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▁to ▁being ▁bit ten ▁by ▁sc orp ions ▁or ▁sn akes , ▁to ▁ill ness es ▁from ▁expos ure . ▁These ▁are ▁some ▁examples ▁of ▁the ▁death s ▁that ▁have ▁occurred ▁due ▁to ▁ch h au pad i : ▁▁ ▁An ▁ 1 1 - year - old ▁girl ▁died ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁stem ming ▁from ▁di arr he a ▁and ▁de h yd r ation ▁from ▁being ▁kept ▁in ▁a ▁men stru ation ▁h ut . ▁Both ▁her ▁family ▁and ▁neighb ours ▁refused ▁to ▁bring ▁her ▁to ▁the ▁hospital ▁because ▁they ▁believed ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁become ▁imp ure ▁should ▁they ▁touch ▁her . ▁Two ▁young ▁women ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁who ▁died ▁from ▁smoke ▁in hal ation ▁and ▁carbon ▁mon ox ide ▁poison ing ▁from ▁fires . ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁L als ara ▁B ika , ▁a ▁ 1 4 - year - old , ▁died ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁a ▁serious ▁cold - related ▁ill ness ▁from ▁living ▁in ▁a ▁men stru ation ▁h ut . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 - year - old ▁Tul asi ▁Shah i ▁died ▁from ▁being ▁bit ten ▁by ▁a ▁s nake ▁" tw ice , ▁on ▁her ▁head ▁and ▁leg ," ▁while ▁living ▁in ▁a ▁cow ▁shed ▁being ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁men stru ation ▁h ut . ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Am ba ▁Boh ora , ▁a ▁ 3 |
5 - year - old ▁Nep ali ▁mother ▁and ▁her ▁sons , ▁aged ▁ 9 ▁and ▁ 1 2 , ▁died ▁of ▁smoke ▁in hal ation ▁while ▁living ▁in ▁their ▁men stru al ▁h ut . ▁In ▁early ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁ 2 1 - year ▁old ▁Par w ati ▁Bog ati ▁died ▁from ▁suff ocation ▁and ▁smoke ▁in hal ation ▁after ▁light ing ▁a ▁fire ▁to ▁stay ▁warm . ▁ ▁Public ▁action ▁against ▁ch h au pad i ▁ ▁Community ▁and ▁organiz ational ▁actions ▁exist ▁to ▁combat ▁the ▁practice . ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁local ▁authorities ▁demanded ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁ch h au pad i ▁h uts ▁in ▁B aj ura , ▁the ▁municipality ▁in ▁which ▁a ▁woman ▁and ▁her ▁two ▁young ▁sons ▁died ▁in ▁a ▁h ut . ▁This ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁removal ▁of ▁ 6 0 ▁sh eds , ▁and ▁the ▁deployment ▁of ▁law ▁enfor cement ▁to ▁pat rol ▁for ▁further ▁removal . ▁ ▁Legisl ation ▁▁ ▁Ch h au pad i ▁was ▁out la wed ▁by ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Nep al ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁but ▁the ▁tradition ▁has ▁been ▁slow ▁to ▁change . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Nep al ▁passed ▁a ▁law ▁pun ishing ▁people ▁who ▁force ▁women ▁into ▁ex ile ▁during ▁men stru ating ▁with ▁up ▁to ▁three ▁months ▁in ▁j ail ▁or ▁a ▁fine ▁of ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁Nep al ese ▁ru pe es . ▁However , ▁in |
▁the ▁five ▁months ▁since ▁the ▁new ▁law ▁went ▁into ▁effect ▁( in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 8 ), ▁no ▁cases ▁have ▁been ▁file d ▁against ▁those ▁enfor cing ▁the ▁practice . ▁In ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁district ▁govern ments ▁in ▁the ▁far ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁country ▁began ▁den ying ▁state ▁support ▁services ▁to ▁citizens ▁still ▁enfor cing ▁the ▁practice ▁of ▁ch h au pad i , ▁in ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁reduce ▁the ▁practice . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Culture ▁and ▁men stru ation ▁ ▁Car bon ▁mon ox ide ▁poison ing ▁Men stru al ▁H yg iene ▁Day ▁ ▁R it ual ▁pur ity ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁( B BC ) ▁Women ▁ha il ▁men stru ation ▁r uling ▁ ▁( B BC ) ▁Nep al ' s ▁' conf ined ▁women ' ▁want ▁change ▁ ▁( National ▁Geographic ) ▁The ▁Ris ky ▁L ives ▁of ▁Women ▁Sent ▁In to ▁Ex ile — For ▁Men stru ating ▁ ▁Category : N ep al ese ▁culture ▁Category : Super st itions ▁of ▁Nep al ▁Category : W omen ▁in ▁Nep al ▁Category : Men stru al ▁cycle ▁Category : F em in ine ▁h yg iene ▁Category : Tab oo ▁Category : F em in ism ▁and ▁health <0x0A> </s> ▁Jacob ▁Davis ▁Bab cock ▁Still man ▁( 1 8 1 9 – 1 8 8 8 ) ▁was ▁personal ▁phys ician ▁to ▁L eland ▁Stan ford , ▁the ▁first ▁governor ▁of ▁California . ▁He ▁is ▁cred ited |
▁with ▁coun sel ing ▁Mrs . ▁Stan ford ▁sufficiently ▁so ▁that ▁after ▁eigh teen ▁years ▁of ▁marriage , ▁she ▁bore ▁a ▁son , ▁L eland ▁Jr ., ▁in ▁whose ▁memory ▁Stan ford ▁University ▁was ▁established ▁by ▁his ▁father .' ▁The ▁nature ▁of ▁this ▁mi rac ul ous ▁coun sel ing ▁is ▁not ▁specified ." ▁ ▁He ▁and ▁Stan ford ▁published ▁The ▁Hor se ▁in ▁Mot ion , ▁the ▁photograph s ▁in ▁which ▁( by ▁E ad we ard ▁Mu y bridge ) ▁answered ▁aff irm atively ▁the ▁question ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁a ▁long standing ▁w ager ▁among ▁Stan ford ▁and ▁others : ▁whether ▁all ▁four ▁ho ov es ▁of ▁a ▁gal lop ing ▁horse ▁are ▁ever ▁off ▁the ▁ground ▁simultaneously . ▁ ▁Short ▁bi ography ▁ ▁Born ▁ 1 8 1 9 ▁in ▁Sch en ect ady , ▁New ▁York ▁Jacob ▁Davis ▁Bab cock ▁Still man , ▁better ▁known ▁as ▁J DB , ▁migr ated ▁to ▁California ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 9 ▁and ▁made ▁a ▁name ▁not ▁only ▁as ▁a ▁phys ian ▁but ▁also ▁as ▁an ▁advent ur ist , ▁writer ▁and ▁a ▁pione er ▁in ▁the ▁medical ▁field . ▁ ▁Following ▁his ▁gradu ation ▁in ▁bot any ▁and ▁bi ology ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 3 ▁from ▁the ▁Union ▁University ▁in ▁Sch en ect ady , ▁the ▁third ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁J DB ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁director ▁in ▁a ▁board ing ▁and ▁later ▁as ▁a ▁sur geon ▁at ▁the ▁Belle vue ▁Hospital ▁Center |
. ▁He ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁Caroline ▁Max son ▁the ▁same ▁year . ▁During ▁his ▁ten ure ▁at ▁the ▁hospital , ▁he ▁ ▁set ▁off ▁at ▁age ▁thirty ▁on ▁a ▁ 1 9 4 - day ▁ship ▁journey ▁on ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Ocean ▁for ▁San ▁Francisco ▁via ▁Cape ▁Horn . ▁He ▁narr ates ▁the ▁advent ure ▁and ▁hard ships ▁he ▁faced ▁during ▁the ▁long ▁journey ▁ ▁he ▁made ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁bunch ▁of ▁ 9 7 ▁gold ▁hun ters -- the ▁mis ery ▁made ▁worse ▁by ▁a ▁r uth less ▁captain ▁of ▁the ▁ship -- in ▁his ▁ma iden ▁book , ▁“ ▁Se ek ing ▁the ▁Golden ▁Fle e ce .” ▁His ▁w ander l ust ▁did ▁not ▁stop ▁there . ▁So on ▁after ▁he ▁land ed ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁he ▁made ▁another ▁trip ▁on ▁a ▁boat ▁across ▁the ▁Sac r amento ▁River ▁to ▁the ▁gold ▁mines ▁with ▁his ▁friend ▁Mark ▁Hop kins , ▁Jr . ▁but ▁was ▁back ▁shortly ▁after ▁he ▁fell ▁sick . ▁His ▁book ▁An ▁ 1 8 5 0 ▁Vo y age , ▁San ▁Francisco ▁to ▁Baltimore , ▁By ▁Sea ▁and ▁Land , ▁rec ount s ▁his ▁another ▁ep ic ▁voyage . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁first ▁wife , ▁J DB ▁rem ar ried ▁Mary ▁G av itt ▁Well s ▁of ▁West er ly , ▁Rh ode ▁Island , ▁and ▁continued ▁his ▁medical ▁practice ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁After ▁ret iring ▁from ▁his ▁profession , ▁J DB ▁moved ▁to ▁Red lands , ▁California , ▁where ▁he ▁bought ▁ |
2 0 0 ▁a cre ▁land ▁and ▁started ▁a ▁v ine yard . ▁J DB ▁died ▁in ▁Red lands ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 6 9 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Phys icians ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : 1 8 1 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 8 8 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Sch en ect ady , ▁New ▁York <0x0A> </s> ▁East ▁Wall abi ▁Island ▁is ▁an ▁island ▁in ▁the ▁Wall abi ▁Group ▁of ▁the ▁H out man ▁Ab rol hos , ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁Ocean ▁off ▁the ▁west ▁coast ▁of ▁main land ▁Australia . ▁ ▁History ▁East ▁Wall abi ▁Island ▁played ▁an ▁important ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁ship w reck ▁and ▁mass acre . ▁Following ▁the ▁ship w reck , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁soldiers ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁Wie bbe ▁Hay es ▁were ▁put ▁ash ore ▁on ▁West ▁Wall abi ▁Island ▁to ▁search ▁for ▁water . ▁The ▁mut ine ers ▁who ▁took ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁ship ▁left ▁them ▁there ▁in ▁the ▁hope ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁star ve ▁or ▁die ▁of ▁th irst . ▁However , ▁the ▁soldiers ▁discovered ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁w ade ▁to ▁East ▁Wall abi ▁Island , ▁where ▁they ▁eventually ▁discovered ▁a ▁fresh ▁water ▁spring . ▁Furthermore , ▁West ▁and ▁East ▁Wall abi ▁Island ▁are ▁the ▁only ▁islands ▁in ▁the ▁group ▁upon ▁which ▁the ▁tam mar ▁wall abi ▁lives . ▁Thus ▁the ▁soldiers ▁had ▁access ▁to ▁sources ▁of ▁both ▁food ▁and ▁water ▁that ▁were ▁un |
available ▁to ▁the ▁mut ine ers . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁the ▁Bat avia ▁mut iny ▁and ▁mass acre , ▁East ▁Wall abi ▁Island ▁is ▁often ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁" High ▁island ". ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁name ▁given ▁it ▁in ▁contemporary ▁sources , ▁and ▁was ▁used ▁by ▁histor ians ▁for ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁it ▁remained ▁a ▁lost ▁to pon ym . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁N omin ally ▁located ▁at ▁, ▁East ▁Wall abi ▁Island ▁is ▁the ▁second - larg est ▁island ▁in ▁H out man ▁Ab rol hos ▁arch ip el ago , ▁after ▁West ▁Wall abi ▁Island . ▁It ▁is ▁roughly ▁circular ▁in ▁shape , ▁except ▁for ▁Fish ▁Point ▁in ▁the ▁north - east . ▁It ▁is ▁approximately ▁ ▁long ▁( al ong ▁the ▁south - e astern ▁edge ) ▁and ▁about ▁ ▁wide , ▁giving ▁it ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁about ▁. ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁named ▁hills ▁on ▁the ▁island . ▁Flag ▁Hill ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁north - east ▁of ▁the ▁island , ▁at ▁the ▁foot ▁of ▁Fish ▁Point ; ▁at ▁, ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁point ▁in ▁the ▁H out man ▁Ab rol hos . ▁In ▁the ▁south - east ▁is ▁another ▁hill , ▁named ▁E agle ▁Hill . ▁Other ▁named ▁local ities ▁include ▁Fish ▁Point ▁and , ▁on ▁the ▁point ' s ▁western ▁side , ▁T urt le ▁Bay . ▁Im medi ately ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁Flag ▁Hill ▁is ▁an ▁a irst rip . ▁ ▁The ▁island ▁is ▁surrounded ▁by ▁sub mer ged ▁cor al ▁re |
ef . ▁This ▁is ▁narrow ▁along ▁the ▁west , ▁north ▁and ▁east ▁sh ores , ▁giving ▁way ▁to ▁open ▁ocean ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁and ▁north . ▁Bey ond ▁the ▁re ef ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁island ▁lies ▁P ige on ▁Island ▁An ch orage , ▁the ▁main ▁passage ▁and ▁anch orage ▁for ▁P ige on ▁Island , ▁a ▁small ▁island ▁ ▁to ▁the ▁south ▁that ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁season al ▁camp ▁for ▁the ▁Western ▁Rock ▁Lob ster ▁fish ery . ▁To ▁the ▁south , ▁the ▁re ef ▁is ▁extensive , ▁and ▁much ▁of ▁it ▁is ▁high ▁enough ▁that ▁a ▁person ▁may ▁w ade ▁from ▁island ▁to ▁island ; ▁islands ▁connected ▁to ▁East ▁Wall abi ▁Island ▁in ▁this ▁way ▁include ▁Bar ge ▁Rock , ▁Turn stone ▁Island , ▁Se ag ull ▁Island , ▁O yst erc atch er ▁Island ▁and ▁West ▁Wall abi ▁Island . ▁ ▁Ge ology ▁and ▁phys i ography ▁The ▁bas ement ▁of ▁East ▁Wall abi ▁Island ▁is ▁the ▁Wall abi ▁Lim estone , ▁a ▁dense ▁cal cret ised , ▁cor al ▁lim estone ▁platform ▁that ▁under lies ▁the ▁entire ▁Wall abi ▁Group . ▁This ▁platform , ▁which ▁ar ises ▁ab rupt ly ▁from ▁a ▁flat ▁sh elf , ▁is ▁about ▁ ▁thick , ▁and ▁is ▁of ▁Qu atern ary ▁origin . ▁Re ef ▁that ▁formed ▁during ▁the ▁E em ian ▁inter g la cial ▁( about ▁ 1 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁years ▁ago ), ▁when ▁sea ▁levels ▁were ▁higher ▁than ▁at ▁present , ▁are |
▁now ▁emer gent ▁in ▁places , ▁and ▁const itute ▁the ▁bas ement ▁of ▁the ▁group ' s ▁central ▁platform ▁islands , ▁which ▁include ▁East ▁Wall abi ▁Island . ▁ ▁The ▁bas ement ▁is ▁c apped ▁by ▁a e ol ian ite . ▁This ▁ranges ▁from ▁ ▁thick , ▁and ▁forms ▁an ▁almost ▁continuous ▁pav ement ▁on ▁the ▁western ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁island . ▁The ▁a e ol ian ite ▁is ▁in ▁turn ▁over lain ▁by ▁sand ▁d unes . ▁These ▁are ▁dis continu ous ▁in ▁western ▁and ▁northern ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁island , ▁but ▁in ▁the ▁south - west ▁and ▁east ▁they ▁are ▁extensive ▁and ▁cons olid ated . ▁ ▁Flora ▁ ▁As ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁few ▁islands ▁in ▁the ▁H out man ▁Ab rol hos ▁large ▁enough ▁to ▁support ▁d une ▁systems , ▁East ▁Wall abi ▁Island ▁supports ▁a ▁relatively ▁high ▁divers ity ▁of ▁plant ▁life . ▁Both ▁the ▁d unes ▁and ▁the ▁pav ement ▁lim estone ▁support ▁species - rich ▁veget ation ▁complex es ▁domin ated ▁by ▁ch en op od ▁shr ubs , ▁and ▁these ▁communities ▁have ▁been ▁identified ▁as ▁having ▁species ▁conservation ▁importance , ▁because ▁they ▁are ▁so ▁diverse , ▁yet ▁so ▁easily ▁dist urbed ▁and ▁so ▁slow ▁to ▁recover . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁a ▁survey ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁ 1 2 4 ▁plant ▁species ▁occur ▁on ▁East ▁Wall abi ▁Island , ▁the ▁most ▁of ▁any ▁island ▁in ▁the ▁arch ip el ago : ▁ ▁Bird s ▁The ▁island ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁H |
out man ▁Ab rol hos ▁Import ant ▁Bird ▁Area , ▁identified ▁as ▁such ▁by ▁Bird Life ▁International ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁importance ▁for ▁supporting ▁large ▁numbers ▁of ▁bre eding ▁se ab ird s . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : W all abi ▁Group ▁Category : Import ant ▁Bird ▁Are as ▁of ▁Western ▁Australia ▁Category : Is lands ▁of ▁the ▁H out man ▁Ab rol hos <0x0A> </s> ▁M ég uet ▁is ▁a ▁department ▁or ▁commune ▁of ▁G anz ourg ou ▁Province ▁in ▁central - e astern ▁Bur k ina ▁F aso . ▁Its ▁capital ▁lies ▁at ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁M ég uet . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁census ▁the ▁department ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁population ▁of ▁ 3 4 , 6 6 8 . ▁ ▁Town s ▁and ▁villages ▁▁ ▁M ég uet ▁( 7 ▁ 2 7 3 ▁inhabitants ) ▁( cap ital ) ▁ ▁Bag hin <0x09> ( 1 ▁ 1 1 2 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁B oll é <0x09> ( 1 ▁ 1 0 0 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁B oul w ando <0x09> ( 1 ▁ 7 1 0 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁D az an ré <0x09> ( 7 8 3 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁Kab ou da <0x09> ( 1 ▁ 4 9 8 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁K ak im <0x09> ( 3 3 3 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁Kan ré <0x09> ( 1 ▁ 7 4 3 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁K oug d ough in <0x09> ( 1 ▁ 3 1 8 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁K oul we |
ogo <0x09> ( 2 ▁ 1 1 3 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁L alm ogo <0x09> ( 5 2 4 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁N ah ou b é <0x09> ( 1 ▁ 0 9 5 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁O u av ouss é <0x09> ( 1 ▁ 1 4 3 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁P imal ga <0x09> ( 9 4 0 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁Pin ré <0x09> ( 2 ▁ 0 2 3 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁Tam as go <0x09> ( 1 ▁ 7 4 4 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁Tang hin <0x09> ( 2 ▁ 9 0 2 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁Tib in <0x09> ( 1 ▁ 7 5 3 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁V ag ma <0x09> ( 1 ▁ 2 1 3 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁Y ama <0x09> ( 2 1 2 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁Z em al ga <0x09> ( 2 ▁ 0 9 3 ▁inhabitants ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Dep art ments ▁of ▁Bur k ina ▁F aso ▁Category : G anz ourg ou ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁V ran ov ▁nad ▁D yj í ▁is ▁a ▁château ▁in ▁the ▁hom onym ic ▁town ▁of ▁V ran ov ▁nad ▁D yj í ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁Mor avia ▁( S outh ▁Mor av ian ▁Region ), ▁Czech ▁Republic . ▁It ▁lies ▁on ▁the ▁Dy je ▁( Th aya ) ▁river , ▁ ▁north ▁from ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁border ▁close ▁to ▁Har de gg . ▁ ▁History ▁V ran ov ' s ▁location ▁was ▁first ▁mentioned ▁by ▁Cos mas ▁of ▁Prag ue |
▁in ▁ 1 1 0 0 ▁as ▁a ▁border ▁sent ry ▁castle ▁( ). ▁It ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁D uk es ▁of ▁Boh emia ▁to ▁defend ▁the ▁southern ▁border ▁of ▁Mor avia ▁against ▁ra ids ▁from ▁the ▁neighbour ing ▁Aust rian ▁March . ▁Until ▁ 1 3 2 3 ▁the ▁castle ▁was ▁in ▁royal ▁hands ▁but ▁in ▁that ▁year ▁king ▁John ▁of ▁Boh emia ▁pa wn ed ▁V ran ov ▁to ▁a ▁powerful ▁Boh em ian ▁no blem an , ▁the ▁vic ero y ▁J ind ř ich ▁of ▁Lip á . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 4 2 1 , ▁during ▁the ▁dist urban ces ▁of ▁the ▁H uss ite ▁Wars ▁the ▁Boh em ian ▁noble ▁family ▁of ▁L ichten burg ▁took ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁castle ▁and ▁the ▁cont igu ous ▁market ▁town . ▁In ▁ 1 4 9 9 ▁it ▁definitely ▁passed ▁on ▁to ▁L ichten burg s ▁as ▁her edit ary ▁possession ▁by ▁the ▁king ▁Vlad is laus ▁II ▁of ▁Boh emia ▁and ▁Hung ary . ▁The ▁L ichten burg ▁family ▁held ▁V ran ov ▁for ▁almost ▁a ▁century , ▁until ▁ 1 5 1 6 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century , ▁V ran ov ▁frequently ▁changed ▁the ▁hold ers ▁( chron olog ically : ▁l ords ▁of ▁Bos kov ice , ▁P ern š te j ns , ▁l ords ▁of ▁L om nice , ▁Kra ig ers ▁of ▁K raj k ▁and ▁Diet rich ste ins ). ▁Probably ▁the ▁most ▁significant ▁own ers ▁were |
