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▁ ▁L anguages ▁of ▁Northern ▁Ireland ▁ ▁Irish ▁language ▁in ▁Britain ▁ ▁Liter ature ▁in ▁the ▁other ▁languages ▁of ▁Britain ▁ ▁L í of a ▁ ▁P OB AL ▁UK ▁language ▁legisl ation ▁ ▁Wel sh ▁Language ▁Act ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁ ▁G ael ic ▁Language ▁( Sc ot land ) ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Irish - medium ▁schools ▁in ▁Northern ▁Ireland ▁ ▁For as ▁na ▁G ae il ge ▁ ▁Ult ach ▁Trust ▁ ▁Com h air le ▁na ▁Ga els cola í och ta ▁ ▁BBC ▁Northern ▁Ireland ▁Irish ▁language ▁ ▁P ob al ▁ ▁Category : I r ish ▁language ▁Category : I r ish ▁culture ▁Category : L anguages ▁of ▁Northern ▁Ireland ▁Category : Culture ▁of ▁Northern ▁Ireland <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁American ▁R isk ▁and ▁In sur ance ▁Association ▁( AR IA ) ▁is ▁a ▁professional ▁organization ▁whose ▁focus ▁is ▁the ▁study ▁and ▁promotion ▁of ▁knowledge ▁of ▁risk ▁management ▁and ▁ins urance . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁and ▁publish es ▁two ▁journ als : ▁Journal ▁of ▁R isk ▁and ▁In sur ance ▁and ▁R isk ▁Management ▁and ▁In sur ance ▁Review . ▁The ▁association ▁hosts ▁an ▁annual ▁meeting . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Association ▁of ▁In sur ance ▁and ▁R isk ▁Man agers ▁in ▁Indust ry ▁and ▁Com merce ▁Professional ▁R isk ▁Man agers ' ▁International ▁Association ▁R isk ▁and ▁In sur ance ▁Management ▁Society ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁website |
▁ ▁Journal ▁of ▁R isk ▁and ▁In sur ance ▁R isk ▁Management ▁and ▁In sur ance ▁Review ▁ ▁Category : In sur ance ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Beach m ere ▁is ▁a ▁coast al ▁rural ▁town ▁and ▁local ity ▁in ▁the ▁Mor eton ▁Bay ▁Region , ▁Queensland , ▁Australia .. ▁In ▁the ▁, ▁Beach m ere ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 4 , 1 1 2 ▁people . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁north ▁of ▁Br is b ane , ▁the ▁state ▁capital ▁of ▁Queensland . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁origin ▁of ▁the ▁sub urb ▁name ▁is ▁from ▁an ▁early ▁residence ▁owned ▁by ▁Thomas ▁Ed win ▁Bon ney ▁by ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Beach m ere ▁meaning ▁a ▁beach ▁upon ▁mar sh y ▁ground . ▁Bon ney ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁first ▁sett ler ▁in ▁the ▁area , ▁having ▁arrived ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 0 . ▁ ▁Beach m ere ▁State ▁School ▁opened ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁January ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁Mor eton ▁Bay ▁Bir ali ▁Ste iner ▁School ▁opened ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁and ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁Ste iner ▁Education ▁Australia . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁, ▁Beach m ere ▁recorded ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 4 , 1 1 2 ▁people , ▁ 5 0 . 6 % ▁female ▁and ▁ 4 9 . 4 % ▁male . ▁ ▁The ▁median ▁age ▁of ▁the ▁Beach m ere ▁population ▁was ▁ 5 0 ▁years , ▁compared |
▁to ▁the ▁national ▁median ▁age ▁of ▁ 3 8 . ▁▁ 7 6 . 8 % ▁of ▁people ▁living ▁in ▁Beach m ere ▁were ▁born ▁in ▁Australia . ▁The ▁other ▁top ▁responses ▁for ▁country ▁of ▁birth ▁were ▁England ▁ 6 . 6 %, ▁New ▁Zealand ▁ 3 . 9 %, ▁Philippines ▁ 0 . 7 %, ▁Germany ▁ 0 . 6 %. ▁▁ 9 1 . 9 % ▁of ▁people ▁spoke ▁only ▁English ▁at ▁home ; ▁the ▁next ▁most ▁common ▁languages ▁were ▁ 0 . 3 % ▁Italian , ▁ 0 . 2 % ▁German , ▁ 0 . 2 % ▁Spanish . ▁ ▁Education ▁▁ ▁Beach m ere ▁State ▁School ▁is ▁a ▁government ▁primary ▁( P rep - 6 ) ▁school ▁for ▁boys ▁and ▁girls ▁at ▁James ▁Road ▁( ). ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁school ▁had ▁an ▁en rol ment ▁of ▁ 3 0 6 ▁students ▁with ▁▁ 2 7 ▁teachers ▁( 2 0 ▁full - time ▁equivalent ) ▁and ▁ 2 0 ▁non - te aching ▁staff ▁( 1 3 ▁full - time ▁equivalent ). ▁It ▁includes ▁a ▁special ▁education ▁program . ▁ ▁Bir ali ▁Ste iner ▁School ▁is ▁an ▁private ▁primary ▁( P rep - 7 ) ▁school ▁for ▁boys ▁and ▁girls ▁at ▁ 5 ▁Progress ▁Avenue ▁( ). ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁school ▁had ▁an ▁en rol ment ▁of ▁ 3 2 ▁students ▁with ▁▁ 4 ▁teachers ▁and ▁ 5 ▁non - te aching ▁staff ▁( 2 ▁full - time ▁equivalent |
). ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁secondary ▁school ▁in ▁Beach m ere ▁with ▁the ▁nearest ▁being ▁in ▁neighbour ing ▁Cab ool t ure ▁and ▁Mor ay field ▁or ▁in ▁B ong are e ▁on ▁B rib ie ▁Island . ▁ ▁A men ities ▁ ▁The ▁Mor eton ▁Bay ▁Regional ▁Council ▁oper ates ▁a ▁mobile ▁library ▁service ▁which ▁vis its ▁Clay ton ▁Park ▁on ▁the ▁corner ▁of ▁Big gs ▁Avenue ▁and ▁Main ▁Street . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Town ▁map ▁of ▁Beach m ere , ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁ ▁Category : Sub ur bs ▁of ▁Mor eton ▁Bay ▁Region ▁Category : T own s ▁in ▁Queensland ▁Category : Co ast line ▁of ▁Queensland ▁Category : Local ities ▁in ▁Queensland <0x0A> </s> ▁Fab io ▁F ogn ini ▁was ▁the ▁def ending ▁champion , ▁but ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁to ▁J ürgen ▁Z opp . ▁ ▁Mat te o ▁Ber rett ini ▁won ▁his ▁first ▁ATP ▁World ▁Tour ▁title , ▁defe ating ▁Roberto ▁B aut ista ▁Ag ut ▁in ▁the ▁final , ▁ 7 – 6 ( 1 1 – 9 ), ▁ 6 – 4 . ▁ ▁Se eds ▁The ▁top ▁four ▁se eds ▁receive ▁a ▁by e ▁into ▁the ▁second ▁round . ▁ ▁Draw ▁ ▁Final s ▁ ▁Top ▁half ▁ ▁B ottom ▁half ▁ ▁Qual ifying ▁ ▁Se eds ▁ ▁Qual ifiers ▁ ▁L ucky ▁los ers ▁ ▁Qual ifying ▁draw ▁ ▁First ▁qual ifier ▁ ▁Second ▁qual ifier ▁ ▁Third ▁qual ifier ▁ ▁Four th ▁qual ifier ▁ |
▁References ▁ ▁Main ▁draw ▁ ▁Qual ifying ▁draw ▁ ▁Swiss ▁Open ▁G sta ad ▁- ▁Singles ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Singles <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁page ▁lists ▁various ▁career , ▁tournament , ▁and ▁season al ▁achiev ements ▁by ▁tennis ▁player ▁Ser ena ▁Williams . ▁ ▁Records ▁ ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁tournament s ▁At ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁US ▁Open , ▁became ▁the ▁second ▁African - American ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁title ▁at ▁ 1 7 ▁years ▁old ▁ ▁By ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁doubles ▁championship ▁with ▁Ven us ▁Williams , ▁became ▁the ▁fifth ▁pair ▁to ▁complete ▁a ▁Career ▁Dou bles ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁and ▁the ▁only ▁pair ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁Career ▁Dou bles ▁Golden ▁S lam . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁US ▁Open , ▁marked ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era , ▁and ▁second ▁time ▁in ▁ 1 1 7 ▁years ▁that ▁sister s ▁met ▁in ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁final ▁( with ▁Ven us ▁Williams ) ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁final , ▁she ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁younger ▁sister ▁to ▁defeat ▁her ▁older ▁sister ▁in ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁singles ▁tournament . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Roland ▁Gar ros , ▁she ▁defeated ▁her ▁older ▁sister ▁Ven us ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁as ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁final ▁victory ▁ ▁By ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁became ▁the ▁fifth ▁woman ▁to ▁hold ▁all ▁four ▁Grand ▁S |
lam ▁singles ▁titles ▁simultaneously . ▁By ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁African - American ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁championship . ▁By ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁she ▁became ▁the ▁sixth ▁player ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁Career ▁Grand ▁S lam . ▁By ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁W im ble don ▁ladies ' ▁title , ▁Williams ▁became ▁just ▁the ▁fifth ▁woman ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era ▁to ▁win ▁back - to - back ▁W im ble don ▁crow ns . ▁ ▁She ▁followed ▁Bill ie ▁Jean ▁King , ▁Mart ina ▁Nav rat il ova , ▁Ste ff i ▁Graf , ▁and ▁Ven us ▁Williams . ▁ ▁Since ▁then , ▁the ▁fe at ▁has ▁been ▁accomplished ▁ 3 ▁more ▁times , ▁once ▁by ▁Ven us ▁Williams ▁and ▁twice ▁by ▁Ser ena ▁Williams . ▁By ▁reaching ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁she ▁and ▁sister ▁Ven us ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁players ▁to ▁comp ete ▁in ▁ 4 ▁consecutive ▁sl am ▁final s . ▁By ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁by ▁defe ating ▁Ma ures mo ▁and ▁D aven port , ▁became ▁the ▁only ▁player ▁in ▁tennis ▁history ▁to ▁win ▁three ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁singles ▁titles ▁( 1 9 9 9 ▁U . S . ▁Open , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ) ▁by ▁be ating ▁the ▁top ▁two ▁ranked ▁players . ▁By ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Australian ▁Open |
▁became ▁the ▁first ▁un se eded ▁player ▁since ▁Chris ▁O ' Ne il ▁( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁sl am , ▁she ▁was ▁ranked ▁# 8 1 ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁Her ▁six - year ▁gap ▁between ▁W im ble don ▁titles ▁( 2 0 0 3 – 2 0 0 9 ) ▁is ▁second ▁only ▁to ▁Ev onne ▁G ool ag ong ▁C aw ley ' s ▁nine ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era . ▁Her ▁eleven - year ▁gap ▁between ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁titles ▁( 2 0 0 2 – 2 0 1 3 ) ▁is ▁the ▁longest ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era . ▁Only ▁player ▁to ▁have ▁won ▁three ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁singles ▁titles ▁after ▁saving ▁match ▁points ▁( 2 0 0 3 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁versus ▁Kim ▁C lij sters , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁versus ▁Maria ▁Sh ar ap ova , ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁W im ble don ▁versus ▁El ena ▁D ement ie va ). ▁Again st ▁El ena ▁D ement ie va , ▁she ▁played ▁the ▁longest ▁recorded ▁W im ble don ▁women ' s ▁semif inal ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁in ▁the ▁open ▁era : ▁ 2 ▁hours , ▁ 4 9 ▁minutes . ▁By ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁doubles ▁with ▁sister ▁Ven us , ▁they ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁pair ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁to ▁hold ▁the ▁four ▁doubles ▁sl ams ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time . ▁By ▁winning |
▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁doubles ▁with ▁sister ▁Ven us , ▁they ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁pair ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era ▁to ▁complete ▁the ▁Career ▁Dou bles ▁Golden ▁S lam ▁twice ▁( 2 0 0 1 ▁& ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁& ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Roland ▁Gar ros , ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁& ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁W im ble don , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁& ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁U . S . ▁Open , ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁& ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Olympic ▁gold ▁medal ists ). ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁W im ble don , ▁in ▁her ▁semif inal ▁match ▁against ▁Az aren ka , ▁she ▁hit ▁a ▁record ▁ 2 4 ▁a ces ▁in ▁a ▁match , ▁which ▁was ▁sur pass ed ▁by ▁Sab ine ▁Lis icki ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁A eg on ▁Classic ▁in ▁B irmingham . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁W im ble don ▁Championships , ▁she ▁set ▁a ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁a ces ▁served ▁in ▁a ▁tournament , ▁hitting ▁ 1 0 2 ▁a ces ▁in ▁the ▁tournament , ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁of ▁men ▁or ▁women ▁at ▁the ▁Championships ▁that ▁year . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁she ▁won ▁her ▁ 6 th ▁US ▁Open ▁title , ▁the ▁most ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era ▁( t ied ▁with ▁E vert ) |
▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁she ▁won ▁her ▁ 7 th ▁Australian ▁Open ▁title , ▁the ▁most ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era ▁( stand s ▁alone ). ▁Most ▁hard court ▁grand ▁sl am ▁singles ▁titles : ▁ 1 3 ▁[ 7 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁& ▁ 6 ▁US ▁Open ] ▁( stand s ▁alone ). ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁she ▁won ▁her ▁ 6 th ▁W im ble don ▁title . ▁She ▁became ▁the ▁only ▁person ▁in ▁history , ▁male ▁or ▁female , ▁to ▁win ▁three ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁grand ▁sl ams ▁ 6 ▁times ▁( A O ▁ 2 0 0 3 / 2 0 0 5 / 2 0 0 7 / 2 0 0 9 / 2 0 1 0 / 2 0 1 5 , ▁W IM ▁ 2 0 0 2 / 2 0 0 3 / 2 0 0 9 / 2 0 1 0 / 2 0 1 2 / 2 0 1 5 , ▁and ▁US O ▁ 1 9 9 9 / 2 0 0 2 / 2 0 0 8 / 2 0 1 2 / 2 0 1 3 / 2 0 1 4 ). ▁She ▁is ▁only ▁the ▁fourth ▁woman ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁tournament ▁six ▁or ▁more ▁times ▁after ▁Ste ff i ▁Graf , ▁Chris ▁E vert , ▁and ▁Mart ina ▁Nav rat il ova . ▁She ' s ▁won ▁ 8 ▁Miami ▁Masters , ▁ 7 ▁Australian ▁Op ens , ▁ 7 ▁W |
im bled ons , ▁and ▁ 6 ▁US ▁Open ▁titles . ▁She ▁is ▁also ▁only ▁the ▁third ▁player ▁to ▁achieve ▁a ▁Career ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁in ▁singles ▁and ▁doubles ▁after ▁Margaret ▁Court ▁and ▁Mart ina ▁Nav rat il ova ▁Second ▁player ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁sl am ▁singles ▁titles ▁in ▁three ▁dec ades ▁after ▁Mart ina ▁Nav rat il ova ▁( US O ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁FO ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁A O ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁W inner ▁of ▁all ▁four ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁singles ▁titles ▁in ▁two ▁dec ades ▁( al ong ▁with ▁Court ▁and ▁Graf ) ▁Long est ▁span ▁between ▁first ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁and ▁last ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁Australian ▁Open ▁titles : ▁ 1 4 ▁years ▁( t ied ▁with ▁Nancy e ▁W yn ne ▁Bol ton ) ▁Long est ▁span ▁between ▁first ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁and ▁last ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁titles : ▁ 1 3 ▁years ▁Long est ▁span ▁between ▁first ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁and ▁last ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁W im ble don ▁titles : ▁ 1 4 ▁years ▁Long est ▁span ▁between ▁first ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁and ▁last ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁US ▁Open ▁titles : ▁ 1 5 ▁years ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Williams ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁ 5 0 + ▁career ▁matches ▁in ▁all ▁four |
▁Grand ▁Sl ams ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era . ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Williams ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁ 6 0 + ▁career ▁matches ▁in ▁all ▁four ▁Grand ▁Sl ams ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era ▁( A O ▁ 7 4 ▁match ▁wins , ▁FO ▁ 6 0 ▁match ▁wins , ▁W IM ▁ 7 9 ▁match ▁wins , ▁and ▁US O ▁ 8 4 ▁match ▁wins ). ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁became ▁first ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁grand ▁sl am ▁tournament ▁losing ▁five ▁sets ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁the ▁title ▁Old est ▁player ▁to ▁hold ▁all ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁singles ▁titles ▁simultaneously ▁( 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 1 5 ) ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Williams ▁won ▁ 4 ▁consecutive ▁grand ▁sl am ▁titles ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁time ▁in ▁her ▁career , ▁also ▁accomplish ing ▁the ▁fe at ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁She ▁and ▁Ste ff i ▁Graf ▁are ▁the ▁only ▁two ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era ▁to ▁win ▁ 4 ▁consecutive ▁grand ▁sl am ▁singles ▁titles ▁on ▁ 2 ▁separate ▁occasions . ▁Only ▁player , ▁male ▁or ▁female , ▁to ▁complete ▁the ▁Career ▁Golden ▁S lam ▁after ▁turning ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁( W IM ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁O LY ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁US O ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁FO ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁A O |
▁ 2 0 1 5 ). ▁ ▁Third ▁female ▁player ▁to ▁win ▁ 7 0 + ▁matches ▁at ▁ 3 ▁of ▁the ▁ 4 ▁grand ▁sl am ▁events . ▁She ▁had ▁A O ▁ 7 0 ▁match ▁wins , ▁W IM ▁ 7 9 ▁match ▁wins , ▁US O ▁ 8 4 ▁match ▁wins . ▁( t ied ▁with ▁Ste ff i ▁Graf ▁who ▁had ▁US O ▁ 7 3 ▁match ▁wins , ▁W IM ▁ 7 5 ▁match ▁wins , ▁and ▁FO ▁ 8 7 ▁match ▁wins , ▁and ▁Chris ▁E vert ▁who ▁had ▁FO ▁ 7 2 ▁match ▁wins , ▁W IM ▁ 9 8 ▁match ▁wins , ▁and ▁US O ▁ 1 0 3 ▁match ▁wins ) ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Williams ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁player , ▁male ▁or ▁female , ▁to ▁win ▁ 8 0 + ▁matches ▁at ▁ 3 ▁of ▁the ▁ 4 ▁grand ▁sl am ▁events . ▁She ▁had ▁A O ▁ 8 1 ▁match ▁wins , ▁W IM ▁ 8 6 ▁match ▁wins , ▁US O ▁ 8 9 ▁match ▁wins . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁she ▁won ▁her ▁ 7 th ▁W im ble don ▁singles ▁title , ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁most ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era ▁( t ied ▁with ▁Ste ff i ▁Graf , ▁only ▁behind ▁Mart ina ▁Nav rat il ova ' s ▁ 9 ▁titles ). ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁won ▁ 6 th ▁W im ble don ▁doubles ▁title ▁with ▁Ven |
us ▁Williams . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁time ▁Ser ena ▁Williams ▁won ▁the ▁singles ▁and ▁doubles ▁titles ▁at ▁W im ble don ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁( 2 0 0 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ). ▁Ven us ▁also ▁accomplished ▁this ▁fe at ▁twice ▁( 2 0 0 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ). ▁Ser ena ▁and ▁Ven us ▁Williams ▁improved ▁their ▁grand ▁sl am ▁doubles ▁final s ▁record ▁to ▁ 1 4 - 0 . ▁Only ▁Mart ina ▁Nav rat il ova / P am ▁Sh river ▁own ▁more ▁grand ▁sl am ▁doubles ▁titles ▁as ▁a ▁team ▁with ▁ 2 0 ▁champion ships . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁by ▁virtue ▁of ▁her ▁ 7 th ▁Australian ▁Open ▁singles ▁title , ▁she ▁won ▁her ▁ 2 3 rd ▁grand ▁sl am ▁singles ▁title ▁and ▁sur pass ed ▁Ste ff i ▁Graf ' s ▁Open ▁Era ▁record ▁of ▁ 2 2 . ▁Williams ▁now ▁tra ils ▁only ▁Margaret ▁Court ' s ▁all - time ▁record ▁of ▁ 2 4 ▁grand ▁sl am ▁singles ▁titles . ▁( D uring ▁Court ' s ▁Australian ▁Open ▁wins ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 0 – 1 9 6 4 , ▁there ▁were ▁less ▁than ▁ 5 0 ▁athlet es ▁per ▁Australian ▁Open . ▁Current ▁grand ▁sl ams ▁have ▁ 1 2 8 ▁athlet es ▁in ▁every ▁main ▁draw . ▁This ▁is ▁why ▁there ▁is ▁often ▁a ▁reference |
