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▁and ▁get ▁married , ▁but ▁the ▁four ▁other ▁members ▁were ▁brought ▁back ▁to ▁Star base ▁Studio ▁to ▁do ▁over d ubs . ▁Bill ▁and ▁Gr alf ▁used ▁the ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁DAT s ▁of ▁" In ▁To o ▁Deep " ▁and ▁had ▁Char ly ▁sing ▁his ▁version ▁over ▁it . ▁Before ▁anything ▁could ▁be ▁done ▁with ▁the ▁new ▁record ings , ▁Al v ac ast ▁decided ▁to ▁get ▁back ▁together , ▁with ▁the ▁other ▁members ▁now ▁living ▁in ▁Montreal ▁as ▁well . ▁Char ly ▁left ▁Bo ize ▁before ▁the ▁years ' ▁end . ▁ ▁The ▁decl ine ▁of ▁Bo ize ▁& ▁changing ▁name ▁to ▁Em iss ary ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁Steph , ▁Bob ▁and ▁Scott ▁decided ▁to ▁try ▁once ▁more ▁and ▁held ▁vocal ist ▁aud itions , ▁to ▁find ▁Ian ▁( a ▁Robert ▁Plant - sty led ▁sign er ▁who ▁also ▁played ▁ac oust ic ▁twelve - string ▁guitar ). ▁He ▁seemed ▁a ▁perfect ▁match ▁to ▁complete ▁the ▁band ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁year , ▁and ▁they ▁spent ▁the ▁next ▁two ▁months ▁re working ▁the ▁two ▁new ▁songs ▁that ▁were ▁written ▁with ▁Char ly ▁and ▁write ▁a ▁few ▁new ▁ones . ▁To ▁show case ▁the ▁new ▁line - up , ▁Bo ize ▁was ▁invited ▁to ▁play ▁a ▁benefit ▁concert ▁for ▁Claude ▁Mess ier ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁in ▁support ▁for ▁his ▁fight ▁against ▁mus cular ▁d yst onia . ▁Im medi ately ▁after ▁this ▁they ▁book ed ▁half ▁a ▁dozen ▁shows |
▁for ▁their ▁first ▁tour , ▁which ▁would ▁have ▁taken ▁them ▁through ▁eastern ▁Quebec ▁during ▁mid - A pril . ▁Ian ' s ▁leading ▁man ▁skills ▁were ▁completely ▁different ▁from ▁Perry ' s ▁or ▁Char ly ' s ▁and ▁the ▁difference ▁became ▁apparent ▁at ▁their ▁next ▁concert ▁at ▁the ▁Back street ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 . ▁To ▁start ▁off ▁their ▁second ▁set , ▁Bo ize ▁asked ▁Char ly , ▁who ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁audience ▁with ▁fellow ▁Al v ac ast ▁band m ates , ▁to ▁join ▁them ▁on ▁stage ▁for ▁an ▁Iron ▁Ma iden ▁cover . ▁The ▁crowd ▁went ▁wild ▁and ▁for ▁a ▁reason ▁or ▁another ▁Ian ▁didn ' t ▁come ▁back ▁on ▁stage ▁and ▁left ▁the ▁ven ue , ▁leaving ▁Char ly ▁to ▁finish ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁show . ▁This ▁caused ▁serious ▁t ension ▁within ▁the ▁band ▁and ▁resulted ▁in ▁Scott ▁qu itting ▁during ▁the ▁second ▁week ▁of ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁The ▁tour ▁was ▁so ▁close ▁to ▁happening ▁that ▁the ▁tick ets ▁had ▁already ▁been ▁printed , ▁but ▁it ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁can ce led . ▁The ▁tri o ▁continued ▁jam ming ▁together ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁few ▁weeks ▁but ▁by ▁May , ▁Ian ' s ▁infl ated ▁e go ▁was ▁getting ▁to ▁be ▁too ▁much ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁k icked ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁band . ▁ ▁Det erm ined ▁to ▁continue ▁the ▁Bo ize ▁name , ▁Steph ▁and ▁Bob ▁rec ru ited ▁André ▁Chan ▁who ▁was ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁also ▁playing ▁drums ▁for ▁Cinema ▁Five / L ik wid |
. ▁This ▁tri o ▁had ▁a ▁few ▁re he ars als , ▁but ▁things ▁wer en ' t ▁the ▁same ▁and ▁Andre ▁left . ▁They ▁then ▁rec ru ited ▁Joe ▁Mor r one ▁to ▁play ▁drums , ▁a ▁local ▁music ian ▁who ▁had ▁grown ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁area ▁of ▁Montreal ▁as ▁Steph . ▁Bo ize ▁were ▁still ▁book ed ▁for ▁a ▁show ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁at ▁Les ▁Ret rou va illes ▁and ▁asked ▁Char ly ▁to ▁fill ▁in ▁again ▁for ▁that ▁night , ▁as ▁he ▁had ▁received ▁such ▁success ▁at ▁the ▁last ▁Back street ▁show . ▁Following ▁this ▁show , ▁Steph , ▁Bob ▁and ▁Joe ▁found ▁ex - S ar ok ▁Sar o ya ▁singer ▁R je en ▁( X avier ▁B ri and , ▁an ▁El vis ▁Pres ley ▁type ) ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁The ▁last ▁Bo ize ▁songs ▁were ▁re hash ed ▁with ▁completely ▁new ▁lyr ics ▁that ▁fitted ▁R je en ' s ▁wide ▁vocal ▁range ▁and ▁before ▁the ▁month ▁was ▁over , ▁they ▁decided ▁to ▁abandon ▁the ▁" Bo ize " ▁mon iker ▁and ▁go ▁under ▁" Em iss ary ". ▁The ▁songs ▁written ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁as ▁Bo ize ▁were ▁released ▁on ▁the ▁Em iss ary ▁EP ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁and ▁the ▁band ▁last ed ▁until ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁at ▁which ▁point ▁they ▁changed ▁name ▁to ▁" Bre aking ▁V io let " ▁and ▁stayed ▁active ▁until |
▁early ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁Band ▁members ▁ ▁Final ▁line - up ▁ ▁Re je an ▁" X avier " ▁B ri and ▁( R je en ) ▁– ▁lead ▁vocals ▁( J une ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Robert ▁K our ie ▁( F loyd ▁H are m ) ▁– ▁lead ▁guitar , ▁backing ▁vocals ▁( A pril ▁ 1 9 8 9 – J une ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁St é ph ane ▁F ania ▁( Z any ▁Sh ult z ) ▁– ▁bass , ▁key boards , ▁drum ▁machine , ▁backing ▁vocals ▁( A pril ▁ 1 9 8 9 – J une ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Joe ▁Mor r one ▁– ▁drums ▁( Oct ober ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 3 – J une ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Form er ▁members ▁ ▁Perry ▁Bla ine y ▁( F y ia ▁Pow ers ) ▁– ▁lead ▁vocals ▁( A pril ▁ 1 9 8 9 – Se ptember ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Scott ▁Mac Donald ▁( S ieg fried ) ▁– ▁drums ▁( J anu ary ▁ 1 9 9 0 – A pril ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Va he ▁" V ict or " ▁An an ian ▁( Z or ba ▁the ▁Greek ) ▁– ▁key boards ▁( F ebru ary ▁ 1 9 9 0 – A pril ▁ 1 9 9 |
0 ) ▁ ▁Pascal ▁Tra han ▁– ▁rh ythm ▁guitar ▁( A pril ▁ 1 9 9 0 – F ebru ary ▁ 1 9 9 1 ) ▁ ▁Steve ▁Ber ger ▁( Ste ve ▁B ahr ) ▁– ▁rh ythm ▁guitar ▁( J uly ▁ 1 9 9 1 – Dec ember ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Carlos ▁" Char ly " ▁L ope z ▁– ▁lead ▁vocals ▁( Se ptember ▁ 1 9 9 2 – Dec ember ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Paolo ▁G att ola ▁– ▁rh ythm ▁guitar ▁( Dec ember ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Ian ▁– ▁lead ▁vocals , ▁ac oust ic ▁ 1 2 - string ▁guitar ▁( J anu ary ▁ 1 9 9 3 – May ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁André ▁Chan ▁– ▁drums ▁( May ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Tim eline ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁The ▁Bug ▁( 1 9 8 9 ) ▁ ▁Prom o ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁ ▁Bo ize ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁I ' ll ▁Still ▁Love ▁You ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Lost ▁T apes ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Bo ize ▁bi ography ▁ ▁Facebook ▁ ▁i T unes ▁ ▁CD b aby ▁ ▁Metal ▁Archives ▁ ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁Category : |
Mus ical ▁groups ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁heavy ▁metal ▁musical ▁groups ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁Montreal ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁gl am ▁metal ▁musical ▁groups <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Malays ia ▁Cup ▁( Mal ay : ▁P ial a ▁Malays ia ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁was ▁the ▁ 8 4 th ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Malays ia ▁Cup . ▁The ▁competition ▁began ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁and ▁concluded ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁with ▁the ▁final , ▁held ▁at ▁National ▁Stadium , ▁B uk it ▁J al il . ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 6 ▁teams ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁competition . ▁The ▁teams ▁were ▁divided ▁into ▁ 4 ▁groups ▁of ▁ 4 ▁teams . ▁The ▁group ▁leaders ▁and ▁run ners - up ▁teams ▁in ▁the ▁groups ▁after ▁ 6 ▁matches ▁qualified ▁to ▁the ▁quarter final s . ▁ ▁Qual ifications ▁ ▁Only ▁ 1 6 ▁teams ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Malays ia ▁Cup ; ▁ 1 2 ▁teams ▁from ▁Malays ia ▁Super ▁League ▁and ▁ 4 ▁teams ▁from ▁Malays ia ▁Premier ▁League . ▁The ▁teams ▁were :- ▁▁▁ ▁Malays ia ▁Super ▁League ▁▁▁ ▁Sel ang or ▁▁ ▁Kel ant an ▁FA ▁▁ ▁Ter eng gan u ▁FA ▁▁ ▁Joh or ▁FC ▁▁ ▁P B DK T ▁T - Team ▁FC ▁▁ ▁K ed ah ▁FA |
▁▁ ▁Neg eri ▁S emb il an ▁FA ▁▁ ▁P ah ang ▁FA ▁▁ ▁K L ▁PL US ▁FC ▁▁ ▁K ual a ▁L ump ur ▁FA ▁▁ ▁Per ak ▁FA ▁▁ ▁Per lis ▁FA ▁▁ ▁Malays ia ▁Premier ▁League ▁▁▁ ▁Fel da ▁United ▁FC ▁▁ ▁Sab ah ▁FA ▁▁ ▁PK NS ▁FC ▁▁ ▁AT M ▁FA ▁ ▁Group ▁stage ▁ ▁Group ▁A ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Group ▁B ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Group ▁C ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Group ▁D ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Kno ck out ▁stage ▁ ▁Bra cket ▁▁ ▁A ggreg ate ▁ 2 – 2 . ▁Joh or ▁FC ▁won ▁on ▁away - goal ▁rules . ▁ ▁Qu arter final s ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Sem i - final s ▁ ▁First ▁leg ▁ ▁Second ▁leg ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁W inners ▁ ▁References ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁domestic ▁association ▁football ▁cu ps ▁Cup <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Bon eless ▁Children ▁Foundation ▁is ▁a ▁San ▁Francisco ▁( Un ited ▁States ) ▁ind ie ▁rock ▁band . ▁ ▁Their ▁debut ▁full ▁length ▁self - re leased ▁CD , ▁" St ars ▁For ▁Anyone ," ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁to ▁generally ▁positive ▁reviews , ▁eventually ▁reaching ▁No . 2 0 0 ▁on ▁the ▁College ▁Music ▁Journal ▁charts ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁Bon eless |
▁Children ▁Foundation ▁began ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁with ▁a ▁line - up ▁of ▁Brian ▁G orm an ▁( of ▁T art uf i ) ▁on ▁drums , ▁Michael ▁Mus ika ▁on ▁guitar ▁and ▁vocals ▁and ▁David ▁Marc ▁Sie gel ▁( then ▁" David ▁Soph ia - S iegel ") ▁on ▁bass ▁guitar ▁and ▁occas ional ▁vocals . ▁The ▁group ▁was ▁joined ▁by ▁Pac o ▁Rom ane ▁on ▁bass , ▁after ▁which ▁time ▁Sie gel ▁moved ▁to ▁lead ▁guitar . ▁ ▁The ▁group ▁recorded ▁an ▁EP ▁and ▁played ▁around ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Bay ▁Area , ▁including ▁a ▁st int ▁as ▁the ▁house ▁band ▁for ▁the ▁K illing ▁My ▁Lob ster ▁sketch ▁comedy ▁show , ▁" Pop ! ", ▁before ▁Mus ika , ▁G orm an ▁and ▁Rom ane ▁left ▁the ▁band ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Sie gel ▁was ▁the ▁Musical ▁Director ▁for ▁the ▁K illing ▁My ▁Lob ster ▁sketch ▁comedy ▁show , ▁" The ▁Wonder ful ▁World ▁of ▁Science ." ▁He ▁put ▁together ▁a ▁band ▁for ▁the ▁show ▁which ▁included ▁piano ▁player ▁Jonathan ▁K ep ke . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁show ' s ▁run ▁was ▁completed , ▁Sie gel ▁and ▁K ep ke ▁continued ▁playing ▁together , ▁with ▁K ep ke ▁on ▁bass ▁and ▁Sie gel ▁on ▁guitar ▁and ▁vocals . ▁ ▁So on ▁there after ▁J . ▁Log an ▁Bar rier ▁was ▁added ▁on ▁drums ▁and ▁the ▁new ▁Bon eless ▁Children ▁Foundation ▁was ▁born . ▁ ▁As ide ▁from ▁their |
▁work ▁with ▁the ▁group , ▁J . ▁Log an ▁Bar rier ▁is ▁a ▁fine ▁art ▁and ▁commercial ▁photograph er , ▁Jonathan ▁K ep ke ▁is ▁an ▁audio ▁engineer ▁special izing ▁in ▁audio ▁for ▁film , ▁and ▁David ▁Sie gel ▁compos es ▁music ▁for ▁short ▁films ▁and ▁the atr ical ▁produ ctions . ▁ ▁The ▁group ' s ▁website ▁included ▁a ▁blog ▁run ▁by ▁the ▁group ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁photo - based ▁web com ics ▁written ▁by ▁Sie gel . ▁ ▁Band ▁members ▁ ▁Current ▁members ▁David ▁Marc ▁Sie gel ▁- ▁vocals , ▁guitar ▁Jonathan ▁K ep ke ▁- ▁bass ▁J . ▁Log an ▁Bar rier ▁- ▁drums ▁ ▁Form er ▁members ▁Pac o ▁Rom ane ▁- ▁bass ▁Brian ▁G orm an ▁- ▁drums ▁Michael ▁Mus ika ▁- ▁guitar , ▁vocals ▁ ▁" St ars ▁For ▁Anyone " ▁ ▁With ▁Jonathan ▁K ep ke ' s ▁engineering ▁skills , ▁the ▁band ▁produced ▁and ▁engine ered ▁their ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁release , ▁" St ars ▁For ▁Anyone ," ▁to ▁which ▁the ▁press ▁responses ▁were ▁largely ▁positive . ▁ ▁The ▁group ▁was ▁featured ▁on ▁ ▁N PR ' s ▁Open ▁Mic ▁program ▁and ▁made ▁the ▁On ion ' s ▁list ▁of ▁Wor st ▁Band ▁Names ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Press ▁ ▁" With ▁Stars ▁for ▁Anyone , ▁The ▁Bon eless ▁Children ▁Foundation ▁has ▁created ▁a ▁massive ▁album ▁that ▁s wer ves ▁and ▁bo og ies ▁with ▁classic ▁rock ▁n ' ▁roll ▁r iffs ▁and ▁delight fully ▁qu ir ky ▁and |
▁eng aging ▁lyr ics . ▁The ▁songs ▁overflow ▁with ▁ideas , ▁while ▁musical ▁pass ages ▁are ▁ju xt ap osed ▁in ▁a ▁way ▁that ▁suggests ▁the ▁g idd iness ▁of ▁a ▁band ▁like ▁S par ks . ▁ ▁... [ David ▁Soph ia ▁Sie gel ▁is ] ▁a ▁reck less ▁lead ▁vocal ist ▁who ▁sh outs , ▁cro ons , ▁ple ads , ▁and ▁s ings ▁over ▁the ▁carefully ▁craft ed ▁music ▁with ▁such ▁em otion ▁that ▁you ▁can ' t ▁help ▁but ▁listen ▁to ▁what ▁he ' s ▁trying ▁to ▁say ." ▁- W ire t ap ▁Music ▁▁ ▁" Go , ▁be ▁rock ed ▁[ by ▁the ▁Bon eless ▁Children ▁Foundation ] ." ▁— R ud olph ▁Del son , ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁P aper ▁C uts ▁" L iving ▁With ▁Music " ▁B log ▁▁ ▁" Kind ▁of ▁like ▁No ▁Dou bt ▁before ▁they ▁sold ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁records ▁and ▁began ▁to ▁doubt ▁their ▁sound . ▁No ▁( th ank fully ) ▁G wen ▁here , ▁but ▁perhaps ▁a ▁similar ▁sense ▁of ▁controlled ▁confusion ▁and ▁kin etic ▁energy . ▁A ▁tight ▁three - pie ce ▁that ▁I ▁am ▁sure ▁deliver ▁a ▁great ▁live ▁show ▁with ▁much ▁un predict ab len ess ." ▁- F red dy ▁J isp , ▁Left ▁H ip ▁Magazine ▁▁ ▁" Don ' t ▁worry ▁about ▁sending ▁money : ▁These ▁three ▁guys ▁have ▁all ▁the ▁b ones ▁they ▁need . ▁They ▁make ▁a ▁plenty - no isy ▁punk |
- rock ▁ra cket , ▁temper ed ▁by ▁humor ▁and ▁just ▁the ▁right ▁touch ▁of ▁mel ody .” ▁- E ast ▁Bay ▁Express ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Bon eless ▁Children ▁Foundation ▁site ▁ ▁J . ▁Log an ▁Bar rier ' s ▁phot ography ▁site ▁ ▁David ▁Soph ia - S iegel ' s ▁site ▁ ▁Category : Ind ie ▁rock ▁musical ▁groups ▁from ▁California ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁San ▁Francisco <0x0A> </s> ▁W ito on ▁M ing mo on ▁( born ▁ 1 0 ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 6 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Th ai ▁Olympic ▁weight l if ter . ▁He ▁represented ▁his ▁country ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Th ai ▁male ▁weight l if ters ▁Category : Weight l if ters ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁weight l if ters ▁of ▁Th ailand ▁Category : World ▁We ight l ifting ▁Championships ▁medal ists ▁Category : S out heast ▁Asian ▁Games ▁bronze ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Th ailand ▁Category : S out heast ▁Asian ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁weight l ifting ▁Category : Comp et itors ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁S out heast ▁Asian ▁Games <0x0A> </s> ▁Jonathan ▁S . ▁We iss man ▁is ▁a ▁Professor ▁of ▁Cell ular ▁ ▁M ole cular ▁Ph arm ac ology ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁San |
▁Francisco . ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁Howard ▁Hugh es ▁Medical ▁Institute ▁( HH MI ) ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 0 ; ▁first , ▁as ▁an ▁Ass istant ▁Investig ator ▁( 2 0 0 0 - 2 0 0 5 ) ▁and , ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁as ▁an ▁Investig ator . ▁ ▁Education ▁He ▁earned ▁his ▁B . A . ▁in ▁Physics ▁from ▁Harvard ▁College ▁( 1 9 8 8 ) ▁and ▁his ▁Ph . D . ▁in ▁Physics ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁from ▁M IT ▁working ▁with ▁Peter ▁Kim . ▁There , ▁he ▁started ▁his ▁studies ▁on ▁protein ▁fol ding ▁exam ining ▁B ov ine ▁pan cre atic ▁try ps in ▁in hib itor ▁( B PT I ). ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁post do ctor al ▁fellow ▁at ▁Y ale ▁University ▁( 1 9 9 3 - 1 9 9 6 ), ▁where ▁he ▁worked ▁with ▁Arthur ▁Hor wich ▁studying ▁the ▁mechanism ▁of ▁Gro EL . ▁ ▁Career ▁We iss man ' s ▁research ▁team ▁studies ▁how ▁cells ▁ensure ▁that ▁prote ins ▁fol d ▁into ▁their ▁correct ▁shape , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁protein ▁mis fold ing ▁in ▁disease ▁and ▁normal ▁phys i ology . ▁The ▁team ▁also ▁develop s ▁experimental ▁and ▁analyt ical ▁approaches ▁for ▁expl oring ▁the ▁organiz ational ▁principles ▁of ▁bi ological ▁systems ▁and ▁glob ally ▁monitoring ▁protein ▁translation ▁through ▁rib os ome ▁profil ing . ▁A ▁broad ▁goal ▁of ▁his ▁work ▁is ▁to ▁bridge ▁large - |
scale ▁approaches ▁and ▁in ▁depth ▁mechan istic ▁investig ations ▁to ▁reve al ▁the ▁information ▁encoded ▁within ▁genom es .. ▁▁ ▁We iss man ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Academy ▁of ▁Sciences ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁U CS F ▁Academ ic ▁Bio ▁His ▁Howard ▁Hugh es ▁Medical ▁Institute ▁bio ▁We iss man ▁Lab ▁website ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁bio chem ists ▁Category : How ard ▁Hugh es ▁Medical ▁Investig ators ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁California , ▁San ▁Francisco ▁fac ulty ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁National ▁Academy ▁of ▁Sciences ▁Category : Har vard ▁College ▁al umn i ▁Category : M ass achusetts ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁M unc aster ▁is ▁a ▁civil ▁parish ▁in ▁the ▁Bor ough ▁of ▁Cop eland , ▁C umb ria , ▁England . ▁ ▁It ▁contains ▁ 1 4 ▁buildings ▁that ▁are ▁recorded ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Heritage ▁List ▁for ▁England . ▁ ▁Of ▁these , ▁two ▁are ▁listed ▁at ▁Gra de I , ▁the ▁highest ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁gr ades , ▁one ▁is ▁at ▁Gra de II *, ▁the ▁middle ▁grade , ▁and ▁the ▁others ▁are ▁at ▁Gra de II , ▁the ▁lowest ▁grade . ▁ ▁The ▁parish ▁contains ▁the ▁coast al ▁village ▁of ▁Rav eng lass ▁and ▁coun tr ys |