▁l ords ▁from ▁the ▁Bav arian ▁family ▁of ▁Al th ann , ▁c ous ins ▁of ▁the ▁Prin ces ▁of ▁Bel mon te . ▁Wolf ▁Diet rich ▁of ▁Al th ann ▁purchased ▁the ▁castle ▁in ▁ 1 6 1 4 . ▁Nevertheless , ▁seven ▁years ▁later ▁the ▁man or ▁was ▁conf isc ated ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁participation ▁in ▁the ▁re bell ion ▁of ▁the ▁Boh em ian ▁Est ates . ▁The ▁conf isc ated ▁castle ▁was ▁consequ ently ▁sold ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Al bre cht ▁of ▁Val d š te j n ' s ▁gener als , ▁Johann ▁Ernst ▁of ▁Sch er fen berg . ▁ ▁Michael ▁Johann ▁II ▁Al th ann ▁recovered ▁the ▁V ran ov ▁estate ▁for ▁the ▁family ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 0 . ▁He ▁commission ed ▁the ▁famous ▁Aust rian ▁architect ▁Johann ▁Bern hard ▁Fischer ▁von ▁Er lach ▁to ▁design ▁a ▁grand ▁hall , ▁known ▁as ▁‘ the ▁Hall ▁of ▁the ▁An c est ors ’ ▁in ▁the ▁Bar o que ▁style ▁as ▁a ▁mem orial ▁to ▁his ▁Al th ann ▁ancest ors . ▁It ▁was ▁built ▁between ▁ 1 6 8 7 ▁and ▁ 1 6 9 5 . ▁It ’ s ▁an ▁o val ▁construction ▁sur mount ed ▁by ▁an ▁impos ing ▁cup ola ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁dominant ▁feature ▁of ▁V ran ov . ▁An ▁Aust rian ▁sculpt or , ▁Tob ias ▁Kra cker , ▁created ▁large ▁stat ues ▁of ▁the ▁ancest ors ▁in ▁nich es ▁around ▁the ▁walls ▁and ▁another ▁Aust rian ▁artist , |
▁Johann ▁Michael ▁R ott may r , ▁painted ▁an ▁alleg or ical ▁gl or ification ▁of ▁the ▁Al th ann ▁family ▁in ▁the ▁cup ola . ▁To ▁complement ▁the ▁Hall ▁of ▁the ▁An c est ors ▁with ▁a ▁spiritual ▁element , ▁Fischer ▁von ▁Er lach ▁designed ▁a ▁Bar o que ▁chap el , ▁ ▁the ▁Chap el ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Tr inity , ▁which ▁incorpor ated ▁an ▁Al th ann ▁family ▁v ault . ▁The ▁rich ly ▁decor ated ▁chap el ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁two ▁years ▁( 1 6 9 9 ▁and ▁ 1 6 7 0 ). ▁After ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁Michael ▁Johann ▁II ▁Al th ann ▁more ▁grand ▁buildings ▁were ▁constructed , ▁comple ting ▁the ▁transformation ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁castle ▁complex ▁into ▁an ▁up - to - date ▁Bar o que ▁ch ate au . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Z á me k ▁V ran ov ▁nad ▁Dy ji ▁Official ▁Website ▁ ▁Category : Bar o que ▁architecture ▁in ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁Category : Z no j mo ▁District ▁Category : Cast les ▁in ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁Category : Cast les ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁Mor av ian ▁Region ▁Category : M useum s ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁Mor av ian ▁Region ▁Category : H istor ic ▁house ▁museum s ▁in ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁Category : National ▁Cultural ▁Mon uments ▁of ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic <0x0A> </s> ▁Bry an ▁Clar ence ▁Murray ▁( Dec ember ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁– ▁August ▁ 1 2 , ▁ |
2 0 1 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Canadian ▁professional ▁ice ▁hockey ▁executive ▁and ▁coach . ▁ ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁Ott awa ▁Sen ators ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League ▁( N HL ) ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁He ▁had ▁previously ▁been ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁N HL ' s ▁M ight y ▁D uck s ▁of ▁Ana heim , ▁Florida ▁Pan thers , ▁and ▁Detroit ▁Red ▁W ings . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁Washington ▁Capit als , ▁Detroit ▁Red ▁W ings , ▁Florida ▁Pan thers , ▁M ight y ▁D uck s ▁of ▁Ana heim , ▁and ▁Ott awa ▁Sen ators , ▁for ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 7 ▁full ▁or ▁partial ▁seasons . ▁ ▁He ▁compiled ▁over ▁ 6 0 0 ▁N HL ▁vict ories ▁in ▁regular ▁season ▁games . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁ 1 3 ▁full ▁N HL ▁seasons ▁as ▁head ▁coach , ▁he ▁took ▁his ▁teams ▁to ▁the ▁play offs ▁ 1 2 ▁times . ▁ ▁In ▁other ▁le agues , ▁he ▁was ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Hockey ▁League ' s ▁H ers he y ▁B ears ▁and ▁the ▁Western ▁Hockey ▁League ' s ▁Regin a ▁P ats . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Murray ▁played ▁hockey ▁in ▁his ▁h omet own ▁of ▁Shaw ville ▁growing ▁up , ▁joining ▁the ▁Shaw ville ▁Pont ia cs ▁intermediate ▁club ▁at ▁age ▁ 1 4 . ▁ ▁He ▁ ▁later ▁joined ▁the ▁Rock land ▁National s |
▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Junior ▁Hockey ▁League . ▁ ▁He ▁attended ▁Mac don ald ▁College , ▁a ▁sub urban ▁campus ▁of ▁McG ill ▁University , ▁which ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Ste . ▁Anne ▁de ▁Belle vue , ▁Quebec . ▁ ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁Shaw ville ▁and ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁g ym ▁teacher . ▁ ▁He ▁then ▁went ▁into ▁business ▁bu ying ▁a ▁local ▁mot el . ▁ ▁Early ▁co aching ▁career ▁Murray ▁began ▁his ▁co aching ▁career ▁as ▁coach ▁with ▁the ▁Rock land ▁National s ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁when ▁the ▁team ▁went ▁all ▁the ▁way ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁Cent enn ial ▁Cup ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Junior ▁Hockey ▁League ▁( C J HL ). ▁ ▁He ▁earned ▁a ▁good ▁reputation ▁as ▁a ▁coach ▁and ▁was ▁offered ▁a ▁position ▁with ▁the ▁P embro ke ▁L umber ▁Kings , ▁and ▁then ▁with ▁the ▁Regin a ▁P ats ▁of ▁the ▁Western ▁Hockey ▁League ▁( W HL ). ▁ ▁He ▁left ▁his ▁business ▁interests ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁family ▁members , ▁and ▁moved ▁west . ▁ ▁He ▁took ▁Regin a ▁to ▁the ▁Memorial ▁Cup ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁Murray ▁then ▁became ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Hockey ▁League ' s ▁H ers he y ▁B ears ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 – 8 1 , ▁and ▁served ▁in ▁that ▁role ▁until ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Washington ▁Capit als , ▁H ers he y ▁B ears ' ▁parent ▁N HL ▁team , ▁part way ▁through ▁the ▁next ▁season |
▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 – 8 2 . ▁ ▁N HL ▁coach ▁and ▁general ▁manager ▁In ▁seven ▁full ▁seasons ▁with ▁the ▁Capit als , ▁Murray ▁brought ▁the ▁team ▁to ▁the ▁play offs ▁each ▁year , ▁and ▁these ▁play off ▁appearances ▁were ▁the ▁first ▁in ▁franch ise ▁history . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁second ▁year , ▁the ▁Capit als ▁won ▁their ▁first ▁play off ▁series . ▁However , ▁his ▁teams ▁did ▁not ▁advance ▁beyond ▁the ▁second ▁round . ▁ ▁He ▁won ▁the ▁Jack ▁Adams ▁Award ▁as ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁ ▁Murray ▁was ▁fired ▁part way ▁through ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 9 – 9 0 ▁season , ▁with ▁the ▁team ▁struggling , ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁his ▁brother ▁Terry ▁Murray . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁Murray ▁became ▁coach ▁and ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁Detroit ▁Red ▁W ings . ▁ ▁The ▁team ▁had ▁good ▁results ▁in ▁his ▁three ▁seasons , ▁making ▁the ▁play offs ▁each ▁year , ▁but ▁not ▁getting ▁beyond ▁the ▁second ▁round . ▁ ▁Murray ▁remained ▁as ▁general ▁manager ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 – 9 4 ▁season , ▁after ▁the ▁team ▁named ▁Scot ty ▁Bow man ▁as ▁head ▁coach . ▁ ▁Murray ▁depart ed ▁the ▁Red ▁W ings ▁following ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁Murray ▁was ▁next ▁appointed ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁expansion ▁Florida ▁Pan thers ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁the ▁young ▁Pan thers ▁made ▁it ▁to ▁the |
▁Stanley ▁Cup ▁Final s , ▁and ▁Murray ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁N HL ▁Executive ▁of ▁the ▁Year . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁co ached ▁the ▁Pan thers ▁for ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 – 9 8 ▁season . ▁ ▁He ▁next ▁joined ▁the ▁M ight y ▁D uck s ▁of ▁Ana heim ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 – 0 2 ▁season . ▁ ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Murray ▁was ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁M ight y ▁D uck s , ▁and ▁again ▁saw ▁his ▁team ▁quickly ▁make ▁a ▁mark ▁in ▁the ▁play offs , ▁reaching ▁the ▁Stanley ▁Cup ▁Final s . ▁ ▁After ▁a ▁disappoint ing ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 0 4 ▁season ▁with ▁the ▁M ight y ▁D uck s , ▁he ▁surprised ▁many ▁by ▁dec iding ▁to ▁res ign ▁from ▁the ▁general ▁manager ▁post , ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Ott awa ▁Sen ators . ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁fifth ▁N HL ▁coach ▁to ▁achieve ▁ 6 0 0 ▁vict ories , ▁in ▁a ▁shoot out ▁win ▁against ▁the ▁Ed mont on ▁O ilers . ▁ ▁Despite ▁this ▁impress ive ▁number ▁of ▁vict ories ▁( at ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁most ▁among ▁active ▁N HL ▁coach es ), ▁Murray ▁never ▁won ▁a ▁Stanley ▁Cup . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁most ▁recent ▁trip ▁to ▁the ▁Final s ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁in ▁ 2 0 |
0 7 , ▁the ▁Sen ators ▁team ▁that ▁he ▁co ached ▁lost ▁in ▁five ▁games ▁to ▁his ▁former ▁club , ▁the ▁Ana heim ▁D uck s . ▁ ▁That ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁season ▁in ▁Murray ' s ▁ 1 7 ▁years ▁as ▁an ▁N HL ▁head ▁coach ▁that ▁his ▁team ▁advanced ▁beyond ▁the ▁second ▁play off ▁round . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁firing ▁of ▁John ▁M uck ler ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Murray ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁Sen ators , ▁while ▁assistant ▁coach ▁John ▁P add ock ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁club ' s ▁head ▁co aching ▁duties . ▁ ▁However , ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁following ▁a ▁ 1 5 – 2 ▁start , ▁which ▁had ▁briefly ▁put ▁the ▁Sen ators ▁in ▁first ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Conference , ▁Murray ▁fired ▁P add ock ▁after ▁the ▁team ▁strugg led ▁through ▁a ▁dis astr ous ▁January ▁and ▁February . ▁ ▁Murray ▁stepped ▁in ▁as ▁inter im ▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 – 0 8 ▁season , ▁finishing ▁with ▁a ▁ 7 – 9 – 2 ▁record , ▁with ▁the ▁team ▁ultimately ▁finishing ▁in ▁sevent h ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Conference . ▁ ▁The ▁Sen ators ▁were ▁swe pt ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁play offs ▁by ▁the ▁Pitts burgh ▁P engu ins . ▁ ▁Craig ▁H arts burg ▁was ▁h ired ▁as ▁the ▁new ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁team |
▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁Sen ators ▁strugg led ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 – 0 9 ▁season , ▁Murray ▁fired ▁H arts burg ▁after ▁a ▁ 7 – 4 ▁loss ▁against ▁the ▁Capit als . ▁ ▁In ▁ 4 8 ▁games ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Sen ators , ▁H arts burg ▁posted ▁a ▁ 1 7 – 2 4 – 7 ▁record . ▁ ▁C ory ▁Cl ou ston , ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁A HL ' s ▁B ingham ton ▁Sen ators , ▁the ▁team ' s ▁top ▁farm ▁club , ▁was ▁h ired ▁as ▁inter im ▁head ▁coach , ▁and ▁Cl ou ston ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁on ▁a ▁two - year ▁contract ▁following ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁that ▁season . ▁ ▁Murray ▁signed ▁a ▁three - year ▁contract ▁extension ▁as ▁general ▁manager ▁on ▁April ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁He ▁fired ▁Cl ou ston ▁and ▁two ▁assistant ▁coach es ▁on ▁April ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁following ▁the ▁Sen ators ' ▁last ▁game ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁The ▁team ▁had ▁been ▁bes et ▁by ▁inj uries ▁to ▁key ▁players ▁such ▁as ▁captain ▁Daniel ▁Alfred sson ▁and ▁star ▁forward ▁Jason ▁Spe zza , ▁leading ▁to ▁a ▁mid - season ▁collapse . ▁ ▁Murray ▁made ▁a ▁fl ur ry ▁of ▁tr ades ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁after ▁the ▁Sen ators ▁had ▁fallen ▁out ▁of ▁cont ention , ▁and ▁promoted |
▁many ▁younger ▁players ▁from ▁the ▁team ' s ▁B ingham ton ▁farm ▁club . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁he ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Ott awa ▁Sports ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Murray , ▁one ▁of ▁ten ▁children ▁born ▁to ▁Clar ence ▁and ▁Rh oda ▁Murray , ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁the ▁small ▁Ott awa ▁Valley ▁town ▁of ▁Shaw ville , ▁Quebec , ▁near ▁Ott awa . ▁ ▁He ▁had ▁two ▁daughters ▁with ▁his ▁wife ▁Ger i , ▁He ide ▁and ▁Brit t any . ▁▁ ▁His ▁younger ▁brother , ▁Terry ▁Murray , ▁was ▁head ▁coach ▁for ▁the ▁Washington ▁Capit als , ▁Philadelphia ▁Fly ers , ▁Florida ▁Pan thers , ▁and ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Kings . ▁ ▁His ▁nep hew , ▁Tim ▁Murray , ▁previously ▁served ▁under ▁him ▁as ▁assistant ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁Sen ators , ▁and ▁later ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁Buff alo ▁Sab res . ▁ ▁Health ▁and ▁death ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁Sen ators ▁website ▁announced ▁Murray ▁was ▁diagn osed ▁with ▁cancer ▁and ▁was ▁under going ▁treatment . ▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Murray ▁announced ▁he ▁had ▁stage ▁ 4 ▁colon ▁cancer , ▁which ▁had ▁spread ▁to ▁his ▁li ver ▁and ▁l ungs . ▁He ▁said ▁" there ▁is ▁no ▁c ure ▁for ▁me ▁at ▁this ▁point " ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁may ▁have ▁had ▁cancer ▁for ▁up ▁to ▁ten ▁years ▁before ▁its ▁detection . ▁ ▁On ▁August |
▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Murray ▁died ▁of ▁colon ▁cancer ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 7 4 , ▁three ▁years ▁after ▁he ▁was ▁diagn osed . ▁ ▁The ▁Sen ators ▁wore ▁a ▁de cal ▁on ▁the ▁side ▁of ▁their ▁hel m ets ▁in ▁his ▁memory ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁season , ▁a ▁red ▁circle , ▁inside ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁his ▁initial s , ▁years ▁of ▁birth ▁and ▁death , ▁and ▁a ▁brief ▁description ▁of ▁him ▁as ▁a ▁" family ▁man , ▁friend , ▁coach , ▁and ▁ment or ." ▁Sen ators ' ▁go alt ender ▁Craig ▁Anderson ▁un ve iled ▁a ▁new ▁mask ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 - 1 9 ▁season ▁which ▁featured ▁Murray ' s ▁li ken ess ▁on ▁the ▁left ▁side ▁with ▁the ▁ca ption ▁" 1 9 4 2 - 2 0 1 7 ". ▁Design ed ▁by ▁Syl vie ▁Mar sol ais , ▁the ▁mask ▁design ▁was ▁Anderson ' s ▁way ▁of ▁thank ing ▁the ▁man ▁who ▁brought ▁him ▁to ▁Ott awa ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁" My ▁career ▁took ▁a ▁turn ▁for ▁the ▁better ▁once ▁I ▁met ▁Bry an ," ▁said ▁Anderson . ▁ ▁Co aching ▁record ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Ott awa ▁Sun ▁profile ▁Ott awa ▁at ▁Home ▁profile ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁death s ▁Category : A na heim ▁D uck s ▁coach es ▁Category : |
A na heim ▁D uck s ▁execut ives ▁Category : Ang lo phone ▁Quebec ▁people ▁Category : B alt imore ▁Sk ip jack s ▁coach es ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁ice ▁hockey ▁coach es ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁cancer ▁in ▁Ontario ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁col ore ct al ▁cancer ▁Category : Det roit ▁Red ▁W ings ▁coach es ▁Category : Det roit ▁Red ▁W ings ▁general ▁man agers ▁Category : F lor ida ▁Pan thers ▁coach es ▁Category : F lor ida ▁Pan thers ▁general ▁man agers ▁Category : H ers he y ▁B ears ▁coach es ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁people ▁from ▁Quebec ▁Category : Jack ▁Adams ▁Award ▁w inners ▁Category : National ▁Hockey ▁League ▁general ▁man agers ▁Category : O tt awa ▁Sen ators ▁coach es ▁Category : O tt awa ▁Sen ators ▁execut ives ▁Category : O tt awa ▁Sen ators ▁general ▁man agers ▁Category : O tt awa ▁Sen ators ▁personnel ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Out a ou ais ▁Category : R egin a ▁P ats ▁coach es ▁Category : W ashington ▁Capit als ▁coach es <0x0A> </s> ▁Rud by ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁civil ▁parish , ▁ 4 ▁miles ▁from ▁the ▁market ▁town ▁of ▁Sto kes ley ▁in ▁the ▁Ham ble ton ▁District ▁of ▁North ▁York shire , ▁England . ▁ ▁Geography ▁It ▁is ▁ad jo ined ▁to ▁another ▁village ▁called ▁H utton ▁Rud by ▁and ▁it ▁lies ▁on ▁the ▁River ▁Le ven . ▁ ▁Govern ance ▁An ▁elect oral |
▁w ard ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁name ▁exists . ▁This ▁w ard ▁st ret ches ▁east ▁to ▁App leton ▁Wis ke ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁population ▁taken ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Census ▁of ▁ 3 , 5 2 1 . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁North ▁York shire ▁Category : C ivil ▁par ishes ▁in ▁North ▁York shire <0x0A> </s> ▁ 5 8 th ▁Brigade ▁or ▁ 5 8 th ▁Infantry ▁Brigade ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁▁ 5 8 th ▁Brigade ▁( Pe ople ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China ) ▁▁ 5 8 th ▁Independent ▁Motor ized ▁Infantry ▁Brigade ▁( U k raine ) ▁of ▁the ▁Ukrain ian ▁Gr ound ▁Forces ▁▁ 5 8 th ▁Indian ▁Brigade ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Indian ▁Army ▁in ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁▁ 5 8 th ▁Div is ional ▁T rench ▁Mort ar ▁Brigade ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁in ▁the ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁▁ 5 8 th ▁Brigade ▁( Un ited ▁Kingdom ) ▁▁ 5 8 th ▁Battle field ▁Sur ve ill ance ▁Brigade ▁( Un ited ▁States ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ 5 8 th ▁Division ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Following ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁sen ators ▁of ▁V au cl use , ▁people ▁who ▁have ▁represented ▁the ▁department ▁of ▁V au cl use ▁in ▁the ▁Senate ▁of ▁France . ▁ ▁Third ▁Republic ▁ ▁Sen ators ▁for ▁V au cl use ▁under ▁the ▁French ▁Third ▁Republic ▁were : ▁▁ ▁Fr éd éric ▁Gran ier ▁( |