▁to ▁the ▁Open ▁Era ▁which ▁started ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁ 1 3 ▁of ▁Court ' s ▁ 2 4 ▁grand ▁sl am ▁singles ▁titles ▁came ▁before ▁the ▁Open ▁Era .) ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁as ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁Williams ▁holds ▁a ▁ 3 1 6 – 4 3 ▁singles ▁record ▁in ▁grand ▁sl ams , ▁winning ▁ 1 1 4 ▁of ▁those ▁since ▁turning ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁old . ▁Her ▁ 3 1 6 ▁grand ▁sl am ▁singles ▁match ▁wins ▁is ▁equal ▁to ▁Roger ▁Feder er ▁and ▁the ▁most ▁in ▁tennis ▁history , ▁for ▁men ▁and ▁women . ▁Her ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁crown ▁was ▁her ▁ 1 0 th ▁grand ▁sl am ▁singles ▁title ▁since ▁reaching ▁her ▁ 3 0 th ▁birth day . ▁No ▁other ▁female ▁player ▁has ▁won ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 ▁grand ▁sl am ▁singles ▁titles ▁after ▁turning ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁of ▁age . ▁( Note : ▁Ste ff i ▁Graf ▁was ▁ ▁when ▁she ▁won ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁on ▁ 5 ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁shortly ▁before ▁ret iring .) ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁Williams ▁has ▁won ▁ 1 0 ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 2 ▁grand ▁sl am ▁titles ▁to ▁complete ▁the ▁Box ▁Set ▁( win ning ▁the ▁singles , ▁same ▁gender ▁doubles , ▁and ▁mixed ▁doubles ▁in ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁grand ▁sl am ▁tournament s ). ▁The ▁only ▁ 2 ▁she ' |
s ▁lack ing ▁are ▁the ▁mixed ▁doubles ▁titles ▁at ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁and ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open . ▁Her ▁best ▁finish es ▁in ▁those ▁events ▁were ▁runner - up ▁finish es ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Australian ▁Open . ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁she ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁player , ▁male ▁or ▁female , ▁to ▁win ▁ 1 0 + ▁grand ▁sl am ▁singles ▁titles ▁in ▁two ▁separate ▁dec ades ▁( 1 0 ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 2 ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 s ). ▁ ▁Prize ▁money ▁and ▁ear nings ▁First ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁US $ 6 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁prize ▁money ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁year : ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁First ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁US $ 1 2 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁prize ▁money ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁year : ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁( Record : ▁$ 1 2 , 3 8 5 , 5 7 2 ) ▁First , ▁and ▁only , ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁US $ 6 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁career ▁prize ▁money ▁( in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ). ▁First , ▁and ▁only , ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁US $ 5 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁career ▁prize ▁money ▁( in ▁ 2 0 1 3 |
). ▁First , ▁and ▁only , ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁US $ 6 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁career ▁prize ▁money ▁( in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ). ▁First , ▁and ▁only , ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁US $ 7 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁career ▁prize ▁money ▁( in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ). ▁First , ▁and ▁only , ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁US $ 8 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁career ▁prize ▁money ▁( in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ). ▁H olds ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁seasons ▁( 1 8 ) ▁ear ning ▁US $ 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁or ▁more . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 – 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 1 7 . ▁H olds ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁seasons ▁( 1 5 ) ▁ear ning ▁US $ 2 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁or ▁more . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 – 2 0 0 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 1 0 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 2 – 2 0 1 7 . ▁H olds ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁seasons ▁( 6 ) ▁ear ning ▁US $ 5 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁or ▁more . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 |
, ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁H olds ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁seasons ▁( 6 ) ▁ear ning ▁US $ 6 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁or ▁more . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁H olds ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁seasons ▁( 5 ) ▁ear ning ▁US $ 7 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁or ▁more . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁H olds ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁seasons ▁( 3 ) ▁ear ning ▁US $ 9 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁or ▁more . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁H olds ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁most ▁seasons ▁( 2 ) ▁ear ning ▁US $ 1 0 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁or ▁more . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁She ▁stands ▁as ▁the ▁highest ▁ear ning ▁female ▁ath lete ▁of ▁all - time ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁prize ▁money ▁across |
▁all ▁sports , ▁with ▁$ 8 4 , 4 6 3 , 1 3 1 ▁( as ▁of ▁ 3 0 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁and ▁is ▁about ▁$ 4 8 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁ahead ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁and ▁ 3 rd ▁highest ▁women , ▁Maria ▁Sh ar ap ova ▁and ▁Ven us ▁Williams , ▁respectively . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 ▁February ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Williams ▁has ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁highest ▁career ▁ear nings , ▁$ 9 2 , 5 9 0 , 4 1 6 , ▁of ▁any ▁tennis ▁player , ▁male ▁or ▁female . ▁ ▁She ▁tra ils ▁Nov ak ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁($ 1 3 1 , 0 4 0 , 9 3 2 ), ▁Roger ▁Feder er ▁($ 1 2 3 , 6 3 2 , 2 0 4 ▁), ▁and ▁Rafael ▁Nad al ▁($ 1 0 6 , 9 5 7 , 1 8 6 ▁). ▁ ▁Olympic ▁Games ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁after ▁winning ▁the ▁singles ▁and ▁doubles ▁gold ▁in ▁the ▁Olympics ▁became ▁the ▁most ▁decor ated ▁tennis ▁player ▁in ▁the ▁Olympics ▁with ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁ 4 ▁gold ▁med als ▁shared ▁with ▁sister , ▁Ven us . ▁( V en us ▁would ▁go ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁ 5 th ▁Olympic ▁medal , ▁a ▁silver , ▁in ▁the ▁M ixed ▁Dou bles ▁event ) ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Olympics ▁in ▁London , ▁Ser ena ▁Williams |
▁won ▁gold ▁med als ▁in ▁singles ▁and ▁doubles , ▁joining ▁sister ▁Ven us ▁Williams ▁( 2 0 0 0 ▁Sydney ) ▁and ▁Helen ▁Will s ▁( 1 9 2 4 ▁Paris ) ▁as ▁the ▁only ▁women ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁gold ▁medal ▁in ▁both ▁singles ▁and ▁doubles ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁at ▁the ▁Olympics . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Olympic ▁Games ▁– ▁singles ▁in ▁London , ▁Williams ▁lost ▁the ▁least ▁number ▁of ▁games ▁in ▁history ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁winning ▁the ▁Olympic ▁gold . ▁She ▁lost ▁just ▁ 1 7 ▁games ▁over ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁ 6 ▁matches . ▁Of ▁the ▁ 1 2 ▁sets ▁played , ▁ 7 ▁of ▁them ▁were ▁either ▁ 6 – 0 ▁or ▁ 6 – 1 ▁and ▁she ▁lost ▁no ▁more ▁than ▁ 3 ▁games ▁in ▁any ▁given ▁set . ▁R 6 4 ▁# 2 0 ▁J el ena ▁J ank ov ic ▁ 6 – 3 , ▁ 6 – 1 ▁R 3 2 ▁# 4 4 ▁Urs z ula ▁Rad w anska ▁ 6 – 2 , ▁ 6 – 3 ▁R 1 6 ▁# 1 4 ▁V era ▁Z von are va ▁ 6 – 1 , ▁ 6 – 0 ▁Q F ▁# 8 ▁Caroline ▁W oz nia cki ▁ 6 – 0 , ▁ 6 – 3 ▁SF ▁# 1 ▁Victoria ▁Az aren ka ▁ 6 – 1 , ▁ 6 – 2 ▁F ▁# 3 ▁Maria ▁Sh ar ap ova ▁ 6 – 0 , ▁ 6 – 1 ▁In |
▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁she ▁and ▁sister , ▁Ven us , ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁record ▁ 3 ▁doubles ▁g olds ▁in ▁the ▁Olympics ▁as ▁a ▁team ▁( won ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ). ▁Old est ▁player ▁to ▁hold ▁all ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁titles ▁in ▁singles ▁and ▁the ▁Olympic ▁Gold ▁in ▁singles , ▁simultaneously ▁( O lymp ics ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁US ▁Open ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁W im ble don ▁ 2 0 1 5 ). ▁ ▁Rank ing ▁Old est ▁player ▁to ▁reach ▁No . 1 ▁ranking ▁at ▁ ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁Old est ▁player ▁to ▁hold ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁ranking ▁at ▁ ▁as ▁of ▁ 1 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁Old est ▁player ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁grand ▁sl am ▁singles ▁title ▁at ▁ ▁when ▁she ▁won ▁her ▁ 7 th ▁Australian ▁Open ▁crown ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁At ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁Amer ite ch ▁Cup ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁became ▁the ▁lowest ▁ranked ▁player ▁in ▁tennis ▁history ▁( No . 3 0 4 ) ▁to ▁defeat ▁two ▁Top - 1 0 ▁players , ▁No . ▁ 4 ▁Mon ica ▁S eles ▁and ▁No . ▁ 7 ▁Mary ▁Pier ce , ▁in ▁one ▁tournament . ▁On ▁ 1 0 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁Ser ena |
▁and ▁Ven us ▁Williams ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁sister s ▁to ▁hold ▁the ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁and ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁sp ots ▁in ▁the ▁singles ▁rank ings , ▁respectively . ▁Ser ena ▁Williams ▁would ▁supp lant ▁Ven us ▁Williams ▁for ▁the ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁ranking ▁on ▁ 8 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁and ▁they ▁would ▁remain ▁at ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁and ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁in ▁the ▁rank ings ▁until ▁Ven us ▁fell ▁to ▁No . ▁ 3 ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁On ▁ 7 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁became ▁the ▁ 7 th ▁player ▁to ▁hold ▁the ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁ranking ▁in ▁both ▁singles ▁and ▁doubles , ▁simultaneously . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁after ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁doubles ▁title , ▁they ▁became ▁the ▁co - world ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁players ▁in ▁women ' s ▁doubles . ▁On ▁ 2 1 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Ser ena ▁and ▁Ven us ▁Williams ▁again ▁occupied ▁the ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁and ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁sp ots ▁in ▁the ▁singles ▁rank ings , ▁respectively . ▁This ▁came ▁almost ▁exactly ▁ 8 ▁years ▁after ▁first ▁accomplish ing ▁this ▁fe at . ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁Williams ▁was ▁three ▁months ▁sh y ▁of ▁her ▁ 2 9 th ▁birth day ▁and ▁Ven us ▁had ▁just ▁celebrated ▁her ▁ 3 0 th ▁birth day , ▁both ▁ages ▁at |
▁which ▁many ▁of ▁their ▁pe ers ▁had ▁retired . ▁At ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Miami ▁Open ▁became ▁lowest ▁ranked ▁player ▁( No . ▁ 1 8 ) ▁to ▁defeat ▁the ▁Top - 2 ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁tournament ▁by ▁defe ating ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁Hen in ▁& ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁Sh ar ap ova ▁Long est ▁winning ▁stre ak ▁against ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁player ▁( year s ): ▁ 4 ▁( shared ▁with ▁D aven port , ▁Graf ▁and ▁Ven us ▁Williams ). ▁By ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁U . S . ▁Open ▁she ▁makes ▁the ▁longest - ever ▁gap ▁between ▁st ints ▁at ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁( five ▁years , ▁one ▁month ) ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Miami ▁Open , ▁became ▁the ▁second ▁player , ▁after ▁Ste ff i ▁Graf , ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era ▁to ▁defeat ▁the ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁( J enn ifer ▁Cap ri ati ), ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁( V en us ▁Williams ), ▁and ▁No . ▁ 3 ▁( Mart ina ▁H ing is ) ▁ranked ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁tournament . ▁Her ▁sister , ▁Ven us ▁Williams ▁would ▁become ▁the ▁third , ▁and ▁last , ▁to ▁accomplish ▁this ▁fe at ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁Championships ▁with ▁one ▁of ▁those ▁wins ▁being ▁over ▁Ser ena . ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁became ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁player ▁to ▁have |
▁more ▁than ▁twice ▁as ▁many ▁points ▁as ▁anyone ▁else ▁on ▁the ▁W TA ▁Rank ings . ▁H eld ▁the ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁ranking ▁for ▁ 1 8 6 ▁consecutive ▁weeks ▁( 1 3 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁– ▁ 1 1 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 6 ), ▁which ▁is ▁tied ▁for ▁first ▁place ▁all - time ▁( w / Ste ff i ▁Graf ). ▁On ▁ 2 4 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Ser ena ▁asc ended ▁to ▁the ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁ranking ▁for ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁time . ▁Chris ▁E vert ▁and ▁Mart ina ▁Nav rat il ova ▁have ▁held ▁the ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁ranking ▁on ▁a ▁record ▁ 9 ▁different ▁occasions . ▁As ▁of ▁ 3 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Ser ena ▁has ▁held ▁the ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁ranking ▁for ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 3 1 9 ▁weeks , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁third ▁best ▁all - time . ▁( Ste ff i ▁Graf ▁holds ▁the ▁record ▁with ▁ 3 7 7 ▁weeks ▁and ▁Mart ina ▁Nav rat il ova ▁s its ▁in ▁second ▁place ▁with ▁ 3 3 2 ▁weeks ). ▁Ser ena ▁holds ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁longest ▁time ▁between ▁first ▁asc ending ▁to ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁( 8 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 2 ) ▁and ▁last ▁holding ▁the ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁position ▁( 1 4 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 ), ▁. ▁( Second ▁longest ▁was ▁Chris ▁E vert , ▁ 1 |
0 ▁years ▁ 2 1 ▁days ) ▁ ▁Other ▁At ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Miami ▁event ▁became ▁the ▁fast est ▁woman ▁in ▁tennis ▁history ▁to ▁record ▁ 5 ▁top - 1 0 ▁wins ▁( in ▁only ▁ 1 6 ▁matches ) ▁by ▁defe ating ▁Ir ina ▁Sp î r lea ▁in ▁ 2 nd ▁Round . ▁At ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Open ▁Gaz ▁de ▁France ▁in ▁Paris ▁mark ing ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁tennis ▁history ▁that ▁sister s ▁won ▁titles ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁week ▁( V en us ▁Williams ▁won ▁Oklahoma ▁City ) ▁At ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Indian ▁Well s ▁event , ▁she ▁became ▁the ▁second ▁non - se eded ▁player ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁Tier ▁I ▁event ▁when ▁she ▁beat ▁Ste ff i ▁Graf ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁At ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Miami ▁event , ▁Ser ena ▁and ▁Ven us ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁pair ▁of ▁sister s ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁Era ▁to ▁meet ▁in ▁a ▁tournament ▁final ▁with ▁Ven us ▁the ▁event ual ▁vict or . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁Championships , ▁Ser ena ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁player ▁in ▁tennis ▁history ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Season - End ing ▁Championships ▁on ▁her ▁debut . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Ser ena ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁player , ▁male ▁or ▁female , ▁in ▁history ▁to ▁win ▁singles ▁titles ▁at ▁( 1 ) ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁event , ▁( 2 ) ▁a ▁Premier ▁Mand atory ▁event , ▁( |
3 ) ▁the ▁Olympics ▁[ g old ▁medal ], ▁and ▁( 4 ) ▁the ▁W TA ▁Championships ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁season . ▁( In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Andy ▁Murray ▁joined ▁Ser ena ▁as ▁the ▁only ▁two ▁players ▁in ▁history ▁to ▁accomplish ▁this ▁fe at .) ▁Only ▁player , ▁male ▁or ▁female , ▁to ▁ever ▁accomplish ▁a ▁Career ▁Golden ▁S lam ▁in ▁singles ▁and ▁doubles ▁[ Sing les : ▁US ▁Open ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁W im ble don ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁Australian ▁Open ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁Olympic ▁gold ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Dou bles : ▁Roland ▁Gar ros ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁US ▁Open ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁W im ble don ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Australian ▁Open ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁Olympic ▁gold ▁ 2 0 0 0 ]. ▁ ▁A ▁second ▁Olympic ▁gold ▁in ▁singles ▁would ▁have ▁her ▁complete ▁the ▁Career ▁Golden ▁S lam ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁time . ▁ 2 4 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Ser ena ▁won ▁a ▁record ▁ 8 th ▁Miami ▁Masters ▁title ▁from ▁her ▁record ▁ 1 0 th ▁appearance ▁in ▁a ▁Miami ▁final . ▁No ▁male ▁or ▁female ▁has ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 ▁Miami ▁Masters ▁singles ▁titles ▁( And re ▁Ag ass i ▁& ▁Nov ak ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁each ▁own ▁ 6 ▁titles ). ▁Since ▁the ▁turn ▁of ▁the |
