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▁ ▁In ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁interview ▁on ▁the ▁artist ' s ▁work ▁at ▁Howard ▁Scott ▁Gallery ▁in ▁NY C ▁noted ▁art ▁critic ▁Ele an or ▁Heart ney ▁stated ," The ▁key ▁to ▁Cr ull ’ s ▁vision ▁is ▁his ▁simultane ous ▁em brace ▁of ▁the ▁un cert aint ies ▁of ▁the ▁contemporary ▁world ▁and ▁his ▁aff irm ation ▁of ▁the ▁reality ▁of ▁the ▁individual ▁conscious ness ▁within ▁it . ▁In ▁his ▁work , ▁the ▁authentic ▁self ▁remains ▁the ▁last ▁bul w ark ▁against ▁an ▁an arch ic ▁world ." ▁ ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁- ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Cr ull ▁made ▁several ▁vis its ▁to ▁Shang hai , ▁China , ▁cul min ating ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁his ▁subsequent ▁inter dis cipl inary ▁live ▁art ▁works . ▁At ▁the ▁opening ▁of ▁the ▁Bund ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁art ▁bank , ▁a ▁cultural ▁and ▁art ▁enc lave ▁developed ▁from ▁five ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁buildings ▁at ▁Shang hai ▁No . ▁ 8 ▁Cot ton ▁and ▁Text ile ▁Factory , ▁Cr ull ▁executed ▁a ▁public ▁art ▁project ▁to ▁a ▁live ▁performance ▁of ▁pian ist ▁Sh i ▁W en . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁abstract ▁artists ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁pain ters ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁pain ters <0x0A> </s> ▁Bul b oph yll um ▁p um ilio |
▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁orch id ▁in ▁the ▁genus ▁Bul b oph yll um . ▁ ▁References ▁The ▁Bul b oph yll um - Check list ▁The ▁Internet ▁Or ch id ▁Species ▁Ph oto ▁Encyclopedia ▁ ▁p um ilio <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁word ▁Hamb ur ge fonts ▁( trad itionally ▁Hamb ur gef ons ▁or ▁Hamb ur ge fon st iv ) ▁is ▁a ▁fill er ▁text ▁used ▁for ▁assess ing ▁the ▁design ▁and ▁the ▁appearance ▁of ▁a ▁type face . ▁It ▁contains ▁all ▁essential ▁forms ▁in ▁a ▁latin ▁alphabet , ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁character ▁of ▁the ▁respective ▁font ▁can ▁be ▁recognized ▁quickly . ▁It ▁consists ▁of ▁the ▁letters ▁that ▁are ▁often ▁first ▁designed ▁when ▁design ing ▁a ▁type face . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁word ▁has ▁no ▁meaning , ▁it ▁is ▁useful ▁for ▁typ ograph ers ▁and ▁design ers ▁during ▁the ▁design ▁of ▁a ▁font , ▁as ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁its ▁letters ▁include ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁curves ▁and ▁ab ut ments ▁normally ▁found ▁in ▁a ▁font . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁test ▁word ▁it ▁is ▁useful ▁for ▁determ ining ▁the ▁visual ▁read ability ▁of ▁a ▁font ▁chosen ▁for ▁a ▁layout . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁words ▁is ▁often ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁standard ▁word ▁in ▁the ▁visual ▁layout ▁of ▁fonts ▁submitted ▁to ▁compet itions ▁and ▁exhib itions . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁J ér ôme ▁Pe ign ot , ▁L ’ Al phabet ▁des ▁let tres , ▁ou ▁le ▁petit ▁h amb ur gef ons , ▁Paris , ▁Im pr imer ie ▁nationale , ▁ |
1 9 9 5 , ▁ 1 2 8 ▁p . ▁( ). ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Typ ography <0x0A> </s> ▁" I ' m ▁Still ▁G onna ▁Need ▁You " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁performed ▁by ▁The ▁O sm onds ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁on ▁their ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁album , ▁The ▁Pr oud ▁One . ▁ ▁Its ▁B - side , ▁" Thank ▁You ", ▁is ▁also ▁on ▁the ▁album . ▁ ▁It ▁reached ▁No . ▁ 3 8 ▁on ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Ad ult ▁Contempor ary ▁chart ▁and ▁No . ▁ 3 2 ▁in ▁ ▁the ▁U . K . ▁ ▁The ▁mid - tem po ▁ball ad ▁is ▁s ung ▁primarily ▁by ▁M err ill ▁O sm ond ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁O sm ond ▁brothers ▁filling ▁in ▁the ▁various ▁harm ony ▁parts ▁during ▁the ▁ch orus . ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁songs ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁singles ▁Category : The ▁O sm onds ▁songs ▁Category : M GM ▁Records ▁singles <0x0A> </s> ▁Alfred ▁Ag im ▁A jd are vić ▁( born ▁ 2 0 ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Swedish ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁as ▁a ▁mid f iel der ▁for ▁Swedish ▁club ▁Ö re bro ▁SK . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Alfred ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Sweden , ▁to ▁Kos ov ar - Al ban ian ▁parents ▁with ▁origin ▁from ▁Med ve đ a , ▁where |
▁they ▁moved ▁like ▁family ▁from ▁Pr ist ina , ▁Kos ovo ▁to ▁Sweden ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁The ▁family ▁real ▁name ▁was ▁H aj d ari ▁but ▁since ▁his ▁father ▁played ▁in ▁Y ug oslav ▁league ▁they ▁switched ▁it ▁to ▁" A jd are vić ". ▁His ▁father ▁Ag im ▁A jd are vić ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁FK ▁Spart ak ▁Sub ot ica ▁in ▁the ▁Y ug oslav ▁First ▁League ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁and ▁later ▁when ▁Ag im ▁moved ▁to ▁Sweden ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁he ▁signed ▁with ▁Fal ken berg s ▁FF . ▁His ▁elder ▁brother ▁A str it ▁was ▁also ▁part ▁of ▁Fal ken berg s ▁FF ▁such ▁as ▁their ▁father ▁and ▁also ▁started ▁youth ▁career ▁at ▁R in ia ▁IF . ▁His ▁other ▁elder ▁brother , ▁Ar ben ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁footballer . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁ ▁Early ▁career ▁A jd are vić ▁started ▁his ▁youth ▁career ▁at ▁R in ia ▁IF ▁from ▁where ▁he ▁moved ▁at ▁Fal ken berg s ▁FF . ▁Then ▁on ▁ 5 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁he ▁signed ▁with ▁Ö re bro ▁SK ▁joining ▁his ▁elder ▁brother ▁A str it ▁A jd are vić . ▁ ▁Ö re bro ▁He ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁of ▁Ö re bro ▁SK ▁for ▁the ▁match ▁against ▁his ▁former ▁team ▁Fal ken berg s ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁where |
▁he ▁was ▁an ▁un used ▁substitute ▁for ▁the ▁entire ▁match . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁professional ▁debut ▁on ▁ 6 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁against ▁El fs borg ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁in ▁the ▁ 7 6 th ▁minute ▁in ▁place ▁of ▁Ma ic ▁S ema . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 8 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁A jd are vić ▁was ▁loan ed ▁out ▁to ▁IF K ▁V är nam o ▁for ▁the ▁whole ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁season . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁A jd are vić ▁received ▁his ▁first ▁international ▁call - up ▁at ▁Alban ia ▁national ▁under - 2 1 ▁football ▁team ▁by ▁coach ▁Alban ▁Bush i ▁for ▁a ▁gather ing ▁in ▁D urr ë s , ▁Alban ia ▁from ▁ 1 8 – 2 5 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁Club ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Al ban ian ▁football ers ▁Category : Al ban ia ▁youth ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Al ban ia ▁under - 2 1 ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : S wed ish ▁football ers ▁Category : K os ovo ▁Alban ians ▁Category : S wed ish ▁people ▁of ▁Alban ian ▁descent ▁Category : S wed ish ▁people ▁of ▁Kos ovan ▁descent ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : All sv ensk an ▁players ▁Category : Div ision ▁ 1 ▁( S wed ish |
▁football ) ▁players ▁Category : Ö re bro ▁SK ▁players ▁Category : IF K ▁V är nam o ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Ap ame a ▁scop aria ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁No ctu idae . ▁It ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁common ▁and ▁w ides p read ▁North ▁American ▁Ap ame a , ▁being ▁distributed ▁from ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab r ador ▁to ▁Al aska ▁and ▁British ▁Columbia , ▁and ▁south ▁to ▁California ▁and ▁Arizona . ▁ ▁The ▁moth ▁is ▁d ull ▁brick - red . ▁The ▁g land ular ▁cor em ata ▁produce ▁a ▁sc ent ▁described ▁as ▁" some where ▁between ▁vin eg ar ▁and ▁car ro ts ". ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Im ages ▁University ▁of ▁Al berta ▁Bug ▁Guide ▁ ▁Category : Ap ame a ▁( m oth ) ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁North ▁America <0x0A> </s> ▁Los ers ▁are ▁a ▁British ▁band ▁consisting ▁of ▁DJ ▁Edd y ▁Temple - Mor ris , ▁multi - inst rument al ist ▁Tom ▁Bell amy ▁( former ly ▁of ▁The ▁Cooper ▁Temple ▁Cla use ), ▁guitar ist ▁Paul ▁M ull en ▁( former ly ▁of ▁Your cod ename is : m ilo ▁and ▁The ▁Autom atic ). ▁During ▁their ▁live ▁performances ▁they ▁get ▁supported ▁by ▁Dean ▁" D enz el " ▁Pear son ▁( d rum s ) ▁and ▁Sam mi ▁D oll ▁( also ▁keyboard ist ▁of ▁Berlin / LA ▁based ▁band ▁I AM |
X ) ▁and ▁Bul let ▁Height ). ▁Their ▁former ▁drum mer ▁was ▁Mark ▁Her on ▁( former ly ▁of ▁O ce ans ize ). ▁ ▁History ▁Los ers ▁formed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁as ▁the ▁rem ix ▁project ▁of ▁Temple - Mor ris ▁and ▁Bell amy . ▁They ▁released ▁their ▁first ▁album , ▁" Be aut iful ▁Los ers ", ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁first ▁single ▁" Fl ush ", ▁featuring ▁rapp ers ▁R iz ▁MC ▁and ▁En vy , ▁received ▁coverage ▁from ▁the ▁music ▁press ▁and ▁the ▁BBC . ▁ ▁Gu itar ist ▁Paul ▁M ull en ▁joined ▁the ▁band ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁mark ing ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁a ▁move ▁away ▁from ▁dance - orient ed ▁music ▁and ▁towards ▁more ▁guitar - f oc used ▁rock ▁music . ▁By ▁summer ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁drum mer ▁Mark ▁Her on ▁had ▁also ▁joined ▁the ▁band , ▁and ▁they ▁began ▁working ▁on ▁their ▁second ▁album ▁"... And ▁So ▁We ▁Sh all ▁Never ▁Part ". ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 4 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁The ▁single ▁" Turn ▁Ar ound " ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁the ▁backing ▁music ▁for ▁the ▁tra iler ▁for ▁the ▁fourth ▁season ▁of ▁US ▁television ▁series ▁Game ▁of ▁Th ron es , ▁while ▁their ▁single ▁" Az an " ▁was ▁used ▁on ▁the ▁tra iler ▁for ▁the ▁film ▁Her cules ▁and ▁the ▁video ▁game ▁Far ▁Cry ▁ 3 . ▁L ately ▁they ▁have ▁been |
▁tour ing ▁Europe ▁as ▁guests ▁of ▁Sister s ▁Of ▁Mer cy . ▁ ▁Their ▁song ▁" Us ▁vs ▁Night " ▁was ▁played ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁of ▁The ▁Sh ann ara ▁Chron icles . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁▁ ▁Beautiful ▁Los ers ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁... And ▁So ▁We ▁Sh all ▁Never ▁Part ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁... And ▁So ▁We ▁Sh all ▁Never ▁Part ▁Two ▁( rem ix es ) ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁How ▁To ▁Ru in ▁Other ▁People ' s ▁Fut ures ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : B rit ish ▁alternative ▁rock ▁groups <0x0A> </s> ▁Mill ion ▁D ollar ▁Trad ers ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁British ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁de vised ▁by ▁h edge ▁fund ▁manager ▁Lex ▁van ▁Dam , ▁which ▁attempted ▁to ▁re create ▁the ▁famous ▁T urt le ▁Trad ers ▁experiment ▁de vised ▁by ▁Richard ▁Dennis ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s . ▁ ▁Background ▁Mill ion ▁D ollar ▁Trad ers ▁follows ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁twelve ▁w ann abe ▁trad ers ▁dealing ▁in ▁shares ▁during ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁the ▁financial ▁crisis ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 0 9 ▁which ▁was ▁then ▁wh itt led ▁down ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁eight . ▁The ▁contest ants ▁come ▁from ▁various ▁background s , ▁including ▁a ▁fight ▁prom oter , ▁a ▁day ▁tr ader , ▁an ▁IT / bank ing ▁rec ruit ment ▁consult ant , |
▁a ▁working ▁mother , ▁a ▁retired ▁IT ▁engineer ▁and ▁a ▁student , ▁among ▁others . ▁During ▁the ▁series ▁van ▁Dam ▁gave ▁the ▁London - based ▁contest ants ▁the ▁ster ling ▁equivalent ▁of ▁$ 1 ▁million ▁of ▁his ▁own ▁money ▁to ▁trade ▁for ▁ 2 ▁months . ▁Form er ▁professional ▁tr ader ▁Anton ▁Kre il , ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁the ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁group . ▁ ▁As ▁with ▁the ▁original ▁experiment , ▁those ▁who ▁last ed ▁the ▁course ▁broad ly ▁confirmed ▁the ▁claim ▁that ▁nov ices ▁could ▁become ▁professional - level ▁trad ers , ▁making ▁small ▁prof its ▁or ▁at ▁least ▁lower ▁losses ▁trad ing ▁in ▁very ▁tur bul ent ▁mark ets ▁during ▁the ▁film ing ▁than ▁profession als , ▁who ▁lost ▁four ▁times ▁greater ▁amounts ▁over ▁the ▁same ▁period . ▁The ▁three - part ▁BBC ▁series , ▁narr ated ▁by ▁Andrew ▁Lincoln , ▁was ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁" City ▁Season " ▁programming ▁on ▁the ▁BBC . ▁It ▁a ired ▁on ▁BBC ▁ 2 ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁at ▁ 9 pm ▁on ▁Monday ▁even ings ▁between ▁ 1 2 ▁and ▁ 2 7 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁E pisode ▁list ▁ ▁Cont est ants ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : B BC ▁Television ▁program mes ▁Category : B rit ish ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : Tr ading ▁television ▁programs <0x0A> </s> ▁Sil vi u ▁Ol |
te anu ▁( born ▁January ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 7 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Roman ian ▁professional ▁box er ▁living ▁and ▁fighting ▁out ▁of ▁Madrid , ▁Spain . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁E BU ▁( Europe an ) ▁Fly weight ▁champion ▁until ▁he ▁vac ated ▁the ▁title ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁Ol te anu ▁fought ▁for ▁the ▁W BA ▁World ▁Fly weight ▁title ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁in ▁Japan , ▁losing ▁in ▁a ▁split ▁decision ▁( 1 1 3 - 1 1 5 , ▁ 1 1 2 - 1 1 6 , ▁ 1 1 8 - 1 1 0 ) ▁against ▁the ▁champion ▁Da iki ▁K amed a . ▁ ▁Professional ▁box ing ▁record ▁ ▁| - ▁| align =" center " ▁col span = 8 | 1 6 ▁W ins ▁( 7 ▁knock outs , ▁ 9 ▁dec isions ), ▁ 1 2 ▁L oss es , ▁ 1 ▁Draw ▁ ▁| - ▁| align = center ▁style =" border - style : ▁none ▁none ▁solid ▁solid ; ▁background : ▁# e 3 e 3 e 3 " | Res . ▁| align = center ▁style =" border - style : ▁none ▁none ▁solid ▁solid ; ▁background : ▁# e 3 e 3 e 3 " | Record ▁| align = center ▁style =" border - style : ▁none ▁none ▁solid ▁solid ; ▁background : ▁# e 3 e 3 e 3 " | O pp on |
ent ▁| align = center ▁style =" border - style : ▁none ▁none ▁solid ▁solid ; ▁background : ▁# e 3 e 3 e 3 " | Type ▁| align = center ▁style =" border - style : ▁none ▁none ▁solid ▁solid ; ▁background : ▁# e 3 e 3 e 3 " | R d ., ▁Time ▁| align = center ▁style =" border - style : ▁none ▁none ▁solid ▁solid ; ▁background : ▁# e 3 e 3 e 3 " | Date ▁| align = center ▁style =" border - style : ▁none ▁none ▁solid ▁solid ; ▁background : ▁# e 3 e 3 e 3 " | Location ▁| align = center ▁style =" border - style : ▁none ▁none ▁solid ▁solid ; ▁background : ▁# e 3 e 3 e 3 " | Not es ▁| - ▁align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 1 6 - 1 2 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁P addy ▁Bar nes ▁| ▁MD ▁|| ▁ 1 0 ▁| 2 0 1 7 - 0 6 - 1 7 ▁| align = left | ▁Water front ▁Hall , ▁B elf ast ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 1 6 - 1 1 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Moh ammed ▁O bb adi ▁| ▁MD ▁|| ▁ 1 2 ▁| 2 0 1 6 - 1 1 - 1 9 ▁| align = left | ▁Pal as port , ▁Man z |
ano ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 1 6 - 1 0 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Ar tem ▁Dal ak ian ▁| ▁T K O ▁|| ▁ 8 ▁ ▁| 2 0 1 6 - 0 5 - 1 4 ▁| align = left | ▁Park ovy ▁Convention ▁Centre , ▁K iev ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 1 6 - 9 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Ric ardo ▁Tan ase ▁| ▁K O ▁|| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| 2 0 1 6 - 0 4 - 2 3 ▁| align = left | ▁G im nas io ▁del ▁Ray o ▁Valle cano , ▁Madrid ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 1 5 - 9 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Paul ▁Butler ▁| ▁T K O ▁|| ▁ 6 ▁ ▁| 2 0 1 5 - 1 2 - 1 9 ▁| align = left | ▁Manchester ▁Arena ▁( former ly ▁M . E . N ▁Arena ), ▁Manchester ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 1 5 - 8 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Thomas ▁Mass on ▁| ▁U D ▁|| ▁ 1 2 ▁| 2 0 1 5 - 0 9 - 1 2 ▁| align = left | ▁Pas - de - Cal ais ▁| align = left | ▁| - |
align = center ▁| Win ▁| 1 5 - 7 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Giuseppe ▁Lag ana ▁| ▁U D ▁|| ▁ 6 ▁| 2 0 1 5 - 0 3 - 0 7 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Community ▁of ▁Madrid ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 1 4 - 7 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Arm ando ▁Santos ▁| ▁MD ▁|| ▁ 1 2 ▁| 2 0 1 4 - 0 2 - 0 1 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Mexico ▁City ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 1 4 - 6 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Andrea ▁Sar rit zu ▁ ▁| ▁SD ▁|| ▁ 1 2 ▁ ▁| 2 0 1 2 - 1 0 - 2 0 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Santa ▁Ter esa ▁Gall ura ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 1 3 - 6 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Giuseppe ▁Lag ana ▁ ▁| ▁T K O ▁|| ▁ 5 ▁ ▁| 2 0 1 2 - 0 5 - 2 5 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Monte f ias con e ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 1 2 - 6 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Val ery ▁Y anch y ▁| ▁SD ▁|| ▁ 1 2 ▁ ▁| 2 0 1 2 - |
0 3 - 0 9 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁A ▁Cor u ña ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| style =" background :# abc def ;" | Draw ▁| 1 1 - 6 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Val ery ▁Y anch y ▁| ▁MD ▁|| ▁ 1 2 ▁ ▁| 2 0 1 1 - 1 0 - 0 7 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁A ▁Cor u ña ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 1 1 - 6 ▁| align = left | ▁X avi ▁Ur pi ▁ ▁| ▁P TS ▁|| ▁ 8 ▁ ▁| 2 0 1 1 - 0 5 - 2 7 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Cast ell bis bal ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 1 1 - 5 ▁| align = left | ▁Wil bert ▁U ic ab ▁ ▁| ▁MD ▁|| ▁ 1 2 ▁ ▁| 2 0 1 1 - 0 4 - 0 2 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Play a ▁del ▁Car men ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 1 1 - 4 ▁| align = left | ▁Da iki ▁K amed a ▁| ▁SD ▁|| ▁ 1 2 ▁ ▁| 2 0 1 0 - 1 2 - 2 6 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁S ait ama ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = |
center ▁| Win ▁| 1 1 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁Bernard ▁In om ▁| ▁U D ▁|| ▁ 1 2 ▁ ▁| 2 0 1 0 - 0 5 - 1 5 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Leg an és ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 1 0 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁A lain ▁Bonn el ▁ ▁| ▁U D ▁|| ▁ 1 2 ▁ ▁| 2 0 0 9 - 1 2 - 1 9 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Madrid ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 9 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁J ank o ▁Jane v ▁ ▁| ▁T K O ▁|| ▁ 2 ▁ ▁| 2 0 0 9 - 0 4 - 0 4 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Leg an és ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 8 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁Jul io ▁V arg as ▁ ▁| ▁U D ▁|| ▁ 6 ▁| 2 0 0 8 - 1 2 - 1 2 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Cast ell bis bal ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 7 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁Dim itar ▁A lip iev ▁ ▁| ▁T K O ▁|| ▁ 3 ▁ ▁| 2 0 0 8 - 0 5 - 1 7 ▁|| ▁align = left | |
▁F uen lab r ada ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 6 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁Christian ▁Fer chi ▁ ▁| ▁T K O ▁|| ▁ 1 ▁ ▁| 2 0 0 8 - 0 4 - 0 4 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁San ▁Sebast i án ▁de ▁los ▁Re yes ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 5 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁Jord i ▁Gall art ▁ ▁| ▁P TS ▁|| ▁ 6 ▁| 2 0 0 7 - 1 1 - 2 4 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Madrid ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 4 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁Joan ▁Jose p ▁Gall art ▁ ▁| ▁T K O ▁|| ▁ 2 ▁ ▁| 2 0 0 7 - 0 5 - 1 9 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Madrid ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 3 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁Bog dan ▁Cond ur ache ▁ ▁| ▁R TD ▁|| ▁ 5 ▁ ▁| 2 0 0 6 - 0 9 - 0 9 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁La ▁M uela ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 2 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁Jord i ▁Gall art ▁ ▁| ▁P TS ▁|| ▁ 4 ▁| 2 0 0 6 |
- 0 8 - 2 0 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁El ▁Pr at ▁de ▁L lo bre gat ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| Win ▁| 1 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁Carlos ▁Ru iz ▁ ▁| ▁U D ▁|| ▁ 4 ▁ ▁| 2 0 0 6 - 0 3 - 1 1 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁M ó st oles ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 0 - 3 ▁| align = left | ▁Val eri ▁Yan chi ▁ ▁| ▁P TS ▁|| ▁ 4 ▁ ▁| 2 0 0 5 - 0 3 - 1 2 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Nar ón ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 0 - 2 ▁| align = left | ▁Giovanni ▁Jar amil lo ▁ ▁| ▁P TS ▁|| ▁ 4 ▁ ▁| 2 0 0 5 - 0 2 - 0 4 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁Al cal á ▁de ▁Hen ares ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁| L oss ▁| 0 - 1 ▁| align = left | ▁Val eri ▁Yan chi ▁ ▁| ▁P TS ▁|| ▁ 6 ▁ ▁| 2 0 0 5 - 0 1 - 0 7 ▁|| ▁align = left | ▁L ugo ▁| align = left | ▁| - align = center ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : F ly weight ▁box |
ers ▁Category : R oman ian ▁professional ▁box ers ▁Category : R oman ian ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁Spain ▁Category : R oman ian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Spain ▁Category : 1 9 7 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : R oman ian ▁male ▁box ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Harry ▁" R andy " ▁R ame y ▁Jr . ▁( born ▁ ▁March ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 6 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁Republican ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Illinois ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁representing ▁the ▁ 5 5 th ▁district ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁R ame y ▁ran ▁for ▁the ▁ 5 5 th ▁district ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁but ▁was ▁defeated ▁in ▁the ▁Republican ▁primary ▁by ▁John ▁J . ▁Mill ner . ▁R ame y ▁was ▁appointed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁was ▁elected ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁with ▁ 3 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁R ame y ▁is ▁the ▁steps on ▁of ▁Republican ▁James ▁" P ate " ▁Philip . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Illinois ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives , ▁R ame y ▁served ▁on ▁five ▁comm itte es : ▁Transport ation ▁and ▁Motor ▁Ve h icles , ▁Cons umer ▁Prote ction , ▁App ropri ation - Public ▁Saf ety , ▁Computer ▁Technology , ▁and ▁State ▁Government ▁Administration . ▁ ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁R ame y ▁ran ▁in ▁the ▁Republican |
▁primary ▁for ▁the ▁Illinois ▁State ▁Senate ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 3 rd ▁District . ▁He ▁was ▁defeated ▁by ▁Car ole ▁P ank au . ▁During ▁the ▁campaign , ▁dash cam ▁video ▁sur fac ed ▁of ▁R ame y ▁being ▁arrested ▁by ▁Carol ▁Stream ▁police ▁for ▁a ▁D UI ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁in ▁which ▁R ame y ▁could ▁be ▁heard ▁saying ▁" do ▁you ▁know ▁who ▁I ▁am ?" ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁R ame y ▁announced ▁his ▁candid acy ▁for ▁Wayne ▁Township ▁Super visor . ▁After ▁prev ail ing ▁in ▁the ▁Republican ▁primary ▁election , ▁he ▁was ▁uno pp osed ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁election ▁and ▁succeeded ▁ret iring ▁Super visor ▁Tom ▁Ar ends ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Illinois ▁General ▁Assembly ▁- ▁Represent ative ▁Harry ▁R . ▁R ame y ▁Jr . ▁( R ) ▁ 5 5 th ▁District ▁official ▁IL ▁House ▁website ▁B ills ▁Comm itte es ▁V ote ▁Sm art ▁- ▁Represent ative ▁Harry ▁R . ▁' R andy ' ▁R ame y ▁Jr . ▁( IL ) ▁profile ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ill inois ▁Republic ans ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Illinois ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁El m h urst , ▁Illinois ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁polit icians <0x0A> </s> ▁E ile en ▁Ke eg an |
▁( d ied ▁ 2 2 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁South ▁Africa ) ▁was ▁a ▁South ▁African ▁bal let ▁dan cer ▁and ▁teacher . ▁She ▁initially ▁trained ▁in ▁South ▁Africa ▁under ▁Mad ge ▁Mann ▁and ▁Nancy ▁Ho oper , ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁London ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁to ▁continue ▁her ▁training . ▁She ▁tou red ▁Europe ▁with ▁Mol ly ▁Lake ' s ▁company ▁and ▁went ▁on ▁a ▁global ▁tour ▁with ▁D and re ' s ▁Bal let ▁Company . ▁She ▁qualified ▁as ▁a ▁Cec ch etti ▁exam iner ▁after ▁being ▁exam ined ▁by ▁Cy ril ▁Be aum ont . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁she ▁returned ▁to ▁South ▁Africa ▁to ▁teach . ▁She ▁ran ▁her ▁own ▁studio , ▁with ▁Dor othe a ▁Mc N air , ▁opposite ▁the ▁old ▁Theatre ▁Royal ▁in ▁Dur ban ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁K lo of . ▁She ▁taught ▁in ▁her ▁private ▁studio ▁for ▁over ▁ 5 0 ▁years . ▁She ▁gave ▁rec it als ▁in ▁the ▁Dur ban ▁City ▁Hall ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁presented ▁the ▁first ▁locally ▁produced ▁season ▁of ▁bal let ▁in ▁the ▁city . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁she ▁formed ▁Dur ban ' s ▁highly ▁successful ▁Bal let ▁Club , ▁which ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁the ▁club ▁begun ▁by ▁D ul cie ▁How es ▁in ▁Cape ▁Town . ▁Her ▁notable ▁pup ils ▁include : ▁Nad ia ▁N er ina , ▁Michael ▁Mau le , ▁Joy ▁She ar er , ▁Col le en |
▁Scott , ▁and ▁Jud y ▁G ale - B rown . ▁She ▁died ▁at ▁her ▁home ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : S outh ▁African ▁ball er inas ▁Category : Bal let ▁teachers ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁Luis ▁Roberto ▁Ru íz ▁Dí az ▁( born ▁October ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Costa ▁R ican ▁stri ker ▁who ▁ ▁plays ▁for ▁Br is b ane ▁Athlet ic ▁FC ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁Ru iz ▁started ▁his ▁career ▁at ▁Bar rio ▁México ▁before ▁leaving ▁to ▁play ▁abroad ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁joining ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Fire ▁reserve ▁team . ▁He ▁later ▁played ▁in ▁Switzerland ▁for ▁K ri ens ▁and ▁Lu z ern ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁Australia , ▁to ▁Gold ▁Coast ▁United ▁satellite ▁club ▁Red lands ▁United . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Ru iz ▁joined ▁Salvador an ▁side ▁Á gu ila . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁https :// web . archive . org / web / 2 0 1 1 0 6 2 0 2 3 0 6 4 1 / http :// sens acion de port iva . com / t ico - l uis - ru iz - f irm o - con - el - agu ila / ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ports people |
▁from ▁San ▁José , ▁Costa ▁Rica ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards ▁Category : C osta ▁R ican ▁football ers ▁Category : C . D . ▁Á gu ila ▁football ers ▁Category : C osta ▁R ican ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁El ▁Salvador ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁s occer ▁players ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : C osta ▁R ican ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : C osta ▁R ican ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Switzerland <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Cart esian ▁sky - sc ra per , ▁designed ▁by ▁Le ▁Cor bus ier ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁is ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁tower ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁modern ▁and ▁rational ▁design . ▁▁ ▁This ▁type ▁of ▁modern ▁administration ▁building ▁has ▁its ▁origin ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁sketch es ▁for ▁the ▁Pav illon ▁de ▁l ' Es prit ▁N ouve au ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁which ▁proposed ▁a ▁cru c iform ▁shape ▁for ▁sk ys c rap ers , ▁radi ating ▁light ▁and ▁stability . ▁In ▁principle , ▁the ▁cru c iform ▁plan ▁( with ▁two ▁axes ) ▁does ▁not ▁adapt ▁itself ▁to ▁the ▁path ▁of ▁the ▁sun , ▁which ▁has ▁only ▁one ▁axis . ▁ ▁Stud ying ▁further , ▁it ▁was ▁seen ▁that ▁with ▁this ▁symmet rical ▁form ▁about ▁two ▁axes , ▁the ▁cru c iform ▁sk ys cra per ▁does ▁not ▁receive ▁sun light ▁on ▁its ▁north - f acing ▁sides . ▁ ▁References |
▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁L ' Es prit ▁N ove au _ B ibli oteca ▁di ▁Area ▁delle ▁Ar ti ▁se zione ▁Arch it ett ura ▁" En rico ▁Matt iel lo " ▁ ▁Category : U r ban ▁studies ▁and ▁planning ▁termin ology ▁Category : Le ▁Cor bus ier ▁buildings <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Mon aster y ▁is ▁a ▁historic ▁stone ▁house ▁in ▁Philadelphia , ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁W iss ah ick on ▁Creek ▁at ▁K itch ens ▁Lane . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 7 4 7 ▁and ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁The ▁house ' s ▁connection ▁to ▁mon astic ▁life ▁is ▁uncertain ▁or ▁simply ▁legend ary , ▁but ▁German ▁myst ic ▁and ▁herm it ▁Johannes ▁Kel pi us ▁lived ▁nearby ▁in ▁the ▁W iss ah ick on ▁Valley ▁from ▁ 1 6 9 4 ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 7 0 8 , ▁and ▁connections ▁with ▁mon ks ▁from ▁E phr ata ▁have ▁been ▁reported . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁History ▁of ▁Philadelphia ▁( 1 8 8 4 ): ▁... there ▁is ▁a ▁rec ital ▁in ▁the ▁de ed ▁that ▁Joseph ▁[ G org as ] ▁had ▁since ▁( 1 7 4 7 ) ▁ere cted ▁at ▁his ▁own ▁cost ▁and ▁charges ▁" a ▁three - story ▁stone ▁house ▁or ▁mess u age ▁on ▁a ▁certain ▁piece ▁or ▁spot ▁of ▁land ." ▁Joseph ▁G org as ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁society ▁of ▁Se vent h ▁Day |
▁Bapt ists . ▁It ▁is ▁conject ured ▁that ▁he ▁ere cted ▁this ▁house ▁for ▁purposes ▁of ▁se clusion ▁and ▁med itation . ▁It ▁is ▁said , ▁" H ither ▁were ▁gathered ▁con gen ial ▁spirits ▁like ▁himself , ▁and ▁there ▁they ▁held ▁sweet ▁commun ion ." ▁A ▁small ▁strip ▁of ▁land ▁below ▁the ▁county ▁bridge ▁is ▁pointed ▁out ▁as ▁the ▁place ▁where ▁the ▁mon ks ▁were ▁acc ustom ed ▁to ▁admin ister ▁the ▁r ite ▁of ▁bapt ism ▁in ▁the ▁W iss ah ick on , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁early ▁town ship ▁map ▁the ▁spot ▁is ▁designated ▁as ▁the ▁Bapt ister ion . ▁Joseph ▁G org as ▁sold ▁the ▁lot ▁with ▁the ▁house , ▁now ▁called ▁the ▁" Mon aster y ," ▁to ▁Edward ▁Mil ner ▁in ▁ 1 7 6 1 , ▁and ▁it ▁has ▁since ▁gone ▁through ▁various ▁hands . ▁The ▁house ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁unknown ▁author ▁of ▁the ▁" Chr on icon " ▁lived ▁for ▁sevent een ▁months ▁could ▁not ▁have ▁been ▁the ▁stone ▁m ansion ▁to ▁which ▁tradition ▁aff ix es ▁the ▁title . ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁proof ▁that ▁G org as ▁allowed ▁his ▁house ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁for ▁mon astic ▁purposes , ▁but ▁novel ists ▁have ▁made ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁leg ends ▁and ▁tales ▁of ▁herm its ▁and ▁mon ks ▁that ▁cluster ▁thick ly ▁about ▁the ▁vic inity . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁" The ▁Mon aster y ▁on ▁the ▁W iss ah ick on , ▁ 1 8 7 4 " ▁at ▁the ▁Historical ▁Society ▁of |
▁Pennsylvania ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁photograph ▁at ▁the ▁Free ▁Library ▁of ▁Philadelphia ▁ ▁Category : H ouses ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Philadelphia ▁Category : H ouses ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 7 4 7 ▁Category : Ph il adel phia ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁Category : W iss ah ick on ▁Valley ▁Park <0x0A> </s> ▁V ih ović i ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁Kal in ov ik , ▁Repub lika ▁Sr ps ka , ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz egov ina . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Repub lika ▁Sr ps ka ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Kal in ov ik <0x0A> </s> ▁E em ster ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁in ▁the ▁Dutch ▁province ▁of ▁Dr ent he . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁West er vel d , ▁and ▁lies ▁about ▁ 1 6 km ▁north ▁of ▁Ho oge ve en . ▁ ▁The ▁statistical ▁area ▁" E em ster ", ▁which ▁can ▁also ▁include ▁the ▁surrounding ▁coun tr ys ide , ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁around ▁ 3 4 0 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Dr ent he ▁Category : W ester vel d <0x0A> </s> ▁B akers ▁Square ▁R estaur ant ▁& ▁Bak ery ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁B akers ▁Square ) ▁is ▁a ▁cas ual ▁d ining ▁restaurant ▁chain ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Kn own ▁for ▁its ▁p ies , ▁B akers ▁Square ▁also ▁offers ▁full ▁breakfast , |
▁l unch ▁and ▁dinner ▁men us . ▁The ▁chain ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁American ▁Blue ▁Rib bon ▁Hold ings . ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁it ▁had ▁ 3 9 ▁locations ▁and ▁as ▁of ▁January ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁the ▁chain ▁oper ates ▁ 2 2 ▁locations ▁in ▁Iowa , ▁Illinois , ▁Indiana , ▁Minnesota , ▁Ohio , ▁and ▁Wisconsin . ▁ ▁History ▁B akers ▁Square ▁began ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁with ▁a ▁single ▁restaurant ▁called ▁Mrs . ▁C ' s ▁in ▁Des ▁Mo ines , ▁Iowa , ▁that ▁became ▁popular ▁for ▁its ▁p ies . ▁P ills bury ▁purchased ▁Mrs . ▁C ' s ▁around ▁that ▁time , ▁renamed ▁it ▁Po pp in ' ▁F resh ▁P ies , ▁and ▁opened ▁additional ▁locations . ▁V IC OR P , ▁own ers ▁of ▁the ▁Village ▁Inn ▁restaurant ▁chain , ▁purchased ▁Po pp in ' ▁F resh ▁P ies ▁from ▁P ills bury ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁renamed ▁the ▁chain ▁B akers ▁Square . ▁ ▁Oper ations ▁B akers ▁Square ▁restaur ants ▁are ▁primarily ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Upper ▁Mid west . ▁Ex cept ▁for ▁the ▁Des ▁Mo ines ▁area , ▁B akers ▁Square ▁and ▁Village ▁Inn ▁operate ▁in ▁separate ▁mark ets . ▁The ▁original ▁Mrs . ▁C ' s ▁restaurant , ▁on ▁Mer le ▁Hay ▁Road ▁in ▁Des ▁Mo ines , ▁remained ▁in ▁business ▁as ▁a ▁B akers ▁Square ▁until ▁it ▁closed ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁as |
▁parent ▁company ▁V IC OR P ▁file d ▁Chapter ▁ 1 1 ▁bank rupt cy . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁American ▁Blue ▁Rib bon ▁Hold ings , ▁a ▁company ▁owned ▁by ▁F idel ity ▁National ▁Fin an cial ▁and ▁New port ▁Global ▁Ad vis ors , ▁acquired ▁the ▁assets ▁of ▁V IC OR P , ▁including ▁Village ▁Inn ▁and ▁B akers ▁Square . ▁ ▁In ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁V IC OR P ▁acquired ▁from ▁Eric ▁A . ▁Hol m ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁the ▁small ▁Florida ▁chain ▁Angel ' s ▁D iner . ▁Hol m ▁had ▁also ▁sold ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁Golden ▁Cor ral , ▁and ▁V IC OR P ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁pay ▁Golden ▁Cor ral ▁$ 1 ▁million ▁to ▁secure ▁the ▁exclusive ▁rights . ▁The ▁intent ▁was ▁to ▁convert ▁under - perform ing ▁Village ▁Inn ▁and ▁B akers ▁Square ▁units ▁to ▁this ▁new ▁concept . ▁After ▁building ▁seven ▁units , ▁V IC OR P ▁realized ▁that ▁the ▁concept ▁was ▁not ▁econom ically ▁vi able ▁and ▁wrote ▁off ▁$ 1 1 M ▁on ▁the ▁vent ure . ▁During ▁this ▁time , ▁Eric ▁Hol m ▁file d ▁for ▁personal ▁bank rupt cy . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁V IC OR P ▁file d ▁for ▁bank rupt cy ▁under ▁Chapter ▁ 1 1 ▁of ▁the ▁federal ▁bank rupt cy ▁code . ▁V IC OR P ▁closed ▁ 5 6 ▁company - owned ▁restaur ants ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁move |
, ▁leaving ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 3 4 3 ▁Village ▁Inn ▁and ▁B akers ▁Square ▁locations . ▁Village ▁Inn ▁restaur ants ▁are ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁Mid west ▁states ▁such ▁as ▁Illinois , ▁Iowa , ▁Wisconsin , ▁Minnesota , ▁Indiana , ▁and ▁Neb r aska , ▁the ▁Western ▁United ▁States , ▁Texas , ▁Virginia , ▁and ▁Florida . ▁ ▁B akers ▁Square ▁once ▁had ▁a ▁large ▁presence ▁in ▁California ▁with ▁over ▁ 9 0 ▁locations ▁and ▁competed ▁directly ▁with ▁Marie ▁Call ender ' s , ▁C oco ' s ▁Bak ery , ▁and ▁Car rows ▁restaur ants . ▁B akers ▁Square ▁entered ▁the ▁California ▁market ▁when ▁its ▁parent ▁company ▁acquired ▁the ▁Sam bo ' s ▁chain ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁Many ▁Sam bo ' s ▁locations ▁were ▁converted ▁to ▁B akers ▁Square ▁restaur ants ▁and ▁the ▁ones ▁that ▁wer en ' t ▁were ▁sold ▁to ▁other ▁ch ains , ▁including ▁Den ny ' s . ▁▁ ▁V IC OR P ' s ▁B akers ▁Square ▁concept ▁fl our ished ▁in ▁California ▁through ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 0 s . ▁The ▁decl ining ▁economy ▁took ▁its ▁to ll ▁on ▁the ▁restaurant ▁industry : ▁by ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁profit ▁marg ins ▁began ▁to ▁decl ine . ▁B akers ▁Square ▁restaur ants ▁began ▁closing ▁rural ▁and ▁sub urban ▁California ▁locations ▁as ▁le ases ▁exp ired . ▁Those ▁that ▁remained ▁open ▁were ▁not ▁rem od eling , ▁as ▁were ▁other ▁ch ains , ▁and ▁the ▁business ▁continued ▁to ▁decl ine |
. ▁ ▁By ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁more ▁than ▁ 8 0 ▁California ▁locations ▁had ▁closed . ▁Most ▁locations ▁were ▁sh utter ed ▁and ▁are ▁vac ant ▁today ▁while ▁a ▁few ▁locations ▁around ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁area ▁converted ▁to ▁Du - par ' s ▁R estaur ant ▁& ▁Bak ery ▁or ▁Pol ly ' s ▁P ies . ▁The ▁last ▁location ▁in ▁operation ▁in ▁Southern ▁California ▁was ▁in ▁San ▁Diego . ▁This ▁B akers ▁Square ▁was ▁located ▁on ▁hotel ▁property ▁and ▁was ▁required ▁to ▁continue ▁operations ▁until ▁a ▁new ▁les see ▁was ▁secured . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁an ▁agreement ▁between ▁V IC OR P ▁and ▁the ▁hotel ▁chain ▁( former ly ▁Hol iday ▁Inn ). ▁The ▁location ▁is ▁now ▁Du - par ' s ▁and ▁the ▁pub ▁became ▁Du - par ' s ▁Pub . ▁▁ ▁In ▁addition , ▁V IC OR P ▁closed ▁its ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁County ▁pie ▁production ▁facility ▁in ▁Santa ▁Fe ▁Spr ings . ▁Two ▁such ▁facilities ▁are ▁still ▁operating ▁in ▁Oak ▁Forest , ▁IL , ▁and ▁Ch aska , ▁M N . ▁These ▁facilities , ▁formerly ▁V IC OM , ▁now ▁" Leg end ary ▁B aking ," ▁produce ▁ 1 8 ▁million ▁p ies ▁per ▁year ▁for ▁B akers ▁Square , ▁Village ▁Inn , ▁and ▁J . ▁Hor ner ' s , ▁a ▁food ▁service ▁and ▁ret ail ▁line . ▁▁▁▁ ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁four ▁B akers ▁Square ▁locations ▁in ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Bay ▁Area ▁were ▁acquired ▁by |
▁Sh ari ' s ▁R estaur ants . ▁These ▁continued ▁operating ▁under ▁the ▁B akers ▁Square ▁name ▁for ▁eight ▁months . ▁ ▁V IC OR P ▁also ▁ceased ▁operations ▁in ▁Michigan , ▁where ▁it ▁once ▁had ▁a ▁concentration ▁of ▁B akers ▁Square ▁restaur ants . ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁B akers ▁Square ▁perman ently ▁closed ▁ 9 ▁locations . ▁Loc ations ▁closed ▁in ▁Illinois ▁include ▁Als ip , ▁L ans ing , ▁Liber ty ville , ▁Or land ▁Park ▁( La ▁G range ▁R d ), ▁and ▁Spring field . ▁The ▁M err il ville , ▁IN ▁and ▁North ▁Ol m sted , ▁O H ▁locations ▁also ▁closed , ▁along ▁with ▁two ▁locations ▁in ▁Minnesota , ▁those ▁in ▁Brook lyn ▁Park ▁and ▁E den ▁Pra irie . ▁▁▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁American ▁Blue ▁Rib bon ▁Hold ings , ▁parent ▁company ▁of ▁B akers ▁Square ▁and ▁Village ▁Inn , ▁file d ▁for ▁Chapter ▁ 1 1 ▁bank rupt cy ▁protection ▁after ▁closing ▁ 3 3 ▁locations ▁across ▁both ▁br ands . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : F idel ity ▁National ▁Fin an cial ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁based ▁in ▁Den ver ▁Category : R estaur ants ▁in ▁Iowa ▁Category : E conom y ▁of ▁the ▁Mid western ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Reg ional ▁restaurant ▁ch ains ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁that ▁file d ▁for ▁Chapter ▁ 1 |
1 ▁bank rupt cy ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁that ▁file d ▁for ▁Chapter ▁ 1 1 ▁bank rupt cy ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁Category : R estaur ants ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Iowa ▁Category : 1 9 8 3 ▁mer gers ▁and ▁ac quis itions <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁( born ▁Arthur ▁D aven port ; ▁November ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁politician ▁from ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁Democratic ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁House ▁for ▁ ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁He ▁previously ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁Senate ▁and ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives . ▁ ▁The ▁district ▁included ▁port ions ▁of ▁North ▁Philadelphia , ▁South ▁Philadelphia , ▁and ▁West ▁Philadelphia ▁along ▁with ▁Lower ▁Mer ion ▁Township ▁in ▁Mont gom ery ▁County . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁F att ah ▁and ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁associ ates ▁were ▁ind icted ▁on ▁federal ▁charges ▁related ▁to ▁their ▁alleg ed ▁roles ▁in ▁a ▁ra ck ete ering ▁and ▁influence ▁ped d ling ▁consp i racy . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁conv icted ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁counts ▁of ▁ra ck ete ering , ▁fra ud , ▁and ▁other ▁cor ruption ▁charges ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 |
1 6 , ▁and ▁res igned ▁two ▁days ▁later . ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁F att ah ▁was ▁sent enced ▁to ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁in ▁prison . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁for ▁the ▁Third ▁Circ uit ▁in ▁Philadelphia ▁over turn ed ▁F att ah ' s ▁b ri ber y ▁conv ict ions . ▁On ▁July ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁a ▁Philadelphia ▁judge ▁sent enced ▁F att ah ▁to ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁in ▁federal ▁prison ▁for ▁public ▁cor ruption . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁F att ah ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Philadelphia , ▁att ending ▁Over bro ok ▁High ▁School ▁and ▁the ▁Community ▁College ▁of ▁Philadelphia . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Al pha ▁Ph i ▁Al pha ▁frat ern ity . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁F att ah ▁completed ▁the ▁Program ▁for ▁Senior ▁Exec ut ives ▁in ▁State ▁and ▁Local ▁Government ▁at ▁Harvard ▁University ' s ▁John ▁F . ▁Kennedy ▁School ▁of ▁Government . ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁he ▁received ▁his ▁master ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁Government al ▁Administration ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ' s ▁F els ▁Institute ▁of ▁Government . ▁ ▁F att ah ▁was ▁the ▁recip ient ▁of ▁numerous ▁hon ors ▁and ▁awards ▁including ▁ 1 0 ▁honor ary ▁doctor ates ▁and ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ’ s |
▁F els ▁Institute ▁of ▁Government ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Al umn i ▁Ach iev ement ▁Award . ▁ ▁Time ▁Magazine ▁named ▁F att ah ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 0 ▁most ▁prom ising ▁leaders ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁ ▁His ▁parents ▁divor ced ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁young , ▁and ▁his ▁mother ▁soon ▁rem ar ried ▁to ▁a ▁man ▁she ▁met ▁at ▁a ▁national ▁conference ▁on ▁black ▁power ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁Following ▁this ▁conference , ▁his ▁mother ▁decided ▁to ▁change ▁his ▁name ▁to ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah , ▁to ▁acknow ledge ▁their ▁African ▁eth nic ity . ▁ ▁His ▁adopt ive ▁father , ▁David ▁F att ah , ▁and ▁mother , ▁Fal aka ▁F att ah ▁( born ▁Frances ▁Brown , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁" Que en ▁Mother " ▁Fal aka ▁F att ah ), ▁are ▁community ▁activ ists ▁in ▁West ▁Philadelphia , ▁where ▁they ▁are ▁building ▁an ▁" urban ▁Boys ' ▁Town " ▁through ▁their ▁organization , ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁U mo ja . ▁He ▁has ▁five ▁brothers . ▁ ▁Pennsylvania ▁Legisl ature ▁F att ah ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 nd ▁district ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁State ▁Senator ▁for ▁the ▁ 7 th ▁district ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁F att ah ▁founded ▁the ▁Gr adu ate ▁O pport |
unity ▁In iti ative ▁Conference , ▁an ▁annual ▁three - day ▁inform ational ▁and ▁scholar ship ▁conference ▁which ▁a ims ▁to ▁significantly ▁increase ▁the ▁en roll ment ▁of ▁under - re present ed ▁gradu ate ▁students ▁studying ▁Science , ▁Technology , ▁Engineering ▁and ▁Math ▁( ST EM ▁fields ). ▁The ▁conference ▁was ▁designed ▁to ▁encou rage ▁minor ity ▁students ’ ▁interest ▁in ▁S TE M ▁gradu ate ▁and ▁professional ▁schools . ▁ ▁U . S . ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁ ▁E lections ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁State ▁Senator ▁F att ah ▁decided ▁to ▁run ▁for ▁Pennsylvania ' s ▁ 2 nd ▁con gression al ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁special ▁election ▁that ▁was ▁held ▁after ▁Democratic ▁U . S . ▁Congress man ▁William ▁Gray ▁decided ▁to ▁res ign . ▁On ▁November ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁City ▁Council man ▁Luci en ▁Edward ▁Black well ▁won ▁the ▁election ▁with ▁a ▁pl ur ality ▁of ▁ 3 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote ▁defe ating ▁F att ah ▁( 2 8 % ), ▁John ▁F . ▁White ▁( 2 8 % ), ▁and ▁Nad ine ▁Smith - B ul ford ▁( 5 %). ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁F att ah ▁decided ▁to ▁challenge ▁Black well ▁in ▁the ▁Democratic ▁primary . ▁He ▁defeated ▁the ▁inc umb ent ▁ 5 8 % - 4 2 %. ▁He ▁won ▁the ▁general ▁election ▁with ▁ 8 6 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁After ▁that , ▁he ▁was ▁re - elect ed |
▁every ▁two ▁years ▁with ▁at ▁least ▁ 8 6 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁He ▁was ▁never ▁challeng ed ▁in ▁the ▁Democratic ▁primary ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁when ▁he ▁lost ▁to ▁D w ight ▁E . ▁Evans . ▁ ▁Ten ure ▁F att ah ▁represented ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁district ▁in ▁Pennsylvania , ▁an ▁over wh el ming ly ▁Democratic ▁district , ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁F att ah ▁end ors ed ▁Bar ack ▁Ob ama ▁for ▁President ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁G EAR ▁Up ▁and ▁education ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁architect ▁of ▁the ▁G aining ▁Early ▁A war eness ▁and ▁Read iness ▁for ▁Under grad uate ▁Program s . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁first ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁ ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives , ▁F att ah ▁introduced ▁and ▁passed ▁into ▁law ▁G aining ▁Early ▁A war eness ▁and ▁Read iness ▁for ▁Under grad uate ▁Program s ▁( GE AR ▁UP ), ▁a ▁college ▁aw aren ess ▁and ▁prepared ness ▁program . ▁Since ▁its ▁in ception , ▁more ▁than ▁$ 4 ▁billion ▁in ▁federal ▁funds ▁have ▁been ▁distributed ▁to ▁assist ▁ 1 2 ▁million ▁students ▁in ▁ 5 0 ▁states , ▁Puerto ▁Rico , ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁Columbia , ▁and ▁U . S . ▁territ ories . ▁ ▁F att ah ▁spons ored ▁H . R . ▁ 4 2 0 7 , ▁American ▁Dream ▁Account s ▁Act ▁which |
▁ ▁would ▁author ize ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Education ▁to ▁award ▁three - year ▁compet itive ▁gr ants ▁to ▁support ▁partners hips ▁that ▁provide ▁financial ▁support ▁and ▁prepar ation ▁for ▁low - in come ▁students ▁as ▁they ▁plan ▁for ▁their ▁college ▁education . ▁ ▁The ▁bill ▁is ▁co - sp ons ored ▁in ▁the ▁U . ▁S . ▁Senate ▁by ▁Senator ▁Chris ▁Co ons ▁of ▁Del aware , ▁Senator ▁Marco ▁Rub io ▁of ▁Florida ▁and ▁Senator ▁Jeff ▁B ing aman ▁of ▁New ▁Mexico . ▁Specifically ▁the ▁legisl ation ▁creates ▁personal ▁online ▁accounts ▁for ▁students ▁that ▁monitor ▁higher ▁education ▁read iness ▁and ▁includes ▁a ▁college ▁sav ings ▁account . ▁The ▁accounts ▁follow ▁students ▁from ▁school ▁to ▁school ▁and ▁through ▁college . ▁Par ents ▁can ▁grant ▁v ested ▁st ake hold ers ▁( including ▁coun sel ors , ▁teachers , ▁coach es , ▁ment ors , ▁and ▁others ) ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁account ▁to ▁update ▁student ▁information , ▁monitor ▁progress , ▁and ▁provide ▁college ▁prepar atory ▁support . ▁ ▁F att ah ▁has ▁introduced ▁a ▁few ▁b ills ▁target ing ▁the ▁equ ity ▁of ▁resource ▁allocation ▁within ▁and ▁between ▁school ▁districts . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁he ▁introduced ▁the ▁" Student ▁Bill ▁of ▁Rights ", ▁H . R . ▁ 2 4 5 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁measure ▁calls ▁for ▁States ▁to ▁provide ▁highly ▁effective ▁teachers , ▁early ▁child hood ▁education , ▁college ▁prep ▁curr ic ula ▁and ▁equ itable ▁instruction al ▁resources ▁to ▁all ▁students ▁who ▁attend ▁public ▁schools . ▁Current ▁law |
▁requires ▁that ▁schools ▁within ▁the ▁same ▁district ▁provide ▁compar able ▁educational ▁services ; ▁this ▁bill ▁would ▁extend ▁that ▁basic ▁protection ▁to ▁the ▁State ▁level ▁by ▁requiring ▁compar ability ▁across ▁school ▁districts . ▁▁ ▁The ▁E SE A ▁F is cal ▁Fair ness ▁Act , ▁H . R . ▁ 5 0 7 1 ▁– ▁am ends ▁the ▁Element ary ▁and ▁Second ary ▁Education ▁Act ▁to ▁requires ▁school ▁districts ▁to ▁equal ize ▁the ▁real ▁dollars ▁spent ▁among ▁all ▁schools ▁within ▁its ▁juris diction ▁– ▁with ▁the ▁imper ative ▁to ▁raise ▁the ▁resources ▁all otted ▁to ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁poor est ▁neighborhood s ▁to ▁meet ▁those ▁in ▁well - off ▁schools ▁– ▁before ▁receiving ▁federal ▁aid . ▁ ▁F att ah ▁introduced ▁" Comm un ities ▁Comm itted ▁to ▁College ", ▁H . R . ▁ 1 5 7 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁legisl ation ▁provides ▁a ▁ 5 0 % ▁tax ▁credit ▁to ▁don ors ▁who ▁contribute ▁to ▁qual ifying ▁scholar ship ▁trust s ▁that ▁are ▁recognized ▁and ▁registered ▁with ▁the ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Tre as ury . ▁▁▁ ▁He ▁also ▁wrote ▁the ▁legisl ation ▁for ▁the ▁American ▁O pport unity ▁Tax ▁Cred it ▁( A OT C ). ▁ ▁The ▁tax ▁credit ▁ass ists ▁any ▁full - time ▁college ▁or ▁university ▁student ▁or ▁their ▁families ▁that ▁claim ▁the ▁credit . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁it ▁has ▁assist ed ▁ 4 . 5 mill ion ▁students ▁and ▁their ▁families . ▁A OT C ▁provides ▁up ▁to ▁$ 2 5 0 0 |
▁tax ▁credit ▁for ▁families ▁to ▁assist ▁them ▁with ▁the ▁cost ▁of ▁college . ▁The ▁credit ▁is ▁unique ▁in ▁that ▁families ▁under ▁a ▁set ▁income ▁without ▁a ▁tax ▁li ability ▁are ▁el ig ible ▁for ▁a ▁tax ▁reb ate . ▁President ▁Ob ama ▁has ▁called ▁for ▁making ▁the ▁tax ▁credit ▁permanent . ▁Out side ▁of ▁legisl ative ▁work ▁F att ah ▁has ▁created ▁a ▁few ▁local ▁education ▁initi atives ▁for ▁Philadelphia ▁and ▁Pennsylvania ▁families ▁as ▁a ▁state ▁legisl ator ▁and ▁in ▁co operation ▁with ▁state ▁and ▁municipal ▁govern ments , ▁including ▁the ▁CO RE ▁sch ol ars ▁program ▁and ▁the ▁annual ▁Grad ▁Conference . ▁ ▁College ▁O pport unity ▁Resources ▁for ▁Education ▁( CO RE ) ▁is ▁an ▁initi ative ▁providing ▁almost ▁$ 2 7 ▁million ▁in ▁last - d ollar ▁scholar ships ▁to ▁over ▁ 1 8 , 0 0 0 ▁students . ▁ ▁The ▁program ▁encourag es ▁the ▁students ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁service ▁to ▁the ▁local ▁community ▁and ▁provides ▁technical ▁assistance ▁to ▁the ▁families ▁of ▁program ▁participants ▁ens uring ▁that ▁they ▁apply ▁for ▁educational ▁assistance ▁programs ▁( P ell ▁Gr ants , ▁P HE AA ▁gr ants , ▁etc .) ▁offered ▁by ▁the ▁state ▁and ▁federal ▁government . ▁▁ ▁A ▁report ▁issued ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁Student ▁Clear ing house ▁ ▁con cludes ▁that ▁participants ▁in ▁CO RE ▁are ▁more ▁likely ▁than ▁their ▁fellow ▁non - CO RE ▁class m ates ▁to ▁complete ▁their ▁college ▁education ▁in ▁four ▁years . ▁ ▁Youth ▁ment oring ▁F att ah ▁was ▁the ▁lead ▁Dem ocrat |
▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁fund ing ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Department ▁of ▁Justice ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Att orney ▁General . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁Congress man ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁negoti ate ▁an ▁increase ▁of ▁$ 3 0 M ▁to ▁invest ment ▁in ▁DO J ▁programs ▁that ▁fund ▁groups ▁including ▁the ▁Boys ▁& ▁Girls ▁Club s ▁of ▁America ▁and ▁Big ▁Brothers ▁Big ▁Sister s ▁of ▁America . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁F att ah ▁negoti ated ▁a ▁partners hip ▁between ▁F IR ST ▁and ▁Boys ▁& ▁Girls ▁Club s ▁of ▁America ▁to ▁provide ▁robot ics ▁programs ▁to ▁ 4 ▁million ▁youth ▁by ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Neu ros cience ▁F att ah ▁was ▁the ▁lead ▁Dem ocrat ▁responsible ▁for ▁fund ing ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁science ▁ag encies ▁in ▁the ▁federal ▁system ▁( N AS A , ▁NS F , ▁Office ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁Policy ▁( OST P ). ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁F att ah ▁through ▁his ▁role ▁on ▁the ▁App ropri ations ▁Committee , ▁directed ▁the ▁O ST P ▁to ▁establish ▁an ▁Inter ag ency ▁Working ▁Group ▁on ▁Neu ros cience ▁( I W GN ). ▁ ▁H oused ▁within ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁and ▁char tered ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁I W GN ▁conven es ▁represent atives ▁across ▁the ▁Federal ▁government ▁to ▁make ▁recommend ations ▁about ▁the ▁future ▁of ▁neu ros cience ▁research . ▁▁ ▁The ▁F |