ide ▁to ▁the ▁east . ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁important ▁building ▁in ▁the ▁parish ▁is ▁M unc aster ▁Castle ; ▁this ▁and ▁buildings ▁associated ▁with ▁it , ▁including ▁St ▁Michael ' s ▁Church ▁and ▁associated ▁structures , ▁are ▁listed . ▁ ▁The ▁other ▁listed ▁buildings ▁are ▁houses , ▁farm h ouses , ▁farm ▁buildings , ▁and ▁a ▁war ▁mem orial . ▁__ NOT OC __ ▁ ▁Key ▁ ▁Build ings ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Category : List s ▁of ▁listed ▁buildings ▁in ▁C umb ria <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁Lak ota ▁myth ology , ▁Wi ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁powerful ▁spirits . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁solar ▁spirit , ▁and ▁is ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁American ▁B ison . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁W ó <0xC8> <0x9F> pe . ▁ ▁An og ▁I te ▁attempted ▁to ▁s edu ce ▁Wi , ▁but ▁she ▁had ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁two ▁faces ▁changed ▁into ▁an ▁ugly ▁vis age ▁as ▁pun ishment . ▁ ▁His ▁wife ▁is ▁the ▁lun ar ▁god dess , ▁Han wi . ▁As ▁" W i " ▁refers ▁to ▁both ▁him ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁he ▁is ▁referred ▁as ▁An pet u ▁Wi ▁( Day time ▁Wi ), ▁while ▁his ▁wife ▁is ▁referred ▁as ▁Han he pi ▁Wi ▁( N ight time ▁Wi ) ▁to ▁differenti ate ▁the ▁two ▁de ities . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁solar ▁de ities ▁ ▁Category : L ak ota ▁spirit ▁be ings ▁Category : S olar ▁gods ▁Category : L |
ak ota ▁culture <0x0A> </s> ▁Br at ków ▁Dol ny ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁G mina ▁Z ad z im , ▁within ▁Pod d ę b ice ▁County , ▁Ł ód ź ▁Vo iv odes hip , ▁in ▁central ▁Poland . ▁It ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁north - east ▁of ▁Z ad z im , ▁ ▁south - west ▁of ▁Pod d ę b ice , ▁and ▁ ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁capital ▁Ł ód ź . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Pod d ę b ice ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁J il in ▁Township ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁town ship ▁under ▁the ▁administration ▁of ▁J id ong ▁County ▁in ▁sout he astern ▁Heil ong ji ang , ▁China . ▁, ▁it ▁has ▁ 6 ▁villages ▁under ▁its ▁administration . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : T own ship - level ▁divisions ▁of ▁Heil ong ji ang ▁Category : J id ong ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ▁was ▁a ▁historic ▁mill ▁building ▁located ▁in ▁C aled onia , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada . ▁Bu ilt ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 6 , ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁her itage ▁property ▁under ▁the ▁Ontario ▁Heritage ▁Act . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁last ▁tim ber - frame ▁water ▁power ed ▁mill ▁along ▁the ▁Grand ▁River ▁in ▁Ontario . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁the ▁mill ▁was ▁dis m ant led ▁by ▁R ivers ide ▁properties ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁being ▁re built ▁as ▁an ▁office ▁complex . ▁ ▁Location ▁The ▁C |
aled onia ▁Mill ▁was ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁banks ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Heritage ▁Grand ▁River , ▁in ▁C aled onia , ▁Ontario ▁Canada . ▁ ▁History ▁No - one ▁has ▁pin point ed ▁an ▁actual ▁date ▁when ▁the ▁Old ▁Mill ▁was ▁built ▁other ▁than ▁to ▁say ▁it ▁was ▁about ▁ 1 8 4 6 . ▁From ▁then ▁to ▁ 1 8 9 2 , ▁it ▁would ▁seem ▁the ▁fl our ▁mill ing ▁industry ▁in ▁C aled onia ▁was ▁big ▁business ▁but ▁not ▁without ▁competition ▁across ▁the ▁river ▁or ▁financial ▁difficulty . ▁C aled onia ▁founder ▁Ran ald ▁McK inn on ' s ▁mill ing ▁enter pr ises ▁on ▁the ▁North side ▁by ▁ 1 8 5 0 ▁compr ised ▁a ▁saw mill , ▁fl our ▁mill , ▁and ▁w ool len ▁mill . ▁This ▁North side ▁area ▁of ▁mill ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁be ▁within ▁the ▁Village ▁of ▁One ida . ▁James ▁Little ' s ▁South side ▁mill ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁be ▁within ▁the ▁Village ▁of ▁S unn ys ide . ▁ ▁Do omed ▁by ▁fire ▁and ▁da unted ▁by ▁flo od , ▁McK inn on ▁had ▁his ▁share ▁of ▁bad ▁luck ▁with ▁mill s . ▁His ▁saw mill , ▁many ▁times ▁dam aged ▁by ▁ice ▁and ▁shift ed ▁off ▁its ▁location ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁flo od , ▁last ed ▁until ▁it ▁burn ed ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁The ▁ 1 8 4 4 ▁fl our ▁mill ▁was ▁re built ▁twice ▁following ▁fires ▁in ▁ 1 8 |
6 2 ▁and ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁and ▁remained ▁until ▁Sept . ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁when ▁fire ▁struck ▁again ▁for ▁the ▁last ▁time . ▁The ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁w ool len ▁mill ▁burn ed ▁and ▁was ▁re built ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁but ▁was ▁left ▁down ▁after ▁claimed ▁ar son ▁took ▁it ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 1 , ▁two ▁years ▁following ▁McK inn on ' s ▁death . ▁The ▁South side ▁mill , ▁left ▁free ▁from ▁fire ▁and ▁flo od , ▁with stood ▁and ▁still ▁remains ▁over ▁ 1 5 0 ▁years ▁later . ▁ ▁Our ▁concentration ▁on ▁the ▁fl our ▁mill s ▁only ▁is ▁where ▁the ▁claimed ▁big ▁mill ing ▁business ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁and ▁ 7 0 ' s ▁took ▁place . ▁Up ▁to ▁then ▁the ▁two ▁fl our ▁mill s ▁can ▁only ▁be ▁pres umed ▁to ▁have ▁either ▁been ▁r ented ▁or ▁managed ▁for ▁Little ▁and ▁McK inn on . ▁Daniel ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁was ▁in ▁partners hip ▁with ▁McK inn on ▁in ▁the ▁North side ▁mill ▁from ▁ 1 8 6 5 ▁to ▁ 1 8 6 9 . ▁This ▁partners hip ▁came ▁to ▁a ▁close ▁and ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁and ▁James ▁Th orb urn ▁bought ▁the ▁South side ▁mill ▁known ▁as ▁Bal m oral ▁M ills , ▁ren aming ▁it ▁Grand ▁River ▁M ills . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 3 ▁William ▁Mun ro ▁joined ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁and |
▁Th orb urn ▁to ▁buy ▁out ▁McK inn on ' s ▁fl our ▁mill ing ▁business . ▁Thus , ▁the ▁tri o ▁had ▁the ▁successful ▁fl our ▁business ▁in ▁C aled onia ▁all ▁to ▁themselves . ▁The ▁fire ▁that ▁required ▁re building ▁of ▁the ▁North side ▁mill ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁didn ' t ▁hold ▁them ▁back . ▁The ▁partners hip ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁largest ▁deal ers ▁in ▁gra in ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁H ald im and . ▁ ▁The ▁H ald im and ▁Atlas ▁of ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁also ▁states ▁they ▁were ▁turning ▁out ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁bar rel s ▁week ly , ▁pay ing ▁out ▁in ▁c ash ▁a ▁half ▁million ▁dollars ▁ann ually , ▁sh ipping ▁mostly ▁to ▁Montreal ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁sold ▁in ▁the ▁lower ▁provinces ▁of ▁Canada ▁and ▁Europe . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁they ▁sh ipped ▁ 6 0 0 0 ▁bar rel s ▁direct ▁to ▁Glasgow , ▁Scotland . ▁Emp loyment ▁to ▁about ▁ 4 0 ▁men ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁prosper ity ▁of ▁the ▁village . ▁ ▁The ▁C aled onia ▁Dam ▁was ▁registered ▁to ▁them ▁under ▁a ▁" B arg ain ▁and ▁S ale " ▁from ▁the ▁H ald im and ▁Navigation ▁Company ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 5 . ▁P urch asing ▁and ▁improvements ▁cost ▁$ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁which ▁allowed ▁them ▁to ▁furn ish ▁water ▁power ▁to ▁McK inn on ' s ▁W ool len ▁mill ▁and ▁a ▁pl |
aster ▁mill . ▁ ▁They ▁were ▁anxious ▁to ▁secure ▁the ▁ere ction ▁of ▁some ▁other ▁manufact uring ▁establishment ▁to ▁which ▁they ▁ ▁would ▁furn ish ▁water ▁power ▁at ▁a ▁reasonable ▁rate . ▁Things ▁seemed ▁to ▁be ▁going ▁very ▁well ▁for ▁Mc Qu ar rie , ▁Th orb urn , ▁and ▁Mun ro , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁at las . ▁ ▁But ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁the ▁golden ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁partners hip ▁came ▁to ▁an ▁ab rupt ▁halt ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁declared ▁bank rupt . ▁One ▁w onders ▁what ▁part ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁re building ▁of ▁the ▁North side ▁mill ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁financial ▁difficulty , ▁and ▁or ▁just ▁how ▁true ▁the ▁h ype ▁really ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁H ald im and ▁Atlas ▁account . ▁ ▁The ▁North side ▁mill ▁was ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁Robert ▁Sh ir ra . ▁ ▁Scott ▁Brothers ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁an ▁employee ▁of ▁Grand ▁River ▁M ills , ▁William ▁Scott , ▁a ▁younger ▁brother - in - law ▁of ▁Mun ro , ▁who ▁wanted ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁mill ing ▁of ▁fl our ▁continue ▁at ▁the ▁South side ▁mill . ▁So ▁he ▁formed ▁a ▁partners hip ▁called ▁Scott ▁Brothers ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁joined ▁by ▁his ▁brothers ▁Samuel ▁and ▁Hugh ▁and ▁his ▁brother - in - law ▁S ime on ▁H ew itt , ▁a ▁lawyer , ▁of ▁Br ant ford . ▁ ▁Samuel ▁Scott ▁and ▁S ime on ▁H ew itt ▁are ▁claimed |
▁to ▁be ▁the ▁financial ▁princip als . ▁Robert ▁Sh ir ra ▁paid ▁$ 1 4 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁und iv ided ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁rights ▁and ▁privileges ▁in ▁the ▁dam , ▁Samuel ▁Scott ▁paid ▁$ 9 , 8 0 0 ▁for ▁an ▁und iv ided ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁rights ▁and ▁privileges ▁in ▁the ▁dam . ▁An ▁agreement ▁of ▁January ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁stated ▁that ▁William ▁and ▁High ▁Scott , ▁and ▁Robert ▁Sh ir ra ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁parties ▁would ▁be ▁responsible ▁for ▁an ▁und iv ided ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁dam , ▁water ▁and ▁maintenance . ▁ ▁In ▁Feb . ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁a ▁declaration ▁of ▁trust ▁stated ▁that ▁Samuel , ▁William ▁and ▁Hugh ▁Scott ▁and ▁S ime on ▁H ew itt ▁as ▁own ers ▁in ▁equal ▁shares ▁of ▁Bal m oral ▁M ills ▁including ▁share ▁in ▁the ▁dam . ▁ ▁Samuel ▁Scott ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁and ▁in ▁time ▁William ▁became ▁convinced ▁that ▁their ▁mill ▁might ▁be ▁better ▁served ▁another ▁way . ▁He ▁can v ass ed ▁many ▁of ▁his ▁far mer ▁friends ▁and ▁customers ▁for ▁miles ▁around ▁C aled onia ▁persu ading ▁them ▁to ▁invest ▁in ▁shares ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁mill ing ▁firm . ▁There ▁were ▁successful ▁examples ▁in ▁other ▁mill ing ▁establish ments . ▁And ▁so ▁on ▁Feb ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁The ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁Limited ▁received ▁its ▁provincial ▁char ter ▁and ▁in ▁March , ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁a ▁B |
arg ain ▁and ▁S ale ▁was ▁recorded : ▁" Will iam ▁Scot ▁and ▁wife ▁and ▁Hugh ▁Scott ▁and ▁wife ▁to ▁The ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ing ▁Co . ▁Ltd . ▁Supp osed ▁fl our ing ▁mill ▁and ▁an ▁und iv ided ▁interest ▁in ▁Dam ▁# 5 ▁– ▁ 2 ▁acres , ▁ 2 ▁ro ods , ▁ 9 ▁per ches ." ▁( A ▁ro od ▁is ▁the ▁fourth ▁part ▁of ▁an ▁a cre , ▁and ▁a ▁per ch ▁is ▁a ▁land ▁measure ▁of ▁ 5 ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁yards ). ▁ ▁The ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁Limited ▁ ▁The ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁( L im ited ) ▁received ▁its ▁char ter ▁February ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁with ▁capital ▁stock ▁of ▁$ 2 5 , 0 0 0 , ▁divided ▁into ▁ 5 0 0 ▁shares ▁of ▁$ 5 0 ▁each . ▁Each ▁share holder ▁was ▁to ▁pay ▁ 2 0 % ▁on ▁or ▁before ▁the ▁first ▁day ▁of ▁December ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁and ▁the ▁balance ▁at ▁six ▁percent ▁per ▁an num ▁was ▁due ▁within ▁one ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁new ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁( L im ited ) ▁would ▁be ▁taking ▁over ▁the ▁manufact uring ▁and ▁merchant ▁mill ing ▁business ▁of ▁the ▁firm ▁of ▁Scott ▁Brothers ▁of ▁the ▁Town ▁of ▁C aled onia ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁H ald im and . ▁Farm ers ▁would ▁be ▁forming ▁a ▁joint ▁stock ▁company ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁purch asing ▁and |
▁taking ▁over ▁the ▁business ▁of ▁what ▁we ▁know ▁today ▁as ▁the ▁Old ▁Mill ▁and ▁all ▁other ▁business es ▁and ▁property ▁owned ▁by ▁Scott ▁Brothers . ▁William ▁Scott ▁would ▁manage ▁the ▁business ▁for ▁the ▁company . ▁ ▁A ▁prov is ional ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁was ▁set ▁up ▁to ▁pay ▁necessary ▁pre lim inary ▁and ▁promotion ▁exp enses ▁and ▁then ▁to ▁pay ▁Scott ▁Brothers ▁for ▁the ▁business ▁and ▁property ▁within ▁three ▁years ▁from ▁the ▁date ▁of ▁the ▁incorpor ation . ▁When ▁one ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁stock ▁was ▁subscri bed ▁and ▁ 2 0 % ▁paid , ▁application ▁was ▁made ▁for ▁the ▁incorpor ation ▁of ▁The ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁( L im ited ). ▁The ▁Pro vis ional ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁had ▁to ▁appro ve ▁the ▁subscri ptions ▁for ▁stock . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁prospect us ▁for ▁purch asing , ▁the ▁property ▁which ▁was ▁located ▁partly ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁C aled onia ▁and ▁partly ▁in ▁the ▁Township ▁of ▁One ida ▁consisted ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁modern ▁and ▁recently ▁ref itted ▁and ▁improved ▁roll er ▁mill ▁known ▁as ▁" The ▁Bal m oral ▁M ills " ▁with ▁about ▁three ▁acres ▁of ▁land , ▁ownership ▁of ▁one - half ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁dam ▁across ▁the ▁Grand ▁River ▁and ▁of ▁all ▁rights ▁connected , ▁two ▁Fl our ▁and ▁Fe ed ▁St ores ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁lands ▁on ▁which ▁they ▁stood ▁and ▁a ▁large ▁storage ▁and ▁sh ipping ▁w are house ▁on ▁the ▁lands ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁Tr unk ▁Railway ▁Company ▁at ▁their ▁station |
▁in ▁C aled onia . ▁ ▁C aled onia , ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁wealth iest ▁and ▁fin est ▁whe at ▁producing ▁districts ▁in ▁Canada , ▁the ▁water ▁power ▁hard ▁to ▁equal ▁and ▁the ▁railway ▁sh ipping ▁facilities ▁all ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁desired . ▁ ▁The ▁Bal m oral ▁Fl our ing ▁Mill , ▁formerly ▁a ▁four ▁run ▁stone ▁mill ▁of ▁first ▁class ▁reputation , ▁had ▁a ▁modern ▁improved ▁system ▁of ▁pat ent ▁roll s ▁with ▁an ▁easy ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 ▁bar rel s ▁per ▁day . ▁Its ▁fl our ▁had ▁earned ▁a ▁high ▁reputation ▁in ▁the ▁general ▁mark ets ▁and ▁commanded ▁a ▁ready ▁sale . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁incorpor ation ▁it ▁was ▁run ▁by ▁water ▁power ▁rarely ▁equ alled ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁which ▁would ▁add ▁to ▁the ▁prof its ▁of ▁the ▁business . ▁ ▁The ▁Village ▁Fl our ▁and ▁Fe ed ▁Store ▁composed ▁part ▁of ▁lot ▁number ▁one ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁of ▁Arg yle ▁Street ▁corner ▁of ▁Ca ith ness ▁St . ▁However , ▁the ▁new ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁would ▁own ▁the ▁entire ▁building ▁which ▁contained ▁the ▁head ▁office , ▁and ▁two ▁other ▁stores ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁upper ▁store ys ▁which ▁would ▁be ▁r ented ▁at ▁rem un er ative ▁prices . ▁It ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁valuable ▁properties ▁in ▁the ▁town . ▁ ▁The ▁other ▁store ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁C aled onia ▁Fl our ▁and ▁Fe ed ▁Store ▁was ▁on ▁the ▁east |
▁side ▁of ▁W ig ton ▁Street , ▁on ▁the ▁second ▁division ▁of ▁lot ▁number ▁ 1 0 , ▁South side ▁of ▁For far ▁Street , ▁and ▁was ▁said ▁also ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁valuable ▁property ▁and ▁a ▁good ▁business . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁store h ouses ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁the ▁fl our ▁and ▁feed ▁stores ▁that ▁were ▁capable ▁of ▁storing ▁large ▁quantities ▁of ▁gra in ▁too . ▁The ▁store house ▁on ▁lands ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁Tr unk ▁Railway ▁Company ▁was ▁under ▁a ▁ground ▁le ase ▁from ▁Grand ▁Tr unk , ▁had ▁a ▁switch ▁from ▁the ▁railway ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁it ▁and ▁had ▁capital ▁facilities ▁for ▁storing ▁and ▁sh ipping . ▁ ▁Later ▁history ▁ ▁The ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ing ▁Company ▁surrender ed ▁its ▁char ter ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁Im medi ately , ▁the ▁mill s ▁and ▁their ▁ad jo ining ▁properties ▁were ▁sold ▁off ▁to ▁a ▁company ▁by ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁L H & J ▁Enter pr ises , ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁three ▁gentlemen . ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁it ▁seems ▁that ▁L H & J ▁had ▁sold ▁the ▁north ▁mill ▁and ▁were ▁le asing ▁the ▁south ▁mill ▁to ▁Jan ▁and ▁Le ona ▁But a . ▁ ▁The ▁north ▁mill ▁burn ed ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁ ▁Through ▁a ▁change ▁of ▁hands , ▁the ▁south ▁mill ▁was ▁purchased ▁by ▁the ▁Grand ▁River ▁Conserv ation ▁Author ity , ▁who ▁were ▁hoping ▁to ▁turn ▁the ▁site ▁into ▁a ▁conservation |
▁area ▁and ▁park . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁they ▁put ▁the ▁mill ▁up ▁for ▁demol ition . ▁A ▁committee ▁of ▁the ▁Golden ▁H ors es ho e ▁Ant ique ▁Society ▁saved ▁the ▁mill ▁from ▁demol ition ▁by ▁having ▁it ▁designated ▁under ▁the ▁Ontario ▁Heritage ▁Act ▁through ▁the ▁H ald im and ▁County ▁L AC AC ▁( Local ▁Arch itect ural ▁Conserv ation ▁Ad vis ory ▁Committee ). ▁ ▁The ▁Golden ▁H ors es ho e ▁Mill ▁Committee ▁put ▁up ▁a ▁new ▁roof , ▁and ▁re - p aint ed ▁the ▁mill ▁building . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁The ▁C aled onia ▁Old ▁Mill ▁Corporation ▁was ▁formed ▁by ▁community ▁members ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁rest oration ▁of ▁the ▁mill . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁Mill ▁was ▁sold ▁for ▁$ 1 ▁to ▁R ivers ide ▁properties ▁who ▁have ▁since ▁demol ished ▁the ▁structure ▁and ▁plan ▁to ▁turn ▁the ▁site ▁into ▁an ▁office ▁complex . ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁( Arch itecture ) ▁ ▁Power ▁The ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ▁was ▁power ed ▁by ▁three ▁water ▁tur b ines . ▁One ▁being ▁significantly ▁smaller ▁than ▁the ▁others . ▁Most ▁lines haft ing ▁which ▁connect s ▁le ather ▁bel ts ▁and ▁pul le ys ▁to ▁mach in ery ▁is ▁still ▁connected ▁to ▁the ▁tur b ines ▁which ▁are ▁currently ▁still ▁in ▁place . ▁ ▁Equ ip ment ▁The ▁Mill ▁contained ▁a ▁large ▁amount ▁of ▁its ▁mach in ery , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁mach in ery ▁transport ed ▁from |
