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. ▁She ▁added ▁a ▁cod ic il ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁direct ing ▁that ▁a ▁school ▁building ▁be ▁constructed ▁on ▁the ▁grounds ▁of ▁the ▁Washington ▁National ▁C athedral ▁property ▁and ▁asked ▁that ▁it ▁be ▁called ▁the ▁Lane - John ston ▁Building ▁" to ▁the ▁end ▁that ▁the ▁family ▁names ▁of ▁my ▁husband ▁and ▁myself ▁may ▁be ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁be quest ▁made ▁in ▁lov ing ▁memory ▁of ▁our ▁sons ." ▁A ▁cod ic il ▁of ▁ 1 9 0 3 ▁increased ▁her ▁gift ▁by ▁one ▁third ▁but ▁said ▁that ▁only ▁half ▁the ▁total ▁was ▁to ▁be ▁spent ▁on ▁the ▁building . ▁The ▁remainder ▁was ▁" spe cially ▁to ▁provide ▁for ▁the ▁free ▁maintenance , ▁education ▁and ▁training ▁of ▁cho ir bo ys , ▁primarily ▁those ▁in ▁service ▁of ▁the ▁C athedral ." ▁This ▁be quest ▁founded ▁the ▁pr estig ious ▁boys ' ▁school ▁that ▁today ▁is ▁called ▁St . Al b ans ▁School , ▁which ▁opened ▁in ▁October 1 9 0 9 . ▁▁▁ ▁At ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁John ston ' s ▁fun eral , ▁services ▁were ▁conducted ▁by ▁Bishop ▁S atter lee ▁and ▁Can on ▁De V ries ▁of ▁the ▁Washington ▁National ▁C athedral . ▁She ▁was ▁buried ▁in ▁Green ▁Mount ▁C emetery , ▁Baltimore , ▁Maryland , ▁her ▁grave ▁marked ▁with ▁a ▁C elt ic ▁cross ▁like ▁the ▁Peace ▁Cross ▁on ▁the ▁c athedral ▁close . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 5 , ▁guests ▁were ▁invited ▁to ▁see ▁the ▁corner stone ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁St . |
Al b ans ▁School ▁building , ▁laid ▁for ▁what ▁the ▁inv itation ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁" The ▁Lane ▁John ston ▁Ch oir ▁School ▁for ▁Boys ▁of ▁the ▁Washington ▁C athedral ". ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁Lane ▁left ▁be quest s ▁in ▁her ▁will ▁that ▁established ▁a ▁child r ens ' ▁hospital ▁and ▁a ▁boys ' ▁school , ▁and ▁she ▁don ated ▁her ▁collection ▁of ▁art work ▁to ▁the ▁Smith son ian . ▁Several ▁Navy ▁and ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁ships ▁have ▁been ▁named ▁in ▁her ▁honor . ▁ ▁Her ▁birth place , ▁the ▁Lane ▁House , ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁ ▁Hospital ▁and ▁school ▁She ▁dedicated ▁$ 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁() ▁to ▁establish ▁the ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁Home ▁for ▁Invalid ▁Children ▁at ▁the ▁Joh ns ▁Hop kins ▁Hospital ▁in ▁Baltimore , ▁Maryland ▁as ▁a ▁mem orial ▁to ▁two ▁sons ▁who ▁had ▁died ▁in ▁child hood . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁the ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁Home ▁officially ▁opened . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁children ’ s ▁clin ic ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁that ▁was ▁associated ▁with ▁a ▁medical ▁school . ▁Event ually ▁tre ating ▁over ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 children ▁a ▁year , ▁the ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁Home ▁became ▁a ▁pione er ▁treatment , ▁teaching , ▁and ▁research ▁clin ic . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁Helen ▁T auss ig , ▁who |
▁helped ▁to ▁develop ▁the ▁blue ▁baby ▁operation , ▁head ed ▁the ▁ped iat ric ▁card iac ▁clin ic . ▁Child ▁psych iat rist ▁Leo ▁K anner ▁did ▁studies ▁of ▁aut istic ▁children . ▁Law son ▁Wil kins ▁established ▁an ▁end ocr ine ▁clin ic ▁that ▁developed ▁procedures ▁used ▁univers ally ▁to ▁treat ▁children ▁with ▁certain ▁g land ular ▁dis orders , ▁including ▁d war f ism . ▁John ▁E . ▁B ord ley ▁and ▁William ▁G . ▁Hard y ▁broke ▁ground ▁in ▁detect ing ▁hearing ▁imp air ments ▁in ▁very ▁young ▁children . ▁It ▁became ▁a ▁ren owned ▁ped iat ric ▁facility ; ▁the ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁Out pat ient ▁C lin ics ▁serve ▁thousands ▁of ▁children ▁today , ▁and ▁the ▁widely ▁used ▁manual ▁for ▁ped iat ric ▁house ▁officers , ▁The ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁Hand book , ▁be ars ▁her ▁name . ▁ ▁The ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁Out pat ient ▁C lin ics ▁continue ▁to ▁operate ▁in ▁countries ▁throughout ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁The ▁ped iat ric ▁medicine ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁Hand book ▁series ▁continues ▁in ▁print ▁and ▁online , ▁with ▁multiple ▁titles . ▁The ▁original ▁title ▁( sub t itled ▁A ▁Man ual ▁for ▁Ped iat ric ▁House ▁Offic ers ) ▁is ▁in ▁its ▁ 1 9 th ed ition , ▁published ▁by ▁Mos by . ▁ ▁Art ▁collection ▁She ▁had ▁an ▁art ▁collection ▁based ▁on ▁European ▁works ▁which ▁she ▁left ▁to ▁the ▁US ▁government . ▁The ▁Smith son ian ▁Institution ▁called ▁her ▁the ▁" First |
▁Lady ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Collection ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts " ▁after ▁her ▁collection ▁was ▁accepted ▁into ▁public ▁ownership . ▁ ▁Names ake ▁ships ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁has ▁had ▁three ▁cut ters ▁named ▁in ▁her ▁honor . ▁The ▁first ▁was ▁the ▁US RC ▁Har ri et ▁Lane , ▁commission ed ▁into ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Re venue ▁C utter ▁Service ▁( pre de cess or ▁of ▁the ▁US CG ) ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 7 . ▁This ▁cut ter ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁War . ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁cut ter ▁named ▁for ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 2 5 foot ▁US C GC ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁( W SC - 1 4 1 ), ▁commission ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁and ▁de comm ission ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁third ▁cut ter ▁named ▁for ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁is ▁the ▁US C GC ▁Har ri et ▁Lane ▁( W ME C - 9 0 3 ). ▁The ▁cut ter ▁was ▁commission ed ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁and ▁, ▁is ▁still ▁in ▁active ▁service . ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁( M s . John ston ▁is ▁a ▁character ▁in ▁Up di ke ’ s ▁play ▁about ▁President ▁Buch an an .) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 3 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 0 |
3 ▁death s ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁American ▁women ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁women ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁American ▁Epis cop ali ans ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁Epis cop ali ans ▁Category : Act ing ▁First ▁Lad ies ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : American ▁ad op te es ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁Green ▁Mount ▁C emetery ▁Category : Ge or get own ▁Vis itation ▁Pre par atory ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : History ▁of ▁the ▁District ▁of ▁Columbia ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Franklin ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁Category : B uch an an ▁family <0x0A> </s> ▁G itan j ana ▁G una ward ena ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁Sri ▁L ank an ▁politician , ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁and ▁a ▁government ▁minister . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁political ▁families ▁in ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ri ▁L ank an ▁Buddh ists ▁Category : M ah aj ana ▁E ks ath ▁Per am una ▁polit icians ▁Category : Un ited ▁People ' s ▁Fre edom ▁Alliance ▁polit icians ▁Category : 1 9 5 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁ 9 th ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁Category : M embers |
▁of ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁Category : De put y ▁speak ers ▁and ▁chair men ▁of ▁comm itte es ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Sri ▁L anka <0x0A> </s> ▁Georg ▁Sch enk ▁von ▁L imp urg ▁( 1 4 7 0 – 1 5 2 2 ) ▁was ▁the ▁Prince - B ishop ▁of ▁B am berg ▁from ▁ 1 5 0 5 ▁to ▁ 1 5 2 2 . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁Georg ▁Sch enk ▁von ▁L imp urg ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁O bers ont heim ▁in ▁ 1 4 7 0 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁elected ▁Prince - B ishop ▁of ▁B am berg ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁February ▁ 1 5 0 5 , ▁with ▁Pope ▁Julius ▁II ▁confirm ing ▁his ▁appointment ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁April ▁ 1 5 0 5 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁consec r ated ▁as ▁a ▁bishop ▁by ▁Kas par ▁Pre iel , ▁auxili ary ▁bishop ▁of ▁B am berg , ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁October ▁ 1 5 0 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 5 0 7 , ▁he ▁appointed ▁Johann ▁of ▁Schwar zen berg ▁to ▁reform ▁the ▁law ▁of ▁B am berg ; ▁Johann ▁of ▁Schwar zen berg ▁draft ed ▁the ▁H als ger ichts ordnung ▁( Pro cedure ▁for ▁the ▁judgment ▁of ▁capital ▁cr imes ) ▁of ▁B am berg ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁B am berg ensis ), ▁which ▁would ▁later ▁form ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁the ▁Const itut io ▁C riminal is ▁Carolina ▁( |
1 5 3 0 – 3 2 ). ▁ ▁Sch enk ▁von ▁L imp urg ▁was ▁a ▁trust ed ▁advis er ▁of ▁Maxim ilian ▁I , ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Emperor , ▁particularly ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 5 1 8 ▁Imperial ▁Diet ▁held ▁in ▁A ugs burg , ▁where ▁the ▁major ▁topic ▁of ▁discussion ▁was ▁Martin ▁Luther . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Al ten burg , ▁B am berg , ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁May ▁ 1 5 2 2 . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁buried ▁in ▁B am berg ▁C athedral , ▁with ▁a ▁fun er ary ▁monument ▁by ▁Lo y ▁Her ing . ▁ ▁Cultural ▁Dep ict ions ▁ ▁Georg ▁Sch enk ▁von ▁L imp urg ▁is ▁the ▁Bishop ▁of ▁B am berg ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁character ▁in ▁Johann ▁Wolfgang ▁von ▁Go ethe ' s ▁play ▁G öt z ▁von ▁Ber lich ingen ▁( 1 7 7 3 ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 4 7 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 5 2 2 ▁death s ▁Category : Pr ince - B ish ops ▁of ▁B am berg <0x0A> </s> ▁South ▁Ath ens ▁() ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁regional ▁units ▁of ▁Greece . ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁region ▁of ▁Att ica . ▁The ▁regional ▁unit ▁covers ▁the ▁south - central ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ag gl omer ation ▁of ▁Ath ens . ▁ ▁Administration ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Kal lik rat is ▁government ▁reform , ▁the ▁regional ▁unit ▁South ▁Ath ens ▁was ▁created ▁out ▁of |
▁part ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁Ath ens ▁Pref ect ure . ▁It ▁is ▁sub div ided ▁into ▁ 8 ▁municipal ities . ▁These ▁are ▁( number ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁map ▁in ▁the ▁inf obox ): ▁ ▁Ag ios ▁Dim it rios ▁( 4 ) ▁Al imos ▁( 7 ) ▁Ell in iko - Ar gy r oup oli ▁( 1 4 ) ▁G ly f ada ▁( 1 2 ) ▁K all it he a ▁( 2 0 ) ▁Mos ch ato - T av ros ▁( 2 4 ) ▁Ne a ▁S my r ni ▁( 2 6 ) ▁Pala io ▁F ali ro ▁( 2 7 ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁settlement s ▁in ▁Att ica ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Reg ional ▁units ▁of ▁Att ica ▁Category : Reg ional ▁units ▁of ▁Greece ▁Category : 2 0 1 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Greece <0x0A> </s> ▁Ruth ▁K arr ▁McK ee ▁( M arch ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 8 7 4 ▁– ▁ 1 9 5 1 ) ▁was ▁for ▁several ▁years ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Reg ents , ▁University ▁of ▁Washington . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁and ▁education ▁Ruth ▁K arr ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Ho qu iam , ▁Washington , ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 8 7 4 , ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁James ▁K arr ▁and ▁Ab ig ail ▁B out well ▁Walker ▁( b . ▁ 1 8 4 0 ), ▁and ▁grand d augh ter ▁of ▁Pres by ter ian ▁mission aries |
▁Mary ▁Richard son ▁( 1 8 1 1 - 1 8 9 7 ) ▁and ▁El kan ah ▁Walker ▁( 1 8 0 5 - 1 8 7 7 ). ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁she ▁obtained ▁a ▁B . ▁A . ▁and ▁an ▁M . ▁A . ▁from ▁University ▁of ▁Washington . ▁She ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁sor or ities ▁Ph i ▁B eta ▁K appa , ▁Pi ▁L ambda ▁Th eta , ▁Ph i ▁S igma ▁G amma . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Washington ▁State ▁Feder ar ion ▁of ▁Women ' s ▁Club s ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 5 . ▁She ▁was ▁Director ▁of ▁the ▁General ▁Federation ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 6 . ▁She ▁was ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁Council ▁of ▁Def ense ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 9 . ▁She ▁was ▁Member ▁of ▁Board ▁of ▁Reg ents ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Washington ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 6 , ▁and ▁president ▁of ▁Board ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 3 . ▁▁ ▁She ▁was ▁also ▁member ▁of : ▁American ▁Association ▁of ▁University ▁Women , ▁Round ▁Robin ▁Club , ▁Long view ▁Community ▁Service ▁Club , ▁Mary ▁Richard son ▁Walker ▁Chapter , ▁D augh ter ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Revolution , ▁American ▁Academy ▁of ▁Political ▁and ▁Social ▁Science , ▁National ▁Econom ic ▁League . ▁▁ ▁She ▁married ▁James ▁S . ▁McK ee , ▁Hon ol ulu , ▁on |
▁May ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 0 2 , ▁and ▁lived ▁at ▁Long view , ▁Washington . ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁Mary ▁Richard son ▁Walker : ▁Her ▁Book ▁( 1 9 4 5 ). ▁The ▁Walk ers ▁were ▁one ▁of ▁six ▁cou ples ▁sent ▁by ▁the ▁American ▁Board ▁of ▁Commission ers ▁for ▁Foreign ▁Miss ions ▁to ▁the ▁Oregon ▁Mission . ▁The ▁Walk ers ▁and ▁the ▁E ells ▁established ▁the ▁mission ▁at ▁T sh im ak ain , ▁near ▁the ▁present ▁day ▁town ▁of ▁Ford , ▁Washington , ▁to ▁work ▁with ▁the ▁Sp ok ane ▁Indians . ▁The ▁Walk ers ▁later ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Will am ette ▁Valley ▁of ▁Oregon . ▁ ▁She ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁Ruth ▁K arr ▁McK ee ▁Pap ers ▁ 1 9 4 1 - 1 9 4 3 ▁are ▁hosted ▁at ▁the ▁Man us cript s , ▁Archives , ▁and ▁Special ▁Col lections ▁division ▁of ▁the ▁Washington ▁State ▁University ▁L ibr aries . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 5 1 ▁death s ▁Category : American ▁women ▁educ ators ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Long view , ▁Washington <0x0A> </s> ▁Cos m opter ix ▁comp lic ata ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁Cos m opter ig idae . ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁from ▁Th ailand . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁comp lic ata <0x0A> </s> ▁Im ri ▁or ▁Im ry ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Heb rew ▁Bible ▁ |
