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. ▁ ▁E valu ation ▁of ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁P BL ▁learning ▁in ▁comparison ▁to ▁traditional ▁instruction al ▁learning ▁have ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁challenge . ▁ ▁Vari ous ▁factors ▁can ▁influence ▁the ▁implementation ▁of ▁P BL : ▁extent ▁of ▁P BL ▁incorpor ation ▁into ▁curr icul um , ▁group ▁dynamics , ▁nature ▁of ▁problems ▁used , ▁facil it ator ▁influence ▁on ▁group , ▁and ▁the ▁motiv ation ▁of ▁the ▁learn ers . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁also ▁various ▁out comes ▁of ▁P BL ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁measured ▁including ▁knowledge ▁ac quisition ▁and ▁clin ical ▁compet ence . ▁ ▁Add itional ▁studies ▁are ▁needed ▁to ▁investigate ▁all ▁the ▁variables ▁and ▁techn ological ▁sc aff olds , ▁that ▁may ▁impact ▁the ▁effic acy ▁of ▁P BL . ▁ ▁Dem ands ▁of ▁implementing ▁ ▁Im plement ing ▁P BL ▁in ▁schools ▁and ▁Univers ities ▁is ▁a ▁demand ing ▁process ▁that ▁requires ▁resources , ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁planning ▁and ▁organization . ▁A zer ▁discuss es ▁the ▁ 1 2 ▁steps ▁for ▁implementing ▁the ▁" p ure ▁P BL " ▁P rep are ▁fac ulty ▁for ▁change ▁Est ab lish ▁a ▁new ▁curr icul um ▁committee ▁and ▁working ▁group ▁Design ing ▁the ▁new ▁P BL ▁curr icul um ▁and ▁defining ▁educational ▁out comes ▁Se ek ing ▁Ad vice ▁from ▁Exper ts ▁in ▁P BL ▁Pl anning , ▁Organ izing ▁and ▁Man aging ▁Training ▁P BL ▁facil it ators ▁and ▁defining ▁the ▁object ives ▁of ▁a ▁facil it ator ▁Int rodu cing ▁Stud ents ▁to ▁the ▁P BL ▁Program
▁Using ▁ 3 - learning ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁delivery ▁of ▁the ▁P BL ▁program ▁Ch anging ▁the ▁assess ment ▁to ▁suit ▁the ▁P BL ▁curr icul um ▁Enc ou rag ing ▁feedback ▁from ▁students ▁and ▁teaching ▁staff ▁Man aging ▁learning ▁resources ▁and ▁facilities ▁that ▁support ▁self - direct ed ▁learning ▁Cont inu ing ▁evaluation ▁and ▁making ▁changes ▁( pg . ▁ 8 0 9 - 8 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Con struct iv ism ▁Problem - based ▁learning ▁addresses ▁the ▁need ▁to ▁promote ▁lif el ong ▁learning ▁through ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁inqu iry ▁and ▁construct iv ist ▁learning . ▁P BL ▁is ▁considered ▁a ▁construct iv ist ▁approach ▁to ▁instruction ▁because ▁it ▁emphas izes ▁collabor ative ▁and ▁self - direct ed ▁learning ▁while ▁being ▁supported ▁by ▁t utor ▁facil itation . ▁Y ew ▁and ▁Schmidt , ▁Schmidt , ▁and ▁Hung ▁elaborate ▁on ▁the ▁cogn itive ▁construct iv ist ▁process ▁of ▁P BL : ▁Lear ners ▁are ▁presented ▁with ▁a ▁problem ▁and ▁through ▁discussion ▁within ▁their ▁group , ▁activ ate ▁their ▁prior ▁knowledge . ▁Within ▁their ▁group , ▁they ▁develop ▁possible ▁theories ▁or ▁hypoth eses ▁to ▁explain ▁the ▁problem . ▁T ogether ▁they ▁identify ▁learning ▁issues ▁to ▁be ▁research ed . ▁They ▁construct ▁a ▁shared ▁primary ▁model ▁to ▁explain ▁the ▁problem ▁at ▁hand . ▁Fac il it ators ▁provide ▁sc aff old ing , ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁framework ▁on ▁which ▁students ▁can ▁construct ▁knowledge ▁rel ating ▁to ▁the ▁problem . ▁After ▁the ▁initial ▁team work , ▁students ▁work ▁independently ▁in ▁self - direct ed
▁study ▁to ▁research ▁the ▁identified ▁issues . ▁The ▁students ▁re - group ▁to ▁discuss ▁their ▁find ings ▁and ▁ref ine ▁their ▁initial ▁explan ations ▁based ▁on ▁what ▁they ▁learned . ▁▁ ▁P BL ▁follows ▁a ▁construct iv ist ▁perspective ▁in ▁learning ▁as ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁the ▁instruct or ▁is ▁to ▁guide ▁and ▁challenge ▁the ▁learning ▁process ▁rather ▁than ▁strictly ▁providing ▁knowledge . ▁From ▁this ▁perspective , ▁feedback ▁and ▁reflection ▁on ▁the ▁learning ▁process ▁and ▁group ▁dynamics ▁are ▁essential ▁components ▁of ▁P BL . ▁Stud ents ▁are ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁active ▁agents ▁who ▁eng age ▁in ▁social ▁knowledge ▁construction . ▁P BL ▁ass ists ▁in ▁processes ▁of ▁creating ▁meaning ▁and ▁building ▁personal ▁interpret ations ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁based ▁on ▁experiences ▁and ▁interactions . ▁P BL ▁ass ists ▁to ▁guide ▁the ▁student ▁from ▁theory ▁to ▁practice ▁during ▁their ▁journey ▁through ▁solving ▁the ▁problem . ▁ ▁Support ing ▁evidence ▁Several ▁studies ▁support ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁the ▁construct iv ist ▁problem - based ▁and ▁inqu iry ▁learning ▁methods . ▁One ▁example ▁is ▁a ▁study ▁on ▁a ▁project ▁called ▁Gen Scope , ▁an ▁inqu iry - based ▁science ▁software ▁application , ▁which ▁found ▁that ▁students ▁using ▁the ▁Gen Scope ▁software ▁showed ▁significant ▁g ains ▁over ▁the ▁control ▁groups , ▁with ▁the ▁largest ▁g ains ▁shown ▁in ▁students ▁from ▁basic ▁courses . ▁ ▁One ▁large ▁study ▁track ed ▁middle ▁school ▁students ' ▁performance ▁on ▁high - st akes ▁standard ized ▁tests ▁to ▁evaluate ▁the ▁effect iveness ▁of ▁inqu iry - based ▁science . ▁The ▁study ▁found ▁a ▁ 1
4 ▁percent ▁improvement ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁coh ort ▁of ▁students ▁and ▁a ▁ 1 3 ▁percent ▁improvement ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁coh ort . ▁The ▁study ▁also ▁found ▁that ▁inqu iry - based ▁teaching ▁methods ▁greatly ▁reduced ▁the ▁achiev ement ▁gap ▁for ▁African - American ▁students . ▁ ▁A ▁system atic ▁review ▁of ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁in ▁medical ▁school ▁on ▁the ▁performance ▁of ▁do ctors ▁after ▁gradu ation ▁showed ▁clear ▁positive ▁effects ▁on ▁phys ician ▁compet ence . ▁This ▁effect ▁was ▁especially ▁strong ▁for ▁social ▁and ▁cogn itive ▁compet encies ▁such ▁as ▁cop ing ▁with ▁uncertainty ▁and ▁communication ▁skills . ▁ ▁Another ▁study ▁from ▁Sloven ia ▁looked ▁at ▁whether ▁students ▁who ▁learn ▁with ▁P BL ▁are ▁better ▁at ▁solving ▁problems ▁and ▁if ▁their ▁att itudes ▁towards ▁mathematics ▁were ▁improved ▁compared ▁to ▁their ▁pe ers ▁in ▁a ▁more ▁traditional ▁curr icul um . ▁ ▁The ▁study ▁found ▁that ▁students ▁who ▁were ▁exposed ▁to ▁P BL ▁were ▁better ▁at ▁solving ▁more ▁difficult ▁problems ; ▁however , ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁significant ▁difference ▁in ▁student ▁attitude ▁towards ▁mathematics . ▁ ▁Ex amples ▁in ▁curr ic ula ▁ ▁Malays ia ▁and ▁Singapore ▁In ▁Malays ia , ▁an ▁attempt ▁was ▁made ▁to ▁introduce ▁a ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁model ▁in ▁secondary ▁mathematics , ▁with ▁the ▁aim ▁of ▁educ ating ▁citizens ▁to ▁prepare ▁them ▁for ▁decision - making ▁in ▁sust ain able ▁and ▁responsible ▁development . ▁ ▁This ▁model ▁called ▁Problem - B ased ▁Learning ▁the ▁Four ▁Core ▁Are as ▁( P BL 4 C ) ▁first
▁spr out ed ▁in ▁SE AME O ▁RE CS AM ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁training ▁courses ▁conducted , ▁a ▁paper ▁was ▁presented ▁at ▁the ▁E AR CO ME 5 ▁conference ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁followed ▁by ▁two ▁papers ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁UN ES CO - AP E ID ▁conference ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁▁ ▁In ▁Singapore , ▁the ▁most ▁notable ▁example ▁of ▁adopt ing ▁P BL ▁ped ag ogy ▁in ▁curr icul um ▁is ▁Republic ▁Poly techn ic , ▁the ▁first ▁poly techn ic ▁in ▁Singapore ▁to ▁fully ▁adopt ▁P BL ▁across ▁all ▁di pl oma ▁courses . ▁ ▁Medical ▁schools ▁Several ▁medical ▁schools ▁have ▁incorpor ated ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁into ▁their ▁curr ic ula ▁following ▁the ▁lead ▁of ▁Mc Master ▁University ▁Medical ▁School , ▁using ▁real ▁patient ▁cases ▁to ▁teach ▁students ▁how ▁to ▁think ▁like ▁a ▁clin ician . ▁More ▁than ▁eight y ▁percent ▁of ▁medical ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁now ▁have ▁some ▁form ▁of ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁in ▁their ▁programs . ▁Research ▁of ▁ 1 0 ▁years ▁of ▁data ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Missouri ▁School ▁of ▁Medicine ▁indicates ▁that ▁P BL ▁has ▁a ▁positive ▁effect ▁on ▁the ▁students ' ▁compet ency ▁as ▁phys icians ▁after ▁gradu ation . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁Western ▁University ▁of ▁Health ▁Sciences ▁opened ▁its ▁College ▁of ▁V eter inary ▁Medicine , ▁with ▁curr icul um ▁based ▁completely ▁on ▁P BL . ▁
▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁U C ▁Ber keley ▁– ▁U CS F ▁J oint ▁Medical ▁Program ▁( J MP ), ▁an ▁acc red ited ▁five ▁year ▁Master ▁of ▁Science / Med ical ▁Doctor ate ▁Program ▁hous ed ▁at ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁Ber keley ▁School ▁of ▁Public ▁Health , ▁began ▁offering ▁a ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁case ▁based ▁curr icul um ▁to ▁their ▁students ▁in ▁their ▁pre - cl erk ship ▁years . ▁The ▁curr icul um ▁integr ates ▁the ▁basic ▁and ▁pre cl in ical ▁sciences ▁while ▁fost ering ▁an ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁bi ological , ▁social , ▁and ▁moral ▁context s ▁of ▁human ▁health ▁and ▁disease . ▁The ▁students ▁spend ▁their ▁last ▁two ▁cl erk ship ▁years ▁at ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁San ▁Francisco . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁G adj ah ▁M ada ▁University ▁of ▁Y ogy ak arta , ▁Indones ia ▁began ▁offering ▁an ▁International ▁Medicine ▁program ▁based ▁on ▁problem - based ▁learning . ▁ ▁E colog ical ▁econom ics ▁The ▁trans dis cipl inary ▁field ▁of ▁e colog ical ▁econom ics ▁has ▁emb rac ed ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁as ▁a ▁core ▁ped ag ogy . ▁A ▁work book ▁developed ▁by ▁Josh ua ▁Far ley , ▁Jon ▁Er ick son , ▁and ▁H erman ▁Dal y ▁organ izes ▁the ▁problem - sol ving ▁process ▁into ▁( 1 ) ▁building ▁the ▁problem ▁base , ▁( 2 ) ▁analyz ing ▁the ▁problem , ▁( 3 ) ▁synth es izing ▁the ▁find ings
, ▁and ▁( 4 ) ▁communic ating ▁the ▁results . ▁Building ▁the ▁problem ▁base ▁includes ▁choosing , ▁defining , ▁and ▁struct uring ▁an ▁e colog ical ▁economic ▁problem . ▁ ▁Analysis ▁is ▁breaking ▁down ▁of ▁a ▁problem ▁into ▁understand able ▁components . ▁ ▁Syn thesis ▁is ▁the ▁re - integration ▁of ▁the ▁parts ▁in ▁a ▁way ▁that ▁helps ▁better ▁understand ▁the ▁whole . ▁ ▁Communic ation ▁is ▁the ▁translation ▁of ▁results ▁into ▁a ▁form ▁relevant ▁to ▁st ake hold ers , ▁broad ly ▁defined ▁as ▁the ▁extended ▁peer ▁community . ▁ ▁Other ▁out comes ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁a ims ▁of ▁P BL ▁is ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁self - direct ed ▁learning ▁( SD L ) ▁skills . ▁In ▁Lo y ens , ▁Mag da ▁& ▁R ik ers ' ▁discussion , ▁SD L ▁is ▁defined ▁as ▁" a ▁process ▁in ▁which ▁individuals ▁take ▁the ▁initi ative ... in ▁diagn osing ▁their ▁learning ▁needs , ▁form ulating ▁goals , ▁ident ifying ▁human ▁and ▁material ▁resources , ▁choosing ▁and ▁implementing ▁appropriate ▁learning ▁strateg ies , ▁and ▁evalu ating ▁learning ▁out comes ". ▁ ▁By ▁being ▁invited ▁into ▁the ▁learning ▁process , ▁students ▁are ▁also ▁invited ▁to ▁take ▁responsibility ▁for ▁their ▁learning , ▁which ▁leads ▁to ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁self - direct ed ▁learning ▁skills . ▁In ▁Sever iens ▁and ▁Schmidt ' s ▁study ▁of ▁ 3 0 5 ▁first ▁year ▁college ▁students , ▁they ▁found ▁that ▁P BL ▁and ▁its ▁focus ▁on ▁SD L ▁led ▁to ▁motiv ation ▁for ▁students ▁to ▁maintain ▁study ▁pace ,
▁led ▁to ▁social ▁and ▁academic ▁integration , ▁encourag ed ▁development ▁of ▁cogn itive ▁skills , ▁and ▁fost ered ▁more ▁study ▁progress ▁than ▁students ▁in ▁a ▁conventional ▁learning ▁setting . ▁ ▁P BL ▁encourag es ▁learn ers ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁academic ▁world ▁through ▁inqu iring ▁and ▁discovery ▁that ▁is ▁central ▁to ▁problem - based ▁learning . ▁ ▁P BL ▁is ▁also ▁argued ▁as ▁a ▁learning ▁method ▁that ▁can ▁promote ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁critical ▁thinking ▁skills . ▁In ▁P BL ▁learning , ▁students ▁learn ▁how ▁to ▁analyze ▁a ▁problem , ▁identify ▁relevant ▁facts ▁and ▁generate ▁hypoth eses , ▁identify ▁necessary ▁information / know ledge ▁for ▁solving ▁the ▁problem ▁and ▁make ▁reasonable ▁jud g ments ▁about ▁solving ▁the ▁problem . ▁ ▁Emp loy ers ▁have ▁appreciated ▁the ▁positive ▁attributes ▁of ▁communication , ▁team work , ▁respect ▁and ▁collaboration ▁that ▁P BL ▁experienced ▁students ▁have ▁developed . ▁ ▁These ▁skills ▁provide ▁for ▁better ▁future ▁skills ▁prepar ation ▁in ▁the ▁ever - ch anging ▁information ▁explos ion . ▁ ▁P BL ▁curr icul um ▁includes ▁building ▁these ▁attributes ▁through ▁knowledge ▁building , ▁written ▁and ▁inter person al ▁interactions ▁and ▁through ▁the ▁experience ▁of ▁the ▁problem ▁solving ▁process . ▁ ▁Computer - supported ▁collabor ative ▁learning ▁ ▁Computer - supported ▁P BL ▁can ▁be ▁an ▁electronic ▁version ▁( e P BL ) ▁of ▁the ▁traditional ▁face - to - face ▁paper - based ▁P BL ▁or ▁an ▁online ▁group ▁activity ▁with ▁participants ▁located ▁distant ▁apart . ▁e P BL ▁provides ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁embed ▁aud ios
▁and ▁videos , ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁ ▁skills ▁( e . g . ▁clin ical ▁find ings ) ▁within ▁the ▁case ▁scenarios ▁impro ving ▁learning ▁environment ▁and ▁thus ▁enh ance ▁students ’ ▁eng agement ▁in ▁the ▁learning ▁process . ▁Compar ing ▁face - to - face ▁setting ▁with ▁strict ▁online ▁P BL , ▁the ▁group ▁activities ▁play ▁the ▁key ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁the ▁social ▁interaction ▁in ▁P BL . ▁Online ▁P BL ▁is ▁also ▁seen ▁as ▁more ▁cost - effect ive . ▁Coll abor ative ▁P BL ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁improve ▁critical ▁thinking ▁scores ▁as ▁compared ▁with ▁individual ▁P BL , ▁and ▁increased ▁students ’ ▁achiev ement ▁levels ▁and ▁ret ention ▁scores . ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁instruct ors , ▁instruction al ▁design ▁principles ▁for ▁the ▁instruct ors ▁regarding ▁the ▁design ▁and ▁development ▁of ▁online ▁P BL ▁must ▁include ▁collabor ative ▁characteristics . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁sched uling ▁must ▁be ▁condu ci ve ▁to ▁collabor ative ▁activities . ▁Additionally , ▁instruct ors ▁should ▁ensure ▁that ▁the ▁problems ▁should ▁be ▁relevant ▁to ▁real - life ▁experiences , ▁and ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁solutions ▁and ▁problem ▁context s . ▁Furthermore , ▁a ▁sound ▁techn ological ▁infrastr ucture ▁is ▁param ount . ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁online ▁P BL ▁ ▁The ▁establishment ▁and ▁application ▁of ▁P BL ▁in ▁teaching ▁and ▁training ▁started ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁As ▁instruction al ▁technology ▁developed ▁over ▁time ▁couple d ▁with ▁the ▁emer gence ▁of ▁the ▁internet ▁in ▁the ▁mid - 1
9 9 0 s , ▁online ▁education ▁became ▁popular ▁gain ing ▁huge ▁attention ▁from ▁organizations ▁and ▁institutions . ▁However , ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁P BL ▁in ▁complete ▁online ▁education ▁does ▁not ▁seem ▁as ▁established ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁relatively ▁scar ce ▁references ▁available ▁in ▁the ▁literature . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Southern ▁Queensland ▁( US Q ) ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁few ▁fac ult ies ▁that ▁util ized ▁a ▁learning ▁management ▁system ▁( L MS ) ▁to ▁facil itate ▁collaboration ▁and ▁group ▁problem - sol ving . ▁The ▁result ▁showed ▁the ▁significant ▁impact ▁of ▁online ▁P BL ▁on ▁the ▁learning ▁out comes ▁of ▁students ▁in ▁many ▁aspects ▁including ▁en han cing ▁their ▁communication ▁skills , ▁problem - sol ving ▁skills ▁and ▁ability ▁to ▁work ▁as ▁a ▁team . ▁The ▁most ▁successful ▁feature ▁of ▁the ▁L MS ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁user ▁rate ▁was ▁the ▁discussion ▁bo ards ▁where ▁asynchronous ▁communic ations ▁took ▁place . ▁Technology ▁has ▁advanced ▁for ▁another ▁de cade ▁since ▁then ▁and ▁it ▁should ▁help ▁us ▁take ▁online ▁P BL ▁to ▁a ▁greater ▁height ▁as ▁many ▁more ▁activities ▁such ▁as ▁synchron ous ▁online ▁meet ings ▁have ▁been ▁made ▁readily ▁available ▁today ▁on ▁numerous ▁platforms . ▁The ▁key ▁focus ▁here ▁is ▁to ▁examine ▁how ▁technology ▁can ▁further ▁facil itate ▁the ▁effective ▁use ▁of ▁P BL ▁online ▁by ▁zoom ing ▁into ▁the ▁lear ner ▁needs ▁in ▁each ▁phase ▁of ▁P BL . ▁ ▁Tools ▁ ▁Coll abor ative ▁tools ▁ ▁The ▁first , ▁and ▁possibly ▁most ▁cru cial
▁phase ▁in ▁P BL , ▁is ▁to ▁identify ▁the ▁problem . ▁Before ▁learn ers ▁can ▁begin ▁to ▁solve ▁a ▁problem , ▁all ▁members ▁must ▁understand ▁and ▁agree ▁on ▁the ▁details ▁of ▁the ▁problem . ▁This ▁cons ensus ▁forms ▁through ▁collaboration ▁and ▁discussion . ▁With ▁online ▁learning ▁on ▁the ▁rise , ▁it ▁is ▁important ▁that ▁learn ers ▁can ▁eng age ▁in ▁collabor ative ▁bra inst orm ing ▁and ▁research ▁through ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁technology . ▁Technology ▁allows ▁for ▁groups ▁to ▁collabor ate ▁synchron ously ▁or ▁as ynchron ously ▁from ▁anywhere ▁in ▁the ▁world ; ▁sched ules ▁and ▁ge ography ▁no ▁longer ▁prevent ▁collaboration ▁in ▁P BL . ▁Today , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁ple th ora ▁of ▁tools ▁available ▁to ▁promote ▁group ▁collaboration ▁online , ▁each ▁with ▁unique ▁strength s ▁and ▁limitations . ▁Learning ▁management ▁systems ▁and ▁cloud - based ▁solutions ▁are ▁the ▁two ▁most ▁popular ▁and ▁accessible ▁techn ological ▁solution ▁for ▁online ▁collaboration . ▁Learning ▁management ▁systems , ▁such ▁as ▁Can vas , ▁Ed mod o , ▁M ood le , ▁Sch o ology , ▁and ▁its learning , ▁provide ▁schools ▁and ▁class rooms ▁collabor ative ▁tools ▁to ▁support ▁synchron ous ▁and ▁asynchronous ▁communication ▁and ▁learning . ▁▁ ▁The ▁learning ▁management ▁systems ▁( L MS ) ▁allow ▁for ▁super vision ▁and ▁support ▁by ▁the ▁course ▁administrator ▁or ▁professor . ▁One ▁limitation ▁of ▁these ▁systems ▁is ▁their ▁avail ability ; ▁most ▁L MS ▁are ▁restricted ▁by ▁course ▁en roll ment . ▁Stud ents ▁must ▁be ▁en rolled ▁in ▁a ▁particular ▁course ▁or ▁sub scribe ▁to
▁a ▁specific ▁class ▁to ▁gain ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁tools ▁and ▁content ▁stored ▁in ▁the ▁system . ▁Cloud - based ▁solutions ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁such ▁as ▁Google ▁App s , ▁One Note , ▁and ▁the ▁Office ▁ 3 6 5 ▁suit ▁offer ▁collabor ative ▁tools ▁outside ▁the ▁traditional ▁education ▁setting . ▁Edu c ators ▁of ▁all ▁kinds ▁( K - 1 2 ▁schools , ▁colleg es , ▁and ▁univers ities , ▁voc ational ▁training , ▁H R ▁training ▁teams , ▁etc .) ▁can ▁access ▁these ▁cloud - based ▁solutions ▁and ▁collabor ate ▁with ▁anyone ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁by ▁simply ▁sharing ▁a ▁link . ▁These ▁tools ▁range ▁in ▁avail ability ▁from ▁free ▁with ▁an ▁email ▁account ▁to ▁subscription ▁costs ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁suit ▁purchased . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁potential ▁financial ▁limitations , ▁these ▁cloud - based ▁systems ▁are ▁always ▁as ▁secure ▁or ▁private ▁as ▁an ▁L MS ▁that ▁requires ▁course ▁en roll ment . ▁Both ▁L MS ▁and ▁cloud - based ▁solutions ▁present ▁learn ers ▁with ▁opportun ities ▁to ▁collabor ate ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁ways ▁while ▁bra inst orm ing ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁the ▁problem ▁and ▁developing ▁a ▁plan ▁for ▁research ▁and ▁future ▁collaboration . ▁ ▁Research ▁tools ▁ ▁Once ▁the ▁problem ▁has ▁been ▁identified , ▁learn ers ▁move ▁into ▁the ▁second ▁step ▁of ▁P BL : ▁the ▁information ▁gather ing ▁phase . ▁In ▁this ▁phase , ▁learn ers ▁research ▁the ▁problem ▁by ▁gather ing ▁background ▁information ▁and ▁research ing ▁potential ▁solutions . ▁This ▁information ▁is ▁shared ▁with ▁the ▁learning ▁team ▁and