▁mill en ni um , ▁Ser ena ▁and ▁her ▁sister , ▁Ven us ▁Williams ▁have ▁domin ated ▁the ▁W im ble don ▁singles ▁title . ▁ ▁They ▁won ▁ 1 2 ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁ 1 7 ▁W im ble don ▁singles ▁crow ns ▁with ▁Ven us ▁winning ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁& ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁Ser ena ▁winning ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁& ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁Ven us ▁won ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁with ▁Ser ena ▁winning ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁Additionally , ▁they ▁have ▁partner ed ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁women ' s ▁doubles ▁titles . ▁Since ▁returning ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁from ▁a ▁medical ▁break , ▁Ser ena ▁has ▁made ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 ▁grand ▁sl am ▁final ▁in ▁each ▁year ▁and ▁has ▁won ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 ▁grand ▁sl am ▁title ▁in ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁six ▁years . ▁ ▁In ▁two ▁of ▁those ▁years , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁& ▁ 2 0 1 3 , |
▁she ▁won ▁ 2 ▁grand ▁sl am ▁titles , ▁while ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁she ▁won ▁ 3 ▁grand ▁sl am ▁titles . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Ser ena ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁player ▁in ▁the ▁Open ▁era ▁( male ▁or ▁female ) ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁title ▁in ▁ 4 ▁different ▁dec ades ▁after ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁A uck land ▁Open . ▁ ▁Awards ▁▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁ ▁W TA ▁New com er ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Tennis ▁Magazine / Role x ▁Ro ok ie ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁W TA ▁Most ▁Im pro ved ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Tennis ▁Magazine ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁ ▁W TA ▁Dou bles ▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( with ▁Ven us ▁Williams ) ▁ ▁Te en ▁Cho ice ▁Awards ▁– ▁Ext ra ordinary ▁Ach iev ement ▁Award ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 6 8 ) ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁Sports ▁Foundation ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁for ▁team ▁sports ▁( with ▁Ven us ▁Williams ) ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 7 1 ) ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁ ▁Associ ated ▁Press ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁W TA ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁I TF ▁Women ' s ▁Singles ▁World ▁Champion ▁ ▁For bes |
▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 7 2 ) ▁ ▁Gaz zet ta ▁dello ▁Sport ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Sports ▁Academy ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁▁ 3 4 th ▁NA AC P ▁Image ▁Awards ▁President ' s ▁Award ▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁ESP Y ▁Award ▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁ESP Y ▁Award ▁ ▁La ure us ▁World ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Av on ▁Foundation ▁C ele br ity ▁Ro le ▁Model ▁Award ▁ ▁B ET ▁Award ▁for ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 6 0 ) ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁W TA ▁Com eb ack ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Family ▁Circle / Pr ud ential ▁Fin an cial ▁Player ▁Who ▁M akes ▁a ▁D ifference ▁Award ▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁ESP Y ▁Award ▁ ▁B ET ▁Award ▁for ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 6 3 ) ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁F avor ite ▁Fem ale ▁Sports ▁Star ▁( No . 2 ) ▁ ▁Te en ▁Cho ice ▁Awards ▁– ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁Award ▁ ▁G lam our ▁Magazine ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁B ET ▁Award ▁for |
▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 6 2 ) ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁F avor ite ▁Fem ale ▁Sports ▁Star ▁( No . 2 ) ▁ ▁D irty ▁Awards ▁– ▁Best ▁Sports ▁Ath lete ▁Fem ale ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 8 7 ) ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁F avor ite ▁Fem ale ▁Sports ▁Star ▁( No . 2 ) ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ ▁B ET ▁Award ▁for ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁La ure us ▁World ▁Com eb ack ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁F avor ite ▁Fem ale ▁Sports ▁Star ▁( No . 1 ) ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 6 9 ) ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁W TA ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 6 9 ) ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁F avor ite ▁Fem ale ▁Sports ▁Star ▁( No . 2 ) ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁Associ ated ▁Press ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁SI . com ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Dec ade ▁ ▁G lam our ▁Magazine ▁Women ▁of ▁the ▁Year |
▁Award ▁ ▁B ET ▁Award ▁for ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁F avor ite ▁Fem ale ▁Sports ▁Star ▁( No . 1 ) ▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁ESP Y ▁Award ▁ ▁I TF ▁Women ' s ▁Singles ▁World ▁Champion ▁ ▁I TF ▁Women ' s ▁Dou bles ▁World ▁Champion ▁( with ▁Ven us ▁Williams ) ▁ ▁ESP N ▁Second ▁Best ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Dec ade ▁( with ▁Roger ▁Feder er ▁at ▁No . 1 ) ▁ ▁W TA ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁W TA ▁Dou bles ▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( with ▁Ven us ▁Williams ) ▁ ▁W TA ▁F an ▁F avor ite ▁Dou bles ▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( with ▁Ven us ▁Williams ) ▁ ▁D oh a ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century ▁Le aders ▁Awards ▁– ▁Out standing ▁Le ad ership ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 6 7 ) ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁La ure us ▁World ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁T IME ▁The ▁World ' s ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Most ▁In flu ential ▁People ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 6 1 ) ▁ ▁B ET ▁Award ▁for ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁ESP Y ▁Award ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁F avor ite ▁Fem ale ▁Sports ▁Star ▁( |
No . 1 ) ▁ ▁W TA ▁F an ▁F avor ite ▁Dou bles ▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( with ▁Ven us ▁Williams ) ▁ ▁For bes ▁ 3 0 ▁Ut ter ly ▁In sp iring ▁Ro le ▁Mod els ▁ ▁Te en ▁Cho ice ▁Awards ▁– ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁Award ▁ ▁For bes ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Most ▁Power ful ▁Women ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁( No . 5 5 ) ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁B ET ▁Award ▁for ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 8 4 ) ▁ ▁T IME ▁ 3 0 ▁Leg ends ▁of ▁Women ' s ▁Tennis ▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁ESP Y ▁Award ▁ ▁US ▁Open ▁Series ▁Champion ▁ ▁For bes ▁Most ▁Power ful ▁Black ▁Women ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁( No . 1 0 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Root ▁ 1 0 0 ▁ 2 0 1 1 : ▁In fl uen cers ▁and ▁Icon oc last s ▁( No . 4 1 ) ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁F avor ite ▁Fem ale ▁Sports ▁Star ▁( No . 1 ) ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 7 7 ) ▁ ▁B ET ▁Award ▁for ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁W TA ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁W TA ▁F an ▁F avor ite ▁Dou bles |
▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( with ▁Ven us ▁Williams ) ▁ ▁I TF ▁Women ' s ▁Singles ▁World ▁Champion ▁ ▁L ' É quipe ▁Champion ▁of ▁Champions ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Sports ▁Academy ▁Fem ale ▁Athlet es ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁Award ▁ ▁Te en ▁Cho ice ▁Awards ▁– ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁Award ▁ ▁International ▁Sports ▁Press ▁Association ▁( A IP S ) ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁ ▁Associ ated ▁Press ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 5 6 ) ▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁ESP Y ▁Award ▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁ESP Y ▁Award ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁F avor ite ▁Fem ale ▁Sports ▁Star ▁( No . 1 ) ▁ ▁US ▁Open ▁Series ▁Champion ▁ ▁W TA ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁I TF ▁Women ' s ▁Singles ▁World ▁Champion ▁ ▁L ' É quipe ▁Champion ▁of ▁Champions ▁ ▁esp n W ▁Imp act ▁ 1 0 ▁( No . 1 ) ▁ ▁International ▁Sports ▁Press ▁Association ▁( A IP S ) ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁ ▁Gaz zet ta ▁dello ▁Sport ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁B ET ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁T IME ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Most ▁In flu ential ▁People ▁ ▁For bes ▁The ▁C ele br ity ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( No . 6 9 ) |
▁ ▁Te en ▁Cho ice ▁Awards ▁– ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁Award ▁ ▁US ▁Open ▁Series ▁Champion ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁F avor ite ▁Fem ale ▁Sports ▁Star ▁( No . 1 ) ▁ ▁W TA ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁ESP N ▁Tennis ▁W TA ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁I TF ▁Women ' s ▁Singles ▁World ▁Champion ▁ ▁International ▁Sports ▁Press ▁Association ▁( A IP S ) ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁Associ ated ▁Press ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁B ET ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁ESP Y ▁Award ▁ ▁ESP N ▁Tennis ▁W TA ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Woman ' s ▁Sports ▁Foundation ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁F avor ite ▁Fem ale ▁Sports ▁Star ▁( No . 1 ) ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁Athlet es ▁of ▁All - Time ▁( No . 4 ) ▁ ▁Harris ▁Pol l ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁Great est ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁( No . 1 ) ▁ ▁W TA ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁W TA ▁Social ▁F an ▁F avor ite ▁– ▁Post ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁W TA ▁Social ▁F an ▁F avor ite ▁– ▁A ww ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁W TA ▁Social ▁F an ▁F avor ite ▁– ▁W om ance ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( with ▁Caroline ▁W oz nia cki ) ▁ ▁I TF |
▁Women ' s ▁Singles ▁World ▁Champion ▁ ▁Sports ▁Illustr ated ▁Sport sp erson ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Sports ▁Academy ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁L ' É quipe ▁Champion ▁of ▁Champions ▁ ▁International ▁Sports ▁Press ▁Association ▁( A IP S ) ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁ ▁Nick el ode on ▁Kid ' s ▁Cho ice ▁Awards - ▁Queen ▁of ▁Sw ag ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁La ure us ▁World ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁B ET ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁ESP Y ▁Award ▁ ▁Sports ▁Illustr ated ▁F ashion able ▁ 5 0 ▁Athlet es ▁( No . 4 ) ▁ ▁W TA ▁Best ▁D ress ed ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( W im ble don ) ▁ ▁N iel sen ▁Most ▁Market able ▁Athlet es ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁( No . 4 ) ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ ▁B ET ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁ESP Y ▁Award ▁ ▁N iel sen ▁Most ▁Market able ▁Athlet es ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁( No . 1 ) ▁ ▁International ▁Sports ▁Press ▁Association ▁( A IP S ) ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁ ▁La ure us ▁World ▁Sport sw oman ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ ▁Associ ated ▁Press ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁▁ ▁Best ▁Fem ale ▁Tennis ▁Player ▁ESP Y ▁Award |
▁ ▁Sports ▁Illustr ated ▁F ashion able ▁ 5 0 ▁ ▁The ▁Independent ' s ▁Women ▁of ▁the ▁Dec ade ▁ ▁Tennis ▁Magazine ▁The ▁Women ' s ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Dec ade ▁ ▁Sky ▁Sports ▁Sport sp erson ▁of ▁the ▁Dec ade ▁ ▁Associ ated ▁Press ▁Fem ale ▁Ath lete ▁of ▁the ▁Dec ade ▁ ▁Rec ogn ition ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Tennis ▁Magazine ▁ranked ▁her ▁as ▁the ▁ 1 7 th - best ▁player ▁in ▁ 4 0 ▁years . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁she ▁was ▁named ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁" 3 0 ▁Leg ends ▁of ▁Women ' s ▁Tennis : ▁Past , ▁Pres ent ▁and ▁Future " ▁by ▁Time . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁she ▁was ▁named ▁one ▁of ▁ESP N W ' s ▁Imp act ▁ 2 5 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Open ▁Era ▁tennis ▁records ▁ ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁ ▁W TA ▁Awards ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁career ▁Category : T ennis ▁career ▁statistics <0x0A> </s> ▁N w agi ▁( N ep ali : ▁ न ् व ा ग ी ), ▁also ▁sp elled ▁Nu agi ▁or ▁U d ha uli , ▁is ▁a ▁major ▁festival ▁celebrated ▁the ▁by ▁Kir at ▁community . ▁ ▁N w agi ▁is ▁celebrated ▁prior ▁to ▁e ating ▁the ▁har v ested ▁food ▁cro ps , ▁some ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁offered ▁to ▁ancest ors ▁and ▁nature ▁gods . ▁Loc als ▁believe ▁that ▁if ▁somebody ▁e ats ▁the ▁cro ps ▁without ▁celebr |
ating ▁N w agi , ▁they ▁will ▁be ▁curs ed ▁by ▁their ▁ancest ors . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : F est iv als ▁in ▁Nep al <0x0A> </s> ▁E ry th rant he ▁flor ib unda ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁mon key flow er ▁known ▁by ▁the ▁common ▁name ▁many - flow ered ▁mon key flow er . ▁It ▁is ▁native ▁to ▁western ▁North ▁America ▁from ▁western ▁Canada ▁to ▁California ▁and ▁northern ▁Mexico , ▁to ▁the ▁Rock y ▁Mountains . ▁It ▁grows ▁in ▁many ▁types ▁of ▁habitat , ▁especially ▁mo ist ▁areas . ▁It ▁was ▁formerly ▁known ▁as ▁M im ulus ▁flor ib und us . ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁This ▁plant ▁is ▁variable ▁in ▁morph ology , ▁taking ▁several ▁forms . ▁In ▁general ▁it ▁is ▁an ▁annual ▁her b ▁with ▁a ▁thin ▁stem ▁ 3 ▁to ▁ 5 0 ▁cent im eters ▁long , ▁growing ▁u pr ight ▁or ▁dec umb ent . ▁In ▁texture ▁it ▁is ▁hair y ▁and ▁sometimes ▁sl im y . ▁The ▁oppos it ely ▁arranged ▁leaves ▁vary ▁in ▁size ▁and ▁shape . ▁The ▁tub ular ▁base ▁of ▁the ▁flower ▁is ▁enc aps ulated ▁in ▁a ▁hair y ▁cal y x ▁of ▁sep als ▁with ▁pointed ▁lo bes . ▁The ▁cor ol la ▁of ▁the ▁flower ▁is ▁yellow ▁and ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 . 5 ▁cent im eters ▁long . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Cal fl ora ▁Database : ▁M im ulus ▁flor ib und us ▁( F lor ifer ous ▁mon key flow er , ▁Many |
▁flow ered ▁mon key ▁flower ▁Je pson ▁Man ual ▁e Fl ora ▁( T J M 2 ) ▁treatment ▁of ▁M im ulus ▁flor ib und us ▁US DA ▁Pl ants ▁Profile ▁for ▁M im ulus ▁flor ib und us ▁( many flow ered ▁mon key flow er ) ▁U . C . ▁Ph otos ▁gallery ▁− ▁M im ulus ▁flor ib und us ▁ ▁flor ib unda ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁the ▁North western ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁the ▁South western ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁California ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁the ▁Sierra ▁Nev ada ▁( U . S .) ▁Category : N atural ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁California ▁chap ar ral ▁and ▁wood lands ▁Category : N atural ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Pen ins ular ▁R anges ▁Category : N atural ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Trans verse ▁R anges <0x0A> </s> ▁Ph yll on ory ct er ▁l atus ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁G rac ill ari idae . ▁It ▁is ▁probably ▁w ides p read ▁throughout ▁the ▁western ▁United ▁States , ▁but ▁only ▁known ▁from ▁In yo ▁County ▁in ▁California ▁and ▁Grand ▁and ▁Al am osa ▁count ies ▁in ▁Colorado . ▁ ▁The ▁length ▁of ▁the ▁for ew ings ▁is ▁ 3 . 7 - 4 . 4 mm . ▁Ad ult s ▁are ▁on ▁wing ▁in ▁August ▁in ▁one ▁generation . ▁ ▁The ▁lar va e ▁feed ▁on ▁Pop ulus ▁trem ulo ides . ▁They ▁mine ▁the ▁leaves ▁of ▁their ▁host ▁plant |
. ▁ ▁Et ym ology ▁The ▁specific ▁name ▁is ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁Latin ▁l atus ▁( bro ad ) ▁in ▁reference ▁to ▁relatively ▁broad ▁vin cul um , ▁the ▁most ▁di agnostic ▁feature ▁of ▁this ▁species . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁l atus ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Ellen ▁Price ▁( 1 7 ▁January ▁ 1 8 1 4 ▁– ▁ 1 0 ▁February ▁ 1 8 8 7 ), ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁novel ist , ▁better ▁known ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁Henry ▁Wood . ▁She ▁is ▁best ▁remembered ▁for ▁her ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁novel ▁East ▁Lyn ne , ▁but ▁many ▁of ▁her ▁books ▁became ▁international ▁best s ellers ▁and ▁widely ▁read ▁also ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁In ▁her ▁time , ▁she ▁sur pass ed ▁the ▁fame ▁of ▁Charles ▁Dick ens ▁in ▁Australia . ▁ ▁Life ▁Ellen ▁Price ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Wor c ester ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 4 . ▁In ▁ 1 8 3 6 ▁she ▁married ▁Henry ▁Wood , ▁who ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁bank ing ▁and ▁sh ipping ▁trade ▁in ▁D au ph iné ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁of ▁France , ▁where ▁they ▁lived ▁for ▁ 2 0 ▁years . ▁On ▁the ▁failure ▁of ▁Wood ' s ▁business , ▁the ▁family ▁( including ▁four ▁children ) ▁returned ▁to ▁England ▁and ▁settled ▁in ▁Upper ▁Nor wood ▁near ▁London , ▁where ▁Ellen ▁Wood ▁turned ▁to ▁writing . ▁This ▁supported ▁the ▁family . ▁Henry ▁Wood ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 6 . ▁She ▁wrote ▁over ▁ |
