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▁completed ▁all ▁of ▁these ▁tasks ▁completely , ▁they ▁now ▁have ▁almost ▁every ▁sprite ▁there ▁is . ▁Most ▁spr ites ▁are ▁either ▁av at ars , ▁enemies , ▁blocks , ▁items , ▁or ▁systems , ▁but ▁some ▁of ▁them ▁are ▁background s ▁and ▁music . ▁But ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁way ▁to ▁ear n ▁spr ites ▁that ▁are ▁not ▁found ▁in ▁challeng es ▁or ▁the ▁quest , ▁as ▁not ified ▁by ▁Gam est ar ▁Mechan ic ▁User ▁" 2 4 pa id ih m ." ▁the ▁" He alth y " ▁and ▁" D as ▁R he ing old " ▁spr ites ▁can ▁be ▁obtained ▁by ▁following ▁the ▁instructions ▁on ▁his ▁game ▁known ▁as ▁" Factory ▁ 7 ▁Spr ite ▁Museum " ▁ ▁Us age ▁As ▁of ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁game ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁to ▁create ▁over ▁ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁games ▁that ▁have ▁been ▁played ▁over ▁ 1 5 ▁million ▁times . ▁Over ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 ▁schools ▁and ▁community ▁organizations ▁have ▁adopted ▁the ▁platform . ▁ ▁Awards ▁Gam est ar ▁has ▁won ▁numerous ▁awards ▁for ▁excell ence ▁in ▁educational ▁technology ▁and ▁children ' s ▁media ▁including ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁American ▁Association ▁of ▁School ▁L ibr ari ans ▁( A AS L ) ▁Top ▁ 2 5 ▁Best ▁Website ▁for ▁Te aching ▁and ▁Learning ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁K ids ▁at ▁Play ▁Inter active ▁( K AP i ) ▁Award : ▁Tool ▁for ▁Digital ▁Cre ativity ▁and ▁Emp ower ment |
▁▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁International ▁Ser ious ▁Play ▁Awards ▁Gold ▁Medal ▁W inner ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Ind ie cade ▁Awards ▁Final ist ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁E - Line ▁Media ▁ ▁Institute ▁of ▁Play ▁ ▁Mac Ar thur ▁Foundation ▁ ▁Online ▁Learning ▁Guide ▁ ▁Gam est ar ▁Mechan ic ▁Te ach ers ▁ ▁G SM ▁Online ▁Learning ▁Program ▁ ▁Category : On line ▁games ▁Category : G ames ▁of ▁mental ▁skill <0x0A> </s> ▁Z on eton ▁is ▁an ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁located ▁in ▁Bull itt ▁County , ▁Kentucky , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁served ▁by ▁the ▁Z on eton ▁Fire ▁Prote ction ▁District . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Bull itt ▁County , ▁Kentucky ▁Category : Un in cor por ated ▁communities ▁in ▁Kentucky <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Mans uy ▁and ▁Smith ▁Autom obile ▁Show room ▁Building ▁is ▁a ▁historic ▁commercial ▁building ▁at ▁ 3 8 - 4 2 ▁El m ▁Street ▁in ▁Hart ford , ▁Connecticut . ▁ ▁Bu ilt ▁about ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁it ▁is ▁an ▁early ▁example ▁of ▁an ▁autom obile ▁show room , ▁used ▁by ▁a ▁local ▁carriage ▁manufact urer ▁seeking ▁to ▁transition ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁technology . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Description ▁and ▁history ▁The ▁Mans uy ▁and ▁Smith ▁Autom obile ▁Show room ▁Building ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁north ▁side ▁of ▁El m ▁Street |
, ▁in ▁a ▁block ▁of ▁commercial ▁buildings ▁between ▁Pul ask i ▁Circle ▁and ▁Main ▁Street ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁side ▁of ▁dow nt own ▁Hart ford . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁two - story ▁brick ▁building , ▁joined ▁via ▁party ▁walls ▁to ▁adjacent ▁buildings . ▁ ▁Its ▁main ▁fac ade ▁is ▁divided ▁into ▁three ▁sections : ▁on ▁the ▁ground ▁floor , ▁the ▁right ▁section ▁has ▁a ▁gar age ▁bay ▁opening , ▁the ▁left ▁section ▁has ▁a ▁large ▁display ▁window , ▁and ▁the ▁center ▁section ▁has ▁a ▁window ▁and ▁ped est rian ▁entrance . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁second ▁floor , ▁each ▁section ▁has ▁two ▁s ash ▁windows ▁with ▁cast ▁stone ▁s ills ▁and ▁l int els . ▁ ▁A ▁stepped ▁par ap et ▁r ises ▁above ▁the ▁center ▁section . ▁ ▁The ▁history ▁of ▁Mans uy ▁and ▁Smith ▁begins ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 1 , ▁when ▁Louis ▁Mans uy ▁began ▁building ▁carri ages , ▁and ▁was ▁by ▁the ▁third ▁quarter ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁one ▁of ▁Connecticut ' s ▁most ▁successful ▁carriage ▁mak ers . ▁ ▁The ▁company ▁first ▁produced ▁a ▁ph a eton ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁for ▁the ▁Pope ▁Man ufact uring ▁Company ▁as ▁a ▁body ▁for ▁an ▁electric ▁car . ▁ ▁Mans uy ' s ▁grand son , ▁also ▁named ▁Louis , ▁partner ed ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁with ▁Thomas ▁Hamm ond ▁Smith , ▁an ▁early ▁car ▁deal er ▁to ▁eng age ▁in ▁the ▁construction ▁and ▁sale ▁of ▁autom ob iles , |
▁and ▁was ▁engaged ▁in ▁the ▁painting ▁of ▁autom ob iles ▁on ▁these ▁prem ises ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁ 1 9 0 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁business ▁vent ure ▁eventually ▁failed ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁present ▁building ▁appears ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁surv iving ▁rem nant ▁of ▁a ▁larger ▁manufact uring ▁prem ises , ▁but ▁with ▁specific ▁alter ations ▁to ▁present ▁the ▁mer ch and ise ▁in ▁a ▁more ▁attract ive ▁setting . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁list ings ▁in ▁Hart ford , ▁Connecticut ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Com mer cial ▁buildings ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Connecticut ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Hart ford , ▁Connecticut ▁Category : Que en ▁Anne ▁architecture ▁in ▁Connecticut ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Hart ford , ▁Connecticut <0x0A> </s> ▁Ke ber ▁is ▁a ▁surname . ▁Notable ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁surname ▁include : ▁ ▁E lo ise ▁Qu i ñ ones ▁Ke ber , ▁Professor ▁of ▁Art ▁History ▁at ▁Bar uch ▁College ▁J asm ina ▁Ke ber ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 8 ), ▁German - born ▁cross m inton ▁player ▁from ▁Sloven ia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Association ▁on ▁American ▁Indian ▁Affairs ▁( the ▁Association ) ▁is ▁the ▁oldest ▁non - pro fit ▁serving ▁Indian ▁Country ▁protect ing ▁so vere ig nt y , ▁pres erving ▁culture , ▁educ ating ▁youth ▁and ▁building ▁capacity . ▁The |
▁Association ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁to ▁change ▁the ▁destruct ive ▁path ▁of ▁federal ▁policy ▁from ▁assim ilation , ▁term ination ▁and ▁all ot ment , ▁to ▁so vere ig nt y , ▁self - det erm ination ▁and ▁self - su ffic iency . ▁Through out ▁its ▁history , ▁the ▁Association ▁has ▁provided ▁national ▁advoc acy ▁on ▁waters hed ▁issues ▁that ▁support ▁so vere ig nt y ▁and ▁culture , ▁while ▁working ▁at ▁a ▁grass ro ots ▁level ▁with ▁Trib es ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁implementation ▁of ▁programs ▁that ▁affect ▁real ▁lives ▁on ▁the ▁ground . ▁ ▁V ision , ▁Mission ▁and ▁Go als ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁Association ▁was ▁created ▁by ▁an ▁am alg am ation ▁of ▁several ▁non - pro fit ▁Indian ▁organizations ▁that ▁emer ged ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 2 0 s . ▁The ▁Eastern ▁Association ▁on ▁Indian ▁Affairs ▁and ▁the ▁New ▁Mexican ▁Association ▁on ▁American ▁Indian ▁Affairs ▁were ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁the ▁prede cess or ▁groups ▁to ▁formally ▁organ ize ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 2 . ▁The ▁E A IA ▁and ▁N MA AI ▁were ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁aff lu ent ▁non - N atives , ▁most ▁of ▁whom ▁owned ▁land ▁in ▁Santa ▁Fe ▁and ▁wanted ▁to ▁protect ▁P ue blo ▁culture . ▁The ▁American ▁Indian ▁Def ense ▁Association , ▁head ed ▁by ▁John ▁Col lier , ▁formed ▁to ▁fight ▁against ▁the ▁B urs um ▁Bill ▁and ▁the ▁Le av itt ▁Bill , ▁both ▁b ills ▁seeking ▁to ▁end ▁P ue blo ▁t ies |
▁to ▁their ▁lands , ▁and ▁out law ▁cultural ▁practices . ▁These ▁groups ▁merged ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁and ▁eventually ▁cons olid ated ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁the ▁Association ▁on ▁American ▁Indian ▁Affairs . ▁Today , ▁the ▁Association ▁has ▁an ▁all - Native ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁and ▁Executive ▁Director . ▁The ▁Association ▁has ▁w aged ▁in numerable ▁batt les ▁over ▁the ▁years , ▁touch ing ▁on ▁the ▁material ▁and ▁spiritual ▁well - be ing ▁of ▁Indians ▁throughout ▁Indian ▁Country . ▁ ▁Association ▁tim eline ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁AA IA ▁is ▁formed ▁▁▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁AA IA ▁helps ▁P ue bl os ▁protect ▁land ▁and ▁water ▁rights ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁AA IA ▁helps ▁to ▁establish ▁National ▁Congress ▁of ▁American ▁Indians ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁First ▁college ▁scholar ship ▁awarded ▁▁▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁AA IA ▁establish es ▁Field ▁Health ▁N urs ing ▁program ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁AA IA ▁begins ▁effort ▁to ▁prevent ▁Ot itis ▁Media ▁on ▁Indian ▁res erv ations ▁▁▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁AA IA ▁works ▁to ▁protect ▁Ta os ▁Blue ▁Lake ▁▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁Al aska ▁Native ▁Cla ims ▁S ett lement ▁Act ▁en act ed ▁▁▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁Indian ▁Child ▁W elf are ▁Act ▁signed ▁into ▁law ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁AA IA ▁President ▁Ort iz ▁hon ored ▁by ▁Mac Ar thur ▁Foundation ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁Trib al ▁Government ▁Tax ▁Status ▁Act ▁becomes ▁law ▁▁▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁Land |
mark ▁Washington ▁Indian ▁Child ▁W elf are ▁trib al - state ▁agreement ▁signed ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Native ▁American ▁Gra ves ▁Prote ction ▁and ▁Re pat ri ation ▁Act ▁en act ed ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁The ▁Medicine ▁W heel ▁Co al ition ▁for ▁the ▁Prote ction ▁of ▁Sac red ▁S ites ▁established ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁Am end ments ▁to ▁American ▁Indian ▁Relig ious ▁Fre edom ▁Act ▁approved ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁Re aff irm ation ▁of ▁the ▁I one ▁Band ▁of ▁Mi w ok ▁Indians ▁by ▁the ▁federal ▁government ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁B igh orn ▁Medicine ▁W heel ▁Historic ▁Pres ervation ▁plan ▁adopted ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁First ▁AA IA - sp ons ored ▁di ab etes ▁conference ▁takes ▁place ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁AA IA ▁exp ands ▁gr ants ▁to ▁summer ▁cam ps ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁AA IA ▁creates ▁Dak ot ah - language ▁Sc rab ble ▁game ▁and ▁hosts ▁first ▁tournament ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Dak ot ah ▁language ▁K - 1 2 ▁curr icul um ▁completed ▁▁▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Trib al ▁am end ments ▁to ▁Title ▁IV - E ▁F oster ▁Care ▁and ▁A do ption ▁Ass istance ▁Act ▁approved ▁in ▁F ost ering ▁Con ne ctions ▁for ▁Success ▁and ▁In cre asing ▁A do ptions ▁Act ▁ ▁Program s ▁The ▁Association ▁on ▁American ▁Indian ▁Affairs ▁offers ▁under grad uate ▁and ▁gradu ate ▁scholar ships ▁to ▁feder ally ▁recognized ▁and ▁non - recogn ized ▁Trib |
al ▁students . ▁The ▁Association ▁works ▁to ▁protect ▁and ▁ensure ▁appropriate ▁implementation ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Child ▁W elf are ▁Act , ▁which ▁the ▁Association ▁helped ▁to ▁draft ▁and ▁en act ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁to ▁protect ▁Indian ▁children ▁at ▁risk ▁of ▁being ▁placed ▁in ▁fost er ▁care ▁or ▁for ▁ad option . ▁The ▁Association ▁works ▁with ▁Trib es ▁and ▁traditional ▁Indian ▁religious ▁pet ition ers ▁in ▁efforts ▁to ▁protect ▁sacred ▁lands ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁B igh orn ▁Medicine ▁W heel ▁in ▁Wy oming . ▁It ▁works ▁with ▁Trib es ▁to ▁educ ate ▁Native ▁people ▁about ▁di ab etes ▁and ▁health ▁related ▁issues . ▁The ▁Association ▁played ▁a ▁key ▁role ▁in ▁en act ing ▁the ▁Native ▁American ▁Gra ves ▁Prote ction ▁and ▁Re pat ri ation ▁Act ▁and ▁continues ▁to ▁assist ▁efforts ▁to ▁rep atri ate ▁human ▁remains , ▁fun er ary ▁and ▁sacred ▁objects ▁to ▁their ▁tribes . ▁The ▁Association ▁provides ▁fund ing ▁for ▁youth ▁summer ▁cam ps ▁with ▁a ▁cultural , ▁language , ▁subst ance ▁ab use , ▁and ▁health ▁and ▁well ness ▁focus . ▁ ▁The ▁Association works ▁to ▁preserve ▁Native ▁languages , ▁with ▁a ▁particular ▁focus ▁upon ▁the ▁Dak ot ah ▁language . ▁ ▁Youth ▁ ▁Indian ▁Child ▁W elf are ▁Act ▁ ▁The ▁Indian ▁Child ▁W elf are ▁Act ▁( IC WA ) ▁is ▁a ▁federal ▁law ▁that ▁see ks ▁to ▁preserve ▁Native ▁American ▁families ▁and ▁keep ▁American ▁Indian ▁children ▁that ▁must ▁be ▁placed ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁home ▁with ▁American ▁Indian ▁families , ▁whenever ▁possible . ▁The |
▁United ▁States ▁Congress ▁passed ▁IC WA ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁alarm ingly ▁high ▁number ▁of ▁Indian ▁children ▁being ▁removed ▁from ▁their ▁homes ▁by ▁both ▁public ▁and ▁private ▁ag encies . ▁The ▁intent ▁of ▁Congress ▁under ▁IC WA ▁was ▁to ▁" prote ct ▁the ▁best ▁interests ▁of ▁Indian ▁children ▁and ▁to ▁promote ▁the ▁stability ▁and ▁security ▁of ▁Indian ▁tribes ▁and ▁families " ▁( 2 5 ▁U . S . C . ▁§ ▁ 1 9 0 2 ). ▁IC WA ▁sets ▁federal ▁requirements ▁that ▁apply ▁to ▁state ▁child ▁cust ody ▁proceed ings ▁involving ▁an ▁Indian ▁child ▁who ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁or ▁el ig ible ▁for ▁membership ▁in ▁a ▁feder ally ▁recognized ▁tribe . ▁▁ ▁Adv oc acy ▁and ▁research ▁by ▁the ▁Association ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁catal yst ▁for ▁the ▁Act . ▁ ▁AA IA ’ s ▁first ▁activities ▁involved ▁the ▁representation ▁of ▁Indian ▁parents ▁whose ▁children ▁had ▁been ▁wrong fully ▁removed ▁from ▁them , ▁beginning ▁with ▁a ▁case ▁involving ▁the ▁Dev ils ▁Lake ▁Si oux ▁Tri be ▁ ▁Later , ▁AA IA ▁conducted ▁a ▁survey ▁of ▁states ▁with ▁large ▁Indian ▁populations ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁and ▁again ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁which ▁indicated ▁that ▁approximately ▁ 2 5 – 3 5 ▁percent ▁of ▁all ▁Indian ▁children ▁are ▁separated ▁from ▁their ▁families ▁and ▁placed ▁in ▁fost er ▁homes , ▁adopt ive ▁homes , ▁or ▁institutions . ▁▁ ▁AA IA ’ s ▁Executive ▁Director ▁was ▁the ▁lead ▁witness ▁at ▁the ▁first ▁hearing ▁on ▁Indian ▁child |
▁w elf are ▁and ▁worked ▁with ▁Congress ▁to ▁draft ▁the ▁legisl ation . ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁since ▁IC WA ▁was ▁en act ed , ▁AA IA ▁has ▁worked ▁to ▁ensure ▁the ▁effective ▁implementation ▁of ▁the ▁Act . ▁ ▁Sch olar ships ▁The ▁Association ▁offers ▁gradu ate ▁and ▁under grad uate ▁scholar ships ▁to ▁feder ally ▁recognized ▁and ▁non - f eder ally ▁recognized ▁Trib al ▁students . ▁These ▁scholar ships ▁are ▁intended ▁to ▁help ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁Native ▁Americans ▁with ▁their ▁education , ▁regardless ▁of ▁how ▁long ▁they ▁have ▁been ▁in ▁college , ▁or ▁their ▁age . ▁ ▁Summer ▁cam ps ▁The ▁Association ▁on ▁American ▁Indian ▁Affairs ▁supports ▁efforts ▁to ▁provide ▁Native ▁American ▁children ▁with ▁access ▁to ▁summer ▁ ▁programs ▁that ▁increase ▁their ▁understanding ▁of ▁their ▁language , ▁culture , ▁and ▁that ▁educ ate ▁youth ▁about ▁di ab etes . ▁ ▁Cultural ▁and ▁community ▁pres ervation ▁ ▁Native ▁language ▁pres ervation ▁AA IA ▁Native ▁Language ▁Pres ervation ▁program ▁produces ▁materials ▁in ▁the ▁Dak ot ah ▁language ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁pr esch ools , ▁day car es ▁and ▁schools ▁and ▁by ▁families ▁for ▁language ▁learning ▁in ▁the ▁home . ▁Because ▁there ▁are ▁few ▁fl uent ▁Dak ota ▁speak ers ▁left ▁and ▁most ▁are ▁el ders ▁over ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 5 5 , ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁strong ▁need ▁for ▁language ▁pres ervation . ▁Young er ▁people ▁may ▁have ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁understand ▁certain ▁phr ases ▁or ▁sing ▁Dak ota ▁songs ▁but ▁lack ▁the ▁prof ic iency ▁to ▁keep ▁the ▁language |
▁alive ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁generation . ▁AA IA ▁materials ▁include ▁books , ▁MS ▁Power Point ▁present ations , ▁DVD s , ▁CD s , ▁and ▁an ▁animation ▁piece ▁that ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁Best ▁An imation ▁at ▁the ▁Native ▁Vo ices ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁with ▁the ▁permission ▁of ▁Has bro , ▁AA IA ▁created ▁an ▁official ▁Dak ota ▁version ▁of ▁Sc rab ble , ▁including ▁a ▁ 2 0 7 - page ▁dictionary ▁for ▁use ▁with ▁the ▁game . ▁It ▁has ▁spons ored ▁Dak ot ah - language ▁Sc rab ble ▁tournament s ▁and ▁made ▁the ▁games ▁available ▁to ▁schools ▁throughout ▁Dak ot ah ▁communities . ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Jo ining ▁with ▁the ▁S isset on ▁W ah pet on ▁College , ▁the ▁Association ▁on ▁American ▁Indian ▁Affairs ▁produced ▁the ▁first ▁rap ▁song ▁ever ▁recorded ▁in ▁the ▁Dak ot ah ▁language ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁The ▁rap ▁song , ▁titled ▁“ W ico z ani ▁Mit awa ,” ▁or ▁“ My ▁Life ,” ▁was ▁recorded ▁at ▁a ▁studio ▁on ▁the ▁S isset on ▁W ah pet on ▁College ▁campus ▁in ▁S isset on , ▁South ▁Dak ota , ▁on ▁the ▁Lake ▁Tra verse ▁Res ervation . ▁“ The ▁entire ▁concept ▁behind ▁this ▁project ▁is ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁way ▁to ▁have ▁an ▁entire ▁generation ▁of ▁young ▁people ▁actually ▁hear ▁Dak ot ah ▁being ▁used ,” ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Native ▁Language ▁Program ▁for ▁AA IA , ▁Tam my ▁Dec ote au , ▁said . ▁▁ ▁The ▁program |