▁used ▁to ▁generate ▁potential ▁solutions , ▁each ▁with ▁supporting ▁evidence . ▁The ▁most ▁popular ▁online ▁tool ▁for ▁gather ing ▁information ▁today ▁is ▁Google , ▁but ▁there ▁are ▁many ▁other ▁search - eng ines ▁available ▁online . ▁Free ▁search ▁engines , ▁such ▁as ▁Google , ▁Y ahoo , ▁or ▁B ing , ▁offer ▁access ▁to ▁seem ingly ▁count less ▁links ▁to ▁information . ▁While ▁these ▁research ▁tools ▁provide ▁am ple ▁sources ▁of ▁potential ▁information , ▁the ▁quantity ▁can ▁be ▁over wh el ming . ▁It ▁also ▁becomes ▁difficult ▁to ▁identify ▁quality ▁sources ▁without ▁adding ▁filters ▁and ▁higher - level ▁search ▁strateg ies ▁when ▁using ▁these ▁broad ▁search - eng ines . ▁L ibr aries ▁are ▁a ▁more ▁select ive ▁option ▁and ▁often ▁offer ▁online - datab ases , ▁but ▁typically ▁require ▁an ▁account ▁or ▁subscription ▁for ▁online ▁access ▁to ▁articles ▁and ▁books . ▁Wol fram alpha . com ▁is ▁a ▁smart ▁search - engine ▁with ▁both ▁free ▁and ▁subscription ▁level ▁access ▁options . ▁Wol fram ▁claims ▁to ▁be ▁more ▁than ▁a ▁platform ▁for ▁searching ▁the ▁web , ▁rather , ▁" getting ▁knowledge ▁and ▁answers ... ▁by ▁doing ▁dynamic ▁comput ations ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁vast ▁collection ▁of ▁built - in ▁data , ▁algorithms , ▁and ▁methods ." ▁ ▁Pres entation ▁tools ▁ ▁The ▁third ▁most ▁important ▁phase ▁of ▁P BL ▁is ▁resol ving ▁the ▁problem , ▁the ▁critical ▁task ▁is ▁present ing ▁and ▁def ending ▁your ▁solution ▁to ▁the ▁given ▁problem . ▁Stud ents ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁state ▁the ▁problem ▁clearly , ▁describe
▁the ▁process ▁of ▁problem - sol ving ▁considering ▁different ▁options ▁to ▁overcome ▁difficulties , ▁support ▁the ▁solution ▁using ▁relevant ▁information ▁and ▁data ▁analysis . ▁Being ▁able ▁to ▁communicate ▁and ▁present ▁the ▁solution ▁clearly ▁is ▁the ▁key ▁to ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁this ▁phase ▁as ▁it ▁directly ▁affect s ▁the ▁learning ▁out comes . ▁With ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁technology , ▁presentation ▁has ▁been ▁made ▁much ▁easier ▁and ▁more ▁effective ▁as ▁it ▁can ▁incorpor ate ▁visual ▁a ids ▁of ▁charts , ▁pictures , ▁videos , ▁anim ations , ▁simulations ▁etc . ▁Ide as ▁and ▁connections ▁between ▁ideas ▁can ▁be ▁clearly ▁demonstrated ▁using ▁different ▁tools . ▁Microsoft ▁Power Point ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Apple ▁Ke yn ote , ▁Pre zi , ▁and ▁Google ▁Sl ides ▁are ▁among ▁the ▁top - r ated ▁presentation ▁applications ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁These ▁popular ▁presentation ▁tools ▁have ▁their ▁distinct ive ▁features ▁and ▁advantages ▁over ▁one ▁another ▁and ▁can ▁be ▁summar ized ▁into ▁three ▁broad ▁types . ▁The ▁first ▁type ▁has ▁almost ▁everything ▁a ▁present er ▁needs , ▁r anging ▁from ▁tables , ▁charts , ▁picture ▁tools , ▁anim ations , ▁video ▁tools , ▁add ▁in ▁functions ▁and ▁so ▁forth . ▁Such ▁tools ▁can ▁replace ▁many ▁author ing ▁tools ▁as ▁more ▁complicated ▁functions ▁such ▁as ▁creating ▁simulations , ▁drag ▁and ▁drop ▁etc . ▁are ▁all ▁made ▁possible . ▁Hence , ▁the ▁presentation ▁can ▁be ▁made ▁highly ▁interactive , ▁eng aging ▁and ▁compatible ▁with ▁most ▁devices . ▁The ▁best ▁examples ▁are ▁Microsoft ▁Power Point ▁and ▁Apple ▁Ke
yn ote . ▁However , ▁one ▁draw back ▁is ▁that ▁such ▁tools ▁often ▁come ▁at ▁a ▁subscription ▁charge ▁and ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁installed ▁locally ▁on ▁devices . ▁Both ▁Power Point ▁and ▁Ke yn ote ▁point ▁more ▁towards ▁the ▁standard ▁form ▁of ▁slide ▁by ▁slide ▁present ations . ▁Pre zi ▁represents ▁the ▁second ▁major ▁type ▁of ▁tools ▁with ▁a ▁story t elling ▁style ▁and ▁less ▁traditional ▁or ▁struct ured ▁form ▁of ▁presentation ▁that ▁allows ▁one ▁to ▁zoom ▁in ▁and ▁out ▁of ▁any ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁screen . ▁These ▁tools ▁are ▁generally ▁web - based ▁and ▁have ▁collabor ative ▁functions ▁of ▁value - add ▁for ▁the ▁P BL ▁process . ▁Nevertheless , ▁this ▁type ▁of ▁tools ▁also ▁charge ▁subscription ▁fe es ▁based ▁on ▁privile ge ▁levels . ▁The ▁third ▁broad ▁type ▁of ▁tools ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁web - based ▁ones ▁free ▁of ▁charge ▁with ▁less ▁f anc iful ▁effects , ▁allowing ▁access ▁to ▁present ations ▁collabor atively ▁online ▁any time . ▁Google ▁Sl ides ▁is ▁such ▁an ▁option ▁which ▁is ▁easy ▁to ▁use . ▁Though ▁it ▁has ▁less ▁functions , ▁it ▁offers ▁the ▁convenience ▁of ▁being ▁available ▁any time ▁anywhere ▁on ▁any ▁online ▁device . ▁This ▁type ▁can ▁be ▁effective ▁when ▁students ▁have ▁limited ▁time ▁to ▁prepare ▁for ▁their ▁present ations ▁as ▁it ▁removes ▁many ▁technical ▁difficulties ▁such ▁as ▁arr anging ▁for ▁face - to - face ▁meet ings , ▁installing ▁the ▁presentation ▁tool ▁or ▁the ▁time ▁needed ▁to ▁learn ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁presentation . ▁Stud ents ▁can ▁spend ▁more ▁time ▁on ▁meaning ful ▁discuss
ions ▁about ▁their ▁problem ▁and ▁solution ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁presentation ▁itself . ▁ ▁P 5 BL ▁approach ▁▁ ▁P 5 BL ▁stands ▁for ▁People , ▁Problem , ▁Process , ▁Product ▁and ▁Project ▁Based ▁Learning . ▁ ▁The ▁P 5 BL ▁approach ▁was ▁a ▁learning ▁strategy ▁introduced ▁in ▁Stan ford ▁School ▁of ▁Engineering ▁in ▁their ▁P 5 BL ▁labor atory ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁as ▁an ▁initi ative ▁to ▁offer ▁their ▁gradu ate ▁students ▁from ▁the ▁engineering , ▁architecture ▁and ▁construction ▁discipl ines ▁to ▁implement ▁their ▁skills ▁in ▁a ▁" cross - dis cipl inary , ▁collabor ative ▁and ▁ge ograph ically ▁distributed ▁team work ▁experience ". ▁In ▁this ▁approach , ▁which ▁was ▁pione ered ▁by ▁Stan ford ▁Professor ▁F ru chter , ▁an ▁environment ▁across ▁six ▁univers ities ▁from ▁Europe , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Japan ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁tool kit ▁to ▁capture ▁and ▁share ▁project ▁knowledge ▁was ▁developed . ▁The ▁students ▁( people ) ▁from ▁the ▁three ▁discipl ines ▁were ▁assigned ▁a ▁team ▁project ▁that ▁works ▁on ▁solving ▁a ▁problem ▁and ▁deliver ing ▁an ▁end - product ▁to ▁a ▁client . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁stress ▁of ▁this ▁approach ▁is ▁to ▁have ▁an ▁inter - dis cipl inary ▁integrated ▁development ▁of ▁deliver ables , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁overall ▁compet ency ▁and ▁skills ▁of ▁the ▁students . ▁P 5 BL ▁ment oring ▁is ▁a ▁struct ured ▁activity ▁that ▁involves ▁situated ▁learning ▁and ▁construct iv ist ▁learning ▁strateg ies ▁to ▁fost er ▁the ▁culture ▁of ▁practice ▁that ▁would ▁extend ▁beyond ▁the
▁university ▁campus ▁to ▁real ▁life . ▁P 5 BL ▁is ▁all ▁about ▁encourag ing ▁teaching ▁and ▁learning ▁team work ▁in ▁the ▁information ▁age , ▁by ▁facil it ating ▁team ▁interaction ▁with ▁profess ors , ▁industry ▁ment ors ▁and ▁own ers ▁who ▁provide ▁necessary ▁guidance ▁and ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁learning ▁activity . ▁ ▁Key ▁advantages ▁of ▁this ▁method ▁are ▁that ▁it ▁familiar izes ▁students ▁with ▁real ▁world ▁problems ▁and ▁impro ves ▁their ▁confidence ▁in ▁solving ▁these . ▁It ▁also ▁impro ves ▁their ▁networking ▁skills , ▁thereby ▁establish ing ▁rapport ▁with ▁key ▁persons ▁of ▁the ▁industry . ▁They ▁also ▁learn ▁the ▁value ▁of ▁team work . ▁The ▁method ▁also ▁creates ▁in ▁them ▁an ▁appreci ation ▁of ▁inter dis cipl inary ▁approach . ▁ ▁The ▁approach ▁however ▁needs ▁due ▁consideration ▁of ▁the ▁ment oring ▁provided ▁to ▁the ▁students . ▁App ropri ate ▁sc aff old ing ▁should ▁be ▁done ▁by ▁the ▁ment ors ▁to ▁ensure ▁that ▁students ▁are ▁successful ▁in ▁att aining ▁their ▁project ▁goals ▁to ▁solve ▁the ▁problem . ▁Communic ation ▁between ▁the ▁team ▁should ▁also ▁be ▁open ▁and ▁construct ive ▁in ▁nature ▁for ▁ach ieving ▁the ▁necessary ▁mil est ones . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Disc overy ▁learning ▁ ▁Edu c ational ▁psych ology ▁ ▁Learning ▁by ▁teaching ▁( L d L ) ▁ ▁PO G IL ▁ ▁Ph en omen on - based ▁learning ▁ ▁Project - based ▁learning ▁▁ 2 1 st ▁century ▁skills ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Inter dis cipl inary ▁Journal ▁of ▁P BL ▁at ▁Pur
due ▁Problem ▁Based ▁Learning ▁for ▁College ▁Physics ▁( CC D MD ) ▁Illinois ▁Mathemat ics ▁and ▁Science ▁Academy ' s ▁Problem ▁Based ▁Learning ▁Network ▁( P BL N ) ▁Problem - B ased ▁Learning ▁the ▁Four ▁Core ▁Are as ▁P BL 4 C ▁ ▁Category : E du c ational ▁psych ology ▁Category : Med ical ▁education ▁Category : P ed ag ogy ▁▁ ▁Category : E du c ational ▁practices <0x0A> </s> ▁K ao ▁Ko ong - li an ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 9 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁politician ▁in ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁Vice ▁Chair man ▁and ▁Secretary - General ▁of ▁the ▁Stra its ▁Exchange ▁Foundation ▁( SE F ) ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁RO C ▁Mong ol ian ▁and ▁Tib et an ▁Affairs ▁Commission ▁Chair mans hip ▁ ▁RO C ▁and ▁Tib et ▁Rel ations ▁Im prov ement ▁ ▁Spe aking ▁at ▁a ▁press ▁conference ▁in ▁Tai pe i ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁K ao ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁RO C ▁government ▁is ▁willing ▁to ▁enh ance ▁relation ▁with ▁Tib et an ▁government - in - ex ile ▁in ▁India . ▁He ▁added ▁that ▁the ▁commission ▁is ▁willing ▁to ▁provide ▁a ids ▁to ▁all ▁Tib et ans ▁ir res pective ▁of ▁their ▁political ▁belief , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁RO C ▁government ▁is ▁committed ▁to ▁the ▁reun ification ▁of ▁China . ▁ ▁SE F ▁Secretary - General ▁and ▁Vice
▁Chair mans hip ▁▁ 2 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Cons ensus ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁during ▁a ▁conference ▁comm emor ating ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Cons ensus , ▁K ao ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁cons ensus ▁is ▁a ▁temporary ▁measures ▁to ▁reg ulate ▁the ▁relations ▁between ▁two ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁Taiwan ▁Stra its ▁in ▁which ▁both ▁sides ▁agreed ▁to ▁set ▁aside ▁differences . ▁However , ▁he ▁emphas ized ▁that ▁the ▁two ▁sides ▁need ▁to ▁take ▁another ▁step ▁forward ▁in ▁agree ing ▁to ▁not ▁rep udi ate ▁each ▁other ' s ▁juris diction ▁and ▁to ▁establish ▁cross - stra it ▁compreh ensive ▁offices ▁on ▁a ▁reci pro cal ▁basis . ▁ ▁He ▁added ▁that ▁SE F ▁is ▁the ▁temporary ▁medi ator ▁between ▁two ▁government ▁ag encies ▁across ▁the ▁Taiwan ▁Stra it . ▁Once ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁communication ▁channel ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁sides ▁have ▁been ▁well - est ab lished , ▁SE F ▁may ▁no ▁longer ▁be ▁needed . ▁ ▁He ▁pointed ▁out ▁that ▁over ▁the ▁past ▁two ▁dec ades , ▁Taiwan ▁identity ▁has ▁changed ▁significantly , ▁adding ▁that ▁Taiwan ese ▁identity ▁has ▁been ▁rein for ced ▁heavily ▁within ▁Taiwan . ▁This ▁is ▁something ▁that ▁both ▁Be ij ing ▁and ▁Tai pe i ▁should ▁guard ▁against . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Main land ▁China ▁visit ▁K ao ▁and ▁SE F ▁officials ▁left ▁for ▁Main land ▁China ▁in ▁mid ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁to
▁visit ▁Taiwan ese ▁companies ▁operating ▁in ▁Ch eng du ▁and ▁Ch ong q ing ▁and ▁meet ▁with ▁senior ▁execut ives ▁of ▁Taiwan ese ▁business es . ▁He ▁discussed ▁problems ▁they ▁are ▁facing ▁or ▁if ▁there ▁is ▁any ▁assistance ▁SE F ▁can ▁do ▁to ▁help ▁them . ▁ ▁The ▁SE F ▁deleg ations ▁were ▁still ▁in ▁S ich uan ▁province ▁when ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Ya ' an ▁earth qu ake ▁strike ▁L ush an ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁SE F ▁sp okes man ▁said ▁that ▁SE F ▁will ▁offer ▁help ▁to ▁the ▁earth qu ake ▁relief ▁efforts ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁sever ity ▁of ▁the ▁dis aster . ▁ ▁Cross - stra it ▁service ▁trade ▁ ▁In ▁end ▁of ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁K ao ▁joined ▁a ▁deleg ation ▁led ▁by ▁Lin ▁Jo in - s ane , ▁Chair man ▁of ▁Stra its ▁Exchange ▁Foundation ▁( SE F ), ▁to ▁visit ▁Shang hai ▁from ▁Taiwan ▁for ▁the ▁Cross - St rait ▁Service ▁Trade ▁Ag re ement ▁signing . ▁The ▁Taiwan ese ▁deleg ation ▁includes ▁Cho ▁Sh ih - cha o , ▁Vice ▁Minister ▁of ▁Econom ic ▁Affairs ▁and ▁Ch ang ▁H s ien - ya o , ▁Deput y ▁Minister ▁of ▁Main land ▁Affairs ▁Council . ▁ ▁The ▁cross - stra it ▁service ▁trade ▁agreement ▁was ▁signed ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁which ▁consists ▁of ▁four ▁chap ters ▁and ▁twenty ▁four ▁articles . ▁Under ▁the ▁agreement ,
▁ 6 4 ▁Taiwan ese ▁indust ries ▁will ▁be ▁opened ▁to ▁Chinese ▁Main land ▁invest ments , ▁r anging ▁from ▁transport ation , ▁tour ism ▁and ▁traditional ▁Chinese ▁medicine ▁se ctors . ▁Meanwhile , ▁ 8 0 ▁Chinese ▁Main land ▁indust ries ▁will ▁be ▁opened ▁to ▁Taiwan ese ▁invest ments , ▁r anging ▁from ▁fin ance , ▁ret ail , ▁electron ics , ▁publishing ▁and ▁travel ▁se ctors . ▁ ▁SE F ▁res ignation ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 0 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁K ao ▁tender ed ▁his ▁res ignation ▁from ▁SE F ▁post ▁and ▁will ▁leave ▁the ▁office ▁on ▁ 6 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁with ▁no ▁future ▁posting . ▁His ▁res ignation ▁was ▁approved ▁by ▁President ▁Ma ▁Y ing - je ou ▁a ▁week ▁earlier . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁office - hold ers ▁in ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁China ▁on ▁Taiwan ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : T ai wan ese ▁people ▁from ▁F uj ian ▁Category : National ▁Ch eng chi ▁University ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Marie - H él ène ▁L ent ini ▁is ▁a ▁French ▁actress ▁and ▁com ed ian . ▁ ▁Theater ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : F rench ▁film ▁actress es ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁French ▁actress es ▁Category : Act ress es ▁from ▁Paris ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁French
▁actress es ▁Category : F rench ▁stage ▁actress es ▁Category : F rench ▁television ▁actress es ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁D ong sh an ▁District ▁() ▁was ▁a ▁former ▁district ▁in ▁Gu ang z hou , ▁Gu ang d ong , ▁China ▁located ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁T ian he ▁District ▁and ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁Y ue xi u ▁District . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁political ▁and ▁cultural ▁centre ▁of ▁Gu ang d ong ▁Province ▁and ▁noted ▁for ▁its ▁high ▁quality ▁education . ▁The ▁district ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁then ▁merged ▁with ▁Y ue xi u ▁District ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Y ue xi u ▁District ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁China ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁China ▁Category : St ates ▁and ▁territ ories ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁Category : St ates ▁and ▁territ ories ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Category : Y ue xi u ▁District ▁Category : Form er ▁districts ▁of ▁Gu ang z hou <0x0A> </s> ▁Gast on ▁Fe u ill ard ▁( 1 4 ▁April ▁ 1 9 0 4 , ▁An jou an , ▁Com or os ▁– ▁ 1 3 ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁Paris ) ▁was ▁a ▁politician ▁from ▁Com or os ▁who ▁represented ▁Gu adel oupe ▁in ▁the ▁French
▁National ▁Assembly ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 8 - 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁page ▁on ▁the ▁French ▁National ▁Assembly ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 8 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁An jou an ▁Category : Com or ian ▁polit icians ▁Category : National ▁Centre ▁of ▁Independ ents ▁and ▁Pe as ants ▁polit icians ▁Category : Ind ep endent ▁Republic ans ▁polit icians ▁Category : Union ▁of ▁Democr ats ▁for ▁the ▁Republic ▁polit icians ▁Category : De put ies ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁National ▁Assembly ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Fif th ▁Republic ▁Category : De put ies ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁National ▁Assembly ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Fif th ▁Republic ▁Category : De put ies ▁of ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁National ▁Assembly ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Fif th ▁Republic <0x0A> </s> ▁Bes os ▁y ▁Cop as ▁Desde ▁Hollywood ▁is ▁a ▁live ▁album ▁released ▁by ▁Regional ▁Mexican ▁singer ▁Jen ni ▁River a ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁It ▁was ▁recorded ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁California . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Por ▁un ▁Am or / C uc ur ru c uc u ▁Pal oma ▁▁ ▁J uro ▁Que ▁N un ca ▁Vol vere ▁▁ ▁Qu er ida ▁S ocia ▁ ▁So y ▁Mad re ▁Sol tera ▁( M adre ▁Sol tera ) ▁ ▁La ▁T equ il era ▁ ▁H omen aje ▁a ▁Mi ▁Mad re ▁ ▁Cuando ▁Y o ▁Qu eria ▁Ser
▁Grande ▁ ▁Las ▁M ism as ▁Cost umb res ▁ ▁Am iga ▁Si ▁Lo ▁V es ▁ ▁Que ▁Se ▁Te ▁Ol v ido ▁ ▁Que ▁Me ▁Vas ▁a ▁Dar ▁ ▁Bes os ▁y ▁Cop as ▁ ▁Mil ▁Her idas ▁ ▁Chart ▁Performance ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 6 ▁live ▁albums ▁Category : F on ov isa ▁Records ▁live ▁albums ▁Category : J en ni ▁River a ▁live ▁albums ▁Category : Span ish - language ▁live ▁albums ▁Category : J en ni ▁River a ▁video ▁albums ▁Category : F on ov isa ▁Records ▁video ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Dr us illa ▁is ▁an ▁Amazon ▁who ▁appeared ▁in ▁Wonder ▁Woman ▁Vol ▁ 1 , ▁# 1 8 2 ▁to ▁# 1 8 4 , ▁of ▁DC ▁Comics ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁Cre ated ▁by ▁Mike ▁Se kow sky , ▁she ▁was ▁modified ▁as ▁Wonder ▁Woman ' s ▁younger ▁sister ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁Wonder ▁Woman ▁television ▁series ▁played ▁by ▁Deb ra ▁W inger . ▁ ▁F ict ional ▁character ▁bi ograph ies ▁ ▁Dr us illa ▁was ▁an ▁Amazon ▁mess enger , ▁then ▁came ▁to ▁the ▁former ▁Wonder ▁Woman ▁with ▁terrible ▁news . ▁In ▁the ▁dimension ▁now ▁hosting ▁Parad ise ▁Island , ▁A res ▁was ▁attempting ▁to ▁force ▁Hi pp oly ta ▁to ▁give ▁him ▁the ▁secret ▁of ▁trans dimensional ▁travel . ▁ ▁Hi pp oly ta ▁kept ▁ref using ▁him , ▁and ▁A res ▁sent ▁his ▁troops ▁against ▁the ▁Island , ▁killing ▁many ▁Ama z ons .