▁A ▁man ▁named ▁" Z ak kur ▁son ▁of ▁Im ri ", ▁see ▁List ▁of ▁minor ▁Old ▁Testament ▁figures , ▁A – K # Im ri ▁ ▁An ▁ancest or ▁of ▁a ▁man ▁named ▁U th ai , ▁see ▁List ▁of ▁minor ▁Old ▁Testament ▁figures , ▁A – K # Im ri ▁ ▁Other ▁ ▁Im ri ▁Gan iel ▁( born ▁ 1 9 9 2 ), ▁Isra eli ▁sw immer ▁Im ri ▁Kal mann ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 6 ), ▁Isra eli ▁social ▁activ ist ▁and ▁former ▁co - ch air person ▁of ▁the ▁Isra eli ▁L GB T ▁Association ▁Im ri ▁Z iv , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁IM RI , ▁Isra eli ▁singer ▁and ▁voice ▁actor . ▁After ▁winning ▁Ha K ok hav ▁Ha B a , ▁he ▁represented ▁Israel ▁in ▁the ▁Euro vision ▁Song ▁Cont est ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁in ▁K iev ▁Y ose ph ▁Im ry ▁( 1 9 3 9 – 2 0 1 8 ), ▁Isra eli ▁phys ic ist ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁I MR IS <0x0A> </s> ▁Dak ota ▁Mort on ▁( born ▁June ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁in ▁Canada ) ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁World ' s ▁Young est ▁Radio ▁Host . ▁He ▁created ▁the ▁record ▁and ▁set ▁it ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 0 ▁years , ▁ 2 1 8 ▁days . ▁The ▁record ▁was ▁awarded ▁while ▁Dak ota ▁was ▁hosting ▁his |
▁radio ▁show ▁at ▁C J AV ▁radio ▁in ▁Port ▁Al ber ni . ▁ ▁Josh ▁Ag new ▁from ▁Australia ▁now ▁holds ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁the ▁young est ▁radio ▁host , ▁present ing ▁on ▁P ulse ▁FM ▁King borough ▁and ▁Hu on . ▁Josh ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁general ▁manager ▁of ▁the ▁station . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁radio ▁personal ities ▁Category : 1 9 8 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁imag inary ▁( or ▁social ▁imag inary ) ▁is ▁the ▁set ▁of ▁values , ▁institutions , ▁laws , ▁and ▁symbols ▁common ▁to ▁a ▁particular ▁social ▁group ▁and ▁the ▁corresponding ▁society ▁through ▁which ▁people ▁imagine ▁their ▁social ▁whole . ▁The ▁concept ▁of ▁the ▁imag inary ▁has ▁attract ed ▁attention ▁in ▁anth rop ology , ▁soci ology , ▁philosophy , ▁and ▁media ▁studies . ▁ ▁De fin itions ▁ ▁For ▁John ▁Thompson , ▁the ▁social ▁imag inary ▁is ▁" the ▁cre ative ▁and ▁symbol ic ▁dimension ▁of ▁the ▁social ▁world , ▁the ▁dimension ▁through ▁which ▁human ▁be ings ▁create ▁their ▁ways ▁of ▁living ▁together ▁and ▁their ▁ways ▁of ▁representing ▁their ▁collect ive ▁life ". ▁ ▁For ▁Man fred ▁Ste ger ▁and ▁Paul ▁James ▁" im agin aries ▁are ▁pattern ed ▁conv oc ations ▁of ▁the ▁social ▁whole . ▁These ▁deep - se ated ▁modes ▁of ▁understanding ▁provide ▁largely ▁pre - ref lex ive ▁parameters ▁within ▁which ▁people ▁imagine ▁their ▁social ▁existence — ex pressed , ▁for ▁example , ▁in ▁conception s ▁of ▁' the ▁global ,' |
▁' the ▁national ,' ▁' the ▁moral ▁order ▁of ▁our ▁time .' " ▁ ▁Cast ori ad is ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁Corn el ius ▁Cast ori ad is ▁used ▁the ▁term ▁in ▁his ▁book ▁The ▁Im ag inary ▁Institution ▁of ▁Society , ▁maintain ing ▁that ▁' the ▁imag inary ▁of ▁the ▁society ▁... ▁creates ▁for ▁each ▁historical ▁period ▁its ▁singular ▁way ▁of ▁living , ▁seeing ▁and ▁making ▁its ▁own ▁existence '. ▁For ▁Cast ori ad is , ▁' the ▁central ▁imag inary ▁signific ations ▁of ▁a ▁society ▁... ▁are ▁the ▁la ces ▁which ▁tie ▁a ▁society ▁together ▁and ▁the ▁forms ▁which ▁define ▁what , ▁for ▁a ▁given ▁society , ▁is ▁" real " '. ▁ ▁In ▁similar ▁fashion , ▁Hab erm as ▁wrote ▁of ▁' the ▁massive ▁background ▁of ▁an ▁inter subject ively ▁shared ▁lif ew orld ▁... ▁lif ew orld ▁context s ▁that ▁provided ▁the ▁backing ▁of ▁a ▁massive ▁background ▁cons ensus '. ▁ ▁Lac an ▁" The ▁imag inary ▁is ▁presented ▁by ▁Lac an ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁intersect ing ▁orders ▁that ▁structure ▁all ▁human ▁existence , ▁the ▁others ▁being ▁the ▁symbol ic ▁and ▁the ▁real ". ▁Lac an ▁was ▁respond ing ▁to ▁" L ' Im ag inaire , ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁the ▁' phen omen ological ▁psych ology ▁of ▁the ▁imagination ' ▁published ▁by ▁S art re ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁where ▁it ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁image ▁as ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁conscious ness ". ▁Lac an ▁also ▁drew ▁on |
▁the ▁way ▁" M el anie ▁Klein ▁push es ▁back ▁the ▁limits ▁within ▁which ▁we ▁can ▁see ▁the ▁subject ive ▁function ▁of ▁identification ▁operate ", ▁in ▁her ▁work ▁on ▁ph ant asy — something ▁extended ▁by ▁her ▁follow ers ▁to ▁the ▁analysis ▁of ▁how ▁" we ▁are ▁all ▁pr one ▁to ▁be ▁drawn ▁into ▁social ▁ph ant asy ▁systems ... the ▁experience ▁of ▁being ▁in ▁a ▁particular ▁set ▁of ▁human ▁collect iv ities ". ▁" Wh ile ▁it ▁is ▁only ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁years ▁of ▁child hood ▁that ▁human ▁be ings ▁live ▁entirely ▁in ▁the ▁Im ag inary , ▁it ▁remains ▁distinct ly ▁present ▁throughout ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁the ▁individual ". ▁ ▁The ▁imag inary ▁as ▁a ▁Lac an ian ▁term ▁refers ▁to ▁an ▁ill usion ▁and ▁fasc ination ▁with ▁an ▁image ▁of ▁the ▁body ▁as ▁coh er ent ▁unity , ▁der iving ▁from ▁the ▁dual ▁relationship ▁between ▁the ▁e go ▁and ▁the ▁spec ular ▁or ▁mirror ▁image . ▁This ▁ill usion ▁of ▁coh er ence , ▁control ▁and ▁tot ality ▁ ▁is ▁by ▁no ▁means ▁unnecessary ▁or ▁incon sequ ential . ▁" The ▁term ▁' im ag inary ' ▁is ▁obviously ▁cogn ate ▁with ▁' f ict ive ' ▁but ▁in ▁its ▁Lac an ian ▁sense ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁simply ▁syn onymous ▁with ▁fict ional ▁or ▁un real ; ▁on ▁the ▁contrary , ▁imag inary ▁ident ifications ▁can ▁have ▁very ▁real ▁effects ". ▁ ▁Taylor ▁Canadian ▁phil os opher ▁Charles ▁Taylor ▁uses ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁modern ▁social ▁imag in aries ▁to ▁explore |
▁the ▁Western ▁transition ▁from ▁the ▁hier arch ical ▁norm s ▁of ▁pre - mod ern ▁social ▁imag in aries ▁to ▁the ▁eg al itar ian , ▁horizontal , ▁direct ▁access ▁social ▁imag inary ▁of ▁modern ity . ▁He ▁sees ▁the ▁Renaissance ▁ideal ▁of ▁civ ility ▁and ▁self - f ashion ing ▁as ▁a ▁sort ▁of ▁half way ▁house ▁on ▁the ▁road ▁to ▁modern ity ▁and ▁modern ▁mor ality . ▁The ▁modern ▁social ▁imag inary ▁he ▁cons iders ▁compr ises ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁inter lock ing ▁spher es , ▁including ▁ref lex ivity ▁and ▁the ▁social ▁contract , ▁public ▁opinion ▁and ▁Hab erm as ' ▁public ▁sphere , ▁the ▁political / market ▁economy ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁force , ▁and ▁the ▁self - g overn ment ▁of ▁citizens ▁within ▁a ▁society ▁as ▁a ▁norm ative ▁ideal . ▁ ▁Taylor ▁has ▁acknowled ged ▁the ▁influence ▁of ▁Bened ict ▁Anderson ▁in ▁his ▁form ulation ▁of ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁the ▁social ▁imag inary . ▁Anderson ▁treated ▁the ▁nation ▁as ▁' an ▁imag ined ▁political ▁community ... n ation - ness , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁national ism , ▁are ▁cultural ▁artifact s ▁of ▁a ▁particular ▁kind '. ▁ ▁Ont ology ▁While ▁not ▁const itut ing ▁an ▁established ▁reality , ▁the ▁social ▁imag inary ▁is ▁never theless ▁an ▁institution ▁in ▁as ▁much ▁as ▁it ▁represents ▁the ▁system ▁of ▁mean ings ▁that ▁govern ▁a ▁given ▁social ▁structure . ▁These ▁imag in aries ▁are ▁to ▁be ▁understood ▁as ▁historical ▁construct s ▁defined ▁by ▁the ▁interactions ▁of ▁subjects ▁in ▁society . ▁In ▁that |
▁sense , ▁the ▁imag inary ▁is ▁not ▁necessarily ▁" real " ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁an ▁imag ined ▁concept ▁cont ing ent ▁on ▁the ▁imagination ▁of ▁a ▁particular ▁social ▁subject . ▁Nevertheless , ▁there ▁remains ▁some ▁debate ▁among ▁those ▁who ▁use ▁the ▁term ▁( or ▁its ▁associated ▁terms , ▁such ▁as ▁imag inaire ) ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁ont ological ▁status ▁of ▁the ▁imag inary . ▁Some , ▁such ▁as ▁Henry ▁Cor bin , ▁understand ▁the ▁imag inary ▁to ▁be ▁quite ▁real ▁indeed , ▁while ▁others ▁as cribe ▁to ▁it ▁only ▁a ▁social ▁or ▁imag ined ▁reality . ▁ ▁John ▁R . ▁S ear le ▁considered ▁the ▁ont ology ▁of ▁the ▁social ▁imag inary ▁to ▁be ▁complex , ▁but ▁that ▁in ▁practice ▁' the ▁complex ▁structure ▁of ▁social ▁reality ▁is , ▁so ▁to ▁speak , ▁weight less ▁and ▁invisible . ▁The ▁child ▁is ▁brought ▁up ▁in ▁a ▁culture ▁where ▁he ▁or ▁she ▁simply ▁takes ▁social ▁reality ▁for ▁granted .... The ▁complex ▁ont ology ▁seems ▁simple '. ▁He ▁added ▁the ▁subt le ▁distinction ▁that ▁social ▁reality ▁was ▁observer - relative , ▁and ▁so ▁would ▁' in herit ▁that ▁ont ological ▁subject ivity . ▁But ▁this ▁ont ological ▁subject ivity ▁does ▁not ▁prevent ▁claims ▁about ▁observer - relative ▁features ▁from ▁being ▁ep ist em ically ▁objective '. ▁ ▁Technology ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁George ▁E . ▁Marcus ▁edited ▁a ▁book ▁with ▁the ▁title ▁Techn os cient ific ▁Im agin aries ▁which ▁eth n ograph ically ▁expl ored ▁contemporary ▁science ▁and ▁technology . ▁A ▁collection ▁of |
▁enc oun ters ▁in ▁the ▁techn osci ences ▁by ▁a ▁collect ive ▁of ▁anth rop olog ists ▁and ▁others , ▁the ▁volume ▁aim ed ▁to ▁find ▁strateg ic ▁sites ▁of ▁change ▁in ▁contemporary ▁world s ▁that ▁no ▁longer ▁fit ▁traditional ▁ideas ▁and ▁ped agog ies ▁and ▁that ▁are ▁best ▁expl ored ▁through ▁a ▁collabor ative ▁effort ▁between ▁techn os cient ists ▁and ▁social ▁scient ists . ▁ ▁While ▁the ▁Lac an ian ▁imag inary ▁is ▁only ▁indirect ly ▁invoked , ▁the ▁inter play ▁between ▁em otion ▁and ▁reason , ▁desire , ▁the ▁symbol ic ▁order , ▁and ▁the ▁real ▁are ▁repeatedly ▁prob ed . ▁ ▁Cru cial ▁to ▁the ▁technical ▁side ▁of ▁these ▁imag in aries ▁are ▁the ▁visual , ▁statistical , ▁and ▁other ▁represent ational ▁modes ▁of ▁imag ing ▁that ▁have ▁both ▁facil itated ▁scientific ▁develop ments ▁and ▁sometimes ▁mis direct ed ▁a ▁sense ▁of ▁object ivity ▁and ▁cert itude . ▁Such ▁work ▁accepts ▁that ▁' techn ological ▁meaning ▁is ▁histor ically ▁ground ed ▁and , ▁as ▁a ▁result , ▁becomes ▁located ▁within ▁a ▁larger ▁social ▁imag inary '. ▁ ▁Media ▁imag inary ▁ ▁Several ▁media ▁sch ol ars ▁and ▁histor ians ▁have ▁analyz ed ▁the ▁imag inary ▁of ▁techn ologies ▁as ▁they ▁emer ge , ▁such ▁as ▁electric ity , ▁mobile ▁ph ones , ▁and ▁the ▁Internet . ▁ ▁Serial ▁imag inary ▁ ▁A ▁recent ▁research ▁led ▁by ▁a ▁team ▁from ▁the ▁Univers ité ▁Gren o ble ▁Al pes ▁offer ▁to ▁develop ▁the ▁concept ▁of ▁imag inary ▁and ▁understand ▁how ▁it |
▁functions ▁when ▁faced ▁with ▁serial ▁works ▁of ▁art . ▁ ▁This ▁research , ▁published ▁in ▁Im ag inaire ▁s éri el : ▁Les ▁mé can ism es ▁s éri els ▁à ▁l ' oe uv re ▁dans ▁l ' act e ▁cré atif , ▁( J on athan ▁F ru oco ▁and ▁André a ▁R ando ▁Martin ▁( Ed .), ▁Gren o ble , ▁U GA ▁Edition , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ), ▁subscri bes ▁to ▁Gilbert ▁Dur and ' s ▁Gren o ble ▁school ▁of ▁thought ▁and ▁both ▁questions ▁the ▁impact ▁of ▁serial ity ▁on ▁our ▁imag inary ▁and ▁defines ▁the ▁imag inary ▁of ▁serial ity . ▁ ▁The ▁development ▁of ▁this ▁concept ▁allows ▁a ▁better ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁close ▁link ▁between ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁condition ▁and ▁organ ize ▁ex changes ▁between ▁an ▁experience ▁and ▁its ▁representation , ▁and ▁a ▁procedure ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁rh ythm ical ▁repet ition ▁of ▁one , ▁or ▁several , ▁parad ig ms ▁in ▁a ▁determined ▁and ▁coh er ent ▁body , ▁which ▁allows ▁their ▁reprodu ction ▁and ▁inf lection ▁ 6 . ▁ ▁Serial ▁works ▁of ▁art ▁thus ▁form ▁a ▁privile ged ▁field ▁of ▁studies ▁since ▁they ▁turn ▁this ▁recursion ▁and ▁redund ancy ▁into ▁struct uring ▁principles . ▁This ▁research ▁tries ▁to ▁illustrate ▁this ▁serial ▁concept ual ization ▁of ▁the ▁imag inary ▁by ▁analyz ing ▁serial ▁literature , ▁television ▁series , ▁com ic ▁books , ▁serial ▁music ▁and ▁dance , ▁etc . ▁ ▁Arch itect ural ▁imag inary ▁ ▁Peter ▁Ol sh av sky ▁has |
▁analyz ed ▁the ▁imag inary ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁architecture . ▁Based ▁on ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁Taylor , ▁the ▁imag inary ▁is ▁understood ▁as ▁a ▁category ▁of ▁understanding ▁social ▁pra xis ▁and ▁the ▁reasons ▁design ers ▁give ▁to ▁make ▁sense ▁of ▁these ▁practices . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁And acht , ▁Fernando . ▁A ▁Sem i otic ▁Framework ▁for ▁the ▁Social ▁Im ag inary . ▁Ar is be : ▁The ▁Pe ir ce ▁Gate way , ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁F lich y , ▁Pat rice . ▁The ▁Internet ▁Im ag inaire . ▁Trans l ated ▁by ▁L iz ▁Care y - Lib bre cht . ▁Cambridge , ▁MA : ▁M IT ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁[ 2 0 0 1 ]. ▁▁▁ ▁Jas ano ff , ▁She ila , ▁and ▁Sang - Hy un ▁Kim . ▁" Cont aining ▁the ▁At om : ▁Soci ote chn ical ▁Im agin aries ▁and ▁N uc lear ▁Power ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁South ▁Korea ." ▁Min erva ▁ 4 7 , ▁no . ▁ 2 ▁( J une ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ): ▁ 1 1 9 - 1 4 6 . ▁ ▁Marcus , ▁G . E . ▁Techn os cient ific ▁Im agin aries . ▁Late ▁Ed itions ▁Vol . ▁ 2 . ▁Chicago : ▁University ▁of ▁Chicago ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁With ▁contributions ▁by ▁Liv ia ▁Pol any i , ▁Michael ▁M |
. J . ▁Fischer , ▁Mary - Jo ▁Del Vec chio ▁Good , ▁Paul ▁Rab in ow , ▁All uc qu ere ▁Ros anne ▁Stone , ▁Gary ▁Lee ▁Dow ney , ▁D iana ▁and ▁Roger ▁Hill , ▁Hugh ▁Gust erson , ▁Kim ▁L augh lin , ▁Kath ry n ▁Mil un , ▁Sh aron ▁Tra week , ▁Kath le en ▁Stewart , ▁Mario ▁Bi agi oli , ▁James ▁Hol ston , ▁G ud run ▁Klein , ▁and ▁Christopher ▁P ound . ▁ ▁Sal azar , ▁No el ▁B . ▁" En vision ing ▁E den : ▁M obil izing ▁Im agin aries ▁in ▁Tour ism ▁and ▁Bey ond ". ▁Oxford : ▁Berg h ahn ▁Books . ▁▁▁ ▁Ste ger , ▁Man fred ▁B ., ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁The ▁R ise ▁of ▁the ▁Global ▁Im ag inary : ▁Political ▁Ide ologies ▁from ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ▁to ▁the ▁Global ▁War ▁on ▁T error , ▁Oxford ▁and ▁New ▁York : ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press . ▁ ▁Stra uss , ▁Claud ia . ▁" The ▁Im ag inary ". ▁Anth rop ological ▁Theory ▁vol . ▁ 6 ▁issue , ▁ 3 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁p . 3 2 2 – 3 4 4 . ▁ ▁V ries , ▁Im ar ▁de . ▁T ant alis ingly ▁Close : ▁An ▁Arch ae ology ▁of ▁Communic ation ▁Des ires ▁in ▁Disc ourses ▁of ▁Mobile ▁W ire less ▁Media . ▁Amsterdam : ▁Amsterdam ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ |
▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : So ci ological ▁termin ology <0x0A> </s> ▁Ro ch dale ▁A . F . C ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁professional ▁association ▁football ▁club ▁based ▁in ▁Ro ch dale , ▁England . ▁The ▁club ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁and ▁currently ▁s its ▁within ▁League ▁One , ▁the ▁third ▁tier ▁of ▁English ▁football . ▁ ▁Ro ch dale ' s ▁current ▁manager ▁is ▁Brian ▁Barry - M ur phy , ▁who ▁at ▁first ▁acted ▁as ▁care t aker ▁after ▁the ▁firing ▁of ▁Keith ▁Hill . ▁Hill ▁was ▁the ▁club ' s ▁longest ▁serving ▁manager ▁over ▁two ▁sp ells , ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 6 - 2 0 1 1 , ▁and ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Jack ▁Pe art ▁has ▁the ▁longest ▁continuous ▁ten ure ▁as ▁manager , ▁serving ▁for ▁ 7 ▁years , ▁ 5 ▁months ▁and ▁ 3 0 ▁days ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s . ▁The ▁club ▁has ▁not ▁won ▁any ▁hon ours ▁outside ▁of ▁promotion ▁( in ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 4 ), ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁run ners ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 1 - 6 2 ▁Football ▁League ▁Cup . ▁ ▁Each ▁manager ' s ▁entry ▁includes ▁his ▁dates ▁of ▁ten ure ▁and ▁the ▁club ' s ▁compet itive ▁record ▁during ▁that ▁period , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁any ▁hon ours ▁achieved . ▁ ▁Key ▁Table ▁headers |