▁has ▁also ▁created ▁a ▁K - 2 ▁Dak ot ah ▁language ▁curr icul um ▁which ▁all ▁includes ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁books , ▁CD s , ▁games ▁and ▁other ▁materials ▁needed ▁for ▁implementation ▁of ▁the ▁curr icul um . ▁▁▁▁ ▁All ▁of ▁AA IA ’ s ▁language ▁materials ▁are ▁available ▁for ▁translation ▁into ▁other ▁Native ▁languages . ▁ ▁Sac red ▁lands ▁AA IA ▁has ▁worked ▁on ▁sacred ▁site ▁protection ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁its ▁history . ▁ ▁Its ▁work ▁has ▁included ▁efforts ▁to ▁protect ▁such ▁sites ▁as ▁Dev ils ▁Tower ▁and ▁the ▁Medicine ▁W heel ▁in ▁Wy oming , ▁and ▁Bear ▁But te ▁in ▁South ▁Dak ota . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁the ▁B igh orn ▁Medicine ▁W heel , ▁AA IA ▁helped ▁create ▁the ▁Medicine ▁W heel ▁Co al ition , ▁a ▁coal ition ▁of ▁Pla ins ▁Trib es ▁who ▁have ▁a ▁traditional ▁history ▁of ▁using ▁the ▁Medicine ▁W heel ▁and ▁Medicine ▁Mountain ▁for ▁spiritual ▁purposes . ▁With ▁the ▁assistance ▁of ▁AA IA , ▁the ▁Co al ition ▁negoti ated ▁and ▁signed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁a ▁land mark ▁Historic ▁Pres ervation ▁Plan ▁( HP P ) ▁with ▁the ▁Forest ▁Service , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁state ▁and ▁local ▁government ▁ag encies , ▁designed ▁to ▁ensure ▁that ▁the ▁entire ▁area ▁around ▁Medicine ▁W heel ▁and ▁Medicine ▁Mountain ▁is ▁managed ▁in ▁a ▁manner ▁that ▁protect s ▁the ▁integrity ▁of ▁the ▁site ▁as ▁a ▁sacred ▁site . ▁▁ ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁worked ▁to ▁protect ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Pe aks ▁which ▁are ▁sacred ▁to ▁more |
▁than ▁a ▁dozen ▁South west ▁tribes , ▁affect ▁national ▁policy ▁in ▁regard ▁to ▁sacred ▁lands , ▁and ▁provide ▁legal ▁training ▁to ▁trib al ▁advoc ates ▁and ▁federal ▁officials ▁regarding ▁the ▁laws ▁applicable ▁to ▁sacred ▁lands ▁protection . ▁ ▁Re pat ri ation ▁The ▁Association ▁on ▁American ▁Indian ▁Affairs ▁worked ▁closely ▁with ▁Congress ▁and ▁other ▁Indian ▁advoc ates ▁during ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁Native ▁American ▁Gra ves ▁Prote ction ▁and ▁Re pat ri ation ▁Act ▁( NA GP RA ). ▁En act ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁NA GP RA ▁provides ▁for ▁the ▁return ▁of ▁human ▁remains ▁and ▁cultural ▁items ▁to ▁ind igen ous ▁pe op les , ▁including ▁fun er ary ▁objects , ▁sacred ▁objects ▁and ▁cultural ▁pat rim ony . ▁▁ ▁NA GP RA ▁contains ▁prov isions ▁regarding ▁the ▁ownership ▁of ▁cultural ▁resources , ▁the ▁rep atri ation ▁of ▁these ▁resources ▁to ▁tribes ▁and ▁line al ▁descend ants , ▁and ▁a ▁prohib ition ▁on ▁tra ff ick ing ▁in ▁these ▁resources . ▁ ▁Due ▁in ▁large ▁part ▁to ▁this ▁Act , ▁museum s ▁and ▁federal ▁ag encies ▁across ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁have ▁invent or ied ▁and ▁rep atri ated ▁thousands ▁of ▁remains ▁and ▁objects ▁held ▁in ▁their ▁collections . ▁AA IA ▁has ▁been ▁very ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁implementation ▁of ▁NA GP RA , ▁having ▁facil itated ▁rep atri ation ▁of ▁almost ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁human ▁remains ▁to ▁Dak ota ▁tribes ▁and ▁sacred ▁objects ▁to ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁tribes , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁fil ing ▁am icus |
▁brief s ▁in ▁NA GP RA ▁cases , ▁writing ▁legal ▁anal ys es ▁of ▁NA GP RA ▁for ▁public ▁education ▁purposes ▁and ▁fil ing ▁comments ▁on ▁proposed ▁reg ulations . ▁AA IA ▁is ▁committed ▁to ▁assist ing ▁in ▁the ▁return ▁of ▁sacred ▁cer emon ial ▁material ▁to ▁the ▁appropriate ▁American ▁Indian ▁nation , ▁cl an , ▁or ▁family , ▁and ▁to ▁educ ating ▁the ▁public ▁about ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁rep atri ation . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Association ▁of ▁American ▁Indian ▁Affairs ▁Pap ers ▁at ▁the ▁See ley ▁G . ▁M ud d ▁Man us cript ▁Library , ▁Pr inc eton ▁University ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : Native ▁American ▁organizations ▁Category : Non - pro fit ▁organizations ▁based ▁in ▁Maryland ▁Category : Char ities ▁based ▁in ▁Maryland <0x0A> </s> ▁P äll ast vere ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁J är va ▁Par ish , ▁J är va ▁County ▁in ▁central ▁Est onia . ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁J är va ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Ham aw and ▁are ▁a ▁Kur d ish ▁tribe ▁from ▁Northern ▁Ira q . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁they ▁re bel led ▁against ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁During ▁the ▁Ira qi ▁Civil ▁War ▁( 2 0 1 4 – 2 0 1 7 ), ▁they ▁fought ▁against ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁State ▁of ▁Ira q ▁and ▁the ▁Lev ant ▁alongside ▁other ▁Kur d ish ▁tribes . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category |
: K urd ish ▁tribes <0x0A> </s> ▁Con rad ▁Will ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Con rad ▁Will ▁( polit ician ) ▁( 1 7 7 9 – 1 8 3 5 ), ▁American ▁phys ician , ▁politician , ▁and ▁pione er ▁ ▁Con rad ▁Will ▁( tri ath lete ) ▁( 1 9 4 1 – 2 0 0 2 ), ▁American ▁early ▁pione er ▁in ▁the ▁sport ▁of ▁tri ath lon <0x0A> </s> ▁All ▁That ▁Rem ains ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Liter ature ▁ ▁All ▁That ▁Rem ains ▁( nov el ), ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁novel ▁by ▁Pat ric ia ▁Corn well ▁ ▁All ▁That ▁Rem ains : ▁The ▁Palest in ian ▁Vill ages ▁Occ up ied ▁and ▁De pop ulated ▁by ▁Israel ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁a ▁book ▁by ▁Wal id ▁K hal idi ▁ ▁Music ▁ ▁All ▁That ▁Rem ains ▁( band ), ▁an ▁American ▁heavy ▁metal ▁band ▁ ▁All ▁That ▁Rem ains ▁( album ), ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁album ▁by ▁F oz zy , ▁or ▁the ▁title ▁song ▁ ▁All ▁That ▁Rem ains ▁( EP ), ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁EP ▁by ▁Circle ▁II ▁Circle , ▁or ▁the ▁title ▁song ▁ ▁" All ▁That ▁Rem ains ", ▁a ▁song ▁by ▁ 3 ▁from ▁The ▁End ▁Is ▁Beg un ▁ ▁" All ▁That ▁Rem ains ", ▁a ▁song ▁by ▁Bol t ▁Th ro wer ▁from ▁Real m ▁of ▁Cha os ▁ ▁Other ▁uses ▁ ▁All ▁That ▁Rem |
ains ▁( film ), ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁film ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁Tak ashi ▁Nag ai ▁ ▁" All ▁That ▁Rem ains " ▁( The ▁Walk ing ▁Dead ), ▁an ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁graph ic ▁advent ure ▁The ▁Walk ing ▁Dead : ▁Season ▁Two <0x0A> </s> ▁Ara pi ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Ara pi , ▁Armen ia , ▁town ▁in ▁Armen ia ▁Maj a ▁e ▁A rap it , ▁mountain ▁in ▁Alban ia ▁ ▁People ▁Ren ato ▁Ara pi , ▁Alban ian ▁footballer ▁Flor enc ▁Ara pi ▁( football er ), ▁Alban ian ▁footballer <0x0A> </s> ▁Lav iz an ▁( Pers ian : ل َ و ی ز ا ن , also ▁roman ized ▁as ▁Lav iz ā n ) ▁is ▁a ▁forest ▁park ▁located ▁in ▁Sh em ir an at ▁County ▁in ▁Te h ran ▁Province , ▁Iran ▁( N orth ▁East ▁Te h ran ). ▁Lav iz an ▁Forest ▁Park ▁is ▁a ▁recre ation ▁area ▁used ▁by ▁people ▁from ▁Lav iz an ▁and ▁Te h ran . ▁Its ▁area ▁is ▁about ▁ 1 1 0 0 ▁hect ares . ▁ ▁Veg et ation ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁veget ation ▁in ▁Lav iz an ▁Forest ▁Park : ▁▁ ▁Cy press ▁ ▁Pl atan us ▁ ▁Oak ▁ ▁Robin ia ▁ ▁Map le ▁ ▁Fe atures ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁features ▁in ▁Lav iz an ▁Forest ▁Park : ▁▁ ▁Sn ack ▁bar ▁ ▁C off ee ▁shop ▁( ca f é ) ▁ ▁Public ▁to ile t ▁ ▁Per g |
ola ▁ ▁Mos que ▁ ▁Te h ran ▁Bird s ▁Garden ▁ ▁Te h ran ▁Bird s ▁Garden ▁is ▁other ▁tour ist ▁att raction ▁in ▁Lav iz an ▁Forest ▁Park . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : For est ▁par ks ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Te h ran <0x0A> </s> ▁Ox hill ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁South ▁War wick shire , ▁England , ▁off ▁the ▁A 4 2 2 ▁road ▁between ▁Str at ford - up on - Av on ▁and ▁Ban bury . ▁The ▁population ▁taken ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁census ▁was ▁ 3 0 5 . ▁It ▁lies ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁Str at ford - on - Av on ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁V ale ▁of ▁the ▁Red ▁Hor se . ▁The ▁village ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁the ▁Dom es day ▁Book ▁as ▁" Oct es elve " ▁and ▁has ▁a ▁ 1 2 th - century ▁church ▁dedicated ▁to ▁Saint ▁Lawrence . ▁ ▁The ▁indent ions ▁in ▁the ▁ch an cel ▁window ▁m ull ions ▁are ▁believed ▁by ▁many ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁marks ▁made ▁by ▁local ▁arch ers ▁sh ar pen ing ▁their ▁arrow head s . ▁Because ▁of ▁the ▁hol iness ▁and ▁sacred ness ▁of ▁the ▁church , ▁the ▁bl essed ▁ar rows ▁were ▁also ▁pres umed ▁to ▁have ▁divine ▁accuracy . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁gra vey ard ▁of ▁St ▁Lawrence ▁there ▁is ▁what ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁only ▁slave ' s ▁grave ▁in ▁War wick shire , ▁that ▁of ▁a ▁negro |
▁slave ▁called ▁My r til la . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Village ▁of ▁Ox hill ▁on ▁the ▁Web ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁War wick shire ▁Category : C ivil ▁par ishes ▁in ▁War wick shire ▁Category : Str at ford - on - Av on ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁El man ▁Sultan ov ▁( born ▁May ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁A zer ba ij ani - Is ra eli - U k rain ian ▁professional ▁footballer ▁and ▁current ▁Reserve ▁team ▁coach ▁for ▁Sab ail ▁FK . ▁ ▁National ▁team ▁statistics ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : A zer ba ij ani ▁football ers ▁Category : A zer ba ij an ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : A zer ba ij ani ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Is ra eli ▁football ers ▁Category : H ap o el ▁T za fri rim ▁Hol on ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁A zer ba ij an ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : FC ▁Vor sk la ▁Pol t ava ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁P ott l itzer ▁House ▁at ▁ 8 0 1 ▁Brown ▁St . ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁historic ▁Cent enn ial ▁Ne igh bor hood ▁in ▁La f ay ette , ▁Indiana . ▁This ▁P ott l itzer ▁house ▁was ▁constructed ▁in ▁ 1 8 |
9 3 ▁by ▁Leo ▁and ▁Minn ie ▁P ott l itzer . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁mixture ▁of ▁Col onial ▁Rev ival , ▁Ch ate au ▁and ▁Queen ▁Anne ▁styles . ▁When ▁constructed ▁it ▁cost ▁$ 9 0 0 0 , ▁about ▁$ 2 6 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁today ' s ▁value . ▁The ▁fin ial s ▁and ▁o vers ized ▁g ables ▁with ▁low ▁relief ▁sculpt ures ▁are ▁indic ative ▁of ▁the ▁ec lect ic ▁style ▁popular ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁The ▁most ▁notable ▁feature , ▁the ▁tall ▁sp ires ▁on ▁the ▁roof , ▁are ▁the ▁only ▁known ▁ext ant ▁resident ial ▁example ▁of ▁this ▁style ▁in ▁La f ay ette . ▁The ▁P ott l itzer ▁House ▁caught ▁on ▁fire ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁sever ely ▁dam aging ▁the ▁rear ▁of ▁the ▁structure . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁La f ay ette , ▁Indiana ▁Category : H ouses ▁in ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁County , ▁Indiana ▁Category : H ouses ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁Category : H ouses ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : H istor ic ▁district ▁contrib uting ▁properties ▁in ▁Indiana ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁T ipp ec ano e ▁County , ▁Indiana <0x0A> </s> ▁Bé la ▁V arga ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Bé la ▁V arga ▁( w rest ler ) ▁( 1 8 8 8 – |
1 9 6 9 ), ▁Hung arian ▁Olympic ▁wrest ler ▁ ▁Bé la ▁V arga ▁( polit ician ) ▁( 1 9 0 3 – 1 9 9 5 ), ▁Hung arian ▁Catholic ▁priest ▁and ▁politician <0x0A> </s> ▁La uren ▁Corn ell ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁cur ator ▁and ▁writer ▁based ▁in ▁New ▁York . ▁Corn ell ▁is ▁the ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁Gr adu ate ▁Program ▁at ▁the ▁Center ▁for ▁Cur atorial ▁Studies , ▁B ard ▁College , ▁and ▁Chief ▁Cur ator ▁of ▁the ▁H essel ▁Museum ▁of ▁Art . ▁Pre viously , ▁she ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁New ▁Museum ▁for ▁twelve ▁years ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁Executive ▁Director ▁of ▁their ▁affili ate ▁Rh iz ome ▁( 2 0 0 5 - 2 0 1 2 ). ▁ ▁Biography ▁Corn ell ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City . ▁She ▁started ▁her ▁career ▁in ▁the ▁arts ▁as ▁the ▁Executive ▁Director ▁of ▁O cular is , ▁a ▁now - closed ▁cinema ▁in ▁Brook lyn , ▁New ▁York . ▁She ▁joined ▁the ▁New ▁Museum ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁where ▁she ▁worked ▁on ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁Gener ational ▁show , ▁Young er ▁Th an ▁Jesus , ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁Executive ▁Director ▁of ▁Rh iz ome , ▁an ▁organization ▁that ▁comm issions , ▁exhib its , ▁and ▁pres erves ▁art ▁engaged ▁with ▁technology . ▁She ▁stepped ▁down ▁from ▁her ▁role ▁at ▁Rh iz ome ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁to ▁cur ate ▁the ▁New ▁Museum ' s ▁third ▁Gener ational ▁Tri enn ial , |
▁S urr ound ▁A udi ence , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Corn ell ▁and ▁Ed ▁Hal ter ▁co - ed ited ▁the ▁anth ology ▁Mass ▁Effect : ▁Art ▁and ▁the ▁Internet ▁in ▁the ▁Tw enty - First ▁Century ▁( 2 0 1 6 ). ▁ ▁She ▁has ▁contributed ▁to ▁publications ▁including ▁A pert ure , ▁Art ▁in ▁America , ▁Art Re view , ▁F rie ze , ▁and ▁M ous se , ▁and ▁written ▁on ▁artists ▁for ▁mon ographic ▁catalog ues . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Arts y ▁named ▁Corn ell ▁one ▁of ▁" The ▁ 2 0 ▁Most ▁In flu ential ▁Young ▁Cur ators ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ." ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Corn ell ▁was ▁the ▁recip ient ▁of ▁Art Table ' s ▁New ▁Le ad ership ▁Award . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁she ▁was ▁named ▁an ▁Apol lo ▁ 4 0 ▁under ▁ 4 0 . ▁ ▁Seven ▁on ▁Seven ▁conference ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Corn ell ▁founded ▁Rh iz ome ' s ▁Seven ▁on ▁Seven ▁conference , ▁which ▁brid ges ▁contemporary ▁art ▁and ▁technology ▁fields ▁by ▁pair ing ▁techn ological ▁innov ators ▁with ▁visual ▁artists ▁and ▁challeng ing ▁them ▁to ▁develop ▁something ▁over ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁a ▁day . ▁Seven ▁on ▁Seven ▁was ▁inspired ▁by ▁Exper iments ▁in ▁Art ▁and ▁Technology ▁( E . A . T .), ▁a ▁project ▁launched ▁by ▁Billy ▁Kl ü ver ▁and ▁Robert ▁R aus chen |
berg ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁which ▁organized ▁collabor ations ▁between ▁artists ▁and ▁engine ers ▁at ▁Bell ▁L abs . ▁ ▁Qu otes ▁ ▁“ It ’ s ▁important ▁to ▁consist ently ▁inter rog ate ▁what ▁exact ▁fre ed oms ▁or ▁limitations ▁structure ▁our ▁information ▁environment .” ▁ ▁" Good ▁cur ators ▁don ’ t ▁just ▁show ▁established ▁artists ▁or ▁re iter ate ▁well - t rod den ▁art ▁histor ies ▁but ▁work ▁to ▁expand , ▁comp licate ▁and ▁critique ▁these ▁narr atives ▁and ▁open ▁the ▁doors ▁of ▁art ▁to ▁less er - known ▁or ▁new ▁voices ." ▁ ▁Ex hib itions ▁ ▁Young - H ae ▁Ch ang ▁He avy ▁Indust ries ▁Black ▁on ▁White , ▁Gray ▁As c ending , ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁– ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁( co - cur ated ▁with ▁Laura ▁H opt man ) ▁ ▁New ▁Museum ▁Tri enn ial : ▁Young er ▁Th an ▁Jesus , ▁April – J uly ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁( co - cur ated ▁with ▁Mass im il iano ▁G ioni ▁and ▁Laura ▁H opt man ) ▁ ▁Free , ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 0 - J anu ary ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁ ▁Walk ing ▁Dr ifting ▁Drag ging , ▁January – F ebru ary ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁ ▁New ▁Museum ▁Tri enn ial : ▁S urr ound ▁A udi ence , ▁February – May ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁( co - cur ated ▁with ▁Ryan |
▁T rec art in ) ▁ ▁Song , ▁Str ategy , ▁Sign : ▁Beat riz ▁Santiago ▁Mun oz ▁( co - cur ated ▁with ▁Johann a ▁Bur ton ▁and ▁S ara ▁O ’ K ee ffe ) ▁ ▁In visible ▁Ad vers aries ▁at ▁C CS ▁B ard , ▁June – Se ptember ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁( co - cur ated ▁with ▁Tom ▁E cc les ) ▁ ▁Daniel ▁Ste eg mann ▁Mang rane : ▁A ▁Trans parent ▁Le af ▁Instead ▁of ▁the ▁M outh ▁at ▁C CS ▁B ard ▁ ▁Selected ▁Writ ings ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁Int ens ity ▁and ▁Integr ity ▁of ▁Ian ▁White , ▁F rie ze ▁ ▁Mass ▁Effect , ▁M ous se ▁Magazine ▁▁▁ ▁Self - Port rait ure ▁in ▁the ▁First - Person ▁Age , ▁A pert ure ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Studio : ▁D ara ▁Bir n baum , ▁Art ▁in ▁America ▁ ▁Te ch no - anim ism , ▁M ous se ▁Magazine ▁ ▁Down ▁the ▁Line , ▁F rie ze ▁ ▁Publications ▁▁ ▁Corn ell , ▁La uren , ▁Mass im il iano ▁G ioni , ▁and ▁Laura ▁H opt man , ▁ed s . ▁Young er ▁Th an ▁Jesus : ▁The ▁Re ader ▁( New ▁York : ▁New ▁Museum ▁/ ▁London : ▁Ste id l ▁& ▁Part ners , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁Corn ell , ▁La uren , ▁ed ., ▁Free . ▁New ▁York : ▁New ▁Museum , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁Corn ell , ▁La uren ▁and |