1 8 7 6 – 1 8 8 2 ) ▁ ▁El z é ar ▁Pin ▁( 1 8 7 6 – 1 8 8 3 ) ▁ ▁Al phon se ▁Gent ▁( 1 8 8 2 – 1 8 9 4 ) ▁ ▁Alfred ▁Joseph ▁Na quet ▁( 1 8 8 3 – 1 8 9 0 ) ▁ ▁Eug ène ▁Gu ér in ▁( 1 8 9 0 – 1 9 2 0 ) ▁ ▁Georges ▁Ta ul ier ▁( 1 8 9 4 – 1 8 9 9 ) ▁ ▁August e ▁B éra ud ▁( 1 9 0 0 – 1 9 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Ach ille ▁Ma ureau ▁( 1 9 0 5 – 1 9 2 0 ) ▁ ▁Louis ▁Ser re ▁( 1 9 2 0 – 1 9 3 6 ) ▁ ▁Louis ▁T iss ier ▁( 1 9 2 0 – 1 9 3 6 ) ▁ ▁U ly s se ▁Fab re ▁( 1 9 3 6 – 1 9 4 0 ) ▁ ▁Louis ▁Gros ▁( 1 9 3 6 – 1 9 4 0 ) ▁ ▁Four th ▁Republic ▁ ▁Sen ators ▁for ▁V au cl use ▁under ▁the ▁French ▁Four th ▁Republic ▁were : ▁▁ ▁Luci en ▁G range on ▁( 1 9 4 6 – 1 9 4 8 ) ▁ ▁Jean ▁Geoff roy ▁( 1 9 4 8 – 1 9 5 9 ) ▁ ▁Marcel ▁P ell enc ▁( 1 9 4 8 – 1 9 |
5 9 ) ▁ ▁Fif th ▁Republic ▁ ▁Sen ators ▁for ▁V au cl use ▁under ▁the ▁French ▁Fif th ▁Republic : ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁▁ ▁Category : List s ▁of ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Senate ▁( France ) ▁by ▁department <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Copa ▁Col san itas ▁was ▁a ▁women ' s ▁tennis ▁tournament ▁played ▁on ▁out door ▁cl ay ▁courts ▁at ▁the ▁Club ▁Camp estre ▁El ▁Ran cho ▁in ▁Bog ot á , ▁Colombia ▁that ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Tier ▁IV ▁category ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁W TA ▁Tour . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁third ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁tournament ▁and ▁was ▁held ▁from ▁ 7 ▁February ▁through ▁ 1 3 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁Un se eded ▁Pat ric ia ▁W art usch ▁won ▁the ▁singles ▁title ▁and ▁earned ▁$ 2 2 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Final s ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁Pat ric ia ▁W art usch ▁defeated ▁ ▁T ath iana ▁Gar bin ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 6 – 1 , ▁ 6 – 4 ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁W art usch ' s ▁ 1 st ▁singles ▁title ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁and ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁of ▁her ▁career . ▁ ▁Dou bles ▁ ▁Laura ▁Mont al vo ▁/ ▁ ▁Pa ola ▁Su á rez ▁defeated ▁ ▁R ita ▁K uti - K is ▁/ ▁ ▁Pet ra ▁Mand ula ▁ 6 – 4 , ▁ 6 – 2 ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website |
▁▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁▁ ▁I TF ▁tournament ▁edition ▁details ▁ ▁Tournament ▁draw s ▁ ▁Copa ▁Col san itas ▁Category : C op a ▁Col san itas ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁in ▁Colomb ian ▁sport <0x0A> </s> ▁Par tha ▁Pr at im ▁Mit ra , ▁Ph . D . ▁is ▁an ▁Indian - American ▁neu ros cient ist ▁and ▁computer ▁scient ist . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁Cr ick - Cl ay ▁Professor ▁of ▁Bio in format ics ▁at ▁Cold ▁Spring ▁Har bor ▁Labor atory . ▁Mit ra ▁currently ▁holds ▁the ▁H . N . ▁Mah ab ala ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Chair ▁in ▁Comput ational ▁Bra in ▁Research ▁at ▁I IT ▁Mad ras ▁and ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁Senior ▁Vis iting ▁Research er ▁at ▁R IK EN , ▁Tokyo , ▁Japan . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Par tha ▁Mit ra ▁received ▁his ▁Ph D ▁in ▁theoretical ▁physics ▁from ▁Harvard ▁University ▁under ▁the ▁guidance ▁of ▁Ber tr and ▁Hal per in ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁He ▁worked ▁in ▁quant itative ▁neu ros cience ▁and ▁theoretical ▁engineering ▁at ▁Bell ▁Labor ator ies ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 3 - 2 0 0 3 ▁and ▁as ▁an ▁Ass istant ▁Professor ▁in ▁The oret ical ▁Physics ▁at ▁Cal tech ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁Cold ▁Spring ▁Har bor ▁Labor atory ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁Cr ick - Cl ay ▁professor ▁of ▁bi om ath emat ics . ▁Professor ▁Mit ra ▁also ▁holds ▁adj unct ▁positions ▁in ▁the |
▁NY U ▁School ▁of ▁Medicine ▁and ▁We ill ▁Corn ell ▁Medical ▁College . ▁ ▁Research ▁Mit ra ' s ▁research ▁a ims ▁to ▁study ▁the ▁complex ▁bi ological ▁systems ▁from ▁a ▁“ the oret ical ▁engineering ” ▁perspective . ▁He ▁comb ines ▁theoretical , ▁computational ▁and ▁experimental ▁approaches ▁and ▁currently ▁understanding ▁how ▁bra ins ▁work . ▁Professor ▁Mit ra ▁initi ated ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁brain - wide ▁mes osc ale ▁circuit ▁mapping ▁and ▁founded ▁the ▁Bra in ▁Architecture ▁Project ▁in ▁collaboration ▁with ▁R IK EN ▁Bra in ▁Science ▁Institute ▁and ▁Mon ash ▁University . ▁He ▁has ▁published ▁over ▁ 2 4 0 ▁research ▁articles ▁in ▁peer ▁review ed ▁journ als ▁such ▁as ▁Nature , ▁Science , ▁P N AS , ▁P RL ▁and ▁holds ▁eight ▁U . S . ▁pat ents . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁co - author ed ▁a ▁book ▁titled ▁Ob ser ved ▁Bra in ▁Dynam ics ▁published ▁by ▁the ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Phys ical ▁Society ▁Category : Har vard ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Ind ian ▁neu ros cient ists ▁Category : American ▁neu ros cient ists ▁Category : F ellow ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁IE EE <0x0A> </s> ▁True ▁is ▁the ▁third ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁the ▁English ▁new ▁wave ▁band ▁Sp and au ▁Bal let . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 4 ▁March ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁on ▁Ch rys |
alis ▁Records . ▁While ▁Sp and au ▁Bal let ' s ▁first ▁two ▁albums ▁earned ▁them ▁European ▁popular ity , ▁True ▁made ▁them ▁world wide ▁stars ▁and ▁was ▁heavily ▁influenced ▁by ▁jazz , ▁soul ▁and ▁R & B . ▁It ▁reached ▁number ▁ 1 ▁on ▁the ▁UK ▁Albums ▁Chart , ▁the ▁Top ▁ 2 0 ▁on ▁the ▁US ▁Billboard ▁ 2 0 0 , ▁and ▁chart ed ▁in ▁numerous ▁other ▁countries ▁around ▁the ▁world . ▁The ▁title ▁track ▁spent ▁four ▁weeks ▁at ▁number ▁ 1 ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁Singles ▁Chart ▁and ▁went ▁to ▁number ▁ 4 ▁on ▁the ▁US ▁Billboard ▁Hot ▁ 1 0 0 . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁Sp and au ▁Bal let ' s ▁first ▁album ▁to ▁be ▁recorded ▁outside ▁of ▁London ▁( at ▁Com pass ▁Point ▁Studios ▁in ▁the ▁Bah am as ). ▁ ▁Other ▁singles ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁included ▁" G old " ▁( a ▁no . ▁ 2 ▁UK ▁hit ▁and ▁a ▁Top ▁ 3 0 ▁hit ▁in ▁the ▁US ), ▁" L if eline ", ▁" Comm unic ation ", ▁and ▁" P le asure ". ▁Later ▁album ▁releases ▁by ▁the ▁band ▁never ▁equ alled ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁True . ▁ ▁A ▁rem aster ed ▁version ▁of ▁" True " ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 3 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁to ▁comm emor ate ▁its ▁ 2 0 th ▁anni versary . ▁It ▁was ▁re - re leased ▁as ▁a ▁single ▁CD ▁with ▁the ▁original ▁eight ▁tracks ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁music ▁video ▁for ▁" G old |
" ▁and ▁some ▁home ▁video ▁foot age ▁of ▁the ▁band . ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁ 8 - track ▁album ▁was ▁also ▁issued ▁on ▁the ▁high - resol ution ▁super ▁audio ▁CD ▁format ▁as ▁a ▁Hy brid ▁S AC D ▁( in ▁s tere o ▁only ). ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁album ▁was ▁given ▁away ▁free ▁with ▁copies ▁of ▁the ▁Daily ▁Mail ▁newspaper . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁a ▁special ▁edition ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 2 ▁CD s ▁and ▁DVD ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Sp and au ▁Bal let ▁re issues ▁series , ▁featuring ▁rem aster ed ▁ 1 2 " ▁rem ix es ▁and ▁B - s ides , ▁plus ▁a ▁live ▁concert . ▁ ▁Track list ing ▁ ▁Person nel ▁Tony ▁Had ley ▁Gary ▁K emp ▁Martin ▁K emp ▁Steve ▁Norman ▁John ▁K ee ble ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁Album ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁Cert ifications ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 3 ▁albums ▁Category : Sp and au ▁Bal let ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁J ol ley ▁& ▁Sw ain ▁Category : Ch rys alis ▁Records ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁St . ▁Francis ▁X avier ▁College ▁( Col ég io ▁São ▁Francisco ▁X avier ) ▁is ▁a ▁Brazil ian ▁co - ed uc ational ▁school ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁Sub p ref ect ure ▁of ▁I p ir anga ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁the ▁Jes uits ▁in ▁ |
1 9 2 8 ▁and ▁covers ▁kind erg arten ▁through ▁high ▁school . ▁ ▁History ▁and ▁operations ▁Gu ido ▁del ▁Tor o ▁arrived ▁in ▁Brazil ▁from ▁Italy ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁and ▁dedicated ▁himself ▁to ▁the ▁evangel ization ▁of ▁Japanese ▁imm igr ants . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁he ▁founded ▁Japanese ▁Catholic ▁College ▁of ▁St . ▁Francis ▁X avier ▁in ▁a ▁r ented ▁house ▁on ▁Liber ty ▁Street . ▁He ▁received ▁the ▁present ▁property ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁res itu ated ▁the ▁school ▁there , ▁still ▁dedicated ▁to ▁serving ▁the ▁Japanese . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁it ▁grew ▁to ▁being ▁a ▁primary ▁and ▁g ymnasium . ▁With ▁the ▁completion ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁building ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁it ▁became ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁and ▁took ▁the ▁name ▁St . ▁Francis ▁X avier ▁College . ▁ ▁R ectors ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 8 – 1 9 5 0 ▁– ▁Gu ido ▁del ▁Tor o ▁▁ 1 9 5 0 – 1 9 5 9 ▁– ▁Ign ati us ▁Sh ige o ▁T aken chi ▁▁ 1 9 6 1 – 1 9 6 5 ▁– ▁Ang elo ▁Bank i ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 5 – 1 9 7 1 ▁– ▁André ▁Mass ao ▁O z aki ▁▁ 1 9 7 1 – 1 9 7 7 ▁– ▁Fernando ▁Maria ▁Al vare z ▁de ▁Mir anda ▁▁ 1 9 7 7 – 1 9 8 |
3 ▁– ▁José ▁Maria ▁Her rer os ▁Rob les ▁▁ 1 9 8 3 – 1 9 8 4 ▁– ▁Angel ▁López ▁Ab ad ▁▁ 1 9 8 4 – 1 9 8 7 ▁– ▁Paul ▁Ped re ira ▁de ▁Fre itas ▁▁ 1 9 8 7 – 1 9 8 8 ▁– ▁Luis ▁P ec ci ▁▁ 1 9 8 8 – 1 9 9 2 ▁– ▁Roberto ▁Vill ar ▁▁ 1 9 9 2 – 1 9 9 9 ▁– ▁Nelson ▁L op es ▁da ▁Silva ▁▁ 1 9 9 9 – 2 0 0 5 ▁– ▁La ert es ▁J . ▁C arg nel ut ti ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 – 2 0 1 0 ▁– ▁Manuel ▁Mad ru ga ▁Sam anie go ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁– ▁Edu ardo ▁Henri ques ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁– ▁Edu ardo ▁Bel tr am ini ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Brazil ▁Category : Bo ys ' ▁schools ▁in ▁Brazil ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁Category : G ymnas iums ▁( school ) ▁Category : J es uit ▁secondary ▁schools ▁Category : M ixed - sex ▁education ▁Category : C atholic ▁elementary ▁and ▁primary ▁schools ▁Category : C atholic ▁schools ▁in ▁Brazil ▁Category : Private ▁schools ▁in ▁Brazil ▁Category : Sch ools ▁in ▁São ▁Paulo ▁Category : Second ary ▁schools ▁in ▁Brazil <0x0A> </s> ▁Per ico pt us ▁front alis ▁is ▁a ▁sand ▁scar |
ab ▁native ▁to ▁New ▁Zealand ▁which ▁inhab its ▁sand y ▁river ▁banks ▁and ▁sand bars ▁in ▁in land ▁O tag o . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁described ▁by ▁Thomas ▁Br oun ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 4 . ▁The ▁European ▁h edge h og ▁is ▁a ▁pred ator ▁of ▁P . ▁front alis . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Image ▁of ▁P . ▁front alis ▁ ▁Category : D ynast inae ▁Category : Be et les ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : Be et les ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 4 ▁Category : End em ic ▁fa una ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁gros be ak ▁star ling ▁( Sc iss iro str um ▁dub ium ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁gros be ak ▁my na , ▁fin ch - bil led ▁my na , ▁or ▁sc iss or - bil led ▁star ling , ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁star ling ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁St urn idae . ▁It ▁is ▁monot yp ic ▁in ▁the ▁genus ▁Sc iss iro str um . ▁It ▁is ▁en demic ▁to ▁Sul aw esi , ▁Indones ia . ▁ ▁Its ▁natural ▁habitat ▁is ▁tropical ▁low land , ▁and ▁sometimes ▁subt rop ical ▁mont ane , ▁light ly ▁wood ed ▁forest ▁areas ▁and ▁wet lands . ▁ ▁This ▁species ▁n ests ▁in ▁colon ies , ▁which ▁frequently ▁contain ▁hundreds ▁of ▁pairs . ▁Its ▁n ests ▁are ▁b ored ▁in ▁ro tt ing ▁or ▁dying ▁tree ▁tr unks ▁in ▁wood pe cker ▁style . ▁It ▁e ats ▁fruit , |
▁insect s , ▁and ▁gra in . ▁ ▁Gros be ak ▁star lings ▁are ▁highly ▁vocal , ▁at ▁their ▁colon ies ▁and ▁in ▁feed ing ▁f lock s . ▁ ▁The ▁gros be ak ▁star ling ▁was ▁first ▁described ▁by ▁the ▁English ▁orn ith ologist ▁John ▁L ath am ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 1 ▁under ▁the ▁bin omial ▁name ▁Lan ius ▁dub ium . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁gros be ak ▁star ling ▁Category : End em ic ▁birds ▁of ▁Sul aw esi ▁gros be ak ▁star ling ▁Category : T ax onomy ▁articles ▁created ▁by ▁Pol bot <0x0A> </s> ▁De h - e ▁Mir za ▁Ali ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁De h - e ▁M ī rz ā ▁‘ Al ī ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁M ī rz ā ▁‘ Al ī ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁D ust ▁Moh amm ad ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁H irm and ▁County , ▁S istan ▁and ▁Bal uch est an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 1 0 4 , ▁in ▁ 2 6 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁H irm and ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁De ▁La ▁S alle ▁G ael ic ▁football ▁and ▁hur ling ▁club ▁is ▁based ▁in ▁Water ford ▁City , ▁Ireland . ▁The ▁club ▁compet es ▁in ▁G ael ic ▁games ▁compet itions ▁organ ised ▁by ▁Water ford ▁G AA ▁board . ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁has |
▁won ▁the ▁Water ford ▁Senior ▁Hur ling ▁Championship ▁twice ▁and ▁the ▁Water ford ▁Senior ▁Football ▁Championship ▁on ▁ 6 ▁occasions . ▁While ▁having ▁a ▁notable ▁record ▁in ▁g ael ic ▁football , ▁today ▁the ▁club ▁mainly ▁focus es ▁on ▁hur ling . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁takes ▁its ▁name ▁from ▁St . ▁Steph ens ▁De ▁La ▁S alle ▁National ▁School ▁in ▁Patrick ▁Street ▁and ▁previous ▁to ▁the ▁current ▁club ▁being ▁established , ▁field ed ▁a ▁hur ling ▁team ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁St . ▁Steph ens . ▁St . ▁Steph ens ▁won ▁ 2 ▁Senior ▁County ▁Hur ling ▁Championships , ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 1 4 . ▁In ▁recent ▁years ▁the ▁club ▁has ▁concentr ated ▁on ▁developing ▁ju ven ile ▁players ▁and ▁now ▁has ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁biggest ▁under ▁age ▁set ups ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁East ▁of ▁Ireland . ▁The ▁club ▁has ▁produced ▁many ▁Senior ▁Inter ▁County ▁h url ers ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁few ▁years ▁such ▁as ▁John ▁M ull ane , ▁Johnny ▁and ▁Stephen ▁B ren ner , ▁Kevin ▁Mor an , ▁Bry an ▁Ph el an ▁and ▁D erek ▁Mc Gr ath . ▁The ▁club ▁has ▁also ▁won ▁numerous ▁under ▁age ▁County ▁titles ▁in ▁Hur ling ▁and ▁Football ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁All ▁Ireland ▁Fe ile ▁( Under ▁ 1 4 ▁Championships ) ▁in ▁both ▁codes . ▁There ▁were ▁ 5 ▁De ▁La ▁S alle ▁players ▁on ▁the ▁Water ford ▁U - 2 1 ▁team ▁which ▁won ▁the ▁count ies ▁only ▁U - 2 1 ▁All |
- I reland ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁ ▁John ▁Bar ron ▁( 1 9 5 9 ) ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁De ▁La ▁S alle ▁player ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁Senior ▁All - I reland ▁hur ling ▁medal . ▁ ▁Stephen ▁B ren ner , ▁John ▁M ull ane , ▁Bry an ▁Ph el an ▁and ▁Kevin ▁Mor an ▁have ▁won ▁Mun ster ▁Senior ▁Hur ling ▁Championship ▁med als ▁with ▁Water ford ▁and ▁also ▁a ▁National ▁Hur ling ▁League ▁Title . ▁ ▁The ▁late ▁Son ny ▁Wal sh ▁also ▁won ▁a ▁National ▁League ▁medal ▁with ▁Water ford . ▁De ▁La ▁S alle ▁is ▁very ▁much ▁a ▁family ▁club ▁with ▁famous ▁families ▁like ▁the ▁B ren ners , ▁the ▁D alt ons ▁and ▁the ▁D ugg ans ▁part ▁of ▁its ▁core ▁for ▁many ▁years . ▁The ▁club ▁is ▁also ▁very ▁proud ▁of ▁its ▁association ▁with ▁the ▁De ▁La ▁S alle ▁Brothers ▁and ▁we ars ▁the ▁cr est ▁of ▁St . ▁John ▁Bapt ist ▁de ▁la ▁S alle ▁on ▁their ▁j er se ys . ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁was ▁an ▁historic ▁year ▁for ▁the ▁club , ▁moving ▁to ▁their ▁new ▁grounds ▁in ▁G rac ed ieu ▁and ▁winning ▁their ▁first ▁Senior ▁County ▁Hur ling ▁title . ▁The ▁club ▁also ▁won ▁the ▁County ▁Under ▁ 2 1 ▁hur ling ▁championship ▁and ▁the ▁Mun ster ▁Senior ▁Club ▁Hur ling ▁Championship . ▁In ▁December ▁De ▁La ▁S alle ▁were ▁hon oured ▁as ▁club ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁in ▁both ▁Water ford ▁and ▁in ▁Mun ster . |
▁On ▁ 2 1 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁the ▁club ▁made ▁history ▁by ▁being ▁the ▁first ▁club ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁All - I reland ▁Senior ▁Club ▁Hur ling ▁Championship ▁Final ▁at ▁their ▁first ▁attempt ▁when ▁they ▁beat ▁Ru ari ▁Og ▁of ▁C ush end all ▁by ▁ 1 - 2 1 ▁to ▁ 1 - 1 9 ▁( after ▁extra ▁time ) ▁in ▁the ▁All ▁Ireland ▁semi ▁final ▁at ▁Par nell ▁Park ▁in ▁Dublin . ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁they ▁won ▁their ▁second ▁Mun ster ▁Senior ▁Club ▁Hur ling ▁Championship ▁after ▁a ▁ 0 - 9 ▁to ▁ 0 - 8 ▁win ▁against ▁Th ur les ▁S ars fields ▁G AA . ▁ ▁Notable ▁players ▁Kevin ▁Mor an ▁Stephen ▁Daniel s ▁ ▁Edd ie ▁Bar rett ▁J ake ▁D illon ▁John ▁M ull ane ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁Mun ster ▁Senior ▁Club ▁Hur ling ▁Championships : ▁ 2 ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Water ford ▁Senior ▁Hur ling ▁Championships : ▁ 3 ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Water ford ▁Senior ▁Football ▁Championships : ▁ 6 ▁▁ 1 9 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁Water ford ▁Inter mediate ▁Hur ling ▁Championships : ▁( 2 ) ▁▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁ 1 9 |