▁ ▁National ity ▁– ▁The ▁manager ' s ▁country ▁of ▁birth . ▁ ▁From ▁– ▁The ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁manager ' s ▁first ▁game ▁for ▁Ro ch dale . ▁ ▁To ▁– ▁The ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁manager ' s ▁last ▁game ▁for ▁Ro ch dale . ▁ ▁P ▁– ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁games ▁managed ▁for ▁Ro ch dale . ▁ ▁W ▁– ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁games ▁won ▁as ▁a ▁manager . ▁ ▁D ▁– ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁games ▁drawn ▁as ▁a ▁manager . ▁ ▁L ▁– ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁games ▁lost ▁as ▁a ▁manager . ▁ ▁Win % ▁– ▁The ▁total ▁winning ▁percentage ▁under ▁his ▁management . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁– ▁The ▁titles ▁won ▁while ▁man aging ▁Ro ch dale . ▁ ▁Man agers ▁ ▁References ▁http :// www . s occer base . com / te ams / team . sd ? team _ id = 2 1 7 5 & comp _ id = 3 ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Man agers ▁▁ ▁Ro ch dale <0x0A> </s> ▁G argo yle ▁Mountain ▁is ▁a ▁ ▁mountain ▁sum mit ▁located ▁in ▁Jas per ▁National ▁Park , ▁in ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Rock ies ▁of ▁Al berta , ▁Canada . ▁The ▁peak ▁is ▁situated ▁ 2 3 ▁kilometres ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁Jas per , ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁prominent ▁land mark ▁in ▁the ▁Ath ab as ca ▁Valley ▁visible ▁from ▁Highway ▁ 1 6 ▁and ▁the ▁Canadian . ▁Its ▁nearest ▁higher ▁peak ▁is ▁Cl iff ▁Mountain , ▁ ▁to ▁the ▁west . ▁G argo yle |
▁Mountain ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁by ▁Mor r ison ▁P . ▁Br id g land ▁for ▁the ▁fact ▁a ▁stream ▁heads ▁at ▁the ▁mountain , ▁like ▁a ▁g argo yle ▁or ▁sp out . ▁Br id g land ▁( 1 8 7 8 - 1 9 4 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Domin ion ▁Land ▁Survey or ▁who ▁named ▁many ▁pe aks ▁in ▁Jas per ▁Park ▁and ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Rock ies . ▁The ▁mountain ' s ▁name ▁was ▁officially ▁adopted ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁by ▁the ▁Ge ographical ▁Names ▁Board ▁of ▁Canada . ▁ ▁Cl imate ▁ ▁Based ▁on ▁the ▁Kö ppen ▁climate ▁classification , ▁G argo yle ▁Mountain ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁a ▁sub ar ctic ▁climate ▁with ▁cold , ▁snow y ▁winter s , ▁and ▁m ild ▁sum mers . ▁Tem per atures ▁can ▁drop ▁below ▁- 2 0 ▁° C ▁with ▁wind ▁ch ill ▁factors ▁ ▁below ▁- 3 0 ▁° C . ▁In ▁terms ▁of ▁favor able ▁weather , ▁June ▁through ▁September ▁are ▁the ▁best ▁months ▁to ▁clim b . ▁P reci p itation ▁run off ▁from ▁G argo yle ▁Mountain ▁flows ▁into ▁the ▁Ath ab as ca ▁River . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Mountains ▁of ▁Al berta ▁ ▁Geography ▁of ▁Al berta ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Park s ▁Canada ▁web ▁site : ▁Jas per ▁National ▁Park ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Al berta ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁Rock ies ▁Category : Mount ains ▁of ▁Jas per ▁National ▁Park |
<0x0A> </s> ▁South ▁Jersey ▁Regional ▁Airport ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁public ▁use ▁air port ▁in ▁Bur ling ton ▁County , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁United ▁States . ▁O wn ed ▁by ▁the ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Department ▁of ▁Transport ation , ▁the ▁air port ▁is ▁located ▁four ▁na ut ical ▁miles ▁( 7 ▁km ) ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁business ▁district ▁of ▁Mount ▁Hol ly , ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁This ▁facility ▁is ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Plan ▁of ▁Integr ated ▁Airport ▁Systems ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 5 , ▁which ▁categor ized ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁general ▁av iation ▁rel ie ver ▁air port . ▁ ▁Although ▁many ▁U . S . ▁air ports ▁use ▁the ▁same ▁three - letter ▁location ▁identifier ▁for ▁the ▁F AA ▁and ▁I ATA , ▁this ▁air port ▁is ▁assigned ▁V A Y ▁by ▁the ▁F AA ▁and ▁L LY ▁by ▁the ▁I ATA . ▁The ▁air port ' s ▁I CA O ▁identifier ▁is ▁K VA Y . ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁and ▁aircraft ▁ ▁South ▁Jersey ▁Regional ▁Airport ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 6 4 2 ▁acres ▁( 2 6 0 ▁ha ) ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 5 3 ▁feet ▁( 1 6 ▁m ) ▁above ▁mean ▁sea ▁level . ▁It ▁has ▁one ▁run way ▁designated ▁ 8 / 2 6 ▁with ▁an ▁as ph alt ▁surface ▁meas uring ▁ 3 , 8 8 1 ▁by ▁ 5 0 ▁feet ▁( 1 , 1 8 3 ▁x ▁ 1 5 ▁m ). ▁ ▁For |
▁the ▁ 1 2 - month ▁period ▁ending ▁August ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁air port ▁had ▁ 3 1 , 2 3 4 ▁aircraft ▁operations , ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 8 5 ▁per ▁day : ▁ 9 7 % ▁general ▁av iation ▁and ▁ 3 % ▁air ▁tax i . ▁At ▁that ▁time ▁there ▁were ▁ 9 2 ▁aircraft ▁based ▁at ▁this ▁air port : ▁ 9 2 % ▁single - engine ▁and ▁ 8 % ▁multi - engine . ▁ ▁Airlines ▁and ▁Char ters ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁air ports ▁in ▁New ▁Jersey ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁South ▁Jersey ▁Regional ▁Airport ▁( VA Y ) ▁from ▁New ▁Jersey ▁D OT ▁Airport ▁Directory ▁ ▁Aer ial ▁image ▁as ▁of ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁from ▁US GS ▁The ▁National ▁Map ▁▁▁ ▁Category : A ir ports ▁in ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : Transport ation ▁buildings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Bur ling ton ▁County , ▁New ▁Jersey <0x0A> </s> ▁Sir ▁Leonard ▁Rog ers ▁ ▁( 1 8 ▁January ▁ 1 8 6 8 ▁– ▁ 1 6 ▁September ▁ 1 9 6 2 ) ▁was ▁a ▁founder ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Society ▁of ▁Trop ical ▁Medicine ▁and ▁H yg iene , ▁and ▁its ▁President ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Rog ers ▁had ▁a ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁interests ▁in ▁tropical ▁medicine , ▁from ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁k ala - azar ▁ep ide m ics ▁to |
▁sea ▁s nake ▁ven oms , ▁but ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁pione ering ▁the ▁treatment ▁of ▁ch ol era ▁with ▁hyper ton ic ▁sal ine , ▁which ▁has ▁saved ▁a ▁mult itude ▁of ▁lives . ▁ ▁Rog ers ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁pione ers ▁in ▁setting ▁up ▁the ▁Cal cut ta ▁School ▁of ▁Trop ical ▁Medicine ▁in ▁India . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 9 , ▁Rog ers ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Camer on ▁Prize ▁for ▁Th era pe ut ics ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Edinburgh . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁session ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Science ▁Congress . ▁ ▁Works ▁Dig it ised ▁versions ▁from ▁National ▁Library ▁of ▁Scotland . ▁Ex perimental ▁investigation ▁of ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁ha em ost atic ▁and ▁other ▁dru gs ▁on ▁the ▁int ra vas cular ▁co ag ul ability ▁of ▁the ▁blood ▁( 1 8 9 5 ). ▁ 3 ▁- ▁On ▁the ▁influence ▁of ▁variations ▁of ▁the ▁ground - water ▁level ▁on ▁the ▁pre val ence ▁of ▁mal arial ▁fe vers ▁( 1 8 9 5 ). ▁Report ▁of ▁an ▁investigation ▁of ▁the ▁ep ide mic ▁of ▁mal arial ▁fe ver ▁in ▁Ass am , ▁or , ▁k ala - azar ▁( 1 8 9 7 ). ▁Resol ution ▁on ▁Dr ▁Rog ers ' ▁report ▁on ▁K ala ▁az ar ▁( 1 8 9 7 ). ▁ ▁Dig it ised ▁version ▁from ▁H ath i Tr ust ▁Digital ▁Library : ▁Fe vers ▁in ▁the ▁trop ics ▁( 1 9 0 |
8 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 2 ▁death s ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁English ▁medical ▁do ctors ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Society ▁Category : Ind ian ▁Medical ▁Service ▁officers ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁P ly mouth ▁College ▁Category : Found ers ▁of ▁Indian ▁schools ▁and ▁colleg es ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁English ▁medical ▁do ctors ▁Category : B rit ish ▁par as it olog ists ▁Category : K n ights ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁Empire ▁Category : Pres idents ▁of ▁The ▁A si atic ▁Society ▁Category : K n ights ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Star ▁of ▁India ▁Category : M anson ▁medal ▁w inners ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Hel ston <0x0A> </s> ▁Ag ar icus ▁ab rupt ib ul bus ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁m ush room ▁in ▁the ▁genus ▁Ag ar icus . ▁It ▁is ▁commonly ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁ab rupt ly - bul b ous ▁ag ar icus ▁or ▁the ▁flat - bul b ▁m ush room . ▁First ▁described ▁by ▁the ▁my colog ist ▁Charles ▁H orton ▁Pe ck , ▁this ▁bul b ous - st em med ▁ed ible ▁species ▁sm ells ▁slightly ▁of ▁an ise , ▁and ▁turns ▁yellow ▁when ▁bru ised ▁or ▁cut . ▁The ▁m ush room ▁is ▁medium - s ized , ▁with ▁a ▁white , ▁yellow - st aining ▁cap ▁on ▁a ▁sl ender |
▁st ipe ▁that ▁has ▁a ▁wide , ▁flat ▁bul b ▁on ▁the ▁base ▁ ▁Tax onomy ▁and ▁classification ▁The ▁species ▁was ▁originally ▁named ▁as ▁Ag ar icus ▁ab rupt us ▁by ▁American ▁my colog ist ▁Charles ▁H orton ▁Pe ck ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 . ▁In ▁his ▁ 1 9 0 4 ▁Report ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁Botan ist ▁publication , ▁he ▁changed ▁the ▁name ▁to ▁Ag ar icus ▁ab rupt ib ul bus . ▁He ▁explained ▁that ▁E lias ▁Magn us ▁F ries ▁had ▁earlier ▁named ▁a ▁species ▁in ▁the ▁sub gen us ▁Fl amm ula , ▁which ▁he ▁called ▁Ag ar icus ▁ab rupt us ; ▁the ▁sub gen us ▁was ▁later ▁raised ▁to ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁genus , ▁and ▁the ▁species ▁was ▁given ▁the ▁name ▁Fl amm ula ▁ab rupt us . ▁Under ▁the ▁transition ing ▁ ▁nom en cl atural ▁convent ions ▁of ▁the ▁time , ▁it ▁was ▁unclear ▁if ▁Ag ar icus ▁ab rupt us ▁would ▁remain ▁available ▁for ▁use , ▁so ▁he ▁changed ▁the ▁name . ▁ ▁Ag ar icus ▁ab rupt ib ul bus ▁belongs ▁in ▁the ▁Ar vens es ▁cla de ▁of ▁the ▁genus ▁Ag ar icus ▁( al ong ▁with ▁species ▁A . sil vic ola , ▁A . ar v ensis , ▁and ▁A . sem ot us ). ▁ ▁Some ▁American ▁authors ▁consider ▁this ▁species ▁to ▁be ▁syn onymous ▁with ▁A . sil vic ola , ▁while ▁some ▁in ▁Europe ▁have ▁syn onym ized ▁it ▁with ▁the |
▁similar ▁species ▁A . ess ette i . ▁American ▁my colog ists ▁Steve ▁Tr ud ell ▁and ▁Joseph ▁Am mir ati ▁noted ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁field ▁guide : ▁" The ▁name ▁A . ab rupt ib ul bus ▁has ▁been ▁applied ▁to ▁forms ▁with ▁bul b ous ▁st ipe ▁bases , ▁but ▁variation ▁in ▁st ipe ▁shape ▁is ▁so ▁great ▁that ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁this ▁name ▁has ▁been ▁largely ▁abandoned ." ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁The ▁cap ▁is ▁up ▁to ▁ ▁in ▁diameter , ▁convex ▁in ▁shape , ▁sometimes ▁with ▁an ▁um bo , ▁and ▁wh it ish ▁in ▁color . ▁After ▁being ▁scratch ed ▁or ▁bru ised , ▁the ▁cap ▁turns ▁yellow . ▁The ▁st ipe ▁is ▁ ▁long ▁by ▁ ▁thick ▁and ▁bul b ous . ▁A ▁large , ▁white ▁ann ular ▁ring ▁is ▁present ▁on ▁the ▁st ipe . ▁The ▁g ill ▁attachment ▁is ▁free , ▁and ▁the ▁color ▁is ▁initially ▁gray ish ▁but ▁turns ▁brown ish ▁after ▁the ▁sp ores ▁are ▁developed . ▁Spec im ens ▁sm ell ▁slightly ▁of ▁an ise . ▁The ▁sp ore ▁print ▁is ▁brown ▁to ▁pur ple - b rown . ▁Sp ores ▁are ▁elli pt ical ▁in ▁shape , ▁and ▁are ▁ 6 – 8 ▁by ▁ 4 – 5 µ m . ▁The ▁surface ▁of ▁the ▁cap ▁will ▁st ain ▁yellow ▁if ▁a ▁drop ▁of ▁dil ute ▁pot ass ium ▁hydro x ide ▁is ▁applied . ▁ ▁Similar ▁species ▁Ag ar icus ▁sil vic ola ▁is |
▁very ▁similar ▁in ▁appearance ▁and ▁also ▁grows ▁in ▁wood lands , ▁but ▁it ▁may ▁be ▁distinguished ▁by ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁an ▁ab rupt ly ▁bul b ous ▁base . ▁Ag ar icus ▁ar v ensis ▁has ▁a ▁more ▁robust ▁stat ure , ▁la cks ▁the ▁bul b ous ▁base , ▁and ▁grows ▁in ▁grass y ▁open ▁areas ▁like ▁me adows ▁and ▁fields . ▁It ▁has ▁larger ▁sp ores ▁than ▁A . ab rupt ib ul bus , ▁typically ▁ 7 . 0 – 9 . 2 ▁by ▁ 4 . 4 – 5 . 5 µ m . ▁ ▁Cad m ium ▁bio acc um ulation ▁ ▁Ag ar icus ▁ab rupt ib ul bus ▁is ▁known ▁to ▁bio acc um ulate ▁the ▁to xic ▁element ▁cad m ium — in ▁other ▁words , ▁it ▁absor bs ▁cad m ium ▁faster ▁than ▁it ▁los es ▁it — so ▁spec im ens ▁collected ▁in ▁the ▁wild ▁often ▁have ▁higher ▁concentr ations ▁of ▁this ▁element ▁than ▁the ▁soil ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁are ▁found . ▁Furthermore , ▁when ▁cultiv ated ▁in ▁the ▁labor atory , ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁cad m ium ▁in ▁the ▁culture ▁medium ▁stim ul ates ▁growth ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁in ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁ 0 . 5 m g ▁cad m ium ▁per ▁liter ▁of ▁nut ri ent ▁medium . ▁It ▁is ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁cad m ium - binding ▁ability ▁comes ▁from ▁a ▁low ▁mole cular ▁weight ▁metal - binding ▁protein ▁named ▁cad m ium |
- my c oph osph atin . ▁ ▁Distribution ▁ ▁The ▁fung us ▁has ▁been ▁reported ▁in ▁New ▁York , ▁Mississippi , ▁Quebec , ▁Canada , ▁ ▁and ▁Germany . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Ag ar icus ▁species ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Roger ' s ▁M ush rooms ▁ ▁M ush room ▁Hob by ▁ ▁M ush room ▁of ▁Quebec ▁French ▁language , ▁with ▁several ▁photograph s ▁ ▁ab rupt ib ul bus ▁Category : Ed ible ▁fung i ▁Category : F ung i ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁Category : F ung i ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : F ung i ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Charles ▁H orton ▁Pe ck <0x0A> </s> ▁H iera ci um ▁s yl v atic um , ▁wood ▁ha w k we ed ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁flow ering ▁plant ▁from ▁family ▁A ster aceae ▁that ▁have ▁many ▁lance olate ▁and ▁ov ate ▁leaves ▁with ▁b ended ▁forward ▁teeth . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁s yl v atic um <0x0A> </s> ▁Carl ▁Wilhelm ▁K ern ▁( J une ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 8 7 4 ▁– ▁August ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 4 5 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁composer , ▁pian ist , ▁the or ist , ▁and ▁editor . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Schl itz , ▁H esse - D arm stadt , ▁Germany , ▁he ▁studied ▁in ▁Europe ▁before ▁coming ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁where ▁he ▁taught ▁at ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁different |
▁locations . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁estimated ▁that ▁he ▁published ▁over ▁one ▁thousand ▁piano ▁works ; ▁he ▁also ▁wrote ▁songs , ▁works ▁for ▁cho ir , ▁oper ett as , ▁and ▁sol os ▁for ▁organ . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁St . ▁Louis , ▁Missouri ; ▁his ▁papers ▁are ▁held ▁by ▁Washington ▁University . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Pap ers ▁at ▁the ▁Gay l ord ▁Music ▁Library ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁death s ▁Category : American ▁male ▁compos ers ▁Category : American ▁compos ers ▁Category : G erman ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁G ymn ob ela ▁fre der ic q ae ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁sea ▁sn ail , ▁a ▁marine ▁g ast rop od ▁m oll usk ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁R aph it om idae . ▁ ▁Description ▁The ▁length ▁of ▁the ▁shell ▁att ains ▁ 1 0 ▁mm . ▁ ▁Distribution ▁G . ▁fre der ic q ae ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁G ulf ▁of ▁Mexico , ▁off ▁the ▁coast ▁of ▁Louisiana . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁García ▁E . F . ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Six ▁new ▁deep - water ▁m oll us can ▁species ▁( G ast rop oda : ▁Ep it oni idae , ▁Con o idea ) ▁from ▁the ▁G ulf ▁of ▁Mexico . ▁Nov ape x , ▁ 6 ( 4 ): ▁ 7 9 - 8 7 ▁▁ ▁Ros enberg , ▁G .; ▁Mor etz so |
hn , ▁F .; ▁García , ▁E . ▁F . ▁( 2 0 0 9 ). ▁Gast rop oda ▁( M oll us ca ) ▁of ▁the ▁G ulf ▁of ▁Mexico , ▁P p . ▁ 5 7 9 – 6 9 9 ▁in : ▁Fel der , ▁D . L . ▁and ▁D . K . ▁Camp ▁( eds .), ▁G ulf ▁of ▁Mexico – Or ig ins , ▁W aters , ▁and ▁Bi ota . ▁Texas ▁A & M ▁Press , ▁College ▁Station , ▁Texas ▁ ▁Gast rop ods . com : ▁G ymn ob ela ▁fre der ic q ae ▁ ▁fre der ic q ae ▁Category : G ast rop ods ▁described ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁H umber to ch lo a ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁African ▁plants ▁in ▁the ▁grass ▁family . ▁▁ ▁Species ▁ ▁H umber to ch lo a ▁b amb us ius cul a ▁A . Cam us ▁& ▁St ap f ▁- ▁Mad agas car ▁ ▁H umber to ch lo a ▁green way i ▁C . E . Hub b . ▁- ▁T anz ania ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Po aceae ▁gener a ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁Africa ▁Category : O ry zo ide ae <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Ut ah ▁Department ▁of ▁Human ▁Services ▁is ▁a ▁state ▁ag ency ▁of ▁Ut ah , ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁Salt ▁Lake ▁City . ▁It ▁provides ▁services ▁to ▁children ▁and ▁other ▁groups . ▁ ▁Div isions ▁ ▁Ut ah |
▁Division ▁of ▁Ju ven ile ▁Justice ▁Services ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Ut ah ▁Department ▁of ▁Human ▁Services ▁ ▁Human ▁services ▁Human ▁Services <0x0A> </s> ▁Lady ▁S ings ▁the ▁Blues ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁American ▁bi ographical ▁drama ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Sid ney ▁J . ▁Fur ie ▁about ▁jazz ▁singer ▁Bill ie ▁Hol iday , ▁lo os ely ▁based ▁on ▁her ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁aut obi ography ▁which , ▁in ▁turn , ▁took ▁its ▁title ▁from ▁one ▁of ▁Hol iday ' s ▁most ▁popular ▁songs . ▁It ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Mot own ▁Produ ctions ▁for ▁Param ount ▁Pictures . ▁D iana ▁Ross ▁port rayed ▁Hol iday , ▁alongside ▁a ▁cast ▁including ▁Billy ▁De e ▁Williams , ▁Richard ▁P ry or , ▁James ▁T . ▁Cal la han , ▁and ▁Sc at man ▁Cro thers . ▁ ▁Plot ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁Bill ie ▁Hol iday ▁is ▁arrested ▁on ▁a ▁dru gs ▁charge . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁flash back ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁Bill ie ▁is ▁working ▁as ▁a ▁house keeper ▁in ▁a ▁bro th el ▁in ▁Baltimore . ▁When ▁she ▁returns ▁to ▁her ▁a unt ' s ▁house , ▁she ▁is ▁home ▁alone ▁and ▁is ▁ra ped ▁by ▁a ▁man ▁that ▁followed ▁her ▁home ▁from ▁the ▁bro th el . ▁She ▁runs ▁away ▁to ▁her ▁mother , ▁who ▁sets ▁up ▁a ▁job ▁clean ing ▁for ▁another ▁bro th el ▁in ▁the ▁Har lem ▁section ▁of ▁New ▁York . |
▁The ▁bro th el ▁is ▁run ▁by ▁an ▁ar rog ant , ▁self ish ▁owner ▁who ▁pays ▁Bill ie ▁very ▁little ▁money . ▁ ▁Event ually , ▁Bill ie ▁t ires ▁of ▁scr ub bing ▁flo ors ▁and ▁becomes ▁a ▁prost itute , ▁but ▁later ▁qu its ▁and ▁returns ▁to ▁a ▁night club ▁to ▁un success fully ▁aud ition ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁show g irl . ▁After ▁" P iano ▁Man " ▁accompan ies ▁Bill ie ▁when ▁she ▁s ings ▁" All ▁of ▁Me ", ▁club ▁owner ▁Jerry ▁books ▁her ▁as ▁a ▁singer ▁in ▁the ▁show . ▁ ▁Bill ie ' s ▁debut ▁begins ▁un success fully ▁until ▁Louis ▁McK ay ▁arriv es ▁and ▁gives ▁her ▁a ▁fifty ▁doll ar ▁tip . ▁Bill ie ▁takes ▁the ▁money ▁and ▁s ings ▁" Th em ▁There ▁E yes ". ▁Bill ie ▁takes ▁a ▁lik ing ▁to ▁Louis ▁and ▁begins ▁a ▁relationship ▁with ▁him . ▁Event ually ▁she ▁is ▁discovered ▁by ▁Harry ▁and ▁Reg ▁Han ley , ▁who ▁sign ▁her ▁as ▁a ▁solo ist ▁for ▁their ▁southern ▁tour ▁in ▁hopes ▁of ▁landing ▁a ▁radio ▁network ▁gig . ▁During ▁the ▁tour , ▁Bill ie ▁witness es ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁l yn ch ing ▁of ▁an ▁African - American ▁man , ▁which ▁press es ▁her ▁to ▁record ▁the ▁controvers ial ▁song ▁" Str ange ▁F ruit ". ▁The ▁har sh ▁experiences ▁on ▁the ▁tour ▁result ▁in ▁Bill ie ▁taking ▁dru gs ▁which ▁Harry ▁supplies . ▁One ▁night ▁when ▁Bill ie ▁is ▁performing , ▁Louis ▁comes ▁to |
▁see ▁Bill ie . ▁She ▁col laps es ▁on ▁stage . ▁In ▁her ▁dress ing ▁room , ▁Louis ▁not ices ▁her ▁need le ▁marks , ▁knows ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁doing ▁dru gs , ▁and ▁tells ▁her ▁she ▁is ▁going ▁home ▁with ▁him . ▁Bill ie ▁promises ▁to ▁stay ▁off ▁the ▁dru gs ▁if ▁Louis ▁stays ▁with ▁her . ▁ ▁In ▁New ▁York , ▁Reg ▁and ▁Louis ▁ar range ▁Bill ie ' s ▁radio ▁debut , ▁but ▁the ▁station ▁does ▁not ▁call ▁her ▁to ▁sing ; ▁the ▁radio ▁spons ors , ▁a ▁soap ▁company , ▁object ▁to ▁her ▁race . ▁The ▁group ▁heads ▁to ▁Ca fe ▁Manh attan ▁to ▁d rown ▁their ▁sor rows . ▁Bill ie ▁has ▁too ▁much ▁to ▁drink ▁and ▁asks ▁Harry ▁for ▁dru gs , ▁saying ▁that ▁she ▁does ▁not ▁want ▁her ▁family ▁to ▁know ▁that ▁the ▁radio ▁show ▁ups et ▁her . ▁He ▁ref uses ▁and ▁she ▁throws ▁her ▁drink ▁in ▁his ▁face . ▁She ▁is ▁ready ▁to ▁leave , ▁but ▁Louis ▁has ▁arranged ▁for ▁her ▁to ▁sing ▁at ▁the ▁Ca fe , ▁a ▁club ▁where ▁she ▁once ▁asp ired ▁to ▁sing . ▁She ▁oblig es ▁with ▁one ▁song ▁but ▁ref uses ▁an ▁encore , ▁leaving ▁the ▁club ▁in ▁ur gent ▁need ▁of ▁a ▁fix . ▁Louis , ▁susp icious ▁that ▁Bill ie ▁has ▁broken ▁her ▁promise , ▁takes ▁her ▁back ▁to ▁his ▁home ▁but ▁ref uses ▁to ▁allow ▁her ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁bath room ▁or ▁her ▁k it . ▁She ▁f ights ▁Louis ▁for ▁it , ▁pulling ▁a |
▁raz or ▁on ▁him . ▁Louis ▁leaves ▁her ▁to ▁shoot ▁up , ▁telling ▁her ▁he ▁does ▁not ▁want ▁her ▁there ▁when ▁he ▁returns . ▁ ▁Bill ie ▁returns ▁to ▁the ▁Har lem ▁night club , ▁where ▁her ▁drug ▁use ▁intens ifies ▁until ▁she ▁he ars ▁of ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁her ▁mother . ▁Bill ie ▁checks ▁herself ▁into ▁a ▁drug ▁clin ic , ▁but ▁because ▁she ▁cannot ▁afford ▁her ▁treatment ▁the ▁hospital ▁secret ly ▁calls ▁Louis , ▁who ▁comes ▁to ▁see ▁her ▁and ▁agre es ▁to ▁pay ▁her ▁b ills ▁without ▁her ▁knowledge . ▁Im pressed ▁with ▁the ▁initi ative ▁she ▁has ▁taken ▁to ▁straight en ▁herself ▁out , ▁Louis ▁propos es ▁to ▁her ▁at ▁the ▁hospital . ▁Just ▁as ▁things ▁are ▁looking ▁up , ▁Bill ie ▁is ▁arrested ▁for ▁possession ▁of ▁n arc ot ics ▁and ▁removed ▁from ▁the ▁clin ic . ▁ ▁In ▁prison , ▁Bill ie ▁goes ▁through ▁cri pp ling ▁withdraw al . ▁Louis ▁brings ▁the ▁doctor ▁from ▁the ▁hospital ▁to ▁treat ▁her , ▁but ▁she ▁is ▁in co her ent . ▁He ▁puts ▁a ▁ring ▁on ▁her ▁finger ▁to ▁rem ind ▁her ▁of ▁his ▁promise ▁to ▁marry ▁her . ▁When ▁she ▁finish es ▁her ▁prison ▁sentence , ▁Bill ie ▁returns ▁home ▁and ▁tells ▁her ▁friends ▁that ▁she ▁does ▁not ▁want ▁to ▁sing ▁anymore . ▁Bill ie ▁mar ries ▁Louis ▁and ▁p led ges ▁not ▁to ▁continue ▁her ▁career , ▁but ▁the ▁l ure ▁of ▁performing ▁is ▁too ▁strong ▁and ▁she ▁returns ▁to ▁singing ▁with ▁Louis ▁as ▁her ▁manager . |
▁Unfortunately , ▁her ▁fel ony ▁conv iction ▁has ▁stri pped ▁her ▁of ▁her ▁Cab aret ▁Card , ▁which ▁would ▁allow ▁her ▁to ▁sing ▁in ▁NY C ▁night cl ubs . ▁To ▁restore ▁public ▁confidence ▁and ▁reg ain ▁her ▁license , ▁Bill ie ▁agre es ▁to ▁a ▁cross - country ▁tour . ▁Bill ie ' s ▁career ▁takes ▁off ▁on ▁the ▁night club ▁circuit . ▁ ▁Louis ▁leaves ▁for ▁New ▁York ▁to ▁ar range ▁a ▁com eb ack ▁performance ▁for ▁Bill ie ▁at ▁Car neg ie ▁Hall . ▁Des pond ent ▁at ▁Louis ' ▁absence ▁and ▁the ▁never - ending ▁stream ▁of ▁ven ues , ▁Bill ie ▁asks ▁P iano ▁Man ▁to ▁pa wn ▁the ▁ring ▁Louis ▁gave ▁her ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁dru gs . ▁While ▁they ▁are ▁high ▁that ▁evening , ▁P iano ▁Man ' s ▁drug ▁connections ▁arrive ; ▁he ▁neither ▁pa wn ed ▁the ▁ring ▁nor ▁paid ▁for ▁the ▁dru gs . ▁P iano ▁Man ▁is ▁killed ▁by ▁the ▁deal ers . ▁Within ▁the ▁hour , ▁Louis ▁and ▁her ▁prom oter ▁call ▁Bill ie ▁with ▁news ▁that ▁they ▁got ▁Car neg ie ▁Hall . ▁Louis ▁returns ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁very ▁frag ile ▁Bill ie ▁who ▁is ▁tra um at ized ▁and ▁has ▁fallen ▁back ▁into ▁dru gs . ▁Louis ▁takes ▁her ▁back ▁to ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁Bill ie ▁plays ▁to ▁a ▁pack ed ▁house ▁at ▁Car neg ie ▁Hall . ▁Her ▁encore , ▁" G od ▁B less ▁the ▁Child ", ▁is ▁over la id ▁with ▁newspaper ▁cli ppings ▁highlight |
ing ▁subsequent ▁events : ▁the ▁concert ▁fails ▁to ▁s way ▁the ▁Commission ▁to ▁restore ▁her ▁license ; ▁subsequent ▁appe als ▁are ▁denied ; ▁she ▁is ▁later ▁re - arr ested ▁on ▁drug ▁charges ▁and ▁finally ▁dies ▁when ▁she ▁is ▁ 4 4 . ▁Nevertheless , ▁the ▁Car neg ie ▁triumph ▁is ▁fro zen ▁in ▁time . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁D iana ▁Ross ▁as ▁Bill ie ▁Hol iday ▁ ▁Billy ▁De e ▁Williams ▁as ▁Louis ▁McK ay ▁ ▁Richard ▁P ry or ▁as ▁P iano ▁Man ▁ ▁James ▁Cal la han ▁as ▁Reg ▁Han ley ▁ ▁Paul ▁Ham pton ▁as ▁Harry ▁ ▁Sid ▁Mel ton ▁as ▁Jerry ▁ ▁Virginia ▁Cap ers ▁as ▁Sad ie ▁F agan ▁Hol iday , ▁Bill ie ' s ▁mother ▁ ▁Y v onne ▁Fair ▁as ▁Y v onne ▁ ▁Isabel ▁San ford ▁as ▁Madame ▁ ▁J ester ▁Ha irst on ▁as ▁F efe ▁ ▁Lyn n ▁Hamilton ▁as ▁A unt ▁I da ▁ ▁Victor ▁Mor os co ▁as ▁Vic ▁ ▁Robert ▁G ord y ▁as ▁The ▁Haw k ▁ ▁Harry ▁Ca esar ▁as ▁The ▁Rap ist ▁ ▁Paul ene ▁My ers ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁Ed son ▁ ▁Sc at man ▁Cro thers ▁as ▁Big ▁Ben ▁ ▁Box ▁office ▁The ▁film ▁earned ▁an ▁estimated ▁$ 9 , 0 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁North ▁American ▁rent als ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁reception ▁Vincent ▁Can by ▁of ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁described ▁Ross ▁as ▁" an ▁actress ▁of ▁exception al ▁beauty ▁and ▁wit |
, ▁who ▁is ▁very ▁much ▁involved ▁in ▁trying ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁bad ▁movie ▁work ▁... ▁her ▁only ▁apparent ▁limitations ▁are ▁those ▁im posed ▁on ▁her ▁by ▁a ▁screen play ▁and ▁direction ▁seem ingly ▁designed ▁to ▁turn ▁a ▁legit imate ▁legend ▁into ▁a ▁who pper ▁of ▁a ▁cl ich é ." ▁Vari ety ▁wrote ▁that ▁" for ▁the ▁bulk ▁of ▁general ▁aud ien ces , ▁the ▁film ▁serves ▁as ▁a ▁very ▁good ▁screen ▁debut ▁vehicle ▁for ▁D iana ▁Ross , ▁supported ▁strongly ▁by ▁excellent ▁casting , ▁hand some ▁' 3 0 s ▁physical ▁values , ▁and ▁a ▁script ▁which ▁is ▁far ▁better ▁in ▁dialog ▁than ▁structure ." ▁Roger ▁E bert ▁gave ▁the ▁film ▁three ▁stars ▁out ▁of ▁four , ▁writing ▁that ▁Ross ▁had ▁given ▁" one ▁of ▁the ▁great ▁performances ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 2 " ▁and ▁obser ving ▁that ▁the ▁film ▁" has ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁cl ich és ▁we ▁expect — but ▁do ▁we ▁really ▁mind ▁cl ich és ▁in ▁a ▁movie ▁like ▁this ? ▁I ▁don ' t ▁think ▁so ." ▁Gene ▁S isk el ▁of ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Trib une ▁also ▁awarded ▁three ▁out ▁of ▁four ▁stars , ▁writing , ▁" The ▁fact ▁that ▁' L ady ▁S ings ▁the ▁Blues ' ▁is ▁a ▁failure ▁as ▁a ▁bi ography ▁of ▁legend ary ▁jazz ▁singer ▁Bill ie ▁Hol iday ▁doesn ' t ▁mean ▁it ▁can ' t ▁be ▁an ▁entertain ing ▁movie . ▁And ▁it ▁is ▁just ▁that — ent ertain ing ▁— ▁because ▁of ▁an ▁old ▁fashion ed ▁grand ▁d |
ame ▁performance ▁by ▁D iana ▁Ross , ▁late ▁of ▁the ▁pop - rock ▁scene , ▁in ▁the ▁title ▁role ." ▁Charles ▁Cham pl in ▁of ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Times ▁wrote ▁that ▁Ross ▁gave ▁" one ▁of ▁the ▁truly ▁fine ▁screen ▁performances , ▁full ▁of ▁power ▁and ▁path os ▁and ▁enorm ously ▁eng aging ▁and ▁sympath etic ." ▁Paul ine ▁K ael ▁of ▁The ▁New ▁York er ▁wrote ▁that ▁" when ▁the ▁movie ▁was ▁over ▁I ▁wrote ▁' I ▁love ▁it ' ▁on ▁my ▁pad ▁of ▁paper ▁... ▁Fact ually ▁it ' s ▁a ▁fra ud , ▁but ▁em otion ally ▁it ▁del ivers . ▁It ▁has ▁what ▁makes ▁mov ies ▁work ▁for ▁a ▁mass ▁audience : ▁easy ▁pleasure , ▁t aw d ry ▁electric ity , ▁person ality — gre at ▁quantities ▁of ▁person ality ." ▁Tom ▁Mil ne ▁of ▁The ▁Month ly ▁Film ▁Bul letin ▁wrote ▁that ▁Ross ▁did ▁" a ▁remarkable ▁past iche ▁job ▁on ▁the ▁tone ▁and ▁tim bre ▁of ▁Bill ie ▁Hol iday ' s ▁voice , ▁[ but ] ▁miss es ▁the ▁elegant , ▁almost ▁literary ▁wit ▁of ▁her ▁phr asing ," ▁and ▁found ▁the ▁presentation ▁of ▁Hol iday ' s ▁life ▁story ▁" off ens ively ▁simpl istic ." ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁currently ▁holds ▁a ▁ 6 9 % ▁" F resh " ▁score ▁on ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes ▁based ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁reviews . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁hon ors ▁It ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁five ▁Academy ▁Awards . ▁The ▁nomin ations ▁were ▁for ▁Best ▁Act ress ▁in ▁a |
▁Le ading ▁Ro le ▁( D iana ▁Ross ), ▁Best ▁Art ▁D irection - Set ▁Dec oration ▁( Car l ▁Anderson ▁and ▁Reg ▁Allen ), ▁Best ▁Cost ume ▁Design ▁( N orm a ▁Koch ), ▁Best ▁Music , ▁Original ▁Song ▁Sc ore ▁and ▁Ada pt ation ▁( G il ▁As key ▁& ▁Michel ▁L egr and ) ▁and ▁Best ▁Writing , ▁Story ▁and ▁Screen play ▁Based ▁on ▁F actual ▁Material ▁or ▁Material ▁Not ▁Pre viously ▁Pub lished ▁or ▁Produ ced . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁also ▁screen ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁C annes ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁entered ▁into ▁the ▁main ▁competition . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁is ▁recognized ▁by ▁American ▁Film ▁Institute ▁in ▁these ▁lists : ▁▁ 2 0 0 4 : ▁A FI ' s ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Years ... 1 0 0 ▁Songs : <0x09> ▁ ▁" G od ▁B less ▁the ▁Child " ▁– ▁N omin ated ▁ ▁Sound track ▁Mot own ▁released ▁a ▁h ug ely ▁successful ▁sound track ▁double - album ▁of ▁Ross ' ▁record ings ▁of ▁Bill ie ▁Hol iday ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁film , ▁also ▁titled ▁Lady ▁S ings ▁the ▁Blues . ▁The ▁album ▁went ▁to ▁number ▁one ▁on ▁the ▁Billboard ▁Hot ▁ 2 0 0 ▁Album ▁Ch arts , ▁for ▁the ▁week - ending ▁dates ▁of ▁April ▁ 7 ▁and ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁Mis cell aneous ▁ ▁Ca fe ▁Manh attan ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁may ▁refer ▁to ▁C afé ▁Society , |