▁A res ' s ▁daughter ▁Er is ▁then ▁put ▁Hi pp oly ta ▁into ▁an ▁en ch anted ▁sleep . ▁ ▁A ▁Time ▁to ▁Love ▁a ▁Time ▁to ▁Die ! ▁ ▁During ▁D iana ' s ▁advent ures ▁with ▁I ▁Ch ing : ▁In ▁another ▁dimension , ▁Queen ▁Hi pp oly ta ▁tells ▁an ▁Amazon ▁named ▁Dr us illa ▁that ▁she ▁must ▁bring ▁Princess ▁D iana ▁back ▁to ▁her ▁using ▁a ▁magic ▁cross - dimensional ▁am u let . ▁Dr us illa ▁loc ates ▁D iana ▁and ▁I ▁Ch ing , ▁who ▁then ▁follow ▁her , ▁and ▁brings ▁them ▁both ▁across ▁dimensional ▁bar riers ▁to ▁the ▁land ▁where ▁Parad ise ▁Island ▁now ▁exists . ▁ ▁Return ▁to ▁Parad ise ▁Island ▁ ▁The ▁land ▁is ▁rav aged ▁by ▁war , ▁and ▁Queen ▁Hi pp oly ta ▁lies ▁com at ose ▁and ▁tor ment ed . ▁An ▁Amazon ▁reve als ▁that ▁A res , ▁his ▁sister ▁Er is , ▁and ▁his ▁sons ▁D iem os ▁and ▁Ph ob us ▁came ▁to ▁Hi pp oly ta ▁and ▁demanded ▁the ▁secret ▁of ▁dimensional ▁travel ▁so ▁that ▁they ▁could ▁travel ▁to ▁Earth ▁and ▁pl unge ▁it ▁into ▁blo ody ▁war . ▁Hi pp oly ta ▁refused , ▁and ▁battle ▁en su ed , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Ama z ons ▁were ▁defeated . ▁But ▁Hi pp oly ta ▁still ▁with h eld ▁the ▁secret , ▁where up on ▁Er is ▁curs ed ▁her ▁with ▁a ▁night m are ▁sleep ▁that ▁would ▁only ▁end ▁when ▁her ▁secret ▁was ▁wr ested
▁from ▁her . ▁ ▁Now ▁A res ▁appears ▁to ▁D iana ▁and ▁tells ▁her ▁that ▁she ▁can ▁end ▁her ▁mother ' s ▁suffering ▁by ▁asking ▁her ▁to ▁reve al ▁the ▁secret . ▁But ▁Hi pp oly te , ▁even ▁in ▁sleep , ▁gr as ps ▁D iana ' s ▁hand , ▁sign ifying ▁her ▁answer ▁is ▁still ▁“ No ”. ▁When ▁A res ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁attempt ▁to ▁kid nap ▁Hi pp oly ta , ▁the ▁Ama z ons ▁surr ound ▁their ▁queen ▁and ▁prevent ▁it . ▁A res ▁withdraw s , ▁prom ising ▁to ▁return ▁with ▁troops . ▁D iana ▁r al lies ▁the ▁Ama z ons ▁to ▁fight ▁at ▁her ▁side ▁against ▁their ▁fo e , ▁which ▁out numbers ▁them ▁five ▁to ▁one . ▁D iana ▁later ▁d ons ▁battle ▁arm or ▁and ▁leads ▁the ▁Amazon ▁army ▁against ▁De imos ' s ▁and ▁Ph ob us ' s ▁Be ast ▁Men , ▁during ▁which ▁battle ▁the ▁enemy ▁sn atch es ▁Hi pp oly ta . ▁The ▁Ama z ons ▁recover ▁their ▁queen ▁in ▁a ▁ra id ▁led ▁by ▁D iana , ▁and ▁they ▁withdraw ▁to ▁a ▁mountain ▁pass ▁where ▁they ▁intend ▁to ▁make ▁their ▁last ▁stand ▁against ▁Mars ' s ▁troops . ▁ ▁The ▁Last ▁Battle ▁ ▁D iana ▁hits ▁on ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁going ▁to ▁another ▁dimension ▁where ▁King ▁Arthur ▁and ▁hero es ▁of ▁legend ▁still ▁exist ▁and ▁asking ▁for ▁their ▁help ▁in ▁rep elling ▁Mars ' s ▁troops . ▁Dr us illa , ▁the ▁Ama z ons ’ ▁mess
enger , ▁takes ▁her ▁to ▁that ▁real m , ▁in ▁which ▁Arthur ▁is ▁holding ▁a ▁tournament ▁of ▁hero es . ▁But ▁none ▁of ▁them ▁wish ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁war ▁again , ▁even ▁after ▁D iana ▁tells ▁them ▁A res ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁march ▁again . ▁A ▁fight ▁begins ▁between ▁D iana ▁and ▁Sieg fried , ▁but ▁the ▁V alk y rie ▁Brun h ilde ▁stops ▁it ▁and ▁tells ▁D iana ▁she ▁and ▁her ▁V alk y ries ▁would ▁be ▁proud ▁to ▁aid ▁the ▁Ama z ons . ▁Thus , ▁D iana ▁returns ▁with ▁the ▁Nord ic ▁war - w omen ▁and ▁begin ▁their ▁final ▁eng agement ▁with ▁A res ' s ▁forces . ▁Before ▁long , ▁they ▁are ▁joined ▁by ▁Roland ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁hero es ▁from ▁Arthur ' s ▁real m , ▁and ▁A res ' s ▁army ▁is ▁defeated . ▁Hi pp oly ta ▁aw ak ens ▁from ▁her ▁sleep , ▁and ▁A res ▁brings ▁an ▁un cons cious ▁D iana ▁back ▁to ▁her , ▁hon oring ▁his ▁oppon ent , ▁but ▁telling ▁her ▁that ▁he ▁will ▁eventually ▁return . ▁Roland , ▁Br unn h ilde , ▁and ▁all ▁the ▁other ▁hero es ▁and ▁V alk y ries ▁depart . ▁Parad ise ▁Island ▁is ▁re built , ▁and ▁I ▁Ch ing ▁opts ▁to ▁stay ▁there ▁a while ▁and ▁study ▁its ▁ancient ▁myster ies . ▁With ▁the ▁crisis ▁over , ▁Dr us illa ▁takes ▁D iana ▁back ▁to ▁her ▁a partment ▁on ▁Earth ▁where ▁they ▁part ▁ways ▁and ▁say ▁their ▁good by
es . ▁ ▁Altern ate ▁versions ▁A ▁figure ▁res emb ling ▁W inger ' s ▁Dr us illa ▁made ▁a ▁came o ▁appearance ▁in ▁In finite ▁Cris is ▁# 6 , ▁as ▁the ▁Wonder ▁Girl ▁of ▁Earth - 4 6 2 . ▁ ▁In ▁other ▁media ▁ ▁Wonder ▁Woman ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁a ▁version ▁of ▁Wonder ▁Girl ▁named ▁Dr us illa ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁Wonder ▁Woman ▁television ▁series ▁and ▁was ▁played ▁by ▁Deb ra ▁W inger . ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁pilot ▁episode ▁revealed ▁that ▁Princess ▁D iana ▁was ▁Queen ▁Hi pp oly ta ' s ▁only ▁child , ▁two ▁later ▁episodes ▁featured ▁D iana ' s ▁younger ▁sister , ▁Dr us illa . ▁ ▁This ▁version ▁of ▁Dr us illa ▁was ▁different ▁than ▁the ▁one - time ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁com ics . ▁She ▁was ▁heavily ▁modified ▁for ▁the ▁TV ▁Series . ▁ ▁Dr us illa ▁first ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁two - part ▁episode ▁" The ▁Fem in um ▁Myst ique ." ▁In ▁that ▁episode , ▁Queen ▁Hi pp oly ta ▁( Car ol yn ▁Jones ) ▁sends ▁Dr us illa ▁to ▁America ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁bring ▁her ▁sister ▁home ▁to ▁Parad ise ▁Island ▁to ▁continue ▁her ▁duties ▁as ▁Princess . ▁ ▁Dr us illa ▁gets ▁tang led ▁up ▁in ▁a ▁Naz i ▁plot ▁to ▁discover ▁the ▁secret ▁of ▁Wonder ▁Woman ' s ▁mag ical ▁bra ce lets , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁process ▁master s ▁the ▁transform ational ▁spin ▁used ▁by ▁D iana . ▁Although ▁Dr us illa ▁creates
▁the ▁persona ▁of ▁Wonder ▁Girl , ▁the ▁distinction ▁is ▁lost ▁on ▁the ▁Naz is , ▁who ▁believe ▁her ▁to ▁be ▁Wonder ▁Woman ▁and ▁ab duct ▁her . ▁ ▁Dr us illa ▁appeared ▁again ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁" W onder ▁Woman ▁in ▁Hollywood ." ▁ ▁A ▁Wonder ▁Girl ▁series ▁was ▁in ▁development ▁when ▁actress ▁Deb ra ▁W inger ▁broke ▁her ▁contract ▁and ▁left ▁the ▁series . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁https :// dc . f andom . com / wiki / D rus illa _( E arth - One ) ▁https :// dc . f andom . com / wiki / D rus illa ▁https :// dc . f andom . com / wiki / D rus illa _( W onder _ W oman _ TV _ Series ) ▁ ▁Category : W onder ▁Woman ▁characters ▁Category : Char acters ▁created ▁by ▁Mike ▁Se kow sky ▁Category : Com ics ▁characters ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁com ics ▁deb uts ▁Category : DC ▁Comics ▁female ▁super h ero es ▁Category : DC ▁Comics ▁Ama z ons ▁Category : F em ale ▁characters ▁in ▁television <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁by - e lection ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁the ▁Nan ume a ▁constitu ency ▁in ▁Tu valu ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁It ▁followed ▁the ▁res ignation ▁of ▁the ▁inc umb ent , ▁Wil ly ▁Tel avi , ▁in ▁August . ▁ ▁Context ▁Wil ly ▁Tel avi ▁had
▁been ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁of ▁Tu valu ▁until ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁when ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁ou sted ▁in ▁a ▁parliament ary ▁vote ▁of ▁no ▁confidence , ▁having ▁lost ▁his ▁majority . ▁He ▁was ▁absent ▁for ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁parliament ary ▁year ▁that ▁followed , ▁t ending ▁to ▁his ▁sick ▁wife ▁in ▁Hawai i , ▁and ▁reported ly ▁res igned ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁need ▁to ▁remain ▁at ▁his ▁wife ' s ▁side . ▁ ▁Nan ume a ▁is ▁a ▁two - se at ▁constitu ency . ▁The ▁other ▁seat , ▁held ▁by ▁Fin ance ▁Minister ▁Ma atia ▁To af a , ▁is ▁not ▁affected ▁by ▁the ▁by - e lection . ▁Tel avi ▁sat ▁on ▁the ▁O pp osition ▁ben ches , ▁and ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁by - e lection ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁E ne le ▁S opo aga ' s ▁government ▁had ▁a ▁two - third s ▁majority ▁in ▁Parliament . ▁The ▁outcome ▁of ▁the ▁by - e lection ▁therefore ▁did ▁not ▁affect ▁the ▁government ' s ▁majority . ▁ ▁Result ▁Sat ini ▁Tul aga ▁Manuel la ▁was ▁the ▁successful ▁candidate . ▁The ▁former ▁US P ▁Senior ▁Account ant ▁and ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Tu valu ▁National ▁Private ▁S ector ▁Organ ization ▁( T NP SO ) ▁supports ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁E ne le ▁S opo aga . ▁There ▁were ▁only ▁two ▁candidates , ▁and ▁the ▁results ▁were ▁as ▁follows : ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁election ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁general ▁election , ▁the ▁results ▁had ▁been ▁as
▁follows . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁elections ▁in ▁O ce ania ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁Tu valu ▁Category : By - e lections ▁to ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Tu valu <0x0A> </s> ▁B ury at ▁Opera ▁and ▁Bal let ▁Theatre ▁( o fficial ly ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" G . ▁Ts yd yn zh ap ov ▁B ury at ▁State ▁Academ ic ▁Opera ▁and ▁Bal let ▁Theatre ", ▁, ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁music ▁theatre ▁in ▁U lan - U de , ▁the ▁capital ▁of ▁the ▁B ury at ▁Republic , ▁Russia . ▁It ▁oper ates ▁its ▁own ▁music ▁school , ▁a ▁dance ▁school , ▁and ▁an ▁art ▁inst itute . ▁The ▁theatre ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 . ▁It ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁B ury at ▁drama ▁actor ▁and ▁director ▁ ▁G om bo zh ap ▁Ts yd yn zh ap ov ▁( ru ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : The at res ▁in ▁U lan - U de ▁Category : The at res ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁Category : 1 9 3 9 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Russia <0x0A> </s> ▁Col in ▁Has el gro ve , ▁F BA , ▁F SA ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁arch ae ologist ▁and ▁academic ▁special ising ▁in ▁Iron ▁Age ▁Britain ▁and ▁Europe . ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁Professor ▁of ▁Arch ae ology ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Le ic ester . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁Head ▁of ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Arch ae ology ▁& ▁An cient
▁History ▁at ▁Le ic ester ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁was ▁previously ▁Professor ▁of ▁Arch ae ology ▁at ▁Dur ham ▁University . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁Chair ▁of ▁the ▁Arch ae ology ▁Section ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Academy . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁On ▁ 4 ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁Has el gro ve ▁was ▁elected ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Society ▁of ▁Anti qu aries ▁( F SA ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Academy ▁( F BA ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : B rit ish ▁arch ae olog ists ▁Category : Pre histor ians ▁Category : A cadem ics ▁of ▁Dur ham ▁University ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Academy ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁Society ▁of ▁Anti qu aries ▁of ▁London ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁arch ae olog ists ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁arch ae olog ists ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁is ▁the ▁aw aren ess ▁of ▁climate ▁change ▁and ▁the ▁climate ▁impact s ▁of ▁man kind ' s ▁every day ▁actions . ▁The ▁term ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁in ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁context s ▁in ▁scientific ▁literature ▁and ▁in ▁cas ual ▁usage ▁( see ▁Research ), ▁but ▁is ▁most ▁associated ▁with ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Project ▁( CL P ). ▁ ▁Definition ▁ ▁Car
bon ▁Liter acy ▁is ▁the ▁knowledge ▁and ▁capacity ▁required ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁positive ▁shift ▁in ▁how ▁man kind ▁lives , ▁works ▁and ▁behav es ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁climate ▁change . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Project ▁defines ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁as ▁" an ▁aw aren ess ▁of ▁the ▁carbon ▁costs ▁and ▁impact s ▁of ▁every day ▁activities ▁and ▁the ▁ability ▁and ▁motiv ation ▁to ▁reduce ▁em issions , ▁on ▁an ▁individual , ▁community ▁and ▁organis ational ▁basis ." ▁ ▁To ▁distinguish ▁between ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁phrase ▁in ▁its ▁abstract ▁sense ▁(' car bon ▁liter acy ') ▁( e . g .), ▁and ▁its ▁use ▁under ▁the ▁established ▁definition ▁( Car bon ▁Liter acy ), ▁the ▁phrase ▁is ▁capital ised ▁( e . g .). ▁See ▁Research . ▁ ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Project ▁( CL P ) ▁ ▁The ▁term ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁had ▁been ▁used ▁inform ally ▁on ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁earlier ▁occasions , ▁but ▁began ▁to ▁gain ▁prom in ence ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁when ▁it ▁emer ged ▁in ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁climate ▁change ▁action ▁plan ▁for ▁Manchester , ▁Manchester : ▁A ▁C ertain ▁Future . ▁ ▁This ▁citiz en - written ▁plan ▁p led ged ▁the ▁UK ' s ▁second ▁largest ▁urban ▁area ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Red uce ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Manchester ’ s ▁em issions ▁of ▁carbon ▁dio x ide ▁by ▁ 4 1 % ▁by ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁levels . ▁
▁To ▁eng age ▁all ▁individuals , ▁neighbourhood s ▁and ▁organis ations ▁in ▁Manchester ▁in ▁a ▁process ▁of ▁cultural ▁change ▁that ▁embed s ▁‘ low - car bon ▁thinking ’ ▁into ▁the ▁l ifest yles ▁and ▁operations ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁ ▁The ▁plan ▁therefore ▁aim ed ▁to ▁( i ) ▁lower ▁em issions ▁by ▁reducing ▁demand ▁for ▁and ▁use ▁of ▁energy ; ▁alter ing ▁the ▁techn ologies ▁used ▁for ▁energy ▁generation ; ▁and ▁changing ▁the ▁sources ▁of ▁the ▁fu els ▁used ▁from ▁foss il ▁fu els ▁to ▁renew ables ; ▁and ▁( ii ) ▁create ▁a ▁' low - car bon ▁culture ' ▁by ▁building ▁a ▁common ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁causes ▁and ▁imp lications ▁of ▁climate ▁change , ▁and ▁to ▁develop ▁program mes ▁of ▁' car bon ▁liter acy '. ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁collect ively ▁written ▁and ▁owned ▁plan , ▁any ▁citiz en ▁or ▁organisation ▁could ▁respond ▁to ▁assist ▁in ▁the ▁delivery ▁of ▁a ims ▁and ▁object ives , ▁however ▁it ▁took ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁before ▁a ▁Manchester - based ▁social ▁enter prise ▁C ool er ▁Project s ▁C IC ▁took ▁up ▁the ▁challenge ▁of ▁delivery ▁of ▁the ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁objective : ▁“ ... every ▁resident , ▁pup il , ▁student ▁and ▁employee ▁[ in ▁the ▁city ] ▁will ▁have ▁had ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁day ' s ▁training ▁in ▁climate ▁change … pro bably ▁several ▁by ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁C ool er ▁conven ed ▁a ▁volunt ary
▁ 3 0 - person ▁working ▁group ▁drawn ▁from ▁all ▁se ctors ▁who , ▁working ▁collect ively , ▁created ▁a ▁definition ▁for ▁the ▁term , ▁and ▁established ▁requirements ▁for ▁a ▁day ' s ▁training ▁to ▁meet ▁that ▁definition . ▁These ▁requirements ▁formed ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Standard . ▁The ▁Standard ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁key ▁prem ise ▁that ▁if ▁man kind ▁is ▁to ▁cut ▁carbon ▁em issions ▁by ▁the ▁kind ▁of ▁reduction ▁targets ▁demanded ▁by ▁science , ▁we ▁will ▁need ▁to ▁change ▁our ▁culture ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁our ▁technology . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁C ool er ▁began ▁to ▁pilot ▁its ▁approach ▁with ▁schools , ▁work p laces , ▁and ▁communities . ▁It ▁quickly ▁established ▁a ▁not ▁for ▁profit ▁initi ative ▁- ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Project ▁- ▁initially ▁in ▁Manchester ▁but ▁rapidly ▁beyond , ▁to ▁over see ▁the ▁delivery ▁of ▁training ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁Standard , ▁and ▁cert ifying ▁successful ▁participants ▁as ▁“ Car bon ▁Liter ate ”. ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁Gre ater ▁Manchester ▁Author ities ▁( AG MA ) ▁( which ▁includes ▁Manchester ), ▁established ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁a ims ▁of ▁the ▁Gre ater ▁Manchester ▁Cl imate ▁Change ▁Str ategy . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁Project ▁was ▁incorpor ated ▁as ▁a ▁registered ▁char ity ▁( a ▁legal ▁not - for - pro fit ▁structure ▁in ▁the ▁UK ) ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Trust ▁( register ed
▁char ity ▁No . 1 1 5 6 7 2 2 ) ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁and ▁its ▁IP ▁could ▁be ▁delivered ▁in ▁perpet u ity , ▁for ▁the ▁public ▁good . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Project ▁was ▁selected ▁from ▁a ▁global ▁field ▁to ▁be ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Trans form ative ▁A ctions ▁Program ▁( T AP ) ▁at ▁the ▁UN ▁Cl imate ▁Change ▁sum mit ▁( CO P 2 1 ) ▁in ▁Paris , ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Project ▁is ▁therefore ▁formally ▁recogn ised ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁ 1 0 0 ▁responses ▁the ▁world ▁has ▁to ▁offer ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁tack le ▁climate ▁change . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Coun c ill or ▁Jeff ▁Smith ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁Car bon ▁Liter ate ▁MP . ▁ ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Project ▁introduced ▁an ▁acc red itation ▁scheme ▁called ▁the ▁Car bon ▁Liter ate ▁Organisation ▁( C LO ) ▁acc red itation . ▁ ▁Car bon ▁Liter ate ▁Organisation ▁( C LO ) ▁ ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter ate ▁Organisation ▁( C LO ) ▁acc red itation ▁and ▁associated ▁C LO ▁Standard ▁were ▁designed ▁and ▁launched ▁by ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Project ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁provide ▁a ▁visible ▁‘ bad ge ’ ▁that ▁show cases ▁an ▁organisation ▁as ▁( i )