▁Hel ga ▁Christ off ers en , ▁ed s . ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Tri enn ial : ▁S urr ound ▁A udi ence . ▁New ▁York : ▁New ▁Museum ▁/ ▁R izz oli ▁Ski ra , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁Corn ell , ▁La uren ▁and ▁Ed ▁Hal ter , ▁ed s . ▁Mass ▁Effect : ▁Art ▁and ▁the ▁Internet ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁Century . ▁New ▁York : ▁New ▁Museum ▁/ ▁Cambridge , ▁MA : ▁the ▁M IT ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁Corn ell , ▁La uren ▁and ▁E cc les , ▁Tom , ▁ed s . ▁In visible ▁Ad vers aries . ▁New ▁York : ▁H essel ▁Museum , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁cur ators ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Two ▁of ▁Us ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁gay - th emed ▁BBC ▁television ▁film ▁written ▁by ▁Les lie ▁Stewart ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁Roger ▁Ton ge . ▁It ▁was ▁produced ▁for ▁the ▁BBC ▁School s ▁Sc ene ▁series , ▁and ▁intended ▁for ▁young ▁adult s . ▁ ▁It ▁confront ed ▁the ▁Th atch er ite ▁government ' s ▁attempt ▁to ▁ban ▁gay ▁sex ▁education ▁in ▁schools ▁via ▁the ▁controvers ial ▁( and ▁since ▁repe aled ) ▁section ▁ 2 8 ▁legisl ation . ▁ ▁Given ▁this ▁back drop , ▁the ▁BBC |
▁opt ed ▁not ▁to ▁show ▁it ▁during ▁the ▁day ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁screen ed ▁late ▁at ▁night , ▁even ▁though ▁it ▁was ▁originally ▁created ▁for ▁a ▁school ▁audience . ▁It ▁wasn ' t ▁until ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁that ▁the ▁play ▁was ▁shown ▁during ▁the ▁day . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁cent res ▁on ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁Phil , ▁a ▁fun ▁lov ing ▁student ▁in ▁his ▁final ▁year ▁at ▁British ▁secondary ▁school . ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁going ▁steady ▁with ▁girl friend ▁Sh aron , ▁whose ▁best ▁friend ▁V era ▁( an ▁early ▁role ▁for ▁Kath y ▁Bur ke ) ▁just ▁happens ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁h ots ▁for ▁his ▁best ▁mate ▁Matthew . ▁However , ▁Matthew ▁is ▁gay , ▁and ▁dropped ▁out ▁of ▁school ▁the ▁previous ▁year ▁as ▁a ▁means ▁of ▁esc aping ▁the ▁ab use ▁of ▁the ▁class room , ▁only ▁for ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁his ▁collection ▁of ▁soft - core ▁gay ▁por n ▁to ▁cause ▁him ▁problems ▁at ▁home ▁as ▁well . ▁Matthew ▁is ▁an ▁ar dent ▁sw immer ▁- ▁an ▁opportunity ▁for ▁the ▁film ▁to ▁immediately ▁use ▁and ▁confront ▁an ▁obvious ▁s tere ot ype . ▁ ▁Phil ▁is ▁torn ▁between ▁the ▁real isation ▁that ▁whilst ▁he ▁lov es ▁Sh aron , ▁he ▁equally ▁has ▁feelings ▁for ▁Matthew . ▁ ▁He ▁tries ▁to ▁have ▁it ▁both ▁ways , ▁introdu cing ▁the ▁one ▁to ▁the ▁other ▁- ▁prompt ing ▁V era ▁to ▁describe ▁him ▁as ▁a ▁" l ittle ▁w orm " ▁when ▁Sh aron ▁runs ▁off ▁in ▁dist |
ress . ▁ ▁T ired ▁of ▁the ▁comp lications ▁of ▁life ▁at ▁home , ▁Phil ▁and ▁Matthew ▁decide ▁to ▁el ope ▁to ▁the ▁coast al ▁resort ▁of ▁Se af ord ▁on ▁the ▁Sus sex ▁coast . ▁ ▁Sh aron ▁follows ▁him , ▁determined ▁to ▁reg ain ▁her ▁" f ella ". ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁has ▁two ▁end ings . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁original ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁release , ▁Phil ▁returns ▁to ▁Matthew ▁at ▁the ▁beach , ▁and ▁they ▁run ▁together ▁into ▁the ▁ocean . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁re - re leased ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁with ▁an ▁ending ▁where ▁Phil ▁appears ▁to ▁leave ▁with ▁Sh aron , ▁but ▁Matthew ▁dec ides ▁that ▁life ▁must ▁go ▁on ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁his ▁own ▁person . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁television ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 8 0 s ▁L GB T - related ▁films ▁Category : B rit ish ▁L GB T - related ▁films ▁Category : B rit ish ▁television ▁films ▁Category : B rit ish ▁films ▁Category : B BC ▁Television ▁program mes <0x0A> </s> ▁Prof . ▁Ol ga ▁Kap eli uk ▁( ; ▁b . ▁ 1 9 3 2 , ▁Krak ów , ▁Poland ) ▁is ▁an ▁Isra eli ▁lingu ist . ▁ ▁Kap eli uk , ▁who ▁is ▁professor ▁emer it us ▁of ▁lingu istics ▁and ▁African ▁studies , ▁was ▁c ited ▁as ▁being ▁among ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁Isra eli ▁lingu ists ▁and ▁research |
ers ▁of ▁Sem it ic ▁languages , ▁especially ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁languages ▁and ▁modern ▁Ar ama ic ▁dialect s . ▁She ▁has ▁earned ▁an ▁international ▁reputation ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁leading ▁exper ts ▁in ▁the ▁Am har ic ▁language ▁of ▁Eth iop ia . ▁With ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁large - scale ▁imm igration ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁Jews ▁to ▁Israel , ▁she ▁served ▁an ▁important ▁function ▁as ▁an ▁ad visor ▁to ▁the ▁nation ’ s ▁educational ▁system . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Kap eli uk ▁received ▁the ▁Israel ▁Prize ▁for ▁lingu istics . ▁ ▁Publications ▁The ▁language ▁of ▁dialog ue ▁in ▁modern ▁Am har ic ▁literature ▁[ in ▁Heb rew ]. ▁Ph . D . ▁dis sert ation . ▁The ▁Heb rew ▁University , ▁Jerusalem ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁Books : ▁ ▁Q . I . ▁Mar og ul ov , ▁Gr amma ire ▁né o - s y ria que ▁pour ▁é col es ▁d ' ad ult es ▁- ▁trad uit ▁du ▁né o - s y ria que ▁par ▁Ol ga ▁Kap eli uk . ▁Paris : ▁P . ▁Ge uth ner ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁( G LE CS ▁- ▁Supp lé ment ▁ 5 ). ▁ ▁Nom inal ization ▁in ▁Am har ic . ▁Wies b aden : ▁F . ▁Ste iner ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁( A eth iop istische ▁Forsch ungen ▁ 2 3 ): ▁ 1 7 1 ▁pp . ▁ ▁Syntax ▁of |
▁the ▁N oun ▁in ▁Am har ic . ▁Wies b aden : ▁O . ▁Harr ass ow itz ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁( A eth iop istische ▁Forsch ungen ▁ 3 7 ): ▁ 1 2 9 ▁pp . ▁ ▁Selected ▁Pap ers ▁in ▁Eth io - S emit ic ▁and ▁Ne o - Ar ama ic ▁L ingu istics . ▁Jerusalem , ▁Mag nes ▁Press ▁ 2 0 0 9 : ▁ 5 7 9 ▁pp . ▁Articles : ▁ ▁A ux ili ares ▁descript ifs ▁en ▁am h ari que . ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁International ▁Conference ▁on ▁Sem it ic ▁Studies ▁ ▁- ▁Jerusalem ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁Jerusalem : ▁Israel ▁Academy ▁of ▁Sciences ▁ 1 9 6 9 : ▁ 1 1 6 - 1 3 1 ▁ ▁L ' emplo i ▁de ▁la ▁marque ▁de ▁l ' acc us atif ▁- n ▁en ▁am h ari que . ▁Israel ▁Oriental ▁Studies ▁( T el ▁Av iv ) ▁ 2 ▁( 1 9 7 2 ): ▁▁ 1 8 3 - 2 1 4 . ▁ ▁Tra itement ▁sp י cial ▁du ▁corps ▁et ▁de ▁l ' ame ▁dans ▁la ▁syntax e ▁Eth iop ienne . ▁Journal ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁Studies ▁( Add is ▁Ab aba ) ▁ 1 1 ▁( 1 9 7 3 ): ▁ 1 4 3 - 1 6 0 . ▁ ▁Les ▁nom s ▁am h ari ques ▁a ▁finale ▁- o . ▁Gr oupe ▁L ingu istique |
▁d ' E t udes ▁Cham ito - S י mit iques ▁= ▁G LE CS ▁( Par is ) ▁ 1 8 - 2 3 ▁( 1 9 7 3 - 1 9 7 9 ): ▁ 2 1 5 - 2 1 7 . ▁ ▁Part ic ules ▁d ' en cha מ nement ▁et ▁de ▁r י f י rence ▁en ▁am h ari que . ▁id : ▁ 2 4 1 - 2 4 3 . ▁ ▁Les ▁n י olog ism es ▁Eth iop iens . ▁id : ▁ 3 2 1 - 3 2 3 . ▁ ▁Mod al ies ▁d ' action ▁et ▁aspects ▁en ▁am h ari que . ▁id : ▁ 6 7 3 - 6 8 3 . ▁ ▁En core ▁sur ▁ress ahu ▁et ▁ress ich ch alle hu . ▁R asse g na ▁di ▁St udi ▁E ti op ici ▁( R ome ) ▁ 2 5 ▁( 1 9 7 4 ): ▁ 1 8 3 - 2 1 4 . ▁ ▁Part icles ▁of ▁concaten ation ▁and ▁reference ▁in ▁Am har ic . ▁Bul letin ▁of ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Oriental ▁and ▁African ▁Studies ▁( Lond on ) ▁ 4 1 ▁( 1 9 7 8 ): ▁ 2 7 2 - 2 8 2 . ▁ ▁Qu el ques ▁rem ar ques ▁sur ▁l ' emplo i ▁de ▁l ' acc us atif ▁en ▁s י mit ique ▁ י th iop ien ▁et ▁en ▁ara be ▁class ique |
. ▁Stud ia ▁Oriental ia ▁Mem oria e ▁D . H . ▁Ban eth ▁D edic ata . ▁Jerusalem : ▁Mag nes ▁Press ▁ 1 9 7 9 : ▁ 2 2 5 - 2 3 8 . ▁ ▁Sur ▁le ▁r פ le ▁de ▁la ▁forme ▁relative ▁en ▁t igr ign a . ▁ ▁Bibli othe ca ▁Orient alis ▁( Le iden ) ▁ 3 7 / 1 - 2 ▁( 1 9 8 0 ): ▁col . ▁ 1 6 - 2 3 ▁( main ▁article ). ▁ ▁E volution ▁de ▁la ▁phrase ▁am h ari que ▁- ▁la ▁nom inal isation ▁du ▁ver be . ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁International ▁Conference ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁Studies ▁- ▁Nice ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁Rot ter dam : ▁A . A . ▁B alk ema ▁ 1 9 8 0 : ▁ 9 7 - 1 0 6 . ▁ ▁Language ▁policy ▁in ▁Eth iop ia ▁since ▁the ▁revolution ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁Asian ▁and ▁African ▁Studies ▁( Ha ifa ) ▁ 1 4 ▁( 1 9 8 0 ): ▁ 2 6 9 - 2 7 8 . ▁ ▁‘ Il ▁sem ble ▁que ’ ▁ou ▁‘ il ▁sem ble ▁qui ’ ▁- ▁un ▁probl ט me ▁de ▁syntax e ▁am h ari que . ▁Studies ▁Pres ented ▁to ▁H . J . ▁Pol ot sky ▁edited ▁by ▁D . ▁W . ▁Young . ▁Gl ouc ester ▁MA : ▁P irt le |
▁& ▁Pol son ▁ 1 9 8 1 : ▁ 5 1 - 6 7 . ▁ ▁Om ni pr י s ence ▁de ▁la ▁pr י dic ation ▁en ▁n י o - י th iop ien . ▁Bul letin ▁de ▁la ▁Soci י t י ▁de ▁L ingu istique ▁( Par is ) ▁ 7 7 ▁( 1 9 8 2 ): ▁XI - X IV . ▁ ▁Les ▁nom s ▁termin י s ▁en ▁- o ▁en ▁am h ari que . ▁Gu irl ande ▁pour ▁Abb a ▁J י r פ me ▁edited ▁by ▁J . ▁T ub iana . ▁Nice ▁ 1 9 8 3 : ▁ 2 7 5 - 2 8 5 . ▁ ▁Les ▁ver bes ▁red ond ants ▁en ▁am h ari que . ▁Eth iop ian ▁Studies ▁D edic ated ▁to ▁Wolf ▁Les lau ▁edited ▁by ▁S . ▁Seg ert ▁and ▁A . ▁J . ▁E . ▁Bod rog lig eti . ▁Wies b aden : ▁O . ▁Harr ass ow itz ▁ 1 9 8 3 : ▁ 2 5 4 - 2 7 4 . ▁ ▁L ' express iv it י ▁dans ▁le ▁ver be ▁am h ari que . ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁ 7 th ▁International ▁Conference ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁Studies ▁- ▁Lund ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁U pp s ala : ▁Sc and in av ian ▁Institute ▁of ▁African ▁Studies ▁ 1 9 8 4 : ▁ 3 9 - 4 3 . |
▁ ▁La ▁phrase ▁coup י e ▁en ▁gu ט ze . ▁M י lang es ▁L ingu istiques ▁Of fer ts ▁ א ▁Max ime ▁Rod inson ▁edited ▁by ▁Ch . ▁Robin . ▁Paris : ▁P . ▁Ge uth ner ▁ 1 9 8 5 : ▁ 1 9 1 - 2 0 4 . ▁ ▁Pse udo - questions ▁in ▁Am har ic . ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 th ▁International ▁Conference ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁Studies ▁- ▁Tel ▁Av iv ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁Rot ter dam : ▁A . A . ▁B alk ema ▁ 1 9 8 6 : ▁ 3 3 7 - 3 4 1 . ▁ ▁Some ▁striking ▁similar ities ▁between ▁Am har ic ▁and ▁Turkish ▁syntax . ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁International ▁Congress ▁of ▁L ingu ists ▁- ▁Berlin / G DR ▁- ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁Berlin : ▁Akademie ▁Verlag : ▁ 2 3 7 6 - 2 3 7 9 . ▁ ▁Sem antic ▁analysis ▁of ▁some ▁morph ological ▁phen omena ▁in ▁Am har ic . ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁International ▁Conference ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁Studies ▁- ▁Add is ▁Ab aba ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁Add is ▁Ab aba : ▁Institute ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁Studies ▁ 1 9 8 8 : ▁ 6 9 7 - 7 0 3 . ▁ ▁Abstract ▁n oun s ▁as ▁transformation ▁of ▁cop ula ▁sentences ▁- ▁the |
▁case ▁of ▁Am har ic . ▁Gra zer ▁L ingu istische ▁Studien ▁ 3 0 ▁( 1 9 8 8 ): ▁ 6 9 - 7 7 . ▁ ▁App ur ten ance ▁as ▁a ▁lingu istic ▁concept . ▁Fol ia ▁L ingu istica ▁ 2 3 / 3 - 4 ▁( 1 9 8 9 ): ▁ 3 4 1 - 3 5 1 . ▁ ▁Some ▁common ▁tra its ▁in ▁the ▁evolution ▁of ▁Ne o - S y ri ac ▁and ▁Ne o - E th iop ian . ▁Jerusalem ▁Studies ▁in ▁Arab ic ▁and ▁Islam ▁ 1 2 ▁( 1 9 8 9 ): ▁ 2 9 4 - 3 2 0 . ▁( A ▁Volume ▁in ▁Memory ▁of ▁Ha im ▁Bl anc ). ▁ ▁L ingu istic ▁background ▁of ▁the ▁Eth iop ian ▁Jews . ▁In ▁S aga ▁of ▁Ali ya ▁translation ▁of ▁no ▁ 1 0 . ▁Jerusalem : ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Education ▁and ▁Culture ▁- ▁Division ▁of ▁Ad ult ▁Education ▁ 1 9 9 0 : ▁ 3 9 - 4 7 . ▁ ▁Def init eness ▁and ▁in def init eness ▁in ▁Am har ic . ▁Sem it ic ▁Studies ▁in ▁Honor ▁of ▁Wolf ▁Les lau ▁edited ▁by ▁A . ▁S . ▁K aye . ▁Wies b aden : ▁O . ▁Harr ass ow itz ▁ 1 9 9 1 : ▁ 8 0 9 - 8 2 0 . ▁ ▁Mis cell ane a ▁ne o - s y ri aca . ▁Jerusalem ▁Studies ▁in ▁Arab |
ic ▁and ▁Islam ▁ 1 5 ▁( 1 9 9 2 ): ▁ 6 0 - 7 3 . ▁ ▁Les ▁fon ctions ▁multi ples ▁du ▁pr onom ▁suffix e ▁d ' ob jet ▁et ▁de ▁la ▁pr י position ▁- la ▁en ▁gu ט ze . ▁Or bis ▁A eth iop icus ▁- ▁Stud ia ▁in ▁hon orem ▁Stanis laus ▁Ch oj n ack i ▁edited ▁by ▁P . ▁O . ▁Sch ol z . ▁Al bst adt : ▁K . ▁Sch uler ▁ 1 9 9 2 : ▁ 1 5 3 - 1 6 3 . ▁ ▁Poss ess ive ▁and ▁determ ining ▁nom inal ▁complex es ▁in ▁Sem it ic . ▁In ▁Sem it ic ▁and ▁C ush it ic ▁Studies ▁edited ▁by ▁G . ▁Golden berg ▁and ▁Sh . ▁Raz . ▁Wies b aden : ▁O . ▁Harr ass ow itz ▁ 1 9 9 4 : ▁ 6 5 - 6 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁E volution ▁of ▁ir s wo ▁and ▁ir s ach ch ew ▁as ▁soci ol ingu istic ▁variants . ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁International ▁Conference ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁Studies ▁- ▁ ▁East ▁L ans ing ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁Lawrence ville ▁N J : ▁The ▁Red ▁Sea ▁Press ▁ 1 9 9 4 : ▁ 1 2 7 0 - 1 2 7 4 . ▁ ▁Is ▁Modern ▁Heb rew ▁the ▁only ▁“ Ind o - Europe an ized ” ▁Sem it ic ▁language |
? ▁And ▁what ▁about ▁Ne o - Ar ama ic ? ▁Israel ▁Oriental ▁Studies ▁ 1 9 ▁( 1 9 9 6 ): ▁ 5 9 - 7 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁ger und ▁and ▁ger undial ▁partici ple ▁in ▁Eastern ▁Ne o - Ar ama ic . ▁Sp rach typ ologie ▁und ▁Universal ien forsch ung ▁( Ber lin ) ▁ 5 1 / 3 ▁( 1 9 9 6 ): ▁ 2 7 6 - 2 8 8 . ▁ ▁Ref lections ▁on ▁the ▁Eth io - S emit ic ▁ger und . ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁International ▁Conference ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁Studies ▁- ▁Ky oto ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁ ▁Ky oto ▁ 1 9 9 7 : ▁I , ▁ 4 9 2 - 4 9 8 . ▁ ▁Def init eness ▁and ▁connected ▁phen omena . ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁International ▁Congress ▁of ▁L ingu ists ▁- ▁Paris ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁Paris : ▁ ▁C . D . ▁Rom ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁Eth io - S emit ic ▁possess ive ▁pron oun s ▁as ▁pred ical izers ▁in ▁historical ▁perspective . ▁A eth iop ica ▁( H amb urg ) ▁ 1 ▁( 1 9 9 8 ): ▁ 1 4 8 - 1 6 3 . ▁ ▁Reg ular ity ▁and ▁deviation ▁in ▁peri pher al ▁Ne o - S emit ic . ▁In ▁Trad ition |
▁and ▁In nov ation ▁- ▁Norm ▁and ▁De viation ▁in ▁Arab ic ▁and ▁Sem it ic ▁L ingu istics ▁edited ▁by ▁L . ▁Ed z ard ▁and ▁M . ▁N ek rou mi . ▁Wies b aden : ▁O . ▁Harr ass ow itz ▁ 1 9 9 9 : ▁▁ 1 3 - 2 1 . ▁ ▁Some ▁su pr aset ential ▁constru ctions ▁in ▁Am har ic . ▁In ▁New ▁Data ▁and ▁Method s ▁in ▁Af ro asi atic ▁L ingu istics : ▁Robert ▁Het z ron ▁in ▁Mem or iam ▁edited ▁by ▁A . ▁Z abor ski . ▁Wies b aden : ▁Harr ass ow itz ▁ 2 0 0 1 : 7 5 - 8 3 . ▁ ▁Comp ound ▁ver bs ▁in ▁Ne o - Ar ama ic . ▁In ▁ 6 0 ▁Beit ra ¨ ge ▁zur ▁Sem it istic : ▁Fest schrift ▁fu ¨ r ▁Otto ▁J ast row ▁zum ▁ 6 0 ▁Geb urt stag ▁edited ▁by ▁W . ▁Arnold ▁and ▁H . ▁Bob zin . ▁Wies b aden : ▁O . ▁Harr ass ow itz ▁ 2 0 0 2 : ▁ 3 6 1 - 3 7 7 . ▁ ▁L anguages ▁in ▁contact : ▁the ▁contemporary ▁Sem it ic ▁world . ▁ ▁Israel ▁Oriental ▁Studies ▁ 2 0 ▁( 2 0 0 2 ): ▁▁ 3 0 7 - 3 4 0 . ▁ ▁A ux ilia ires ▁et ▁leur ▁om ission : ▁gu ט ze ▁- ▁am h ari que ▁- |
▁t igr ign a . ▁M י lang es ▁David ▁C ohen ▁edited ▁by ▁J . ▁L entin ▁et ▁A . ▁L on net . ▁Paris : ▁Mais onne uve ▁et ▁Lar ose ▁ 2 0 0 3 : ▁▁ 9 pp . ▁ ▁Iran ian ▁and ▁Turk ic ▁struct ural ▁inter ference ▁in ▁Arab ic ▁and ▁Ar ama ic ▁dialect s . ▁( A ▁Volume ▁in ▁Hon our ▁of ▁Mos he ▁▁▁ ▁Pi ament a ) ▁ ▁Jerusalem ▁Studies ▁in ▁Arab ic ▁and ▁Islam ▁( for th coming ). ▁ ▁A ▁note ▁on ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁lingu istic ▁inform ants ▁in ▁S ¥ b away hi ’ s ▁al - Kit ו b . ▁id . ▁( for th coming ). ▁ ▁F ocus ▁on ▁the ▁verb ▁in ▁G ∞ · ∞ z ▁and ▁in ▁modern ▁Eth io - S emit ic ? ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁International ▁Conference ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁Studies ▁- ▁ ▁Add is ▁Ab aba ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁( for th coming ): ▁ 1 2 pp . ▁ ▁The ▁syntax ▁of ▁synth etic ▁ver bal ▁forms ▁in ▁Eth io - S emit ic ▁as ▁compared ▁with ▁C ush it ic . ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁Me eting ▁of ▁ ▁Ham ito - S emit ic ▁L ingu istics ▁- ▁Fir enze ▁ 1 7 – 2 1 ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁( for th coming ) ▁ 1 1 ▁pp . ▁ |