▁where ▁Hol iday ▁first ▁sang ▁" Str ange ▁F ruit ." ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁American ▁films ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 2 ▁films ▁Category : C ult ural ▁dep ict ions ▁of ▁Bill ie ▁Hol iday ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 s ▁bi ographical ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 s ▁bi ographical ▁films ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁bi ographical ▁dram as ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁bi ographical ▁films ▁Category : American ▁bi ographical ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁films ▁Category : Bi ographical ▁films ▁about ▁mus icians ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁dru gs ▁Category : J azz ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁race ▁and ▁eth nic ity ▁Category : Fil ms ▁based ▁on ▁bi ograph ies ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁Sid ney ▁J . ▁Fur ie ▁Category : M ot own ▁Produ ctions ▁films ▁Category : Param ount ▁Pictures ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Category : Fil ms ▁scored ▁by ▁Michel ▁L egr |
and <0x0A> </s> ▁Brian ▁V ander ▁Ark ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁singer - song writer ▁best ▁known ▁as ▁lead ▁singer ▁for ▁the ▁band ▁The ▁Ver ve ▁Pi pe . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁Born ▁in ▁Holland , ▁Michigan , ▁but ▁res ides ▁in ▁Grand ▁Rap ids . ▁V ander ▁Ark ▁began ▁playing ▁guitar ▁at ▁age ▁eight . ▁He ▁attended ▁Ken owa ▁Hills ▁High ▁School . ▁After ▁high ▁school , ▁Brian ▁joined ▁the ▁US ▁Army , ▁serving ▁four ▁years . ▁ ▁Music ▁After ▁release ▁from ▁the ▁army , ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁band ▁His ▁Boy ▁El roy ▁as ▁a ▁guitar ist . ▁ ▁He ▁eventually ▁quit ▁and ▁started ▁the ▁band ▁Johnny ▁with ▁an ▁E ye ▁with ▁his ▁brother , ▁Brad ▁V ander ▁Ark . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁he ▁dis band ed ▁Johnny ▁with ▁an ▁E ye ▁to ▁form ▁The ▁Ver ve ▁Pi pe ▁with ▁Brad , ▁drum mer ▁Don ny ▁Brown ▁and ▁guitar ist ▁Brian ▁St out . ▁The ▁band ▁recorded ▁two ▁independent ▁albums ▁I ' ve ▁S uffer ed ▁A ▁Head ▁In j ury ▁and ▁Pop ▁Sm ear . ▁ ▁The ▁Ver ve ▁Pi pe ' s ▁major ▁label ▁debut , ▁Villa ins , ▁featured ▁the ▁V ander ▁Ark - p enn ed ▁single ▁" The ▁F resh men ", ▁the ▁group ' s ▁highest - chart ing ▁single ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁successful ▁multi - format ▁tracks ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁" N ever ▁Let ▁You ▁Down ," ▁the ▁lead ▁single ▁from ▁the ▁band ' s ▁ |
2 0 0 1 ▁album , ▁Under ne ath , ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Top ▁ 5 0 ▁Most ▁Play ed ▁songs ▁for ▁Ad ult ▁Top ▁ 4 0 ▁and ▁Modern ▁A / C ▁radio ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁Brian ▁V ander ▁Ark ▁released ▁his ▁first ▁solo ▁album , ▁Res urre ction , ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁He ▁tou red ▁extens ively ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁album , ▁including ▁a ▁double - b ill ▁ac oust ic ▁tour ▁with ▁But ch ▁Walker . ▁ ▁V ander ▁Ark ' s ▁second ▁solo ▁release , ▁Angel , ▁Put ▁Your ▁Face ▁On , ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁self - t itled ▁third ▁record ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁produced ▁by ▁Bill ▁Sz ym czy k . ▁Bill ▁Sz ym czy k ▁then ▁produced ▁Brian ' s ▁follow up , ▁Magazine , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Brian ▁released ▁an ▁album ▁of ▁story ▁songs ▁with ▁actor / song writer , ▁Jeff ▁Daniel s . ▁ ▁Act ing ▁V ander ▁Ark ▁is ▁also ▁an ▁actor , ▁having ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁movie ▁Rock ▁Star , ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁V ander ▁Ark ▁played ▁bass ist ▁Rick i ▁Bell , ▁of ▁the ▁fict ional ▁band ▁Blood ▁Pol l ution . ▁The ▁film ▁also ▁featured ▁performances ▁by ▁mus icians ▁such ▁as ▁Zak k ▁W yl de , ▁Jason ▁Bon |
ham , ▁My les ▁Kennedy , ▁ ▁Bl as ▁E lias ▁and ▁Nick ▁Cat an ese . ▁V ander ▁Ark ▁wrote ▁the ▁song ▁" Color ful ", ▁which ▁appears ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁film , ▁s ung ▁by ▁the ▁Chris ▁Cole ▁Band , ▁and ▁sim ulated ▁by ▁Mark ▁Wahl berg . ▁V ander ▁Ark ▁recorded ▁vocals ▁of ▁this ▁song ▁on ▁the ▁sound track ▁of ▁the ▁movie . ▁The ▁song ▁is ▁on ▁album ▁Under ne ath , ▁by ▁The ▁Ver ve ▁Pi pe . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁appeared ▁in ▁several ▁independent ▁films , ▁including ▁director ▁Matthew ▁Le ut wy ler ' s ▁Road ▁Kill , ▁Dead ▁and ▁Break fast , ▁and ▁Une arth ed . ▁V ander ▁Ark ▁also ▁composed ▁the ▁musical ▁scores ▁for ▁Dead ▁& ▁Break fast ▁and ▁Une arth ed . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁▁ ▁Road ▁Kill ▁- ▁Jo ey ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁This ▁Space ▁Between ▁Us ▁- ▁T agger ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁Mer gers ▁& ▁Ac quis itions ▁- ▁Larry ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Rock ▁Star ▁- ▁Rick i ▁Bell , ▁Blood ▁Pol l ution ▁Bass ist ▁( 2 0 0 1 ) ▁ ▁Dead ▁& ▁Break fast ▁- ▁The ▁T all ▁H ick ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Bul lies ▁on ▁V ac ation ▁( short ) ▁- ▁Steve ▁V ander la an ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁House ▁of ▁the ▁R ising ▁Sun ▁- ▁Jimmy ▁La G range ▁( 2 0 1 1 |
) ▁ ▁E den ▁Sh atter ed ▁( short ) ▁- ▁President ▁Dave ▁P ell aton ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Albums ▁ ▁Res urre ction ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁Angel , ▁Put ▁Your ▁Face ▁On ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁Brian ▁V ander ▁Ark ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁Magazine ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁Wonder land ▁with ▁Lux ▁Land ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁Simple ▁Tr uth s ▁with ▁Jeff ▁Daniel s ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Singles ▁ ▁" This ▁Time " ▁( 2 0 0 9 ) ▁" D addy ' s ▁Girl " ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁" An other ▁American ▁Down " ▁with ▁Jeff ▁Daniel s ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁S ources ▁Brian ▁V ander ▁Ark ' s ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Second ▁Mot ion ▁Records ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁sing ers ▁Category : Al tern ative ▁rock ▁guitar ists ▁Category : Al tern ative ▁rock ▁sing ers ▁Category : American ▁alternative ▁rock ▁mus icians ▁Category : American ▁male ▁singer - song writ ers ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Dutch ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁rock ▁guitar ists ▁Category : American ▁male ▁guitar ists ▁Category : American ▁singer - song writ ers ▁Category : American ▁rock ▁song writ ers ▁Category |
: American ▁rock ▁sing ers ▁Category : Sing ers ▁from ▁Michigan ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Holland , ▁Michigan ▁Category : The ▁Ver ve ▁Pi pe ▁members ▁Category : G uit ar ists ▁from ▁Michigan ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁guitar ists <0x0A> </s> ▁Inside ▁Super c ars ▁was ▁an ▁Australian ▁television ▁series , ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Super c ars ▁Championship , ▁that ▁a ired ▁on ▁Fox ▁Sports . ▁ ▁Format ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁Each ▁episode ▁featured ▁a ▁panel ▁of ▁guests , ▁led ▁by ▁two ▁regular ▁hosts ; ▁journalist ▁Greg ▁R ust ▁and ▁former ▁championship - w inner ▁Mark ▁S ka ife . ▁They ▁were ▁normally ▁joined ▁on ▁the ▁panel ▁by ▁a ▁rot ating ▁selection ▁of ▁two ▁current ▁Super c ars ▁Championship ▁drivers , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁contributions ▁from ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁other ▁expert ▁comment ator . ▁These ▁contrib utors ▁included ▁former ▁drivers , ▁journal ists ▁and ▁even ▁out s iders ▁to ▁the ▁sport , ▁such ▁as ▁former ▁net ball ▁player ▁L iz ▁Ell is . ▁The ▁series ▁featured ▁event ▁pre views ▁and ▁reviews , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁extended ▁pre - record ed ▁inter views ▁with ▁major ▁figures ▁from ▁the ▁category . ▁The ▁show ▁a ired ▁on ▁T ues days ▁at ▁ 7 . 3 0 pm ▁on ▁Fox ▁Sports ▁ 5 , ▁and ▁was ▁repeated ▁various ▁times ▁during ▁the ▁week ▁on ▁the ▁network . ▁It ▁also ▁air s ▁on ▁Sky ▁Sport ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁In ▁ 2 0 |
1 7 ▁the ▁show ▁was ▁re - launch ed ▁with ▁Fox ▁Sports ▁journalist ▁Jess ica ▁Y ates ▁taking ▁over ▁from ▁R ust ▁as ▁host ▁of ▁the ▁show . ▁S ka ife ▁and ▁Neil ▁C rom pton ▁remained ▁as ▁senior ▁pan ell ists , ▁with ▁R ust ▁joining ▁the ▁three ▁in ▁hosting ▁several ▁special ▁episodes ▁at ▁team ▁work sh ops ▁in ▁between ▁events . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁Fox ▁Sports , ▁in ▁a ▁shared ▁deal ▁with ▁Network ▁Ten , ▁had ▁acquired ▁the ▁broadcast ▁rights ▁for ▁what ▁was ▁then ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁V 8 ▁Super c ars ▁series , ▁as ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁season . ▁To ▁accomp any ▁their ▁new ▁coverage ▁of ▁the ▁category , ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Fox ▁Sports ▁launched ▁both ▁this ▁series ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁document ary - style ▁Super c ars ▁Life ▁series . ▁The ▁first ▁episode ▁was ▁broadcast ▁on ▁ 3 ▁March , ▁two ▁days ▁after ▁the ▁opening ▁event ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁season ; ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁C li ps al ▁ 5 0 0 ▁Ad ela ide . ▁The ▁episode ▁featured ▁James ▁Court ney , ▁the ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁Ad ela ide ▁event , ▁and ▁Scott ▁Mc L augh lin ▁as ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁driver ▁guests , ▁with ▁L iz ▁Ell is ▁and ▁R iana ▁Cre han ▁also ▁joining ▁R ust ▁and ▁S ka ife ▁on ▁the ▁panel . ▁ ▁The ▁series ▁returned ▁for ▁ |
2 0 1 6 ▁on ▁ 8 ▁March , ▁two ▁days ▁after ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁C li ps al ▁ 5 0 0 ▁Ad ela ide . ▁The ▁episode ▁featured ▁the ▁event ▁winner ▁Nick ▁Per cat ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Saturday ▁pole - s it ters ▁Scott ▁P ye ▁as ▁driver ▁guests . ▁Russell ▁Ing all ▁joined ▁the ▁series ▁as ▁a ▁semi - regular ▁pan ell ist ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁while ▁Neil ▁C rom pton ▁provided ▁feature ▁inter views ▁with ▁team ▁man agers . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁series ▁was ▁re - launch ed ▁on ▁Wed nes day ▁night s , ▁with ▁Y ates ▁taking ▁over ▁as ▁host ▁from ▁R ust ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁various ▁changes ▁to ▁the ▁format ▁and ▁presentation ▁of ▁the ▁show . ▁ ▁Dem ise ▁In ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁show ▁would ▁not ▁return , ▁with ▁the ▁studio - based ▁show ▁to ▁be ▁replaced ▁by ▁a ▁new ▁show , ▁Super c ars ▁Track side . ▁The ▁new ▁show ▁air s ▁on ▁the ▁Th urs day ▁and ▁Sunday ▁night s ▁of ▁each ▁event ▁in ▁the ▁Super c ars ▁Championship ▁and ▁features ▁Y ates , ▁S ka ife ▁and ▁Ing all ▁as ▁the ▁main ▁present ers . ▁ ▁Reg ular ▁present ers ▁ ▁Host ▁ ▁Jess ica ▁Y ates ▁ ▁Senior ▁pan ell ists ▁ ▁Neil ▁C rom pton ▁ ▁Greg ▁R ust ▁ ▁Mark ▁S ka ife ▁ ▁Craig ▁Low nd es ▁ |
▁Cont rib utors ▁ ▁Russell ▁Ing all ▁ ▁Greg ▁Mur phy ▁ ▁Ch ad ▁N ey lon ▁ ▁A aron ▁No on an ▁ ▁Past ▁contrib utors ▁ ▁R iana ▁Cre han ▁ ▁L iz ▁Ell is ▁ ▁Mark ▁F og art y ▁ ▁Bruce ▁Newton ▁ ▁James ▁Ph el ps ▁ ▁Steve ▁Price ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Australian ▁television ▁series ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁longest - running ▁Australian ▁television ▁series ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : F ox ▁Sports ▁( Austral ia ) ▁shows ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁Australian ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁Australian ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Autom ot ive ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Austral ian ▁sports ▁television ▁series ▁Category : M ot ors port ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : Super c ars ▁Championship ▁Category : D riv ing ▁in ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁La jes ▁Field ▁or ▁La jes ▁Air ▁Base ▁( ; ▁), ▁officially ▁designated ▁Air ▁Base ▁No . ▁ 4 ▁( Base ▁A é rea ▁N º ▁ 4 , ▁B A 4 ) ▁, ▁is ▁a ▁multi - use ▁air field , ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Force ▁Base ▁A é rea ▁N ▁ º 4 ▁and ▁Az ores ▁Air ▁Zone ▁Command ▁( ), ▁a ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Force ▁det achment ▁unit ▁( oper ated ▁by ▁the ▁ 6 5 th ▁Air ▁Base ▁Group ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Forces ▁in ▁Europe ▁- ▁Air ▁Forces ▁Africa ), ▁and ▁a ▁regional ▁air ▁passenger ▁terminal ▁located |
▁near ▁La jes ▁and ▁ ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁Ang ra ▁do ▁Hero í sm o ▁on ▁Ter ce ira ▁Island ▁in ▁the ▁Az ores , ▁Portugal . ▁Loc ated ▁about ▁ ▁east ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁and ▁about ▁ ▁west ▁of ▁Lis bon , ▁Portugal ; ▁the ▁base ▁s its ▁in ▁a ▁strateg ic ▁location ▁mid way ▁between ▁North ▁America ▁and ▁Europe ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁Atlantic ▁Ocean . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁origin ▁of ▁the ▁La jes ▁Field ▁dates ▁back ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 8 , ▁when ▁Portuguese ▁Army ▁Lieutenant ▁colon el ▁Edu ardo ▁G om es ▁da ▁Silva ▁wrote ▁a ▁report ▁on ▁the ▁possible ▁construction ▁of ▁an ▁air field ▁in ▁the ▁plain land ▁of ▁La jes , ▁for ▁that ▁branch ' s ▁av iation ▁service ▁( ). ▁However , ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁Ach ada ▁on ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁São ▁Miguel ▁was ▁chosen ▁instead ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁for ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁field . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 4 , ▁the ▁Ach ada ▁air field ▁was ▁condem ned ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁in ade qu ate ▁dimensions ▁and ▁ad verse ▁weather ▁conditions , ▁resulting ▁in ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁landing ▁strip ▁of ▁pack ed ▁earth ▁and ▁a ▁small ▁group ▁of ▁support ▁facilities ▁by ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁military ▁at ▁La jes . ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁ ▁During ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁the ▁design ation ▁of ▁the ▁air field ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁Air ▁Base ▁No . 4 ▁and ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁government ▁expanded ▁the ▁run way , ▁sending ▁troops ▁and ▁equipment ▁to ▁Ter ce ira , |