att ah ▁Neu ros cience ▁In iti ative ▁is ▁a ▁policy ▁initi ative ▁designed ▁to ▁make ▁major ▁progress ▁understanding ▁the ▁human ▁brain ▁by ▁intens ifying , ▁in ▁a ▁collabor ative ▁fashion , ▁federal ▁research ▁efforts ▁across ▁brain ▁disease , ▁dis order , ▁injury , ▁cogn ition ▁and ▁development . ▁The ▁initi ative ▁a ims ▁to ▁coordinate ▁Federal ▁research ▁across ▁ag encies ▁and ▁draw ▁upon ▁public - private ▁partners hips ▁and ▁the ▁world ▁of ▁academ ia . ▁The ▁initi ative ▁prom otes ▁research ▁and ▁discovery ▁across ▁brain ▁cogn ition , ▁development , ▁disease ▁and ▁injury . ▁ ▁Man ufact uring ▁F att ah ▁states ▁that ▁his ▁priority ▁is ▁ens uring ▁that ▁small ▁and ▁medium ▁business es ▁have ▁the ▁tools ▁they ▁need ▁to ▁prosper ▁in ▁an ▁increasing ly ▁compet itive ▁global ▁market place . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁lead ▁Dem ocrat ▁responsible ▁for ▁fund ing ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Com merce ▁and ▁the ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Trade ▁Represent ative . ▁In ▁his ▁role ▁on ▁the ▁App ropri ations ▁Committee , ▁F att ah ▁has ▁advoc ated ▁to ▁$ 1 2 8 ▁million ▁in ▁fund ing ▁for ▁the ▁Man ufact uring ▁Ext ension ▁Part ners hip , ▁a ▁program ▁that ▁ass ists ▁small ▁and ▁mid - s ized ▁manufact ur ers ▁create ▁and ▁retain ▁jobs , ▁increase ▁prof its , ▁and ▁save ▁time ▁and ▁money . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁an ▁advoc ate ▁for ▁the ▁Select USA ▁program , ▁an ▁initi ative ▁that ▁encourag es ▁U . S . ▁business es ▁operating ▁off - |
sh ore ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁and ▁promote ▁the ▁U . S . ▁market place . ▁ ▁Cooper ative ▁development ▁F att ah ▁was ▁considered ▁a ▁“ true ▁champion ” ▁of ▁the ▁co - op ▁movement ▁by ▁the ▁American ▁Co - op ▁Association . ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁F att ah ▁introduced ▁the ▁Creating ▁Job s ▁through ▁Cooper atives ▁Act ▁( HR ▁ 2 4 3 7 ). ▁This ▁legisl ation ▁will ▁provide ▁means ▁to ▁catal y ze ▁co oper ative ▁development , ▁provide ▁tools ▁to ▁entrepr ene urs ▁to ▁bring ▁co oper ative ▁to ▁their ▁communities , ▁partner ▁with ▁financial ▁institutions ▁to ▁provide ▁gr ants ▁a ▁lo ans ▁to ▁developing ▁business es , ▁offer ▁technical ▁training ▁and ▁professional ▁development . ▁His ▁bill ▁calls ▁for ▁$ 2 5 ▁million ▁federal ▁invest ment ▁and ▁technical ▁assistance ▁to ▁co oper atives ▁through ▁a ▁new ▁National ▁Cooper ative ▁Development ▁Center . ▁The ▁bill ▁has ▁national ▁support ▁from ▁co - op ▁and ▁E OB ▁advoc ates ▁and ▁members . ▁ ▁Co - ops ▁have ▁a ▁broad ▁base ▁and ▁connection ▁to ▁community ▁in ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁area . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁F att ah ▁was ▁invited ▁to ▁attend ▁as ▁Ke yn ote ▁speaker ▁at ▁the ▁Ann ual ▁Cooper atives ▁Conference , ▁hosted ▁by ▁the ▁NC BA . ▁The ▁conference ▁brought ▁together ▁national ▁leaders ▁in ▁co oper ative ▁development ▁to ▁share ▁best ▁practices ▁to ▁create ▁powerful ▁change ▁for ▁their ▁organizations . ▁ ▁Sp ons ored |
▁legisl ation ▁As ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ’ s ▁state ▁House ▁F att ah ▁wrote ▁and ▁passed ▁into ▁law ▁Pennsylvania ’ s ▁Home own ers ▁Emer gency ▁Mort g age ▁Ass istance ▁Program ▁( HE MAP ). ▁ ▁HE MAP ▁is ▁a ▁loan ▁program ▁designed ▁to ▁protect ▁Pen ns yl v ani ans ▁who , ▁through ▁no ▁fault ▁of ▁their ▁own , ▁are ▁finan cially ▁unable ▁to ▁make ▁their ▁mort g age ▁pay ments ▁and ▁are ▁in ▁danger ▁of ▁losing ▁their ▁homes ▁to ▁forec los ure . ▁Start ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁by ▁Pennsylvania ’ s ▁Act ▁ 9 1 ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁it ▁was ▁only ▁one ▁of ▁its ▁kind ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁when ▁F att ah ▁added ▁language ▁to ▁the ▁D odd ▁Frank ▁bill ▁to ▁provide ▁similar ▁assistance , ▁to ▁home own ers ▁nation wide . ▁ ▁The ▁Emer gency ▁Home own ers ▁Lo an ▁Program ▁provides ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 4 ▁months ▁of ▁assistance , ▁through ▁bridge ▁lo ans , ▁for ▁dist ress ed ▁home own ers ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁scale d - up ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁HE MAP ▁program . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁F att ah ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁vice ▁chair ▁on ▁the ▁House ▁Gun ▁and ▁Vi ol ence ▁Task force , ▁a ▁task force ▁created ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁House ▁Democratic ▁Le ader ▁Nancy ▁Pel osi . ▁The ▁task force ▁included ▁both ▁liberal ▁and ▁conserv ative ▁Democr ats , ▁gun ▁own ers ▁and ▁Representatives |
▁from ▁various ▁cities . ▁F att ah ▁received ▁an ▁F ▁rating ▁from ▁the ▁National ▁R if le ▁Association ▁and ▁an ▁A + ▁rating ▁from ▁the ▁Co al ition ▁on ▁Gun ▁Vi ol ence ▁and ▁the ▁Br ady ▁Camp aign ▁to ▁Pre vent ▁Gun ▁Vi ol ence ▁for ▁his ▁positions ▁on ▁gun ▁control . ▁ ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁F att ah ▁has ▁“ p ione ered ▁gun - bu y back ▁programs ” ▁in ▁Philadelphia ▁with ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁Police . ▁ ▁The ▁program ▁offers ▁Philadel phi ans ▁the ▁chance ▁to ▁exchange ▁fire ar ms ▁for ▁v ouch ers ▁for ▁gro cer ies ▁or ▁other ▁goods . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁F att ah ▁introduced ▁a ▁bill ▁titled ▁the ▁" Transform ▁America ▁Trans action ▁F ee ," ▁( H . R . ▁ 3 7 5 9 ) ▁which ▁proposed ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Tre as ury ▁conduct ▁a ▁one - year ▁feas ibility ▁study ▁of ▁a ▁ 1 ▁percent ▁transaction ▁fee ▁im posed ▁on ▁transactions ▁made ▁at ▁any ▁financial ▁institution . ▁He ▁tout ed ▁the ▁possibility ▁that ▁such ▁a ▁system ▁would ▁bring ▁in ▁so ▁much ▁money ▁it ▁would ▁allow ▁for ▁greatly ▁increased ▁federal ▁sp ending , ▁saying ▁the ▁" ex cess ▁funds " ▁would ▁" prov ide ▁universal ▁health ▁care , ▁support ▁an ▁equ itable ▁public ▁school ▁fin ance ▁system , ▁and ▁fund ▁economic ▁development ▁in ▁urban ▁and ▁rural ▁areas ," ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁ex ting u ishing ▁the ▁national ▁deb t ▁and |
▁elimin ating ▁all ▁other ▁federal ▁tax es . ▁The ▁bill ▁died ▁without ▁attract ing ▁any ▁co - sp ons or . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁F att ah ▁introduced ▁the ▁bill ▁again ▁with ▁H . R . ▁ 1 6 0 1 , ▁and ▁again ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁with ▁H . R . ▁ 2 1 3 0 ▁which ▁had ▁a ▁single ▁c osp ons or , ▁Democratic ▁Rep . ▁Brian ▁B air d ▁of ▁Washington . ▁Both ▁b ills ▁died ▁without ▁any ▁action ▁being ▁taken . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁F att ah ▁introduced ▁a ▁fourth ▁bill ▁to ▁require ▁having ▁a ▁study ▁conducted , ▁H . R . ▁ 1 7 0 3 , ▁which ▁attract ed ▁no ▁c osp ons ors . ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁F att ah ▁re int rodu ced ▁the ▁bill ▁as ▁the ▁" Deb t ▁Free ▁America ▁Act ," ▁( H . R . ▁ 4 6 4 6 ) ▁which ▁proposed ▁to ▁repe al ▁the ▁federal ▁income ▁tax ▁and ▁replace ▁it ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 ▁percent ▁" transaction ▁tax " ▁on ▁every ▁financial ▁transaction ▁— ▁whether ▁paid ▁by ▁c ash , ▁credit ▁card ▁or ▁any ▁form ▁of ▁financial ▁transfer , ▁the ▁only ▁exception ▁being ▁transactions ▁involving ▁the ▁purchase ▁or ▁sale ▁of ▁stock . ▁The ▁latest ▁bill ▁places ▁more ▁focus ▁on ▁elimin ating ▁the ▁federal ▁deb t . ▁F att ah ▁has ▁also ▁added ▁a ▁ 1 ▁percent ▁tax |
▁credit ▁designed ▁to ▁eliminate ▁the ▁impact ▁of ▁the ▁measure ▁on ▁cou ples ▁making ▁less ▁than ▁$ 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁a ▁year . ▁As ▁of ▁September ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁comm itte es ▁have ▁scheduled ▁any ▁action ▁on ▁the ▁latest ▁bill . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁F att ah ▁opposed ▁the ▁War ▁in ▁Ira q ▁and ▁supported ▁Congress man ▁John ▁Mur tha ' s ▁call ▁for ▁tro op ▁withdraw al . ▁He ▁public ly ▁supported ▁the ▁“ B ring ▁Our ▁Tro ops ▁Home ▁and ▁Ira q ▁S over e ig nt y ▁Act ” ▁a ▁bill ▁that ▁called ▁for ▁bringing ▁the ▁troops ▁home ▁within ▁six ▁months ▁and ▁transition ing ▁the ▁Ira q is ▁to ▁self - g overn ment . ▁ ▁Committee ▁assign ments ▁Committee ▁on ▁App ropri ations ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁Com merce , ▁Justice , ▁Science , ▁and ▁Rel ated ▁A gen cies ▁( R ank ing ▁Member ) ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁Energy ▁and ▁Water ▁Development ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁mayor al ▁election ▁▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁he ▁declared ▁his ▁candid acy ▁for ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Philadelphia , ▁where ▁two - term ▁inc umb ent ▁Mayor ▁John ▁F . ▁Street ▁was ▁bar red ▁from ▁re - e lection ▁by ▁term ▁limits , ▁amid ▁pressure ▁from ▁Democratic ▁vot ers ▁to ▁keep ▁his ▁Cong r essional ▁seat ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁maintain ▁a ▁Philadelphia ▁representative ▁on ▁the ▁powerful ▁App ropri ations |
▁Committee ▁in ▁the ▁House . ▁His ▁candid acy ▁announ cement ▁took ▁place ▁next ▁to ▁the ▁recently ▁completed ▁Microsoft ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Future ▁in ▁the ▁city ' s ▁Park side ▁neighborhood ▁to ▁emphas ize ▁his ▁campaign ▁platform ▁of ▁better ▁educational ▁opportun ities ▁for ▁city ▁youth . ▁ ▁After ▁emer ging ▁as ▁a ▁mayor al ▁candidate , ▁F att ah ▁came ▁under ▁fire ▁from ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁F rat ernal ▁Order ▁of ▁Police ▁for ▁his ▁repeated ▁calls ▁to ▁grant ▁a ▁new ▁trial ▁to ▁M um ia ▁Ab u - J am al , ▁who ▁was ▁conv icted ▁of ▁murder ing ▁police ▁officer ▁Daniel ▁Fa ulk ner ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 ; ▁he ▁also ▁was ▁critic ized ▁for ▁possibly ▁un eth ical ▁campaign ▁sp ending , ▁based ▁on ▁new ▁campaign ▁fin ance ▁rules ▁adopted ▁by ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Philadelphia . ▁ ▁The ▁F att ah ▁campaign ▁def ended ▁itself , ▁claim ing ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁followed ▁less ▁restrict ive ▁federal ▁rules ▁in ▁sp ending ▁the ▁money , ▁but ▁eventually ▁returned ▁a ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁excess ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁expl or atory ▁committee ▁following ▁a ▁settlement ▁with ▁the ▁city ' s ▁Board ▁of ▁Eth ics . ▁ ▁F att ah ▁eventually ▁came ▁in ▁fourth ▁in ▁the ▁Democratic ▁primary , ▁close ▁behind ▁fellow ▁Congress man ▁Bob ▁Br ady ▁but ▁well ▁behind ▁former ▁city ▁council man ▁Michael ▁N utter , ▁who ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁fall ▁general ▁election ▁hand ily . ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ind ict ment ▁and ▁conv iction ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 |
0 1 4 , ▁F att ah ' s ▁long time ▁a ide ▁and ▁close ▁conf id ant ▁Gregory ▁N aylor ▁p led ▁guilty ▁to ▁federal ▁charges ▁in ▁a ▁complex ▁money ▁la und ering ▁scheme ▁used ▁to ▁hide ▁an ▁illegal ▁million - d ollar ▁loan ▁that ▁a ▁candidate , ▁un named ▁in ▁that ▁ind ict ment , ▁received ▁for ▁his ▁failed ▁mayor al ▁campaign ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁The ▁loan ▁was ▁paid ▁back ▁using ▁federal ▁grant ▁money ▁intended ▁for ▁non pro fit ▁organizations ▁affili ated ▁with ▁F att ah . ▁A ▁subsequent ▁Philadelphia ▁Daily ▁News ▁investigation ▁revealed ▁that ▁non prof its ▁receiving ▁federal ▁fund ing ▁and ▁connected ▁to ▁F att ah ▁paid ▁out ▁over ▁$ 5 . 8 ▁million ▁to ▁F att ah ▁al lies ▁and ▁alleg ed ▁that ▁many ▁of ▁these ▁pay ments ▁were ▁eth ically ▁dub ious . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁F att ah ▁and ▁four ▁of ▁his ▁associ ates , ▁Bon nie ▁Bow ser , ▁Kar en ▁Nicholas , ▁Herbert ▁Ver der man ▁and ▁Robert ▁Brand ▁were ▁ind icted ▁for ▁their ▁alleg ed ▁roles ▁in ▁a ▁ra ck ete ering ▁consp i racy ▁involving ▁several ▁schemes ▁that ▁were ▁intended ▁to ▁further ▁the ▁political ▁and ▁financial ▁interests ▁of ▁the ▁defend ants ▁and ▁others ▁by , ▁among ▁other ▁tact ics , ▁mis app ropri ating ▁hundreds ▁of ▁thousands ▁of ▁dollars ▁of ▁federal , ▁char itable ▁and ▁campaign ▁funds . ▁The ▁F BI ▁further ▁alleg ed ▁that ▁F att ah |
▁accepted ▁an ▁$ 1 8 , 0 0 0 ▁b ri be ▁from ▁a ▁man ▁seeking ▁an ▁amb assador ship . ▁ ▁The ▁trial ▁was ▁originally ▁scheduled ▁for ▁May ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁but ▁in ▁April ▁a ▁judge ▁had ▁the ▁date ▁pushed ▁back ▁to ▁May ▁ 1 6 ▁to ▁give ▁the ▁defend ants ▁time ▁to ▁review ▁the ▁excess ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁documents ▁acc ru ed ▁by ▁the ▁pro sec ution . ▁ ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁F att ah ▁was ▁conv icted ▁of ▁all ▁charges , ▁including ▁ra ck ete ering ▁consp i racy , ▁b ri ber y , ▁bank ▁fra ud , ▁mail ▁fra ud , ▁money ▁la und ering , ▁making ▁false ▁statements ▁to ▁a ▁financial ▁institution , ▁and ▁f als ification ▁of ▁records . ▁He ▁announced ▁his ▁immediate ▁res ignation ▁from ▁Congress ▁two ▁days ▁later , ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 3 . ▁Just ▁days ▁later , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁issued ▁its ▁decision ▁in ▁Mc D onn ell ▁v . ▁United ▁States ▁which ▁alter ed ▁the ▁legal ▁definition ▁of ▁b ri ber y ▁to ▁exclude ▁" pay ▁for ▁access ." ▁On ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁this ▁r uling , ▁F att ah ▁appe aled ▁his ▁conv iction ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁placing ▁his ▁sent encing ▁on ▁hold . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁F |
att ah ▁was ▁sent enced ▁to ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁in ▁prison . ▁He ▁reported ▁for ▁prison ▁at ▁Federal ▁Cor re ction al ▁Institution , ▁Mc Ke an ▁near ▁Lewis ▁Run , ▁Pennsylvania ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁for ▁the ▁Third ▁Circ uit ▁in ▁Philadelphia ▁over turn ed ▁F att ah ' s ▁b ri ber y ▁conv ict ions . ▁ ▁The ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁rem and ed ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁trial ▁as ▁to ▁certain ▁b ri ber y ▁and ▁money ▁la und ering ▁counts , ▁con cluding ▁that ▁the ▁j ury ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁properly ▁instruct ed ▁regarding ▁“ o fficial ▁acts ” ▁in ▁a ▁b ri ber y ▁context . ▁( The ▁government ▁there after ▁announced ▁its ▁intention ▁not ▁to ▁re try ▁those ▁counts .) ▁With ▁regard ▁to ▁the ▁government ’ s ▁cross - appe al , ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als ▁re inst ated ▁certain ▁counts ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁dismiss ed ▁by ▁the ▁District ▁Court ▁post - tri al . ▁The ▁case ▁was ▁then ▁rem and ed ▁for ▁res ent encing . ▁ ▁ ▁For ▁these ▁additional ▁counts , ▁F att ah ▁was ▁again ▁sent enced ▁to ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁of ▁in car cer ation ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Elect oral ▁history ▁In ▁the ▁ |
2 0 1 6 ▁election , ▁F att ah ▁was ▁ou sted ▁in ▁the ▁Democratic ▁primary – the ▁real ▁contest ▁in ▁his ▁heavily ▁Democratic , ▁black - major ity ▁district – to ▁state ▁representative ▁D w ight ▁Evans . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁election , ▁F att ah ▁received ▁ 1 8 1 , 1 4 1 ▁votes , ▁or ▁ 8 7 . 7 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote , ▁to ▁ 2 5 , 3 9 7 , ▁or ▁ 1 2 . 3 %, ▁to ▁his ▁Republican ▁oppon ent , ▁Ar mond ▁James , ▁a ▁school ▁teacher ▁with ▁no ▁prior ▁political ▁experience . ▁This ▁was ▁a ▁significant ▁decrease ▁from ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁election , ▁when ▁F att ah ▁received ▁ 3 0 2 , 7 4 6 ▁votes , ▁more ▁votes ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁for ▁that ▁election . ▁F att ah ▁was ▁challeng ed ▁by ▁Republican ▁nom ine e ▁Robert ▁Allen ▁Mans field , ▁Jr . ▁and ▁Independent ▁candidate ▁and ▁publish er ▁of ▁the ▁Germ ant own ▁New sp apers , ▁Jim ▁F oster . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Race ▁for ▁U . S . ▁House ▁F att ah ▁was ▁challeng ed ▁by ▁Republican ▁nom ine e ▁Rick ▁Hell berg , ▁the ▁CE O ▁of ▁a ▁small ▁financial ▁firm . ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁( D ) ▁( inc .), ▁ 8 9 % ▁Rick ▁Hell berg ▁( R ), ▁ 1 1 % ▁See ▁also |
: ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁elections ▁in ▁Pennsylvania , ▁ 2 0 1 0 # D istrict ▁ 2 ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Race ▁for ▁U . S . ▁House ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁( D ) ▁( inc .), ▁ 8 9 % ▁Adam ▁Lang ▁( R ), ▁ 1 1 % ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Democratic ▁Primary ▁ ▁for ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Philadelphia ▁Michael ▁N utter ▁▁▁▁▁ 1 0 6 , 8 0 5 ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 3 6 . 6 4 % ▁Tom ▁Kno x ▁ <0x09> ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 7 1 , 7 3 1 ▁ <0x09> 2 4 . 6 1 % ▁Bob ▁Br ady ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 4 4 , 4 7 4 ▁ <0x09> 1 5 . 2 6 % ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 4 4 , 3 0 1 ▁ <0x09> 1 5 . 2 0 % ▁D w ight ▁Evans ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 2 2 , 7 8 2 ▁ <0x09> 7 . 8 2 % ▁Tot als ▁ <0x09> ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ 2 9 1 , 4 9 2 ▁ <0x09> 1 0 0 % ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Race ▁for ▁U . S . ▁House ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁( D ) ▁( inc .), ▁ 8 9 % ▁Michael ▁G ess ner ▁( R ), ▁ 9 % ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Race ▁for ▁U . S . ▁House ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁( D ) ▁( inc .), ▁ 8 8 % ▁Stewart ▁Bol no ▁( R ), ▁ 1 2 |
% ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Race ▁for ▁U . S . ▁House ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁( D ) ▁( inc .), ▁ 8 8 % ▁Tom ▁D ough ert y ▁( R ), ▁ 1 2 % ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Race ▁for ▁U . S . ▁House ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁( D ) ▁( inc .), ▁ 9 8 % ▁Ken ▁K raw ch uk ▁( L ), ▁ 2 % ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Race ▁for ▁U . S . ▁House ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁( D ) ▁( inc .), ▁ 8 6 % ▁Anne ▁Marie ▁M ull igan ▁( R ), ▁ 1 4 % ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Race ▁for ▁U . S . ▁House ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁( D ) ▁( inc .), ▁ 8 8 % ▁Larry ▁Mur phy ▁( R ), ▁ 1 2 % ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁Race ▁for ▁U . S . ▁House ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁( D ), ▁ 8 6 % ▁Lawrence ▁Watson ▁( R ), ▁ 1 4 % ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁F att ah ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁his ▁third ▁wife , ▁R ene e ▁Chen ault - F att ah , ▁a ▁former ▁Philadelphia ▁television ▁news ▁broad c aster ▁on ▁W CA U - TV ▁( N BC ▁ 1 0 ). ▁They ▁have ▁one ▁daughter , ▁Ch and ler ▁F att ah . ▁He ▁is ▁step father ▁to ▁her ▁daughter ▁Camer on ▁Chen |
ault . ▁With ▁other ▁women , ▁he ▁is ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁another ▁daughter , ▁Frances ▁(" Fran "), ▁and ▁one ▁son , ▁Ch aka ▁F att ah ▁Jr ., ▁known ▁as ▁" Ch ip ", ▁who ▁was ▁conv icted ▁of ▁fel ony ▁bank ▁and ▁tax ▁fra ud ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁Polit ics PA ▁list ▁of ▁Best ▁D ress ed ▁Legisl ators , ▁not ing ▁his ▁" ex cell ence ▁in ▁hab erd ash ery ." ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁African - American ▁United ▁States ▁Representatives ▁List ▁of ▁American ▁federal ▁polit icians ▁conv icted ▁of ▁cr imes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁crim inals ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁polit icians ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁people ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁politics ▁Category : American ▁money ▁la under ers ▁Category : American ▁prisoners ▁and ▁d eta ine es ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : P en nsylvan ia ▁state ▁sen ators ▁Category : Pe ople ▁conv icted ▁of ▁making ▁false ▁statements ▁Category : Comm unity ▁College ▁of ▁Philadelphia ▁al umn i ▁Category : F els ▁Institute |
▁of ▁Government ▁al umn i ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁Philadelphia ▁Category : P en nsylvan ia ▁Democr ats ▁Category : B apt ists ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : D em ocr atic ▁Party ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁state ▁legisl ators ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : P en nsylvan ia ▁polit icians ▁conv icted ▁of ▁cr imes ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁conv icted ▁of ▁b ri ber y ▁under ▁ 1 8 ▁U . S . C . ▁§ ▁ 2 0 1 ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁conv icted ▁of ▁illegal ▁gr atu ities ▁under ▁ 1 8 ▁U . S . C . ▁§ ▁ 2 0 1 ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁conv icted ▁of ▁mail ▁and ▁wire ▁fra ud ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁conv icted ▁of ▁ra ck ete ering ▁Category : Pr ison ers ▁and ▁d eta ine es ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁federal ▁government <0x0A> </s> ▁Moh amm ad ▁Y aqu b ▁Khan ▁( 1 8 4 9 Nov ember ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 2 3 ) ▁was ▁Em ir ▁of ▁Afghan istan ▁from ▁February ▁ 2 1 ▁to ▁October ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 8 7 9 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁previous ▁r uler , ▁Sher ▁Ali ▁Khan . ▁ ▁Moh amm ad ▁Y aqu b ▁Khan ▁was ▁the ▁governor ▁of ▁Her at ▁province ▁in ▁Afghan istan ▁and ▁decided ▁to ▁re bel ▁against ▁his ▁father |
▁in ▁ 1 8 7 0 ▁but ▁was ▁imprison ed ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁Second ▁Ang lo - A fg han ▁War ▁er upt ed ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 8 , ▁leading ▁Sher ▁Ali ▁Khan ▁to ▁fle e ▁the ▁capital ▁of ▁Afghan istan , ▁and ▁eventually ▁die ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 8 7 9 ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁country . ▁As ▁Sher ▁Ali ' s ▁successor , ▁Y aqu b ▁signed ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Gand am ak ▁with ▁the ▁British ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 8 7 9 , ▁rel in qu ishing ▁sole ly ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁Afghan istan ▁foreign ▁affairs ▁to ▁the ▁British ▁Empire . ▁An ▁u pr ising ▁against ▁this ▁agreement ▁led ▁by ▁Ay ub ▁Khan ▁in ▁October ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁ab dic ation ▁of ▁Y aqu b ▁Khan . ▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁the ▁new ▁r uler , ▁Am ir ▁Ay ub ▁Khan . ▁ ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Gand am ak ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Second ▁Ang lo - A fg han ▁War , ▁the ▁British ▁defeated ▁the ▁Am ir ▁Sher ▁Ali ' s ▁forces , ▁winter ed ▁in ▁J al al abad , ▁waiting ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁Am ir ▁Y ak ub ▁Khan ▁to ▁accept ▁their ▁terms ▁and ▁conditions . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁key ▁figures ▁in ▁the ▁negoti ations ▁was ▁Pierre ▁Louis ▁Napoleon ▁Cav agn ari , ▁a ▁half - I r ish , ▁half - Ital ian ▁arist ocrat , ▁desc ended ▁from ▁the ▁royal ▁family ▁of |
▁Par ma ▁on ▁his ▁father ' s ▁side , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁brought ▁up ▁in ▁England , ▁with ▁school ing ▁at ▁Add is com be . ▁He ▁served ▁with ▁the ▁East ▁India ▁Army ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Beng al ▁F us ili ers ▁and ▁then ▁transferred ▁into ▁political ▁service , ▁becoming ▁Deput y ▁Commission er ▁at ▁P esh aw ar , ▁and ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁en voy ▁by ▁the ▁Vic ero y ▁Lord ▁Ly tt on ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 8 ▁mission ▁to ▁Kab ul ▁which ▁the ▁Af gh ans ▁refused ▁to ▁let ▁proceed . ▁This ▁ref us al ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁events ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁Second ▁Afghan ▁War . ▁Tan ve er ▁Al am ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 8 7 9 , ▁Y ak ub ▁Khan ▁travel led ▁to ▁Gand am ak , ▁a ▁village ▁just ▁outside ▁J al al abad ▁and ▁entered ▁into ▁negoti ations ▁with ▁Cav agn ari ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁which ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Gand am ak ▁was ▁signed ▁where by ▁the ▁Am ir ▁c eded ▁territ ories ▁to ▁the ▁British ▁and ▁accepted ▁a ▁British ▁en voy ▁in ▁Kab ul . ▁Cav agn ari ▁took ▁up ▁the ▁post ▁of ▁British ▁Res ident ▁in ▁Kab ul ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 8 7 9 . ▁He ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁be ▁reck less ▁and ▁ar rog ant ▁rather ▁than ▁dis cre et ▁and ▁his ▁role ▁as ▁en voy ▁was ▁viewed ▁as ▁inj ud icious ▁even ▁by ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁British . ▁The |
▁situation ▁in ▁Kab ul ▁was ▁t ense ▁and ▁eventually ▁some ▁Afghan ▁troops ▁who ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁paid ▁by ▁the ▁Am ir ▁re bel led ▁and ▁attacked ▁the ▁Res iden cy , ▁killing ▁Cav agn ari ▁and ▁his ▁mission ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 8 7 9 . ▁The ▁war ▁was ▁far ▁from ▁over ▁despite ▁the ▁treat y ▁and ▁British ▁troops ▁were ▁re called ▁over ▁the ▁mountains ▁to ▁occup y ▁Kab ul , ▁secure ▁it ▁and ▁launch ▁pun itive ▁action ▁against ▁the ▁Af gh ans . ▁Y ak ub ▁Khan ▁ab dic ated , ▁taking ▁refuge ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁camp ▁and ▁was ▁subsequently ▁sent ▁to ▁India ▁in ▁December . ▁ ▁Qu otes ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁leaders ▁of ▁Afghan istan ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Em irs ▁of ▁Afghan istan ▁Category : Bar ak za i ▁dynast y ▁Category : G overn ors ▁of ▁Her at ▁Province ▁Category : 1 8 4 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 2 3 ▁death s ▁Category : P as ht un ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Ang lo - A fg han ▁War ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Afghan ▁polit icians ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁monarch s ▁in ▁Asia <0x0A> </s> ▁Josh ▁Sw ade ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁document ary ▁film maker ▁and ▁author . ▁His ▁film ▁One ▁& ▁Done , ▁about ▁basketball ▁player ▁Ben ▁Sim m ons , ▁premier ed ▁on ▁Show time ▁in ▁ 2 |
0 1 6 . ▁He ▁previously ▁directed ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ESP N ▁ 3 0 ▁for ▁ 3 0 ▁document ary ▁There ' s ▁No ▁Place ▁Like ▁Home , ▁and ▁wrote ▁the ▁corresponding ▁book , ▁The ▁Holy ▁Gra il ▁of ▁Ho ops : ▁One ▁F an ' s ▁Qu est ▁to ▁Bu y ▁the ▁Original ▁R ules ▁of ▁Basketball . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁directed ▁and ▁produced ▁several ▁ESP N ▁ 3 0 ▁for ▁ 3 0 ▁Short s , ▁and ▁several ▁short ▁films ▁on ▁popular ▁mus icians . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁Sw ade ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City , ▁Missouri . ▁He ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Kansas , ▁before ▁transfer ring ▁to ▁City ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Music ▁Following ▁his ▁gradu ation , ▁Sw ade ▁worked ▁in ▁A & R ▁at ▁Ma ver ick ▁Records , ▁before ▁co - found ing ▁the ▁record ▁labels ▁Young ▁American ▁Record ings ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁+ 1 ▁Records ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁+ 1 ▁Records ▁became ▁a ▁division ▁of ▁Ly or ▁C ohen ' s ▁ 3 0 0 ▁Entertainment . ▁ ▁Fil mm aking ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Sw ade ▁read ▁a ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁story ▁that ▁James ▁Na ism ith ' s ▁original ▁rules ▁of ▁basketball ▁would ▁be ▁au ction ed ▁off ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁en su ing |
▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ESP N ▁ 3 0 ▁for ▁ 3 0 ▁document ary ▁There ' s ▁No ▁Place ▁Like ▁Home ▁follows ▁Sw ade , ▁a ▁lif el ong ▁Kansas ▁Jay h aw ks ▁fan , ▁on ▁his ▁attempt ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁au ction ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁rules ▁could ▁be ▁hous ed ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Kansas ▁in ▁Lawrence , ▁Kansas , ▁where ▁Na ism ith ▁co ached ▁and ▁taught ▁for ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁his ▁career . ▁Sw ade ▁co - direct ed ▁the ▁film ▁with ▁Ma ura ▁Mand t . ▁University ▁of ▁Kansas ▁al umn us ▁David ▁Bo oth ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁paid ▁$ 4 , 3 3 8 , 5 0 0 ▁for ▁the ▁rules ▁of ▁basketball , ▁setting ▁a ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁highest ▁sales ▁price ▁for ▁sports ▁memor abil ia , ▁according ▁to ▁S othe by ' s , ▁which ▁conducted ▁the ▁au ction . ▁There ' s ▁No ▁Place ▁Like ▁Home ▁premier ed ▁on ▁ESP N ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Sw ade ’ s ▁book ▁The ▁Holy ▁Gra il ▁of ▁Ho ops : ▁One ▁F an ' s ▁Qu est ▁to ▁Bu y ▁the ▁Original ▁R ules ▁of ▁Basketball ▁was ▁published , ▁with ▁an ▁after word ▁by ▁University ▁of ▁Kansas ▁basketball ▁head ▁coach ▁Bill ▁Self . ▁It ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁events ▁in ▁There ' s ▁No ▁Place ▁Like ▁Home . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Sw ade ▁began |
▁work ▁on ▁# B ring Back S ung W oo , ▁a ▁ 3 0 ▁for ▁ 3 0 ▁Short s ▁document ary ▁which ▁follows ▁S ung ▁W oo ▁Lee , ▁a ▁South ▁Korean ▁long time ▁fan ▁of ▁the ▁Kansas ▁City ▁Roy als . ▁The ▁ 2 2 - min ute ▁film , ▁co - direct ed ▁by ▁Sw ade ▁and ▁Josh ▁Sh el ov , ▁premier ed ▁on ▁ESP N ▁and ▁Grant land ▁on ▁October ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Sw ade ▁was ▁h ired ▁as ▁executive ▁producer ▁of ▁film ▁and ▁video ▁at ▁Rol ling ▁Stone , ▁where ▁he ▁directed ▁and ▁produced ▁films ▁on ▁mus icians ▁including ▁Rick ▁Rub in , ▁The ▁Black ▁Ke ys , ▁Sh ery l ▁Crow , ▁Ring o ▁St arr ▁and ▁Will ie ▁Nelson . ▁His ▁short ▁film ▁on ▁Rub in , ▁Rick ▁Was ▁Here , ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Rol ling ▁Stone ▁Films ▁production , ▁and ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁National ▁Magazine ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Video . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁producer ▁on ▁The ▁ESP Y s ▁and ▁NFL ▁Hon ors ▁award ▁shows . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁production ▁began ▁on ▁One ▁& ▁Done , ▁a ▁feature ▁document ary ▁co - direct ed ▁by ▁Sw ade ▁and ▁Mand t ▁for ▁Show time . ▁The ▁film ▁chron icles ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁Australian ▁basketball ▁player ▁Ben ▁Sim m ons , ▁foc using ▁on ▁his ▁l |
one ▁year ▁at ▁Louisiana ▁State ▁University ▁and ▁cul min ating ▁in ▁his ▁selection ▁as ▁the ▁top ▁pick ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁NBA ▁draft . ▁The ▁film ▁premier ed ▁on ▁Show time ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Books ▁ ▁The ▁Holy ▁Gra il ▁of ▁Ho ops : ▁One ▁F an ’ s ▁Qu est ▁to ▁Bu y ▁the ▁Original ▁R ules ▁of ▁Basketball ▁( S ports ▁Publishing , ▁New ▁York , ▁NY , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ), ▁after word ▁by ▁Bill ▁Self ▁ ▁Articles ▁ ▁" A ▁Love ▁Let ter ▁To ▁The ▁N ike ▁Air ▁Max ▁ 1 … " ▁Nice ▁K icks , ▁March ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : American ▁document ary ▁film m akers ▁Category : R ol ling ▁Stone ▁people ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁Kansas ▁City , ▁Missouri ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Kansas ▁al umn i ▁Category : City ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁al umn i ▁Category : Art ists ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City <0x0A> </s> ▁Fin an cial ▁Super vis ory ▁Author ity ▁( , ▁FI ) ▁is ▁the ▁Swedish ▁government ▁ag ency ▁responsible ▁for ▁financial ▁reg ulation ▁in ▁Sweden . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁o vers ight , ▁reg ulation ▁and ▁author isation ▁of ▁financial ▁mark ets ▁and ▁their ▁participants . ▁ ▁The ▁ag |
ency ▁falls ▁under ▁the ▁Swedish ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Fin ance ▁and ▁regul ates ▁all ▁organis ations ▁that ▁provide ▁financial ▁services ▁in ▁Sweden . ▁ ▁History ▁FI ▁was ▁formed ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁single ▁integrated ▁reg ulator ▁covering ▁bank ing , ▁se cur ities , ▁and ▁ins urance ▁in ▁Sweden . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁done ▁with ▁the ▁mer ging ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁bank ing ▁and ▁ins urance ▁super vis ory ▁bodies , ▁the ▁Bank ▁Ins pect or ate ▁() ▁and ▁the ▁In sur ance ▁Super vision ▁Author ity ▁( ). ▁ ▁Res p ons ib ilities ▁FI ' s ▁primary ▁responsibility ▁is ▁market ▁stability ▁and ▁the ▁monitoring ▁of ▁financial ▁mark ets ▁and ▁participants . ▁ ▁It ▁also ▁has ▁a ▁responsibility ▁to ▁provide ▁consumer ▁protection ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁financial ▁products . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁its ▁tasks ▁is ▁monitoring ▁for ▁inst ability ▁that ▁will ▁neg atively ▁affect ▁the ▁Swedish ▁financial ▁system . ▁ ▁If ▁it ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁this ▁is ▁the ▁case ▁it ▁has ▁a ▁duty ▁to ▁report ▁that ▁to ▁the ▁Swedish ▁government ▁who ▁are ▁responsible ▁for ▁taking ▁any ▁action . ▁ ▁The ▁authority ▁has ▁three ▁main ▁activities : ▁▁ ▁Issue ▁of ▁perm its ▁to ▁companies ▁that ▁wish ▁to ▁provide ▁financial ▁services ▁ ▁Design ing ▁rules ▁and ▁reg ulations ▁for ▁financial ▁activities ▁ ▁Super vision ▁of ▁these ▁rules ▁and ▁the ▁performance ▁of ▁risk ▁assess ments ▁ ▁Organisation ▁structure ▁FI ▁is ▁a ▁Swedish ▁government ▁central ▁administrative ▁authority ▁that ▁falls ▁under ▁the ▁Swedish ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Fin ance . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁run ▁by ▁an ▁eight |
- member ▁board ▁which ▁is ▁appointed ▁by ▁the ▁government . ▁ ▁This ▁includes ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁ag ency , ▁the ▁Director ▁General . ▁ ▁Erik ▁Th ed é en ▁became ▁the ▁Director ▁General ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Director ▁Gener als ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 5 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 9 : ▁Martin ▁Anders son ▁ ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁– ▁ 1 4 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 9 : ▁Eric ▁Sa ers ▁( Act ing ▁Director ▁General ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁– ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 8 : ▁In grid ▁Bon de ▁▁ 1 9 9 3 – 2 0 0 2 : ▁Cla es ▁Nor gren ▁▁ 1 9 9 1 – 1 9 9 3 : ▁Anders ▁S ahl én ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Fin an cial ▁reg ulation ▁ ▁Government ▁ag encies ▁in ▁Sweden ▁ ▁Sec ur ities ▁Commission ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁in ▁English ▁▁ ▁Fin an cial ▁Super vis ory ▁Author ity ▁Sweden ▁Fin an cial ▁Super vis ory ▁Author ity ▁Category : Reg ulation ▁in ▁Sweden <0x0A> </s> ▁B oden ▁( , ▁out dated ly ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁local ity ▁and ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁B oden ▁Municip ality ▁in ▁Nor rb ot ten ▁County , ▁Sweden ▁with ▁ 1 8 , 2 7 7 ▁inhabitants ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁larger ▁area ▁around ▁coast al ▁city ▁L ule å ▁some ▁ ▁sout heast |
. ▁Al ong side ▁Kir una , ▁it ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁largest ▁towns ▁in ▁Northern ▁Sweden ' s ▁interior . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁town ▁of ▁B oden ▁started ▁as ▁a ▁railway ▁j unction ▁where ▁the ▁Northern ▁Line ▁( N or ra ▁st amb an an , ▁opened ▁ 1 8 9 4 ) ▁met ▁with ▁the ▁O re ▁Line ▁( M alm ban an ) ▁from ▁the ▁rich ▁iron ▁ore ▁fields ▁in ▁northern ▁Sweden . ▁ ▁The ▁town ▁experienced ▁increased ▁growth ▁when ▁the ▁B oden ▁Fort ress ▁was ▁constructed ▁in ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century . ▁The ▁purpose ▁of ▁the ▁for tr ess ▁was ▁to ▁defend ▁Sweden ▁from ▁a ▁possible ▁attack ▁from ▁the ▁east , ▁where ▁Russia ▁was ▁considered ▁the ▁most ▁dangerous ▁threat . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁official ▁writ ings ▁about ▁B oden , ▁was ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 5 0 0 ~ ▁tax ▁paper , ▁where ▁the ▁mention ▁of ▁" B oden ▁village " ▁with ▁ 7 ▁homes . ▁B oden ▁got ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁city ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁This ▁title ▁became ▁ob sole te ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁and ▁B oden ▁is ▁now ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁B oden ▁Municip ality . ▁ ▁Indust ry ▁ ▁Today ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁B oden ▁is ▁still ▁a ▁military ▁strong hold , ▁and ▁houses ▁the ▁largest ▁g arrison ▁of ▁the ▁Swedish ▁Army . ▁ ▁The ▁army ▁and ▁the ▁municipality ▁are ▁the ▁two ▁largest ▁employ ers ▁in ▁B oden . |