▁Some ▁remarks ▁on ▁the ▁et ym ology ▁and ▁function ▁of ▁the ▁relative ▁markers ▁in ▁An cient ▁Eth iop ic . ▁In ▁I . M . D ia kon off ▁Memorial ▁Volume : ▁ 2 1 9 - 2 3 2 ▁( for th coming ). ▁ ▁The ▁relative ▁verb ▁in ▁Am har ic ▁in ▁an ▁are al ▁perspective . ▁ ▁Af rik an istische ▁Arbeit sp api ere ▁( for th coming ): ▁▁ 1 7 pp . ▁ ▁Con tr ast ive ▁Analysis ▁of ▁Some ▁Occ urr ences ▁in ▁the ▁Ver bal ▁Systems ▁of ▁Am har ic ▁and ▁T igr in ya . ▁Time ▁in ▁L anguages ▁ 1 5 7 – 1 7 8 . ▁ ▁Ne o S emit ic : ▁New ▁Verb ▁Form s , ▁New ▁Us age . ▁B abel ▁und ▁Bib el ▁ 9 ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁LE ON ID ▁K O G AN ▁and ▁NAT AL IA ▁V . ▁K OS LO VA , ▁ed s , ▁Pro ceed ings ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 th ▁B ienn ial ▁Me eting ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Association ▁for ▁Compar ative ▁Sem it ics ▁and ▁Other ▁Studies , ▁Oriental ia ▁Class ica , ▁ 6 4 ▁( Win ona ▁Lake , ▁IN : ▁Eisen bra uns ) ▁ ▁Book ▁reviews : ▁ ▁M . L . ▁B ender ▁ ▁and ▁H ail u ▁Ful ass . ▁Am har ic ▁Verb ▁Mor ph ology ▁in ▁Bibli othe ca ▁Orient alis ▁ 3 6 / 5 - 6 ▁( |
1 9 7 9 ): ▁col . ▁ 3 9 8 - 3 9 9 . ▁ ▁R . K . ▁Mol va er . ▁Trad ition ▁and ▁Change ▁in ▁Eth iop ia ▁in ▁Journal ▁of ▁Sem it ic ▁Studies ▁( Man chester ) ▁ 2 6 / 2 ▁( 1 9 8 1 ): ▁ 3 5 2 - 3 5 3 . ▁ ▁J . ▁Hart mann . ▁Am har ische ▁Gram mat ik ▁in ▁Bibli othe ca ▁Orient alis ▁ 3 9 / 3 - 4 ▁( 1 9 8 2 ): ▁col . ▁ 4 7 0 - 4 7 8 . ▁ ▁W . ▁Les lau . ▁Eth iop ians ▁Spe ak ▁- ▁M ux er ▁( G ur age ) ▁in ▁Journal ▁of ▁Sem it ic ▁Studies ▁ 2 8 ▁( 1 9 8 3 ): ▁ 2 1 5 - 2 2 1 . ▁ ▁J . R . ▁Mil es . ▁Ret ro version ▁and ▁Text ▁Crit ic ism ▁in ▁ ▁Journal ▁of ▁Sem it ic ▁Studies ▁ 3 2 ▁( 1 9 8 7 ): ▁ 2 0 7 - 2 0 8 . ▁ ▁E . ▁U ll endor ff . ▁A ▁T igr in ya ▁Ch rest om ath y ▁in ▁ ▁Bibli othe ca ▁Orient alis ▁ 4 5 / 3 - 4 ▁( 1 9 8 8 ) ▁col ▁▁ 4 5 9 - 4 6 1 . ▁ ▁R . ▁Rich ter . ▁Lehr buch ▁der ▁am har ischen |
▁Sprache ▁in ▁Bibli othe ca ▁Orient alis ▁ 4 6 / 1 - 2 ▁( 1 9 8 9 ): ▁col . ▁ 2 1 8 - 2 2 1 . ▁ ▁E . ▁Wagner . ▁Af rik an ische ▁Hand sch riften : ▁Islam ische ▁Hand sch riften ▁aus ▁A eth iop ien ▁in ▁International ▁Journal ▁of ▁African ▁Historical ▁Studies ▁( B oston ) ▁ 3 1 ▁( 1 9 9 7 ): ▁ 5 2 0 - 5 2 1 . ▁ ▁W . ▁Les lau . ▁Eth iop ic ▁Document s : ▁Arg ob ba ▁Gram mar ▁and ▁Dictionary ▁in ▁Journal ▁of ▁Eth iop ian ▁Studies ▁ 3 2 ▁( 1 9 9 9 ): ▁ 7 1 - 7 3 . ▁ ▁W . ▁Les lau . ▁ ▁Int ro duct ory ▁Gram mar ▁of ▁Am har ic ▁in ▁A eth iop ica ▁ 5 ▁( 2 0 0 2 ): ▁ 2 8 2 - 2 8 6 . ▁ ▁W . ▁Les lau . ▁Am har ic ▁Cultural ▁Re ader ▁in ▁A eth iop ica ▁ 5 ▁( 2 0 0 2 ): ▁ 2 8 6 - 2 8 8 . ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁M . ▁Dev ens . ▁A ▁Con cord ance ▁to ▁Ps al ms ▁in ▁the ▁Eth iop ic ▁Version ▁in ▁Z DM G ▁( for th coming ) ▁ 2 pp . ▁ ▁W . ▁Les lau . ▁Z way ▁Eth iop ic ▁Document s : ▁Gram mar ▁and ▁Dictionary ▁in ▁Z DM G |
▁( for th coming ) ▁ 7 ▁pp . ▁ ▁S . ▁W en inger . ▁ ▁Das ▁Verb als ystem ▁des ▁Al ta ¨ th iop ischen ▁in ▁A eth iop ica ▁ 6 ▁( for th coming ) ▁ 5 pp . ▁ ▁Ga ¨ bra ¨ ▁I y ya ¨ s us ▁K if le . ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Origin ▁of ▁the ▁G ∞ · ∞ z ▁L angu ag ▁( in ▁T igr in ya ) ▁ ▁id . ▁ ▁Y . ▁Sab ar . ▁A ▁Jewish ▁Ne o - Ar ama ic ▁Dictionary ▁in ▁Mediter rane an ▁Language ▁Review ▁( for th coming ) ▁ 8 ▁pp . ▁Publications ▁in ▁Heb rew : ▁▁ ת ו ל ד ו ת ▁ ה ת י א ט ר ו ן ▁ ה ע ר ב י . ▁ ב מ ה ▁ 5 9 ▁( 1 9 6 0 ): ▁ 7 4 - 7 8 . ▁▁ ס פ ר ו ת ▁ ו א מ נ ו ת ▁ ב ע ו ל ם ▁ ה ע ר ב י ▁- ▁ מ ד ו ר ▁ ק ב ו ע ▁ מ ת ו ך ▁ ה ע ת ו נ ו ת ▁ ה ע ר ב י ת . ▁ ה מ ז ר ח ▁ ה ח ד ש ▁ 1 9 6 0 - 1 9 6 2 . ▁▁ ה י ס ט ו ר י ה ▁ ש ל ▁ |
א ת י ו פ י ה . ▁ ה א נ צ י ק ל ו פ ד י ה ▁ ה ע ב ר י ת ▁ 1 9 6 3 . ▁▁ א י ו ב ▁ ל ו ד ו ל ף ▁( א ב י ▁ ה ב ל ש נ ו ת ▁ ה א ת י ו פ י ת ). ▁▁ ה א נ צ י ק ל ו פ ד י ה ▁ ה ע ב ר י ת ▁▁ 1 9 6 6 . ▁▁ א פ ר ס ת א ▁- ▁ ת ר ג ו ם ▁ מ א מ ה ר י ת ▁ ש ל ▁ ס פ ו ר ▁ מ א ת ▁ ח . א י . פ ק ד ו . ▁ ה מ ז ר ח ▁ ה ח ד ש ▁ 1 7 ▁( 1 9 6 7 ): ▁ 1 5 2 - 1 6 1 . ▁▁ מ נ ל י כ . ▁ ה א נ צ י ק ל ו פ ד י ה ▁ ה ע ב ר י ת ▁▁ 1 9 6 6 . ▁▁ ת י א ו ד ו ר ו ס . ▁ ה א נ צ י ק ל ו פ ד י ה ▁ ה ע ב ר י ת ▁ 1 9 6 6 . ▁▁ א פ ה - ו ו ר ק - ח ל ו ץ ▁ |
ה ס פ ר ו ת ▁ ה א מ ה ר י ת . ▁ ה מ ז ר ח ▁ ה ח ד ש ▁ 2 1 ▁( 1 9 7 1 ): ▁ 1 6 - 2 2 . ▁▁ ב ע י ו ת ▁ ב ד ק ד ו ק ▁ מ ע מ ת ▁ ע ב ר י - א מ ה ר י , ▁ ת י ג ר א י . ▁ א ו ר ח ו ת ▁▁ 1 1 ▁- ▁ נ ס פ ח ▁( 1 9 8 3 ) ▁- ▁ ד פ י ▁ ה ד ר כ ה ▁ ל מ ו ר י ם ▁- ▁ מ ש ר ד ▁ ה ח י נ ו ך ▁ ו ה ת ר ב ו ת : ▁ ה מ ח ל ק ה ▁ ל ח י נ ו ך ▁ מ ב ו ג ר י ם : ▁ 1 - 2 1 . ▁▁ י י ח ו ד ה ▁ ש ל ▁ ה ש פ ה ▁ ה א מ ה ר י ת . ▁ ב ק ו ב ץ ▁ א ג ד ה ▁ ש ל ▁ ע ל י י ה ▁- ▁ י ה ו ד י ▁ א ת י ו פ י ה ▁ ו ק ל י ט ת ם ▁ ה ל ש ו נ י ת . מ ש ר ד ▁ ה |
ח י נ ו ך ▁ ו ה ת ר ב ו ת ▁- ▁ ה א ג ף ▁ ל ח י נ ו ך ▁ מ ב ו ג ר י ם . ▁ י ר ו ש ל י ם ▁ 1 9 8 8 : ▁ 3 7 - 4 3 . ▁▁ ת ▁▁ ו - ▁ ד ▁ ר פ ו ת ▁ ב א ר מ י ▁ ח ד ש ה . ▁ מ ס ו ר ו ת ▁ 9 - 1 0 - 1 1 ▁( 1 9 9 7 ): ▁ 5 2 7 - 5 4 4 . ▁▁ ה ט י פ ו ל ו ג י ה ▁ ש ל ▁ ה ש מ י ת ▁ ה ח ד ש ה . ▁" ש ב ע " ▁ ק ו ב ץ ▁ מ ט ע ם ▁ א ו נ י ב ר ס י ט ת ▁ ב א ר - ש ב ע , ▁ 1 7 ▁ ע מ ' ▁( ב ד פ ו ס ). ▁▁ ה א ר מ י ת ▁ ה ח ד ש ה ▁ ש ל ▁ ה י ה ו ד י ם ▁ כ ר א י ▁ ל ה ש פ ע ו ת ▁ ז ר ו ת . ▁ מ ש ג ב ▁ י ר ו ש ל י ם , ▁ 7 ▁ ע מ ' ▁( ב ד פ |
ו ס ). ▁▁ ע ר י כ ה ▁ מ ד ע י ת : ▁▁ מ ל ו ן ▁ ק צ ר ▁ ע ב ר י - א מ ה ר י ▁ ע ב ו ר ▁ מ ש ר ד ▁ ה ק ל י ט ה . ▁▁ ה ל ש ו ן ▁ ה א מ ה ר י ת ▁ ל מ ת ח י ל י ם ▁- ▁ ס פ ר ▁ ל י מ ו ד ▁ ל ב ת י ▁ ס פ ר . ▁ מ ש ר ד ▁ ה ח י נ ו ך ▁ ו ה ת ר ב ו ת ▁- ▁ ה א ג ף ▁ ל ת כ נ י ו ת ▁ ל י מ ו ד י ם . ▁ י ר ו ש ל י ם ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁ 3 0 0 ▁ ע מ ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Israel ▁Prize ▁recip ients ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁[ http thy :// ling . hu ji . ac . il / St aff / O l ga _ K ap eli uk / index . html ▁Home page ▁( H eb rew ▁University ) ]. ▁Israel ▁Prize ▁Official ▁Site ▁- ▁CV ▁of ▁Ol ga ▁Kap eli uk ▁( in ▁Heb rew ) ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : L ingu ists ▁from ▁Israel ▁Category : 1 9 3 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : |
Pe ople ▁from ▁Krak ów ▁Category : Is ra eli ▁people ▁of ▁Polish - J ew ish ▁descent ▁Category : Pol ish ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁Israel ▁Category : Is ra eli ▁Jews ▁Category : Is ra eli ▁women ▁writers ▁Category : Is rael ▁Prize ▁in ▁lingu istics ▁recip ients ▁Category : Is rael ▁Prize ▁women ▁recip ients ▁Category : L ingu ists ▁from ▁Poland ▁Category : E th iop ian ists ▁Category : Pol ish ▁women ▁academ ics <0x0A> </s> ▁Al pha ▁is ▁a ▁fict ional ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁com ic ▁book ▁series ▁The ▁Walk ing ▁Dead ▁and ▁the ▁television ▁series ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁surv iv ors ▁called ▁the ▁Wh is per ers , ▁a ▁myster ious ▁group ▁that ▁we ars ▁the ▁sk ins ▁of ▁walk ers ▁to ▁mask ▁their ▁presence . ▁Sam anth a ▁Mort on ▁port ray s ▁Al pha ▁in ▁the ▁television ▁series ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name ▁and ▁first ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁series ' ▁nin th ▁mid - season ▁premi ere . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁Com ic ▁book ▁series ▁Al pha ▁was ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Wh is per ers ▁and ▁L yd ia ' s ▁mother . ▁Al pha ▁and ▁several ▁of ▁her ▁people ▁approach ▁the ▁gates ▁of ▁the ▁Hill top ▁and ▁exchange ▁Ken ▁and ▁D ante ▁for ▁L yd ia . ▁When ▁Carl ▁ch ases ▁the ▁Wh is per ers , ▁he ▁is ▁taken ▁prisoner . ▁Al pha ▁dec ides ▁to ▁in fil tr ate |
▁the ▁Alexand ria ▁Sa fe - Zone ▁and ▁bu ys ▁a ▁sword ▁at ▁the ▁fair . ▁After ▁meeting ▁Rick ▁she ▁allows ▁Carl ▁and ▁L yd ia ▁to ▁leave ▁the ▁Wh is per ers , ▁on ▁the ▁condition ▁that ▁nobody ▁will ▁cross ▁a ▁border ▁she ▁marked . ▁On ▁their ▁way ▁back , ▁Rick ▁and ▁the ▁group ▁discover ▁that ▁Al pha ▁has ▁dec ap itated ▁twelve ▁residents ▁of ▁the ▁Sa fe - Zone , ▁the ▁Hill top ▁Col ony , ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁and ▁the ▁San ctu ary ▁and ▁that ▁she ▁used ▁their ▁heads ▁placed ▁on ▁p ikes ▁to ▁mark ▁the ▁border . ▁After ▁Neg an ▁appears ▁to ▁have ▁joined ▁her ▁group , ▁he ▁fat ally ▁slash es ▁Al pha ▁across ▁the ▁neck ▁and ▁dec ap it ates ▁her . ▁ ▁Television ▁series ▁ ▁Al pha ▁was ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Wh is per ers , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁surv iv ors ▁who ▁cam ou fl age ▁themselves ▁with ▁walk ers ’ ▁sk ins ▁to ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁live ▁in ▁shadow ▁and ▁remain ▁invisible ▁to ▁others . ▁She ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁main ▁ant agon ist ▁of ▁the ▁nin th ▁season . ▁Al pha ' s ▁dark ▁past ▁is ▁shown ▁in ▁flash back s ; ▁it ▁is ▁revealed ▁that ▁she ▁killed ▁her ▁husband ▁Frank ▁and ▁their ▁group ▁of ▁surv iv ors ▁during ▁the ▁initial ▁stages ▁of ▁the ▁out break , ▁bel ieving ▁them ▁to ▁be ▁" weak ". ▁She ▁shows ▁up ▁at ▁Hill top ▁with ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁her ▁group , ▁demand ing ▁that ▁the |
▁community ▁return ▁her ▁daughter ▁L yd ia , ▁whom ▁the ▁Hill top ▁community ▁has ▁in ▁their ▁possession . ▁It ▁is ▁later ▁revealed ▁that ▁the ▁Wh is per ers ▁murder ed ▁and ▁be head ed ▁several ▁key ▁members ▁from ▁each ▁community ▁to ▁warn ▁D ary l ▁and ▁the ▁others ▁not ▁to ▁cross ▁into ▁their ▁territory . ▁The ▁be head ed ▁members ’ ▁heads ▁were ▁placed ▁on ▁sp ikes , ▁mark ing ▁the ▁boundary ▁of ▁the ▁border . ▁ ▁Season ▁ 9 ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁mid - season ▁premi ere ▁" A da pt ation ", ▁Al pha ▁leads ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁Wh is per ers ▁who ▁captured ▁Ald en ▁and ▁Luke , ▁l uring ▁them ▁into ▁a ▁trap ▁by ▁setting ▁up ▁a ▁trail ▁of ▁ar rows ▁for ▁them ▁to ▁follow . ▁ ▁She ▁brand ishes ▁a ▁saw ed - off ▁shot gun ▁at ▁them , ▁and ▁proc laim s : ▁" Tra il ▁ends ▁here ." ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁episode ▁" Omega ", ▁L yd ia ▁tells ▁her ▁story ▁in ▁a ▁flash back ▁scene ▁to ▁the ▁group ▁at ▁the ▁Hill top ▁who ▁has ▁captured ▁her , ▁bond ing ▁with ▁Henry ▁in ▁the ▁process . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁episode , ▁at ▁Hill top ’ s ▁front ▁gate , ▁the ▁Wh is per ers ' ▁leader , ▁L yd ia ' s ▁mother , ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁Al pha , ▁appears ▁un mask ed ▁and ▁introdu ces ▁herself . ▁Al pha ▁announ ces ▁to ▁the ▁Hill top ▁residents ▁that ▁she ▁wants ▁only ▁one |
▁thing ▁from ▁them : ▁her ▁daughter . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁episode ▁" B ount y ", ▁Al pha ▁dem ands ▁that ▁the ▁Hill top ▁residents ▁turn ▁over ▁her ▁daughter ▁L yd ia . ▁She ▁explains ▁that ▁she ▁has ▁removed ▁her ▁walk er ▁mask ▁to ▁show ▁them ▁that ▁she ▁comes ▁in ▁peace ▁and ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁willing ▁to ▁over look ▁their ▁tres pass ing ▁on ▁her ▁lands . ▁D ary l ▁dec ides ▁to ▁walk ▁outside ▁to ▁talk ▁to ▁Al pha ▁face ▁to ▁face ; ▁the ▁two ▁meet . ▁He ▁is ▁initially ▁dismiss ive ▁of ▁Al pha ' s ▁dem ands ▁as ▁she ▁and ▁her ▁human ▁al lies ▁are ▁few ▁compared ▁to ▁the ▁Hill top ▁forces . ▁However , ▁there ▁are ▁several ▁more ▁of ▁Al pha ' s ▁al lies ▁in ▁wait ▁beyond ▁the ▁tree ▁line , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁hor de ▁of ▁walk ers . ▁D ary l ▁tells ▁Al pha ▁that ▁she ▁can ' t ▁have ▁L yd ia ▁and ▁inform s ▁her ▁that ▁he ' s ▁ready ▁to ▁fight ▁her ▁people ▁to ▁ensure ▁she ▁doesn ' t ▁get ▁L yd ia ▁back , ▁until ▁he ▁sp ots ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Wh is per ers ▁with ▁a ▁baby . ▁Sud den ly , ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁Wh is per ers ▁bring ▁forward ▁a ▁tied ▁up ▁Ald en ▁and ▁Luke . ▁Al pha ▁then ▁offers ▁to ▁trade ▁both ▁of ▁them ▁for ▁her ▁daughter ; ▁D ary l ▁accepts . ▁As ▁the ▁st ando ff ▁continues , ▁a ▁baby ▁belonging ▁to ▁one ▁of |
▁the ▁dis gu ised ▁women ▁starts ▁to ▁cry , ▁drawing ▁the ▁walk ers . ▁Al pha ▁sh ru gs ▁at ▁the ▁mother , ▁indicating ▁that ▁she ▁should ▁leave ▁the ▁baby ▁to ▁die . ▁F ear ing ▁for ▁her ▁life ▁and ▁not ▁having ▁any ▁other ▁choice , ▁the ▁baby ' s ▁mother ▁dec ides ▁to ▁abandon ▁him ▁as ▁he ▁continues ▁to ▁cry . ▁Ald en ▁and ▁Luke ▁beg ▁Al pha ▁to ▁spare ▁the ▁baby , ▁but ▁Al pha ▁ref uses . ▁Con nie ▁then ▁r ush es ▁to ▁save ▁the ▁child . ▁L yd ia ▁ultimately ▁opts ▁to ▁leave ▁on ▁her ▁own ▁accord ▁and ▁is ▁trad ed ▁for ▁Ald en ▁and ▁Luke . ▁Re un ited , ▁L yd ia ▁apolog izes ▁to ▁her ▁mother , ▁but ▁is ▁sm ack ed ▁by ▁Al pha ▁across ▁the ▁face , ▁ordering ▁her ▁to ▁address ▁her ▁as ▁" Alpha " ▁like ▁everyone ▁else . ▁She ▁then ▁sm iles ▁at ▁D ary l ▁as ▁they ▁leave . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁episode ▁" Gu ard ians ", ▁as ▁Al pha ▁leads ▁her ▁group ▁back ▁to ▁camp , ▁she ▁questions ▁L yd ia ▁about ▁her ▁time ▁at ▁Hill top ▁and ▁to ▁reve al ▁any ▁intel ▁she ▁learned ▁while ▁being ▁held ▁capt ive , ▁but ▁her ▁daughter ▁claims ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁little ▁of ▁interest . ▁Henry ▁eventually ▁catch es ▁up ▁with ▁L yd ia ▁and ▁the ▁Wh is per ers , ▁and ▁watch es ▁them ▁from ▁a ▁close ▁distance ▁as ▁they ▁rest , ▁but ▁is ▁found ▁and ▁gra bb ed ▁by |
▁B eta , ▁Al pha ' s ▁second - in - command . ▁B eta ▁toss es ▁Henry ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁Al pha , ▁who ▁questions ▁the ▁boy . ▁Henry ▁reve als ▁that ▁he ▁came ▁alone ▁to ▁get ▁L yd ia ; ▁Al pha ▁dec ides ▁that ▁Henry ▁is ▁coming ▁with ▁them . ▁On ▁their ▁way ▁back ▁to ▁camp , ▁Al pha ▁asks ▁L yd ia ▁why ▁she ▁didn ' t ▁mention ▁Henry . ▁L yd ia ▁explains ▁that ▁he ▁wasn ' t ▁worth ▁mention ing , ▁but ▁Al pha ▁rem inds ▁her ▁that ▁he ▁just ▁risk ed ▁his ▁life ▁to ▁save ▁her , ▁so ▁she ▁must ▁be ▁lying . ▁The ▁Wh is per ers ▁soon ▁arrive ▁back ▁at ▁their ▁camp . ▁At ▁the ▁Wh is per er ' s ▁camp , ▁Al pha ▁ta un ts ▁a ▁secured ▁Henry ▁and ▁explains ▁to ▁him ▁why ▁they ▁dis gu ise ▁themselves ▁as ▁walk ers , ▁as ▁the ▁strong ▁adapt ▁while ▁the ▁weak ▁die . ▁Second s ▁later , ▁two ▁of ▁her ▁own , ▁Se an ▁and ▁Helen , ▁approach ▁her ▁and ▁question ▁why ▁they ▁went ▁back ▁for , ▁and ▁gave ▁up ▁two ▁people ▁up ▁for ▁her ▁daughter . ▁Al pha ▁rem inds ▁them ▁that ▁she ▁did ▁it ▁to ▁get ▁information , ▁but ▁Se an ▁issues ▁a ▁challenge ▁for ▁her ▁leadership ▁role . ▁In ▁response , ▁Al pha ▁confir ms ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁challenge ▁her ▁position , ▁but ▁that ▁she ▁also ▁has ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁defend ▁it . ▁Know ing ▁that ▁it |
▁was ▁Helen ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁sow ing ▁se eds ▁of ▁dis content ▁within ▁the ▁group , ▁Al pha ▁gra bs ▁Helen ▁and ▁dec ap it ates ▁her ▁with ▁a ▁piece ▁of ▁wire . ▁She ▁then ▁hands ▁the ▁head ▁over ▁to ▁a ▁so bb ing ▁Se an ▁before ▁fat ally ▁st abb ing ▁him ▁in ▁the ▁st om ach , ▁as ▁Henry ▁looks ▁on ▁in ▁horror . ▁Priv ately , ▁Al pha ▁tells ▁B eta ▁a ▁story ▁about ▁L yd ia ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁three ▁years ▁old . ▁They ▁both ▁then ▁agree ▁that ▁Henry ▁can ▁be ▁useful ▁and ▁that ▁they ▁need ▁to ▁find ▁out ▁if ▁L yd ia ▁truly ▁has ▁feelings ▁for ▁him . ▁At ▁night , ▁B eta ▁brings ▁Henry ▁to ▁Al pha . ▁Un mask ed , ▁Al pha ▁dro ps ▁her ▁kn ife ▁and ▁makes ▁L yd ia ▁pick ▁it ▁up , ▁command ing ▁her ▁to ▁kill ▁Henry ▁with ▁it ▁so ▁that ▁she ▁can ▁prove ▁who ’ s ▁side ▁she ' s ▁on ; ▁L yd ia ▁pick s ▁up ▁the ▁kn ife ▁and ▁begins ▁to ▁cry . ▁Her ▁mother ▁war ns ▁her ▁not ▁to ▁be ▁weak ▁and ▁that ▁B eta ▁will ▁kill ▁them ▁both ▁if ▁she ▁doesn ' t ▁kill ▁Henry . ▁Sud den ly , ▁a ▁small ▁hor de ▁of ▁walk ers ▁show ▁up ▁and ▁begin ▁e ating ▁the ▁un mask ed ▁Wh is per ers , ▁creating ▁mass ▁confusion . ▁Al pha ▁and ▁the ▁others ▁quickly ▁put ▁on ▁their ▁mask s ▁so ▁that ▁they ▁can ▁try ▁to ▁l |
ure ▁the ▁her d ▁away . ▁M om ents ▁later , ▁D ary l ▁and ▁Con nie ▁arrive ▁dis gu ised ▁as ▁Wh is per ers ▁to ▁free ▁and ▁rescue ▁Henry , ▁who ▁will ▁not ▁leave ▁without ▁L yd ia , ▁and ▁together ▁the ▁four ▁escape . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁episode ▁" The ▁Cal m ▁Before ", ▁as ▁the ▁fair ▁at ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁begins , ▁Al pha ▁leads ▁an ▁attack ▁on ▁one ▁car avan ▁from ▁the ▁Hill top ▁going ▁to ▁the ▁Kingdom . ▁Al pha ▁has ▁sn uck ▁into ▁the ▁fair , ▁pos ing ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Alexand ria ▁fair go ers ▁from ▁the ▁car avan ▁and ▁g athers ▁intel . ▁That ▁night , ▁as ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁fair go ers ▁gather ▁for ▁the ▁film , ▁L yd ia ▁is ▁saving ▁a ▁seat ▁for ▁Henry ▁when ▁Al pha ▁quietly ▁s its ▁next ▁to ▁her ▁and ▁gest ures ▁for ▁her ▁to ▁stay ▁quiet . ▁Out side ▁the ▁the ater , ▁Al pha ▁tries ▁to ▁conv ince ▁L yd ia ▁to ▁come ▁with ▁her , ▁but ▁L yd ia ▁reject s ▁her . ▁Al pha ▁tells ▁her ▁she ▁is ▁not ▁strong ▁and ▁no ▁longer ▁part ▁of ▁her ▁group , ▁and ▁dep arts . ▁Later , ▁at ▁the ▁Wh is per ers ' ▁new ▁camp , ▁Al pha , ▁now ▁out ▁of ▁dis gu ise , ▁joins ▁her ▁people , ▁and ▁approaches ▁D ary l , ▁Mich onne , ▁Carol , ▁and ▁Y um iko , ▁who ▁were ▁captured ▁by ▁B eta ▁and ▁are ▁now |
▁tied ▁to ▁a ▁tree . ▁After ▁announ cing ▁that ▁her ▁daughter ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁a ▁concern , ▁Al pha ▁takes ▁out ▁a ▁shot gun ▁and ▁tells ▁D ary l ▁to ▁come ▁with ▁her ▁alone . ▁At ▁dawn , ▁Al pha ▁leads ▁D ary l ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁a ▁cl iff ▁where ▁a ▁g arg ant uan ▁hor de ▁of ▁walk ers ▁and ▁Wh is per ers ▁walk ▁beneath ▁them . ▁She ▁tells ▁him ▁that ▁his ▁friends ▁at ▁the ▁camp ▁are ▁fine ▁and ▁that ▁she ▁has ▁marked ▁off ▁a ▁line ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁extent ▁of ▁their ▁lands , ▁but ▁the ▁next ▁time ▁his ▁people ▁cross ▁into ▁her ▁land ▁she ' ll ▁release ▁the ▁hor de ▁into ▁their s . ▁D ary l ▁asks ▁if ▁she ▁killed ▁L yd ia , ▁and ▁Al pha ▁tells ▁him ▁that ▁she ▁didn ' t ▁kill ▁her ▁and ▁doub ts ▁that ▁D ary l ▁can ▁protect ▁her . ▁He ▁tells ▁her ▁that ▁she ' s ▁wrong ▁and ▁leaves , ▁and ▁reun ites ▁with ▁his ▁friends . ▁Back ▁in ▁her ▁camp , ▁Al pha , ▁in ▁private , ▁begins ▁to ▁te ar ▁up ▁over ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁her ▁daughter . ▁However , ▁a ▁Wh is per er ▁accident ally ▁witness es ▁her ▁cry ing . ▁In ▁response , ▁Al pha ▁wind s ▁up ▁killing ▁the ▁Wh is per er ▁by ▁st abb ing ▁him ▁in ▁the ▁neck , ▁making ▁sure ▁no ▁one ▁ever ▁sees ▁her ▁being ▁weak . ▁ ▁D ary l ' s ▁group ▁finds ▁a ▁line ▁of |
