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▁of ▁replacement ” ▁from ▁the ▁department al ▁council ▁of ▁do ctors ). ▁ ▁They ▁act ▁more ▁than ▁one ▁initial ▁track ▁records ▁that ▁real ▁studies ▁( more ▁especially ▁as ▁France ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁rare ▁countries ▁to ▁regard ▁the ▁intern s ▁as ▁students ). ▁ ▁The ▁board ing ▁school ▁of ▁general ▁medicine ▁last s ▁three ▁years , ▁and ▁is ▁valid ated ▁when ▁the ▁whole ▁of ▁the ▁six ▁months ▁training ▁courses ▁necessary ▁were ▁carried ▁out ▁( di pl oma ▁of ▁special ized ▁studies ▁of ▁general ▁medicine ) ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁followed ▁of ▁a ▁th esis ▁of ▁exercise . ▁ ▁It ▁consists ▁of ▁six ▁months ▁training ▁courses ▁rem un er ated , ▁associated ▁with ▁a ▁hospital , ▁but ▁also ▁associated ▁with ▁a ▁general ▁doctor , ▁or ▁of ▁an ▁extra - h ospital ▁structure ▁of ▁care . ▁ ▁The ▁student ▁takes ▁complete ▁ ▁charge ▁of ▁their ▁patients , ▁but ▁still ▁under ▁the ▁responsibility ▁of ▁a ▁“ sen ior ” ▁( see ▁sup ra ): ▁this ▁includes ▁clin ical ▁exam ination , ▁reg ulation ▁of ▁complement ary ▁exam in ations ▁and ▁treatment . ▁ ▁Te aching ▁is ▁primarily ▁practical ▁at ▁this ▁stage . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁special ity ▁training ▁last s ▁four ▁years ▁or ▁more . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁special ity ▁chosen , ▁the ▁student ▁must ▁take ▁a ▁minimum ▁number ▁of ▁training ▁courses ▁rem un er ated ▁in ▁hospital ▁services ▁where ▁its ▁role ▁is ▁similar . ▁ ▁The ▁training ▁is ▁valid ated ▁when ▁the ▁whole ▁of ▁the ▁six ▁months ▁training ▁courses ▁necessary ▁are ▁carried ▁out . ▁ |
▁It ▁also ▁requires ▁a ▁th esis ▁of ▁exercise ▁generally ▁rel ating ▁to ▁a ▁topic ▁of ▁the ▁special ity , ▁generally ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁year ▁of ▁training ▁. ▁ ▁The ▁special ity ▁is ▁san ction ed ▁by ▁the ▁di pl oma ▁of ▁special ized ▁studies , ▁after ▁defence ▁of ▁a ▁report , ▁which ▁is ▁sometimes ▁confused ▁with ▁the ▁th esis ▁( thesis - memory , ▁when ▁this ▁one ▁is ▁constant ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁year ▁of ▁training ▁and ▁rel ates ▁to ▁a ▁subject ▁of ▁the ▁special ity ). ▁ ▁The ▁di pl oma ▁of ▁State ▁of ▁doctor ▁of ▁medicine ▁is ▁con ferred ▁after ▁defence ▁successfully ▁th esis ▁of ▁exercise . ▁ ▁Reg istr ar ship ▁and ▁assistant ship ▁For ▁certain ▁special ities , ▁in ▁particular ▁surg ery , ▁additional ▁training ▁is ▁ ▁required : ▁either ▁at ▁a ▁university ▁clin ic ▁for ▁two ▁to ▁four ▁years , ▁or ▁a ▁special ty ▁ ▁assistant ship ▁ ▁for ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁total ▁training ▁for ▁these ▁special ities ▁therefore ▁ranges ▁from ▁ 1 2 ▁to ▁ 1 5 ▁years . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁French ▁education ▁system , ▁High er ▁learning ▁in ▁France , ▁University ▁in ▁France ▁General ▁medicine ▁Medicine ▁Medical ▁education ▁by ▁country ▁category ▁Medical ▁school ▁Phys ician ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁ ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁in ▁France ▁Category : High er ▁education ▁in ▁France ▁Category : Univers ities ▁and ▁colleg es ▁in ▁France <0x0A> </s> ▁Jack ▁Marc ▁Do yle ▁( born ▁ 2 ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 |
7 ) ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁as ▁a ▁def ender ▁for ▁South port ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Black burn ▁Ro vers ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Do yle ▁signed ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁professional ▁contract ▁at ▁Black burn ▁Ro vers ▁pen ning ▁a ▁ 2 - year ▁deal . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Do yle ▁made ▁his ▁ 1 st ▁team ▁debut ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁for ▁Black burn ▁Ro vers ▁in ▁the ▁ 3 – 1 ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁E FL ▁Cup ▁victory ▁against ▁Cov entry ▁City . ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Do yle ▁joined ▁Ma id stone ▁United ▁on ▁loan . ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁his ▁loan ▁was ▁cut ▁short ▁due ▁to ▁injury . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁Do yle ▁will ▁leave ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁his ▁contract . ▁ ▁South port ▁On ▁ 1 ▁August ▁Do yle ▁signed ▁for ▁South port . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁from ▁Liverpool ▁Category : English ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders ▁Category : Black burn ▁Ro vers ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Der ry ▁City ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : S outh port ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : English ▁Football |
▁League ▁players ▁Category : Le ague ▁of ▁Ireland ▁players ▁Category : National ▁League ▁( English ▁football ) ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Richard ▁Lee ▁( born ▁ 1 1 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁former ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁Football ▁League ▁for ▁Hal if ax ▁Town ▁and ▁Mans field ▁Town . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : l iving ▁people ▁Category : English ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : R other ham ▁United ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Not ts ▁County ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : M ans field ▁Town ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : H al if ax ▁Town ▁A . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Bu xt on ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : M oss ley ▁A . F . C . ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Lee ▁Per uss ich ▁( born ▁ 1 8 ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 5 ) ▁is ▁ ▁a ▁former ▁Australian ▁rules ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁with ▁Foot sc ray ▁in ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁Football ▁League ▁( V FL ). ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ <0x09> <0x09> ▁ <0x09> <0x09> ▁ <0x09> <0x09> ▁ <0x09> <0x09> ▁ <0x09> <0x09> ▁ <0x09> <0x09> ▁ <0x09> <0x09> ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x09> <0x09> ▁Category : 1 9 5 5 ▁birth s <0x09> <0x09> ▁ <0x09> <0x09> ▁Category : Austral ian ▁rules ▁football ers ▁from |
▁Victoria ▁( Austral ia ) <0x09> <0x09> ▁Category : West ern ▁Bul ld ogs ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Ke ff i ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁in ▁Nas ar awa ▁State , ▁Niger ia . ▁Its ▁headquarters ▁are ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Ke ff i . ▁Ke ff i ▁is ▁ 5 0 ▁kilom eters ▁from ▁Ab u ja . ▁Nas ar awa ▁State ▁university ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Ke ff i ▁sitting ▁along ▁Ke ff i - A kw anga ▁express ▁way . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 1 3 8 km ² ▁and ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁about ▁ 9 2 , 6 6 4 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census . ▁ ▁The ▁postal ▁code ▁of ▁the ▁area ▁is ▁ 9 6 1 . ▁▁ ▁Ke ff i ▁town ▁was ▁founded ▁around ▁ 1 8 0 2 ▁by ▁a ▁Ful ani ▁war rior ▁leader ▁Ab du ▁Z anga ▁who ▁took ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁em ir . ▁His ▁small ▁domin ion ▁was ▁subject ▁to ▁the ▁Z aria ▁em ir ate ▁to ▁which ▁it ▁had ▁to ▁pay ▁an ▁annual ▁t ribute ▁of ▁slaves . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁Ke ff i ▁was ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁an ▁incident ▁that ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁British ▁invasion ▁of ▁Northern ▁Niger ia , ▁after ▁the ▁" mag aj i ", ▁a ▁representative ▁of ▁the ▁Z aria ▁s ultan ▁killed ▁a ▁British ▁officer . ▁When ▁the ▁Mag aj i ▁found ▁refuge ▁in ▁K ano , ▁this ▁was ▁the ▁pre text ▁for ▁L ug ard ▁to |
▁in va de ▁the ▁northern ▁cal i ph ate . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Local ▁Government ▁Are as ▁in ▁Nas ar awa ▁State ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Nas ar awa ▁State <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Over man ▁Committee ▁was ▁a ▁special ▁sub comm ittee ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Senate ▁Committee ▁on ▁the ▁Jud ici ary ▁cha ired ▁by ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Dem ocrat ▁Lee ▁Sl ater ▁Over man . ▁Between ▁September ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁and ▁June ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁it ▁investig ated ▁German ▁and ▁B ols he vik ▁elements ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁It ▁was ▁an ▁early ▁for er un ner ▁of ▁the ▁better ▁known ▁House ▁Un - American ▁Activ ities ▁Committee , ▁and ▁represented ▁the ▁first ▁con gression al ▁committee ▁investigation ▁of ▁commun ism . ▁ ▁The ▁Committee ' s ▁final ▁report ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁It ▁reported ▁on ▁German ▁propag anda , ▁B ols he v ism , ▁and ▁other ▁" un - American ▁activities " ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁on ▁likely ▁effects ▁of ▁commun ism ' s ▁implementation ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁It ▁described ▁German , ▁but ▁not ▁commun ist , ▁propag anda ▁efforts . ▁The ▁Committee ' s ▁report ▁and ▁hear ings ▁were ▁instrument al ▁in ▁fost ering ▁anti - B ols he vik ▁opinion . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁its ▁al lies ▁fought ▁- ▁among ▁other ▁Central ▁Pow ers ▁- ▁the ▁German ▁Empire , |
▁raised ▁concern ▁about ▁the ▁German ▁threat ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁Esp ion age ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁and ▁the ▁Sed ition ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁were ▁passed ▁in ▁response . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Russian ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁the ▁B ols he vik ▁party , ▁led ▁by ▁Vladimir ▁Len in , ▁over th rew ▁the ▁Russian ▁mon archy ▁and ▁instit uted ▁Marx ism - Len in ism . ▁Many ▁Americans ▁were ▁wor ried ▁about ▁the ▁revolution ' s ▁ideas ▁in fil tr ating ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁a ▁phenomen on ▁later ▁named ▁the ▁Red ▁Sc are ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 9 - 2 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁Over man ▁Committee ▁was ▁formally ▁an ▁ad - h oc ▁sub comm ittee ▁of ▁the ▁Senate ▁Committee ▁on ▁the ▁Jud ici ary , ▁but ▁had ▁no ▁formal ▁name . ▁It ▁was ▁cha ired ▁by ▁Senator ▁Lee ▁Sl ater ▁Over man ▁and ▁also ▁included ▁Sen ators ▁Kn ute ▁Nelson ▁of ▁Minnesota , ▁Thomas ▁Ster ling ▁of ▁South ▁Dak ota , ▁William ▁H . ▁King ▁of ▁Ut ah , ▁and ▁Jos iah ▁O . ▁Wol c ott ▁of ▁Del aware . ▁ ▁Initial ▁investigation ▁ ▁The ▁Committee ▁was ▁author ized ▁by ▁Senate ▁Resol ution ▁ 3 0 7 ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁to ▁investigate ▁charges ▁against ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁B rew ers ▁Association ▁( U SB A ) ▁and ▁al lied ▁interests . ▁ ▁B rew ing ▁institutions ▁had |
▁been ▁largely ▁founded ▁by ▁German ▁imm igr ants ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 th ▁century , ▁who ▁brought ▁with ▁them ▁knowledge ▁and ▁techniques ▁for ▁bre wing ▁be er . ▁The ▁Committee ▁interpreted ▁this ▁mission ▁to ▁mean ▁a ▁general ▁pro be ▁into ▁German ▁propag anda ▁and ▁pro - G erman ▁activities ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁H ear ings ▁were ▁mand ated ▁after ▁A . ▁Mitchell ▁Pal mer , ▁the ▁federal ▁government ' s ▁Ali en ▁Property ▁C ust od ian ▁responsible ▁for ▁German - owned ▁property ▁in ▁the ▁U . S ., ▁test ified ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁that ▁the ▁USB A ▁and ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁over wh el ming ly ▁German ▁liqu or ▁industry ▁har bor ed ▁pro - G erman ▁sent iments . ▁He ▁stated ▁that ▁" G erman ▁bre wers ▁of ▁America , ▁in ▁association ▁with ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁B rew ers ' ▁Association " ▁had ▁attempted ▁" to ▁buy ▁a ▁great ▁newspaper " ▁and ▁" control ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁State ▁and ▁Nation ", ▁had ▁generally ▁been ▁" un pat ri otic ", ▁and ▁had ▁" pro - G erman ▁sympath ies ". ▁▁ ▁H ear ings ▁began ▁September ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁shortly ▁before ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁Near ly ▁four ▁dozen ▁witness es ▁test ified . ▁Many ▁were ▁agents ▁of ▁the ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Investig ations ▁( BO I ), ▁the ▁prede cess or ▁of ▁the ▁Federal ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Investig ation ▁( F BI ). |
▁The ▁agents , ▁controvers ial ly ▁and ▁usually ▁err one ously , ▁imp licated ▁high - profile ▁American ▁citizens ▁as ▁pro - G erman , ▁using ▁the ▁f alla cy ▁of ▁gu ilt ▁by ▁association . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁Bureau ▁chief ▁l abeled ▁some ▁people ▁pro - G erman ▁because ▁they ▁had ▁in subst ant ial ▁and ▁non - ide ological ▁acquaint ance ▁with ▁German ▁agents . ▁O thers ▁were ▁accused ▁because ▁their ▁names ▁were ▁discovered ▁in ▁the ▁not ebook s ▁of ▁sus pected ▁German ▁agents , ▁of ▁whom ▁they ▁had ▁never ▁heard . ▁ ▁Many ▁attacked ▁the ▁BO I ' s ▁actions . ▁The ▁Committee ▁heard ▁testim ony ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁not ▁conducted ▁basic ▁background ▁checks ▁of ▁the ▁accused ▁and ▁had ▁not ▁read ▁source ▁material ▁it ▁presented ▁to ▁the ▁Committee . ▁ ▁Committee ▁members ▁critic ized ▁its ▁testim ony ▁as ▁" p ure ly ▁he ars ay ". ▁ ▁Exp ansion ▁of ▁investigation ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁the ▁Senate ▁un anim ously ▁passed ▁Senator ▁Thomas ▁J . ▁Wal sh ' s ▁Senate ▁Resol ution ▁ 4 3 9 , ▁expand ing ▁the ▁Committee ' s ▁investig ations ▁to ▁include ▁" any ▁efforts ▁being ▁made ▁to ▁propag ate ▁in ▁this ▁country ▁the ▁principles ▁of ▁any ▁party ▁exer cis ing ▁or ▁claim ing ▁to ▁exercise ▁any ▁authority ▁in ▁Russia " ▁and ▁" any ▁effort ▁to ▁in cite ▁the ▁over throw ▁of ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁this ▁country ". ▁This ▁decision ▁followed ▁months ▁of ▁sens ational ▁daily |
▁press ▁coverage ▁of ▁revolution ary ▁events ▁abroad ▁and ▁B ols he vik ▁meet ings ▁and ▁events ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁which ▁increased ▁anti - rad ical ▁public ▁opinion . ▁Re ports ▁that ▁some ▁of ▁these ▁meet ings ▁were ▁attended ▁by ▁Congress men ▁caused ▁further ▁out rage . ▁One ▁meeting ▁in ▁particular , ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁Pol i ▁Theater ▁in ▁Washington , ▁DC , ▁was ▁widely ▁controvers ial ▁because ▁of ▁a ▁speech ▁given ▁by ▁Albert ▁Rh ys ▁Williams , ▁a ▁popular ▁Cong reg ational ist ▁minister , ▁who ▁alleg edly ▁said , ▁" America ▁sooner ▁or ▁later ▁is ▁going ▁to ▁accept ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Government ." ▁ ▁Arch ib ald ▁E . ▁Stevens on , ▁a ▁New ▁York ▁att orney ▁with ▁t ies ▁to ▁the ▁Justice ▁Department , ▁likely ▁a ▁" vol unte er ▁sp y ", ▁test ified ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁during ▁the ▁German ▁phase ▁of ▁the ▁sub comm ittee ' s ▁work . ▁He ▁said ▁that ▁anti - war ▁and ▁anti - d raft ▁activ ism ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁which ▁he ▁described ▁as ▁" pro - G erman " ▁activity , ▁had ▁now ▁transformed ▁into ▁propag anda ▁" develop ing ▁sympathy ▁for ▁the ▁B ols he vik ▁movement ." . ▁ ▁The ▁United ▁States ' ▁w art ime ▁enemy , ▁though ▁defeated , ▁had ▁export ed ▁an ▁ide ology ▁that ▁ruled ▁Russia ▁and ▁threatened ▁America ▁an ew . ▁" The ▁B ols he v iki ▁movement ▁is ▁a ▁branch ▁of ▁the |
▁revolution ary ▁social ism ▁of ▁Germany . ▁It ▁had ▁its ▁origin ▁in ▁the ▁philosophy ▁of ▁Marx ▁and ▁its ▁leaders ▁were ▁Germ ans ." ▁ ▁He ▁c ited ▁the ▁propag anda ▁efforts ▁of ▁John ▁Re ed ▁and ▁gave ▁many ▁examples ▁from ▁the ▁foreign ▁press . ▁He ▁told ▁the ▁Sen ators , ▁" We ▁have ▁found ▁money ▁coming ▁into ▁this ▁country ▁from ▁Russia ." ▁Stevens on ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁by ▁historian ▁Regin ▁Schmidt ▁as ▁a ▁" d riv ing ▁force " ▁behind ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁anti - B ols he v ism ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁The ▁final ▁catal yst ▁for ▁the ▁expansion ▁of ▁the ▁investigation ▁was ▁the ▁Seattle ▁General ▁St rike , ▁which ▁began ▁the ▁day ▁before ▁the ▁Senate ▁passed ▁Resol ution ▁ 4 3 9 . ▁This ▁confl u ence ▁of ▁events ▁led ▁members ▁of ▁Congress ▁to ▁believe ▁that ▁the ▁alleg ed ▁German - B ols he v ist ▁link ▁and ▁B ols he v ist ▁threat ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁were ▁real . ▁ ▁B ols he v ism ▁hear ings ▁ ▁The ▁Over man ▁Committee ' s ▁hear ings ▁on ▁B ols he v ism ▁last ed ▁from ▁February ▁ 1 1 ▁to ▁March ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁More ▁than ▁two ▁dozen ▁witness es ▁were ▁interview ed . ▁About ▁two - third s ▁were ▁viol ently ▁anti - B ols he vik ▁and ▁advoc ated ▁for ▁military ▁inter vention ▁in ▁Russia . ▁Some ▁were ▁refuge es ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁D ias por a |
— many ▁former ▁government ▁officials — who ▁left ▁Russia ▁because ▁of ▁B ols he v ism . ▁The ▁overrid ing ▁theme ▁was ▁the ▁social ▁cha os ▁the ▁Revolution ▁had ▁brought , ▁but ▁three ▁sub - th emes ▁were ▁also ▁frequent : ▁anti - American ism ▁among ▁American ▁intellig ents ia , ▁the ▁relationship ▁between ▁Jews ▁and ▁Commun ist ▁Russia , ▁and ▁the ▁" n ational ization " ▁of ▁women ▁after ▁the ▁Soviet ▁revolution . ▁ ▁Stevens on ▁produced ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 — l ater ▁reduced ▁to ▁ 6 2 — al leg ed ▁commun ist ▁profess ors ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Like ▁lists ▁of ▁names ▁provided ▁during ▁the ▁German ▁propag anda ▁hear ings , ▁this ▁list ▁prov oked ▁an ▁out c ry . ▁Stevens on ▁declared ▁univers ities ▁to ▁be ▁bre eding ▁grounds ▁of ▁sed ition , ▁and ▁that ▁institutions ▁of ▁higher ▁learning ▁were ▁" fest ering ▁masses ▁of ▁pure ▁at he ism " ▁and ▁" the ▁gross est ▁kind ▁of ▁material ism ". ▁Amb assador ▁to ▁Russia ▁David ▁R . ▁Francis ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁B ols he vik s ▁were ▁killing ▁everybody ▁" who ▁we ars ▁a ▁white ▁col lar ▁or ▁who ▁is ▁educated ▁and ▁who ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁B ols he vik ." ▁ ▁Another ▁rec urr ing ▁theme ▁at ▁the ▁hear ings ▁was ▁the ▁relationship ▁between ▁Jews ▁and ▁commun ists ▁in ▁Russia . ▁One ▁Method ist ▁pre acher ▁stated ▁that ▁nin ete en ▁out ▁of ▁twenty ▁commun ists ▁were ▁Jews ; ▁others ▁said ▁the ▁Red |