8 0 ▁Water ford ▁Inter mediate ▁Football ▁Championships : ▁ 1 ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Water ford ▁Junior ▁Hur ling ▁Championships : ▁( 1 ) ▁▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁Water ford ▁Under - 2 1 ▁Hur ling ▁Championships : ▁( 5 ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ ▁Water ford ▁Minor ▁hur ling ▁Championship ▁( 5 ) ▁▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁Water ford ▁Minor ▁Football ▁Championship ▁( 1 2 ) ▁▁ 1 9 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁( as ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ), ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁( as ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ), ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁( as ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ), ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁( as ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ), ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁( as ▁St . ▁Stephen ' s ), ▁ 1 9 5 3 , ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁All ▁Stars ▁ ▁John ▁M ull ane ▁- ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 |
0 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁Kevin ▁Mor an ▁- ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : G ael ic ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁clubs ▁in ▁County ▁Water ford ▁Category : H ur ling ▁clubs ▁in ▁County ▁Water ford ▁Category : G ael ic ▁football ▁clubs ▁in ▁County ▁Water ford <0x0A> </s> ▁Frederick ▁William ▁C app elen ▁( Oct ober ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 8 5 7 ▁– ▁October ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 2 1 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Norwegian - born ▁architect ▁and ▁civil ▁engineer ▁who ▁held ▁the ▁office ▁of ▁Min ne apolis ▁City ▁Engine er . ▁ ▁Frederick ▁William ▁C app elen ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁D ram men , ▁Norway . ▁He ▁attended ▁school ▁in ▁Fred rik stad ▁in ▁ Ø st fold ▁county , ▁Norway . ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁Techn ical ▁School ▁in ▁Ö re bro , ▁Sweden ▁and ▁then ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Sax on ▁Poly techn icum ▁( now ▁Dresden ▁University ▁of ▁Technology ) ▁in ▁Dresden , ▁Germany ▁before ▁em igr ating ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 0 . ▁ ▁C app elen ▁was ▁initially ▁employed ▁by ▁the ▁Northern ▁Pacific ▁Rail road ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁became ▁a ▁City ▁of ▁Min ne apolis ▁bridge ▁engineer . ▁He ▁was ▁elected ▁City ▁Engine er ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁and ▁re - elect ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁He ▁held ▁membership ▁in ▁the ▁American |
▁Society ▁of ▁Municipal ▁Im prov ements ▁and ▁the ▁Min ne apolis ▁Society ▁of ▁Engine ers . ▁He ▁was ▁elected ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Society ▁of ▁Civil ▁Engine ers ▁on ▁April ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 8 9 5 . ▁ ▁C app elen ▁was ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁design ▁of ▁many ▁public ▁works ▁buildings ▁in ▁Min ne apolis , ▁for ▁example ▁the ▁Pro spect ▁Park ▁Water ▁Tower , ▁the ▁Ken wood ▁Park ▁Water ▁Tower , ▁and ▁the ▁C app elen ▁Memorial ▁Bridge , ▁which ▁is ▁named ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁him . ▁ ▁Frederick ▁William ▁C app elen ▁died ▁during ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁bridge ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 2 1 , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁mem orial ▁to ▁his ▁life ▁and ▁career , ▁the ▁bridge ▁still ▁be ars ▁his ▁name . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 5 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 2 1 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁D ram men ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : American ▁civil ▁engine ers ▁Fr der ick ▁William ▁Category : Arch itect s ▁from ▁Min ne apolis ▁Category : D res den ▁University ▁of ▁Technology ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Five ▁ships ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁have ▁been ▁named ▁HMS ▁Mar iner : ▁▁ ▁The ▁first ▁, ▁launched ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 1 , ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 2 - gun ▁brig , ▁sold ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁, |
▁launched ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 6 , ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 6 - gun ▁brig , ▁sold ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁third ▁Mar iner , ▁launched ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 4 ▁as ▁ ▁was ▁a ▁ 2 6 - gun ▁sixth - rate , ▁renamed ▁Mar iner ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 8 , ▁and ▁renamed ▁At al anta ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 8 . ▁She ▁found ered ▁in ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁fourth ▁, ▁launched ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 4 , ▁was ▁a ▁ ▁composite ▁sc rew ▁s loop , ▁sold ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁fifth ▁, ▁launched ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁was ▁an ▁. ▁She ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁Bur m ese ▁Navy ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁and ▁renamed ▁Yan ▁My o ▁A ung . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Ro yal ▁Navy ▁ship ▁names <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁G E H ▁Stat istic ▁is ▁a ▁formula ▁used ▁in ▁traffic ▁engineering , ▁traffic ▁forec ast ing , ▁and ▁traffic ▁mod elling ▁to ▁compare ▁two ▁sets ▁of ▁traffic ▁volumes . ▁ ▁The ▁G E H ▁formula ▁gets ▁its ▁name ▁from ▁Geoff rey ▁E . ▁Ha vers , ▁who ▁invent ed ▁it ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁while ▁working ▁as ▁a ▁transport ▁pl anner ▁in ▁London , ▁England . ▁ ▁Although ▁its ▁mathematical ▁form ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁a ▁chi - squ ared ▁test , ▁is |
▁not ▁a ▁true ▁statistical ▁test . ▁ ▁R ather , ▁it ▁is ▁an ▁empir ical ▁formula ▁that ▁has ▁proven ▁useful ▁for ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁traffic ▁analysis ▁purposes . ▁ ▁The ▁formula ▁for ▁the ▁" GE H ▁Stat istic " ▁is : ▁ ▁Where ▁M ▁is ▁the ▁hour ly ▁traffic ▁volume ▁from ▁the ▁traffic ▁model ▁( or ▁new ▁count ) ▁and ▁C ▁is ▁the ▁real - world ▁hour ly ▁traffic ▁count ▁( or ▁the ▁old ▁count ) ▁ ▁Using ▁the ▁G E H ▁Stat istic ▁avoid s ▁some ▁pit falls ▁that ▁occur ▁when ▁using ▁simple ▁percent ages ▁to ▁compare ▁two ▁sets ▁of ▁volumes . ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁because ▁the ▁traffic ▁volumes ▁in ▁real - world ▁transport ation ▁systems ▁vary ▁over ▁a ▁wide ▁range . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁main line ▁of ▁a ▁fre ew ay / mot or way ▁might ▁carry ▁ 5 0 0 0 ▁vehicles ▁per ▁hour , ▁while ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁on - ram ps ▁leading ▁to ▁the ▁fre ew ay ▁might ▁carry ▁only ▁ 5 0 ▁vehicles ▁per ▁hour ▁( in ▁that ▁situation ▁it ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁possible ▁to ▁select ▁a ▁single ▁percentage ▁of ▁variation ▁that ▁is ▁acceptable ▁for ▁both ▁volumes ). ▁ ▁The ▁G E H ▁stat istic ▁reduces ▁this ▁problem ; ▁because ▁the ▁G E H ▁stat istic ▁is ▁non - linear , ▁a ▁single ▁accept ance ▁threshold ▁based ▁on ▁G E H ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁over ▁a ▁fairly ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁traffic ▁volumes . ▁ ▁The ▁use ▁of ▁G E H ▁as ▁an ▁accept ance ▁criter ion |
▁for ▁travel ▁demand ▁forec ast ing ▁models ▁is ▁recogn ised ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁High ways ▁Agency ' s ▁Design ▁Man ual ▁for ▁Ro ads ▁and ▁Br id ges ▁ ▁the ▁Wisconsin ▁mic ros im ulation ▁model ing ▁gu idel ines , ▁the ▁Transport ▁for ▁London ▁Tra ffic ▁Mod elling ▁Gu idel ines ▁ ▁and ▁other ▁references . ▁ ▁For ▁traffic ▁mod elling ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁" bas eline " ▁scenario , ▁a ▁G E H ▁of ▁less ▁than ▁ 5 . 0 ▁is ▁considered ▁a ▁good ▁match ▁between ▁the ▁model led ▁and ▁observed ▁hour ly ▁volumes ▁( flow s ▁of ▁longer ▁or ▁shorter ▁dur ations ▁should ▁be ▁converted ▁to ▁hour ly ▁equival ents ▁to ▁use ▁these ▁th resh olds ). ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁D MR B , ▁ 8 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁volumes ▁in ▁a ▁traffic ▁model ▁should ▁have ▁a ▁G E H ▁less ▁than ▁ 5 . 0 . ▁ ▁G E H s ▁in ▁the ▁range ▁of ▁ 5 . 0 ▁to ▁ 1 0 . 0 ▁may ▁war rant ▁investigation . ▁ ▁If ▁the ▁G E H ▁is ▁greater ▁than ▁ 1 0 . 0 , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁high ▁probability ▁that ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁problem ▁with ▁either ▁the ▁travel ▁demand ▁model ▁or ▁the ▁data ▁( this ▁could ▁be ▁something ▁as ▁simple ▁as ▁a ▁data ▁entry ▁error , ▁or ▁as ▁complicated ▁as ▁a ▁serious ▁model ▁cal ibration ▁problem ). ▁ ▁App lications ▁The ▁G E H ▁formula ▁is ▁useful ▁in ▁situations ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁following : ▁▁▁ ▁Compar ing |
▁a ▁set ▁of ▁traffic ▁volumes ▁from ▁manual ▁traffic ▁counts ▁with ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁volumes ▁done ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁locations ▁using ▁autom ation ▁( e . g . ▁a ▁p neum atic ▁t ube ▁traffic ▁counter ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁check ▁the ▁total ▁entering ▁volumes ▁at ▁an ▁intersection ▁to ▁aff irm ▁the ▁work ▁done ▁by ▁techn icians ▁doing ▁a ▁manual ▁count ▁of ▁the ▁turn ▁volumes ). ▁▁ ▁Compar ing ▁the ▁traffic ▁volumes ▁obtained ▁from ▁this ▁year ' s ▁traffic ▁counts ▁with ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁counts ▁done ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁locations ▁in ▁a ▁previous ▁year . ▁▁ ▁Compar ing ▁the ▁traffic ▁volumes ▁obtained ▁from ▁a ▁travel ▁demand ▁forec ast ing ▁model ▁( for ▁the ▁" base ▁year " ▁scenario ) ▁with ▁the ▁real - world ▁traffic ▁volumes . ▁▁ ▁Ad just ing ▁traffic ▁volume ▁data ▁collected ▁at ▁different ▁times ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁mathemat ically ▁consistent ▁data ▁set ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁as ▁input ▁for ▁travel ▁demand ▁forec ast ing ▁models ▁or ▁traffic ▁simulation ▁models ▁( as ▁discussed ▁in ▁N CH R P ▁ 7 6 5 ). ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Mic ros im ulation ▁Tra ffic ▁counter ▁Tra ffic ▁flow ▁Tra ffic ▁engineering ▁( transport ation ) ▁Transport ation ▁planning ▁T rip ▁generation ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁UK ▁High ways ▁Agency ' s ▁Design ▁Man ual ▁for ▁Ro ads ▁& ▁Br id ges ▁( D MR B ) ▁ ▁Wisconsin ▁Mic ros im ulation ▁Model ing ▁Gu idel ines ▁ ▁Transport ▁for ▁London ▁Tra ffic ▁Mod elling ▁Gu idel ines ▁ ▁National ▁Cooper ative ▁Highway |
▁Research ▁Program ▁Report ▁ 7 6 5 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Transport ation ▁engineering ▁Category : Transport ation ▁planning <0x0A> </s> ▁E bl igen ▁is ▁a ▁Swiss ▁railway ▁station ▁near ▁the ▁settlement ▁of ▁E bl igen ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁Ober ried ▁am ▁B rien zer see ▁and ▁the ▁canton ▁of ▁Bern . ▁E bl igen ▁is ▁a ▁stop ▁on ▁the ▁Br ün ig ▁line , ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁Zent ral bahn , ▁that ▁oper ates ▁between ▁Inter la ken ▁and ▁Luc erne . ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁is ▁a ▁request ▁stop ▁served ▁by ▁the ▁following ▁passenger ▁trains : ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁the ▁canton ▁of ▁Bern ▁Category : O ber ried ▁am ▁B rien zer see <0x0A> </s> ▁D erm at oph yt osis , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁ring w orm , ▁is ▁a ▁fung al ▁in fection ▁of ▁the ▁skin . ▁Typ ically ▁it ▁results ▁in ▁a ▁red , ▁it chy , ▁scal y , ▁circular ▁r ash . ▁H air ▁loss ▁may ▁occur ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁affected . ▁Sym pt oms ▁begin ▁four ▁to ▁four teen ▁days ▁after ▁expos ure . ▁Multiple ▁areas ▁can ▁be ▁affected ▁at ▁a ▁given ▁time . ▁ ▁About ▁ 4 0 ▁types ▁of ▁fung i ▁can ▁cause ▁ring w orm . ▁They ▁are ▁typically ▁of ▁the ▁Tr ich oph y ton , ▁Micro sp orum , ▁or ▁E pid erm oph y ton ▁type . ▁R isk ▁factors ▁include ▁using ▁public ▁show ers , ▁contact ▁sports ▁such ▁as ▁wrest |
ling , ▁excess ive ▁swe ating , ▁contact ▁with ▁animals , ▁ob es ity , ▁and ▁poor ▁imm une ▁function . ▁Ring w orm ▁can ▁spread ▁from ▁other ▁animals ▁or ▁between ▁people . ▁Di agn osis ▁is ▁often ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁appearance ▁and ▁sympt oms . ▁It ▁may ▁be ▁confirmed ▁by ▁either ▁cult uring ▁or ▁looking ▁at ▁a ▁skin ▁sc rap ing ▁under ▁a ▁mic ros cope . ▁ ▁Pre vention ▁is ▁by ▁keeping ▁the ▁skin ▁dry , ▁not ▁walking ▁bare foot ▁in ▁public , ▁and ▁not ▁sharing ▁personal ▁items . ▁Tre at ment ▁is ▁typically ▁with ▁ant if ung al ▁cre ams ▁such ▁as ▁cl ot rim az ole ▁or ▁m icon az ole . ▁If ▁the ▁scal p ▁is ▁involved , ▁ant if ung als ▁by ▁mouth ▁such ▁as ▁flu con az ole ▁may ▁be ▁needed . ▁ ▁G lob ally , ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁may ▁be ▁inf ected ▁by ▁ring w orm ▁at ▁any ▁given ▁time . ▁In fe ctions ▁of ▁the ▁gro in ▁are ▁more ▁common ▁in ▁males , ▁while ▁in fe ctions ▁of ▁the ▁scal p ▁and ▁body ▁occur ▁equally ▁in ▁both ▁sex es . ▁In fe ctions ▁of ▁the ▁scal p ▁are ▁most ▁common ▁in ▁children ▁while ▁in fe ctions ▁of ▁the ▁gro in ▁are ▁most ▁common ▁in ▁the ▁elder ly . ▁Descri ptions ▁of ▁ring w orm ▁date ▁back ▁to ▁ancient ▁history . ▁ ▁Sign s ▁and ▁sympt oms ▁ ▁In fe ctions ▁on ▁the ▁body ▁may ▁give ▁rise ▁to |
▁typical ▁en larg ing ▁raised ▁red ▁rings ▁of ▁ring w orm . ▁In fection ▁on ▁the ▁skin ▁of ▁the ▁feet ▁may ▁cause ▁ath lete ' s ▁foot ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁gro in , ▁j ock ▁it ch . ▁In vol vement ▁of ▁the ▁n ails ▁is ▁term ed ▁on ych omy cos is , ▁and ▁they ▁may ▁thick en , ▁dis col our , ▁and ▁finally ▁cr umble ▁and ▁fall ▁off . ▁They ▁are ▁common ▁in ▁most ▁adult ▁people , ▁with ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁having ▁one ▁of ▁these ▁in fe ctions ▁at ▁any ▁given ▁moment . ▁ ▁Anim als ▁such ▁as ▁dogs ▁and ▁c ats ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁affected ▁by ▁ring w orm , ▁and ▁the ▁disease ▁can ▁be ▁transm itted ▁between ▁animals ▁and ▁humans , ▁making ▁it ▁a ▁z oon otic ▁disease . ▁ ▁Specific ▁signs ▁can ▁be : ▁red , ▁scal y , ▁it chy ▁or ▁raised ▁patch es ▁patch es ▁may ▁be ▁red der ▁on ▁outside ▁edges ▁or ▁res emble ▁a ▁ring ▁patch es ▁that ▁begin ▁to ▁o o ze ▁or ▁develop ▁a ▁bl ister ▁bald ▁patch es ▁may ▁develop ▁when ▁the ▁scal p ▁is ▁affected ▁n ails ▁may ▁thick en , ▁dis col our ▁or ▁begin ▁to ▁crack ▁ ▁C aus es ▁ ▁F ung i ▁th rive ▁in ▁mo ist , ▁warm ▁areas , ▁such ▁as ▁lo cker ▁rooms , ▁t anning ▁b eds , ▁sw imming ▁po ols , ▁and ▁skin ▁fol ds ; ▁accordingly , ▁those ▁that ▁cause ▁der mat |
oph yt osis ▁may ▁be ▁spread ▁by ▁using ▁exercise ▁machines ▁that ▁have ▁not ▁been ▁dis in fect ed ▁after ▁use , ▁or ▁by ▁sharing ▁to w els , ▁cl othing , ▁foot we ar , ▁or ▁hair br ush es . ▁ ▁Di agn osis ▁ ▁Classification ▁▁ ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁different ▁species ▁of ▁fung i ▁are ▁involved ▁in ▁der mat oph yt osis . ▁D erm at oph y tes ▁of ▁the ▁gener a ▁Tr ich oph y ton ▁and ▁Micro sp orum ▁are ▁the ▁most ▁common ▁caus ative ▁agents . ▁These ▁fung i ▁attack ▁various ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁body ▁and ▁lead ▁to ▁the ▁conditions ▁listed ▁below . ▁The ▁Latin ▁names ▁are ▁for ▁the ▁conditions ▁( d ise ase ▁patterns ), ▁not ▁the ▁agents ▁that ▁cause ▁them . ▁The ▁disease ▁patterns ▁below ▁identify ▁the ▁type ▁of ▁fung us ▁that ▁causes ▁them ▁only ▁in ▁the ▁cases ▁listed : ▁▁ ▁D erm at oph yt osis ▁ ▁T inea ▁ped is ▁( ath lete ' s ▁foot ): ▁fung al ▁in fection ▁of ▁the ▁feet ▁▁ ▁T inea ▁un gui um : ▁fung al ▁in fection ▁of ▁the ▁f ing ern ails ▁and ▁toen ails , ▁and ▁the ▁n ail ▁bed ▁▁ ▁T inea ▁corpor is : ▁fung al ▁in fection ▁of ▁the ▁arms , ▁legs , ▁and ▁tr unk ▁ ▁T inea ▁cr ur is ▁( j ock ▁it ch ): ▁fung al ▁in fection ▁of ▁the ▁gro in ▁area ▁ ▁T inea ▁man u um : ▁fung al ▁in fection ▁of ▁the |
▁hands ▁and ▁pal m ▁area ▁ ▁T inea ▁capit is : ▁fung al ▁in fection ▁of ▁the ▁scal p ▁and ▁hair ▁ ▁T inea ▁fac iei ▁( face ▁fung us ): ▁fung al ▁in fection ▁of ▁the ▁face ▁ ▁T inea ▁bar ba e : ▁fung al ▁inf est ation ▁of ▁fa cial ▁hair ▁▁ ▁Other ▁super f icial ▁my cos es ▁( not ▁classic ▁ring w orm , ▁since ▁not ▁caused ▁by ▁der mat oph y tes ) ▁ ▁T inea ▁vers icol or : ▁caused ▁by ▁Mal asse zia ▁fur fur ▁ ▁T inea ▁n ig ra : ▁caused ▁by ▁H ort ae a ▁wer ne ck ii ▁ ▁Pre vention ▁ ▁Ad vice ▁often ▁given ▁includes : ▁ ▁A void ▁sharing ▁cl othing , ▁sports ▁equipment , ▁to w els , ▁or ▁sheets . ▁ ▁W ash ▁clothes ▁in ▁hot ▁water ▁with ▁fung ic idal ▁soap ▁after ▁sus pected ▁expos ure ▁to ▁ring w orm . ▁ ▁A void ▁walking ▁bare foot ; ▁instead ▁wear ▁appropriate ▁protect ive ▁sho es ▁in ▁lo cker ▁rooms ▁and ▁sand als ▁at ▁the ▁beach . ▁ ▁A void ▁touch ing ▁p ets ▁with ▁bald ▁sp ots , ▁as ▁they ▁are ▁often ▁carri ers ▁of ▁the ▁fung us . ▁ ▁V acc ination ▁▁ ▁no ▁approved ▁human ▁v acc ine ▁exist ▁against ▁D erm at oph yt osis . ▁For ▁horses , ▁dogs ▁and ▁c ats ▁there ▁is ▁available ▁an ▁approved ▁in activ ated ▁v acc ine ▁called ▁In sol ▁D erm at oph y |