▁ten ▁dec ap itated ▁heads ▁on ▁p ikes ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁O z zy , ▁Ale k , ▁D . J ., ▁Frank ie , ▁Tam my ▁Rose , ▁Rod ney , ▁Add y , ▁En id , ▁T ara , ▁and ▁Henry , ▁meant ▁to ▁sign ify ▁Al pha ' s ▁territory ▁boundary . ▁In ▁the ▁season ▁finale ▁" The ▁Storm ", ▁in ▁their ▁camp , ▁Al pha ▁rem inds ▁B eta ▁that ▁she ' ll ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁strong ▁for ▁what ▁comes ▁next ▁and ▁B eta ▁ass ures ▁her ▁she ▁will ▁be . ▁Per ▁Al pha ' s ▁request , ▁B eta ▁f logs ▁her ▁arm ▁with ▁a ▁branch ▁to ▁make ▁her ▁stronger , ▁leaving ▁several ▁l ash es ▁on ▁her ▁arm , ▁as ▁she ▁used ▁to ▁do ▁to ▁L yd ia . ▁ ▁Season ▁ 1 0 ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁episode ▁" We ▁Are ▁the ▁End ▁of ▁the ▁World ", ▁flash back s ▁reve al ▁Al pha ' s ▁first ▁meeting ▁with ▁B eta . ▁In ▁the ▁present , ▁Al pha ▁orders ▁B eta ▁to ▁collect ▁more ▁walk ers ▁from ▁a ▁nearby ▁par king ▁gar age , ▁having ▁him ▁take ▁two ▁sister s ▁with ▁him . ▁At ▁the ▁gar age , ▁B eta ▁successfully ▁l ures ▁the ▁walk ers ▁to ▁follow , ▁but ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁sister s , ▁Frances , ▁who ▁Al pha ▁had ▁forced ▁to ▁leave ▁her ▁baby ▁behind ▁at ▁the ▁Hill top ▁out post ▁in ▁" B ount y ", ▁believe ▁she ▁he ars ▁a ▁baby ▁cry |
ing ▁nearby ▁and ▁pan ics , ▁causing ▁the ▁walk ers ▁to ▁turn ▁on ▁them . ▁B eta ▁res c ues ▁Frances ▁and ▁they ▁return ▁to ▁their ▁camp ▁without ▁the ▁walk ers . ▁There , ▁B eta ▁is ▁ready ▁to ▁kill ▁Frances , ▁but ▁Al pha ▁takes ▁Frances ▁for ▁a ▁talk , ▁and ▁Frances ▁c ries ▁and ▁rep ents . ▁B eta ▁becomes ▁concerned ▁that ▁Al pha ▁did ▁not ▁pun ish ▁Frances ▁for ▁showing ▁weak ness , ▁and ▁w onders ▁why ▁they ▁have ▁not ▁attacked ▁the ▁other ▁groups . ▁He ▁follows ▁her ▁to ▁their ▁old ▁camp ▁and ▁disco vers ▁Al pha ▁has ▁set ▁up ▁a ▁small ▁shr ine ▁to ▁L yd ia , ▁including ▁her ▁old ▁b un ny ▁doll . ▁Al pha ▁adm its ▁L yd ia ▁is ▁still ▁alive ▁and ▁has ▁shown ▁weak ness ▁in ▁not ▁attack ing ▁the ▁communities . ▁B eta ▁ass ures ▁her ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁made ▁for ▁this ▁world . ▁Al pha ▁dest ro ys ▁the ▁shr ine , ▁and ▁together ▁with ▁B eta , ▁repeat ▁the ▁Wh is per ers ' ▁code , ▁" We ▁Are ▁the ▁End ▁of ▁the ▁World ". ▁Al pha ▁as ser ts ▁they ▁will ▁soon ▁attack ▁the ▁communities . ▁Just ▁then , ▁they ▁see ▁the ▁fire ▁trail ▁of ▁the ▁fallen ▁satellite ▁overhead ▁and ▁crash ▁nearby , ▁drawing ▁walk ers ▁to ▁them . ▁Am id st ▁the ▁cha os , ▁Frances ▁sees ▁one ▁walk er ▁with ▁a ▁baby ▁car rier ▁and ▁again ▁pan ics ▁and ▁Al pha ▁r ush es ▁in ▁to ▁try |
▁to ▁save ▁her ▁but ▁is ▁over wh el med . ▁Frances ' ▁sister ▁r ush es ▁in , ▁drag ging ▁Al pha ▁to ▁safety ▁after ▁pushing ▁Frances ▁away ▁from ▁her ▁and ▁into ▁the ▁mob ▁of ▁walk ers , ▁who ▁then ▁kill ▁Frances . ▁As ▁the ▁Wh is per ers ▁find ▁shelter , ▁Al pha ▁is ▁im pressed ▁with ▁Frances ' ▁sister ' s ▁sacrifice ▁and ▁dub s ▁her ▁G amma . ▁The ▁Wh is per ers ▁go ▁to ▁investigate ▁the ▁fallen ▁satellite , ▁and ▁Al pha , ▁pulling ▁her ▁mask ▁off , ▁eyes ▁Carol ▁from ▁across ▁a ▁rav ine . ▁In ▁" G hosts ", ▁Al pha ▁sends ▁G amma ▁to ▁Alex andra ▁to ▁inform ▁Mich onne , ▁D ary l ▁and ▁Carol ▁to ▁meet ▁with ▁Al pha . ▁Al pha ▁then ▁threat ens ▁them ▁to ▁not ▁cross ▁her ▁borders ▁again ▁while ▁taking ▁more ▁of ▁their ▁land ▁in ▁the ▁process . ▁ ▁In ▁" What ▁It ▁Always ▁Is ", ▁Al pha ▁de vis es ▁a ▁plan ▁to ▁attack ▁her ▁enemies ▁slowly , ▁Al pha ▁ordered ▁G amma ▁to ▁use ▁guard ians ▁to ▁poll ute ▁the ▁river ▁that ▁the ▁communities ▁used ▁to ▁supply ▁themselves ▁with ▁water , ▁and ▁when ▁her ▁app rent ice ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁camp ▁to ▁ask ▁for ▁another ▁walk er , ▁Al pha ▁ended ▁up ▁with ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁subjects ▁who ▁had ▁challeng ed ▁her ▁attack ▁strateg ies ▁and ▁handed ▁it ▁to ▁him ▁for ▁use ▁in ▁his ▁mission ▁once ▁he ▁converted . ▁When ▁G amma ▁showed ▁Al pha ▁her ▁injured ▁hand |
▁covered ▁by ▁band ages ▁that ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁enemies ▁had ▁given ▁her , ▁the ▁der anged ▁woman ▁conf essed ▁that ▁she ▁understood ▁her ▁actions ▁assuming ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁necessary ▁sacrifice ▁and ▁commented ▁that ▁the ▁man ▁who ▁had ▁helped ▁her ▁could ▁be ▁useful ▁to ▁them . ▁ ▁In ▁" B onds ", ▁when ▁Neg an ▁was ▁discovered ▁pro w ling ▁within ▁her ▁territory , ▁Al pha ▁decided ▁to ▁perform ▁some ▁tests ▁to ▁determine ▁if ▁he ▁was ▁strong ▁enough ▁to ▁speak ▁to ▁her ▁and ▁put ▁him ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁his ▁right ▁hand . ▁Although ▁B eta ▁expressed ▁her ▁dis content ▁at ▁having ▁the ▁new com er ▁within ▁the ▁group , ▁Al pha ▁asked ▁him ▁if ▁he ▁had ▁finally ▁decided ▁to ▁challenge ▁her ▁to ▁take ▁command ▁of ▁The ▁Wh is per ers ▁but ▁he ▁flat ly ▁refused ▁and ▁kn elt ▁before ▁her ▁prom ising ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁never ▁again ▁question ▁her ▁dec isions . ▁However , ▁Al pha ▁was ▁completely ▁disappoint ed ▁when ▁B eta ▁informed ▁her ▁that ▁Neg an ▁had ▁died ▁in ▁her ▁final ▁test , ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁more ▁her ▁surprise ▁when ▁the ▁t yr ant ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁camp ▁and ▁kn elt ▁before ▁her ▁swe aring ▁his ▁full ▁loyal ty , ▁eventually ▁being ▁accepted ▁by ▁Al pha ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁group . ▁ ▁In ▁" Open ▁Your ▁E yes ", ▁after ▁finding ▁G amma ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁forest , ▁Al pha ▁quickly ▁asked ▁her ▁about ▁the ▁information ▁she ▁had ▁got ten ▁from ▁A aron ▁about ▁his ▁group , |
▁but ▁was ▁disappoint ed ▁when ▁the ▁girl ▁only ▁managed ▁find ▁out ▁his ▁name ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁daughter . ▁Not icing ▁signs ▁of ▁weak ness ▁in ▁her ▁app rent ice , ▁Al pha ▁ordered ▁her ▁to ▁remove ▁her ▁mask ▁and ▁eventually ▁proceeded ▁to ▁sp ank ▁her ▁arm ▁so ▁that ▁she ▁could ▁stay ▁strong ; ▁rem inding ▁her ▁that ▁the ▁enemy ▁was ▁using ▁her ▁and ▁that ▁she ▁should ▁not ▁allow ▁herself ▁to ▁fall ▁into ▁his ▁char ms . ▁In ▁" The ▁World ▁Before " ▁question ing ▁G amma ' s ▁loyal ty ▁to ▁the ▁group , ▁Al pha ▁decided ▁to ▁move ▁her ▁gig antic ▁hor de ▁of ▁walk ers ▁away ▁from ▁their ▁former ▁hide out ▁to ▁lock ▁them ▁inside ▁a ▁nearby ▁cave . ▁After ▁witness ing ▁how ▁her ▁enemies ▁once ▁again ▁entered ▁her ▁territory ▁in ▁search ▁of ▁her ▁hor de , ▁Al pha ▁came ▁into ▁view ▁of ▁Carol ▁to ▁attract ▁her ▁attention ▁and ▁proceeded ▁to ▁run ▁towards ▁the ▁forest ▁to ▁enter ▁the ▁cave . ▁Thus , ▁the ▁group ▁followed ▁her ▁to ▁the ▁place ▁and ▁eventually ▁they ▁fell ▁into ▁their ▁trap ▁of ▁being ▁locked ▁in ▁the ▁depth s ▁of ▁the ▁site ▁at ▁the ▁mer cy ▁of ▁hundreds ▁of ▁walk ers . ▁ ▁In ▁" S que e ze ", ▁seeking ▁that ▁her ▁enemies ▁did ▁not ▁escape ▁from ▁the ▁cave , ▁Al pha ▁watched ▁them ▁from ▁a ▁satisfied ▁distance ▁and ▁ordered ▁her ▁men ▁to ▁finish ▁them ▁off ▁once ▁and ▁for ▁all . ▁After ▁returning ▁to ▁the ▁camp , ▁Al pha ▁revealed ▁to ▁B eta ▁and |
▁G amma ▁what ▁had ▁happened , ▁assuming ▁that ▁their ▁enemies ▁were ▁sp ying ▁on ▁them ▁at ▁all ▁times , ▁and ▁entr usted ▁the ▁latter ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁the ▁border ▁to ▁leave ▁a ▁message ▁for ▁their ▁Alexand ria ▁sp y . ▁While ▁rel ieving ▁herself ▁in ▁an ▁imp rom pt u ▁lat r ine , ▁Al pha ▁received ▁a ▁visit ▁from ▁Neg an ▁who ▁suggested ▁that ▁the ▁tra itor ▁she ▁was ▁looking ▁for ▁might ▁be ▁inside ▁the ▁camp ▁and ▁listed ▁G amma ▁as ▁sole ly ▁responsible ▁for ▁playing ▁for ▁two ▁sides ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁trust ▁that ▁G amma ▁had ▁in ▁her . ▁Despite ▁dist rust ing ▁the ▁theory ▁of ▁the ▁man ▁claim ing ▁that ▁he ▁only ▁wanted ▁to ▁cause ▁par ano ia ▁among ▁his ▁follow ers , ▁Al pha ▁began ▁to ▁consider ▁that ▁the ▁t yr ant ' s ▁words ▁made ▁sense ▁and ▁cor ro bor ated ▁this ▁when ▁B eta ▁informed ▁him ▁that ▁the ▁gu ards ▁had ▁not ▁seen ▁G amma ▁reach ▁the ▁border . ▁Know ing ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁to ▁pay ▁for ▁everything ▁she ▁had ▁done , ▁Al pha ▁ordered ▁her ▁right ▁hand ▁to ▁track ▁down ▁the ▁girl ▁and ▁bring ▁her ▁before ▁her ▁so ▁that ▁he ▁could ▁pun ish ▁her ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁pack . ▁As ▁a ▁way ▁of ▁compens ating ▁for ▁his ▁great ▁contribution , ▁Al pha ▁esc orted ▁Neg an ▁to ▁the ▁far ▁reaches ▁of ▁his ▁camp ▁and , ▁aware ▁of ▁vul gar ▁behavior ▁that ▁the ▁man ▁transm itted ▁during ▁his ▁stay ▁in ▁the ▁group , ▁decided ▁to |
▁pay ▁him ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁way . ▁Order ing ▁the ▁villa in ▁to ▁und ress , ▁Al pha ▁approached ▁him ▁also ▁without ▁clothes ▁and ▁only ▁keeping ▁her ▁walk er ▁mask ; ▁proceed ing ▁to ▁kiss . ▁In ▁" St alk er ", ▁Al pha ▁together ▁with ▁her ▁men ▁prepare ▁a ▁walk er ▁hor de ▁to ▁attack ▁the ▁Hill top ▁col ony , ▁when ▁suddenly ▁D ary l ▁appears ▁and ▁amb ush es ▁them , ▁killing ▁her ▁hen ch men , ▁Al pha ▁and ▁D ary l ▁have ▁a ▁hand - to - hand ▁fight ▁where ▁the ▁two ▁both ▁end ▁up ▁being ▁seriously ▁injured . ▁However ▁her ▁attempt ▁to ▁get ▁rid ▁of ▁D ary l ▁was ▁in ▁vain ▁and ▁unable ▁to ▁do ▁it ▁on ▁her ▁own , ▁Al pha ▁remained ▁lying ▁on ▁the ▁ground ▁while ▁ble eding ▁to ▁death ▁and ▁thank ed ▁the ▁badly ▁injured ▁man ▁for ▁helping ▁her ▁to ▁become ▁stronger ▁but ▁was ▁off ended ▁when ▁he ▁accused ▁her ▁of ▁getting ▁away ▁from ▁her ▁daughter ▁for ▁the ▁simple ▁fact ▁that ▁she ▁did ▁not ▁love ▁her . ▁When ▁L yd ia ▁appeared ▁at ▁the ▁scene , ▁Al pha ▁was ▁more ▁than ▁happy ▁to ▁see ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁safe ▁and ▁ur ged ▁her ▁to ▁finish ▁her ▁off ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁take ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁The ▁Wh is per ers , ▁but ▁she ▁felt ▁nothing ▁but ▁disappoint ment ▁when ▁her ▁daughter ▁assured ▁that ▁the ▁only ▁reason ▁for ▁the ▁one ▁who ▁had ▁approached ▁her ▁was ▁so ▁that ▁she ▁could ▁help ▁D ary l . ▁Later , ▁after |
▁being ▁found ▁by ▁her ▁ret in ues , ▁Al pha ▁promised ▁them ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁take ▁reven ge ▁on ▁the ▁communities ▁with ▁her ▁hor de ▁and ▁rec ited ▁the ▁group ' s ▁mot to ▁thus ▁declaring ▁the ▁im min ent ▁war ▁that ▁was ▁coming . ▁ ▁In ▁" Mor ning ▁Star " ▁as ▁she ▁led ▁her ▁hor de ▁of ▁walk ers ▁straight ▁to ▁Hill top , ▁her ▁plan ▁to ▁finish ▁off ▁her ▁enemies ▁was ▁corrected ▁by ▁Neg an , ▁who ▁proposed ▁to ▁Al pha ▁that ▁instead ▁of ▁destroy ing ▁all ▁of ▁them ▁she ▁would ▁force ▁them ▁to ▁surrender ▁so ▁that ▁they ▁could ▁join ▁her ▁troops . ▁However , ▁the ▁der anged ▁woman ▁once ▁arriv ing ▁at ▁Hill top ▁allowed ▁her ▁men ▁to ▁destroy ▁Hill top ▁as ▁planned ▁and ▁when ▁Neg an ▁expressed ▁confusion ▁regarding ▁the ▁way ▁he ▁understood ▁her ▁proposal , ▁Al pha ▁assured ▁him ▁that ▁her ▁enemies ▁would ▁join ▁her ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁her ▁hor de . ▁ ▁In ▁" W alk ▁with ▁Us ", ▁Al pha ▁is ▁not ▁satisfied ▁with ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁Hill top ▁as ▁she ▁still ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁L yd ia . ▁Neg an ▁later ▁capt ures ▁L yd ia ▁and ▁brings ▁Al pha ▁to ▁her ▁supposed ▁location ▁where ▁Al pha ▁int ends ▁to ▁kill ▁her ▁daughter ▁so ▁that ▁L yd ia ▁will ▁always ▁be ▁with ▁her ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Al pha ' s ▁hor de . ▁However , ▁this ▁proves ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁trap ▁and ▁Neg an ▁sl its ▁Al pha ' s ▁thro at , ▁killing |
▁her . ▁Neg an ▁then ▁del ivers ▁Al pha ' s ▁sever ed ▁z omb ified ▁head ▁to ▁Carol ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁working ▁the ▁whole ▁time . ▁ ▁In ▁" Look ▁at ▁the ▁Flow ers ", ▁Carol ▁places ▁Al pha ' s ▁z omb ified ▁head ▁onto ▁a ▁pi ke ▁at ▁the ▁border ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁manner ▁Al pha ▁did ▁with ▁the ▁fair ▁vict ims . ▁Carol ▁is ▁subsequently ▁ha unted ▁by ▁hall uc in ations ▁of ▁Al pha , ▁representing ▁Carol ' s ▁wish ▁to ▁die . ▁B eta ▁and ▁two ▁other ▁Wh is per ers ▁discover ▁Al pha ' s ▁sever ed ▁head ▁and ▁B eta ▁forces ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁men ▁to ▁allow ▁Al pha ▁to ▁b ite ▁him ▁after ▁he ▁mistaken ly ▁ident ifies ▁B eta ▁as ▁the ▁new ▁Al pha . ▁B eta ▁car ries ▁Al pha ' s ▁head ▁to ▁a ▁hotel ▁connected ▁to ▁B eta ' s ▁past ▁as ▁a ▁famous ▁music ian ▁known ▁as ▁Half ▁Moon ▁and ▁sp ends ▁the ▁night ▁using ▁his ▁old ▁music ▁to ▁draw ▁in ▁a ▁massive ▁her d . ▁In ▁the ▁morning , ▁B eta ▁thanks ▁Al pha ▁before ▁putting ▁her ▁down ▁with ▁a ▁kn ife ▁to ▁the ▁head . ▁B eta ▁then ▁removes ▁part ▁of ▁Al pha ' s ▁face ▁and ▁uses ▁it ▁to ▁repair ▁his ▁ri pped ▁walk er ▁mask . ▁ ▁Development ▁and ▁reception ▁Al pha ▁was ▁port rayed ▁by ▁Sam anth a ▁Mort on ▁on ▁The ▁Walk ing ▁Dead ▁television ▁series , ▁beginning ▁with ▁the ▁nin |
th ▁season . ▁The ▁episode ▁" A da pt ation " ▁marks ▁the ▁first ▁appearance ▁of ▁Sam anth a ▁Mort on ▁as ▁Al pha , ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Wh is per ers . ▁Her ▁casting ▁was ▁first ▁announced ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Mort on ▁joins ▁the ▁main ▁cast ▁as ▁of ▁the ▁episode ▁" Omega ", ▁as ▁her ▁name ▁appears ▁in ▁the ▁opening ▁cred its . ▁For ▁her ▁role ▁as ▁Al pha , ▁Mort on ▁cut ▁and ▁sh aved ▁her ▁real ▁hair ▁for ▁this ▁episode . ▁Mort on ▁said ▁regarding ▁doing ▁it ▁on ▁camera , ▁" Oh , ▁I ▁loved ▁it . ▁It ▁just ▁feels ▁very ▁real , ▁and ▁what ▁the ▁audience ▁is ▁seeing ▁is ▁real , ▁you ▁know ? ▁And ▁there ’ s ▁emot ions ▁about ▁that , ▁but ▁the ▁practical ities ▁for ▁pre - Alpha ▁is ▁that ▁the ▁hair , ▁she ’ s ▁turning ▁herself ▁into ▁something . ▁She ’ s ▁met am orph osing ▁from ▁a ▁c ater p ill ar ▁to ▁a ▁but ter fly , ▁but ▁not ▁the ▁nic est ▁but ter fly , ▁you ▁know ? ▁She ’ s ▁completely ▁changing ▁who ▁she ▁is , ▁and ▁whether ▁that ’ s ▁tra uma ▁and ▁something ▁to ▁do ▁with ▁the ▁brain , ▁or ▁that ▁she ▁just ▁found ▁her ▁true ▁self ▁that ▁she ’ s ▁able ▁to ▁be ▁because ▁of ▁what ’ s ▁happening ▁to ▁the ▁world ." ▁ ▁On ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes , ▁the ▁critical ▁cons ensus ▁for ▁" Omega " ▁reads : ▁"' Omega |
' ▁util izes ▁an ▁un re li able ▁narr ator ▁to ▁flesh ▁out ▁the ▁z omb ie ▁skin - cl ad ▁fan atic ▁Al pha ▁and ▁succeed s ▁at ▁making ▁her ▁all ▁the ▁more ▁un ner ving , ▁but ▁some ▁view ers ▁may ▁find ▁the ▁episode ' s ▁flash back ▁structure ▁and ▁side ▁plots ▁to ▁be ▁more ▁labor ious ▁than ▁revel atory ." ▁On ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes , ▁the ▁critical ▁cons ensus ▁for ▁the ▁following ▁episode ▁" Gu ard ians " ▁reads : ▁"' Gu ard ians ' ▁presents ▁dual ▁stories ▁of ▁tested ▁leadership ▁with ▁them atic ▁reson ance ▁and ▁provides ▁the ▁male vol ent ▁Al pha ▁a ▁pl ump ▁opportunity ▁to ▁demonstrate ▁her ▁villa iny ▁-- ▁although ▁The ▁Walk ing ▁Dead ▁is ▁still ▁with hold ing ▁cru cial ▁context ▁from ▁view ers ▁long ing ▁to ▁understand ▁the ▁motiv ations ▁of ▁their ▁hero es ." ▁ ▁Erik ▁K ain ▁of ▁For bes ▁in ▁his ▁review ▁of ▁" The ▁Cal m ▁Before " ▁said : ▁" Alpha ▁uses ▁the ▁woman ' s ▁scal p ▁and ▁its ▁long ▁golden ▁lo cks ▁as ▁a ▁dis gu ise . ▁She ▁enters ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁and ▁wal ks ▁about ▁E zek iel ' s ▁fair . ▁She ▁even ▁has ▁a ▁( very ▁cre ep y ) ▁conversation ▁with ▁the ▁King , ▁who ▁doesn ' t ▁seem ▁to ▁notice ▁how ▁weird ▁this ▁woman ▁is ." ▁ ▁Writing ▁for ▁Den ▁of ▁Ge ek !, ▁Ron ▁Hog an ▁in ▁his ▁review ▁said : ▁" the ▁cre ative ▁team ▁is ▁able ▁to ▁d ial |
▁it ▁back , ▁spr ink ling ▁moments ▁of ▁hope ful ness ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁Al pha . ▁Un like ▁L yd ia , ▁who ▁was ▁taken ▁in ▁by ▁it , ▁she ' s ▁rep uls ed , ▁and ▁while ▁it ▁doesn ' t ▁show ▁on ▁her ▁face , ▁it ▁shows ▁in ▁her ▁actions , ▁and ▁her ▁talk ▁with ▁D ary l ▁at ▁shot gun - point . ▁The ▁very ▁same ▁inc idents ▁strike ▁two ▁related ▁people ▁totally ▁differently , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁den ou ement ▁of ▁the ▁episode , ▁the ▁very ▁things ▁that ▁l end ▁sweet ness ▁and ▁happiness ▁end ▁up ▁causing ▁the ▁greatest ▁in ▁bit ters weet ▁pain ." ▁ ▁Jeff ▁Stone ▁writing ▁for ▁Ind ie W ire ▁commented ▁on ▁the ▁dec ap itation ▁border : ▁" It ▁is ▁kind ▁of ▁fun ny ▁how ▁Al pha ▁seemed ▁to ▁know ▁how ▁important ▁each ▁character ▁was ▁and ▁ordered ▁them ▁accordingly ." ▁ ▁Alex ▁Mc Le vy ▁writing ▁for ▁The ▁A . V . ▁Club ▁commented ▁that : ▁" Alpha ▁showing ▁the ▁walk er ▁hor de ▁to ▁D ary l ▁is ▁a ▁strong ▁narr ative ▁conce it , ▁the ▁equivalent ▁of ▁warning ▁your ▁enemy ▁by ▁holding ▁up ▁an ▁IC B M ▁and ▁saying ▁you ’ re ▁not ▁afraid ▁to ▁use ▁it ." ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Char acters ▁created ▁by ▁Robert ▁Kirk man ▁Category : Com ics ▁characters ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Category : F ict ional ▁child ▁ab users ▁Category : F ict ional ▁child ▁kill ers ▁Category : F |
