Festival ▁Orchestra . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Kim ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁at ▁the ▁BBC ▁Prom s ▁with ▁B ourn em outh ▁Sym phony ▁( K ir il ▁Kar ab its ) ▁performing ▁Be eth oven ' s ▁P iano ▁Con cer to ▁No . ▁ 3 . ▁The ▁same ▁year ▁he ▁was ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁Be eth oven - H aus ▁Bonn ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁first ▁benef ici ary ▁of ▁its ▁new ▁M ent oring ▁Program me , ▁a ▁status ▁which ▁gr ants ▁him ▁exclusive ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁house ’ s ▁unique ▁collections ▁and ▁resources . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁performed ▁chamber ▁music ▁with ▁mus icians ▁including ▁Guy ▁Braun stein , ▁August in ▁H |
adel ich , ▁J ian ▁Wang ▁( cell ist ), ▁Al isa ▁We iler stein , ▁Nob uk o ▁I mai . ▁Rec it als ▁to ▁date ▁include ▁the ▁W ig more ▁Hall ▁in ▁London , ▁regular ▁appearances ▁in ▁the ▁“ P iano ▁ 4 ▁E to iles ” ▁series ▁at ▁S alle ▁P ley el , ▁K io i ▁Hall ▁in ▁Tokyo , ▁Sym phony ▁Hall ▁Os aka , ▁Br uss els ▁Kl ara ▁Festival , ▁Br uss els ▁Summer ▁Festival , ▁Be eth oven - H aus ▁and ▁Be eth oven fest ▁in ▁Bonn , ▁K lav ier - F estival ▁Ru hr ▁and ▁Me ck len burg - Vor p omm ern ▁Fest sp iele . ▁ ▁Record ings ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁– ▁Bra h ms ▁& ▁Fran ck ▁– ▁Bra h ms : ▁P iano ▁Son ata ▁No . ▁ 3 ▁in ▁F ▁minor , ▁op . ▁ 5 , ▁Fran ck , ▁C : ▁Pr él ude , ▁Ch oral ▁et ▁F ug ue ▁( Fran ck ) ▁– ▁Acc ent us ▁Music ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁– ▁Be eth oven ▁P iano ▁Son at as ▁- ▁No . ▁ 2 1 ▁in ▁C ▁major , ▁Op . ▁ 5 3 ▁( W ald stein ), ▁No . ▁ 2 9 ▁in ▁B ♭ ▁major , ▁Op . ▁ 1 0 6 ▁( H am merk lav ier ) ▁- ▁Acc ent us ▁Music ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁– ▁Un su k ▁Ch in |
: ▁P iano ▁Con cer to ▁( With ▁My ung - wh un ▁Ch ung , ▁Se oul ▁Phil harm onic ▁Orchestra ) ▁- ▁Deutsche ▁Gr amm oph on ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁– ▁Be eth oven ▁P iano ▁Con cer to ▁No . ▁ 5 ▁in ▁E ▁flat ▁major , ▁Op . ▁ 7 3 ▁‘ Em peror ’ ▁( With ▁My ung - wh un ▁Ch ung , ▁Se oul ▁Phil harm onic ▁Orchestra ) ▁- ▁Deutsche ▁Gr amm oph on ▁ ▁International ▁Awards ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁E tt lingen ▁Compet ition ▁( G erm any ) ▁- ▁First ▁prize ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Clara ▁H ask il ▁International ▁P iano ▁Compet ition ▁( Sw itzerland ) ▁- ▁First ▁prize ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Le eds ▁International ▁P iano ▁Compet ition ▁( UK ) ▁- ▁First ▁prize ▁ ▁The ▁CD ▁featuring ▁Un su k ▁Ch in ’ s ▁P iano ▁Con cer to ▁won ▁awards ▁from ▁BBC ▁Music ▁Magazine ▁ ▁and ▁International ▁Class ical ▁Music ▁Awards . ▁ ▁Re views ▁▁ ▁" K im ' s ▁deep ▁feelings ▁for ▁Fran ck ▁are ▁obvious ▁in ▁the ▁bread th ▁and ▁emot ional ▁reson ance ▁he ▁brings ▁to ▁the ▁P rel ude , ▁Chor ale ▁and ▁F ug ue [ ...] ▁especially ▁striking ▁is ▁the ▁pr ist ine ▁clar ity ▁he ▁inv ests ▁in ▁the ▁score ’ s ▁often ▁mur ky ▁text ures [ ...] ▁there ▁can ▁be ▁little ▁doubt ▁that ▁Kim ▁will ▁be ▁back ▁to ▁share ▁with ▁us |