▁committed ▁to ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁( CL ), ▁( ii ) ▁having ▁a ▁substantial ▁number ▁of ▁people ▁who ▁are ▁Car bon ▁Liter ate , ▁and ▁( iii ) ▁having ▁a ▁commit ment ▁to ▁support ▁its ▁Car bon ▁Liter ate ▁people ▁and ▁maintain ▁its ▁low ▁carbon ▁culture . ▁An ▁organisation ▁uses ▁this ▁status ▁to ▁better ▁interact ▁with ▁its ▁communities – wh ether ▁they ▁are ▁staff ▁or ▁customers , ▁neighb ours , ▁learn ers , ▁supp liers ▁or ▁st ake hold ers . ▁The ▁four ▁t iers ▁of ▁acc red itation ▁( B ron ze , ▁Silver , ▁Gold , ▁Pl atin um ) ▁ens ures ▁distinction ▁between ▁organis ations ▁showing ▁differ ing ▁levels ▁of ▁commit ment . ▁ ▁World wide ▁to ▁date , ▁four teen ▁organis ations ▁are ▁registered ▁as ▁Car bon ▁Liter ate ▁Organ is ations ▁( C LO s ), ▁including ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Manchester , ▁Manchester ▁Museum ▁and ▁North wards ▁H ous ing . ▁ ▁Research ▁ ▁The ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁‘ car bon ▁liter acy ’ ▁is ▁increasing ly ▁w ides p read ▁in ▁every day ▁language ▁and ▁scientific ▁literature , ▁and ▁includes ▁( i ) ▁research ▁that ▁specifically ▁evalu ates ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁and ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Project , ▁and ▁( ii ) ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁' car bon ▁liter acy ' ▁in ▁a ▁more ▁abstract ▁sense . ▁ ▁Be hav iour al ▁responses ▁to ▁climate ▁change ▁are ▁limited ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁uncertainty ▁and ▁complexity ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁subject . ▁Current ▁research
▁focus es ▁on ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁soci etal ▁eng agement ▁in ▁the ▁mit ig ation ▁of ▁climate ▁change , ▁through ▁an ▁increase ▁of ▁understanding ▁amongst ▁citizens , ▁organis ations , ▁schools ▁and ▁public ▁bodies ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁uncertainty ▁and ▁complexity ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁subject . ▁D iss em ination ▁of ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁( CL ) ▁training ▁( which ▁includes ▁the ▁causes ▁and ▁consequences ▁of ▁carbon ▁em issions , ▁and ▁an ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁individual ▁action ) ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁qual it atively ▁influence ▁positive ▁behaviour ▁change ▁with ▁regard ▁to ▁reducing ▁carbon ▁foot print s . ▁Following ▁CL ▁training , ▁energy ▁and ▁carbon - s aving ▁behaviour ▁( including ▁both ▁individual ▁and ▁collect ive ▁actions ) ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁increase , ▁including ▁evidence ▁of ▁the ▁‘ cas cade ▁effect ’ – where ▁participants ▁discussed ▁CL ▁with ▁family , ▁friends ▁or ▁colle agues . ▁In ▁Gre ater ▁Manchester ▁CL ▁is ▁being ▁dis sem in ated ▁to ▁those ▁that ▁live ▁( via ▁housing ▁associations ), ▁those ▁that ▁work ▁( B BC , ▁Media ▁City , ▁Pe el ▁Media , ▁I TV , ▁D ock 1 0 , ▁local ▁authorities , ▁Gr ound work , ▁Gre ater ▁Manchester ▁Fire ▁and ▁Res cue ) ▁and ▁those ▁that ▁study ▁( Univers ity ▁of ▁Manchester , ▁Manchester ▁Metropolitan ▁University ). ▁ ▁Other ▁studies ▁conducted ▁over ▁the ▁last ▁two ▁dec ades ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁abstract ▁concept ▁of ▁' car bon ▁liter acy ', ▁and ▁its ▁importance ▁in ▁low - car bon ▁behaviour ▁change . ▁For
▁example , ▁Hor ng ▁et ▁al . ▁looked ▁into ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁low ▁carbon ▁choices ▁in ▁the ▁Taiwan ese ▁tour ism ▁industry , ▁and ▁T eng ▁et ▁al . ▁found ▁that ▁' car bon ▁liter acy ' ▁significantly ▁impro ves ▁low - car bon ▁behaviour ▁in ▁the ▁hospital ity ▁industry ▁in ▁Taiwan . ▁Studies ▁have ▁also ▁foc uss ed ▁on ▁‘ car bon ▁liter acy ▁practices ’ ▁in ▁children ’ s ▁construction ▁of ▁knowledge ▁about ▁climate ▁change . ▁Here , ▁significantly ▁higher ▁levels ▁of ▁climate ▁change ▁knowledge ▁and ▁understanding ▁were ▁found ▁in ▁pup ils ▁from ▁‘ ec o - sch ools ’ ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁‘ non - ec o - sch ools ’ , ▁indicating ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁within ▁community ▁settings ▁to ▁facil itate ▁culture ▁change . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Global ▁war ming ▁Car bon ▁dio x ide ▁Green house ▁gas ▁Green house ▁effect ▁Cl imate ▁change ▁and ▁agricult ure ▁Effect s ▁of ▁global ▁war ming ▁on ▁o ce ans ▁Environment al ▁impact ▁of ▁the ▁coal ▁industry ▁Ge olog ic ▁temperature ▁record ▁G loss ary ▁of ▁climate ▁change ▁History ▁of ▁climate ▁change ▁science ▁Index ▁of ▁climate ▁change ▁articles ▁Scient ific ▁opinion ▁on ▁climate ▁change ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁The ▁Car bon ▁Liter acy ▁Project ▁C ool er ▁Project s ▁ ▁Category : C lim ate ▁change ▁Category : Car bon ▁dio x ide ▁Category : Green house ▁g ases <0x0A> </s> ▁N . ▁vul gar is ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁N it rob acter
▁vul gar is , ▁a ▁rod - sh aped , ▁Gram - negative ▁and ▁chem o aut ot roph ic ▁b acter ium ▁species ▁ ▁Nova fr on eta ▁vul gar is , ▁a ▁sp ider ▁species ▁in ▁the ▁genus ▁Nova fr on eta ▁and ▁the ▁family ▁Lin y phi idae ▁ ▁Syn onym s ▁ ▁N icro ph orus ▁vul gar is , ▁a ▁syn onym ▁for ▁N icro ph orus ▁v esp illo , ▁a ▁b ury ing ▁be et le ▁species ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁V ul gar is ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁María ▁Paul ina ▁D áv ila ▁( born ▁ 1 8 ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 8 ), ▁is ▁a ▁Colomb ian ▁actress . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁D áv ila ▁born ▁in ▁Med ell ín , ▁Colombia , ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁Santa ▁Mart a , ▁where ▁she ▁stayed ▁until ▁she ▁finished ▁high ▁school . ▁Then ▁she ▁moves ▁to ▁Bog ot á ▁to ▁obtain ▁her ▁Visual ▁Arts ▁degree ▁from ▁the ▁Pont ific al ▁X avier ian ▁University . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Col omb ian ▁t elen ov ela ▁actress es ▁Category : Col omb ian ▁television ▁actress es ▁Category : Col omb ian ▁film ▁actress es ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Colomb ian ▁actress es <0x0A> </s> ▁Bobby ▁Thomas ▁Hop kin son ▁( born ▁ 3 ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 0 ) ▁is
▁a ▁professional ▁English ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁as ▁a ▁mid f iel der . ▁ ▁Career ▁Hop kin son ▁started ▁his ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁youth ▁player ▁at ▁P ly mouth ▁Arg yle , ▁signing ▁on ▁scholar ship ▁forms ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁under ▁Ian ▁H ollow ay . ▁Hop kin son ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Pil gr ims ' ▁side ▁that ▁reached ▁the ▁FA ▁Youth ▁Cup ▁quarter - final s ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 – 0 8 . ▁He ▁did ▁not ▁make ▁a ▁first ▁team ▁appearance , ▁and ▁was ▁released ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 – 0 8 ▁season . ▁ ▁Following ▁his ▁release ▁from ▁P ly mouth , ▁Hop kin son ▁joined ▁Southern ▁League ▁Premier ▁Division ▁team ▁T iver ton ▁Town ▁where ▁he ▁spent ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 – 0 9 ▁season . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁Hop kin son ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁" Tra vel ▁Club ▁Player ▁of ▁The ▁Year " ▁award ▁and ▁the ▁" W W W ▁Player ▁of ▁The ▁Year " ▁award . ▁ ▁After ▁a ▁successful ▁trial ▁he ▁joined ▁League ▁Two ▁side ▁Ald ers hot ▁Town ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁on ▁non - cont ract ▁terms . ▁Ald ers hot ▁manager ▁Gary ▁W add ock ▁pra ised ▁his ▁commit ment ▁saying ▁" Bob by ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁have ▁shown ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁commit ment ". ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁Ald ers hot ▁Town ▁on ▁ 6 ▁October ▁against ▁Here ford
▁United ▁in ▁their ▁ 2 – 2 ▁away ▁draw ▁in ▁the ▁Football ▁League ▁Tro phy ▁Southern ▁Section ▁Second ▁Round , ▁replacing ▁Scott ▁D onn elly ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 8 th ▁minute ▁as ▁a ▁substitute . ▁Here ford ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁game ▁ 4 – 3 ▁in ▁a ▁penalty ▁shoot out . ▁Hop kin son ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁in ▁the ▁Football ▁League ▁in ▁Ald ers hot ' s ▁subsequent ▁League ▁Two ▁game ▁against ▁More cam be ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 – 1 ▁home ▁win ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁October . ▁He ▁replaced ▁Scott ▁D onn elly ▁again ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁in ▁the ▁ 8 2 nd ▁minute . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁Southern ▁Football ▁League ▁Premier ▁Division ▁side ▁F arn borough ▁had ▁signed ▁Hop kin son ▁on ▁dual ▁registration ▁forms ▁with ▁Ald ers hot ▁Town . ▁Hop kin son ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁the ▁next ▁day , ▁when ▁he ▁came ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁in ▁F arn borough ' s ▁ 2 – 1 ▁win ▁against ▁Cle ved on ▁Town . ▁Three ▁days ▁later ▁Hop kin son ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁goal ▁for ▁F arn borough , ▁after ▁he ▁came ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁against ▁Ban bury ▁United . ▁ ▁On ▁ 5 ▁March , ▁Ald ers hot ▁Town ▁announced ▁that ▁Hop kin son ▁had ▁left ▁the ▁club , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁linked ▁with ▁a ▁return ▁to ▁T iver ton . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁following ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season ,
▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁Hop kin son ▁signed ▁a ▁two - year ▁deal ▁at ▁the ▁club ▁he ▁was ▁on ▁loan ▁at ▁for ▁the ▁last ▁few ▁weeks ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁Hav ant ▁& ▁Water lo ov ille . ▁St ay ing ▁at ▁Hav ant ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 – 1 1 ▁season , ▁Hop kin son ▁made ▁ 3 4 ▁league ▁appearances , ▁five ▁of ▁which ▁came ▁from ▁the ▁subst it utes ' ▁ben ch , ▁and ▁scored ▁two ▁goals . ▁ ▁He ▁signed ▁for ▁W esse x ▁League ▁Premier ▁Division ▁club ▁Hor nde an ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁on ▁loan . ▁Hop kin son ▁signed ▁for ▁Tru ro ▁City ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁But ▁left ▁the ▁club ▁by ▁mut ual ▁consent ▁on ▁ 7 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁He ▁later ▁played ▁for ▁P ly m stock ▁United , ▁W ither idge , ▁Bod min ▁Town , ▁T av ist ock , ▁before ▁joining ▁La unc eston ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Ald ers hot ▁Town ▁profile ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : English ▁football ers ▁Category : P ly mouth ▁Arg yle ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : T iver ton ▁Town ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : A ld ers hot ▁Town ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : F arn borough ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category :
H avant ▁& ▁Water lo ov ille ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Hor nde an ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : T ru ro ▁City ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : W ither idge ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : B od min ▁Town ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : T av ist ock ▁A . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : La unc eston ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Das yp ops ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁f rog ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Micro h yl idae . ▁It ▁is ▁monot yp ic , ▁being ▁represented ▁by ▁the ▁single ▁species , ▁the ▁Rio ▁Mut um ▁f rog ▁( D as yp ops ▁sch ir chi ). ▁It ▁is ▁en demic ▁to ▁the ▁coast al ▁plain ▁of ▁Esp í rito ▁Santo ▁and ▁Bah ia ▁states ▁of ▁eastern ▁Brazil . ▁Its ▁natural ▁habit ats ▁are ▁low land ▁for ests , ▁including ▁secondary ▁for ests ▁and ▁forest ▁edges . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁an ▁explos ive ▁bre eder ▁that ▁bre eds ▁in ▁temporary ▁po ols . ▁It ▁is ▁potentially ▁threatened ▁by ▁habitat ▁loss . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M icro h yl idae ▁Category : Mon ot yp ic ▁am ph ib ian ▁gener a ▁Category : Am ph ib ians ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁Category : End em ic ▁fa una ▁of ▁Brazil ▁Category : Am ph ib ians ▁of
▁Brazil ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Al í pio ▁de ▁Mir anda - R ibe iro ▁Category : T ax onomy ▁articles ▁created ▁by ▁Pol bot <0x0A> </s> ▁Ant imet ric ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Ant imet ric ▁( elect rical ▁networks ) ▁of ▁a ▁network ▁that ▁exhib its ▁anti - sym met rical ▁elect rical ▁properties ▁ ▁Ant imet ric ▁matrix , ▁a ▁matrix ▁equal ▁to ▁its ▁negative ▁trans pose ▁ ▁Ant imet ric ation , ▁a ▁position ▁opposed ▁to ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁metric ▁system ▁of ▁measurements <0x0A> </s> ▁Sp ay ▁is ▁a ▁commune ▁in ▁the ▁S art he ▁department ▁in ▁the ▁region ▁of ▁Pays - de - la - Lo ire ▁in ▁north - western ▁France . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Comm unes ▁of ▁the ▁S art he ▁department ▁ ▁References ▁IN SEE ▁ ▁Category : Comm unes ▁of ▁S art he <0x0A> </s> ▁Me ys am ▁Il an lou ▁() ▁is ▁an ▁Iran ian ▁fut sal ▁player . ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁M elli ▁H aff ari ▁Iran . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁Club ▁▁ ▁Iran ian ▁F uts al ▁Super ▁League ▁ ▁Champion ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁( D ab iri ▁Tab riz ) ▁ ▁R unn ers - up ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 2 – 1 3 ▁( S aba ▁Q om ) ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople
▁from ▁Q om ▁Category : I ran ian ▁men ' s ▁fut sal ▁players ▁Category : Al mas ▁Sh ahr ▁Q om ▁F SC ▁players ▁Category : D ab iri ▁F SC ▁players ▁Category : Sh ah id ▁Mans ouri ▁F SC ▁players ▁Category : S oh an ▁Moh amm ad ▁S ima ▁F SC ▁players ▁Category : F ar sh ▁Ara ▁F SC ▁players ▁Category : Ar jan ▁Sh ira z ▁F SC ▁players ▁Category : M elli ▁H aff ari ▁F SC ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁K ond al illa ▁is ▁a ▁national ▁park ▁in ▁the ▁Black all ▁Range ▁of ▁South ▁East ▁Queensland , ▁Australia , ▁ 9 1 km ▁north ▁of ▁Br is b ane . ▁William ▁Sk ene ▁founded ▁this ▁area ▁on ▁his ▁property ▁while ▁searching ▁for ▁lost ▁cattle . ▁He ▁named ▁it ▁Bon ▁Acc ord ▁before ▁giving ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁Queensland ▁Government ▁who , ▁during ▁the ▁f ift ies , ▁renamed ▁it ▁K ond al illa ▁which ▁is ▁an ▁Ab original ▁word ▁for ▁running ▁water . ▁The ▁area ▁was ▁first ▁officially ▁protected ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁as ▁a ▁recre ational ▁area , ▁becoming ▁a ▁national ▁park ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁ ▁Access ▁is ▁easiest ▁by ▁road ▁from ▁F la xt on , ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁park . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁large ▁pic nic ▁area ▁where ▁there ▁are ▁to ile t ▁facilities ▁( non ▁pot able ▁water ). ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁tracks ▁which ▁lead ▁to ▁the ▁upper ▁falls ▁sw imming ▁hole . ▁A ▁longer
▁circuit ▁track ▁will ▁take ▁you ▁to ▁the ▁bottom ▁pool ▁which ▁is ▁not ▁suitable ▁for ▁sw imming . ▁Allow ▁at ▁least ▁two ▁hours ▁for ▁the ▁circuit ▁trip , ▁which ▁in ▁some ▁places ▁is ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁cl iff ▁edge ▁and ▁is ▁not ▁f enced . ▁ ▁Camp ing ▁in ▁the ▁park ▁is ▁not ▁permitted . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁B ony ee ▁festival ▁ ▁For ▁count less ▁gener ations , ▁the ▁Black all ▁Range ▁has ▁held ▁spiritual ▁significance ▁for ▁many ▁Ab original ▁people ▁throughout ▁South ▁East ▁Queensland . ▁ ▁Ab und ant ▁b unya ▁p ines ▁growing ▁throughout ▁this ▁area ▁produced ▁large ▁nut ▁cro ps , ▁providing ▁enough ▁food ▁for ▁huge ▁gather ings . ▁When ▁the ▁nut ▁c rop ▁pe aked ▁every ▁three ▁years , ▁K abi ▁K abi ▁and ▁neighbour ing ▁W ak ka ▁W ak ka ▁people ▁hosted ▁the ▁B ony ee ▁Festival . ▁Many ▁invited ▁guests ▁travel led ▁great ▁distances ▁from ▁coast al ▁and ▁in land ▁areas ▁to ▁share ▁food , ▁songs ▁and ▁d ances , ▁ar range ▁mar ri ages , ▁and ▁other ▁social ▁interactions . ▁A ▁large ▁grass y ▁area ▁near ▁Bar oon ▁P ocket ▁was ▁an ▁important ▁gather ing ▁place . ▁ ▁Past oral ists ▁and ▁tim ber - get ters ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 8 4 2 ▁until ▁ 1 8 6 0 , ▁the ▁Black all ▁Range ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁large ▁reserve ▁declared ▁by ▁Governor ▁Gi pp s ▁to ▁protect ▁the ▁b unya ▁p ine ▁food ▁source ▁for ▁local ▁Ind igen ous ▁groups . ▁It ▁was