3 0 ▁nov els , ▁many ▁of ▁which ▁( es pecially ▁East ▁Lyn ne ) ▁enjoyed ▁remarkable ▁popular ity . ▁Among ▁the ▁best ▁known ▁are ▁Dan es bury ▁House , ▁O sw ald ▁C ray , ▁Mrs . ▁Hal lib ur ton ' s ▁Tr ou bles , ▁The ▁Ch ann ings , ▁Lord ▁Oak burn ' s ▁D augh ters ▁and ▁The ▁Sh adow ▁of ▁Ash ly dy at . ▁Her ▁writing ▁tone ▁would ▁be ▁described ▁as ▁" con serv ative ▁and ▁Christian ," ▁occasionally ▁express ing ▁religious ▁r het or ic . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 7 , ▁Wood ▁purchased ▁the ▁English ▁magazine ▁Arg os y , ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁founded ▁by ▁Alexander ▁Stra han ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 5 . ▁She ▁wrote ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁magazine ▁herself , ▁but ▁other ▁contrib utors ▁included ▁H es ba ▁Stre tt on , ▁Julia ▁K avan agh , ▁Christ ina ▁Ros set ti , ▁Sarah ▁D oud ney ▁and ▁Rosa ▁N ouch ette ▁Care y . ▁Wood ▁continued ▁as ▁its ▁editor ▁until ▁her ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 7 , ▁when ▁her ▁son ▁Charles ▁Wood ▁took ▁over . ▁ ▁Wood ' s ▁works ▁were ▁translated ▁into ▁many ▁languages , ▁including ▁French ▁and ▁Russian . ▁Leo ▁Tol sto y , ▁in ▁a ▁ 9 ▁March ▁ 1 8 7 2 ▁letter ▁to ▁his ▁older ▁brother ▁Serge i , ▁noted ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁" reading ▁Mrs . ▁Wood ' s ▁wonderful ▁novel ▁In ▁the ▁Maz e ". ▁ ▁Wood ▁wrote ▁several |
▁works ▁of ▁super natural ▁fiction , ▁including ▁" The ▁Ghost " ▁( 1 8 6 7 ) ▁and ▁the ▁oft – anth olog ized ▁" Re ality ▁or ▁Del usion ?" ▁( 1 8 6 8 ). ▁ ▁At ▁her ▁death , ▁caused ▁by ▁bron ch itis , ▁Wood ' s ▁estate ▁was ▁val ued ▁at ▁over ▁£ 3 6 , 0 0 0 , ▁which ▁was ▁then ▁a ▁considerable ▁sum . ▁She ▁was ▁buried ▁in ▁High gate ▁C emetery , ▁London . ▁A ▁monument ▁to ▁her ▁was ▁un ve iled ▁in ▁Wor c ester ▁C athedral ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 6 . ▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁These ▁are ▁the ▁first ▁published ▁UK ▁ed itions ▁as ▁catalog ued ▁by ▁the ▁British ▁Library , ▁with ▁supp lement ary ▁information ▁from ▁a ▁special ist ▁books ellers ' ▁catalog ue . ▁{{ columns - list | col width = 3 0 em | ▁Dan es bury ▁House ▁( 1 8 6 0 ) ▁East ▁Lyn ne ▁( 1 8 6 1 ) ▁The ▁El chester ▁College ▁Boys ▁( 1 8 6 1 ) ▁A ▁Life ' s ▁Secret ▁( 1 8 6 2 ) ▁Mrs . ▁Hal lib ur ton ' s ▁Tr ou bles ▁( 1 8 6 2 ) ▁The ▁Ch ann ings ▁( 1 8 6 2 ) ▁The ▁F og gy ▁Night ▁at ▁Off ord : ▁A ▁Christmas ▁G ift ▁for ▁the ▁Lanc ash ire ▁Fund ▁( 1 8 6 3 ) ▁The ▁Sh adow ▁of ▁Ash ly dy at ▁( 1 |
8 6 3 ) ▁V erner ’ s ▁P ride ▁( 1 8 6 3 ) ▁Lord ▁Oak burn ’ s ▁D augh ters ▁( 1 8 6 4 ) ▁O sw ald ▁C ray ▁( 1 8 6 4 ) ▁Tre v lyn ▁Hold ; ▁or , ▁S quire ▁Tre v lyn ’ s ▁He ir ▁( 1 8 6 4 ) ▁William ▁Al la ir ; ▁or , ▁Running ▁away ▁to ▁Sea ▁( 1 8 6 4 ) ▁M ild red ▁Ark ell : ▁A ▁Nov el ▁( 1 8 6 5 ) ▁The ▁Arg os y ▁( 1 8 6 5 ) ▁El ster ’ s ▁Fol ly : ▁A ▁Nov el ▁( 1 8 6 6 ) ▁St . ▁Martin ’ s ▁E ve : ▁A ▁Nov el ▁( 1 8 6 6 ) ▁Lady ▁Ad ela ide ’ s ▁O ath ▁( 1 8 6 7 ) ▁Or ville ▁College : ▁A ▁Story ▁( 1 8 6 7 ) ▁The ▁Ghost ▁of ▁the ▁H ollow ▁Field ▁( 1 8 6 7 ) ▁Anne ▁Here ford : ▁A ▁Nov el ▁( 1 8 6 8 ) ▁Castle ▁Wa fer ; ▁or , ▁The ▁P lain ▁Gold ▁Ring ▁( 1 8 6 8 ) ▁The ▁Red ▁Court ▁Farm : ▁A ▁Nov el ▁( 1 8 6 8 ) ▁Roland ▁Y or ke : ▁A ▁Nov el ▁( 1 8 6 9 ) ▁B ess y ▁R ane : ▁A ▁Nov el ▁( 1 8 7 0 ) ▁George ▁Can ter |
bury ’ s ▁Will ▁( 1 8 7 0 ) ▁D ene ▁H ollow ▁( 1 8 7 1 ) ▁Within ▁the ▁Maz e : ▁A ▁Nov el ▁( 1 8 7 2 ) ▁The ▁Master ▁of ▁Grey lands ▁( 1 8 7 2 ) ▁Johnny ▁Lud low ▁( 1 8 7 4 ) ▁B ess y ▁Well s ▁( 1 8 7 5 ) ▁T old ▁in ▁the ▁Tw il ight : ▁Cont aining ▁“ P ark water ” ▁and ▁nine ▁shorter ▁stories ▁( 1 8 7 5 ) ▁Adam ▁Gra inger : ▁A ▁T ale ▁( 1 8 7 6 ) ▁Ed ina ▁( 1 8 7 6 ) ▁Our ▁Children ▁( 1 8 7 6 ) ▁Park water : ▁With ▁four ▁other ▁tales ▁( 1 8 7 6 ) ▁Pom ero y ▁Ab bey ▁( 1 8 7 8 ) ▁Lady ▁Ad ela ide ▁( 1 8 7 9 ) ▁Johnny ▁Lud low , ▁Second ▁Series ▁( 1 8 8 0 ) ▁A ▁T ale ▁of ▁Sin ▁and ▁Other ▁T ales ▁( 1 8 8 1 ) ▁Court ▁Nether le igh : ▁A ▁Nov el ▁( 1 8 8 1 ) ▁About ▁O urs el ves ▁( 1 8 8 3 ) ▁Johnny ▁Lud low . ▁Third ▁Series ▁( 1 8 8 5 ) ▁Lady ▁Grace ▁and ▁Other ▁St ories ▁( 1 8 8 7 ) ▁The ▁Story ▁of ▁Charles ▁Str ange ▁( 1 8 8 8 ) ▁Fe ather ston ' s ▁Story . ▁A ▁T ale ▁by ▁Johnny |
▁Lud low ▁( 1 8 8 9 ) ▁The ▁Un hol y ▁W ish ▁and ▁Other ▁St ories ▁( 1 8 9 0 ) ▁The ▁House ▁of ▁Hal li well . ▁A ▁Nov el ▁( 1 8 9 0 ) ▁Ash ley ▁and ▁Other ▁St ories ▁( 1 8 9 7 ) ▁Victor ▁Ser en us ▁( 1 8 9 8 ) ▁Johnny ▁Lud low . ▁Fif th ▁series ▁( 1 8 9 9 ) ▁Johnny ▁Lud low . ▁Six th ▁series ▁( 1 8 9 9 ) ▁ ▁Some ▁transl ations ▁Les ▁Ch anning . ▁Trad uit ▁de ▁l ' Ang lais ▁par ▁M me ▁Abr ic - En contre ▁( 1 8 6 4 ) Les ▁F illes ▁de ▁Lord ▁Oak burn : ▁Roman ▁trad uit ▁de ▁l ' ang lais ▁par ▁L . ▁Bo ch et ▁( 1 8 7 6 ) La ▁Glo ire ▁des ▁V erner : ▁Roman ▁trad uit ▁de ▁l ' ang lais ▁par ▁L . ▁de ▁L ’ Est rive ▁( 1 8 7 8 ) Le ▁Ser ment ▁de ▁Lady ▁Ad ela ï de : ▁Roman ▁trad uit ▁de ▁l ' ang lais ▁par ▁Lé on ▁Bo ch et ▁( 1 8 7 8 ) ▁}} ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁P he g ley , ▁Jenn ifer ▁( 2 0 0 5 ). ▁" Dom estic ating ▁the ▁S ens ation ▁Nov el ist : ▁Ellen ▁Price ▁Wood ▁as ▁Author ▁and ▁Editor ▁of ▁the ▁' Arg os y ▁Magazine ', " ▁Victor ian |
▁Period ical s ▁Review , ▁Vol . ▁XXX V III , ▁No . ▁ 2 , ▁pp . ▁ 1 8 0 – 1 9 8 . ▁See com be , ▁Thomas ▁( 1 9 0 0 ). ▁" W ood , ▁Ellen ▁( 1 8 1 4 – 1 8 8 7 ), " ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁National ▁Biography : ▁William son - W orden , ▁Vol . ▁L X II , ▁pp . ▁ 3 5 5 – 5 7 . ▁Serge ant , ▁Ad eline ▁( 1 8 9 7 ). ▁" M rs . ▁Henry ▁Wood ". ▁In : ▁Women ▁Nov el ists ▁of ▁Queen ▁Victoria ' s ▁Re ign . ▁London : ▁Hur st ▁& ▁Black ett , ▁pp . ▁ 1 7 4 – 1 9 2 . ▁Wood , ▁Charles ▁W . ▁( 1 8 8 7 ). ▁" M rs . ▁Henry ▁Wood . ▁In ▁Mem or ian ," ▁The ▁Arg os y ' ', ▁Vol . ▁X L III , ▁pp . ▁ 2 5 1 , ▁ 3 3 4 ▁and ▁ 4 4 2 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Works ▁by ▁Mrs . ▁Henry ▁Wood ▁at ▁H ath i ▁Trust ▁▁▁ ▁Mrs . ▁Henry ▁Wood ▁website ▁ ▁Mrs ▁Henry ▁Wood ▁Bibli ography ▁Of ▁Cont ribution s ▁To ▁Period ical s ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 7 ▁death s ▁Category : 1 8 1 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : V ict or ian ▁novel ists ▁Category : V ict or ian ▁women ▁writers |
▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁British ▁novel ists ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Wor c ester ▁Category : English ▁Christians ▁Category : English ▁women ▁novel ists ▁Category : English ▁horror ▁writers ▁Category : G host ▁story ▁writers ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁High gate ▁C emetery ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁bron ch itis ▁Category : W omen ▁horror ▁writers ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁British ▁women ▁writers ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁British ▁writers ▁Category : B rit ish ▁magazine ▁edit ors ▁Category : W omen ▁magazine ▁edit ors <0x0A> </s> ▁T ara wer a ▁High ▁School ▁is ▁a ▁secondary ▁school ▁located ▁in ▁Ka wer au , ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁secondary ▁school ▁serving ▁the ▁town , ▁and ▁serves ▁students ▁from ▁Years ▁ 7 ▁to ▁ 1 3 . ▁The ▁school ▁was ▁formed ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁closure ▁of ▁both ▁Ka wer au ▁College ▁and ▁Ka wer au ▁Inter mediate ▁School , ▁and ▁s its ▁on ▁the ▁Ka wer au ▁College ▁site . ▁The ▁school ▁had ▁a ▁roll ▁of ▁ 4 6 0 ▁as ▁of ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Stud ents ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Education , ▁T ara wer a ▁High ▁School ▁has ▁a ▁gender ▁composition ▁of ▁ 5 6 % ▁male , ▁and ▁ 4 4 % ▁female . ▁The ▁major ▁eth nic ity ▁at ▁the ▁school ▁is ▁M ā ori , ▁being ▁ 8 6 % ▁of ▁students . ▁This |
▁is ▁followed ▁by ▁New ▁Zealand ▁European ▁with ▁ 1 4 % ▁of ▁students . ▁ ▁Cl os ure ▁of ▁Ka wer au ▁College ▁and ▁creation ▁ ▁T ara wer a ▁High ▁School ▁opened ▁at ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁year ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁formed ▁by ▁mer ging ▁the ▁former ▁Ka wer au ▁College ▁and ▁Ka wer au ▁Inter mediate . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁school ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁old ▁Ka wer au ▁College ▁site , ▁on ▁River ▁Road , ▁and ▁uses ▁the ▁facilities ▁already ▁there . ▁Helen ▁Tu hor o , ▁who ▁was ▁Deput y ▁Princi pal ▁of ▁Ka wer au ▁College ▁for ▁three ▁years ▁before ▁being ▁Deput y ▁Princi pal ▁at ▁Tr ident ▁High ▁School , ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁the ▁new ▁principal . ▁ ▁Re - development ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Education ▁Minister ▁He k ia ▁Par ata , ▁and ▁Associ ate ▁Education ▁Minister ▁Nik ki ▁K aye , ▁announced ▁a ▁$ 1 5 . 6 4 ▁million ▁invest ment ▁in ▁new ▁facilities ▁for ▁the ▁school . ▁The ▁announ cement ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁new ▁facilities ▁would ▁be ▁progress ively ▁built , ▁so ▁the ▁school ▁will ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁continue ▁operating ▁during ▁construction . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁re - development ▁began , ▁with ▁construction ▁set ▁for ▁September . ▁The ▁new ▁facilities ▁will ▁replace ▁ 6 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁existing ▁buildings , ▁and ▁will ▁provide ▁a ▁modern ▁teaching ▁space ▁for ▁ 5 2 5 ▁students ▁with ▁a ▁library |
, ▁a ▁wh aren ui , ▁technology ▁and ▁performance ▁spaces , ▁an ▁administration ▁block , ▁and ▁a ▁wireless ▁fib re ▁network . ▁The ▁re - development ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁feature ▁environment ally ▁sust ain able ▁initi atives , ▁such ▁as ▁solar ▁he ating . ▁Work ▁is ▁expected ▁to ▁be ▁completed ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁School ▁Website ▁ ▁Category : Second ary ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁Bay ▁of ▁Pl enty ▁Region ▁Category : K a wer au ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁Paul ▁Bart lett ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Paul ▁Bart lett ▁( p ain ter ) ▁( 1 8 8 1 – 1 9 6 5 ), ▁American ▁landscape ▁painter ▁Paul ▁Alexander ▁Bart lett ▁( 1 9 0 9 – 1 9 9 0 ), ▁American ▁writer ▁and ▁poet ▁Paul ▁D ought y ▁Bart lett ▁( 1 9 0 7 – 1 9 9 7 ), ▁American ▁chem ist ▁Paul ▁Way land ▁Bart lett ▁( 1 8 6 5 – 1 9 2 5 ), ▁American ▁sculpt or <0x0A> </s> ▁Log istics ▁is ▁generally ▁the ▁detailed ▁organization ▁and ▁implementation ▁of ▁a ▁complex ▁operation . ▁In ▁a ▁general ▁business ▁sense , ▁log istics ▁is ▁the ▁management ▁of ▁the ▁flow ▁of ▁things ▁between ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁origin ▁and ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁consumption ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁requirements ▁of ▁customers ▁or ▁corpor ations . ▁The ▁resources ▁managed ▁in ▁log istics ▁may ▁include ▁tang ible ▁goods ▁such ▁as ▁materials , ▁equipment , ▁and ▁supplies , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁food |
▁and ▁other ▁consum able ▁items . ▁The ▁log istics ▁of ▁physical ▁items ▁usually ▁involves ▁the ▁integration ▁of ▁information ▁flow , ▁materials ▁handling , ▁production , ▁pack aging , ▁invent ory , ▁transport ation , ▁w are h ous ing , ▁and ▁often ▁security . ▁ ▁In ▁military ▁science , ▁log istics ▁is ▁concerned ▁with ▁maintain ing ▁army ▁supply ▁lines ▁while ▁dis rupt ing ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁enemy , ▁since ▁an ▁armed ▁force ▁without ▁resources ▁and ▁transport ation ▁is ▁def ens eless . ▁Military ▁log istics ▁was ▁already ▁pract iced ▁in ▁the ▁ancient ▁world ▁and ▁as ▁the ▁modern ▁military ▁has ▁a ▁significant ▁need ▁for ▁log istics ▁solutions , ▁advanced ▁implementations ▁have ▁been ▁developed . ▁In ▁military ▁log istics , ▁log istics ▁officers ▁manage ▁how ▁and ▁when ▁to ▁move ▁resources ▁to ▁the ▁places ▁they ▁are ▁needed . ▁ ▁Log istics ▁management ▁is ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁supply ▁chain ▁management ▁and ▁supply ▁chain ▁engineering ▁that ▁plans , ▁implements , ▁and ▁controls ▁the ▁efficient , ▁effective ▁forward , ▁and ▁reverse ▁flow ▁and ▁storage ▁of ▁goods , ▁services , ▁and ▁related ▁information ▁between ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁origin ▁and ▁point ▁of ▁consumption ▁to ▁meet ▁customer ' s ▁requirements . ▁The ▁complexity ▁of ▁log istics ▁can ▁be ▁mode led , ▁analyz ed , ▁visual ized , ▁and ▁optimized ▁by ▁dedicated ▁simulation ▁software . ▁The ▁minim ization ▁of ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁resources ▁is ▁a ▁common ▁motiv ation ▁in ▁all ▁log istics ▁fields . ▁A ▁professional ▁working ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁log istics ▁management ▁is ▁called ▁a ▁log istic ian . ▁ ▁N |
omen cl ature ▁▁ ▁The ▁term ▁ ▁is ▁att ested ▁in ▁English ▁from ▁ 1 8 4 6 , ▁and ▁is ▁from ▁, ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁either ▁co ined ▁or ▁popular ized ▁by ▁military ▁officer ▁and ▁writer ▁Antoine - Hen ri ▁J omini , ▁who ▁defined ▁it ▁in ▁his ▁Sum mary ▁of ▁the ▁Art ▁of ▁War ▁( ). ▁The ▁term ▁appears ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁edition , ▁then ▁titled ▁Anal yt ic ▁Table ▁( Table au ▁Anal yt ique ), ▁and ▁J omini ▁explains ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁derived ▁from ▁ ▁( c ogn ate ▁to ▁English ▁), ▁in ▁the ▁terms ▁ ▁and ▁: ▁ ▁The ▁term ▁is ▁cred ited ▁to ▁J omini , ▁and ▁the ▁term ▁and ▁its ▁et ym ology ▁critic ized ▁by ▁Georges ▁de ▁Ch amb ray ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 2 , ▁writing : ▁ ▁Ch amb ray ▁also ▁notes ▁that ▁the ▁term ▁ ▁was ▁present ▁in ▁the ▁ ▁as ▁a ▁syn onym ▁for ▁algebra . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁hom onym ▁of ▁the ▁existing ▁mathematical ▁term , ▁from ▁, ▁a ▁traditional ▁division ▁of ▁Greek ▁mathematics ; ▁the ▁mathematical ▁term ▁is ▁pres umably ▁the ▁origin ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁log istic ▁in ▁log istic ▁growth ▁and ▁related ▁terms . ▁Some ▁sources ▁give ▁this ▁instead ▁as ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁log istics , ▁either ▁ignor ant ▁of ▁J omini ' s ▁statement ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁derived ▁from ▁, ▁or ▁dub ious ▁and ▁instead ▁bel ieving ▁it ▁was ▁in ▁fact ▁of ▁Greek ▁origin , ▁or ▁influenced ▁by ▁the ▁existing |
▁term ▁of ▁Greek ▁origin . ▁ ▁Definition ▁ ▁J omini ▁originally ▁defined ▁log istics ▁as : ▁ ▁The ▁Oxford ▁English ▁Dictionary ▁defines ▁log istics ▁as ▁" the ▁branch ▁of ▁military ▁science ▁rel ating ▁to ▁pro cur ing , ▁maintain ing ▁and ▁transport ing ▁material , ▁personnel ▁and ▁facilities ". ▁However , ▁the ▁New ▁Oxford ▁American ▁Dictionary ▁defines ▁log istics ▁as ▁" the ▁detailed ▁coord ination ▁of ▁a ▁complex ▁operation ▁involving ▁many ▁people , ▁facilities , ▁or ▁supplies ", ▁and ▁the ▁Oxford ▁Dictionary ▁on - line ▁defines ▁it ▁as ▁" the ▁detailed ▁organization ▁and ▁implementation ▁of ▁a ▁complex ▁operation ". ▁As ▁such , ▁log istics ▁is ▁commonly ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁branch ▁of ▁engineering ▁that ▁creates ▁" people ▁systems " ▁rather ▁than ▁" machine ▁systems ". ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁Supp ly ▁Ch ain ▁Management ▁Prof ession als ▁( pre viously ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁Log istics ▁Management ), ▁log istics ▁is ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁planning , ▁implementing ▁and ▁cont rolling ▁procedures ▁for ▁the ▁efficient ▁and ▁effective ▁transport ation ▁and ▁storage ▁of ▁goods ▁including ▁services ▁and ▁related ▁information ▁from ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁origin ▁to ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁consumption ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁conform ing ▁to ▁customer ▁requirements ▁and ▁includes ▁in bound , ▁out bound , ▁internal ▁and ▁external ▁movements . ▁ ▁Academ ics ▁and ▁pract ition ers ▁tradition ally ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁terms ▁operations ▁or ▁production ▁management ▁when ▁referring ▁to ▁physical ▁transformations ▁taking ▁place ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁business ▁location ▁( factory , ▁restaurant ▁or ▁even ▁bank ▁cl erk ing ) ▁and ▁reserve ▁the ▁term |
▁log istics ▁for ▁activities ▁related ▁to ▁distribution , ▁that ▁is , ▁moving ▁products ▁on ▁the ▁territory . ▁Man aging ▁a ▁distribution ▁center ▁is ▁seen , ▁therefore , ▁as ▁per tain ing ▁to ▁the ▁real m ▁of ▁log istics ▁since , ▁while ▁in ▁theory , ▁the ▁products ▁made ▁by ▁a ▁factory ▁are ▁ready ▁for ▁consumption ▁they ▁still ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁moved ▁along ▁the ▁distribution ▁network ▁according ▁to ▁some ▁logic , ▁and ▁the ▁distribution ▁center ▁aggreg ates ▁and ▁processes ▁orders ▁coming ▁from ▁different ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁territory . ▁That ▁being ▁said , ▁from ▁a ▁model ing ▁perspective , ▁there ▁are ▁similar ities ▁between ▁operations ▁management ▁and ▁log istics , ▁and ▁companies ▁sometimes ▁use ▁hy brid ▁profession als , ▁with ▁for ▁example ▁a ▁" Direct or ▁of ▁Oper ations " ▁or ▁a ▁" Log istics ▁Officer " ▁working ▁on ▁similar ▁problems . ▁Furthermore , ▁the ▁term ▁supply ▁chain ▁management ▁originally ▁refers ▁to , ▁among ▁other ▁issues , ▁having ▁an ▁integrated ▁vision ▁of ▁both ▁production ▁and ▁log istics ▁from ▁point ▁of ▁origin ▁to ▁point ▁of ▁production . ▁All ▁these ▁terms ▁may ▁suffer ▁from ▁semantic ▁change ▁as ▁a ▁side ▁effect ▁of ▁advert ising . ▁ ▁Log istics ▁activities ▁and ▁fields ▁▁ ▁In bound ▁log istics ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁primary ▁processes ▁of ▁log istics ▁concentr ating ▁on ▁purch asing ▁and ▁arr anging ▁the ▁in bound ▁movement ▁of ▁materials , ▁parts , ▁or ▁un fin ished ▁invent ory ▁from ▁supp liers ▁to ▁manufact uring ▁or ▁assembly ▁plants , ▁w are h ouses , ▁or ▁ret ail ▁stores . ▁ |