▁his ▁evol ving ▁love ▁of ▁this ▁fant ast ically ▁challeng ing ▁music ." ▁Gram oph one ▁Magazine , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁- ▁Bra h ms ▁& ▁Fran ck ▁recording ▁ ▁" The ▁Wald stein ▁is ▁altogether ▁quite ▁impress ive , ▁with ▁its ▁d azz ling ▁opening ▁movement ▁thrown ▁off ▁with ▁apparent ▁ease , ▁the ▁slow ▁introduction ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁ad mi rab ly ▁sust ained , ▁and ▁the ▁controvers ial ▁bl ur red ▁ped al ▁effects ▁of ▁the ▁con cluding ▁r ondo ▁itself ▁intellig ently ▁handled ." ▁- ▁BBC ▁Music ▁Magazine , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁- ▁Be eth oven ▁P iano ▁Son at as ▁recording ▁ ▁“ The ▁sw ell ▁of ▁susp ended ▁harm on ies ▁was ▁perfectly ▁controlled , ▁the ▁ch ords ▁perfectly ▁struck ▁and ▁vo iced , ▁and ▁Kim ▁always ▁kept ▁the ▁sense ▁of ▁rest less ▁searching ▁at ▁just ▁the ▁right ▁level ▁of ▁intensity ”. ▁George ▁Hall , ▁The ▁Guardian , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁- ▁City ▁of ▁London ▁Festival ▁ ▁“ K im ▁rep a id ▁the ▁invest ment ▁by ▁allowing ▁every ▁voice ▁in ▁this ▁con cer to ▁to ▁speak , ▁sh irk ing ▁grand ▁gest ures ▁and ▁playing ▁with ▁absor bing ▁concentration ▁and ▁nu ance .” ▁- ▁Neil ▁Fish er , ▁The ▁Times , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁- ▁BBC ▁Prom s ▁debut ▁at ▁Royal ▁Albert ▁Hall ▁ ▁" The ▁finale ▁benef ited ▁from ▁his ▁ener get ic ▁attack ▁and ▁imm ac ulate ▁finger work , ▁while ▁some ▁histor ically ▁informed ▁touch |
es ▁gave ▁individual ity ▁to ▁Kar ab its ’ s ▁ast ute ▁management ▁of ▁the ▁orch est ral ▁accompan iment .” ▁- ▁George ▁Hall , ▁The ▁Guardian , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁- ▁BBC ▁Prom s ▁debut ▁at ▁Royal ▁Albert ▁Hall ▁ ▁"[ K im ] ▁gave ▁a ▁simply ▁aston ishing ▁performance . ▁It ▁is ▁rare ▁to ▁hear ▁a ▁perform er ▁so ▁aware ▁of ▁the ▁possibilities ▁for ▁int im acy ▁in ▁the ▁Albert ▁Hall ’ s ▁massive ▁ac oust ic : ▁Kim ▁placed ▁pian iss imos ▁always ▁on ▁the ▁edge ▁of ▁disapp earance ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁audience ▁almost ▁had ▁to ▁stra in ▁to ▁hear ; ▁the ▁effect ▁was ▁spell binding , ▁particularly ▁in ▁the ▁simple ▁but ▁sh atter ing ▁cad enz as ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁movement ." ▁Bach track ., ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁- ▁BBC ▁Prom s ▁debut ▁at ▁Royal ▁Albert ▁Hall ▁ ▁“ V irt u os ity ▁was ▁kept ▁firm ly ▁in ▁check ▁in ▁the ▁finale , ▁Kim ’ s ▁light ness ▁of ▁touch ▁and ▁fin esse ▁never ▁less ▁than ▁comp elling .” ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁- ▁performance ▁with ▁Phil harm onia ▁Orchestra ▁and ▁Vladimir ▁Ash ken azy ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁British ▁Broadcast ing ▁Corporation ▁ ▁Conc ours ▁Clara ▁H ask il ▁pri zew inners ▁ ▁E tt lingen ▁Compet ition ▁pri zew inners ▁ ▁Da ew on ▁Cultural ▁Foundation ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Ask onas ▁Hol t ▁Management ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : Pe |
ople ▁from ▁Se oul ▁Category : P ri ze - w inners ▁of ▁the ▁Le eds ▁International ▁P ian of orte ▁Compet ition ▁Category : S outh ▁Korean ▁classical ▁pian ists ▁Category : S outh ▁Korean ▁exp atri ates ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁classical ▁pian ists <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch ales hom ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Ch ā les hom ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Chal ish am ▁and ▁Chal istan ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Kh ara ▁Rud ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁S iah kal ▁County , ▁Gil an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 4 3 7 , ▁in ▁ 1 1 7 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁S iah kal ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Charles ▁Mon ro ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁Sir ▁Charles ▁Mon ro , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron et ▁( 1 8 6 0 – 1 9 2 9 ), ▁Governor ▁of ▁Gib ral tar ▁Charles ▁Mon ro ▁( rug by ▁union ) ▁( 1 8 5 1 – 1 9 3 3 ), ▁initi ator ▁of ▁rugby ▁union ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Charles ▁Henry ▁Mon ro ▁( 1 8 3 5 – 1 9 0 8 ), ▁English ▁author , ▁jur ist ▁and ▁benef actor ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Charles ▁Mon roe ▁( disambiguation ) ▁Charles ▁Mun roe <0x0A> </s> ▁Louis ▁Charles ▁Bon av ent ure ▁Alfred ▁Br une au ▁( |
3 ▁March ▁ 1 8 5 7 ▁– ▁ 1 5 ▁June ▁ 1 9 3 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁composer ▁who ▁played ▁a ▁key ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁real ism ▁in ▁French ▁opera . ▁ ▁Life ▁Born ▁in ▁Paris , ▁Br une au ▁studied ▁the ▁c ello ▁as ▁a ▁youth ▁at ▁the ▁Paris ▁Conserv atory ▁and ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁Pas del oup ▁or chestra . ▁He ▁soon ▁began ▁to ▁compose , ▁writing ▁a ▁cant ata , ▁Gene vi ève ▁de ▁Paris , ▁while ▁still ▁a ▁young ▁man . ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 4 , ▁his ▁O u vert ure ▁hero ique ▁was ▁performed , ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁ch oral ▁sym phon ies ▁Lé da ▁( 1 8 8 4 ) ▁and ▁La ▁Belle ▁au ▁bois ▁d orm ant ▁( 1 8 8 6 ). ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 7 , ▁he ▁produced ▁his ▁first ▁opera , ▁K ér im . ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁year , ▁Br une au ▁met ▁É mile ▁Z ola , ▁launch ing ▁a ▁collaboration ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁men ▁that ▁would ▁last ▁for ▁two ▁dec ades . ▁Br une au ' s ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁opera ▁Le ▁R ê ve ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Z ola ▁story ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁coming ▁years ▁Z ola ▁would ▁provide ▁the ▁subject ▁matter ▁for ▁many ▁of ▁Br une au ' s ▁works , ▁including ▁L ' atta que ▁du ▁mou lin ▁( 1 8 9 3 ). ▁Z ola ▁himself ▁wrote ▁the |
▁libre tt i ▁for ▁the ▁oper as ▁Mess idor ▁( 1 8 9 7 ) ▁and ▁L ' O ur agan ▁( 1 9 0 1 ). ▁Other ▁works ▁influenced ▁by ▁Z ola ▁include ▁L ' En f ant ▁roi ▁( 1 9 0 5 ), ▁Na ï s ▁Mic ou lin ▁( 1 9 0 7 ), ▁Les ▁Qu at res ▁journ ées ▁( 1 9 1 6 ), ▁and ▁Laz are ▁( produ ced ▁post hum ously ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 ). ▁Other ▁oper atic ▁works ▁by ▁Br une au ▁contained ▁them es ▁by ▁Hans ▁Christian ▁Anders en ▁( Le ▁J ardin ▁du ▁Paris ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 3 ) ▁and ▁Victor ▁Hugo ▁( Ang elo , ▁ty ran ▁de ▁Pad ou e ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ). ▁Br une au ' s ▁orch est ral ▁works ▁show ▁the ▁influence ▁of ▁Wagner . ▁His ▁other ▁works ▁include ▁his ▁Re qu iem ▁( 1 8 8 8 ) ▁and ▁two ▁collections ▁of ▁songs , ▁Lied s ▁de ▁France ▁and ▁Ch ans ons ▁à ▁dans er . ▁ ▁Br une au ▁was ▁decor ated ▁with ▁the ▁Leg ion ▁of ▁Honor ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 5 . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Paris . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁Arthur ▁Her vey : ▁Alfred ▁Br une au ▁( Lond on , ▁ 1 9 0 7 ) ▁James ▁Ross : ▁'" Mess idor ": ▁Republican ▁Patri ot ism ▁and ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ary ▁Trad ition ▁in ▁Third ▁Republic ▁Opera '; ▁in : |
▁Barbara ▁Kelly ▁( ed .): ▁' F rench ▁Music , ▁Culture ▁and ▁National ▁Identity , ▁ 1 8 7 0 - 1 9 3 9 ' ▁( R och ester , ▁N . Y ., ▁ 2 0 0 8 ), ▁pp . 1 1 2 – 1 3 0 ; ▁ ▁Steven ▁H ue b ner : ▁" Al fred ▁Br une au ▁and ▁É mile ▁Z ola " ▁and ▁" L ' Att aque ▁du ▁mou lin ", ▁in : ▁French ▁Opera ▁at ▁the ▁Fin ▁de ▁Si è cle ▁( O x ford , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ), ▁pp . 3 9 5 – 4 2 5 ; ▁ ▁Man fred ▁Kel kel : ▁Natur alis me , ▁V ér isme ▁et ▁Ré alis me ▁dans ▁l ' op éra ▁( Par is , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ); ▁ ▁Vik ing ▁Opera ▁Guide , ▁ed . ▁Hold en ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 5 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 4 ▁death s ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁French ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : P rix ▁de ▁Rome ▁for ▁composition ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁the ▁C imet ière ▁des ▁Bat ign ol les ▁Category : Con serv atoire ▁de ▁Paris ▁al umn i ▁Category : F rench ▁classical |