▁including ▁G loster ▁Glad i ator ▁f igh ters . ▁The ▁military ▁activities ▁in ▁the ▁Az ores ▁grew ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁as ▁the ▁Glad i ators ▁began ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁support ▁al lied ▁con vo ys , ▁in ▁reconna issance ▁miss ions ▁and ▁on ▁meteor ological ▁fl ights . ▁In ▁addition , ▁the ▁first ▁Portuguese ▁J unk ers ▁Ju ▁ 5 2 ▁arrived ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁to ▁fly ▁cargo ▁miss ions . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁the ▁British ▁and ▁American ▁armed ▁forces ▁were ▁allowed ▁bas ing ▁rights ▁in ▁Portugal . ▁Within ▁a ▁month ▁of ▁dis emb ark ing ▁on ▁Ter ce ira ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁the ▁Royal ▁Air ▁Force ▁had ▁laid ▁pier ced ▁steel ▁pl ank ing ▁to ▁length en ▁the ▁run way ▁at ▁La jes ▁Field , ▁allowing ▁the ▁Royal ▁Air ▁Force ▁to ▁begin ▁pat rol s . ▁The ▁first ▁attack ▁on ▁a ▁German ▁U - bo at ▁was ▁conducted ▁in ▁November , ▁s inking ▁the ▁sub marine ; ▁this ▁attack ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁dozen ▁more ▁attacks ▁on ▁U - bo ats ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁after ▁which ▁German ▁forces ▁stayed ▁clear ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁and ▁American ▁pat rol ▁areas . ▁The ▁Az ores ▁enabled ▁British ▁and ▁American ▁air men ▁to ▁protect ▁Al lied ▁sh ipping ▁in ▁the ▁area . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁British ▁and ▁U . S |
. ▁military ▁represent atives ▁at ▁R AF ▁La jes ▁Field ▁signed ▁a ▁joint ▁agreement ▁out lin ing ▁the ▁roles ▁and ▁respons ib ilities ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Air ▁Forces ▁( USA AF ) ▁and ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁( US N ) ▁at ▁La jes ▁Field . ▁The ▁agreement ▁established ▁gu idel ines ▁and ▁limitations ▁for ▁the ▁fer ry ing ▁of ▁aircraft ▁and ▁the ▁transport ▁aircraft ▁to ▁Europe ▁via ▁La jes ▁Field . ▁In ▁return , ▁the ▁US ▁agreed ▁to ▁assist ▁the ▁British ▁in ▁impro ving ▁and ▁extending ▁existing ▁facilities ▁at ▁La jes . ▁Air ▁Transport ▁Command ▁transport ▁plan es ▁began ▁landing ▁at ▁La jes ▁Field ▁immediately ▁after ▁the ▁agreement ▁was ▁signed . ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 , 9 0 0 ▁American ▁air plan es ▁had ▁passed ▁through ▁this ▁Az ore an ▁base . ▁Using ▁La jes ▁Field , ▁the ▁flying ▁time ▁relative ▁to ▁the ▁usual ▁trans at l antic ▁route ▁between ▁Brazil ▁and ▁West ▁Africa ▁was ▁nearly ▁cut ▁in ▁half ▁from ▁ 7 0 ▁to ▁ 4 0 ▁hours . ▁ ▁La jes ▁Field ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁stop over ▁and ▁ref uel ing ▁bases ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁trans at l antic ▁crossing ▁of ▁non - rig id ▁air ships ▁( bl im ps ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁The ▁US N ▁sent ▁six ▁Go ody ear - built ▁K - ships ▁from ▁Naval ▁Air ▁Station ▁South ▁We ym outh ▁in ▁Massachusetts ▁to ▁their ▁first ▁stop over |
▁base ▁at ▁Naval ▁Station ▁Argent ia , ▁New found land ▁and ▁then ▁on ▁to ▁La jes ▁Field ▁in ▁the ▁Az ores ▁before ▁flying ▁to ▁their ▁final ▁destination ▁at ▁Port ▁Ly aut ey ▁( K en it ra ), ▁French ▁Mor oc co . ▁From ▁their ▁base ▁with ▁Fle et ▁Air ▁Wing ▁ 1 5 ▁at ▁Port ▁Ly aut ey , ▁the ▁bl im ps ▁of ▁US N ▁B limp ▁Squadron ▁ 1 4 ▁( Z P - 1 4 ▁or ▁B lim pr on ▁ 1 4 ) ▁conducted ▁night - time ▁anti - sub marine ▁war fare ▁( AS W ) ▁to ▁search ▁for ▁German ▁U - bo ats ▁around ▁the ▁Stra it ▁of ▁Gib ral tar ▁using ▁magnetic ▁anom aly ▁detection ▁( MA D ). ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁two ▁Z P - 1 4 ▁replacement ▁bl im ps ▁were ▁sent ▁from ▁Week sv ille , ▁North ▁Carolina ▁to ▁the ▁B erm ud as ▁and ▁La jes ▁before ▁going ▁on ▁to ▁C raw ▁Field ▁( K en it ra ▁Air ▁Base ) ▁at ▁Port ▁Ly aut ey . ▁ ▁Post - W ar ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁transferred ▁control ▁of ▁La jes ▁back ▁to ▁Portugal ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁The ▁Portuguese ▁red es ign ated ▁La jes ▁as ▁Air ▁Base ▁No . ▁ 4 ▁and ▁assigned ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁air ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Army . ▁However , ▁tal ks ▁between ▁the ▁U . S . ▁and ▁Portugal ▁began ▁about ▁extending ▁the |
▁American ▁stay ▁in ▁the ▁Az ores . ▁A ▁temporary ▁agreement ▁was ▁reached ▁between ▁the ▁U . S . ▁and ▁Portuguese ▁govern ments ▁giving ▁the ▁U . S . ▁military ▁rights ▁to ▁La jes ▁Field ▁for ▁an ▁additional ▁ 1 8 ▁months : ▁the ▁relationship ▁between ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁and ▁American ▁govern ments ▁continues ▁to ▁this ▁day , ▁where ▁the ▁U . S . ▁military ▁res ides ▁under ▁a ▁ten ancy ▁status , ▁and ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁government ▁retain ing ▁rights ▁of ▁ownership ▁to ▁the ▁land ▁and ▁infrastr ucture . ▁La jes ▁Field ▁remains ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Base ▁ 4 ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁Head quarters ▁Az ores ▁Air ▁Zone ▁commanded ▁by ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Force ▁brig ade iro ▁( equal ▁to ▁a ▁U . S . ▁two - star ▁general ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Es quad ra ▁ 4 1 ▁started ▁to ▁operate ▁from ▁La jes , ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁Bo eing ▁S B - 1 7 , ▁Gr um man ▁H U - 1 6 ▁Al bat ross , ▁Douglas ▁C - 5 4 ▁Sk ym aster ▁and , ▁later ▁S ikor sky ▁H - 1 9 ▁hel ic op ters . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁activ ated ▁the ▁ 5 7 th ▁Air ▁Res cue ▁Squadron ▁at ▁La jes ▁Field , ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁based ▁until ▁in activ ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁These ▁units ▁were ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁search ▁and ▁rescue ▁( S AR |
) ▁operations ▁in ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁between ▁Europe ▁and ▁North ▁America . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁the ▁North ▁Atlantic ▁Tre aty ▁Organ ization ▁( N AT O ) ▁military ▁al liance ▁was ▁established . ▁Portugal , ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁Canada , ▁and ▁various ▁( other ) ▁western ▁European ▁countries ▁were ▁char ter ▁members ▁of ▁NAT O . ▁By ▁reason ▁of ▁the ▁NAT O ▁al liance , ▁La jes ▁was ▁available ▁for ▁use ▁by ▁those ▁countries , ▁and ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁La jes ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁Portugal ' s ▁primary ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁al liance . ▁However , ▁use ▁of ▁La jes ▁Field ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁military ▁is ▁secured ▁by ▁a ▁Status ▁of ▁Forces ▁Ag re ement ▁( SO FA ) ▁outside ▁the ▁NAT O ▁SO FA . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 3 , ▁Ly nde ▁D . ▁McC orm ick , ▁the ▁Commander - in - Ch ief ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Atlantic ▁Command ▁organized ▁a ▁sub ordinate ▁un ified ▁command ▁in ▁the ▁Az ores ▁called ▁U . S . ▁Forces ▁Az ores ▁( US FOR A Z ). ▁A ▁small ▁staff ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁Army , ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Force , ▁and ▁United ▁States ▁Marine ▁Corps ▁personnel ▁composed ▁the ▁joint ▁staff ▁of ▁US FOR A Z , ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁l ia ison ▁between ▁the ▁U . S . ▁and ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁in ▁the ▁Az ores . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁US AF ▁air ▁ref |
uel ing / t ank er ▁aircraft ▁were ▁station ed ▁at ▁La jes ▁to ▁provide ▁infl ight ▁ref uel ing ▁for ▁U . S . ▁aircraft ▁trans iting ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Ocean . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁tank er ▁units ▁left ▁La jes ▁by ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁but ▁others ▁returned ▁later , ▁especially ▁the ▁US AF ▁K C - 1 3 5 ▁Str at ot ank er . ▁This ▁transfer , ▁couple d ▁with ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁newer ▁long - range ▁aircraft , ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁grad ual ▁decl ine ▁in ▁La jes ▁traffic . ▁The ▁Military ▁Air ▁Transport ▁Service ▁( M AT S ) ▁and ▁its ▁successor , ▁the ▁Military ▁Airl ift ▁Command ▁( MA C ), ▁became ▁responsible ▁for ▁US AF ▁activities ▁at ▁the ▁base , ▁and ▁for ▁a ▁while ▁the ▁ 1 6 0 5 th ▁Military ▁Airl ift ▁Support ▁Wing ▁acted ▁as ▁US AF ▁host ▁unit . ▁ ▁La jes ▁Field ▁also ▁played ▁a ▁cru cial ▁role ▁in ▁Cold ▁War ▁politics . ▁From ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁Portugal ▁was ▁under ▁the ▁dict ator ship ▁of ▁Ant ón io ▁de ▁O live ira ▁Sal azar , ▁yet ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Government ▁maintained ▁friendly ▁relations ▁with ▁the ▁Estado ▁Nov o ▁regime , ▁especially ▁after ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁With ▁rising ▁post war ▁t ensions ▁between ▁the ▁East ▁and ▁the ▁West , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁understood ▁the ▁strateg ic ▁importance ▁of ▁La jes ▁Field ▁and ▁continued ▁its ▁close ▁friendship |
▁with ▁the ▁Sal azar ▁Government ▁in ▁Portugal . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Force ▁E IC AP ▁( he avy ▁aircraft ▁advanced ▁training ▁unit ) ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁La jes , ▁operating ▁Douglas ▁C - 4 7 , ▁Douglas ▁C - 5 4 ▁and ▁later ▁C AS A ▁C - 2 1 2 ▁A vi oc ar . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Col onial ▁War , ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁the ▁Air ▁Force ▁Hospital ▁at ▁La jes ▁operated ▁as ▁the ▁main ▁centre ▁for ▁treatment ▁and ▁re h abil itation ▁of ▁m util ated ▁and ▁heavy ▁burn ed ▁soldiers ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁services ▁of ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Ar med ▁Forces . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁Y om ▁K ipp ur ▁War , ▁La jes ▁Field ▁also ▁supported ▁Operation ▁Nick el ▁Gr ass ▁U . S . ▁air l ift ▁miss ions ▁to ▁Israel , ▁highlight ing ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁base ▁at ▁La jes . ▁ ▁Another ▁important ▁Cold ▁War ▁operation ▁at ▁La jes ▁was ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Navy ' s ▁Naval ▁Air ▁Fac ility ▁La jes ▁( NA F ▁La jes ), ▁a ▁ten ant ▁activity ▁at ▁the ▁air ▁base . ▁N AF ▁La jes , ▁and ▁its ▁associated ▁T act ical ▁Support ▁Center ▁( T SC )/ Ant is ub marine ▁War fare ▁Oper ations ▁Center ▁( AS W OC ), ▁supported ▁rot ational ▁det ach |
ments ▁of ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁P - 2 ▁Ne pt une ▁and ▁later ▁P - 3 ▁Or ion ▁mar itime ▁pat rol ▁aircraft ▁that ▁would ▁track ▁Soviet ▁attack , ▁gu ided ▁miss ile , ▁and ▁ball istic ▁miss ile ▁sub mar ines ▁in ▁the ▁region . ▁With ▁the ▁collapse ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ▁and ▁the ▁Wars aw ▁P act , ▁and ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁Cold ▁War , ▁P - 3 ▁operations ▁at ▁La jes ▁decl ined , ▁and ▁the ▁Naval ▁Air ▁Fac ility ▁was ▁in activ ated ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁ ▁Post - C arn ation ▁Revolution ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Force ▁re organ ization ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁La jes ▁Air ▁Base ▁comes ▁to ▁have ▁two ▁resident ▁flying ▁units : ▁Squadron ▁ 5 0 3 ▁- ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁C AS A ▁C - 2 1 2 ▁aircraft ▁and ▁Squadron ▁ 7 5 2 ▁- ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁A éro sp at iale ▁SA ▁ 3 3 0 ▁P uma ▁hel ic op ters . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁a ▁det achment ▁of ▁Squadron ▁ 3 0 1 ▁- ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁F iat ▁G . 9 1 ▁f ighter - b om bers ▁- ▁starts ▁to ▁be ▁based ▁at ▁La jes , ▁this ▁being ▁augment ed ▁and ▁becoming ▁Squadron ▁ 3 0 3 ▁" J agu ares " ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁Az ores ▁Islands ▁earth qu ake ▁affected |
▁Ter ce ira ▁Island . ▁Dam age ▁to ▁La jes ▁Field ▁was ▁minimal , ▁but ▁Portuguese ▁communities ▁throughout ▁the ▁island ▁suffered ▁extensive ▁damage . ▁Military ▁personnel ▁respond ed ▁with ▁food , ▁shelter , ▁equipment , ▁and ▁man power . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁La jes ▁under to ok ▁a ▁new ▁mission ▁known ▁as ▁" SI L K ▁P UR SE ." ▁Bo eing ▁EC - 1 3 5 s ▁began ▁operating ▁out ▁of ▁La jes ▁Field ▁as ▁an ▁air bor ne ▁command ▁post ▁for ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Commander - in - Ch ief , ▁Europe . ▁Al ong ▁with ▁the ▁aircraft ▁came ▁the ▁U . S . ▁European ▁Command ▁battle ▁staff ▁and ▁flight ▁cre ws ▁from ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Forces ▁in ▁Europe . ▁This ▁mission ▁was ▁ended ▁in ▁late ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁Squadron ▁ 3 0 3 ▁was ▁dis band ed . ▁ ▁La jes ▁supported ▁the ▁large ▁air l ift ▁during ▁the ▁G ulf ▁War . ▁On ▁the ▁first ▁day ▁of ▁the ▁deployment ▁over ▁ 9 0 ▁aircraft ▁trans ited ▁La jes . ▁Str ateg ic ▁Air ▁Command ▁( S AC ) ▁created ▁a ▁prov is ional ▁tank er ▁wing , ▁the ▁ 8 0 2 nd ▁Air ▁Ref uel ing ▁Wing ▁( P ) ▁Pro vis ional , ▁at ▁La jes ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁air l ift . ▁At ▁the ▁height ▁of ▁the ▁operation ▁a ▁peak ▁of ▁ 3 3 |
▁tank er ▁aircraft ▁and ▁ 6 0 0 ▁troops ▁deployed ▁to ▁La jes . ▁So on ▁after ▁the ▁G ulf ▁War ▁ended , ▁La jes ▁command ▁changed ▁from ▁Air ▁M ob ility ▁Command , ▁to ▁Air ▁Com bat ▁Command . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁squad rons ▁ 5 0 3 ▁and ▁ 7 5 2 ▁are ▁merged ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁mixed ▁unit ▁operating ▁both ▁C - 2 1 2 ▁and ▁A éro sp at iale ▁P uma , ▁the is ▁being ▁the ▁ 7 1 1 ▁Squadron ▁" Al b atro zes " ▁( Al bat ross es ). ▁ ▁The ▁resident ▁Portuguese ▁ 7 1 1 ▁Squadron ▁was ▁de activ ated ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁With ▁this ▁act ▁the ▁long - ser ving ▁Aer osp at iale ▁P uma ▁was ▁retired ▁from ▁service . ▁The ▁P uma ▁hel ic op ters ▁were ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁modern ▁Ag usta West land ▁A W 1 0 1 ▁Mer lin : ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁government ▁purchased ▁twelve ▁units ▁for ▁S AR , ▁CS AR ▁and ▁Fish eries ▁enfor cement . ▁Air ▁Base ▁No . 4 ▁received ▁three ▁Mer l ins ▁on ▁permanent ▁det achment ▁from ▁Es quad ra ▁ 7 5 1 ▁" P um as " ▁from ▁Air ▁Base ▁No . 6 ▁at ▁Mont ijo , ▁near ▁Lis bon . ▁They ▁saw ▁immediate ▁service ▁starting ▁ 1 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁However , ▁maintenance ▁problems ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁next ▁coming ▁months |