▁Out bound ▁log istics ▁is ▁the ▁process ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁storage ▁and ▁movement ▁of ▁the ▁final ▁product ▁and ▁the ▁related ▁information ▁flows ▁from ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁production ▁line ▁to ▁the ▁end - user . ▁ ▁Given ▁the ▁services ▁performed ▁by ▁log ist icians , ▁the ▁main ▁fields ▁of ▁log istics ▁can ▁be ▁broken ▁down ▁as ▁follows : ▁▁ ▁Pro c ure ment ▁log istics ▁ ▁Distribution ▁log istics ▁ ▁After - s ales ▁log istics ▁ ▁Dis pos al ▁log istics ▁ ▁Re verse ▁log istics ▁ ▁Green ▁log istics ▁ ▁Global ▁log istics ▁ ▁Dom est ics ▁log istics ▁ ▁Con cier ge ▁service ▁ ▁R eli ability , ▁avail ability , ▁and ▁maintain ability ▁ ▁As set ▁control ▁log istics ▁ ▁Point - of - s ale ▁material ▁log istics ▁ ▁Emer gency ▁log istics ▁ ▁Production ▁log istics ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁log istics ▁ ▁Capital ▁project ▁log istics ▁ ▁Digital ▁log istics ▁ ▁Pro c ure ment ▁log istics ▁consists ▁of ▁activities ▁such ▁as ▁market ▁research , ▁requirements ▁planning , ▁make - or - bu y ▁dec isions , ▁supp lier ▁management , ▁ordering , ▁and ▁order ▁cont rolling . ▁The ▁targets ▁in ▁proc ure ment ▁log istics ▁might ▁be ▁contradict ory : ▁maxim izing ▁efficiency ▁by ▁concentr ating ▁on ▁core ▁compet ences , ▁out s our cing ▁while ▁maintain ing ▁the ▁aut onomy ▁of ▁the ▁company , ▁or ▁minim izing ▁proc ure ment ▁costs ▁while ▁maxim izing ▁security ▁within ▁the ▁supply ▁process . ▁ ▁Adv ance ▁Log istics |
▁consists ▁of ▁the ▁activities ▁required ▁to ▁set ▁up ▁or ▁establish ▁a ▁plan ▁for ▁log istics ▁activities ▁to ▁occur . ▁ ▁Global ▁Log istics ▁is ▁techn ically ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁man aging ▁the ▁' flow ' ▁of ▁goods ▁through ▁what ▁is ▁called ▁a ▁supply ▁chain , ▁from ▁its ▁place ▁of ▁production , ▁to ▁other ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁world . ▁This ▁often ▁requires ▁an ▁inter modal ▁transport ▁system , ▁transport ▁via ▁ocean , ▁air , ▁rail , ▁and ▁tr uck . ▁This ▁is ▁possibly ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁more ▁time - consum ing ▁and ▁complicated ▁forms ▁of ▁log istics . ▁▁ ▁Distribution ▁log istics ▁has , ▁as ▁main ▁tasks , ▁the ▁delivery ▁of ▁the ▁finished ▁products ▁to ▁the ▁customer . ▁It ▁consists ▁of ▁order ▁processing , ▁w are h ous ing , ▁and ▁transport ation . ▁Distribution ▁log istics ▁is ▁necessary ▁because ▁the ▁time , ▁place , ▁and ▁quantity ▁of ▁production ▁differ ▁with ▁the ▁time , ▁place , ▁and ▁quantity ▁of ▁consumption . ▁ ▁Dis pos al ▁log istics ▁has ▁as ▁its ▁main ▁function ▁to ▁reduce ▁log istics ▁cost ( s ) ▁and ▁enh ance ▁service ( s ) ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁dispos al ▁of ▁waste ▁produced ▁during ▁the ▁operation ▁of ▁a ▁business . ▁ ▁Re verse ▁log istics ▁denotes ▁all ▁those ▁operations ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁reuse ▁of ▁products ▁and ▁materials . ▁The ▁reverse ▁log istics ▁process ▁includes ▁the ▁management ▁and ▁the ▁sale ▁of ▁sur pl uses , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁products ▁being ▁returned ▁to ▁vend ors ▁from ▁buy ers . ▁Re verse ▁log istics ▁stands |
▁for ▁all ▁operations ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁reuse ▁of ▁products ▁and ▁materials . ▁It ▁is ▁" the ▁process ▁of ▁planning , ▁implementing , ▁and ▁cont rolling ▁the ▁efficient , ▁cost - effect ive ▁flow ▁of ▁raw ▁materials , ▁in - process ▁invent ory , ▁finished ▁goods ▁and ▁related ▁information ▁from ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁consumption ▁to ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁origin ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁re capt uring ▁value ▁or ▁proper ▁dispos al . ▁More ▁precisely , ▁reverse ▁log istics ▁is ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁moving ▁goods ▁from ▁their ▁typical ▁final ▁destination ▁for ▁the ▁purpose ▁of ▁capt uring ▁value , ▁or ▁proper ▁dispos al . ▁The ▁opposite ▁of ▁reverse ▁log istics ▁is ▁forward ▁log istics ." ▁ ▁Green ▁Log istics ▁describes ▁all ▁attempts ▁to ▁measure ▁and ▁minim ize ▁the ▁e colog ical ▁impact ▁of ▁log istics ▁activities . ▁This ▁includes ▁all ▁activities ▁of ▁the ▁forward ▁and ▁reverse ▁flows . ▁This ▁can ▁be ▁achieved ▁through ▁inter modal ▁fre ight ▁transport , ▁path ▁optimization , ▁vehicle ▁s atur ation ▁and ▁city ▁log istics . ▁ ▁RAM ▁Log istics ▁( see ▁also ▁Log istic ▁engineering ) ▁comb ines ▁both ▁business ▁log istics ▁and ▁military ▁log istics ▁since ▁it ▁is ▁concerned ▁with ▁highly ▁complicated ▁techn ological ▁systems ▁for ▁which ▁R eli ability , ▁Av ail ability ▁and ▁M aint ain ability ▁are ▁essential , ▁ex : ▁weapon ▁systems ▁and ▁military ▁super comput ers . ▁ ▁As set ▁Control ▁Log istics : ▁companies ▁in ▁the ▁ret ail ▁channels , ▁both ▁organized ▁ret ail ers ▁and ▁supp liers , ▁often ▁deploy ▁assets ▁required |
▁for ▁the ▁display , ▁pres ervation , ▁promotion ▁of ▁their ▁products . ▁Some ▁examples ▁are ▁re fr iger ators , ▁stands , ▁display ▁mon itors , ▁season al ▁equipment , ▁poster ▁stands ▁& ▁frames . ▁ ▁Emer gency ▁log istics ▁( or ▁Human itar ian ▁Log istics ) ▁is ▁a ▁term ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁log istics , ▁supply ▁chain , ▁and ▁manufact uring ▁indust ries ▁to ▁denote ▁specific ▁time - crit ical ▁modes ▁of ▁transport ▁used ▁to ▁move ▁goods ▁or ▁objects ▁rapidly ▁in ▁the ▁event ▁of ▁an ▁emer gency . ▁The ▁reason ▁for ▁en list ing ▁emer gency ▁log istics ▁services ▁could ▁be ▁a ▁production ▁delay ▁or ▁anticip ated ▁production ▁delay , ▁or ▁an ▁ur gent ▁need ▁for ▁special ized ▁equipment ▁to ▁prevent ▁events ▁such ▁as ▁aircraft ▁being ▁ground ed ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁" air craft ▁on ▁ground " — A O G ), ▁ships ▁being ▁delayed , ▁or ▁tele communic ations ▁failure . ▁Human itar ian ▁log istics ▁involves ▁govern ments , ▁the ▁military , ▁aid ▁ag encies , ▁don ors , ▁non - g overn ment al ▁organizations ▁and ▁emer gency ▁log istics ▁services ▁are ▁typically ▁s our ced ▁from ▁a ▁special ist ▁provider . ▁ ▁The ▁term ▁production ▁log istics ▁describes ▁log istic ▁processes ▁within ▁a ▁value - adding ▁system ▁( ex : ▁factory ▁or ▁a ▁mine ). ▁Production ▁log istics ▁a ims ▁to ▁ensure ▁that ▁each ▁machine ▁and ▁work station ▁receives ▁the ▁right ▁product ▁in ▁the ▁right ▁quantity ▁and ▁quality ▁at ▁the ▁right ▁time . ▁The ▁concern ▁is |
▁with ▁production , ▁testing , ▁transport ation , ▁storage , ▁and ▁supply . ▁Production ▁log istics ▁can ▁operate ▁in ▁existing ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁new ▁plants : ▁since ▁manufact uring ▁in ▁an ▁existing ▁plant ▁is ▁a ▁constantly ▁changing ▁process , ▁machines ▁are ▁ex changed ▁and ▁new ▁ones ▁added , ▁which ▁gives ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁production ▁log istics ▁system ▁accordingly . ▁Production ▁log istics ▁provides ▁the ▁means ▁to ▁achieve ▁customer ▁response ▁and ▁capital ▁efficiency . ▁Production ▁log istics ▁becomes ▁more ▁important ▁with ▁decre asing ▁batch ▁sizes . ▁In ▁many ▁indust ries ▁( e . g . ▁mobile ▁ph ones ), ▁the ▁short - term ▁goal ▁is ▁a ▁batch ▁size ▁of ▁one , ▁allowing ▁even ▁a ▁single ▁customer ' s ▁demand ▁to ▁be ▁ful filled ▁efficiently . ▁Track ▁and ▁trac ing , ▁which ▁is ▁an ▁essential ▁part ▁of ▁production ▁log istics ▁due ▁to ▁product ▁safety ▁and ▁reli ability ▁issues , ▁is ▁also ▁gain ing ▁importance , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁autom ot ive ▁and ▁medical ▁indust ries . ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁Log istics ▁has ▁been ▁employed ▁by ▁civil is ations ▁for ▁thousands ▁of ▁years . ▁As ▁the ▁various ▁human ▁civil izations ▁tried ▁to ▁build ▁the ▁best ▁possible ▁works ▁of ▁construction ▁for ▁living ▁and ▁protection . ▁Now ▁construction ▁log istics ▁has emer ged ▁as ▁a ▁vital ▁part ▁of ▁construction . ▁In ▁the ▁past ▁few ▁years , ▁construction ▁log istics ▁has ▁emer ged ▁as ▁a ▁different ▁field ▁of ▁knowledge ▁and ▁study ▁within ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁supply ▁chain ▁management ▁and ▁log istics . ▁ ▁Military ▁log istics ▁▁ |
▁In ▁military ▁science , ▁maintain ing ▁one ' s ▁supply ▁lines ▁while ▁dis rupt ing ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁enemy ▁is ▁a ▁cru cial — some ▁would ▁say ▁the ▁most ▁cru cial — element ▁of ▁military ▁strategy , ▁since ▁an ▁armed ▁force ▁without ▁resources ▁and ▁transport ation ▁is ▁def ens eless . ▁The ▁historical ▁leaders ▁Hann ib al , ▁Alexander ▁the ▁Great , ▁and ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Well ington ▁are ▁considered ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁log ist ical ▁genius es : ▁Alexander ' s ▁expedition ▁benef ited ▁consider ably ▁from ▁his ▁met icul ous ▁attention ▁to ▁the ▁provision ing ▁of ▁his ▁army , ▁Hann ib al ▁is ▁cred ited ▁to ▁have ▁" t aught ▁log istics " ▁to ▁the ▁Rom ans ▁during ▁the ▁P unic ▁Wars ▁and ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁the ▁Ang lo - Port ug uese ▁army ▁in ▁the ▁Pen ins ula ▁War ▁was ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁effect iveness ▁of ▁Well ington ' s ▁supply ▁system , ▁despite ▁the ▁numerical ▁dis adv antage . ▁The ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁in ▁the ▁American ▁War ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁and ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁A xis ▁in ▁the ▁African ▁the ater ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁are ▁attributed ▁by ▁some ▁sch ol ars ▁to ▁log ist ical ▁fail ures . ▁ ▁Mil itar ies ▁have ▁a ▁significant ▁need ▁for ▁log istics ▁solutions ▁and ▁so ▁have ▁developed ▁advanced ▁implementations . ▁Integr ated ▁Log istics ▁Support ▁( IL S ) ▁is ▁a ▁discipline ▁used ▁in ▁military ▁indust ries ▁to ▁ensure ▁an ▁easily ▁support able ▁system ▁with ▁a ▁robust ▁customer ▁service |
▁( log istic ) ▁concept ▁at ▁the ▁lowest ▁cost ▁and ▁in ▁line ▁with ▁( o ften ▁high ) ▁reli ability , ▁avail ability , ▁maintain ability , ▁and ▁other ▁requirements , ▁as ▁defined ▁for ▁the ▁project . ▁ ▁In ▁military ▁log istics , ▁Log istics ▁Offic ers ▁manage ▁how ▁and ▁when ▁to ▁move ▁resources ▁to ▁the ▁places ▁they ▁are ▁needed . ▁ ▁Supp ly ▁chain ▁management ▁in ▁military ▁log istics ▁often ▁de als ▁with ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁variables ▁in ▁predict ing ▁cost , ▁d eter ior ation , ▁consumption , ▁and ▁future ▁demand . ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Ar med ▁Forces ' ▁categor ical ▁supply ▁classification ▁was ▁developed ▁in ▁such ▁a ▁way ▁that ▁categories ▁of ▁supply ▁with ▁similar ▁consumption ▁variables ▁are ▁grouped ▁together ▁for ▁planning ▁purposes . ▁For ▁instance , ▁pe ac etime ▁consumption ▁of ▁am mun ition ▁and ▁fuel ▁will ▁be ▁consider ably ▁lower ▁than ▁w art ime ▁consumption ▁of ▁these ▁items , ▁whereas ▁other ▁classes ▁of ▁supply ▁such ▁as ▁subs istence ▁and ▁cl othing ▁have ▁a ▁relatively ▁consistent ▁consumption ▁rate ▁regardless ▁of ▁war ▁or ▁peace . ▁ ▁Some ▁classes ▁of ▁supply ▁have ▁a ▁linear ▁demand ▁relationship : ▁as ▁more ▁troops ▁are ▁added , ▁more ▁supply ▁items ▁are ▁needed ; ▁or ▁as ▁more ▁equipment ▁is ▁used , ▁more ▁fuel ▁and ▁am mun ition ▁are ▁consum ed . ▁Other ▁classes ▁of ▁supply ▁must ▁consider ▁a ▁third ▁variable ▁besides ▁usage ▁and ▁quantity : ▁time . ▁As ▁equipment ▁ages , ▁more ▁and ▁more ▁repair ▁parts ▁are ▁needed ▁over ▁time , ▁even ▁when ▁usage ▁and ▁quantity ▁stay |
▁consistent . ▁By ▁recording ▁and ▁analyz ing ▁these ▁tr ends ▁over ▁time ▁and ▁applying ▁them ▁to ▁future ▁scenarios , ▁the ▁US ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁can ▁accur ately ▁supply ▁troops ▁with ▁the ▁items ▁necessary ▁at ▁the ▁precise ▁moment ▁they ▁are ▁needed . ▁History ▁has ▁shown ▁that ▁good ▁log ist ical ▁planning ▁creates ▁a ▁lean ▁and ▁efficient ▁fighting ▁force . ▁The ▁lack ▁there of ▁can ▁lead ▁to ▁a ▁cl unk y , ▁slow , ▁and ▁ill - equ ipped ▁force ▁with ▁too ▁much ▁or ▁too ▁little ▁supply . ▁ ▁Business ▁log istics ▁▁ ▁One ▁definition ▁of ▁business ▁log istics ▁speak s ▁of ▁" h aving ▁the ▁right ▁item ▁in ▁the ▁right ▁quantity ▁at ▁the ▁right ▁time ▁at ▁the ▁right ▁place ▁for ▁the ▁right ▁price ▁in ▁the ▁right ▁condition ▁to ▁the ▁right ▁customer ". ▁Business ▁log istics ▁incorpor ates ▁all ▁industry ▁se ctors ▁and ▁a ims ▁to ▁manage ▁the ▁f ru ition ▁of ▁project ▁life ▁cycles , ▁supply ▁ch ains , ▁and ▁result ant ▁effic ien cies . ▁ ▁The ▁term ▁" bus iness ▁log istics " ▁has ▁evol ved ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁increasing ▁complexity ▁of ▁supp lying ▁business es ▁with ▁materials ▁and ▁sh ipping ▁out ▁products ▁in ▁an ▁increasing ly ▁global ized ▁supply ▁chain , ▁leading ▁to ▁a ▁call ▁for ▁profession als ▁called ▁" supp ly ▁chain ▁log ist icians ". ▁ ▁In ▁business , ▁log istics ▁may ▁have ▁either ▁an ▁internal ▁focus ▁( in bound ▁log istics ) ▁or ▁an ▁external ▁focus ▁( out bound ▁log |
istics ), ▁covering ▁the ▁flow ▁and ▁storage ▁of ▁materials ▁from ▁point ▁of ▁origin ▁to ▁point ▁of ▁consumption ▁( see ▁supply - chain ▁management ). ▁The ▁main ▁functions ▁of ▁a ▁qualified ▁log istic ian ▁include ▁invent ory ▁management , ▁purch asing , ▁transport ation , ▁w are h ous ing , ▁consult ation , ▁and ▁the ▁organ izing ▁and ▁planning ▁of ▁these ▁activities . ▁Log ist icians ▁combine ▁professional ▁knowledge ▁of ▁each ▁of ▁these ▁functions ▁to ▁coordinate ▁resources ▁in ▁an ▁organization . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁fund ament ally ▁different ▁forms ▁of ▁log istics : ▁one ▁optim izes ▁a ▁steady ▁flow ▁of ▁material ▁through ▁a ▁network ▁of ▁transport ▁links ▁and ▁storage ▁nodes , ▁while ▁the ▁other ▁coordinates ▁a ▁sequence ▁of ▁resources ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁some ▁project ▁( e . g ., ▁rest ruct uring ▁a ▁w are house ). ▁ ▁N odes ▁of ▁a ▁distribution ▁network ▁ ▁The ▁nodes ▁of ▁a ▁distribution ▁network ▁include : ▁ ▁Fact ories ▁where ▁products ▁are ▁manufact ured ▁or ▁assemble d ▁ ▁A ▁dep ot ▁or ▁depos it , ▁a ▁standard ▁type ▁of ▁w are house ▁for ▁storing ▁mer ch and ise ▁( high ▁level ▁of ▁invent ory ) ▁ ▁Distribution ▁cent ers ▁for ▁order ▁processing ▁and ▁order ▁ful fill ment ▁( lower ▁level ▁of ▁invent ory ) ▁and ▁also ▁for ▁receiving ▁returning ▁items ▁from ▁clients ▁ ▁Trans it ▁points ▁for ▁cross ▁dock ing ▁activities , ▁which ▁consist ▁of ▁re ass emb ling ▁cargo ▁units ▁based ▁on ▁deliver ies ▁scheduled ▁( only ▁moving ▁mer ch and ise ) ▁ |
▁Trad itional ▁ret ail ▁stores ▁of ▁the ▁M om ▁and ▁Pop ▁variety , ▁modern ▁super mark ets , ▁hyper mark ets , ▁disc ount ▁stores ▁or ▁also ▁volunt ary ▁ch ains , ▁consum ers ' ▁co - oper ative , ▁groups ▁of ▁consumer ▁with ▁collect ive ▁bu ying ▁power . ▁Note ▁that ▁subs idi aries ▁will ▁be ▁mostly ▁owned ▁by ▁another ▁company ▁and ▁franch is ers , ▁although ▁using ▁other ▁company ▁br ands , ▁actually ▁own ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁sale . ▁ ▁There ▁may ▁be ▁some ▁inter medi aries ▁operating ▁for ▁representative ▁matters ▁between ▁nodes ▁such ▁as ▁sales ▁agents ▁or ▁bro k ers . ▁ ▁Log istic ▁families ▁and ▁metrics ▁ ▁A ▁log istic ▁family ▁is ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁products ▁that ▁share ▁a ▁common ▁characteristic : ▁weight ▁and ▁vol um et ric ▁characteristics , ▁physical ▁storing ▁needs ▁( temper ature , ▁radiation , ... ), ▁handling ▁needs , ▁order ▁frequency , ▁package ▁size , ▁etc . ▁The ▁following ▁metrics ▁may ▁be ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁company ▁to ▁organ ize ▁its ▁products ▁in ▁different ▁families : ▁ ▁Phys ical ▁metrics ▁used ▁to ▁evaluate ▁invent ory ▁systems ▁include ▁stock ing ▁capacity , ▁select ivity , ▁super f icial ▁use , ▁vol um et ric ▁use , ▁transport ▁capacity , ▁transport ▁capacity ▁use . ▁ ▁Mon et ary ▁metrics ▁used ▁include ▁space ▁holding ▁costs ▁( building , ▁sh el ving , ▁and ▁services ) ▁and ▁handling ▁costs ▁( people , ▁handling ▁mach in ery , ▁energy , ▁and ▁maintenance ). ▁ ▁Other ▁metrics ▁may ▁present ▁themselves ▁in |
▁both ▁physical ▁or ▁mon et ary ▁form , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁standard ▁In ventory ▁turn over . ▁ ▁Hand ling ▁and ▁order ▁processing ▁▁ ▁Unit ▁loads ▁are ▁combinations ▁of ▁individual ▁items ▁which ▁are ▁moved ▁by ▁handling ▁systems , ▁usually ▁employ ing ▁a ▁pal let ▁of ▁norm ed ▁dimensions . ▁ ▁Hand ling ▁systems ▁include : ▁trans - pal let ▁handlers , ▁counter weight ▁handler , ▁ret ract able ▁m ast ▁handler , ▁bil ater al ▁handlers , ▁tr il ater al ▁handlers , ▁AG V ▁and ▁other ▁handlers . ▁ ▁Storage ▁systems ▁include : ▁p ile ▁stock ing , ▁cell ▁ra cks ▁( e ither ▁static ▁or ▁mov able ), ▁cant ile ver ▁ra cks ▁and ▁gravity ▁ra cks . ▁ ▁Order ▁processing ▁is ▁a ▁sequ ential ▁process ▁involving : ▁processing ▁withdraw al ▁list , ▁pick ing ▁( select ive ▁removal ▁of ▁items ▁from ▁loading ▁units ), ▁sorting ▁( ass emb ling ▁items ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁destination ), ▁package ▁formation ▁( weight ing , ▁label ing , ▁and ▁pack ing ), ▁order ▁cons olid ation ▁( g ather ing ▁packages ▁into ▁loading ▁units ▁for ▁transport ation , ▁control ▁and ▁bill ▁of ▁l ading ). ▁ ▁Pick ing ▁can ▁be ▁both ▁manual ▁or ▁autom ated . ▁Man ual ▁pick ing ▁can ▁be ▁both ▁man ▁to ▁goods , ▁i . e . ▁operator ▁using ▁a ▁cart ▁or ▁convey or ▁bel t , ▁or ▁goods ▁to ▁man , ▁i . e . ▁the ▁operator ▁benef iting ▁from ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁a ▁mini - load ▁AS RS |
, ▁vertical ▁or ▁horizontal ▁car ousel ▁or ▁from ▁an ▁Autom atic ▁Vert ical ▁Storage ▁System ▁( AV SS ). ▁Autom atic ▁pick ing ▁is ▁done ▁either ▁with ▁disp ens ers ▁or ▁dep al let izing ▁rob ots . ▁ ▁Sort ing ▁can ▁be ▁done ▁manually ▁through ▁c arts ▁or ▁convey or ▁bel ts , ▁or ▁automatically ▁through ▁sor ters . ▁ ▁Transport ation ▁▁ ▁C argo , ▁i . e . ▁mer ch and ise ▁being ▁transport ed , ▁can ▁be ▁moved ▁through ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁transport ation ▁means ▁and ▁is ▁organized ▁in ▁different ▁ship ment ▁categories . ▁Unit ▁loads ▁are ▁usually ▁assemble d ▁into ▁higher ▁standard ized ▁units ▁such ▁as : ▁ISO ▁containers , ▁swap ▁bodies ▁or ▁semi - tra ilers . ▁Es pecially ▁for ▁very ▁long ▁distances , ▁product ▁transport ation ▁will ▁likely ▁benefit ▁from ▁using ▁different ▁transport ation ▁means : ▁mult im od al ▁transport , ▁inter modal ▁transport ▁( no ▁handling ) ▁and ▁combined ▁transport ▁( min imal ▁road ▁transport ). ▁When ▁moving ▁cargo , ▁typical ▁constraints ▁are ▁maximum ▁weight ▁and ▁volume . ▁ ▁Oper ators ▁involved ▁in ▁transport ation ▁include : ▁all ▁train , ▁road ▁vehicles , ▁boats , ▁air plan es ▁companies , ▁cou riers , ▁fre ight ▁forward ers ▁and ▁multi - modal ▁transport ▁operators . ▁ ▁Mer ch and ise ▁being ▁transport ed ▁intern ation ally ▁is ▁usually ▁subject ▁to ▁the ▁Inc ot erm s ▁standards ▁issued ▁by ▁the ▁International ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce . ▁ ▁Configuration ▁and ▁management ▁▁ ▁Similarly ▁to ▁production ▁systems , |
