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G ay , ▁born ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁micro bi ologist ▁of ▁Isra eli ▁origin . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁professor ▁of ▁In fect ious ▁D ise ases ▁in ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Medicine ▁at ▁University ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia , ▁V ancouver , ▁BC , ▁Canada . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁an ▁associate ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁department ▁of ▁micro bi ology ▁and ▁imm un ology ▁and ▁holds ▁an ▁adj unct ▁professor ship ▁at ▁the ▁medical ▁school ▁of ▁Ben - G ur ion ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁Neg ev , ▁Israel . ▁ ▁Education ▁Av - G ay ▁received ▁his ▁B Sc ▁in ▁Bi ology , ▁M Sc ▁in ▁Micro bi ology , ▁and ▁Ph D ▁in ▁Micro b ial ▁Gen et ics ▁– ▁all ▁from ▁Tel ▁Av iv ▁University , ▁Tel ▁Av iv , ▁Israel , ▁and ▁advanced ▁training ▁at ▁John ▁In nes ▁Institute , ▁Nor wich , ▁UK , ▁Albert ▁Ein stein ▁College ▁of ▁Medicine , ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia , ▁Department ▁of ▁Micro bi ology , ▁V ancouver , ▁Canada . ▁ ▁Research ▁work ▁A ▁micro bi ologist ▁by ▁training , ▁his ▁research ▁interests ▁lie ▁with ▁chron ic ▁lung ▁dise ases , ▁primarily ▁t uber cul osis ▁( TB ), ▁followed ▁by ▁n ont uber cul ous ▁my c ob acter ia ▁( NT M ) ▁dise ases . ▁He ▁expl ores ▁mole cular ▁events ▁that ▁govern ▁host - path ogen ▁interactions ▁and ▁the ▁ability ▁of ▁my c ob acter ia ▁to ▁block ▁the |
▁imm une ▁response ▁to ▁in fection . ▁Av - G ay ’ s ▁research ▁is ▁ge ared ▁towards ▁the ▁identification ▁and ▁character ization ▁of ▁novel ▁dru gs ▁and ▁drug ▁targets ▁in ▁My c ob acter ium ▁t uber cul osis .. ▁▁ ▁His ▁early ▁work ▁character ized ▁and ▁identified ▁my c oth i ol ▁( MS H ) ▁b ios yn th etic ▁path way ▁in ▁My c ob acter ia . ▁M tb ▁util izes ▁the ▁gl ut ath ione ’ s ▁( G SH ) ▁th i ol ▁anal ogs ▁my c oth i ol ▁and ▁erg oth ione ine ▁( EG T ) ▁to ▁neutral ize ▁x en obi ot ics ▁and ▁free ▁radical s . ▁His ▁research ▁group ▁further ▁demonstrated ▁that ▁M SH ▁is ▁a ▁key ▁cy top rote ct ant ▁in ▁M tb ▁and ▁E GT ▁has ▁a ▁role ▁in ▁pers istence ▁and ▁long - term ▁in fection ▁of ▁macro ph ages . ▁▁ ▁Av - G ay ’ s ▁most ▁significant ▁discovery ▁was ▁the ▁identification ▁and ▁character ization ▁of ▁P tp A , ▁a ▁protein ▁ph osph at ase ▁in ▁M tb ▁which ▁in hib its ▁the ▁normal ▁macro ph age ▁response ▁to ▁in fection . ▁ ▁Av - G ay ▁author ed ▁over ▁ 1 0 0 ▁peer ▁review ▁scientific ▁publications , ▁review ▁articles , ▁book ▁chap ters ▁and ▁ 1 5 ▁pat ents . ▁Av - G ay ▁served ▁as ▁an ▁editor ▁for ▁the ▁Journal ▁of ▁Bi ological ▁Chem istry ▁( 2 0 1 0 |
- 2 0 1 5 ), ▁and ▁on ▁scientific ▁advis ory ▁bo ards ▁of ▁several ▁bi ote chn ology ▁companies . ▁Av - G ay ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁scientific ▁review ▁pan els ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Instit utes ▁of ▁Health ▁Research ▁( M icro bi ology ▁and ▁In fect ious ▁D ise ase ▁( 2 0 0 9 - 2 0 1 6 ) ▁and ▁Foundation ▁and ▁Project ▁Gr ants ▁( 2 0 1 6 -) ▁, ▁the ▁French ▁Ag ence ▁nationale ▁de ▁la ▁recherche , ▁In nov ative ▁Medicine ▁In nov ations , ▁The ▁UK ▁welcome ▁Trust , ▁US ▁National ▁Instit utes ▁of ▁Health , ▁and ▁the ▁European ▁Commission ▁F P 6 , ▁F P 7 ▁and ▁Hor izon ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁programs . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁two ▁startup ▁companies : ▁En ox ▁Bi oph arma ▁and ▁the ▁NAS DA Q ▁trad ed ▁company ▁Advanced ▁In hal ation ▁Ther ap ies . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Pat ents ▁by ▁In vent or ▁Y os sef ▁Av - G ay ▁ ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁micro bi olog ists ▁Category : Is ra eli ▁micro bi olog ists ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Ben - G ur ion ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁Neg ev ▁fac ulty ▁Category : 1 9 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : T el ▁Av iv ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Al bert ▁Ein stein ▁College ▁of ▁Medicine ▁al |
umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁British ▁Columbia ▁al umn i ▁Category : Is ra eli ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁Canada <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁Evans ▁( born ▁ 1 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁ ▁Australian ▁rules ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁with ▁St ▁K ilda ▁in ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁Football ▁League ▁( V FL ). ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 5 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : Austral ian ▁rules ▁football ers ▁from ▁Victoria ▁( Austral ia ) ▁Category : St ▁K ilda ▁Football ▁Club ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁B am pton ▁Class ical ▁Opera ▁is ▁an ▁opera ▁company ▁based ▁in ▁B am pton , ▁Oxford shire ▁and ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁It ▁special ises ▁in ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁less er ▁known ▁opera ▁from ▁the ▁Class ical ▁period . ▁Perform ances ▁are ▁always ▁s ung ▁in ▁English . ▁ ▁History ▁B am pton ▁Class ical ▁Opera ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁by ▁its ▁current ▁art istic ▁direct ors , ▁G illy ▁French ▁and ▁Jer emy ▁Gray , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁perform ▁classical ▁period ▁opera ▁in ▁English . ▁It ▁works ▁with ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁conduct ors ▁and ▁ens emb les ▁and ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁a ▁permanent ▁music ▁director . ▁It ▁performs ▁with ▁both ▁modern ▁and ▁period ▁instrument ▁orch est ras ▁and ▁has ▁often ▁appeared ▁with ▁the ▁London ▁Moz art ▁Play ers ▁and ▁Ch rom a ▁Ens emble . ▁It ▁particularly ▁a ims ▁to |
▁provide ▁performances ▁for ▁young ▁sing ers . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁it ▁has ▁held ▁a ▁bien n ial ▁Young ▁Sing ers ' ▁Compet ition . ▁ ▁The ▁company ' s ▁st aged ▁opera ▁produ ctions ▁are ▁performed ▁in ▁a ▁garden ▁setting ▁in ▁B am pton ▁and ▁at ▁West on b irt ▁House , ▁the ▁prem ises ▁of ▁West on b irt ▁School , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁at ▁St ▁John ' s , ▁Smith ▁Square , ▁London . ▁From ▁time ▁to ▁time ▁it ▁t ours ▁to ▁other ▁UK ▁ven ues ▁and ▁festiv als , ▁which ▁have ▁included ▁the ▁W ig more ▁Hall ▁and ▁the ▁Pur cell ▁Room ▁in ▁London , ▁the ▁Bu xt on ▁Festival , ▁the ▁Ch el ten ham ▁Music ▁Festival ▁and ▁others . ▁In ▁addition , ▁occas ional ▁concert s ▁are ▁performed ▁including ▁an ▁annual ▁one ▁in ▁St ▁Mary ’ s ▁Church , ▁B am pton ▁usually ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁December , ▁with ▁other ▁concert s ▁in ▁Oxford ▁and ▁London . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁the ▁company ▁plans ▁to ▁perform ▁Paris ▁and ▁Helen ▁by ▁C ▁W ▁Gl uck . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁B am pton ▁Class ical ▁Opera ▁performed ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁première ▁of ▁The ▁Phil os opher ' s ▁Stone ▁( Der ▁Stein ▁der ▁We isen ), ▁a ▁s ings piel ▁by ▁E manuel ▁Sch ikan eder ▁composed ▁in ▁collaboration ▁with ▁Moz art , ▁Hen ne berg , ▁Sch ack , ▁and ▁Ger l . ▁In ▁ 2 0 |
0 4 , ▁it ▁gave ▁the ▁first ▁UK ▁st aged ▁performance ▁of ▁Sal ieri ' s ▁Fal st aff , ▁and ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁st aged ▁the ▁UK ▁première ▁of ▁Georg ▁B enda ' s ▁Rome o ▁and ▁Jul iet . ▁It ▁also ▁performed ▁the ▁Moz art ▁arrangement ▁of ▁Hand el ' s ▁A cis ▁and ▁Gal ate a . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁it ▁presented ▁the ▁UK ▁première ▁of ▁Leon ora ▁by ▁Ferd in ando ▁Pa er , ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁story ▁as ▁F idel io , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Le ▁P es cat r ici ▁( The ▁Fish er w omen ) ▁by ▁Hay dn . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁it ▁presented ▁the ▁UK ▁première ▁of ▁Mar cos ▁Portugal ' s ▁The ▁Mar riage ▁of ▁Fig aro ▁( 1 7 9 9 ), ▁and ▁The ▁Mas que ▁of ▁King ▁Alfred ▁and ▁The ▁Jud gment ▁of ▁Paris ▁by ▁Thomas ▁Ar ne . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁it ▁presented ▁more ▁performances ▁of ▁the ▁Ar ne ▁double - b ill ; ▁Il ▁par n aso ▁conf uso ▁by ▁Gl uck ; ▁The ▁Italian ▁Girl ▁in ▁London ▁( L ' ital iana ▁in ▁Lond ra ) ▁by ▁C imar osa , ▁first ▁performed ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 8 ; ▁and ▁The ▁Cho ice ▁of ▁Her cules ▁by ▁Hand el . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁it ▁presented ▁a ▁rev ival ▁of ▁Mar cos ▁Portugal ' |
s ▁The ▁Mar riage ▁of ▁Fig aro ▁and ▁new ▁produ ctions ▁of ▁L ' am ant ▁j al oux ▁( The ▁Je alous ▁L over ) ▁by ▁André ▁Gr é try ▁( 1 7 7 8 ) ▁and ▁Bla ise ▁le ▁sav et ier ▁( B la ise ▁the ▁C obb ler ) ▁( 1 7 5 9 ) ▁by ▁François - And ré ▁Dan ican ▁Phil idor . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁it ▁presented ▁a ▁new ▁production ▁of ▁Moz art ’ s ▁first ▁com ic ▁opera , ▁La ▁f inta ▁sem p lice ▁( 1 7 6 9 ), ▁in ▁a ▁new ▁English ▁translation , ▁P ride ▁and ▁P ret ence . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁it ▁revis ited ▁La ▁f inta ▁sem p lice ▁and ▁Gl uck ' s ▁Il ▁par n aso ▁conf uso , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁present ing ▁Or fe o ▁by ▁Ferd in ando ▁Bert oni . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁B am pton ▁Class ical ▁Opera ▁performed ▁Sal ieri ' s ▁Tro f onio ' s ▁C ave . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁it ▁st aged ▁a ▁double ▁bill ▁called ▁the ▁Div ine ▁Com ed ies ▁featuring ▁Ar ne ' s ▁The ▁Jud g ement ▁of ▁Paris ▁and , ▁a ▁UK ▁première , ▁Gl uck ' s ▁Ph ile mon ▁and ▁Bau cis ▁- ▁an ▁English ▁translation ▁of ▁part ▁two ▁of ▁Le ▁f este ▁d ' A pol lo . ▁In ▁ 2 0 |
1 7 , ▁it ▁presented ▁the ▁UK ▁première ▁of ▁The ▁School ▁of ▁Je alous y ▁by ▁Sal ieri . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁it ▁presented ▁another ▁UK ▁première , ▁Is ou ard ' s ▁C inder ella , ▁and ▁Men otti ' s ▁Ama hl ▁and ▁the ▁Night ▁Vis itors . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁it ▁performed ▁B ride ▁and ▁Glo om ▁( G li ▁sp osi ▁mal content i ) ▁by ▁Stephen ▁St or ace ▁in ▁an ▁English ▁translation ▁by ▁Brian ▁T row ell . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁ever ▁UK ▁production ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁nominated ▁in ▁the ▁Red isc over ed ▁Work ▁category ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Opera ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁Pat rons ▁ ▁The ▁company ' s ▁pat rons ▁are ▁Bon av ent ura ▁B ott one , ▁Brian ▁Kay , ▁Sir ▁Roger ▁Nor r ington , ▁Andrew ▁Par rott , ▁Sir ▁David ▁P ount ney , ▁Sir ▁Curt is ▁Price ▁and ▁Jean ▁R ig by . ▁D ame ▁Fel icity ▁L ott , ▁the ▁late ▁Sir ▁Charles ▁Mack err as ▁and ▁the ▁late ▁Sir ▁Philip ▁Led ger ▁were ▁also ▁pat rons , ▁as ▁was ▁the ▁R t ▁Hon ▁David ▁Camer on , ▁in ▁whose ▁former ▁Wit ney ▁constitu ency ▁B am pton ▁lies . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Jones , ▁Roger , ▁Review ▁of ▁Thomas ▁Ar ne ' s ▁Mas que ▁of ▁King ▁Alfred ▁and ▁The ▁Jud gment ▁of ▁Paris , ▁Music Web ▁International ▁ 7 ▁November ▁ 2 0 |
1 0 ▁( access ed ▁ 2 9 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁Church , ▁Michael , ▁Review ▁of ▁B enda ' s ▁Rome o ▁and ▁Jul iet ▁at ▁B am pton ▁Class ical ▁Opera , ▁The ▁Independent ▁ 2 0 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁( access ed ▁ 2 2 ▁April ▁ 2 0 2 0 ) ▁T anner , ▁Michael , ▁Review ▁of ▁A cis ▁and ▁Gal ate a , ▁Spect ator ▁ 2 4 ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁( access ed ▁ 2 2 ▁April ▁ 2 0 2 0 ) ▁Por ter , ▁Andrew , ▁Review ▁of ▁Martín ▁y ▁Sol er ' s ▁La ▁sc uola ▁dei ▁mar it ati ▁at ▁B am pton ▁Class ical ▁Opera , ▁The ▁Times ▁ 1 8 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁( access ed ▁ 2 2 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁Th ick nes se , ▁Robert , ▁Review ▁of ▁P ais iel lo ' s ▁The ▁Bar ber ▁of ▁Se ville ▁at ▁B am pton ▁Class ical ▁Opera , ▁The ▁Times ▁ 2 1 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁( access ed ▁ 2 2 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁Th ick nes se , ▁Robert , ▁Review ▁of ▁French ▁double ▁bill , ▁B am pton ▁Opera , ▁Oxford ▁Times ▁ 2 6 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁( access ed ▁ 2 3 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁C og hl an , ▁Alex |
andra , ▁Sal ieri ' s ▁Re ven ge ▁Spect ator ▁ 2 5 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁( access ed ▁ 1 7 ▁April ▁ 2 0 2 0 ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁B am pton ▁Class ical ▁Opera ▁website ▁ ▁Category : B rit ish ▁opera ▁companies ▁Category : Oper a ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : Oper a ▁in ▁London ▁Category : Oper a ▁festiv als ▁Category : Class ical ▁music ▁festiv als ▁in ▁England ▁Category : Music ▁festiv als ▁in ▁Oxford shire ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Category : 1 9 9 3 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁England <0x0A> </s> ▁Nicholas ▁Joseph ▁Or ville ▁Liverpool ▁( 9 ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁– ▁ 1 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁politician ▁and ▁jur ist ▁from ▁Domin ica ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁sixth ▁President ▁of ▁Domin ica ▁from ▁ 2 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁to ▁ 1 7 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁Liverpool ▁entered ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁H ull ▁and ▁obtained ▁an ▁LL . B ▁( H ons .) ▁degree ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁called ▁to ▁the ▁bar ▁at ▁Inner ▁Temple ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 . ▁He ▁received ▁a ▁Ph . D ▁degree ▁from ▁University ▁of ▁She ff ield ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁After ▁returning ▁to ▁the ▁Car ib bean , ▁he |
▁spent ▁ 1 8 ▁years ▁as ▁a ▁law ▁lect urer ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁Ind ies ▁in ▁Barb ados ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁became ▁de an ▁of ▁its ▁law ▁school . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁regional ▁judge ▁and ▁then ▁an ▁appeal ▁court ▁judge ▁in ▁several ▁countries ▁in ▁the ▁Car ib bean ▁including ▁Bel ize ▁and ▁Gren ada . ▁He ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁high ▁court ▁judge ▁in ▁Ant igua ▁and ▁Mont ser rat ▁and ▁served ▁on ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁trib un als ▁and ▁comm issions ▁for ▁legal ▁reform . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁he ▁was ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁constitution al ▁review ▁commission ▁for ▁Gren ada . ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁H ull ▁awarded ▁him ▁a ▁degree ▁of ▁Doctor ▁of ▁La ws ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Liverpool ▁became ▁Amb assador ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁serving ▁in ▁that ▁capacity ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁as ▁elected ▁president , ▁Liverpool ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Domin ica ▁Award ▁of ▁Hon our . ▁Between ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁he ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁UN ES CO ▁gover ning ▁board . ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁he ▁agreed ▁to ▁serve ▁a ▁second ▁term ▁as ▁President ▁upon ▁the ▁exp iration ▁of ▁his ▁first ▁term , ▁following ▁a ▁joint ▁nom ination ▁by ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Ro ose vel t ▁S ker rit ▁and ▁O pp |
osition ▁Le ader ▁Earl ▁Williams . ▁ ▁Nicholas ▁Liverpool ▁died ▁on ▁ 1 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁in ▁Miami , ▁Florida , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁receiving ▁medical ▁treatment . ▁He ▁was ▁ 8 0 ▁years ▁old . ▁ ▁National ▁hon ours ▁ ▁Domin ica ▁Award ▁of ▁Hon our ▁ ▁Foreign ▁hon ours ▁▁▁▁ ▁Two ▁Sic ilian ▁Royal ▁Family : ▁Knight ▁Grand ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Two ▁Sic ilian ▁Royal ▁Sac red ▁Military ▁Constantin ian ▁Order ▁of ▁Saint ▁George , ▁Special ▁Class ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Note ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁President ' s ▁Office , ▁Commonwealth ▁of ▁Domin ica ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁H ull ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁She ff ield ▁Category : Am b ass adors ▁of ▁Domin ica ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : D omin ica ▁jud ges ▁on ▁the ▁courts ▁of ▁Ant igua ▁and ▁Barb uda ▁Category : D omin ica ▁jud ges ▁on ▁the ▁courts ▁of ▁Bel ize ▁Category : D omin ica ▁jud ges ▁on ▁the ▁courts ▁of ▁Gren ada ▁Category : D omin ica ▁jud ges ▁on ▁the ▁courts ▁of ▁Mont ser rat ▁Category : D omin ica ▁law y ers ▁Category : K n ights ▁of ▁the ▁Sac red ▁Military ▁Constantin ian ▁Order ▁of ▁Saint ▁George ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Saint ▁Patrick ▁Par ish , ▁Domin ica ▁Category : Pres idents ▁of ▁Domin |