ton ▁( B oe hr inger ▁In gel heim ) ▁which ▁provides ▁time - limited ▁protection ▁against ▁several ▁tr ich oph y ton ▁and ▁micro sp orum ▁fung al ▁stra ins . ▁With ▁cattle , ▁system ic ▁v acc ination ▁has ▁achieved ▁effective ▁control ▁of ▁ring w orm . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁a ▁Russian ▁live ▁v acc ine ▁( L FT ▁ 1 3 0 ) ▁and ▁later ▁on ▁a ▁Czech oslov ak ian ▁live ▁v acc ine ▁against ▁b ov ine ▁ring w orm ▁has ▁been ▁used . ▁In ▁Sc and in av ian ▁countries ▁v acc ination ▁program mes ▁against ▁ring w orm ▁are ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁prevent ive ▁measure ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁hide ▁quality . ▁In ▁Russia , ▁fur - b ear ing ▁animals ▁( sil ver ▁fo x , ▁fo xes , ▁polar ▁fo xes ) ▁and ▁rabb its ▁have ▁also ▁been ▁treated ▁with ▁v acc ines . ▁ ▁Tre at ment ▁ ▁Ant if ung al ▁treat ments ▁include ▁top ical ▁agents ▁such ▁as ▁m icon az ole , ▁ter b ina f ine , ▁cl ot rim az ole , ▁k eto con az ole , ▁or ▁to l na ft ate ▁applied ▁twice ▁daily ▁until ▁sympt oms ▁resolve — ▁usually ▁within ▁one ▁or ▁two ▁weeks . ▁Top ical ▁treat ments ▁should ▁then ▁be ▁continued ▁for ▁a ▁further ▁ 7 ▁days ▁after ▁resolution ▁of ▁visible ▁sympt oms ▁to ▁prevent ▁rec urrence . ▁The ▁total ▁duration ▁of ▁treatment ▁is ▁therefore ▁generally ▁two ▁weeks , |
▁but ▁may ▁be ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁three . ▁ ▁In ▁more ▁severe ▁cases ▁or ▁scal p ▁ring w orm , ▁system ic ▁treatment ▁with ▁or al ▁medic ations ▁may ▁be ▁given . ▁ ▁To ▁prevent ▁spread ing ▁the ▁in fection , ▁les ions ▁should ▁not ▁be ▁touched , ▁and ▁good ▁h yg iene ▁maintained ▁with ▁was hing ▁of ▁hands ▁and ▁the ▁body . ▁ ▁Mis di agn osis ▁and ▁treatment ▁of ▁ring w orm ▁with ▁a ▁top ical ▁ster oid , ▁a ▁standard ▁treatment ▁of ▁the ▁super f icial ly ▁similar ▁pity rias is ▁rose a , ▁can ▁result ▁in ▁t inea ▁inc ogn ito , ▁a ▁condition ▁where ▁ring w orm ▁fung us ▁grows ▁without ▁typical ▁features , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁distinct ive ▁raised ▁border . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁D erm at oph yt osis ▁has ▁been ▁pre val ent ▁since ▁before ▁ 1 9 0 6 , ▁at ▁which ▁time ▁ring w orm ▁was ▁treated ▁with ▁comp ounds ▁of ▁mer cur y ▁or ▁sometimes ▁sul fur ▁or ▁i od ine . ▁H air y ▁areas ▁of ▁skin ▁were ▁considered ▁too ▁difficult ▁to ▁treat , ▁so ▁the ▁scal p ▁was ▁treated ▁with ▁X - ray s ▁and ▁followed ▁up ▁with ▁ant if ung al ▁medic ation . ▁Another ▁treatment ▁from ▁around ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁was ▁application ▁of ▁Ar ar oba ▁pow der . ▁ ▁Term in ology ▁The ▁most ▁common ▁term ▁for ▁the ▁in fection , ▁" ring w orm ", ▁is ▁a ▁mis nom er , ▁since ▁the ▁condition ▁is ▁caused |
▁by ▁fung i ▁of ▁several ▁different ▁species ▁and ▁not ▁by ▁par as it ic ▁w orm s . ▁ ▁Other ▁animals ▁ ▁Ring w orm ▁caused ▁by ▁Tr ich oph y ton ▁ver ru cos um ▁is ▁a ▁frequent ▁clin ical ▁condition ▁in ▁cattle . ▁Young ▁animals ▁are ▁more ▁frequently ▁affected . ▁The ▁les ions ▁are ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁head , ▁neck , ▁tail , ▁and ▁per ine um . ▁ ▁The ▁typical ▁les ion ▁is ▁a ▁round , ▁wh it ish ▁cr ust . ▁Multiple ▁les ions ▁may ▁co ales ce ▁in ▁" map - like " ▁appearance . ▁ ▁C lin ical ▁der mat oph yt osis ▁is ▁also ▁diagn osed ▁in ▁sheep , ▁dogs , ▁c ats , ▁and ▁horses . ▁C aus ative ▁agents , ▁besides ▁Tr ich oph y ton ▁ver ru cos um , ▁are ▁T . ▁ment ag ro phy tes , ▁T . ▁equ in um , ▁Micro sp orum ▁g yp se um , ▁M . ▁can is , ▁and ▁M . ▁nan um . ▁ ▁D erm at oph yt osis ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁present ▁in ▁the ▁hol ot ype ▁of ▁the ▁C ret ace ous ▁e ut ric on od ont ▁m amm al ▁Sp in ol est es , ▁suggesting ▁a ▁Mes oz o ic ▁origin ▁for ▁this ▁disease . ▁ ▁Di agn osis ▁ ▁Ring w orm ▁in ▁p ets ▁may ▁often ▁be ▁asympt om atic , ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁car rier ▁condition ▁which ▁inf ect s ▁other ▁p ets |
. ▁In ▁some ▁cases , ▁the ▁disease ▁only ▁appears ▁when ▁the ▁animal ▁develop s ▁an ▁imm un ode fic iency ▁condition . ▁Circ ular ▁bare ▁patch es ▁on ▁the ▁skin ▁suggest ▁the ▁diagn osis , ▁but ▁no ▁les ion ▁is ▁truly ▁specific ▁to ▁the ▁fung us . ▁Similar ▁patch es ▁may ▁result ▁from ▁all erg ies , ▁sar co ptic ▁man ge , ▁and ▁other ▁conditions . ▁Three ▁species ▁of ▁fung i ▁cause ▁ 9 5 % ▁of ▁der mat oph yt osis ▁in ▁p ets : ▁these ▁are ▁Micro sp orum ▁can is , ▁Micro sp orum ▁g yp se um , ▁and ▁Tr ich oph y ton ▁ment ag ro phy tes . ▁ ▁V eter in ari ans ▁have ▁several ▁tests ▁to ▁identify ▁ring w orm ▁in fection ▁and ▁identify ▁the ▁fung al ▁species ▁that ▁cause ▁it : ▁ ▁Wood s ▁test : ▁This ▁is ▁an ▁ult rav io let ▁light ▁with ▁a ▁magn ifying ▁l ens . ▁Only ▁ 5 0 % ▁of ▁M . ▁can is ▁will ▁show ▁up ▁as ▁an ▁apple - green ▁flu ores c ence ▁on ▁hair ▁sh aft s , ▁under ▁the ▁U V ▁light . ▁The ▁other ▁fung i ▁do ▁not ▁show . ▁The ▁flu ores cent ▁material ▁is ▁not ▁the ▁fung us ▁itself ▁( which ▁does ▁not ▁flu ores ce ), ▁but ▁rather ▁an ▁ex cret ory ▁product ▁of ▁the ▁fung us ▁which ▁st icks ▁to ▁hair s . ▁In fect ed ▁skin ▁does ▁not ▁flu ores ce . ▁ ▁Micro scop |
ic ▁test : ▁The ▁veter in arian ▁takes ▁hair s ▁from ▁around ▁the ▁inf ected ▁area ▁and ▁places ▁them ▁in ▁a ▁st aining ▁solution ▁to ▁view ▁under ▁the ▁mic ros cope . ▁F ung al ▁sp ores ▁may ▁be ▁viewed ▁directly ▁on ▁hair ▁sh aft s . ▁This ▁technique ▁ident ifies ▁a ▁fung al ▁in fection ▁in ▁about ▁ 4 0 % – 7 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁in fe ctions , ▁but ▁cannot ▁identify ▁the ▁species ▁of ▁der mat oph y te . ▁ ▁Culture ▁test : ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁effective , ▁but ▁also ▁the ▁most ▁time - consum ing , ▁way ▁to ▁determine ▁if ▁ring w orm ▁is ▁on ▁a ▁pet . ▁In ▁this ▁test , ▁the ▁veter in arian ▁collect s ▁hair s ▁from ▁the ▁pet , ▁or ▁else ▁collect s ▁fung al ▁sp ores ▁from ▁the ▁pet ' s ▁hair ▁with ▁a ▁to oth br ush , ▁or ▁other ▁instrument , ▁and ▁in oc ul ates ▁fung al ▁media ▁for ▁culture . ▁These ▁cult ures ▁can ▁be ▁br ushed ▁with ▁transparent ▁t ape ▁and ▁then ▁read ▁by ▁the ▁veter in arian ▁using ▁a ▁mic ros cope , ▁or ▁can ▁be ▁sent ▁to ▁a ▁path ological ▁lab . ▁The ▁three ▁common ▁types ▁of ▁fung i ▁which ▁commonly ▁cause ▁pet ▁ring w orm ▁can ▁be ▁identified ▁by ▁their ▁characteristic ▁sp ores . ▁These ▁are ▁different - app ear ing ▁macro con idia ▁in ▁the ▁two ▁common ▁species ▁of ▁Micro sp ora , ▁and ▁typical ▁micro con idia ▁in ▁Tr ich |
oph y ton ▁in fe ctions . ▁ ▁Ident ifying ▁the ▁species ▁of ▁fung i ▁involved ▁in ▁pet ▁in fe ctions ▁can ▁be ▁helpful ▁in ▁cont rolling ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁in fection . ▁M . ▁can is , ▁despite ▁its ▁name , ▁occurs ▁more ▁commonly ▁in ▁domestic ▁c ats , ▁and ▁ 9 8 % ▁of ▁cat ▁in fe ctions ▁are ▁with ▁this ▁organ ism . ▁It ▁can ▁also ▁inf ect ▁dogs ▁and ▁humans , ▁however . ▁T . ▁ment ag ro phy tes ▁has ▁a ▁major ▁res er voir ▁in ▁rod ents , ▁but ▁can ▁also ▁inf ect ▁pet ▁rabb its , ▁dogs , ▁and ▁horses . ▁M . ▁g yp se um ▁is ▁a ▁soil ▁organ ism ▁and ▁is ▁often ▁contract ed ▁from ▁gard ens ▁and ▁other ▁such ▁places . ▁Besides ▁humans , ▁it ▁may ▁inf ect ▁rod ents , ▁dogs , ▁c ats , ▁horses , ▁cattle , ▁and ▁sw ine . ▁ ▁Tre at ment ▁ ▁Pet ▁animals ▁ ▁Tre at ment ▁requires ▁both ▁system ic ▁or al ▁treatment ▁with ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁dru gs ▁used ▁in ▁humans — ter b ina f ine , ▁flu con az ole , ▁or ▁it ra con az ole — as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁top ical ▁" d ip " ▁ther apy . ▁ ▁Because ▁of ▁the ▁usually ▁longer ▁hair ▁sh aft s ▁in ▁p ets ▁compared ▁to ▁those ▁of ▁humans , ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁in fection ▁and ▁possibly ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁longer ▁hair ▁of ▁the ▁pet ▁must ▁be ▁cli pped |
▁to ▁decrease ▁the ▁load ▁of ▁fung al ▁sp ores ▁cl ing ing ▁to ▁the ▁pet ' s ▁hair ▁sh aft s . ▁However , ▁close ▁sh aving ▁is ▁usually ▁not ▁done ▁because ▁nick ing ▁the ▁skin ▁facil it ates ▁further ▁skin ▁in fection . ▁ ▁Tw ice - week ly ▁bath ing ▁of ▁the ▁pet ▁with ▁dil uted ▁l ime ▁sul fur ▁dip ▁solution ▁is ▁effective ▁in ▁er adic ating ▁fung al ▁sp ores . ▁This ▁must ▁continue ▁for ▁ 3 ▁to ▁ 8 ▁weeks . ▁ ▁W ash ing ▁of ▁household ▁hard ▁surfaces ▁with ▁ 1 : 1 0 ▁household ▁sod ium ▁hy po ch lor ite ▁ble ach ▁solution ▁is ▁effective ▁in ▁killing ▁sp ores , ▁but ▁it ▁is ▁too ▁ir rit ating ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁directly ▁on ▁hair ▁and ▁skin . ▁ ▁Pet ▁hair ▁must ▁be ▁rig or ously ▁removed ▁from ▁all ▁household ▁surfaces , ▁and ▁then ▁the ▁vac u um ▁cleaner ▁bag , ▁and ▁perhaps ▁even ▁the ▁vac u um ▁cleaner ▁itself , ▁disc arded ▁when ▁this ▁has ▁been ▁done ▁repeatedly . ▁Rem oval ▁of ▁all ▁hair ▁is ▁important , ▁since ▁sp ores ▁may ▁surv ive ▁ 1 2 ▁months ▁or ▁even ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁two ▁years ▁on ▁hair ▁cl ing ing ▁to ▁surfaces . ▁ ▁C attle ▁ ▁In ▁b ov ines , ▁an ▁inf est ation ▁is ▁difficult ▁to ▁c ure , ▁as ▁system ic ▁treatment ▁is ▁une conom ical . ▁Local ▁treatment ▁with ▁i od ine ▁comp ounds ▁is ▁time - consum ing , ▁as ▁it |
▁needs ▁sc rap ing ▁of ▁cr ust y ▁les ions . ▁Moreover , ▁it ▁must ▁be ▁carefully ▁conducted ▁using ▁glo ves , ▁l est ▁the ▁worker ▁become ▁inf ested . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁My c obi ota ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁T inea ▁photo ▁library ▁at ▁D erm net ▁ ▁Category : An imal ▁fung al ▁dise ases ▁Category : My cos is - related ▁cut aneous ▁conditions ▁Category : RT T ▁Category : Cat ▁dise ases ▁Category : RT TE M <0x0A> </s> ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁is ▁a ▁song ▁written ▁by ▁Jackson ▁Brow ne ▁and ▁recorded ▁by ▁numerous ▁artists . ▁Brow ne ▁wrote ▁the ▁song ▁at ▁age ▁ 1 6 ; ▁its ▁lyr ics ▁deal ▁with ▁loss ▁and ▁regret . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁N ico ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁for ▁her ▁album ▁Ch else a ▁Girl ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁by ▁Tom ▁R ush . ▁Gre gg ▁All man ▁recorded ▁a ▁new ▁arrangement ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁on ▁La id ▁Back , ▁and ▁Brow ne ▁recorded ▁the ▁All man ▁arrangement ▁on ▁For ▁Ever yman ▁the ▁same ▁year . ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁recorded ▁by ▁Paul ▁West er berg , ▁St . ▁Vincent , ▁F ount ains ▁of ▁Wayne , ▁M ates ▁of ▁State , ▁David ▁All an ▁Co e , ▁Glen ▁Campbell , ▁and ▁Dra ke . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Rand all ▁Roberts ▁at ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Times |
, ▁the ▁song ▁has ▁" qu iet ly ▁become ▁a ▁classic " ▁over ▁the ▁years . ▁P itch f ork ▁Media ' s ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ranking ▁of ▁" The ▁ 2 0 0 ▁Great est ▁Songs ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s " ▁placed ▁the ▁N ico ▁version ▁of ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁at ▁number ▁ 3 1 . ▁ ▁Orig ins ▁and ▁N ico ▁version ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁mid - to - late ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁Brow ne ▁was ▁a ▁pre co cious ▁song writer ▁who ▁was ▁pitch ing ▁his ▁material ▁to ▁various ▁artists ▁and ▁publishing ▁houses . ▁On ▁January ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁he ▁made ▁some ▁demo ▁record ings ▁for ▁N ina ▁Music ▁Publishing ▁at ▁Jay c ino ▁Studio ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁( An ▁un pl anned ▁double ▁album ▁of ▁these ▁record ings ▁was ▁made ▁by ▁N ina ▁Music , ▁with ▁ 1 0 0 ▁copies ▁issued .) ▁In cluded ▁in ▁these ▁dem os , ▁and ▁the ▁third ▁song ▁on ▁this ▁collection , ▁was ▁" I ' ve ▁Be en ▁Out ▁Walk ing ", ▁the ▁earliest ▁manifest ation ▁of ▁" Th ese ▁Days ". ▁Yet ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁even ▁older ▁than ▁that ; ▁Brow ne ▁later ▁said ▁he ▁wrote ▁it ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁ 1 6 ▁years ▁old , ▁meaning ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁or ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ ▁German ▁model ▁and ▁singer ▁N ico ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁record ▁" |
Th ese ▁Days " ▁for ▁release ▁on ▁her ▁October ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁album ▁Ch else a ▁Girl . ▁The ▁elaborate ▁production ▁featured ▁a ▁fairly ▁fast ▁finger pick ing ▁electric ▁guitar ▁part ▁by ▁Brow ne ▁played ▁in ▁a ▁desc ending ▁pattern ▁ending ▁in ▁a ▁major ▁ 7 th ▁ch ord ; ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁that ▁instrument ▁was ▁suggested ▁by ▁Andy ▁War hol , ▁who ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁N ico ▁and ▁Vel vet ▁Under ground ▁scene ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁was ▁looking ▁for ▁something ▁more ▁" mod ern " ▁than ▁an ▁ac oust ic ▁guitar ▁in ▁the ▁song . ▁This ▁was ▁combined ▁with ▁strings ▁and ▁fl utes , ▁added ▁after ▁the ▁fact ▁by ▁producer ▁Tom ▁Wilson , ▁without ▁N ico ' s ▁knowledge . ▁Set ▁against ▁these ▁elements ▁were ▁the ▁sad , ▁world - we ary ▁tone ▁of ▁the ▁lyr ics , ▁all ▁wrapped ▁around ▁N ico ' s ▁manner ed , ▁ icy , ▁German - ac cent ed , ▁lower - register ▁vocals : ▁ ▁N ico ▁dis lik ed ▁the ▁strings ▁addition ▁and ▁called ▁the ▁album ▁" un list enable " ▁as ▁a ▁result . ▁But ▁P itch f ork ▁said ▁that ▁never theless , ▁the ▁" ine ff able ▁sad ness " ▁and ▁" gr ande ur ▁of ▁her ▁mel anch oly " ▁came ▁through . ▁While ▁N ico ▁never ▁achieved ▁much ▁commercial ▁visibility , ▁her ▁work ▁caught ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁other ▁mus icians ▁and ▁song writ ers . ▁And ▁although ▁Brow ne ▁was ▁still ▁several ▁years ▁from |
▁getting ▁his ▁own ▁recording ▁contract , ▁his ▁wise - be yond - his - year s ▁talent ▁was ▁quickly ▁recognized ▁by ▁other ▁perform ers ▁looking ▁for ▁material . ▁Of ▁Brow ne ' s ▁catalog ue ▁during ▁this ▁period , ▁" Th ese ▁Days ," ▁along ▁with ▁his ▁" Sh adow ▁Dream ▁Song ," ▁were ▁regarded ▁as ▁his ▁g ems . ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁was ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁by ▁The ▁N itt y ▁G rit ty ▁D irt ▁Band ▁on ▁their ▁album ▁R are ▁J unk , ▁by ▁Tom ▁R ush ▁on ▁his ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁self - t itled ▁album , ▁by ▁Jenn ifer ▁W arn es ▁( as ▁" J enn ifer ") ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁( this ▁version ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁John ▁C ale , ▁who ▁also ▁played ▁on ▁N ico ' s ▁Ch else a ▁Girl ▁album ), ▁by ▁Ken ny ▁Log g ins ' ▁first ▁band , ▁G ator ▁Creek , ▁around ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁and ▁by ▁I ain ▁Matt he ws ▁on ▁his ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁album ▁Valley ▁Hi . ▁ ▁Brow ne ▁and ▁All man ▁versions ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁Jackson ▁Brow ne ▁had ▁become ▁a ▁successful ▁recording ▁artist , ▁and ▁not ▁having ▁ra ided ▁his ▁back ▁catalog ue ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁album , ▁was ▁willing ▁to ▁do ▁so ▁for ▁this ▁second , ▁For ▁Ever yman . ▁Record ed ▁at ▁the ▁Sun set ▁Sound ▁Factory , ▁this ▁" Th |
ese ▁Days " ▁was ▁consider ably ▁different ▁in ▁several ▁ways ▁from ▁the ▁N ico ▁effort . ▁ ▁Some ▁lyr ics ▁were ▁changed ▁or ▁omitted , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁lines ▁about ▁" r amb ling " ▁and ▁" g amb ling ". ▁ ▁The ▁finger pick ing ▁guitar ▁figure ▁was ▁replaced ▁with ▁flat pick ing , ▁and ▁the ▁slower - p ac ed ▁instrument ation ▁was ▁typical ▁of ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁Southern ▁Californ ian ▁folk ▁rock ▁— ▁drums , ▁bass , ▁piano , ▁ac oust ic ▁guitar , ▁but ▁most ▁prom in ently ▁with ▁David ▁Lind ley ' s ▁slide ▁guitar , ▁a ▁feature ▁of ▁Brow ne ' s ▁early ▁albums , ▁but ▁also ▁with ▁Jim ▁K elt ner ▁on ▁drums ▁and ▁David ▁Pa ich ▁on ▁piano . ▁N ico ' s ▁cool ▁delivery ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁Brow ne ' s ▁singer - song writer - style ▁approach , ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁vocal ▁that ▁Philadelphia ▁City ▁P aper ▁later ▁called ▁" unique , ▁and ▁pier cing ly ▁sad ". ▁ ▁The ▁For ▁Ever yman ▁l iner ▁notes ▁thank ed ▁Gre gg ▁All man ▁for ▁the ▁arrangement . ▁While ▁All man ▁was ▁most ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁emer ging ▁Southern ▁rock ▁scene , ▁he ▁had ▁spent ▁considerable ▁time ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁before ▁The ▁All man ▁Brothers ▁Band ▁came ▁together ; ▁he ▁and ▁Brow ne ▁had ▁become ▁friends , ▁and ▁the ▁brothers ' ▁early ▁band ▁had ▁recorded ▁Brow ne ' s ▁" Cast ▁Off ▁All ▁My ▁F ears " ▁on ▁their |
▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁self - t itled ▁album ▁The ▁H our ▁G lass . ▁All man ▁decided ▁to ▁record ▁his ▁own ▁version ▁of ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁for ▁his ▁debut ▁solo ▁album , ▁La id ▁Back , ▁released ▁like ▁For ▁Ever yman ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁( and ▁following ▁by ▁a ▁year ▁or ▁two ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁band m ates ▁Du ane ▁All man ▁and ▁Ber ry ▁Oak ley ▁in ▁motor cycle ▁acc idents ). ▁ ▁All man ' s ▁version ▁kept ▁to ▁Brow ne ' s ▁re vised ▁ly ric ▁until ▁the ▁end , ▁when ▁he ▁changed ▁" Don ' t ▁confront ▁me ▁with ▁my ▁fail ures ▁/ ▁I ▁had ▁not ▁forgotten ▁them ," ▁to ▁" Please ▁don ' t ▁confront ▁me ▁with ▁my ▁fail ures ▁/ ▁I ' m ▁aware ▁of ▁them ." ▁ ▁Rol ling ▁Stone ▁pra ised ▁the ▁treatment , ▁saying ▁All man ▁" does ▁full ▁justice ▁to ▁the ▁quietly ▁hur ting ▁lyr ics , ▁double - track ing ▁the ▁vocal ▁over ▁a ▁sad ▁steel ▁guitar ," ▁and ▁calling ▁the ▁vocal ▁quality ▁" res igned " ▁and ▁" et ern ally ▁ach ing ." ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁writer ▁Anthony ▁De C urt is ▁called ▁All man ' s ▁version ▁" def init ive ", ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁American ▁Song writer ▁magazine ▁said ▁that ▁All man ' s ▁recording ▁had ▁over shadow ed ▁Brow ne ' s ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁way ▁that ▁the ▁E ag |