▁Army ▁was ▁composed ▁mainly ▁of ▁former ▁East ▁Side ▁New ▁York ▁Jews . ▁However , ▁after ▁criticism ▁from ▁Jewish ▁organizations , ▁Senator ▁Over man ▁clar ified ▁that ▁the ▁Committee ▁was ▁discuss ing ▁" ap ost ate " ▁Jews ▁only , ▁defined ▁by ▁witness ▁George ▁Sim ons ▁as ▁" one ▁who ▁has ▁given ▁up ▁the ▁faith ▁of ▁his ▁f athers ▁or ▁for ef athers ." ▁ ▁A ▁third ▁frequent ▁theme ▁was ▁the ▁" free ▁love " ▁and ▁" n ational ization " ▁of ▁women ▁alleg edly ▁occurr ing ▁in ▁Soviet ▁Russia . ▁Wit ness es ▁described ▁an ▁org y ▁in ▁which ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁" res pect ▁for ▁virt uous ▁women "; ▁others ▁who ▁test ified , ▁including ▁those ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁in ▁Russia ▁during ▁the ▁Revolution , ▁denied ▁this . ▁ ▁After ▁one ▁witness ▁read ▁a ▁Soviet ▁dec ree ▁saying ▁that ▁Russian ▁women ▁had ▁the ▁" right ▁to ▁choose ▁from ▁among ▁men ", ▁Senator ▁Ster ling ▁threw ▁up ▁his ▁hands ▁and ▁declared ▁that ▁this ▁was ▁a ▁neg ation ▁of ▁" free ▁love ". ▁However , ▁another ▁dec ree ▁was ▁produced ▁stating , ▁" A ▁girl ▁having ▁reached ▁her ▁eigh teenth ▁year ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁announced ▁as ▁the ▁property ▁of ▁the ▁state ." ▁ ▁The ▁Sen ators ▁were ▁particularly ▁interested ▁in ▁how ▁B ols he v ism ▁had ▁un ited ▁many ▁dispar ate ▁elements ▁on ▁the ▁left , ▁including ▁an arch ists ▁and ▁social ists ▁of ▁many ▁types , ▁" prov iding ▁a ▁common ▁platform ▁for ▁all ▁these ▁radical ▁groups ▁to ▁stand ▁on ." ▁Senator |
▁Kn ute ▁Nelson ▁of ▁Minnesota ▁respond ed : ▁" Then ▁they ▁have ▁really ▁rendered ▁a ▁service ▁to ▁the ▁various ▁classes ▁of ▁progress ives ▁and ▁reform ers ▁that ▁we ▁have ▁here ▁in ▁this ▁country ." ▁Other ▁witness es ▁described ▁the ▁horror s ▁of ▁the ▁revolution ▁in ▁Russia ▁and ▁spec ulated ▁on ▁the ▁consequences ▁of ▁a ▁compar able ▁revolution ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States : ▁the ▁im position ▁of ▁at he ism , ▁the ▁se iz ure ▁of ▁newsp apers , ▁assault s ▁on ▁banks ▁and ▁the ▁abol ition ▁of ▁the ▁ins urance ▁industry . ▁The ▁Sen ators ▁heard ▁various ▁views ▁of ▁women ▁in ▁Russia , ▁including ▁claims ▁that ▁women ▁were ▁made ▁the ▁property ▁of ▁the ▁state . ▁ ▁Final ▁report ▁ ▁The ▁Committee ' s ▁final ▁report ▁detailed ▁its ▁investig ations ▁into ▁German ▁propag anda , ▁B ols he v ism , ▁and ▁other ▁" un - American ▁activities " ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁predicted ▁effects ▁of ▁commun ism ' s ▁implementation ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁It ▁was ▁end ors ed ▁un anim ously . ▁Re leased ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁it ▁was ▁over ▁ 3 5 , 0 0 0 words ▁long , ▁and ▁was ▁compiled ▁by ▁Major ▁Ed win ▁Low ry ▁H umes . ▁ ▁The ▁Committee ▁did ▁little ▁to ▁demonstrate ▁the ▁extent ▁of ▁commun ist ▁activity ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁In ▁its ▁analysis ▁of ▁what ▁would ▁happen ▁if ▁capital ism ▁were ▁over th rown ▁and ▁replaced ▁by ▁commun ism , ▁it ▁war ned |
▁of ▁w ides p read ▁mis ery ▁and ▁hung er , ▁the ▁conf is cation ▁of ▁and ▁national ization ▁of ▁all ▁property , ▁and ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁" a ▁program ▁of ▁terror , ▁fear , ▁ex termin ation , ▁and ▁destruction ." ▁ ▁Anti - B ols he vik ▁public ▁sentiment ▁sur ged ▁after ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁report ▁and ▁en su ing ▁public ity . ▁ ▁German ▁investigation ▁ ▁Johann ▁Heinrich ▁von ▁Bern stor ff , ▁Karl ▁Boy - Ed , ▁Franz ▁von ▁Pap en , ▁Dr . ▁Heinrich ▁Albert , ▁and ▁Franz ▁von ▁R int elen , ▁among ▁others , ▁were ▁Germ ans ▁investig ated ▁for ▁producing ▁propag anda . ▁All ▁were ▁previously ▁ev icted ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁for ▁being ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁German ▁esp ion age ▁ring . ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁B rew ers ▁Association , ▁the ▁National ▁German - American ▁Alliance , ▁and ▁the ▁Hamburg - American ▁steam ship ▁line ▁were ▁investig ated . ▁The ▁final ▁report ▁concluded ▁that ▁these ▁organizations , ▁through ▁financial ▁support , ▁b rib es , ▁boy cot ts , ▁and ▁co erc ion , ▁sought ▁to ▁control ▁the ▁press , ▁elections , ▁and ▁public ▁opinion . ▁ ▁B ols he v ism ▁investigation ▁ ▁The ▁report ▁described ▁the ▁Commun ist ▁system ▁in ▁Russia ▁as ▁" a ▁reign ▁of ▁terror ▁un par alle led ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁modern ▁civil ization ". ▁It ▁concluded ▁that ▁inst itut ing ▁Marx ism - Len in ism ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁would ▁result ▁in ▁" the ▁destruction ▁of |
▁life ▁and ▁property ", ▁the ▁dep riv ation ▁" of ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁affairs ▁of ▁government ", ▁and ▁the ▁" fur ther ▁suppress [ ion ]" ▁of ▁a ▁" subst ant ial ▁rural ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁population ." ▁Furthermore , ▁there ▁would ▁be ▁an ▁" open ing ▁of ▁the ▁doors ▁of ▁all ▁pr isons ▁and ▁pen it enti aries ". ▁It ▁would ▁result ▁in ▁the ▁" se iz ure ▁and ▁conf is cation ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 2 , 8 9 6 ▁newsp apers ▁and ▁period ical s ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States " ▁and ▁" complete ▁control ▁of ▁all ▁bank ing ▁institutions ▁and ▁their ▁assets ". ▁" One ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁app alling ▁and ▁far ▁reaching ▁consequences ... ▁would ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁conf is cation ▁and ▁liquid ation ▁of ... ▁life ▁ins urance ▁companies ." ▁The ▁report ▁also ▁critic ized ▁" the ▁at he ism ▁that ▁per me ates ▁the ▁whole ▁Russian ▁dict ator ship "; ▁" they ▁have ▁den ounced ▁our ▁religion ▁and ▁our ▁God ▁as ▁' lies ' ." ▁ ▁Despite ▁the ▁report ' s ▁r het or ic ▁and ▁the ▁head lines ▁it ▁produced , ▁the ▁report ▁contained ▁little ▁evidence ▁of ▁commun ist ▁propag anda ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁or ▁its ▁effect ▁on ▁American ▁labor . ▁ ▁Re comm end ations ▁ ▁The ▁report ' s ▁main ▁recommend ations ▁included ▁deport ing ▁al ien ▁radical s ▁and ▁en act ing ▁pe ac etime ▁sed ition ▁laws . ▁Other ▁recommend ations ▁included ▁strict ▁reg ulation |
▁of ▁the ▁manufact ure , ▁distribution , ▁and ▁possession ▁of ▁high ▁explos ives ; ▁control ▁and ▁reg ulation ▁of ▁foreign ▁language ▁publications , ▁and ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁patri otic ▁propag anda . ▁ ▁Press ▁reaction ▁The ▁press ▁reve led ▁in ▁the ▁investigation ▁and ▁the ▁final ▁report , ▁referring ▁to ▁the ▁Rus si ans ▁as ▁" ass ass ins ▁and ▁mad men ," ▁" human ▁sc um ," ▁" cr ime ▁mad ," ▁and ▁" be asts ." ▁The ▁occas ional ▁testim ony ▁by ▁some ▁who ▁viewed ▁the ▁Russian ▁Revolution ▁favor ably ▁lack ed ▁the ▁p unch ▁of ▁its ▁critics . ▁One ▁extended ▁head line ▁in ▁February ▁read : ▁ ▁S ays ▁R iff ra ff , ▁Not ▁the ▁To ilers , ▁Rule ▁in ▁Russia ▁American ▁Manager ▁of ▁Great ▁American ▁Plant ▁There ▁T ells ▁Exper ien ces ▁to ▁Sen ators ▁Out s iders ▁Se ized ▁Power ▁C ame ▁Back ▁from ▁Other ▁Count ries ▁and ▁are ▁G row ing ▁Rich ▁at ▁People ' s ▁Exp ense ▁Fact ories ▁Being ▁Ru ined ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁Rub les ▁Sp ent ▁in ▁Three ▁Month s ▁at ▁One ▁Plant ▁to ▁Produ ce ▁ 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁W orth ▁of ▁Good s ▁ ▁And ▁one ▁day ▁later : ▁ ▁B ols he v ism ▁B ared ▁by ▁R . E . ▁Sim m ons ▁Form er ▁Agent ▁in ▁Russia ▁of ▁Com merce ▁Department ▁Con cludes ▁his ▁Story ▁to ▁Sen ators ▁Women ▁are ▁' National ized ' ▁Official ▁Dec |
rees ▁Re ve al ▁Dep th s ▁of ▁D eg rad ation ▁to ▁Which ▁They ▁are ▁Sub ject ed ▁by ▁Red s ▁Germ ans ▁Prof it ▁by ▁Cha os ▁Fact ories ▁and ▁M ills ▁are ▁Cl osed ▁and ▁the ▁Mach in ery ▁Sold ▁to ▁Th em ▁for ▁a ▁Song ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁final ▁report , ▁newsp apers ▁printed ▁sens ational ▁articles ▁with ▁head lines ▁in ▁capital ▁letters : ▁" Red ▁Per il ▁Here ", ▁" Plan ▁Blo ody ▁Revolution ", ▁and ▁" W ant ▁Washington ▁Government ▁Over turn ed ." ▁ ▁Crit ic ism ▁Crit ics ▁den ounced ▁the ▁Committee ▁as ▁a ▁" prop ag anda ▁appar atus " ▁to ▁sto ke ▁anti - G erman ▁and ▁anti - S ov iet ▁fear s , ▁feed ing ▁the ▁Red ▁Sc are ▁and ▁spread ing ▁mis information ▁about ▁Soviet ▁Russia . ▁ ▁The ▁Committee ▁attract ed ▁criticism ▁from ▁the ▁public ▁for ▁its ▁perce ived ▁over re ach , ▁and ▁especially ▁for ▁publishing ▁the ▁names ▁of ▁those ▁accused ▁of ▁association ▁with ▁commun ist ▁organizations . ▁One ▁woman ▁from ▁Kentucky ▁wrote ▁to ▁Senator ▁Over man ▁on ▁beh alf ▁of ▁her ▁sister , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁accused ▁by ▁Arch ib ald ▁Stevens on , ▁critic izing ▁the ▁Committee ▁for ▁its ▁" br ut al ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁stupid ▁mis use ▁of ▁power " ▁and ▁" g ross ▁and ▁cruel ▁in just ice ▁to ▁men ▁and ▁women ▁the ▁full ▁peer ▁in ▁intellect , ▁character ▁and ▁patri ot ism ▁of ▁any ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States |
▁Senate ". ▁The ▁Committee ▁was ▁compared ▁to ▁" a ▁w itch ▁h unt " ▁in ▁one ▁exchange ▁with ▁a ▁witness . ▁ ▁After math ▁ ▁The ▁Over man ▁Committee ▁did ▁not ▁achieve ▁any ▁last ing ▁re forms . ▁However , ▁the ▁panel ' s ▁sens ational ism ▁played ▁a ▁decis ive ▁role ▁in ▁increasing ▁America ' s ▁fear s ▁during ▁the ▁Red ▁Sc are ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 9 - 2 0 . ▁Its ▁investig ations ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁blue print ▁for ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Justice ' s ▁anti - rad ical ▁Pal mer ▁ra ids ▁late ▁in ▁the ▁year . ▁ ▁These ▁were ▁led ▁by ▁Att orney ▁General ▁Pal mer , ▁whose ▁testim ony ▁about ▁German ▁bre wers ▁had ▁been ▁the ▁catal yst ▁for ▁the ▁Committee ' s ▁creation . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁a ▁month ▁after ▁the ▁Committee ' s ▁hear ings ▁ended , ▁a ▁bomb ▁was ▁ma iled ▁to ▁Over man ' s ▁home , ▁one ▁of ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁letter ▁bomb s ▁sent ▁to ▁prominent ▁Americans ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁United ▁States ▁an arch ist ▁bomb ings . ▁It ▁was ▁intercept ed ▁before ▁it ▁reached ▁its ▁target . ▁ ▁Later ▁investig ative ▁comm itte es ▁The ▁Over man ▁Committee ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁many ▁Cong r essional ▁comm itte es ▁to ▁investigate ▁commun ism . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁Over man ▁Committee ' s ▁report , ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁State ▁Legisl ature ▁established ▁the |
▁L usk ▁Committee , ▁which ▁operated ▁from ▁June ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁to ▁January ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁Arch ib ald ▁E . ▁Stevens on ▁was ▁its ▁chief ▁coun sel ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁its ▁witness es . ▁Un like ▁the ▁Over man ▁Committee , ▁the ▁L usk ▁Committee ▁was ▁active ▁in ▁ra iding ▁suspect ▁organizations . ▁ ▁The ▁Over man ▁Committee ▁was ▁an ▁early ▁for er un ner ▁of ▁the ▁better ▁known ▁House ▁Un - American ▁Activ ities ▁Committee , ▁which ▁was ▁created ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁later . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Primary ▁sources ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Senate , ▁Committee ▁on ▁the ▁Jud ici ary . ▁B rew ing ▁and ▁Li qu or ▁Inter ests ▁and ▁German ▁Pro pag anda : ▁H ear ings ▁Before ▁a ▁Sub comm ittee ▁of ▁the ▁Committee ▁on ▁the ▁Jud ici ary , ▁United ▁States ▁Senate , ▁Si xty - fif th ▁Congress , ▁Second ▁and ▁Third ▁S essions , ▁P urs u ant ▁to ▁S . ▁Res . ▁ 3 0 7 . ▁volume ▁ 1 , ▁volume ▁ 2 . ▁G ov t . ▁print . ▁off ., ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁Original ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan . ▁ ▁Second ary ▁sources ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Volume ▁ 1 ▁and ▁volume ▁ 2 ▁of ▁the ▁Committee ' s ▁hear ings ▁on ▁the ▁bre wing ▁industry ▁and ▁German ▁propag anda , ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Congress ▁via ▁Google ▁Books ▁ ▁volume ▁ 1 ▁of ▁the ▁Committee ' s ▁hear |
ings ▁on ▁B ols he vik ▁propag anda ], ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Congress ▁via ▁Google ▁Books ▁Ex cer pt ▁from ▁the ▁Committee ' s ▁Final ▁Report . ▁New ▁York ▁Times : ▁" S en ators ▁Tell ▁What ▁B ols he v ism ▁in ▁America ▁Me ans ," ▁June ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁accessed ▁February ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁Category : Ant i - comm un ism ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Def unct ▁sub comm itte es ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Senate ▁Category : History ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁( 1 9 1 8 – 1 9 4 5 ) ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Pres iden cy ▁of ▁Wood row ▁Wilson ▁Category : Ant i - comm un ist ▁organizations ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁B unn ak ▁Ph at th ana ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁tamb on ▁( sub d istrict ) ▁of ▁M ue ang ▁L amp ang ▁District , ▁in ▁L amp ang ▁Province , ▁Th ailand . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁it ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 5 1 6 5 ▁people . ▁The ▁tamb on ▁contains ▁ 1 1 ▁villages . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : T amb on ▁of ▁L amp ang ▁Province ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁L amp ang ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁R ue ▁D umen ge ▁is ▁a ▁street ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁arr |
ondissement ▁of ▁Lyon , ▁in ▁the ▁quarter ▁of ▁La ▁Cro ix - R ous se . ▁It ▁begins ▁on ▁the ▁rue ▁du ▁Mail , ▁cross es ▁the ▁rue ▁du ▁Pav illon ▁and ▁the ▁rue ▁de ▁B elf ort ▁and ▁ends ▁on ▁the ▁rue ▁Dum ont - d ' U r ville . ▁The ▁street ▁is ▁served ▁by ▁a ▁met ro ▁station ▁of ▁the ▁line ▁C ▁and ▁a ▁vel o ' v ▁station . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁nin ete enth ▁century , ▁Pierre - G ab riel ▁D umen ge ▁owned ▁some ▁lands ▁in ▁La ▁Cro ix - R ous se . ▁He ▁yield ed ▁to ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Lyon ▁some ▁of ▁them ▁which ▁were ▁necessary ▁to ▁align ▁the ▁street . ▁In ▁ 1 8 1 2 , ▁on ▁a ▁two - acre ▁field , ▁he ▁built ▁an ▁estate ▁called ▁Cl os ▁D umen ge , ▁which ▁provided ▁building - work sh ops ▁spe cially ▁designed ▁for ▁we a vers ▁( the ▁can uts ). ▁They ▁are ▁particularly ▁bright ▁and ▁high ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁house ▁the ▁lo oms . ▁D umen ge ▁took ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁give ▁his ▁name ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁streets ▁border ing ▁the ▁housing ▁estate ▁( see ▁the ▁municipal ▁council ▁of ▁ 2 1 ▁September ▁ 1 8 1 7 ). ▁The ▁rue ▁Sainte - R ose ▁( called ▁after ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁the ▁man ▁who ▁had ▁opened ▁the ▁street ) ▁and ▁rue ▁D umen ge ▁were ▁renamed ▁the ▁rue ▁de ▁l ' É man |
cip ation ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 9 , ▁then ▁rue ▁de ▁la ▁D ém ocrat ie ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 0 , ▁but ▁both ▁streets ▁res umed ▁their ▁former ▁name ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 1 . ▁Finally ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 1 , ▁the ▁rue ▁Sainte - R ose ▁was ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁the ▁rue ▁D umen ge . ▁As ▁memory ▁of ▁the ▁can ut ▁past ▁of ▁the ▁street , ▁a ▁sh utt le ▁of ▁we aving ▁is ▁represented ▁on ▁the ▁gate ▁at ▁No . ▁ 1 0 . ▁ ▁Ad èle ▁B ouv ier , ▁grand m other ▁of ▁French ▁President ▁Nicolas ▁S ark o zy , ▁was ▁born ▁at ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁rue ▁D umen ge , ▁on ▁ 5 ▁March ▁ 1 8 9 1 . ▁ ▁Architecture ▁and ▁associations ▁In ▁the ▁southern ▁side , ▁a ▁beautiful ▁stone ▁arch way ▁can ▁be ▁seen , ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁rue ▁du ▁Pav illon , ▁a ▁small ▁one - story ▁house ▁and ▁a ▁work shop ▁with ▁bal ustr ades , ▁st airs ▁and ▁a ▁glass ▁roof . ▁In ▁the ▁northern ▁side , ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁alignment ▁of ▁three ▁or ▁four - floor ▁fac ades ▁of ▁resident ial ▁buildings , ▁mainly ▁can ut - sty led . ▁The ▁street ▁ends ▁with ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁small ▁houses , ▁and ▁the ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁rue ▁Dum ont - d ' U r ville ▁is ▁ad orn ed ▁with ▁a ▁little ▁man ▁in ▁its ▁n iche . ▁There ▁are ▁few ▁restaur ants |
▁as ▁well ▁as ▁work sh ops ▁which ▁house ▁several ▁associations ▁about ▁environment , ▁including ▁Green pe ace ▁France ▁( L y on ▁group ), ▁E colog ist ▁magazine ▁S ! l ence , ▁the ▁network ▁Sort ir ▁du ▁N uc le aire , ▁Sal on ▁Prim rose , ▁and ▁others . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 4 th ▁arr ondissement ▁of ▁Lyon ▁D umen ge <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁salv age ▁path way ▁is ▁a ▁path way ▁in ▁which ▁a ▁bi ological ▁product ▁is ▁produced ▁from ▁inter medi ates ▁in ▁the ▁de grad ative ▁path way ▁of ▁its ▁own ▁or ▁a ▁similar ▁subst ance . ▁The ▁term ▁often ▁refers ▁to ▁nucle ot ide ▁salv age ▁in ▁particular , ▁in ▁which ▁nucle ot ides ▁( pur ine ▁and ▁p yr im id ine ) ▁are ▁synth es ized ▁from ▁inter medi ates ▁in ▁their ▁de grad ative ▁path way . ▁ ▁N uc le ot ide ▁salv age ▁path ways ▁are ▁used ▁to ▁recover ▁bases ▁and ▁nucle os ides ▁that ▁are ▁formed ▁during ▁de grad ation ▁of ▁R NA ▁and ▁DNA . ▁This ▁is ▁important ▁in ▁some ▁org ans ▁because ▁some ▁t issues ▁cannot ▁under go ▁de ▁nov o ▁synth esis . ▁The ▁salv aged ▁products ▁can ▁then ▁be ▁converted ▁back ▁into ▁nucle ot ides . ▁Salv age ▁path ways ▁are ▁targets ▁for ▁drug ▁development , ▁one ▁family ▁being ▁called ▁ant if ol ates . ▁ ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁other ▁bi olog ically - important ▁subst ances , ▁like ▁m eth ion ine ▁and ▁nic |