▁compos ers ▁Category : F rench ▁male ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : F rench ▁opera ▁compos ers ▁Category : M ale ▁opera ▁compos ers ▁Category : Che val iers ▁of ▁the ▁L ég ion ▁d ' honneur ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Paris ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁French ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁French ▁male ▁mus icians ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁male ▁mus icians <0x0A> </s> ▁Events ▁ 6 ▁January ▁– ▁Rob ▁Elli ott ▁now ▁takes ▁over ▁from ▁John ▁Burg ess ▁as ▁host ▁of ▁W heel ▁of ▁Fort une , ▁after ▁the ▁failed ▁attempt ▁last ▁year ▁with ▁long - time ▁S ale ▁of ▁the ▁Century ▁qu iz master ▁Tony ▁Bar ber ▁as ▁host . ▁The ▁programme ▁starts ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁without ▁Adri ana ▁X en ides ▁as ▁she ▁takes ▁long ▁term ▁leave ▁as ▁letter ▁turn er ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁cancer ous ▁break down , ▁she ▁returns ▁the ▁puzz le board ▁in ▁July . ▁Her ▁place ▁is ▁filled ▁by ▁ex - Per fect ▁Match ▁host ess ▁Ker rie ▁Friend . ▁After ▁a ▁notable ▁absence ▁throughout ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁due ▁in ▁part ▁to ▁hosting ▁Family ▁Fe ud ▁for ▁the ▁last ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁John ▁De eks ▁returns ▁to ▁the ▁bo oth ▁as ▁announ cer ▁– ▁the ▁position ▁had ▁been ▁held ▁by ▁David ▁Day ▁in ▁Ad ela ide , ▁and ▁Ron ▁E ▁S par ks ▁in ▁Sydney . ▁ 3 ▁February ▁– ▁Australian ▁drama ▁serial ▁Heart break ▁High ▁switch es |
▁over ▁to ▁air ▁on ▁ABC ▁at ▁ 6 : 0 0 pm ▁from ▁Monday ▁to ▁Th urs days . ▁ 3 1 ▁March ▁– ▁A ▁brand ▁new ▁Australian ▁game ▁show ▁called ▁Bur go ' s ▁C atch ▁P hr ase ▁hosted ▁by ▁former ▁W heel ▁of ▁Fort une ▁present er ▁John ▁Burg ess ▁starts ▁screen ing ▁on ▁N ine ▁Network . ▁ 1 3 ▁June ▁– ▁Australian ▁children ' s ▁television ▁series ▁Ban anas ▁in ▁Py j am as ▁appears ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁Singapore ▁on ▁Channel ▁ 5 . ▁ 2 6 ▁June ▁– ▁British ▁sit com ▁Mr . ▁Be an ▁st arring ▁Row an ▁At kin son ▁as ▁the ▁tit ular ▁character ▁switch es ▁over ▁to ▁the ▁Seven ▁Network ▁a ▁year ▁after ▁finishing ▁up ▁on ▁the ▁ABC . ▁ 2 9 ▁June ▁– ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁film ▁In ▁the ▁Line ▁of ▁Fire ▁st arring ▁Cl int ▁East wood ▁and ▁John ▁M alk ov ich ▁premier es ▁on ▁the ▁N ine ▁Network . ▁ 1 ▁July ▁– ▁Prime ▁Television ▁comes ▁to ▁M ild ura , ▁ending ▁a ▁mon opol y ▁on ▁commercial ▁television ▁held ▁by ▁ST V - 8 ▁since ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ 8 ▁July ▁– ▁O wn ership ▁of ▁Australia ▁Television ▁International ▁moves ▁from ▁ABC ▁to ▁Seven ▁Network . ▁ 1 1 ▁July ▁– ▁American - Can ad ian ▁children ' s ▁animated ▁series ▁Arthur ▁deb uts ▁on ▁ABC . ▁ 4 ▁August ▁– ▁Judge ▁Jud y ▁makes ▁it ▁debut ▁on ▁Network |