les ▁had ▁for ▁Brow ne ' s ▁co - written ▁" Take ▁It ▁E asy ". ▁ ▁Many ▁years ▁later , ▁Brow ne ▁described ▁the ▁insp iration ▁he ▁cred ited : ▁ ▁" When ▁[ All man ] ▁did ▁it ▁I ▁thought ▁that ▁he ▁really ▁un locked ▁a ▁power ▁in ▁that ▁song ▁that ▁I ▁sort ▁of ▁then ▁em ulated ▁in ▁my ▁version . ▁I ▁started ▁playing ▁the ▁piano . ▁I ▁wasn ' t ▁trying ▁to ▁sing ▁it ▁like ▁Gre gg ; ▁I ▁couldn ' t ▁possibly . ▁I ▁took ▁the ▁c ue , ▁play in ' ▁this ▁slow ▁walk . ▁But ▁it ▁was ▁written ▁very ▁sort ▁of , ▁kind ▁of ▁— ▁[ str ums ▁opening ] ▁— ▁a ▁little ▁more ▁flat pick ing ." ▁ ▁While ▁neither ▁version ▁was ▁released ▁as ▁a ▁single , ▁both ▁Brow ne ' s ▁and ▁All man ' s ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁record ings ▁gained ▁air play ▁on ▁progress ive ▁rock ▁radio ▁stations ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁most - he ard ▁interpret ations ▁of ▁the ▁song . ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁included ▁on ▁both ▁of ▁Brow ne ' s ▁" best ▁of " ▁albums , ▁The ▁Next ▁Vo ice ▁You ▁H ear : ▁The ▁Best ▁of ▁Jackson ▁Brow ne ▁and ▁The ▁Very ▁Best ▁of ▁Jackson ▁Brow ne , ▁and ▁on ▁both ▁of ▁All man ' s ▁comp il ations , ▁The ▁Mill en ni um ▁Collection : ▁The ▁Best ▁of ▁Gre gg ▁All man ▁and ▁( in ▁a ▁live ▁version ) ▁No ▁Str anger ▁to ▁the ▁Dark : |
▁The ▁Best ▁of ▁Gre gg ▁All man . ▁ ▁When ▁All man ▁tou red ▁as ▁a ▁solo ▁act , ▁he ▁generally ▁kept ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁in ▁his ▁concert ▁re per toire . ▁ ▁Brow ne ▁was ▁a ▁different ▁story . ▁ ▁It ▁had ▁appeared ▁in ▁his ▁concert s ▁since ▁before ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁recording ▁contract , ▁and ▁stayed ▁in ▁through ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁usually ▁played ▁on ▁piano ▁in ▁a ▁surprising ▁seg ue ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁biggest ▁hit ▁single , ▁" Do ctor ▁My ▁E yes ". ▁ ▁But ▁by ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁he ▁had ▁graduated ▁from ▁h alls ▁and ▁out door ▁am ph it he at res ▁to ▁aren as , ▁and ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁disappeared ▁from ▁his ▁set ▁lists , ▁perhaps ▁because ▁he ▁felt ▁it ▁no ▁longer ▁effective ▁in ▁those ▁settings . ▁Save ▁for ▁the ▁occas ional ▁ac oust ic ▁show ▁or ▁benefit ▁show , ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁not ▁heard ▁again ▁until ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁as ▁Brow ne ▁was ▁again ▁playing ▁smaller ▁ven ues , ▁often ▁solo , ▁and ▁where ▁it ▁began ▁to ▁re app ear ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁" Do ctor ▁My ▁E yes " ▁seg ue ▁again . ▁ ▁Ren ew ed ▁visibility ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁gained ▁renew ed ▁visibility ▁when ▁the ▁N ico ▁recording ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁a ▁scene ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Wes ▁Anderson ▁film ▁The ▁Royal ▁T enen ba ums , ▁which ▁gross ed ▁over |
▁$ 5 0 ▁million ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁and ▁gar ner ed ▁many ▁award ▁nomin ations . ▁ ▁The ▁Philadelphia ▁City ▁P aper ▁wrote ▁that ▁" It ' s ▁no ▁surprise ▁that ▁Wes ▁Anderson ▁used ▁this ▁recording ▁in ▁The ▁Royal ▁T enen ba ums ; ▁the ▁fear ▁of ▁missed ▁opportunity ▁that ▁its ▁characters ▁share ▁is ▁what ▁prop els ▁' Th ese ▁Days ' ." ▁ ▁The ▁scene ▁in ▁which ▁G w yn eth ▁P alt row ▁gets ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁Green ▁Line ▁bus ▁as ▁the ▁song ▁is ▁heard ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁that ▁Anderson ▁designed ▁for ▁the ▁film . ▁Jackson ▁Brow ne ▁later ▁said ▁" I ▁forgot ▁that ▁I ' d ▁lic ensed ▁them ▁to ▁use ▁this ▁song . ▁And ▁this ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁those ▁things ▁that ▁comes ▁to ▁you ▁in ▁the ▁mail ▁and ▁you ▁don ' t ▁know ▁what ▁they ' re ▁talking ▁about ▁and ▁you ▁simply ▁give ▁them ▁their ▁permission . ▁You ' re ▁sitting ▁in ▁the ▁movie ▁the ater ▁and ▁there ' s ▁this ▁great ▁moment ▁when ▁G w yn eth ▁P alt row ▁is ▁coming ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁bus ▁or ▁something ▁like ▁that . ▁I ' m ▁thinking ▁to ▁myself , ▁I ▁used ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁guitar ▁just ▁like ▁that . ▁And ▁then ▁the ▁voice ▁comes ▁on ▁and ▁it ' s ▁N ico ▁singing ▁' Th ese ▁Days ', ▁which ▁I ▁played ▁on ." ▁ ▁N ico ' s ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁was ▁included ▁on ▁both ▁versions ▁of ▁The ▁Royal ▁T enen ba ums |
▁sound track . ▁Later , ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁K mart ▁commercial ▁loop ed ▁the ▁guitar ▁part ▁from ▁the ▁N ico ▁recording . ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁new ▁wave ▁of ▁treat ments ▁of ▁the ▁song , ▁with ▁some ▁em ulating ▁either ▁N ico ▁or ▁Brow ne ▁while ▁others ▁re im ag ined ▁it ▁in ▁other ▁ways . ▁ ▁Given ▁this ▁new ▁attention , ▁Brow ne ▁began ▁playing ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁in ▁concert ▁on ▁a ▁regular ▁basis , ▁but ▁on ▁ac oust ic ▁guitar ▁and ▁in ▁a ▁new ▁style . ▁He ▁now ▁started ▁with ▁the ▁finger pick ing ▁guitar ▁part ▁but ▁continued ▁in ▁a ▁technique ▁and ▁feel ▁that ▁falls ▁between ▁the ▁N ico ▁and ▁Brow ne ▁record ings . ▁He ▁said ▁" And ▁now ▁I ' ve ▁learned ▁how ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁N ico ▁version , ▁which ▁we ▁sort ▁of ▁made ▁up ▁for ▁her . ▁[ Im it ates ▁N ico ' s ▁version ] ▁Fab ul ous ▁you ▁know ..." ▁It ▁was ▁included ▁on ▁Brow ne ' s ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁live ▁album ▁Solo ▁Ac oust ic , ▁Vol . ▁ 1 , ▁including ▁a ▁hum orous ▁spoken ▁introduction ▁about ▁the ▁orig ins ▁of ▁the ▁song . ▁Another ▁arrangement ▁was ▁constructed ▁for ▁his ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁tour ▁of ▁Spain ▁with ▁Lind ley ▁and ▁per cussion ist ▁T ino ▁di ▁Ger al do ▁and ▁captured ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁live ▁album ▁Love ▁Is ▁Str ange : ▁En ▁V ivo ▁Con ▁T ino . ▁A |
▁Spanish - ac cent ed ▁vocal ▁from ▁guest ▁singer ▁Lu z ▁Cas al ▁was ▁set ▁against ▁Brow ne ' s ▁ac oust ic ▁guitar , ▁Lind ley ' s ▁viol in , ▁and ▁di ▁Ger al do ' s ▁c aj ón ; ▁All music ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁result ▁" m akes ▁an ▁already ▁beautiful ▁song ▁ex quis ite ". ▁ ▁The ▁All man ▁Brothers ▁Band ▁included ▁the ▁song ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁their ▁concert s , ▁featuring ▁it ▁on ▁their ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Be acon ▁Theatre ▁run ▁of ▁shows ▁with ▁Gre gg ▁All man ▁and ▁Warren ▁Hay nes ▁both ▁playing ▁ac oust ic ▁guitar ▁and ▁sharing ▁dual ▁vocals . ▁ ▁Brow ne ▁and ▁All man ▁sang ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁together ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁at ▁Atlanta ' s ▁Fox ▁Theatre ▁at ▁the ▁All ▁My ▁Fri ends : ▁C ele br ating ▁The ▁Songs ▁& ▁Vo ice ▁Of ▁Gre gg ▁All man ▁t ribute ▁concert ▁and ▁subsequent ▁CD ▁and ▁DVD ▁release . ▁ ▁The ▁pair ▁followed ▁with ▁a ▁du et ▁of ▁All man ' s ▁classic ▁" M el issa ." ▁ ▁On ▁October ▁ 9 th , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Brow ne ▁joined ▁Bla ke ▁M ills ▁on stage ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Ca fe ▁in ▁Philadelphia ▁to ▁perform ▁" Th ese ▁Days ." ▁The ▁two ▁were ▁joined ▁by ▁M ills ' ▁tour ▁band ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁his ▁op ener , ▁y Music . ▁M ills ▁admitted |
▁to ▁having ▁played ▁the ▁song ▁at ▁his ▁high ▁school ▁gradu ation , ▁cit ing ▁Brow ne ▁as ▁an ▁early ▁influence ▁and ▁now - fre quent ▁collabor ator . ▁ ▁Post - 1 9 7 3 ▁versions ▁ ▁I ain ▁Matt he ws ▁included ▁the ▁song ▁on ▁his ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁solo ▁album ▁Valley ▁Hi . ▁ ▁Terry ▁Mel cher ▁with ▁Dor is ▁Day ▁included ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁on ▁his ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁album ▁Terry ▁Mel cher . ▁ ▁New ▁Gr ass ▁Rev ival ▁recorded ▁the ▁song ▁in ▁a ▁progress ive ▁bl u egr ass ▁style ▁for ▁their ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁album ▁Fly ▁Through ▁the ▁Country . ▁ ▁Cher ▁recorded ▁the ▁song ▁for ▁her ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁album ▁Stars . ▁ ▁Ind ie ▁ro cker ▁Barbara ▁Mann ing ▁included ▁it ▁as ▁the ▁B - side ▁of ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁singles ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁Man ia cs ▁covered ▁the ▁song ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Ele kt ra ▁Records ▁t ribute ▁album ▁Rub á iy át . ▁ ▁The ▁Golden ▁Pal omin os ▁on ▁their ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁album ▁This ▁Is ▁How ▁It ▁Fe els . ▁ ▁Kate ▁Wolf ▁recorded ▁it ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁album ▁Looking ▁Back ▁at ▁You ▁( Live , ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁ 1 9 7 7 - 1 9 7 9 ). ▁ ▁The ▁N ect ar ine ▁No . ▁ 9 |
▁recorded ▁the ▁song ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁album ▁Ni ag ara ▁F alls . ▁ ▁Lloyd ▁Cole ▁played ▁the ▁song ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁ ▁Elli ott ▁Smith ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁cover ▁the ▁song ▁frequently ▁in ▁live ▁performances ▁( most ▁likely ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ). ▁ ▁F ount ains ▁of ▁Wayne ▁used ▁it ▁as ▁the ▁B - side ▁of ▁their ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁single ▁" Tr ouble d ▁Times ", ▁and ▁later ▁included ▁it ▁on ▁disc ▁ 2 ▁of ▁the ▁band ' s ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁compilation ▁album ▁Out - of - State ▁Pl ates . ▁ ▁M ates ▁of ▁State ▁recorded ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁ 7 " ▁in ch ▁single ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁ ▁Paul ▁West er berg ▁covered ▁the ▁song ▁on ▁his ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁album ▁Come ▁Fe el ▁Me ▁T rem ble . ▁ ▁Philadelphia ▁singer / song writer ▁Den ison ▁Wit mer ▁included ▁the ▁song ▁on ▁his ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁covers ▁album ▁Rec over ed . ▁ ▁Altern ative ▁folk ▁singer ▁Kath ry n ▁Williams ▁included ▁a ▁cover ▁of ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁on ▁her ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁covers ▁album ▁Rel ations . ▁ ▁St . ▁Vincent ▁covered ▁the ▁song ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁EP ▁Paris ▁Is ▁Burn ing . ▁ ▁South am pton ▁band ▁Del ays ▁included ▁a ▁cover ▁of ▁the ▁song ▁on ▁their ▁ 2 |
0 0 8 ▁EP ▁Lost ▁T unes . ▁ ▁Glen ▁Campbell ▁covered ▁the ▁song ▁on ▁his ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁album ▁Me et ▁Glen ▁Campbell . ▁ ▁Band ▁Of ▁H ors es ▁guitar ist ▁Ty ler ▁Ram sey ▁covered ▁the ▁song ▁on ▁his ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁solo ▁album ▁A ▁Long ▁Dream ▁About ▁Sw imming ▁Ac ross ▁the ▁Sea . ▁ ▁Irish ▁singer ▁Gem ma ▁Hay es ▁recorded ▁the ▁track ▁on ▁her ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Oliver ▁EP . ▁ ▁Fight star ▁covered ▁the ▁song ▁ac oust ically ▁as ▁a ▁B - side ▁to ▁the ▁digital ▁download ▁of ▁their ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁single ▁" N ever ▁Change ". ▁ ▁The ▁T all est ▁Man ▁on ▁Earth ▁covered ▁the ▁song ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁for ▁a ▁Take - A way ▁Show ▁video . ▁ ▁Robin ▁Pe ck n old ▁and ▁Ale la ▁D iane ▁covered ▁the ▁song ▁at ▁a ▁live ▁concert ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Don ▁Hen ley ▁with ▁Bl ind ▁Pil ot ▁recorded ▁the ▁song ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Looking ▁into ▁You : ▁A ▁T ribute ▁to ▁Jackson ▁Brow ne ▁album . ▁ ▁Live ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁in ▁a ▁du et ▁between ▁Gre gg ▁All man ▁and ▁Graham ▁Nash . ▁ ▁Johnny ▁Dar rell ▁recorded ▁the ▁song ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁album ▁The ▁California ▁Stop - Over , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁included ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁album ▁The ▁Complete ▁Gust |
o / St ard ay / K ing ▁Record ings . ▁▁ ▁Dra ke ▁and ▁B abe o ▁B agg ins ▁of ▁rap ▁collect ive ▁Bar f ▁Tro op ▁covered ▁the ▁song ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Sw ing ▁Out ▁Sister ▁covered ▁the ▁song ▁in ▁a ▁live ▁limited ▁edition ▁recording , ▁Les ▁Ch ants ▁de ▁Manchester ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁( record ed ▁October ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁by ▁Robin ▁Mac mill an ▁at ▁Low ry ▁Gallery ▁in ▁S alf ord ). ▁ ▁Sound track ▁appearances ▁The ▁best - known ▁sound track ▁usage ▁of ▁" Th ese ▁Days " ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁film ▁The ▁Royal ▁T enen ba ums . ▁Other ▁sound track ▁appearances ▁include : ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁cover ▁version ▁by ▁ind ie ▁rock ▁band ▁M ates ▁of ▁State ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁W icker ▁Park ▁sound track . ▁ ▁A ▁cover ▁version ▁by ▁Griff in ▁House ▁was ▁played ▁on ▁the ▁Ever wood ▁television ▁series ▁and ▁its ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁sound track ▁album . ▁ ▁Brow ne ' s ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁recording ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁film ▁Inv inci ble . ▁ ▁Jen ▁St ills ' ▁version ▁was ▁featured ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁television ▁series ▁Brothers ▁& ▁Sister s . ▁ ▁Alt - J ▁Buff alo ▁uses ▁the ▁two ▁first ▁lines ▁at ▁the ▁end |
▁of ▁their ▁song . ▁ ▁Taylor ▁G olds m ith ▁of ▁the ▁band ▁Daw es ▁covered ▁the ▁song ▁for ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁TV ▁show ▁This ▁Is ▁Us . ▁G olds m ith ▁is ▁engaged ▁to ▁series ▁co - star ▁M andy ▁Moore ▁and ▁has ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁Brow ne ▁in ▁the ▁past . ▁ ▁Brow ne ' s ▁recording ▁- ▁Bill ions , ▁season ▁ 4 , ▁episode ▁ 1 0 . ▁ ▁Brow ne ' s ▁recording ▁- ▁Net fli x ▁series ▁After ▁Life , ▁season ▁ 2 , ▁episode ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 7 ▁songs ▁Category : N ico ▁songs ▁Category : Jack son ▁Brow ne ▁songs ▁Category : G len ▁Campbell ▁songs ▁Category : Gre gg ▁All man ▁songs ▁Category : S ongs ▁written ▁by ▁Jackson ▁Brow ne <0x0A> </s> ▁Sea ▁bass ▁is ▁a ▁common ▁name ▁for ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁different ▁species ▁of ▁marine ▁fish . ▁Many ▁fish ▁species ▁of ▁various ▁families ▁have ▁been ▁called ▁sea ▁bass . ▁ ▁In ▁Ireland ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁the ▁fish ▁sold ▁and ▁consum ed ▁as ▁sea ▁bass ▁is ▁exclus ively ▁the ▁European ▁bass , ▁Dic entr arch us ▁lab ra x . ▁ ▁Other ▁fish ▁sometimes ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁sea ▁bass ▁include ▁the ▁following : ▁ ▁Family ▁Ser ran idae ▁Family ▁Ser ran idae ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Par al ab ra x ▁ ▁Bar red ▁sand ▁bass ▁( Par al ab ra x ▁ne bul ifer |
), ▁lives ▁mainly ▁off ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁California . ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Centro pr ist is ▁Black ▁sea ▁bass ▁( Cent ro pr ist is ▁stri ata ), ▁whose ▁range ▁is ▁the ▁eastern ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Ca esi oper ca ▁But ter fly ▁per ch ▁( Ca esi oper ca ▁Le pid optera ), ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁eastern ▁Indian ▁Ocean , ▁and ▁the ▁south west ▁Pacific ▁Ocean ▁including ▁southern ▁Australia ▁and ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Cap rod on ▁P ink ▁ma oma o ▁( Cap rod on ▁long im anus ), ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁eastern ▁Indian ▁Ocean , ▁and ▁the ▁southern ▁Pacific ▁Ocean ▁including ▁Australia ▁and ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Ep ine ph el us ▁Pot ato ▁cod ▁( E pine ph el us ▁t uk ula ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁pot ato ▁bass ▁or ▁pot ato ▁gr ou per , ▁a ▁large ▁re ef ▁fish ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁and ▁Pacific ▁O ce ans . ▁ ▁D us ky ▁gr ou per ▁( E pine ph el us ▁margin atus ) ▁ ▁Dog to oth ▁gr ou per ▁( E pine ph el us ▁can inus ) ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Hyp op lect ro des ▁Red band ed ▁per ch ▁( H yp op lect ro des ▁h unt ii ), ▁found ▁in ▁sout he astern ▁Australia , ▁and ▁the ▁North ▁Island ▁and ▁northern ▁South ▁Island ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Tra ch yp oma ▁To ad st ool |
▁gro per ▁( Tra ch yp oma ▁mac rac anth us ), ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁south west ▁Pacific ▁Ocean . ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Ser ran us ▁Ser ran us ▁cab r illa ▁( Com ber ) ▁( Lin na eus , ▁ 1 7 5 8 ) ▁Ser ran us ▁scri ba ▁( Paint ed ▁com ber ) ▁( Lin na eus , ▁ 1 7 5 8 ) ▁ ▁Other ▁ ▁Family ▁Lat idae ▁( also ▁called ▁Asian ▁sea ▁bass , ▁whose ▁range ▁is ▁the ▁Ind o - P ac ific , ▁from ▁Australia ▁to ▁India ). ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Hyp opter us ▁( S pi key ▁se ab ass ) ▁ ▁Hyp opter us ▁mac rop ter us ▁ ▁Gen us ▁L ates ▁( L ates ▁sea ▁bass ) ▁ ▁L ates ▁cal car ifer ▁( B lo ch , ▁ 1 7 9 0 ) ▁( Bar ram und i , ▁L ates ▁sea ▁bass ) ▁ ▁L ates ▁jap onic us ▁Kat ay ama ▁& ▁Y . ▁T aki , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁( J apan ese ▁l ates ▁sea ▁bass ) ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Ps amm oper ca ▁( W a ige o ▁sea ▁bass ) ▁ ▁Ps amm oper ca ▁wa igi ensis ▁ ▁Family ▁Not oth eni idae ▁ ▁Gen us ▁D iss ost ich us ▁( Ch ile an ▁sea ▁bass , ▁a ▁market ing ▁term ▁for ▁the ▁Pat agon ian ▁to oth fish ) ▁ ▁D iss ost ich us ▁eleg ino |