ict ional ▁cult ▁leaders ▁Category : F ict ional ▁mar it ic ides ▁Category : F ict ional ▁mass ▁murder ers ▁Category : F ict ional ▁murder ed ▁people ▁in ▁com ics ▁Category : F ict ional ▁murder ed ▁people ▁in ▁television ▁Category : F ict ional ▁women ▁soldiers ▁and ▁war riors ▁Category : The ▁Walk ing ▁Dead ▁characters <0x0A> </s> ▁| } ▁ ▁The ▁V int age ▁St akes ▁is ▁a ▁Group ▁ 2 ▁flat ▁horse ▁race ▁in ▁Great ▁Britain ▁open ▁to ▁two - year - old ▁horses . ▁It ▁is ▁run ▁at ▁Good wood ▁over ▁a ▁distance ▁of ▁ 7 ▁f url ongs ▁( 1 , 4 0 8 ▁metres ), ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁scheduled ▁to ▁take ▁place ▁each ▁year ▁in ▁late ▁July ▁or ▁early ▁August . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁event ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁originally ▁class ed ▁at ▁List ed ▁level . ▁During ▁the ▁early ▁part ▁of ▁its ▁history ▁it ▁was ▁spons ored ▁by ▁L anson ▁and ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁L anson ▁Champ agne ▁V int age ▁St akes . ▁It ▁was ▁given ▁Group ▁ 3 ▁status ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁V int age ▁St akes ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Group ▁ 2 ▁level ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁and ▁from ▁this ▁point ▁it ▁was ▁spons ored ▁by ▁Ve uve ▁C lic quot . ▁It ▁is ▁currently ▁held ▁on ▁the ▁opening ▁day ▁of ▁the ▁five - day ▁G lor ious ▁Good wood ▁meeting . ▁ ▁Several |
▁w inners ▁of ▁the ▁V int age ▁St akes ▁have ▁gone ▁on ▁to ▁achieve ▁victory ▁in ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁year ' s ▁Class ics . ▁The ▁most ▁recent ▁was ▁Gal ile o ▁Gold , ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Gu ine as ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Records ▁Le ading ▁j ockey ▁( 6 ▁wins ): ▁ ▁Will ie ▁Car son ▁– ▁T roy ▁( 1 9 7 8 ), ▁Church ▁Par ade ▁( 1 9 8 0 ), ▁M uk add am ah ▁( 1 9 9 0 ), ▁Dr ▁De vious ▁( 1 9 9 1 ), ▁Mar o of ▁( 1 9 9 2 ), ▁Al ha arth ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁Le ading ▁tra iner ▁( 6 ▁wins ): ▁ ▁Dick ▁Hern ▁– ▁Rib ob oy ▁( 1 9 7 5 ), ▁Sky ▁Sh ip ▁( 1 9 7 6 ), ▁T roy ▁( 1 9 7 8 ), ▁Church ▁Par ade ▁( 1 9 8 0 ), ▁Pet os ki ▁( 1 9 8 4 ), ▁Al ha arth ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁Henry ▁Cec il ▁– ▁Mar athon ▁Gold ▁( 1 9 7 9 ), ▁Tro jan ▁Fen ▁( 1 9 8 3 ), ▁Fa ust us ▁( 1 9 8 5 ), ▁High ▁Est ate ▁( 1 9 8 8 ), ▁Be ▁My ▁Chief ▁( 1 9 8 9 ), ▁El t ish ▁( 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ ▁W inners |
▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Hor se ▁racing ▁in ▁Great ▁Britain ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁British ▁flat ▁horse ▁races ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Paris - T ur f : ▁ ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁▁ ▁Racing ▁Post : ▁ ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁▁ ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁▁ ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁, ▁▁ ▁, ▁▁▁ ▁gal opp - s ie ger . de ▁– ▁V int age ▁St akes . ▁ ▁if ha online . org ▁– ▁International ▁Federation ▁of ▁Hor ser acing ▁Author ities ▁– ▁V int age ▁St akes ▁( 2 0 1 9 ). ▁ ▁pedig ree query . com ▁– ▁V int age ▁St akes ▁– ▁Good wood . ▁▁▁ ▁Category : F lat ▁races ▁in ▁Great ▁Britain ▁Category : Good wood ▁Race course ▁Category : F lat ▁horse ▁races ▁for ▁two - year - olds ▁Category : Rec urr ing ▁sport ing ▁events ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁England <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Barcelona ▁FI A ▁Formula ▁ 2 ▁round ▁was ▁a ▁pair ▁of ▁motor ▁races ▁for ▁Formula ▁ 2 ▁cars ▁that ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁and ▁ 1 2 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁at ▁the ▁Circ uit ▁de ▁Barcelona - C atal unya ▁in ▁Catal onia , ▁Spain ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁FI A ▁Formula ▁ 2 ▁Championship . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁third |
▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁FI A ▁Formula ▁ 2 ▁Championship ▁and ▁ran ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Spanish ▁Grand ▁Prix . ▁ ▁Classification ▁ ▁Qual ifying ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁– ▁Jack ▁A it ken ▁and ▁Dor ian ▁B oc col acci ▁were ▁given ▁three - place ▁grid ▁pen alt ies ▁for ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁an ▁und ec la red ▁and ▁un mark ed ▁rear ▁pl ank . ▁ ▁– ▁Tat iana ▁Cal der ón ▁was ▁given ▁a ▁three - place ▁grid ▁penalty ▁for ▁causing ▁a ▁collision ▁at ▁the ▁previous ▁round ▁in ▁B aku . ▁ ▁Fe ature ▁race ▁ ▁S print ▁race ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁– ▁M ick ▁Sch um acher ▁originally ▁finished ▁ 8 th ▁but ▁was ▁given ▁a ▁five - second ▁time ▁penalty ▁for ▁failing ▁to ▁re join ▁the ▁track ▁safely . ▁ ▁– ▁S ér gio ▁S ette ▁C â m ara ▁originally ▁finished ▁ 1 5 th ▁but ▁was ▁given ▁a ▁five - second ▁time ▁penalty ▁for ▁failing ▁to ▁re join ▁the ▁track ▁safely . ▁ ▁Championship ▁stand ings ▁after ▁the ▁round ▁ ▁D ri vers ' ▁Championship ▁stand ings ▁ ▁Teams ' ▁Championship ▁stand ings ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Barcelona ▁FI A ▁Formula ▁ 3 ▁round ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Barcelona ▁Formula ▁ 2 ▁Category : Auto ▁races ▁in ▁Spain ▁Barcelona ▁FI A ▁Formula ▁ 2 ▁round <0x0A> </s> ▁In ro ads : ▁New ▁and ▁Collect ed ▁Works ▁is ▁a ▁compilation ▁album ▁by ▁Roy |
▁Mont gom ery , ▁released ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁through ▁Reb is ▁Record ings . ▁It ▁cou ples ▁sevent een ▁previously ▁released ▁compos itions ▁with ▁five ▁newly ▁recorded ▁ones . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁Arnold ▁Van ▁B uss ell – ▁rem aster ing ▁Roy ▁Mont gom ery – ▁guitar , ▁rem aster ing , ▁phot ography ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁compilation ▁albums ▁Category : Ro y ▁Mont gom ery ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Robert ▁Daniel ▁Car m ich ael ▁( M arch ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 8 7 9 ▁– ▁May ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 6 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁math ematic ian . ▁ ▁Biography ▁▁ ▁Car m ich ael ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Good water , ▁Alabama . ▁He ▁attended ▁Line ville ▁College , ▁briefly , ▁and ▁he ▁earned ▁his ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 8 , ▁while ▁he ▁was ▁studying ▁towards ▁his ▁Ph . D . ▁degree ▁at ▁Pr inc eton ▁University . ▁Car m ich ael ▁completed ▁the ▁requirements ▁for ▁his ▁Ph . D . ▁in ▁mathematics ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 . ▁Car m ich ael ' s ▁Ph . D . ▁research ▁in ▁mathematics ▁was ▁done ▁under ▁the ▁guidance ▁of ▁the ▁noted ▁American ▁math ematic ian ▁G . ▁David ▁B irk hoff , ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁first ▁significant ▁American ▁contribution ▁to ▁the ▁knowledge ▁of ▁differential ▁equations ▁in ▁mathematics |
. ▁ ▁Car m ich ael ▁next ▁taught ▁at ▁Indiana ▁University ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 5 . ▁Then ▁he ▁moved ▁on ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Illinois , ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁until ▁his ▁ret irement ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁ ▁Car m ich ael ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁research ▁in ▁what ▁are ▁now ▁called ▁the ▁Car m ich ael ▁numbers ▁( a ▁subset ▁of ▁F erm at ▁pseud op r imes , ▁numbers ▁satisfying ▁properties ▁of ▁pr imes ▁described ▁by ▁F erm at ' s ▁Little ▁Theorem ▁although ▁they ▁are ▁not ▁pr imes ), ▁Car m ich ael ' s ▁tot ient ▁function ▁conject ure , ▁Car m ich ael ' s ▁theorem , ▁and ▁the ▁Car m ich ael ▁function , ▁all ▁significant ▁in ▁number ▁theory ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁prime ▁numbers . ▁He ▁found ▁the ▁smallest ▁Car m ich ael ▁number , ▁ 5 6 1 , ▁and ▁over ▁ 5 0 ▁years ▁later , ▁it ▁was ▁proven ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁infinitely ▁many ▁of ▁them . ▁Car m ich ael ▁also ▁described ▁the ▁Ste iner ▁system ▁S ( 5 , 8 , 2 4 ) ▁in ▁his ▁ 1 9 3 1 ▁paper ▁T act ical ▁Config ur ations ▁of ▁Rank ▁ 2 ▁and ▁his ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁book ▁Introduction ▁to ▁the ▁Theory ▁of ▁Gr oups ▁of ▁Fin ite ▁Order , ▁but ▁the ▁structure ▁is ▁often ▁named ▁after ▁Ernst ▁W itt , |
▁who ▁redis cover ed ▁it ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 . ▁ ▁While ▁at ▁Indiana ▁University ▁Car m ich ael ▁was ▁involved ▁with ▁the ▁special ▁theory ▁of ▁relativ ity . ▁ ▁Mathemat ical ▁publications ▁▁ ▁The ▁Theory ▁of ▁Rel ativity , ▁ 1 . ed ition , ▁New ▁York : ▁John ▁W iley ▁& ▁S ons , ▁Inc ., ▁pp . 7 4 , ▁ 1 9 1 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁Theory ▁of ▁Num bers , ▁New ▁York : ▁John ▁W iley ▁& ▁S ons , ▁Inc ., ▁pp . 9 4 , ▁ 1 9 1 4 . ▁ ▁Di oph antine ▁analysis , ▁ 1 . ed ition , ▁New ▁York : ▁John ▁W iley ▁& ▁S ons , ▁Inc ., ▁pp . 1 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 1 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁Theory ▁of ▁Rel ativity . ▁ 2 . ed ition , ▁New ▁York : ▁John ▁W iley ▁& ▁S ons , ▁Inc ., ▁pp . 1 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁ ▁A ▁Deb ate ▁on ▁the ▁Theory ▁of ▁Rel ativity , ▁with ▁an ▁introduction ▁of ▁William ▁L owe ▁Bry an , ▁Chicago : ▁Open ▁Court ▁Pub . ▁CO ., ▁pp . 1 5 4 , ▁ 1 9 2 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁calculus , ▁Robert ▁D . ▁Car m ich ael ▁and ▁James ▁H . ▁We aver , ▁Boston / New ▁York : ▁G inn ▁& ▁company , ▁pp . 3 4 |
5 , ▁ 1 9 2 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁Log ic ▁of ▁Disc overy , ▁Chicago / Lond on : ▁Open ▁Court ▁Publishing ▁CO ., ▁pp . 2 8 0 , ▁ 1 9 3 0 ; ▁Re print ed ▁of ▁Ar no ▁press , ▁New ▁York , ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁ ▁Mathemat ical ▁T ables ▁and ▁Form ulas , ▁Robert ▁D . ▁Car m ich ael ▁and ▁Ed win ▁R . ▁Smith , ▁Boston : ▁G inn ▁& ▁company , ▁pp . 2 6 9 , ▁ 1 9 3 1 ; ▁Re print ▁of ▁D over ▁Publications , ▁Inc ., ▁New ▁York , ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁calculus , ▁re vised ▁exp end iture ▁of ▁Robert ▁D . ▁Car m ich ael , ▁James ▁H . ▁We aver ▁and ▁Lincoln ▁La ▁Paz , ▁Boston / New ▁York : ▁G inn ▁& ▁company , ▁pp . 3 8 4 , ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁ ▁Introduction ▁to ▁the ▁Theory ▁of ▁Gr oups ▁of ▁finite ▁order , ▁Boston / New ▁York : ▁G inn ▁& ▁company , ▁pp . 4 4 7 , ▁ 1 9 3 7 ; ▁Re print ▁of ▁D over ▁Publications , ▁Inc ., ▁New ▁York , ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Pseud op r imes ▁ ▁Notes ▁and ▁references ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁M AA ▁pres idents : ▁Robert ▁Daniel ▁Car m ich ael ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 th - |
century ▁American ▁mathemat icians ▁Category : Number ▁the or ists ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Illinois ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Ind iana ▁University ▁Blo om ington ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Pr inc eton ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Pres idents ▁of ▁the ▁Mathemat ical ▁Association ▁of ▁America ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Good water , ▁Alabama ▁Category : 1 8 7 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 7 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁" Pat ent ▁P ending " ▁is ▁a ▁science ▁fiction ▁ ▁short ▁story ▁by ▁English ▁writer ▁Arthur C . ▁Clar ke , ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁published ▁as ▁" The ▁In vention ". ▁It ▁later ▁appeared ▁in ▁his ▁collection ▁T ales ▁from ▁the ▁White ▁Hart . ▁ ▁" Pat ent ▁P ending " ▁is ▁a ▁frame ▁story , ▁pur port ing ▁to ▁rec ount ▁a ▁scientific ▁tall ▁tale ▁told ▁by ▁a ▁certain ▁Harry ▁Pur vis ▁at ▁the ▁( f ict ional ) ▁" White ▁Hart " ▁pub ▁in ▁London ▁som etime ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁during ▁a ▁discussion ▁of ▁literary ▁c ensor ship ▁( at ▁the ▁exp ense ▁of ▁the ▁cens ors ). ▁ ▁Plot ▁summary ▁The ▁story ▁within ▁a ▁story ▁tells ▁of ▁a ▁French ▁scient ist ▁who ▁successfully ▁finds ▁a ▁way ▁to ▁record ▁and ▁play ▁back ▁brain ▁waves , ▁allowing ▁experiences ▁to ▁be ▁re play ed ▁by ▁other ▁people ▁( r ather ▁like ▁the ▁feel ies ▁in ▁Ald ous ▁H ux ley ' |
s ▁Bra ve ▁New ▁World ). ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁device ' s ▁invent or ▁proves ▁the ▁f idel ity ▁of ▁the ▁record ings ▁by ▁capt uring ▁a ▁well ▁known ▁g our met ' s ▁ra pt ur ous ▁appreci ation ▁of ▁a ▁cord on ▁ble u ▁me al , ▁and ▁playing ▁it ▁back , ▁reprodu cing ▁every ▁fine ▁g ust atory ▁sens ation , ▁his ▁assistant ▁" Ge org es " ▁recogn izes ▁that ▁other ▁sorts ▁of ▁ra pt ure ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁recorded , ▁finding ▁a ▁por n ographic ▁use ▁for ▁the ▁device . ▁ ▁Starting ▁with ▁amateur ▁record ings ▁of ▁his ▁own ▁am orous ▁play ▁with ▁his ▁mist ress , ▁Georges ▁progress ed ▁to ▁a ▁more ▁s oph istic ated ▁work ▁involving ▁a ▁male - f em ale ▁pair ▁of ▁prost it utes ▁whose ▁technique ▁and ▁physical ▁attributes ▁were ▁more ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁job ▁( In ▁telling ▁the ▁story ▁to ▁the ▁audience ▁at ▁the ▁White ▁Hart , ▁Harry ▁Pur vis ▁emphas ized ▁that ▁the ▁pair ▁were ▁not ▁from ▁the ▁Place ▁P ig alle , ▁because ▁the ▁assistant ' s ▁budget ▁did ▁not ▁extend ▁to ▁it ▁ ▁- ▁" He ▁did ▁not ▁go ▁anywhere ▁near ▁the ▁Place ▁P ig alle , ▁because ▁that ▁was ▁full ▁of ▁Americans ▁and ▁prices ▁were ▁accordingly ▁ex or bit ant "). ▁ ▁The ▁resulting ▁record ings ▁were , ▁indeed , ▁every ▁bit ▁as ▁faithful ▁to ▁the ▁young , ▁fit ▁couple ' s ▁ra pt ures ▁as ▁the ▁g our met ' s , ▁and ▁Georges ▁was ▁delight |
ed ▁- ▁entirely ▁too ▁delight ed . ▁ ▁Event ually , ▁Georges ' ▁fasc ination ▁with ▁the ▁recording ▁of ▁that ▁professional ▁performance ▁takes ▁over ▁his ▁life , ▁Georges ' s ▁neglect ed ▁mist ress ▁takes ▁his ▁life ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁known ▁act ▁of ▁electronic ▁inf idel ity . ▁After ▁the ▁police ▁investigation ▁ended , ▁a ▁vent ure ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁recording ▁process ▁commercial ▁( with ▁city ▁officials ▁among ▁the ▁invest ors ) ▁supposed ly ▁went ▁under way , ▁according ▁to ▁Pur vis ▁( as ▁he ▁ended ▁the ▁story ). ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Arthur ▁C ▁Clar ke ▁( 1 9 5 7 ) ▁T ales ▁from ▁the ▁White ▁Hart ▁ ▁Category : Short ▁stories ▁by ▁Arthur ▁C . ▁Clar ke ▁Category : 1 9 5 4 ▁short ▁stories ▁Category : Par is ▁in ▁fiction ▁Category : T ales ▁from ▁the ▁White ▁Hart <0x0A> </s> ▁Mon a ▁El ▁S agh ir ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁television ▁Script ▁Review ▁and ▁Material ▁Classification ▁Department , ▁previously ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁television ▁C ensor ship ▁Department , ▁( ر ق ا ب ة ▁ال ت ل ي ف ز ي و ن ▁ال م ص ر ى ). ▁ ▁The ▁department ▁is ▁the ▁central ▁department ▁responsible ▁for ▁review ing ▁scripts ▁and ▁video ▁materials ▁air ing ▁on ▁state - run ▁Egypt ian ▁television : ▁terrest rial , ▁satellite , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁N ile ▁Television ▁Network . ▁The ▁department ▁has ▁over ▁ 2 5 7 ▁employees ▁and ▁is ▁divided ▁into ▁Arab ic ▁and ▁English |
▁depart ments ▁for ▁review ing ▁scripts ▁and ▁video ▁materials ▁including : ▁films , ▁programs ▁and ▁TV ▁shows , ▁series ▁and ▁commer ci als . ▁ ▁Intel lect ual ▁State ▁C ens ors ▁ ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁drama ▁mak ers ' ▁compla ints ▁about ▁the ▁ignor ance ▁of ▁cens ors ▁in ▁dealing ▁with ▁the ▁art ▁of ▁drama ▁have ▁decre ased ▁dram atically . ▁During ▁ 2 0 ▁months ▁only , ▁Egypt ian ▁television ▁cens ors ▁received ▁some ▁ 6 6 ▁courses ▁in ▁different ▁aspects ▁of ▁script ▁writing , ▁diction , ▁camera ▁skills ▁and ▁technical ities . ▁This ▁has ▁after ▁a ▁long ▁struggle , ▁managed ▁to ▁retrieve ▁communication ▁between ▁state - run ▁television ▁and ▁artists , ▁who ▁have ▁for ▁long ▁suffered ▁from ▁cens ors ' ▁blind ▁and ▁sab ot aging ▁sc iss ors . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁El ▁S agh ir ▁introduced ▁TV ▁ratings , ▁when ▁episodes ▁of ▁the ▁controvers ial ▁show ▁The ▁B old ▁and ▁the ▁Beautiful ▁were ▁a ired ▁semi ▁un cut ▁with ▁an ▁intro - screen ▁warning ▁parents ▁that ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁suitable ▁for ▁" Ad ult s ▁Only ". ▁The ▁air ing ▁of ▁the ▁episodes ▁was ▁critic ized ▁for ▁the ▁sexual ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁show . ▁Further ▁TV ▁rating ▁categories ▁are ▁due ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁where ▁drama ▁and ▁TV ▁shows ▁will ▁be ▁r ated ▁from ▁Par ental ▁Gu id ance ▁( PG ) ▁to ▁Ad ult s ▁Only . ▁ ▁The ▁Egypt ian ▁C ensor ship ▁Department ▁particip ates |