ot inate , ▁have ▁their ▁own ▁salv age ▁path ways ▁to ▁rec ycle ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁mole c ule . ▁ ▁Sub str ates ▁The ▁nucle ot ide ▁salv age ▁path way ▁requires ▁distinct ▁substr ates : ▁ ▁P yr im id ines ▁U rid ine ▁ph osph ory l ase ▁or ▁p yr im id ine - n uc le os ide ▁ph osph ory l ase ▁adds ▁rib ose ▁ 1 - ph osph ate ▁to ▁the ▁free ▁base ▁u rac il , ▁forming ▁u rid ine . ▁U rid ine ▁kin ase ▁( aka ▁u rid ine – cy tid ine ▁kin ase ) ▁can ▁then ▁ph osph ory late ▁this ▁nucle os ide ▁into ▁u rid ine ▁mon oph osph ate ▁( U MP ). ▁U MP / C MP ▁kin ase ▁() ▁can ▁ph osph ory late ▁U MP ▁into ▁u rid ine ▁di ph osph ate , ▁which ▁nucle os ide ▁di ph osph ate ▁kin ase ▁can ▁ph osph ory late ▁into ▁u rid ine ▁tri ph osph ate . ▁ ▁Th ym id ine ▁ph osph ory l ase ▁or ▁p yr im id ine - n uc le os ide ▁ph osph ory l ase ▁adds ▁ 2 - de ox y - alpha - D - ri bose ▁ 1 - ph osph ate ▁to ▁th ym ine , ▁forming ▁th ym id ine . ▁Th ym id ine ▁kin ase ▁can ▁then ▁ph osph ory late ▁this ▁comp ound ▁into ▁th ym |
id ine ▁mon oph osph ate ▁( T MP ). ▁Th ym id yl ate ▁kin ase ▁can ▁ph osph ory late ▁T MP ▁into ▁th ym id ine ▁di ph osph ate , ▁which ▁nucle os ide ▁di ph osph ate ▁kin ase ▁can ▁ph osph ory late ▁into ▁th ym id ine ▁tri ph osph ate . ▁ ▁The ▁nucle os ides ▁c yt id ine ▁and ▁de ox y cy tid ine ▁can ▁be ▁salv aged ▁along ▁the ▁u rac il ▁path way ▁by ▁c yt id ine ▁de amin ase , ▁which ▁converts ▁them ▁to ▁u rid ine ▁and ▁de ox y ur id ine , ▁respectively . ▁Alternatively , ▁u rid ine – cy tid ine ▁kin ase ▁can ▁ph osph ory late ▁them ▁into ▁c yt id ine ▁mon oph osph ate ▁( C MP ) ▁or ▁de ox y cy tid ine ▁mon oph osph ate ▁( d C MP ). ▁U MP / C MP ▁kin ase ▁can ▁ph osph ory late ▁( d ) C MP ▁into ▁c yt id ine ▁di ph osph ate ▁or ▁de ox y cy tid ine ▁di ph osph ate , ▁which ▁nucle os ide ▁di ph osph ate ▁kin ase ▁can ▁ph osph ory late ▁into ▁c yt id ine ▁tri ph osph ate ▁or ▁de ox y cy tid ine ▁tri ph osph ate . ▁ ▁Pur ines ▁Ph osph or ib os yl trans fer ases ▁add ▁activ ated ▁rib ose - 5 - ph |
osph ate ▁( Ph osph or ib os yl ▁py roph osph ate , ▁PR PP ) ▁to ▁bases , ▁creating ▁nucle os ide ▁mon oph osph ates . ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁types ▁of ▁ph osph or ib os yl trans fer ases : ▁ad en ine ▁ph osph or ib os yl trans fer ase ▁( AP RT ) ▁and ▁hy po x anth ine - gu an ine ▁ph osph or ib os yl trans fer ase ▁( H G PR T ). ▁H G PR T ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁en zym e ▁in ▁Pur ine ▁path way ▁met abol ism ▁and ▁its ▁def ic iency ▁is ▁imp licated ▁in ▁L esch – N y han ▁synd rome . ▁▁ ▁The ▁par as ite ▁Pl as mod ium ▁fal ci par um ▁re lies ▁exclus ively ▁on ▁the ▁pur ine ▁salv age ▁path way ▁for ▁its ▁pur ine ▁nucle ot ide ▁requirements . ▁Thus , ▁en zym es ▁const itut ing ▁the ▁pur ine ▁salv age ▁path way ▁in ▁the ▁par as ite ▁are ▁potential ▁targets ▁for ▁drug ▁discovery . ▁ 5 ´ n uc le ot id ases ▁catal y ze ▁the ▁hydro ly s is ▁of ▁pur ine ▁mon on uc le ot ides ▁to ▁their ▁respective ▁nucle os ides ▁and ▁ph osph ate . ▁The ▁nucle os ides ▁are ▁taken ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁cell ▁by ▁trans por ters ▁and ▁are ▁fun ne led ▁through ▁the ▁salv age ▁path way . ▁If ▁the ▁nucle os ide ▁is ▁ad en |
os ine , ▁it ▁is ▁acted ▁upon ▁by ▁ad en os ine ▁de amin ases ▁to ▁convert ▁it ▁into ▁in os ine . ▁This ▁met abol ite , ▁in ▁turn , ▁is ▁acted ▁upon ▁by ▁pur ine ▁nucle os ide ▁ph osph ory l ase ▁and ▁is ▁converted ▁to ▁hy po x anth ine . ▁Hy po x anth ine ▁is ▁acted ▁upon ▁by ▁H G X PR T ( hy po x anth ine ▁gu an ine ▁x anth ine ▁ph osph or ib os yl ▁transfer ase ) ▁in ▁the ▁par as ite ▁to ▁convert ▁the ▁respective ▁nucle ob ase ▁to ▁its ▁nucle ot ide ▁mon oph osph ate , ▁respectively ▁( i . e ., ▁I MP , ▁G MP ▁or ▁X MP ). ▁If ▁it ▁is ▁I MP , ▁this ▁is ▁subsequently ▁acted ▁upon ▁by ▁ad en yl os u cc inate ▁synth ase ▁and ▁ad en yl os u cc inate ▁ly ase , ▁in ▁a ▁two ▁step ▁process , ▁to ▁convert ▁it ▁into ▁s AMP ▁and ▁A MP , ▁respectively . ▁On ▁the ▁contrary , ▁I MP ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁acted ▁upon ▁by ▁I MP ▁de h ydro gen ase ▁and ▁G MP ▁synth et ase ▁to ▁convert ▁it ▁into ▁G MP . ▁ ▁Fol ate ▁b ios yn thesis ▁T et rah ydro fol ic ▁acid ▁and ▁its ▁derivatives ▁are ▁produced ▁by ▁salv age ▁path ways ▁from ▁G TP . ▁ ▁Other ▁salv age ▁path ways ▁L - m eth ion ine ▁salv age ▁is ▁the |
▁path way ▁that ▁reg ener ates ▁m eth ion ine ▁from ▁its ▁down stream ▁products . ▁A ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁path way ▁uses ▁m eth yl th io aden os ine ▁( M TA ), ▁forming ▁the ▁so - called ▁M TA ▁cycle ▁with ▁its ▁synth es izing ▁reaction . ▁This ▁sul ph ur - re cy cling ▁action ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁humans , ▁and ▁seems ▁to ▁be ▁universal ▁among ▁aer ob ic ▁life . ▁ ▁Nic ot inate ▁salv age ▁is ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁reg ener ating ▁nic ot in am ide ▁ad en ine ▁din uc le ot ide ▁from ▁nic ot in ic ▁acid . ▁This ▁path way ▁is ▁important ▁for ▁cont rolling ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁ox id ative ▁stress ▁in ▁cells . ▁The ▁human ▁gene ▁N AP RT ▁enc odes ▁the ▁main ▁en zym e ▁in ▁the ▁path way . ▁Can cer ▁cells , ▁which ▁have ▁increased ▁N AD ▁requirements , ▁tend ▁to ▁up reg ulate ▁the ▁path way . ▁ ▁Salv age ▁path ways ▁also ▁exist ▁for ▁cer am ide , ▁c ob al amin , ▁cell ▁wall ▁components , ▁and ▁t et rah ydro bi opter in ▁in ▁various ▁organ isms . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Category : N uc le ot ides <0x0A> </s> ▁Fred ▁Win chester ▁S lad en ▁( Nov ember ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁– ▁July ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 5 ) ▁was ▁career ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁officer ▁who ▁rose ▁to ▁the |
▁rank ▁of ▁Major ▁General ▁and ▁became ▁Super int endent ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Military ▁Academy . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁son ▁of ▁English - born ▁Joseph ▁Al ton ▁S lad en ▁( 1 8 4 1 - 1 9 1 1 ) ▁and ▁Mar tha ▁F . ▁Win chester . ▁Joseph ▁A ▁S lad en ▁met ▁with ▁C och ise ▁in ▁the ▁company ▁of ▁General ▁Oliver ▁Ot is ▁Howard , ▁and ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Medal ▁of ▁Honor ▁for ▁his ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁War . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁S lad en ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁November ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 8 6 7 ▁in ▁Low ell , ▁Massachusetts ▁to ▁Joseph ▁Al ton ▁S lad en ▁( 1 8 4 1 - 1 9 1 1 ). ▁ ▁Education ▁S lad en ▁received ▁his ▁appointment ▁to ▁the ▁US ▁Military ▁Academy ▁from ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Neb r aska , ▁gradu ating ▁ 2 7 th ▁out ▁of ▁ 5 4 ▁in ▁his ▁class ▁of ▁ 1 8 9 0 . ▁ ▁Military ▁career ▁S lad en ▁began ▁his ▁military ▁career ▁commission ed ▁an ▁officer ▁in ▁the ▁Infantry ▁branch ▁upon ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁the ▁US ▁Military ▁Academy . ▁From ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁he ▁was ▁Command ant ▁of ▁Cad ets . ▁ ▁During ▁World ▁War , ▁S lad en ▁served ▁as ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Infantry ▁Brigade , ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Third ▁Infantry ▁Division . ▁He ▁was ▁decor ated ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Service ▁Cross ▁and ▁Dist |
ingu ished ▁Service ▁Medal ▁for ▁leading ▁of ▁his ▁brig ade . ▁ ▁He ▁would ▁serve ▁in ▁the ▁Army ▁until ▁his ▁ret irement ▁on ▁November ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 3 1 . ▁ ▁He ▁achieved ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁Major ▁General ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁ 3 2 nd ▁Super int endent ▁of ▁US ▁Military ▁Academy ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 6 . ▁He ▁later ▁served ▁as ▁Super int endent ▁of ▁Fort ▁Mc Hen ry ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 2 . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁S lad en ▁married ▁M s . ▁Elizabeth ▁Le f fer ts ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁on ▁October ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁at ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Inc arn ation ▁on ▁Mad ison ▁Avenue . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁S lad en ' s ▁gro oms men ▁was ▁another ▁future ▁West ▁Point ▁Super int endent , ▁William ▁D . ▁Con ner . ▁ ▁Death ▁ ▁S lad en ▁died ▁in ▁New ▁London , ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Army ▁gener als ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Military ▁Academy ▁al umn i ▁Category : Command ants ▁of ▁the ▁Corps ▁of ▁Cad ets ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Military ▁Academy ▁Category : Super int end ents ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Military |
▁Academy ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁West ▁Point ▁C emetery ▁Category : American ▁military ▁personnel ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : American ▁military ▁personnel ▁of ▁the ▁Philipp ine – American ▁War <0x0A> </s> ▁Mag net o - E lect ric ▁Sp in - Or bit ▁( ME SO ) ▁is ▁a ▁technology ▁for ▁construct ing ▁scal able ▁integrated ▁circ uits . ▁M ES O ▁devices ▁operate ▁by ▁the ▁coupling ▁of ▁the ▁Mag net oe lect ric ▁effect ▁with ▁the ▁spin ▁orbit ▁coupling ▁effect . ▁Specifically , ▁the ▁mang et oe lect ric ▁effect ▁will ▁indu ce ▁a ▁change ▁in ▁Mag net ization ▁within ▁the ▁device ▁due ▁to ▁an ▁induced ▁electric ▁field , ▁which ▁can ▁then ▁be ▁read ▁out ▁by ▁the ▁spin ▁orbit ▁coupling ▁component . ▁This ▁mechanism ▁is ▁analog ous ▁to ▁how ▁a ▁C M OS ▁device ▁oper ates ▁with ▁the ▁source , ▁gate ▁and ▁d rain ▁electro des ▁work ▁together ▁to ▁form ▁a ▁logic ▁gate . ▁Comp ared ▁to ▁C M OS , ▁M ES O ▁circ uits ▁require ▁less ▁energy ▁for ▁switching , ▁lower ▁operating ▁voltage , ▁and ▁feature ▁a ▁higher ▁integration ▁density , ▁making ▁them ▁ideal ▁candidates ▁to ▁replace ▁C M OS ▁based ▁devices ▁in ▁the ▁future . ▁The ▁technology ▁is ▁currently ▁in ▁development ▁by ▁Intel ▁and ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁Ber keley . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁category : Sp in tr on ics <0x0A> </s> ▁Michael ▁Bur ley ▁( born ▁January ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 5 3 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁modern ▁pent ath |
lete . ▁He ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁and ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁U . S . ▁Olympic ▁team ▁but ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁comp ete ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Olympic ▁Committee ' s ▁boy c ott ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁in ▁Moscow , ▁Russia . ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁ 4 6 1 ▁athlet es ▁to ▁receive ▁a ▁Cong r essional ▁Gold ▁Medal ▁many ▁years ▁later . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁male ▁modern ▁pent ath let es ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁modern ▁pent ath let es ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Mod ern ▁pent ath let es ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Columb us , ▁Ohio ▁Category : C ong r essional ▁Gold ▁Medal ▁recip ients <0x0A> </s> ▁Hill ers bach ▁is ▁a ▁river ▁of ▁H esse , ▁Germany . ▁It ▁flows ▁into ▁the ▁N id der ▁in ▁Li ß berg . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁H esse ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁H esse ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Germany <0x0A> </s> ▁Ne al ▁Burn s ▁( J une ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁– ▁October ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁film ▁actor , ▁screen writer , ▁and ▁director . ▁He |
▁appeared ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 ▁films ▁between ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Br istol , ▁Pennsylvania ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁California . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁younger ▁brother ▁of ▁fellow ▁actor ▁Edd ie ▁Barry . ▁ ▁Selected ▁film ography ▁ ▁Ph oney ▁Ph otos ▁( 1 9 1 8 ) ▁ ▁H ick ory ▁Hir am ▁( 1 9 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Mary ' s ▁An k le ▁( 1 9 2 0 ) ▁ ▁Div or ce ▁Made ▁E asy ▁( 1 9 2 9 ) ▁( direct or ) ▁ ▁Sob ▁Sister ▁( 1 9 3 1 ) ▁ ▁K ick in ' ▁the ▁Crown ▁Ar ound ▁( 1 9 3 3 ) ▁ ▁Be hold ▁My ▁W ife ! ▁( 1 9 3 4 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Face ▁of ▁Mar ble ▁( 1 9 4 6 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Ne al ▁Burn s ▁at ▁Virtual ▁History ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Br istol , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : American ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : American ▁male ▁screen writ ers ▁Category : M ale ▁actors ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Fil m ▁direct ors ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁male ▁actors ▁Category : Screen writ ers ▁from ▁Pennsylvania <0x0A> </s> ▁Steven ▁L . ▁Jordan ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 6 ) ▁is |
▁a ▁former ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Reserve ▁officer . ▁Jordan ▁volunte ered ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁active ▁duty ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁war ▁in ▁Ira q , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁civil ▁affairs ▁officer ▁with ▁a ▁background ▁in ▁military ▁intelligence , ▁was ▁made ▁the ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁J oint ▁Inter rog ation ▁Deb rie f ing ▁Center ▁at ▁Ab u ▁Gh ra ib ▁prison . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁alleg ed ▁invol vement ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Ab u ▁Gh ra ib ▁tort ure ▁and ▁prisoner ▁ab use . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁was ▁put ▁on ▁trial ▁for ▁prisoner ▁ab use ▁but ▁was ▁declared ▁innoc ent ▁of ▁the ▁charges . ▁ ▁He ▁left ▁the ▁Army ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Ab u ▁Gh ra ib ▁ ▁Tag uba ▁and ▁F ay ▁reports ▁In ▁a ▁report ▁by ▁Army ▁Major ▁General ▁Antonio ▁Tag uba , ▁Jordan ▁was ▁among ▁several ▁described ▁as ▁being ▁" direct ly ▁or ▁indirect ly ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁ab uses ▁at ▁Ab u ▁Gh ra ib ". ▁Jordan ▁super vised ▁the ▁inter rog ation ▁task ▁force ▁at ▁Ab u ▁Gh ra ib , ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁highest - ran king ▁military ▁intelligence ▁officer ▁there , ▁serving ▁under ▁Col . ▁Thomas ▁P app as ▁who ▁was ▁granted ▁imm unity ▁from ▁pro sec ution ▁so ▁that ▁he ▁can ▁test ify ▁against ▁Jordan . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Jordan ▁became ▁the ▁highest ▁ranking ▁Army ▁officer |
▁to ▁face ▁charges ▁rel ating ▁to ▁the ▁Ab u ▁Gh ra ib ▁ab use ▁when ▁charges ▁were ▁file d ▁against ▁him , ▁including ▁opp ress ing ▁d eta ine es , ▁lying ▁about ▁ab use , ▁and ▁der el iction ▁of ▁duty . ▁ ▁Major ▁General ▁George ▁F ay ▁and ▁Lieutenant ▁General ▁Anthony ▁Jones ▁were ▁appointed ▁to ▁look ▁into ▁the ▁ab use ▁at ▁Ab u ▁Gh ra ib . ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁find ings ▁were ▁made ▁in ▁their ▁investig ative ▁report , ▁with ▁recommend ations ▁the ▁authorities ▁should ▁take ▁against ▁the ▁officers ▁and ▁en list ed ▁soldiers ▁imp licated ▁in ▁the ▁Ab u ▁Gh ra ib ▁prisoner ▁ab use , ▁including ▁Jordan . ▁ ▁The ▁report ▁alleg ed ▁that ▁Jordan ▁failed ▁to ▁properly ▁train ▁soldiers ▁and ▁civ ili ans ▁on ▁the ▁I CR P , ▁failed ▁to ▁take ▁full ▁responsibility ▁for ▁his ▁role ▁as ▁the ▁Director , ▁J ID C , ▁failed ▁to ▁establish ▁the ▁necessary ▁checks ▁and ▁bal ances ▁to ▁prevent ▁and ▁detect ▁ab uses , ▁was ▁der el ict ▁in ▁his ▁duties ▁by ▁failing ▁to ▁establish ▁order ▁on ▁the ▁night ▁of ▁ 2 4 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁contrib uting ▁to ▁a ▁cha otic ▁situation ▁in ▁which ▁d eta ine es ▁were ▁ab used , ▁failed ▁to ▁prevent ▁the ▁una ut hor ized ▁use ▁of ▁dogs ▁and ▁prisoners ▁being ▁kept ▁n aked ▁while ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁senior ▁officer ▁at ▁the ▁site , ▁failed ▁to ▁accur ately ▁and ▁tim ely ▁relay ▁critical ▁information ▁to ▁his ▁commander , ▁COL ▁P app |
as , ▁and ▁was ▁alleg edly ▁dece it ful ▁during ▁the ▁investigation . ▁ ▁The ▁report ▁also ▁charged ▁that ▁Jordan ▁failed ▁to ▁obey ▁a ▁law ful ▁order ▁to ▁ref rain ▁from ▁contact ing ▁anyone ▁except ▁his ▁att orney ▁regarding ▁the ▁investigation ▁by ▁solic iting ▁support ▁by ▁email ▁from ▁others ▁who ▁were ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁investigation . ▁ ▁Court ▁mart ial ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Jordan ▁was ▁tried ▁by ▁court ▁mart ial ▁on ▁charges ▁of ▁failure ▁to ▁obey ▁reg ulations , ▁cruel ty ▁and ▁m alt re at ment ▁of ▁d eta ine es , ▁der el iction ▁of ▁duty , ▁making ▁a ▁false ▁official ▁statement , ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁justice , ▁and ▁discuss ing ▁the ▁investigation ▁with ▁others ▁when ▁ordered ▁not ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁pres iding ▁judge ▁at ▁Jordan ' s ▁court ▁mart ial ▁dismiss ed ▁two ▁charges ▁against ▁him ▁after ▁Major ▁General ▁George ▁F ay ▁admitted ▁that ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁read ▁Jordan ▁his ▁rights ▁before ▁interview ing ▁him ▁in ▁reference ▁to ▁the ▁ab uses ▁that ▁had ▁taken ▁place . ▁ ▁This ▁ad mission ▁contrad icted ▁his ▁sw orn ▁testim ony ▁at ▁a ▁March ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁pre tri al ▁hearing ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁test ified ▁under ▁o ath ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁ad vised ▁Jordan ▁of ▁his ▁rights . ▁The ▁charges ▁dismiss ed ▁were ▁making ▁a ▁false ▁official ▁statement ▁and ▁false ▁swe aring ▁and ▁obst ruction ▁of ▁justice . |