ides ▁ ▁D iss ost ich us ▁ma w son i ▁ ▁Family ▁Mor on idae ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Dic entr arch us ▁( Europe an ▁sea ▁bass ) ▁ ▁Dic entr arch us ▁lab ra x ▁- ▁European ▁sea ▁bass ▁or ▁sea ▁d ace ▁▁ ▁Dic entr arch us ▁pun ct atus ▁- ▁sp otted ▁sea ▁bass ▁ ▁Family ▁Poly pr ion idae ▁ ▁Gen us ▁S tere ole pis ▁giant ▁sea ▁bass , ▁native ▁to ▁the ▁northern ▁Pacific ▁Ocean ) ▁ ▁S tere ole pis ▁gig as ▁( gi ant ▁sea ▁bass ) ▁ ▁S tere ole pis ▁do eder le ini ▁▁ ▁Family ▁Late ol ab rac idae ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Late ol ab ra x ▁( J apan ese ▁sea ▁bass , ▁a ▁fish ▁commonly ▁used ▁in ▁Japanese , ▁Korean , ▁and ▁Chinese ▁cu is ines . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁commonly ▁called ▁su zu ki .) ▁Late ol ab ra x ▁jap onic us ▁( G . ▁C uv ier , ▁ 1 8 2 8 ) ▁( J apan ese ▁sea ▁bass ) ▁ ▁Late ol ab ra x ▁l atus ▁Kat ay ama , ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁( black fin ▁sea ▁bass ) ▁ ▁Family ▁S cia en idae ▁ ▁Gen us ▁At ract os cion ▁( White ▁sea ▁bass ) ▁ ▁White ▁se ab ass ▁( At ract os cion ▁no bil is , ▁family ▁S cia en idae ), ▁along ▁the ▁Pacific ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Gen us ▁Pseud ot ol |
ith us ▁Pseud ot ol ith us ▁sen eg al ensis ▁( c ass ava ▁cro aker ) ▁ ▁Pseud ot ol ith us ▁typ us ▁( long ne ck ▁cro aker ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : F ish ▁common ▁names ▁Category : Form er ▁dis ambiguation ▁pages ▁converted ▁to ▁set ▁index ▁articles ▁ ▁ru : М ор ские ▁о ку ни <0x0A> </s> ▁H os sein ▁T ay y eb i ▁B id g oli ▁( , ▁born ▁ 2 9 ▁September ▁ 1 9 8 8 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Iran ian ▁fut sal ▁player . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁K air at ▁Al mat y ▁and ▁the ▁Iran ▁national ▁fut sal ▁team , ▁for ▁which ▁he ▁played ▁ 1 3 0 ▁matches ▁and ▁scored ▁ 1 5 0 ▁goals . ▁His ▁first ▁match ▁with ▁the ▁national ▁team ▁was ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 2 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁ranked ▁Top ▁Go als cor er ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁( 1 5 ) ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁A FC ▁F uts al ▁Championship ▁( 1 4 ), ▁and ▁ 5 th ▁Best ▁Player ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁at ▁the ▁U MB RO ▁F uts al ▁Awards ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁His ▁current ▁club , ▁K air at ▁Al mat y , ▁came ▁ 2 nd ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁F uts al ▁Champions ▁League . ▁ ▁Hon ours |
▁ ▁Country ▁▁ ▁FIFA ▁F uts al ▁World ▁Cup ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁Third ▁place ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁A FC ▁F uts al ▁Championship ▁ ▁Champion ▁( 2 ): ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁ ▁Run ner - up ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁Third ▁place ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁Asian ▁Ind oor ▁and ▁Mart ial ▁Arts ▁Games ▁ ▁Champion ▁( 2 ): ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁ ▁Run ner - Up ▁( 2 ): ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁Third ▁place ▁( 2 ): ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁W A FF ▁F uts al ▁Championship ▁ ▁Champion ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁Club ▁▁ ▁A FC ▁F uts al ▁Club ▁Championship ▁ ▁Champion ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁( M es ▁S ung un ) ▁ ▁Run ner - Up ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁( G iti ▁Pas and ▁Is fah an ) ▁ ▁Third ▁place ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁( Th á i ▁S ơ n ▁Nam ) ▁ ▁UEFA ▁F uts al ▁Champions ▁League ▁ ▁Run ner - up ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 8 – 1 9 ▁( K air at ▁Al mat y |
) ▁ ▁Third ▁place ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁( K air at ▁Al mat y ) ▁ ▁Iran ian ▁F uts al ▁Super ▁League ▁ ▁Champion ▁( 2 ): ▁ 2 0 0 9 - 1 0 ▁( F ool ad ▁Mah an ), ▁ 2 0 1 2 - 1 3 ▁( G iti ▁Pas and ) ▁ ▁Run ner - up ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 5 - 1 6 ▁( M es ▁S ung un ) ▁ ▁Kaz akh st ani ▁F uts al ▁Championship ▁ ▁Champion ▁( 3 ): ▁ 2 0 1 6 - 1 7 ▁( K air at ▁Al mat y ), ▁ 2 0 1 7 - 1 8 ▁( K air at ▁Al mat y ), ▁ 2 0 1 8 - 1 9 ▁( K air at ▁Al mat y ) ▁ ▁Kaz akh stan ▁Cup ▁ ▁Champion ▁( 2 ): ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁( K air at ▁Al mat y ), ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁( K air at ▁Al mat y ) ▁ ▁Kaz akh stan ▁Super ▁Cup ▁ ▁Champion ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁( K air at ▁Al mat y ) ▁ ▁E re men ko ▁Cup ▁ ▁Champion ▁( 2 ): ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁( K air at ▁Al mat y ), ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁( K air at ▁Al mat y ) ▁ ▁Ind ividual ▁▁ ▁Best ▁new |
▁young ▁player ▁ ▁Best ▁new ▁young ▁fut sal ▁player ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 - 1 0 ▁Iran ian ▁F uts al ▁Super ▁League ▁ ▁Best ▁player ▁ ▁Best ▁fut sal ▁player ▁of ▁the ▁F uts al ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Asian ▁Ind oor ▁and ▁Mart ial ▁Arts ▁Games ▁ ▁Best ▁fut sal ▁player ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁Iran ian ▁F uts al ▁Super ▁League ▁ ▁Top ▁Go als cor er ▁ ▁F uts al ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Asian ▁Ind oor ▁and ▁Mart ial ▁Arts ▁Games ▁ ▁A FC ▁F uts al ▁Championship : ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁( 1 5 ), ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁( 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁de ▁F uts al : ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁( 9 ) ▁ ▁Kaz akh stan ▁League ▁& ▁Cup : ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁( K air at ▁Al mat y ) ▁( 1 1 ) ▁ ▁E re men ko ▁Cup : ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁ ▁Run ner - up ▁Top ▁Go als cor er ▁ ▁A FC ▁F uts al ▁Championship : ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁- ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁- ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁▁ ▁U MB RO ▁F uts al ▁Awards ▁▁ 5 th ▁Best ▁Player ▁in ▁the ▁World : ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁ ▁A FC ▁Ann |
ual ▁Awards ▁ ▁N omin ated ▁( am ong ▁ 3 ) ▁for ▁F uts al ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year : ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁http :// www . ff iri . ir / en / n ational - football - team / F uts al - National - Team / National Team Ad ult F o ots al / results / ▁ ▁Category : I ran ian ▁men ' s ▁fut sal ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁M ash had ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁M ash had ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : El mo ▁Ad ab ▁F SC ▁players ▁Category : F ool ad ▁Mah an ▁F SC ▁players ▁Category : G iti ▁Pas and ▁F SC ▁players ▁Category : T as isat ▁D ary ae i ▁F SC ▁players ▁Category : M es ▁S ung un ▁F SC ▁players ▁Category : I ran ian ▁exp atri ate ▁fut sal ▁players ▁Category : I ran ian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Russia ▁Category : I ran ian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Kaz akh stan ▁Category : I ran ian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Vietnam <0x0A> </s> ▁Sh ay ne ▁Rod r igo ▁is ▁a ▁fict ional ▁and ▁protagon ist ▁of ▁S ine ▁Nov ela ' s ▁ele vent h ▁install ment ' s ▁Sa an ▁Dar ating ▁Ang ▁Um aga ? |
▁created ▁by ▁F anny ▁Gar cia ▁and ▁V iva ▁Films ▁she ▁is ▁the ▁bi ological ▁daughter ▁of ▁Rub en ▁Rod r igo ▁and ▁Lor rie ▁Rod r igo . ▁The ▁original ▁character ▁was ▁played ▁by ▁Mar ic el ▁Sor iano . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁re make ▁series ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁title , ▁her ▁character ▁was ▁port rayed ▁by ▁actress ▁Y asm ien ▁Kur di ▁which ▁deb uted ▁her ▁as ▁an ▁afternoon ▁drama ▁prin cess . ▁ ▁Background ▁Sh ay ne ▁is ▁a ▁happy ▁te en ▁age ▁girl ▁grew ▁happ ily ▁with ▁her ▁family . ▁After ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁her ▁father , ▁Rub en , ▁she ▁learned ▁to ▁be ▁responsible ▁to ▁her ▁family ▁since ▁her ▁mother ▁was ▁getting ▁cra zy . ▁She ▁had ▁a ▁relationship ▁with ▁Ra ul ▁Ag on cil lo , ▁which ▁was ▁her ▁hand some ▁class mate ▁but ▁later ▁she ▁decided ▁to ▁stop ▁their ▁relationship ▁due ▁to ▁her ▁family ▁conflict . ▁ ▁Category : So ap ▁opera ▁characters ▁Category : F ict ional ▁Filip ino ▁people ▁Category : Liter ary ▁characters ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁ge ology , ▁a ▁r heid ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁subst ance ▁whose ▁temperature ▁is ▁below ▁the ▁mel ting ▁point ▁and ▁whose ▁ ▁de formation ▁by ▁vis c ous ▁flow ▁during ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁observation ▁is ▁at ▁least ▁three ▁orders ▁of ▁magnitude ▁( 1 , 0 0 0 × ) ▁greater ▁than ▁the ▁el astic ▁de formation ▁under ▁the ▁given ▁conditions . ▁ ▁A ▁material |
▁is ▁a ▁r heid ▁by ▁virtue ▁of ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁observation . ▁The ▁term , ▁co ined ▁by ▁S . ▁Warren ▁Care y ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 , ▁has ▁the ▁same ▁ ▁Greek ▁root ▁as ▁r he ology , ▁the ▁science ▁of ▁vis co el astic ity ▁and ▁non linear ▁flow . ▁ ▁Types ▁of ▁r he ids ▁ ▁Al most ▁any ▁type ▁of ▁rock ▁can ▁behave ▁as ▁a ▁r heid ▁under ▁appropriate ▁conditions ▁of ▁temperature ▁and ▁pressure . ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁Earth ' s ▁mant le ▁under go es ▁con ve ction ▁over ▁long ▁time - scal es . ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁mant le ▁supports ▁the ▁propag ation ▁of ▁she ar ▁waves , ▁it ▁may ▁be ▁dedu ced ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁solid ▁and , ▁therefore , ▁behav ing ▁as ▁a ▁r heid ▁when ▁it ▁under go es ▁said ▁con ve ction . ▁Gran ite ▁has ▁a ▁measured ▁vis cos ity ▁at ▁ ▁standard ▁temperature ▁and ▁pressure ▁of ▁about ▁ 4 . 5 × 1 0 1 9 ▁Pa · s ▁ ▁so ▁it ▁should ▁be ▁considered ▁a ▁r heid . ▁Hal ite , ▁the ▁min eral ▁form ▁of ▁salt , ▁is ▁a ▁ge ological ▁material ▁that ▁behav es ▁as ▁a ▁r heid ▁over ▁relatively ▁short ▁time - period s . ▁ ▁As ▁salt ▁is ▁buried ▁by ▁other ▁types ▁of ▁sed iments , ▁it ▁will ▁often ▁flow ▁later ally ▁towards ▁regions ▁of ▁less - conf ining ▁stress . ▁ ▁Through ▁this ▁mechanism , ▁salt ▁dom es ▁and ▁other |
▁structures ▁may ▁form . ▁ ▁In ▁some ▁areas , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁G ulf ▁of ▁Mexico , ▁these ▁structures ▁often ▁serve ▁as ▁ ▁tra ps ▁for ▁pet role um ▁and ▁natural ▁gas . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Struct ural ▁ge ology <0x0A> </s> ▁California ▁is ▁a ▁neighborhood ▁in ▁urban ▁Louis ville , ▁Kentucky , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁bounded ▁on ▁the ▁north ▁by ▁Broadway , ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁by ▁N inth ▁Street , ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁by ▁Oak ▁Street , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁by ▁Tw enty - S ix th ▁Street . ▁There ▁are ▁no ▁written ▁records ▁of ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁neighborhood , ▁but ▁the ▁area ▁was ▁settled ▁by ▁German ▁imm igr ants ▁around ▁ 1 8 4 9 . ▁It ▁is ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁sub div ision , ▁initially ▁called ▁Hend erson , ▁came ▁to ▁be ▁known ▁as ▁California ▁because ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁" far ▁west " ▁of ▁Louis ville . ▁ ▁African ▁Americans ▁settled ▁the ▁area ▁after ▁the ▁Civil ▁War , ▁starting ▁the ▁California ▁Col ored ▁School ▁and ▁a ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁Fre ed men ' s ▁Bureau . ▁ ▁The ▁early ▁population ▁was ▁mixed ▁between ▁whites ▁and ▁black s , ▁but ▁white ▁families ▁began ▁to ▁leave ▁around ▁ 1 9 0 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁neighborhood ▁lost ▁ 5 0 % ▁of ▁its ▁population ▁and ▁ 4 0 % ▁of ▁its ▁single - family ▁housing ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁and ▁became ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁urban ▁decay . |
▁ ▁California ▁has ▁been ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁urban ▁renew al ▁efforts , ▁including ▁those ▁by ▁the ▁Brown - Form an ▁Corporation , ▁whose ▁headquarters ▁and ▁w are house ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁neighborhood . ▁ ▁A ▁commercial ▁neighborhood ▁arose ▁at ▁ 1 8 th ▁Street ▁( D ix ie ▁Highway ) ▁and ▁Oak . ▁Both ▁Mad den ▁Hard ware ▁and ▁the ▁Oak ▁Theater ▁were ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁side ▁of ▁ 1 8 th . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Im ages ▁of ▁ ▁California ▁( Louis ville , ▁Ky .) ▁in ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Louis ville ▁L ibr aries ▁Digital ▁Col lections ▁ ▁Category : G erman - American ▁culture ▁in ▁Louis ville , ▁Kentucky ▁Category : Ne igh bor hood s ▁in ▁Louis ville , ▁Kentucky <0x0A> </s> ▁Round ▁Har bour ▁was ▁a ▁small ▁settlement ▁in ▁Fort une ▁Bay ▁circa ▁ 1 8 6 4 . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁north ▁west ▁of ▁Har bour ▁Bre ton . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁communities ▁in ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab r ador ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁coast al ▁places ▁in ▁Canada ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab r ador <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Women ' s ▁Beach ▁hand ball ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Beach ▁Games ▁will ▁be ▁the ▁first ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁tournament , ▁held ▁at ▁D oh a , ▁Q atar ▁from ▁ 1 1 ▁to ▁ 1 6 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Qual ification ▁ ▁Draw ▁The |
▁draw ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁at ▁D oh a , ▁Q atar . ▁ ▁Pre lim inary ▁round ▁All ▁times ▁are ▁local ▁( UTC + 3 ). ▁ ▁Group ▁A ▁ ▁Group ▁B ▁ ▁Kno ck out ▁stage ▁ ▁Championship ▁bra cket ▁▁ 5 – 8 th ▁place ▁bra cket ▁▁ 9 – 1 2 th ▁place ▁bra cket ▁ ▁Final ▁ranking ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁website ▁Results ▁I H F ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁World ▁Beach ▁Games ▁events ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁in ▁women ' s ▁hand ball <0x0A> </s> ▁G im son ▁is ▁a ▁surname ▁which ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Alfred ▁C . ▁G im son ▁( 1 9 1 7 – 1 9 8 5 ), ▁English ▁ph on etic ian ▁Andrew ▁G im son ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 8 ), ▁British ▁political ▁journalist ▁and ▁writer ▁Christopher ▁G im son ▁( 1 8 8 6 – 1 9 7 5 ), ▁English ▁cr ick eter ▁and ▁colonial ▁administrator ▁Ernest ▁G im son ▁( 1 8 6 4 – 1 9 1 9 ), ▁English ▁furn iture ▁designer ▁and ▁architect ▁Sir ▁Franklin ▁G im son ▁( 1 8 9 0 – 1 9 7 5 ), ▁British ▁colonial ▁administrator ▁in ▁C ey lon , ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁and ▁Singapore ▁Robert ▁G im son ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 6 ), ▁former ▁American ▁football ▁running ▁back ▁S ally ▁G im son , ▁British |
▁Labour ▁Party ▁politician ▁Sam son ▁G im son ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 4 ), ▁Singapore an ▁professional ▁gol fer ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁G im son ▁( cy cles ), ▁Catal an ▁b icy cle ▁and ▁motor cycle ▁brand ▁G im son ▁and ▁Company , ▁British ▁steam ▁engine ▁manufact urer <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Dev our ing ▁is ▁the ▁sevent h ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁Dj am ▁K aret , ▁released ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁by ▁C une iform ▁Records . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁Ada pt ed ▁from ▁The ▁Dev our ing ▁l iner ▁notes . ▁ ▁Dj am ▁K aret ▁ ▁Gay le ▁Elle tt – ▁electric ▁guitar , ▁ 1 2 - string ▁ac oust ic ▁guitar , ▁ 2 4 - string ▁steel ▁ac oust ic ▁guitar , ▁k oto , ▁guitar ▁synth es izer , ▁key boards , ▁organ , ▁m ell ot ron , ▁sam pler , ▁th erem in , ▁electron ics , ▁per cussion ▁ ▁Ch uck ▁O ken , ▁Jr . – ▁drums , ▁per cussion , ▁key boards ▁ ▁Henry ▁J . ▁Os bor ne – ▁bass ▁guitar , ▁electric ▁guitar , ▁ac oust ic ▁guitar , ▁key boards , ▁per cussion ▁ ▁Add itional ▁mus icians ▁ ▁Jud y ▁G arp – ▁viol in ▁( 4 ) ▁ ▁Mike ▁Hend erson – ▁electric ▁guitar ▁and ▁ 1 2 - string ▁electric ▁guitar ▁( 1 – 3 , ▁ |
5 ) ▁Production ▁and ▁additional ▁personnel ▁ ▁Dave ▁Dru se – ▁cover ▁art ▁ ▁Dj am ▁K aret – ▁production , ▁recording , ▁mixing ▁ ▁Release ▁history ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁The ▁Dev our ing ▁at ▁Discogs ▁( list ▁of ▁releases ) ▁ ▁The ▁Dev our ing ▁at ▁Band camp ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 7 ▁albums ▁Category : D j am ▁K aret ▁albums ▁Category : C une iform ▁Records ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Sm iling , ▁Pr oud ▁W ander er ▁is ▁a ▁novel ▁by ▁Jin ▁Y ong . ▁ ▁The ▁Sm iling , ▁Pr oud ▁W ander er ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁The ▁Sm iling , ▁Pr oud ▁W ander er ▁( 1 9 8 4 ▁TV ▁series ), ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁television ▁series ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁State ▁of ▁Div inity ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Bog ia ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁sea ▁sn ails , ▁marine ▁g ast rop od ▁m oll us ks ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Le pet ell idae . ▁ ▁Species ▁Species ▁within ▁the ▁genus ▁Bog ia ▁include : ▁▁ ▁Bog ia ▁lab ron ica ▁( B og i , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : L ep et ell idae ▁Category : Mon ot yp ic ▁g ast rop od ▁gener a <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Jin – S ong ▁Wars ▁were ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁conflicts ▁between ▁the ▁J urch en ▁Jin ▁dynast y ▁( 1 1 1 |