▁log istic ▁systems ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁properly ▁configured ▁and ▁managed . ▁Actually ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁method ologies ▁have ▁been ▁directly ▁borrow ed ▁from ▁operations ▁management ▁such ▁as ▁using ▁Econom ic ▁Order ▁Quant ity ▁models ▁for ▁man aging ▁invent ory ▁in ▁the ▁nodes ▁of ▁the ▁network . ▁Distribution ▁resource ▁planning ▁( DR P ) ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁MR P , ▁except ▁that ▁it ▁doesn ' t ▁concern ▁activities ▁inside ▁the ▁nodes ▁of ▁the ▁network ▁but ▁planning ▁distribution ▁when ▁moving ▁goods ▁through ▁the ▁links ▁of ▁the ▁network . ▁ ▁Trad itionally ▁in ▁log istics ▁configuration ▁may ▁be ▁at ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁the ▁w are house ▁( node ) ▁or ▁at ▁level ▁of ▁the ▁distribution ▁system ▁( network ). ▁ ▁Regarding ▁a ▁single ▁w are house , ▁besides ▁the ▁issue ▁of ▁design ing ▁and ▁building ▁the ▁w are house , ▁configuration ▁means ▁solving ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁inter related ▁technical - e conom ic ▁problems : ▁dimension ing ▁ra ck ▁cells , ▁choosing ▁a ▁pal let izing ▁method ▁( manual ▁or ▁through ▁rob ots ), ▁ra ck ▁dimension ing ▁and ▁design , ▁number ▁of ▁ra cks , ▁number ▁and ▁typ ology ▁of ▁retr ieval ▁systems ▁( e . g . ▁stack er ▁c ran es ). ▁Some ▁important ▁constraints ▁have ▁to ▁be ▁satisfied : ▁fork ▁and ▁load ▁be ams ▁resistance ▁to ▁b ending ▁and ▁proper ▁pla cement ▁of ▁spr ink lers . ▁Although ▁pick ing ▁is ▁more ▁of ▁a ▁tact ical ▁planning ▁decision ▁than ▁a ▁configuration ▁problem , ▁it ▁is ▁important ▁to ▁take ▁it ▁into ▁account ▁when |
▁dec iding ▁the ▁layout ▁of ▁the ▁ra cks ▁inside ▁the ▁w are house ▁and ▁bu ying ▁tools ▁such ▁as ▁handlers ▁and ▁motor ized ▁c arts ▁since ▁once ▁those ▁dec isions ▁are ▁taken ▁they ▁will ▁work ▁as ▁constraints ▁when ▁man aging ▁the ▁w are house , ▁the ▁same ▁reasoning ▁for ▁sorting ▁when ▁design ing ▁the ▁convey or ▁system ▁or ▁installing ▁automatic ▁disp ens ers . ▁ ▁Configuration ▁at ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁the ▁distribution ▁system ▁concerns ▁primarily ▁the ▁problem ▁of ▁location ▁of ▁the ▁nodes ▁in ▁ge ographic ▁space ▁and ▁distribution ▁of ▁capacity ▁among ▁the ▁nodes . ▁The ▁first ▁may ▁be ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁facility ▁location ▁( with ▁the ▁special ▁case ▁of ▁site ▁selection ) ▁while ▁the ▁latter ▁to ▁as ▁capacity ▁allocation . ▁The ▁problem ▁of ▁out s our cing ▁typically ▁ar ises ▁at ▁this ▁level : ▁the ▁nodes ▁of ▁a ▁supply ▁chain ▁are ▁very ▁rarely ▁owned ▁by ▁a ▁single ▁enter prise . ▁Distribution ▁networks ▁can ▁be ▁character ized ▁by ▁numbers ▁of ▁levels , ▁namely ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁inter medi ary ▁nodes ▁between ▁supp lier ▁and ▁consumer : ▁ ▁Direct ▁store ▁delivery , ▁i . e . ▁zero ▁levels ▁ ▁One ▁level ▁network : ▁central ▁w are house ▁ ▁Two ▁level ▁network : ▁central ▁and ▁peri pher al ▁w are h ouses ▁ ▁This ▁distinction ▁is ▁more ▁useful ▁for ▁model ing ▁purposes , ▁but ▁it ▁rel ates ▁also ▁to ▁a ▁tact ical ▁decision ▁regarding ▁safety ▁stock s : ▁considering ▁a ▁two - level ▁network , ▁if ▁safety ▁invent ory ▁is ▁kept ▁only ▁in ▁peri pher al |
▁w are h ouses ▁then ▁it ▁is ▁called ▁a ▁dependent ▁system ▁( from ▁supp liers ), ▁if ▁safety ▁invent ory ▁is ▁distributed ▁among ▁central ▁and ▁peri pher al ▁w are h ouses ▁it ▁is ▁called ▁an ▁independent ▁system ▁( from ▁supp liers ). ▁Transport ation ▁from ▁producer ▁to ▁the ▁second ▁level ▁is ▁called ▁primary ▁transport ation , ▁from ▁the ▁second ▁level ▁to ▁a ▁consumer ▁is ▁called ▁secondary ▁transport ation . ▁ ▁Although ▁config uring ▁a ▁distribution ▁network ▁from ▁zero ▁is ▁possible , ▁log ist icians ▁usually ▁have ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁rest ruct uring ▁existing ▁networks ▁due ▁to ▁presence ▁of ▁an ▁array ▁of ▁factors : ▁changing ▁demand , ▁product ▁or ▁process ▁innov ation , ▁opportun ities ▁for ▁out s our cing , ▁change ▁of ▁government ▁policy ▁toward ▁trade ▁bar riers , ▁innov ation ▁in ▁transport ation ▁means ▁( both ▁vehicles ▁or ▁thorough f ares ), ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁reg ulations ▁( not ably ▁those ▁regarding ▁poll ution ) ▁and ▁avail ability ▁of ▁I CT ▁supporting ▁systems ▁( e . g . ▁ER P ▁or ▁e - commerce ). ▁ ▁Once ▁a ▁log istic ▁system ▁is ▁configured , ▁management , ▁meaning ▁tact ical ▁dec isions , ▁takes ▁place , ▁once ▁again , ▁at ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁the ▁w are house ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁distribution ▁network . ▁Dec isions ▁have ▁to ▁be ▁made ▁under ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁constraints : ▁internal , ▁such ▁as ▁using ▁the ▁available ▁infrastr ucture , ▁or ▁external , ▁such ▁as ▁comp lying ▁with ▁the ▁given ▁product ▁sh elf ▁lif es ▁and ▁exp |
iration ▁dates . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁w are house ▁level , ▁the ▁log istic ian ▁must ▁decide ▁how ▁to ▁dist ribute ▁mer ch and ise ▁over ▁the ▁ra cks . ▁Three ▁basic ▁situations ▁are ▁tradition ally ▁considered : ▁shared ▁storage , ▁dedicated ▁storage ▁( rack ▁space ▁reserved ▁for ▁specific ▁mer ch and ise ) ▁and ▁class - based ▁storage ▁( class ▁meaning ▁mer ch and ise ▁organized ▁in ▁different ▁areas ▁according ▁to ▁their ▁access ▁index ). ▁ ▁Pick ing ▁efficiency ▁var ies ▁greatly ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁situation . ▁For ▁a ▁man ▁to ▁goods ▁situation , ▁a ▁distinction ▁is ▁carried ▁out ▁between ▁high - level ▁pick ing ▁( vertical ▁component ▁significant ) ▁and ▁low - level ▁pick ing ▁( vertical ▁component ▁ins ign ific ant ). ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁tact ical ▁dec isions ▁regarding ▁pick ing ▁must ▁be ▁made : ▁ ▁Rout ing ▁path : ▁standard ▁alternatives ▁include ▁trans vers al ▁routing , ▁return ▁routing , ▁mid point ▁routing , ▁and ▁largest ▁gap ▁return ▁routing ▁ ▁Re pl en ishment ▁method : ▁standard ▁alternatives ▁include ▁equal ▁space ▁supply ▁for ▁each ▁product ▁class ▁and ▁equal ▁time ▁supply ▁for ▁each ▁product ▁class . ▁ ▁Pick ing ▁logic : ▁order ▁pick ing ▁vs ▁batch ▁pick ing ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁the ▁distribution ▁network , ▁tact ical ▁dec isions ▁involve ▁mainly ▁invent ory ▁control ▁and ▁delivery ▁path ▁optimization . ▁Note ▁that ▁the ▁log istic ian ▁may ▁be ▁required ▁to ▁manage ▁the ▁reverse ▁flow ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁forward ▁flow . ▁ ▁W are house ▁management ▁system ▁and ▁control |
▁▁ ▁Although ▁there ▁is ▁some ▁overlap ▁in ▁functionality , ▁w are house ▁management ▁systems ▁( W MS ) ▁can ▁differ ▁significantly ▁from ▁w are house ▁control ▁systems ▁( W CS ). ▁Sim ply ▁put , ▁a ▁W MS ▁plans ▁a ▁week ly ▁activity ▁forec ast ▁based ▁on ▁such ▁factors ▁as ▁statistics ▁and ▁tr ends , ▁whereas ▁a ▁W CS ▁acts ▁like ▁a ▁floor ▁super visor , ▁working ▁in ▁real - time ▁to ▁get ▁the ▁job ▁done ▁by ▁the ▁most ▁effective ▁means . ▁For ▁instance , ▁a ▁W MS ▁can ▁tell ▁the ▁system ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁going ▁to ▁need ▁five ▁of ▁stock - keep ing ▁unit ▁( SK U ) ▁A ▁and ▁five ▁of ▁SK U ▁B ▁hours ▁in ▁advance , ▁but ▁by ▁the ▁time ▁it ▁acts , ▁other ▁consider ations ▁may ▁have ▁come ▁into ▁play ▁or ▁there ▁could ▁be ▁a ▁log j am ▁on ▁a ▁convey or . ▁A ▁W CS ▁can ▁prevent ▁that ▁problem ▁by ▁working ▁in ▁real - time ▁and ▁adapt ing ▁to ▁the ▁situation ▁by ▁making ▁a ▁last - min ute ▁decision ▁based ▁on ▁current ▁activity ▁and ▁oper ational ▁status . ▁Working ▁syn erg ist ically , ▁W MS ▁and ▁W CS ▁can ▁resolve ▁these ▁issues ▁and ▁maxim ize ▁efficiency ▁for ▁companies ▁that ▁rely ▁on ▁the ▁effective ▁operation ▁of ▁their ▁w are house ▁or ▁distribution ▁center . ▁ ▁Log istics ▁out s our cing ▁ ▁Log istics ▁out s our cing ▁involves ▁a ▁relationship ▁between ▁a ▁company ▁and ▁an ▁L SP ▁( log istic ▁service ▁provider ), ▁which , ▁compared |
▁with ▁basic ▁log istics ▁services , ▁has ▁more ▁custom ized ▁offer ings , ▁en comp ass es ▁a ▁broad ▁number ▁of ▁service ▁activities , ▁is ▁character ized ▁by ▁a ▁long - term ▁orientation , ▁and ▁thus ▁has ▁a ▁strateg ic ▁nature . ▁ ▁Out s our cing ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁to ▁be ▁complete ▁external ization ▁to ▁an ▁L SP , ▁but ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁partial : ▁ ▁A ▁single ▁contract ▁for ▁supp lying ▁a ▁specific ▁service ▁on ▁occasion ▁ ▁Cre ation ▁of ▁a ▁spin - off ▁ ▁Cre ation ▁of ▁a ▁joint ▁vent ure ▁ ▁Third - party ▁log istics ▁( 3 PL ) ▁involves ▁using ▁external ▁organizations ▁to ▁execute ▁log istics ▁activities ▁that ▁have ▁tradition ally ▁been ▁performed ▁within ▁an ▁organization ▁itself . ▁According ▁to ▁this ▁definition , ▁third - party ▁log istics ▁includes ▁any ▁form ▁of ▁out s our cing ▁of ▁log istics ▁activities ▁previously ▁performed ▁in ▁house . ▁For ▁example , ▁if ▁a ▁company ▁with ▁its ▁own ▁w are h ous ing ▁facilities ▁dec ides ▁to ▁employ ▁external ▁transport ation , ▁this ▁would ▁be ▁an ▁example ▁of ▁third - party ▁log istics . ▁Log istics ▁is ▁an ▁emer ging ▁business ▁area ▁in ▁many ▁countries . ▁ ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁a ▁fourth - party ▁log istics ▁( 4 PL ) ▁provider ▁was ▁first ▁defined ▁by ▁Anders en ▁Cons ult ing ▁( now ▁Acc ent ure ) ▁as ▁an ▁integr ator ▁that ▁assemb les ▁the ▁resources , ▁planning ▁capabilities , ▁and ▁technology ▁of ▁its ▁own ▁organization ▁and ▁other ▁organizations ▁to ▁design , |
▁build , ▁and ▁run ▁compreh ensive ▁supply ▁chain ▁solutions . ▁Where as ▁a ▁third - party ▁log istics ▁( 3 PL ) ▁service ▁provider ▁targets ▁a ▁single ▁function , ▁a ▁ 4 PL ▁targets ▁management ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁process . ▁Some ▁have ▁described ▁a ▁ 4 PL ▁as ▁a ▁general ▁contract or ▁that ▁man ages ▁other ▁ 3 PL s , ▁tr uck ers , ▁forward ers , ▁custom ▁house ▁agents , ▁and ▁others , ▁essentially ▁taking ▁responsibility ▁of ▁a ▁complete ▁process ▁for ▁the ▁customer . ▁ ▁Hor izontal ▁al li ances ▁between ▁log istics ▁service ▁prov iders ▁▁ ▁Hor izontal ▁business ▁al li ances ▁often ▁occur ▁between ▁log istics ▁service ▁prov iders , ▁i . e ., ▁the ▁co operation ▁between ▁two ▁or ▁more ▁log istics ▁companies ▁that ▁are ▁potentially ▁compet ing . ▁In ▁a ▁horizontal ▁al liance , ▁these ▁partners ▁can ▁benefit ▁two fold . ▁On ▁one ▁hand , ▁they ▁can ▁" ▁resources ▁which ▁are ▁directly ▁explo itable ". ▁In ▁this ▁example ▁extending ▁common ▁transport ation ▁networks , ▁their ▁w are house ▁infrastr ucture ▁and ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁provide ▁more ▁complex ▁service ▁packages ▁can ▁be ▁achieved ▁by ▁combining ▁resources . ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁partners ▁can ▁" access ▁int ang ible ▁resources , ▁which ▁are ▁not ▁directly ▁explo itable ". ▁This ▁typically ▁includes ▁know - how ▁and ▁information ▁and , ▁in ▁turn , ▁innov ation . ▁ ▁Log istics ▁autom ation ▁▁ ▁Log istics ▁autom ation ▁is ▁the ▁application ▁of ▁computer ▁software ▁or ▁autom ated ▁mach in ery ▁to ▁improve |
▁the ▁efficiency ▁of ▁log istics ▁operations . ▁Typ ically ▁this ▁refers ▁to ▁operations ▁within ▁a ▁w are house ▁or ▁distribution ▁center ▁with ▁bro ader ▁tasks ▁undert aken ▁by ▁supply ▁chain ▁engineering ▁systems ▁and ▁enter prise ▁resource ▁planning ▁systems . ▁ ▁Indust rial ▁mach in ery ▁can ▁typically ▁identify ▁products ▁through ▁either ▁bar code ▁or ▁R F ID ▁techn ologies . ▁Information ▁in ▁traditional ▁bar ▁codes ▁is ▁stored ▁as ▁a ▁sequence ▁of ▁black ▁and ▁white ▁bars ▁varying ▁in ▁width , ▁which ▁when ▁read ▁by ▁las er ▁is ▁translated ▁into ▁a ▁digital ▁sequence , ▁which ▁according ▁to ▁fixed ▁rules ▁can ▁be ▁converted ▁into ▁a ▁decimal ▁number ▁or ▁other ▁data . ▁Sometimes ▁information ▁in ▁a ▁bar ▁code ▁can ▁be ▁transm itted ▁through ▁radio ▁frequency , ▁more ▁typically ▁radio ▁transmission ▁is ▁used ▁in ▁R F ID ▁tags . ▁An ▁R F ID ▁tag ▁is ▁a ▁card ▁containing ▁a ▁memory ▁chip ▁and ▁an ▁anten na ▁that ▁transm its ▁signals ▁to ▁a ▁reader . ▁R F ID ▁may ▁be ▁found ▁on ▁mer ch and ise , ▁animals , ▁vehicles , ▁and ▁people ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁Log istics : ▁profession ▁and ▁organizations ▁ ▁A ▁log istic ian ▁is ▁a ▁professional ▁log istics ▁pract ition er . ▁Professional ▁log ist icians ▁are ▁often ▁cert ified ▁by ▁professional ▁associations . ▁One ▁can ▁either ▁work ▁in ▁a ▁pure ▁log istics ▁company , ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁sh ipping ▁line , ▁air port , ▁or ▁fre ight ▁forward er , ▁or ▁within ▁the ▁log istics ▁department ▁of ▁a ▁company . ▁However , ▁as ▁mentioned |
▁above , ▁log istics ▁is ▁a ▁broad ▁field , ▁en comp ass ing ▁proc ure ment , ▁production , ▁distribution , ▁and ▁dispos al ▁activities . ▁Hence , ▁career ▁pers pect ives ▁are ▁broad ▁as ▁well . ▁A ▁new ▁tr end ▁in ▁the ▁industry ▁is ▁the ▁ 4 PL , ▁or ▁fourth - party ▁log istics , ▁fir ms , ▁consult ing ▁companies ▁offering ▁log istics ▁services . ▁ ▁Some ▁univers ities ▁and ▁academic ▁institutions ▁train ▁students ▁as ▁log ist icians , ▁offering ▁under grad uate ▁and ▁post grad uate ▁programs . ▁A ▁university ▁with ▁a ▁primary ▁focus ▁on ▁log istics ▁is ▁K üh ne ▁Log istics ▁University ▁in ▁Hamburg , ▁Germany . ▁It ▁is ▁non - pro fit ▁and ▁supported ▁by ▁K üh ne - Foundation ▁of ▁the ▁log istics ▁entrepr ene ur ▁Klaus ▁Michael ▁K üh ne . ▁ ▁The ▁Char tered ▁Institute ▁of ▁Log istics ▁and ▁Transport ▁( CI LT ), ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁received ▁a ▁Royal ▁Char ter ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 . ▁The ▁Char tered ▁Institute ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁professional ▁bodies ▁or ▁institutions ▁for ▁the ▁log istics ▁and ▁transport ▁se ctors ▁that ▁offer ▁professional ▁qual ifications ▁or ▁degrees ▁in ▁log istics ▁management . ▁CI LT ▁programs ▁can ▁be ▁studied ▁at ▁cent ers ▁around ▁the ▁UK , ▁some ▁of ▁which ▁also ▁offer ▁distance ▁learning ▁options . ▁The ▁inst itute ▁also ▁have ▁over se as ▁branches ▁namely ▁The ▁Char tered ▁Institute ▁of ▁Log istics ▁& ▁Transport ▁Australia ▁( |
CI LT A ) ▁in ▁Australia ▁and ▁Char tered ▁Institute ▁of ▁Log istics ▁and ▁Transport ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁( C IL TH K ) ▁in ▁Hong ▁Kong . ▁In ▁the ▁UK , ▁Log istics ▁Management ▁programs ▁are ▁conducted ▁by ▁many ▁univers ities ▁and ▁professional ▁bodies ▁such ▁as ▁CI LT . ▁These ▁programs ▁are ▁generally ▁offered ▁at ▁the ▁post grad uate ▁level . ▁ ▁The ▁Global ▁Institute ▁of ▁Log istics ▁established ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁is ▁a ▁Think ▁tank ▁for ▁the ▁profession ▁and ▁is ▁primarily ▁concerned ▁with ▁inter cont inental ▁mar itime ▁log istics . ▁It ▁is ▁particularly ▁concerned ▁with ▁container ▁log istics ▁and ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁the ▁se ap ort ▁authority ▁in ▁the ▁mar itime ▁log istics ▁chain . ▁The ▁Institute ▁has ▁developed ▁a ▁community ▁of ▁over ▁ 8 , 5 0 0 ▁log ist icians ▁who ▁act ▁a ▁global ▁knowledge ▁network ▁committed ▁to ▁supporting ▁the ▁Institute ' s ▁mission ▁of ▁contrib uting ▁to ▁the ▁resolution ▁of ▁legacy ▁challeng es ▁in ▁global ▁log istics . ▁Ch alleng es ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁traditional ▁approach ▁of ▁man aging ▁single ▁transport ▁modes , ▁modal ▁systems ▁as ▁stand - alone ▁operations . ▁The ▁key ▁to ▁over coming ▁these ▁legacy ▁challeng es ▁is ▁for ▁the ▁individual ▁st ake holder ▁groups ▁within ▁the ▁log istics ▁chain ▁to ▁act ively ▁eng age ▁with ▁each ▁other . ▁The ▁promotion ▁of ▁this ▁ag enda ▁is ▁the ▁Institute ' s ▁work . ▁ ▁The ▁International ▁Association ▁of ▁Public ▁Health ▁Log ist icians ▁( I AP HL ) ▁is |
▁a ▁professional ▁network ▁that ▁prom otes ▁the ▁professional ▁development ▁of ▁supply ▁chain ▁man agers ▁and ▁others ▁working ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁public ▁health ▁log istics ▁and ▁comm od ity ▁security , ▁with ▁particular ▁focus ▁on ▁developing ▁countries . ▁The ▁association ▁supports ▁log ist icians ▁world wide ▁by ▁providing ▁a ▁community ▁of ▁practice , ▁where ▁members ▁can ▁network , ▁exchange ▁ideas , ▁and ▁improve ▁their ▁professional ▁skills . ▁ ▁Log istics ▁museum s ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁many ▁museum s ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁which ▁cover ▁various ▁aspects ▁of ▁practical ▁log istics . ▁These ▁include ▁museum s ▁of ▁transport ation , ▁custom s , ▁pack ing , ▁and ▁industry - based ▁log istics . ▁However , ▁only ▁the ▁following ▁museum s ▁are ▁fully ▁dedicated ▁to ▁log istics : ▁ ▁General ▁log istics : ▁ ▁Log istics ▁Museum ▁( Saint ▁Petersburg , ▁Russia ) ▁ ▁Museum ▁of ▁Log istics ▁( T ok yo , ▁Japan ) ▁ ▁Be ij ing ▁Wu zi ▁University ▁Log istics ▁Museum ▁( Be ij ing , ▁China ) ▁ ▁Military ▁log istics : ▁ ▁Royal ▁Log istic ▁Corps ▁Museum ▁( Sur rey , ▁England , ▁United ▁Kingdom ) ▁ ▁The ▁Canadian ▁Forces ▁Log istics ▁Museum ▁( Mont real , ▁Quebec , ▁Canada ) ▁ ▁Museum ▁of ▁the ▁Army ▁Log istics ▁( H ano i , ▁Vietnam ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Phys ical ▁invent ory ▁ ▁Document ▁autom ation ▁in ▁supply ▁chain ▁management ▁and ▁log istics ▁ ▁Autom ated ▁identification ▁and ▁data ▁capture ▁ ▁Storage ▁management ▁system ▁ ▁In ventory ▁management ▁software |
▁ ▁Fre ight ▁claim ▁ ▁Sales ▁territory ▁ ▁Integr ated ▁Service ▁Pro vider ▁ ▁Performance - based ▁log istics ▁ ▁Log istics ▁Performance ▁Index ▁Fre ight ▁forward er ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁Eng els , ▁Donald ▁W . ▁( 1 9 8 0 ). ▁Alexander ▁the ▁Great ▁and ▁the ▁Log istics ▁of ▁the ▁Mac ed onian ▁Army , ▁University ▁of ▁California ▁Press ▁( 1 9 4 ▁pages ). ▁online ▁ ▁H ess , ▁Earl ▁J . ▁Civil ▁War ▁Log istics : ▁A ▁Study ▁of ▁Military ▁Transport ation ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁online ▁review ▁ ▁H ust on , ▁James ▁A . ▁( 1 9 6 6 ). ▁The ▁S ine ws ▁of ▁War : ▁Army ▁Log istics , ▁ 1 7 7 5 – 1 9 5 3 , ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁( 7 8 9 ▁pages ). ▁online ▁ ▁Hand field , ▁R . B ., ▁Stra ube , ▁F ., ▁Pf ohl , ▁H . C . ▁& ▁Wiel and , ▁A ., ▁Tr ends ▁and ▁Str ateg ies ▁in ▁Log istics ▁and ▁Supp ly ▁Ch ain ▁Management : ▁Emb rac ing ▁Global ▁Log istics ▁Complex ity ▁to ▁Drive ▁Market ▁Adv antage , ▁B V L ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁ ▁Ron ald ▁H . ▁Ball ou , ▁Sam ir ▁K . ▁S riv ast ava , ▁Business ▁Log istics : ▁Supp ly ▁Ch ain ▁Management , ▁Pear son ▁Education , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ ▁Donald ▁Bow ers ox , ▁David ▁Cl oss , |