▁ ▁On ▁the ▁same ▁day ▁pro sec utors ▁narrow ed ▁the ▁scope ▁of ▁the ▁cruel ty ▁and ▁m alt re at ment ▁charge ▁from ▁a ▁three - month ▁period ▁to ▁one ▁day . ▁Jordan ▁was ▁only ▁tried ▁on ▁this ▁charge ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁November ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁during ▁a ▁weapons ▁search . ▁ ▁Jordan ▁assert ed ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁sc ap ego at ▁" because ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁res erv ist , ▁is ▁considered ▁exp end able ". ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁his ▁belief ▁that ▁inter rog ation ▁procedures ▁were ▁the ▁responsibility ▁of ▁Colonel ▁Thomas ▁P app as , ▁the ▁intelligence ▁brig ade ▁commander ▁and ▁highest - ran king ▁officer ▁at ▁Ab u ▁Gh ra ib , ▁and ▁Captain ▁Carol yn ▁Wood , ▁leader ▁of ▁a ▁unit ▁within ▁the ▁inter rog ation ▁center ▁called ▁the ▁Inter rog ation ▁Command ▁Element . ▁ ▁Ne ither ▁of ▁these ▁two ▁officers ▁has ▁been ▁charged , ▁although ▁P app as ▁was ▁f ined ▁$ 8 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁appro ving ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁dogs ▁during ▁an ▁inter rog ation ▁without ▁higher ▁appro val . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁trial , ▁witness es ▁for ▁the ▁pro sec ution ▁appeared ▁to ▁support ▁some ▁of ▁Jordan ' s ▁claims . ▁P app as ▁test ified ▁that ▁Jordan ' s ▁respons ib ilities ▁involved ▁impro ving ▁the ▁quality ▁of ▁life ▁for ▁soldiers ▁at ▁the ▁base ▁and ▁" im pro ving ▁the ▁flow ▁of ▁intelligence ▁information ". ▁ ▁He ▁admitted ▁that ▁he ▁ad vised |
▁Jordan ▁to ▁" let ▁the ▁experienced ▁inter rog ators ▁run ▁the ▁inter rog ations ." ▁ ▁P app as ▁also ▁test ified ▁that ▁Jordan ▁was ▁not ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁military ▁police ▁who ▁ran ▁the ▁prison ▁and ▁who ▁were ▁responsible ▁for ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁ab uses . ▁He ▁further ▁st ip ulated ▁that ▁military ▁police ▁were ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁November ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁weapons ▁search ▁which ▁he ▁had ▁personally ▁observed , ▁and ▁found ▁no ▁issues ▁with . ▁ ▁Other ▁soldiers ▁test ified ▁that ▁Jordan ▁was ▁not ▁present ▁during ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁ab uses . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Jordan ▁was ▁conv icted ▁of ▁dis ob ey ing ▁an ▁order ▁not ▁to ▁discuss ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁investigation ▁into ▁the ▁alleg ations , ▁but ▁found ▁innoc ent ▁on ▁all ▁other ▁charges . ▁ ▁The ▁next ▁day ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁a ▁military ▁judge ▁issued ▁Jordan ▁a ▁repr im and ▁for ▁dis ob ey ing ▁the ▁order . ▁ ▁On ▁review ▁on ▁January ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Jordan ' s ▁conv iction ▁and ▁sentence ▁were ▁dismiss ed ▁by ▁Major ▁General ▁Richard ▁J . ▁R owe , ▁command ing ▁general ▁of ▁the ▁Military ▁District ▁of ▁Washington . ▁ ▁R owe ▁issued ▁Jordan ▁an ▁administrative ▁repr im and ▁question ing ▁Jordan ' s ▁decision ▁to ▁dis ob ey ▁F ay ' s ▁order ▁not ▁to ▁communicate |
▁with ▁anyone ▁other ▁than ▁his ▁att or ne ys ▁during ▁F ay ' s ▁investigation . ▁ ▁Military ▁awards ▁Jordan ▁received ▁the ▁following ▁awards , ▁service ▁med als , ▁and ▁rib b ons ▁during ▁his ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁Army : ▁ ▁Pur ple ▁Heart ▁Def ense ▁Mer itor ious ▁Service ▁Medal ▁Mer itor ious ▁Service ▁Medal ▁with ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl uster ▁J oint ▁Service ▁Comm end ation ▁Medal , ▁Army ▁Comm end ation ▁Medal ▁Army ▁Comm end ation ▁Medal ▁with ▁four ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl ust ers ▁Army ▁Ach iev ement ▁Medal ▁J oint ▁Mer itor ious ▁Unit ▁Award ▁Good ▁Con duct ▁Medal ▁Army ▁Reserve ▁Com ponents ▁Ach iev ement ▁Medal ▁National ▁Def ense ▁Service ▁Medal ▁with ▁service ▁star ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁Ex ped ition ary ▁Medal ▁Ira q ▁Camp aign ▁Medal ▁with ▁campaign ▁star ▁Global ▁War ▁on ▁T error ▁Service ▁Medal ▁Korea ▁Def ense ▁Service ▁Medal ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁Service ▁Medal ▁Human itar ian ▁Service ▁Medal ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁Reserve ▁Medal ▁with ▁silver ▁hour glass ▁and ▁" M " ▁devices ▁Army ▁Service ▁Rib bon ▁O verse as ▁Service ▁Rib bon ▁Army ▁Reserve ▁Com ponents ▁O verse as ▁Training ▁Rib bon ▁NAT O ▁Medal ▁( Form er ▁Y ug oslav ia ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Army ▁officers ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁military ▁personnel ▁at ▁the ▁Ab u ▁Gh ra ib ▁prison ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Army ▁personnel ▁who ▁were ▁court - mart |
ia led ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁South ▁Dak ota ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁personnel ▁from ▁Freder icks burg , ▁Virginia <0x0A> </s> ▁Leo ▁H icks ▁( 2 4 ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁– ▁ 1 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁was ▁ ▁a ▁former ▁Australian ▁rules ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁with ▁Fitz roy ▁and ▁Col ling wood ▁in ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁Football ▁League ▁( V FL ). ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ <0x09> <0x09> ▁Profile ▁at ▁Col ling wood ▁Fore ver ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Austral ian ▁rules ▁football ers ▁from ▁Victoria ▁( Austral ia ) ▁Category : F itz roy ▁Football ▁Club ▁players ▁Category : Col ling wood ▁Football ▁Club ▁players ▁Category : Y ar raw ong a ▁Football ▁Club ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Dec imation , ▁Dec imate , ▁or ▁variants ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Dec imation ▁( R oman ▁army ), ▁pun itive ▁discipline ▁in ▁Roman ▁arm ies ▁ ▁Dec imation ▁( signal ▁processing ), ▁reduction ▁of ▁digital ▁signal ' s ▁sampling ▁rate ▁ ▁Dec imation ▁( com ics ), ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Marvel ▁c ros so ver ▁sp ino ff ▁ ▁House ▁of ▁M ▁ ▁Dec imate ▁( game ▁show ), ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁BBC ▁television ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Dec im ator ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Jean - Hen ri ▁Iz amo ▁( d ied ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 6 |
) ▁was ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁g endar mer ie ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁African ▁Republic . ▁He ▁was ▁killed ▁following ▁the ▁Saint - S yl vest re ▁coup ▁d ' état . ▁ ▁Saint - S yl vest re ▁coup ▁d ' état ▁ ▁Central ▁African ▁Republic ▁President ▁David ▁D ack o , ▁Jean - B éd el ▁B ok assa ' s ▁cousin , ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁and ▁B ok assa , ▁a ▁military ▁officer ▁in ▁the ▁French ▁army , ▁joined ▁the ▁C AR ▁army ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁By ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁the ▁country ▁was ▁in ▁tur mo il — pl ag ued ▁by ▁cor ruption ▁and ▁slow ▁economic ▁growth , ▁while ▁its ▁borders ▁were ▁bre ached ▁by ▁reb els ▁from ▁neighbor ing ▁countries . ▁D ack o ▁obtained ▁financial ▁aid ▁from ▁the ▁commun ist ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China , ▁but ▁despite ▁this ▁support , ▁the ▁country ' s ▁problems ▁pers isted . ▁B ok assa ▁made ▁plans ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁government ; ▁D ack o ▁became ▁aware ▁of ▁this , ▁and ▁counter ed ▁by ▁forming ▁the ▁g endar mer ie ▁head ed ▁by ▁Iz amo ▁of ▁the ▁S ara ▁eth nic ▁group , ▁who ▁quickly ▁became ▁D ack o ' s ▁closest ▁advis er . ▁ ▁T ensions ▁between ▁D ack o ▁and ▁B ok assa ▁increased . ▁In ▁December , ▁D ack o ▁approved ▁a ▁budget ▁increase ▁for ▁Iz amo ' s |
▁g endar mer ie , ▁but ▁rejected ▁the ▁budget ▁proposal ▁for ▁B ok assa ' s ▁army . ▁At ▁this ▁point , ▁B ok assa ▁told ▁friends ▁he ▁was ▁anno yed ▁by ▁D ack o ' s ▁treatment ▁and ▁was ▁" going ▁for ▁a ▁coup ▁d ' état ". ▁D ack o ▁planned ▁to ▁replace ▁B ok assa ▁with ▁Iz amo ▁as ▁his ▁personal ▁military ▁advis er , ▁and ▁wanted ▁to ▁promote ▁army ▁officers ▁loyal ▁to ▁the ▁government , ▁while ▁dem oting ▁B ok assa ▁and ▁his ▁close ▁associ ates . ▁B ok assa ▁realized ▁he ▁had ▁to ▁act ▁against ▁D ack o ▁quickly , ▁and ▁wor ried ▁that ▁his ▁ 5 0 0 - man ▁army ▁would ▁be ▁no ▁match ▁for ▁the ▁g endar mer ie ▁and ▁the ▁president ial ▁guard . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁concerned ▁the ▁French ▁would ▁interven e ▁to ▁aid ▁D ack o , ▁as ▁had ▁occurred ▁after ▁the ▁ 2 3 ▁February ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁coup ▁d ' état ▁in ▁Gab on ▁against ▁President ▁Lé on ▁M ' ba . ▁After ▁receiving ▁word ▁of ▁the ▁coup ▁from ▁the ▁country ' s ▁military ▁chief ▁of ▁staff , ▁O mar ▁B ongo , ▁officials ▁in ▁Paris ▁sent ▁par atro op ers ▁to ▁Gab on ▁in ▁a ▁matter ▁of ▁hours ▁and ▁M ' ba ▁was ▁quickly ▁restored ▁to ▁power . ▁ ▁B ok assa ▁found ▁substant ive ▁support ▁from ▁his ▁co - con sp ir ator , ▁Captain ▁Alexandre ▁B anza , ▁who ▁was ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Camp ▁K |
assa ï ▁military ▁base ▁in ▁n ortheast ▁Bang ui , ▁and , ▁like ▁B ok assa , ▁had ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁French ▁army ▁in ▁posts ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁B anza ▁was ▁an ▁intellig ent , ▁am bit ious ▁and ▁capable ▁man ▁who ▁played ▁a ▁major ▁role ▁in ▁planning ▁the ▁coup . ▁By ▁December , ▁many ▁people ▁began ▁to ▁anticip ate ▁the ▁potential ▁tur mo il ▁that ▁would ▁result . ▁D ack o ' s ▁personal ▁advis ers ▁alert ed ▁him ▁that ▁B ok assa ▁" show ed ▁signs ▁of ▁mental ▁inst ability " ▁and ▁needed ▁to ▁be ▁arrested ▁before ▁he ▁sought ▁to ▁bring ▁down ▁the ▁government , ▁but ▁D ack o ▁failed ▁to ▁he ed ▁these ▁warnings . ▁ ▁Exec ution ▁of ▁the ▁coup ▁ ▁Early ▁in ▁the ▁evening ▁of ▁ 3 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁D ack o ▁left ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁de ▁la ▁Renaissance ▁to ▁visit ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁minister s ' ▁plant ations ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁capital . ▁At ▁ 2 2 : 3 0 ▁W AT ▁( UTC ▁ 2 1 : 3 0 ), ▁Captain ▁B anza ▁gave ▁orders ▁to ▁his ▁officers ▁to ▁begin ▁the ▁coup : ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁capt ains ▁was ▁to ▁sub due ▁the ▁security ▁guard ▁in ▁the ▁president ial ▁palace , ▁while ▁the ▁other ▁was ▁to ▁take ▁control ▁of ▁Radio - B ang ui ▁to ▁prevent ▁communication ▁between ▁D ack o ▁and ▁his ▁follow ers . ▁B ok assa ▁called ▁Iz amo ▁at ▁his ▁headquarters , ▁asking ▁him |
▁to ▁come ▁to ▁Camp ▁de ▁R oux ▁to ▁sign ▁some ▁papers ▁that ▁needed ▁his ▁immediate ▁attention . ▁Iz amo , ▁who ▁was ▁at ▁a ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁E ve ▁celebr ation ▁with ▁friends , ▁rel uct antly ▁agreed ▁and ▁tra ve led ▁in ▁his ▁wife ' s ▁car ▁to ▁the ▁camp . ▁Upon ▁arrival , ▁he ▁was ▁confront ed ▁by ▁B anza ▁and ▁B ok assa , ▁who ▁informed ▁him ▁of ▁the ▁coup ▁in ▁progress . ▁When ▁asked ▁if ▁he ▁would ▁support ▁the ▁coup , ▁Iz amo ▁said ▁no , ▁leading ▁B ok assa ▁and ▁B anza ▁to ▁over power ▁him ▁and ▁hold ▁him ▁in ▁a ▁cell ar . ▁ ▁At ▁mid night , ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁minutes ▁of ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁B ok assa ▁and ▁B anza ▁organized ▁their ▁troops ▁and ▁told ▁them ▁of ▁their ▁plan ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁government . ▁B ok assa ▁claimed ▁that ▁D ack o ▁had ▁res igned ▁from ▁the ▁presiden cy ▁and ▁given ▁the ▁position ▁to ▁Iz amo , ▁then ▁told ▁the ▁soldiers ▁that ▁the ▁g endar mer ie ▁would ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁C AR ▁army , ▁which ▁had ▁to ▁act ▁now ▁to ▁keep ▁its ▁position . ▁He ▁then ▁asked ▁the ▁soldiers ▁if ▁they ▁would ▁support ▁his ▁course ▁of ▁action ; ▁the ▁men ▁who ▁refused ▁were ▁locked ▁up . ▁At ▁ 0 0 : 3 0 ▁W AT , ▁B anza , ▁B ok assa ▁and ▁their ▁supp or ters ▁left ▁Camp ▁de ▁R oux ▁to ▁take ▁over |
▁the ▁capital . ▁They ▁encountered ▁little ▁resistance ▁and ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁take ▁Bang ui . ▁B ok assa ▁and ▁B anza ▁then ▁r ushed ▁to ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁de ▁la ▁Renaissance , ▁where ▁they ▁tried ▁to ▁arrest ▁D ack o , ▁who ▁was ▁now here ▁to ▁be ▁found . ▁B ok assa ▁began ▁to ▁pan ic , ▁as ▁he ▁believed ▁the ▁president ▁had ▁been ▁war ned ▁of ▁the ▁coup ▁in ▁advance , ▁and ▁immediately ▁ordered ▁his ▁soldiers ▁to ▁search ▁for ▁D ack o ▁in ▁the ▁coun tr ys ide ▁until ▁he ▁was ▁found . ▁ ▁D ack o ▁was ▁not ▁aware ▁of ▁the ▁events ▁taking ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁capital . ▁After ▁leaving ▁his ▁minister ' s ▁plant ation ▁near ▁mid night , ▁he ▁head ed ▁to ▁Simon ▁S amba ' s ▁house ▁to ▁ask ▁the ▁A ka ▁P g ym y ▁leader ▁to ▁conduct ▁a ▁year - end ▁rit ual . ▁After ▁an ▁hour ▁at ▁S amba ' s ▁house , ▁he ▁was ▁informed ▁of ▁the ▁coup ▁in ▁Bang ui . ▁D ack o ▁was ▁arrested ▁by ▁soldiers ▁pat rolling ▁P été vo ▁J unction , ▁on ▁the ▁western ▁border ▁of ▁the ▁capital . ▁He ▁was ▁taken ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁president ial ▁palace , ▁where ▁B ok assa ▁h ug ged ▁the ▁president ▁and ▁told ▁him , ▁" I ▁tried ▁to ▁warn ▁you — but ▁now ▁it ' s ▁too ▁late ". ▁President ▁D ack o ▁was ▁taken ▁to ▁N gar ag ba ▁Pr ison ▁in ▁east ▁Bang ui ▁at ▁around ▁ 0 |
2 : 0 0 ▁W AT . ▁In ▁a ▁move ▁that ▁he ▁thought ▁would ▁boost ▁his ▁popular ity ▁in ▁the ▁country , ▁B ok assa ▁ordered ▁prison ▁director ▁Otto ▁S acher ▁to ▁release ▁all ▁prisoners ▁in ▁the ▁j ail . ▁B ok assa ▁then ▁took ▁D ack o ▁to ▁Camp ▁K assa ï ▁at ▁ 0 3 : 2 0 ▁W AT , ▁where ▁the ▁president ▁was ▁forced ▁by ▁B anza ▁to ▁res ign ▁from ▁office . ▁B anza ▁wanted ▁to ▁kill ▁D ack o , ▁but ▁B ok assa ▁would ▁not ▁allow ▁it , ▁bel ieving ▁that ▁D ack o ▁had ▁not ▁yet ▁out l ived ▁his ▁useful ness . ▁Later , ▁B ok assa ' s ▁officers ▁announced ▁on ▁Radio - B ang ui ▁that ▁the ▁D ack o ▁government ▁had ▁been ▁to pp led ▁and ▁B ok assa ▁had ▁taken ▁over ▁control . ▁ ▁Death ▁B ok assa ▁often ▁claimed ▁that ▁he ▁seized ▁power ▁to ▁prevent ▁Iz amo ▁from ▁doing ▁the ▁same . ▁For ▁this ▁reason , ▁along ▁with ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁President ial ▁security ▁service ▁Pro s per ▁M oun ou mb aye , ▁B ok assa ▁considered ▁Iz amo ▁a ▁particularly ▁dangerous ▁individual ▁and ▁" did ▁not ▁rest ▁until ▁they ▁were ▁elimin ated ". ▁Att empt ing ▁to ▁escape , ▁he ▁was ▁taken ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁cell ar , ▁moved ▁to ▁Camp ▁de ▁R oux , ▁and ▁then ▁to ▁N gar ag ba ▁Pr ison ▁at ▁roughly ▁ 1 0 ▁January . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁January , |
▁Iz amo ▁died ▁from ▁mist re at ment ▁and ▁neglect . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁. ▁ ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : 1 9 6 6 ▁death s ▁Category : Exec uted ▁military ▁personnel ▁Category : Cent ral ▁African ▁Republic ▁tort ure ▁vict ims ▁Category : Ch ief s ▁of ▁police ▁Category : Cent ral ▁African ▁Republic ▁military ▁personnel ▁Category : Date ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : Date ▁of ▁death ▁missing ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁death ▁missing <0x0A> </s> ▁Rad am el ▁Fal ca o ▁is ▁a ▁Colomb ian ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁represents ▁the ▁Colombia ▁national ▁football ▁team ▁as ▁a ▁stri ker . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁his ▁country ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 1 ▁friendly ▁defeat ▁to ▁Uruguay ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁His ▁first ▁goal ▁came ▁in ▁his ▁second ▁game ▁for ▁Colombia , ▁the ▁only ▁score ▁in ▁a ▁victory ▁over ▁Mont en eg ro ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Kir in ▁Cup . ▁, ▁Fal ca o ▁is ▁his ▁country ' s ▁top ▁sc orer ▁with ▁ 3 4 ▁international ▁goals ▁in ▁ 8 9 ▁games . ▁He ▁sur pass ed ▁the ▁previous ▁record ▁of ▁ 2 5 ▁goals , ▁held ▁by ▁Arnold o ▁I gu ar án , ▁when ▁he ▁scored ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 2 ▁draw ▁with ▁Spain ▁in ▁a ▁friendly ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 |
1 7 . ▁ ▁Fal ca o ▁scored ▁nine ▁goals ▁during ▁Colombia ' s ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁qual ification ▁campaign , ▁but ▁an ▁injury ▁sust ained ▁while ▁playing ▁for ▁his ▁club ▁team ▁AS ▁Mon aco ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ruled ▁him ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁final s . ▁ ▁His ▁first ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁final s ▁appearance ▁came ▁four ▁years ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup , ▁with ▁his ▁ 7 4 th ▁cap , ▁against ▁Japan ▁in ▁a ▁group ▁stage ▁match ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁His ▁first ▁goal ▁in ▁the ▁tournament ▁came ▁in ▁his ▁following ▁game , ▁a ▁ 3 – 0 ▁group ▁stage ▁victory ▁over ▁Poland . ▁ ▁, ▁Fal ca o ▁has ▁not ▁scored ▁an ▁international ▁hat - tr ick , ▁but ▁has ▁scored ▁twice ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁international ▁match ▁on ▁four ▁occasions , ▁against ▁Boliv ia , ▁Par agu ay , ▁Chile ▁and ▁Bah rain . ▁He ▁has ▁scored ▁more ▁goals ▁in ▁friend lies ▁than ▁in ▁any ▁other ▁format , ▁with ▁sevent een , ▁and ▁twelve ▁goals ▁in ▁qual ifying ▁for ▁the ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup . ▁Two ▁of ▁his ▁goals ▁came ▁in ▁the ▁Copa ▁América , ▁one ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁final s ▁and ▁two ▁in ▁the ▁Kir in ▁Cup . ▁Fal ca o ▁has ▁scored ▁more ▁goals ▁against ▁Boliv ia ▁( four ) ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁oppon ent . ▁N ine ▁of ▁his ▁goals ▁have ▁been ▁scored ▁at ▁the ▁Estad io |