▁App s ▁Mill ▁near ▁Br ant ford , ▁Ontario . ▁Mach in ery ▁on ▁display ▁in ▁the ▁mill ▁prior ▁to ▁demol ition ▁included : ▁Rol ler ▁M ills , ▁cent rif ug al ▁fl our ▁dress er , ▁swing - s ieve ▁s if ter , ▁several ▁bol ting ▁re els , ▁separ ators , ▁pur ifiers , ▁and ▁bucket ▁elev ator ▁systems . ▁ ▁Later ▁Ext ensions ▁There ▁have ▁been ▁two ▁major ▁add itions ▁to ▁the ▁Mill . ▁The ▁first ▁occurred ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 0 s ▁when ▁a ▁two ▁story ▁L - sh aped ▁addition ▁was ▁added . ▁The ▁second ▁was ▁a ▁two - story ▁an nex ▁added ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 0 s . ▁The ▁three ▁sections ▁combine ▁to ▁make ▁up ▁the ▁look ▁of ▁mill ▁as ▁it ▁stands ▁today . ▁ ▁The ▁Mill ▁featured ▁a ▁distinct ive ▁cup ola , ▁a ▁decor ative ▁feature ▁rarely ▁seen ▁in ▁Canadian ▁mill s ▁of ▁the ▁era . ▁The ▁cup ola ▁gave ▁a ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁River ▁Bridge , ▁the ▁only ▁nine - span ▁bridge ▁in ▁Canada . ▁It ▁is ▁likely ▁that ▁this ▁cup ola ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁allow ▁light ▁to ▁sh ine ▁on ▁lines haft ing ▁on ▁the ▁top ▁floor ▁of ▁the ▁building . ▁ ▁Us age ▁The ▁Mill ▁building ▁was ▁demol ished ▁by ▁R ivers ide ▁Properties ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁and ▁work ▁has ▁comm enced ▁on ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁an ▁office ▁complex . ▁ ▁O wn ers ▁The ▁land ▁on ▁which ▁the ▁Mill ▁once |
▁stood ▁is ▁now ▁owned ▁by ▁R ivers ide ▁Properties . ▁The ▁river - front ▁park ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁H ald im and ▁County , ▁and ▁the ▁Mill race ▁or ▁Head ▁race ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁Grand ▁River ▁Conserv ation ▁Author ity . ▁ ▁Ten ants ▁For ▁a ▁short ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s , ▁the ▁Mill ▁was ▁util ized ▁by ▁the ▁Grand ▁Mill ▁Theatre ▁Company ▁who ▁used ▁the ▁main ▁floor ▁as ▁a ▁performing ▁arts ▁space . ▁ ▁Public ▁Access ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁mill ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁Do ors ▁Open ▁H ald im and ▁County . ▁The ▁river - front ▁park ▁is ▁util ized ▁by ▁many ▁organizations ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁scen ic ▁location ▁along ▁the ▁Grand ▁River . ▁ ▁Notable ▁Events ▁/ ▁Cultura ▁& ▁Media ▁ ▁Notable ▁Events ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁the ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ▁was ▁home ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁winter ▁light ▁displays ▁in ▁Southern ▁Ontario . ▁The ▁display ▁which ▁ran ▁each ▁year ▁from ▁late ▁November ▁to ▁early ▁January ▁attract s ▁thousands . ▁A ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁hol iday ▁lights ▁are ▁synchron ized ▁to ▁popular ▁hol iday ▁music . ▁ ▁Culture ▁& ▁Media ▁The ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ▁is ▁featured ▁on ▁many ▁websites ▁including ▁Facebook , ▁YouTube , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁website ▁for ▁the ▁C aled onia ▁Old ▁Mill ▁Corporation . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁C aled onia , ▁Ontario ▁ ▁C aled onia ▁Bridge ▁ ▁C aled onia ▁Dam ▁ ▁H ald |
im and ▁House ▁ ▁Fl our ▁mill ▁ ▁Fl our ▁Mill ing ▁ ▁Reference ▁Notes ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁</ ref > ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Old ▁Mill ▁Corporation ▁Website ▁ ▁C aled onia ▁Mill ▁History ▁ ▁Tour ism ▁C aled onia ▁Website ▁ ▁Category : W at erm ills ▁in ▁Canada ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁H ald im and ▁County ▁Category : Gr inding ▁mill s ▁in ▁Canada <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Washington ▁State ▁C oug ars ▁football ▁team ▁represented ▁Washington ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁F BS ▁football ▁season . ▁Head ▁coach ▁Paul ▁W ul ff ▁was ▁in ▁his ▁third ▁season ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Pacific - 1 0 ▁Conference . ▁The ▁team ▁played ▁its ▁home ▁games ▁on ▁campus ▁at ▁Martin ▁Stadium ▁in ▁P ull man , ▁Washington . ▁The ▁C oug ars ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁ 2 – 1 0 , ▁ 1 – 8 ▁in ▁Pac - 1 0 ▁play . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁Game ▁summar ies ▁ ▁Oklahoma ▁State ▁ ▁Mont ana ▁State ▁ ▁Southern ▁Method ist ▁ ▁Southern ▁California ▁ ▁U CLA ▁ ▁After ▁scoring ▁ 2 1 ▁un answer ed ▁points ▁to ▁lead ▁the ▁Bru ins ▁ 2 8 - 2 0 , ▁the ▁C oug ars ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁hold ▁the ▁lead . ▁The ▁Bru ins ▁came ▁back ▁with ▁three ▁touch down s ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁half ▁for ▁the ▁victory . ▁ ▁Oregon ▁ ▁Arizona ▁ ▁Stan ford |
▁ ▁Arizona ▁State ▁ ▁California ▁ ▁Oregon ▁State ▁ ▁The ▁C oug ars ▁came ▁into ▁Cor v all is ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 - 9 ▁record , ▁and ▁a ▁ 1 6 - game ▁Pac - 1 0 ▁losing ▁stre ak . ▁The ▁C oug ars ▁took ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁game ▁early , ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 4 - 0 ▁lead . ▁The ▁C oug ars ▁would ▁walk ▁away ▁with ▁a ▁ 3 1 - 1 4 ▁victory ▁against ▁the ▁Be a vers , ▁ending ▁the ▁ 1 6 ▁game ▁conference ▁losing ▁stre ak . ▁ ▁Washington ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Washington ▁State ▁C oug ars ▁Category : W ashington ▁State ▁C oug ars ▁football ▁seasons ▁Washington ▁State ▁C oug ars ▁f <0x0A> </s> ▁Gate ▁School ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Gate ▁School ▁( G ate , ▁Oklahoma ), ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Be aver ▁County , ▁Oklahoma ▁Gate ▁School ▁( G ate , ▁Washington ), ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Th ur ston ▁County , ▁Washington <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁computing , ▁a ▁keyboard ▁shortcut ▁is ▁a ▁sequence ▁or ▁combination ▁of ▁ke yst ro kes ▁on ▁a ▁computer ▁keyboard ▁which ▁inv okes ▁commands ▁in ▁software . ▁ ▁Most ▁keyboard ▁shortcut s ▁require ▁the ▁user ▁to ▁press ▁a ▁single ▁key ▁or ▁a ▁sequence ▁of ▁keys ▁one ▁after ▁the ▁other . ▁Other ▁keyboard ▁shortcut s ▁require ▁pressing ▁and ▁holding ▁several ▁keys ▁simultaneously ▁( ind ic ated ▁in ▁the ▁tables ▁below ▁by ▁this ▁sign : ▁+ ). ▁Key |
board ▁shortcut s ▁may ▁depend ▁on ▁the ▁keyboard ▁layout . ▁ ▁Com parison ▁of ▁keyboard ▁shortcut s ▁▁ ▁Key board ▁shortcut s ▁are ▁a ▁common ▁aspect ▁of ▁most ▁modern ▁operating ▁systems ▁and ▁associated ▁software ▁applications . ▁Their ▁use ▁is ▁per vas ive ▁enough ▁that ▁some ▁users ▁consider ▁them ▁an ▁important ▁element ▁of ▁their ▁routine ▁interactions ▁with ▁a ▁computer . ▁Whether ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁matter ▁of ▁personal ▁preference ▁or ▁for ▁adapt ive ▁technology , ▁the ▁per vas iveness ▁of ▁common ▁convent ions ▁means ▁that ▁a ▁meaning ful ▁comparison ▁of ▁keyboard ▁shortcut s ▁can ▁be ▁made ▁across ▁various ▁widely ▁used ▁operating ▁systems . ▁ ▁C ells ▁with ▁a ▁yellow ▁background ▁in ▁the ▁tables ▁below ▁denote ▁Apple ' s ▁" s ac red " ▁key bind ings . ▁ ▁General ▁shortcut s ▁ ▁A ▁note ▁regarding ▁K DE ' s ▁shortcut s ▁is ▁that ▁they ▁can ▁be ▁changed ▁and ▁the ▁below ▁list ▁contains ▁the ▁defaults . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁combinations ▁are ▁not ▁true ▁for ▁local ized ▁versions ▁of ▁operating ▁systems . ▁For ▁example , ▁in ▁a ▁non - English ▁version ▁of ▁Windows , ▁the ▁Edit ▁menu ▁is ▁not ▁always ▁bound ▁to ▁the ▁ ▁shortcut . ▁Furthermore , ▁many ▁shortcut s ▁( such ▁as ▁, ▁, ▁etc .) ▁are ▁just ▁common ▁convent ions ▁and ▁are ▁not ▁handled ▁by ▁the ▁operating ▁system . ▁Whether ▁such ▁commands ▁are ▁implemented ▁( or ▁not ) ▁depends ▁on ▁how ▁an ▁actual ▁application ▁program ▁( such ▁as ▁an ▁editor ) ▁is ▁written . ▁Not ▁all ▁applications ▁follow ▁( all ▁of ) ▁these ▁convent |
ions , ▁so ▁if ▁it ▁doesn ' t ▁work , ▁it ▁isn ' t ▁compatible . ▁i ▁ ▁Navigation ▁ ▁Power ▁management ▁ ▁S creens h ots ▁ ▁Text ▁editing ▁ ▁Many ▁of ▁these ▁commands ▁may ▁be ▁combined ▁with ▁ ▁to ▁select ▁a ▁region ▁of ▁text . ▁ ▁Text ▁formatting ▁ ▁Brow sers ▁/ ▁Go ▁menu ▁ ▁Web ▁browsers ▁ ▁Tab ▁management ▁ ▁Window ▁management ▁ ▁User ▁interface ▁navigation ▁( widget s ▁and ▁controls ) ▁ ▁Command ▁line ▁shortcut s ▁ ▁Below ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁common ▁keyboard ▁shortcut s ▁that ▁are ▁used ▁in ▁a ▁command ▁line ▁environment . ▁ ▁Access ibility ▁▁ ▁In ▁Windows , ▁it ▁is ▁possible ▁to ▁disable ▁these ▁shortcut s ▁using ▁the ▁Access ibility ▁or ▁E ase ▁of ▁Access ▁control ▁panel . ▁ ▁In ▁G NO ME , ▁these ▁shortcut s ▁are ▁possible , ▁if ▁Universal ▁Access ▁is ▁enabled ▁on ▁the ▁system . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Key board ▁shortcut ▁ ▁Microsoft ▁Windows ▁key ▁shortcut s ▁ ▁Common ▁User ▁Access ▁( C U A ) ▁ ▁Computer ▁keyboard ▁ ▁Human ▁interface ▁gu idel ines ▁ ▁Point ing ▁device ▁gesture ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁mac OS ▁ ▁Mac ▁keyboard ▁shortcut s ▁ ▁Key board ▁shortcut s ▁in ▁Safari ▁for ▁Mac ▁ ▁Windows ▁ ▁Key board ▁shortcut s ▁in ▁Windows ▁ ▁Linux ▁ ▁G NO ME ▁ ▁Use ful ▁Key board ▁Short cut s ▁ ▁Key board ▁Navigation ▁ ▁Set ▁Key board ▁Short cut s ▁ ▁Universal ▁Access ▁ ▁Us age ▁ ▁Key board ▁Inter action ▁ |
▁library . gn ome . org ▁for ▁the ▁latest ▁documentation ▁of ▁un stable ▁ ▁G NO ME ▁Web : ▁G NO ME ▁Web ▁keyboard ▁shortcut s ▁ ▁K DE ▁ ▁K DE ▁Fund ament als : ▁Common ▁Key board ▁Short cut s ▁ ▁K DE ▁Community ▁Wik i : ▁K DE ▁Visual ▁Design ▁Group / H IG / Key board ▁Short cut s ▁ ▁Office ▁Su ites ▁ ▁Apache ▁Open Office ▁or ▁Lib re Office ▁ ▁Open Office . org ▁and ▁Lib re Office ▁keyboard ▁shortcut s ▁ ▁Web ▁Brow sers ▁ ▁Chrome ▁or ▁Ch rom ium : ▁Google ▁Chrome ▁keyboard ▁shortcut s ▁ ▁Firefox : ▁Firefox ▁browser ▁keyboard ▁shortcut s ▁ ▁Opera : ▁Opera ▁browser ▁keyboard ▁shortcut s ▁ ▁Category : User ▁interface ▁techniques <0x0A> </s> ▁E os ent omon ▁can arin um ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁prot ur an ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁E os ent om idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Africa . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pro t ura ▁Category : Art icles ▁created ▁by ▁Q bug bot ▁Category : Anim als ▁described ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 <0x0A> </s> ▁Hugo ▁Ob weg es er ▁( 2 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁– ▁ 2 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Aust rian ▁Or al ▁Sur geon ▁and ▁Pl astic ▁Sur geon ▁who ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁the ▁modern ▁orth ogn ath ic ▁surg ery . ▁In ▁his ▁publication ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁first |
▁sur geon ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁simultane ous ▁procedure ▁which ▁involved ▁sur ger ies ▁of ▁both ▁Max illa ▁and ▁Mand ible ▁involving ▁Le ▁Fort ▁I ▁and ▁Bil ater al ▁S ag itt al ▁Split ▁O ste ot omy ▁technique . ▁ ▁Career ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁Hugo ▁attended ▁the ▁Rock it ans ky ▁Institute ▁of ▁Path ological ▁An atom y ▁at ▁University ▁of ▁Vienna ▁after ▁he ▁consult ed ▁his ▁uncle ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁phys ician . ▁He ▁received ▁ 1 ▁year ▁of ▁general ▁surg ery ▁training , ▁ 2 ▁years ▁of ▁path ology ▁training . ▁Then ▁he ▁went ▁to ▁Gra z ▁University ▁to ▁train ▁in ▁Or al ▁and ▁Max illo fa cial ▁S urg ery ▁under ▁Richard ▁Tra un er . ▁He ▁trained ▁there ▁for ▁ 6 ▁years ▁and ▁performed ▁many ▁sur ger ies ▁related ▁to ▁war ▁inj uries . ▁Hugo ▁then ▁left ▁to ▁train ▁under ▁Harold ▁Gill ies , ▁who ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁modern ▁pl astic ▁and ▁re construct ive ▁surg ery . ▁He ▁worked ▁with ▁him ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁Hugo ▁was ▁also ▁influenced ▁by ▁Dr . ▁Paul ▁T ess ier ▁whom ▁he ▁learned ▁how ▁to ▁advance ▁the ▁entire ▁middle ▁third ▁of ▁the ▁face . ▁Thus ▁he ▁eventually ▁ended ▁up ▁att aining ▁degrees ▁in ▁Or al ▁and ▁max illo fa cial ▁surg ery , ▁pl astic ▁surg ery ▁and ▁general ▁surg ery . ▁ ▁Le ▁Fort ▁I ▁o ste ot omy ▁ ▁Ob weg es er ▁developed |
▁the ▁modern ▁Le ▁Fort ▁I ▁o ste ot omy ▁procedure ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁completely ▁imm obil ized ▁the ▁max illa . ▁His ▁technique ▁involved ▁the ▁p ter yg om ax ill ary ▁dis j unction . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁pro ponent ▁of ▁using ▁b one ▁gra ft ▁between ▁the ▁p tery go id ▁pl ates ▁and ▁max ill ary ▁tub eros ities . ▁Ob weg es er ' s ▁surg ical ▁technique ▁was ▁confirmed ▁by ▁William ▁Bell ' s ▁research ▁on ▁animals ▁where ▁the ▁vas cul ature ▁integrity ▁of ▁max illa ▁was ▁confirmed . ▁He ▁also ▁published ▁a ▁paper ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁where ▁he ▁described ▁the ▁two ▁j aw ▁surg ery ▁being ▁performed ▁simultaneously . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁when ▁Ob weg es er ▁introduced ▁his ▁orth ogn ath ic ▁surg ery ▁techniques ▁to ▁sur ge ons ▁of ▁North ▁America . ▁This ▁took ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁American ▁Society ▁of ▁Or al ▁S urg ery ▁meeting ▁at ▁the ▁Walter ▁Re ed ▁Military ▁Hospital , ▁Washington ▁DC . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁wrote ▁a ▁text book ▁called ▁Mand ib ular ▁G row th ▁An om al ies : ▁Term in ology - A eti ology ▁Di agn osis ▁- ▁Tre at ment . ▁ ▁Pos itions ▁and ▁awards ▁ ▁Journal ▁of ▁Or al ▁and ▁Max illo fa cial ▁S urg ery , ▁Editor - in - Ch ief ▁ ▁German ▁Society ▁of ▁Or al ▁and ▁Max illo fa cial ▁S urg ery , ▁Past - Pres |
ident ▁ ▁European ▁Association ▁of ▁Max illo fa cial ▁S urg ery , ▁Past - Pres ident ▁ ▁Sem mel weis - M edic ine ▁University , ▁Medal ▁of ▁Honor ▁ ▁Down ▁S urg ical ▁Prize ▁by ▁British ▁Association ▁of ▁Or al ▁and ▁Max illo fa cial ▁Sur ge ons ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Cond yl ar ▁hyper pl asia ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : A ust rian ▁sur ge ons ▁Category : 1 9 2 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Chile an ▁president ial ▁election ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 5 ▁and ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 8 2 9 , ▁through ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁elect ors . ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁The ▁newly ▁en act ed ▁Constitution ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 8 ▁provided ▁that ▁the ▁President ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁chosen ▁by ▁elect ors . ▁Two ▁hundred ▁and ▁six teen ▁elect ors , ▁three ▁for ▁each ▁con gress man , ▁were ▁to ▁be ▁chosen . ▁Each ▁elect or ▁voted ▁for ▁two ▁names , ▁without ▁specifying ▁which ▁vote ▁was ▁for ▁President ▁or ▁Vice ▁President . ▁ ▁The ▁election ▁was ▁subject ▁to ▁ab uses , ▁so ▁elect ors ▁gave ▁their ▁vote ▁to ▁Francisco ▁Antonio ▁P into ▁and ▁to ▁Jo aqu ín ▁Vic u ña . ▁▁ ▁Even ▁though ▁P into ▁was ▁accepted ▁as ▁President , ▁his ▁res ignation ▁and ▁replacement ▁by ▁Vice ▁President ▁Jo aqu ín ▁Vic u ña ▁triggered ▁the ▁Chile an ▁Civil ▁War ▁of ▁ |
1 8 2 9 . ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Source : ▁Res umen ▁de ▁la ▁Historia ▁de ▁Chile ▁( Enc ina - Cast edo ) ▁▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁Category : 1 8 2 9 ▁elections ▁in ▁South ▁America ▁Category : Ch ile an ▁Civil ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 9 – 3 0 ▁Category : 1 8 2 9 ▁in ▁Chile ▁Category : May ▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁events <0x0A> </s> ▁Pam ela ▁K yle ▁Cross ley ▁( born ▁ 1 8 ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 3 ) ▁is ▁an ▁historian ▁of ▁modern ▁China , ▁northern ▁Asia , ▁and ▁global ▁history ▁and ▁holds ▁the ▁Charles ▁and ▁El fried e ▁Coll is ▁Professor ▁of ▁History , ▁D art mouth ▁College . ▁She ▁is ▁a ▁found ing ▁appointment ▁of ▁the ▁D art mouth ▁Society ▁of ▁F ell ows . ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁author ▁of ▁The ▁W obb ling ▁P ivot : ▁China ▁since ▁ 1 8 0 0 : ▁An ▁Inter pret ive ▁History ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁influ ential ▁studies ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁dynast y ▁( 1 6 4 4 – 1 9 1 1 ) ▁and ▁leading ▁text books ▁in ▁global ▁history . ▁Cross ley ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁an ▁interpretation ▁of ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁tw enti eth - century ▁ident ities . ▁In ▁her ▁view ▁over land ▁con quest ▁by ▁the ▁great ▁emp ires ▁of ▁early ▁modern ▁E uras ia ▁produced ▁a ▁special ▁form ▁of ▁r ul ership ▁which ▁gave ▁high ▁priority ▁to |
▁the ▁institution al ization ▁of ▁cultural ▁identity . ▁Cross ley ▁suggests ▁that ▁these ▁concepts ▁were ▁encoded ▁in ▁political ▁practice ▁and ▁academic ▁disc ourse ▁on ▁" n ational ism ," ▁and ▁pre va iled ▁till ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁tw enti eth ▁century . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Cross ley ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Lima , ▁Ohio , ▁and ▁attended ▁high ▁school ▁in ▁Emma us , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁After ▁leaving ▁high ▁school ▁she ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁editor ial ▁assistant ▁and ▁writer ▁on ▁environmental ▁subjects ▁for ▁Rod ale ▁Press . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁she ▁graduated ▁from ▁Sw arth more ▁College , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁editor - in - ch ief ▁of ▁The ▁Phoenix ; ▁her ▁fellow ▁students ▁included ▁David ▁C . ▁Page , ▁Robert ▁Zo el lick , ▁Ben ▁Br ant ley , ▁Wing ▁Th ye ▁W oo , ▁Robert ▁P . ▁George , ▁Jac qu eline ▁Care y ▁and ▁David ▁G . ▁Brad ley . ▁At ▁Sw arth more ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁student ▁of ▁L ill ian ▁M . ▁Li ▁and ▁Bruce ▁C um ings , ▁and ▁as ▁an ▁under grad uate ▁began ▁gradu ate ▁study ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁with ▁Hil ary ▁Con roy . ▁She ▁later ▁entered ▁Y ale ▁University , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁student ▁of ▁Yu ▁Y ing - sh ih ▁and ▁Parker ▁Po - fe i ▁Hu ang , ▁and ▁wrote ▁a ▁dis sert ation ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁Jonathan ▁D . ▁Sp ence . ▁She ▁joined ▁the ▁D art mouth ▁College ▁fac ulty ▁in ▁Han over , |