▁Ten . ▁September ▁– ▁Jo ▁Beth ▁Taylor ▁res ign s ▁as ▁host ▁of ▁Australia ' s ▁Fun ni est ▁Home ▁Video ▁Show ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁show ' s ▁biggest ▁hosts ▁in ▁history ▁– ▁she ▁is ▁replaced ▁by ▁G eta way ▁rep orter , ▁C atr iona ▁Row nt ree , ▁and ▁then ▁ax ed . ▁ 2 2 ▁September ▁– ▁A ▁reboot ▁of ▁the ▁classic ▁Australian ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁sit com ▁Kings wood ▁Country ▁called ▁Bull p itt ! ▁once ▁again ▁st arring ▁Ross ▁H igg ins ▁as ▁Ted ▁Bull p itt ▁air s ▁on ▁Seven ▁Network . ▁ 1 1 ▁October ▁– ▁In ▁Ne igh b ours , ▁Helen ▁Daniel s ▁dies ▁in ▁her ▁sleep ▁at ▁a ▁family ▁get ▁together . ▁The ▁last ▁ever ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁cast ▁members ▁Anne ▁H addy ▁dep arts ▁the ▁series , ▁she ▁died ▁two ▁years ▁later ▁after ▁a ▁long ▁ill ness . ▁ 1 2 ▁October ▁– ▁American ▁sit com ▁Every body ▁Lov es ▁Raymond ▁deb uts ▁on ▁the ▁Seven ▁Network . ▁ 1 ▁November ▁– ▁T CN - 9 ▁stages ▁the ▁first ▁trial ▁of ▁digital ▁television ▁in ▁the ▁Southern ▁Hem is phere . ▁ 1 6 ▁November ▁– ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁Film ▁For rest ▁G ump ▁st arring ▁Tom ▁H anks ▁premier es ▁on ▁the ▁N ine ▁Network . ▁ 2 3 ▁November ▁– ▁American ▁animated ▁comedy ▁series ▁King ▁of ▁the ▁Hill ▁screens ▁on ▁the ▁Seven ▁Network ▁at ▁ 7 : 3 0 |
pm . ▁ 3 ▁December ▁– ▁American ▁super natural ▁fiction , ▁fant asy , ▁action , ▁horror ▁series ▁Buff y ▁the ▁V amp ire ▁S layer ▁deb uts ▁on ▁the ▁Seven ▁Network . ▁ 2 0 ▁December ▁– ▁American ▁animated ▁comedy ▁series ▁South ▁Park ▁air s ▁on ▁S BS . ▁It ▁also ▁became ▁the ▁network ' s ▁highest ▁rating ▁series ▁to ▁date . ▁December ▁– ▁Prime ▁Television ▁Limited ▁acqu ires ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁Canal ▁ 9 ▁in ▁Argentina . ▁The ▁fun eral ▁of ▁D iana , ▁Princess ▁of ▁Wales ▁is ▁broadcast ▁live ▁on ▁the ▁ABC ▁and ▁all ▁commercial ▁free - to - air ▁television ▁channels . ▁The ▁Sydney ▁Gay ▁and ▁Les bian ▁M ardi ▁Gr as ▁is ▁tele vised ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁on ▁commercial ▁television . ▁ ▁Ch annels ▁ ▁New ▁channels ▁▁ 1 ▁June ▁– ▁O v ation ▁Channel ▁▁ 1 ▁July ▁– ▁Od ys sey ▁Channel ▁▁ 1 ▁September ▁– ▁The ▁Life Style ▁Channel ▁▁▁ 7 ▁September ▁– ▁Movie ▁Ext ra ▁ ▁Reb rand ed ▁channels ▁▁ 2 0 ▁March ▁– ▁MTV ▁Australia ▁( was ▁AR C ▁Music ▁Channel ) ▁▁ 1 8 ▁April ▁– ▁Channel ▁V ▁Australia ▁( was ▁Red ) ▁▁ 7 ▁September ▁– ▁Movie ▁One ▁( was ▁The ▁Movie ▁Network ) ▁ ▁Deb uts ▁ ▁Dom estic ▁ ▁International ▁ ▁Sub scription ▁television ▁ ▁Dom estic ▁ ▁International ▁ ▁Sub scription ▁premier es ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁programs ▁which ▁made ▁their ▁premi ere ▁on ▁Australian ▁subscription ▁television ▁that ▁had ▁previously ▁premier ed ▁on ▁Australian ▁free |
Subsets and Splits