ica <0x0A> </s> ▁Louis ▁" Lou " ▁Ott en ▁( Nov ember ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 8 8 3 ▁in ▁R ij sw ijk ▁– ▁November ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁in ▁The ▁H ague ) ▁was ▁a ▁Dutch ▁football ▁( s occer ) ▁player ▁who ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Dutch ▁team , ▁which ▁won ▁the ▁bronze ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁football ▁tournament . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁profile ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 6 ▁death s ▁Category : D utch ▁football ers ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁football ers ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁bronze ▁medal ists ▁for ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : N ether lands ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁R ij sw ijk ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁medal ists ▁in ▁football ▁ ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ers ▁not ▁categor ized ▁by ▁position <0x0A> </s> ▁Claude ▁Roy ▁( born ▁April ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁in ▁Mont mag ny , ▁Quebec ) ▁is ▁a ▁politician ▁from ▁Quebec , ▁Canada . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁Action ▁dém ocrat ique ▁du ▁Québec ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Assembly ▁for ▁the ▁elect oral ▁district ▁of ▁Mont mag ny - L ' Is |
let ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁Roy ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ott awa ▁in ▁law ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁complete ▁his ▁degree . ▁He ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁sales ▁representative ▁for ▁several ▁companies ▁including ▁an ▁autom obile ▁business ▁and ▁several ▁ph arma ce ut ical ▁companies . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁host ▁for ▁an ▁out door ▁and ▁fish ing ▁television ▁show ▁and ▁founded ▁a ▁local ▁fish ing ▁company ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁local ▁nature ▁bout ique . ▁He ▁also ▁worked ▁for ▁Tele - Mag ▁Inc ▁as ▁a ▁host ▁and ▁market ing ▁representative . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁Federation ▁qu éb é co ise ▁de ▁la ▁fa une ▁and ▁the ▁F ond ation ▁de ▁la ▁fa une ▁du ▁Québec ▁as ▁a ▁volunte er . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁first ▁elected ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁election ▁with ▁ 4 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁ ▁Liberal ▁inc umb ent ▁Nor bert ▁Mor in , ▁finished ▁second ▁with ▁ 3 8 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁ ▁Roy ▁took ▁office ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁campaign , ▁Roy , ▁who ▁once ▁produced ▁and ▁hosted ▁a ▁TV ▁show ▁about ▁hunting ▁and ▁fish ing , ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁federal ▁fire ar ms ▁registry ▁should ▁be ▁abol ished . ▁ ▁His ▁leader ▁Mario ▁Dum ont ▁quickly ▁indicated ▁that ▁Roy ▁had ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁have ▁his ▁personal ▁opinion , ▁but ▁that ▁the ▁AD Q ▁wants ▁the ▁registry |
▁to ▁be ▁kept . ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : Action ▁dém ocrat ique ▁du ▁Québec ▁M N As ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Mont mag ny , ▁Quebec ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Canadian ▁polit icians <0x0A> </s> ▁Ser gi y ▁St akh ov sky ▁was ▁the ▁def ending ▁champion ▁but ▁was ▁elimin ated ▁by ▁Éd ou ard ▁Roger - V ass elin ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round . ▁Fel ic iano ▁López ▁won ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁ 6 – 3 , ▁ 6 – 4 , ▁against ▁Ad rian ▁Mann ar ino . ▁ ▁Se eds ▁ ▁Draw ▁ ▁Final ▁four ▁ ▁Top ▁half ▁ ▁B ottom ▁half ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Main ▁Draw ▁ ▁Qual ifying ▁Draw ▁ ▁Singles ▁Category : Open ▁Cast illa ▁y ▁León ▁singles <0x0A> </s> ▁Hans ▁Con rad ▁Julius ▁Re iter ▁( F ebru ary ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁– ▁November ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁Naz i ▁phys ician ▁and ▁war ▁criminal ▁who ▁conducted ▁medical ▁experiments ▁at ▁the ▁Buch en wald ▁concentration ▁camp . ▁He ▁wrote ▁a ▁book ▁on ▁" ra cial ▁h yg iene " ▁called ▁Deutsch es ▁Gold , ▁Ges undes ▁Leben ▁- ▁Fro hes ▁Sch affen . ▁ ▁Re iter ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Re ud nitz , ▁near ▁Leipzig ▁in ▁the ▁German ▁Empire . ▁He ▁studied ▁medicine ▁at ▁Leipzig ▁and ▁Bres lau ▁( |
now ▁W roc ław ), ▁and ▁received ▁a ▁doctor ate ▁from ▁T üb ingen ▁on ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁t uber cul osis . ▁After ▁receiving ▁his ▁doctor ate , ▁he ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁study ▁at ▁the ▁h yg iene ▁inst itute ▁in ▁Berlin , ▁the ▁P aste ur ▁Institute ▁in ▁Paris ▁and ▁St . ▁Mary ' s ▁Hospital ▁in ▁London , ▁where ▁he ▁worked ▁with ▁Sir ▁Al m ro th ▁Wright ▁for ▁two ▁years . ▁Re iter ▁was ▁also ▁known ▁for ▁implementing ▁strict ▁anti - sm oking ▁laws ▁in ▁Naz i ▁Germany . ▁ ▁First ▁World ▁War ▁During ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁Re iter ▁worked ▁first ▁as ▁a ▁German ▁military ▁phys ician ▁on ▁the ▁Western ▁Front ▁in ▁France . ▁While ▁there , ▁he ▁c ared ▁for ▁several ▁soldiers ▁suffering ▁from ▁We il ' s ▁disease , ▁and ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁notable ▁discovery ▁that ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁caus ative ▁b acter ia ▁were ▁Le pt os pi ra ▁ic ter oh a emor rh ag ica , ▁which ▁had ▁el ud ed ▁culture ▁methods ▁and ▁identification ▁by ▁other ▁scient ists ▁ever ▁since ▁that ▁disease ▁had ▁been ▁recognized ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 6 . ▁Later , ▁after ▁being ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁B alk ans , ▁where ▁he ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Hung arian ▁Army , ▁he ▁reported ▁a ▁German ▁lieutenant ▁with ▁non - gon oc oc cal ▁u re th rit is , ▁ar th rit is , ▁and ▁u ve itis ▁that ▁developed ▁two ▁days ▁after ▁a ▁di arr he al |
▁ill ness ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁prot ract ed ▁course ▁with ▁rela ps es ▁over ▁several ▁months . ▁The ▁combination ▁of ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁elements , ▁u re th rit is ▁and ▁ar th rit is , ▁had ▁been ▁recognized ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁century , ▁and ▁the ▁tri ad ▁had ▁first ▁been ▁reported ▁by ▁Sir ▁Benjamin ▁Collins ▁Bro die , ▁an ▁English ▁sur geon ▁who ▁lived ▁from ▁ 1 7 8 3 ▁to ▁ 1 8 6 2 . ▁Se par ately ▁from ▁Re iter , ▁the ▁tri ad ▁was ▁also ▁reported ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁by ▁F i ess inger ▁and ▁L ero y . ▁Re iter ▁thought ▁he ▁saw ▁a ▁sp iro ch ete ▁which ▁he ▁called ▁Tre pon ema ▁for ans , ▁related ▁to ▁but ▁distinct ▁from ▁Tre pon ema ▁p all id um , ▁the ▁caus ative ▁agent ▁of ▁sy ph ilis , ▁and ▁err one ously ▁thought ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁cause , ▁calling ▁the ▁disease ▁S pi ro cha et osis ▁Ar th rit ica . ▁The ▁error ▁probably ▁was ▁influenced ▁by ▁his ▁previous ▁discovery ▁of ▁Le pt os pi ra ▁ic ter oh a emor rh ag ica , ▁and ▁by ▁his ▁work ▁on ▁Tre pon ema ▁p all id um ▁that ▁later ▁enabled ▁others ▁to ▁develop ▁the ▁" Re iter ▁Com plement ▁Fix ation ▁Test " ▁for ▁sy ph ilis . ▁Nevertheless , ▁the ▁e pon ym ▁Re iter ' s ▁synd rome ▁was ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁disease ▁he ▁described , ▁and |
▁the ▁synd rome ▁became ▁widely ▁known ▁by ▁that ▁name . ▁▁ 1 9 1 8 – 1 9 3 9 ▁After ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁Re iter ▁became ▁chief ▁of ▁the ▁h yg iene ▁department ▁at ▁Rost ock . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁political ▁man , ▁and ▁an ▁enthus i astic ▁supp orter ▁of ▁the ▁Naz i ▁regime . ▁His ▁career ▁was ▁further ▁boost ed ▁when , ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 2 , ▁he ▁signed ▁an ▁o ath ▁of ▁alleg iance ▁to ▁Adolf ▁Hitler . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁made ▁department ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Kaiser ▁Wilhelm ▁Institute ▁of ▁Ex perimental ▁Ther apy . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁his ▁meteor ic ▁rise ▁continued ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁made ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁health ▁department ▁of ▁Me ck len berg - Sch wer in ▁and ▁received ▁an ▁honor ary ▁professor ship ▁in ▁Berlin . ▁With ▁Johann ▁Bre ger , ▁he ▁wrote ▁a ▁book ▁on ▁ra cial ▁h yg iene ▁called ▁Deutsch es ▁Gold , ▁Ges undes ▁Leben ▁— ▁Fro hes ▁Sch affen ▁(" G erman ▁Gold , ▁Health y ▁Life ▁— ▁Glad ▁Work "). ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁strong ▁supp orter ▁of ▁Hitler ' s ▁anti - sm oking ▁campaign , ▁considered ▁med ically ▁progress ive ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁Re iter ▁was ▁a ▁tal ented ▁teacher ▁who ▁was ▁popular ▁with ▁his ▁students . ▁ ▁Second ▁World ▁War ▁ ▁Re iter ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Schutz st aff el ▁( SS ) ▁during ▁World ▁War |
▁II ▁and ▁participated ▁in ▁medical ▁experiments ▁performed ▁by ▁the ▁Naz is . ▁After ▁the ▁Naz is ▁were ▁defeated , ▁he ▁was ▁arrested ▁by ▁the ▁Red ▁Army ▁in ▁Soviet ▁Union - occup ied ▁Germany ▁and ▁tried ▁at ▁N ure m berg . ▁During ▁his ▁det ention , ▁he ▁admitted ▁to ▁knowledge ▁of ▁invol unt ary ▁ster il ization , ▁e uth anas ia , ▁and ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁mental ▁hospital ▁patients ▁in ▁his ▁function ▁as ▁the ▁gather er ▁of ▁statistics ▁and ▁acting ▁as ▁" quality ▁control " ▁officer , ▁and ▁to ▁helping ▁design ▁and ▁implement ▁an ▁explicitly ▁criminal ▁undert aking ▁at ▁Buch en wald ▁concentration ▁camp , ▁in ▁which ▁inter ne es ▁were ▁in oc ulated ▁with ▁an ▁experimental ▁ty ph us ▁v acc ine , ▁resulting ▁in ▁over ▁ 2 0 0 ▁death s . ▁He ▁gained ▁an ▁early ▁release ▁from ▁his ▁intern ment , ▁possibly ▁because ▁he ▁assist ed ▁the ▁Al lies ▁with ▁his ▁knowledge ▁of ▁germ ▁war fare . ▁ ▁Later ▁life ▁After ▁his ▁release , ▁Re iter ▁went ▁back ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁medicine ▁and ▁research ▁in ▁r he um at ology . ▁He ▁died ▁at ▁age ▁ 8 8 , ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁at ▁his ▁country ▁estate ▁in ▁K ass el - Wil helm sh ö he . ▁ ▁Cont ro vers y ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁do ctors ▁began ▁a ▁campaign ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁term ▁" Re iter ' s ▁synd rome " ▁with ▁" re |
active ▁ar th rit is ". ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁Re iter ' s ▁war ▁cr imes , ▁they ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁not ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁synd rome , ▁nor ▁were ▁his ▁conclus ions ▁correct ▁regarding ▁its ▁path ogen esis . ▁Re iter ▁incorrectly ▁concluded ▁that ▁the ▁tri ad ▁of ▁conj unct iv itis , ▁u re th rit is , ▁and ▁non - gon oc oc cal ▁ar th rit is ▁was ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁a ▁sp iro ch etal ▁in fection ▁and ▁proposed ▁the ▁name ▁" S pi ro cha et osis ▁ar th ros is ". ▁ ▁The ▁group ▁of ▁do ctors ▁was ▁joined ▁by ▁Dr . ▁E ph ra im ▁Eng le man , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁authors ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁English - language ▁journal ▁article ▁that ▁used ▁the ▁term ▁" Re iter ' s ▁synd rome ," ▁who ▁was ▁still ▁pract icing ▁ 6 5 ▁years ▁later ▁and ▁had ▁been ▁una ware ▁of ▁his ▁Naz i ▁connections ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁he ▁suggested ▁the ▁e pon ym . ▁The ▁campaign ▁gradually ▁gained ▁momentum , ▁and ▁the ▁term ▁" Re iter ' s ▁synd rome " ▁has ▁become ▁increasing ly ▁an ach ron istic ▁and ▁has ▁fallen ▁out ▁of ▁favor . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Biography ▁and ▁photograph ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁death s ▁Category : G erman ▁military ▁do ctors ▁Category : N azi ▁phys icians ▁Category : Pe ople ▁conv icted ▁by |
▁the ▁United ▁States ▁N ure m berg ▁Military ▁Trib un als ▁Category : G erman ▁prisoners ▁of ▁war ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : N azi ▁human ▁subject ▁research ▁Category : B uch en wald ▁concentration ▁camp ▁personnel ▁Category : G erman ▁r he um at olog ists <0x0A> </s> ▁Paul ius ▁Val in sk as ▁( born ▁ 9 ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 5 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Lith uan ian ▁professional ▁basketball ▁player ▁for ▁L iet k abel is ▁P ane v ė ž ys ▁of ▁the ▁Lith uan ian ▁Basketball ▁League . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 . 9 1 ▁m ▁( 6 ' 3 ") ▁tall ▁com bo ▁guard . ▁ ▁Early ▁career ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁season ▁with ▁BC ▁Ž alg ir is - 2 , ▁Val in sk as ▁won ▁the ▁National ▁Basketball ▁League ▁silver ▁med als ▁losing ▁to ▁BC ▁S ū du va ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁He ▁aver aged ▁ 1 4 . 5 ▁points ▁and ▁ 3 . 2 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁ 2 9 ▁minutes ▁of ▁action ▁and ▁got ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁Most ▁Im pro ved ▁Player ▁Award . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁ ▁After ▁a ▁break out ▁season ▁with ▁Ž alg ir is - 2 , ▁Val in sk as ▁was ▁invited ▁into ▁the ▁main ▁Ž alg ir is ▁team ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁During ▁his ▁first ▁two ▁years |
, ▁he ▁saw ▁little ▁playing ▁time . ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁season , ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 4 . 7 ▁points ▁in ▁the ▁L K L ▁and ▁ 2 . 8 ▁points ▁in ▁the ▁Euro le ague . ▁On ▁November ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁during ▁an ▁away ▁game ▁against ▁C SK A ▁Moscow , ▁Val in sk as ▁scored ▁a ▁career ▁high ▁ 1 1 ▁points , ▁making ▁ 3 ▁of ▁his ▁ 4 ▁three - pointer s . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Val in sk as ▁was ▁loan ed ▁to ▁L iet k abel is ▁P ane v ė ž ys . ▁In ▁ 5 5 ▁games ▁played ▁during ▁the ▁season ▁( both ▁in ▁the ▁L K L ▁and ▁the ▁Champions ▁League ), ▁Val in sk as ▁aver aged ▁ 1 1 . 9 ▁points , ▁ 3 . 3 ▁ass ists ▁and ▁ 2 . 6 ▁reb ounds , ▁shooting ▁ 4 6 % ▁from ▁the ▁field ▁overall . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁he ▁went ▁on ▁loan ▁to ▁French ▁club ▁Or lé ans ▁Lo ire t ▁B asket ▁of ▁the ▁L NB ▁Pro ▁A . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Paul ius ▁Val in sk as ▁at ▁euro le ague . net ▁ ▁Paul ius ▁Val in sk as ▁at ▁L K L . lt ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁birth |
s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : BC ▁L iet k abel is ▁players ▁Category : BC ▁Ž alg ir is ▁players ▁Category : BC ▁Ž alg ir is - 2 ▁players ▁Category : L ith uan ian ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁players ▁Category : O rl é ans ▁Lo ire t ▁B asket ▁players ▁Category : Point ▁gu ards ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Ka unas <0x0A> </s> ▁Lee ▁David ▁How ells ▁( born ▁ 1 4 ▁October ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁footballer ▁and ▁current ▁manager ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁mid f iel der ▁for ▁Br istol ▁Ro vers ▁and ▁Ch el ten ham ▁Town ▁in ▁the ▁Football ▁League . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁manager ▁of ▁Conference ▁South ▁side ▁Bath ▁City ▁FC ▁between ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁As ▁assistant ▁manager , ▁he ▁helped ▁them ▁gain ▁promotion ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 – 1 0 ▁season . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : English ▁football ers ▁Category : Eng land ▁semi - pro ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : B rist ol ▁Ro vers ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Ch el ten ham ▁Town ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Mer th yr ▁T yd fil ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : M ang ots field ▁United ▁F . C |
. ▁players ▁Category : C le ved on ▁Town ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : National ▁League ▁( English ▁football ) ▁players ▁Category : M ang ots field ▁United ▁F . C . ▁man agers ▁Category : B ath ▁City ▁F . C . ▁man agers ▁Category : English ▁football ▁man agers <0x0A> </s> ▁Roger ▁Wayne ▁Marshall ▁( born ▁August ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 0 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁politician ▁and ▁obst et ric ian ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁for ▁. ▁The ▁district , ▁popular ly ▁known ▁as ▁" the ▁Big ▁First ," ▁is ▁a ▁vast ▁and ▁mostly ▁rural ▁district ▁stretch ing ▁across ▁all ▁or ▁part ▁of ▁ 6 3 ▁count ies – near ly ▁half ▁the ▁state ' s ▁land mass – and ▁is ▁the ▁sevent h - larg est ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁nation ▁that ▁does ▁not ▁cover ▁an ▁entire ▁state . ▁▁ ▁He ▁was ▁first ▁elected ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁the ▁Dean ▁of ▁Kansas ' s ▁House ▁De leg ation . ▁On ▁September ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁he ▁announced ▁his ▁bid ▁for ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Senate ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁for ▁the ▁seat ▁being ▁vac ated ▁by ▁Pat ▁Roberts . ▁Marshall ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party . ▁ ▁Pre - polit ical ▁life ▁Marshall ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁El ▁Dor ado , ▁Kansas . ▁He ▁attended ▁Butler ▁Community ▁College ▁before |