▁New ▁Ham pshire , ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 . ▁After ▁David ▁Far qu har , ▁G ert ra ude ▁Roth ▁Li , ▁and ▁Be atrice ▁S . ▁Bart lett , ▁Cross ley ▁was ▁among ▁the ▁first ▁sch ol ars ▁writing ▁in ▁English ▁to ▁use ▁Man ch u - language ▁documents ▁to ▁research ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁Empire . ▁More ▁special ists ▁subsequently ▁adopted ▁this ▁practice . ▁Cross ley ▁is ▁a ▁G ug gen heim ▁fellow , ▁an ▁NE H ▁fellow ▁( 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2 ) ▁and ▁a ▁recip ient ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁for ▁Asian ▁Studies ▁Joseph ▁Le vens on ▁Book ▁Prize ▁for ▁A ▁Trans l uc ent ▁Mir ror . ▁D art mouth ▁students ▁have ▁given ▁her ▁the ▁Gold stein ▁Prize ▁for ▁teaching . ▁Cross ley ▁res ides ▁in ▁Nor wich , ▁Verm ont . ▁ ▁Publications ▁ ▁Most ▁recently ▁Cross ley ▁has ▁published ▁The ▁W obb ling ▁P ivot : ▁China ▁Since ▁ 1 8 0 0 , ▁An ▁Inter pret ive ▁History ▁which ▁takes ▁the ▁res ili ence ▁and ▁coh er ence ▁of ▁local ▁communities ▁in ▁China ▁as ▁a ▁theme ▁for ▁interpre ting ▁the ▁transition ▁from ▁the ▁late ▁imperial ▁to ▁the ▁modern ▁era . ▁Cross ley ' s ▁previous ▁books ▁are ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁( Pol ity ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ), ▁an ▁exam ination ▁of ▁narr ative ▁strateg ies ▁in ▁global ▁history ▁that ▁joins ▁a ▁new ▁series ▁of ▁short ▁intro duct ory ▁books ▁inspired ▁by |
▁E . H . ▁Car r ' s ▁What ▁is ▁History ?. ▁Cross ley ' s ▁books ▁on ▁Chinese ▁history ▁include ▁ ▁Or phan ▁War riors : ▁Three ▁Man ch u ▁Gener ations ▁and ▁the ▁End ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁World ▁( Pr inc eton ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 0 ); ▁The ▁Man chus ▁( Black well s ▁Publish ers , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ); ▁A ▁Trans l uc ent ▁Mir ror : ▁History ▁and ▁Identity ▁in ▁Q ing ▁Imperial ▁Ide ology ▁( Univers ity ▁of ▁California ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ). ▁She ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁co - author ▁of ▁the ▁best - s elling ▁global ▁history ▁text books , ▁The ▁Earth ▁and ▁its ▁Pe op les ▁( H ought on ▁M if fl in , ▁ 5 th ▁edition , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁and ▁Global ▁Society : ▁The ▁World ▁since ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁( H ought on ▁M if fl in , ▁ 2 nd ▁edition , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ). ▁Her ▁work ▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁two ▁separate ▁series ▁of ▁the ▁Cambridge ▁histor ies . ▁She ▁is ▁widely ▁published ▁both ▁in ▁academic ▁journ als ▁and ▁in ▁period ical s ▁such ▁as ▁London ▁Review ▁of ▁Books , ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal , ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁Liter ary ▁Supp lement , ▁The ▁New ▁Republic , ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁Magazine , ▁Far ▁Eastern ▁Econom ic ▁Review , ▁Cal li ope , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁online ▁editor ial ▁spaces ▁of ▁the ▁BBC |
. ▁She ▁has ▁participated ▁in ▁A & E ' s ▁" In ▁Search ▁of ..." ▁series ▁(" The ▁For b idden ▁City "). ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁the ▁new ▁educational ▁platform ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁Project ▁announced ▁that ▁Cross ley ▁would ▁produce ▁a ▁video ▁course ▁on ▁Modern ▁China ▁for ▁their ▁site . ▁Un us ually , ▁Cross ley ▁maintain s ▁an ▁err ata ▁page ▁for ▁her ▁publications , ▁including ▁ex changes ▁with ▁transl ators . ▁ ▁" Q ing ▁Studies ," ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁History " ▁and ▁criticism ▁by ▁Chinese ▁Academy ▁of ▁Social ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Cross ley ▁is ▁noted ▁for ▁her ▁work ▁in ▁what ▁has ▁been ▁called ▁either ▁New ▁Q ing ▁History ▁or ▁Q ing ▁Studies , ▁which ▁has ▁come ▁under ▁attack ▁by ▁Chinese ▁sch ol ars ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Chinese ▁Academy ▁of ▁Social ▁Sciences . ▁Cross ley ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁Man ch u ▁language , ▁religion , ▁documents , ▁and ▁custom s ▁remained ▁of ▁great ▁importance ▁to ▁the ▁Q ing ▁until ▁the ▁middle ▁nin ete enth ▁century . ▁Her ▁book ▁Or phan ▁War riors ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁develop ▁a ▁sust ained ▁critique ▁of ▁conventional ▁assumptions ▁of ▁" sin ic ization ." ▁She ▁agreed ▁that ▁assim ilation ▁and ▁acc ult uration ▁were ▁part ▁of ▁China ' s ▁history , ▁but ▁considered ▁" sin ic ization " ▁to ▁be ▁something ▁that ▁histor ians ▁had ▁im bu ed ▁with ▁a ▁char ism atic ▁quality ▁with ▁no ▁basis ▁in ▁fact . ▁She ▁disag re ed ▁with ▁earlier ▁sch ol ars ▁that ▁Man |
chus ▁had ▁been ▁" sin ic ized ", ▁but ▁she ▁did ▁not ▁argue ▁that ▁Man ch u ▁culture ▁in ▁modern ▁China ▁was ▁the ▁traditional ▁culture ▁of ▁Man ch uria . ▁R ather , ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁new ▁culture ▁of ▁individual ▁Man ch u ▁communities ▁in ▁China , ▁what ▁she ▁called ▁" the ▁sense ▁of ▁difference ▁that ▁has ▁no ▁out ward ▁sign ". ▁ ▁Many ▁histor ians ▁such ▁as ▁Jo anna ▁W ale y - C ohen ▁have ▁named ▁Cross ley ▁as ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁History " ▁school . ▁William ▁T . ▁R owe ▁of ▁Joh ns ▁Hop kins ▁University ▁describes ▁Cross ley ▁as ▁the ▁" p ione er " ▁of ▁these ▁new ▁ways ▁of ▁thinking ▁about ▁Q ing ▁history ." ▁ ▁Ear lier , ▁political ▁comment ator ▁Charles ▁Hor ner ▁pointed ▁to ▁Cross ley ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁current ▁histor ians ▁in ▁the ▁recon cept ual ization ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁period ▁and ▁its ▁significance , ▁which ▁he ▁did ▁not ▁refer ▁to ▁as ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁History ." . ▁ ▁In ▁publications ▁in ▁Korea ▁and ▁China ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Cross ley ▁has ▁written ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁two ▁tr ends ▁that ▁are ▁often ▁confl ated , ▁one ▁a ▁" Man ch u - center ed " ▁school ▁and ▁another ▁group ▁who ▁view ▁the ▁Q ing ▁emp ire ▁as ▁a ▁" histor ical ▁object " ▁in ▁its ▁own ▁right ▁( not ▁only ▁a ▁phase ▁in ▁Chinese ▁history ). ▁She ▁critic ized ▁the ▁" Man ch |
u - center ed " ▁school ▁for ▁rom antic ism ▁and ▁re lying ▁on ▁dis pro ved ▁theories ▁about ▁" Al ta ic " ▁language , ▁culture ▁and ▁history . ▁ ▁She ▁also ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁anal ys es ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁group ▁called ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁Histor ians " ▁by ▁W ale y - C ohen ▁and ▁later ▁popular ▁with ▁Chinese ▁histor ians ▁were ▁various ▁and ▁conflic ting , ▁and ▁that ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁History " ▁as ▁a ▁" school " ▁could ▁not ▁reason ably ▁be ▁extended ▁beyond ▁the ▁small ▁group ▁who ▁actually ▁called ▁themselves ▁writers ▁of ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁History ." ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁she ▁seems ▁to ▁have ▁included ▁herself ▁in ▁the ▁Q ing ▁emp ire ▁school , ▁which ▁she ▁calls ▁" Q ing ▁Studies ." ▁She ▁sees ▁the ▁Q ing ▁emp ire ▁not ▁as ▁a ▁Man ch u ▁emp ire ▁but ▁as ▁a ▁" sim ult aneous " ▁system ▁( like ▁many ▁other ▁historical ▁emp ires ) ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁em peror ▁is ▁not ▁sub ordinate ▁to ▁any ▁single ▁culture . ▁ ▁Of ▁Cross ley ' s ▁books , ▁only ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁has ▁been ▁successfully ▁translated ▁and ▁published ▁in ▁China . ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁Chinese ▁Academy ▁of ▁Social ▁Sciences ▁published ▁a ▁criticism ▁by ▁historian ▁Li ▁Zh iting ▁of ▁histor ians ▁he ▁called ▁a ▁" New ▁Q ing ▁History " ▁fa ction , ▁acc using ▁former ▁Association ▁for ▁Asian ▁Studies ▁President ▁ ▁Ev |
ely n ▁Raw ski , ▁Cross ley , ▁Mark ▁C . ▁Elli ott ▁and ▁James ▁A . ▁Mill ward ▁personally ▁as ▁being ▁apolog ists ▁for ▁imperial ism , ▁producing ▁fra ud ul ent ▁history ▁and ▁encourag ing ▁" spl itt ism " ▁in ▁border ▁areas . ▁This ▁followed ▁Internet ▁criticism ▁by ▁Chinese ▁post ers ▁of ▁Cross ley ' s ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁editor ial ▁in ▁the ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal , ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁contrast ed ▁the ▁international ▁found ations ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁revolution ▁in ▁China ▁with ▁the ▁narrow ▁national ism ▁of ▁the ▁hundred - year ▁celebr ation ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Poss ibly ▁Li ▁Zh iting ▁used ▁some ▁critic isms ▁that ▁Cross ley ▁herself ▁had ▁written ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ess ay ▁which ▁was ▁translated ▁into ▁both ▁Korean ▁and ▁Chinese ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁critic isms ▁by ▁Li ▁were ▁followed ▁by ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁associate ▁professor ▁Zh ong ▁Han ▁( Min zu ▁University ) ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁CA SS ▁online ▁journal , ▁sever ely ▁attack ing ▁ ▁both ▁Cross ley ▁personally ▁and ▁her ▁work . ▁In ▁a ▁subsequent ▁ess ay ▁Zh ong ▁continued ▁his ▁attack ▁on ▁Cross ley , ▁cit ing ▁errors ▁in ▁an ▁article ▁of ▁hers ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁translated ▁into ▁Chinese . ▁Cross ley ▁maintain s ▁a ▁vol umin ous ▁err ata ▁site ▁linked ▁to ▁her ▁fac ulty ▁page ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 5 ; ▁in ▁a |
▁twe et , ▁she ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁Zh ong ▁had ▁missed ▁the ▁" good ▁stuff " ▁and ▁recommended ▁that ▁he ▁visit ▁the ▁page . ▁Sub sequently , ▁Li u ▁W en p eng ▁den ounced ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁" Inner ▁Asia " ▁as ▁used ▁by ▁" New ▁Q ing " ▁histor ians , ▁apparently ▁following ▁Cross ley ' s ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁discussion ▁of ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Inner ▁Asian ▁term . ▁Crit ic ism ▁of ▁Cross ley , ▁Raw ski ▁and ▁" New ▁Q ing " ▁histor ians , ▁particularly ▁Elli ott ▁and ▁Mill ward , ▁continues ▁in ▁the ▁Chinese ▁press , ▁possibly ▁rein for cing ▁campaign s ▁against ▁" West ern ▁culture " ▁encourag ed ▁by ▁the ▁current ▁Chinese ▁government . ▁Cross ley ▁was ▁quoted ▁in ▁Ky odo ▁New ▁Service ▁as ▁saying , ▁" We ▁are ▁not ▁the ▁targets ," ▁and ▁that ▁Chinese ▁histor ians ▁using ▁non - Ch inese ▁documents ▁and ▁dealing ▁with ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁Q ing ▁emp ire ▁con quest s ▁were ▁the ▁real ▁targets . ▁ ▁Global ▁history ▁ ▁Cross ley ▁was ▁a ▁co - author ▁of ▁The ▁Earth ▁and ▁its ▁Pe op les , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁revolution ary ▁text ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁She ▁was ▁invited ▁to ▁write ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁in ▁a ▁Pol ity ▁Press ▁series ▁of ▁short ▁texts ▁introdu cing ▁historical ▁gen res ▁to ▁under grad u ates . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁study ▁of ▁" n arr ative ▁strateg ies " ▁used ▁by ▁histor ians ▁from |
▁many ▁cult ures , ▁over ▁history , ▁to ▁attempt ▁to ▁tell ▁" a ▁story ▁without ▁a ▁center ," ▁ ▁which ▁Cross ley ▁regards ▁as ▁the ▁defining ▁quality ▁of ▁" global ▁history ." ▁In ▁her ▁own ▁research ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁world ▁or ▁global ▁history ▁Cross ley ▁is ▁known ▁primarily ▁for ▁arg uing , ▁in ▁agreement ▁with ▁a ▁certain ▁number ▁of ▁other ▁histor ians ▁of ▁China , ▁that ▁not ▁only ▁material ▁but ▁also ▁cultural ▁and ▁political ▁tr ends ▁produced ▁an ▁" ear ly ▁modern " ▁period ▁across ▁E uras ia ▁from ▁about ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁to ▁about ▁ 1 8 0 0 . ▁She ▁has ▁commented ▁that ▁while ▁a ▁E uras ian ▁chron ology ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁used ▁for ▁teaching ▁is ▁possible ▁( as ▁in ▁the ▁example ▁of ▁early ▁modern ity ), ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁" global " ▁since ▁it ▁would ▁bring ▁together ▁Chinese ▁and ▁European ▁history ▁but ▁isol ate ▁the ▁histor ies ▁of ▁Africa , ▁Australia , ▁and ▁North ▁and ▁South ▁America . ▁ ▁Software ▁development ▁ ▁Cross ley ▁is ▁a ▁software ▁author , ▁and ▁has ▁created ▁applications ▁for ▁use ▁by ▁teachers , ▁profess ors , ▁community ▁organiz ers ▁to ▁manage ▁web ▁pages . ▁The ▁free ▁applications ▁are ▁spe cially ▁designed ▁for ▁display ▁of ▁all ▁" hor izont ally - written " ▁scripts , ▁and ▁integrate ▁functions ▁needed ▁for ▁instant ▁web ▁page ▁management . ▁A ▁widely ▁used ▁app ▁a ids ▁students ▁in ▁study ▁and ▁memor ization ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁classic ▁D ax ue ▁ 大 學 . ▁Other ▁software ▁makes |
▁this ▁famous ▁reference ▁work ▁E min ent ▁Chinese ▁of ▁the ▁Ch ' ing ▁Period ▁used ▁by ▁students ▁who ▁do ▁not ▁know ▁the ▁W ade – G iles ▁system ▁accessible , ▁and ▁also ▁integr ates ▁to ▁Harvard ▁University ▁G IS ▁database . ▁It ▁is ▁available ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁( link ) ▁both ▁as ▁a ▁web ▁interface ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁desktop ▁internet ▁application . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Who ' s ▁Who ▁in ▁America ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁" Ch ina ▁at ▁the ▁Center ▁of ▁E uras ian ▁History " ▁( Univers ity ▁of ▁B irmingham , ▁UK , ▁February ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁Cross ley ▁review ▁of ▁Jung ▁Ch ang , ▁Em press ▁Dow ager ▁C ix i ▁in ▁'' Lond on ▁Review ▁of ▁Books ' ▁R . ▁Kent ▁Guy ▁review ▁of ▁The ▁W obb ling ▁P ivot ▁in ▁The ▁China ▁Qu arter ly ▁review ▁of ▁The ▁W obb ling ▁P ivot ▁in ▁' E po ch ▁Times '' ▁On ▁Internet ▁Dialog ue ▁with ▁Chinese ▁Histor ians ▁in ▁China ▁Cross ley ' s ▁Err ata ▁Page ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁Project ▁Cross ley , ▁" Ch ina ' s ▁Century ▁Long ▁Identity ▁Cris is , ▁in ▁the ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal , ▁ 1 0 . 1 0 . 2 0 1 1 ▁Ma ura ▁D yk stra , ▁" Ref lections ▁on ▁Q ing ▁History " ▁History ▁News ▁Network , ▁" H istor ians ▁in ▁the ▁News " ▁James ▁A . ▁Mill ward ▁review ▁of ▁A ▁Trans l uc ent ▁Mir |
ror ▁in ▁History ▁Cooper ative ▁Cross ley , ▁" The ▁Late ▁Q ing ▁Empire ▁in ▁Global ▁History " ▁in ▁Association ▁for ▁Asian ▁Studies , E ducation ▁about ▁Asia , ▁Fall ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Joseph ▁Le vens on ▁Book ▁Prize ▁Justin ▁Tig he , ▁Review ▁of ▁Cross ley , ▁The ▁Man chus ▁Y oug ou bian , ▁David ▁N ., ▁review ▁of ▁G . R . ▁Gar th wa ite , ▁The ▁Pers ians ▁in ▁International ▁Journal ▁of ▁Middle ▁East ▁Studies , ▁Volume ▁ 3 8 , ▁No . 3 , ▁pp . 4 8 9 - 4 9 1 . ▁Giorg io ▁R iel lo ▁review ▁of ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁in ▁ ▁Journal ▁of ▁World ▁History ▁If tek har ▁I q b ali ▁review ▁of ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁with ▁Cross ley ▁response , ▁I HR ▁Re views ▁in ▁History ▁F eli pe ▁Fern ande z - Arm esto ▁review ▁of ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁Li u ▁W en ming , ▁" Mem oir ▁of ▁transl ating ▁What ▁is ▁Global ▁History ? ▁( in ▁Chinese )' ▁Peter ▁Wood ▁review ▁of ▁The ▁W obb ling ▁P ivot ▁in ▁Asian ▁Review ▁of ▁Books ▁Paul ▁A . ▁C ohen ▁review ▁of ▁The ▁W obb ling ▁P ivot ▁in ▁China ▁Journal ▁Academ ic ▁device ▁download ▁for ▁D ax ue ▁and ▁Lex icon ▁" Se ven ▁Fac ulty ▁M embers ▁Names ▁as ▁Society ▁of ▁F ell ows ▁M ent ors " ▁T ons eth ▁House ▁Software ▁Development |
▁Software ▁interface ▁for ▁E min ent ▁Chinese ▁ ▁Rel ated ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁histor ians ▁Category : American ▁sin olog ists ▁Category : Free ▁software ▁program mers ▁Category : D art mouth ▁College ▁fac ulty ▁Category : S war th more ▁College ▁al umn i ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Lima , ▁Ohio ▁Category : American ▁women ▁histor ians ▁Category : H istor ians ▁of ▁China ▁Category : Jose ph ▁Le vens on ▁Book ▁Prize ▁recip ients ▁Category : W omen ▁orient al ists <0x0A> </s> ▁" Paul ▁Re vere " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁by ▁American ▁hip ▁hop ▁group ▁Be ast ie ▁Boys , ▁released ▁as ▁the ▁third ▁single ▁from ▁their ▁debut ▁album ▁Lic ensed ▁to ▁Ill ▁( 1 9 8 6 ). ▁It ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Adam ▁Hor ov itz , ▁Joseph ▁Sim m ons , ▁Dar ry l ▁Mc Dan iels , ▁and ▁Rick ▁Rub in . ▁It ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Rick ▁Rub in ▁and ▁the ▁Be ast ie ▁Boys . ▁The ▁song ▁tells ▁a ▁fict ional ▁story ▁of ▁how ▁the ▁Be ast ie ▁Boys ▁met . ▁ ▁Adam ▁Hor ov itz ▁told ▁how ▁the ▁song ▁evol ved ▁from ▁an ▁incident ▁when ▁the ▁Be ast ie ▁Boys ▁were ▁waiting ▁outside ▁a ▁recording ▁studio ▁for ▁Run - D . M . C ., ▁when ▁Joseph ▁Sim m ons ▁(" Run ") ▁suddenly ▁came ▁running ▁down ▁the ▁street ▁sc ream ing ▁in co her |