▁in ▁the ▁Euro ▁- ▁Mediter rane o ▁Ann ual ▁Conference ▁in ▁Italy ▁that ▁a ims ▁to " ▁develop ▁mut ually ▁benef icial ▁projects ▁that ▁involve ▁the ▁new ▁public ▁and ▁private ▁inter loc utors ▁in ▁Arab ▁states ▁of ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁G ulf , ▁in ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁the ▁priority ▁se ctors ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁Mediter rane an ▁Sea ▁area ▁that ▁include ▁infrastr ucture ▁and ▁energy ▁networks , ▁log istics , ▁techn ological ▁innov ation , ▁information ▁and ▁mass ▁media ." ▁The ▁ER T U ▁also ▁particip ates ▁as ▁an ▁active ▁member ▁in ▁the ▁Euro vision ▁TV ▁Sum mit , ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁European ▁Broadcast ing ▁Union ▁( E BU ) ▁in ▁Switzerland , ▁where ▁S agh ir ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁fiction ▁committee . ▁S agh ir ▁is ▁a ▁co - found er ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Media ▁Forum , ▁Egypt . ▁ ▁" The ▁Season ▁of ▁Re con c ili ation " ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁holy ▁month ▁of ▁Ram ad an ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁when ▁TV ▁produ ctions ▁and ▁view ership ▁are ▁at ▁their ▁peak , ▁the ▁cens ors ' ▁toler ance ▁initi ated ▁what ▁local ▁newsp apers ▁such ▁as ▁Al mas ry ▁A ly ou m ▁claimed ▁was ▁" the ▁season ▁of ▁recon c ili ation " ▁between ▁drama ▁and ▁local ▁TV . ▁The ▁per se pective ▁of ▁state ▁cens ors ▁has ▁changed ▁to ▁drama ▁mak ers , ▁as ▁dialog ue ▁between ▁the ▁cens ors ▁and ▁writers / direct ors ▁has ▁left ▁old ▁tab o os ▁like |
▁sexual ity , ▁dru gs ▁and ▁politics ▁and ▁many ▁social ▁ill s ▁once ▁in ▁the ▁dark , ▁open ▁for ▁fair ▁discuss ions ▁before ▁being ▁cens ored . ▁Many ▁agree ▁that ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁open ness ▁has ▁been ▁improved ▁significantly ▁and ▁many ▁artists ▁and ▁dram at ists ▁find ▁the ▁new ▁department ▁to ▁be ▁ref res hing ly ▁dynamic ▁and ▁relatively ▁liberal ▁since ▁S agh ir ▁took ▁office . ▁ ▁The ▁Forum ▁ ▁Mon a ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁board ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁global ▁forum ▁for ▁media ▁and ▁development , ▁the ▁G F MD ▁egy pt . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : E gypt ian ▁television ▁personal ities ▁Category : E gypt ian ▁film ▁critics ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Div ine ▁Mis de mean ors ▁( Dec ember ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁is ▁the ▁e ighth ▁novel ▁in ▁the ▁Mer ry ▁G entry ▁series ▁written ▁by ▁La ure ll ▁K . ▁Hamilton . ▁The ▁book ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁s elling ▁nov els ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Div ine ▁Mis de mean ors ▁follows ▁the ▁character ▁of ▁Mer ed ith ▁Nic E ss us , ▁prin cess ▁of ▁fa erie , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Mer ry ▁G entry . ▁Having ▁succeeded ▁in ▁her ▁goal ▁to ▁become ▁pre gn ant ▁before ▁her ▁cousin ▁Cel , ▁Mer ry ▁has ▁decl ined ▁the ▁Un se el ie ▁throne ▁and ▁is ▁attempting ▁to ▁live ▁peace |
fully ▁with ▁her ▁men ▁and ▁court ▁while ▁dealing ▁with ▁continued ▁court ▁intr igue ▁and ▁the ▁pap ar az zi . ▁This ▁is ▁made ▁more ▁difficult ▁when ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁brut al ▁mur ders ▁r ips ▁through ▁the ▁area , ▁with ▁the ▁Grey ▁Det ect ive ▁Agency ▁being ▁asked ▁to ▁take ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁investig ations ▁and ▁to ▁send ▁Mer ry ▁in ▁particular . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Mer ry ▁is ▁having ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁stress ▁of ▁leading ▁a ▁large ▁group ▁of ▁f ey ▁outside ▁of ▁the ▁Se el ie ▁and ▁Un se el ie ▁courts . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Publish ers ▁Week ly ▁wrote ▁that ▁Div ine ▁Mis de mean ors ▁was ▁" full ▁of ▁steam y ▁sex ▁and ▁wild ▁magic " ▁but ▁that ▁" new com ers ▁will ▁be ▁lost , ▁and ▁mystery ▁fans ▁may ▁feel ▁the ▁sex ▁scenes ▁crowd ▁out ▁the ▁plot ", ▁although ▁" v eter ans ▁of ▁the ▁series ▁will ▁no ▁doubt ▁enjoy ▁their ▁return ▁to ▁Hamilton ' s ▁met icul ously ▁constructed ▁world ." ▁Book list ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁novel ' s ▁mystery ▁" starts ▁out ▁with ▁great ▁page - turn er ▁potential , ▁then ▁strugg les ▁to ▁overcome ▁some ▁heavy ▁personal ▁drama , ▁only ▁to ▁f izz le ▁out ▁in ▁a ▁too ▁simply ▁resolved ▁conclusion " ▁but ▁that ▁overall ▁Div ine ▁Mis de mean ors ▁" reb ounds ▁as ▁new ▁conflicts ▁emer ge ▁within ▁Mer ry ’ s ▁cl an ▁as ▁their ▁fa erie ▁powers ▁grow ". ▁R T ▁Book ▁Re views ▁gave ▁the ▁novel ▁ 4 ▁ |
1 / 2 ▁stars , ▁pra ising ▁the ▁book ' s ▁characters . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Book ▁page ▁on ▁Official ▁La ure ll ▁K . ▁Hamilton ▁website ▁ ▁Publish er ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁American ▁nov els ▁Category : American ▁alternate ▁history ▁nov els ▁Category : American ▁er otic ▁nov els ▁Category : American ▁fant asy ▁nov els ▁Category : American ▁horror ▁nov els ▁Category : U r ban ▁fant asy ▁nov els ▁Category : Mer ry ▁G entry ▁( series ) ▁Category : B all antine ▁Books ▁books <0x0A> </s> ▁P are ucha etes ▁aur ata ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁sub family ▁Ar ct i inae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Arthur ▁Gard iner ▁Butler ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 5 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Brazil , ▁Argentina ▁and ▁Par agu ay . ▁ ▁Sub species ▁P are ucha etes ▁aur ata ▁aur ata ▁( B raz il , ▁Argentina , ▁Par agu ay ) ▁P are ucha etes ▁aur ata ▁aur ant ior ▁Roth sch ild , ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁( B raz il ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : P ha eg opter ina ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁Is oc it ric ▁acid ▁is ▁a ▁struct ural ▁is omer ▁of ▁cit ric ▁acid . ▁ ▁Sal ts ▁and ▁est ers ▁of ▁is oc it ric ▁acid ▁are ▁known ▁as ▁is oc it r ates . ▁The ▁is oc it |
rate ▁an ion ▁is ▁a ▁substr ate ▁of ▁the ▁cit ric ▁acid ▁cycle . ▁Is oc it rate ▁is ▁formed ▁from ▁cit rate ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁the ▁en zym e ▁acon it ase , ▁and ▁is ▁acted ▁upon ▁by ▁is oc it rate ▁de h ydro gen ase . ▁ ▁Is oc it ric ▁acid ▁is ▁commonly ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁marker ▁to ▁detect ▁the ▁authentic ity ▁and ▁quality ▁of ▁fruit ▁products , ▁most ▁often ▁cit rus ▁ju ices . ▁ ▁In ▁authentic ▁orange ▁ju ice , ▁for ▁example , ▁the ▁ratio ▁of ▁cit ric ▁acid ▁to ▁D - is oc it ric ▁acid ▁is ▁usually ▁less ▁than ▁ 1 3 0 . ▁An ▁is oc it ric ▁acid ▁value ▁higher ▁than ▁this ▁may ▁be ▁indic ative ▁of ▁fruit ▁ju ice ▁ad ul ter ation . ▁ ▁Inter active ▁path way ▁map ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Cit ric ▁Ac id ▁ ▁T art ar ic ▁Ac id ▁ ▁Mal ic ▁Ac id ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Alpha ▁hydro xy ▁ac ids ▁Category : T ric ar box y lic ▁ac ids ▁Category : C it ric ▁acid ▁cycle ▁comp ounds ▁Category : A ld ols <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁A aron ▁Silver man ▁( Oct ober ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁– ▁December ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁phys ician ▁who ▁made ▁important ▁contributions ▁to ▁ne on at ology . ▁He ▁held ▁academic ▁positions ▁at ▁Columbia ▁University ▁College ▁of ▁Phys icians |
▁and ▁Sur ge ons ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁medical ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁ne on atal ▁int ensive ▁care ▁unit ▁at ▁Columbia - Pres by ter ian ▁Medical ▁Center . ▁Silver man ▁ur ged ▁phys icians ▁to ▁address ▁consider ations ▁like ▁quality ▁of ▁care ▁in ▁form ulating ▁medical ▁treatment ▁plans , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁management ▁of ▁prem ature ▁inf ants . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Silver man ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Cleveland ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 7 . ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁late ▁in ▁his ▁life , ▁Silver man ▁said ▁that ▁his ▁mother ▁had ▁r he um atic ▁heart ▁disease ▁and ▁that ▁she ▁strugg led ▁with ▁her ▁health ▁after ▁he ▁was ▁born , ▁so ▁he ▁was ▁raised ▁mostly ▁by ▁his ▁grand par ents . ▁Silver man ▁was ▁also ▁sick ly ▁as ▁a ▁child . ▁His ▁family ▁moved ▁to ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁hoping ▁that ▁the ▁climate ▁would ▁have ▁benef icial ▁effects ▁on ▁the ▁health ▁of ▁Silver man ▁and ▁his ▁mother . ▁Silver man ' s ▁mother ▁died ▁of ▁a ▁stroke ▁two ▁years ▁later . ▁ ▁He ▁completed ▁under grad uate ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁( U CLA ). ▁Silver man ▁earned ▁a ▁medical ▁degree ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁San ▁Francisco ▁( U CS F ). ▁He ▁completed ▁a ▁res iden cy ▁at ▁Columbia - Pres by ter ian ▁Medical ▁Center . ▁ ▁App oint ments ▁and ▁service ▁Rem aining ▁on ▁the ▁staff ▁at ▁Columbia - Pres by ter ian ▁after ▁his ▁res |
iden cy , ▁Silver man ▁later ▁became ▁the ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁hospital ' s ▁ne on atal ▁int ensive ▁care ▁unit . ▁After ▁many ▁years ▁at ▁Columbia - Pres by ter ian , ▁Silver man ▁moved ▁back ▁to ▁California ▁and ▁directed ▁the ▁ne on atal ▁int ensive ▁care ▁unit ▁at ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital . ▁He ▁also ▁spent ▁time ▁working ▁with ▁children ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁blind ed ▁by ▁ret in op ath y ▁of ▁prem atur ity , ▁previously ▁known ▁as ▁ret rol ental ▁fib ro pl asia . ▁ ▁Cont ribution s ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁Silver man ▁contributed ▁to ▁the ▁knowledge ▁that ▁ret in op ath y ▁of ▁prem atur ity ▁was ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁high ▁concentr ations ▁of ▁o xygen ▁admin ister ed ▁to ▁prem ature ▁inf ants . ▁Early ▁in ▁his ▁career , ▁he ▁had ▁conducted ▁a ▁trial ▁that ▁exam ined ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁ad ren oc ort ic otrop ic ▁h orm one ▁( ACT H ) ▁in ▁tre ating ▁ret in op ath y ▁of ▁prem atur ity . ▁Though ▁his ▁research ▁seemed ▁to ▁support ▁A CT H ▁as ▁an ▁effective ▁treatment ▁for ▁the ▁condition , ▁research ers ▁at ▁Joh ns ▁Hop kins ▁University ▁School ▁of ▁Medicine ▁dis pro ved ▁this ▁connection . ▁The ▁experience ▁with ▁A CT H ▁made ▁a ▁strong ▁impression ▁on ▁Silver man , ▁who ▁became ▁ad am ant ▁that ▁strong ▁scientific ▁evidence ▁must ▁guide ▁medical ▁dec isions . ▁Ep ide mi ologist ▁David ▁S ack ett |
▁said ▁that ▁Silver man ▁was ▁" clear ly ▁the ▁pione er " ▁in ▁evidence - based ▁medicine . ▁ ▁Em phas izing ▁that ▁phys icians ▁must ▁consider ▁quality ▁of ▁life ▁before ▁dec iding ▁to ▁purs ue ▁new ▁and ▁ag gress ive ▁treat ments ▁in ▁the ▁ne on atal ▁int ensive ▁care ▁unit , ▁Silver man ▁supported ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁parents ▁to ▁decide ▁that ▁their ▁sever ely ▁prem ature ▁b ab ies ▁should ▁not ▁be ▁res us cit ated . ▁Refer ring ▁to ▁Silver man ' s ▁position ▁in ▁medicine ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁U CS F ▁phys ician ▁Mal col m ▁H oll iday ▁said , ▁" B ill ▁was ▁really ▁regarded ▁as ▁the ▁premier ▁ne on at ologist ▁of ▁that ▁period ." ▁ ▁Later ▁life ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁American ▁Foundation ▁for ▁the ▁Bl ind ▁awarded ▁its ▁highest ▁honor , ▁the ▁Mig el ▁Medal , ▁to ▁Silver man . ▁He ▁died ▁of ▁ren al ▁failure ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁Upon ▁his ▁death , ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁married ▁to ▁Ruth ▁Silver man ▁for ▁ 5 9 ▁years . ▁They ▁had ▁three ▁children . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁The ▁C och rane ▁Coll abor ation ▁awards ▁the ▁Bill ▁Silver man ▁Prize ▁to ▁a ▁research er ▁who ▁evalu ates ▁and ▁impro ves ▁the ▁presentation , ▁maintenance ▁or ▁dis sem ination ▁of ▁the ▁collaboration ' s ▁materials . ▁The ▁American ▁Academy ▁of ▁Ped iat rics ▁hon ored ▁him ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 |
▁with ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁William ▁A . ▁Silver man ▁L ect ures hip . ▁ ▁Selected ▁publications ▁Dun ham ' s ▁Prem ature ▁Inf ants , ▁Third ▁Edition ▁( 1 9 6 1 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁Link s ▁William ▁A . ▁Silver man ▁Pap ers ▁Silver man ▁and ▁But ter field ▁Inf ant ▁Inc ub ator ▁Research ▁Collection ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 4 ▁death s ▁Category : American ▁ped iat r icians ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁California , ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁California , ▁San ▁Francisco ▁al umn i ▁Category : Col umb ia ▁Medical ▁School ▁fac ulty ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁California , ▁San ▁Francisco ▁fac ulty ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁kid ney ▁failure <0x0A> </s> ▁My r ina ▁der map tera , ▁the ▁less er ▁fig - tree ▁blue ▁or ▁scar ce ▁fig - tree ▁blue , ▁is ▁a ▁but ter fly ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁Ly ca en idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Sub - S ah aran ▁Africa , ▁southern ▁Arab ia ▁and ▁northern ▁O man . ▁ ▁The ▁wings pan ▁is ▁ 2 6 – 3 2 mm ▁for ▁males ▁and ▁ 3 0 – 3 8 mm ▁for ▁females . ▁Ad ult s ▁are ▁on ▁wing ▁year ▁round ▁with ▁strong ▁pe aks ▁in ▁November ▁and ▁from ▁April ▁to ▁June . ▁ ▁The ▁lar va e ▁feed ▁on ▁F icus ▁species , ▁including |
▁F . ▁sur , ▁F . ▁th on ning ii ▁and ▁F . ▁n atal ensis . ▁ ▁Sub species ▁My r ina ▁der map tera ▁der map tera ▁( E astern ▁Cape ▁to ▁K wa Z ulu - N atal ▁and ▁M p um al anga ▁and ▁L imp opo , ▁southern ▁Moz amb ique ) ▁My r ina ▁der map tera ▁ny ass ae ▁Tal bot , ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁( Z imb ab we , ▁Mal aw i , ▁eastern ▁T anz ania ▁to ▁Ken ya ▁( N airo bi )) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Die ▁G ross - Sch met ter ling e ▁der ▁Er de ▁ 1 3 : ▁Die ▁Af rik an ischen ▁Tag f alter . ▁Pl ate ▁XIII ▁ 6 6 ▁f ▁ ▁Category : Am b ly p odi ini ▁Category : But ter f lies ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 7 <0x0A> </s> ▁ 2 7 ▁Miss ing ▁K isses ▁( , ▁o ts dash vid i ▁d ak arg uli ▁k ots na ) ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Georg ian ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁N ana ▁Dj ord j ad ze . ▁It ▁was ▁Georgia ' s ▁submission ▁to ▁the ▁ 7 3 rd ▁Academy ▁Awards ▁for ▁the ▁Academy ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Foreign ▁Language ▁Film , ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁accepted ▁as ▁a ▁nom ine e . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Ph ed on ▁Pap am ich ael ▁won ▁the ▁Prix ▁V ision ▁at |
▁the ▁Av ignon ▁Film ▁Festival ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁N ana ▁D zh ord zh ad ze ▁ ▁won ▁the ▁Prix ▁Tourn age ▁at ▁the ▁Av ignon ▁Film ▁Festival ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁N ana ▁D zh ord zh ad ze ▁ ▁won ▁the ▁Golden ▁A ph rod ite ▁at ▁the ▁Love ▁is ▁Fol ly ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁Bulg aria ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁N ana ▁D zh ord zh ad ze ▁ ▁won ▁the ▁Special ▁Prize ▁of ▁the ▁J ury ▁at ▁the ▁Br uss els ▁European ▁Film ▁Festival ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Cinema ▁of ▁Georgia ▁List ▁of ▁subm issions ▁to ▁the ▁ 7 3 rd ▁Academy ▁Awards ▁for ▁Best ▁Foreign ▁Language ▁Film ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁N ana ▁J or j ad ze ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁Greece ▁Category : Ge org ian - language ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁scored ▁by ▁Gor an ▁B reg ović ▁Category : Com edy ▁films ▁from ▁Georgia ▁( country ) ▁Category : Fil ms ▁from ▁Georgia ▁( country ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Problem - based ▁learning ▁( P BL ) ▁is ▁a ▁student - center ed ▁ped ag ogy ▁in ▁which ▁students ▁learn ▁about ▁a ▁subject ▁through ▁the ▁experience ▁of ▁solving ▁an ▁open - ended ▁problem ▁found ▁in ▁trigger ▁material . ▁The ▁P BL ▁process ▁does ▁not ▁focus ▁on ▁problem ▁solving ▁with ▁a ▁defined ▁solution , ▁but |
▁it ▁allows ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁other ▁des irable ▁skills ▁and ▁attributes . ▁This ▁includes ▁knowledge ▁ac quisition , ▁en hanced ▁group ▁collaboration ▁and ▁communication . ▁ ▁The ▁P BL ▁process ▁was ▁developed ▁for ▁medical ▁education ▁and ▁has ▁since ▁been ▁bro aden ed ▁in ▁applications ▁for ▁other ▁programs ▁of ▁learning . ▁The ▁process ▁allows ▁for ▁learn ers ▁to ▁develop ▁skills ▁used ▁for ▁their ▁future ▁practice . ▁It ▁enh ances ▁critical ▁app rais al , ▁literature ▁retr ieval ▁and ▁encourag es ▁on going ▁learning ▁within ▁a ▁team ▁environment . ▁ ▁The ▁P BL ▁tutorial ▁process ▁involves ▁working ▁in ▁small ▁groups ▁of ▁learn ers . ▁Each ▁student ▁takes ▁on ▁a ▁role ▁within ▁the ▁group ▁that ▁may ▁be ▁formal ▁or ▁inform al ▁and ▁the ▁role ▁often ▁altern ates . ▁It ▁is ▁focused ▁on ▁the ▁student ' s ▁reflection ▁and ▁reasoning ▁to ▁construct ▁their ▁own ▁learning . ▁The ▁Ma astr icht ▁seven - j ump ▁process ▁involves ▁clar ifying ▁terms , ▁defining ▁problem ( s ), ▁bra inst orm ing , ▁struct uring ▁and ▁hypothesis , ▁learning ▁object ives , ▁independent ▁study ▁and ▁synth esis . ▁In ▁short , ▁it ▁is ▁ident ifying ▁what ▁they ▁already ▁know , ▁what ▁they ▁need ▁to ▁know , ▁and ▁how ▁and ▁where ▁to ▁access ▁new ▁information ▁that ▁may ▁lead ▁to ▁the ▁resolution ▁of ▁the ▁problem . ▁The ▁role ▁of ▁the ▁t utor ▁is ▁to ▁facil itate ▁learning ▁by ▁supporting , ▁gu iding , ▁and ▁monitoring ▁the ▁learning ▁process . ▁The ▁t utor ▁a ims ▁to ▁build ▁students ' ▁confidence ▁when ▁address |