▁att ending ▁Kansas ▁State ▁University , ▁where ▁he ▁received ▁a ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁bio chem istry . ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁Doctor ▁of ▁Medicine ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Kansas . ▁He ▁completed ▁a ▁res iden cy ▁in ▁obst et rics ▁and ▁gy ne col ogy ▁at ▁Bay front ▁Medical ▁Center ▁in ▁St . ▁Petersburg , ▁Florida . ▁ ▁Marshall ▁has ▁served ▁as ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Great ▁B end ▁Regional ▁Hospital ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁district ▁governor ▁of ▁Rot ary ▁International . ▁He ▁also ▁served ▁seven ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Reserve ▁reaching ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁captain . ▁ ▁U . S . ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁campaign ▁Marshall ▁ran ▁against ▁inc umb ent ▁Tim ▁H uel sk amp ▁in ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party ▁primary ▁election ▁for ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives . ▁Marshall ▁ran ▁with ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁state ' s ▁agricult ural ▁groups , ▁who ▁were ▁anger ed ▁at ▁H uel sk amp ▁losing ▁his ▁seat ▁on ▁the ▁House ▁Agricult ure ▁Committee , ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁century ▁that ▁a ▁K ans an ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁on ▁that ▁panel . ▁H uel sk amp ' s ▁campaign ▁said ▁that ▁Marshall ▁had ▁attacked ▁a ▁neighbor ▁with ▁his ▁tr uck . ▁Marshall ▁charged ▁with ▁two ▁off enses . ▁Marshall ▁p led ▁guilty ▁to ▁the ▁less er ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁charges . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Marshall ▁defeated ▁H uel sk |
amp ▁in ▁the ▁Republican ▁primary , ▁ 5 6 ▁percent ▁to ▁ 4 4 ▁percent . ▁No ▁Dem ocrat ▁even ▁file d ▁to ▁run . ▁However , ▁any ▁Democratic ▁candidate ▁would ▁have ▁faced ▁nearly ▁impossible ▁odd s . ▁The ▁district ▁had ▁a ▁Cook ▁Part isan ▁V oting ▁Index ▁of ▁R + 2 4 , ▁tied ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 th - most ▁Republican ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁nation , ▁and ▁the ▁Democr ats ▁had ▁only ▁gar ner ed ▁as ▁much ▁as ▁ 3 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁vote ▁twice ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁general ▁election , ▁Marshall ▁won ▁hand ily , ▁defe ating ▁independent ▁Alan ▁La Pol ice ▁and ▁Libert arian ▁Ker ry ▁B urt ▁with ▁ 6 5 . 9 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁ ▁Marshall ' s ▁candid acy ▁was ▁end ors ed ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce , ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Liv est ock ▁Association , ▁the ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁Whe at ▁G row ers , ▁and ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Farm ▁Bureau , ▁an ▁affili ate ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Farm ▁Bureau ▁Federation . ▁ ▁Ten ure ▁Marshall ▁was ▁sw orn ▁into ▁office ▁on ▁January ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁both ▁the ▁conserv ative ▁Republican ▁Study ▁Committee ▁ ▁and ▁the ▁moder ate ▁Republican ▁Main ▁Street ▁Part ners hip ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Cong r essional ▁Western ▁C au cus . ▁ ▁Committee ▁assign ments ▁ ▁Committee ▁on ▁Agricult ure ▁Sub |
comm ittee ▁on ▁Com mod ity ▁Ex changes , ▁Energy , ▁and ▁Cred it ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁N ut r ition ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁Liv est ock ▁and ▁Foreign ▁Agricult ure ▁Committee ▁on ▁Science , ▁Space , ▁and ▁Technology ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁O vers ight ▁( V ice ▁Chair ) ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁Research ▁and ▁Technology ▁Committee ▁on ▁Small ▁Business ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁Health ▁and ▁Technology ▁Sub comm ittee ▁on ▁Cont ract ing ▁and ▁Work force ▁ ▁Senate ▁campaign ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 ; ▁Marshall ▁announced ▁he ▁would ▁give ▁up ▁his ▁House ▁seat ▁and ▁run ▁for ▁the ▁Senate ▁seat ▁being ▁vac ated ▁by ▁four - term ▁fellow ▁Republican ▁Pat ▁Roberts . ▁Marshall ▁was ▁attempting ▁to ▁follow ▁in ▁the ▁foot steps ▁of ▁three ▁previous ▁con gress men ▁from ▁the ▁" Big ▁First " – Bob ▁D ole , ▁Jerry ▁Mor an ▁and ▁Roberts . ▁Due ▁to ▁its ▁vast ▁size ▁( it ▁covers ▁half ▁the ▁state ' s ▁land mass , ▁two ▁time ▁zones ▁and ▁three ▁television ▁mark ets ), ▁the ▁ 1 st ' s ▁con gress man ▁is ▁usually ▁reck oned ▁as ▁a ▁state wide ▁political ▁figure . ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Kansas ▁G OP ▁chairman , ▁Mike ▁K uk el man , ▁fear ing ▁a ▁K ris ▁Kob ach ▁victory ▁in ▁the ▁primary , ▁wrote ▁to ▁state ▁Senate ▁President ▁Susan ▁W agle , ▁also ▁a ▁candidate ▁for ▁Roberts ▁seat , ▁asking ▁her ▁to ▁drop ▁out ▁of |
▁the ▁race . ▁W agle ▁also ▁said ▁she ▁got ▁a ▁phone ▁call ▁from ▁K uk el man : ▁" He ▁ad am antly ▁asked ▁me ▁to ▁walk ▁away ." ▁ ▁Political ▁positions ▁ ▁Environment ▁ ▁Marshall ▁has ▁critic ized ▁the ▁Environment al ▁Prote ction ▁Agency ▁and ▁supports ▁reducing ▁its ▁authority . ▁Marshall ▁supports ▁the ▁federal ▁Ren ew able ▁F uel ▁Standard , ▁which ▁requires ▁corn - based ▁eth an ol ▁to ▁be ▁bl ended ▁with ▁gas oline ; ▁corn ▁is ▁produced ▁in ▁Marshall ' s ▁district . ▁ ▁Health ▁care ▁Marshall ▁supports ▁repe aling ▁the ▁Aff ord able ▁Care ▁Act ▁( Ob am ac are ). ▁Like ▁many ▁other ▁Republic ans ▁who ▁want ▁the ▁" he alth ▁care ▁system ▁to ▁rely ▁on ▁the ▁free ▁market ▁rather ▁than ▁Ob am ac are ' s ▁reg ulations ", ▁Marshall ▁" me asures ▁success ▁in ▁how ▁many ▁people ▁can ▁afford ▁to ▁leave ▁the ▁Med ica id ▁program ▁and ▁enter ▁the ▁private ▁ins urance ▁market ." ▁In ▁oppos ing ▁the ▁Act ' s ▁Med ica id ▁expansion , ▁Marshall ▁said ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁" Just , ▁like , ▁hom eless ▁people ... ▁I ▁think ▁just ▁mor ally , ▁spirit ually , ▁soci ally , ▁( some ▁people ) ▁just ▁don ' t ▁want ▁health ▁care . ▁The ▁Med ica id ▁population , ▁which ▁is ▁[ on ] ▁a ▁free ▁credit ▁card , ▁as ▁a ▁group , ▁do ▁probably ▁the ▁least ▁prevent ive ▁medicine ▁and ▁taking ▁care ▁of ▁themselves ▁and |
▁e ating ▁health y ▁and ▁exer cis ing . ▁And ▁I ' m ▁not ▁jud ging , ▁I ' m ▁just ▁saying ▁soci ally ▁that ' s ▁where ▁they ▁are . ▁So ▁there ' s ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁people ▁that ▁even ▁with ▁un limited ▁access ▁to ▁health ▁care ▁are ▁only ▁going ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁emer gency ▁room ▁when ▁their ▁arm ▁is ▁cho pped ▁off ▁or ▁when ▁their ▁p neum onia ▁is ▁so ▁bad ▁they ▁get ▁brought ▁[ into ] ▁the ▁ER ." ▁Those ▁who ▁support ▁Med ica id , ▁say ▁that ▁Marshall ▁did ▁not ▁understand ▁how ▁Kansas ▁Med ica id ▁oper ates . ▁The ▁program ▁provides ▁" med ical ▁coverage ▁for ▁low - in come ▁families ▁and ▁disabled ▁K ans ans ". ▁Marshall ' s ▁remark ▁attract ed ▁w ides p read ▁attention ▁and ▁criticism . ▁ ▁Marshall ▁voted ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Health ▁Care ▁Act ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁which ▁would ▁have ▁repe aled ▁and ▁replaced ▁the ▁Aff ord able ▁Care ▁Act . ▁ ▁Econom y ▁ ▁Marshall , ▁who ▁represents ▁a ▁rural ▁district , ▁supports ▁farm ▁subs id ies , ▁such ▁as ▁federal ▁c rop ▁ins urance . ▁Marshall ' s ▁support ▁for ▁subs id ies ▁gained ▁him ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁end ors ement ▁of ▁the ▁Kansas ▁Farm ▁Bureau ▁( K FB ) ▁in ▁the ▁Republican ▁primary , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁pre va iled ▁over ▁Represent ative ▁Tim ▁H uel sk amp . ▁The ▁K FB ▁opposed ▁H uel sk amp ' s ▁own ▁opposition |
▁to ▁some ▁farm ▁subs id ies . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Marshall ▁voted ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁Tax ▁C uts ▁and ▁Job s ▁Act ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Im m igration ▁ ▁Marshall ▁supported ▁President ▁Donald ▁Trump ' s ▁Executive ▁Order ▁ 1 3 7 6 9 , ▁which ▁bar red ▁the ▁national s ▁of ▁seven ▁Muslim - major ity ▁nations ▁from ▁entering ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁However , ▁Marshall ▁supports ▁an ▁imm igration ▁bill ▁with ▁a ▁path way ▁to ▁citizens hip ▁for ▁people ▁not ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁leg ally ; ▁such ▁legisl ation ▁is ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁agricult ure ▁lo bb y , ▁which ▁is ▁powerful ▁in ▁Marshall ' s ▁district . ▁ ▁Ab ort ion ▁Marshall ▁is ▁anti - ab ort ion . ▁ ▁C ann ab is ▁ ▁Marshall ▁is ▁not ▁" con vin ced " ▁that ▁medical ▁mar iju ana ▁is ▁safe ▁and ▁provides ▁medic inal ▁benefits . ▁In ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁he ▁stated ▁" I ' m ▁not ▁convinced ▁yet ▁so ▁I ' m ▁going ▁to ▁be ▁very ▁c aut ious ," ▁regarding ▁the ▁legal ization ▁of ▁medical ▁mar iju ana , ▁" I ▁think ▁there ' s ▁a ▁path ▁there , ▁but ▁I ▁just ▁haven ' t ▁seen ▁enough ▁scientific ▁data ▁to ▁say ▁it ' s ▁a ▁good ▁thing ," ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Marshall ▁lives ▁in ▁Great ▁B end , ▁Kansas , ▁where ▁he ▁pract iced ▁medicine . ▁He ▁and ▁his ▁wife , |
▁L ain a , ▁have ▁four ▁children . ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Marshall ▁was ▁a ▁passenger ▁on ▁a ▁char tered ▁Am tra k ▁train ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Cro zet , ▁Virginia ▁train ▁crash . ▁He ▁admin ister ed ▁first ▁aid ▁and ▁C PR ▁to ▁the ▁injured . ▁ ▁Elect oral ▁history ▁Kansas ' s ▁ 1 st ▁con gression al ▁district , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Congress man ▁Roger ▁Marshall ▁official ▁US ▁House ▁website ▁ ▁Roger ▁Marshall ▁for ▁Congress ▁official ▁campaign ▁website ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁polit icians ▁Category : American ▁obst etr icians ▁Category : K ansas ▁Republic ans ▁Category : K ansas ▁State ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁from ▁Kansas ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁El ▁Dor ado , ▁Kansas ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Great ▁B end , ▁Kansas ▁Category : Phys ician - polit icians ▁Category : Phys icians ▁from ▁Kansas ▁Category : Rep ublic an ▁Party ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Army ▁res erv ists ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Kansas ▁School ▁of ▁Medicine ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Mill ington ia ▁h ort ensis , ▁tree ▁j asm ine ▁or ▁Indian ▁c ork ▁tree , ▁the ▁sole |
▁species ▁in ▁the ▁genus ▁Mill ington ia , ▁is ▁a ▁tree ▁native ▁to ▁South ▁Asia ▁& ▁South ▁East ▁Asia . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁name ▁Mill ington ia ▁h ort ensis , ▁Mill ington ia ▁is ▁named ▁for ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁Mill ington ▁who ▁was ▁an ▁insp iration ▁to ▁Carl ▁Lin na eus ▁the ▁Young er ▁who ▁first ▁described ▁the ▁genus . ▁The ▁specific ▁ep ith et ▁' h ort ens ia ' ▁der ives ▁from ▁' h ort ensis ' ▁and ▁' h ort us ' ▁which ▁in ▁Latin ▁is ▁related ▁to ▁garden . ▁In ▁its ▁syn onym , ▁B ign onia ▁sub er osa , ▁' sub er osa ' ▁der ives ▁from ▁' sub eros ' ▁which ▁means ▁' c ork y ' ▁in ▁Latin . ▁ ▁Mill ington ia ▁Avenue ▁in ▁L uck now ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁Mill ington ia ▁h ort ensis . ▁ ▁Description ▁The ▁tree ▁grows ▁to ▁height ▁of ▁between ▁ 1 8 ▁and ▁ 2 5 ▁metres ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁spread ▁of ▁ 7 ▁to ▁ 1 1 ▁metres . ▁It ▁reaches ▁m atur ity ▁between ▁ 6 ▁and ▁ 8 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁and ▁lives ▁for ▁up ▁to ▁ 4 0 ▁years . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁vers atile ▁tree ▁which ▁can ▁grow ▁in ▁various ▁soil ▁types ▁and ▁clim ates ▁with ▁a ▁preference ▁for ▁mo ist ▁clim ates . ▁ ▁St em ▁The ▁tree ▁is ▁ever green ▁and ▁has ▁an ▁el ong ated ▁py ram idal ▁stem . ▁The ▁soft , ▁yellow ish - white ▁wood ▁is |
▁brit t le ▁and ▁can ▁break ▁under ▁strong ▁g ust s ▁of ▁wind . ▁ ▁Le af ▁The ▁leaf ▁is ▁im par ip inn ate ▁and ▁res emb les ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁ne em . ▁Le aves ▁are ▁pr one ▁to ▁attack ▁by ▁A cher ont ia ▁sty x ▁and ▁Hy bla ea ▁pu era . ▁ ▁F lower ▁The ▁white ▁flowers ▁come ▁as ▁large ▁pan icles ▁which ▁emit ▁a ▁pleasant ▁fra gr ance . ▁They ▁are ▁bis ex ual ▁and ▁z yg omorphic . ▁The ▁bell - sh aped ▁sep als ▁of ▁the ▁flower ▁have ▁five ▁small ▁lo bes . ▁The ▁flower ▁has ▁four ▁stam ens ▁with ▁parallel ▁an thers ▁unlike ▁in ▁most ▁other ▁plants ▁of ▁this ▁family ▁where ▁the ▁an thers ▁are ▁diver gent . ▁The ▁cor ol la ▁is ▁a ▁long ▁t ube ▁with ▁five ▁lo bes . ▁ ▁F ruit ▁and ▁seed ▁The ▁fruit ▁is ▁a ▁smooth ▁flat ▁caps ule ▁and ▁is ▁partition ed ▁into ▁two . ▁It ▁contains ▁broad - wing ed ▁se eds . ▁The ▁f ruits ▁are ▁fed ▁on ▁by ▁birds ▁which ▁aid ▁in ▁seed ▁dispers al . ▁In ▁cultiv ation , ▁the ▁vi ability ▁of ▁se eds ▁is ▁low ▁unless ▁they ▁are ▁s own ▁immediately ▁after ▁the ▁fruit ▁rip ens , ▁so ▁the ▁plant ▁is ▁generally ▁propag ated ▁through ▁c utt ings . ▁ ▁Us es ▁The ▁tree ▁is ▁considered ▁orn amental ▁and ▁the ▁pleasant ▁fra gr ance ▁of ▁the ▁flowers ▁rend ers ▁it ▁ideal ▁as ▁a ▁garden ▁tree . ▁The ▁wood ▁is ▁also ▁used |
▁as ▁tim ber ▁and ▁the ▁b ark ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁an ▁inferior ▁substitute ▁for ▁c ork . ▁The ▁leaves ▁are ▁also ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁cheap ▁substitute ▁for ▁to b acco ▁in ▁c igare tt es . ▁ ▁View s ▁of ▁different ▁aspects ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁B ign onia ceae ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : B ign onia ceae ▁Category : Mon ot yp ic ▁Lam ial es ▁gener a ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁China ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁tropical ▁Asia <0x0A> </s> ▁Sh i ▁X in ▁( , ▁born ▁ 1 3 ▁January ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁in ▁Nan j ing ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁Chinese ▁compet itor ▁in ▁synchron ized ▁sw imming . ▁ ▁She ▁has ▁won ▁a ▁silver ▁medal ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁World ▁Aqu at ics ▁Championships , ▁ 2 ▁sil vers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁F IN A ▁S ynchron ized ▁Sw imming ▁World ▁Cup , ▁and ▁a ▁gold ▁medal ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Asian ▁Games . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ 花 <0xE6> <0xB8> <0xB8> 美 女 史 <0xE6> <0xAC> <0xA3> 因 <0xE4> <0xBC> <0xA4> <0xE9> <0x80> <0x80> <0xE5> <0xBD> <0xB9> ▁ <0xE9> <0x92> <0xA2> <0xE6> <0x9D> <0xBF> 美 人 <0xE9> <0xB1> <0xBC> 无 <0xE7> <0xBC> <0x98> <0xE4> <0xBC> <0xA6> <0xE6> <0x95> <0xA6> ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ch inese ▁synchron ized ▁sw imm ers ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : World ▁Aqu at ics ▁Championships ▁medal ists ▁in ▁synchron ised |
▁sw imming ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Nan j ing ▁Category : S ynchron ized ▁sw imm ers ▁from ▁Ji ang su ▁Category : Art istic ▁sw imm ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁Category : As ian ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁art istic ▁sw imming ▁Category : S ynchron ized ▁sw imm ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁World ▁Aqu at ics ▁Championships ▁Category : As ian ▁Games ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁China ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁ ▁Category : N an j ing ▁Sport ▁Institute ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Pas ch imb anga ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i ▁is ▁the ▁official ▁regul atory ▁body ▁of ▁the ▁Beng ali ▁language ▁in ▁West ▁Beng al , ▁India . ▁Mode led ▁after ▁Bang la ▁Academy ▁of ▁Bang l adesh ▁and ▁France ’ s ▁Ac adémie ▁française , ▁the ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i ▁was ▁founded ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁in ▁Kol k ata ▁to ▁act ▁as ▁the ▁official ▁authority ▁of ▁the ▁language ▁and ▁is ▁entr usted ▁with ▁the ▁responsibility ▁of ▁reform ing ▁Beng ali ▁sp elling ▁and ▁grammar , ▁compiling ▁diction aries , ▁en cyc loped ias ▁and ▁termin ologies ▁and ▁prom oting ▁Beng ali ▁language ▁and ▁culture ▁in ▁West ▁Beng al . ▁Though ▁the ▁Akadem i ▁has ▁no ▁enfor cement ▁power ▁over ▁their ▁rules ▁and ▁reg ulations , ▁yet ▁they ▁are ▁widely ▁accepted ▁by ▁the ▁Govern ments ▁of ▁West ▁Beng |
al ▁and ▁T rip ura ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁considerable ▁number ▁of ▁private ▁publishing ▁houses ▁and ▁institutions ▁like ▁the ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press ▁and ▁the ▁Ram ak r ish na ▁Mission . ▁ ▁The ▁Akadem i ▁is ▁hous ed ▁in ▁two ▁separate ▁buildings , ▁one ▁at ▁N and an - R ab ind ra ▁Sad an ▁Complex ▁( also ▁mentioned ▁as ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i - R ab ind ra ▁Sad an ▁or ▁N and an - B ang la ▁Akadem i ▁Complex ▁during ▁the ▁Akadem i ▁festiv als ▁and ▁book ▁fair s ) ▁in ▁South ▁Kol k ata ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁at ▁Rab ind ra - Ok ak ura ▁B hab an , ▁B id h ann agar ▁( S alt ▁Lake ). ▁Ann ad ash ank ar ▁Roy ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁President ▁and ▁San at ▁K umar ▁Ch att op ad hy ay ▁the ▁first ▁secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Akadem i . ▁ ▁The ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i ▁has ▁been ▁successful ▁in ▁extending ▁its ▁activities ▁and ▁programs ▁to ▁different ▁districts ▁of ▁West ▁Beng al ▁and ▁even ▁to ▁other ▁states ▁in ▁India . ▁In ▁Kol k ata , ▁the ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i ▁organ ises ▁different ▁programs ▁in ▁collaboration ▁with ▁such ▁bodies ▁like ▁Bang i ya ▁Sah ity a ▁Par ish ad , ▁Sah ity a ▁Akadem i , ▁Publish ers ▁and ▁Book ▁S ellers ' ▁Gu ild , ▁Eastern ▁Z onal ▁Cultural ▁Centre , ▁National ▁Book ▁Trust ▁and ▁also ▁with ▁different ▁univers ities ▁and ▁cultural ▁organizations . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Bang i ya |