ently . ▁When ▁he ▁reached ▁the ▁Be ast ie ▁Boys , ▁he ▁said ▁" Here ' s ▁a ▁little ▁story ▁I ▁got ▁to ▁tell ... ". ▁After ▁much ▁confusion , ▁Sim m ons ▁stated ▁" TH AT ' s ▁the ▁song ". ▁The ▁band ▁worked ▁on ▁it ▁from ▁there . ▁ ▁Rec ording ▁Mike ▁D ▁remembered ▁how ▁the ▁group ▁played ▁around ▁with ▁a ▁ 8 0 8 ▁drum ▁machine ▁during ▁the ▁Ill ▁sessions ▁and ▁Adam ▁Y auch ▁asked ▁what ▁the ▁tracks ▁would ▁sound ▁like ▁if ▁the ▁be ats ▁were ▁played ▁backwards . ▁“ Run ▁from ▁Run - D . M . C . ▁was ▁there , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁like , ▁’ Man , ▁this ▁is ▁cra zy .’ ▁But ▁Y auch ▁recorded ▁this ▁beat , ▁b ounced ▁it ▁to ▁another ▁t ape , ▁f li pped ▁it ▁around ▁— ▁this ▁is ▁pre - dig ital ▁sampling ▁— ▁and ▁b ounced ▁it ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁multi - track ▁t ape ,” ▁he ▁said . ▁“ The ▁revers ed ▁beat ▁basically ▁became ▁’ Paul ▁Re vere .’ ▁Y auch ▁saw ▁this ▁thing ▁we ▁couldn ’ t ▁see ▁— ▁and ▁he ▁killed ▁it .” ▁ ▁Content ▁The ▁song ▁tells ▁a ▁fict ional ▁story ▁of ▁how ▁Ad rock , ▁Mike ▁D , ▁and ▁M CA ▁first ▁met . ▁Ad rock ▁describes ▁r iding ▁through ▁the ▁desert ▁on ▁a ▁horse ▁named ▁Paul ▁Re vere , ▁also ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁a ▁horse ▁in ▁the ▁musical ▁Gu ys ▁and ▁D oll s , ▁while ▁he ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁run |
▁from ▁the ▁police . ▁He ▁runs ▁into ▁M CA , ▁who ▁asks ▁him ▁for ▁a ▁drink . ▁When ▁Ad rock ▁ref uses , ▁M CA ▁pull s ▁a ▁gun ▁on ▁him ▁and ▁says , ▁" You ▁got ▁two ▁choices ▁of ▁what ▁you ▁can ▁do ... I ▁can ▁blow ▁you ▁away ▁or ▁you ▁can ▁ride ▁with ▁me ." ▁Ad rock ▁agre es , ▁saying ▁that ▁he ' ll ▁go ▁if ▁they ▁can ▁get ▁to ▁the ▁border ▁because ▁" The ▁sh er iff ' s ▁after ▁me ▁for ▁what ▁I ▁did ▁to ▁his ▁daughter ". ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁ride ▁to ▁a ▁bar ▁and ▁sit ▁down ▁next ▁to ▁Mike ▁D , ▁who ▁tells ▁them ▁he ' s ▁planning ▁to ▁rob ▁the ▁place . ▁He ▁then ▁pull s ▁out ▁his ▁guns ▁and ▁sho ots ▁them ▁in ▁the ▁air , ▁telling ▁the ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁bar , ▁" Your ▁c ash ▁and ▁your ▁j ew el ry ▁is ▁what ▁I ▁expect !" ▁M CA ▁and ▁Ad rock ▁help ▁Mike ▁D ▁escape ▁with ▁the ▁money ▁and ▁j ew el ry , ▁first ▁causing ▁a ▁dist raction ▁and ▁then ▁helping ▁him ▁carry ▁the ▁st olen ▁goods ▁out , ▁along ▁with ▁" Two ▁gir lies ▁and ▁a ▁be er ▁that ' s ▁cold ". ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁Co vers ▁L yr ics ▁from ▁the ▁song ▁are ▁referenced ▁in ▁several ▁rap ▁songs ▁by ▁other ▁artists . ▁Cy press ▁Hill ▁did ▁a ▁cover ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁called ▁" B usted ▁in ▁the ▁H ood " ▁on ▁their ▁album ▁Till ▁Death ▁Do ▁Us |
▁Part , ▁with ▁the ▁lyr ics ▁changed ▁to ▁be ▁about ▁getting ▁arrested ▁for ▁drug - de aling . ▁The ▁lyr ics ▁are ▁also ▁referenced ▁several ▁times ▁in ▁the ▁song ▁" Bad ▁Gu ys ▁Always ▁Die " ▁on ▁the ▁sound track ▁to ▁the ▁film ▁Wild ▁Wild ▁West . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁covered ▁by ▁Justin ▁Tim ber la ke ▁and ▁Jimmy ▁Fall on ▁on ▁Late ▁Night ▁with ▁Jimmy ▁Fall on ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁their ▁" History ▁of ▁Rap " ▁med ley . ▁ ▁A ▁cover ▁was ▁done ▁by ▁Zach aria h ▁and ▁the ▁Lob os ▁R iders ▁in ▁a ▁country ▁sty ling ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Al co hol iday . ▁ ▁A ▁genre - b ending ▁cover ▁was ▁played ▁by ▁swing ▁band ▁The ▁As yl um ▁Street ▁Sp ank ers ▁on ▁their ▁album ▁Mercur ial . ▁ ▁The ▁Dis co ▁Bis cu its ▁deb uted ▁their ▁cover ▁of ▁Paul ▁Re vere ▁on ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁E ve ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁to ▁open ▁the ▁second ▁set . ▁They ▁continued ▁to ▁play ▁it ▁several ▁times ▁throughout ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁N . W . A ▁liked ▁the ▁song ▁so ▁much ▁that ▁they ▁used ▁to ▁perform ▁it ▁with ▁dirty ▁lyr ics ▁early ▁in ▁their ▁career , ▁according ▁to ▁Ice ▁C ube . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁singles ▁Category : Be ast ie ▁Boys ▁songs ▁Category : S ongs ▁about ▁horses ▁Category : S ong ▁record ings ▁produced ▁by |
▁Rick ▁Rub in ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Rick ▁Rub in ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Ad - R ock ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Dar ry l ▁Mc Dan iels ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Joseph ▁Sim m ons ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁songs ▁Category : Def ▁Jam ▁Record ings ▁singles <0x0A> </s> ▁Bag he h - ye ▁Sh ur ▁T app eh ▁N af as ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁B ā gh - e ▁Sh ū r ▁T app eh ▁N af as ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁B ā gh - e ▁Sh ū r ▁T app eh ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Kat ul ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁Ali abad ▁County , ▁Gol est an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 5 9 7 , ▁in ▁ 1 1 3 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Ali abad ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁S agit tr anst illa ▁m age ana ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁T ort ric idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro , ▁Brazil . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Category : E uli ini <0x0A> </s> ▁C rypt ob ot ys ▁is ▁a ▁monot yp ic ▁moth ▁genus ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁Cr amb idae ▁described ▁by ▁Eug ene ▁G . ▁Mun roe ▁in |
▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁Its ▁only ▁species , ▁C rypt ob ot ys ▁zo ilus alis , ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Francis ▁Walker ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 9 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Cuba , ▁J ama ica , ▁Puerto ▁Rico , ▁Central ▁America ▁( H ond uras , ▁Costa ▁Rica , ▁Mexico ) ▁and ▁the ▁southern ▁United ▁States , ▁where ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁from ▁Florida . ▁ ▁Ad ult s ▁are ▁cin ere ous ▁( ash ▁gray ) ▁with ▁wh it ish ▁interior ▁and ▁exterior ▁lines , ▁slightly ▁border ed ▁with ▁brown ish . ▁The ▁marg inal ▁line ▁is ▁brown ish . ▁Ad ult s ▁have ▁been ▁recorded ▁on ▁wing ▁from ▁February ▁to ▁August ▁and ▁from ▁November ▁to ▁December ▁in ▁Florida . ▁ ▁The ▁lar va e ▁feed ▁on ▁X anth ium ▁str um arium . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Sp il om el inae ▁Category : Cr amb idae ▁gener a ▁Category : Mon ot yp ic ▁moth ▁gener a ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Eug ene ▁G . ▁Mun roe <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁economy ▁of ▁E sw at ini ▁is ▁fairly ▁divers ified . ▁Agricult ure , ▁forest ry ▁and ▁min ing ▁account ▁for ▁about ▁ 1 3 ▁percent ▁of ▁E sw at ini ' s ▁G DP ▁whereas ▁manufact uring ▁( text iles ▁and ▁sugar - related ▁processing ) ▁represent ▁ 3 7 ▁percent ▁of ▁G DP . ▁Services – ▁with ▁government ▁services ▁in ▁the ▁lead – ▁const itute ▁the ▁other |
▁ 5 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁G DP . ▁ ▁Agricult ure ▁Title ▁De ed ▁lands ), ▁where ▁the ▁bulk ▁of ▁high - value ▁cro ps ▁are ▁grown ▁( s ug ar , ▁forest ry , ▁and ▁cit rus ) ▁are ▁character ized ▁by ▁high ▁levels ▁of ▁invest ment ▁and ▁ir rig ation , ▁and ▁high ▁product ivity . ▁Nevertheless , ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁population – ▁about ▁ 7 5 ▁percent — is ▁employed ▁in ▁subs istence ▁agricult ure ▁on ▁Sw azi ▁Nation ▁Land , ▁which , ▁in ▁contrast , ▁suff ers ▁from ▁low ▁product ivity ▁and ▁invest ment . ▁This ▁dual ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁Sw azi ▁economy , ▁with ▁high ▁product ivity ▁in ▁text ile ▁manufact uring ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁industrial ized ▁agricult ural ▁title ▁de ed ▁lands ▁on ▁the ▁one ▁hand , ▁and ▁decl ining ▁product ivity ▁subs istence ▁agricult ure ▁on ▁Sw azi ▁Nation ▁Land ▁on ▁the ▁other , ▁may ▁well ▁explain ▁the ▁country ’ s ▁overall ▁low ▁growth , ▁high ▁inequality ▁and ▁un emp loyment . ▁ ▁Econom ic ▁growth ▁Econom ic ▁growth ▁in ▁E sw at ini ▁has ▁lag ged ▁behind ▁that ▁of ▁its ▁neighb ors . ▁Real ▁G DP ▁growth ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁has ▁aver aged ▁ 2 . 8 ▁percent , ▁nearly ▁ 2 ▁percentage ▁points ▁lower ▁than ▁growth ▁in ▁other ▁Southern ▁African ▁Custom s ▁Union ▁( S AC U ) ▁member ▁countries . ▁Low ▁agricult ural ▁product ivity ▁in ▁the ▁Sw azi ▁nation ▁lands , ▁repeated ▁dr ought s , ▁the |
▁effect ▁of ▁H IV / A ID S , ▁and ▁an ▁over ly ▁large ▁and ▁in efficient ▁government ▁sector ▁are ▁likely ▁contrib uting ▁factors . ▁E sw at ini ’ s ▁public ▁fin ances ▁d eter ior ated ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁following ▁size able ▁sur pl uses ▁a ▁de cade ▁earlier . ▁A ▁combination ▁of ▁decl ining ▁reven ues ▁and ▁increased ▁sp ending ▁led ▁to ▁significant ▁budget ▁def ic its . ▁The ▁considerable ▁sp ending ▁has ▁not ▁led ▁to ▁more ▁economic ▁growth ▁and ▁has ▁not ▁benef itted ▁the ▁poor ▁to ▁the ▁same ▁extent ▁as ▁regional ▁compar ators , ▁although ▁the ▁pover ty ▁head count ▁has ▁shift ed ▁slightly ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁de cade ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁( SH IES ▁ 2 0 1 0 ). ▁Much ▁of ▁the ▁increased ▁sp ending ▁has ▁gone ▁to ▁current ▁exp end it ures ▁related ▁to ▁w ages , ▁trans fers , ▁and ▁subs id ies . ▁The ▁w age ▁bill ▁today ▁constit utes ▁over ▁ 1 5 ▁percent ▁of ▁G DP ▁and ▁ 5 5 ▁percent ▁of ▁total ▁public ▁sp ending ; ▁these ▁are ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁highest ▁levels ▁on ▁the ▁African ▁continent . ▁The ▁recent ▁rapid ▁growth ▁in ▁S AC U ▁reven ues ▁has , ▁however , ▁revers ed ▁the ▁fis cal ▁situation , ▁and ▁a ▁size able ▁sur plus ▁was ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 / 0 7 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 2 / 1 3 . ▁S AC U ▁reven |
ues ▁today ▁account ▁for ▁over ▁ 5 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁total ▁government ▁reven ues . ▁On ▁the ▁positive ▁side , ▁the ▁external ▁deb t ▁bur den ▁has ▁decl ined ▁marked ly ▁over ▁the ▁last ▁ 2 0 ▁years , ▁and ▁domestic ▁deb t ▁is ▁almost ▁neg lig ible ; ▁external ▁deb t ▁as ▁a ▁percent ▁of ▁G DP ▁was ▁less ▁than ▁ 2 0 ▁percent ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁Trade ▁partners ▁The ▁Sw azi ▁economy ▁is ▁very ▁closely ▁linked ▁to ▁the ▁economy ▁of ▁South ▁Africa , ▁from ▁which ▁it ▁receives ▁over ▁ 9 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁its ▁imports ▁and ▁to ▁which ▁it ▁sends ▁about ▁ 7 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁its ▁exports . ▁E sw at ini ▁has ▁great ▁resources ▁making ▁a ▁good ▁trad ing ▁partner . ▁E sw at ini ’ s ▁other ▁key ▁trad ing ▁partners ▁are ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁the ▁EU , ▁from ▁whom ▁the ▁country ▁has ▁received ▁trade ▁prefer ences ▁for ▁app arel ▁exports ▁( under ▁the ▁African ▁G row th ▁and ▁O pport unity ▁Act – ▁AG O A – ▁to ▁the ▁US ) ▁and ▁for ▁sugar ▁( to ▁the ▁EU ). ▁Under ▁these ▁agre ements , ▁both ▁app arel ▁and ▁sugar ▁exports ▁did ▁well , ▁with ▁rapid ▁growth ▁and ▁a ▁strong ▁in flow ▁of ▁foreign ▁direct ▁invest ment . ▁Text ile ▁exports ▁grew ▁by ▁over ▁ 2 0 0 ▁percent ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁sugar ▁exports ▁increasing ▁by ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 |
0 ▁percent ▁over ▁the ▁same ▁period . ▁The ▁continued ▁v ib ran cy ▁of ▁the ▁export ▁sector ▁is ▁threatened ▁by ▁the ▁removal ▁of ▁trade ▁prefer ences ▁for ▁text iles , ▁the ▁acc ession ▁to ▁similar ▁prefer ences ▁for ▁East ▁Asian ▁countries , ▁and ▁the ▁ph asing ▁out ▁of ▁prefer ential ▁prices ▁for ▁sugar ▁to ▁the ▁EU ▁market . ▁E sw at ini ▁will ▁thus ▁have ▁to ▁face ▁the ▁challenge ▁of ▁remaining ▁compet itive ▁in ▁a ▁changing ▁global ▁environment . ▁A ▁cru cial ▁factor ▁in ▁address ing ▁this ▁challenge ▁is ▁the ▁invest ment ▁climate . ▁The ▁recently ▁concluded ▁In vest ment ▁Cl imate ▁Ass ess ment ▁provides ▁some ▁positive ▁find ings ▁in ▁this ▁regard , ▁namely ▁that ▁E sw at ini ▁fir ms ▁are ▁among ▁the ▁most ▁product ive ▁in ▁Sub - S ah aran ▁Africa , ▁although ▁they ▁are ▁less ▁product ive ▁than ▁fir ms ▁in ▁the ▁most ▁product ive ▁middle - in come ▁countries ▁in ▁other ▁regions . ▁They ▁compare ▁more ▁favor ably ▁with ▁fir ms ▁from ▁lower ▁middle ▁income ▁countries , ▁but ▁are ▁ham per ed ▁by ▁in ade qu ate ▁govern ance ▁arrang ements ▁and ▁infrastr ucture . ▁ ▁E sw at ini , ▁Les oth o , ▁B ots w ana , ▁Nam ib ia , ▁and ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁South ▁Africa ▁form ▁the ▁Southern ▁African ▁Custom s ▁Union ▁( S AC U ), ▁where ▁import ▁duties ▁apply ▁uniformly ▁to ▁member ▁countries . ▁E sw at ini , ▁Les oth o , ▁Nam ib ia , ▁and ▁South ▁Africa |
▁also ▁are ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Common ▁Mon et ary ▁Area ▁( C MA ) ▁in ▁which ▁rep atri ation ▁and ▁un rest rict ed ▁funds ▁are ▁permitted . ▁E sw at ini ▁issues ▁its ▁own ▁currency , ▁the ▁l il ang eni ▁( pl ural : ▁em al ang eni ), ▁which ▁is ▁at ▁par ▁with ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁rand . ▁ ▁In frastr ucture ▁E sw at ini ▁enjo ys ▁well - develop ed ▁road ▁links ▁with ▁South ▁Africa . ▁Sw azi ▁Rail ▁oper ates ▁its ▁rail ro ads ▁that ▁run ▁east ▁to ▁west ▁and ▁north ▁to ▁south . ▁The ▁older ▁east - west ▁link , ▁called ▁the ▁G oba ▁line , ▁makes ▁it ▁possible ▁to ▁export ▁bulk ▁goods ▁from ▁E sw at ini ▁through ▁the ▁Port ▁of ▁Map uto ▁in ▁Moz amb ique . ▁Until ▁recently , ▁most ▁of ▁E sw at ini ' s ▁imports ▁were ▁sh ipped ▁through ▁this ▁port . ▁Conf lict ▁in ▁Moz amb ique ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁di vert ed ▁many ▁Sw azi ▁exports ▁to ▁ports ▁in ▁South ▁Africa . ▁A ▁north - s outh ▁rail ▁link , ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁provides ▁a ▁connection ▁between ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Trans va al ▁( now ▁M p um al anga ) ▁rail ▁network ▁and ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁ports ▁of ▁Rich ards ▁Bay ▁and ▁Dur ban . ▁From ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 8 0 s ▁foreign ▁invest ment ▁in ▁the ▁manufact uring ▁sector ▁boost ed ▁economic ▁growth ▁rates ▁significantly |
. ▁Since ▁mid - 1 9 8 5 , ▁the ▁dep reci ated ▁value ▁of ▁the ▁currency ▁has ▁increased ▁the ▁compet it iveness ▁of ▁Sw azi ▁exports ▁and ▁moder ated ▁the ▁growth ▁of ▁imports , ▁generating ▁trade ▁sur pl uses . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁the ▁country ▁often ▁ran ▁small ▁trade ▁def ic its . ▁ ▁Sug ar ▁industry ▁E sw at ini ▁is ▁the ▁fourth ▁largest ▁producer ▁of ▁sugar ▁in ▁Africa ▁and ▁is ▁ 2 5 th ▁in ▁production ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁This ▁demonstr ates ▁the ▁immense ▁focus ▁of ▁the ▁industry ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁continue ▁to ▁grow ▁their ▁economy . ▁E sw at ini ’ s ▁G DP ▁was ▁$ 8 . 6 2 1 ▁billion ▁( US ▁dollars ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁based ▁on ▁purch asing ▁power ▁par ity ▁and ▁of ▁that ▁ 7 . 2 % ▁of ▁that ▁is ▁from ▁the ▁agricult ure ▁sector ▁and ▁of ▁that ▁sector , ▁sugar c ane ▁and ▁sugar ▁products ▁have ▁the ▁largest ▁impact ▁on ▁G DP . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁World ▁C IA ▁Fact book , ▁wood ▁pul p ▁and ▁sugar c ane ▁were ▁the ▁largest ▁exports ▁of ▁E sw at ini ▁until ▁the ▁wood ▁pul p ▁producer ▁closed ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁This ▁left ▁the ▁sugar c ane ▁industry ▁as ▁the ▁sole ▁main ▁export . ▁The ▁largest ▁company ▁that ▁produces ▁sugar ▁in ▁E sw at ini ▁is ▁the ▁Royal ▁Sw az il and ▁Sug ar ▁Corporation ▁( R SS |
C ) ▁and ▁it ▁produces ▁a ▁little ▁under ▁two - third s ▁of ▁total ▁sugar ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁and ▁produces ▁over ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁jobs ▁for ▁the ▁people ▁of ▁E sw at ini . ▁ ▁The ▁R SS C ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁two ▁main ▁sugar ▁mill ▁produ cers , ▁M hl ume ▁and ▁Sim un ye , ▁which ▁produce ▁a ▁combined ▁ 4 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁tons ▁of ▁can e ▁per ▁season . ▁The ▁second ▁largest ▁sugar c ane ▁company ▁is ▁U b om bo ▁Sug ar ▁Limited ▁which ▁has ▁grown ▁from ▁producing ▁ 5 , 6 0 0 ▁tons ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁to ▁approximately ▁ 2 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁tons ▁of ▁sugar ▁ann ually . ▁The ▁third ▁largest ▁sugar c ane ▁producer ▁is ▁the ▁Tamb ank ulu ▁Est ate ▁( larg est ▁independent ▁sugar ▁estate ) ▁and ▁it ▁produces ▁ 6 2 , 0 0 0 ▁tons ▁of ▁sugar ▁ann ually ▁on ▁ 3 , 8 1 6 ▁hect ares ▁of ▁land . ▁▁ ▁The ▁largest ▁export ▁partners ▁of ▁E sw at ini ▁and ▁the ▁larger ▁Southern ▁African ▁Development ▁Community ▁( S AD C ) ▁is ▁the ▁European ▁Union . ▁The ▁S AD C ▁is ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁many ▁southern ▁African ▁countries ▁who ▁have ▁band ed ▁together ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁improve ▁their ▁individual ▁so cio e conom ic ▁status . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 5 ▁the ▁sugar ▁production ▁of ▁E sw at |
ini ▁was ▁ 6 8 0 , 8 8 1 ▁metric ▁tons ▁and ▁of ▁this ▁about ▁ 3 5 5 , 0 0 0 ▁metric ▁tons ▁of ▁sugar ▁was ▁sh ipped ▁to ▁the ▁European ▁Union , ▁larger ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁export ▁partner . ▁Another ▁trade ▁partner ▁for ▁E sw at ini ▁was ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁where ▁they ▁sh ipped ▁ 3 4 , 0 0 0 ▁metric ▁tons ▁of ▁sugar ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 - 2 0 1 5 ▁year ▁under ▁the ▁Tar iff ▁R ate ▁Qu ota . ▁These ▁numbers ▁are ▁up ▁from ▁past ▁years ▁and ▁continue ▁to ▁rise . ▁The ▁expected ▁output ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 1 6 ▁post ▁forec ast ▁predictions ▁are ▁that ▁E sw at ini ▁will ▁produce ▁ 7 0 5 , 0 0 0 ▁metric ▁tons , ▁a ▁new ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁country ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁attributed ▁to ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁land ▁being ▁available ▁for ▁sugar ▁cultiv ation . ▁ ▁Of ▁this ▁predicted ▁figure ▁about ▁ 3 9 0 , 0 0 0 ▁metric ▁tons ▁will ▁go ▁to ▁the ▁European ▁Union ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁Econom ic ▁Part ners hip ▁Ag re ement ▁( E PA ). ▁This ▁new ▁agreement ▁between ▁the ▁EU ▁and ▁S AD C ▁means ▁that ▁members ▁like ▁E sw at ini ▁can ▁sell ▁their ▁sugar ▁on ▁a ▁duty - free ▁and ▁qu ota - free ▁basis . ▁ ▁The ▁quot as ▁that ▁the ▁EU ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁fill ▁is ▁similar ▁to |