▁illegal ▁to ▁sett le ▁or ▁clear ▁land ▁where ▁b unya ▁p ines ▁occurred . ▁ ▁When ▁reserve ▁status ▁was ▁res c ind ed , ▁past oral ists ▁and ▁tim ber - get ters ▁came . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 0 s , ▁pri zed ▁tim ber ▁including ▁red ▁ced ar , ▁white ▁be ech , ▁b unya ▁p ine , ▁black but t ▁and ▁t allow wood ▁was ▁logged ▁in ▁the ▁Black all ▁Range . ▁The ▁forest ▁around ▁K ond al illa ▁was ▁logged ▁heavily ▁and ▁the ▁ring - b ark ed ▁trees ▁can ▁still ▁be ▁seen ▁today ▁along ▁the ▁Pic nic ▁Creek ▁circuit . ▁W ides p read ▁clear ing ▁of ▁the ▁table land ▁for ests ▁en su ed ▁as ▁settlement ▁proceeded . ▁However , ▁some ▁small ▁areas ▁were ▁set ▁aside ▁for ▁recre ation . ▁ ▁Rec re ational ▁use ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 0 0 s , ▁people ▁began ▁visit ing ▁this ▁area ▁for ▁its ▁" natural ▁scen ery , ▁water falls ▁and ▁spect ac ular ▁views ". ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁area ▁to ▁be ▁protected ▁was ▁K ond al illa — in ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁it ▁became ▁a ▁recre ational ▁area , ▁then ▁a ▁national ▁park ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁Since ▁then , ▁res erves ▁have ▁been ▁added ▁across ▁the ▁Black all ▁Range ▁to ▁protect ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁its ▁natural ▁communities . ▁K ond al illa ▁National ▁Park ▁( 3 2 7 ha ) ▁was ▁linked ▁to ▁Ob i ▁Ob
i ▁National ▁Park ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁With ▁other ▁add itions , ▁including ▁former ▁State ▁forest , ▁the ▁park ▁has ▁increased ▁in ▁size ▁to ▁ 1 5 9 1 ha . ▁ ▁Map leton ▁F alls ▁( 2 6 ha ) ▁became ▁a ▁national ▁park ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁after ▁being ▁a ▁reserve ▁for ▁recre ational ▁and ▁scen ic ▁purposes ▁for ▁ 3 8 ▁years . ▁Map leton ▁National ▁Park ▁( 1 0 0 6 4 ha ) ▁was ▁gaz ett ed ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁is ▁an ▁am alg am ation ▁of ▁Map leton ▁Forest ▁Reserve ▁and ▁Del icia ▁Road ▁Conserv ation ▁Park . ▁ ▁Fa una ▁The ▁park ▁provides ▁habitat ▁for ▁ 1 0 7 ▁bird ▁species . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁rare ▁P ouch ed ▁F rog . ▁The ▁vulner able ▁plant ▁species , ▁Mac ad am ia ▁integr ifolia , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Bo pp le ▁N ut , ▁grows ▁in ▁the ▁park . ▁ ▁Flora ▁Prote cted ▁within ▁the ▁park ▁is ▁rem nant ▁subt rop ical ▁rain for est . ▁The ▁park ▁contains ▁stands ▁of ▁pic c abe en ▁pal ms , ▁p ink ▁ash , ▁ho op ▁p ines ▁and ▁cas u ar inas ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁eu cal y pt ▁for ests ▁and ▁rain for est . ▁The ▁stand ▁of ▁b unya ▁p ines ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁e aster ly ▁in ▁Australia . ▁ ▁Walk ing ▁Tra cks ▁Pic nic
▁Creek ▁Circ uit ▁( Class ▁ 2 ) ▁ ▁Dist ance : ▁ 1 . 7 km ▁ ▁Time : ▁Allow ▁ 4 5 ▁minutes ▁ ▁K ond al illa ▁F alls ▁Circ uit ▁( Class ▁ 3 ) ▁ ▁Dist ance : ▁ 4 . 7 km ▁ ▁Time : ▁Allow ▁ 2 hr s ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Prote cted ▁areas ▁of ▁Queensland ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁K ond al illa ▁National ▁Park ▁ ▁Category : National ▁Park s ▁on ▁the ▁Sun sh ine ▁Coast , ▁Queensland ▁Category : Pro te cted ▁areas ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁Bar wa ada ▁is ▁an ▁inhab ited ▁place ▁in ▁G ov ind pur ▁CD ▁block ▁in ▁D han bad ▁Sad ar ▁sub div ision ▁of ▁D han bad ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁state ▁of ▁J h ark hand . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁Location ▁Bar wa ada ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁. ▁ ▁Bar wa ada ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁identified ▁as ▁a ▁separate ▁place ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁census . ▁As ▁per ▁map ▁of ▁G ov ind pur ▁CD ▁Block ▁on ▁page ▁ 1 2 1 ▁in ▁ ▁District ▁Census ▁Hand book , ▁D han bad ▁it ▁appears ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁Dam kar ab ar wa ▁mou za . ▁ ▁D han bad ▁Airport ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Bar wa ada . ▁ ▁Note : ▁The ▁map ▁alongside ▁presents ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁notable
▁locations ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁All ▁places ▁marked ▁in ▁the ▁map ▁are ▁linked ▁in ▁the ▁larger ▁full ▁screen ▁map . ▁ ▁Over view ▁The ▁region ▁shown ▁in ▁the ▁map ▁lies ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁of ▁D han bad ▁city ▁and ▁is ▁an ▁extensive ▁rural ▁area ▁with ▁villages ▁( part icular ly ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁areas ) ▁scattered ▁around ▁hills . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁many ▁sp urs ▁of ▁Par es hn ath ▁Hill ▁( 1 , 3 6 5 . 5 0 ▁m ), ▁situated ▁in ▁neighbour ing ▁Gir id ih ▁district , ▁passes ▁through ▁the ▁Top chan chi ▁and ▁T und i ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁district . ▁The ▁Bar ak ar ▁River ▁flows ▁along ▁the ▁northern ▁boundary . ▁The ▁region ▁shown ▁in ▁the ▁map ▁covers ▁several ▁CD ▁blocks ▁– ▁Top chan chi , ▁G ov ind pur , ▁T und i , ▁Pur bi ▁T und i ▁and ▁a ▁small ▁part ▁of ▁Bag hm ara . ▁The ▁Kol k ata - A gra ▁National ▁Highway ▁ 1 9 ▁( old ▁number ▁N H ▁ 2 )/ ▁Grand ▁Tr unk ▁Road ▁cut s ▁across ▁the ▁southern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁region . ▁ ▁Police ▁station ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁police ▁station ▁at ▁Bar wa ada . ▁ ▁Transport ▁Bar wa ada ▁B yp ass ▁Road ▁links ▁Bar wa ada ▁to ▁National ▁Highway ▁ 1 9 ▁( old ▁number ▁N H ▁ 2 )/ ▁Grand ▁Tr unk ▁Road . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁D han bad ▁district <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁French ▁Cover ed
▁Court ▁Championships ▁ ▁its ▁original ▁name ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁French ▁Cover ed ▁Court ▁Open ▁Championships ▁▁ ▁and ▁the ▁French ▁Ind o ors ▁▁ ▁was ▁a ▁tennis ▁event ▁held ▁from ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁through ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁in ▁Paris , ▁France ▁and ▁Lyon , ▁France . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁French ▁Cover ed ▁Court ▁Championships ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁the ▁Tennis ▁Club ▁de ▁Paris ▁the ▁original ▁location ▁was ▁R ue ▁de ▁C iv ry ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁arr ondissement ▁of ▁Paris ▁ ▁shortly ▁before ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁World ▁War ▁it ▁changed ▁location ▁to ▁Port ▁de ▁Saint ▁Cloud ▁until ▁shortly ▁after ▁the ▁ 2 nd ▁World ▁War ▁when ▁it ▁moved ▁again ▁to ▁its ▁current ▁location ▁at ▁ 9 1 ▁Bou lev ard ▁Ex elm ans , ▁Neu illy - A ute uil - Pass y , ▁Paris , ▁France . ▁The ▁club ▁still ▁exists ▁today , ▁it ▁originally ▁had ▁four ▁very ▁fast ▁Ind oor ▁( O ak ▁Par quet ▁Wood ) ▁courts ▁ ▁and ▁five ▁Out door ▁Clay ▁courts . ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁earliest ▁events ▁open ▁to ▁international ▁players ▁for ▁the ▁ind oor ▁event ▁the ▁st aging ▁of ▁the ▁tournament ▁t ended ▁to ▁fl uct uate ▁between ▁February , ▁April ▁and ▁November ▁ann ually ▁the ▁men ' s ▁competition ▁ceased ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁but ▁the ▁women ' s ▁continued ▁to ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁it ▁ran ▁for ▁ 6 9 ▁ed itions ▁and ▁was ▁an ▁early ▁prede cess
or ▁of ▁the ▁current ▁Paris ▁Masters . ▁ ▁Champions ▁Notes : ▁Challenge ▁Round : ▁The ▁Final ▁round ▁of ▁a ▁tournament , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁a ▁single - el im ination ▁phase ▁faces ▁the ▁previous ▁year ' s ▁champion , ▁who ▁plays ▁only ▁that ▁one ▁match . ▁The ▁challenge ▁round ▁was ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁history ▁of ▁tennis ▁( from ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁through ▁ 1 9 2 1 ) ▁in ▁some ▁tournament s ▁not ▁all . ▁( c ) ▁Ind ic ates ▁ch allen ger ▁ ▁Men ' s ▁singles ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁singles ▁Notes : ▁The ▁women ' s ▁tournament ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁were ▁played ▁twice ▁in ▁* ▁Paris ▁and ▁** ▁Lyon . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁F édération ▁Fran çaise ▁de ▁Tennis ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Ay re ' s ▁La wn ▁Tennis ▁Al man ack ▁And ▁Tournament ▁Guide , ▁A . ▁Wall is ▁My ers . ▁UK . ▁ ▁Dun lop ▁La wn ▁Tennis ▁Al man ack ▁and ▁Tournament ▁Guide , ▁G . P . ▁Hugh es , ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁Pub lished ▁by ▁Dun lop ▁Sports ▁Co . ▁Ltd ., ▁UK . ▁ ▁La wn ▁Tennis ▁and ▁Bad m inton ▁Mag az ines , ▁ 1 8 9 6 – 1 9 0 1 , ▁Am ateur ▁Sports ▁Publishing ▁Co . ▁Ltd ., ▁London , ▁UK . ▁ ▁La wn ▁Tennis ▁and ▁Cro quet ▁Mag az ines , ▁ 1 9
0 1 – 1 9 2 0 , ▁Am ateur ▁Sports ▁Publishing ▁Co . ▁Ltd ., ▁London , ▁UK . ▁ ▁L owe ' s ▁La wn ▁Tennis ▁Ann uals ▁and ▁Comp end ia , ▁L owe , ▁Sir ▁F . ▁Gordon , ▁E y re ▁& ▁Sp ott is wo ode , ▁London , ▁UK . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Tennis arch ives . com ▁– ▁French ▁Cover ed ▁Court ▁Championships ▁Roll ▁of ▁Hon our ▁ ▁Category : Def unct ▁tennis ▁tournament s ▁in ▁France ▁Category : Ind oor ▁tennis ▁tournament s ▁Category : W ood ▁court ▁tennis ▁tournament s <0x0A> </s> ▁Sy ng am ia ▁conv ul sa ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Cr amb idae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Mey rick ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 6 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Republic ▁of ▁Congo . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁Category : Sp il om el inae <0x0A> </s> ▁Rob ▁Mor r ison ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁former ▁television ▁journalist ▁and ▁news ▁anchor . ▁ ▁Career ▁Mor r ison ▁began ▁his ▁broadcast ing ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁combat ▁correspond ent ▁while ▁serving ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Marine ▁Corps . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁radio ▁disc ▁j ockey ▁and ▁news ▁anchor ▁and ▁rep orter ▁while ▁station ed ▁on ▁Ok ina wa , ▁Japan , ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁As ▁a ▁civil ian , ▁Mor r ison ▁began ▁his ▁career ▁at
▁W G MC - TV ▁in ▁Wor c ester , ▁Massachusetts . ▁He ▁later ▁worked ▁at ▁W W LP - TV ▁in ▁Spring field , ▁Massachusetts , ▁and ▁in ▁Hart ford , ▁Connecticut . ▁As ▁a ▁foreign ▁correspond ent , ▁he ▁reported ▁from ▁Ira q ▁and ▁Q atar ▁during ▁the ▁Second ▁G ulf ▁War ; ▁Afghan istan , ▁where ▁he ▁embedded ▁with ▁the ▁Mar ines ▁during ▁Operation ▁End uring ▁Fre edom ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 ; ▁and ▁H ait i . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁Mor r ison ▁began ▁a ▁nine - year ▁period ▁at ▁W N BC , ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁flags hip ▁station ▁of ▁the ▁N BC ▁television ▁network . ▁There ▁he ▁co - anch ored ▁Today ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁Week end ▁Today ▁in ▁New ▁York , ▁the ▁station ' s ▁early - mor ning , ▁local - news - and - ent ertain ment ▁television ▁program . ▁ ▁n ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁Mor r ison ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁station ' s ▁week end - even ing ▁new sc asts . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁made ▁a ▁co - anchor ▁of ▁the ▁week day ▁edition ▁of ▁Today ▁in ▁New ▁York , ▁alongside ▁Dar l ene ▁Rod rig uez , ▁and ▁stayed ▁in ▁that ▁position ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁when ▁he ▁left ▁the ▁station . ▁During ▁Mor r ison ' s ▁time ▁with ▁W N BC , ▁he ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁a
▁correspond ent ▁for ▁N BC ▁News , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁news ▁reader ▁for ▁Week end ▁Today , ▁also ▁an ▁early - mor ning , ▁news - and - ent ertain ment ▁television ▁program ▁and ▁a ▁production ▁of ▁N BC ▁News . ▁ ▁After ▁leaving ▁W N BC ▁and ▁N BC , ▁Mor r ison ▁wrote ▁a ▁blog , ▁D addy ▁Di aries ▁Conf essions ▁of ▁a ▁St ay - at - Home ▁An ch orm an , ▁which ▁was ▁published ▁on ▁The ▁H uff ington ▁Post , ▁a ▁news ▁website ▁and ▁content - aggreg ating ▁blog . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁he ▁joined ▁W C BS , ▁a ▁local ▁broadcast - tele vision ▁station ▁also ▁located ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁and ▁the ▁flags hip ▁station ▁of ▁the ▁CBS ▁broadcast - tele vision ▁network ▁where ▁Mor r ison ▁has ▁anch ored ▁the ▁station ' s ▁morning ▁and ▁evening ▁week end ▁new sc asts . ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁co - anchor , ▁with ▁Mary ▁Cal vi , ▁of ▁the ▁week day ▁ed itions ▁of ▁CBS ▁ 2 ▁News ▁This ▁Mor ning , ▁the ▁station ' s ▁early - mor ning ▁news ▁program , ▁and ▁on ▁new sc asts ▁beginning ▁January ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Mor r ison ▁res igned ▁from ▁his ▁$ 3 0 0 , 0 0 0 -
a - year ▁position ▁at ▁W C BS - TV . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁His ▁wife , ▁Ash ley ▁Mor r ison ▁( née ▁R isk ), ▁a ▁business ▁anchor ▁for ▁CBS ▁M oney Watch , ▁was ▁an ▁anchor ▁and ▁rep orter ▁with ▁Blo om berg ▁Television ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁couple ▁and ▁their ▁son , ▁Jack , ▁moved ▁from ▁Manh attan ▁to ▁Dar ien , ▁Connecticut . ▁ ▁Leg al ▁troubles ▁ ▁Dom estic ▁violence ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁police ▁had ▁arrested ▁Mor r ison ▁for ▁alleg edly ▁assault ing ▁his ▁wife ▁while ▁the ▁couple ▁lived ▁in ▁Manh attan . ▁Dar ien ▁police ▁had ▁been ▁called ▁to ▁their ▁Connecticut ▁home ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁arrest ing ▁Mor r ison ▁for ▁dis order ly ▁conduct ▁in ▁an ▁incident ▁involving ▁his ▁wife , ▁and ▁respond ed ▁to ▁another ▁domestic ▁disturb ance ▁there ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Mor r ison ▁was ▁arrested ▁in ▁his ▁home ▁at ▁approximately ▁ 1 : 3 0 a . m . ▁Sunday , ▁February ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁and ▁charged ▁with ▁second - deg ree ▁str ang ulation , ▁second - deg ree ▁threaten ing ▁and ▁dis order ly ▁conduct ▁for ▁alleg edly ▁ch oking ▁his ▁wife . ▁ ▁Judge ▁Kenneth ▁P ov
od ator ▁defined ▁a ▁protect ive ▁order ▁against ▁him , ▁forb idd ing ▁contact ▁with ▁his ▁wife ▁and ▁to ▁remain ▁ 1 0 0 ▁yards ▁away ▁from ▁her . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Mor r ison ▁ple aded ▁guilty ▁to ▁threaten ing ▁and ▁bre ach ▁of ▁peace ▁charges ▁and ▁the ▁str ang ulation ▁charge ▁was ▁dropped ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Har ass ment ▁call ▁charges ▁Mor r ison ▁was ▁arrested ▁again ▁on ▁Monday , ▁June ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁after ▁calling ▁his ▁wife ▁Ash ley ▁Mor r ison ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 0 ▁times ▁over ▁several ▁days ▁the ▁previous ▁month . ▁He ▁was ▁charged ▁with ▁criminal ▁viol ation ▁of ▁a ▁protection ▁order ▁and ▁second - deg ree ▁har ass ment ▁after ▁turning ▁himself ▁in ▁on ▁a ▁war rant ▁about ▁ 6 PM . ▁He ▁later ▁ple aded ▁guilty ▁to ▁har ass ment ▁charges ▁against ▁his ▁wife ▁Ash ley ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁sent enced ▁to ▁six ▁months ▁prob ation . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List s ▁of ▁journal ists ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁people ▁from ▁Connecticut ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁people ▁from ▁Massachusetts ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁people ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁television ▁rep or ters ▁ ▁Media ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁non
- f iction ▁writers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁non - f iction ▁writers ▁Category : American ▁blog gers ▁Category : American ▁radio ▁DJ s ▁Category : American ▁war ▁correspond ents ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : N BC ▁News ▁people ▁Category : T ele vision ▁anch ors ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Dar ien , ▁Connecticut ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁Hart ford , ▁Connecticut ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Ok ina wa ▁Pref ect ure ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Spring field , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Wor c ester , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Mar ines ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Louis ▁Edward ▁S atter field ▁( A pril ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁– ▁September ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁bass ▁and ▁trom bone ▁player , ▁primarily ▁noted ▁as ▁a ▁session ▁music ian ▁and ▁for ▁his ▁t ours ▁as ▁a ▁side man ▁with ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁highly ▁visible ▁and ▁commer cially ▁successful ▁bl ues ▁rock ▁perform ers ▁including ▁B . B . ▁King , ▁M ud dy ▁W aters , ▁How lin ' ▁Wolf , ▁Earth , ▁Wind ▁& ▁Fire , ▁and ▁Phil ▁Collins . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁bass ▁teacher , ▁most ▁not ably ▁of ▁Verd ine ▁White .