5 – 1 2 3 4 ) ▁and ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁Song ▁dynast y ▁( 9 6 0 – 1 2 7 9 ). ▁In ▁ 1 1 1 5 , ▁J urch en ▁tribes ▁re bel led ▁against ▁their ▁over l ords , ▁the ▁Kh itan ▁L iao ▁dynast y ▁( 9 0 7 – 1 1 2 5 ), ▁and ▁declared ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁the ▁Jin . ▁Al lying ▁with ▁the ▁Song ▁against ▁their ▁common ▁enemy ▁the ▁L iao ▁dynast y , ▁the ▁Jin ▁promised ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁Song ▁the ▁Six teen ▁Pref ect ures ▁that ▁had ▁fallen ▁under ▁L iao ▁control ▁since ▁ 9 3 8 . ▁The ▁Chinese ▁agreed ▁but ▁the ▁J urch ens ' ▁quick ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁L iao ▁dynast y ▁combined ▁with ▁Song ▁dynast y ▁military ▁fail ures ▁made ▁the ▁Jin ▁rel uct ant ▁to ▁c ede ▁these ▁territ ories . ▁After ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁negoti ations ▁that ▁em bit tered ▁both ▁sides , ▁the ▁J urch ens ▁attacked ▁the ▁Song ▁dynast y ▁in ▁ 1 1 2 5 , ▁dispatch ing ▁one ▁army ▁to ▁Tai y uan ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁to ▁Bian j ing ▁( mod ern ▁Ka if eng ), ▁the ▁Song ▁capital . ▁ ▁Sur pr ised ▁by ▁news ▁of ▁an ▁invasion , ▁Song ▁general ▁T ong ▁Gu an ▁retre ated ▁from ▁Tai y uan , ▁which ▁was ▁bes ie ged ▁and ▁later ▁captured . ▁As ▁the ▁second ▁Jin ▁army ▁approached ▁the ▁capital , ▁Song ▁em peror ▁Hu iz ong ▁ab dic ated |
▁and ▁fled ▁south . ▁Q in z ong , ▁his ▁el dest ▁son , ▁was ▁ent hr oned . ▁The ▁J urch ens ▁laid ▁sie ge ▁to ▁Ka if eng ▁in ▁ 1 1 2 6 , ▁but ▁Q in z ong ▁negoti ated ▁their ▁retre at ▁from ▁the ▁capital ▁by ▁agree ing ▁to ▁a ▁large ▁annual ▁in dem n ity . ▁Q in z ong ▁ren eg ed ▁on ▁the ▁deal ▁and ▁ordered ▁Song ▁forces ▁to ▁defend ▁the ▁pre fect ures ▁instead ▁of ▁fort ifying ▁the ▁capital . ▁The ▁Jin ▁res umed ▁war ▁and ▁again ▁bes ie ged ▁Ka if eng ▁in ▁ 1 1 2 7 . ▁ ▁They ▁captured ▁Emperor ▁Q in z ong ▁of ▁Song , ▁many ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁imperial ▁family ▁and ▁high ▁officials ▁of ▁the ▁Song ▁imperial ▁court ▁in ▁an ▁event ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁J ing k ang ▁Inc ident . ▁This ▁separated ▁north ▁and ▁south ▁China ▁between ▁Jin ▁and ▁Song . ▁Rem n ants ▁of ▁the ▁Song ▁imperial ▁family ▁retre ated ▁to ▁southern ▁China ▁and , ▁after ▁brief ▁stays ▁in ▁several ▁temporary ▁capit als , ▁eventually ▁re located ▁to ▁Lin ' an ▁( mod ern ▁H ang z hou ). ▁The ▁retre at ▁divided ▁the ▁dynast y ▁into ▁two ▁distinct ▁periods , ▁Northern ▁Song ▁and ▁Southern ▁Song . ▁ ▁The ▁J urch ens ▁tried ▁to ▁conquer ▁southern ▁China ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 1 3 0 s , ▁but ▁were ▁bog ged ▁down ▁by ▁a ▁pro - S ong ▁ins ur gency ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁and ▁a |
▁counter off ensive ▁by ▁Song ▁gener als ▁Y ue ▁Fe i , ▁Han ▁Sh iz h ong , ▁and ▁others . ▁The ▁Song ▁gener als ▁reg ained ▁some ▁territ ories ▁but ▁retre ated ▁on ▁the ▁orders ▁of ▁Southern ▁Song ▁em peror ▁Ga oz ong , ▁who ▁supported ▁a ▁peace ful ▁resolution ▁to ▁the ▁war . ▁The ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Sh a ox ing ▁( 1 1 4 2 ) ▁set ▁the ▁boundary ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁emp ires ▁along ▁the ▁Hu ai ▁River , ▁but ▁conflicts ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁dynast ies ▁continued ▁until ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁the ▁Jin ▁in ▁ 1 2 3 4 . ▁ ▁A ▁war ▁against ▁the ▁Song ▁begun ▁by ▁ 4 th ▁Jin ▁em peror , ▁W any an ▁Li ang , ▁was ▁un success ful . ▁He ▁lost ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ca ishi ▁( 1 1 6 1 ) ▁and ▁was ▁later ▁assass in ated ▁by ▁his ▁own ▁dis aff ected ▁officers . ▁An ▁invasion ▁of ▁Jin ▁territory ▁motiv ated ▁by ▁Song ▁re van ch ism ▁( 1 2 0 6 – 1 2 0 8 ) ▁was ▁also ▁un success ful . ▁A ▁de cade ▁later , ▁the ▁Jin ▁launched ▁an ▁abort ive ▁military ▁campaign ▁against ▁the ▁Song ▁in ▁ 1 2 1 7 ▁to ▁replace ▁territory ▁they ▁had ▁lost ▁to ▁the ▁inv ading ▁Mong ols . ▁The ▁Song ▁al lied ▁with ▁the ▁Mong ols ▁in ▁ 1 2 3 3 , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁next ▁year ▁joint ly ▁captured ▁Ca iz hou , ▁last ▁refuge ▁of ▁the |
▁Jin ▁em peror . ▁The ▁Jin ▁dynast y ▁col lapsed ▁that ▁year ▁in ▁ 1 2 3 4 . ▁After ▁the ▁dem ise ▁of ▁the ▁Jin , ▁the ▁Song ▁dynast y ▁itself ▁became ▁a ▁target ▁of ▁the ▁Mong ols , ▁and ▁col lapsed ▁in ▁ 1 2 7 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁wars ▁eng ender ed ▁an ▁era ▁of ▁swift ▁techn ological , ▁cultural , ▁and ▁dem ographic ▁changes ▁in ▁China . ▁Batt les ▁between ▁the ▁Song ▁and ▁Jin ▁brought ▁about ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁various ▁gun pow der ▁weapons . ▁The ▁sie ge ▁of ▁De ' an ▁in ▁ 1 1 3 2 ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁recorded ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁fire ▁lance , ▁an ▁early ▁ancest or ▁of ▁fire ar ms . ▁There ▁were ▁also ▁reports ▁of ▁batt les ▁fought ▁with ▁rud iment ary ▁gun pow der ▁bomb s ▁like ▁the ▁inc endi ary ▁hu op ao ▁or ▁the ▁expl oding ▁tie hu op ao , ▁inc endi ary ▁ar rows , ▁and ▁other ▁related ▁weapons . ▁In ▁northern ▁China , ▁J urch ens ▁were ▁the ▁r uling ▁minor ity ▁of ▁an ▁emp ire ▁pre domin antly ▁inhab ited ▁by ▁former ▁subjects ▁of ▁the ▁Song . ▁J urch en ▁migr ants ▁settled ▁in ▁the ▁conquer ed ▁territ ories ▁and ▁assim il ated ▁with ▁the ▁local ▁culture . ▁The ▁Jin , ▁a ▁con quest ▁dynast y , ▁ ▁instit uted ▁a ▁central ized ▁imperial ▁b ureau c racy ▁mode led ▁on ▁previous ▁Chinese ▁dynast ies , ▁bas ing ▁their ▁legit im acy ▁on ▁Conf |
u cian ▁philosophy . ▁Song ▁refuge es ▁from ▁the ▁north ▁res ett led ▁in ▁southern ▁China . ▁The ▁north ▁was ▁the ▁cultural ▁center ▁of ▁China , ▁and ▁its ▁con quest ▁by ▁the ▁Jin ▁dimin ished ▁the ▁regional ▁stat ure ▁of ▁the ▁Song ▁dynast y . ▁The ▁Southern ▁Song , ▁however , ▁quickly ▁returned ▁to ▁economic ▁prosper ity , ▁and ▁trade ▁with ▁the ▁Jin ▁was ▁luc r ative ▁despite ▁dec ades ▁of ▁war fare . ▁Lin ' an , ▁the ▁Southern ▁Song ▁capital , ▁expanded ▁into ▁a ▁major ▁city ▁for ▁commerce . ▁ ▁F rag ile ▁Song – J in ▁al liance ▁ ▁The ▁J urch ens ▁were ▁a ▁T ung us ic - spe aking ▁group ▁of ▁semi - agr arian ▁tribes ▁inhab iting ▁areas ▁of ▁n ortheast ▁Asia ▁that ▁are ▁now ▁part ▁of ▁N ortheast ▁China . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁J urch en ▁tribes ▁were ▁v ass als ▁of ▁the ▁L iao ▁dynast y ▁( 9 0 7 – 1 1 2 5 ), ▁an ▁emp ire ▁ruled ▁by ▁the ▁nom adic ▁Kh it ans ▁that ▁included ▁most ▁of ▁modern ▁Mong olia , ▁a ▁portion ▁of ▁North ▁China , ▁N ortheast ▁China , ▁northern ▁Korea , ▁and ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁Far ▁East . ▁To ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁L iao ▁lay ▁the ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁Song ▁Empire ▁( 9 6 0 – 1 2 7 6 ). ▁The ▁Song ▁and ▁L iao ▁were ▁at ▁peace , ▁but ▁since ▁a ▁military ▁defeat ▁to ▁the ▁L iao ▁in ▁ 1 0 0 5 , |
▁the ▁Song ▁paid ▁its ▁northern ▁neighbor ▁an ▁annual ▁in dem n ity ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁bol ts ▁of ▁sil k ▁and ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁ oun ces ▁of ▁silver . ▁Before ▁the ▁J urch ens ▁over th rew ▁the ▁Kh itan , ▁married ▁J urch en ▁women ▁and ▁J urch en ▁girls ▁were ▁ra ped ▁by ▁L iao ▁Kh itan ▁en vo ys ▁as ▁a ▁custom ▁which ▁caused ▁res ent ment ▁by ▁the ▁J urch ens ▁against ▁the ▁Kh itan . ▁Song ▁prin cess es ▁committed ▁suic ide ▁to ▁avoid ▁ra pe ▁or ▁were ▁killed ▁for ▁resist ing ▁ra pe ▁by ▁the ▁Jin . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 1 1 4 , ▁the ▁ch ie ft ain ▁W any an ▁Ag uda ▁( 1 0 6 8 – 1 1 2 3 ) ▁un ited ▁the ▁dispar ate ▁J urch en ▁tribes ▁and ▁led ▁a ▁revol t ▁against ▁the ▁L iao . ▁In ▁ 1 1 1 5 ▁he ▁named ▁himself ▁em peror ▁of ▁the ▁Jin ▁" g old en " ▁dynast y ▁( 1 1 1 5 – 1 2 3 4 ). ▁Inform ed ▁by ▁a ▁L iao ▁def ector ▁of ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁the ▁J urch en ▁u pr ising , ▁the ▁Song ▁em peror ▁Hu iz ong ▁( r . ▁ 1 1 0 0 – 1 1 2 7 ) ▁and ▁his ▁highest ▁military ▁commander ▁the ▁e un uch ▁T ong ▁Gu an ▁saw ▁the ▁L iao |
▁weak ness ▁as ▁an ▁opportunity ▁to ▁recover ▁the ▁Six teen ▁Pref ect ures , ▁a ▁line ▁of ▁fort ified ▁cities ▁and ▁passes ▁that ▁the ▁L iao ▁had ▁an nex ed ▁from ▁the ▁Sh atu o ▁Turk ▁Later ▁Jin ▁in ▁ 9 3 8 , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁Song ▁had ▁repeatedly ▁but ▁un success fully ▁tried ▁to ▁recon quer . ▁The ▁Song ▁thus ▁sought ▁an ▁al liance ▁with ▁the ▁Jin ▁against ▁their ▁common ▁enemy ▁the ▁L iao . ▁ ▁Because ▁the ▁land ▁routes ▁between ▁the ▁Song ▁and ▁Jin ▁were ▁controlled ▁by ▁the ▁L iao , ▁diplom atic ▁ex changes ▁had ▁to ▁occur ▁by ▁travel ing ▁across ▁the ▁Boh ai ▁Sea . ▁Neg oti ations ▁for ▁an ▁al liance ▁began ▁secret ly ▁under ▁the ▁pre ten se ▁that ▁the ▁Song ▁wanted ▁to ▁ac quire ▁horses ▁from ▁the ▁Kh it ans . ▁Song ▁diplom ats ▁tra ve led ▁to ▁the ▁Jin ▁court ▁to ▁meet ▁Ag uda ▁in ▁ 1 1 1 8 , ▁while ▁J urch en ▁en vo ys ▁arrived ▁in ▁the ▁Song ▁capital ▁Ka if eng ▁the ▁next ▁year . ▁At ▁the ▁beginning ▁the ▁two ▁sides ▁agreed ▁to ▁keep ▁whatever ▁L iao ▁territory ▁they ▁would ▁se ize ▁in ▁combat . ▁In ▁ 1 1 2 0 , ▁Ag uda ▁agreed ▁to ▁c ede ▁the ▁Six teen ▁Pref ect ures ▁to ▁the ▁Song ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁transfer ▁to ▁the ▁Jin ▁of ▁the ▁annual ▁trib ut ary ▁pay ments ▁that ▁the ▁Song ▁had ▁been ▁giving ▁the ▁L iao . ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 1 |
2 0 , ▁however , ▁the ▁J urch ens ▁had ▁seized ▁the ▁L iao ▁Supreme ▁Capital , ▁and ▁offered ▁the ▁Song ▁only ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁Six teen ▁Pref ect ures . ▁Among ▁other ▁things , ▁the ▁Jin ▁would ▁keep ▁the ▁L iao ▁Western ▁Capital ▁of ▁Dat ong ▁at ▁the ▁western ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁Six teen ▁Pref ect ures . ▁The ▁two ▁sides ▁agreed ▁that ▁the ▁Jin ▁would ▁now ▁attack ▁the ▁L iao ▁Central ▁Capital , ▁whereas ▁the ▁Song ▁would ▁se ize ▁the ▁L iao ▁Southern ▁Capital , ▁Yan j ing ▁( mod ern ▁day ▁Be ij ing ). ▁ ▁The ▁joint ▁attack ▁against ▁the ▁L iao ▁had ▁been ▁planned ▁for ▁ 1 1 2 1 , ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁res ch eduled ▁for ▁ 1 1 2 2 . ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 3 ▁of ▁that ▁year , ▁the ▁Jin ▁captured ▁the ▁L iao ▁Central ▁Capital ▁as ▁promised . ▁The ▁Song ▁delayed ▁their ▁entry ▁into ▁the ▁war ▁because ▁it ▁di vert ed ▁resources ▁to ▁fighting ▁the ▁Western ▁X ia ▁in ▁the ▁north west ▁and ▁suppress ing ▁a ▁large ▁popular ▁re bell ion ▁led ▁by ▁F ang ▁La ▁in ▁the ▁south . ▁When ▁a ▁Song ▁army ▁under ▁T ong ▁Gu an ' s ▁command ▁finally ▁attacked ▁Yan j ing ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 1 2 2 , ▁the ▁smaller ▁forces ▁of ▁the ▁weak ened ▁L iao ▁rep elled ▁the ▁inv aders ▁with ▁ease . ▁Another ▁attack ▁failed ▁in ▁the ▁fall . ▁Both ▁times , ▁T ong ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁retre at ▁back ▁to ▁Ka |
if eng . ▁After ▁the ▁first ▁attack , ▁Ag uda ▁changed ▁the ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁agreement ▁and ▁only ▁promised ▁Yan j ing ▁and ▁six ▁other ▁pre fect ures ▁to ▁the ▁Song . ▁In ▁early ▁ 1 1 2 3 ▁it ▁was ▁J urch en ▁forces ▁that ▁easily ▁took ▁the ▁L iao ▁Southern ▁Capital . ▁They ▁s ack ed ▁it ▁and ▁ens la ved ▁its ▁population . ▁ ▁The ▁quick ▁collapse ▁of ▁the ▁L iao ▁led ▁to ▁more ▁negoti ations ▁between ▁the ▁Song ▁and ▁the ▁Jin . ▁J urch en ▁military ▁success ▁and ▁their ▁effective ▁control ▁over ▁the ▁Six teen ▁Pref ect ures ▁gave ▁them ▁more ▁le verage . ▁Ag uda ▁grew ▁increasing ly ▁fr ustr ated ▁as ▁he ▁realized ▁that ▁despite ▁their ▁military ▁fail ures ▁the ▁Song ▁still ▁intended ▁to ▁se ize ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁pre fect ures . ▁In ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 1 1 2 3 ▁the ▁two ▁sides ▁finally ▁set ▁the ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Song – J in ▁treat y . ▁Only ▁seven ▁pre fect ures ▁( including ▁Yan j ing ) ▁would ▁be ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Song , ▁and ▁the ▁Song ▁would ▁pay ▁an ▁annual ▁in dem n ity ▁of ▁ 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁pack s ▁of ▁sil k ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁ta els ▁of ▁silver ▁to ▁the ▁Jin , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁one - time ▁payment ▁of ▁one ▁million ▁strings ▁of ▁co pper ▁co ins ▁to ▁compens ate ▁the ▁J urch ens ▁for ▁the ▁tax ▁re |
venue ▁they ▁would ▁have ▁earned ▁had ▁they ▁not ▁returned ▁the ▁pre fect ures . ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 1 2 3 ▁T ong ▁Gu an ▁and ▁the ▁Song ▁arm ies ▁entered ▁the ▁lo oted ▁Yan j ing . ▁ ▁War ▁against ▁the ▁Northern ▁Song ▁ ▁Col lapse ▁of ▁the ▁Song – J in ▁al liance ▁B are ly ▁one ▁month ▁after ▁the ▁Song ▁had ▁recovered ▁Yan j ing , ▁Z hang ▁J ue ▁( ), ▁who ▁had ▁served ▁as ▁military ▁governor ▁of ▁the ▁L iao ▁pre fect ure ▁of ▁P ing z hou ▁about ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁Yan j ing , ▁killed ▁the ▁main ▁Jin ▁official ▁in ▁that ▁city ▁and ▁turned ▁it ▁over ▁to ▁the ▁Song . ▁The ▁J urch ens ▁defeated ▁his ▁arm ies ▁a ▁few ▁months ▁later ▁and ▁Z hang ▁took ▁refuge ▁in ▁Yan j ing . ▁Even ▁though ▁the ▁Song ▁agreed ▁to ▁execute ▁him ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 1 2 3 , ▁this ▁incident ▁put ▁t ension ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁states , ▁because ▁the ▁ 1 1 2 3 ▁treat y ▁had ▁explicitly ▁forb idden ▁both ▁sides ▁from ▁har bor ing ▁def ectors . ▁In ▁ 1 1 2 4 , ▁Song ▁officials ▁further ▁anger ed ▁the ▁Jin ▁by ▁asking ▁for ▁the ▁c ession ▁of ▁nine ▁more ▁border ▁pre fect ures . ▁The ▁new ▁Jin ▁em peror ▁Ta iz ong ▁( r . ▁ 1 1 2 3 – 1 1 3 5 ), ▁Ag uda ' s ▁brother ▁and ▁successor , ▁hes itated , ▁but ▁war rior ▁princes ▁W |
any an ▁Z ong han ▁and ▁W any an ▁Z ong w ang ▁() ▁veh ement ly ▁refused ▁to ▁give ▁them ▁any ▁more ▁territory . ▁Ta iz ong ▁eventually ▁granted ▁two ▁pre fect ures , ▁but ▁by ▁then ▁the ▁Jin ▁leaders ▁were ▁ready ▁to ▁attack ▁their ▁southern ▁neighbor . ▁ ▁Before ▁they ▁could ▁in va de ▁the ▁Song , ▁the ▁J urch ens ▁reached ▁a ▁peace ▁agreement ▁with ▁their ▁western ▁neighb ors ▁the ▁Tang ut ▁Western ▁X ia ▁in ▁ 1 1 2 4 . ▁The ▁following ▁year ▁near ▁the ▁Ord os ▁Des ert , ▁they ▁captured ▁T ian zu o , ▁the ▁last ▁em peror ▁of ▁the ▁L iao , ▁putting ▁an ▁end ▁to ▁the ▁L iao ▁dynast y ▁for ▁good . ▁Re ady ▁to ▁end ▁their ▁al liance ▁with ▁the ▁Song , ▁the ▁J urch ens ▁began ▁prepar ations ▁for ▁an ▁invasion . ▁ ▁First ▁campaign ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 1 2 5 ▁Ta iz ong ▁ordered ▁his ▁arm ies ▁to ▁attack ▁the ▁Song . ▁The ▁defe ction ▁of ▁Z hang ▁J ue ▁two ▁years ▁earlier ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁cas us ▁bel li . ▁Two ▁arm ies ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁capture ▁the ▁major ▁cities ▁of ▁the ▁Song . ▁ ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Tai y uan ▁The ▁western ▁army , ▁led ▁by ▁W any an ▁Z ong han , ▁depart ed ▁from ▁Dat ong ▁and ▁head ed ▁towards ▁Tai y uan ▁through ▁the ▁mountains ▁of ▁Sh an xi , ▁on ▁its ▁way ▁to ▁the ▁Song ▁western ▁capital ▁Lu oy ang . ▁The |
▁Song ▁forces ▁were ▁not ▁expecting ▁an ▁invasion ▁and ▁were ▁caught ▁off ▁guard . ▁The ▁Chinese ▁general ▁T ong ▁Gu an ▁was ▁informed ▁of ▁the ▁military ▁expedition ▁by ▁an ▁en voy ▁he ▁had ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁Jin ▁to ▁obtain ▁the ▁c ession ▁of ▁two ▁pre fect ures . ▁The ▁returning ▁en voy ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁J urch ens ▁were ▁willing ▁to ▁for go ▁an ▁invasion ▁if ▁the ▁Song ▁c eded ▁control ▁of ▁Heb ei ▁and ▁Sh an xi ▁to ▁the ▁Jin . ▁T ong ▁Gu an ▁retre ated ▁from ▁Tai y uan ▁and ▁left ▁command ▁of ▁his ▁troops ▁to ▁Wang ▁B ing . ▁Jin ▁arm ies ▁bes ie ged ▁the ▁city ▁in ▁mid ▁January ▁ 1 1 2 6 . ▁Under ▁Wang ▁B ing ' s ▁command , ▁Tai y uan ▁held ▁on ▁long ▁enough ▁to ▁stop ▁the ▁J urch en ▁troops ▁from ▁adv ancing ▁to ▁Lu oy ang . ▁ ▁First ▁sie ge ▁of ▁Ka if eng ▁ ▁Meanwhile , ▁the ▁eastern ▁army , ▁commanded ▁by ▁W any an ▁Z ong w ang , ▁was ▁dispatch ed ▁towards ▁Yan j ing ▁( mod ern ▁Be ij ing ) ▁and ▁eventually ▁the ▁Song ▁capital ▁Ka if eng . ▁It ▁did ▁not ▁face ▁much ▁armed ▁opposition . ▁Z ong w ang ▁easily ▁took ▁Yan j ing , ▁where ▁Song ▁general ▁and ▁former ▁L iao ▁governor ▁Gu o ▁Ya oshi ▁() ▁switched ▁his ▁alleg ian ces ▁to ▁the ▁Jin . ▁When ▁the ▁Song ▁had ▁tried ▁to ▁rec laim ▁the ▁Six teen ▁Pref ect ures , ▁they |
▁had ▁faced ▁fier ce ▁resistance ▁from ▁the ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁population , ▁yet ▁when ▁the ▁J urch ens ▁inv aded ▁that ▁area , ▁the ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁did ▁not ▁opp ose ▁them ▁at ▁all . ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁December ▁ 1 1 2 5 , ▁the ▁Jin ▁army ▁had ▁seized ▁control ▁of ▁two ▁pre fect ures ▁and ▁re - est ab lished ▁J urch en ▁rule ▁over ▁the ▁Six teen ▁Pref ect ures . ▁The ▁eastern ▁army ▁was ▁near ing ▁Ka if eng ▁by ▁early ▁ 1 1 2 6 . ▁ ▁F ear ing ▁the ▁approaching ▁Jin ▁army , ▁Song ▁em peror ▁Hu iz ong ▁planned ▁to ▁retre at ▁south . ▁The ▁em peror ▁desert ing ▁the ▁capital ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁viewed ▁as ▁an ▁act ▁of ▁capit ulation , ▁so ▁court ▁officials ▁convinced ▁him ▁to ▁ab d icate . ▁There ▁were ▁few ▁ob jections . ▁Res cu ing ▁an ▁emp ire ▁in ▁crisis ▁from ▁destruction ▁was ▁more ▁important ▁than ▁pres erving ▁the ▁rit uals ▁of ▁imperial ▁inheritance . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 1 2 6 , ▁a ▁few ▁days ▁before ▁the ▁New ▁Year , ▁Hu iz ong ▁ab dic ated ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁his ▁son ▁and ▁was ▁dem oted ▁to ▁the ▁cer emon ial ▁role ▁of ▁Ret ired ▁Emperor . ▁The ▁J urch en ▁forces ▁reached ▁the ▁Y ellow ▁River ▁on ▁January ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 1 2 6 , ▁two ▁days ▁after ▁the ▁New ▁Year . ▁Hu iz ong ▁fled ▁Ka if eng ▁the ▁next ▁day , ▁esc aping ▁south |
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