▁the ▁Sug ar ▁Pro tocol ▁which ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁The ▁goal ▁of ▁the ▁Sug ar ▁Pro tocol ▁was ▁for ▁the ▁EU ▁to ▁purchase ▁and ▁import ▁specific ▁quantities ▁from ▁countries ▁in ▁Africa , ▁the ▁Car ib bean ▁and ▁the ▁Pacific . ▁These ▁prices ▁and ▁quantities ▁guaranteed ▁production ▁and ▁were ▁well ▁above ▁the ▁world ▁price , ▁which ▁translated ▁into ▁substantial ▁prof its ▁for ▁these ▁mostly ▁imp over ished ▁countries . ▁▁ ▁This ▁agreement ▁reached ▁an ▁end ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁because ▁the ▁EU ▁could ▁no ▁longer ▁support ▁the ▁pre - det erm ined ▁dem ands . ▁The ▁Sug ar ▁Pro tocol ▁came ▁to ▁an ▁immediate ▁end ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁with ▁separate ▁Econom ic ▁Part ners hips ▁with ▁the ▁varying ▁countries ▁and ▁regions . ▁Even ▁though ▁the ▁dem ands ▁will ▁be ▁just ▁as ▁high ▁as ▁under ▁the ▁Sug ar ▁Pro tocol , ▁the ▁prices ▁will ▁drop ▁significantly . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁E sw at ini , ▁they ▁have ▁received ▁good ▁re ass urance ▁that ▁their ▁product ▁will ▁still ▁be ▁bought ▁by ▁the ▁EU . ▁ ▁M ining ▁ ▁Currently , ▁E sw at ini ’ s ▁min eral ▁sector ▁is ▁govern ed ▁under ▁a ▁policy ▁drawn ▁up ▁prior ▁to ▁E sw at ini ’ s ▁independence . ▁In ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁sector ’ s ▁recent ▁decl ine , ▁a ▁new ▁min ing ▁policy ▁is ▁being ▁draft ed ▁by ▁consult ants , ▁paid ▁for ▁by ▁a ▁grant ▁from ▁China , ▁and ▁legisl ation ▁to ▁facil itate ▁small - |
scale ▁min ing ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁proposed . ▁ ▁The ▁country ’ s ▁main ▁source ▁of ▁foreign ▁exchange ▁is ▁the ▁B ule m bu ▁as best os ▁mine , ▁however ▁production ▁has ▁hit ▁a ▁ste ep ▁decl ine . ▁Diam ond , ▁iron ▁ore ▁and ▁gold ▁have ▁also ▁been ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁past , ▁however ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁invest ment ▁and ▁development ▁policy ▁has ▁seen ▁the ▁region ’ s ▁potential ▁fal ter . ▁ ▁Although ▁fewer ▁than ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁Sw az is ▁are ▁directly ▁employed ▁in ▁the ▁min ing ▁sector , ▁many ▁workers ▁from ▁E sw at ini ▁processed ▁tim ber ▁from ▁the ▁country ' s ▁extensive ▁p ine ▁populations ▁for ▁mines ▁in ▁South ▁Africa , ▁and ▁around ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 – 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁Sw az is ▁were ▁employed ▁in ▁South ▁African ▁mines . ▁Their ▁contributions ▁to ▁E sw at ini ' s ▁economy ▁through ▁w age ▁rep atri ation ▁have ▁been ▁dimin ished , ▁though , ▁by ▁the ▁collapse ▁of ▁the ▁international ▁gold ▁market ▁and ▁lay offs ▁in ▁South ▁Africa .< ref >[ http :// www . n ations ency c lopedia . com / A frica / Sw az il and - MIN ING . html ▁▁ ▁Encyclopedia ▁of ▁the ▁Nations , ▁" Sw az il and ▁- ▁M ining ", ▁Encyclopedia ▁of ▁the ▁Nations '] </ ref > ▁ ▁Other ▁economic ▁statistics ▁The ▁following ▁table ▁shows ▁the ▁main ▁economic ▁indic ators ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 – |
2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁House hold ▁income ▁or ▁consumption ▁by ▁percentage ▁share : low est ▁ 1 0 % : 1 . 6 % high est ▁ 1 0 % : 4 0 . 7 % ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Indust rial ▁production ▁growth ▁rate : ▁ 1 % ▁( 2 0 0 1 ▁est .) ▁ ▁Electric ity – ▁production : ▁ 4 7 0 ▁G Wh ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁ 4 2 0 ▁G Wh ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Electric ity – ▁consumption : ▁ 1 , 2 0 7 ▁G Wh ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁ 9 6 2 . 9 ▁G Wh ▁( 2 0 0 1 ), ▁ 1 . 0 7 8 ▁G Wh ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Electric ity – ▁exports : ▁ 0 ▁k Wh ▁( 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Electric ity – ▁imports : ▁ 7 6 8 ▁G Wh ▁( 2 0 0 9 ), ▁ 6 3 9 ▁G Wh ▁( 2 0 0 1 ), ▁ 6 8 7 ▁G Wh ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) note : '' ▁imports ▁about ▁ 6 0 % ▁of ▁its ▁electric ity ▁from ▁South ▁Africa ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁C urrency : ▁ 1 ▁l il ang eni ▁( E ) ▁= ▁ 1 0 0 |
▁c ents ▁ ▁Exchange ▁rates : ▁em al ang eni ▁( E ) ▁per ▁US $ 1 – ▁ 7 . 3 ▁( 2 0 1 1 ), ▁ 7 . 3 2 ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁ 8 . 4 2 ▁( 2 0 0 9 ), ▁ 7 . 7 5 ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁ 7 . 4 ▁( 2 0 0 7 ), ▁ 1 0 . 5 4 0 7 ▁( 2 0 0 2 ), ▁ 8 . 6 0 9 2 ▁( 2 0 0 1 ), ▁ 6 . 9 3 9 8 ▁( 2 0 0 0 ), ▁ 6 . 1 0 8 7 ▁( 1 9 9 9 ), ▁ 5 . 4 8 0 7 ▁( 1 9 9 8 ), ▁ 4 . 6 0 3 2 ▁( 1 9 9 7 ), ▁ 4 . 2 7 0 6 ▁( 1 9 9 6 ), ▁ 3 . 6 2 6 6 ▁( 1 9 9 5 ); ▁note – ▁the ▁Lil ang eni ▁is ▁at ▁par ▁with ▁the ▁South ▁African ▁rand ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Econom y ▁of ▁Africa ▁ ▁E sw at ini ▁ ▁United ▁Nations ▁Econom ic ▁Commission ▁for ▁Africa ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁web . world bank . org ▁ ▁Sw az il and ▁latest ▁trade ▁data ▁on ▁I TC ▁Trade ▁Map ▁ ▁C IA ▁World ▁Fact book : ▁Sw az il and ▁ ▁MB endi ▁Sw az |
il and ▁over view ▁ ▁Sw az ibus iness . com ▁ ▁E sw at ini ▁E sw at ini <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Se vent h ▁Senate ▁District ▁of ▁Connecticut ▁elect s ▁one ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Connecticut ▁Senate . ▁Its ▁current ▁Senator ▁is ▁Republican ▁John ▁K iss el , ▁who ▁was ▁first ▁elected ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁The ▁district ▁is ▁centered ▁on ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁En field ▁and ▁also ▁ ▁contains ▁the ▁towns ▁of ▁Su ff ield , ▁W inds or ▁Lock s , ▁East ▁Gran by , ▁Som ers ▁and ▁parts ▁of ▁Gran by ▁and ▁W inds or . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁represent atives ▁ ▁Rec ent ▁elections ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Google ▁Maps ▁- ▁Connecticut ▁Senate ▁District s ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Connect icut ▁State ▁Senate ▁districts <0x0A> </s> ▁W LM X ▁( 1 0 6 . 1 ▁FM ) ▁is ▁a ▁radio ▁station ▁lic ensed ▁to ▁O ke ech ob ee , ▁Florida , ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁station ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁B M Z ▁Broadcast ing , ▁L LC . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁L M X ▁( FM ) ▁Category : Radio ▁stations ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Florida <0x0A> </s> ▁K ava ▁H ui h ah au ▁( born ▁ 8 ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁T ong an ▁former ▁international ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁def ender . ▁Between ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁and |
▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁won ▁ 1 0 ▁caps ▁for ▁the ▁T ong a ▁national ▁football ▁team . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : T ong a ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders ▁Category : T ong an ▁football ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Metropolitan ▁Airport ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁public - use ▁air port ▁located ▁in ▁Bro om field , ▁Colorado , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁The ▁air port ▁is ▁owned ▁and ▁operated ▁by ▁Jefferson ▁County ▁and ▁is ▁situated ▁mid way ▁between ▁Den ver ▁and ▁B ould er ▁on ▁U . S . ▁Highway ▁ 3 6 . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁six teen ▁miles ▁north west ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁business ▁district ▁of ▁Den ver , ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁closest ▁air port ▁to ▁dow nt own ▁Den ver . ▁The ▁air port ▁covers ▁ ▁and ▁has ▁three ▁run ways . ▁Form er ly ▁known ▁as ▁Jefferson ▁County ▁Airport ▁or ▁Jeff co ▁Airport , ▁the ▁air port ▁was ▁renamed ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Metropolitan ▁Airport ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁although ▁it ▁is ▁sometimes ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Regional ▁Airport , ▁e . g . ▁ 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 1 2 ▁county ▁planning ▁documents . ▁ ▁This ▁air port ▁is ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Plan ▁of ▁Integr ated ▁Airport ▁Systems ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 5 , |
▁which ▁categor ized ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁rel ie ver ▁air port . ▁It ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁a ▁large ▁general ▁av iation ▁population ▁including ▁a ▁fair ▁amount ▁of ▁corpor ate ▁traffic ▁and ▁several ▁flight ▁schools . ▁The ▁air port ' s ▁proxim ity ▁to ▁the ▁nearby ▁Inter lock en ▁business ▁district ▁cont ributes ▁to ▁its ▁business ▁travel er ▁client ele . ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁control ▁tower ▁on ▁ 1 1 8 . 6 ▁( Local ) ▁and ▁ 1 2 1 . 7 ▁( Gr ound ) ▁that ▁is ▁open ▁from ▁ 0 6 0 0 ▁to ▁ 2 2 0 0 ▁local ▁time . ▁ ▁AT IS / AW OS ▁broadcast s ▁on ▁ 1 2 6 . 2 5 . ▁There ▁are ▁three ▁run ways ▁- ▁ 1 2 / 3 0 ▁Left ▁and ▁Right ▁and ▁ 3 / 2 1 . ▁The ▁run way ▁numbers ▁were ▁changed ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁to ▁reflect ▁a ▁change ▁in ▁magnetic ▁variation . ▁One ▁fixed - base ▁operator ▁( F BO ) ▁offers ▁fuel ▁and ▁other ▁services . ▁ ▁Two ▁restaur ants , ▁E ' s ▁Just ▁Good ▁E ats ▁and ▁Blue ▁Sky ▁B istro , ▁are ▁on ▁the ▁field , ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁pilot ' s ▁l oun ge ▁in ▁the ▁Sign ature ▁F BO ▁and ▁a ▁passenger ▁terminal ▁lo bb y . ▁The ▁Hill top ▁Inn , ▁a ▁bed ▁& ▁breakfast , ▁and ▁its ▁companion ▁restaurant , ▁The ▁Burn s ▁Pub ▁& ▁R estaur ant ▁(" authentic ▁British ▁pub ▁fare |
"), ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁property . ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁the ▁Federal ▁A viation ▁Administration ▁dedicated ▁a ▁new ▁$ 2 3 . 7 ▁million , ▁state - of - the - art ▁air port ▁traffic ▁control ▁tower , ▁located ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁air port ▁run ways . ▁ ▁The ▁new ▁facility ▁includes ▁a ▁ 1 2 4 - foot - t all ▁control ▁tower ▁to pped ▁by ▁a ▁ 5 2 5 - square - foot ▁tower ▁cab ▁with ▁four ▁air ▁traffic ▁controller ▁positions ▁and ▁one ▁super visor ▁position . ▁ ▁A ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 ▁square - foot , ▁single - story ▁base ▁building ▁houses ▁administrative ▁offices , ▁training ▁rooms , ▁and ▁equipment ▁rooms . ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁and ▁aircraft ▁▁ ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Metropolitan ▁Airport ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 1 , 7 0 0 ▁acres ▁( 6 8 8 ▁ha ) ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 5 , 6 7 3 ▁feet ▁( 1 , 7 2 9 ▁m ) ▁above ▁mean ▁sea ▁level . ▁It ▁has ▁three ▁as ph alt ▁p aved ▁run ways : ▁ 1 2 L / 3 0 R ▁is ▁ 9 , 0 0 0 ▁by ▁ 1 0 0 ▁feet ▁( 2 , 7 4 3 ▁x ▁ 3 0 ▁m ); ▁ 1 2 R / 3 0 L ▁is ▁ 7 , 0 0 2 ▁by ▁ 7 5 ▁feet ▁( 2 , 1 3 4 ▁x ▁ 2 3 |
▁m ); ▁ 3 / 2 1 ▁is ▁ 3 , 6 0 0 ▁by ▁ 7 5 ▁feet ▁( 1 , 0 9 7 ▁x ▁ 2 3 ▁m ). ▁ ▁The ▁air port ' s ▁three ▁run ways , ▁previously ▁ 1 1 L / 2 9 R , ▁ 1 1 R / 2 9 L , ▁and ▁ 2 / 2 0 , ▁were ▁ren umber ed ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁align ▁them ▁with ▁magnetic ▁directions . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁the ▁primary ▁run way ▁( 1 2 L / 3 0 R ) ▁under w ent ▁an ▁$ 8 . 8 3 ▁million ▁renov ation . ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁ 1 2 - month ▁period ▁ending ▁September ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁air port ▁had ▁ 1 7 5 , 7 5 9 ▁aircraft ▁operations , ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 4 8 2 ▁per ▁day : ▁ 9 2 % ▁general ▁av iation , ▁ 4 % ▁air ▁tax i , ▁ 3 % ▁military ▁and ▁< 1 % ▁air ▁car rier . ▁At ▁that ▁time ▁there ▁were ▁ 3 6 0 ▁aircraft ▁based ▁at ▁this ▁air port : ▁ 7 0 % ▁single - engine , ▁ 1 7 % ▁multi - engine , ▁ 9 % ▁jet , ▁and ▁ 4 % ▁hel ic opter . ▁ ▁Currently , ▁two ▁F ixed ▁Based ▁Oper ators ▁( F BO ) s ▁operate ▁at ▁the |
▁air port : ▁Sign ature ▁Fl ight ▁Support ▁and ▁Sh elta ir . ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Forest ▁Service ▁also ▁maintain s ▁its ▁Jefferson ▁County ▁T ank er ▁Base ▁at ▁the ▁air port , ▁and ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Pil atus ▁A ircraft ▁broke ▁ground ▁on ▁a ▁new ▁ 1 8 8 , 0 0 0 ▁sq . ▁ft . ▁North ▁American ▁completion ▁center ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁PC - 2 4 ▁business ▁jet . ▁The ▁facility ▁became ▁fully ▁oper ational ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Airlines ▁and ▁destination ▁ ▁The ▁air port ▁currently ▁has ▁no ▁scheduled ▁air line ▁fl ights . ▁The ▁air port ▁was ▁formerly ▁a ▁hub ▁for ▁Pet ▁Air ways ▁before ▁ce asing ▁all ▁fl ights ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁Den ver ▁Air ▁Connection ▁operated ▁by ▁Key ▁L ime ▁Air ▁also ▁operated ▁from ▁R M MA ▁to ▁Grand ▁J unction ▁before ▁cons olid ating ▁their ▁operations ▁for ▁the ▁Den ver - Gr and ▁J unction ▁route ▁to ▁Cent enn ial ▁Airport ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Current ▁Develop ments ▁▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Pil atus ▁A ircraft ▁officially ▁launched ▁operations ▁out ▁of ▁their ▁newly ▁constructed ▁hang ar ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁south west ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁air field . ▁▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁air port ▁signed ▁a ▁le ase ▁agreement ▁with ▁a ▁second ▁F BO , ▁Sh elt |
A ir , ▁to ▁act ▁as ▁their ▁" gate way ▁to ▁the ▁west ". ▁Sh elt A ir ▁comm enced ▁operations ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁with ▁a ▁temporary ▁mod ular ▁building ▁located ▁at ▁the ▁East ▁R amp ▁area . ▁Const ruction ▁for ▁the ▁permanent ▁building ▁and ▁hang ar ▁is ▁expected ▁to ▁commence ▁Spring ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁▁▁ ▁There ▁exists ▁a ▁vac ant ▁tract ▁of ▁air port - owned ▁land ▁just ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁run ways . ▁Currently , ▁the ▁air port ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁planning ▁stages ▁to ▁develop ▁this ▁area , ▁known ▁as ▁" The ▁Ver ve ", ▁for ▁various ▁av iation ▁and ▁non - av iation ▁related ▁uses . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁air ports ▁in ▁the ▁Den ver ▁area ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Metropolitan ▁Airport ▁( o fficial ▁site ) ▁ ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Metropolitan ▁Airport ▁( B J C ) ▁at ▁Colorado ▁D OT ▁air port ▁directory ▁ ▁US DA ▁Forest ▁Service ▁Jefferson ▁County ▁T ank er ▁Base ▁ ▁Ten - Hi ▁Fly ers ▁flying ▁club ▁ ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Air show ▁ ▁Classic ▁Airport ▁Tower ▁A ▁Memory ▁ ▁[ Run way ▁Gr ill ] ▁ ▁Blue ▁Sky ▁B istro ▁ ▁Hill top ▁Inn ▁/ ▁The ▁Burn s ▁Pub ▁& ▁R estaur ant ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁AC - U - K WI K ▁information ▁for ▁K B J C ▁ ▁Category : A ir ports ▁in ▁Colorado ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁Bro om field ▁County , ▁Colorado |
▁Category : Transport ation ▁buildings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Jefferson ▁County , ▁Colorado <0x0A> </s> ▁Italian ▁Cr icket ▁Federation ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁gover ning ▁body ▁for ▁the ▁sport ▁of ▁cr icket ▁within ▁Italy . ▁They ▁are ▁responsible , ▁with ▁assistance ▁from ▁the ▁European ▁Cr icket ▁Council , ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁and ▁administration ▁of ▁the ▁game ▁within ▁Italy , ▁and ▁the ▁selection ▁of ▁the ▁Italian ▁national ▁cr icket ▁team . ▁ ▁The ▁Italian ▁Cr icket ▁Federation ▁also ▁runs ▁an ▁a cademy ▁for ▁youth ▁development ▁located ▁ 1 8 0 km ▁North ▁of ▁Rome , ▁at ▁Gros set o ▁Cr icket ▁Club . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Dom estic ▁cr icket ▁ ▁Ay ub owan ▁Mant ua ▁CC ▁Az z ur ra ▁Bolog na ▁CC ▁Castle ▁CC ▁F ior ent ina ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Cast eller ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Pa ese ▁C ey lon ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Pad ova ▁E ag les ▁CC ▁Eur atom ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Gall icano ▁Gen oa ▁CC ▁( i ▁gr if oni ) ▁Gru ppo ▁Laz io ▁B . ▁S . ▁& ▁Cr icket ▁Hockey ▁Club ▁But ter fly ▁How zat ▁Cr icket ▁& ▁Sports ▁Academy ▁IB ▁CC ▁Id le ▁CC ▁Kar alis ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Lat ina ▁L anka ▁CC ▁L ions ▁Bres cia ▁Mare m ma ▁CC ▁Mess ap ia ▁Cr icket ▁Tar anto ▁Milan ▁CC ▁Milan ▁Kings gro ve ▁CC ▁Mod ugno ▁Cr icket ▁tal ▁Bang la ▁Boys ▁CC ▁Pak Fri ends ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Tr ent ino ▁Al to ▁- Ad ige ▁Par ma ▁J inn |
ah ▁CC ▁P ian oro ▁CC ▁P . G . S . ▁Lux ▁Pol . ▁Excel si or ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Pol is port iva ▁C itt à 2 M ari ▁Pol is port iva ▁G amb ass i ▁Pol is port iva ▁Univers ità ▁Tor ▁Ver g ata ▁Ren ato ▁Mor o ▁Tar anto ▁Cr icket ▁ ▁Rome ▁Bang l adesh ▁CC ▁R over eto ▁CC ▁Sin h ala ▁Sports ▁Club ▁V iter bo ▁S mit ▁Roma ▁Centro ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Libert as ▁Sport ing ▁Club ▁Jud ic aria ▁Str ada i oli ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁April ia ▁The ▁Gu id izz olo ▁CC ▁Tr ent ino ▁CC ▁T us col ana ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁Un ione ▁Pol is port iva ▁N arn ese ▁Cr icket ▁Venez ia ▁CC ▁Gard one ▁CC ▁ ▁J agu ars ▁Par ma ▁CC ▁Lux R oma ▁cr icket ▁club ▁D iff endes ▁sport ing ▁club ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Italian ▁national ▁cr icket ▁team ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁C ric info ▁Italy ▁ ▁Category : Cr icket ▁in ▁Italy ▁Italy ▁Cr icket ▁Category : S ports ▁organizations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 <0x0A> </s> ▁Mus a ▁U z un lar ▁( born ▁ 2 2 ▁April ▁ 1 9 5 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Turkish ▁actor . ▁U z un lar ▁acted ▁as ▁Re ş at ▁in ▁the ▁Turkish ▁TV ▁series ▁F at mag ül ' ün ▁Su çu ▁Ne ?. ▁He ▁played ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁different ▁roles |
▁in ▁Turkish ▁TV ▁series ▁and ▁the aters . ▁He ▁then ▁port rayed ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁Bah ri ▁Um man ▁in ▁the ▁TV ▁series ▁Po y raz ▁Kar ay el . ▁ ▁Theater ▁▁▁ ▁Y ü z le ş me ▁ ▁Ful ▁Y ap rak al ar ı ▁ ▁Y aban ▁ ▁Hay d ut lar ▁ ▁E fr asy ab ı n ▁H ik ay eler i ▁▁ Ş ere fe ▁ 2 0 . ▁Y ü zy ı l ▁ ▁Ur fa ust ▁ ▁Film ography ▁▁ 8 . ▁Gün ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁– ▁Hay ati ▁ Ş ah i – ▁TV ▁series ▁ ▁Po y raz ▁Kar ay el ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁– ▁Bah ri ▁Um man ▁– ▁TV ▁series ▁ ▁Kar an l ı k lar ▁ Ç i ç e ğ i ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁– ▁T ari y el ▁Bey ▁– ▁A zer ba ij ani ▁TV ▁series ▁ ▁F at mag ül ' ün ▁Su çu ▁Ne ? ▁– ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2 ▁– ▁Re ş at ▁Ya ş aran ▁ ▁Kurt lar ▁V ad isi : ▁Glad io ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁– ▁ İ sk ender ▁Bü y ük ▁ ▁Kurt lar ▁V ad isi ▁P us u ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁– ▁ İ sk ender ▁Bü y ük ▁ ▁Ya ğ m ur ▁Z aman ı ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁– ▁Le |
vent ▁ ▁Mer do ğ lu ▁– ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Hay al ▁Kur ma ▁O y un lar ı ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁– ▁Anne ' s ▁Boy friend ▁ ▁Nil g ün ▁( 2 ) ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁– ▁Sin an ▁ ▁A te ş ▁Dans ı ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁– ▁Sin an ▁ ▁Sü per ▁B aba ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁Sin an ▁ ▁B üt ün ▁Kap ı lar ▁Kap al ı yd ı ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁ ▁Ge ç mi ş ▁Bah ar ▁M im oz al ar ı ▁– ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Mus a ▁U z un lar ▁- ▁ İ sk ender ▁Bü y ük ▁ ▁Category : T urk ish ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 5 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : T urk ish ▁male ▁television ▁actors ▁Category : T urk ish ▁male ▁stage ▁actors <0x0A> </s> ▁Br oun land ▁is ▁an ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁in ▁K ana wh a ▁County , ▁West ▁Virginia . ▁ ▁The ▁community ▁der ives ▁its ▁name ▁from ▁Thomas ▁L . ▁Br oun , ▁the ▁original ▁owner ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁site . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁West ▁Virginia ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁K ana wh a ▁County , ▁West ▁Virginia <0x0A> </s> ▁P oc ota ▁bom |
bo ides ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁s yr ph id ▁fly ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁S yr ph idae . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : E rist al inae ▁Category : Art icles ▁created ▁by ▁Q bug bot ▁Category : In sect s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 7 <0x0A> </s> ▁An nie ▁Mur do ch ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁An nie ▁Mur do ch ▁ ▁Brown ▁( 1 8 5 6 – 1 9 4 5 ), ▁wife ▁of ▁Patrick ▁John ▁Mur do ch ▁and ▁grand m other ▁of ▁Ru pert ▁Mur do ch ▁Mrs ▁An nie ▁Mur do ch , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁painting ▁of ▁the ▁above , ▁by ▁George ▁Washington ▁Lam bert ▁An nie ▁Mur do ch , ▁a ▁character ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁Scottish ▁soap ▁opera ▁River ▁City ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Anna ▁Mur do ch , ▁Scottish ▁journalist ▁and ▁novel ist , ▁former ▁wife ▁of ▁business man ▁Ru pert ▁Mur do ch <0x0A> </s> ▁Arthur ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Douglas ▁and ▁M oul tr ie ▁Count ies ▁in ▁Illinois , ▁with ▁Arthur ' s ▁primary ▁street , ▁V ine ▁Street , ▁being ▁the ▁county ▁line . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 , 2 8 8 ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census . ▁The ▁Arthur ▁area ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁largest ▁and ▁oldest ▁Am ish ▁community ▁in ▁Illinois , ▁which ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 6 0 s . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 7 , ▁the ▁population |
▁was ▁approximately ▁ 3 0 0 ▁persons . ▁The ▁community ▁was ▁incorpor ated ▁as ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁April ▁of ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁village ▁election ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁and ▁C . ▁G . ▁Mc Com b , ▁Matt ▁H uns aker , ▁W . ▁H . ▁Re eder , ▁H . ▁C . ▁Jones , ▁J . ▁W . ▁S ears , ▁and ▁Nick ▁Thompson ▁were ▁elected ▁trust ees , ▁and ▁J . ▁W . ▁Bar rum , ▁cl erk . ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁town ▁was ▁laid ▁out ▁on ▁the ▁far ms ▁of ▁M . ▁H . ▁Warren ▁on ▁the ▁M oul tr ie ▁side , ▁and ▁the ▁P end leton ▁Mur phy ▁farm ▁on ▁the ▁Douglas ▁County ▁side . ▁Early ▁add itions ▁to ▁the ▁town ▁included ▁those ▁by ▁Mur phy , ▁Re e ves , ▁H uns aker , ▁Gib son , ▁Warren , ▁Re eder , ▁followed ▁by ▁K ens ington , ▁Campbell , ▁Bo yd , ▁Ben net , ▁Fitz jar ral d , ▁and ▁others . ▁ ▁An ▁F 2 ▁torn ado ▁struck ▁two ▁miles ▁south ▁of ▁Cad well ▁and ▁moved ▁n ortheast ▁four ▁miles ▁south ▁of ▁Arthur ▁on ▁April ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁It ▁lifted ▁near ▁Bour bon . ▁Tw enty ▁homes , ▁six ▁bar ns , ▁and ▁other ▁buildings ▁were ▁either ▁dam aged ▁or ▁destroyed . ▁One ▁mobile ▁home ▁was ▁blow n ▁off ▁its ▁foundation . ▁There ▁were ▁eight ▁inj |
uries . ▁ ▁Geography ▁Arthur ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁ ▁( 3 9 . 7 1 5 3 2 3 , ▁- 8 8 . 4 7 0 0 7 1 ). ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census , ▁Arthur ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁area ▁of ▁, ▁all ▁land . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁there ▁were ▁ 2 , 2 0 3 ▁people , ▁ 9 1 5 ▁households , ▁and ▁ 6 1 9 ▁families ▁res iding ▁in ▁the ▁village . ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁was ▁ 1 , 7 2 6 . 7 ▁people ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 6 6 4 . 5 / km ²). ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 9 5 1 ▁housing ▁units ▁at ▁an ▁average ▁density ▁of ▁ 7 4 5 . 4 ▁per ▁square ▁mile ▁( 2 8 6 . 9 / km ²). ▁ ▁The ▁ra cial ▁make up ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁ 9 9 . 6 4 % ▁White , ▁ 0 . 0 5 % ▁African ▁American , ▁ 0 . 1 8 % ▁Native ▁American , ▁ 0 . 0 5 % ▁Asian , ▁and ▁ 0 . 0 9 % ▁from ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁races . ▁His pan ic ▁or ▁Lat ino ▁of ▁any ▁race ▁were ▁ 0 . 2 7 % ▁of ▁the ▁population . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁ 9 1 5 ▁households ▁out ▁of ▁which ▁ 2 8 . 7 % ▁had ▁children ▁under ▁the |
▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁living ▁with ▁them , ▁ 5 6 . 6 % ▁were ▁married ▁cou ples ▁living ▁together , ▁ 7 . 9 % ▁had ▁a ▁female ▁house holder ▁with ▁no ▁husband ▁present , ▁and ▁ 3 2 . 3 % ▁were ▁non - famil ies . ▁ 3 0 . 4 % ▁of ▁all ▁households ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁individuals ▁and ▁ 1 6 . 3 % ▁had ▁someone ▁living ▁alone ▁who ▁was ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁average ▁household ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 3 4 ▁and ▁the ▁average ▁family ▁size ▁was ▁ 2 . 9 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁village , ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁spread ▁out ▁with ▁ 2 3 . 3 % ▁under ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 8 % ▁from ▁ 1 8 ▁to ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 4 . 2 % ▁from ▁ 2 5 ▁to ▁ 4 4 , ▁ 2 3 . 2 % ▁from ▁ 4 5 ▁to ▁ 6 4 , ▁and ▁ 2 1 . 3 % ▁who ▁were ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁or ▁older . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁was ▁ 4 1 ▁years . ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females , ▁there ▁were ▁ 8 6 . 4 ▁males . ▁ ▁For ▁every ▁ 1 0 0 ▁females ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁over , ▁there ▁were ▁ 8 2 . 1 ▁males . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁household ▁in |
▁the ▁village ▁was ▁$ 3 7 , 4 3 8 , ▁and ▁the ▁median ▁income ▁for ▁a ▁family ▁was ▁$ 4 7 , 8 2 7 . ▁M ales ▁had ▁a ▁median ▁income ▁of ▁$ 3 2 , 3 5 8 ▁versus ▁$ 2 0 , 9 4 8 ▁for ▁females . ▁The ▁per ▁cap ita ▁income ▁for ▁the ▁village ▁was ▁$ 1 9 , 6 8 3 . ▁ ▁About ▁ 4 . 6 % ▁of ▁families ▁and ▁ 6 . 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁were ▁below ▁the ▁pover ty ▁line , ▁including ▁ 9 . 8 % ▁of ▁those ▁under ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 4 . 4 % ▁of ▁those ▁age ▁ 6 5 ▁or ▁over . ▁ ▁Am ish ▁community ▁The ▁village ▁of ▁Arthur ▁character izes ▁itself ▁on ▁its ▁website ▁as ▁an ▁Am ish - friend ly ▁community , ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁ 4 , 0 0 0 ▁" P lain ▁People " ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁and ▁surrounding ▁rural ▁town ships . ▁The ▁Am ish ▁settlement ▁near ▁Arthur ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 4 ▁and ▁had ▁ 3 0 ▁church ▁districts ▁with ▁about ▁ 1 5 0 ▁people ▁per ▁district ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Arthur ▁community ▁was ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁largest ▁Am ish ▁settlement ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁with ▁ 4 , 4 1 0 , ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Arthur ' s ▁long time |
▁school ▁district ▁cons olid ated ▁with ▁the ▁much ▁smaller ▁school ▁district ▁in ▁nearby ▁Lov ington , ▁Illinois . ▁High ▁school ▁students ▁from ▁both ▁towns ▁attend ▁school ▁in ▁Arthur , ▁while ▁grade ▁schools ▁are ▁maintained ▁in ▁both ▁towns . ▁The ▁two ▁schools ▁have ▁shared ▁a ▁football ▁team ▁for ▁many ▁years . ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁At wood ▁Hamm ond ▁school ▁district ▁cons olid ated ▁with ▁Arthur ▁Lov ington , ▁with ▁the ▁school ▁name ▁being ▁changed ▁to ▁A LA H ▁High ▁School . ▁ ▁Notable ▁people ▁▁ ▁Marg ery ▁C . ▁Carl son , ▁botan ist ▁ ▁George ▁Cor b ett , ▁NFL ▁running ▁back ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁was ▁raised ▁in ▁Arthur . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Arthur ▁village ▁website ▁ ▁Illinois ▁Am ish ▁Country ▁ ▁More ▁Information ▁about ▁Arthur , ▁IL ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Douglas ▁County , ▁Illinois ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁M oul tr ie ▁County , ▁Illinois ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Illinois ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁Category : Am ish ▁in ▁Illinois <0x0A> </s> ▁Re el ▁T alk ▁is ▁a ▁synd ic ated ▁week end ▁movie ▁review ▁series ▁hosted ▁by ▁film ▁critics ▁Jeff rey ▁Ly ons ▁and ▁Al ison ▁B ail es . ▁It ▁was ▁produced ▁by , ▁and ▁originally ▁ran ▁exclus ively ▁on , ▁W N BC , ▁a ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁N BC ▁affili ate . ▁ ▁A irt imes ▁The ▁show |
▁initially ▁a ired ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁N BC ▁All ▁Night ▁on ▁Frid ays ▁and ▁S atur days . ▁ ▁The ▁show ▁usually ▁a ired ▁at ▁ 4 : 0 0 ▁a . m . ▁on ▁late ▁Friday ▁night s ▁and / or ▁late ▁Saturday ▁night s ▁at ▁ 2 : 0 0 ▁a . m . ▁ ▁It ▁then ▁launched ▁into ▁synd ic ation ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁via ▁N BC ▁Universal ▁Dom estic ▁Television ▁Distribution . ▁ ▁The ▁program ▁In ▁W ine ▁Country ▁took ▁the ▁place ▁of ▁Re el ▁T alk ▁on ▁the ▁N BC ▁All ▁Night ▁schedule . ▁ ▁Production ▁and ▁website ▁The ▁show ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁W N BC . ▁Michael ▁Av ila ▁was ▁Executive ▁Produ cer ▁of ▁Re el ▁T alk . ▁ ▁In ▁conj unction ▁with ▁the ▁show ' s ▁synd ic ated ▁debut , ▁an ▁interactive ▁website ▁www . Re el T alk TV . com ▁was ▁simultaneously ▁launched , ▁offering ▁view ers ▁video ▁reviews , ▁extended ▁inter views ▁with ▁cele brit ies , ▁special ▁web ▁only ▁features ▁and ▁tra ilers . ▁ ▁C ele br ity ▁guests ▁Past ▁cele brit ies ▁on ▁the ▁show ▁have ▁been : ▁Se an ▁P enn ▁J udi ▁Den ch ▁Kirk ▁Douglas ▁Donald ▁S uther land ▁K ie fer ▁S uther land ▁ ▁Antonio ▁B ander as ▁Pier ce ▁B ros nan ▁Samuel ▁L . ▁Jackson ▁Morgan ▁Fre eman ▁George ▁Clo oney ▁Forest ▁Whit aker ▁ ▁Can cellation ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 |
9 , ▁N BC ▁Universal ▁announced ▁the ▁can cellation ▁of ▁Re el ▁T alk ▁due ▁to ▁Jeff rey ▁Ly ons ▁and ▁Al ison ▁B ail es ▁losing ▁their ▁jobs ▁with ▁W N BC . ▁The ▁last ▁edition ▁of ▁Re el ▁T alk ▁a ired ▁in ▁late ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Fil m ▁criticism ▁television ▁series ▁Category : First - run ▁synd ic ated ▁television ▁programs ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 s ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : T ele vision ▁series ▁by ▁Universal ▁Television <0x0A> </s> ▁Project ▁X ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁independently ▁made ▁color ▁science ▁fiction ▁film , ▁produced ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁William ▁Castle , ▁st arring ▁Christopher ▁George , ▁Gre ta ▁Bald win , ▁Henry ▁Jones , ▁and ▁Monte ▁Mark ham . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁distributed ▁by ▁Param ount ▁Pictures ▁and ▁is ▁adapted ▁from ▁the ▁science ▁fiction ▁nov els ▁The ▁Art ific ial ▁Man ▁and ▁Psych oge ist ▁by ▁L . ▁P . ▁Dav ies . ▁The ▁script ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Edmund ▁Morris ▁and ▁had ▁special ▁sequences ▁animated ▁by ▁H anna - Bar ber a . ▁▁ ▁Project ▁X s ▁story ▁echo es ▁some ▁ge opol it ical ▁them es ▁of ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁such ▁as ▁over pop ulation , ▁emer ging ▁gen etic ▁engineering |
, ▁bi ological ▁war fare , ▁and ▁fear ▁of ▁Asian ▁domin ance . ▁It ▁mix es ▁in ▁science ▁fiction ▁concepts ▁like ▁h olog raph ic ▁devices , ▁memory ▁manip ulation ▁and ▁view ing , ▁and ▁virtual ▁environments ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁story ▁about ▁fut ur istic ▁esp ion age . ▁ ▁Plot ▁H agen ▁Arnold ▁( Christ opher ▁George ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁sp y ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 1 1 8 . ▁The ▁ge opol it ical ▁climate ▁of ▁Earth ▁has ▁changed ▁significantly ▁over ▁the ▁years ▁with ▁S ino - As ia ▁( Ch ina ) ▁being ▁the ▁only ▁other ▁super power ▁and ▁enemy ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Over pop ulation ▁is ▁a ▁lo oming ▁issue . ▁On ▁a ▁cover t ▁mission ▁to ▁S ino - As ia , ▁Arnold ▁sends ▁a ▁message ▁to ▁his ▁handlers ▁in ▁the ▁U . ▁S . ▁stating ▁that ▁" The ▁West ▁will ▁be ▁destroyed ▁in ▁four teen ▁days ". ▁He ▁then ▁takes ▁an ▁anti - t ort ure ▁drug ▁that ▁rend ers ▁him ▁an ▁am nes iac . ▁H agen ▁is ▁safely ▁brought ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁USA ▁and ▁placed ▁in ▁cry ogen ic ▁pres ervation ▁until ▁the ▁government ▁can ▁dev ise ▁a ▁way ▁to ▁get ▁the ▁information ▁out ▁of ▁him . ▁With ▁the ▁key ▁to ▁discover ing ▁the ▁secret ▁weapon ▁the ▁S ino - A si ans ▁were ▁working ▁on ▁locked ▁inside ▁his ▁mind ▁the ▁American ▁scient ists ▁resort ▁to ▁using ▁a ▁h olog raph ic ▁memory ▁reading ▁device ▁that ▁can ▁see ▁inside ▁his ▁mind |
▁while ▁he ▁is ▁as leep . ▁The ▁scient ists ▁also ▁create ▁an ▁elaborate ▁historical ▁re en act ment ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁( Ar n old ▁has ▁a ▁history ▁degree ▁centered ▁on ▁this ▁tum ult uous ▁de cade ) ▁as ▁a ▁means ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁role - play ing ▁mechanism ▁that ▁may ▁co ax ▁the ▁information ▁to ▁the ▁surface ▁of ▁the ▁uns us pect ing ▁Arnold . ▁To ▁keep ▁his ▁susp ic ions ▁down ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁mock - up , ▁they ▁also ▁create ▁a ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁person ality ▁matrix ▁to ▁impl ant ▁in ▁his ▁mind . ▁He ▁is ▁led ▁to ▁believe ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁criminal ▁hiding ▁out ▁at ▁a ▁farm house ▁and ▁cannot ▁leave ▁l est ▁he ▁be ▁arrested . ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁days ▁tick ▁down ▁until ▁the ▁East ▁dest ro ys ▁the ▁West , ▁H agen ▁comes ▁into ▁contact ▁with ▁a ▁fut ur istic ▁factory ▁worker ▁named ▁Kar en ▁Sum mers ▁( Gre ta ▁Bald win ) ▁who ▁causes ▁slight ▁an ach ron istic ▁errors ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁fac ade . ▁An ▁un seen ▁sni per ▁sc ares ▁her ▁off , ▁leaving ▁H agen ▁susp icious ▁but ▁none ▁the ▁w iser ▁about ▁the ▁fac ade ▁he ▁is ▁experien cing . ▁The ▁government ▁finds ▁and ▁det ains ▁Kar en ▁but ▁t ension ▁mount s ▁as ▁not ▁only ▁has ▁H agen ▁not ▁div ul ged ▁the ▁secret ▁they ▁need ▁but ▁another ▁agent , ▁the ▁un |
seen ▁sni per , ▁a ▁man ▁known ▁as ▁Gregory ▁G alle a ▁( Mon te ▁Mark ham ), ▁enters ▁the ▁scene ▁in ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁co ax ▁the ▁mem ories ▁out ▁of ▁H agen . ▁His ▁intention ▁is ▁to ▁obtain ▁the ▁pri zed ▁info ▁so ▁he ▁can ▁double - cross ▁the ▁U . ▁S . ▁government . ▁G alle a ▁has ▁been ▁gone ▁for ▁two ▁years ▁and ▁pres umed ▁dead , ▁apparently ▁killed ▁in ▁action ▁while ▁keeping ▁tabs ▁on ▁S ino - As ia . ▁It ▁was ▁he ▁who ▁helped ▁H agen ▁escape ▁S ino - As ia . ▁ ▁The ▁memory ▁view ing ▁and ▁h olog raph ic ▁mach in ery ▁un le ash es ▁a ▁mental ▁power ▁in ▁H agen . ▁The ▁mental ▁power ▁creates ▁an ▁energy ▁field ▁that ▁k ills ▁G alle a ▁in ▁a ▁spect ac ular ▁display ▁of ▁light ▁and ▁f ury . ▁His ▁death ▁however ▁becomes ▁the ▁key ▁the ▁scient ists ▁were ▁looking ▁for . ▁They ▁extract ▁G alle a ' s ▁brain ▁from ▁his ▁body , ▁and , ▁while ▁keeping ▁it ▁alive ▁in ▁a ▁nut ri ent ▁tank , ▁perform ▁the ▁same ▁brain ▁reading ▁exercise ▁on ▁it ▁as ▁they ▁did ▁with ▁H agen . ▁G alle a ' s ▁mem ories ▁show ▁how ▁the ▁S ino - A si ans ▁plan ▁on ▁destroy ing ▁the ▁West . ▁G alle a ▁inject ed ▁H agen ▁Arnold ▁with ▁a ▁my ri ad ▁of ▁medieval ▁dise ases ▁which ▁will , ▁in ▁four teen ▁days , ▁make ▁him ▁a ▁living |