▁which , ▁couple d ▁with ▁a ▁short age ▁of ▁spare ▁parts ▁from ▁the ▁manufact urer , ▁led ▁to ▁such ▁a ▁low ▁service ble ▁rate ▁forcing ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Force ▁to ▁pull ▁the ▁Mer lin ▁from ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁Az ores . ▁The ▁last ▁Mer lin ▁fle w ▁back ▁to ▁Mont ijo ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁In ▁order ▁not ▁to ▁comprom ise ▁the ▁S AR ▁mission , ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Force ▁decided ▁to ▁react iv ate ▁the ▁P uma ▁fleet : ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁a ▁formation ▁of ▁four ▁P uma ▁hel ic op ters ▁made ▁the ▁trans - At l antic ▁crossing ▁from ▁Be ja ▁to ▁La jes ▁via ▁Porto ▁Santo ▁Airport ▁on ▁Porto ▁Santo ▁Island ▁and ▁Santa ▁Maria ▁Airport ▁on ▁Santa ▁Maria ▁Island . ▁ ▁The ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Force ▁continues ▁to ▁operate ▁one ▁S AR ▁unit ▁Squadron ▁ 7 5 2 ▁" P um as " ▁operating ▁five ▁u bi quit ous ▁and ▁reliable ▁Aer osp at iale ▁P um as ▁to ▁fly ▁patients ▁among ▁the ▁islands , ▁from ▁ships ▁during ▁S AR ▁miss ions ▁and ▁during ▁other ▁transport ▁duties . ▁The ▁entire ▁Mer lin ▁fleet ▁is ▁expected ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁full ▁oper ational ▁status ▁eventually , ▁giving ▁way ▁to ▁the ▁definit ive ▁ret irement ▁of ▁the ▁P uma ▁hel ic op ters . ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁long - standing ▁C AS A ▁C - 2 1 2 ▁A vi oc ar ▁det achment ▁from ▁main land ▁Squadron ▁ 4 0 |
1 ▁" C ient istas ". ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁La jes ▁provided ▁rescue ▁support ▁of ▁sh ipping ▁lan es ▁across ▁the ▁Atlantic , ▁a ▁safe ▁haven ▁for ▁medical ▁or ▁mechanical ▁emer gency ▁situations ▁in ▁aircraft ▁crossing ▁the ▁Atlantic , ▁and ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁US AF ' s ▁continu ing ▁campaign s ▁in ▁Ira q ▁and ▁Afghan istan . ▁F ighter , ▁tank er ▁and ▁transport ▁plan es ▁frequently ▁stopped ▁there , ▁either ▁east ▁or ▁west bound . ▁The ▁next ▁de cade ▁expects ▁to ▁see ▁a ▁rise ▁in ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁U . S . ▁Department ▁of ▁Def ense ▁aircraft ▁to ▁trans it ▁La jes ▁supporting ▁the ▁newly ▁created ▁A FR IC OM . ▁ ▁The ▁base ▁also ▁supports ▁other ▁NAT O ▁and ▁non - N AT O ▁armed ▁forces ▁assets ▁crossing ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁for ▁transport , ▁VI P , ▁exercise , ▁relief ▁or ▁human itar ian ▁duties . ▁ ▁The ▁civil ian ▁terminal ▁also ▁plays ▁an ▁important ▁role ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁passenger ▁and ▁cargo ▁air lin ers , ▁executive , ▁corpor ate ▁and ▁private ▁j ets ▁flying ▁to ▁the ▁island ▁or ▁beyond ▁as ▁the ▁central ▁location ▁in ▁the ▁Az ores ▁group ▁of ▁islands ▁makes ▁it ▁an ▁ideal ▁spot ▁for ▁ref u elling ▁or ▁stop over . ▁In ▁the ▁past ▁five ▁years , ▁large ▁Anton ov ▁An - 1 2 4 ▁and ▁An - 2 2 5 ▁aircraft ▁have ▁been ▁seen ▁frequently ▁transport ing ▁out s ized ▁cargo ▁for ▁destin ations ▁in ▁North ▁and ▁South ▁America . ▁ ▁Civil ian |
▁operators ▁may ▁use ▁Ter ce ira ▁Airport / L ajes ▁Air ▁Base ▁after ▁request ing ▁a ▁landing ▁permit ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁rules ▁ins cribed ▁in ▁the ▁A IP ▁( A er onaut ical ▁Information ▁Public ation ) ▁for ▁Portugal , ▁issued ▁by ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Director ate ▁of ▁Civil ian ▁A viation ▁( IN AC ). ▁ ▁Current ▁status ▁ ▁La jes ▁provides ▁support ▁to ▁ 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁aircraft , ▁including ▁f igh ters ▁from ▁the ▁US ▁and ▁ 2 0 ▁other ▁al lied ▁nations ▁each . ▁The ▁ge ographic ▁position ▁has ▁made ▁this ▁air base ▁strateg ically ▁important ▁to ▁both ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁NAT O ' s ▁war ▁fighting ▁cap ability . ▁In ▁addition , ▁a ▁small ▁commercial ▁av iation ▁terminal ▁handles ▁scheduled ▁and ▁char tered ▁fl ights ▁from ▁North ▁America ▁and ▁Europe , ▁especially ▁main land ▁Portugal . ▁It ▁also ▁super vis es ▁commercial ▁air ▁traffic ▁with ▁the ▁other ▁islands ▁in ▁the ▁Az ore an ▁arch ip el ago ▁and ▁trans - At l antic ▁ref u elling ▁and ▁stop o vers ▁for ▁commercial ▁air lines , ▁executive ▁and ▁corpor ate ▁j ets , ▁air ▁cargo ▁ha ul ers , ▁small ▁private ▁aircraft , ▁government al ▁fl ights , ▁human itar ian ▁miss ions , ▁and ▁other ▁fl ights . ▁ ▁Today , ▁La jes ▁continues ▁to ▁support ▁trans iting ▁aircraft . ▁Begin ning ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁large ▁scale ▁f ighter ▁aircraft ▁movements ▁under ▁the ▁new ▁US AF ▁operating ▁concept ▁known ▁as ▁the |
▁Air ▁Ex ped ition ary ▁Force ▁( AE F ) ▁filled ▁the ▁La jes ▁flight line . ▁La jes ▁also ▁has ▁hosted ▁B - 5 2 ▁Str at of ort ress ▁and ▁B - 1 ▁Lan cer ▁bom ber ▁aircraft ▁on ▁global ▁air ▁miss ions , ▁and ▁also ▁supported ▁many ▁routine ▁NAT O ▁exer cis es , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁bien n ial ▁Northern ▁Vik ing ▁exercise . ▁La jes ▁Field ▁services ▁aircraft ▁from ▁various ▁nations , ▁including ▁Belg ium , ▁Brazil , ▁Canada , ▁Colombia , ▁Den mark , ▁France , ▁Germany , ▁Greece , ▁India , ▁Israel , ▁Italy , ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁Pakistan , ▁Poland , ▁Q atar , ▁Russia , ▁Spain , ▁Sweden , ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁and ▁Venezuela . ▁The ▁air field ▁was ▁an ▁alternative ▁landing ▁site ▁for ▁the ▁NASA ▁Space ▁Sh utt le ▁orb iter ▁and ▁also ▁now ▁plays ▁as ▁the ▁number ▁one ▁di version ▁air port ▁for ▁medical ▁or ▁mechanical ▁emer gency ▁di version ▁situations ▁for ▁all ▁types ▁of ▁aircraft . ▁An ▁annual ▁average ▁of ▁ 5 0 ▁aircraft ▁of ▁all ▁types ▁di vert ▁to ▁La jes ▁as ▁a ▁mid ▁Atlantic ▁safe ▁haven . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Portuguese ▁news ▁ag encies ▁reported ▁that ▁both ▁govern ments ▁were ▁in ▁discuss ions ▁for ▁a ▁new ▁agreement ▁that ▁could ▁allow ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁La jes ▁for ▁the ▁training ▁of ▁a ▁permanent ▁F - 2 2 ▁R apt or ▁squad ron . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁La |
jes ▁by ▁the ▁U . S . ▁military ▁has ▁allowed ▁Portugal ▁to ▁strength en ▁diplom atic ▁relations ▁with ▁the ▁U . S . ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁obtain ▁military ▁equipment ▁for ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Ar med ▁Forces , ▁including ▁two ▁A - 7 P ▁C ors air ▁II ▁squad rons ▁and ▁the ▁co - fin ance ▁of ▁F - 1 6 ▁Fight ing ▁Fal con ▁aircraft ▁under ▁the ▁Peace ▁Atl ant is ▁I ▁program . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Portuguese ▁news ▁ag encies ▁ad vised ▁for ▁the ▁term ination ▁of ▁the ▁F - 2 2 ▁R apt or ▁plan ▁to ▁use ▁La jes ▁as ▁a ▁platform ▁for ▁D ACT ▁training ▁over ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Ocean . ▁Do D ▁sources ▁were ▁c ited ▁as ▁the ▁plan ▁cancel led ▁due ▁to ▁budget ary ▁constraints . ▁This ▁was ▁regarded ▁locally ▁as ▁a ▁set back ▁for ▁the ▁military ▁environment ▁at ▁La jes , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁raising ▁doub ts ▁from ▁regional ▁political ▁forces ▁who ▁have ▁concerns ▁regarding ▁the ▁base ▁future ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁safety ▁of ▁the ▁Az ore an ▁employed ▁work force . ▁ ▁Despite ▁NAT O ▁and ▁non - N AT O ▁f ighter ▁and ▁transport ▁plan es ▁which ▁continue ▁to ▁use ▁La jes ▁on ▁a ▁regular ▁basis , ▁the ▁US ▁Do D ▁movements ▁are ▁now ▁at ▁an ▁all - time ▁low . ▁With ▁more ▁and ▁more ▁air plan es ▁making ▁use ▁of ▁air - to - air ▁ref uel ing , ▁La jes ▁has ▁been ▁for ▁some ▁periods ▁of ▁time , ▁r |
anging ▁from ▁weeks ▁to ▁months , ▁almost ▁desert ed ▁except ▁for ▁the ▁occas ional ▁C - 1 3 0 ▁or ▁K C - 1 3 5 . ▁ ▁Portugal ▁has ▁expl ored ▁cont ingen cies ▁in ▁the ▁event ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁military ▁eventually ▁ab and ons ▁La jes , ▁including ▁the ▁possibility ▁of ▁entering ▁an ▁agreement ▁with ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁an ▁air plane ▁carrying ▁Premier ▁W en ▁Ji aba o ▁made ▁a ▁four - hour ▁stop ▁at ▁La jes ▁during ▁which ▁time ▁he ▁tou red ▁the ▁island . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁the ▁US ▁Department ▁of ▁Def ense ▁announced , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁larger ▁Air ▁Force ▁effort ▁to ▁shape ▁the ▁force , ▁that ▁La jes ▁Field ▁will ▁transition ▁from ▁an ▁air ▁base ▁wing ▁to ▁an ▁air ▁base ▁group ▁with ▁a ▁reduction ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁ 4 0 0 ▁military ▁personnel ▁and ▁ 5 0 0 ▁family ▁members ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁fis cal ▁year ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁This ▁force ▁reduction ▁is ▁estimated ▁to ▁gar ner ▁a ▁cost ▁sav ings ▁of ▁$ 3 5 ▁million ▁ann ually . ▁ ▁Ten ant ▁units ▁ ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Force ▁Az ores ▁Aer ial ▁Det achment : ▁ ▁E sq . ▁ 5 0 2 ▁" E lef antes " ▁- ▁tact ical ▁and ▁general ▁transport ▁duties , ▁medical ▁ev acu ation , ▁mar itime ▁pat rol , ▁and |
▁search ▁and ▁rescue ▁support ; ▁flying ▁one ▁E AD S ▁C AS A ▁C - 2 9 5 , ▁deployed ▁from ▁Mont ijo ▁AB . ▁ ▁E sq . ▁ 7 5 1 ▁" P um as " ▁- ▁search ▁and ▁rescue ▁squad ron ▁flying ▁two ▁Ag usta West land ▁A W 1 0 1 , ▁deployed ▁from ▁Mont ijo ▁AB . ▁Now ▁undert aking ▁the ▁S AR ▁and ▁a ire v ac ▁mission ▁within ▁the ▁Santa ▁Maria ▁F IR ▁- ▁Fl ight ▁Information ▁Region . ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Force ▁ ▁La jes ▁Field ▁is ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 5 th ▁Air ▁Base ▁Group , ▁which ▁in ▁turn ▁is ▁sub ordinate ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Forces ▁in ▁Europe . ▁The ▁group ▁provides ▁base ▁and ▁en ▁route ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Department ▁of ▁Def ense , ▁NAT O , ▁and ▁other ▁author ized ▁aircraft ▁trans iting ▁the ▁installation . ▁Is ▁expected ▁to ▁transition ▁to ▁an ▁Air ▁Base ▁Group ▁category ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁Due ▁to ▁the ▁global ▁economic ▁crisis , ▁the ▁US ▁government ▁decided ▁to ▁reduce ▁the ▁military ▁cont ing ent ▁at ▁La jes ▁to ▁no ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 7 0 ▁active ▁duty ▁personnel . ▁Famil ies ▁will ▁re loc ate ▁states ide ▁or ▁elsewhere , ▁several ▁buildings , ▁d orm s ▁and ▁homes ▁will ▁be ▁made ▁redundant . ▁This ▁much ▁reduced ▁effective ▁will ▁still ▁be ▁responsible ▁to ▁keep ▁La jes ▁oper ational ▁mission ▁active ▁although ▁at ▁a ▁much ▁reduced ▁scale , ▁with |
▁relevant ▁changes ▁to ▁be ▁implemented ▁from ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁ 6 5 th ▁Air ▁Base ▁Wing , ▁other ▁units ▁at ▁La jes ▁Field ▁include ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁Military ▁Tra ffic ▁Management ▁Command ' s ▁ 1 3 2 4 th ▁Military ▁Port ▁Command ▁in ▁the ▁nearby ▁port ▁of ▁Pra ia ▁da ▁V itor ia , ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁Air ▁M ob ility ▁Command ’ s ▁ 7 2 9 th ▁Air ▁M ob ility ▁Support ▁Squadron , ▁Det achment ▁ 6 ▁of ▁the ▁Air ▁Force ▁Public ▁Affairs ▁Agency , ▁Det achment ▁ 2 5 0 ▁- ▁Air ▁Force ▁Office ▁of ▁Special ▁Investig ations , ▁Def ense ▁Property ▁Dis pos al ▁Office , ▁and ▁the ▁Def ense ▁Comm iss ary ▁Agency . ▁ ▁La jes ▁Field ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 5 th ▁Communic ation ▁Squadron , ▁which ▁provides ▁communication ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁High ▁Fre quency ▁Global ▁Communic ations ▁Systems ▁( H F GC S ), ▁ground ▁radio , ▁ground ▁rad ar , ▁Sat Com ▁( S at ellite ▁Communic ations ), ▁and ▁crypt ography ▁to ▁the ▁base . ▁ ▁Acc idents ▁and ▁inc idents ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁a ▁ <0x09> D oug las ▁C - 5 4 ▁Sk ym aster ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Force ▁crash ed ▁into ▁the ▁sea ▁while ▁approaching ▁La jes ▁Field , ▁having ▁taken ▁off ▁from ▁Lis bon , |
▁Portugal , ▁killing ▁all ▁ 1 4 ▁on ▁board . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁a ▁Lock he ed ▁L - 7 4 9 A - 7 9 ▁Const ell ation ▁operated ▁by ▁Av ian ca ▁crash ed ▁three ▁minutes ▁after ▁take off . ▁It ▁fle w ▁left ▁into ▁the ▁hills ▁instead ▁of ▁right ▁towards ▁the ▁sea , ▁killing ▁all ▁ 3 0 ▁on ▁board . ▁ ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁a ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁Douglas ▁R 6 D - 1 ▁L ift master ▁transport ▁on ▁a ▁Military ▁Air ▁Transport ▁Service ▁flight ▁disappeared ▁over ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Ocean ▁during ▁a ▁flight ▁from ▁R AF ▁L aken he ath , ▁England , ▁to ▁La jes ▁Field ▁with ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁all ▁ 5 9 ▁people ▁on ▁board . ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁a ▁Venez uel an ▁Air ▁Force ▁C - 1 3 0 ▁Her cules ▁crash ed ▁while ▁attempting ▁an ▁emer gency ▁landing ▁during ▁H urr icane ▁Em my . ▁On ▁final ▁approach , ▁a ▁wind ▁g ust ▁sl ammed ▁the ▁aircraft ▁into ▁a ▁hill side , ▁killing ▁all ▁ 6 8 ▁people ▁ab o ard . ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁passengers ▁were ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁student ▁ch orus ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁University ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁in ▁Car ac as , ▁travel ing ▁to ▁Barcelona . ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁an ▁Anton ov ▁ 1 2 |
B P ▁operated ▁by ▁Air ▁Lux or ▁crash ed ▁on ▁take off ▁when ▁the ▁number ▁three ▁engine ▁shut ▁down ▁and ▁fe ather ed . ▁The ▁plane ▁then ▁ve ered ▁right , ▁st alled ▁and ▁crash ed ▁into ▁a ▁hill ▁killing ▁all ▁ 7 ▁on ▁board . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 4 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁Air ▁Trans at ▁Fl ight ▁ 2 3 6 , ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁Lis bon ▁from ▁Toronto , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada , ▁made ▁an ▁emer gency ▁landing ▁at ▁La jes ▁with ▁no ▁loss ▁of ▁life ▁( the ▁Air bus ▁A 3 3 0 ▁had ▁ 2 9 3 ▁passengers ▁and ▁ 1 3 ▁crew ▁members ▁on ▁board ), ▁after ▁running ▁out ▁of ▁fuel ▁over ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁and ▁gl iding ▁about ▁. ▁ ▁On ▁ 6 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Thom son ▁Air ways ▁Fl ight ▁ 1 5 7 ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁make ▁an ▁emer gency ▁landing ▁while ▁on ▁its ▁way ▁from ▁Puerto ▁Pl ata , ▁Domin ican ▁Republic ▁to ▁Manchester , ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁Thom son ▁Air ways ▁sp okes w omen ▁said ▁the ▁plane ▁encountered ▁" techn ical ▁difficulties ". ▁The ▁Bo eing ▁ 7 8 7 ▁Dream lin er ▁was ▁carrying ▁ 2 8 8 ▁passengers ▁and ▁ 8 ▁crew . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 6 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁British ▁Air ways ▁Fl ight ▁ 2 2 6 3 , ▁on ▁the ▁way ▁from ▁London - G at wick ▁to ▁King ston , ▁J ama |