▁As ▁the ▁military ▁is ▁continu ously ▁dis arm ing , ▁with ▁the ▁five ▁reg iments ▁un ited ▁into ▁one ▁g arrison , ▁the ▁population ▁has ▁decre ased ▁by ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁people ▁over ▁the ▁past ▁ten ▁years . ▁ ▁The ▁famous ▁F äll kn iven ▁kn ives ▁are ▁from ▁B oden . ▁ ▁Well - known ▁B oden ▁citizens , ▁former ▁or ▁current ▁▁ ▁Peter ▁Eng l und , ▁author , ▁historian , ▁P erman ent ▁secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Swedish ▁Academy ▁( 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Karl ▁Fab r ici us , ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁ ▁Stefan ▁G unn ar sson , ▁singer , ▁piano ▁player ▁ ▁E y v ind ▁Johnson , ▁author , ▁Nobel ▁Prize ▁winner ▁in ▁literature ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁ ▁L enn art ▁K lock are , ▁politician ▁ ▁Daniel ▁Lar sson , ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁ ▁Johann a ▁Lar sson , ▁tennis ▁player ▁ ▁E lias ▁Lind holm , ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁ ▁Jon na ▁Lö f gren , ▁drum mer ▁with ▁Glas ve gas ▁ ▁St ig ▁Str öm holm , ▁professor , ▁re ctor ▁magnific us ▁ ▁O sk ar ▁Sund q v ist , ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁for ▁the ▁St . ▁Louis ▁Blues ▁ ▁St ig ▁Sund q v ist , ▁football ▁player ▁ ▁St ig ▁Syn ner gren , ▁former ▁Swedish ▁Supreme ▁Commander ▁ ▁S ven ▁Ut ter ström , ▁sk ier ▁ ▁Nic las ▁Wall in , ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁ |
▁Hans ▁Wall mark , ▁politician ▁ ▁B rolle , ▁singer ▁ ▁Tommy ▁Joh ans son , ▁singer , ▁guitar ist ▁of ▁the ▁bands ▁Maj est ica ▁( former ly ▁Rein X eed ) ▁and ▁Sab aton ▁ ▁International ▁relations ▁ ▁T win ▁towns ▁and ▁sister ▁cities ▁B oden ▁is ▁tw inned ▁with : ▁ ▁Al ta , ▁Norway ▁ ▁H ak k ari , ▁Turkey ▁ ▁Sports ▁The ▁following ▁sports ▁clubs ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁B oden : ▁▁ ▁Bod ens ▁B K ▁ ▁Hed ens ▁IF ▁ ▁Sk ogs å ▁IF ▁▁ ▁Vitt jär vs ▁I K ▁ ▁Bod ens ▁H F ▁ ▁B oden ▁Hand bol l ▁IF ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁B oden ▁Municip ality ▁Category : N or rb ot ten ▁Category : M unicip al ▁seats ▁of ▁Nor rb ot ten ▁County ▁Category : S wed ish ▁municipal ▁seats ▁ ▁fi : B oden in ▁kun ta <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁Tod d ▁A kin ▁( born ▁July ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁politician ▁and ▁business man ▁who ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁for ▁, ▁serving ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁A kin ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁Gre ater ▁St . ▁Louis ▁area . ▁After ▁receiving ▁his ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁from ▁Wor c ester ▁Poly techn ic |
▁Institute ▁in ▁Massachusetts , ▁A kin ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁Corps ▁of ▁Engine ers ▁and ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁private ▁sector ▁in ▁the ▁computer ▁and ▁steel ▁indust ries . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Missouri ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives . ▁He ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁house ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁served ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁A kin ' s ▁Cong r essional ▁career ▁ended ▁after ▁he ▁lost ▁a ▁bid ▁to ▁un se at ▁Democratic ▁U . S . ▁Senator ▁Cla ire ▁McC ask ill ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁election . ▁A kin , ▁who ▁had ▁won ▁the ▁Republican ▁primary ▁in ▁a ▁crow ded ▁field , ▁led ▁McC ask ill ▁in ▁pre - e lection ▁pol ls ▁until ▁he ▁said ▁that ▁women ▁who ▁are ▁vict ims ▁of ▁what ▁he ▁called ▁" leg it imate ▁ra pe " ▁rarely ▁get ▁pre gn ant . ▁A kin ▁eventually ▁apolog ized ▁for ▁the ▁remark ▁but ▁re buff ed ▁calls ▁to ▁withdraw ▁from ▁the ▁election . ▁He ▁lost ▁to ▁McC ask ill ▁by ▁ 5 4 . 7 ▁percent ▁to ▁ 3 9 . 2 ▁percent . ▁In ▁a ▁book ▁published ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁A kin ▁said ▁that ▁he ▁reg rett ed ▁apolog izing ▁and ▁def ended ▁his ▁original ▁comments . ▁ ▁Early ▁life , ▁education , ▁and ▁business |
▁career ▁A kin ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁the ▁St . ▁Louis ▁area . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Nancy ▁Perry ▁( née ▁Big el ow ) ▁and ▁Paul ▁Big el ow ▁A kin . ▁ ▁A kin ' s ▁great - grand father , ▁Thomas ▁Russell ▁A kin , ▁founded ▁L acle de ▁Ste el ▁Corporation ▁of ▁St . ▁Louis ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 . ▁The ▁company ▁eventually ▁passed ▁to ▁his ▁grand father , ▁William ▁A kin , ▁and ▁then ▁to ▁his ▁father ▁Paul , ▁a ▁third - gener ation ▁gradu ate ▁of ▁Harvard ▁University ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁officer ▁in ▁the ▁Navy ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁ ▁A kin ▁graduated ▁from ▁John ▁B urr ough s ▁School , ▁a ▁private ▁prep ▁school ▁in ▁sub urban ▁St . ▁Louis , ▁and ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁attend ▁Wor c ester ▁Poly techn ic ▁Institute ▁in ▁Wor c ester , ▁Massachusetts , ▁ear ning ▁a ▁B . S . ▁in ▁Management ▁Engineering ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁ ▁After ▁gradu ation , ▁A kin ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁engineer ▁officer ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Guard ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army , ▁then ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Army ▁Reserve ▁until ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁After ▁leaving ▁active ▁duty , ▁A kin ▁sold ▁large ▁computer ▁systems ▁for ▁IBM , ▁then ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁manager ▁in ▁his ▁family ' s ▁steel ▁business . ▁ ▁A kin ▁earned ▁a ▁Master ▁of ▁Div inity ▁degree ▁in ▁ 1 9 |
8 4 ▁from ▁C oven ant ▁The ological ▁Sem inary ▁where ▁he ▁studied ▁Greek , ▁Heb rew , ▁and ▁a ▁soci ally ▁conserv ative ▁interpretation ▁of ▁the ▁Christian ▁script ures . ▁He ▁did ▁not ▁enter ▁the ▁min istry . ▁ ▁A kin ▁is ▁a ▁long time ▁anti - ab ort ion ▁activ ist ▁and ▁former ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁Missouri ▁Right ▁to ▁Life . ▁He ▁was ▁arrested ▁for ▁tres pass ▁at ▁least ▁eight ▁times ▁between ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁while ▁demonstr ating ▁against ▁abort ion ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁abort ion ▁clin ics ▁in ▁Illinois ▁and ▁Missouri . ▁He ▁has ▁said ▁the ▁protest s ▁were ▁peace ful ▁and ▁he ▁would ▁not ▁apolog ize ▁for ▁standing ▁up ▁for ▁his ▁belief s . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁arr ests , ▁he ▁was ▁using ▁the ▁name ▁" Will iam ▁A kin "; ▁after ▁that ▁period , ▁when ▁he ▁ran ▁for ▁political ▁office , ▁it ▁was ▁as ▁" T odd ▁A kin ". ▁ ▁Missouri ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁ ▁E lections ▁A kin ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Missouri ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁running ▁uno pp osed ▁to ▁represent ▁District ▁ 8 5 ▁in ▁West ▁County . ▁He ▁won ▁re - e lection ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁with ▁ 5 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁Due ▁to ▁re - d istrict ing , ▁A kin ▁represented ▁District ▁ 8 6 ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁through ▁ 2 0 |
0 0 , ▁never ▁winning ▁less ▁than ▁ 6 6 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁ ▁Ten ure ▁A kin ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁W ays ▁and ▁Me ans ▁Committee . ▁During ▁his ▁ 1 2 ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁house , ▁A kin ▁advoc ated ▁for ▁hom esch ool ▁rights , ▁voted ▁for ▁carrying ▁conce aled ▁weapons , ▁voted ▁against ▁the ▁par ks ▁and ▁so ils ▁sales ▁tax , ▁and ▁voted ▁against ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁tax ▁increase ▁and ▁education ▁sp ending ▁increase . ▁A kin ▁spons ored ▁legisl ation ▁to ▁prohib it ▁cas ino ▁companies ▁from ▁contrib uting ▁to ▁Missouri ▁state ▁law m akers . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁he ▁fought ▁Democratic ▁Governor ▁Mel ▁Car nah an ▁over ▁a ▁bill ▁providing ▁state ▁fund ing ▁for ▁school ▁n urs es . ▁Ult imately , ▁the ▁governor ▁refused ▁to ▁sign ▁the ▁fund ing ▁bill ▁due ▁to ▁A kin ' s ▁am end ment , ▁which ▁would ▁have ▁prohib ited ▁n urs es ▁from ▁telling ▁students ▁about ▁sources ▁for ▁information ▁about ▁abort ion . ▁ ▁U . S . ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁ ▁E lections ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁A kin ▁ran ▁in ▁the ▁Republican ▁primary ▁election ▁to ▁fill ▁the ▁House ▁seat ▁vac ated ▁by ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁Jim ▁Tal ent , ▁who ▁was ▁running ▁for ▁governor . ▁Light ▁vot er ▁turn out ▁caused ▁by ▁heavy ▁ra ins ▁helped ▁A kin ▁win ▁the ▁tight , ▁five - way ▁primary ▁by |
▁just ▁ 5 6 ▁votes ; ▁he ▁defeated ▁two ▁better - known ▁candidates , ▁former ▁St . ▁Louis ▁County ▁Executive ▁Gene ▁Mc N ary ▁and ▁State ▁Senator ▁Franc ▁Fl ot ron . ▁On ▁the ▁night ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁primary , ▁A kin ▁said , ▁" My ▁base ▁will ▁show ▁up ▁in ▁earth qu akes ." ▁He ▁defeated ▁Democratic ▁State ▁Senator ▁Ted ▁House ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁election , ▁winning ▁ 5 5 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁He ▁never ▁faced ▁another ▁contest ▁as ▁close , ▁and ▁was ▁re elect ed ▁five ▁times . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁A kin ▁won ▁re - e lection ▁with ▁ 6 7 . 9 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁He ▁had ▁been ▁challeng ed ▁for ▁the ▁seat ▁by ▁Democratic ▁nom ine e ▁Arthur ▁Lie ber , ▁Libert arian ▁nom ine e ▁Steve ▁Mos bach er , ▁and ▁write - in ▁candidate ▁Patrick ▁M . ▁C annon . ▁ ▁Ten ure ▁A kin ▁earned ▁a ▁ 9 6 % ▁rating ▁from ▁the ▁American ▁Conserv ative ▁Union ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁and ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁For ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁ten ure , ▁A kin ▁was ▁listed ▁in ▁the ▁official ▁House ▁roll ▁as ▁" R - St . ▁Louis ," ▁even ▁though ▁his ▁district ▁didn ' t ▁include ▁any ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁St . ▁Louis . ▁ ▁Social ▁issues ▁A kin ▁is ▁an ▁out sp oken ▁oppon ent ▁of ▁abort ion ▁in ▁all |
▁cases , ▁including ▁health ▁reasons ▁or ▁in ▁cases ▁of ▁ra pe ▁or ▁inc est , ▁and ▁he ▁oppos es ▁emb ry onic ▁stem ▁cell ▁research . ▁In ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁speech ▁on ▁the ▁House ▁floor , ▁A kin ▁called ▁abort ion ▁prov iders ▁" ter ror ists " ▁and ▁alleg ed ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁" common ▁practice " ▁for ▁abort ion ▁prov iders ▁to ▁perform ▁" ab ort ions " ▁on ▁women ▁who ▁were ▁not ▁actually ▁pre gn ant . ▁ ▁A kin ▁is ▁a ▁supp orter ▁of ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁keep ▁and ▁bear ▁arms ▁and ▁has ▁an ▁A ▁rating ▁from ▁the ▁National ▁R if le ▁Association . ▁A kin ▁has ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁supported ▁many ▁b ills ▁including ▁the ▁Second ▁Am end ment ▁S over e ig nt y ▁Act ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁The ▁Sports men ' s ▁Heritage ▁Act ▁and ▁the ▁Dis aster ▁Rec overy ▁Personal ▁Prote ction ▁Act . ▁A kin ▁is ▁a ▁sta unch ▁advoc ate ▁of ▁a ▁federal ▁prohib ition ▁of ▁online ▁pok er . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁he ▁co - sp ons ored ▁H . R . ▁ 4 4 1 1 , ▁the ▁Good lat te - Le ach ▁Internet ▁G amb ling ▁Pro hib ition ▁Act , ▁and ▁H . R . ▁ 4 7 7 7 , ▁the ▁Internet ▁G amb ling ▁Pro hib ition ▁Act . ▁ ▁A kin ▁also ▁author ed ▁the ▁Prote ct ▁the ▁P ledge ▁( of ▁Al |
leg iance ) ▁Act . ▁In ▁late ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁A kin ▁object ed ▁to ▁N BC ' s ▁recent ▁removal ▁of ▁the ▁words ▁" under ▁God " ▁from ▁a ▁video ▁clip ▁of ▁school ▁children ▁rec iting ▁the ▁P ledge ▁of ▁Al leg iance . ▁After ▁remark ing ▁that ▁" N BC ▁has ▁a ▁long ▁record ▁of ▁being ▁very ▁liberal ," ▁A kin ▁said , ▁" at ▁the ▁heart ▁of ▁liberal ism ▁really ▁is ▁a ▁hat red ▁for ▁God ▁and ▁a ▁belief ▁that ▁government ▁should ▁replace ▁God ". ▁Two ▁days ▁later , ▁A kin ▁said ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁mean ▁all ▁liber als ▁hate ▁God , ▁only ▁that ▁liber als ▁have ▁" a ▁hat red ▁for ▁public ▁references ▁for ▁God ." ▁The ▁next ▁day , ▁he ▁apolog ized , ▁saying ▁his ▁statement ▁had ▁been ▁" direct ed ▁at ▁the ▁political ▁movement , ▁Liberal ism , ▁not ▁at ▁any ▁specific ▁individual ". ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁US ▁Senate ▁bid , ▁A kin ▁re aff ir med ▁his ▁opposition ▁to ▁legisl ation ▁like ▁the ▁L illy ▁Led bet ter ▁Fair ▁Pay ▁Act ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁which ▁he ▁voted ▁against ▁as ▁a ▁Congress man . ▁ ▁Tod d ▁A kin ▁is ▁an ▁oppon ent ▁of ▁the ▁No ▁Child ▁Left ▁Be hind ▁Act . ▁A kin ▁bel ieves ▁that ▁it ▁should ▁not ▁be ▁the ▁federal ▁government ▁that ▁dec ides ▁on ▁education , ▁but ▁that ▁local ▁government ▁should ▁have ▁control ▁over ▁public ▁education . ▁ ▁On ▁MS |
N BC , ▁Tod d ▁A kin ▁oppos es ▁evolution . ▁He ▁was ▁running ▁for ▁the ▁sen ate ▁seat ▁in ▁Missouri ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁He ▁has ▁said ▁" I ▁take ▁a ▁look ▁at ▁both ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁thing ▁and ▁it ▁seems ▁to ▁me ▁that ▁evolution ▁takes ▁a ▁trem end ous ▁amount ▁of ▁faith . ▁I ▁don ' t ▁even ▁see ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁matter ▁of ▁science ▁because ▁I ▁don ' t ▁know ▁if ▁you ▁can ▁prove .... ". ▁ ▁F is cal ▁issues ▁In ▁his ▁early ▁years ▁in ▁Congress , ▁A kin ▁brought ▁back ▁ear marks ▁for ▁his ▁district , ▁voted ▁to ▁raise ▁the ▁deb t ▁ce iling , ▁voted ▁for ▁off - bal ance - sheet ▁wars ▁in ▁Ira q ▁and ▁Afghan istan , ▁and ▁voted ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁un fund ed ▁Medic are ▁pres cription ▁drug ▁benefit . ▁More ▁recently , ▁he ▁has ▁opposed ▁increases ▁in ▁tax ation ▁and ▁sp ending . ▁He ▁voted ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁against ▁an ▁expansion ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁Children ' s ▁Health ▁In sur ance ▁Program ▁( S CH IP ), ▁object ing ▁to ▁its ▁potential ▁coverage ▁of ▁children ▁in ▁families ▁making ▁up ▁to ▁$ 6 2 , 0 0 0 ▁a ▁year , ▁and ▁stating ▁that ▁proof ▁of ▁U . S . ▁citizens hip ▁was ▁not ▁required . ▁He ▁also ▁said ▁the ▁bill ▁would ▁" we aken ▁the ▁private ▁health ▁care ▁system " ▁and ▁lead ▁the ▁country ▁" fur ther ▁down ▁the ▁sli pp ery ▁slope ▁to ▁social ized ▁medicine ." |
▁He ▁has ▁voted ▁against ▁feder ally ▁fund ed ▁school ▁breakfast s ▁and ▁l unch es , ▁and ▁called ▁student ▁lo ans ▁" a ▁stage - three ▁cancer ▁of ▁social ism ". ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁voted ▁against ▁increasing ▁the ▁minimum ▁w age . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁vocal ▁critic ▁of ▁the ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁bank ▁b ail out , ▁and ▁voted ▁against ▁it . ▁He ▁voted ▁no ▁on ▁the ▁Aff ord able ▁Health ▁Care ▁Act ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁and ▁on ▁Paul ▁Ryan ' s ▁fis cal ▁year ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁budget . ▁ ▁Military ▁issues ▁A kin ▁has ▁spent ▁time ▁working ▁on ▁military ▁and ▁veter ans ▁issues . ▁On ▁the ▁House ▁Ar med ▁Services ▁Committee ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Chair man ▁of ▁the ▁Se ap ower ▁and ▁Pro jection ▁Forces ▁Sub comm ittee , ▁which ▁handles ▁Navy ▁and ▁Air ▁Force ▁issues . ▁He ▁has ▁served ▁as ▁Rank ing ▁Republican ▁on ▁the ▁Se ap ower ▁Sub comm ittee ▁and ▁the ▁O vers ight ▁and ▁Investig ations ▁Sub comm ittee . ▁A kin ▁has ▁also ▁introduced ▁veter ans - related ▁b ills , ▁most ▁not ably ▁the ▁Open ▁Burn ▁Pit ▁Reg istry ▁Act , ▁which ▁creates ▁a ▁registry ▁for ▁Ira q ▁and ▁ ▁Afghan istan ▁ ▁veter ans ▁who ▁were ▁exposed ▁to ▁burn ▁p its . ▁He ▁opposed ▁repe al ▁of ▁the ▁D over ▁Policy , ▁which ▁b anned ▁media ▁coverage ▁of ▁c ask ets ▁of ▁troops ▁returning ▁home ▁from ▁over se as , ▁cit ing ▁priv |
acy ▁and ▁decor um ▁issues . ▁ ▁Committee ▁assign ments ▁ ▁Committee ▁on ▁Ar med ▁Services ▁ ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁T act ical ▁Air ▁and ▁Land ▁Forces ▁ ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁Se ap ower ▁and ▁Ex ped ition ary ▁Forces ▁( Ch air man ) ▁ ▁Committee ▁on ▁the ▁Bud get ▁ ▁Committee ▁on ▁Science , ▁Space ▁and ▁Technology ▁ ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁Space ▁and ▁Aer onaut ics ▁ ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁Energy ▁and ▁Environment ▁ ▁C au cus ▁members hips ▁ ▁Republican ▁Study ▁Committee ▁ ▁Te a ▁Party ▁C au cus ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁U . S . ▁Senate ▁election ▁ ▁In ▁mid - May ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁A kin ▁announced ▁he ▁would ▁seek ▁the ▁Republican ▁nom ination ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁to ▁un se at ▁Democratic ▁Senator ▁Cla ire ▁McC ask ill . ▁Other ▁candidates ▁in ▁the ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Republican ▁primary ▁included ▁business man ▁John ▁Brun ner , ▁author ▁and ▁business ▁executive ▁Mark ▁Mem oly , ▁and ▁former ▁Missouri ▁Tre as urer ▁Sarah ▁Ste el man ▁who ▁had ▁backing ▁from ▁the ▁TE A ▁Party . ▁Despite ▁losing ▁some ▁momentum ▁and ▁in ▁a ▁crow ded ▁field , ▁A kin ▁won ▁the ▁Republican ▁nom ination ▁in ▁the ▁August ▁ 7 ▁open ▁primary , ▁ 3 6 % ▁to ▁ 3 0 % ▁for ▁his ▁nearest ▁ch allen ger . ▁The ▁Cla ire ▁McC ask ill ▁campaign ▁spent ▁$ 2 mill ion ▁during ▁the ▁prim aries , ▁despite |