▁ ▁Biography ▁and ▁career ▁S atter field ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Shaw , ▁Mississippi , ▁a ▁city ▁in ▁Boliv ar ▁and ▁Sun flow er ▁count ies , ▁Mississippi , ▁in ▁the ▁Mississippi ▁D elta ▁region , ▁on ▁April ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁ ▁In ▁late ▁ 1 9 5 0 s – ear ly ▁ 1 9 6 0 s , ▁S atter field , ▁Charles ▁Hand y ▁on ▁tr ump et , ▁and ▁Don ▁My rick ▁on ▁alto ▁sa x oph one ▁formed ▁The ▁Jazz men , ▁a ▁student ▁jazz ▁tri o ▁at ▁C rane ▁Junior ▁College ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁Illinois . ▁They ▁were ▁joined ▁by ▁Fred ▁Hum ph rey ▁on ▁piano , ▁Ernest ▁Mc Car thy ▁on ▁bass ▁guitar , ▁and ▁Maurice ▁White ▁on ▁drums . ▁S atter field ▁as ▁a ▁session ▁bass ist , ▁White , ▁and ▁Hand y ▁were ▁studio ▁mus icians ▁at ▁Ch ess ▁Records ▁in ▁Chicago . ▁S atter field ▁most ▁memor able ▁contribution ▁being ▁the ▁bass line ▁to ▁Font ella ▁Bass ' s ▁" Res cue ▁Me ". ▁The ▁Jazz men ▁collabor ations ▁and ▁live ▁concert s ▁with ▁Philip ▁C oh ran ▁and ▁the ▁Art istic ▁Heritage ▁Ens emble ▁at ▁the ▁Aff ro ▁Arts ▁Theater ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁of ▁Chicago ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁form ▁The ▁Ph ara oh s . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁the ▁band ▁recorded ▁its ▁first ▁and ▁only ▁studio ▁album ▁The ▁Aw ak ening , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁In ▁the ▁Bas ement
, ▁an ▁album ▁re iss ued ▁by ▁Lu v ▁N ' ▁Ha ight ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁that ▁features ▁four ▁tracks ▁recorded ▁live ▁at ▁High ▁Chap ar ral ▁in ▁Chicago , ▁a ▁track ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁master ▁t apes ▁for ▁The ▁Aw ak ening ▁album , ▁and ▁" L ove ▁and ▁H app iness ", ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁B - side ▁of ▁" Fre edom ▁Road " ▁single ▁for ▁Sc arab ▁Records . ▁ ▁The ▁in ception ▁of ▁the ▁Ph enix ▁Horn s , ▁the ▁main ▁horn ▁section ▁for ▁Earth , ▁Wind ▁& ▁Fire ▁and ▁Phil ▁Collins , ▁originally ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁E WF ▁Horn s , ▁came ▁about ▁through ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁connections ▁centered ▁around ▁S atter field . ▁White ' s ▁brother ▁Verd ine ▁soon ▁joined ▁the ▁fled g ling ▁group ▁on ▁bass , ▁and ▁Maurice ▁expanded ▁the ▁band ' s ▁tim br al ▁p alette ▁to ▁include ▁horn s . ▁S atter field ' s ▁band m ates ▁from ▁The ▁Ph ara oh s , ▁sa x oph on ist ▁Don ▁My rick ▁and ▁tr ump eter ▁Rah m lee ▁Michael ▁Davis , ▁joined ▁the ▁group , ▁along ▁with ▁lead ▁tr ump et ▁player ▁Michael ▁Harris , ▁and ▁featured ▁fla ut ist ▁and ▁sa x oph on ist ▁Ron nie ▁La ws . ▁Verd ine ▁White ▁and ▁Louis ▁S atter field ▁wrote ▁a ▁book , ▁Play ing ▁the ▁Bass ▁Gu itar , ▁first ▁published ▁by ▁Al mo ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁ 1 9
7 9 ▁saw ▁the ▁arrival ▁and ▁almost ▁immediate ▁departure ▁of ▁third ▁tr ump et ▁El mar ▁Brown ▁for ▁the ▁recording ▁of ▁the ▁album ▁I ▁Am . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁the ▁f ours ome ▁joined ▁Gen esis ▁drum mer ▁Phil ▁Collins ▁and ▁producer ▁Hugh ▁Pad g ham ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁for ▁the ▁recording ▁of ▁Collins ' s ▁debut ▁solo ▁album , ▁Face ▁Value . ▁Five ▁of ▁the ▁mus ically ▁diverse ▁album ' s ▁ 1 2 ▁tracks ▁featured ▁horn s , ▁with ▁a ▁sixth , ▁a ▁rend ition ▁of ▁the ▁Beat les ' ▁" Tom orrow ▁Never ▁Kn ows ", ▁featuring ▁electron ically ▁manip ulated ▁samples ▁of ▁the ▁section . ▁The ▁group ' s ▁extreme ▁precision ▁was ▁put ▁to ▁good ▁use ▁in ▁up - tem po ▁numbers ▁like ▁" Be hind ▁the ▁L ines " ▁and ▁the ▁mostly ▁instrument al ▁" Hand ▁in ▁Hand ". ▁The ▁section ▁also ▁joined ▁Collins ' s ▁band ▁Gen esis ▁on ▁the ▁song ▁" No ▁Rep ly ▁at ▁All " ▁on ▁their ▁album ▁Ab ac ab , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁on ▁" P aper late ", ▁a ▁song ▁from ▁the ▁band ' s ▁EP ▁ 3 X 3 , ▁which ▁was ▁also ▁included ▁on ▁the ▁U . S . ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁album ▁Three ▁S ides ▁Live . ▁ ▁The ▁f ours ome ▁developed ▁a ▁strong ▁kin ship ▁with ▁Collins ▁and ▁elected ▁to ▁join ▁him ▁on ▁tour ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁recording ▁of ▁subsequent ▁albums , ▁while ▁still ▁performing ▁and ▁recording ▁with ▁E WF ▁inter mitt
ently . ▁Early ▁concert ▁foot age ▁shows ▁the ▁section ▁doing ▁consider ably ▁more ▁than ▁playing ▁their ▁instruments ▁by ▁singing ▁and ▁playing ▁per cussion ▁on ▁virt ually ▁every ▁song ▁that ▁does ▁not ▁feature ▁horn s . ▁During ▁the ▁extended ▁intro ▁to ▁" Hand ▁in ▁Hand ", ▁the ▁f ours ome ▁join ▁Collins ▁at ▁the ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁stage ▁for ▁a ▁vocal ▁call ▁and ▁response . ▁S atter field ▁played ▁bar it one ▁sa x oph one ▁to ▁bright en ▁the ▁section ' s ▁sound ▁for ▁certain ▁parts . ▁Following ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 – 1 9 8 6 ▁tour , ▁Michael ▁Harris ▁depart ed ▁the ▁group ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁Harry ▁Kim , ▁and ▁the ▁horn ▁section ▁saw ▁a ▁dimin ished ▁role ▁in ▁Col lin ' s ▁live ▁show . ▁Following ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁live ▁album ▁and ▁video ▁Ser ious ▁H its ... ▁Live ! ▁Don ▁My rick ▁also ▁depart ed , ▁largely ▁due ▁to ▁continued ▁strugg les ▁with ▁drug ▁add iction . ▁My rick ▁was ▁shot ▁to ▁death ▁by ▁a ▁Santa ▁Mon ica ▁Police ▁Department ▁officer ▁in ▁the ▁door way ▁of ▁his ▁home ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁He ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁erst while ▁E WF ▁co - s ax oph on ist ▁Andrew ▁W ool folk . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁recording ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 6 ' s ▁Dance ▁into ▁the ▁Light , ▁the ▁Ph enix ▁Horn s ▁had ▁dissol ved . ▁They ▁were ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁V ine ▁Street ▁Horn s
, ▁featuring ▁Ph enix ▁Horn s ▁rep lac ements ▁W ool folk ▁and ▁Harry ▁Kim ▁along ▁with ▁ 2 nd ▁tr ump et ▁Daniel ▁For nero , ▁and ▁trom bon ist ▁Art uro ▁Vel as co . ▁ ▁Louis ▁S atter field ▁returned ▁to ▁performing ▁until ▁his ▁death ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁in ▁Chicago . ▁He ▁was ▁ 6 7 . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Louis ▁S atter field ▁at ▁Find ▁a ▁Gra ve ▁▁▁ ▁Ph enix ▁Horn s ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 4 ▁death s ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁mus icians ▁Category : American ▁fun k ▁bass ▁guitar ists ▁Category : American ▁male ▁bass ▁guitar ists ▁Category : American ▁fun k ▁trom bon ists ▁Category : American ▁jazz ▁bass ▁guitar ists ▁Category : American ▁jazz ▁trom bon ists ▁Category : M ale ▁trom bon ists ▁Category : American ▁rh ythm ▁and ▁bl ues ▁bass ▁guitar ists ▁Category : American ▁session ▁mus icians ▁Category : American ▁male ▁sing ers ▁Category : American ▁sing ers ▁Category : E arth , ▁Wind ▁& ▁Fire ▁members ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Shaw , ▁Mississippi ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁guitar ists ▁Category : J azz ▁mus icians ▁from ▁Mississippi ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁trom bon ists ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁bass ▁guitar ists ▁Category
: M ale ▁jazz ▁mus icians ▁Category : The ▁Ph ara oh s ▁members <0x0A> </s> ▁An nie ▁is ▁the ▁sixth ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁Anne ▁Murray ▁issued ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁on ▁Capit ol ▁Records . ▁It ▁pe aked ▁at ▁number ▁ 1 4 ▁on ▁the ▁Billboard ▁Country ▁Albums ▁chart ▁and ▁number ▁ 1 4 3 ▁on ▁the ▁Billboard ▁Pop ▁Albums ▁chart . ▁The ▁album ▁title ▁was ▁inspired ▁by ▁her ▁pet ▁name . ▁It ▁won ▁the ▁Best ▁Produ ced ▁M OR ▁Album ▁for ▁Brian ▁Ah ern ▁who ▁also ▁arranged ▁the ▁album . ▁The ▁front ▁cover ▁was ▁cred ited ▁to ▁Dean ▁Tor rence ▁of ▁Jan ▁& ▁Dean ▁fame . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁" Rob bie ' s ▁Song ▁for ▁Jesus " ▁( Rob bie ▁Mac Ne ill ) ▁- ▁ 2 : 3 7 ▁ ▁" F alling ▁In to ▁Rh yme " ▁( Mar ib eth ▁Sol omon ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 0 2 ▁ ▁" I ▁Like ▁Your ▁Music " ▁( S on ny ▁Curt is ) ▁- ▁ 2 : 3 5 ▁ ▁" Every thing ▁Has ▁Got ▁to ▁Be ▁Free " ▁( B od ie ▁Ch and ler ) ▁- ▁ 2 : 3 9 ▁ ▁" D rown ▁Me " ▁( Peter ▁Corn ell ) ▁- ▁ 2 : 5 0 ▁ ▁" You ▁Can ' t ▁Have ▁a ▁Hand ▁on ▁Me " ▁( B illy ▁G ale ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 0 5 ▁ ▁" You ▁Made ▁My ▁Life ▁a ▁Song " ▁(
C urt is ) ▁- ▁ 2 : 1 7 ▁ ▁" You ▁Can ' t ▁Go ▁Back " ▁( Paul ▁Gr ady ) ▁- ▁ 2 : 2 3 ▁ ▁" Be aut iful " ▁( Car ole ▁King ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 0 3 ▁ ▁" Every thing ' s ▁Be en ▁Ch anged " ▁( Paul ▁An ka ) ▁- ▁ 4 : 0 3 ▁ ▁Person nel ▁Anne ▁Murray ▁- ▁vocals ▁Mus icians : ▁Andy ▁C ree , ▁Bill ▁Spe er , ▁Br ent ▁Tit comb , ▁Brian ▁Ah ern , ▁Don ▁Thompson , ▁Sk ip ▁Beck with ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 2 ▁albums ▁Category : An ne ▁Murray ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Brian ▁Ah ern ▁( produ cer ) ▁Category : Cap it ol ▁Records ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Su omen ni emi ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁municipality ▁of ▁Finland . ▁It ▁was ▁cons olid ated ▁with ▁Mik k eli ▁on ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁province ▁of ▁Southern ▁Finland ▁and ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁K are lia ▁region . ▁The ▁municipality ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ ▁() ▁and ▁covered ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ ▁of ▁which ▁ ▁is ▁water . ▁The ▁population ▁density ▁is ▁. ▁The ▁municipality ▁had ▁the ▁smallest ▁population ▁of ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁main land . ▁ ▁The ▁municipality ▁was ▁un iling ually ▁Finn ish . ▁ ▁People ▁born ▁in ▁Su omen ni emi ▁Wille ▁S är kk
ä ▁( 1 8 7 7 ▁– ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁J alm ari ▁R öt kö ▁( 1 8 9 2 ▁– ▁ 1 9 3 8 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Municip ality ▁of ▁Su omen ni emi ▁– ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁go Sa ima a . com ▁– ▁travel ▁information ▁ ▁Category : M unicip al ities ▁of ▁South ▁K are lia <0x0A> </s> ▁Tar id alu ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁state ▁of ▁K arn ata ka , ▁India . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁G aur ib idan ur ▁tal uk ▁of ▁Ch ikk ab al lap ura ▁district ▁in ▁K arn ata ka . ▁It ▁is ▁situated ▁ 2 7 ▁km ▁away ▁from ▁sub - d istrict ▁head qu arter ▁G aur ib idan ur ▁and ▁ 3 8 ▁km ▁away ▁from ▁district ▁head qu arter ▁Ch ikk ab al lap ura . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁According ▁to ▁Census ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁information ▁the ▁location ▁code ▁or ▁village ▁code ▁of ▁Tar id alu ▁village ▁is ▁ 6 2 3 3 6 3 .. ▁ ▁Tar id alu ▁village ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁gram ▁pan ch ay at . ▁Vill ages ▁comes ▁under ▁Tar id alu ▁gram ▁Pan ch ay at ▁are ▁Ve er am man ah al li , ▁Tar id alu , ▁Som ash at ty hal li , ▁Nach ak unte ▁and ▁Dy avas andra . ▁ ▁The ▁total ▁ge ographical ▁area ▁of ▁village ▁is ▁ 5 9
7 . 9 3 ▁hect ares . ▁Tar id alu ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 , 7 1 8 ▁pe op les ▁with ▁ 8 7 3 ▁males ▁and ▁ 8 4 5 ▁females . ▁There ▁are ▁about ▁ 4 4 2 ▁houses ▁in ▁Tar id alu ▁village . ▁G aur ib idan ur ▁is ▁nearest ▁town ▁to ▁Tar id alu ▁which ▁is ▁approximately ▁ 2 7 ▁km ▁away . ▁ ▁Econom y ▁People ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁Tar id alu ▁village ▁grow ▁very ▁much ▁ma ize , ▁mil let ▁sil k , ▁etc . ▁The ▁major ▁occup ations ▁of ▁the ▁residents ▁of ▁Tar id alu ▁are ▁da iry ▁far ming . ▁The ▁da iry ▁co oper ative ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁individual ▁milk ▁supp lying ▁co oper ative ▁in ▁the ▁state . ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁Tar id alu ▁has ▁below ▁types ▁of ▁facilities . ▁▁ ▁Government ▁higher ▁primary ▁School ▁ ▁Tar id alu ▁K M F ▁( K arn ata ka ▁Mil k ▁Federation ) ▁D air y ▁ ▁Tar id alu ▁Gram ▁Pan ch ay at ▁Office ▁ ▁Post ▁Office ▁ ▁Gram ▁Pan ch ay at ▁Library ▁ ▁Tem ples ▁▁ ▁Sh anim ah ath ma ▁Sw amy ▁Temple ▁ ▁Mas j id ▁E ▁No or ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁https :// ch ikk ab al lap ur . nic . in / en / ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Ch ikk ab al lap ur ▁district <0x0A> </s> ▁L viv ▁Today ▁is ▁a ▁Ukrain ian ▁English
- language ▁magazine ▁published ▁in ▁L viv , ▁Ukraine . ▁ ▁History ▁and ▁profile ▁L viv ▁Today ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁The ▁magazine ▁is ▁owned ▁and ▁issued ▁by ▁English ▁journalist ▁Peter ▁Dick inson ▁who ▁moved ▁to ▁Ukraine ▁roughly ▁ten ▁years ▁ago . ▁▁ ▁The ▁magazine ▁focus es ▁on ▁foreign ▁business men , ▁polit icians , ▁tour ists , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁on ▁local ▁residents . ▁Its ▁content ▁includes ▁information ▁about ▁business , ▁advert is ement ▁and ▁entertain ment ▁spher es ▁in ▁L viv , ▁and ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁general . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Andrew ▁Lewis ▁was ▁appointed ▁editor - in - ch ief ▁of ▁the ▁magazine . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁mag az ines ▁in ▁Ukraine ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Ukraine ▁Category : Mag az ines ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Category : Month ly ▁mag az ines ▁Category : U k rain ian ▁mag az ines ▁Category : English - language ▁mag az ines ▁Category : M ass ▁media ▁in ▁L viv ▁Category : Local ▁interest ▁mag az ines <0x0A> </s> ▁Carolina ▁S oto ▁Los ada ▁is ▁the ▁current ▁High ▁President ial ▁Coun s ell or ▁for ▁Government , ▁Private ▁S ector ▁and ▁Compet it iveness ▁of ▁Colombia . ▁Before ▁holding ▁such ▁post , ▁She ▁was ▁Deput y ▁Minister ▁of ▁Fin ance ▁and ▁Public ▁Cred it ▁of ▁Colombia . ▁She ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁Ale j andro ▁G avi ria ▁Uri
be , ▁the ▁current ▁Minister ▁of ▁Health ▁and ▁Social ▁Prote ction ▁of ▁Colombia . ▁ ▁Career ▁On ▁ 5 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁President ▁Juan ▁Manuel ▁Santos ▁Cal der ón ▁appointed ▁S oto ▁as ▁Deput y ▁Minister ▁of ▁Fin ance ▁and ▁Public ▁Cred it ▁of ▁Colombia . ▁ ▁Selected ▁works ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Los ▁And es ▁( Col omb ia ) ▁al umn i ▁Category : Sch ool ▁of ▁International ▁and ▁Public ▁Affairs , ▁Columbia ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Col omb ian ▁econom ists ▁Category : Col omb ian ▁women ▁in ▁politics <0x0A> </s> ▁Le ov ig ild o ▁López ▁F itor ia ▁( J une ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁– ▁August ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Nic ar agu an ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁bishop . ▁ ▁Ord ained ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁López ▁F itor ia ▁served ▁as ▁bishop ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁Gran ada , ▁Nic ar agua ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁death s ▁Category : N ic ar agu an ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁b ish ops <0x0A> </s> ▁D io ▁Le qu
ag lie ▁( born ▁October ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁in ▁C iv it ave c chia ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁beach ▁vol ley ball ▁player ▁from ▁Italy . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁bronze ▁medal ▁at ▁the ▁first ▁official ▁European ▁Championships ▁in ▁men ' s ▁beach ▁vol ley ball , ▁partner ing ▁Andrea ▁G hi urg hi . ▁ ▁Play ing ▁partners ▁ ▁Pier o ▁Anton ini ▁ ▁Giuseppe ▁B ua ▁ ▁F os co ▁Cic ola ▁ ▁En rico ▁Cor set ti ▁ ▁Giovanni ▁Er rich iel lo ▁ ▁Andrea ▁G hi urg hi ▁ ▁Ric c ardo ▁L ione ▁ ▁Gian ni ▁M asc agna ▁ ▁Maur izio ▁P im pon i ▁ ▁Marco ▁Sol ust ri ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ital ian ▁beach ▁vol ley ball ▁players ▁Category : Men ' s ▁beach ▁vol ley ball ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁SN P STR ▁is ▁a ▁comp ound ▁gen etic ▁marker ▁composed ▁of ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁SN P s ▁and ▁one ▁mic ros at ellite ▁( STR ). ▁Aut os om al ▁SN P STR s , ▁which ▁contain ▁a ▁SN P ▁and ▁a ▁mic ros at ellite ▁within ▁ 5 0 0 ▁base ▁pairs ▁of ▁one ▁another , ▁were ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁More ▁recently ▁a ▁database ▁that ▁contains ▁all ▁SN P STR s ▁in ▁five ▁model ▁genom es , ▁including ▁human ,
▁has ▁been ▁created . ▁ ▁Us age ▁and ▁importance ▁ ▁There ▁has ▁been ▁w ides p read ▁and ▁growing ▁interest ▁in ▁gen etic ▁markers ▁suitable ▁for ▁drawing ▁population ▁gen etic ▁infer ences ▁about ▁past ▁dem ographic ▁events ▁and ▁to ▁detect ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁selection . ▁Single ▁nucle ot ide ▁polym orph isms ▁( SN P s ) ▁and ▁mic ros at ell ites ▁( or ▁short ▁tan dem ▁repe ats , ▁STR s ) ▁have ▁received ▁great ▁attention ▁in ▁the ▁analysis ▁of ▁human ▁population ▁history , ▁even ▁though ▁they ▁have ▁both ▁dis adv antages . ▁It ▁was ▁thus ▁suggested ▁that ▁the ▁combination ▁of ▁these ▁two ▁markers ▁could ▁give ▁rise ▁to ▁better ▁conclus ions ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Bi ological ▁database ▁Population ▁gen et ics ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Rep et itive ▁DNA ▁sequences ▁Category : Gen et ics <0x0A> </s> ▁Att ila ▁Simon ▁( born ▁ 2 3 ▁September ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁in ▁Sal g ó tar ján ) ▁is ▁a ▁Hung arian ▁football ▁player ▁who ▁currently ▁plays ▁for ▁Ré p cel aki ▁SE . ▁He ▁has ▁a ▁younger ▁brother , ▁And rás , ▁who ▁currently ▁plays ▁for ▁Gy ő ri ▁E TO . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁▁ ▁Hung arian ▁League : ▁ ▁Run ner - up : ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ ▁Hung arian ▁Second ▁Division : ▁ ▁W inner : ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁H LS Z ▁UEFA ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category :
Pe ople ▁from ▁Sal g ó tar ján ▁Category : H ung arian ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards ▁Category : MT K ▁Budapest ▁FC ▁players ▁Category : S z omb ath ely i ▁Hal ad ás ▁football ers ▁Category : S op ron i ▁V SE ▁players ▁Category : N y í reg y há za ▁Spart ac us ▁FC ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Qu ita ▁Sue ño ▁Bank ▁( c laimed ▁as ▁Qu itas ue ño ) ▁is ▁a ▁re ef ▁formation ▁of ▁Colombia ▁which ▁was ▁once ▁claimed ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁located ▁ 1 1 0 km ▁North - n ortheast ▁of ▁Prov iden cia ▁Island . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 9 , ▁James ▁Jen nett ▁claimed ▁the ▁bank ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁under ▁the ▁Gu ano ▁Islands ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 8 5 6 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Colombia ▁signed ▁a ▁treat y ▁( rat ified ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 ) ▁that ▁abandoned ▁the ▁U . S . ▁claim ▁to ▁the ▁re ef . ▁Un like ▁some ▁islands ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁treat y ▁that ▁were ▁c eded ▁to ▁Colombia , ▁Qu ita ▁Sue ño ▁Bank ▁was ▁regarded ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁as ▁having ▁no ▁emer gent ▁land ▁and ▁thus ▁in el ig ible ▁for ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁a ▁so vere ig nt y ▁claim . ▁R ather ▁than ▁being ▁c eded ▁to ▁any ▁particular ▁nation , ▁the ▁claim ▁was ▁simply ▁abandoned ▁with