▁Sah ity a ▁Par ish ad ▁ ▁See ▁Also : ▁Bang i ya ▁Sah ity a ▁Par ish ad ▁ ▁Beng al ▁Academy ▁of ▁Liter ature , ▁the ▁first ▁academic ▁association ▁to ▁reg ulate ▁and ▁promote ▁Beng ali ▁language ▁and ▁literature ▁was ▁set ▁up ▁in ▁Kol k ata ▁under ▁the ▁chair mans hip ▁of ▁Ben oy ▁Kr ish na ▁Dev ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 3 . ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 8 9 4 , ▁the ▁Academy ▁was ▁re organ ized ▁and ▁re ch rist ened ▁as ▁Bang i ya ▁Sah ity a ▁Par ish ad , ▁and ▁Rom esh ▁Ch under ▁D utt ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁president ▁of ▁it . ▁Sch ol ars ▁like ▁Ch and ran ath ▁B ose , ▁D wij end ran ath ▁Tag ore , ▁Jag ad ish ▁Ch andra ▁B ose , ▁Pra ful la ▁Ch andra ▁Roy , ▁S aty end ran ath ▁Tag ore , ▁Har ap ras ad ▁Sh ast ri , ▁Ram endra ▁Sund ar ▁T riv edi ▁later ▁served ▁the ▁Par ish ad ▁as ▁pres idents . ▁Rab ind ran th ▁Tag ore ▁( V ice - Pres ident : ▁ 1 8 9 4 – 9 6 , ▁ 1 9 0 1 , ▁ 1 9 0 5 – 1 9 0 9 , ▁ 1 9 1 7 ; ▁Special ▁De legate : ▁ 1 9 1 0 ) ▁himself ▁was ▁closely ▁associated ▁to ▁the ▁institution ▁since ▁its ▁in ception . ▁ ▁Bang i ya ▁Sah ity a ▁Par |
ish ad ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁academic ▁institution ▁on ▁matters ▁per tain ing ▁to ▁Beng ali ▁language . ▁It ▁endeav ored ▁to ▁compile ▁standard ▁Beng ali ▁dictionary , ▁grammar ▁and ▁termin ologies , ▁both ▁philosoph ical ▁and ▁scientific , ▁to ▁collect ▁and ▁publish ▁old ▁and ▁medieval ▁Beng ali ▁manuscript s , ▁and ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁translation ▁from ▁other ▁language ▁into ▁Beng ali ▁and ▁research ▁on ▁history , ▁philosophy ▁and ▁science . ▁ ▁Reg ulations ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Cal cut ta ▁ ▁See ▁Also : ▁University ▁of ▁Cal cut ta ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century , ▁the ▁affairs ▁concerning ▁the ▁promotion ▁of ▁Beng ali ▁language ▁did ▁not ▁remain ▁a ▁sole ▁responsibility ▁of ▁Bang i ya ▁Sah ity a ▁Par ish ad . ▁As ▁language ▁prosper ed ▁and ▁literature ▁en rich ed , ▁a ▁need ▁of ▁lingu istic ▁reform ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁an ▁authority ▁to ▁en force ▁the ▁re forms ▁was ▁felt ▁by ▁the ▁sch ol ars ▁of ▁the ▁time . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁Rab ind ran ath ▁Tag ore ▁asked ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Cal cut ta ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁rules ▁of ▁Beng ali ▁sp elling ▁and ▁Sh y ama ▁Pr as ad ▁M uk her je e , ▁the ▁then ▁Vice - Ch an cell or ▁of ▁the ▁University , ▁set ▁up ▁a ▁committee ▁to ▁look ▁over ▁the ▁subject ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 9 3 6 , ▁a ▁standard ▁rule ▁for ▁Beng ali ▁sp elling |
▁was ▁first ▁im posed . ▁These ▁rules ▁were ▁later ▁am ended ▁by ▁Rab ind ran ath ▁Tag ore ▁and ▁other ▁sch ol ars ▁and ▁pract iced ▁at ▁academic ▁level ▁in ▁all ▁over ▁Beng al ▁for ▁next ▁ 7 0 ▁years . ▁ ▁Bang la ▁Academy ▁in ▁East ▁Beng al ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁partition ▁of ▁India ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁the ▁people ▁of ▁ ▁East ▁Pakistan ▁( now ▁Bang l adesh ) ▁felt ▁a ▁need ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁Beng ali ▁lingu istic ▁body ▁su iting ▁their ▁new ▁national ity . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁Bang la ▁Academy ▁in ▁D h aka ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁the ▁Bang la ▁Academy ▁enfor ced ▁new ▁reg ulations ▁for ▁Beng ali ▁sp elling . ▁ ▁Un o fficial ▁regul ators ▁of ▁the ▁Beng ali ▁language ▁in ▁West ▁Beng al ▁ ▁In ▁West ▁Beng al , ▁various ▁prominent ▁institutions ▁back ed ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁language , ▁but ▁that ▁resulted ▁in ▁incons isten cies ▁in ▁it . ▁For ▁example , ▁Raj se k har ▁Bas u ▁and ▁An anda ▁B az aar ▁Patri ka ▁tried ▁to ▁simplify ▁Beng ali ▁sp elling ; ▁but ▁instead ▁of ▁rational ize ▁the ▁sp elling ▁system ; ▁it ▁ar oused ▁controvers y ▁over ▁the ▁authority ▁of ▁such ▁bodies . ▁Even ▁institutions ▁like ▁Vis va - B har ati ▁University ▁failed ▁in ▁the ▁task . ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁Pas ch imb anga ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i ▁ ▁In |
▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁West ▁Beng al ▁started ▁using ▁Beng ali ▁for ▁all ▁official ▁purposes . ▁Since ▁then , ▁a ▁need ▁for ▁an ▁official ▁reg ulator ▁of ▁the ▁language ▁has ▁been ▁felt . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁with ▁the ▁general ▁consent ▁of ▁Beng ali ▁intellect uals ▁of ▁the ▁time , ▁Pas ch imb anga ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i , ▁a ▁wing ▁of ▁the ▁Information ▁and ▁Cultural ▁Affairs ▁Department ▁of ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁West ▁Beng al ▁was ▁set ▁up . ▁After ward ▁it ▁was ▁converted ▁into ▁a ▁society ▁and ▁registered ▁under ▁Soci eties ▁Reg istration ▁Act . ▁On ▁December ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁it ▁was ▁declared ▁an ▁autonom ous ▁Government al ▁body . ▁ ▁M embers ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁its ▁foundation , ▁the ▁Akadem i ▁had ▁ 3 0 ▁members ▁in ▁its ▁Kar ma ▁Sam iti ▁( Work ing ▁Committee ) ▁and ▁ 7 8 ▁in ▁Sad har an ▁Par ish ad ▁( General ▁Council ) ▁including ▁the ▁government ▁deleg ation . ▁The ▁Chair man ▁is ▁called ▁Sab h ap ati ▁and ▁Vice - Ch air man ▁is ▁called ▁Sah a - S ab h ap ati . ▁M embers , ▁officially ▁known ▁as ▁S adas y as , ▁remain ▁in ▁the ▁Akadem i ▁for ▁life . ▁However , ▁any ▁member ▁can ▁res ign ▁from ▁his ▁office ▁by ▁his ▁will . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁after ▁the ▁N and ig ram ▁mass acre , ▁some ▁of |
▁Akadem i ▁members ▁including ▁Sank ha ▁Gh osh ▁and ▁Ash ru ▁K umar ▁S ik dar ▁res igned ▁from ▁the ▁Akadem i . ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁post ▁of ▁Secretary , ▁or ▁Sach ib , ▁who ▁is ▁the ▁chief ▁government al ▁deleg ation ▁at ▁the ▁Akadem i . ▁The ▁office ▁of ▁the ▁Secretary ▁of ▁the ▁Akadem i ▁is ▁held ▁by ▁San at ▁K umar ▁Ch att op ad hy ay ▁since ▁its ▁in ception . ▁ ▁The ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Working ▁Committee ▁were : ▁Ann ad ash ank ar ▁Roy ▁( Ch air man ), ▁P rab od h ▁Ch andra ▁Sen ▁( V ice - Ch air man , ▁but ▁died ▁after ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁working ▁committee ), ▁N anda ▁G op al ▁S engu pta ▁( V ice - Ch air men ), ▁Le ela ▁Maj um dar , ▁Kh ud ir am ▁Das , ▁Nep al ▁Maj um dar , ▁Sh ub h end u ▁She k har ▁M uk h op ad hy ay , ▁Ch in m oh an ▁Se han b ish , ▁P ab it ra ▁S ark ar , ▁Kan ak ▁M uk h op ad hy ay , ▁Kr ish no ▁D har , ▁Jag ad ish ▁Bh attach ary a , ▁B hab atos h ▁D ut ta , ▁J y ot irm oy ▁Gh osh , ▁Sank ha ▁Gh osh , ▁Ar un ▁K umar ▁Bas u , ▁N irm al ya ▁Ach ary a , ▁Ash ru ▁K umar ▁Sh |
ik dar , ▁Ar un ▁K umar ▁M uk h op ad hy ay , ▁P rab ir ▁Roy ▁Ch ow dh uri , ▁Bh ude b ▁Ch ow dh uri , ▁Som end ran ath ▁Band y op ad hy ay , ▁Bij it ▁K umar ▁D ut ta , ▁P all ab ▁S engu pta , ▁Bh ak ti ▁Pr as ad ▁Mall ick , ▁Pr ash anta ▁K umar ▁Das gu pta , ▁N irm al ▁Das , ▁Sant osh ▁Ch ak rav art y ▁( L ater ▁Ash ok ▁D ut ta ) ▁– ▁Director ▁of ▁Culture , ▁San at ▁K umar ▁Ch att op ad hy ay - ▁Secretary ▁( G overn ment ▁De legate ), ▁Am it ab ha ▁M uk h op ad hy ay - ▁Officer - in - Char ge ▁( G overn ment ▁De legate ). ▁ ▁The ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁General ▁Council ▁were : ▁( including ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Working ▁Committee ) ▁Hir end ran ath ▁D ut ta , ▁Man math a ▁Roy , ▁G op al ▁H ald ar , ▁Deb ip ada ▁Bh attach ary a , ▁S ush il ▁K umar ▁M uk h op ad hy ay , ▁G our in ath ▁Sh ast ri , ▁R ama ▁Ran jan ▁M uk h op ad hy ay , ▁N is ith ▁Ran jan ▁Ray , ▁Man ind ran ath ▁Gh osh , ▁Man ind ra ▁K umar ▁Gh osh , ▁Dr . ▁As it ▁K |
umar ▁Band y op ad hy ay , ▁Rab ind ra ▁K umar ▁Das Gu pta , ▁Har ap ras ad ▁Mit ra , ▁Ar un ▁Mit ra , ▁S aty aj it ▁Ray , ▁S aty end ran ath ▁Roy , ▁A j it ▁K umar ▁Gh osh , ▁Kh set ra ▁Gu pta , ▁Arab inda ▁Pod dar , ▁N ir end ran ath ▁Ch ak rav art y , ▁Gol um ▁K ud d us , ▁Ash in ▁Das gu pta , ▁K hs it ind ra ▁Nar ay an ▁Bh attach ary a , ▁Sar oj ▁Moh an ▁Mit ra , ▁Su k um ari ▁Bh attach ary a , ▁Sub ir ▁Roy ▁Ch ow dh uri , ▁Man ab endra ▁Band y op ad hy ay , ▁S our in ▁Bh attach ary a , ▁Ash ok ▁M uk h op ad hy ay , ▁Mal ini ▁Bh attach ary a , ▁Br at ind ran ath ▁M uk h op ad hy ay , ▁Man as ▁Maj um dar , ▁Moh it ▁Ch att op ad hy ay , ▁Nar ay an ▁Ch ow dh uri , ▁Sam ar endra ▁S engu pta , ▁Am it ab ha ▁Das gu pta , ▁Deb esh ▁Roy , ▁P urn end u ▁Patri , ▁Sh y am ▁Sund ar ▁De y , ▁Am it ab ha ▁Ch ow dh uri , ▁Sh ak ti ▁Ch att op ad hy ay , ▁Deb esh ▁Das , ▁Man as ▁Roy ▁Ch |
ow dh uri , ▁Sh ib end ran ath ▁Kan j il al , ▁Sab it end ran ath ▁Roy , ▁Bib has ▁Bh attach ary a , ▁D ip ank ar ▁Sen , ▁Pr as un ▁D ut ta , ▁D il ip ▁Bh attach ary a ▁– ▁secretary , ▁Information ▁and ▁Cultural ▁Affairs ▁Department . ▁ ▁Now ▁the ▁Akadem i ▁works ▁under ▁various ▁sub - comm itte es ▁and ▁editor ial ▁bo ards ▁concerning ▁different ▁affairs . ▁Some ▁of ▁these ▁bodies ▁are ▁dep icted ▁below : ▁ ▁Akadem i ▁Ban an ▁U po - Sam iti ▁or ▁Akadem i ▁Sp elling ▁Sub - Com mit te e ▁was ▁created ▁to ▁reform ▁and ▁rational ize ▁Beng ali ▁orth ography . ▁This ▁Sub - Com mit te e ▁includes ▁N ir end ran ath ▁Ch ak rav art y , ▁Sank ha ▁Gh osh , ▁P ab it ra ▁S ark ar , ▁J y oti ▁Bh ush an ▁Ch aki , ▁N irm al ▁Das , ▁Ash ok ▁M uk h op ad hy ay , ▁Sub hash ▁Bh attach ary a , ▁Am it ab ha ▁Ch ow dh uri , ▁Am it ab ha ▁M uk h op ad hy ay , ▁S our in ▁Bh attach ary a , ▁Pr as un ▁D ut ta , ▁San at ▁K umar ▁Ch att op ad hy ay , ▁Ar un ▁K umar ▁Bas u ▁and ▁Sh ub hom oy ▁Mond al . ▁On ▁the ▁recommendation ▁of ▁this ▁Sub - Com |
mit te e , ▁the ▁Akadem i ▁did ▁its ▁historical ▁re forms ▁on ▁Beng ali ▁sp elling . ▁ ▁Another ▁important ▁sub - comm ittee ▁is ▁Par ib hash a ▁U po - Sam iti ▁or ▁Term in ology ▁Sub - Com mit te e ▁which ▁is ▁entr usted ▁to ▁compile ▁standard ▁Beng ali ▁termin ology ▁for ▁both ▁academic ▁and ▁administrative ▁purposes . ▁This ▁sub - comm ittee ▁includes ▁An anda ▁Gh osh ▁Haz ra , ▁A lap an ▁Band ya op ad hy ay , ▁I . A . S ., ▁Kr ish no ▁D har , ▁J y oti ▁Bh ush an ▁Ch aki , ▁N ir end ran ath ▁Ch ak rav art y , ▁P ab it ra ▁S ark ar , ▁San at ▁K umar ▁Ch att op ad hy ay , ▁Sw apan ▁Ch ow dh uri ▁and ▁B hab atos h ▁T ap ad ar . ▁ ▁Editor ial ▁bo ards ▁are ▁generally ▁founded ▁to ▁edit ▁works ▁of ▁great ▁authors . ▁One ▁of ▁such ▁bodies ▁that ▁compiled ▁the ▁Complete ▁Works ▁of ▁Kaz i ▁Naz r ul ▁Islam , ▁includes ▁Ann ad ash ank ar ▁Roy ▁( ad visor ), ▁Buddh ade b ▁Bh attach ary a , ▁ex - Ch ief ▁Minister ▁of ▁West ▁Beng al ▁( ad visor ), ▁Kal pat aru ▁S engu pta , ▁Ar un ▁K umar ▁Bas u , ▁P ab it ra ▁S ark ar , ▁Gol um ▁K ud d us , ▁Kr ish no ▁D har , ▁Man |
as ▁Maj um dar , ▁Sum ita ▁Ch ak rav art y , ▁Band han ▁S engu pta , ▁Man as ▁K hand a , ▁Bis wan ath ▁Roy , ▁P rab hat ▁K umar ▁Das , ▁Sh y am al ▁Mo it ra ▁And ▁San at ▁K umar ▁Ch att op ad hy ay . ▁ ▁Function s ▁ ▁The ▁Akadem i ▁is ▁the ▁official ▁authority ▁on ▁Beng ali ▁language ▁in ▁West ▁Beng al ; ▁although ▁its ▁recommend ations ▁carry ▁no ▁legal ▁power ▁— ▁but ▁still ▁the ▁educational ▁bo ards ▁and ▁the ▁univers ities ▁of ▁West ▁Beng al ▁and ▁T rip ura ▁have ▁deep ▁regard ▁for ▁its ▁r ul ings . ▁ ▁The ▁Akadem i ▁accomplish es ▁all ▁its ▁activities ▁in ▁close ▁l ia ison ▁with ▁other ▁academic ▁and ▁educational ▁institutions ▁including ▁univers ities ▁engaged ▁in ▁various ▁aspects ▁of ▁Beng ali ▁language , ▁literature ▁and ▁culture . ▁A part ▁from ▁its ▁own ▁programs , ▁it ▁also ▁arr anges ▁programs ▁in ▁co operation ▁with ▁different ▁such ▁soci eties . ▁Such ▁activities ▁are ▁not ▁conf ined ▁to ▁Kol k ata ▁only , ▁but ▁also ▁in ▁districts ▁and ▁sub - div isions , ▁even ▁in ▁the ▁other ▁states . ▁ ▁The ▁function ▁of ▁the ▁Akadem i ▁was ▁initially ▁settled ▁by ▁a ▁sem inar ▁held ▁at ▁S is ir ▁Man cha , ▁Kol k ata ▁from ▁ 2 4 ▁February ▁to ▁ 1 ▁March . ▁These ▁sem in ars ▁determined ▁the ▁r ationale ▁of ▁the ▁Akadem i ▁and ▁proposed ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁design ▁and ▁blue ▁print |
▁to ▁achieve ▁its ▁goals . ▁ ▁The ▁tasks ▁entr usted ▁on ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i ▁are : ▁ ▁The ▁rational ization ▁and ▁reform ▁of ▁Beng ali ▁script ▁and ▁orth ography . ▁Comp ilation ▁of ▁standard ▁diction aries , ▁en cyc loped ias ▁and ▁gr amm ars . ▁Comp ilation ▁of ▁termin ologies . ▁Br id ging ▁the ▁gap ▁between ▁Beng ali ▁and ▁other ▁languages ▁through ▁transl ations ▁and ▁other ▁activities . ▁Public ation ▁of ▁children ▁books . ▁Perform ing ▁research - orient ed ▁works ▁on ▁Beng ali ▁language , ▁literature ▁and ▁culture ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁arr anging ▁scholar ships ▁for ▁research ers . ▁Distribution ▁of ▁civil ▁literary ▁pri zes . ▁Public ation ▁of ▁publish ▁books ▁on ▁different ▁subjects ▁Public ation ▁of ▁the ▁Akadem i ▁Magazine . ▁Pres ervation ▁of ▁an ▁out standing ▁library . ▁Pres ervation ▁of ▁a ▁world - class ▁archive ▁and ▁museum . ▁To ▁conduct ▁sem in ars ▁and ▁con ferences ▁and ▁cultural ▁festiv als ▁and ▁fair s . ▁ ▁Work ▁of ▁Pas ch imb anga ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i ▁Sch ol ars ▁at ▁the ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i ▁work ▁to ▁promote ▁the ▁Beng ali ▁language ▁in ▁various ▁ways . ▁They ▁are ▁doing ▁research ▁on ▁sp elling , ▁grammar ▁and ▁the ▁origin ▁and ▁development ▁of ▁Beng ali . ▁They ▁are ▁publishing ▁works ▁by ▁prominent ▁writers ▁in ▁the ▁language . ▁They ▁have ▁built ▁a ▁large ▁library ▁to ▁preserve ▁original ▁manuscript s . ▁The ▁government ▁of ▁Japan ▁has ▁don ated ▁R s . ▁ 5 0 0 0 0 0 ▁for ▁research ▁in |
▁the ▁Academy . ▁The ▁government ▁of ▁West ▁Beng al ▁has ▁also ▁given ▁a ▁l ump ▁some ▁amount ▁of ▁money . ▁The ▁Akadem i ▁is ▁sp ending ▁the ▁money ▁on ▁the ▁Ind o - J apan ▁Cultural ▁Center ▁in ▁B id h ann agar . ▁The ▁Akadem i ▁has ▁also ▁developed ▁a ▁Beng ali ▁font ▁designed ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁changes ▁made ▁by ▁them ▁in ▁the ▁Beng ali ▁script . ▁The ▁font ▁is ▁available ▁from ▁this ▁link . ▁ ▁Fest iv als ▁Con duct ed ▁by ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i ▁Vari ous ▁festiv als ▁are ▁being ▁conducted ▁now ad ays ▁by ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i , ▁e . g ., ▁Kab ita ▁U ts ab ▁( Po etry ▁Festival ), ▁Little ▁Magazine ▁M ela ▁( L ittle ▁Magazine ▁Fair ), ▁Kath as ah ity a ▁U ts ab ▁( F iction ▁Festival ), ▁Ch hora ▁U ts ab ▁( R h yme ▁Festival ) ▁etc . ▁ ▁Awards ▁awarded ▁by ▁Bang la ▁Akadem i ▁ ▁Selected ▁bibli ography ▁ ▁D iction aries ▁and ▁termin ologies ▁ ▁Akadem i ▁B id yar th i ▁Ab id han ▁( B ang la ▁Akadem i ▁Beng ali ▁Dictionary ▁for ▁Stud ents ) ▁Akadem i ▁Ban an ▁Ab id han ▁( B ang la ▁Akadem i ▁Sp elling ▁Dictionary ) ▁Par ib hash a ▁Sank al an ▁– ▁Pr ash ash an ▁( Collection ▁of ▁Administr ative ▁Term in ologies ) ▁Sah ity er ▁Sh ab dar th o - K osh ▁( Dictionary ▁of ▁Liter ary ▁Term s |
) ▁B hash a - T att wer ▁Par ib hash a ▁( Term in ology ▁of ▁L ingu istics ) ▁By ut p atti - S id hy ar tha - B ang la ▁Kos m h ▁( Dictionary ▁of ▁Beng ali ▁Word ▁Origin ) ▁Bang la ▁B hash ay ▁Ar than iti ▁Ch arch a ▁Gran th apan ji ▁( C atalog ue ▁of ▁Econom ic ▁Studies ▁in ▁Beng ali ) ▁Bang la ▁B hash ay ▁It i ha as ▁Ch arch a ▁Gran th apan ji ▁( C atalog ue ▁of ▁Historical ▁Studies ▁in ▁Beng ali ) ▁D hat ub id ya ▁Par ib hash a ▁( Term in ology ▁of ▁Met all ur gy ) ▁Sa ont ali - B ang la ▁Sam ash ab da ▁Ab id han ▁( A ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁Sant ali - B eng ali ▁Ident ical ▁W ords ) ▁ ▁Complete ▁and ▁selected ▁works ▁of ▁legend ary ▁authors ▁ ▁San ch ay ita , ▁Vol . ▁II , ▁( Ed . ▁By ▁Ar un ▁K umar ▁Bas u ) ▁– ▁an ▁alternative ▁anth ology ▁of ▁Tag ore ▁Po ems ▁other ▁than ▁San ch ay ita ▁Man ik ▁Band y op ad hy ay ▁Rach ana ▁Sam ag ra , ▁( E k - E k ad ash ▁K hand a ) ▁– ▁Complete ▁Works ▁of ▁Man ik ▁Band op ad hy ay , ▁Vol s . ▁I - X I ▁Man ik ▁Band y op ad hy ay ▁K ish or ▁Rach ana ▁S |
amb har , ▁( Ed . ▁By . ▁Par th oj it ▁Gang op ad hy ay ) ▁– ▁Collect ed ▁Ju ven ile ▁Liter ature ▁of ▁Man ik ▁Band op ad hy ay ▁Kaz i ▁Naz r ul ▁Islam ▁Rach ana ▁Sam ag ra ▁( E k - S apt am ▁K hand a ) ▁– ▁Complete ▁Works ▁of ▁Kaz i ▁Naz r ul ▁Islam , ▁Vol s . ▁I - V II ▁Bud hh ade b ▁B ose ▁P rab and ha ▁Sam ag ra ▁( E k - du i ▁K hand a ) ▁– ▁Complete ▁Ess ays ▁of ▁Bud hh ade va ▁Bas u , ▁Vol s . ▁I - IV ▁N ir end ran ath ▁Ch ak rav art y ▁G ady a ▁Sam ag ra ▁( E k - T rit i ya ) ▁– ▁Complete ▁Pro se ▁Works ▁of ▁N ir end ran ath ▁Ch ak rav art y , ▁Vol s . ▁I - III ▁Re za ul ▁Kar im ▁P rab and ha ▁ ▁Sam ag ra ▁– ▁Complete ▁Ess ays ▁of ▁Re za ul ▁Kar im ▁J y oti ▁Bh attach ary a ▁P rab and ha ▁ ▁Sam ag ra ▁– ▁Complete ▁Ess ays ▁of ▁J y oti ▁Bh attach ary a ▁D wij endra - G iti ▁Sam ag ra ▁– ▁Complete ▁Songs ▁of ▁D wij endra ▁L al ▁Roy ▁S omen ▁Ch anda ▁N ir bach ito ▁Gal pa ▁Sang ra ha ▁– ▁Selected ▁St ories ▁of ▁S omen ▁Ch |