▁pl ague ▁bomb ▁capable ▁of ▁spread ing ▁the ▁dise ases ▁throughout ▁the ▁U . ▁S ., ▁thus ▁effectively ▁destroy ing ▁it ▁from ▁within . ▁▁ ▁The ▁lead ▁scient ist , ▁Crow ther ▁( Hen ry ▁Jones ), ▁rec alls ▁that ▁Arnold ▁was ▁in ▁cry o - s us p ension ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁four teen - day ▁period , ▁so ▁there ▁is ▁still ▁time ▁to ▁imm un ize ▁him ▁and ▁save ▁the ▁West . ▁They ▁do ▁so ▁while ▁he ▁is ▁un cons cious ▁and ▁then ▁impl ant ▁a ▁third ▁identity ▁into ▁him , ▁one ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁is ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁future , ▁and ▁happ ily ▁married ▁to ▁the ▁beautiful ▁Kar en ▁S omm ers . ▁Arnold ▁w akes ▁up ▁in ▁a ▁bright ▁and ▁happy ▁new ▁future , ▁a ▁married ▁man ▁who ▁will ▁be ▁allowed ▁by ▁the ▁state ▁to ▁have ▁two ▁children ▁with ▁his ▁new ▁wife . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Christopher ▁George ▁as ▁H agen ▁Arnold ▁ ▁Gre ta ▁Bald win ▁as ▁Kar en ▁Sum mers ▁ ▁Henry ▁Jones ▁as ▁Dr . ▁Crow ther ▁ ▁Monte ▁Mark ham ▁as ▁Gregory ▁G alle a ▁ ▁Harold ▁G ould ▁as ▁Col . ▁Hol t ▁ ▁Phill ip ▁P ine ▁as ▁Lee ▁Craig ▁( as ▁Phill ip ▁E . ▁P ine ) ▁ ▁Lee ▁Del ano ▁as ▁Dr . ▁Tony ▁Ver ity ▁ ▁Ivan ▁Bon ar ▁as ▁Col . ▁Cow en ▁ ▁Robert ▁Cle aves ▁as ▁Dr . ▁George ▁Tar vin ▁ ▁Charles ▁Ir ving ▁as ▁Maj . ▁Tol ley ▁ ▁She ila ▁Bart old ▁as |
▁Sy bil ▁Dennis ▁ ▁Patrick ▁M . ▁Wright ▁as ▁ ▁Sto ver ▁( as ▁Patrick ▁Wright ) ▁ ▁Mary est her ▁Den ver ▁as ▁ ▁O verse er ▁ ▁Key e ▁Luke ▁as ▁Sen ▁Ch iu ▁ ▁Ed ▁Pr ent iss ▁as ▁H icks ▁ ▁In vol vement ▁with ▁H anna - Bar ber a ▁ ▁Anim ated ▁sequences , ▁representing ▁certain ▁action ▁scenes , ▁were ▁used ▁instead ▁of ▁regular ▁live ▁action ▁phot ography . ▁Ex amples ▁include ▁a ▁fut ur istic ▁V TO L - style ▁jet ▁representing ▁the ▁escape ▁plane ▁H agen ▁Arnold ▁uses ▁to ▁escape ▁from ▁S ino - As ia . ▁Another ▁re uses ▁a ▁previous ▁shot ▁from ▁the ▁animated ▁Jon ny ▁Qu est ▁TV ▁series ▁of ▁an ▁under water ▁elev ator ▁which ▁termin ates ▁inside ▁a ▁sub marine ▁on ▁the ▁ocean ▁floor . ▁All ▁animated ▁and ▁some ▁live ▁action ▁sequences ▁were ▁further ▁en hanced ▁with ▁either ▁visual ▁ha ze , ▁w avy ▁imag ery , ▁double ▁expos ures , ▁reverse - negative ▁images , ▁mon och rom atic ▁colors , ▁and ▁other ▁optical ▁effects ▁available ▁in ▁the ▁era . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁American ▁films ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 s ▁sp y ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁William ▁Castle ▁Category : Param ount ▁Pictures ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁based ▁on ▁science ▁fiction ▁nov els ▁Category : Fil ms ▁based ▁on ▁British ▁nov els |
▁Category : 1 9 6 0 s ▁science ▁fiction ▁films ▁Category : American ▁science ▁fiction ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Arthur ▁Charles ▁B ann ington ▁( 1 ▁December ▁ 1 8 7 8 ▁– ▁ 4 ▁February ▁ 1 9 5 1 ), ▁sometimes ▁known ▁as ▁Charlie ▁B ann ington , ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁political ▁activ ist . ▁ ▁A ▁car p enter ▁and ▁jo iner ▁by ▁trade , ▁B ann ington ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁B irmingham , ▁the ▁fourth ▁child ▁of ▁Thomas ▁and ▁Alice ▁B ann ington . ▁ ▁Living ▁in ▁Cov entry , ▁B ann ington ▁came ▁to ▁prom in ence ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Marx ist ▁Social ▁Democratic ▁Federation ▁( S DF ). ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁general ▁election , ▁he ▁stood ▁for ▁the ▁S DF ▁in ▁Carl is le . ▁ ▁Although ▁he ▁visited ▁on ▁several ▁occasions , ▁his ▁campaign ▁was ▁ham per ed ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁take ▁much ▁time ▁off ▁work ▁to ▁visit ▁the ▁seat , ▁so ▁William ▁Gal la cher ▁deput ised ▁for ▁him . ▁ ▁He ▁took ▁ 1 1 . 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote ▁and ▁was ▁not ▁elected . ▁ ▁The ▁S DF ▁became ▁the ▁British ▁Social ist ▁Party ▁( B SP ), ▁and ▁it ▁locally ▁affili ated ▁to ▁the ▁Labour ▁Party . ▁ ▁Under ▁this ▁label , ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁B ann ington ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁Cov entry ▁City ▁Council , ▁defe ating ▁a ▁long - standing ▁Liberal ▁Party |
▁coun c ill or . ▁ ▁The ▁B SP ▁soon ▁dis aff ili ated ▁from ▁Labour , ▁with ▁B ann ington ' s ▁departure ▁considered ▁the ▁greatest ▁loss . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁the ▁B SP ▁adopted ▁a ▁position ▁oppos ing ▁British ▁invol vement ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁ ▁B ann ington ▁strongly ▁object ed ▁to ▁this ▁and ▁res igned ▁from ▁the ▁party , ▁joining ▁the ▁Army ▁T ank ▁Corps . ▁ ▁He ▁rose ▁to ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁ser ge ant , ▁but ▁was ▁in val ided ▁out ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁suffering ▁with ▁shell ▁shock . ▁ ▁In ▁B ann ington ' s ▁absence , ▁other ▁former ▁B SP ▁members ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁had ▁formed ▁a ▁local ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Federation ▁of ▁D isch arg ed ▁and ▁Dem obil ized ▁S ail ors ▁and ▁Sold iers . ▁ ▁This ▁adopted ▁B ann ington ▁as ▁its ▁candidate ▁for ▁Cov entry ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁general ▁election , ▁and ▁his ▁campaign ▁focused ▁on ▁attack ing ▁the ▁official ▁Labour ▁Party ▁candidate , ▁R . ▁C . ▁Wall head . ▁ ▁Wall head ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Independent ▁Labour ▁Party ▁who ▁had ▁opposed ▁the ▁war , ▁but ▁he ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁rem ind ▁crow ds ▁of ▁anti - mil itar ist ▁statements ▁made ▁by ▁B ann ington ▁before ▁the ▁war . ▁ ▁Ult imately , ▁both ▁candidates ▁were ▁defeated ▁by ▁Edward ▁Man ville , ▁a ▁Co al ition ▁Conserv ative ▁politician ; ▁B |
ann ington ▁took ▁ 3 , 8 0 6 ▁votes ▁and ▁fourth ▁place ▁in ▁poll , ▁behind ▁Wall head . ▁ ▁So on ▁afterwards , ▁B ann ington ▁left ▁the ▁city , ▁re loc ating ▁to ▁Oxford , ▁where ▁he ▁devoted ▁his ▁time ▁to ▁the ▁Am alg am ated ▁Society ▁of ▁Wood work ers . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 5 1 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁B irmingham , ▁West ▁Mid lands ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Social ist ▁Party ▁members ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Cov entry ▁Category : Ro yal ▁T ank ▁Regiment ▁soldiers ▁Category : So cial ▁Democratic ▁Federation ▁members ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Army ▁personnel ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : English ▁car pent ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁C uck oo ▁Tree ▁is ▁a ▁children ' s ▁novel ▁by ▁Joan ▁A iken , ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁ ▁T aking ▁place ▁in ▁an ▁alternate ▁history , ▁the ▁story ▁presents ▁the ▁further ▁advent ures ▁of ▁D ido ▁Tw ite , ▁a ▁te en age ▁Victor ian ▁tom boy , ▁in ▁southern ▁England . ▁The ▁novel ▁is ▁chron olog ically ▁the ▁fifth ▁of ▁the ▁Wol ves ▁Chron icles , ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁books ▁set ▁in ▁a ▁fict ional ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Stuart ▁k ings ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁ou sted ▁by ▁William ▁of ▁Orange ; ▁a ▁key ▁plot ▁driver ▁( from ▁Black ▁He arts ▁in ▁B atter se |
a ) ▁is ▁the ▁efforts ▁of ▁" H an over ians " ▁to ▁over throw ▁" K ing ▁James ▁III " ▁and ▁his ▁he irs . ▁ ▁The ▁C uck oo ▁Tree ▁was ▁published ▁before ▁its ▁pre quel , ▁The ▁St olen ▁Lake . ▁ ▁Plot ▁▁ ▁Captain ▁Hugh es ▁and ▁D ido ▁Tw ite ▁are ▁trav elling ▁by ▁stage co ach ▁from ▁the ▁port ▁of ▁Ch ich ester ▁with ▁important ▁dispatch es ▁for ▁the ▁Admir alty ▁in ▁London ▁when ▁the ▁carriage ▁is ▁ups et ▁and ▁Captain ▁Hugh es ▁is ▁injured . ▁ ▁While ▁looking ▁for ▁help , ▁D ido ▁enc oun ters ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁men ▁who ▁direct ▁her ▁to ▁Te ag la ze ▁Man or ; ▁the ▁men ▁turn ▁out ▁to ▁be ▁sm ug gl ers ▁who ▁use ▁the ▁local ▁canal ▁system ▁to ▁transport ▁their ▁war es ▁to ▁London . ▁ ▁At ▁Te agle aze ▁Man or , ▁D ido ▁enc oun ters ▁several ▁characters ▁including ▁Lady ▁T eg le aze , ▁who ▁sends ▁her ▁servants ▁and ▁personal ▁phys ician ▁to ▁the ▁aid ▁of ▁Captain ▁Hugh es . ▁ ▁Hugh es ▁is ▁settled ▁in ▁an ▁abandoned ▁ten ant ▁c ott age ▁to ▁recover , ▁under ▁the ▁care ▁of ▁a ▁local ▁nur se , ▁the ▁un ple asant ▁Mrs . ▁Lub bage . ▁ ▁Un w illing ▁to ▁trust ▁the ▁local ▁post man ▁and ▁need ing ▁to ▁get ▁the ▁dispatch es ▁to ▁London , ▁D ido ▁goes ▁to ▁" the ▁C uck oo ▁Tree ," ▁a ▁local ▁land mark ▁used ▁as ▁a |
▁rende z vous ▁by ▁the ▁sm ug gl ers . ▁ ▁There ▁she ▁enc oun ters ▁Cris , ▁a ▁myster ious ▁child ▁who ▁proves ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁key ▁element ▁in ▁a ▁plot ▁to ▁sw ind le ▁Lady ▁T eg le aze ▁out ▁of ▁her ▁property . ▁ ▁However ▁there ▁is ▁another ▁plot ▁a foot ; ▁Lady ▁T eg le aze ' s ▁lawyer , ▁Mr . ▁Fitz pick wick , ▁is ▁in ▁league ▁with ▁a ▁Han over ian ▁agent ▁planning ▁to ▁kill ▁the ▁young ▁king ▁at ▁his ▁coron ation . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁aid ▁of ▁Cris ▁and ▁the ▁W ine berry ▁sm ug gl ers , ▁D ido ▁must ▁rescue ▁Lady ▁T eg le aze ' ▁grand son ▁Sir ▁Tob it ▁and ▁race ▁the ▁Han over ian ▁plot ters ▁to ▁St . ▁Paul s ▁C athedral , ▁where ▁her ▁old ▁friend ▁Simon ▁is ▁now ▁Master ▁of ▁the ▁King ' s ▁Gar land ries . ▁ ▁Char acters ▁▁▁ ▁D ido ▁Tw ite , ▁a ▁te en age ▁co ck ney ; ▁the ▁protagon ist ▁of ▁the ▁novel ▁ ▁Captain ▁Hugh es , ▁of ▁H . ▁M . ▁S . ▁Th r ush , ▁the ▁ship ▁which ▁picked ▁up ▁D ido ▁in ▁N ant uck et ▁ ▁Lady ▁T eg le aze , ▁owner ▁of ▁Te agle aze ▁Man or ▁and ▁its ▁decl ining ▁est ates ▁ ▁G us set , ▁but ler ▁to ▁Lady ▁T eg le aze ▁ ▁Sir ▁Tob it , ▁the ▁grand son ▁of ▁Lady ▁T eg le aze ▁ |
▁D ais y ▁Lub bage , ▁a ▁famous ▁nur se ▁and ▁her bal ist ▁ ▁Cris , ▁an ▁or phan ▁under ▁the ▁care ▁of ▁Mrs . ▁Lub bage ▁ ▁Yan ▁W ine berry , ▁a ▁sm ugg ler ▁and ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Mr . ▁G us set ▁ ▁Des mond ▁Tw ite , ▁a ka ▁Pa , ▁D ido ' s ▁father ▁and ▁an ▁activ ist ▁of ▁the ▁Han over ian ▁cause ▁ ▁King ▁Richard ▁IV , ▁son ▁and ▁he ir ▁of ▁James ▁III ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁A it ken , ▁Joan . ▁The ▁C uck oo ▁Tree , ▁Double day ▁& ▁Company , ▁Inc . ▁▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁ ▁Pre view ▁at ▁Google ▁Books ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 1 ▁British ▁nov els ▁Category : 1 9 7 1 ▁children ' s ▁books ▁Category : Children ' s ▁historical ▁nov els ▁Category : B rit ish ▁children ' s ▁nov els ▁Category : B rit ish ▁alternative ▁history ▁nov els ▁Category : English ▁nov els ▁Category : Nov els ▁set ▁in ▁England ▁Category : Nov els ▁by ▁Joan ▁A iken ▁Category : Double day ▁( publish er ) ▁books <0x0A> </s> ▁María ▁Am elia ▁Ch op ite a ▁Villa ▁( 2 0 ▁March ▁ 1 9 0 0 – 1 9 4 2 ) ▁was ▁Boliv ia ' s ▁first ▁female ▁phys ician ▁and ▁writer . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁a ▁time ▁when ▁the ▁Boliv ian ▁society ▁was ▁very ▁patri arch al . ▁ ▁Early ▁life |
▁and ▁education ▁Ch op ite a ▁Villa ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Pot os í , ▁Boliv ia ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 . ▁Her ▁parents ▁were ▁Ad ol fo ▁Ch op ite a ▁and ▁Am elia ▁Villa . ▁ ▁Career ▁After ▁receiving ▁a ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree , ▁Ch op ite a ▁Villa ▁entered ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Medicine ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Saint ▁Francis ▁X avier ▁in ▁Su cre , ▁Boliv ia ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁an ▁out standing ▁student . ▁During ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁her ▁university ▁studies , ▁she ▁was ▁designated ▁as ▁a ▁student ▁intern ▁at ▁the ▁Santa ▁B ár bara ▁Hospital . ▁Later ▁she ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁Boliv ian ▁woman ▁to ▁study ▁medicine . ▁When ▁she ▁finished ▁her ▁university ▁studies , ▁she ▁began ▁to ▁write ▁her ▁doctor al ▁th esis , ▁C aus as ▁de ▁la ▁mort al idad ▁infant il , ▁ad vised ▁by ▁Professor ▁Nicolas ▁Ort íz ▁Ant elo , ▁was ▁approved ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁June ▁ 1 9 2 6 . ▁It ▁focused ▁on ▁the ▁high ▁infant ▁mort ality ▁rate ▁of ▁the ▁time . ▁She ▁began ▁by ▁referring ▁to ▁the ▁extraordinary ▁frequency ▁of ▁mort ality ▁in ▁the ▁environment , ▁with ▁all ▁the ▁short com ings ▁of ▁the ▁back ward ness ▁of ▁the ▁national ▁communities . ▁She ▁presented ▁a ▁statistical ▁approach ▁on ▁infant ▁mort ality ▁and ▁mort ality ▁from ▁the ▁years ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁where ▁she ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁for ▁every ▁one |
▁hundred ▁children , ▁ 3 9 % ▁died . ▁In ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁a ▁year , ▁ 8 7 0 ▁were ▁born ▁and ▁ 4 9 0 ▁died . ▁She ▁finished ▁her ▁th esis ▁express ing ▁her ▁appreci ation ▁to ▁the ▁teachers ▁who ▁lav ished ▁her ▁encourag ement ▁and ▁enthus ias m , ▁D rs . ▁León idas ▁T ard ío , ▁Dom ingo ▁Gu zm án , ▁Ja ime ▁M endo za , ▁Walter ▁Villa f ani , ▁had ▁words ▁of ▁grat itude ▁for ▁his ▁god father , ▁Dr . ▁Nicol ás ▁Ort iz ▁Ant elo . ▁She ▁Boliv ia ' s ▁first ▁gradu ate ▁study ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁ped iat rics . ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 1 9 2 6 , ▁The ▁National ▁Congress ▁of ▁Boliv ia ▁prom ul g ated ▁a ▁law ▁to ▁Ch op ite a ▁Villa ▁went ▁to ▁Paris ▁for ▁further ▁study , ▁where ▁she ▁studied ▁under ▁numerous ▁do ctors ▁and ▁worked ▁for ▁several ▁hosp it als . ▁such ▁as ▁Mat ern ity ▁Baud elo que , ▁T arn ier , ▁E f ants ▁Mal ades ▁and ▁many ▁others . ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 9 2 9 , ▁she ▁represented ▁Boliv ia ▁at ▁the ▁Congress ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁internationale ▁des ▁femmes - mé dec ins ▁( Med ical ▁Women ' s ▁International ▁Association ) ▁in ▁Paris ; ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁women ▁from ▁South ▁American . ▁She ▁returned ▁to ▁Boliv ia , ▁where ▁she ▁became ▁a ▁prominent ▁sur geon , ▁special izing ▁in ▁gy ne col ogy |
▁and ▁ped iat rics . ▁She ▁established ▁the ▁P ab ell on ▁de ▁Ni ños ▁( Children ' s ▁Ward ) ▁at ▁the ▁O ru ro ▁Hospital . ▁The ▁Boliv ian ▁government ▁hon oured ▁her ▁for ▁her ▁work . ▁and ▁also ▁helped ▁the ▁families ▁of ▁the ▁soldiers ▁during ▁the ▁Ch aco ▁War . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁also ▁listed ▁in ▁the ▁Spanish - language ▁book ▁Qu ién ▁es ▁qui én ▁en ▁Boliv ia ▁( Who ▁is ▁Who ▁in ▁Boliv ia ), ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁the ▁year ▁of ▁her ▁death . ▁Her ▁sister , ▁El ia ▁Ch op ite a , ▁also ▁studied ▁medicine , ▁becoming ▁the ▁second ▁woman ▁doctor ▁in ▁Boliv ia . ▁Dr . ▁Ch ip ote a ▁belonged ▁to ▁different ▁scientific ▁institutions : ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Medical ▁Association ▁based ▁in ▁London . ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Red ▁Cross ▁in ▁O ru ro , ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁L ions ▁Club ▁in ▁O ru ro ▁( 1 9 3 0 - 1 9 3 5 ), ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁University ▁and ▁Professional ▁Women ▁in ▁Paris . ▁In ▁O ru ro , ▁she ▁pres ided ▁over ▁the ▁Popular ▁American ▁Leg ion ▁of ▁civ ic ▁character . ▁In ▁general , ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁pione er ▁in ▁the ▁recognition ▁of ▁women ' s ▁civil ▁and ▁political ▁rights . ▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁legacy ▁She ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁ ▁Ch op ite a ▁Villa ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 9 9 9 ▁women ▁comm emor ated ▁in |
▁the ▁Heritage ▁F loor ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Jud y ▁Chicago ' s ▁ 1 9 7 4 – 9 ▁art ▁installation ▁The ▁D inner ▁Party ▁at ▁the ▁Brook lyn ▁Museum . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁D UB RA VC IC ▁L U KS IC ▁AN T ON IO ▁“ Ch op ite a ▁Villa ▁María ▁Am elia ” ▁Dic cion ario ▁Bi ográ fico ▁Méd ico ▁His p ano amer icano ▁( DB M H ▁ 2 . ▁Boliv ia ) ▁ 2 . 1 5 ▁Ed ición ▁de ▁la ▁Academia ▁Nacional ▁de ▁Med icina ▁de ▁Venezuela ▁Editor ial ▁A te pro ca , ▁Car ac as - V enez uela ▁febrero ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Health ▁in ▁Boliv ia ▁Women ▁in ▁Boliv ia ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁death s ▁Category : B ol iv ian ▁women ▁phys icians ▁Category : History ▁of ▁medicine ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Pot os í ▁Department <0x0A> </s> ▁Mil jan ▁Mr d ak ović ▁( , ▁; ▁born ▁ 6 ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Ser bian ▁former ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁stri ker . ▁ ▁A ▁jour ne yman , ▁Mr d ak ović ▁played ▁for ▁ 2 0 ▁clubs ▁across ▁ 1 0 ▁countries ▁and ▁scored ▁ 1 5 0 ▁goals ▁in ▁all ▁compet itions . ▁He ▁also ▁represented ▁Ser bia ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Olympics . |
▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁After ▁passing ▁through ▁the ▁youth ▁categories ▁of ▁Rad ni č ki ▁Ni š ▁and ▁Part iz an , ▁Mr d ak ović ▁moved ▁abroad ▁to ▁Belg ian ▁club ▁And er lecht ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 6 . ▁He ▁played ▁for ▁their ▁youth ▁and ▁reserve ▁teams , ▁before ▁going ▁on ▁loan ▁to ▁fellow ▁Belg ian ▁First ▁Division ▁side ▁E end racht ▁A al st ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Following ▁an ▁un success ful ▁spell ▁in ▁Belg ium , ▁Mr d ak ović ▁returned ▁to ▁his ▁hom eland ▁and ▁joined ▁OF K ▁Be og rad ▁on ▁a ▁free ▁transfer . ▁He ▁became ▁the ▁team ' s ▁top ▁sc orer ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 ▁season , ▁bag ging ▁ 2 0 ▁league ▁goals ▁in ▁ 3 2 ▁appearances . ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁Mr d ak ović ▁was ▁transferred ▁back ▁to ▁Belg ium , ▁pen ning ▁a ▁four - year ▁contract ▁with ▁Gent . ▁He ▁left ▁the ▁Belg ian ▁club ▁by ▁mut ual ▁agreement ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁OF K ▁Be og rad ▁to ▁finish ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Mr d ak ović ▁signed ▁with ▁Austria ▁Sal zburg . ▁He ▁left ▁six ▁months ▁later ▁for ▁Ukraine ▁and ▁spent ▁a ▁little ▁over ▁a ▁year ▁at ▁Metal ist ▁Kh ark iv . ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Mr d ak ović |
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