▁American ▁fish ing ▁rights ▁retained . ▁Colombia , ▁which ▁had ▁also ▁made ▁previous ▁claims ▁on ▁the ▁re ef , ▁cons iders ▁the ▁bank ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁its ▁San ▁And res ▁and ▁Prov iden cia ▁Department . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁northern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁eastern ▁re ef ▁is ▁Qu ita ▁Sue ño ▁Light . ▁The ▁location ▁is ▁named ▁C ay o ▁Qu itas ue ño ▁on ▁the ▁official ▁na ut ical ▁chart ▁at ▁, ▁but ▁no ▁emer gent ▁land ▁is ▁indicated ▁around ▁the ▁l ighth ouse . ▁The ▁light ▁is ▁ere cted ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁a ▁square ▁platform . ▁This ▁l ighth ouse ▁had ▁originally ▁been ▁established ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁The ▁current ▁structure ▁is ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁It ▁is ▁now ▁called ▁Far o ▁Qu itas ue ño ▁Norte ▁since ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁a ▁second ▁l ighth ouse ▁Far o ▁Qu itas ue ño ▁Sur ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁re ef ▁at ▁. ▁ ▁Nic ar agua ▁also ▁had ▁a ▁claim ▁to ▁the ▁bank . ▁On ▁November ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁the ▁International ▁Court ▁of ▁Justice ▁in ▁The ▁H ague ▁ruled ▁the ▁bank ▁is ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁Colombia . ▁The ▁IC J ▁found ▁that ▁only ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 4 ▁features ▁identified ▁by ▁Nic ar agua ▁in ▁Qu itas ue ño ▁is ▁an ▁island ▁at ▁high ▁t ide ▁and ▁thus ▁el ig ible ▁for ▁a ▁so vere
ig nt y ▁claim . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Gu ano ▁Island ▁claims ▁ ▁Category : Is lands ▁claimed ▁under ▁the ▁Gu ano ▁Islands ▁Act ▁Category : Form er ▁regions ▁and ▁territ ories ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Intern ational ▁territorial ▁disput es ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : T er rit orial ▁disput es ▁of ▁Colombia ▁Category : T er rit orial ▁disput es ▁of ▁Nic ar agua ▁Category : Is lands ▁of ▁the ▁Arch ip el ago ▁of ▁San ▁And rés , ▁Prov iden cia ▁and ▁Santa ▁Catal ina ▁Category : Re ef s ▁of ▁Colombia ▁Category : Car ib bean ▁islands ▁of ▁Colombia ▁Category : Form er ▁disput ed ▁islands <0x0A> </s> ▁S ands ink ers ▁are ▁lead - free ▁fish ing ▁sink ers ▁made ▁of ▁fabric ▁and ▁filled ▁with ▁sand . ▁Although ▁they ▁do ▁not ▁cast ▁as ▁easily ▁or ▁as ▁far ▁for ▁sur f ▁fish ing , ▁they ▁are ▁a ▁health y ▁alternative ▁to ▁lead ▁for ▁fish ing ▁from ▁j ett ies ▁or ▁any ▁situation ▁where ▁casting ▁distance ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁prime ▁consideration . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁S ands ink ers : ▁A ▁Simple ▁Way ▁to ▁Make ▁S ink ers ▁with ▁Fab ric ▁and ▁Sand ▁and ▁Without ▁Le ad ▁Retrieved ▁from ▁ ▁November ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁Category : F ishing ▁equipment <0x0A> </s> ▁Army ▁United ▁Football ▁Club ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁Th ai ▁football ▁club ▁under ▁the ▁ste ward ship ▁of ▁Royal ▁Th ai ▁Army ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁Din
▁Da eng ▁District ▁of ▁Bang k ok ▁and ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁oldest ▁continu ing ▁football ▁club ▁in ▁Asia ▁until ▁they ▁decided ▁to ▁dis continue ▁the ▁club ▁in ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁season ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁with ▁ 1 0 3 ▁years ▁old . ▁The ▁club ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁and ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁Royal ▁Th ai ▁Army ▁until ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁Their ▁home ▁stad ium ▁is ▁known ▁locally ▁as ▁the ▁Th ai ▁Army ▁Sports ▁Stadium ▁and ▁more ▁widely ▁known ▁around ▁Asian ▁circles ▁as ▁the ▁Royal ▁Th ai ▁Army ▁Stadium ▁of ▁which ▁has ▁been ▁host ▁to ▁numerous ▁international ▁youth ▁matches ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁central ▁Bang k ok ▁location . ▁The ▁club ▁play ▁in ▁red ▁sh ir ts ▁with ▁red ▁short s ▁and ▁red ▁so cks . ▁Despite ▁finishing ▁bottom ▁of ▁the ▁Th ai ▁Premier ▁League ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁they ▁managed ▁to ▁reg ain ▁their ▁top - fl ight ▁status ▁after ▁winning ▁Group ▁B ▁of ▁the ▁Th ai ▁League ▁Play - off ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁History ▁Army ▁United ▁represents ▁the ▁Royal ▁Th ai ▁Army ▁and ▁has ▁tradition ally ▁been ▁Th ailand ' s ▁yo - yo ▁club ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁Navy ▁and ▁Police ▁clubs . ▁Up ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁and ▁the ▁name ▁change ▁from ▁the ▁Royal ▁Th ai ▁Army ▁to ▁Army ▁United , ▁the ▁club ▁lack ed ▁support ▁and ▁had ▁dw ind ling ▁crow ds , ▁mainly ▁supported ▁by ▁Army ▁personnel ▁sh ipped ▁in
▁for ▁the ▁games . ▁ ▁The ▁Army ▁team ▁has ▁always ▁been ▁a ▁mid ▁ranking ▁Th ai ▁team ▁with ▁their ▁biggest ▁success es ▁coming ▁in ▁the ▁Th ai ▁Division ▁ 1 ▁League ▁with ▁a ▁championship ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 – 0 5 ▁season ▁and ▁ 2 nd ▁place ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Both ▁of ▁these ▁success es ▁have ▁of ▁course ▁come ▁after ▁re leg ation ▁from ▁the ▁Th ai ▁League . ▁ ▁The ▁club ▁are ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁Din ▁Da eng ▁District ▁of ▁Central ▁Bang k ok , ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁area ▁that ▁bases ▁the ▁Royal ▁Th ai ▁Army . ▁Up ▁until ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁season , ▁the ▁club ▁operated ▁a ▁policy ▁of ▁only ▁playing ▁hom eg rown ▁talent ▁but ▁d itch ed ▁this ▁as ▁the ▁game ▁became ▁more ▁professional ▁and ▁foreign ▁players ▁were ▁brought ▁into ▁the ▁team . ▁Pre viously ▁the ▁players ▁would ▁work ▁for ▁the ▁Army ▁during ▁the ▁week ▁and ▁play ▁football ▁on ▁week ends , ▁somewhat ▁different ▁from ▁most ▁clubs ▁who ▁operated ▁on ▁a ▁full - time ▁basis . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁season , ▁they ▁were ▁repr ieved ▁from ▁re leg ation ▁after ▁an ▁end ▁of ▁season ▁re leg ation / play off ▁system ▁was ▁announced ▁to ▁expand ▁the ▁Th ai ▁Premier ▁League . ▁They ▁came ▁ 1 6 th ▁in ▁that ▁season ▁and ▁in ▁a ▁normal ▁season ▁they ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁re leg ated . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁re brand ed
▁Army ▁United ▁signed ▁five ▁Bra z ili ans ▁and ▁surprised ▁all ▁expect ations ▁as ▁they ▁to pped ▁the ▁T PL ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁weeks ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁Crow ds ▁rose ▁from ▁a ▁few ▁hundred ▁hard y ▁sou ls ▁to ▁a ▁season ▁average ▁of ▁ 5 , 5 8 0 . ▁Le andro ▁D os ▁Santos ▁was ▁hitting ▁the ▁back ▁of ▁the ▁net ▁regularly ▁yet ▁the ▁early ▁season ▁form ▁p eter ed ▁out ▁and ▁Army ▁finished ▁in ▁ 1 3 th ▁position . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁Bra z ili ans ▁had ▁moved ▁on ▁but ▁were ▁replaced ▁with ▁other ▁highly ▁r ated ▁foreign ▁stars . ▁Daniel ▁Blan co ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁impress ive ▁perform er ▁as ▁Army ▁fl irt ed ▁with ▁the ▁Top ▁ 6 ▁for ▁long ▁periods ▁before ▁eventually ▁finishing ▁in ▁ 1 0 th ▁position . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season ▁also ▁coinc ided ▁with ▁Army ▁reaching ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Th ai ▁FA ▁Cup ▁final . ▁On ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁the ▁final , ▁Army ▁was ▁given ▁a ▁repr ieve ▁after ▁they ' d ▁lost ▁a ▁penalty ▁shoot - out ▁to ▁regional ▁league ▁side ▁Tr at . ▁It ▁turned ▁out ▁that ▁Tr at ▁had ▁field ed ▁an ▁un register ed ▁player ▁and ▁was ▁bo oted ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁cup ▁with ▁Army ▁re inst ated . ▁Army ▁United ▁then ▁took ▁the ▁scal p ▁of ▁run away ▁T PL ▁leaders ▁Mu ang th ong ▁United ▁on ▁the ▁way ▁to ▁the ▁final
. ▁The ▁final ▁itself ▁was ▁rather ▁disappoint ing ▁for ▁the ▁club ▁with ▁Army ▁losing ▁ 2 – 1 ▁to ▁Bur ir am ▁United . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁club ▁signed ▁a ▁strateg ic ▁partners hip ▁deal ▁with ▁Th ai - owned ▁English ▁club ▁Le ic ester ▁City . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Army ▁United ▁decided ▁to ▁dissol ved ▁the ▁club ▁end ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁club ▁with ▁ 1 0 3 ▁years . ▁ ▁Stadium ▁ ▁Th ai ▁Army ▁Sports ▁Stadium ▁is ▁a ▁multi - pur pose ▁stad ium ▁on ▁V ib hav adi - R angs it ▁Road ▁in ▁the ▁Din ▁Da eng ▁District ▁of ▁north ▁Bang k ok , ▁Th ailand . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁currently ▁used ▁mostly ▁for ▁football ▁matches ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁home ▁stad ium ▁of ▁Army ▁United ▁F . C . ▁The ▁stad ium ▁holds ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁single ▁stand ▁with ▁covered ▁se ating ▁on ▁one ▁side ▁and ▁ter rac ing ▁on ▁three ▁sides . ▁An ▁athlet ics ▁track ▁surr ounds ▁the ▁pitch . ▁It ▁is ▁often ▁used ▁by ▁Th ai ▁club ▁sides ▁in ▁international ▁football ▁compet itions ▁and ▁was ▁used ▁by ▁Bang k ok ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁A FC ▁Champions ▁League ▁and ▁Os ots apa ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁A FC ▁Cup . ▁Additionally , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁for ▁matches ▁involving ▁national ▁sides ▁in ▁international ▁tournament s ▁hosted ▁by ▁Th ailand ▁where
▁the ▁hosts ▁are ▁not ▁involved . ▁ ▁Stadium ▁and ▁locations ▁by ▁season ▁records ▁ ▁Season ▁by ▁Season ▁Dom estic ▁record ▁ ▁P ▁= ▁Play ed ▁W ▁= ▁Games ▁W on ▁D ▁= ▁Games ▁Dra wn ▁L ▁= ▁Games ▁Lost ▁F ▁= ▁Go als ▁for ▁A ▁= ▁Go als ▁Again st ▁P ts ▁= ▁Point s ▁Pos ▁= ▁Final ▁Position ▁N / A ▁= ▁No ▁answer ▁ ▁T PL ▁= ▁Th ai ▁Premier ▁League ▁T L ▁= ▁Th ai ▁League ▁ 1 ▁ ▁Q R 1 ▁= ▁First ▁Qual ifying ▁Round ▁Q R 2 ▁= ▁Second ▁Qual ifying ▁Round ▁Q R 3 ▁= ▁Third ▁Qual ifying ▁Round ▁Q R 4 ▁= ▁Four th ▁Qual ifying ▁Round ▁R Int ▁= ▁Inter mediate ▁Round ▁R 1 ▁= ▁Round ▁ 1 ▁R 2 ▁= ▁Round ▁ 2 ▁R 3 ▁= ▁Round ▁ 3 ▁ ▁R 4 ▁= ▁Round ▁ 4 ▁R 5 ▁= ▁Round ▁ 5 ▁R 6 ▁= ▁Round ▁ 6 ▁GR ▁= ▁Group ▁stage ▁Q F ▁= ▁Qu arter - final s ▁SF ▁= ▁Sem i - final s ▁R U ▁= ▁R unn ers - up ▁S ▁= ▁Shared ▁W ▁= ▁W inners ▁ ▁Co aches ▁'' Co aches ▁by ▁Years ▁( 1 9 9 6 – 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁Dom estic ▁compet itions ▁ ▁Th ai ▁Division ▁ 1 ▁League ▁▁ ▁W inner ▁( 1 ) ▁: 2 0 0 4 – 0 5 ▁▁ ▁Th ai ▁FA ▁Cup ▁▁ ▁Run ner - up ▁( 1 )
▁: 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁Kor ▁Royal ▁Cup ▁▁ ▁W inner ▁( 1 ) ▁: 1 9 8 3 ▁ ▁Queen ' s ▁Cup ▁▁ ▁Run ner - up ▁( 1 ) ▁: 1 9 9 7 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Army ▁United ▁at ▁Th ai ▁Premier ▁League ▁ ▁Category : Foot ball ▁clubs ▁in ▁Th ailand ▁▁ ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁clubs ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁Category : Th ai ▁League ▁ 1 ▁clubs ▁Category : S port ▁in ▁Bang k ok ▁Category : 1 9 1 6 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁S iam <0x0A> </s> ▁Ry b í ▁( could ▁be ▁lo os ely ▁translated ▁to ▁English ▁as ▁" bel ong ing ▁to ▁fish ") ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁Mor av ian - S iles ian ▁Region ▁of ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic . ▁The ▁first ▁written ▁record ▁about ▁this ▁village ▁was ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁of ▁ 1 4 1 1 . ▁The ▁village ▁was ▁formerly ▁known ▁as ▁Ry b nik ▁( ). ▁Ry bi ▁is ▁located ▁about ▁ 5 km ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁Nov ý ▁J ič ín ▁city ▁and ▁about ▁ 6 km ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁Kop ř iv nice . ▁The ▁village ▁is ▁ge ograph ically ▁surrounded ▁by ▁three ▁hills ▁- ▁from ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁by ▁the ▁' P unt ík ' ▁( with ▁its ▁top ▁at ▁ 5 0 0 m ▁A MS L ) ▁and ▁the ▁' Hol iv ák ' ▁hill ▁( 4 8
3 m ) ▁and ▁from ▁the ▁north ▁by ▁the ▁' Lib ho š ť ská ▁h ů r ka ' ▁( with ▁alt itude ▁ 4 9 3 m ). ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁the ▁village ▁has ▁had ▁around ▁ 1 , 1 0 0 ▁inhabitants . ▁ ▁Le is ure ▁activities ▁Due ▁to ▁great ▁ge ographical ▁location ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁with ▁its ▁surrounding ▁hills ▁and ▁many ▁for ests , ▁the ▁Ry bi ▁is , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁summer , ▁very ▁suitable ▁for ▁h ik ing ▁or ▁mountain - b ik ing . ▁There ▁are ▁lots ▁of ▁adjust ed ▁path ways ▁and ▁bi ke ▁paths ▁around ▁the ▁entire ▁village . ▁The ▁adjacent ▁for ests ▁are ▁full ▁of ▁routes ▁and ▁tracks ▁created ▁by ▁people , ▁caused ▁by ▁logging ▁or ▁natural ▁gas ▁min ing . ▁Very ▁popular ▁sport ▁in ▁winter ▁time ▁is ▁ski ing . ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁two ▁pl atter ▁ski ▁lif ts , ▁one ▁ 2 0 0 m ▁and ▁second ▁ 4 5 0 m ▁long . ▁With ▁so ▁many ▁straight ▁and ▁large ▁me adows ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁hills ▁the ▁place ▁is ▁also ▁suitable ▁for ▁cross - country ▁ski ing . ▁ ▁L od ging ▁There ▁are ▁no ▁accommod ation ▁services ▁in ▁this ▁area . ▁ ▁Transport ▁ ▁The ▁connection ▁from ▁and ▁to ▁nearly ▁cities ▁Nov ý ▁J ič ín ▁and ▁Kop ř iv nice ▁is ▁provided ▁by ▁local ▁bus ▁transport . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁The ▁Official ▁website ▁▁ ▁Ry b í ▁at ▁the
▁Portal ▁of ▁Regional ▁Aut onom ies ▁by ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Inter ior ▁of ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁▁ ▁Ry b í ▁at ▁the ▁Town s ▁and ▁Commun ities ▁Online ▁Portal ▁▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Nov ý ▁J ič ín ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁Pr ion apter y x ▁dia per atal is ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Cr amb idae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁George ▁Ham pson ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Mexico . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pr ion apter yg ini ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 9 <0x0A> </s> ▁Sc ar borough ▁station ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Sc ar borough ▁( Met ro - N orth ▁station ), ▁in ▁Sc ar borough , ▁New ▁York , ▁USA ▁ ▁Sc ar borough ▁GO ▁Station , ▁in ▁Sc ar borough , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada ▁ ▁Sc ar borough ▁railway ▁station , ▁in ▁Sc ar borough , ▁North ▁York shire , ▁UK ▁ ▁Sc ar borough ▁railway ▁station , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales , ▁in ▁Sc ar borough , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales , ▁Australia ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Sc ar borough ▁Centre ▁( T TC ), ▁light ▁rail ▁station ▁in ▁Sc ar borough , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada ▁ ▁Sc ar borough ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Č ern ot ín ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁and ▁municipality ▁( ob ec ) ▁in ▁P ř er ov ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁Ol om ouc ▁Region ▁of ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic . ▁ ▁The
▁municipality ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁, ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 7 4 4 ▁( as ▁at ▁ 3 J uly ▁ 2 0 0 6 ). ▁ ▁Č ern ot ín ▁lies ▁approximately ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁P ř er ov , ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁Ol om ouc , ▁and ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁Prag ue . ▁ ▁References ▁Ol om ouc ▁Regional ▁Statist ical ▁Office : ▁Municipal ities ▁of ▁P ř er ov ▁District ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁P ř er ov ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁L on an ▁( ▁; ▁) ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 7 ▁par ishes ▁of ▁the ▁Is le ▁of ▁Man . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁island ▁( part ▁of ▁the ▁traditional ▁South ▁Side ▁division ) ▁in ▁the ▁she ading ▁of ▁Gar ff . ▁ ▁Other ▁settlement s ▁in ▁the ▁parish ▁include ▁Bald r ine ▁and ▁Ball ab eg . ▁ ▁Local ▁government ▁For ▁the ▁purposes ▁of ▁local ▁government , ▁since ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁the ▁historic ▁parish ▁of ▁L on an ▁has ▁been ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁single ▁Gar ff ▁local ▁authority , ▁formed ▁by ▁mer ging ▁the ▁former ▁village ▁district ▁of ▁La x ey ▁with ▁the ▁parish ▁districts ▁of ▁L on an ▁and ▁M augh old . ▁ ▁Until ▁this ▁am alg am ation , ▁the ▁village ▁district ▁of ▁La x ey ▁had ▁been ▁separated ▁from ▁its ▁surrounding ▁parish ▁of ▁L on an ▁since ▁ 1 8 9 5 . ▁La x ey , ▁L
on an ▁and ▁M augh old ▁are ▁still ▁separate ▁w ards ▁of ▁the ▁combined ▁district ▁of ▁Gar ff . ▁ ▁The ▁Captain ▁of ▁the ▁Par ish ▁( as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 9 ) ▁is ▁Stephen ▁Patrick ▁Carter . ▁ ▁Polit ics ▁L on an ▁parish ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Gar ff ▁constitu ency , ▁which ▁elect s ▁two ▁M embers ▁to ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Ke ys . ▁ ▁Geography ▁The ▁parish ▁extends ▁from ▁near ▁Port ▁Gr oud le ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁to ▁the ▁S na ef ell ▁mines ▁and ▁Brand yw ell ▁Cor ner ▁( on ▁the ▁T T ▁course ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁Be inn - y - Ph ott ), ▁a ▁distance ▁of ▁some ▁, ▁and ▁has ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁. ▁It ▁is ▁an ▁u pl and ▁district , ▁being ▁h illy ▁and ▁bar ren ▁in ▁parts , ▁and ▁dro pping ▁sharp ly ▁into ▁the ▁sea , ▁with ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁a ▁few ▁small ▁deep , ▁shelter ed ▁gl ens . ▁The ▁highest ▁point ▁in ▁the ▁parish ▁is ▁M ull agh ▁O u yr ▁( near ▁S na ef ell ) ▁at ▁. ▁Its ▁coast line ▁is ▁high ▁and ▁rock y , ▁and ▁broken ▁by ▁several ▁head lands ▁and ▁small ▁b ays ; ▁although ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁stretch ▁of ▁mostly ▁sand y ▁beach ▁from ▁La x ey ▁to ▁Gar wick ▁Bay . ▁The ▁main ▁head lands ▁are ▁La x ey ▁Head ▁and ▁Clay ▁Head ; ▁and ▁the ▁b ays ▁are ▁Bulg ham ▁Bay , ▁La x ey ▁Bay ,
▁and ▁Gar wick ▁Bay . ▁The ▁only ▁significant ▁valle ys ▁are ▁La x ey ▁Glen , ▁a ▁popular ▁tour ist ▁site ▁extending ▁from ▁the ▁S na ef ell ▁mines ▁to ▁the ▁sea , ▁and ▁Glen ▁Roy , ▁which ▁leads ▁into ▁La x ey ▁Glen ▁at ▁La x ey ▁village . ▁ ▁The ▁parish ▁church , ▁All ▁Sain ts ▁Church , ▁is ▁at ▁Bo ille y ▁Ve en ▁( not ▁marked ▁on ▁small - scale ▁maps , ▁but ▁grid ▁reference ▁ 4 3 0 8 3 0 ). ▁It ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁as ▁a ▁more ▁convenient ly ▁located ▁substitute ▁for ▁the ▁ancient ▁structure ▁of ▁St ▁Adam nan ' s ▁Church . ▁This ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁church ▁closed ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ow ing ▁to ▁lack ▁of ▁funds ▁for ▁maintenance , ▁leaving ▁L on an ▁with ▁no ▁parish ▁church . ▁However , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁parish ▁website , ▁the ▁church ▁is ▁currently ▁( Nov ember ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁open . ▁ ▁History ▁Henry ▁Sk ill ic or ne , ▁a ▁Br istol ▁sea ▁captain ▁who ▁was ▁later ▁instrument al ▁in ▁developing ▁the ▁sp a ▁waters ▁at ▁Ch el ten ham , ▁was ▁born ▁at ▁Ball ar agh ▁in ▁this ▁parish ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 8 ▁or ▁ 1 6 7 9 . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Gar ff ▁Commission ers ' ▁road ▁sign , ▁L on an ▁is ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁L on an ▁Gent le men ' s
▁Fellow ship , ▁" world ▁motor ▁cycle ▁land ▁speed ▁record ▁hold ers " ▁( at ▁B onne ville ▁Salt ▁Fl ats ). ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁The ▁Is le ▁of ▁Man ▁census ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁returned ▁a ▁parish ▁population ▁of ▁ 1 , 5 7 9 , ▁an ▁increase ▁of ▁ 2 . 9 ▁per ▁cent ▁from ▁the ▁figure ▁of ▁ 1 , 5 3 3 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Par ish ▁District ▁of ▁Gar ff ▁Culture ▁V ann in ▁- ▁List ▁of ▁Par ish ▁Capt ains ▁ ▁Category : Par ishes ▁of ▁the ▁Is le ▁of ▁Man <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁l ined ▁cat sh ark ▁or ▁band ed ▁cat sh ark ▁( H ala el urus ▁line atus ) ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁cat sh ark , ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁family ▁S cy li or hin idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁waters ▁off ▁the ▁coast s ▁of ▁Be ira , ▁Moz amb ique , ▁to ▁East ▁London , ▁and ▁South ▁Africa ▁between ▁lat itudes ▁ 1 9 ° S ▁and ▁ 3 1 ° S , ▁from ▁the ▁surface ▁to ▁ 2 9 0 ▁m . ▁It ▁can ▁grow ▁up ▁to ▁ 5 6 cm ▁in ▁length . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁ ▁l ined ▁cat sh ark ▁Category : F ish ▁of ▁South ▁Africa ▁Category : Mar ine ▁fa una ▁of ▁Southern ▁Africa ▁l ined ▁cat sh ark <0x0A> </s> ▁S lob od an ▁U zel ac , ▁Ph