anda ▁Sam par ka ▁( Sam pr iti ▁B ish ay ak ▁Gal pa ) ▁– ▁Sam par ka : ▁St ories ▁on ▁Comm unal ▁Harm ony ▁( Ed . ▁By ▁Ash ok ▁K umar ▁Mit ra ▁and ▁B ish nu ▁Bas u ) ▁ ▁Collect ed ▁ess ays ▁ ▁B hash a - B hab na : ▁Un ish - B ish ▁Sh ata k ▁– ▁Th ought s ▁on ▁Language , ▁A ▁Collection ▁of ▁ 3 7 ▁Ess ays ▁on ▁Beng ali ▁dated ▁from ▁ 1 8 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 0 . ▁Pr as anga ▁Bang la ▁By ak aran , ▁Pro th om ▁K hand a - ▁On ▁Beng ali ▁Gram mar , ▁Vol . ▁I , ▁( 2 0 ▁ess ays ▁on ▁Beng ali ▁grammar ▁from ▁old ▁period ical s ) ▁Pr as anga ▁Bang la ▁By ak aran , ▁D w iti yo ▁K hand a - ▁On ▁Beng ali ▁Gram mar , ▁Vol . ▁II , ▁( Cont empor ary ▁Ess ays ▁on ▁Beng ali ▁Gram mar ) ▁Sar as w at ▁ ▁– ▁A ▁History ▁of ▁Beng ali ▁Liter ary ▁Academ ies ▁( Ed . ▁By ▁Ar un ▁K umar ▁Bas u ) ▁Bang al ir ▁Ga an ▁ ▁– ▁ ▁Songs ▁of ▁Beng al , ▁A ▁Golden ▁Tre as ury ▁of ▁Beng ali ▁Music ▁( Ed . ▁By . ▁D urg adas ▁L ah iri ) ▁Akadem i ▁Pr at ish tha ▁Bar sh iki ▁B hash an ▁Sank al an |
▁– ▁Akadem i ▁Collection ▁of ▁Foundation ▁Day ▁L ect ures ▁Akadem i ▁B hash an ▁Sank al an ▁– ▁Akadem i ▁Collection ▁of ▁L ect ures ▁Pur atan ▁G ady ag ran tha ▁Sang ra ha ▁– ▁Collection ▁of ▁Old ▁Text s ▁( Ed . ▁By ▁Dr . ▁As it ▁K umar ▁Band ya op ad hy ay ) ▁Sang bad - Sam ay ik pat re ▁Un ish ▁Sh ata ker ▁Bang ali ▁Sam aj ▁( E k - D ui ▁K hand a ) ▁– ▁Nin ete enth ▁Century ▁Beng ali ▁Society ▁in ▁Period ical s , ▁Vol s . ▁I - II ▁( Col . ▁& ▁Ed . ▁By ▁Sw apan ▁B ose ) ▁Man as wi ▁Ann ad ash ank ar ▁– ▁Ann ad ash ank ar ▁Roy , ▁A ▁Great ▁Think er ▁( Ed . ▁By ▁D h iman ▁Das gu pta ) ▁Bang la ▁Pr imer ▁Sang ra ha ▁– ▁A ▁Collection ▁of ▁Beng ali ▁Prim ers ▁( Ed . ▁By ▁Ash ish ▁Kh ast og ir ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Bang la ▁Academy ▁– ▁Bang l ades hi ▁counter part ▁Pas ch im ▁B anga ▁Nat ya ▁Akadem i ▁Ann ad ash ank ar ▁Roy ▁Bang i ya ▁Sah ity a ▁Par ish ad ▁University ▁of ▁Cal cut ta ▁Rab ind ran ath ▁Tag ore ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁https :// web . archive . org / web / 2 0 0 8 0 7 0 8 2 1 0 2 3 6 / |
http :// pas ch imb ang ab ang la ak ade mi . org / images / index . html . htm ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁India ▁Category : L ear ned ▁soci eties ▁of ▁India ▁Category : C ult ural ▁organis ations ▁based ▁in ▁India ▁Category : Organ is ations ▁based ▁in ▁West ▁Beng al ▁Category : B eng ali ▁language ▁Category : B eng ali ▁literary ▁institutions ▁Category : A cadem ic ▁language ▁institutions <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Green b anks ▁H ollow ▁Cover ed ▁Bridge ▁is ▁a ▁historic ▁covered ▁bridge , ▁carrying ▁Green b anks ▁H ollow ▁Road ▁across ▁Jo es ▁Brook ▁in ▁southern ▁Dan ville , ▁Verm ont . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁surv iving ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁covered ▁bridge ▁in ▁the ▁town . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁Description ▁and ▁history ▁The ▁Green b anks ▁H ollow ▁Cover ed ▁Bridge ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁a ▁rural ▁area ▁of ▁southern ▁Dan ville , ▁sp anning ▁Jo es ▁Brook , ▁an ▁east - flow ing ▁trib ut ary ▁of ▁the ▁Connecticut ▁River . ▁ ▁Green b anks ▁H ollow ▁Road ▁is ▁a ▁minor ▁through ▁road ▁between ▁Dan ville ▁and ▁Pe ach am . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁single - span ▁queen ▁post ▁tr uss ▁structure , ▁with ▁fl ank ing ▁tr uss es ▁of ▁une qual ▁length . ▁ ▁The ▁western ▁tr uss ▁is ▁ ▁long , ▁while |
▁the ▁eastern ▁one ▁is ▁ ▁longer , ▁the ▁ske w ▁visible ▁at ▁the ▁southern ▁portal . ▁ ▁The ▁bridge ▁is ▁ ▁wide , ▁with ▁a ▁road way ▁width ▁of ▁, ▁carrying ▁one ▁l ane ▁of ▁traffic . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁covered ▁by ▁a ▁metal ▁g abled ▁roof ▁with ▁broad ▁e aves . ▁ ▁The ▁side ▁walls ▁are ▁covered ▁to ▁about ▁half ▁their ▁height ▁with ▁vertical ▁board ▁s iding , ▁which ▁is ▁extended ▁around ▁the ▁full ▁height ▁of ▁the ▁port als . ▁ ▁The ▁bridge ▁rest s ▁on ▁ab ut ments ▁of ▁stone ▁and ▁concrete ; ▁the ▁northern ▁one ▁has ▁been ▁re built ▁after ▁its ▁original ▁stone ▁ab ut ment ▁col lapsed . ▁ ▁The ▁bridge ' s ▁construction ▁date ▁and ▁builder ▁are ▁not ▁known . ▁ ▁Verm ont ▁historian ▁Herbert ▁Cong don ▁claims ▁that ▁the ▁bridge ▁was ▁originally ▁un cover ed , ▁and ▁that ▁its ▁roof ▁is ▁a ▁later ▁addition . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁sty list ically ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁brid ges ▁located ▁in ▁nearby ▁Ly nd on , ▁which ▁also ▁feature ▁queen ▁post ▁tr uss es , ▁half - height ▁s iding , ▁and ▁broad ▁roof s . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁surv iving ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁covered ▁bridge ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Dan ville . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁covered ▁brid ges ▁in ▁Verm ont ▁ ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁list ings ▁in ▁C aled onia ▁County , ▁Verm ont ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁brid ges ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Verm |
ont ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : C over ed ▁brid ges ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Verm ont ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁C aled onia ▁County , ▁Verm ont ▁Category : C over ed ▁brid ges ▁in ▁Verm ont ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Dan ville , ▁Verm ont ▁Category : Que en ▁post ▁tr uss ▁brid ges ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : C over ed ▁brid ges ▁in ▁C aled onia ▁County , ▁Verm ont ▁Category : Ro ad ▁brid ges ▁in ▁Verm ont ▁Category : Ro ad ▁brid ges ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Verm ont ▁Category : W ood en ▁brid ges ▁in ▁Verm ont <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Count ess ▁of ▁the ▁Pal at inate ▁() ▁was ▁the ▁cons ort ▁of ▁the ▁Count ▁of ▁the ▁Pal at inate , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Empire ' s ▁greatest ▁princes . ▁ ▁Non - Her edit ary , ▁ 1 0 8 5 – 1 1 5 6 ▁ ▁House ▁of ▁H ohen st auf en , ▁ 1 1 5 6 – 1 1 9 5 ▁ ▁House ▁of ▁W elf , ▁ 1 1 9 5 – 1 2 1 4 ▁ ▁House ▁of ▁W itt els bach , ▁ 1 2 1 4 – 1 3 5 6 ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁The ▁Pal at inate ▁The ▁Pal at inate <0x0A> </s> ▁Paul - R en é ▁Albert ini ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) |
▁is ▁a ▁global ▁music ▁industry ▁executive . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁Institut ▁Super ieur ▁de ▁G estion ▁( IS G ) ▁and ▁started ▁his ▁career ▁in ▁music ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁with ▁the ▁magazine ▁The ▁Act uel ▁magazine ▁as ▁a ▁concert ▁prom oter ▁and ▁independent ▁record ▁producer ▁in ▁Paris . ▁From ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁Poly gram ▁France ’ s ▁International ▁Label ▁Manager ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁became ▁Mark eting ▁Director ▁for ▁Bar cl ay ▁Records . ▁Three ▁years ▁later , ▁Albert ini ▁was ▁made ▁Man aging ▁Director ▁of ▁Mercur y ▁France , ▁a ▁division ▁of ▁Poly gram . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁he ▁was ▁made ▁Chief ▁Executive ▁Officer ▁of ▁Poly gram ▁Dis ques , ▁the ▁leading ▁company ▁in ▁France ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁market ▁share . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Paul - R en é ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁senior ▁executive ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁Harvard ▁Business ▁School ▁IS MP . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁Albert ini ▁became ▁President ▁and ▁CE O ▁of ▁Sony ▁Music ▁France . ▁Under ▁his ▁ten ure ▁the ▁company ’ s ▁market ▁share ▁went ▁from ▁ 2 2 % ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁to ▁ 3 1 % ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁at ▁which ▁time ▁he ▁became ▁Executive ▁Vice ▁President ▁of ▁Sony ▁Music ▁Entertainment ▁Europe . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Albert ini ▁joined ▁Warner |
▁Music ▁Group ▁as ▁President ▁of ▁Warner ▁Music ▁Europe ▁and ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁was ▁appointed ▁President ▁of ▁ ▁Warner ▁Music ▁International ▁where , ▁from ▁the ▁London ▁headquarters , ▁he ▁o vers aw ▁the ▁company ’ s ▁ 3 7 ▁affili ates ▁and ▁numerous ▁license es ▁throughout ▁the ▁world . ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁he ▁continued ▁in ▁this ▁role ▁with ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁Chair man ▁and ▁CE O ▁of ▁Warner ▁Music ▁International , ▁over see ing ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁biggest ▁rest ruct uring ▁in ▁the ▁company ' s ▁history . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁Director ▁of ▁Warner ▁Music ▁Group ▁which ▁was ▁listed ▁at ▁the ▁NY SE ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁After ▁he ▁left ▁Warner ▁Music , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Paul - R ene ▁set ▁up ▁an ▁international ▁consult ing ▁practice ▁providing ▁services ▁to ▁the ▁music ▁industry ▁and ▁private ▁equ ity ▁companies ▁in ▁the ▁UK , ▁Germany ▁and ▁Japan . ▁He ▁also ▁o vers aw ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁several ▁digital ▁platforms ▁in ▁Japan ▁and ▁the ▁UK ▁via ▁Square ▁Media ▁International , ▁S ush i ▁Vent ure ▁Part ners ▁which ▁launched ▁Start up Boot camp ▁Israel ▁and ▁Mar athon ▁Art ists . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : F rench ▁record ▁produ cers ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Har vard ▁Business ▁School ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁V os ▁TV , ▁formerly ▁E ST V , ▁was ▁a ▁Nic ar agu an ▁cable ▁TV ▁channel |
▁broadcast ing ▁from ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Man agua ▁and ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁national ▁cable ▁TV ▁operator ▁Est esa . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁E ST V ▁( Can al ▁ 1 1 ) beg an ▁broadcast ing ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Despite ▁being ▁a ▁new com er ▁in ▁the ▁Nic ar agu an ▁TV ▁market , ▁it ▁quickly ▁gained ▁has ▁a ▁broad ▁audience ▁thanks ▁to ▁its ▁national istic ▁approach ▁and ▁mass ▁production ▁of ▁local ▁TV ▁shows . ▁The ▁channel ' s ▁mot to ▁is ▁El ▁canal ▁del ▁org ul lo ▁nic ar ag ü ense ▁( The ▁channel ▁of ▁the ▁Nic ar agu an ▁pride ). ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁popular ▁local ▁TV ▁shows ▁were : ▁De ▁sol ▁a ▁sol ▁( mor ning ▁show ), ▁La ▁revista ▁del ▁med iod ia ▁( vari ety ▁show ), ▁D ó nde ▁y ▁cu ánd o ▁( inv estig ative ▁journal ism ), ▁S ender os ▁y ▁dest inos ▁( t our ism , ▁featuring ▁in ▁every ▁show ▁a ▁tour ist ▁spot ▁in ▁the ▁country ), ▁E ST V ▁Musical ▁( d aily ▁music ▁video ▁show ), ▁En ▁con cier to ▁( music ▁concert s ), ▁Lo ▁Nu estro ▁( show ▁featuring ▁only ▁national ▁artists , ▁inter views ▁and ▁music ▁videos ), ▁É x itos ▁empres arial es ▁( success ▁stories ▁of ▁Nic ar agu an ▁companies ), ▁Deport es ▁ 1 1 ▁( s ports ), ▁Se xt o ▁Sent ido ▁( pop ular ▁youth ▁TV ▁serie ) ▁and ▁live ▁broadcast s ▁of ▁national |
▁cultural ▁events , ▁such ▁as ▁local ▁festiv ities . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁E ST V ▁made ▁history ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁channel ▁in ▁Central ▁America ▁to ▁produce ▁and ▁broadcast ▁a ▁reality ▁show ; ▁En ▁O tra ▁O nd a . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 7 , ▁the ▁channel ▁was ▁re brand ed ▁to ▁V os ▁TV ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁channel ▁ 1 4 ▁on ▁the ▁Est esa ▁cable ▁TV ▁system . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : T ele vision ▁stations ▁in ▁Nic ar agua ▁Category : Span ish - language ▁television ▁stations ▁Category : T ele vision ▁channels ▁and ▁stations ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁External ▁links <0x0A> </s> ▁Anton ▁G alk in ▁( born ▁ 2 0 ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Russian ▁spr inter . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁ 4 0 0 ▁metres ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Records ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : A th let es ▁( track ▁and ▁field ) ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Russ ian ▁male ▁spr inter s ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁athlet es ▁of ▁Russia ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Russ ian ▁sports people ▁in ▁do ping ▁cases <0x0A> </s> ▁Hay don ▁Sp ence ley ▁( born ▁ 3 ▁July ▁ 1 9 8 |
4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁Christian ▁music ian ▁and ▁worship ▁leader , ▁who ▁plays ▁a ▁Christian ▁pop ▁and ▁ED M ▁style ▁of ▁worship ▁music . ▁He ▁has ▁released ▁three ▁studio ▁albums , ▁Cir cles ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁Heart ▁Str ings ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁and ▁Mir ror s ▁( 2 0 1 4 ). ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁personal ▁life ▁Hay don ▁Sp ence ley ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 3 ▁July ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁while ▁now ▁he ▁res ides ▁in ▁North am pton , ▁England . ▁He ▁has ▁c ere br al ▁p als y , ▁where ▁this ▁involves ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁a ▁wheel ch air ▁for ▁his ▁mob ility . ▁He ▁is ▁an ▁ord ained ▁minister ▁in ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁England . ▁ ▁Music ▁career ▁His ▁music ▁recording ▁career ▁comm enced ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁with ▁the ▁Christian ▁alternative ▁rock ▁band , ▁Fre es lave , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁their ▁lead ▁singer . ▁He ▁released , ▁Cir cles , ▁a ▁studio ▁album , ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁The ▁subsequent ▁studio ▁album , ▁Heart ▁Str ings , ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 4 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁Sp ence ley ▁released , ▁Mir ror s , ▁on ▁ 4 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁Studio ▁albums ▁ ▁Cir cles ▁( 1 0 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Heart ▁Str ings ▁( 4 ▁October ▁ 2 |
0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Mir ror s ▁( 4 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : English ▁Christians ▁Category : English ▁mus icians ▁Category : English ▁song writ ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁F IS ▁Nord ic ▁Junior ▁and ▁U 2 3 ▁World ▁Ski ▁Championships ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁Val ▁di ▁F iem me , ▁Italy ▁from ▁ 2 8 ▁January ▁to ▁ 3 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁ 3 7 th ▁Junior ▁World ▁Championships ▁and ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁Under - 2 3 ▁World ▁Championships ▁in ▁nord ic ▁ski ing . ▁ ▁Medal ▁summary ▁ ▁Junior ▁events ▁ ▁Cross - country ▁ski ing ▁ ▁Nord ic ▁Com b ined ▁ ▁Ski ▁jump ing ▁ ▁Under - 2 3 ▁events ▁ ▁Cross - country ▁ski ing ▁ ▁Medal ▁Table ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁cross - country ▁ski ing ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁ski ▁jump ing ▁Junior ▁World ▁Ski ▁Championships ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁youth ▁sport ▁Category : Intern ational ▁sports ▁compet itions ▁hosted ▁by ▁Italy <0x0A> </s> ▁No ▁Place ▁to ▁H ide ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁film ▁directed , ▁produced ▁and ▁written ▁by ▁Josef ▁Sh aft el . ▁ ▁It ▁star red ▁Marsh a ▁H unt ▁and ▁David ▁Brian , ▁and ▁was ▁said |
▁to ▁be ▁the ▁first ▁film ▁made ▁" co oper atively ▁between ▁Hollywood ▁and ▁Philipp ine ▁interests ." ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines <0x0A> </s> ▁Kh ong or - Bi ye ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁sel o ), ▁the ▁only ▁inhab ited ▁local ity , ▁and ▁the ▁administrative ▁center ▁of ▁Sal b ans ky ▁R ural ▁Ok rug ▁of ▁Nam sky ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁Sak ha ▁Republic , ▁Russia , ▁located ▁ ▁from ▁Nam ts y , ▁the ▁administrative ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁district . ▁Its ▁population ▁as ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Census ▁was ▁ 3 4 5 , ▁of ▁whom ▁ 1 8 0 ▁were ▁male ▁and ▁ 1 6 5 ▁female , ▁up ▁from ▁ 3 3 8 ▁as ▁recorded ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Census . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁S ources ▁Official ▁website ▁of ▁the ▁Sak ha ▁Republic . ▁Reg istry ▁of ▁the ▁Administr ative - T er rit orial ▁Div isions ▁of ▁the ▁Sak ha ▁Republic . ▁Nam sky ▁District . ▁▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁the ▁Sak ha ▁Republic <0x0A> </s> ▁An ▁optical ▁line ▁term ination ▁( OL T ), ▁also ▁called ▁an ▁optical ▁line ▁terminal , ▁is ▁a ▁device ▁which ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁service ▁provider ▁endpoint ▁of ▁a ▁pass ive ▁optical ▁network . ▁It ▁provides ▁two ▁main ▁functions : ▁ ▁to |
▁perform ▁conversion ▁between ▁the ▁elect rical ▁signals ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁service ▁provider ' s ▁equipment ▁and ▁the ▁fi ber ▁opt ic ▁signals ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁pass ive ▁optical ▁network . ▁▁▁ ▁to ▁coordinate ▁the ▁multiple x ing ▁between ▁the ▁conversion ▁devices ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁end ▁of ▁that ▁network ▁( called ▁either ▁optical ▁network ▁terminal s ▁or ▁optical ▁network ▁units ). ▁ ▁The ▁diagram ▁below ▁dep ict s ▁an ▁O LT ▁within ▁a ▁fi ber - opt ic ▁network . ▁ ▁Fe atures ▁O LT s ▁include ▁the ▁following ▁features : ▁ ▁A ▁down stream ▁frame ▁processing ▁means ▁for ▁receiving ▁and ▁ch urn ing ▁an ▁asynchronous ▁transfer ▁mode ▁cell ▁to ▁generate ▁a ▁down stream ▁frame , ▁and ▁converting ▁a ▁parallel ▁data ▁of ▁the ▁down stream ▁frame ▁into ▁a ▁serial ▁data ▁there of . ▁ ▁A ▁w avel ength ▁division ▁multiple x ing ▁means ▁for ▁performing ▁an ▁electro / opt ical ▁conversion ▁of ▁the ▁serial ▁data ▁of ▁the ▁down stream ▁frame ▁and ▁performing ▁a ▁w avel ength ▁division ▁multiple x ing ▁there of . ▁ ▁An ▁up stream ▁frame ▁processing ▁means ▁for ▁extract ing ▁data ▁from ▁the ▁w avel ength ▁division ▁multiple x ing ▁means , ▁searching ▁an ▁overhead ▁field , ▁del ine ating ▁a ▁slot ▁boundary , ▁and ▁processing ▁a ▁physical ▁layer ▁operations ▁administration ▁and ▁maintenance ▁( P LO AM ) ▁cell ▁and ▁a ▁divided ▁slot ▁separately . ▁ ▁A ▁control ▁signal ▁generation ▁means ▁for ▁performing ▁a ▁media ▁access ▁control ▁( MA C ) ▁protocol ▁and ▁generating ▁variables ▁and ▁timing ▁signals ▁used ▁for ▁the |