▁not ▁having ▁a ▁primary ▁oppon ent . ▁That ▁money ▁was ▁spent ▁on ▁advert ising ▁tout ing ▁A kin ▁as ▁" To o ▁conserv ative ," ▁for ▁Missouri . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁National ▁Journal ▁named ▁A kin ▁one ▁of ▁ten ▁Republic ans ▁to ▁follow ▁on ▁Twitter . ▁ ▁A kin ▁faced ▁McC ask ill ▁and ▁Libert arian ▁nom ine e ▁Jonathan ▁D ine ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁election , ▁losing ▁to ▁McC ask ill ▁after ▁his ▁controvers ial ▁comments ▁on ▁ra pe ▁lost ▁him ▁a ▁great ▁deal ▁of ▁support . ▁ ▁Home ▁of ▁record ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁questions ▁were ▁raised ▁about ▁A kin ' s ▁official ▁address ▁for ▁voting . ▁For ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁political ▁career , ▁A kin ▁had ▁claimed ▁Town ▁and ▁Country ▁as ▁his ▁official ▁residence . ▁However , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Associ ated ▁Press ▁and ▁ ▁the ▁St . ▁Louis ▁Post - Dispatch , ▁A kin ▁moved ▁to ▁Wild wood , ▁in ▁far ▁western ▁St . ▁Louis ▁County , ▁som etime ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁after ▁he ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁purchased ▁a ▁second ▁home ▁there . ▁However , ▁he ▁continued ▁to ▁vote ▁as ▁a ▁Town ▁and ▁Country ▁resident , ▁and ▁signed ▁a ▁pol ling ▁place ▁log book ▁att est ing ▁to ▁his ▁living ▁there ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁local ▁news ▁interview , ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁discuss ing ▁abort |
ion , ▁A kin ▁claimed ▁that ▁vict ims ▁of ▁what ▁he ▁described ▁as ▁" leg it imate ▁ra pe " ▁very ▁rarely ▁become ▁pre gn ant . ▁Air ing ▁on ▁St . ▁Louis ▁television ▁station ▁K TV I , ▁his ▁response ▁to ▁a ▁question ▁on ▁ra pe ▁exceptions ▁for ▁abort ion ▁was : ▁ ▁Well ▁you ▁know , ▁people ▁always ▁want ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁make ▁that ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁those ▁things , ▁well ▁how ▁do ▁you , ▁how ▁do ▁you ▁slice ▁this ▁particularly ▁t ough ▁sort ▁of ▁eth ical ▁question . ▁First ▁of ▁all , ▁from ▁what ▁I ▁understand ▁from ▁do ctors , ▁that ' s ▁really ▁rare . ▁If ▁it ' s ▁a ▁legit imate ▁ra pe , ▁the ▁female ▁body ▁has ▁ways ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁shut ▁that ▁whole ▁thing ▁down . ▁But ▁let ' s ▁assume ▁that ▁maybe ▁that ▁didn ' t ▁work ▁or ▁something . ▁I ▁think ▁there ▁should ▁be ▁some ▁pun ishment , ▁but ▁the ▁pun ishment ▁ought ▁to ▁be ▁on ▁the ▁rap ist ▁and ▁not ▁attack ing ▁the ▁child . ▁ ▁The ▁comments ▁from ▁A kin , ▁which ▁came ▁as ▁he ▁ran ▁for ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Senate ▁seat ▁held ▁by ▁Cla ire ▁McC ask ill , ▁almost ▁immediately ▁led ▁to ▁w ides p read ▁up ro ar . ▁The ▁term ▁" leg it imate ▁ra pe " ▁was ▁called ▁" lo ath some " ▁because ▁it ▁suggests ▁that ▁" there ▁are ▁different ▁categories ▁of ▁ra pe ▁— ▁some ▁real ▁and ▁awful ▁and ▁others ▁that ▁are ▁not |
". ▁ ▁O thers ▁took ▁exception ▁to ▁the ▁phr asing ▁because ▁it ▁suggests ▁that ▁the ▁vict ims ▁who ▁do ▁become ▁pre gn ant ▁from ▁ra pe ▁may ▁be ▁lying . ▁His ▁claims ▁about ▁the ▁lik elihood ▁of ▁pre gn ancy ▁resulting ▁from ▁ra pe ▁were ▁seen ▁by ▁some ▁as ▁being ▁based ▁on ▁fr inge ▁ideas ▁like ▁stress - indu ced ▁mis car riage ▁or ▁Dr . ▁John ▁C . ▁Will ke ' s ▁" sp astic ▁tub es " ▁theory ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁and ▁tra uma - based ▁theory ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁These ▁theories ▁are ▁not ▁accepted ▁by ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁scientific ▁and ▁medical ▁community . ▁A kin ▁was ▁not ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁make ▁such ▁claims , ▁but ▁was ▁perhaps ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁recently ▁prominent . ▁ ▁The ▁comment ▁was ▁widely ▁character ized ▁as ▁mis og yn istic ▁and ▁reck lessly ▁in ac cur ate , ▁with ▁many ▁comment ators ▁remark ing ▁on ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁words ▁" leg it imate ▁ra pe ". ▁Rel ated ▁news ▁articles ▁c ited ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁article ▁in ▁an ▁obst et rics ▁and ▁gy ne col ogy ▁journal , ▁which ▁found ▁that ▁ 5 % ▁of ▁women ▁who ▁were ▁ra ped ▁became ▁pre gn ant , ▁which ▁equ aled ▁about ▁ 3 2 , 0 0 0 ▁pre gn an cies ▁each ▁year ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁alone . ▁ ▁A ▁separate ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁article ▁in ▁the ▁journal ▁Human |
▁Nature ▁estimated ▁that ▁ra pes ▁are ▁twice ▁as ▁likely ▁to ▁result ▁in ▁pre gn an cies ▁as ▁cons ens ual ▁sex . ▁ ▁While ▁some ▁colle agues ▁such ▁as ▁Iowa ▁con gress man ▁Steve ▁King ▁and ▁Tennessee ▁state ▁sen ator ▁St ace y ▁Camp field ▁supported ▁A kin , ▁senior ▁figures ▁in ▁both ▁parties ▁condem ned ▁his ▁remarks ▁and ▁some ▁Republic ans ▁called ▁for ▁him ▁to ▁res ign . ▁In ▁the ▁resulting ▁fur or , ▁A kin ▁received ▁w ides p read ▁calls ▁to ▁drop ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁Senate ▁race ▁from ▁both ▁Republic ans ▁and ▁Democr ats . ▁ ▁A kin ▁apolog ized ▁for ▁his ▁g aff e , ▁saying ▁he ▁" miss po ke ." ▁His ▁campaign ▁ran ▁an ▁advert is ement ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁asked ▁vot ers ▁to ▁forg ive ▁him , ▁saying : ▁ ▁R ape ▁is ▁an ▁evil ▁act . ▁I ▁used ▁the ▁wrong ▁words ▁in ▁the ▁wrong ▁way ▁and ▁for ▁that ▁I ▁apolog ize . ▁As ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁two ▁daughters , ▁I ▁want ▁t ough ▁justice ▁for ▁pred ators . ▁I ▁have ▁a ▁comp ass ion ate ▁heart ▁for ▁the ▁vict ims ▁of ▁sexual ▁assault . ▁I ▁pray ▁for ▁them . ▁The ▁fact ▁is , ▁ra pe ▁can ▁lead ▁to ▁pre gn ancy . ▁The ▁truth ▁is , ▁ra pe ▁has ▁many ▁vict ims . ▁The ▁mistake ▁I ▁made ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁words ▁I ▁said , ▁not ▁in ▁the ▁heart ▁I ▁hold . ▁I ▁ask ▁for ▁your ▁forg iveness . ▁ ▁The ▁incident ▁was ▁seen ▁as ▁having |
▁an ▁impact ▁on ▁A kin ' s ▁sen ate ▁race ▁and ▁the ▁Republic ans ' ▁ch ances ▁of ▁gain ing ▁a ▁majority ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Senate , ▁by ▁making ▁news ▁in ▁the ▁week ▁before ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Republican ▁National ▁Convention ▁and ▁by ▁" shift [ ing ] ▁the ▁national ▁discussion ▁to ▁divis ive ▁social ▁issues ▁that ▁could ▁rep el ▁swing ▁vot ers ▁rather ▁than ▁economic ▁issues ▁that ▁could ▁attract ▁them ". ▁ ▁E lection ▁result ▁Before ▁the ▁comments , ▁A kin ▁had ▁been ▁fav ored ▁to ▁win ▁his ▁race ▁against ▁McC ask ill , ▁but ▁he ▁lost ▁in ▁November , ▁ 5 4 . 7 ▁percent ▁to ▁ 3 9 . 2 ▁percent . ▁His ▁loss ▁was ▁attributed ▁to ▁back l ash ▁from ▁women ▁vot ers . ▁After ▁the ▁election , ▁between ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁A kin ▁received ▁$ 1 1 1 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁don ations ▁that ▁in ▁part ▁were ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Senate ▁prim aries . ▁ ▁After math ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁A kin ' s ▁book , ▁F iring ▁Back : ▁T aking ▁on ▁the ▁Party ▁B oss es ▁and ▁Media ▁El ite ▁to ▁Prote ct ▁Our ▁Fa ith ▁and ▁Fre edom , ▁was ▁published ▁by ▁W ND ▁Books . ▁In ▁it , ▁he ▁said ▁that ▁he ▁reg rett ed ▁apolog izing , ▁because ▁" by ▁asking ▁the ▁public ▁at ▁large ▁for |
▁forg iveness , ▁I ▁was ▁valid ating ▁the ▁will ful ▁mis inter pret ation ▁of ▁what ▁I ▁had ▁said ." ▁He ▁also ▁def ended ▁his ▁original ▁comments ▁and ▁attacked ▁various ▁Republic ans ▁for ▁" wr ong ing " ▁him , ▁including ▁Karl ▁R ove ; ▁former ▁National ▁Republican ▁Sen atorial ▁Committee ▁Executive ▁Director ▁Rob ▁Jes mer ; ▁Sen ators ▁Mitch ▁Mc Con nell , ▁John ▁Corn yn , ▁John ▁McC ain , ▁Roy ▁Bl unt ▁and ▁Lind sey ▁Graham ; ▁and ▁House ▁Spe aker ▁John ▁Bo eh ner . ▁He ▁also ▁repeatedly ▁attacked ▁the ▁Republican ▁establishment ▁for ▁seeing ▁his ▁comments ▁" as ▁their ▁opportunity ▁to ▁take ▁[ me ] ▁out ▁and ▁select ▁someone ▁more ▁pal atable ▁to ▁their ▁t ast es ", ▁and ▁the ▁" li ber al ▁media " ▁for ▁making ▁him ▁" the ▁target ▁of ▁a ▁media ▁assass ination ." ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁A kin ▁married ▁L ul li ▁Bo e , ▁a ▁gradu ate ▁of ▁H oll ins ▁University , ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁The ▁couple ▁has ▁six ▁children . ▁L ul li ▁became ▁a ▁home ▁school ing ▁activ ist , ▁and ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁children ▁were ▁home - sch oo led . ▁Three ▁sons ▁attended ▁the ▁Naval ▁Academy ▁and ▁became ▁officers ▁in ▁the ▁Mar ines . ▁One ▁of ▁his ▁sons ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁assault ▁on ▁Fall uj ah , ▁Ira q . ▁ ▁A kin ▁enjo ys ▁playing ▁guitar ▁and ▁singing ▁g ospel ▁songs , ▁and ▁over ▁the ▁years , ▁has ▁dressed ▁in ▁Revolution ary |
▁War ▁att ire ▁for ▁Four th ▁of ▁July ▁celebr ations . ▁ ▁A kin ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁lived ▁for ▁many ▁years ▁in ▁his ▁child hood ▁home , ▁a ▁house ▁owned ▁by ▁his ▁father ▁in ▁aff lu ent ▁Town ▁and ▁Country , ▁Missouri . ▁When ▁his ▁father ▁sought ▁to ▁sub div ide ▁the ▁ 8 . 5 - acre ▁property ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 2 0 0 0 s , ▁A kin ▁moved ▁to ▁a ▁house ▁in ▁Wild wood . ▁ ▁Elect oral ▁history ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁U . S . ▁Congress man ▁Tod d ▁A kin ▁official ▁U . S . ▁House ▁site ▁ ▁Tod d ▁A kin ▁for ▁Senate ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁polit icians ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Pres by ter ians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁polit icians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Pres by ter ians ▁Category : Activ ists ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : American ▁Pres by ter ians ▁Category : American ▁anti - ab ort ion ▁activ ists ▁Category : Christ ians ▁from ▁Missouri ▁Category : Christ ians ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : C oven ant ▁The ological ▁Sem inary ▁al umn i ▁Category : IB M ▁employees ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Missouri ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives |
▁from ▁Missouri ▁Category : Miss ouri ▁Republic ans ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁St . ▁Louis ▁County , ▁Missouri ▁Category : Rep ublic an ▁Party ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : Te a ▁Party ▁movement ▁activ ists ▁Category : W or c ester ▁Poly techn ic ▁Institute ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Tu ▁qu o que ▁( ; ▁Latin ▁for ▁" you ▁also "), ▁or ▁the ▁appeal ▁to ▁hyp oc ris y , ▁is ▁an ▁inform al ▁f alla cy ▁that ▁int ends ▁to ▁dis cred it ▁the ▁oppon ent ' s ▁argument ▁by ▁as ser ting ▁the ▁oppon ent ' s ▁failure ▁to ▁act ▁consist ently ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁its ▁conclusion ( s ). ▁The ▁Oxford ▁English ▁Dictionary ▁c ites ▁John ▁Co oke ' s ▁ 1 6 1 4 ▁stage ▁play ▁The ▁C itt ie ▁Gall ant ▁as ▁the ▁earliest ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁in ▁the ▁English ▁language . ▁ ▁The ▁f alla cy ▁ ▁Tu ▁qu o que ▁" argument " ▁follows ▁the ▁pattern : ▁ ▁Person ▁A ▁makes ▁claim ▁X . ▁ ▁Person ▁B ▁as ser ts ▁that ▁A ' s ▁actions ▁or ▁past ▁claims ▁are ▁incons istent ▁with ▁the ▁truth ▁of ▁claim ▁X . ▁ ▁Therefore , ▁X ▁is ▁false . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁f alla cy ▁because ▁the ▁moral ▁character ▁or ▁actions ▁of ▁the ▁oppon ent ▁are ▁generally ▁irrelevant ▁to ▁the ▁logic ▁of ▁the ▁argument . ▁It ▁is ▁often ▁used ▁as ▁a |
▁red ▁her ring ▁t actic ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁special ▁case ▁of ▁the ▁ad ▁hom in em ▁f alla cy , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁category ▁of ▁f alla cies ▁in ▁which ▁a ▁claim ▁or ▁argument ▁is ▁rejected ▁on ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁facts ▁about ▁the ▁person ▁present ing ▁or ▁supporting ▁the ▁claim ▁or ▁argument . ▁ ▁Example ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁trial ▁of ▁Naz i ▁war ▁criminal ▁Klaus ▁Bar bie , ▁the ▁controvers ial ▁lawyer ▁Jacques ▁Ver g ès ▁tried ▁to ▁present ▁what ▁was ▁defined ▁as ▁a ▁Tu ▁Qu o que ▁Def ence — i . e ., ▁that ▁during ▁the ▁Al ger ian ▁War , ▁French ▁officers ▁such ▁as ▁General ▁Jacques ▁Mass u ▁had ▁committed ▁war ▁cr imes ▁similar ▁to ▁those ▁with ▁which ▁Bar bie ▁was ▁being ▁charged , ▁and ▁therefore ▁the ▁French ▁state ▁had ▁no ▁moral ▁right ▁to ▁try ▁Bar bie . ▁This ▁defense ▁was ▁rejected ▁by ▁the ▁court , ▁which ▁conv icted ▁Bar bie . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁And ▁you ▁are ▁l yn ch ing ▁Neg ro es ▁ ▁C lean ▁hands ▁ ▁False ▁equivalence ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Latin ▁phr ases ▁ ▁Psych ological ▁projection ▁ ▁The ▁pot ▁calling ▁the ▁k ett le ▁black ▁ ▁Two ▁wrong s ▁make ▁a ▁right ▁ ▁Victor ' s ▁justice ▁ ▁What about ism ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Tu ▁qu o que ▁f alla cy ▁– ▁Internet ▁Encyclopedia ▁of ▁Philosoph y ▁ ▁Category : H yp oc ris y ▁Category : Lat in ▁words ▁and ▁phr ases ▁Category : Lat in |
▁philosoph ical ▁phr ases ▁Category : Re lev ance ▁f alla cies ▁ ▁bg : Ad ▁hom in em # Т и ▁съ що ▁( tu ▁qu o que ) ▁fr : Argument um ▁ad ▁hom in em # Tu ▁qu o que <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁Neb r aska ▁g ubern atorial ▁election ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁November ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁and ▁featured ▁former ▁Lieutenant ▁Governor ▁Robert ▁B . ▁C ros by , ▁a ▁Republican , ▁defe ating ▁Democratic ▁nom ine e , ▁former ▁state ▁Senator ▁Walter ▁R . ▁R ae cke . ▁ ▁Democratic ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁N ina ▁B . ▁D illing ham ▁Don ▁Mal oney ▁Walter ▁R . ▁R ae cke , ▁former ▁Spe aker ▁of ▁the ▁Neb r aska ▁Legisl ature ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Republican ▁primary ▁ ▁C andid ates ▁Victor ▁E . ▁Anderson , ▁Mayor ▁of ▁Lincoln ▁and ▁former ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Neb r aska ▁Legisl ature ▁Robert ▁B . ▁C ros by , ▁former ▁Lieutenant ▁Governor ▁and ▁Spe aker ▁of ▁the ▁Neb r aska ▁Legisl ature ▁John ▁G . ▁Don ner ▁Andrew ▁E . ▁Sw anson ▁Arthur ▁B . ▁Walker ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁General ▁election ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁G ubern atorial ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁Neb r aska ▁Category : Nov ember ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁events <0x0A> </s> ▁Medical ▁education ▁in ▁France ▁is ▁admin ister ed ▁by ▁the ▁Un ités ▁de ▁formation ▁et ▁de ▁recherche ▁de ▁médec ine ▁( U |
FR ) ▁. ▁ ▁The ▁training ▁takes ▁a ▁minimum ▁of ▁nine ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁b ac cal aur é at ▁and ▁con cludes ▁with ▁a ▁th esis . ▁ ▁Upon ▁successful ▁presentation ▁of ▁their ▁th esis , ▁the ▁medical ▁student ▁is ▁awarded ▁a ▁di pl ôme ▁d ' ét udes ▁spécial is ées ▁( DE S ), ▁based ▁on ▁their ▁special ty . ▁C ertain ▁high - ach ie vers ▁are ▁awarded ▁a ▁di pl ôme ▁d ' ét udes ▁spécial is ées ▁compl ément aire ▁( DE SC ). ▁ ▁French ▁medical ▁training ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁longest ▁study ▁paths ▁in ▁French ▁higher ▁education . ▁It ▁consists ▁of ▁both ▁theoretical ▁and ▁practical ▁training , ▁with ▁a ▁grad ual ▁shift ▁from ▁theory ▁at ▁the ▁beginning , ▁to ▁more ▁practical ▁aspects ▁as ▁training ▁progress es . ▁ ▁Medical ▁students ▁in ▁France ▁are ▁tradition ally ▁known ▁as ▁car ab in ▁( rif le men ) ▁because ▁the ▁uniform s ▁of ▁military ▁medical ▁students ▁res emble d ▁those ▁of ▁Italian ▁rif le men . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ 1 8 th ▁century ▁Under ▁the ▁An ci en ▁Rég ime , ▁medicine ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁four ▁fac ult ies ▁and ▁generally ▁only ▁accessible ▁through ▁the ▁Fac ulté ▁des ▁Arts ▁de ▁Paris . ▁Te aching ▁was ▁mostly ▁theoretical ▁and ▁involved ▁lect ures ▁and ▁read ings ▁from ▁authorities . ▁Pract ical ▁components ▁were ▁gradually ▁introduced ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century . ▁ ▁Until ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 9 , ▁do ctors ▁and ▁sur ge |
ons ▁were ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁separate ▁prof essions . ▁Sur ge ons ▁were ▁known ▁as ▁bar ber ▁sur ge ons . ▁ ▁The ▁university ▁system ▁was ▁abol ished ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 3 ▁and ▁replaced ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁by ▁four ▁medical ▁schools ▁in ▁Paris , ▁Mont pel lier , ▁Bor de aux ▁and ▁Str as bourg . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁Imperial ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 8 , ▁medical ▁schools ▁re open ed ▁their ▁fac ult ies ▁and ▁expanded ▁across ▁France . ▁▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁new ▁practical ▁training ▁schools ▁were ▁established ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁rapid ▁technical ▁evolution ▁of ▁medicine ▁and ▁the ▁medi ocr ity ▁of ▁university ▁theoretical ▁teaching . ▁Accept ance ▁into ▁these ▁practical ▁training ▁programs ▁was ▁restricted ▁and ▁highly ▁sought ▁after , ▁as ▁hosp it als ▁were ▁syn onymous ▁with ▁the ▁el ite . ▁Medical ▁students ▁began ▁to ▁neglect ▁their ▁fac ulty ▁exam in ations ▁to ▁prepare ▁for ▁these ▁practical ▁training ▁entrance ▁exam in ations ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁possible ▁that ▁upon ▁comple ting ▁their ▁studies , ▁they ▁had ▁not ▁seen ▁a ▁single ▁patient . ▁▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁Hospital ▁re forms ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁merged ▁the ▁teaching ▁functions ▁of ▁hosp it als ▁and ▁univers ities , ▁creating ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁University ▁Professor ▁and ▁Hospital ▁Pract ition er ▁( Pro f esseur ▁des ▁univers ités ▁– ▁Pr atic ien ▁hospital ier , ▁P UP H ). ▁One ▁goal ▁of ▁the ▁re forms ▁was |