. D ., ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 9 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Cro at ian ▁Ser b ▁politician ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁Deput y ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁of ▁Cro atia ▁for ▁Regional ▁Development , ▁Re const ruction ▁and ▁Return ▁in ▁the ▁Second ▁cabinet ▁of ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁I vo ▁San ader ▁and ▁his ▁successor ▁in ▁that ▁position ▁J ad ran ka ▁Kos or . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Ser b ▁minor ity ▁in ▁Cro atia ▁to ▁hold ▁a ▁cabinet ▁position ▁since ▁the ▁first ▁Cro at ian ▁multi - party ▁elections ▁were ▁held ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁Biography ▁He ▁offered ▁his ▁res ignation ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁after ▁the ▁Cro at ian ▁Government ▁recognized ▁Kos ovo ' s ▁declaration ▁of ▁independence ▁However , ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁I vo ▁San ader ▁did ▁not ▁accept ▁his ▁res ignation , ▁and ▁the ▁Independent ▁Democratic ▁Ser b ▁Party ▁subsequently ▁decided ▁against ▁withdraw ing ▁its ▁member ▁from ▁the ▁government . ▁ ▁S lob od an ▁U zel ac ▁received ▁his ▁Ph . D . ▁in ▁medicine ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Bel grade ▁( Bel grade ▁Medical ▁School ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁guest ▁lect urer ▁at ▁the ▁P enn ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁U zel ac ▁is ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁Ser bian ▁Cultural ▁Society ▁Pro sv j eta . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁Ser bian , ▁U zel ac ▁also ▁speak s ▁English ▁and
▁Russian . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Ad vis ory ▁Board ▁of ▁the ▁dem ocr atic ▁left ▁magazine ▁Nov i ▁Pl amen . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Pol a č a ▁Category : Ser bs ▁of ▁Cro atia ▁Category : Ind ep endent ▁Democratic ▁Ser b ▁Party ▁polit icians ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Bel grade ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Medicine ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Port ▁of ▁Par an agu á ▁is ▁a ▁port ▁located ▁in ▁Par an agu á , ▁in ▁the ▁Brazil ian ▁state ▁of ▁Par an á . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁second ▁largest ▁port ▁of ▁Brazil ▁in ▁t onn age ▁and ▁the ▁third ▁in ▁container ▁sh ipping . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁main ▁export ing ▁port ▁of ▁agricult ural ▁products ▁in ▁Brazil , ▁especially ▁so y beans ▁and ▁so y bean ▁me al . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁port ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 2 , ▁as ▁a ▁private - owned ▁wh arf . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Par an á ▁took ▁control ▁of ▁its ▁con cess ion , ▁and ▁began ▁the ▁works ▁to ▁expand ▁the ▁port . ▁The ▁new ▁port ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁a ▁state ▁organ ism , ▁Admin istra ção ▁dos ▁Port os ▁de ▁Par an agu á ▁( APP ) ▁was ▁founded ▁for ▁over see ing ▁its ▁operation . ▁In
▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁the ▁AP P ▁started ▁to ▁manage ▁also ▁the ▁port ▁of ▁Anton ina ▁becoming ▁AP PA ▁( Admin istra ção ▁dos ▁Port os ▁de ▁Par an agu á ▁e ▁Anton ina ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁AP PA ▁home page ▁ ▁Category : Port s ▁and ▁har b ours ▁of ▁Brazil ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Par an á ▁( state ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Robert ▁An ast as ▁- ▁( b ▁ 1 9 3 4 ▁in ▁Hudson , ▁MA ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁hockey ▁coach ▁and ▁teacher ▁at ▁Way land ▁High ▁School , ▁in ▁Way land , ▁Massachusetts . ▁An ast as ▁was ▁an ▁All ▁American ▁Football ▁and ▁Ice ▁Hockey ▁player ▁for ▁A IC ▁( American ▁International ▁College ) ▁in ▁Spring field , ▁MA . ▁He ▁was ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Boston ▁Patri ots ▁( AF L ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁and ▁after ▁his ▁sports ▁career ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁F ram ingham , ▁Massachusetts ▁school ▁system ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁" M ass achusetts ▁Te acher ▁of ▁the ▁Year " ▁. ▁ ▁An ast as ▁founded ▁S ADD ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁at ▁the ▁school ▁following ▁the ▁death s ▁of ▁two ▁students ▁in ▁non related ▁dr unk ▁driving ▁acc idents . ▁S ADD ▁developed ▁into ▁the ▁leading ▁anti - dr unk ▁driving ▁program ▁for ▁high ▁school ▁students ▁with ▁over ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁chap ters ▁in ▁high ▁schools ▁North ▁America , ▁Europe , ▁and
▁New ▁Zealand . ▁ ▁Robert ▁An ast as ▁retired ▁as ▁Found er ▁and ▁ ▁Executive ▁Director ▁of ▁S ADD ▁- St ud ents ▁Again st ▁D riv ing ▁Dr unk . ▁and ▁with ▁his ▁ret irement , ▁the ▁name ▁Stud ents ▁Again st ▁D riv ing ▁Dr unk ▁retired ▁with ▁him . ▁The ▁ac ron ym ▁S ADD , ▁which ▁he ▁allowed ▁to ▁be ▁used , ▁continues ▁and ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁Stud ents ▁Again st ▁Dest ruct ive ▁Dec isions ▁although ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁affili ated ▁with ▁Robert ▁An ast as . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Stud ents ▁Again st ▁Dest ruct ive ▁Dec isions ▁ ▁Category : American ▁activ ists ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Ab u ▁H ut ha ifa ▁al - B ata wi ▁was ▁a ▁commander ▁in ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁State ▁of ▁Ira q ▁( IS I ) ▁milit ant ▁group ▁and ▁its ▁leader ▁in ▁Bag hd ad . ▁He ▁was ▁killed ▁during ▁an ▁attempted ▁j ail break ▁on ▁May ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁▁ ▁Al - B ata wi ▁was ▁accused ▁of ▁being ▁the ▁master mind ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Bag hd ad ▁church ▁attack ▁in ▁which ▁ 7 0 ▁people ▁died . ▁His ▁sub ordinates ▁were ▁also ▁accused ▁of ▁being ▁behind ▁bomb ings ▁against ▁the ▁Al ▁Arab i ya ▁television ▁station ' s ▁Bag hd ad ▁b ureau ▁and ▁the ▁city ' s ▁central ▁bank . ▁On
▁November ▁ 2 7 , ▁one ▁month ▁after ▁the ▁church ▁bomb ing , ▁Ira qi ▁security ▁forces ▁announced ▁they ▁had ▁captured ▁Al - B ata wi ▁and ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁other ▁milit ants . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁in ▁a ▁Bag hd ad ▁prison ▁mut iny , ▁al - B ata wi ▁over power ed ▁a ▁police ▁officer ▁who ▁was ▁leading ▁him ▁to ▁an ▁inter rog ation ▁room , ▁taking ▁his ▁weapon ▁and ▁shooting ▁him ▁dead . ▁Al - B ata wi ▁had ▁been ▁un sh ack led ▁for ▁inter rog ation . ▁He ▁then ▁fre ed ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁other ▁prisoners ▁associated ▁along ▁with ▁him ▁in ▁the ▁church ▁mass acre ▁and ▁killed ▁Ira qi ▁Brig ad ier ▁General ▁Mo ay eh ▁al - S ale h , ▁the ▁counter - ter ror ism ▁chief ▁for ▁Bag hd ad ' s ▁central ▁K arr ada ▁district , ▁before ▁being ▁himself ▁killed ▁in ▁a ▁fire f ight . ▁ 1 7 ▁people ▁were ▁killed ▁overall , ▁including ▁ 1 1 ▁senior ▁al - Q a eda ▁milit ants , ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁Bag hd ad ▁police ▁sp okes man . ▁Another ▁police ▁source ▁said ▁eight ▁in m ates , ▁most ▁facing ▁death ▁sentences , ▁were ▁killed ▁along ▁with ▁nine ▁security ▁officers , ▁three ▁of ▁them ▁senior ▁officials . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 1 ▁death s ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁crim inals ▁Category : Al - Q a eda ▁propag
and ists ▁Category : De ath s ▁by ▁fire arm ▁in ▁Ira q ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁al - Q a eda ▁in ▁Ira q ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Bag hd ad ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing <0x0A> </s> ▁, ▁Com I H ▁is ▁a ▁director ▁and ▁the ▁chairman ▁of ▁Tokyo ▁Electric ▁Power ▁Company ▁Hold ings , ▁Inc . ▁( TE P CO ), ▁a ▁semi - n ational ized ▁electric ▁utility ▁company ▁responsible ▁for ▁causing ▁the ▁F uk ush ima ▁D ai ichi ▁nuclear ▁dis aster , ▁and ▁the ▁former ▁chairman ▁and ▁president ▁of ▁Hit achi , ▁Ltd ., ▁the ▁Japanese ▁mult in ational ▁electron ics ▁and ▁engineering ▁con gl omer ate . ▁He ▁had ▁worked ▁at ▁Hit achi ▁for ▁his ▁entire ▁business ▁career ▁and ▁retired ▁as ▁senior ▁advis er ▁to ▁the ▁company ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁On ▁request ▁of ▁the ▁Japanese ▁government , ▁K aw am ura ▁has ▁served ▁as ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁electric ▁power ▁company ▁since ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Education ▁K aw am ura ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Tokyo , ▁receiving ▁a ▁Bach elor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁elect rical ▁engineering ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁ ▁Business ▁career ▁K aw am ura ▁joined ▁Hit achi ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁He ▁rose ▁up ▁through ▁the ▁ranks , ▁becoming ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁Hit achi ▁Works ▁( t urb ine ▁and ▁electric ▁generator ▁factory ▁in ▁Hit achi , ▁I bar aki ) ▁in ▁
1 9 9 2 , ▁executive ▁of ▁the ▁Electric ▁Util ity ▁Sales ▁Oper ations ▁Group ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁man aging ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Power ▁Group ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁and ▁vice ▁president ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁Represent ative ▁Executive ▁Officer ▁of ▁Hit achi ▁Sol utions . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁he ▁became ▁chairman ▁of ▁Hit achi ▁Plant ▁Engineering ▁& ▁Const ruction ▁and ▁Hit achi ▁Max ell . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁he ▁became ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁company . ▁He ▁served ▁for ▁one ▁year ▁until ▁he ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁H iro aki ▁Nak an ishi . ▁He ▁was ▁then ▁made ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁direct ors . ▁As ▁chairman , ▁he ▁h ired ▁many ▁outside ▁direct ors , ▁making ▁it ▁the ▁first ▁board ▁in ▁Hit achi ' s ▁history ▁to ▁have ▁more ▁outside ▁direct ors ▁than ▁Hit achi ▁ins iders . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Institute ▁of ▁Elect rical ▁Engine ers ▁of ▁Japan ▁( 2 0 0 4 ), ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Communic ations ▁and ▁Information ▁Network ▁Association ▁of ▁Japan ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁and ▁vice ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Japan ▁Business ▁Federation ▁( 2 0 1 0 ). ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Prince ▁Henry , ▁Portugal ▁( 2 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 ) ▁
▁See ▁also ▁All ▁N ipp on ▁Air ways ▁Fl ight ▁ 6 1 ▁— ▁K aw am ura ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁ 5 0 3 ▁passengers ▁on ▁board ▁the ▁flight . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : H it achi ▁Category : J apan ese ▁business people ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Tokyo ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Th aw an m ich ak na ▁K enk h rab ada ▁( English : ▁When ▁The ▁Star ▁F alls ) ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Man ip ur ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁K ish ore k umar ▁and ▁produced ▁by ▁Tol lo , ▁Chan ▁& ▁N im ai . ▁It ▁stars ▁Am ar je et ▁Raj k umar ▁and ▁La im ay um ▁( O ) ▁Se ema ▁in ▁the ▁lead ▁roles . ▁The ▁play back ▁sing ers ▁of ▁the ▁songs ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁are ▁R . K . ▁N and es hor i , ▁Prem ila , ▁Son ali ▁M uk her je e , ▁China ▁D oll , ▁Sun ita ▁Ne pr am ▁and ▁P ah ari ▁Mach a . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁released ▁at ▁Pr at ap ▁T alk ies , ▁Im phal ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Am ar je et ▁Raj k umar ▁ ▁La im ay um ▁( O ) ▁Se ema ▁ ▁L al it ▁ ▁Me era ▁ ▁Med ha ▁ ▁About ▁The
▁film ▁tells ▁the ▁love ▁story ▁of ▁J iten ▁and ▁Me era . ▁J iten ▁is ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁a ▁rich ▁business man ▁Bir en , ▁while ▁Me era ▁is ▁a ▁disabled ▁singer . ▁J iten ▁falls ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁Me era ▁when ▁he ▁vis its ▁his ▁home ▁state ▁during ▁his ▁vac ation . ▁They ▁get ▁married , ▁but ▁when ▁J iten ▁returns ▁to ▁P une ▁to ▁complete ▁his ▁studies , ▁Me era ▁returns ▁to ▁her ▁own ▁home , ▁being ▁unable ▁to ▁bear ▁the ▁ill - tre at ment ▁by ▁her ▁in - la ws , ▁which ▁cause ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁her ▁one ▁and ▁only ▁grand m other . ▁Me era ▁then ▁surv ives ▁as ▁a ▁music ▁teacher . ▁B ira ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁only ▁understand ▁l ately ▁that ▁dis ability ▁is ▁a ▁gl orious ▁gift ▁of ▁God ▁only ▁when ▁their ▁daughter ▁Sand h ya ▁met ▁with ▁an ▁accident . ▁The ▁film ' s ▁clim ax ▁is ▁achieved ▁when ▁J iten ▁found ▁Me era ▁and ▁are ▁reun ited ▁after ▁a ▁long ▁separation . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Me ite i - language ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 0 2 ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁T ait z ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁K ara ▁T ait z ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 8 1 ), ▁actress ▁ ▁Max ▁T ait z ▁( 1 9 0 4 – 1 9 8 0 ), ▁scient ist ▁in ▁aer od ynam ics , ▁theory ▁of ▁jet ▁engines ▁and ▁flight ▁testing ▁of ▁aircraft
, ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁found ers ▁of ▁the ▁G rom ov ▁Fl ight ▁Research ▁Institute ▁ ▁Or ly ▁T ait z ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 6 0 ), ▁dent ist , ▁lawyer , ▁leading ▁figure ▁in ▁the ▁" bir ther " ▁movement <0x0A> </s> ▁Rah im ▁Bur han ▁() ▁( born ▁November ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁in ▁Sk op je , ▁F PR ▁Y ug oslav ia ) ▁is ▁a ▁Mac ed onian ▁theatre ▁director . ▁ ▁Bur han ▁became ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁founder ▁and ▁art istic ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Roma - the atre ▁" P ral ipe " ▁( engl . ▁' bro ther hood ') ▁from ▁Sk op je . ▁He ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Sk op je ▁and ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁Y ug oslav ian ▁School ▁of ▁Film . ▁In ▁his ▁theatre ▁produ ctions , ▁he ▁worked ▁on ▁political ▁them es , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁treatment ▁of ▁minor ities ▁in ▁states ▁and ▁violence ▁towards ▁eth nic ▁groups ▁or ▁as yl um ▁seek ers . ▁ ▁In ▁Germany , ▁the ▁theatre ▁' P ral ipe ' ▁became ▁known ▁particularly ▁by ▁means ▁of ▁its ▁co operation ▁with ▁the ▁Theater ▁an ▁der ▁Ru hr ▁from ▁M uel heim . ▁The ▁co operation ▁began ▁with ▁' R at v ale ▁Bij ava ' ▁( B lo od ▁Mar riage ) ▁by ▁Freder ico ▁Gar cia ▁Lor ca ▁and ▁' Mar at / S ade ' ▁by ▁Peter ▁We iss , ▁both ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁first ▁st aged ▁at
▁the ▁theatre ▁in ▁M uel heim ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁It ▁tou red ▁through ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁cities ▁in ▁Germany , ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁and ▁Switzerland . ▁With ▁the ▁s log an ▁' The ▁Gy ps ies ▁are ▁back ▁again ', ▁the ▁Theatre ▁an ▁der ▁Ru hr ▁and ▁Pr ali pe ▁engaged ▁in ▁the ▁growing ▁disc rim ination ▁against ▁foreign ers ▁in ▁Germany . ▁' R at v ale ▁Bij ava ' ▁was ▁st aged ▁in ▁Rom any ▁in ▁about ▁ 1 5 ▁cities , ▁amongst ▁them ▁Halle , ▁Ho y ers wer da , ▁L ue beck , ▁Mag de burg , ▁Mun ich ▁and ▁Rost ock . ▁After ▁the ▁performances , ▁the ▁actors ▁sought ▁to ▁initi ate ▁convers ations ▁with ▁the ▁audience . ▁de : R ober to ▁Ci ul li ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁Pr ali pe ▁was ▁invited ▁to ▁the ▁ ▁International ▁Theatre ▁Festival ▁ME SS ▁in ▁Sar aje vo ▁with ▁their ▁st aging ▁of ▁' Y er ma '. ▁C ele br ating ▁ten ▁years ▁of ▁co operation , ▁the ▁festival ▁' 1 0 ▁Years ▁Roma ▁Theatre ▁Pr ali pe ' ▁was ▁organ ised ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁Among st ▁other ▁performances , ▁the ▁exhibition ▁' Col ours ▁of ▁Roma - Children ' ▁was ▁also ▁shown ▁and ▁discuss ions ▁were ▁held . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁N . B .: ▁This ▁site ▁is ▁a ▁translation ▁from ▁the ▁German ▁Wikipedia ▁article . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 9 ▁birth
s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Mac ed onian ▁Roman i ▁people ▁Category : Mac ed onian ▁theatre ▁direct ors ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Sk op je <0x0A> </s> ▁Perry ▁County ▁School ▁District ▁is ▁a ▁school ▁district ▁in ▁Perry ▁County , ▁Alabama ▁serving ▁the ▁community ▁of ▁Mar ion . ▁It ▁oper ates ▁two ▁schools : ▁the ▁Francis ▁Mar ion ▁school ▁and ▁Robert ▁C . ▁H atch ▁High ▁School . ▁ ▁Francis ▁Mar ion ▁School ▁ ▁At ▁its ▁current ▁location , ▁the ▁Francis ▁Mar ion ▁School ▁opened ▁its ▁doors ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Francis ▁Mar ion ▁High ▁School . ▁Before ▁that , ▁it ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁Perry ▁County ▁High ▁School . ▁The ▁school ▁is ▁named ▁for ▁Revolution ary ▁War ▁figure ▁Francis ▁Mar ion , ▁who ▁is ▁better ▁known ▁as ▁" The ▁Sw amp ▁Fox ." ▁ ▁The ▁school ▁incorpor ates ▁Pre - K ▁through ▁Middle ▁School ▁classes . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : E ducation ▁in ▁Perry ▁County , ▁Alabama <0x0A> </s> ▁" Identity ▁Within " ▁is ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁' lost ▁episode ' ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁science ▁fiction ▁comedy ▁television ▁series ▁Red ▁D war f . ▁Like ▁many ▁lost ▁episodes , ▁ideas ▁used ▁the ▁original ▁scripts ▁were ▁then ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁Series ▁XI ▁episode ▁" Can ▁of ▁W orm s ". ▁ ▁A ▁' lost ▁episode ' ▁" Identity ▁Within " ▁was ▁originally ▁the ▁supposed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁second ▁episode ▁in ▁the ▁sevent h ▁series ▁( the ▁episode ▁ultimately ▁replacing ▁it
▁as ▁the ▁second ▁episode ▁in ▁this ▁series ▁was ▁" Sto ke ▁Me ▁a ▁C li pper "). ▁This ▁episode ▁was ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁Cat ▁as ▁there ▁hadn ' t ▁been ▁a ▁' Cat ▁episode ' ▁before ; ▁the ▁episode ▁was ▁also ▁to ▁address ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁Cat ▁had ▁become ▁increasing ly ▁' dom estic ated ' ▁and ▁less ▁' in dependent ' ▁over ▁the ▁show ▁and ▁had ▁become ▁a ▁slightly ▁different ▁character ▁( leading ▁to ▁some ▁anno y ance ▁amongst ▁certain ▁fans ▁of ▁the ▁show ). ▁It ▁was ▁script ed ▁and ▁story boards ▁were ▁produced , ▁getting ▁further ▁than ▁most ▁' lost ▁episodes '. ▁ ▁Ult imately ▁the ▁episode ▁was ▁never ▁fil med ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁surprising ly ▁am bit ious ▁script ▁for ▁the ▁show ▁and ▁the ▁sets ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁far ▁too ▁cost ly ▁to ▁produce — ▁more ▁than ▁the ▁whole ▁series ▁itself . ▁However ▁the ▁budget ▁for ▁the ▁sevent h ▁series ▁was ▁not ▁for ▁seven ▁episodes ▁but ▁for ▁eight ▁episodes , ▁therefore ▁the ▁less ▁am bit ious , ▁ ▁simpler ▁and ▁che aper ▁episode ▁" D uct ▁S oup " ▁was ▁then ▁written ▁and ▁produced ▁in ▁its ▁place . ▁" D uct ▁S oup " ▁became ▁the ▁fourth ▁episode ▁in ▁the ▁series . ▁ ▁Syn opsis ▁of ▁episode ▁The ▁Cat ▁is ▁still ▁a ▁vir gin ; ▁he ▁has ▁never ▁even ▁met ▁another ▁of ▁his ▁own ▁race ▁( F el is ▁s api ens ) ▁( except ▁for ▁an ▁old , ▁blind ▁d ither ing ▁Cat ▁priest ▁in ▁his ▁earlier

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