▁Metropol it ano ▁Roberto ▁Mel énd ez , ▁three ▁at ▁other ▁ven ues ▁in ▁Colombia , ▁with ▁the ▁remainder ▁being ▁scored ▁abroad . ▁Fal ca o ' s ▁most ▁recent ▁goal ▁came ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 0 ▁friendly ▁victory ▁over ▁Pan ama ▁in ▁Bog ot á ▁on ▁ 3 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Go als ▁ ▁Colombia ▁score ▁listed ▁first , ▁score ▁column ▁indicates ▁score ▁after ▁each ▁Fal ca o ▁goal . ▁ ▁Statistics ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Fal ca o , ▁Rad am el , ▁goals ▁Fal ca o , ▁Rad am el , ▁goals ▁Fal ca o , ▁Rad am el <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁R . ▁K err ▁is ▁the ▁Dim it ri ▁V . ▁D ' Ar bel off ▁- ▁M BA ▁Class ▁of ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁Professor ▁of ▁Business ▁Administration ▁professor ▁at ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School , ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁co - direct or ▁of ▁Harvard ' s ▁Man aging ▁the ▁Future ▁of ▁Work ▁project ▁and ▁fac ulty ▁chair ▁of ▁the ▁La unch ing ▁New ▁Vent ures ▁program ▁for ▁executive ▁education . ▁ ▁K err ’ s ▁research ▁focus es ▁on ▁how ▁business es ▁and ▁econom ies ▁grow , ▁typically ▁through ▁connections ▁to ▁innov ation , ▁entrepr ene ur ship , ▁and ▁global ization . ▁His ▁publications ▁have ▁looked ▁at ▁global ▁vent ures , ▁imm igration , ▁and ▁talent ▁clusters . ▁He ▁wrote ▁The ▁G ift ▁of ▁Global ▁Tal ent , ▁a ▁book ▁arg uing ▁global ▁talent ▁flows ▁are ▁fund ament |
ally ▁res h aping ▁business ▁and ▁society , ▁and ▁that ▁American ▁policies ▁toward ▁high - sk illed ▁imm igration ▁like ▁H - 1 B ▁need ▁substantial ▁reform . ▁ ▁K err ▁has ▁public ly ▁made ▁similar ▁arguments ▁before , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁public ▁statement ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Entre pr ene ur ▁Rule . ▁Other ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁econom ics ▁that ▁K err ▁has ▁made ▁revol ve ▁around ▁innov ation ▁and ▁growth ▁theory . ▁K err ’ s ▁work ▁has ▁been ▁featured ▁and ▁referenced ▁across ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁publications , ▁including ▁Blo om berg , ▁the ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁Review , ▁the ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal , ▁For bes , ▁and ▁the ▁Atlantic . ▁Additionally , ▁K err ▁has ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁ad visor ▁or ▁consult ant ▁to ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁companies ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ' s ▁Project ▁on ▁Man aging ▁the ▁Future ▁of ▁Work ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁K err ▁co - f ounded ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ’ s ▁Project ▁on ▁Man aging ▁the ▁Future ▁of ▁Work ▁with ▁fellow ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ▁professor ▁Joseph ▁B . ▁Full er . ▁The ▁project ▁ident ifies ▁and ▁research es ▁six ▁forces ▁that ▁are ▁“ re def ining ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁many ▁other ▁advanced ▁and ▁emer ging ▁econom ies .” ▁The ▁project ▁lists ▁the ▁six ▁forces ▁as ▁“ Te chn ology ▁tr ends ▁like ▁autom ation ▁and ▁artificial ▁intelligence ; ▁Cont ing ent ▁work for ces ▁and |
▁the ▁gig ▁economy ; ▁Work force ▁dem ograph ics ▁and ▁the ▁“ care ▁economy ” ; ▁The ▁middle - sk ills ▁gap ▁and ▁worker ▁invest ments ; ▁Global ▁talent ▁access ▁and ▁util ization ; ▁Sp atial ▁t ensions ▁between ▁leading ▁urban ▁cent ers ▁and ▁rural ▁areas .” ▁ ▁In ▁June , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁project ▁launched ▁a ▁pod cast ▁series ▁called ▁“ Man aging ▁the ▁Future ▁of ▁Work ” ▁that ▁discuss es ▁these ▁six ▁forces ▁with ▁business , ▁political , ▁and ▁community ▁leaders . ▁Additionally , ▁K err ▁and ▁Full er ▁announced ▁in ▁June , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁that ▁they ▁will ▁be ▁teaching ▁a ▁course ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ’ s ▁Executive ▁Education ▁program . ▁ ▁Other ▁Notable ▁Academ ic ▁Cont ribution s ▁▁ ▁K err ▁co author ed ▁a ▁paper ▁with ▁William ▁Lincoln ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁that ▁argued ▁that ▁increased ▁in ▁high - sk illed ▁imm igration ▁boost ed ▁American ▁innov ation . ▁ ▁This ▁paper ▁was ▁later ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁H . ▁Gre gg ▁Lewis ▁Prize ▁for ▁Best ▁P aper ▁in ▁Journal ▁of ▁Labor ▁Econom ics ▁ 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁K err ▁cow rote ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁paper ▁with ▁Martin ▁Mand or ff ▁which ▁analy zes ▁t endencies ▁among ▁members ▁of ▁eth nic ▁groups ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁to ▁grav itate ▁towards ▁specific ▁prof essions , |
▁examples ▁given ▁include ▁Y em eni ▁imm igr ants ▁being ▁ 7 5 ▁times ▁more ▁likely ▁than ▁others ▁to ▁own ▁gro c ery ▁stores , ▁and ▁Kore ans ▁being ▁ 3 4 ▁times ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁operate ▁dry ▁clean ers . ▁ ▁K err ▁collabor ated ▁on ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁paper ▁with ▁D aron ▁Ac em og lu ▁and ▁U f uk ▁Ak c ig it ▁which ▁updated ▁the ▁real ▁business - cycle ▁theory . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁K err ▁received ▁the ▁E wing ▁Mar ion ▁K auff man ▁award ▁for ▁" Dist ingu ished ▁Research ▁in ▁Entre pr ene ur ship ". ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁K err ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Alabama ▁and ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Virginia . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁he ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁tele com ▁and ▁emer ging ▁internet ▁indust ries , ▁living ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong . ▁Upon ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁M IT ▁Econom ics ▁with ▁a ▁Ph . D . ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁K err ▁joined ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ▁as ▁a ▁ten ure - track ▁Ass istant ▁Professor ▁and ▁held ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁teaching ▁assign ments ▁and ▁produced ▁academic ▁publications ▁that ▁cul min ated ▁with ▁his ▁event ual ▁promotion ▁to ▁professor ▁with ▁ten ure ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁K err ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁S ari ▁P ek k ala ▁K err , ▁who ▁is ▁an ▁econom ist ▁and ▁senior ▁research ▁at ▁the ▁W elles ley ▁Cent ers |
▁for ▁Women . ▁Origin ally ▁from ▁Finland , ▁S ari ▁P ek k ala ▁K err ▁studies ▁the ▁econom ics ▁of ▁labor ▁mark ets , ▁education , ▁and ▁family . ▁They ▁live ▁together ▁in ▁Lex ington , ▁Massachusetts ▁with ▁their ▁two ▁children . ▁K err ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁noted ▁fan ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Alabama ▁football ▁team . ▁ ▁Pub lished ▁works ▁ ▁Books ▁▁ ▁The ▁G ift ▁of ▁Global ▁Tal ent : ▁How ▁M igration ▁Sh apes ▁Business , ▁Econom y ▁& ▁Society ▁( P alo ▁Al to , ▁CA : ▁Stan ford ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ). ▁▁ ▁Gordon ▁Hans on , ▁William ▁K err ▁and ▁Sarah ▁Turner , ▁High - Sk illed ▁M igration ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁its ▁Econom ic ▁Con sequ ences ▁( Ch icago , ▁IL : ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ). ▁ ▁Ed ited ▁Books ▁and ▁Special ▁Iss ues ▁▁ ▁William ▁K err , ▁Josh ▁L erner , ▁and ▁Scott ▁Stern ▁( eds .) ▁In nov ation ▁Policy ▁and ▁the ▁Econom y ▁Volume ▁ 1 5 ▁( Ch icago , ▁IL : ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁William ▁K err ▁and ▁Sarah ▁Turner , ▁U . S . ▁High - Sk illed ▁Im m igration ▁in ▁the ▁Global ▁Econom y , ▁Journal ▁of ▁Labor ▁Econom ics ▁S 1 ▁( Ch icago , ▁IL : ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Notable ▁Journal ▁Articles |
▁▁ ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁Autor , ▁David ▁H ., ▁William ▁R . ▁K err , ▁and ▁Adri ana ▁D . ▁K ug ler . ▁" Does ▁Emp loyment ▁Prote ction ▁Red uce ▁Product ivity ? ▁Ev idence ▁from ▁U . S . ▁States ." ▁Econom ic ▁Journal ▁( Ro yal ▁Econom ic ▁Society ) ▁ 1 1 7 , ▁no . ▁ 5 2 1 ▁( J une ▁ 2 0 0 7 ): ▁ 1 8 9 – 2 1 7 . ▁▁ ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R . ▁" E th nic ▁Scient ific ▁Commun ities ▁and ▁International ▁Technology ▁D iff usion ▁. " ▁Review ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁and ▁Statistics ▁ 9 0 , ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( August ▁ 2 0 0 8 ): ▁ 5 1 8 – 5 3 7 . ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁Gla es er , ▁Edward ▁L ., ▁and ▁William ▁R . ▁K err . ▁" Local ▁Indust rial ▁Cond itions ▁and ▁Entre pr ene ur ship : ▁How ▁Much ▁of ▁the ▁Sp atial ▁Distribution ▁Can ▁We ▁Exp lain ?" ▁Journal ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁& ▁Management ▁Str ategy ▁ 1 8 , ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( F all ▁ 2 0 0 9 ): ▁ 6 2 3 – 6 6 3 . ▁▁▁ ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R ., ▁and ▁Ram ana ▁N anda . ▁" D em ocrat izing ▁Entry : ▁Bank ing |
▁Der eg ulations , ▁Fin ancing ▁Con stra ints , ▁and ▁Entre pr ene ur ship ." ▁Journal ▁of ▁Fin an cial ▁Econom ics ▁ 9 4 , ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( Oct ober ▁ 2 0 0 9 ): ▁ 1 2 4 – 1 4 9 . ▁▁ ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁Gla es er , ▁Edward ▁L ., ▁William ▁R . ▁K err , ▁and ▁Gia como ▁A . M . ▁Pon zet to . ▁" Cl ust ers ▁of ▁Entre pr ene ur ship ▁. " ▁Journal ▁of ▁Urban ▁Econom ics ▁ 6 7 , ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( J anu ary ▁ 2 0 1 0 ): ▁ 1 5 0 – 1 6 8 . ▁▁ ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁Ell ison , ▁Gl enn , ▁Edward ▁Gla es er , ▁and ▁William ▁R . ▁K err . ▁" What ▁C aus es ▁Indust ry ▁A gg l omer ation ? ▁Ev idence ▁from ▁Co ag gl omer ation ▁Pattern s ." ▁American ▁Econom ic ▁Review ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( J une ▁ 2 0 1 0 ): ▁ 1 1 9 5 – 1 2 1 3 . ▁( Append ix ▁. ) ▁ ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R ., ▁and ▁William ▁F . ▁Lincoln . ▁" The ▁Supp ly ▁Side ▁of ▁In nov ation : ▁H - 1 B ▁Vis a ▁Re forms ▁and ▁U . S |
. ▁Eth nic ▁In vention ▁. " ▁Journal ▁of ▁Labor ▁Econom ics ▁ 2 8 , ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( J uly ▁ 2 0 1 0 ): ▁ 4 7 3 – 5 0 8 . ▁▁ ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁K err , ▁S ari ▁P ek k ala , ▁and ▁William ▁R . ▁K err . ▁" E conom ic ▁Imp act s ▁of ▁Im m igration : ▁A ▁Survey ." ▁Finn ish ▁Econom ic ▁Pap ers ▁ 2 4 , ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( Spring ▁ 2 0 1 1 ): ▁ 1 – 3 2 . ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R ., ▁Josh ▁L erner , ▁and ▁Anto in ette ▁Sch o ar . ▁" The ▁Con sequ ences ▁of ▁Entre pr ene ur ial ▁Fin ance : ▁Ev idence ▁from ▁Angel ▁Fin anc ings ." ▁Review ▁of ▁Fin an cial ▁Studies ▁ 2 7 , ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( J anu ary ▁ 2 0 1 4 ): ▁ 2 0 – 5 5 . ▁▁▁ ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R ., ▁Ram ana ▁N anda , ▁and ▁Matthew ▁Rh odes - K rop f . ▁" Ent re pr ene ur ship ▁as ▁Ex periment ation ." ▁Journal ▁of ▁Econom ic ▁Pers pect ives ▁ 2 8 , ▁no . ▁ 3 ▁( Sum mer ▁ 2 0 1 4 ): ▁ 2 5 – 4 8 . ▁( |
2 0 1 5 ) ▁Gla es er , ▁Edward ▁L ., ▁S ari ▁P ek k ala ▁K err , ▁and ▁William ▁R . ▁K err . ▁" Ent re pr ene ur ship ▁and ▁Urban ▁G row th : ▁An ▁Emp ir ical ▁Ass ess ment ▁with ▁Historical ▁M ines ." ▁( pdf ) ▁Review ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁and ▁Statistics ▁ 9 7 , ▁no . ▁ 2 ▁( May ▁ 2 0 1 5 ): ▁ 4 9 8 – 5 2 0 . ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁Ac em og lu , ▁D aron , ▁U f uk ▁Ak c ig it , ▁Douglas ▁Han ley , ▁and ▁William ▁R . ▁K err . ▁" Trans ition ▁to ▁C lean ▁Technology ." ▁( pdf ) ▁Special ▁Issue ▁on ▁Cl imate ▁Change ▁and ▁the ▁Econom y . ▁Journal ▁of ▁Political ▁Econom y ▁ 1 2 4 , ▁no . ▁ 2 ▁( F ebru ary ▁ 2 0 1 6 ): ▁ 5 2 – 1 0 4 . ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁K err , ▁William ▁R . ▁" Har ness ing ▁the ▁Best ▁of ▁Global ization ." ▁M IT ▁Slo an ▁Management ▁Review ▁ 5 8 , ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁( F all ▁ 2 0 1 6 ): ▁ 5 9 – 6 7 . ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁Ak c ig it , ▁U f uk ▁and ▁William ▁K err . ▁" G row th ▁Through ▁H eter ogeneous |
▁In nov ations ." ▁Journal ▁of ▁Political ▁Econom y ▁ 1 2 6 , ▁no . ▁ 4 ▁( August ▁ 2 0 1 8 ): ▁ 1 3 7 4 - 1 4 4 3 . ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁Ac em og lu , ▁D aron , ▁U f uk ▁Ak c ig it , ▁Har un ▁Al p , ▁Nicholas ▁Blo om , ▁and ▁William ▁K err . ▁" In nov ation , ▁Real location , ▁and ▁G row th ." ▁American ▁Econom ic ▁Review ▁ 1 0 8 , ▁no . ▁ 1 1 ▁( Nov ember ▁ 2 0 1 8 ): ▁ 3 4 5 0 - 3 4 9 1 . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁econom ists ▁Category : M ass achusetts ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁al umn i ▁Category : Har vard ▁Business ▁School ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁railway ▁station ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁S ag ami h ara , ▁Kan ag awa ▁Pref ect ure , ▁Japan , ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁private ▁railway ▁operator ▁Od ak y u ▁Electric ▁Railway . ▁ ▁L ines ▁S ag ami - O no ▁Station ▁is ▁served ▁by ▁both ▁the ▁Od ak y u ▁O da w ara ▁Line ▁and ▁the ▁Od ak y u ▁En osh ima ▁Line . ▁It ▁is ▁ 3 2 . 4 ▁kilom eters ▁from ▁the ▁Tokyo |
▁termin us ▁of ▁the ▁O da w ara ▁Line ▁at ▁, ▁and ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁starting ▁point ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁En osh ima ▁Line ▁to ▁. ▁ ▁Station ▁layout ▁S ag ami - O no ▁Station ▁has ▁two ▁island ▁platforms ▁with ▁six ▁tracks , ▁connected ▁to ▁the ▁station ▁building ▁by ▁over pass es . ▁The ▁two ▁central ▁tracks ▁are ▁used ▁for ▁non - stop ▁train ▁services . ▁The ▁station ▁building ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁sho pping ▁m all , ▁containing ▁an ▁Od ak y u ▁O X ▁super market , ▁Od ak y u ▁department ▁store , ▁a ▁B ic ▁Camera ▁disc ount ▁electron ics ▁store , ▁and ▁the ▁Od ak y u ▁Hotel ▁Century ▁S ag ami - O no . ▁ ▁Platform s ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁station ▁opened ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁as ▁, ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁nearby ▁Army ▁Tele communic ation ▁School ▁( R ik ug un ▁Ts ū sh in - G ak k ō ). ▁It ▁was ▁renamed ▁S ag ami - O no ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁counter - int elligence ▁movement ▁to ▁eliminate ▁the ▁names ▁of ▁military ▁facilities ▁from ▁maps . ▁Work ▁began ▁on ▁the ▁new ▁station ▁complex ▁from ▁September ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁ ▁S urr ounding ▁area ▁I set an ▁department ▁store ▁Min ami ▁Ward ▁office ▁S ag ami ▁Women ' s ▁University ▁K itas ato ▁University ▁( S ag |
ami h ara ▁campus ) ▁Jos hib i ▁University ▁of ▁Art ▁and ▁Design ▁ ▁Bus ▁services ▁The ▁following ▁express ▁bus ▁services ▁operate ▁from ▁the ▁station . ▁▁ ▁Nar ita ▁Airport , ▁operated ▁joint ly ▁by ▁Kan ach u ▁and ▁Ke ise i ▁Bus ▁ ▁Han eda ▁Airport , ▁operated ▁joint ly ▁by ▁Kan ach u ▁and ▁Ke ik y u ▁Bus ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁railway ▁stations ▁in ▁Japan ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁S ag ami - O no ▁Station ▁▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁Kan ag awa ▁Pref ect ure ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁Category : O d ak y u ▁O da w ara ▁Line ▁Category : O d ak y ū ▁En osh ima ▁Line ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁S ag ami h ara <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁F ü sing er ▁Au ▁( also ▁Lo iter ▁Au ) ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁river ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁of ▁Schles wig - Hol stein ▁( Dan ish : ▁S les v ig ▁and ▁Hol sten ▁respectively ), ▁Germany . ▁ ▁The ▁F ü sing er ▁Au ▁starts ▁north ▁of ▁Id sted t ▁( Dan ish : ▁Ist ed ), ▁flows ▁through ▁the ▁la kes ▁Id sted ter ▁See ▁and ▁Lang see ▁( Dan ish : ▁Ist ed ▁S ø ▁and ▁L anges ø ▁respectively ), ▁passes ▁the ▁village ▁Lo it ▁( Dan ish : ▁L ø jt ) ▁and ▁dis charg es ▁into ▁the |
▁Sch lei ▁( Dan ish : ▁S li en ) ▁near ▁F ü sing ▁( a ▁district ▁of ▁Sch aal by ) ▁( Dan ish : ▁F ys ing ▁and ▁Sk å l by ). ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁Schles wig - Hol stein ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁ ▁fl uss info . net ▁( in ▁German ) ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Schles wig - Hol stein ▁ 0 F ü sing er ▁Au ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Germany <0x0A> </s> ▁D uman li ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁D ū m ā nl ī ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Z av ku h ▁R ural ▁District , ▁P ish k amar ▁District , ▁Kal ale h ▁County , ▁Gol est an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 3 3 7 , ▁in ▁ 7 0 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Kal ale h ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁private ▁university ▁in ▁T aka oka , ▁Toy ama , ▁Japan . ▁The ▁prede cess or ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁char tered ▁as ▁a ▁university ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁▁ ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁Category : Private ▁univers ities ▁and ▁colleg es ▁in ▁Japan ▁Category : Univers ities ▁and ▁colleg |
es ▁in ▁Toy ama ▁Pref ect ure <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁Str ut ters , ▁more ▁simply ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Str ut ters , ▁are ▁an ▁American ▁colleg iate ▁dance ▁team ▁from ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁San ▁Mar cos , ▁Texas . ▁They ▁are ▁the ▁first ▁American ▁P rec ision ▁Dance ▁Team ▁to ▁be ▁founded ▁at ▁a ▁four - year ▁university , ▁and ▁are ▁currently ▁the ▁largest ▁team ▁of ▁its ▁kind ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁They ▁have ▁performed ▁nation ally ▁and ▁intern ation ally ▁in ▁twenty - six ▁countries ▁sp anning ▁four ▁contin ents , ▁and ▁are ▁the ▁first ▁U . S . ▁dance ▁team ▁to ▁perform ▁in ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁Other ▁performances ▁include ▁three ▁president ial ▁inaug ural ▁par ades , ▁three ▁M acy ' s ▁Thanks g iving ▁Day ▁Par ades , ▁several ▁NBA ▁and ▁NFL ▁hal ft ime ▁shows , ▁America ' s ▁Got ▁Tal ent , ▁MTV ' s ▁Total ▁Request ▁Live , ▁and ▁appearances ▁in ▁five ▁mov ies . ▁ ▁Br ief ▁history ▁The ▁team ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Mrs . ▁Barbara ▁Gu inn ▁T id well ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁Even ▁with ▁now here ▁to ▁practice ▁on ▁campus , ▁the ▁team ▁became ▁popular ▁immediately , ▁with ▁a ▁photograph ▁of ▁the ▁Str ut ters ▁included ▁in ▁M obil ▁O il ’ s ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁calendar . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁the ▁team ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁represent ▁America ’ s ▁B ic ent |