ing ▁problems , ▁while ▁also ▁expand ing ▁their ▁understanding . ▁ ▁This ▁process ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁construct iv ism . ▁P BL ▁represents ▁a ▁parad ig m ▁shift ▁from ▁traditional ▁teaching ▁and ▁learning ▁philosophy , ▁which ▁is ▁more ▁often ▁lecture - based . ▁The ▁construct s ▁for ▁teaching ▁P BL ▁are ▁very ▁different ▁from ▁traditional ▁class room ▁or ▁lecture ▁teaching ▁and ▁often ▁require ▁more ▁prepar ation ▁time ▁and ▁resources ▁to ▁support ▁small ▁group ▁learning . ▁ ▁Mean ing ▁Wood ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁defines ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁as ▁a ▁process ▁that ▁uses ▁identified ▁issues ▁within ▁a ▁scenario ▁to ▁increase ▁knowledge ▁and ▁understanding . ▁The ▁principles ▁of ▁this ▁process ▁are ▁listed ▁below : ▁▁ ▁Lear ner - dri ven ▁self - ident ified ▁goals ▁and ▁out comes ▁ ▁Stud ents ▁do ▁independent , ▁self - direct ed ▁study ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁larger ▁group ▁▁ ▁Learning ▁is ▁done ▁in ▁small ▁groups ▁of ▁ 8 – 1 0 ▁people , ▁with ▁a ▁t utor ▁to ▁facil itate ▁discussion ▁▁ ▁Tr igger ▁materials ▁such ▁as ▁paper - based ▁clin ical ▁scenarios , ▁lab ▁data , ▁photograph s , ▁articles ▁or ▁videos ▁or ▁patients ▁( real ▁or ▁sim ulated ) ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁ ▁The ▁Ma astr icht ▁ 7 - j ump ▁process ▁helps ▁to ▁guide ▁the ▁P BL ▁tutorial ▁process ▁ ▁Based ▁on ▁principles ▁of ▁adult ▁learning ▁theory ▁ ▁All ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁group ▁have ▁a ▁role ▁to ▁play ▁ ▁All ows ▁for ▁knowledge ▁ac quisition ▁through ▁combined ▁work ▁and ▁intellect ▁ ▁En |
h ances ▁team work ▁and ▁communication , ▁problem - sol ving ▁and ▁encourag es ▁independent ▁responsibility ▁for ▁shared ▁learning ▁- ▁all ▁essential ▁skills ▁for ▁future ▁practice ▁ ▁Anyone ▁can ▁do ▁it ▁as ▁long ▁it ▁is ▁right ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁given ▁causes ▁and ▁scenario ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁P BL ▁process ▁was ▁pione ered ▁by ▁Bar rows ▁and ▁Tamb lyn ▁at ▁the ▁medical ▁school ▁program ▁at ▁ ▁Mc Master ▁University ▁in ▁Hamilton ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁Trad itional ▁medical ▁education ▁dis en ch anted ▁students , ▁who ▁perce ived ▁the ▁vast ▁amount ▁of ▁material ▁presented ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁three ▁years ▁of ▁medical ▁school ▁as ▁having ▁little ▁relev ance ▁to ▁the ▁practice ▁of ▁medicine ▁and ▁clin ically ▁based ▁medicine . ▁The ▁P BL ▁curr icul um ▁was ▁developed ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁stim ulate ▁learning ▁by ▁allowing ▁students ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁relev ance ▁and ▁application ▁to ▁future ▁roles . ▁It ▁maintain s ▁a ▁higher ▁level ▁of ▁motiv ation ▁towards ▁learning , ▁and ▁shows ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁responsible , ▁professional ▁att itudes ▁with ▁team work ▁values . ▁The ▁motiv ation ▁for ▁learning ▁drives ▁interest ▁because ▁it ▁allows ▁for ▁selection ▁of ▁problems ▁that ▁have ▁real - world ▁application . ▁ ▁Problem - based ▁learning ▁has ▁subsequently ▁been ▁adopted ▁by ▁other ▁medical ▁school ▁programs ▁adapted ▁for ▁under grad uate ▁instruction , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁K - 1 2 . ▁The ▁use ▁of ▁P BL ▁has ▁expanded ▁from ▁its ▁initial ▁introduction ▁into ▁medical ▁school ▁programs ▁to ▁include ▁education ▁in ▁the ▁areas ▁of ▁other ▁health ▁sciences , |
▁math , ▁law , ▁education , ▁econom ics , ▁business , ▁social ▁studies , ▁and ▁engineering . ▁ ▁P BL ▁includes ▁problems ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁solved ▁in ▁many ▁different ▁ways ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁initial ▁identification ▁of ▁the ▁problem ▁and ▁may ▁have ▁more ▁than ▁one ▁solution . ▁ ▁Adv antages ▁There ▁are ▁advantages ▁of ▁P BL . ▁It ▁is ▁student - f oc used , ▁which ▁allows ▁for ▁active ▁learning ▁and ▁better ▁understanding ▁and ▁ret ention ▁of ▁knowledge . ▁It ▁also ▁helps ▁to ▁develop ▁life ▁skills ▁that ▁are ▁applicable ▁to ▁many ▁domains . ▁It ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁enh ance ▁content ▁knowledge ▁while ▁simultaneously ▁fost ering ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁communication , ▁problem - sol ving , ▁critical ▁thinking , ▁collaboration , ▁and ▁self - direct ed ▁learning ▁skills . ▁P BL ▁may ▁position ▁students ▁to ▁optim ally ▁function ▁using ▁real - world ▁experiences . ▁By ▁har ness ing ▁collect ive ▁group ▁intellect , ▁differ ing ▁pers pect ives ▁may ▁offer ▁different ▁per ception s ▁and ▁solutions ▁to ▁a ▁problem . ▁Following ▁are ▁the ▁advantages ▁and ▁limitations ▁of ▁problem - based ▁learning . ▁ ▁En h ance ▁student - cent red ▁learning ▁▁ ▁In ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁the ▁students ▁are ▁act ively ▁involved ▁and ▁they ▁like ▁this ▁method . ▁It ▁fost ers ▁active ▁learning , ▁and ▁also ▁ret ention ▁and ▁development ▁of ▁lif el ong ▁learning ▁skills . ▁It ▁encourag es ▁self - direct ed ▁learning ▁by ▁confront ing ▁students ▁with ▁problems ▁and ▁stim ul ates ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁deep ▁learning . ▁ ▁U |
ph olds ▁lif el ong ▁learning ▁▁ ▁Problem - based ▁learning ▁gives ▁emphas is ▁to ▁lif el ong ▁learning ▁by ▁developing ▁in ▁students ▁the ▁potential ▁to ▁determine ▁their ▁own ▁goals , ▁locate ▁appropriate ▁resources ▁for ▁learning ▁and ▁assume ▁responsibility ▁for ▁what ▁they ▁need ▁to ▁know . ▁It ▁also ▁greatly ▁helps ▁them ▁better ▁long ▁term ▁knowledge ▁ret ention . ▁ ▁Prom in ence ▁on ▁compreh ension ▁not ▁facts ▁▁ ▁Problem - based ▁learning ▁focus es ▁on ▁eng aging ▁students ▁in ▁finding ▁solutions ▁to ▁real ▁life ▁situations ▁and ▁pert inent ▁context ual ized ▁problems . ▁In ▁this ▁method ▁discussion ▁for ums ▁collabor ative ▁research ▁take ▁the ▁place ▁of ▁lect uring . ▁ ▁In - depth ▁learning ▁and ▁construct iv ist ▁approach ▁▁ ▁P BL ▁fost ers ▁learning ▁by ▁involving ▁students ▁with ▁the ▁interaction ▁of ▁learning ▁materials . ▁They ▁relate ▁the ▁concept ▁they ▁study ▁with ▁every day ▁activities ▁and ▁enh ance ▁their ▁knowledge ▁and ▁understanding . ▁Stud ents ▁also ▁activ ate ▁their ▁prior ▁knowledge ▁and ▁build ▁on ▁existing ▁concept ual ▁knowledge ▁frameworks . ▁ ▁Aug ments ▁self - learning ▁▁ ▁Stud ents ▁themselves ▁resolve ▁the ▁problems ▁that ▁are ▁given ▁to ▁them , ▁they ▁take ▁more ▁interest ▁and ▁responsibility ▁for ▁their ▁learning . ▁They ▁themselves ▁will ▁look ▁for ▁resources ▁like ▁research ▁articles , ▁journ als , ▁web ▁materials , ▁text ▁books ▁etc . ▁for ▁their ▁purpose . ▁Thus ▁it ▁equ ips ▁them ▁with ▁more ▁prof ic iency ▁in ▁seeking ▁resources ▁in ▁comparison ▁to ▁the ▁students ▁of ▁traditional ▁learning ▁methods . ▁ ▁Better ▁understanding ▁and ▁ade pt ness |
▁▁ ▁By ▁giving ▁more ▁significance ▁to ▁the ▁meaning , ▁applic ability ▁and ▁relev ance ▁to ▁the ▁learning ▁materials ▁it ▁leads ▁to ▁better ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁subjects ▁lear nt . ▁When ▁students ▁are ▁given ▁more ▁challeng ing ▁and ▁significant ▁problems ▁are ▁given ▁it ▁makes ▁them ▁more ▁prof ic ient . ▁The ▁real ▁life ▁context s ▁and ▁problems ▁makes ▁their ▁learning ▁more ▁prof ound , ▁last ing ▁and ▁also ▁enh ance ▁the ▁transfer ability ▁of ▁skills ▁and ▁knowledge ▁from ▁the ▁class room ▁to ▁work . ▁Since ▁there ▁is ▁more ▁scope ▁for ▁application ▁of ▁knowledge ▁and ▁skills ▁the ▁transfer ability ▁is ▁increased . ▁It ▁will ▁be ▁also ▁very ▁helpful ▁to ▁them ▁not ▁only ▁to ▁visual ise ▁what ▁it ▁will ▁be ▁like ▁applying ▁that ▁knowledge ▁and ▁expert ise ▁on ▁their ▁field ▁of ▁work ▁or ▁profession . ▁ ▁Rein for ces ▁inter person al ▁skills ▁and ▁team work ▁▁ ▁Project ▁based ▁learning ▁is ▁more ▁of ▁team work ▁and ▁collabor ative ▁learning . ▁The ▁teams ▁or ▁groups ▁resolve ▁relevant ▁problems ▁in ▁collaboration ▁and ▁hence ▁it ▁fost ers ▁student ▁interaction , ▁team work ▁and ▁rein for ces ▁inter person al ▁skills . ▁like ▁peer ▁evaluation , ▁working ▁with ▁group ▁dynamic ▁etc . ▁It ▁also ▁fost ers ▁in ▁them ▁the ▁leadership ▁qual ities , ▁learn ▁to ▁make ▁decision ▁by ▁cons ensus ▁and ▁give ▁construct ive ▁feed ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁team ▁members ▁etc . ▁ ▁Self - mot iv ated ▁attitude ▁▁ ▁Research ers ▁say ▁that ▁students ▁like ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁classes ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁traditional ▁classes . ▁The ▁increase ▁in |
▁the ▁percentage ▁of ▁attend ance ▁of ▁students ▁and ▁their ▁attitude ▁towards ▁this ▁approach ▁itself ▁makes ▁it ▁very ▁clear ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁self - mot iv ated . ▁In ▁fact ▁it ▁is ▁more ▁fasc in ating , ▁stim ulating ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁good ▁learning ▁methods ▁because ▁it ▁is ▁more ▁flexible ▁and ▁interesting ▁to ▁students . ▁ ▁They ▁enjoy ▁this ▁environment ▁of ▁learning ▁for ▁it ▁is ▁less ▁threaten ing ▁and ▁they ▁can ▁learn ▁independently . ▁All ▁these ▁aspects ▁make ▁students ▁more ▁self - mot iv ated ▁and ▁they ▁purs ue ▁learning ▁even ▁after ▁they ▁leave ▁the ▁school ▁or ▁college . ▁ ▁En rich es ▁the ▁teacher - student ▁relationship ▁▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁students ▁are ▁self - mot iv ated , ▁good ▁team work , ▁self - direct ed ▁learning ▁etc . ▁the ▁teachers ▁who ▁have ▁worked ▁in ▁both ▁traditional ▁and ▁project ▁based ▁learning ▁formats ▁prefer ▁project ▁based ▁learning . ▁They ▁also ▁feel ▁that ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁is ▁more ▁n urt uring , ▁ ▁significant ▁curr icul um ▁and ▁benef icial ▁to ▁the ▁cogn itive ▁growth ▁of ▁the ▁student . ▁ ▁High er ▁level ▁of ▁learning ▁▁ ▁The ▁P BL ▁students ▁score ▁higher ▁than ▁the ▁students ▁in ▁traditional ▁courses ▁because ▁of ▁their ▁learning ▁compet encies , ▁problem ▁solving , ▁self - ass ess ment ▁techniques , ▁data ▁gather ing , ▁behavior al ▁science ▁etc . ▁It ▁is ▁because ▁they ▁are ▁better ▁at ▁activ ating ▁prior ▁knowledge , ▁and ▁they ▁learn ▁in ▁a ▁context ▁res emb ling ▁their ▁future ▁context ▁and ▁elaborate ▁more ▁on ▁the |
▁information ▁presented ▁which ▁helps ▁in ▁better ▁understanding ▁and ▁ret ention ▁of ▁knowledge . ▁In ▁medical ▁education , ▁P BL ▁cases ▁can ▁incorpor ate ▁dialog ue ▁between ▁patients ▁and ▁phys icians , ▁demonstrate ▁the ▁narr ative ▁character ▁of ▁the ▁medical ▁encounter , ▁and ▁examine ▁the ▁political ▁economic ▁contrib utors ▁to ▁disease ▁production . ▁P BL ▁can ▁serve ▁as ▁a ▁platform ▁for ▁a ▁disc ursive ▁practices ▁approach ▁to ▁culture ▁that ▁emphas izes ▁the ▁emer gent , ▁particip ant - construct ed ▁qual ities ▁of ▁social ▁phen omena ▁while ▁also ▁acknowled ging ▁large - scale ▁social ▁forces . ▁ ▁Dis adv antages ▁According ▁to ▁Wood ▁( 2 0 0 3 ), ▁the ▁major ▁dis adv antage ▁to ▁this ▁process ▁involves ▁the ▁util ization ▁of ▁resources ▁and ▁t utor ▁facil itation . ▁It ▁requires ▁more ▁staff ▁to ▁take ▁an ▁active ▁role ▁in ▁facil itation ▁and ▁group - led ▁discussion ▁and ▁some ▁educ ators ▁find ▁P BL ▁facil itation ▁difficult ▁and ▁fr ustr ating . ▁It ▁is ▁resource - int ensive ▁because ▁it ▁requires ▁more ▁physical ▁space ▁and ▁more ▁accessible ▁computer ▁resources ▁to ▁accommod ate ▁simultane ous ▁smaller ▁group - learning . ▁Stud ents ▁also ▁report ▁uncertainty ▁with ▁information ▁over load ▁and ▁are ▁unable ▁to ▁determine ▁how ▁much ▁study ▁is ▁required ▁and ▁the ▁relev ance ▁of ▁information ▁available . ▁Stud ents ▁may ▁not ▁have ▁access ▁to ▁teachers ▁who ▁serve ▁as ▁the ▁inspir ational ▁role ▁models ▁that ▁traditional ▁curr icul um ▁offers . ▁ ▁Time - consum ing ▁▁ ▁Although ▁students ▁generally ▁like ▁and ▁gain ▁greater ▁ability ▁to ▁solve |
▁real - life ▁problems ▁in ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁courses , ▁instruct ors ▁of ▁the ▁method ology ▁must ▁often ▁invest ▁more ▁time ▁to ▁assess ▁student ▁learning ▁and ▁prepare ▁course ▁materials , ▁as ▁compared ▁to ▁L BL ▁instruct ors . ▁Part ▁of ▁this ▁fr ustration ▁also ▁st ems ▁from ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁time ▁dedicated ▁to ▁present ing ▁new ▁research ▁and ▁individual ▁student ▁find ings ▁regarding ▁each ▁specific ▁topic , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁dis organ ised ▁nature ▁of ▁brain - st orm ing ▁ ▁Trad itional ▁assumptions ▁of ▁the ▁students ▁▁ ▁The ▁problem ▁of ▁the ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁is ▁the ▁traditional ▁assumptions ▁of ▁the ▁students . ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁students ▁might ▁have ▁spent ▁their ▁previous ▁years ▁of ▁education ▁assuming ▁their ▁teacher ▁as ▁the ▁main ▁dis sem in ator ▁of ▁knowledge . ▁Because ▁of ▁this ▁understanding ▁towards ▁the ▁subject ▁matter ▁students ▁may ▁lack ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁simply ▁wonder ▁about ▁something ▁in ▁the ▁initial ▁years ▁of ▁problem - based ▁learning . ▁ ▁Ro le ▁of ▁the ▁instruct or ▁▁ ▁The ▁instruct ors ▁have ▁to ▁change ▁their ▁traditional ▁teaching ▁method ologies ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁incorpor ate ▁problem - based ▁learning . ▁Their ▁task ▁is ▁to ▁question ▁students ' ▁knowledge , ▁belief s , ▁give ▁only ▁hints ▁to ▁correct ▁their ▁mistakes ▁and ▁guide ▁the ▁students ▁in ▁their ▁research . ▁All ▁these ▁features ▁of ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁may ▁be ▁foreign ▁to ▁some ▁instruct ors ; ▁hence ▁they ▁find ▁it ▁difficult ▁to ▁alter ▁their ▁past ▁hab its . ▁ ▁P up il ' s ▁evaluation ▁▁ ▁The ▁instruct |
ors ▁have ▁to ▁adapt ▁new ▁assess ment ▁methods ▁to ▁evaluate ▁the ▁pup ils ' ▁achiev ement . ▁ ▁They ▁have ▁to ▁incorpor ate ▁written ▁exam in ations ▁with ▁modified ▁ess ay ▁questions , ▁practical ▁exam in ations , ▁peer ▁and ▁self ▁assess ments ▁etc . ▁Problem - based ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁considered ▁slightly ▁more ▁fav ou rable ▁to ▁female ▁participants , ▁whilst ▁having ▁equ iv ocal ▁impact s ▁on ▁their ▁male ▁counter parts ▁when ▁compared ▁to ▁lecture ▁based ▁learning . ▁ ▁C ogn itive ▁load ▁Sw eller ▁and ▁others ▁published ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁studies ▁over ▁the ▁past ▁twenty ▁years ▁that ▁is ▁relevant ▁to ▁problem - based ▁learning , ▁concerning ▁cogn itive ▁load ▁and ▁what ▁they ▁describe ▁as ▁the ▁guidance - f ading ▁effect . ▁Sw eller ▁et ▁al . ▁conducted ▁several ▁class room - based ▁studies ▁with ▁students ▁studying ▁algebra ▁problems . ▁ ▁These ▁studies ▁have ▁shown ▁that ▁active ▁problem ▁solving ▁early ▁in ▁the ▁learning ▁process ▁is ▁a ▁less ▁effective ▁instruction al ▁strategy ▁than ▁studying ▁worked ▁examples ▁( Sw eller ▁and ▁Cooper , ▁ 1 9 8 5 ; ▁Cooper ▁and ▁Sw eller , ▁ 1 9 8 7 ). ▁C ertain ly ▁active ▁problem ▁solving ▁is ▁useful ▁as ▁learn ers ▁become ▁more ▁compet ent , ▁and ▁better ▁able ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁their ▁working ▁memory ▁limitations . ▁But ▁early ▁in ▁the ▁learning ▁process , ▁learn ers ▁may ▁find ▁it ▁difficult ▁to ▁process ▁a ▁large ▁amount ▁of ▁information ▁in ▁a ▁short ▁time . ▁Thus ▁the ▁rig ors ▁of ▁active ▁problem ▁solving ▁may ▁become ▁an |
▁issue ▁for ▁nov ices . ▁ ▁Once ▁learn ers ▁gain ▁expert ise ▁the ▁sc aff old ing ▁inher ent ▁in ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁helps ▁learn ers ▁avoid ▁these ▁issues . ▁ ▁These ▁studies ▁were ▁conducted ▁largely ▁based ▁on ▁individual ▁problem ▁solving ▁of ▁well - defined ▁problems . ▁ ▁Sw eller ▁( 1 9 8 8 ) ▁proposed ▁cogn itive ▁load ▁theory ▁to ▁explain ▁how ▁nov ices ▁react ▁to ▁problem ▁solving ▁during ▁the ▁early ▁stages ▁of ▁learning . ▁Sw eller , ▁et ▁al . ▁suggests ▁a ▁worked ▁example ▁early , ▁and ▁then ▁a ▁grad ual ▁introduction ▁of ▁problems ▁to ▁be ▁solved . ▁They ▁propose ▁other ▁forms ▁of ▁learning ▁early ▁in ▁the ▁learning ▁process ▁( work ed ▁example , ▁goal ▁free ▁problems , ▁etc . ); ▁to ▁later ▁be ▁replaced ▁by ▁complet ions ▁problems , ▁with ▁the ▁event ual ▁goal ▁of ▁solving ▁problems ▁on ▁their ▁own . ▁This ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁becomes ▁very ▁useful ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁learning ▁process . ▁ ▁Many ▁forms ▁of ▁sc aff old ing ▁have ▁been ▁implemented ▁in ▁problem - based ▁learning ▁to ▁reduce ▁the ▁cogn itive ▁load ▁of ▁learn ers . ▁These ▁are ▁most ▁useful ▁to ▁enable ▁decre asing ▁(" f ading ") ▁the ▁amount ▁of ▁guidance ▁during ▁problem ▁solving . ▁A ▁grad ual ▁f ading ▁of ▁guidance ▁helps ▁learn ers ▁to ▁slowly ▁trans it ▁from ▁studying ▁examples ▁to ▁solving ▁problems . ▁ ▁In ▁this ▁case ▁backwards ▁f ading ▁was ▁found ▁to ▁be ▁quite ▁effective ▁and ▁assist ing ▁in ▁decre asing ▁the ▁cogn itive ▁load ▁on ▁learn ers |
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