▁M . ▁B ix by ▁Cooper , ▁Supp ly ▁Ch ain ▁Log istics ▁Management , ▁McG raw - H ill ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁M . ▁Christopher : ▁Log istics ▁& ▁Supp ly ▁Ch ain ▁Management : ▁creating ▁value - adding ▁networks , ▁Pr ent ice ▁Hall ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁online ▁ ▁J . ▁V . ▁Jones : ▁Integr ated ▁Log istics ▁Support ▁Hand book , ▁McG raw - H ill ▁Log istics ▁Series ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁ ▁B . ▁S . ▁Bl anch ard : ▁Log istics ▁Engineering ▁and ▁Management , ▁Pear son ▁Pr ent ice ▁Hall ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁R . G . ▁Pol u ha : ▁The ▁Quint ess ence ▁of ▁Supp ly ▁Ch ain ▁Management : ▁What ▁You ▁Re ally ▁Need ▁to ▁Know ▁to ▁Man age ▁Your ▁Process es ▁in ▁Pro c ure ment , ▁Man ufact uring , ▁W are h ous ing , ▁and ▁Log istics ▁( Qu int ess ence ▁Series ). ▁First ▁Edition . ▁Springer ▁Heidel berg ▁New ▁York ▁D ord recht ▁London ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁▁ ▁Pre cl ík ▁V rat is lav : ▁Pr ů mys lov á ▁log ist ika ▁( Ind ust rial ▁log istics ), ▁ 3 5 9 ▁p ., ▁, ▁First ▁issue ▁Nak lad atel ství ▁Č V UT ▁v ▁Pra ze , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁pp . ▁ 7 ▁- ▁ 5 0 , ▁ 6 3 ▁- ▁ 7 3 |
, ▁ 7 5 ▁- ▁ 8 5 , ▁ 1 2 3 ▁- ▁ 3 4 7 , ▁Prag ue ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁▁ ▁Category : Bus iness ▁terms ▁Category : H uman ▁activities ▁with ▁impact ▁on ▁the ▁environment ▁▁ ▁Category : System s ▁engineering <0x0A> </s> ▁Thomas ▁T ipping ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Thomas ▁T ipping ▁( kn ight ) ▁( 1 6 1 4 – 1 6 9 3 ), ▁Parliament arian ▁during ▁the ▁English ▁Civil ▁War ▁ ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁T ipping , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron et ▁( 1 6 5 3 – 1 7 1 8 ), ▁English ▁baron et ▁and ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁ ▁Thomas ▁T ipping ▁( d ied ▁ 1 7 7 6 ), ▁MP ▁for ▁L outh ▁( Par liament ▁of ▁Ireland ▁constitu ency ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Gall up ▁International ▁Association ▁( G IA ) ▁is ▁an ▁association ▁of ▁pol ling ▁organizations ▁registered ▁in ▁Zur ich , ▁Switzerland . ▁The ▁Gall up ▁International ▁Association ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁in ▁L ox wood ▁Hall , ▁Sus sex , ▁UK . ▁Dr . ▁George ▁H . ▁Gall up ▁served ▁as ▁its ▁first ▁President , ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁From ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁management ▁headquarters ▁has ▁been ▁located ▁in ▁Vienna , ▁Austria . ▁▁ ▁Gall up , ▁Inc . ▁US ▁and ▁the ▁Gall up ▁International ▁Association ▁( G IA ) ▁were ▁involved ▁in ▁a ▁legal ▁dispute |
▁over ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁Gall up ▁name . ▁ ▁Gall up ▁International ▁Association ▁or ▁its ▁members ▁are ▁not ▁related ▁to ▁Gall up ▁Inc ., ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁Washington ▁D . C ▁which ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Gall up ▁International ▁Association . ▁Gall up ▁International ▁Association ▁does ▁not ▁accept ▁responsibility ▁for ▁opinion ▁pol ling ▁other ▁than ▁its ▁own . ▁Gall up ▁International ▁requires ▁that ▁their ▁surve ys ▁be ▁cred ited ▁fully ▁as ▁Gall up ▁International ▁( not ▁Gall up ▁or ▁Gall up ▁Pol l ). ▁ ▁The ▁Board ▁includes ▁Kan cho ▁Sto y chev ▁( Pres ident ), ▁Michael ▁N it sche ▁( Exec utive ▁Vice ▁President ), ▁Steven ▁K ang ▁( V ice ▁President ), ▁Johnny ▁He ald ▁( V ice ▁President ), ▁Dr . ▁And rey ▁M ile k hin ▁( V ice ▁President ) ▁and ▁Dr . ▁Mun q ith ▁D ag her ▁( Reg ional ▁Director ▁M EN A ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Gall up ▁International ▁Association ▁Category : Service ▁companies ▁of ▁Switzerland <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 5 0 th ▁An ni versary ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁S cul pt ures ▁are ▁ 2 0 ▁sculpt ures ▁ere cted ▁in ▁Ist an bul ▁that ▁were ▁created ▁by ▁selected ▁Turkish ▁sculpt ors ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Republic . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁the ▁Committee ▁for ▁the ▁ 5 0 th ▁An ni versary ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁C ele br |
ations , ▁gathered ▁at ▁the ▁Ist an bul ▁Govern ors ▁headquarters ▁and ▁initially ▁they ▁wanted ▁ 5 0 ▁sculpt ures ▁to ▁be ▁created ▁to ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁ 5 0 ▁years ▁however ▁due ▁to ▁lack ▁of ▁funds ▁they ▁reduced ▁the ▁number ▁to ▁ 2 0 . ▁ ▁On ▁Sept , ▁ 1 3 ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁the ▁sketch es ▁and ▁photos ▁sent ▁by ▁the ▁ 2 0 ▁selected ▁artists ▁are ▁approved ▁by ▁the ▁board ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁committee . ▁ ▁Context ▁in ▁Turkish ▁sculpt ure ▁It ▁was ▁difficult ▁for ▁Turkish ▁sculpt ors ▁to ▁get ▁expos ure ▁in ▁the ▁years ▁between ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁What ▁sculpt ors ▁need ▁is ▁for ▁their ▁sculpt ures ▁to ▁be ▁displayed ▁in ▁public ▁spaces . ▁S cul pt ures , ▁other ▁than ▁monuments , ▁were ▁not ▁really ▁present ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁project ▁to ▁create ▁ 5 0 ▁sculpt ures ▁for ▁Ist an bul ▁within ▁the ▁scope ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 0 th ▁anni versary ▁celebr ations ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Republic ▁was ▁a ▁turning ▁point ▁for ▁Turkish ▁sculpt ure . ▁For ▁the ▁first ▁time , ▁sculpt ors ▁were ▁given ▁a ▁chance , ▁outside ▁the ▁scope ▁of ▁monuments , ▁to ▁create ▁sculpt ures ▁for ▁pre - det erm ined ▁locations . ▁This ▁allowed ▁for ▁a ▁shift ▁to ▁modern ▁sculpt ure ▁from ▁monument al ▁sculpt ure . ▁The ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁project , ▁which ▁initially ▁set ▁out ▁to ▁create ▁ 5 0 ▁sculpt ures |
, ▁were ▁ 2 0 ▁sculpt ures ▁ere cted ▁in ▁Ist an b uls ▁public ▁spaces ▁by ▁important ▁sculpt ors ▁which ▁reflected ▁their ▁original ▁sculpt ing ▁style . ▁ ▁The ▁sculpt ures ▁ ▁D ram atic ▁fate ▁of ▁the ▁sculpt ures ▁Sur pr ising ly , ▁many ▁of ▁these ▁ 2 0 ▁sculpt ures ▁met ▁a ▁dram atic ▁end ▁or ▁were ▁dist urbed , ▁dam aged ▁and / or ▁removed ▁from ▁their ▁location , ▁some ▁not ▁even ▁few ▁days ▁after ▁they ▁were ▁ere cted . ▁ ▁Gü zel ▁ İ stan bul , ▁by ▁G ür dal ▁Du yar , ▁is ▁removed ▁from ▁its ▁foundation ▁at ▁Kar ak ö y ▁square , ▁being ▁found ▁' inde cent ', ▁and ▁is ▁removed ▁to ▁the ▁Y ı ld ı z ▁Park ▁being ▁dam aged ▁in ▁the ▁process ; ▁ İ ş ç i ▁by ▁Mu za f fer ▁Er tor an ▁becomes ▁the ▁target ed ▁in ▁attacks ; ▁the ▁fate ▁of ▁N us ret ▁Sum ans ▁M imar ▁Sin an ▁is ▁unknown ; ▁ İ kim iz ▁by ▁Nam ı k ▁Den iz han ▁is ▁removed ▁due ▁to ▁' dam age ▁from ▁external ▁factors '; ▁Bir lik ▁by ▁Me h met ▁U yan ı k , ▁becomes ▁the ▁victim ▁of ▁a ▁municipal ▁compress or ▁gun ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ; ▁Y ü ks eli ş ▁by ▁Bi hr at ▁M av it ran ▁is ▁sacrific ed ▁to ▁road ▁construction ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ; ▁Ya ğ m ur ▁by ▁Fer it |
▁Ö z ş en ▁suff ers ▁n atures ▁wr ath ; ▁the ▁abstract ▁composition ▁by ▁F ü sun ▁On ur ▁is ▁removed ▁during ▁Bed rett in ▁Dal ans ▁Municipal ▁ten ure ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ; ▁the ▁abstract ▁sculpt ure ▁by ▁Se y h un ▁Top uz ▁col laps es ▁due ▁to ▁' natural ▁causes ' ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ; ▁the ▁abstract ▁sculpt ure ▁by ▁T amer ▁Ba ş o ğ lu ▁disapp ears ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ; ▁the ▁abstract ▁sculpt ure ▁by ▁Y av uz ▁Gö rey ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁st olen ▁for ▁its ▁material ▁( br on ze ) ▁and ▁similarly ▁the ▁abstract ▁sculpt ure ▁by ▁Met in ▁H ase ki ▁disapp ears ▁for ▁its ▁material ▁( co pper ). ▁ ▁Rec ent ▁events ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 7 ▁of ▁the ▁sculpt ures ▁were ▁clean ed ▁and ▁restored ▁in ▁the ▁scope ▁of ▁the ▁" sc ulpt ure ▁project ". ▁H ü sey in ▁An ka ▁Ö zk ans ▁Y ank ı ▁was ▁worked ▁on ▁for ▁ 6 ▁hours ▁under ▁the ▁consult ancy ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Ü z l if at ▁Ö z g ü m ü ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁was ▁reported ly ▁restored ▁to ▁its ▁original ▁state . ▁Within ▁the ▁scope ▁of ▁the ▁rest or ations ▁the ▁sculpt ures ▁to ▁be ▁restored ▁till ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁are ▁the ▁Abstract ▁in ▁Ma ç ka , ▁Bah ar ▁in ▁Em ir gan ▁Park |
, ▁the ▁Republic ▁ 5 0 . ▁Years ▁Monument ▁in ▁Gal at as ar ay ▁Square , ▁Day an ı ş ma ▁in ▁F ı nd ı kl ı ▁Park , ▁Fig ür ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁Mu h sin ▁Er tu ğ r ul ▁Theater , ▁and ▁the ▁abstract ▁sculpt ure ▁at ▁B eb ek ▁children ' s ▁park . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Category : S cul pt ures ▁in ▁Turkey ▁S cul pt ures ▁Category : Culture ▁in ▁Ist an bul ▁Category : Events ▁in ▁Ist an bul <0x0A> </s> ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁was ▁a ▁tor ped o ▁cru iser ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Navy , ▁the ▁second ▁and ▁final ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁. ▁She ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁Germania wer ft ▁ship yard ▁in ▁Germany ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 – 0 7 , ▁and ▁was ▁delivered ▁to ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Navy ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 0 7 . ▁The ▁ship ' s ▁primary ▁arm ament ▁consisted ▁of ▁three ▁ ▁tor ped o ▁tub es ▁and ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁ ▁guns , ▁and ▁she ▁was ▁capable ▁of ▁a ▁top ▁speed ▁of ▁. ▁The ▁ship ' s ▁early ▁career ▁was ▁une vent ful ; ▁the ▁Ital o - T urk ish ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 1 – 1 2 ▁passed ▁without ▁any ▁action ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁fleet . ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁saw ▁action ▁during ▁the ▁B alk an ▁Wars ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 2 – 1 |
3 ▁in ▁the ▁A ege an ▁and ▁Black ▁Se as , ▁against ▁Greek ▁and ▁Bulgar ian ▁oppon ents , ▁respectively . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁entered ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁was ▁employed ▁in ▁pat rol s ▁in ▁the ▁Black ▁Sea . ▁These ▁included ▁attacks ▁on ▁Russian ▁ports ▁with ▁the ▁ex - G erman ▁war ships ▁Y av uz ▁Sultan ▁Sel im ▁and ▁Mid illi . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁struck ▁a ▁naval ▁mine ▁while ▁esc ort ing ▁a ▁con voy ▁to ▁Z ong uld ak ; ▁the ▁explos ion ▁sever ely ▁dam aged ▁the ▁ship ▁and ▁kept ▁her ▁out ▁of ▁service ▁until ▁April ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁For ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁war , ▁she ▁pat rolled ▁the ▁Black ▁Sea . ▁The ▁ship ▁was ▁renamed ▁Ber k ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁and ▁modern ized ▁twice , ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 2 0 s ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁late - 1 9 3 0 s . ▁She ▁remained ▁in ▁service ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁str icken ▁from ▁the ▁naval ▁register . ▁Ber k ▁was ▁ultimately ▁broken ▁up ▁for ▁sc rap ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 – 5 5 . ▁ ▁Design ▁ ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet , ▁class ified ▁as ▁a ▁tor ped o ▁cru iser ▁by ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Navy ▁( tor p ido - k ru v az ör ), |
▁was ▁also ▁sometimes ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁a ▁tor ped o ▁gun bo at . ▁She ▁was ▁ ▁long , ▁with ▁a ▁beam ▁of ▁ ▁and ▁a ▁draft ▁of ▁. ▁She ▁disp la ced ▁ ▁while ▁on ▁sea ▁tri als . ▁The ▁ship ▁was ▁power ed ▁by ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁vertical ▁triple - exp ansion ▁engines ▁each ▁driving ▁a ▁sc rew ▁prop eller . ▁The ▁engines ▁were ▁r ated ▁at ▁ ▁for ▁a ▁top ▁speed ▁of ▁; ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁had ▁a ▁cru ising ▁radius ▁of ▁. ▁Her ▁crew ▁number ed ▁ 1 0 5 o ffic ers ▁and ▁en list ed ▁men . ▁ ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat v ets ▁primary ▁off ensive ▁arm ament ▁was ▁her ▁three ▁ ▁tor ped o ▁tub es . ▁One ▁was ▁mounted ▁in ▁the ▁bow , ▁above ▁water , ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁two ▁were ▁in ▁deck - mount ed ▁sw ivel ▁launch ers ▁amid ships . ▁She ▁was ▁armed ▁with ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁ ▁guns ▁that ▁were ▁placed ▁in ▁shield ed ▁single ▁mount s ▁on ▁the ▁forec ast le ▁and ▁quarter deck . ▁She ▁also ▁carried ▁six ▁ ▁guns , ▁four ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁mounted ▁in ▁spons ons , ▁and ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁ ▁guns . ▁She ▁had ▁no ▁arm or ▁protection . ▁ ▁Service ▁history ▁ ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁was ▁ordered ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁January ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁and ▁laid ▁down ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁at ▁the ▁Germania wer ft ▁ship yard |
▁in ▁K iel , ▁Germany . ▁She ▁was ▁launched ▁on ▁ 1 ▁December ▁of ▁that ▁year , ▁and ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 . ▁After ▁comple ting ▁sea ▁tri als , ▁she ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Navy , ▁arriv ing ▁in ▁Constantin ople ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁November , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁formally ▁commission ed ▁into ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁fleet . ▁The ▁name ▁meant ▁the ▁Light ing ▁of ▁the ▁Al m ight y . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 9 , ▁she ▁and ▁her ▁sister ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁fleet ▁man eu ver ▁conducted ▁by ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Navy ▁in ▁twenty ▁years . ▁During ▁the ▁Ital o - T urk ish ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 1 – 1 2 , ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁Reserve ▁Division , ▁which ▁was ▁centered ▁on ▁the ▁elder ly ▁iron cl ads ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁She ▁did ▁not ▁see ▁action ▁during ▁the ▁conflict , ▁since ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁fleet ▁spent ▁the ▁war ▁in ▁port . ▁ ▁B alk an ▁Wars ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁Black ▁Sea ▁on ▁ 9 ▁December ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁to ▁rein force ▁the ▁squad ron ▁there ▁during ▁the ▁First ▁B alk an ▁War . ▁Later ▁that ▁month , ▁she ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁A ege an ▁to ▁take ▁part ▁in ▁operations ▁against ▁the ▁Gree ks . ▁On ▁ 2 0 ▁December , ▁she , ▁the ▁protected ▁cru iser ▁, ▁and ▁a ▁division ▁of ▁tor |
ped o ▁boats ▁left ▁the ▁D ard an elles ▁for ▁Im b ros ▁in ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁trap ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁Greek ▁destroy ers ▁that ▁was ▁operating ▁off ▁the ▁stra its . ▁At ▁ 0 9 : 5 5 , ▁the ▁two ▁Ott oman ▁cru is ers ▁encountered ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁six ▁Greek ▁destroy ers , ▁but ▁after ▁a ▁few ▁minutes ▁of ▁firing , ▁the ▁Gree ks ▁dis eng aged ▁and ▁fled . ▁While ▁cru ising ▁off ▁Bo z ca ada ▁at ▁ 1 0 : 4 0 , ▁they ▁found ▁the ▁Greek ▁destroy er ▁. ▁Asp is ▁turned ▁and ▁fled , ▁and ▁during ▁the ▁purs uit , ▁M ec idi ye ▁was ▁attacked ▁un success fully ▁by ▁the ▁sub marine ▁. ▁At ▁ 1 1 : 0 0 , ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁and ▁M ec idi ye ▁broke ▁off ▁the ▁ch ase ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁stra its . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁action ▁around ▁Bo z ca ada , ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Army ▁became ▁convinced ▁that ▁it ▁could ▁re capt ure ▁the ▁island ▁from ▁the ▁Gree ks ▁with ▁a ▁small ▁cont ing ent ▁of ▁troops , ▁and ▁so ▁planning ▁began ▁for ▁an ▁am ph ib ious ▁assault ▁on ▁the ▁island . ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet , ▁M ec idi ye , ▁and ▁the ▁protected ▁cru iser ▁ ▁were ▁to ▁provide ▁fire ▁support ▁during ▁the ▁landing . ▁The ▁three ▁cru is ers ▁depart ed ▁ Ç an ak k ale ▁at ▁ 0 6 |
: 0 0 ▁on ▁ 4 ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁and ▁passed ▁Cape ▁H elles ▁at ▁around ▁ 7 : 1 5 , ▁accompanied ▁by ▁a ▁squad ron ▁of ▁destroy ers . ▁Fif teen ▁minutes ▁later , ▁they ▁encountered ▁a ▁Greek ▁squad ron ▁and ▁at ▁ 7 : 4 0 ▁the ▁two ▁sides ▁began ▁a ▁short ▁exchange ▁of ▁fire ▁at ▁long ▁range ▁but ▁neither ▁side ▁sought ▁to ▁press ▁the ▁attack . ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁and ▁M ec idi ye ▁turned ▁to ▁cover ▁the ▁force ▁from ▁a ▁possible ▁attack ▁from ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁Bo z ca ada . ▁By ▁ 1 0 : 0 0 , ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁batt les hip ▁division ▁had ▁joined ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁fleet , ▁and ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁took ▁up ▁a ▁position ▁ast ern ▁of ▁the ▁batt les hips . ▁With ▁the ▁Greek ▁squad ron ▁threaten ing ▁to ▁cut ▁the ▁Ott om ans ▁off ▁from ▁the ▁D ard an elles ▁by ▁ 1 1 : 3 0 , ▁the ▁Ott om ans ▁turned ▁back ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁safety ▁of ▁the ▁stra its . ▁A ▁short ▁eng agement ▁forced ▁the ▁Gree ks ▁to ▁withdraw ▁without ▁either ▁side ▁inc urr ing ▁damage , ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 5 : 3 0 , ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁and ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁fleet ▁had ▁returned ▁to ▁ Ç an ak k ale . ▁The ▁army ▁subsequently ▁abandoned ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁ret aking ▁Bo z ca ada . ▁ ▁On |