enn ial ▁in ▁a ▁national ▁television ▁commercial ▁for ▁C oca - Col a . ▁The ▁Str ut ters ▁have ▁a ▁strong ▁and ▁active ▁al umn i ▁group ▁of ▁over ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁who ▁network ▁well , ▁assist ing ▁each ▁other ▁in ▁personal ▁and ▁professional ▁endeav ors . ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁$ 2 . 5 ▁million ▁L inda ▁Gre gg ▁Field s ▁Str ut ters ▁Gallery ▁in ▁the ▁North ▁Side ▁End zone ▁Complex ▁at ▁Bob cat ▁Stadium ▁was ▁opened . ▁Mrs . ▁Field s ▁and ▁her ▁husband , ▁Jerry ▁D . ▁Field s , ▁are ▁among ▁Texas ▁State ’ s ▁most ▁gener ous ▁benef act ors , ▁don ating ▁more ▁than ▁$ 1 1 . 7 ▁million ▁to ▁Texas ▁State , ▁including ▁$ 1 . 3 5 ▁million ▁toward ▁the ▁construction ▁and ▁operation ▁of ▁the ▁gallery ▁which ▁dep ict s ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁organization ▁at ▁the ▁university . ▁ ▁Direct ors ▁Found er ▁Barbara ▁Gu inn ▁T id well ▁served ▁as ▁director ▁and ▁ch ore ograph er ▁from ▁the ▁team ' s ▁creation ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁to ▁her ▁ret irement ▁in ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁After ▁high ▁school ▁gradu ation , ▁she ▁attended ▁Kil g ore ▁Junior ▁College ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁Kil g ore ▁College ▁R anger ette . ▁After ▁Kil g ore , ▁she ▁and ▁three ▁other ▁R anger ettes ▁chose ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Southern ▁Mississippi ▁to |
▁complete ▁their ▁Bach elor ▁degrees , ▁with ▁T id well ▁receiving ▁her ▁degree ▁in ▁history . ▁T id well ▁was ▁teaching ▁at ▁Gal vest on ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁when ▁she ▁applied ▁for ▁a ▁position ▁at ▁South west ▁Texas ▁State ▁hoping ▁to ▁teach ▁history ▁there . ▁The ▁School ▁President , ▁Dr . ▁Jack ▁Flow ers , ▁said ▁he ▁wasn ’ t ▁looking ▁for ▁a ▁history ▁teacher ▁but ▁someone ▁with ▁dance ▁expert ise ▁who ▁could ▁create ▁a ▁team ▁to ▁keep ▁fans ▁in ▁their ▁seats ▁at ▁hal ft ime . ▁ ▁T id well ▁came ▁up ▁the ▁team ▁name ▁herself ▁saying , ▁" I ▁wanted ▁something ▁that ▁didn ' t ▁end ▁in ▁' ettes ." ▁Not ▁all ▁high ▁schools ▁in ▁Texas ▁had ▁a ▁dance ▁team ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁so ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁ 3 0 0 ▁young ▁women ▁who ▁aud ition ed ▁for ▁the ▁very ▁first ▁Str utter ▁line ▁were ▁nov ices , ▁with ▁hardly ▁any ▁background ▁in ▁precision ▁dance / dr ill . ▁Like ▁most ▁good ▁educ ators , ▁T id well ▁usually ▁saw ▁more ▁potential ▁in ▁her ▁girls ▁then ▁they ▁saw ▁in ▁themselves . ▁She ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁teams ' s ▁director ▁and ▁ch ore ograph er ▁for ▁ 3 7 ▁years . ▁Just ▁before ▁her ▁ret irement ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁she ▁was ▁presented ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Al umn us ▁Award , ▁in ▁recognition ▁of ▁her ▁role ▁in ▁found |
ing ▁the ▁Str ut ters . ▁ ▁Susan ▁Ang ell - G on z ale z , ▁a ▁former ▁Str utter ▁Captain , ▁became ▁the ▁team ' s ▁second ▁director ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁As ▁director , ▁she ▁created ▁the ▁Str ut ters ▁Spect ac ular , ▁an ▁annual ▁spring ▁show ▁open ▁to ▁the ▁public , ▁the ▁pre - season ▁show ▁Me et ▁the ▁Str ut ters , ▁and ▁incorpor ated ▁Jazz ▁El ite ▁and ▁Pom ▁Squad ▁into ▁the ▁team . ▁Ang ell - G on z ale z ▁is ▁recognized ▁by ▁her ▁pe ers ▁as ▁an ▁authority ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁precision ▁dance , ▁and ▁she ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁President ▁and ▁CE O ▁of ▁Susan ▁Ang ell ▁Enter pr ises ▁Inc ., ▁which ▁includes ▁Show M akers ▁of ▁America ® . ▁Ang ell - G on z ale z ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Str utter ▁to ▁be ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Str ut ters ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame , ▁has ▁been ▁recognized ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ' s ▁" Top ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Years ▁of ▁Women " ▁for ▁her ▁achiev ements , ▁received ▁the ▁Texas ▁State ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Al um na e ▁Award ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁and ▁received ▁Texas ▁Dance ▁Edu c ators ▁Association ▁Life ▁Time ▁Ach iev ement ▁Award ▁and ▁T DE A ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁Ang ell - G on z ale z ▁held ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁director / ch ore ograph er ▁for ▁ 1 7 ▁years . ▁ |
▁The ▁third , ▁and ▁current ▁director / ch ore ograph er , ▁is ▁former ▁Str utter ▁Tam my ▁West ▁F ife . ▁F ife ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁the ▁team ' s ▁director ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁previously ▁serving ▁as ▁Ass istant ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁team ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 2 0 1 3 . ▁F ife ▁received ▁a ▁fac ulty ▁service ▁award ▁from ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁L if etime ▁Ach iev ement ▁Award ▁from ▁the ▁Texas ▁Dance ▁Edu c ators ▁Association ▁( T DE A ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁being ▁the ▁team ' s ▁director , ▁F ife ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁dance ▁education ▁maj ors , ▁teach es ▁the ▁" Methods ▁of ▁Te aching ▁Dance " ▁course , ▁and ▁super vis es ▁all ▁dance ▁student ▁teachers . ▁ ▁Perform ances ▁and ▁appearances ▁Below ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁major ▁performances ▁and ▁appearances ▁by ▁the ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁Str ut ters . ▁ ▁Str ut ters ' ▁Spect ac ular ▁The ▁Str ut ters ' ▁Spect ac ular ▁is ▁the ▁team ' s ▁annual ▁spring ▁show - off , ▁consisting ▁of ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁d ances ▁and ▁styles , ▁including ▁guest ▁performances ▁and ▁videos ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁The ▁event ▁is ▁usually ▁the ▁team ' s ▁last ▁performance ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁con cluding ▁with ▁a ▁traditional ▁high - k ick ▁routine ▁in ▁the ▁Str utter |
▁field ▁uniform . ▁There ▁are ▁typically ▁three ▁shows ▁during ▁the ▁program ▁week , ▁the ▁last ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁on ▁Saturday ▁night . ▁ ▁Jazz ▁El ite ▁and ▁Pom ▁Squad ▁The ▁Jazz ▁El ite ▁and ▁Pom ▁Squad ▁are ▁special ty ▁groups ▁within ▁the ▁Str utter ' s ▁organization . ▁Both ▁groups ▁have ▁special ▁performances ▁in ▁the ▁Str ut ters ▁Spect ac ular ▁and ▁throughout ▁the ▁year . ▁The ▁Jazz ▁El ite ▁is ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁highly ▁techn ically ▁sk illed ▁d anc ers ▁who ▁often ▁perform ▁the ▁more ▁difficult ▁parts ▁within ▁a ▁team ▁routine . ▁The ▁Str ut ters ▁Pom ▁Squad ▁is ▁a ▁group ▁with ▁high ▁enthus ias m ▁and ▁energy , ▁and ▁are ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁phys ically ▁fit ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁team . ▁The ▁Pom ▁Squad ▁performs ▁on ▁the ▁s idel ines ▁during ▁football ▁games , ▁basketball ▁games , ▁and ▁at ▁spirit ▁r al lies ▁put ▁on ▁by ▁the ▁university . ▁ ▁Offic ers ▁The ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁Offic ers ▁make ▁up ▁the ▁student ▁leadership ▁of ▁the ▁organization . ▁To ▁be ▁el ig ible ▁for ▁an ▁officer ▁position , ▁team ▁members ▁must ▁have ▁completed ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁years ▁on ▁the ▁team . ▁They ▁are ▁chosen ▁by ▁the ▁director , ▁out going ▁officers , ▁current ▁team ▁members , ▁and ▁Str utter ▁Al umn i . ▁Officer ▁uniform s ▁differ ▁from ▁team ▁uniform s ▁in ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁solid ▁white . ▁The ▁Officer ' s ▁also ▁carry ▁a ▁b aton ▁and ▁perform ▁a ▁traditional ▁' Str ut ' ▁during ▁football ▁games . ▁ |
▁Man agers ▁Str utter ▁Man agers ▁are ▁male ▁students ▁at ▁the ▁university , ▁and ▁are ▁selected ▁from ▁those ▁interested ▁in ▁assist ing ▁the ▁team . ▁They ▁retrieve ▁officer ▁bat ons ▁after ▁the ▁Str ut ▁onto ▁the ▁field , ▁carry ▁props ▁and ▁equipment ▁for ▁performances ▁and ▁practices , ▁and ▁accomp any ▁the ▁team ▁at ▁all ▁football ▁performances . ▁They ▁also ▁occasionally ▁perform ▁a ▁com edic ▁routine ▁in ▁the ▁annual ▁Str utter ▁Spect ac ular . ▁Man agers ▁with ▁extensive ▁dance ▁background ▁have ▁also ▁performed ▁in ▁the ▁show ▁as ▁guest ▁perform ers . ▁ ▁Str ut ters ▁Always ▁and ▁Str utter ▁Gi ants ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Str ut ters ▁Always ▁became ▁an ▁official ▁al umn i ▁chapter ▁of ▁Texas ▁State ▁University . ▁The ▁goals ▁of ▁the ▁group ▁include ▁communic ating ▁events ▁to ▁all ▁team ▁al umn i ▁and ▁supporting ▁the ▁organization . ▁The ▁Str ut ters ▁Always ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁ass ists ▁with ▁all ▁al umn i ▁reun ions ▁and ▁other ▁team ▁related ▁events . ▁ ▁Str utter ▁Gi ants ▁are ▁a ▁select ▁group ▁of ▁men ▁and ▁women ▁hon ored ▁for ▁their ▁out standing ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁organization . ▁The ▁current ▁list ▁of ▁Str utter ▁Gi ants ▁includes : ▁▁ ▁Bill ▁Ald rich ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁ ▁Michael ▁and ▁D ian ne ▁H unt ▁Bow man ▁ ▁C ath y ▁Cant u ▁Cook ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Jerry ▁D . ▁and ▁L inda ▁Gre gg ▁Field s ▁ ▁Jimmy ▁and ▁Tam my ▁F ife ▁▁ ▁Dr . ▁Kath y ▁F ite ▁ |
▁Joe ▁and ▁St acy ▁Ch ess her ▁F ow ler ▁▁ ▁Alberto ▁Gonz ale z ▁and ▁Susan ▁Ang ell - G on z ale z ▁ ▁O . C . ▁and ▁Johann a ▁St all man ▁H ale y ▁▁ ▁D iana ▁Be cker ▁Hend r icks ▁ ▁Bob bie ▁and ▁D ott ie ▁St . ▁Cla ir ▁Hill ▁▁ ▁Ger ald ▁and ▁Don na ▁Pet ty ▁Hill ▁ ▁Bill ▁and ▁L oma ▁Hob son ▁▁ ▁David ▁and ▁Julian ne ▁H unt ▁▁ ▁Pa ige ▁L uck ing ▁ ▁J ill ▁Pan key ▁▁▁ ▁Deb bie ▁Johnson ▁Roberts ▁ ▁John ▁B . ▁and ▁D ede e ▁Middle ton ▁Roberts ▁▁ ▁Barbara ▁Gu inn ▁T id well ▁ ▁Sarah ▁Ald rich ▁Vis el ▁▁ ▁Craig ▁and ▁G ail ▁Vitt ito e ▁ ▁June ▁Block er ▁Whit ney ▁ ▁Cont ro vers y ▁and ▁Crit ic ism ▁Like ▁many ▁other ▁organizations , ▁the ▁Str ut ters ▁have ▁had ▁controvers y ▁and ▁criticism ▁over ▁their ▁history . ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁did ▁not ▁integrate ▁the ▁school ▁until ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁and ▁the ▁team ▁was ▁pre domin antly ▁white ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁ 2 9 ▁years ▁of ▁its ▁existence . ▁Since ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁eth nic ities ▁have ▁joined ▁the ▁team , ▁many ▁gain ing ▁leadership ▁positions ▁within ▁the ▁organization . ▁The ▁team ▁selected ▁its ▁first ▁African ▁American ▁officer ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁no ▁height ▁or ▁weight ▁requirements , ▁although |
▁team ▁members ▁must ▁have ▁proper ▁weight ▁for ▁their ▁height , ▁frame , ▁and ▁b one ▁structure . ▁Team ▁activities ▁require ▁out standing ▁card io - vas cular ▁condition ing , ▁strength , ▁and ▁stam ina . ▁Body ▁pier c ings , ▁t atto os , ▁br ands , ▁or ▁symbols ▁visible ▁on ▁the ▁skin ▁are ▁not ▁permitted , ▁nor ▁are ▁dist ra ctions ▁from ▁the ▁uniform ity ▁of ▁cost uming ▁permitted . ▁ ▁The ▁rules ▁for ▁the ▁organization ▁are ▁many , ▁and ▁conform ing ▁to ▁them ▁can ▁be ▁difficult ▁for ▁d anc ers ▁who ▁prefer ▁individual ▁acc ol ades ▁over ▁being ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁team . ▁Other ▁university ▁students ▁often ▁state ▁that ▁the ▁extensive ▁list ▁of ▁rules ▁takes ▁away ▁the ▁identity ▁and ▁expression ▁of ▁the ▁individual . ▁The ▁team ▁def ends ▁itself ▁by ▁rem inding ▁others ▁that ▁the ▁being ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁organization ▁is ▁elect ive , ▁not ▁mand atory , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁rules ▁are ▁in ▁place ▁to ▁ins ure ▁a ▁level ▁playing ▁field ▁for ▁everyone , ▁and ▁designed ▁to ▁bring ▁out ▁an ▁individual ' s ▁qual ities ▁within ▁the ▁construct s ▁of ▁a ▁team . ▁As ▁amb ass adors ▁of ▁Texas ▁State ▁University , ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Texas , ▁and ▁the ▁US , ▁team ▁members ▁glad ly ▁ad here ▁to ▁the ▁rules ▁set ▁forth ▁by ▁the ▁organization . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁the ▁organization ▁drew ▁criticism ▁for ▁agree ing ▁to ▁perform ▁at ▁the ▁inaug uration ▁of ▁Donald ▁Trump . ▁The ▁criticism ▁was ▁primarily ▁from ▁current ▁students |
▁of ▁Texas ▁State , ▁but ▁other ▁groups ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁inaug ural , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁M orm on ▁Tab ern acle ▁Ch oir , ▁were ▁also ▁widely ▁critic ized ▁for ▁their ▁participation ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁Popular ▁culture ▁The ▁Str ut ters ▁have ▁been ▁on ▁the ▁television ▁show ▁MTV ' s ▁Total ▁Request ▁Live , ▁America ' s ▁Got ▁Tal ent , ▁and ▁in ▁a ▁C oca - Col a ▁commercial ▁celebr ating ▁America ' s ▁b ic ent enn ial . ▁They ▁are ▁featured ▁in ▁five ▁motion ▁pictures ▁and ▁performed ▁in ▁the ▁M acy ' s ▁Thanks g iving ▁Day ▁Par ade ▁three ▁times . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Dr ill ▁Team ▁Dance ▁Squad ▁Texas ▁State ▁University ▁Major ette ▁( Dan cer ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁T x Str ut ters . com ▁ ▁Official ▁Str utter ▁YouTube ▁Channel ▁ ▁Category : Tex as ▁State ▁University ▁Category : Tex as ▁State ▁University ▁System <0x0A> </s> ▁G anes ha ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁comb ▁jel lies . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁genus ▁in ▁the ▁monot yp ic ▁family ▁Gan esh idae ▁and ▁the ▁order ▁Gan esh ida . ▁They ▁are ▁character ized ▁by ▁pair ▁of ▁small ▁lo bes ▁round ▁the ▁mouth , ▁and ▁extended ▁ph ary nx . ▁Two ▁species ▁are ▁currently ▁recognized : ▁G anes ha ▁eleg ans ▁and ▁G anes ha ▁ann am ita . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : T ent ac ul ata ▁Category : An imal ▁orders <0x0A> </s> ▁State ▁Highway ▁ 3 2 7 |
, ▁abbre vi ated ▁SH ▁ 3 2 7 , ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁state ▁highway ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁Texas . ▁ ▁The ▁highway ▁begins ▁at ▁a ▁j unction ▁with ▁U . S . ▁Highway ▁ 6 9 ▁( US ▁ 6 9 ) ▁and ▁US ▁ 2 8 7 ▁south ▁of ▁K ount ze ▁and ▁heads ▁east ▁to ▁a ▁j unction ▁with ▁U . S . ▁Highway ▁ 9 6 ▁in ▁S ils be e . ▁ ▁History ▁SH ▁ 3 2 7 ▁was ▁designated ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁a ▁route ▁from ▁US ▁ 6 9 ▁south ▁of ▁K ount ze ▁to ▁S ils be e . ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁the ▁highway ▁was ▁extended ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁location ▁of ▁US ▁ 9 6 . ▁ ▁Route ▁description ▁SH ▁ 3 2 7 ▁begins ▁ ▁in ▁East ▁Texas ▁at ▁a ▁j unction ▁with ▁US ▁ 6 9 ▁and ▁US ▁ 2 8 7 . ▁ ▁It ▁intersect s ▁US ▁ 9 6 ▁Bus . ▁in ▁S ils be e . ▁ ▁SH ▁ 3 2 7 ▁reaches ▁its ▁eastern ▁termin us ▁at ▁US ▁ 9 6 ▁in ▁S ils be e . ▁ ▁J unction ▁list ▁ ▁References ▁▁ 3 2 7 ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁Hard in ▁County , ▁Texas <0x0A> </s> ▁Abb é ▁François ▁Bl anch et ▁( 2 6 ▁January ▁ 1 7 0 |
7 ▁– ▁ 2 9 ▁January ▁ 1 7 8 4 ) ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁litt ér ateur , ▁or ▁Intel lect ual . ▁He ▁spent ▁his ▁younger ▁years ▁in ▁a ▁Jes uit ▁( So ci ety ▁of ▁Jesus ) ▁order . ▁Bl anch et ▁was ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁Ap olog ues ▁and ▁T ales , ▁a ▁highly ▁este emed ▁work . ▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁Ap olog ues ▁et ▁Cont es ▁Orient aux ▁( 1 7 8 4 , ▁Paris ) ▁( in ▁English , ▁Ap olog ues ▁and ▁T ales ) ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 7 0 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 7 8 4 ▁death s ▁Category : F rench ▁male ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁Princess ▁Ol uf emi - K ay ode ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁Mod u pe ▁Ol uf emi - K ay ode ) ▁is ▁a ▁Niger ian ▁criminal ▁justice ▁psych ologist ▁and ▁prominent ▁child ▁rights ▁activ ist . ▁Ol uf emi - K ay ode ▁became ▁an ▁Ash oka ▁fellow ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁Executive ▁Director ▁of ▁Media ▁Conc ern ▁for ▁Women ▁and ▁Children ▁In iti ative ▁( ME DI AC ON ), ▁a ▁non ▁profit ▁organisation ▁( NG O ) ▁listed ▁by ▁the ▁U ND P ▁which ▁works ▁with ▁child ▁vict ims ▁of ▁sexual ▁ab use ▁and ▁explo itation . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁Princess ▁is ▁a ▁child ▁ab use ▁surv iv or , ▁who ▁was ▁ab used ▁several ▁times ▁by ▁her ▁close ▁associ ates . |
▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁she ▁wrote ▁two ▁po ems ▁about ▁her ▁child ▁ab use ▁experience . ▁ ▁Career ▁She ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁column ist ▁in ▁The ▁P unch ▁newspaper , ▁where ▁she ▁managed ▁a ▁column ▁called ▁" Pr in cess ▁Column ". ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁an ▁international ▁speaker ▁and ▁lo ver ▁of ▁children . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁she ▁founded ▁Media ▁Conc ern ▁In iti ative ▁for ▁Women ▁and ▁Children , ▁a ▁non - g overn ment al ▁organisation ▁for ▁women ▁and ▁children ▁that ▁focus es ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁sexual ▁violence ▁prevent ion ▁and ▁crisis ▁response ▁in ▁Niger ia ▁and ▁Africa . ▁She ▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁various ▁radio ▁talk ▁shows ▁and ▁television ▁program mes . ▁She ▁became ▁an ▁Ash oka ▁fellow ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Y outube ▁Media ▁Conc ern ▁In iti ative ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : W omen ▁in ▁Niger ia <0x0A> </s> ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Amer icas ▁Ass ass ins ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁American ▁short ▁document ary ▁film ▁about ▁human ▁rights ▁ab uses ▁by ▁gradu ates ▁of ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Amer icas . ▁Produ ced ▁by ▁Robert ▁Rich ter , ▁it ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁an ▁Academy ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Document ary ▁Short . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁School ▁of ▁Ass ass ins ▁at ▁Rich ter ▁Videos ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁films ▁Category |
: 1 9 9 4 ▁short ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁document ary ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁document ary ▁films ▁Category : American ▁independent ▁films ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : Short ▁document ary ▁films ▁Category : Document ary ▁films ▁about ▁human ▁rights <0x0A> </s> ▁Georges ▁Robin ▁( 1 9 0 4 – 1 9 2 8 ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁J or j ▁Robin , ▁was ▁a ▁sculpt or ▁and ▁designer ▁from ▁N antes . ▁ ▁Robin ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Bre ton ▁national ist ▁art ▁movement ▁Se iz ▁Bre ur , ▁working ▁at ▁the ▁magazine ▁K orn og , ▁founded ▁by ▁the ▁movement ' s ▁leader ▁René - Y ves ▁C rest on . ▁He ▁created ▁sculpt ures ▁and ▁emb roid ery ▁designs ▁for ▁the ▁work shop ▁N ado zi ou ▁( need les ) ▁based ▁in ▁N antes . ▁ ▁With ▁other ▁members ▁of ▁Se iz ▁Bre ur ▁he ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁found ing ▁of ▁the ▁N antes ▁C elt ic ▁Circle , ▁l ending ▁his ▁design ▁studio ▁for ▁its ▁classes ▁in ▁the ▁Bre ton ▁language . ▁He ▁also ▁created ▁a ▁project ▁for ▁a ▁Bre ton ▁language ▁cho ir . ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁early ▁death ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 2 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁comm emor ated ▁in ▁a ▁special ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁journal ▁K elt ia , ▁written ▁by ▁C rest on ▁and ▁Paul ▁Lad mi ra ult . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 |
4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 2 8 ▁death s ▁Category : Bre ton ▁national ists ▁Category : Bre ton ▁artists ▁Category : F rench ▁ill ust rat ors ▁Category : F rench ▁mixed - media ▁artists ▁Category : F rench ▁decor ative ▁artists ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁French ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : F rench ▁male ▁sculpt ors <0x0A> </s> ▁was ▁a ▁town ▁located ▁in ▁In ash iki ▁District , ▁I bar aki ▁Pref ect ure , ▁Japan . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁town ▁had ▁an ▁estimated ▁population ▁of ▁ 2 0 , 0 3 0 ▁and ▁a ▁population ▁density ▁of ▁ 3 7 9 . 2 1 ▁per ▁km ². ▁The ▁total ▁area ▁was ▁ 5 2 . 8 2 ▁km ². ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Ed os aki ▁and ▁the ▁towns ▁of ▁Az uma ▁and ▁Sh int one , ▁and ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Sak ur ag awa ▁( all ▁from ▁In ash iki ▁District ), ▁were ▁merged ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁In ash iki ▁and ▁no ▁longer ▁exists ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁municipality . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁of ▁In ash iki ▁city ▁▁ ▁Category : D iss ol ved ▁municipal ities ▁of ▁I bar aki ▁Pref ect ure <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁following ▁lists ▁events ▁that ▁happened ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁in ▁I cel and . ▁ ▁Inc umb ents ▁President ▁– ▁V ig d ís ▁Finn b og |
adó tt ir ▁ ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁– ▁Dav í ð ▁O dd sson ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁in ▁I cel and ▁I cel and ▁I cel and ▁Category : Year s ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁in ▁I cel and <0x0A> </s> ▁Donald ▁Alexander ▁Mack en zie ▁( 2 4 ▁July ▁ 1 8 7 3 ▁– ▁ 2 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 6 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Scottish ▁journalist ▁and ▁folk lor ist ▁and ▁a ▁pro l ific ▁writer ▁on ▁religion , ▁myth ology ▁and ▁anth rop ology ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁career ▁ ▁Mack en zie ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁C rom art y , ▁son ▁of ▁A . H . ▁Mack en zie ▁and ▁I so bel ▁Mack ay . ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁journalist ▁in ▁Glasgow ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁moved ▁to ▁D ing wall ▁as ▁owner ▁and ▁editor ▁of ▁The ▁North ▁Star . ▁His ▁next ▁move , ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 , ▁was ▁to ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Journal ▁in ▁D und ee . ▁From ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁he ▁represented ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁paper , ▁The ▁Bul letin , ▁in ▁Edinburgh . ▁As ▁well ▁as ▁writing ▁books , ▁articles ▁and ▁po ems , ▁he ▁often ▁gave ▁lect ures , ▁and ▁also ▁broadcast ▁tal ks ▁on ▁C elt ic ▁myth ology . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁friend ▁of ▁many ▁special ist ▁authorities ▁in ▁his ▁areas ▁of ▁interest . ▁ ▁His ▁older ▁brother |
▁was ▁William ▁Mack ay ▁Mack en zie , ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Commission ▁on ▁An cient ▁and ▁Historical ▁Mon uments ▁of ▁Scotland ▁between ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Edinburgh ▁on ▁ 2 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁and ▁was ▁buried ▁in ▁C rom art y . ▁ ▁The ories ▁ ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁mat ri archy ▁ ▁In ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁key ▁works , ▁M yth s ▁of ▁Cre te ▁and ▁Pre - H ellen ic ▁Europe ▁( 1 9 1 7 ), ▁Mack en zie ▁argued ▁that ▁across ▁Europe ▁during ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁times , ▁pre - Ind o - Europe an ▁soci eties ▁were ▁mat ri arch al ▁and ▁woman - center ed ▁( g yn oc ent ric ), ▁where ▁god d esses ▁were ▁v ener ated ▁but ▁that ▁the ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁Ind o - Europe an ▁patri arch al ▁(" andro cr atic ") ▁culture ▁supp l anted ▁it . ▁Mack en zie ' s ▁mat rist ic ▁theories ▁were ▁not ably ▁influ ential ▁to ▁Mar ija ▁G im but as . ▁He ▁also ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁mat ri archy ▁was ▁as ▁far ▁north ▁as ▁Scotland , ▁writing ▁an ▁article ▁in ▁the ▁C elt ic ▁Review ▁called ▁" A ▁High land ▁God dess " ▁attempting ▁to ▁trace ▁the ▁very ▁early ▁presence ▁of ▁god dess ▁worship . ▁ ▁Buddh ist ▁diffusion ism ▁ ▁Mack en zie ▁was ▁a ▁diffusion ist . ▁He |
▁believed ▁specifically ▁that ▁Buddh ists ▁colon ised ▁the ▁glo be ▁in ▁ancient ▁anti qu ity ▁and ▁were ▁responsible ▁for ▁spread ing ▁the ▁sw ast ika . ▁In ▁his ▁Buddh ism ▁in ▁Pre - Christ ian ▁Britain ▁( 1 9 2 8 ) ▁he ▁developed ▁the ▁theory ▁that ▁Buddh ists ▁were ▁in ▁Britain ▁and ▁Sc and in avia ▁long ▁before ▁the ▁spread ▁of ▁Christian ity . ▁His ▁main ▁evidence ▁can ▁be ▁summar ised ▁as ▁follows : ▁ ▁The ▁G und est rup ▁bow l ▁" on ▁which ▁the ▁C elt ic ▁god , ▁C ern unn os , ▁is ▁post ured ▁like ▁a ▁typical ▁Bud d ha ". ▁Ga ul ish ▁co ins ▁with ▁se ated ▁figures ▁like ▁Bud d ha . ▁The ▁testim ony ▁of ▁As oka , ▁who ▁launched ▁Buddh ist ▁activities ▁into ▁Europe . ▁Or igen ' s ▁statement ▁of ▁Buddh ist ▁do ctr ines ▁in ▁ancient ▁Britain . ▁ ▁The ▁work ▁received ▁a ▁mixed ▁reception . ▁Professor ▁of ▁Philosoph y ▁Ver g il ius ▁F erm ▁review ed ▁the ▁work ▁posit ively , ▁but ▁other ▁sch ol ars ▁critic ised ▁it ▁for ▁its ▁lack ▁of ▁evidence . ▁ ▁Ra cial ▁origin ▁of ▁British ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁Mack en zie ▁published ▁An cient ▁Man ▁in ▁Britain , ▁a ▁work ▁covering ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁Britain ▁from ▁Upper ▁Pale ol ith ic ▁times , ▁from ▁a ▁strong ▁eth n ological ▁basis . ▁The ▁for ew ord ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁G raft on ▁Elli ot ▁Smith |
. ▁The ▁work ▁covers ▁the ▁earliest ▁settlement ▁of ▁Britain ▁by ▁the ▁first ▁modern ▁humans ▁from ▁around ▁ 3 5 , 0 0 0 ▁years ▁ago ▁during ▁the ▁Aur ign aci an ▁( pp . 1 9 – 2 7 ). ▁In ▁the ▁book , ▁Mack en zie ▁maintain s ▁that ▁the ▁C au cas oid ▁Cro - M agn ons ▁who ▁settled ▁in ▁Britain ▁were ▁dark ▁ha ired ▁and ▁dark ▁e yed , ▁ra cially ▁a kin ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁Bas ques , ▁I ber ians ▁and ▁Ber bers ▁of ▁North ▁Africa ▁( p . 2 5 ), ▁who ▁he ▁the or ised ▁were ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁earliest ▁represent atives ▁of ▁the ▁Mediter rane an ▁race . ▁This ▁ind igen ous ▁proto - Med iter rane an ▁ra cial ▁stock ▁was ▁later ▁inv aded ▁by ▁another ▁" vari ety ▁of ▁the ▁Mediter rane an ▁race " ▁who ▁initi ated ▁the ▁Sol ut re an ▁culture ▁around ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁years ▁ago ▁( p . 5 0 ). ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Mack en zie , ▁the ▁Aur ign aci an ▁and ▁Sol ut re an ▁pe op les ▁of ▁Britain ▁trad ed ▁in ▁shell s ▁with ▁Cro - M agn ons ▁of ▁France . ▁They ▁later ▁inter ming led ▁with ▁later ▁arriv ing ▁C au cas oid ▁ra cial ▁types , ▁including ▁the ▁proto - Al p ines ▁( F ur fo oz ▁race ), ▁who ▁were ▁bra chy cel phal ic ▁( bro ad - sk |
ul led ) ▁and ▁a ▁L app id ▁race , ▁who ▁had ▁minor ▁E sk imo ▁phen ot yp ic ▁tra its . ▁Mack en zie ▁also ▁believed ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁highly ▁dep ig ment ated ▁ra cial ▁type ▁in ▁small ▁numbers ▁in ▁Britain ▁during ▁the ▁Mag d alen ian , ▁perhaps ▁who ▁were ▁also ▁bl onde , ▁who ▁inter ming led ▁with ▁the ▁" dark ▁I ber ians " ▁( p . 6 0 ). ▁Mack en zie ▁believed ▁that ▁during ▁the ▁Ne ol ith ic , ▁the ▁pre domin ant ▁ra cial ▁type ▁of ▁Britain ▁continued ▁to ▁be ▁Mediter ran oid : ▁" The ▁carri ers ▁of ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁culture ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁main ▁I ber ians ▁of ▁Mediter rane an ▁ra cial ▁type " ▁( p . 1 2 6 ) ▁who ▁trad ed ▁in ▁p ear ls ▁and ▁or es . ▁Regarding ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁Britain , ▁Mack en zie ▁devoted ▁several ▁chap ters ▁supporting ▁his ▁theory ▁that ▁trad ers ▁and ▁" pro spect ors " ▁( min ers ) ▁arrived ▁in ▁Britain ▁c . ▁ 2 5 0 0 ▁BC , ▁originally ▁from ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Mediter rane an ▁( pp . 9 8 – 1 0 1 ). ▁This ▁theory ▁was ▁initially ▁developed ▁by ▁Harold ▁Pe ake , ▁who ▁co ined ▁the ▁term ▁" Pro spect or ▁Theory ". ▁In ▁the ▁scientific ▁literature ▁of ▁Car leton ▁S . ▁Co on ▁( 1 9 3 9 ), ▁the ▁theory ▁was ▁rev ived , |
▁and ▁the ▁Mediter rane ans ▁who ▁colon ised ▁Britain ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁or ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁were ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Med way ▁meg al ith s ▁( or ▁long - bar row ▁Meg al ith ic ▁culture ). ▁Joseph ▁Den iker ▁earlier ▁called ▁these ▁colon ists ▁" At l anto - Med iter rane an ". ▁ ▁Mack en zie ▁believed ▁that ▁these ▁Mediter rane ans ▁who ▁colon ised ▁parts ▁of ▁Britain ▁surv ived ▁well ▁into ▁later ▁historic ▁periods ▁( p . 1 1 8 ) ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁Mediter rane an ▁race ▁in ▁general ▁was ▁the ▁bulk ▁ra cial ▁stock ▁of ▁Britain ▁from ▁Pale ol ith ic ▁through ▁to ▁the ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁and ▁to ▁more ▁recent ▁periods . ▁They ▁had ▁black ▁or ▁brown ▁hair , ▁and ▁sw ar thy ▁skin ▁" like ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁Southern ▁It ali ans " ▁( p . 1 2 6 ) ▁and ▁have ▁surv ived ▁in ▁numerous ▁po ckets ▁of ▁Britain ▁to ▁the ▁modern ▁day ▁( p . 1 3 9 ) ▁despite ▁that ▁the ▁later ▁Ang lo - S ax on ▁and ▁Nor se ▁settlement , ▁who ▁were ▁fair er ▁in ▁appearance , ▁Mack en zie ▁believed ▁their ▁gen etic ▁input ▁or ▁ad mi xture ▁was ▁very ▁limited ▁but ▁that ▁they ▁sub j ug ated ▁the ▁British ▁impos ing ▁a ▁new ▁civil ization ▁and ▁culture ▁( p . 2 2 7 ). ▁ ▁Pub lished ▁works ▁ ▁El ves ▁and ▁Hero es ▁( 1 9 |
0 9 ) ▁Finn ▁and ▁his ▁war rior ▁band ; : ▁Or , ▁T ales ▁of ▁old ▁Alban ▁( 1 9 1 1 ) ▁The ▁k hal if ate ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁( 1 9 1 1 ) ▁Te ut onic ▁M yth ▁and ▁Leg end ▁( 1 9 1 2 , ▁ 2 nd ▁Ed . ▁ 1 9 3 4 ) ▁▁ ▁Egypt ian ▁M yth ▁and ▁Leg end ▁( 1 9 1 3 ) ▁M yth s ▁and ▁Leg ends ▁of ▁Bab yl onia ▁and ▁Ass y ria ▁( 1 9 1 5 ); ▁online ▁ed itions : ▁g uten berg . org , ▁sacred - text s . com , ▁wisdom lib . org ▁Indian ▁Fair y ▁St ories ▁( 1 9 1 5 ) ▁Bra ve ▁de eds ▁of ▁the ▁War ▁( 1 9 1 5 ) ▁Hero es ▁and ▁Hero ic ▁De eds ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁War ▁( 1 9 1 5 ) ▁Great ▁de eds ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁war ▁( 1 9 1 6 ) ▁St ories ▁of ▁Russian ▁Fol k - Life ▁( 1 9 1 6 ) ▁Lord ▁K itch ener , ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁and ▁work ▁( 1 9 1 6 ) ▁From ▁all ▁the ▁Front s ▁( 1 9 1 7 ) ▁Wonder ▁tales ▁from ▁Scottish ▁M yth ▁and ▁Leg end ▁( 1 9 1 7 ) ▁M yth s ▁of ▁Cre te ▁and ▁Pre - H ellen ic ▁Europe ▁( 1 9 1 7 ) ▁The ▁World ' s |
▁Heritage ▁Of ▁Ep ical , ▁Hero ic ▁And ▁Rom antic ▁Liter ature ▁Volume ▁I ▁( 1 9 1 8 ) ▁The ▁World ' s ▁Heritage ▁Of ▁Ep ical , ▁Hero ic ▁And ▁Rom antic ▁Liter ature ▁Volume ▁II ▁( 1 9 1 9 ) ▁Indian ▁M yth ▁and ▁Leg end ▁( 1 9 1 9 ) ▁S ons ▁& ▁daughters ▁of ▁the ▁Mother land ▁( 1 9 1 9 ) ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁War ▁( 1 9 2 0 ) ▁S ons ▁& ▁daughters ▁of ▁Canada ▁( 1 9 2 0 ) ▁An cient ▁Man ▁in ▁Britain ▁( 1 9 2 2 ) ▁M yth s ▁of ▁Pre - Col umb ian ▁America ▁( 1 9 2 4 ) ▁T ales ▁from ▁the ▁Northern ▁S agas ▁( 1 9 2 6 ) ▁The ▁God s ▁of ▁the ▁Class ics ▁( 1 9 2 6 ) ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁An cient ▁Cre te ▁( 8 0 ▁page ▁book let , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ) ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁An cient ▁Egypt ▁( 8 0 ▁page ▁book let , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ) ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁An cient ▁Bab yl onia ▁and ▁Ass y ria ▁( 8 0 ▁page ▁book let , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ) ▁Buddh ism ▁in ▁Pre - Christ ian ▁Britain ▁( 1 9 2 8 ) ▁M yth s ▁of ▁China ▁and ▁Japan ▁( 1 9 2 4 , ▁ 2 nd ▁Ed . ▁ 1 9 3 0 ) ▁An cient ▁England ▁( |
p am ph let , ▁ 1 9 3 1 ) ▁M yth s ▁and ▁Trad itions ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁Sea ▁Islands ▁( 1 9 3 1 ) ▁The ▁M igration ▁of ▁Symbol s ▁and ▁their ▁Rel ations ▁to ▁Bel ief s ▁and ▁Custom s ▁( 1 9 2 6 ) ▁Foot print s ▁Of ▁Early ▁Man ▁( 1 9 2 7 ) ▁An cient ▁civil izations ▁from ▁the ▁earliest ▁times ▁to ▁the ▁birth ▁of ▁Christ ▁( 1 9 2 7 ) ▁Bur m ese ▁Wonder ▁T ales ▁( 1 9 2 9 ) ▁Scotland : ▁the ▁ancient ▁kingdom ▁( 1 9 3 0 ) ▁Some ▁Mak ers ▁of ▁History ▁( 1 9 3 0 ) ▁M yth s ▁from ▁Mel anes ia ▁and ▁Indones ia ▁( 1 9 3 0 , ▁ 2 nd ▁Ed . ▁ 1 9 3 3 ) ▁Scottish ▁folk - l ore ▁and ▁folk ▁life ▁( 1 9 3 5 ) ▁Songs ▁of ▁the ▁High lands ▁and ▁the ▁islands ▁( 1 9 3 6 ) ▁ ▁Biography ▁The ▁Sc ots man , ▁ 3 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Lewis ▁Sp ence ▁David ▁Mac R itch ie ▁John ▁Stuart ▁Stuart - G l enn ie ▁G und est rup ▁ca uld ron ▁John ▁Rh ys ▁Scottish ▁p ork ▁tab oo ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Wonder ▁T ales ▁from ▁Scottish ▁M yth ▁and ▁Leg end ▁at ▁sacred - text s . com ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 3 ▁birth s ▁Category |
: 1 9 3 6 ▁death s ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁journal ists ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁folk lor ists ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁histor ians ▁Category : Com par ative ▁myth olog ists ▁Category : M yth ograph ers ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁the ▁Black ▁Is le ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁newspaper ▁edit ors ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Scottish ▁people ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Scottish ▁writers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁British ▁histor ians <0x0A> </s> ▁Christopher ▁Jos if ▁H agi ▁G lig or ▁( born ▁ 8 ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Australian ▁football ▁( s occer ) ▁central ▁mid f iel der ▁player , ▁who ▁last ▁played ▁for ▁Per th ▁Gl ory ▁in ▁the ▁A - Le ague . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁former ▁Roman ian ▁footballer , ▁T iber iu ▁G lig or , ▁who ▁em igr ated ▁to ▁Australia ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁G lig or ▁is ▁also ▁half - Fil ip ino ▁on ▁his ▁mother ' s ▁side . ▁He ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁great ▁former ▁Roman ian ▁international ▁G he org he ▁H agi . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁ ▁Sydney ▁FC ▁As ▁an ▁integral ▁part ▁of ▁Sydney ▁FC ' s ▁youth ▁team , ▁G lig or ▁featured ▁prom in ently ▁for ▁two ▁seasons ▁which ▁prompt ed ▁the ▁club ▁to ▁sign ▁him ▁to ▁his ▁first ▁senior ▁deal ▁at ▁the |
▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 ▁A - Le ague ▁season . ▁The ▁prom ising ▁young ▁mid f iel der ▁signed ▁a ▁two - year ▁deal ▁with ▁Sydney ▁FC ▁along ▁with ▁fellow ▁youth ▁players ▁Mitchell ▁Mall ia ▁and ▁Daniel ▁Pet kov ski . ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁G lig or ▁also ▁won ▁player ▁of ▁the ▁month ▁and ▁received ▁a ▁nom ination ▁for ▁National ▁Youth ▁League ▁Player ▁Of ▁The ▁Year . ▁ ▁After ▁many ▁stand out ▁performances ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Youth ▁League , ▁he ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁senior ▁league ▁appearance ▁at ▁just ▁ 1 7 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁on ▁ 3 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁away ▁to ▁Central ▁Coast ▁Mar in ers . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁H agi , ▁along ▁with ▁several ▁other ▁players ▁were ▁released ▁from ▁Sydney ▁FC . ▁ ▁Per th ▁Gl ory ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁G lig or ▁signed ▁a ▁contract ▁with ▁Per th ▁Gl ory . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : Austral ia ▁youth ▁international ▁s occer ▁players ▁Category : Austral ia ▁under - 2 0 ▁international ▁s occer ▁players ▁Category : Austral ian ▁s occer ▁players ▁Category : Austral ian ▁people ▁of ▁Filip ino ▁descent ▁Category : Austral ian ▁people ▁of ▁Roman ian |