▁down stream ▁frame ▁processing ▁means ▁and ▁the ▁up stream ▁frame ▁processing ▁means . ▁ ▁A ▁control ▁means ▁for ▁cont rolling ▁the ▁down stream ▁frame ▁processing ▁means ▁and ▁the ▁up stream ▁frame ▁processing ▁means ▁by ▁using ▁the ▁variables ▁and ▁the ▁timing ▁signals ▁from ▁the ▁control ▁signal ▁generation ▁means . ▁ ▁Category : F iber - opt ic ▁communic ations ▁Category : T ele communic ations ▁equipment <0x0A> </s> ▁Ś ā ṇ ḍ ily a ▁Vid ya ▁is ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁teach ings ▁of ▁vid y ā ▁or ▁philosophy ▁by ▁the ▁ancient ▁H indu ▁s age ▁Ś ā ṇ ḍ ily a . ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Ag ni ra has y ama ▁of ▁the ▁Sh at ap ath a ▁Up an ish ad , ▁and ▁its ▁pre cept s ▁are ▁also ▁set ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁Ch and og ya ▁Up an ish ad . ▁The ▁work ▁tre ats ▁of ▁the ▁universal ▁Ab solute ▁( B rah man ) ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁practice ▁of ▁faith ▁( B h ak ti ). ▁ ▁Author ▁Sand ily a ▁or ▁Ś ā ṇ ḍ ily a ▁( S ansk rit : श ा ण ् ड ि ल ् य ), ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁De val a ▁and ▁the ▁grand son ▁of ▁K ash y apa , ▁is ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Sh at ap ath a ▁Bra h mana ▁( X . vi . iii . 1 ) ▁of ▁the ▁Sh uk la ▁Y aj ur ved a , ▁ ▁with ▁the ▁Ch and og ya ▁Up |
an ish ad ▁( III . xiv . 1 ) ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁K auth uma ▁sh ā kh ā ▁of ▁the ▁Sam av eda , ▁and ▁with ▁the ▁B ri had ar any aka ▁Up an ish ad ▁( X . vi . 3 ) ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁con cluding ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Sh at ap ath a ▁Bra h mana . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁" U d ara - ▁Ś ā ṇ ḍ ily a ", ▁and ▁the ▁dis ci ple ▁of ▁At id han v ā n ▁Ś a un aka ▁who ▁taught ▁him ▁about ▁the ▁great ness ▁and ▁the ▁limit less ness ▁of ▁Bra h man . ▁He ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁prominent ▁met aph ys ical ▁philosoph ers . ▁He ▁con cludes ▁that ▁the ▁ess ence ▁of ▁the ▁soul ▁is ▁conscious ness ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁determin ate ▁( the ▁body , ▁the ▁individual , ▁the ▁see ker ) ▁finds ▁its ▁ult imate ▁rest ing ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁ind et erm inate ▁( P ur ush a , ▁Bra h man ) ▁as ▁the ▁ind et erm inate . ▁ ▁The ▁Ś ā ṇ ḍ ily a ▁Vid ya ▁The ▁Ś ā ṇ ḍ ily a ▁Vid ya ▁is ▁described ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁four ▁pass ages ▁in ▁the ▁Ch and og ya ▁Up an ish ad ▁( III . xiv . 1 - 4 ) ▁where in ▁Ś ā ṇ ḍ ily a ▁provides ▁the ▁cosm ological ▁proof ▁of ▁the ▁Ab solute ▁or ▁Bra h man |
, ▁the ▁supre me ▁life - pr inci ple , ▁from ▁whom ▁and ▁within ▁which ▁emer ge , ▁function , ▁evol ve ▁and ▁dissol ve ▁all ▁be ings ▁and ▁things . ▁Ś ā ṇ ḍ ily a ▁states :- ▁▁▁ स र ् व ं ▁ ख ल ् व ि द ं ▁ ब ् र ह ् म ▁ त ज ् ज ल ा न ि त ि ▁ श ा न ् त ▁ <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x89> प ा स ी त ▁ । ▁ अ थ ▁ ख ल ु ▁ क ् र त ु म य <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ प ु र ु ष ो ▁ य थ ा क ् र त ु र स ् म ि <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x81> ल ् ल ो क े ▁ प ु र ु ष ो ▁ भ व त ि ▁ त थ े त <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ प ् र े त ् य ▁ भ व त ि ▁ स ▁ क ् र त ु ं ▁ क ु र ् व ी त ▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xA5> ▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xA7> ▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xA5> ▁▁▁ 1 . ▁ ▁" ▁All ▁this ▁is ▁Bra h man . ▁From ▁It ▁the ▁universe ▁comes ▁forth , ▁in ▁It ▁the ▁universe ▁mer ges ▁and ▁in ▁It ▁the ▁universe ▁breath es . ▁Therefore ▁a ▁man ▁should ▁med itate ▁on ▁Bra h man ▁with ▁a ▁calm ▁mind . ▁ ▁Now , ▁ver ily , ▁a |
▁man ▁consists ▁of ▁will . ▁As ▁he ▁will s ▁in ▁this ▁world , ▁so ▁does ▁he ▁become ▁when ▁he ▁has ▁depart ed ▁hence . ▁Let ▁him ▁with ▁this ▁knowledge ▁in ▁mind ▁form ▁his ▁will . ▁" ▁▁▁ म न ो म य <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ प ् र ा ण श र ी र ो ▁ भ ा र ू प <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ स त ् य स <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x99> ् क ल ् प ▁ आ क ा श ा त ् म ा ▁ स र ् व क र ् म ा ▁ स र ् व क ा म <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ स र ् व ग न ् ध <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ स र ् व र स <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ स र ् व म ि द म भ ् य त ् त ो <0xE0> <0xA4> <0xBD> व ा क ् य न ा द र <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xA5> ▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xA8> ▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xA5> ▁▁ <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x8F> ष ▁ म ▁ आ त ् म ा न ् त र ् ह <0xE0> <0xA5> <0x83> द य े <0xE0> <0xA4> <0xBD> ण ी य ा न ् व ् र ी ह े र ् व ा ▁ य व ा द ् व ा ▁ स र ् ष प ा द ् व ा ▁ श ् य ा म ा क ा द ् व ा ▁ श |
् य ा म ा क त ण ् ड ु ल ा द ् व ै ष ▁ म ▁ आ त ् म ा न ् त र ् ह <0xE0> <0xA5> <0x83> द य े ▁ ज ् य ा य ा न ् प <0xE0> <0xA5> <0x83> थ ि व ् य ा ▁ ज ् य ा य ा न न ् त र ि क ् ष ा ज ् ज ् य ा य ा न ् द ि व ो ▁ ज ् य ा य ा न े भ ् य ो ▁ ल ो क े भ ् य <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xA5> ▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xA9> ▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xA5> ▁▁▁ 2 - 3 . ▁ ▁" ▁He ▁who ▁consists ▁of ▁the ▁mind , ▁whose ▁body ▁is ▁subt le , ▁whose ▁form ▁ ▁is ▁light , ▁whose ▁thoughts ▁are ▁true , ▁whose ▁nature ▁is ▁like ▁the ▁ak asa , ▁ ▁whose ▁creation ▁in ▁this ▁universe , ▁who ▁cher ishes ▁all ▁r igh te ous ▁ ▁des ires , ▁who ▁contains ▁all ▁pleasant ▁od ours , ▁who ▁is ▁end owed ▁with ▁ ▁all ▁t ast es , ▁who ▁em bra ces ▁all ▁this , ▁who ▁never ▁speak s ▁and ▁who ▁is ▁ ▁without ▁long ing — ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁my ▁Self ▁within ▁the ▁heart , ▁smaller ▁than ▁a ▁gra in ▁of ▁rice , ▁ ▁smaller ▁than ▁a ▁gra in ▁of ▁bar ley , ▁smaller ▁than ▁a ▁must ard ▁seed , |
▁ ▁smaller ▁than ▁a ▁gra in ▁of ▁mil let ; ▁He ▁is ▁my ▁Self ▁within ▁the ▁heart , ▁ ▁greater ▁than ▁the ▁earth , ▁greater ▁than ▁the ▁mid — region , ▁greater ▁ ▁than ▁heaven , ▁greater ▁than ▁all ▁these ▁world s . ▁" ▁▁▁ स र ् व क र ् म ा ▁ स र ् व क ा म <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ स र ् व ग न ् ध <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ स र ् व र स <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ स र ् व म ि द म भ ् य ा त ् त ो <0xE0> <0xA4> <0xBD> व ा क ् य न ा द र ▁ <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x8F> ष ▁ म ▁ आ त ् म ा न ् त र ् ह <0xE0> <0xA5> <0x83> द य ▁ <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x8F> त द ् ब ् र ह ् म ै त म ि त <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ प ् र े त ् य ा भ ि स ं भ व ि त ा स ् म ी त ि ▁ य स ् य ▁ स ् य ा द द ् ध ा ▁ न ▁ व ि च ि क ि त ् स ा स ् त ी त ि ▁ ह ▁ स ् म ा ह ▁ श ा ण ् ड ि ल ् य <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> ▁ श ा ण ् ड ि ल ् य <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x83> |
▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xA5> ▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xAA> ▁ <0xE0> <0xA5> <0xA5> ▁▁▁ 4 . ▁▁ ▁" ▁He ▁whose ▁creation ▁is ▁this ▁universe , ▁who ▁cher ishes ▁all ▁des ires , ▁ ▁who ▁contains ▁all ▁od ours , ▁who ▁is ▁end owed ▁with ▁all ▁t ast es , ▁who ▁ ▁em bra ces ▁all ▁this , ▁who ▁never ▁speak s ▁and ▁who ▁is ▁without ▁ ▁long ing — He ▁is ▁my ▁Self ▁within ▁the ▁heart , ▁He ▁is ▁that ▁Bra h man . ▁ ▁When ▁I ▁shall ▁have ▁depart ed ▁hence ▁I ▁shall ▁certainly ▁reach ▁Him : ▁ ▁one ▁who ▁has ▁this ▁faith ▁and ▁has ▁no ▁doubt ▁will ▁certainly ▁att ain ▁to ▁that ▁God head . ▁Thus ▁said ▁Sand ily a , ▁ye a , ▁thus ▁he ▁said . ▁" ▁ ▁In ▁these ▁four ▁pass ages ▁Ś ā ṇ ḍ ily a ▁gives ▁us ▁the ▁cosm ological ▁proof ▁of ▁the ▁Ab solute , ▁the ▁Universal ▁ Ā tm ā n ▁or ▁T aj jal ā n ▁( S ansk rit : त ज ् ज ल ा न ). ▁It ▁is ▁that ▁from ▁which ▁things ▁are ▁born , ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁live ▁and ▁repair . ▁According ▁to ▁one ' s ▁own ▁kar ma ▁in ▁this ▁life ▁is ▁sh aped ▁the ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁next ▁world . ▁The ▁ Ā tm ā n ▁is ▁a ▁positive ▁entity , ▁both ▁great ▁and ▁small , ▁infinite ▁and ▁inf init es imal , ▁surely ▁reach able ▁after ▁death . ▁That ▁Universal ▁ Ā tm ā n ▁res |
ides ▁in ▁the ▁heart ▁of ▁all ▁as ▁the ▁individual ▁self . ▁My ▁soul ▁is ▁Bra h man . ▁He ▁describes ▁in ▁a ▁positive ▁way ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁creation ▁from ▁the ▁ Ā tm ā n , ▁T aj jal ā n ▁is ▁the ▁universe ▁identified ▁with ▁the ▁chang eless ▁Bra h man , ▁who ▁is ▁not ▁bound ▁by ▁space ▁and ▁time , ▁having ▁three ▁attributes ▁– ▁cre ator , ▁pres er ver ▁and ▁destroy er ▁of ▁the ▁universe , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁individual ▁self ▁is ▁Bra h man ▁in ▁its ▁essential ▁nature . ▁All ▁this ▁is ▁Bra h man . ▁ ▁The ▁Ś ā ṇ ḍ ily a ▁Vid ya ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Ag ni ra has y ama ▁of ▁the ▁Sh at ap ath a ▁Up an ish ad , ▁briefly ▁described ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁two ▁pass ages ▁( SB ▁X . vi . iii . 1 - 2 ): - ▁▁ 1 . ▁" Let ▁him ▁med itate ▁upon ▁the ▁' true ▁Bra h man .' ▁Now , ▁man ▁here , ▁indeed , ▁is ▁possessed ▁of ▁understanding , ▁and ▁according ▁to ▁how ▁great ▁his ▁understanding ▁is ▁when ▁he ▁dep arts ▁this ▁world , ▁so ▁does ▁he , ▁on ▁passing ▁away , ▁enter ▁y onder ▁world ." ▁▁ 2 . ▁" Let ▁him ▁med itate ▁on ▁the ▁Self , ▁which ▁is ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁intelligence , ▁and ▁end owed ▁with ▁a ▁body ▁of ▁spirit , ▁with ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁light , ▁and ▁with ▁an ▁eth ere al ▁nature , ▁which ▁changes |
▁its ▁shape ▁at ▁will , ▁is ▁swift ▁as ▁thought , ▁of ▁true ▁resolve , ▁and ▁true ▁purpose , ▁which ▁consists ▁of ▁all ▁sweet ▁od ours ▁and ▁t ast es , ▁which ▁holds ▁s way ▁over ▁all ▁the ▁regions ▁and ▁per v ades ▁this ▁whole ▁universe , ▁which ▁is ▁speech less ▁and ▁ind ifferent ; ▁even ▁as ▁a ▁gra in ▁of ▁rice , ▁or ▁a ▁gra in ▁of ▁bar ley , ▁or ▁a ▁gra in ▁of ▁mil let , ▁or ▁the ▁smallest ▁gran ule ▁of ▁mil let , ▁so ▁is ▁this ▁golden ▁Pur ush a ▁in ▁the ▁heart ; ▁even ▁as ▁a ▁sm ok eless ▁light , ▁it ▁is ▁greater ▁than ▁the ▁sky , ▁greater ▁than ▁the ▁ ether , ▁greater ▁than ▁the ▁earth , ▁greater ▁than ▁all ▁existing ▁things ; -- that ▁self ▁of ▁the ▁spirit ▁( bre ath ) ▁is ▁my ▁self : ▁on ▁passing ▁away ▁from ▁hence ▁I ▁shall ▁obtain ▁that ▁self . ▁Ver ily , ▁wh oso ever ▁has ▁this ▁trust , ▁for ▁him ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁uncertainty . ▁Thus ▁sp ake ▁Sand ily a , ▁and ▁so ▁it ▁is ." ▁ ▁Here , ▁it ▁is ▁most ▁compreh ens ively ▁explained ▁that ▁the ▁ Ā tm ā n ▁within ▁the ▁body ▁and ▁the ▁mind ▁etc ., ▁is ▁the ▁same ▁as ▁the ▁all - per v ading ▁Pur ush a ▁who ▁is ▁the ▁source , ▁support , ▁power ▁and ▁light ▁of ▁entire ▁creation . ▁The ▁first ▁form ulation ▁of ▁H indu ▁idea ▁of ▁God ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁Sh at ap ath |
a ▁Bra h mana ▁is ▁repeated ▁in ▁Sand ily a ▁Vid ya . ▁The ▁s age ▁addresses ▁I sh var a ▁( G od ) ▁as ▁At man ▁or ▁Pur ush a ▁or ▁Bra h man ▁as ▁the ▁' cre ator ' ▁and ▁' over l ord ' ▁of ▁all ▁things ▁that ▁have ▁been ▁and ▁are ▁to ▁be . ▁The ▁Sand ily a ▁Do ctrine ▁of ▁Bh ak ti ▁( fa ith ), ▁called ▁Sand ily a ▁Vid ya ▁by ▁V ed ant as ara , ▁l ays ▁stress ▁on ▁dev ot ional ▁med itations ▁directed ▁towards ▁S ag una ▁Bra h man ▁i . e . ▁Bra h man ▁viewed ▁as ▁possessed ▁of ▁qual ities . ▁ ▁Y aj nav alk ya ▁extends ▁the ▁doctrine ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁imm ort al ▁soul ▁in ▁each ▁being ▁by ▁explaining ▁that ▁the ▁soul , ▁which ▁is ▁Bra h man ▁consisting ▁of ▁conscious ness , ▁mind , ▁etc ., ▁based ▁on ▁desire ▁passes ▁from ▁one ▁body ▁to ▁another ; ▁the ▁one ▁who ▁is ▁without ▁desire ▁is ▁not ▁re born ▁and ▁becomes ▁Bra h man . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Category : V ed anta ▁Category : B rah man as ▁Category : Up an ish ads ▁Category : S ansk rit ▁words ▁and ▁phr ases ▁Category : H indu ▁philosoph ical ▁concepts <0x0A> </s> ▁ İ n ci ▁S ö z l ük ▁is ▁a ▁Turkish ▁online ▁social ▁community ▁website . ▁The ▁website ▁is ▁often ▁compared ▁to ▁ 4 chan ▁and ▁regarded ▁as ▁the ▁Turkish ▁version ▁of |
▁it . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁official ▁webpage ▁of ▁the ▁community ▁there ▁are ▁stars ▁for ▁famous ▁pr anks ▁they ▁organized . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁announ ce ▁an ▁anom aly ▁in ▁Twitter ' s ▁code ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁Un sc rup ul ous ▁users ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁explo it ▁this ▁bug ▁to ▁add ▁un conf ir med ▁users ▁to ▁members ' ▁" follow ing " ▁list . ▁The ▁community ▁also ▁ab used ▁the ▁translation ▁function ▁of ▁facebook ▁by ▁mass - v oting ▁for ▁dirty ▁and ▁suggest ive ▁transl ations . ▁The ▁community ▁is ▁also ▁widely ▁bl amed ▁for ▁the ▁ho ax ▁regarding ▁A til la ▁Ta ş , ▁a ▁Turkish ▁pop ▁singer ▁who ▁they ▁started ▁lab elling ▁as ▁Greek ▁after ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁his ▁Gang nam ▁Style ▁par ody ▁" Y am ▁Yam ▁Style ", ▁which ▁was ▁widely ▁critic ised ▁in ▁Turkey . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : T urk ish ▁social ▁networking ▁websites <0x0A> </s> ▁Ant ón io ▁Fern and es ▁( born ▁ 1 8 ▁June ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁died ▁ 2 ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 2 ), ▁known ▁as ▁Ya ú ca , ▁was ▁a ▁former ▁Portuguese ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁forward . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Ya ú ca ▁gained ▁ 1 0 ▁caps ▁and ▁scored ▁ 4 ▁goals ▁for ▁Portugal . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁ 1 1 ▁November ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁in ▁Paris ▁against ▁France , ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 5 |
▁defeat . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁St ats ▁Eu - Foot ball ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : Port ug uese ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards ▁Category : Pr ime ira ▁Liga ▁players ▁Category : C . F . ▁Os ▁Bel en enses ▁players ▁Category : S . L . ▁Ben fica ▁football ers ▁Category : Port ug al ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : 1 9 9 2 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁LP GA ▁Championship ▁was ▁the ▁ 5 7 th ▁LP GA ▁Championship , ▁held ▁June ▁ 2 3 – 2 6 ▁at ▁Loc ust ▁Hill ▁Country ▁Club ▁in ▁Pitts ford , ▁New ▁York , ▁a ▁sub urb ▁sout heast ▁of ▁Ro chester . ▁Kn own ▁for ▁spons or ship ▁reasons ▁as ▁the ▁Weg mans ▁LP GA ▁Championship , ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁of ▁four ▁major ▁champion ships ▁on ▁the ▁LP GA ▁Tour ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁season . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁of ▁four ▁consecutive ▁years ▁the ▁LP GA ▁Championship ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁Loc ust ▁Hill . ▁ ▁The ▁champion ▁was ▁Y ani ▁Ts eng , ▁age ▁ 2 2 , ▁with ▁a ▁ 2 6 9 ▁( − 1 9 ) ▁to ▁win ▁by ▁ten ▁stro kes ▁over ▁Morgan ▁Press el . ▁It ▁was ▁Ts eng ' s ▁second ▁LP GA ▁Championship ▁victory ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁and ▁fourth ▁major ▁championship . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁her ▁third ▁victory ▁of ▁ |
2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁e ighth ▁career ▁win ▁on ▁the ▁LP GA ▁Tour . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁consecutive ▁year ▁with ▁a ▁double - digit ▁victory ▁margin . ▁Def ending ▁champion ▁Crist ie ▁K err ▁tied ▁for ▁third , ▁eleven ▁stro kes ▁back ; ▁she ▁won ▁by ▁twelve ▁stro kes ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Cour se ▁layout ▁ ▁Field ▁The ▁field ▁was ▁composed ▁of ▁ 1 5 0 ▁players , ▁which ▁included ▁one ▁amateur , ▁with ▁the ▁cut ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁ 7 0 ▁players ▁and ▁t ies ▁after ▁the ▁second ▁round . ▁ ▁Past ▁champions ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁ ▁All ▁eight ▁former ▁champions ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁made ▁the ▁cut . ▁ ▁Tournament ▁summary ▁ ▁First ▁round ▁Th urs day , ▁June ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁Source : ▁ ▁Second ▁round ▁Friday , ▁June ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁The ▁cut ▁was ▁at ▁ 1 4 6 ▁(+ 2 ) ▁or ▁better ▁and ▁ 7 8 ▁players ▁advanced ▁to ▁play ▁on ▁the ▁week end . ▁The ▁only ▁amateur , ▁ 1 8 - year - old ▁Daniel le ▁K ang , ▁made ▁the ▁cut . ▁K ang ▁was ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Women ' s ▁Am ateur ▁champion ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁and ▁would ▁repeat ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Source : ▁ ▁Third ▁round ▁Saturday , ▁June ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁Source : ▁ |
▁Final ▁round ▁Sunday , ▁June ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁Source : ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁LP GA ▁Tour ▁leader board ▁ ▁Category : W omen ' s ▁P GA ▁Championship ▁Category : G olf ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁LP GA ▁Championship ▁LP GA ▁Championship ▁LP GA ▁Championship ▁LP GA ▁Championship <0x0A> </s> ▁Car rick fer g us ▁ ▁was ▁a ▁constitu ency ▁represented ▁in ▁the ▁Irish ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁from ▁ 1 3 2 6 ▁to ▁ 1 8 0 0 . ▁ ▁B ound aries ▁and ▁B ound ary ▁Ch anges ▁This ▁constitu ency ▁was ▁the ▁bor ough ▁of ▁Car rick fer g us ▁in ▁County ▁An trim . ▁It ▁returned ▁two ▁members ▁to ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Ireland ▁to ▁ 1 8 0 0 . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁the ▁Patri ot ▁Parliament ▁of ▁ 1 6 8 9 ▁sum mon ed ▁by ▁King ▁James ▁II , ▁Car rick fer g us ▁was ▁not ▁represented . ▁Following ▁the ▁Act ▁of ▁Union ▁ 1 8 0 0 ▁the ▁bor ough ▁retained ▁one ▁parliament ary ▁seat ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁House ▁of ▁Commons . ▁ ▁M embers ▁of ▁Parliament , ▁ 1 3 2 6 – 1 8 0 1 ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Category : C arr ick fer g us ▁Category : Const itu encies ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Ireland ▁( pre - 1 8 0 1 ) ▁Category : H istor ic ▁constitu encies ▁in ▁County ▁An trim ▁Category |
: 1 3 2 6 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Ireland ▁Category : 1 8 0 0 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁Ireland ▁Category : Const itu encies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 3 2 6 ▁Category : Const itu encies ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 0 <0x0A> </s> ▁W eli ▁O ya , ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁sin hal ese ▁settlement ▁area ▁in ▁Mul la ith iv u ▁District ▁in ▁Northern ▁province ▁in ▁Sri ▁L anka . ▁W eli ▁O ya ▁has ▁been ▁affected ▁by ▁the ▁Sri ▁L ank an ▁civil ▁war ▁and ▁government ▁colon ization ▁programs . ▁ ▁W eli ▁O ya ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁tradition ally ▁before ▁the ▁launch ▁of ▁government ▁colon ization ▁programs . ▁A ▁body ▁of ▁running ▁water ▁moving ▁to ▁a ▁lower ▁level ▁in ▁a ▁channel ▁on ▁land ▁is ▁called ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁in ▁T amil . ▁It ▁is ▁hem med ▁between ▁An ur ad h ap ura , ▁Mul lait iv u , ▁Tr in com ale e ▁and ▁V av un ia ▁District s . ▁It ▁is ▁called ▁the ▁" border ▁village " ▁( s ) ▁since ▁the ▁territory ▁north ▁of ▁W eli ▁O ya ▁was ▁previously ▁under ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁Liber ation ▁Tig ers ▁of ▁T amil ▁E el am . ▁ ▁Today ▁ 1 8 ▁villages ▁in ▁W eli ▁O ya . ▁ 3 , 3 3 6 ▁families ▁and ▁ 1 1 , 1 8 9 ▁people ▁living ▁in ▁this ▁settlement ▁division . ▁Major ity ▁of |
▁them ▁are ▁Sin hal ese . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁ ▁This ▁area ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁Man al ▁A ru . ▁Man al ▁in ▁T amil ▁means ▁sand , ▁A ru ▁in ▁T amil ▁means ▁river . ▁A ▁body ▁of ▁running ▁water ▁moving ▁to ▁a ▁lower ▁level ▁in ▁a ▁channel ▁on ▁land ▁is ▁called ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁in ▁T amil . ▁ ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 3 , 2 8 8 ▁T amil ▁families ▁living ▁in ▁ 4 2 ▁villages ▁for ▁gener ations ▁including ▁K ok k ul ai ▁Gr ama ▁Se v ak ar ▁Division ▁( 1 5 1 6 ▁T amil ▁families ), ▁K ok ku ▁– Th odu va i ▁Gr ama ▁Se v ak ar ▁Division ▁( 3 3 0 6 ▁T amil ▁families ), ▁V av un ia ▁North ▁Gr ama ▁Se v ak ar ▁Division ▁( 1 3 4 2 ▁T amil ▁families ), ▁Other ▁Div isions ▁of ▁Mul lait iv u ▁District ▁including ▁N ai yar u ▁and ▁K um ul am un ai ▁( ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁T amil ▁families ). ▁These ▁Trad itional ▁T amil ▁far ming ▁villages ▁inter sp ers ed ▁with ▁small ▁and ▁large ▁far ms ▁owned ▁by ▁T amil s ▁or ▁held ▁on ▁long ▁le ase ▁by ▁T amil - owned ▁business ▁enter pr ises . ▁ ▁The ▁le ase ▁for ▁ 9 9 ▁years ▁was ▁granted ▁by ▁the ▁government ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁extent ▁of ▁individual ▁hold ings |
▁varied ▁from ▁ten ▁to ▁fifty ▁acres . ▁ ▁Business ▁concerns ▁held ▁large ▁far ms ▁and ▁ 1 6 ▁of ▁them ▁were ▁a ▁thousand ▁acres ▁and ▁more . ▁ ▁Among ▁the ▁large ▁far ms ▁were : ▁Naval ar ▁farm , ▁C ey lon ▁The at res ▁farm , ▁Kent ▁farm , ▁Railway ▁Group ▁Farm , ▁Post master ▁Group ▁Farm ▁and ▁D ollar ▁Farm . ▁ ▁Col on ization ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁T amil ▁families ▁were ▁living ▁in ▁ 4 2 ▁villages ▁for ▁gener ations ▁were ▁asked ▁to ▁vac ate ▁their ▁homes ▁and ▁far ml ands ▁within ▁ 4 8 ▁hours ▁or ▁face ▁ev iction ▁by ▁force ▁in ▁case ▁of ▁default . ▁The ▁Military ▁went ▁around ▁these ▁villages ▁in ▁arm ored ▁tr uck ed ▁and ▁made ▁loud ▁announ cement ▁over ▁public ▁address ▁systems ▁mounted ▁on ▁the ▁tr uck s . ▁The ▁Military ▁also ▁announced ▁the ▁government ▁has ▁cancel led ▁the ▁ 9 9 ▁years ▁le ase ▁in ▁respect ▁of ▁the ▁lands ▁given ▁to ▁ 1 4 ▁T amil ▁entrepr ene urs . ▁ ▁T amil ▁opposition ▁to ▁settlement ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁by ▁Sin hal ese ▁led ▁to ▁violence ▁through ▁the ▁Liber ation ▁Tig ers ▁of ▁T amil ▁E el am ▁which ▁attacked ▁the ▁Kent ▁and ▁D ollar ▁Farm ▁settlement ▁at ▁W eli ▁O ya , ▁killing ▁ 6 2 . ▁ ▁After ▁settlement s ▁inhab ited ▁by ▁eth nic ▁Sin hal ese ▁near ▁Mad uru ▁O ya ▁Bas in ▁in ▁V ad am un ai , ▁Eastern ▁Province ▁began ▁to ▁enc ro |
ach ▁on ▁state ▁land ▁creating ▁a ▁controvers y ▁the ▁Sin hal ese ▁were ▁e ject ed ▁from ▁the ▁east ▁and ▁res ett led ▁along ▁a ▁line ▁from ▁Pad avi ya ▁to ▁Ned unk erni ▁in ▁the ▁north , ▁in ▁the ▁Mul lait iv u ▁district ▁with ▁j ung les ▁being ▁cleared ▁and ▁new ▁roads ▁being ▁opened ▁from ▁Pad avi ya ▁to ▁D ollar ▁Farm , ▁K umb ak arn an ▁Mal ai , ▁Ari y ak und am , ▁K ok k uch ch ank ul am , ▁K ok k utt od uw ai ▁and ▁V ed du kk an ▁mal ai . ▁The ▁project ▁was ▁done ▁with ▁the ▁resources ▁and ▁vehicles ▁of ▁the ▁Army , ▁Agr arian ▁Services , ▁Ill men ite ▁Corporation , ▁Tob acco ▁Corporation ▁and ▁Pet role um ▁Corporation . ▁Despite ▁its ▁scale ▁the ▁project ▁began ▁suddenly ▁without ▁the ▁knowledge ▁of ▁either ▁the ▁residents ▁or ▁Government ▁Ag ents ▁of ▁V av uni ya ▁or ▁Mul lait iv u ▁including ▁AG As ▁Land ▁Offic ers . ▁Further ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁conv ict s ▁in ▁the ▁project ▁affected ▁nearby ▁villages ▁which ▁were ▁inhab ited ▁by ▁T amil s ▁and ▁several ▁cr imes ▁r anging ▁from ▁rob ber y ▁to ▁ra pe ▁committed ▁by ▁conv ict ▁workers ▁were ▁reported . ▁ ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁becomes ▁W eli ▁O ya ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁- ▁Ext ra ▁ordinary ▁Gazette ▁notification ▁The ▁traditional ▁T amil ▁region ▁known ▁as ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁named ▁as ▁W eli ▁O ya ▁( Man |
al ▁in ▁T amil ▁translated ▁into ▁Sin hal ese ▁becomes ▁W eli ; ▁A ru ▁in ▁T amil ▁translated ▁into ▁Sin hal ese ▁O ya ) ▁in ▁Sin h ala ▁by ▁an ▁extra ▁ordinary ▁gaz ette ▁notification ▁dated ▁ 1 6 ▁April ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁W eli ▁O ya ▁was ▁proc laimed ▁the ▁ 2 6 th ▁District ▁of ▁Sri ▁L anka . ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁was ▁lies ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁Sin h ala ▁colon ization ▁scheme ▁of ▁Pad avia ▁and ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁this ▁administrative ▁division ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁Path avi ya ▁and ▁was ▁brought ▁under ▁the ▁An ur ad h ap ura ▁administrative ▁district . ▁ ▁S ett lement s ▁in ▁the ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁as ▁a ▁dry ▁zone ▁far mer ▁col ony ▁under ▁the ▁land ▁Commission , ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁later ▁acquired ▁by ▁the ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁Mah aw eli ▁Econom ic ▁Agency ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁and ▁declared ▁as ▁the ▁Mah aw eli ▁‘ L ’ ▁zone . ▁The ▁land ▁was ▁officially ▁renamed ▁W eli ▁O ya ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁ ▁Col on isation ▁after ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁After ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁Liber ation ▁Tig ers ▁of ▁T amil ▁E el am , ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁Mah aw eli ▁Author ity ▁started ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁colon isation ▁again ▁in ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁area ▁in ▁W eli ▁o ya ▁project |
▁of ▁the ▁Mah aw eli ▁L - zone , ▁which ▁covered ▁the ▁districts ▁of ▁Mul lait iv u , ▁Tr in com ale e , ▁V av uni ya ▁and ▁An ur ad h ap ura . ▁Sin hal ese ▁were ▁settled ▁in ▁tradition ally ▁T amil ▁land , ▁given ▁land , ▁money ▁to ▁build ▁homes ▁and ▁security ▁provided ▁by ▁the ▁Special ▁Task ▁Force . ▁Although ▁the ▁scheme ▁covered ▁four ▁districts , ▁administration ▁was ▁handled ▁from ▁the ▁Sin hal ese ▁domin ated ▁An ur ad h ap ura ▁district . ▁The ▁scheme ▁ar oused ▁much ▁anger ▁amongst ▁the ▁T amil s . ▁ ▁Today ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁is ▁Sin hal ese . ▁ ▁Military ▁and ▁Str ateg ic ▁importance ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Sri ▁L ank an ▁Civil ▁War ▁batt les ▁List ▁of ▁attacks ▁attributed ▁to ▁the ▁L T TE ▁List ▁of ▁attacks ▁attributed ▁to ▁the ▁Sri ▁L ank an ▁military ▁Notable ▁assass in ations ▁of ▁the ▁Sri ▁L ank an ▁Civil ▁War ▁List ▁of ▁civil ▁wars ▁T amil ▁E el am ▁Self - det erm ination ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁S ens itive ▁colon ization ▁in ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁( Wel io ya ) ▁area ▁in ▁Mul la ith iv u ▁district ▁ ▁Pi rap ah aran , ▁Chapter ▁ 2 3 ▁by ▁T . ▁Sab ar at nam , ▁( Volume ▁ 2 ) ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁becomes ▁W eli ▁O ya ▁ ▁At ▁Man al ▁A ru ▁( ▁W eli ▁O ya |
▁) ▁Sin hal ese ▁State ▁Eth n ically ▁Cle ans ed ▁T amil s ▁By ▁V . Th ang avel u ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Northern ▁Province , ▁Sri ▁L anka <0x0A> </s> ▁Wend y ▁Ell is ▁Som es ▁( born ▁ 6 ▁December ▁ 1 9 5 1 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁principal ▁ball er ina ▁with ▁the ▁Royal ▁Bal let ▁in ▁London , ▁and ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁world wide ▁producer ▁of ▁the ▁Sir ▁Frederick ▁As ht on ▁bal lets ▁C inder ella ▁and ▁Sym ph onic ▁Vari ations . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁born ▁Wend y ▁Rose ▁Ell is ▁in ▁Black burn , ▁and ▁received ▁her ▁early ▁training ▁at ▁the ▁Car lot ta ▁School ▁of ▁Dance , ▁later ▁winning ▁a ▁British ▁Bal let ▁Organ ization ▁scholar ship . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁she ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁study ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Bal let ▁School , ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁London ▁with ▁her ▁parents ▁to ▁continue ▁training . ▁She ▁started ▁there ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁and ▁joined ▁the ▁Royal ▁Bal let ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Early ▁career ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Bal let ▁ ▁Initial ly ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁corps ▁de ▁bal let , ▁Ell is ▁quickly ▁progress ed ▁to ▁solo ▁roles ▁such ▁as ▁Princess ▁Flor ine ▁in ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y , ▁the ▁Young ▁Girl ▁in ▁As ht on ' s ▁The ▁Two ▁P ige ons ▁and ▁L ise ▁in ▁another ▁As ht on ▁bal let , ▁La ▁fille |
▁mal ▁gard ée . ▁It ▁was ▁during ▁this ▁time ▁that ▁she ▁met ▁and ▁fell ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁her ▁future ▁husband ▁Michael ▁Som es . ▁ ▁Ell is ▁later ▁dan ced ▁in ▁many ▁Royal ▁Bal let ▁produ ctions , ▁with ▁notable ▁main / leading ▁parts ▁in ▁bal lets ▁by ▁As ht on ▁( C inder ella , ▁La ▁fille ▁mal ▁gard ée , ▁Sym ph onic ▁Vari ations , ▁The ▁Dream , ▁En igma ▁Vari ations , ▁A ▁Month ▁in ▁the ▁Country , ▁Jazz ▁Calendar , ▁Les ▁Pat ine urs , ▁A ▁Wed ding ▁Bou quet , ▁Fa ç ade ), ▁alongside ▁roles ▁in ▁his ▁Les ▁R ende z vous , ▁Sc ènes ▁de ▁bal let , ▁B irth day ▁Of fer ing , ▁La ▁V alse ▁and ▁Mon ot ones ▁I ). ▁She ▁dan ced ▁main ▁roles ▁in ▁the ▁bal lets ▁of ▁Sir ▁Kenneth ▁Mac Mill an ▁( R ome o ▁and ▁Jul iet , ▁May er ling , ▁Gl oria ), ▁with ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁Princess ▁Steph anie ▁in ▁May er ling ▁, ▁and ▁her ▁role ▁in ▁Gl oria ▁, ▁created ▁for ▁her ▁by ▁Mac Mill an . ▁Among ▁the ▁other ▁Mac Mill an ▁works , ▁she ▁performed ▁in ▁The ▁R ite ▁of ▁Spring , ▁The ▁Inv itation , ▁Song ▁of ▁the ▁Earth , ▁El ite ▁S ync op ations ▁and ▁My ▁Bro ther , ▁My ▁Sister s . ▁She ▁also ▁dan ced ▁in ▁works ▁by ▁George ▁Bal anch ine , ▁Bron is lava ▁N ij in ska , ▁Hans ▁van ▁Man |
en , ▁Jer ome ▁Rob b ins ▁and ▁John ▁Ne ume ier , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁class ics , ▁including ▁the ▁main ▁role ▁of ▁Aur ora ▁in ▁S leep ing ▁Beaut y . ▁She ▁retired ▁from ▁dan cing ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁Career ▁as ▁a ▁bal let ▁producer ▁ ▁After ▁ret iring , ▁Ell is ▁began ▁to ▁work ▁more ▁closely ▁with ▁Som es ▁on ▁bal let ▁production . ▁Som es ▁and ▁As ht on ▁had ▁been ▁friends ▁and ▁collabor ators ▁since ▁before ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁and ▁Som es ▁had ▁st aged ▁many ▁of ▁As ht on ' s ▁bal lets ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Bal let ▁and ▁elsewhere ▁after ▁his ▁ret irement ▁from ▁classical ▁dan cing ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁( he ▁continued ▁in ▁character ▁roles ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁years ▁afterwards ). ▁As ht on ▁be que athed ▁his ▁C inder ella ▁and ▁Sym ph onic ▁Vari ations ▁to ▁Som es ▁on ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁Ell is ▁and ▁Som es ▁together ▁produced ▁C inder ella ▁with ▁the ▁Royal ▁Swedish ▁Bal let ▁in ▁Stockholm , ▁and ▁Sym ph onic ▁Vari ations ▁with ▁American ▁Bal let ▁Theatre ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁Som es ▁subsequently ▁w illed ▁his ▁As ht on ▁bal lets ▁to ▁Ell is , ▁and ▁they ▁passed ▁to ▁her ▁on ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁Ell is ▁subsequently ▁produced ▁As ht on ' s ▁C inder ella ▁with ▁the |
▁National ▁Bal let ▁of ▁Japan ▁at ▁the ▁New ▁National ▁Theatre ▁in ▁Tokyo , ▁the ▁Royal ▁Bal let ▁itself ▁( cre ating ▁a ▁new ▁production ▁with ▁design ers ▁To er ▁van ▁Sch ay k ▁and ▁Christ ine ▁Haw orth ▁), ▁the ▁J off rey ▁Bal let ▁in ▁Chicago ▁and ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁, ▁the ▁Polish ▁National ▁Bal let ▁in ▁Wars aw , ▁Bal let ▁West ▁in ▁Salt ▁Lake ▁City , ▁Boston ▁Bal let ▁in ▁Boston ▁and ▁American ▁Bal let ▁Theatre ▁ ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁She ▁has ▁also ▁produced ▁Sym ph onic ▁Vari ations ▁with ▁the ▁Dutch ▁National ▁Bal let ▁in ▁Amsterdam , ▁the ▁Royal ▁Bal let ▁, ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Bal let ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁the ▁B irmingham ▁Royal ▁Bal let ▁ ▁at ▁Sad ler ' s ▁Well s ▁Theatre ▁in ▁London , ▁Sar as ota ▁Bal let ▁in ▁Sar as ota , ▁Florida , ▁Australian ▁Bal let ▁in ▁Sydney , ▁Australia , ▁B alle tt ▁am ▁Rhein ▁in ▁Düsseldorf , ▁Germany ▁and ▁the ▁Washington ▁Bal let ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C .. ▁ ▁Media ▁ ▁Ell is ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁South ▁Bank ▁Show ▁television ▁document ary ▁about ▁May er ling . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁inv itation ▁of ▁Mar got ▁F onte yn , ▁Ell is ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁BBC ▁Television ▁series ▁" The ▁Magic ▁of ▁Dance " ▁hosted ▁by ▁F onte yn , ▁performing ▁L ise ▁in ▁an ▁ex cer pt ▁from ▁As ht on ' s ▁La ▁fille ▁mal |
▁gard ée . ▁ ▁Ell is ▁also ▁appeared ▁as ▁an ▁interview ee ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Tony ▁Pal mer ▁film ▁about ▁F onte yn , ▁entitled ▁" M arg ot ". ▁ ▁Qu otes ▁▁ ▁" The ▁music ▁is ▁what ▁inspired ▁me ▁to ▁dance , ▁and ▁it ▁always ▁comes ▁first " ▁ ▁" The ▁steps ▁are ▁only ▁a ▁means ▁to ▁an ▁end . ▁It ' s ▁the ▁quality ▁that ' s ▁important " ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Rel ated ▁Link s ▁▁ ▁Frederick ▁As ht on ▁bi ography ▁ ▁A ▁t ribute ▁to ▁Sir ▁Frederick ▁As ht on ▁by ▁the ▁Royal ▁Opera ▁House ▁ ▁Wend y ▁Ell is ▁Som es ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pr incipal ▁d anc ers ▁of ▁The ▁Royal ▁Bal let ▁Category : English ▁ball er inas <0x0A> </s> ▁T ina ▁Kra use ▁( born ▁July ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁film ▁actress , ▁producer , ▁director , ▁and ▁model . ▁ ▁Career ▁Refer red ▁to ▁as ▁a ▁' B ▁Movie ▁Queen ', ▁and ▁an ▁' Ind ie ▁Hor ror ▁Queen ', ▁the ▁bulk ▁of ▁her ▁film ▁work ▁has ▁been ▁with ▁sho est ring - bud get ▁independent ▁produ cers ▁of ▁horror ▁films ▁and ▁er otic ▁spo of s . ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁at ▁Hor ror ▁Society , ▁she ▁states ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁" dis cover ed " ▁at ▁Ch iller ▁Theatre ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁acting ▁" |
ever ▁since ". ▁Her ▁first ▁feature ▁was ▁Sor or ity ▁S la ugh ter ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁she ▁was ▁in ▁her ▁ 3 0 s , ▁she ▁had ▁become ▁a ▁" h uge ▁fan ▁favorite ". ▁ ▁Kra use ▁has ▁appeared ▁in ▁over ▁ 7 8 ▁independent , ▁direct - to - video ▁features , ▁including ▁Pen ny ▁D read ful , ▁The ▁D run ken ▁Dead ▁Guy , ▁The ▁Th irst ing , ▁Z omb ie ged don , ▁and ▁Play ▁Dead . ▁She ▁also ▁worked ▁several ▁times ▁with ▁Red Let ter Media , ▁including ▁on ▁The ▁Rec over ed , ▁Fe eding ▁F ren zy , ▁and ▁The ▁Grab ow sk is . ▁She ▁has ▁also ▁done ▁some ▁fet ish ▁model ing , ▁sometimes ▁under ▁the ▁stage ▁name ▁M ia ▁Cop ia . ▁She ▁is ▁in ▁Hor rot ica ▁which ▁began ▁its ▁principal ▁film ing ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁York – New ▁Jersey ▁area ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁she ▁port rayed ▁S ally ▁in ▁Richard ▁Ch and ler ' s ▁Christmas ▁comedy ▁film ▁Sc ro oge ▁in ▁the ▁H ood , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁par ody ▁of ▁Charles ▁Dick ens ' ▁ ▁Part ial ▁film ography ▁ ▁Sor or ity ▁S la ugh ter ▁( 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ ▁R ana , ▁Queen ▁of ▁the ▁Amazon ▁( 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ ▁R ana ▁and ▁the ▁Ven ge ance ▁of ▁Il sa |
▁von ▁Tod d ▁( 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ ▁Fem ale ▁Mer cen aries ▁on ▁Z omb ie ▁Island ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁Sor or ity ▁S la ugh ter ▁ 2 ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ ▁D anger ▁in ▁Blue ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ ▁Cur se ▁of ▁the ▁Sw amp ▁Cre ature ▁ 2 ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁ ▁Blood lett ing ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Hyp not ic ▁Mur ders ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Ps y cho ▁Sister s ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Dead ▁Stud ents ▁Society ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁The ▁V amp ire ' s ▁S edu ction ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Ev il ▁Stre ets ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Sc ary ▁Sex y ▁Dis aster ▁Movie ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁E aten ▁A live : ▁A ▁T aste ful ▁Re ven ge ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁C rim son ▁N ights ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁C ann ib al ▁Doctor ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁M ist y ' s ▁Secret ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁D inner ▁for ▁Two ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁D anger ▁in ▁Blue ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁C rim son ▁N ights : ▁V amp ire ' s ▁S edu ction ▁ |
2 ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁International ▁Ne ck t ie ▁Str ang ler ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁( as ▁M ia ▁Cop ia ) ▁ ▁St raw berry ▁Est ates ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Sho ot ▁the ▁Girls ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁( as ▁M ia ▁Cop ia ) ▁ ▁Blood ▁For ▁the ▁Muse ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Hay ride ▁S la ugh ter ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁W itch ouse ▁ 3 : ▁Dem on ▁Fire ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Veg as ▁Show g irl ▁Str ang ler ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Re ven ge ▁of ▁the ▁Ne ck t ie ▁Str ang ler ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁An ▁E rot ic ▁V amp ire ▁in ▁Paris ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁( as ▁M ia ▁Cop ia ) ▁ ▁Mach ines ▁of ▁Love ▁and ▁H ate ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁V amp ire ▁V ix ens ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁( as ▁M ia ▁Cop ia ) ▁ ▁Z omb ie ged don ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁ ▁Silver ▁M ummy ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁And ▁Then ▁They ▁W ere ▁Dead ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁B ik ini ▁Girls ▁on ▁Din osa ur ▁Planet ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁( as ▁M ia ▁Cop ia ) ▁ ▁Pen ny ▁D |
read ful ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Th irst ing ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁Cross ▁the ▁Line ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Blood ▁O ath ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁C atch ing ▁the ▁F ever ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Sur v ive ! ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Cross ▁the ▁Line ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Fe eding ▁F ren zy ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁She ▁Wolf ▁R ising ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Sc ro oge ▁in ▁the ▁H ood ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁When ▁Death ▁C alls ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁The ▁O . C . ▁Club ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁The ▁F app ening ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Rec ogn ition ▁In ▁their ▁review ▁of ▁the ▁film ▁Th irst ing ▁( aka ▁Lil ith ), ▁Sci - Fi ▁Un iverse ▁wrote , ▁" M ost ▁actress es ▁are ▁unknown . ▁Only ▁T ina ▁Kra use ▁has ▁earned ▁a ▁solid ▁reputation , ▁particularly ▁through ▁her ▁performances ▁in ▁films ▁produced ▁by ▁ro g ues ▁fant astic ▁S edu ction ▁Cinema ". ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁T ina ▁Kra use ▁interview ▁on ▁( re ) Search ▁my ▁Tr ash ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁film ▁actress es ▁Category : Act ress es ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City |
▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Queens , ▁New ▁York <0x0A> </s> ▁W J Y O ▁( 9 1 . 5 ▁FM ) ▁is ▁a ▁radio ▁station ▁broadcast ing ▁a ▁Christian ▁radio ▁format . ▁Lic ensed ▁to ▁Fort ▁My ers , ▁Florida , ▁United ▁States , ▁the ▁station ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁Air w aves ▁For ▁Jesus , ▁Inc . ▁ ▁Notable ▁synd ic ated ▁programs ▁regularly ▁broadcast ▁include : ▁En jo ying ▁Every day ▁Life ▁ ▁In ▁Touch ▁with ▁Dr . ▁Charles ▁Stanley ▁Love ▁W orth ▁F inding ▁The ▁Word ▁For ▁Today ▁Un sh ack led ! ▁There ▁are ▁also ▁programs ▁for ▁Christian ▁music , ▁and ▁some ▁original ▁programming . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁J Y O ▁Category : Radio ▁stations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Category : M ass ▁media ▁in ▁Fort ▁My ers , ▁Florida ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Florida <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Play Station ▁ 3 ▁( o fficial ly ▁abbre vi ated ▁as ▁PS 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁home ▁video ▁game ▁console ▁developed ▁by ▁Sony ▁Computer ▁Entertainment . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁successor ▁to ▁Play Station ▁ 2 , ▁and ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Play Station ▁brand ▁of ▁cons oles . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁released ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁Japan , ▁November ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁in ▁North ▁America , ▁and ▁March ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁Australia . ▁The ▁Play Station ▁ 3 |
▁competed ▁primarily ▁against ▁Microsoft ' s ▁X box ▁ 3 6 0 ▁and ▁N intendo ' s ▁W ii ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁sevent h ▁generation ▁of ▁video ▁game ▁cons oles . ▁ ▁The ▁console ▁was ▁first ▁officially ▁announced ▁at ▁E 3 ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁and ▁was ▁released ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁console ▁to ▁use ▁Bl u - ray ▁Disc ▁as ▁its ▁primary ▁storage ▁medium . ▁The ▁console ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Play Station ▁to ▁integrate ▁social ▁g aming ▁services , ▁including ▁the ▁Play Station ▁Network , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁be ▁cont roll able ▁from ▁a ▁hand h eld ▁console , ▁through ▁its ▁remote ▁connect ivity ▁with ▁Play Station ▁Port able ▁and ▁Play Station ▁V ita . ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁S lim ▁model ▁of ▁the ▁Play Station ▁ 3 ▁was ▁released . ▁It ▁no ▁longer ▁provided ▁the ▁hardware ▁ability ▁to ▁run ▁PS 2 ▁games . ▁It ▁was ▁l ighter ▁and ▁th inner ▁than ▁the ▁original ▁version , ▁and ▁featured ▁a ▁red es igned ▁logo ▁and ▁market ing ▁design , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁minor ▁start - up ▁change ▁in ▁software . ▁A ▁Super ▁S lim ▁variation ▁was ▁then ▁released ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁further ▁ref ining ▁and ▁red es ign ing ▁the ▁console . ▁ ▁During ▁its ▁early ▁years , ▁the ▁system ▁was ▁neg atively ▁received , ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁high ▁price ▁($ 5 9 9 ▁for ▁a |
▁ 6 0 ▁gig aby te ▁model , ▁$ 4 9 9 ▁for ▁a ▁ 2 0 ▁GB ▁model ), ▁a ▁complex ▁processor ▁architecture , ▁and ▁lack ▁of ▁quality ▁games ▁but ▁was ▁pra ised ▁for ▁its ▁Bl u - ray ▁capabilities ▁and ▁" unt apped ▁potential ". ▁The ▁reception ▁would ▁get ▁more ▁positive ▁over ▁time . ▁The ▁system ▁had ▁a ▁slow ▁start ▁in ▁the ▁market ▁but ▁managed ▁to ▁recover , ▁particularly ▁after ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁the ▁S lim ▁model . ▁Its ▁successor , ▁the ▁Play Station ▁ 4 , ▁was ▁released ▁later ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁On ▁September ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Sony ▁confirmed ▁that ▁sales ▁of ▁the ▁Play Station ▁ 3 ▁were ▁to ▁be ▁dis cont in ued ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁but ▁the ▁system ▁remained ▁in ▁production ▁in ▁other ▁mark ets . ▁Sh ip ments ▁of ▁new ▁units ▁to ▁Europe ▁and ▁Australia ▁ended ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁followed ▁by ▁North ▁America ▁which ▁ended ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁He ading ▁into ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Japan ▁was ▁the ▁last ▁territory ▁where ▁new ▁units ▁were ▁still ▁being ▁produced ▁until ▁May ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁when ▁Sony ▁confirmed ▁the ▁Play Station ▁ 3 ▁was ▁dis cont in ued ▁in ▁Japan . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁Play Station ▁ 3 ▁began ▁development ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁when ▁Ken ▁K ut ar agi , ▁then ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁Sony |
▁Computer ▁Entertainment , ▁announced ▁that ▁Sony , ▁T os hib a , ▁and ▁IBM ▁would ▁collabor ate ▁on ▁developing ▁the ▁Cell ▁micro processor . ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁Sh u he i ▁Y osh ida ▁led ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁program mers ▁within ▁this ▁hardware ▁team ▁to ▁explore ▁next - gener ation ▁game ▁creation . ▁By ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁focus ▁within ▁Sony ▁shift ed ▁towards ▁developing ▁PS 3 ▁launch ▁titles . ▁Sony ▁officially ▁un ve iled ▁Play Station ▁ 3 ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁at ▁E 3 ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁bo omer ang - sh aped ▁prototype ▁design ▁of ▁the ▁Six axis ▁controller . ▁A ▁functional ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁system ▁was ▁not ▁present ▁there , ▁ ▁nor ▁at ▁the ▁Tokyo ▁Game ▁Show ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁although ▁demonstr ations ▁( such ▁as ▁Metal ▁G ear ▁Sol id ▁ 4 : ▁G uns ▁of ▁the ▁Patri ots ) ▁were ▁held ▁at ▁both ▁events ▁on ▁software ▁development ▁k its ▁and ▁compar able ▁personal ▁computer ▁hardware . ▁Video ▁foot age ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁predicted ▁Play Station 3 ▁specific ations ▁was ▁also ▁shown ▁( not ably ▁a ▁Final ▁Fant asy ▁VII ▁te ch ▁demo ). ▁ ▁The ▁initial ▁prototype ▁shown ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁featured ▁two ▁HD MI ▁ports , ▁three ▁E ther net ▁ports ▁and ▁six ▁USB ▁ports ; ▁however , ▁when ▁the ▁system ▁was ▁shown ▁again ▁a |
▁year ▁later ▁at ▁E 3 ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁these ▁were ▁reduced ▁to ▁one ▁HD MI ▁port , ▁one ▁E ther net ▁port ▁and ▁four ▁USB ▁ports , ▁pres umably ▁to ▁cut ▁costs . ▁Two ▁hardware ▁configurations ▁were ▁also ▁announced ▁for ▁the ▁console : ▁a ▁ 2 0 GB ▁model ▁and ▁a ▁ 6 0 GB ▁model , ▁pr iced ▁at ▁US $ 4 9 9 ▁( € 4 9 9 ) ▁and ▁US $ 5 9 9 ▁( € 5 9 9 ), ▁respectively . ▁The ▁ 6 0 GB ▁model ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁only ▁configuration ▁to ▁feature ▁an ▁HD MI ▁port , ▁Wi - Fi ▁internet , ▁flash ▁card ▁readers ▁and ▁a ▁chrome ▁trim ▁with ▁the ▁logo ▁in ▁silver . ▁Both ▁models ▁were ▁announced ▁for ▁a ▁simultane ous ▁world wide ▁release : ▁November ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁for ▁Japan ▁and ▁November ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁for ▁North ▁America ▁and ▁Europe . ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Sony ▁announced ▁that ▁P AL ▁region ▁Play Station 3 ▁launch ▁would ▁be ▁delayed ▁until ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁because ▁of ▁a ▁short age ▁of ▁materials ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁Bl u - ray ▁drive . ▁At ▁the ▁Tokyo ▁Game ▁Show ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Sony ▁announced ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁include ▁an ▁HD MI ▁port ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 |
GB ▁system , ▁but ▁a ▁chrome ▁trim , ▁flash ▁card ▁readers , ▁silver ▁logo ▁and ▁Wi - Fi ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁included . ▁Also , ▁the ▁launch ▁price ▁of ▁the ▁Japanese ▁ 2 0 GB ▁model ▁was ▁reduced ▁by ▁over ▁ 2 0 %, ▁and ▁the ▁ 6 0 GB ▁model ▁was ▁announced ▁for ▁an ▁open ▁pr icing ▁scheme ▁in ▁Japan . ▁During ▁the ▁event , ▁Sony ▁showed ▁ 2 7 ▁play able ▁PS 3 ▁games ▁running ▁on ▁final ▁hardware . ▁ ▁La unch ▁ ▁Play Station ▁ 3 ▁was ▁first ▁released ▁in ▁Japan ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁at ▁ 0 7 : 0 0 . ▁According ▁to ▁Media ▁Create , ▁ 8 1 , 6 3 9 ▁PS 3 ▁systems ▁were ▁sold ▁within ▁ 2 4 ▁hours ▁of ▁its ▁introduction ▁in ▁Japan . ▁So on ▁after ▁its ▁release ▁in ▁Japan , ▁PS 3 ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁North ▁America ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁Re ports ▁of ▁violence ▁surrounded ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁PS 3 . ▁A ▁customer ▁was ▁shot , ▁camp ers ▁were ▁ro bb ed ▁at ▁gun point , ▁customers ▁were ▁shot ▁in ▁a ▁drive - by ▁shooting ▁with ▁BB ▁guns , ▁and ▁ 6 0 ▁camp ers ▁fought ▁over ▁ 1 0 ▁systems . ▁ ▁The ▁console ▁was ▁originally ▁planned ▁for ▁a ▁global ▁release ▁through ▁November , ▁but ▁at ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁September ▁the ▁release ▁in ▁Europe ▁and ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁world |
▁was ▁delayed ▁until ▁March . ▁With ▁it ▁being ▁a ▁somewhat ▁last - min ute ▁delay , ▁some ▁companies ▁had ▁taken ▁depos its ▁for ▁pre - orders , ▁at ▁which ▁Sony ▁informed ▁customers ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁el ig ible ▁for ▁full ▁ref und s ▁or ▁could ▁continue ▁the ▁pre - order . ▁On ▁January ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Sony ▁announced ▁that ▁Play Station 3 ▁would ▁go ▁on ▁sale ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁in ▁Europe , ▁Australia , ▁the ▁Middle ▁East , ▁Africa ▁and ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁The ▁system ▁sold ▁about ▁ 6 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁units ▁in ▁its ▁first ▁two ▁days . ▁On ▁March ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁ 6 0 GB ▁Play Station 3 ▁launched ▁in ▁Singapore ▁with ▁a ▁price ▁of ▁S $ 7 9 9 . ▁The ▁console ▁was ▁launched ▁in ▁South ▁Korea ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁as ▁a ▁single ▁version ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁an ▁ 8 0 GB ▁hard ▁drive ▁and ▁IP TV . ▁ ▁S lim ▁model ▁Following ▁spec ulation ▁that ▁Sony ▁was ▁working ▁on ▁a ▁' sl im ' ▁model , ▁Sony ▁officially ▁announced ▁the ▁PS 3 ▁CE CH - 2 0 0 0 ▁model ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁at ▁the ▁Sony ▁Games com ▁press ▁conference . ▁New ▁features ▁included ▁a ▁sl immer ▁form ▁factor , |
▁decre ased ▁power ▁consumption , ▁and ▁a ▁qui eter ▁cool ing ▁system . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁major ▁territ ories ▁by ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁a ▁new ▁logo ▁was ▁introduced ▁for ▁the ▁console ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁previous ▁" Sp ider - Man " ▁word marks ▁( named ▁due ▁to ▁their ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁font ▁as ▁the ▁log os ▁of ▁Sony ' s ▁then - current ▁Spider - Man ▁films ), ▁with ▁a ▁new ▁" PS 3 " ▁word mark ▁ev oking ▁the ▁design ▁of ▁the ▁Play Station ▁ 2 ▁word mark ▁replacing ▁the ▁capital ized ▁Play Station ▁ 3 ▁letter ing . ▁ ▁Super ▁S lim ▁model ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁at ▁the ▁Tokyo ▁Game ▁Show , ▁Sony ▁announced ▁that ▁a ▁new , ▁sl immer ▁PS 3 ▁red es ign ▁( CE CH - 4 0 0 0 ) ▁was ▁due ▁for ▁release ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁available ▁with ▁either ▁a ▁ 2 5 0 GB ▁or ▁ 5 0 0 GB ▁hard ▁drive . ▁Three ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁Super ▁S lim ▁model ▁were ▁revealed : ▁one ▁with ▁a ▁ 5 0 0 GB ▁hard ▁drive , ▁a ▁second ▁with ▁a ▁ 2 5 0 GB ▁hard ▁drive ▁which ▁is ▁not ▁available ▁in ▁P AL ▁regions , ▁and ▁a ▁third ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 2 GB ▁flash ▁storage ▁that ▁was ▁available ▁in ▁P AL ▁regions , ▁and ▁in |
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