▁ 4 F ebru ary ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁bomb arded ▁Bulgar ian ▁positions ▁at ▁ Ş ark ö y ▁on ▁the ▁northern ▁coast ▁of ▁the ▁Sea ▁of ▁Mar m ara ▁in ▁prepar ation ▁for ▁an ▁am ph ib ious ▁assault . ▁Four ▁days ▁later , ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁n avy ▁returned ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁landing ▁at ▁ Ş ark ö y . ▁T urg ut ▁Re is ▁and ▁Bar bar os ▁Hay red din , ▁along ▁with ▁two ▁small ▁cru is ers ▁provided ▁art illery ▁support ▁to ▁the ▁right ▁fl ank ▁of ▁the ▁inv ading ▁force ▁once ▁it ▁went ▁ash ore . ▁The ▁ships ▁were ▁position ed ▁about ▁one ▁kilometer ▁off ▁shore , ▁with ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁leading ▁the ▁line , ▁which ▁also ▁included ▁M ec idi ye ▁and ▁the ▁pre - d read n ought ▁batt les hips ▁ ▁and ▁. ▁The ▁Bulgar ian ▁army ▁resist ed ▁fier c ely , ▁which ▁ultimately ▁forced ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁army ▁to ▁retre at , ▁though ▁the ▁withdraw al ▁was ▁successful ▁in ▁large ▁part ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁gun fire ▁support ▁from ▁the ▁fleet . ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁and ▁M ec idi ye ▁covered ▁the ▁left ▁fl ank ▁while ▁the ▁two ▁batt les hips ▁supported ▁the ▁left ▁during ▁the ▁ev acu ation . ▁In ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁operation , ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁had ▁fired ▁eight y - four ▁ 1 0 5 mm ▁shell s |
. ▁ ▁On ▁ 9 ▁March , ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁joined ▁a ▁swe ep ▁toward ▁Im b ros , ▁an ▁island ▁in ▁the ▁A ege an ▁Sea ▁at ▁the ▁entrance ▁to ▁the ▁G ulf ▁of ▁Sar os ; ▁she ▁briefly ▁engaged ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁Greek ▁destroy ers ▁and ▁stopped ▁a ▁ste amer ▁flying ▁under ▁the ▁French ▁flag . ▁The ▁vessel , ▁which ▁appeared ▁to ▁be ▁supp lying ▁Bulgar ian ▁forces , ▁was ▁taken ▁as ▁a ▁prize ▁by ▁the ▁destroy er ▁. ▁Later ▁in ▁March , ▁she ▁again ▁esc orted ▁Bar bar os ▁Hay red din ▁and ▁T urg ut ▁Re is ▁in ▁the ▁Black ▁Sea , ▁while ▁the ▁two ▁batt les hips ▁bomb arded ▁Bulgar ian ▁troops ▁that ▁were ▁attempting ▁to ▁bre ach ▁the ▁line ▁of ▁def enses ▁at ▁ Ç atal ca . ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁April , ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁joined ▁a ▁fleet ▁consisting ▁of ▁Bar bar os ▁Hay red din , ▁T urg ut ▁Re is , ▁ Â s âr - ı ▁Te v fik , ▁and ▁several ▁smaller ▁war ships . ▁The ▁ships ▁sort ied ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁D ard an elles ▁and ▁encountered ▁a ▁Greek ▁fleet . ▁After ▁a ▁brief ▁eng agement ▁at ▁extreme ▁range , ▁the ▁Ott om ans ▁and ▁Gree ks ▁with d rew ▁to ▁the ▁D ard an elles ▁and ▁Im b ros , ▁respectively . ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁ ▁In ▁late ▁July ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁broke ▁out ▁in ▁Europe |
, ▁though ▁the ▁Ott om ans ▁initially ▁remained ▁neutral . ▁On ▁ 1 4 ▁August , ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁joined ▁pat rol s ▁of ▁the ▁D ard an elles , ▁the ▁def enses ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁strength ened ▁with ▁several ▁new ▁mine fields . ▁T ensions ▁between ▁the ▁Ott om ans ▁and ▁a ▁British ▁fleet ▁pat rolling ▁the ▁entrance ▁to ▁the ▁D ard an elles ▁increased ▁until ▁ 5 ▁November , ▁when ▁Britain ▁and ▁France ▁declared ▁war ▁on ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁In ▁the ▁meant ime , ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁had ▁been ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁Black ▁Sea . ▁She ▁joined ▁the ▁cru iser ▁Mid illi , ▁formerly ▁the ▁German ▁Bres lau , ▁for ▁an ▁attack ▁on ▁the ▁Russian ▁port ▁of ▁Nov or os si y sk ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁October . ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁emb ark ed ▁on ▁another ▁attack , ▁this ▁time ▁with ▁the ▁battle c ru iser ▁Y av uz ▁Sultan ▁Sel im , ▁formerly ▁the ▁German ▁Go eben . ▁The ▁battle c ru iser ▁sh elled ▁Se v ast opol ▁while ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁observed ; ▁she ▁had ▁been ▁sent ▁with ▁Y av uz ▁Sultan ▁Sel im ▁primarily ▁to ▁train ▁her ▁crew . ▁ ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁sort ied ▁with ▁her ▁sister ▁and ▁Y av uz ▁Sultan ▁Sel im ▁on ▁ 5 ▁December ▁to ▁provide ▁distant ▁support ▁to ▁a ▁tro op ▁con voy ▁head ed ▁to ▁R ize . ▁On ▁ 2 ▁January |
▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁at ▁ 1 5 : 0 0 , ▁she , ▁Mid illi , ▁and ▁the ▁cru iser ▁ ▁ste amed ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁Bos por us ▁to ▁esc ort ▁a ▁transport ▁to ▁Z ong uld ak , ▁after ▁which ▁the ▁three ▁cru is ers ▁are ▁to ▁conduct ▁a ▁pat rol ▁off ▁the ▁port . ▁At ▁ 1 8 : 0 0 ▁into ▁the ▁voyage , ▁a ▁Russian ▁mine ▁expl oded , ▁which ▁led ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat v ets ▁commander ▁to ▁take ▁ev as ive ▁action . ▁The ▁ship ▁struck ▁a ▁mine ▁in ▁the ▁darkness , ▁which ▁caused ▁significant ▁damage . ▁The ▁mine ▁destroyed ▁both ▁of ▁her ▁prop ellers ▁and ▁caused ▁serious ▁flo oding ▁at ▁her ▁stern . ▁Two ▁t ugs ▁arrived ▁and ▁to wed ▁Ber k - i ▁Sat vet ▁to ▁ İ st in ye ▁with ▁Ham idi ye ▁as ▁an ▁esc ort . ▁The ▁damage ▁was ▁so ▁severe ▁that ▁the ▁ship ▁was ▁disabled ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁war . ▁After ▁length y ▁rep airs , ▁the ▁ship ▁was ▁recomm ission ed ▁on ▁ 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁and ▁pat rol s ▁between ▁Constantin ople ▁and ▁Bat umi . ▁She ▁remained ▁in ▁the ▁Black ▁Sea ▁through ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁war . ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁November , ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁signed ▁the ▁Arm ist ice ▁of ▁M ud ros ▁with ▁the ▁Ent ente ▁powers , ▁which ▁concluded ▁the ▁conflict . ▁ ▁Later ▁career ▁The ▁ship ▁was ▁renamed ▁Ber k ▁in |
▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁following ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁Turkish ▁War ▁of ▁Independ ence , ▁which ▁saw ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Turkey ▁replace ▁the ▁old ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁the ▁ship ▁had ▁been ▁placed ▁out ▁of ▁service . ▁From ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 5 , ▁she ▁was ▁modern ized ▁at ▁the ▁G öl c ük ▁Naval ▁Sh ip yard ▁and ▁was ▁recomm ission ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 5 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 7 , ▁the ▁ship ▁visited ▁ İ z mir . ▁She ▁was ▁re built ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 – 3 9 ▁and ▁incorpor ated ▁substantial ▁improvements . ▁Her ▁stem ▁was ▁replaced ▁and ▁her ▁super structure ▁was ▁re built . ▁The ▁old ▁gun ▁arm ament ▁was ▁replaced ▁with ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁▁ 4 5 - cal iber ▁guns ▁and ▁four ▁ 3 7 mm ▁ 4 0 - cal iber ▁guns , ▁and ▁equipment ▁to ▁handle ▁ 2 5 ▁mines ▁was ▁installed . ▁The ▁ship ▁continued ▁in ▁service ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁str icken ▁from ▁the ▁naval ▁register . ▁She ▁was ▁h ul ked ▁at ▁the ▁G öl c ük ▁ship yard ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁and ▁broken ▁up ▁for ▁sc rap ▁between ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 5 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : C ru is ers ▁of ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Navy ▁Category : Sh ips ▁built |
▁in ▁K iel ▁Category : 1 9 0 6 ▁ships ▁Category : P ey k - i ▁ Ş ev ket - class ▁cru iser <0x0A> </s> ▁Bow ling ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Asian ▁Para ▁Games ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁T ian he ▁Bow ling ▁Hall , ▁Gu ang z hou , ▁China ▁from ▁December ▁ 1 4 ▁to ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Medal ▁summary ▁ ▁Medal ▁table ▁Retrieved ▁from ▁Asian ▁Para ▁Games ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Official ▁Website . ▁ ▁Medal ists ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Singles ▁T P B 1 ▁December ▁ 1 4 ▁ ▁Singles ▁T P B 2 ▁December ▁ 1 4 ▁ ▁Singles ▁T P B 3 ▁December ▁ 1 4 ▁ ▁Singles ▁T P B 8 ▁December ▁ 1 5 ▁ ▁Singles ▁T P B 9 ▁December ▁ 1 5 ▁ ▁Singles ▁T P B 1 0 ▁December ▁ 1 5 ▁ ▁Dou bles ▁T P B 1 + TP B 3 ▁December ▁ 1 6 ▁ ▁Dou bles ▁T P B 2 + TP B 2 ▁December ▁ 1 6 ▁ ▁Dou bles ▁T P B 8 + TP B 1 0 ▁December ▁ 1 6 ▁ ▁Dou bles ▁T P B 9 + TP B 9 ▁December ▁ 1 6 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁Asian ▁Para ▁Games ▁events ▁Asian ▁Para ▁Games ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Asian ▁Para ▁Games ▁Category : B ow ling ▁at ▁the ▁Asian ▁Para ▁Games <0x0A> </s> |
▁The ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Harvard ▁C rim son ▁football ▁team ▁represented ▁Harvard ▁University ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁FC S ▁football ▁season ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁I vy ▁League . ▁They ▁were ▁led ▁by ▁ 2 6 th - year ▁head ▁coach ▁Tim ▁Mur phy ▁and ▁played ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁at ▁Harvard ▁Stadium . ▁They ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁ 4 – 6 ▁overall ▁and ▁ 2 – 5 ▁in ▁I vy ▁League ▁play ▁to ▁tie ▁for ▁sixth ▁place . ▁ ▁Pre vious ▁season ▁The ▁C rim son ▁finished ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁season ▁ 6 – 4 , ▁ 4 – 3 ▁in ▁I vy ▁League ▁play ▁to ▁finish ▁in ▁third ▁place . ▁ ▁Pres e ason ▁ ▁Pres e ason ▁media ▁poll ▁The ▁I vy ▁League ▁released ▁their ▁pr ese ason ▁media ▁poll ▁on ▁August ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁The ▁C rim son ▁were ▁picked ▁to ▁finish ▁in ▁fourth ▁place . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁Game ▁summar ies ▁ ▁at ▁San ▁Diego ▁ ▁Brown ▁ ▁Howard ▁ ▁Corn ell ▁ ▁at ▁Holy ▁Cross ▁ ▁at ▁Pr inc eton ▁ ▁D art mouth ▁ ▁at ▁Columbia ▁ ▁P enn ▁ ▁at ▁Y ale ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Harvard ▁Category : Har vard ▁C rim son ▁football ▁seasons ▁Harvard ▁Football <0x0A> </s> ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup , ▁Brazil ▁participated ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁event . ▁The ▁country ▁remained ▁as |
▁the ▁only ▁national ▁team ▁to ▁have ▁participated ▁in ▁every ▁install ment ▁of ▁the ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup . ▁Brazil ▁won ▁all ▁seven ▁matches ▁they ▁played , ▁ach ieving ▁the ▁highest ▁number ▁of ▁matches ▁won ▁by ▁a ▁team ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁tournament ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup . ▁Brazil ▁reached ▁the ▁final ▁where ▁they ▁defeated ▁Germany ▁ 2 – 0 . ▁ ▁Squad ▁Head ▁coach : ▁Lu iz ▁F eli pe ▁S col ari ▁ ▁Brazil ▁vs ▁Turkey ▁ ▁Brazil ▁vs ▁China ▁PR ▁ ▁Costa ▁Rica ▁vs ▁Brazil ▁ ▁Brazil ▁vs ▁Belg ium ▁ ▁England ▁vs ▁Brazil ▁ ▁Brazil ▁vs ▁Turkey ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Count ries ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup <0x0A> </s> ▁Da ' ▁T ara ▁( fo aled ▁April ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁thorough bre d ▁race hor se ▁who ▁won ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Bel mont ▁St akes ▁in ▁an ▁ups et ▁over ▁Big ▁Brown . ▁ ▁Da ' ▁T ara ▁was ▁a ▁ 3 8 - 1 ▁under dog ▁entering ▁the ▁post ▁at ▁Bel mont . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁trained ▁by ▁Nick ▁Z ito , ▁his ▁j ockey ▁is ▁Alan ▁Gar cia , ▁and ▁his ▁s ire ▁is ▁T iz now . ▁ ▁Two - Year - Old ▁Season ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁first ▁race , ▁a ▁ 7 - f url ong ▁ma iden ▁event ▁on ▁the ▁main ▁track ▁at ▁Bel mont ▁Park , ▁Da ' ▁T ara |
▁lost ▁to ▁his ▁stable mate , ▁An ak ▁Nak al , ▁by ▁a ▁length , ▁finishing ▁second ▁and ▁be ating ▁the ▁third ▁place ▁horse ▁by ▁a ▁nose . ▁ ▁Alan ▁Gar cia , ▁who ▁rode ▁Da ' ▁T ara ▁to ▁victory ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Bel mont ▁St akes , ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁j ockey ▁that ▁day . ▁ ▁The ▁col t ▁failed ▁to ▁break ▁his ▁ma iden ▁as ▁a ▁two - year - old , ▁finishing ▁fourth ▁in ▁a ▁Cal der ▁ma iden ▁race ▁in ▁December . ▁ ▁Three - Year - Old ▁Season ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Da ' ▁T ara ▁led ▁all ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁nine - f url ong ▁ma iden ▁race ▁at ▁G ulf stream . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁entered ▁in ▁an ▁allow ance ▁race ▁shortly ▁after ▁and ▁finished ▁third , ▁be aten ▁by ▁more ▁than ▁four ▁lengths ▁after ▁du eling ▁on ▁the ▁lead . ▁Al ready ▁based ▁at ▁G ulf stream ▁Park , ▁tra iner ▁Nick ▁Z ito ▁decided ▁to ▁enter ▁Da ' ▁T ara ▁in ▁the ▁Gra de ▁ 1 ▁Florida ▁Derby . ▁ ▁The ▁other ▁entries ▁included ▁Z ito ' s ▁F ount ain ▁of ▁Youth ▁winner ▁C ool ▁Co al ▁Man , ▁South ▁American ▁Champion ▁Tom cito , ▁and ▁Big ▁Brown , ▁who ▁had ▁won ▁both ▁of ▁his ▁two ▁previous ▁starts . ▁ ▁Da ' ▁T ara ▁finished ▁ 9 th : ▁ 2 3 ½ ▁lengths ▁behind ▁the ▁winner , ▁Big ▁Brown . |
▁ ▁Da ' ▁T ara ▁ran ▁in ▁the ▁Derby ▁Tri al , ▁ ▁finishing ▁fifth . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Bar bar o ▁St akes , ▁at ▁ 8 . 5 ▁f url ongs , ▁he ▁finished ▁second ▁behind ▁Roman ▁Emperor . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁June ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Bel mont ▁St akes , ▁Da ' ▁T ara , ▁the ▁longest ▁shot ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁at ▁ 3 8 - 1 ▁odd s , ▁moved ▁swift ly ▁to ▁the ▁lead ▁under ▁Alan ▁Gar cia ▁and ▁led ▁wire ▁to ▁wire , ▁winning ▁by ▁ 5 . 2 5 ▁lengths ▁over ▁Dennis ▁of ▁C ork , ▁with ▁An ak ▁Nak al ▁and ▁Re ady ' s ▁E cho ▁dead - he ating ▁for ▁third ▁another ▁three ▁lengths ▁in ▁ar re ars . ▁Pre viously ▁und efe ated ▁and ▁heavy ▁favorite ▁Big ▁Brown ▁pulled ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁race ▁in ▁his ▁attempt ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Tri ple ▁Crown . ▁Da ' ▁T ara ▁($ 7 9 ) ▁ran ▁the ▁ 1 ▁ 1 / 2 ▁miles ▁in ▁the ▁relatively ▁slow ▁time ▁ ▁of ▁ 2 : 2 9 . 6 5 ▁on ▁a ▁d irt ▁track ▁r ated ▁fast ▁( with ▁quarter - mile ▁fra ctions ▁of ▁ 2 3 . 8 2 ▁seconds , ▁ 4 8 . 3 0 , ▁ 1 : 1 2 . 9 0 , ▁ 1 : 3 7 . 9 6 , ▁and ▁ 2 : 0 3 . 2 1 ). ▁ ▁By |
▁winning ▁the ▁Bel mont ▁St akes ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Da ' ▁T ara ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁horse ▁since ▁Am ber oid ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁to ▁have ▁won ▁a ▁leg ▁of ▁the ▁Tri ple ▁Crown ▁and ▁not ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁s ire ▁line ▁of ▁Dar ley ▁Arab ian . ▁ ▁Da ' ▁T ara ▁did ▁not ▁win ▁another ▁race ▁after ▁the ▁Bel mont ▁St akes . ▁He ▁was ▁sold ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁at ▁the ▁Ke en eland ▁stock ▁sale ▁in ▁Lex ington ▁for ▁$ 1 8 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁Fo ye ▁Gen et ics . ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁he ▁was ▁put ▁back ▁into ▁training ▁in ▁Florida , ▁but ▁never ▁started ▁in ▁a ▁race . ▁In ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Da ' ▁T ara ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁Los ▁Agu ac ates ▁Stud , ▁where ▁he ▁initially ▁stood ▁in ▁O cala , ▁Florida , ▁and ▁was ▁re located ▁to ▁Car ab ob o , ▁Venezuela , ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁▁ ▁Da ' ▁T ara ' s ▁pedig ree ▁and ▁partial ▁racing ▁stats ▁ ▁Video ▁www . nt ra . com , ▁Video , ▁Bel mont ▁S . ▁- ▁June ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁race hor se ▁birth s ▁Category : Bel mont ▁St akes ▁w inners ▁Category : R ace h ors es ▁b red ▁in |
▁Kentucky ▁Category : R ace h ors es ▁trained ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Th or ough bre d ▁family ▁ 5 - i ▁Category : G od olph in ▁Arab ian ▁s ire ▁line <0x0A> </s> ▁York rak ine ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁town ▁in ▁the ▁Whe at b elt ▁region ▁of ▁Western ▁Australia ; ▁it ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Sh ire ▁of ▁Tam min , ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁capital , ▁Per th . ▁At ▁the ▁, ▁York rak ine ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 1 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁local ity ▁was ▁once ▁home ▁to ▁a ▁school ▁and ▁general ▁store ▁but ▁decl ining ▁population ▁and ▁improved ▁transport ▁links ▁have ▁seen ▁them ▁both ▁close . ▁The ▁Agricult ural ▁Hall ▁( built ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 ) ▁continues ▁to ▁host ▁community ▁functions . ▁ ▁Major ▁land marks ▁include ▁York rak ine ▁Rock , ▁a ▁large ▁gran ite ▁rock ▁located ▁on ▁York rak ine ▁Rock ▁Reserve ▁on ▁the ▁Tam min W y alk atch em ▁Road , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁popular ▁spot ▁for ▁pic n ics ▁and ▁bush ▁walking . ▁The ▁rock ▁is ▁ ▁in ▁height ▁and ▁occup ies ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁. ▁The ▁base ▁of ▁the ▁rock ▁is ▁good ▁habitat ▁for ▁fl ora ▁and ▁fa una ▁and ▁is ▁surrounded ▁by ▁York ▁g um ▁and ▁jam ▁wood lands . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁York rak ine ▁Rock ▁P ools ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁five ▁sites ▁in ▁the ▁Av on - W he at b elt ▁area ▁recogn ised ▁as ▁a |
▁DI WA ▁wet land . ▁ ▁The ▁West ▁York rak ine ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁remaining ▁sport ▁team ▁from ▁the ▁area ▁and ▁plays ▁in ▁the ▁Wy alk atch em ▁Cr icket ▁Association . ▁ ▁The ▁area ▁was ▁first ▁settled ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁farm ▁settlement ▁scheme ▁inst ig ated ▁by ▁the ▁Minister ▁for ▁Land s ▁and ▁Agricult ure , ▁James ▁Mitchell . ▁ ▁The ▁surrounding ▁areas ▁produce ▁whe at ▁and ▁other ▁c ere al ▁cro ps . ▁The ▁town ▁is ▁a ▁rece ival ▁site ▁for ▁Cooper ative ▁Bul k ▁Hand ling . ▁ ▁A ▁bi ological ▁survey ▁of ▁the ▁area ▁was ▁conducted ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : T own s ▁in ▁Western ▁Australia ▁Category : W he at b elt ▁( West ern ▁Australia ) ▁Category : G rain ▁rece ival ▁points ▁of ▁Western ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Polish ▁Mar athon ▁( Pol ish : Mar aton ▁polski ) ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁Polish ▁silent ▁drama ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Wik tor ▁B ie ga ński ▁and ▁st arring ▁Mie cz ys ław ▁Cy bul ski , ▁W anda ▁Sm os ar ska ▁and ▁Jer zy ▁Kob usz . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Mie cz ys ław ▁Cy bul ski ▁as ▁Jan ek ▁▁ ▁W anda ▁Sm os ar ska ▁as ▁N arz ecz ona ▁J anka ▁▁ ▁Jer zy ▁Kob usz ▁as ▁Fil ipe k ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁S ka |
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