▁descent ▁Category : S yd ney ▁FC ▁players ▁Category : Per th ▁Gl ory ▁FC ▁players ▁Category : A - Le ague ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Po it ras ▁is ▁a ▁surname . ▁It ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁An ique ▁Po it ras ▁( 1 9 6 1 – 2 0 1 6 ), ▁Canadian ▁writer ▁Aud rey ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 0 ), ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁M ét is ▁Nation ▁of ▁Al berta , ▁Canada ▁D iane ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 1 ), ▁Canadian ▁video ▁and ▁film ▁artist ▁George ▁Po it ras ▁( 1 9 3 7 – 2 0 0 5 ), ▁chief ▁of ▁the ▁P ee pe ek isis ▁C ree ▁Nation , ▁Canada ▁G illes ▁Po it ras , ▁Canadian - born ▁author ▁of ▁books ▁rel ating ▁to ▁an ime ▁and ▁m anga ▁Jane ▁Ash ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 1 ), ▁Canadian ▁artist ▁and ▁print maker ▁Jane ▁Cow ell - Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 3 ), ▁Canadian ▁politician ▁Jean - G uy ▁Po it ras , ▁Canadian ▁bad m inton ▁ref eree ▁Laura ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 4 ), ▁American ▁director ▁and ▁producer ▁of ▁document ary ▁films ▁Lawrence ▁Po it ras , ▁Canadian ▁judge ▁Marie - H él ène ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 5 ), ▁Canadian ▁writer ▁Pierre ▁Po it ras ▁( 1 8 1 0 – 1 8 8 |
9 ), ▁Canadian ▁politician ▁St acy ▁Po it ras ▁American ▁ch ains aw ▁car ving ▁sculpt or ▁T ina ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 0 ), ▁ ▁Canadian ▁race ▁walk er ▁Tom ▁Po it ras , ▁American ▁s occer ▁coach ▁Y von ▁Po it ras ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 8 ), ▁Canadian ▁business man , ▁politician ▁and ▁lo bb y ist <0x0A> </s> ▁Peter ▁John ▁Mitchell ▁Thomas , ▁Baron ▁Thomas ▁of ▁G w yd ir , ▁ ▁( 3 1 ▁July ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁– ▁ 4 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁Conserv ative ▁politician . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Wel sh man ▁to ▁become ▁Chair man ▁of ▁the ▁Conserv ative ▁Party , ▁serving ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁Conserv ative ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Wales , ▁holding ▁that ▁office ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁Early ▁and ▁family ▁life ▁Thomas ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁L lan rw st , ▁where ▁his ▁father ▁was ▁a ▁solic itor . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁village ▁school , ▁and ▁then ▁Ep worth ▁College ▁in ▁Rh yl , ▁before ▁reading ▁law ▁at ▁Jesus ▁College , ▁Oxford . ▁ ▁He ▁joined ▁the ▁Royal ▁Air ▁Force ▁( RA F ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁on ▁the ▁out break ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁shot ▁down ▁while |
▁serving ▁as ▁a ▁bom ber ▁pilot ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁and ▁spent ▁four ▁years ▁in ▁prisoner - of - war ▁cam ps ▁in ▁Germany , ▁moving ▁from ▁St al ag ▁Luft ▁VI ▁to ▁St al ag ▁Luft ▁III ▁and ▁then ▁at ▁St al ag ▁XI - B . ▁▁ ▁He ▁continued ▁his ▁legal ▁studies ▁while ▁imprison ed , ▁and ▁was ▁also ▁an ▁amateur ▁actor . ▁ ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁bar r ister ▁after ▁the ▁war , ▁and ▁was ▁called ▁to ▁the ▁Bar ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁at ▁Middle ▁Temple . ▁ ▁He ▁pract ised ▁on ▁the ▁Wales ▁and ▁Ch ester ▁circuit , ▁and ▁took ▁sil k ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ ▁He ▁became ▁deput y ▁chairman ▁of ▁Ch esh ire ▁quarter ▁sessions ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁and ▁then ▁of ▁Den b igh shire ▁quarter ▁sessions ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁serving ▁in ▁both ▁offices ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁Crown ▁Court ▁rec order ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁and ▁also ▁sat ▁as ▁an ▁arbitr ator ▁on ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁Ar bitr ation ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce ▁in ▁Paris . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁b iling ual ▁in ▁Wel sh ▁and ▁English , ▁and ▁took ▁an ▁active ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁G ors ed d , ▁att ending ▁E isted df od au ▁under ▁the ▁b ard ic ▁name ▁Ped r ▁Con wy ▁( Wel sh |
: ▁Peter ▁from ▁Con way ). ▁ ▁He ▁married ▁T essa ▁Dean ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁actor ▁and ▁film ▁and ▁the atr ical ▁producer ▁Bas il ▁Dean ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Lady ▁Mer cy ▁Gre ville . ▁ ▁His ▁wife ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁and ▁he ▁out l ived ▁both ▁of ▁their ▁two ▁sons . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁surv ived ▁by ▁his ▁two ▁daughters ▁upon ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 8 7 . ▁ ▁Political ▁career ▁Thomas ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁Parliament ▁as ▁MP ▁for ▁Con way ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁winning ▁a ▁narrow ▁majority ▁in ▁the ▁marg inal ▁seat ▁over ▁the ▁Labour ▁inc umb ent . ▁ ▁He ▁turned ▁down ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁Under - Secret ary ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Wales ▁at ▁the ▁Home ▁Office ▁to ▁concent rate ▁on ▁his ▁legal ▁career , ▁but ▁later ▁served ▁as ▁Parliament ary ▁private ▁secretary ▁to ▁Sir ▁Harry ▁H yl ton - F oster ▁( the ▁Sol ic itor ▁General ▁and ▁later ▁Spe aker ) ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 9 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁Europe ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁and ▁spons ored ▁the ▁private ▁members ▁bill ▁that ▁became ▁the ▁E isted df od ▁Act ▁ 1 9 5 9 . ▁ ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁Parliament ary ▁Secretary ▁at ▁the ▁Ministry |
▁of ▁Labour ▁ 1 9 5 9 – 6 1 , ▁taking ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁measures ▁that ▁abol ished ▁the ▁requirements ▁for ▁employees ▁to ▁be ▁paid ▁in ▁c ash ▁and ▁the ▁maximum ▁w age ▁for ▁professional ▁footballer ▁( £ 1 4 ▁per ▁week ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 6 0 ). ▁ ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁become ▁Under - Secret ary ▁of ▁State ▁at ▁the ▁Foreign ▁Office ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁trav elling ▁to ▁Moscow ▁with ▁Lord ▁Home ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁to ▁sign ▁the ▁N uc lear ▁Test ▁Ban ▁Tre aty . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Minister ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Foreign ▁Affairs ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁and ▁was ▁sw orn ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁in ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁B irth day ▁Hon ours ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁but ▁left ▁office ▁when ▁his ▁party ▁lost ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁general ▁election . ▁In ▁opposition , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁sp okes man ▁on ▁foreign ▁affairs ▁and ▁then ▁law ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 5 – 6 6 . ▁ ▁Although ▁he ▁had ▁held ▁his ▁Con way ▁seat ▁( and ▁stead ily ▁increased ▁his ▁majority ) ▁since ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁he ▁narrow ly ▁lost ▁to ▁Labour ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁general ▁election , ▁but ▁returned ▁as ▁MP ▁for ▁Hend on ▁South ▁at ▁the ▁general ▁election ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁a ▁position ▁which ▁he ▁held ▁until ▁ret iring ▁in ▁ 1 |
9 8 7 . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁whole ▁of ▁Edward ▁He ath ' s ▁premi ership ▁he ▁held ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Wales . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁during ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁violent ▁activ ism ▁by ▁pro ponents ▁of ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁language , ▁including ▁bomb ings ▁and ▁a ▁campaign ▁by ▁the ▁C ym de ith as ▁y r ▁I a ith ▁G ym ra eg ▁( Wel sh ▁Language ▁Society ) ▁to ▁remove ▁English ▁road ▁signs . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁par alle ling ▁plans ▁to ▁re organ ise ▁local ▁government ▁in ▁England , ▁Thomas ▁announced ▁the ▁plans ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁existing ▁ 1 8 1 ▁local ▁coun c ils ▁with ▁ 7 ▁new ▁county ▁coun c ils ▁count ies ▁and ▁ 3 6 ▁district ▁coun c ils . ▁ ▁An ▁extra ▁county ▁council ▁was ▁added ▁later , ▁for ▁Card iff . ▁ ▁Thomas ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁Chair man ▁of ▁the ▁Conserv ative ▁Party ▁between ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁ ▁Thomas ▁remained ▁Wel sh ▁sp okes man ▁after ▁the ▁Conserv ative ▁Party ▁lost ▁the ▁general ▁election ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁but ▁left ▁the ▁front ▁ben ch ▁when ▁Margaret ▁Th atch er ▁became ▁party ▁leader ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁He ▁became ▁active ▁on ▁back ben ch ▁comm itte es , ▁and ▁was ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Conserv ative ▁Fri ends ▁of ▁Israel . ▁ ▁He ▁retired ▁from |
▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁general ▁election , ▁and ▁was ▁raised ▁to ▁the ▁peer age ▁for ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁D iss ol ution ▁Hon ours ▁that ▁year , ▁gaz ett ed ▁as ▁Baron ▁Thomas ▁of ▁G w yd ir , ▁of ▁L lan rw st ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁G w yn ed d . ▁ ▁Tit les , ▁styles ▁and ▁arms ▁ 1 9 2 0 1 9 5 1 : ▁Mr ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁ 1 9 5 1 1 9 6 4 : ▁Mr ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 6 4 1 9 6 5 : ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 6 5 1 9 6 6 : ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 6 6 1 9 7 0 : ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 7 : ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 8 7 : ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Peter ▁Thomas ▁▁ 1 9 8 7 2 0 0 8 : ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁The ▁Lord ▁Thomas ▁of ▁G w yd ir ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Ob itu ary , ▁The ▁Times , ▁ 7 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁Ob itu ary , ▁The ▁Daily ▁Te legraph , ▁ 7 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Ob itu ary , ▁The ▁Guardian , ▁ 6 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Ob itu ary , ▁The ▁Independent , ▁ 7 ▁February |
▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁death s ▁Category : Con serv ative ▁Party ▁( UK ) ▁MP s ▁for ▁Wel sh ▁constitu encies ▁Thomas ▁of ▁G w yd ir ▁Category : Secret aries ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Wales ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Queen ' s ▁Coun sel ▁Category : Con serv ative ▁Party ▁( UK ) ▁MP s ▁for ▁English ▁constitu encies ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 5 1 – 1 9 5 5 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 5 5 – 1 9 5 9 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 5 9 – 1 9 6 4 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 6 4 – 1 9 6 6 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 7 0 – 1 9 7 4 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 7 4 – 1 9 7 9 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 7 9 – 1 9 8 3 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 8 3 – 1 9 8 7 ▁Category : Ro yal ▁Air ▁Force ▁officers ▁Category : Ro yal ▁Air ▁Force ▁personnel ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁prisoners ▁of ▁war ▁held ▁by ▁Germany ▁Category |
: Al umn i ▁of ▁Jesus ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁Category : B rit ish ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁prisoners ▁of ▁war ▁Category : Ch air men ▁of ▁the ▁Conserv ative ▁Party ▁( UK ) <0x0A> </s> ▁D . ▁Ant ón io ▁de ▁Ara ú jo ▁e ▁A ze ved o , ▁ 1 st ▁Count ▁of ▁Bar ca ▁( 1 4 ▁May ▁ 1 7 5 4 ▁– ▁ 2 1 ▁July ▁ 1 8 1 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Portuguese ▁states man , ▁author ▁and ▁amateur ▁botan ist . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁After ▁co oper ating ▁in ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Sciences ▁in ▁Lis bon , ▁he ▁represented ▁his ▁government ▁in ▁Holland , ▁France , ▁Pr uss ia , ▁and ▁Russia . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁first ▁minister ▁of ▁John ▁VI ▁of ▁Portugal , ▁whom ▁he ▁followed ▁when ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Court ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁col ony ▁of ▁Brazil ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 7 . ▁There ▁he ▁was ▁minister ▁of ▁the ▁n avy ▁and ▁foreign ▁minister , ▁and ▁took ▁great ▁interest ▁in ▁prom oting ▁education ▁and ▁industry , ▁having ▁established ▁the ▁manufact ure ▁of ▁por cel ain ▁in ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro . ▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁He ▁conducted ▁scientific ▁studies ▁and ▁experiments ▁in ▁his ▁own ▁palace ▁and ▁private ▁botan ical ▁garden , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁tri als ▁for ▁the ▁acc limat ization ▁and ▁culture ▁of ▁the ▁tea - plant ▁in ▁Brazil . ▁Later ▁in ▁life , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁Brazil ' s ▁first ▁school ▁of ▁fine ▁arts . |
▁ ▁As ▁an ▁author , ▁his ▁works ▁include ▁two ▁tra ged ies ▁and ▁a ▁translation ▁of ▁Vir g il ' s ▁past or als . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 7 5 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 1 7 ▁death s ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁Portugal ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁Portugal ▁to ▁France ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁Portugal ▁to ▁Pr uss ia ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁Portugal ▁to ▁Russia ▁Category : Port ug uese ▁male ▁writers ▁Category : Port ug uese ▁botan ists ▁Category : G overn ment ▁minister s ▁of ▁Portugal ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁P onte ▁de ▁Lima ▁Category : 1 8 th - century ▁Portuguese ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Portuguese ▁writers ▁Category : Count s ▁of ▁Bar ca <0x0A> </s> ▁Jane ▁Hay ward ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁actress . ▁ ▁Hay ward ▁made ▁appearances ▁in ▁over ▁twenty ▁films ▁and ▁television ▁program mes . ▁She ▁had ▁roles ▁in ▁produ ctions ▁such ▁as ▁ 2 0 0 1 : ▁A ▁Space ▁Od ys sey ▁( film ), ▁BBC ▁police ▁proced ural ▁drama ▁The ▁Bill , ▁Never ▁the ▁Tw ain , ▁and ▁Executive ▁Str ess . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁Jane ▁Hay ward ▁focused ▁her ▁career ▁mostly ▁on ▁the ▁stage . ▁Her ▁roles ▁included ▁A ▁Mid sum mer ▁Night ' s ▁Dream ▁at ▁the ▁I ps wich ▁Theatre , ▁the ▁title ▁role ▁in |
▁C inder ella ▁at ▁the ▁North am pton ▁Theatre ▁Royal , ▁and ▁Jane ▁E y re , ▁the ▁stage ▁adaptation ▁of ▁D ial ▁M ▁for ▁Mur der , ▁and ▁The ▁Woman ▁in ▁White , ▁also ▁at ▁the ▁North am pton ▁Theatre ▁Royal . ▁▁ ▁Hay ward ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁acting ▁profession ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁after ▁taking ▁a ▁break ▁to ▁raise ▁her ▁family . ▁ ▁Death ▁ ▁She ▁died ▁after ▁being ▁hit ▁by ▁an ▁Ar riv a ▁Sh ires ▁& ▁Es sex ▁double - de cker ▁bus ▁in ▁Rick mans worth , ▁H ert ford shire ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁BBC ▁News ▁reported ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁that ▁Hay ward ▁attempted ▁to ▁" cross ▁the ▁road ▁without ▁looking . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁accident , ▁BBC ▁News ▁reported ▁that ▁Hay ward ▁died ▁at ▁the ▁scene . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Website ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁English ▁actress es ▁Category : Act ress es ▁from ▁London ▁Category : English ▁stage ▁actress es ▁Category : English ▁television ▁actress es ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing <0x0A> </s> ▁State ▁Route ▁ 7 7 4 ▁( SR ▁ 7 7 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁state ▁highway ▁in ▁Es mer al da ▁County , ▁Nev ada , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁Gold ▁Point ▁Road , ▁connecting ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Gold ▁Point ▁to ▁State ▁Route ▁ |
2 6 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁route ▁was ▁originally ▁part ▁of ▁former ▁State ▁Route ▁ 7 1 . ▁ ▁Route ▁description ▁ ▁The ▁highway ▁begins ▁at ▁Third ▁Street ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁Gold ▁Point . ▁ ▁From ▁there , ▁the ▁route ▁heads ▁n ortheast ▁to ▁its ▁termin us ▁approximately ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁L ida ▁on ▁State ▁Route ▁ 2 6 6 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Gold ▁Point ▁Road ▁first ▁shows ▁up ▁on ▁state ▁highway ▁maps ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁as ▁State ▁Route ▁ 7 1 , ▁an ▁un im pro ved ▁highway . ▁The ▁alignment ▁followed ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁present - day ▁SR ▁ 7 7 4 ▁and ▁extended ▁further ▁south west ▁of ▁Gold ▁Point ▁to ▁the ▁California ▁state ▁line . ▁ ▁With ▁no ▁major ▁road ▁or ▁town ▁connection ▁beyond ▁Gold ▁Point ▁into ▁California , ▁the ▁southern ▁end ▁of ▁SR ▁ 7 1 ▁was ▁trunc ated ▁to ▁Gold ▁Point ▁by ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁ ▁SR ▁ 7 1 ▁was ▁ren umber ed ▁to ▁State ▁Route ▁ 7 7 4 ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁a ▁change ▁which ▁first ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁state ▁highway ▁map ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁ ▁SR ▁ 7 7 4 ▁regularly ▁appears ▁on ▁state ▁highway ▁maps ▁beginning ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 – 9 2 ▁edition . ▁By ▁that ▁time , ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁state - m aint ained ▁highway ▁in ▁Nev ada ▁that ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁constructed ▁into ▁a ▁p aved |
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