▁to ▁reduce ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁gradu ates ▁moving ▁to ▁private ▁practice . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁protest s ▁in ▁France , ▁practical ▁training ▁entrance ▁restrictions ▁were ▁removed : ▁all ▁medical ▁students ▁received ▁practical ▁training . ▁Pract ical ▁and ▁theoretical ▁training ▁were ▁finally ▁combined ▁into ▁a ▁single ▁course , ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁ideal ▁of ▁the ▁Centre ▁Hospital ier ▁Univers itaire . ▁Following ▁the ▁Fa ure ▁reform , ▁medical ▁colleg es ▁were ▁integrated ▁into ▁univers ities ▁as ▁U ER ▁( from ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁research ▁and ▁teaching ▁cent res ▁" U FR "). ▁ ▁This ▁reform , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁general ▁population ▁increase , ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁large ▁sur ge ▁in ▁student ▁numbers . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁this ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁fixed ▁number ▁of ▁training ▁places ▁in ▁ex ams ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁year ▁of ▁medical ▁studies ▁ ▁Until ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁any ▁doctor ▁could ▁become ▁a ▁special ist , ▁either ▁by ▁taking ▁the ▁select ive ▁hospital ▁resident ial ▁path way , ▁or ▁by ▁taking ▁the ▁open ▁access ▁university ▁path way ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁lower - status ▁certificate ▁of ▁special ized ▁studies ▁( THE SE ). ▁The ▁result ▁was ▁a ▁two - speed ▁medical ▁system , ▁divided ▁between ▁THE SE ▁gradu ates ▁and ▁“ former ▁intern s ” ▁and ▁“ former ▁senior ▁hospital ▁registr ars ”. ▁ ▁A ▁reform ▁dropped ▁the ▁THE SE ▁medical ▁certific ates , ▁returning ▁to |
▁oblig atory ▁intern ships ▁for ▁the ▁“ ord inal ▁qual ification ” ▁special ists , ▁through ▁diplom as ▁of ▁special ized ▁studies ▁( OF ) ▁to ▁supp lement ▁the ▁di pl oma ▁of ▁Doctor ▁of ▁Medicine . ▁Intern s ▁were ▁required ▁to ▁spend ▁part ▁of ▁their ▁training ▁in ▁a ▁non - ac ade mic ▁“ per i pher al ▁hospital ” ▁belonging ▁to ▁a ▁regional ▁hospital ▁centre ▁( CH R ). ▁ ▁Rec ent ▁changes ▁Until ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁future ▁general ▁pract ition ers ▁did ▁not ▁sit ▁the ▁entrance ▁ex ams ▁for ▁intern ships . ▁ ▁Their ▁second ▁cycle ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁two ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁year ▁“ rés idan at ” ▁( three ▁years ▁for ▁residents ▁starting ▁in ▁or ▁after ▁ 2 0 0 1 ). ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁a ▁new ▁reform ▁has ▁been ▁applied : ▁all ▁medical ▁students ▁must ▁pass ▁the ▁national ▁class ifying ▁exam ination . ▁The ▁rés idan at ▁was ▁replaced ▁with ▁an ▁intern ship ▁in ▁general ▁medicine , ▁helping ▁to ▁raise ▁the ▁status ▁of ▁general ▁practice ▁as ▁a ▁profession . ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁academic ▁year , ▁the ▁medical ▁first ▁year ▁course ▁is ▁common ▁with ▁ph arm acy , ▁dent istry ▁and ▁mid w if ery , ▁and ▁medical ▁studies ▁fall ▁under ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁Bolog na . ▁ ▁Organ ization ▁Medical ▁studies ▁proceed ▁in ▁three ▁cycles ▁within ▁a ▁university ▁having ▁a ▁unit ▁of ▁" formation " ▁and ▁medical ▁research ▁( s ometimes ▁a ▁combination ▁of ▁medicine |
▁and ▁ph arm ac ology ), ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 9 ▁university ▁hosp it als . ▁ ▁Their ▁total ▁duration ▁var ies ▁from ▁nine ▁years ▁( general ▁medicine ) ▁to ▁ 1 2 ▁years ▁( another ▁special ity ▁plus ▁a ▁sub - special ity ). ▁ ▁First ▁cycle ▁of ▁medical ▁studies ▁The ▁first ▁cycle ▁of ▁medical ▁studies ▁( in ▁summary ▁P CE M ) ▁takes ▁two ▁years , ▁with ▁a ▁" con c ours " ▁( comp et itive ▁final ▁exam ) ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁year ▁selecting ▁students ▁admitted ▁to ▁continue ▁medical ▁or ▁dent al ▁studies . ▁ ▁National ▁law ▁spec ifies ▁that ▁the ▁teaching ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁cycle ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁cycle ▁must ▁teach ▁the ▁following ▁discipl ines ▁or ▁discipl inary ▁units : ▁physics , ▁bi oph ys ics ▁and ▁image ▁processing ; ▁chem istry , ▁bio chem istry , ▁cell ular ▁and ▁mole cular ▁bi ology ; ▁an atom y , ▁emb ry ology , ▁development al ▁and ▁re product ive ▁bi ology ; ▁c yt ology , ▁hist ology ▁and ▁path ological ▁an atom y ; ▁b acter i ology , ▁v iro log y ▁and ▁par as it ology ; ▁fundamental ▁h emat ology , ▁imm un ology ▁and ▁on col ogy ; ▁gen et ics ▁and ▁bi ote chn ologies ; ▁phys i ology ▁and ▁nut r ition ; ▁ph arm ac ology ▁and ▁major ▁classes ▁of ▁dru gs ; ▁ep ide mi ology ▁and ▁bi ost |
at istics ; ▁clin ical ▁and ▁bi ological ▁semi ot ics ▁and ▁ ▁medical ▁imag ery ▁termin ology ; ▁first ▁aid ; ▁dem ography , ▁health ▁econom ics , ▁and ▁health ▁systems . ▁ ▁Te aching ▁must ▁also ▁include ▁foreign ▁languages , ▁ep ist em ology , ▁psych ology , ▁medical ▁eth ics ▁and ▁de ont ology . ▁ ▁First ▁year ▁( until ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁The ▁first ▁year ▁academic ▁cycle ▁for ▁medical ▁students ▁is ▁common ▁with ▁dent istry ▁and ▁mid w if ery . ▁ ▁Re quire ments ▁during ▁ ▁the ▁first ▁year ▁include : ▁physics , ▁bi oph ys ics , ▁chem istry , ▁bio chem istry ▁and ▁mole cular ▁bi ology , ▁cell ular ▁bi ology , ▁phys i ology , ▁an atom y , ▁hist ology , ▁and ▁emb ry ology . ▁ ▁First ▁year ▁( as ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁The ▁first ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁studies ▁of ▁health ▁( P AC ES ) ▁is ▁common ▁to ▁the ▁medical ▁studies , ▁dent al , ▁ph arma ce ut ical ▁and ▁mid w ife ▁( s ometimes ▁also ▁k ines ither apy ). ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁divided ▁into ▁two ▁six - month ▁periods . ▁ ▁To ▁be ▁allowed ▁to ▁be ▁registered ▁in ▁first ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁studies ▁of ▁health , ▁the ▁candidates ▁must ▁have ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁qual ifications : ▁a ▁b ac cala ure ate ▁degree ; ▁a ▁di pl oma ▁of ▁" access ▁to ▁academic ▁works "; ▁a ▁French ▁di pl |
oma ▁or ▁foreign ▁di pl oma ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁considered ▁equivalent ▁to ▁the ▁b ac cala ure at ▁purs u ant ▁to ▁the ▁national ▁reg ulation ; ▁a ▁qual ification ▁or ▁an ▁achiev ement ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁sufficient . ▁ ▁As ▁for ▁any ▁formation ▁of ▁system ▁L MD , ▁the ▁year ▁is ▁divided ▁in ▁two ▁six - month ▁periods ▁and ▁“ un its ▁of ▁teaching ” ▁( E U ) ▁which ▁are ▁seen ▁all ot ting ▁a ▁certain ▁number ▁of ▁appropri ations ▁E CT S . ▁ ▁In ▁first ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁the ▁less on ▁is ▁common ▁to ▁all ▁the ▁fields . ▁Test s ▁are ▁organized ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁this ▁one ; ▁the ▁badly ▁class ified ▁students ▁can ▁be ▁re orient ated ▁in ▁other ▁university ▁fields . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁second ▁half - year , ▁the ▁students ▁choose ▁one ▁or ▁of ▁the ▁EU ▁specific ▁( S ) ▁to ▁a ▁field , ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁common ▁formation . ▁ ▁The ▁students ▁pass ▁a ▁competition ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁leading ▁to ▁four ▁class ifications . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁year ▁may ▁only ▁be ▁repeated ▁once . ▁The ▁grade ▁is ▁final ▁if ▁the ▁student ▁fails ▁to ▁pass ▁twice . ▁ ▁Second ▁year ▁The ▁second ▁year ▁( in ▁summary ▁P CE M ▁ 2 ▁or ▁P 2 ) ▁begins ▁with ▁four ▁weeks ▁of ▁oblig atory ▁and ▁non - rem un er ated ▁nur se ▁pla cement . ▁ ▁It ▁takes ▁place ▁during ▁the ▁hol id ays ▁preceding ▁the ▁re - entry ▁by |
▁the ▁students ▁admitted ▁in ▁second ▁year ▁of ▁medicine ▁or ▁od ont ology . ▁ ▁Last ly , ▁a ▁more ▁medical ▁matter , ▁the ▁semi ot ics , ▁tradition ally ▁taught ▁in ▁third ▁year , ▁is ▁at ▁the ▁present ▁time ▁transferred ▁in ▁second ▁year ▁in ▁most ▁univers ities , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁range ▁of ▁the ▁clin ical ▁training ▁courses ▁of ▁second ▁and ▁third ▁years ▁( us ually ▁called ▁“ training ▁courses ▁of ▁check list ” ▁or ▁“ training ▁course ▁of ▁semi ot ics ” ). ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁cycle ▁of ▁the ▁medical ▁studies ▁follows ▁a ▁national ▁plan , ▁but ▁the ▁organization ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁years ▁var ies ▁between ▁the ▁univers ities . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁way , ▁there ▁exist ▁three ▁types ▁of ▁teaching : ▁linear ▁teaching : ▁each ▁matter ▁is ▁taught ▁separately ▁( an atom y , ▁hist ology , ▁bi oph ys ics , ▁etc .). ▁ ▁This ▁type ▁of ▁teaching ▁does ▁not ▁require ▁great ▁coord ination ▁between ▁the ▁profess ors , ▁but ▁it ▁can ▁lead ▁to ▁great ▁redund an cies , ▁even ▁with ▁contradict ions . ▁integrated ▁teaching : ▁the ▁students ▁have ▁modules ▁gather ing ▁of ▁the ▁less on ▁of ▁various ▁discipl ines ▁around ▁the ▁same ▁appar atus . ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁a ▁module ▁of ▁neu ros ci ences ▁includes / under stand s ▁the ▁an atom y ▁and ▁the ▁hist ology ▁of ▁the ▁nerv ous ▁system , ▁sens ory ▁bi oph ys ics ▁and ▁the ▁ne uro bio ch im y . ▁ ▁The ▁student ▁follows ▁then |
▁a ▁card iop ul mon ary ▁module , ▁a ▁dig est ive ▁module , ▁etc . ▁co ed uc ation : ▁certain ▁aspects ▁are ▁presented ▁in ▁integrated ▁teaching , ▁others ▁in ▁linear ▁teaching . ▁ ▁Second ▁cycle ▁of ▁medical ▁studies ▁ ▁In ▁four ▁years , ▁the ▁student ▁receives ▁a ▁formal ▁and ▁practical ▁training ▁ ▁on ▁the ▁various ▁path ologies ▁segment ed ▁in ▁modules : ▁trans verse ▁modules ▁( more ▁or ▁less ▁inter dis cipl inary ) ▁or ▁modules ▁of ▁body . ▁ ▁These ▁modules ▁are ▁the ▁class ifying ▁official ▁program ▁of ▁the ▁national ▁exam ination ▁( see ▁low ), ▁and ▁include ▁▁ ▁a ▁number ed ▁list ▁of ▁items ▁which ▁correspond ▁either ▁to ▁path ologies , ▁or ▁with ▁clin ical ▁or ▁th era pe ut ic ▁situations . ▁ ▁Third ▁year ▁of ▁medicine ▁The ▁third ▁year ▁of ▁medicine ▁( in ▁summary ▁D CE M ▁ 1 ▁or ▁D 1 ) ▁is ▁a ▁year ▁of ▁transition ▁where ▁the ▁student ▁lear ns ▁bi oc lin ical ▁sciences ▁( ph arm ac ology , ▁b acter i ology , ▁v iro log y , ▁par as it ology , ▁etc .) ▁which ▁make ▁the ▁interface ▁between ▁fundamental ▁sciences ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁cycle ▁and ▁less on ▁of ▁path ology . ▁ ▁They ▁also ▁learn ▁how ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁an am n èse ▁( med ical ▁history ) ▁and ▁the ▁clin ical ▁exam ination ▁of ▁a ▁patient ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁their ▁clin ical ▁training ▁courses ▁( called ▁“ training ▁courses ▁of ▁check lists ”, ▁because ▁the ▁clin |
ical ▁exam ination ▁linear ▁and ▁is ▁struct ured , ▁with ▁boxes ▁which ▁one ▁not ches ) ▁associated ▁with ▁teaching ▁with ▁semi ology . ▁They ▁start ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁modules . ▁ ▁C ertain ▁univers ities ▁start ▁the ▁hospital ▁training ▁courses ▁in ▁third ▁year , ▁the ▁clin ical ▁training ▁course ▁of ▁second ▁year ▁is ▁then ▁developed ▁further . ▁ ▁This ▁year ▁is ▁particularly ▁compatible ▁with ▁ ▁Er as mus ▁ex changes . ▁ ▁Extern ship ▁The ▁three ▁following ▁years ▁const itute ▁the ▁“ ex tern at ”. ▁ ▁This ▁term ▁of ▁every day ▁usage ▁( which ▁is ▁a ▁surv ival ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁contest ▁of ▁the ▁extern at ▁removed ▁following ▁the ▁demonstr ations ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁does ▁not ▁officially ▁exist . ▁ ▁The ▁official ▁texts ▁and ▁the ▁internal ▁texts ▁of ▁the ▁CH U ▁and ▁the ▁univers ities ▁speak ▁about ▁“ h ospital ▁students ”, ▁because ▁the ▁students ▁are ▁rem un er ated ▁by ▁the ▁hospital ▁complex ▁to ▁which ▁the ▁university ▁is ▁attached . ▁ ▁They ▁are ▁paid ▁under ▁limited ▁time ▁contract , ▁attached ▁to ▁a ▁social ▁security ▁office . ▁ ▁The ▁student , ▁under ▁the ▁responsibility ▁for ▁an ▁intern ▁( n ono fficial ) ▁or ▁of ▁a ▁senior ▁( sen ior ▁registr ar ▁or ▁hospital ▁pract ition er ), ▁learn ▁how ▁to ▁recognize ▁the ▁various ▁signs ▁of ▁a ▁disease . ▁ ▁The ▁student ▁ ▁at ▁this ▁stage ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁th era pe ut ic ▁responsibility , ▁nor ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁pres cribe . ▁ ▁The ▁student ▁is ▁however ▁responsible |
▁for ▁his ▁acts ▁( c ivil ▁responsibility , ▁which ▁requires ▁the ▁subscription ▁of ▁a ▁suitable ▁ins urance ). ▁ ▁The ▁extern at ▁generally ▁consists ▁of ▁four ▁training ▁courses ▁per ▁year , ▁three ▁months ▁in ▁each ▁special ty ▁service , ▁chosen ▁by ▁gr ids ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁each ▁year ▁or ▁quarter , ▁either ▁by ▁classification ▁with ▁the ▁mer it , ▁or ▁by ▁alphabet ical ▁classification . ▁ ▁The ▁training ▁courses ▁consist ▁of ▁five ▁m orn ings ▁per ▁week ▁in ▁the ▁services . ▁ ▁C ertain ▁training ▁courses ▁are ▁oblig atory ▁from ▁the ▁stat ut ory ▁texts ▁( ped iat rics , ▁obst et ric ▁g yna ec ology ▁surg ery , ▁internal ▁medicine ▁and ▁emer gency ▁medicine .), ▁and ▁can ▁then ▁integrate ▁theoretical ▁teaching ▁( the ▁student ▁is ▁t ▁present ▁at ▁the ▁hospital ▁all ▁the ▁day ). ▁ ▁Con vers ely , ▁certain ▁services ▁do ▁not ▁have ▁the ▁external ▁ones , ▁that ▁depends ▁on ▁the ▁agre ements ▁made ▁with ▁the ▁university . ▁ ▁C ertain ▁univers ities ▁replaced ▁the ▁half - time ▁( m orn ings ) ▁permanent ▁by ▁one ▁full - time ▁by ▁altern ation : ▁the ▁external ▁ones ▁are ▁then ▁present ▁all ▁the ▁day ▁but ▁only ▁ 6 ▁weeks ▁over ▁ 3 ▁months , ▁the ▁ 6 ▁remaining ▁weeks ▁being ▁devoted ▁to ▁the ▁less on , ▁the ▁exam in ations , ▁the ▁prepar ation ▁of ▁the ▁E CN … ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁extern at , ▁ ▁lect uring , ▁is ▁replaced ▁more ▁and ▁more ▁by ▁directed ▁work ; ▁the ▁lect ures |
▁are ▁held ▁ ▁in ▁altern ation ▁with ▁hospital ▁training ▁courses : ▁this ▁teaching ▁is ▁that ▁of ▁a ▁true ▁trade - gu ild , ▁where ▁the ▁external ▁one ▁approaches ▁by ▁“ cl in ical ▁cases ” ▁of ▁true ▁situations ▁lived ▁in ▁the ▁services . ▁ ▁The ▁external ▁one ▁must , ▁during ▁its ▁three ▁years ▁of ▁extern at , ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁ 3 6 ▁sessions ▁of ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 8 , ▁or ▁ 2 4 ▁hours ▁( acc ording ▁to ▁the ▁service ▁and ▁the ▁day ▁of ▁the ▁week ), ▁that ▁is ▁to ▁say ▁approximately ▁a ▁session ▁per ▁month , ▁rem un er ated ▁ 2 6 ▁eu ros ▁rough . ▁ ▁The ▁rem un er ation ▁of ▁the ▁training ▁courses ▁is ▁as ▁for ▁it ▁“ symbol ic ▁system ” ▁( appro xim ate ▁rem un er ation : ▁ 1 2 2 ▁eu ros ▁per ▁month ▁in ▁fourth ▁year , ▁ 2 3 7 ▁eu ros ▁in ▁fifth ▁year , ▁ 2 6 5 ▁eu ros ▁in ▁sixth ▁year ), ▁but ▁the ▁external ▁student ▁has ▁the ▁stat ute ▁of ▁a ▁paid ▁worker ▁and ▁cont ributes ▁to ▁the ▁paid ▁mode ▁of ▁ ▁social ▁security , ▁and ▁the ▁p ension ▁fund . ▁ ▁The ▁p ension ▁fund ▁complement ary ▁to ▁external ▁is ▁the ▁I RC AN TE C , ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁case ▁for ▁the ▁intern s ▁and ▁the ▁hospital ▁pract ition ers . ▁ ▁The ▁external ▁ones , ▁like ▁any ▁employee , ▁have ▁five ▁weeks ▁of ▁paid ▁vac ations . ▁ |
▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁the ▁second ▁cycle ▁of ▁the ▁medical ▁studies ▁is ▁san ction ed ▁by ▁a ▁di pl oma ▁( recogn ized ▁in ▁the ▁European ▁Union ). ▁ ▁Module ▁ 1 1 ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁cycle ▁is ▁the ▁old ▁certificate ▁of ▁clin ical ▁and ▁th era pe ut ic , ▁essential ▁synth esis ▁to ▁replace ▁a ▁general ▁doctor . ▁ ▁Third ▁cycle ▁of ▁the ▁medical ▁studies ▁Stud ents ▁able ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁third ▁cycle ▁of ▁medical ▁studies ▁( T CE M ): ▁have ▁completed ▁the ▁second ▁cycle ▁of ▁the ▁medical ▁studies ▁in ▁France ; ▁are ▁am enable ▁to ▁the ▁European ▁state ▁or ▁Community , ▁Swiss ▁Confeder ation , ▁Princi p ality ▁Member ▁States ▁of ▁And or ra ▁left ▁to ▁the ▁agreement ▁on ▁European ▁Econom ic ▁Area , ▁others ▁that ▁France , ▁hold ers ▁of ▁a ▁di pl oma ▁of ▁end ▁of ▁second ▁cycle ▁of ▁the ▁medical ▁studies ▁or ▁of ▁an ▁equivalent ▁title ▁from ▁one ▁of ▁these ▁states . ▁ ▁Class ifying ▁national ▁tests ▁Test s ▁are ▁organized ▁for ▁the ▁candidates ▁quoted ▁above . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁its ▁classification , ▁the ▁student ▁cho oses ▁his ▁university ▁hospital ▁( and ▁thus ▁the ▁city ) ▁of ▁assignment . ▁ ▁This ▁choice ▁is ▁carried ▁out ▁initially ▁by ▁Internet ▁( phase ▁of ▁pre - choice ▁and ▁simulations ), ▁the ▁final ▁choice ▁taking ▁place ▁during ▁a ▁“ am ph it he atre ▁of ▁g arrison ” ▁which ▁brings ▁together ▁all ▁the ▁students ▁by ▁sections ▁of ▁classification . ▁ ▁This ▁procedure ▁makes ▁it ▁possible ▁the ▁student |
▁to ▁choose ▁his ▁station ▁by ▁being ▁informed ▁fully ▁of ▁the ▁places ▁available . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 1 ▁existing ▁fields ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁are , ▁with ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁places ▁available , ▁or ▁ 5 7 0 4 ▁[ ; aces ▁on ▁the ▁whole : ▁ ▁General ▁medicine : ▁ 3 2 0 0 ▁stations ▁Medical ▁special ties : ▁ 8 8 5 ▁stations ▁S urg ical ▁special ties : ▁ 5 5 0 ▁stations ▁Psych iat ry : ▁ 2 8 0 ▁stations ▁Ana est hes ia - re animation : ▁ 2 6 0 ▁stations ▁Ped iat ric : ▁ 2 0 0 ▁stations ▁Gy ne col ogy - ob st et rics : ▁ 1 5 5 ▁stations ▁Public ▁health : ▁ 6 0 ▁stations ▁Medical ▁bi ology : ▁ 4 0 ▁stations ▁Occ up ational ▁medicine : ▁ 5 4 ▁stations ▁Medical ▁g yna ec ology : ▁ 2 0 ▁stations ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁a ▁thousand ▁places ▁were ▁not ▁filled , ▁certain ▁students ▁prefer ring ▁to ▁re try ▁rather ▁than ▁to ▁choose ▁a ▁special ity ▁by ▁default . ▁ ▁Hospital ▁training ▁ ▁Although ▁they ▁have ▁the ▁stat ute ▁of ▁student ▁and ▁a ▁super vision , ▁an ▁intern ▁is ▁an ▁autonom ous ▁professional , ▁since ▁they ▁can ▁pres cribe ▁and ▁carry ▁out ▁rep lac ements ▁in ▁liberal ▁cabin ets ▁( prov ided ▁they ▁have ▁on ▁valid ated ▁a ▁certain ▁number ▁of ▁six - month ▁periods , ▁and ▁obtained ▁a ▁“ lic ence |
Subsets and Splits