ica , ▁made ▁an ▁un sch eduled ▁landing ▁due ▁to ▁an ▁argument ▁between ▁two ▁passengers ▁and ▁cabin ▁crew . ▁The ▁passengers ▁had ▁demanded ▁to ▁be ▁moved ▁from ▁economy ▁to ▁first ▁class . ▁The ▁flight ▁continued ▁after ▁the ▁passengers ▁were ▁made ▁to ▁dis emb ark ▁and ▁were ▁question ed ▁by ▁Portuguese ▁police . ▁ ▁Health ▁Conc ern s ▁Over ▁the ▁years , ▁there ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁sharp ▁increase ▁in ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁cancer ▁patients ▁in ▁the ▁island ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁impro per ▁dispos al ▁of ▁to xic ▁waste ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ' ▁military ▁and ▁the ▁poor ▁working ▁conditions ▁faced ▁by ▁Portuguese ▁lower - sk illed ▁workers . ▁This ▁has ▁led ▁to ▁local ▁protest s ▁and ▁dem ands ▁by ▁the ▁population ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁be ▁held ▁account able ▁and ▁has ▁become ▁an ▁important ▁issue ▁in ▁both ▁local ▁and ▁national ▁politics . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁A viation ▁in ▁the ▁Az ores ▁ ▁North ▁Atlantic ▁air ▁fer ry ▁route ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁ ▁Portugal ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁ ▁Portugal ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁ ▁Sat ellite ▁map ▁images ▁with ▁missing ▁or ▁unclear ▁data ▁ ▁References ▁Notes ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁▁▁ ▁R aven stein , ▁Charles ▁A ., ▁Air ▁Force ▁Com bat ▁W ings ▁Line age ▁and ▁Hon ors ▁Histor ies ▁ 1 9 4 7 - 1 9 7 7 , ▁Office ▁of ▁Air ▁Force ▁History , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Ter ce ira : ▁US ▁Congress ▁voted ▁oppos ing ▁limit ing ▁military ▁presence ▁in ▁La |
jes ▁– ▁Washington , ▁DC ▁La jes ▁Field ▁Official ▁Home ▁Page ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Forces ▁in ▁Europe ▁Air ▁M ob ility ▁Command ▁Air ▁Force ▁News ▁Agency ▁ 6 5 th ▁Air ▁Base ▁Wing ▁Global ▁Security ▁Air ▁Base ▁No . ▁ 4 ▁( BA 4 ) ▁at ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Force ▁official ▁website ▁Es quad ra ▁ 7 5 1 ▁or ▁ 7 5 1 ▁Squadron ▁" P um as " ▁( AW 1 0 1 ▁Mer lin ) ▁at ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Air ▁Force ▁official ▁website ▁Es quad ra ▁ 7 5 1 ▁official ▁site ▁First ▁trans at l antic ▁crossing ▁of ▁non - rig id ▁air ships ▁by ▁US N ▁B limp ▁Squadron ▁Z P - 1 4 ▁ ▁Category : Fields ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Force ▁La jes ▁Air ▁Base ▁Category : A ir fields ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Air ▁Forces ▁Air ▁Transport ▁Command ▁on ▁Atlantic ▁Ocean ▁islands ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁install ations ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁Portugal ▁Category : T er ce ira ▁Island ▁Category : Port ug uese ▁Air ▁Force ▁bases ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Pra ia ▁da ▁Vit ória <0x0A> </s> ▁Am é lie ▁Sim one ▁Ma ures mo ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 5 ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁French ▁retired ▁professional ▁tennis ▁player ▁and ▁former ▁world ▁No . ▁ 1 . ▁Ma ures mo ▁won ▁two ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁singles ▁titles , ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁and ▁at ▁W im ble don , ▁and ▁also ▁won |
▁the ▁silver ▁medal ▁in ▁singles ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁first ▁att ained ▁the ▁top ▁ranking ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁holding ▁it ▁for ▁five ▁weeks ▁on ▁that ▁occasion . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁fif teenth ▁World ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁in ▁women ' s ▁tennis ▁since ▁the ▁computer ▁rank ings ▁began . ▁She ▁is ▁well ▁known ▁for ▁her ▁powerful ▁one - hand ed ▁back hand ▁and ▁strong ▁net ▁play . ▁She ▁officially ▁announced ▁her ▁ret irement ▁from ▁professional ▁tennis ▁on ▁ 3 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ending ▁a ▁career ▁of ▁fifteen ▁years . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁she ▁started ▁her ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁coach ▁for ▁several ▁W TA ▁and ▁ATP ▁players , ▁including ▁Andy ▁Murray . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁International ▁Tennis ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Saint - G erm ain - en - L aye , ▁slightly ▁north west ▁of ▁Paris . ▁She ▁began ▁playing ▁tennis ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁four , ▁after ▁being ▁inspired ▁by ▁Y ann ick ▁No ah ' s ▁win ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁French ▁Open ▁on ▁television . ▁It ▁was ▁after ▁his ▁win ▁that ▁Ma ures mo ' s ▁parents ▁bought ▁her ▁her ▁first ▁tennis ▁ra cket . ▁Later ▁on ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁Y ann ick ▁No ah ▁picked ▁her ▁on |
▁the ▁French ▁team ▁for ▁the ▁Fed ▁Cup . ▁Her ▁mother ▁Fran ço ise ▁is ▁a ▁house w ife ▁and ▁her ▁father ▁Francis , ▁who ▁died ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁was ▁an ▁engineer . ▁She ▁has ▁a ▁brother , ▁Fab ien , ▁who ▁is ▁an ▁engineer . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁Ma ures mo ▁captured ▁both ▁the ▁junior ▁French ▁Open ▁and ▁W im ble don ▁women ' s ▁singles ▁titles . ▁She ▁was ▁named ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Junior ▁World ▁Champion ▁by ▁the ▁International ▁Tennis ▁Federation . ▁ ▁Player ▁career ▁The ▁un se eded ▁Ma ures mo ▁reached ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁final ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁with ▁wins ▁over ▁three ▁seed ed ▁players , ▁including ▁world ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁L inds ay ▁D aven port , ▁before ▁falling ▁to ▁world ▁no . ▁ 2 ▁Mart ina ▁H ing is . ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁only ▁the ▁second ▁French w oman ▁ever ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁final ; ▁( M ary ▁Pier ce ▁was ▁the ▁first , ▁winning ▁the ▁championship ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ). ▁She ▁was ▁only ▁the ▁third ▁French w oman ▁to ▁reach ▁any ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁final ▁during ▁the ▁Open ▁Era . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁defeated ▁H ing is ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁year , ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁Paris ▁ind oor ▁event . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁D aven port ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁Ma ures mo , ▁ 1 9 |
▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁came ▁out ▁as ▁gay ▁to ▁the ▁international ▁press . ▁She ▁" att ributed ▁her ▁success ▁on ▁the ▁court ▁to ▁coming ▁to ▁terms ▁with ▁her ▁sexual ity ▁and ▁finding ▁love ." ▁▁ 2 0 0 4 : ▁Olympic ▁Silver , ▁world ▁No . 1 ▁Ma ures mo ▁reached ▁the ▁semif inals ▁at ▁W im ble don , ▁where ▁she ▁lost ▁to ▁Ser ena ▁Williams ▁in ▁three ▁sets ▁after ▁winning ▁the ▁first ▁set ▁and ▁up ▁a ▁break ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁set . ▁She ▁reached ▁the ▁quarter final s ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁other ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁tournament s ▁and ▁won ▁three ▁Tier ▁I ▁titles ▁in ▁Rome , ▁Berlin , ▁and ▁Montreal . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁won ▁a ▁silver ▁medal ▁in ▁singles ▁at ▁the ▁Olympic ▁Games ▁in ▁Ath ens , ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁defeated ▁by ▁Belg ian ▁Just ine ▁Hen in ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Ma ures mo ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁French ▁tennis ▁player ▁to ▁become ▁world ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁since ▁the ▁computer ▁rank ings ▁began ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s . ▁She ▁held ▁that ▁ranking ▁for ▁five ▁weeks ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁woman , ▁after ▁Kim ▁C lij sters , ▁to ▁have ▁att ained ▁the ▁top ▁spot ▁without ▁having ▁won ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁title . ▁▁ 2 0 0 5 : ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁Championship ▁crown ▁Ma ures mo ▁reached ▁the ▁quarter - final s ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁but ▁was ▁defeated ▁there |
▁by ▁event ual ▁champion ▁Ser ena ▁Williams . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁French ▁Open , ▁seed ed ▁third , ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁ups et ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁round ▁by ▁the ▁then ▁little - known ▁ 1 7 - year - old ▁Ana ▁Ivan ov ic ▁of ▁Ser bia ▁in ▁three ▁sets . ▁Ma ures mo ▁had , ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁earlier ▁in ▁the ▁year , ▁become ▁the ▁first ▁player ▁to ▁defeat ▁the ▁Ser b ▁in ▁the ▁main ▁draw ▁of ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁tournament , ▁winning ▁in ▁straight ▁sets ▁also ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁round . Ma ures mo ▁through ▁after ▁second ▁set ▁t uss le , ▁ABC ▁News ▁( Austral ian ▁Broadcast ing ▁Corporation ) </ ref > ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁US ▁Open , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁quarter final s ▁to ▁Mary ▁Pier ce ▁in ▁straight ▁sets . ▁That ▁followed ▁a ▁semif inal ▁loss ▁to ▁L inds ay ▁D aven port ▁at ▁W im ble don . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁claimed ▁her ▁first ▁singles ▁title ▁at ▁the ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁Championships . ▁She ▁defeated ▁Pier ce ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁after ▁losing ▁to ▁Pier ce ▁in ▁a ▁round - ro bin ▁match ▁at ▁that ▁tournament , ▁in ▁three ▁sets . ▁▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁Two ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁titles , ▁back ▁to ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁At ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁Ma ures mo ▁captured ▁her ▁first ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁singles ▁title , ▁defe ating ▁Belg ian ▁former ▁world ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁players ▁Kim ▁C lij |
sters ▁and ▁Just ine ▁Hen in ▁en ▁route . ▁Both ▁oppon ents ▁retired ▁from ▁their ▁respective ▁matches , ▁C lij sters ▁with ▁a ▁right ▁an k le ▁sp rain ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁set ▁of ▁their ▁semif inal ▁and ▁Hen in ▁from ▁g astro enter itis ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁leading ▁in ▁both ▁matches ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁ret ire ments , ▁by ▁ 6 – 1 , ▁ 2 – 0 ▁against ▁Hen in . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁then ▁won ▁her ▁next ▁two ▁tournament s , ▁the ▁Open ▁Gaz ▁de ▁France ▁tournament ▁in ▁Paris ▁( de fe ating ▁Mary ▁Pier ce ▁in ▁the ▁final ) ▁and ▁the ▁Pro xim us ▁Diam ond ▁Games ▁in ▁Ant werp ▁( de fe ating ▁C lij sters ▁in ▁the ▁final ). ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁Q atar ▁Total ▁Open ▁in ▁D oh a , ▁Ma ures mo ▁defeated ▁Mart ina ▁H ing is ▁in ▁a ▁semif inal , ▁ 6 – 2 , ▁ 6 – 2 , ▁but ▁lost ▁to ▁Nad ia ▁Pet ro va ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁Had ▁she ▁won ▁the ▁final , ▁she ▁would ▁have ▁immediately ▁reg ained ▁the ▁world ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁ranking ▁from ▁C lij sters . ▁Non eth eless , ▁the ▁outcome ▁was ▁sufficient ▁to ▁ensure ▁Ma ures mo ' s ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁world ▁number - one ▁ranking ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁then ▁reached ▁the ▁semif inals ▁of ▁the ▁Sony ▁Eric sson |
▁Open ▁in ▁Key ▁B isc ay ne , ▁Florida , ▁where ▁she ▁lost ▁to ▁the ▁event ual ▁champion ▁S vet l ana ▁K uz net so va . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Open ▁to ▁Czech ▁te en ager ▁N icole ▁Va idi š ová , ▁ 6 – 7 , ▁ 6 – 1 , ▁ 6 – 2 . ▁Ma ures mo ▁next ▁suffered ▁a ▁first - round ▁loss ▁at ▁the ▁W im ble don ▁warm - up ▁tournament ▁in ▁East bourne . ▁However , ▁Ma ures mo ▁and ▁K uz net so va ▁won ▁the ▁doubles ▁title ▁there , ▁their ▁first ▁as ▁a ▁team ▁and ▁Ma ures mo ' s ▁second ▁overall . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁the ▁top ▁seed ▁at ▁W im ble don . ▁She ▁defeated ▁An ast asia ▁My sk ina ▁in ▁a ▁quarter final ▁and ▁Maria ▁Sh ar ap ova ▁in ▁a ▁semif inal , ▁and ▁then ▁came ▁back ▁from ▁one ▁set ▁down ▁to ▁defeat ▁Hen in ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁ 2 – 6 , ▁ 6 – 3 , ▁ 6 – 4 . ▁The ▁victory ▁was ▁Ma ures mo ' s ▁second ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁singles ▁title ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁on ▁grass . ▁She ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁first ▁French w oman ▁since ▁Su z anne ▁L eng len ▁to ▁win ▁W im ble don . ▁She ▁remains ▁the ▁most ▁recent ▁woman ▁to ▁win ▁W im ble don ▁with ▁a ▁single - hand ed ▁back hand . |
▁The ▁W im ble don ▁final ▁was ▁notable ▁because ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁only ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁de cade ▁that ▁neither ▁Williams ▁sister ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁final . ▁ ▁She ▁then ▁pulled ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁Fed ▁Cup ▁World ▁Group ▁I ▁play off ▁tie ▁against ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁gro in ▁injury ▁sust ained ▁during ▁W im ble don . ▁She ▁also ▁with d rew ▁from ▁the ▁Rog ers ▁Cup ▁in ▁Montreal . ▁ ▁Her ▁next ▁tournament ▁was ▁the ▁Pil ot ▁Pen ▁Tennis ▁tournament ▁in ▁New ▁H aven , ▁Connecticut , ▁where ▁she ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁quarter final s ▁to ▁L inds ay ▁D aven port , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 5 – 7 . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁US ▁Open , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁to ▁Sh ar ap ova ▁in ▁the ▁semif inals ▁ 0 – 6 , ▁ 6 – 4 , ▁ 0 – 6 . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁the ▁open ▁era ▁that ▁a ▁female ▁had ▁lost ▁two ▁sets ▁at ▁love ▁in ▁a ▁US ▁Open ▁semif inal . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁then ▁reached ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁China ▁Open , ▁losing ▁to ▁K uz net so va . ▁During ▁the ▁tournament , ▁Ma ures mo ▁won ▁ 1 3 7 ▁ranking ▁points ▁to ▁help ▁preserve ▁her ▁world ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁ranking ▁and ▁ended ▁a ▁nine - match ▁losing ▁stre ak ▁to ▁D aven port ▁stretch ing ▁back ▁to ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁in ▁Sydney . ▁ ▁To ▁conclude ▁the |
▁year , ▁Ma ures mo ▁reached ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁W TA ▁Tour ▁Championships ▁in ▁Madrid , ▁losing ▁to ▁Hen in , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 3 – 6 . ▁Ma ures mo ▁finished ▁the ▁year ▁ranked ▁world ▁No . ▁ 3 , ▁behind ▁Hen in ▁and ▁Sh ar ap ova . ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 : ▁Out ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁ 5 ▁Ma ures mo ▁started ▁the ▁year ▁in ▁Australia ▁with ▁a ▁quarter final ▁loss ▁to ▁J el ena ▁J ank ović ▁at ▁the ▁tournament ▁in ▁Sydney . ▁At ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁round ▁to ▁Luc ie ▁Š af ář ová , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 3 – 6 , ▁after ▁winning ▁her ▁first ▁three ▁matches ▁in ▁straight ▁sets . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ' s ▁next ▁tournament ▁was ▁the ▁Open ▁Gaz ▁de ▁France , ▁where ▁she ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁semif inals ▁to ▁Nad ia ▁Pet ro va , ▁ 7 – 5 , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 6 – 7 , ▁after ▁Ma ures mo ▁led ▁ 4 – 1 ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁set ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁match ▁point ▁in ▁the ▁tie break . ▁This ▁was ▁Ma ures mo ' s ▁third ▁loss ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁four ▁matches ▁with ▁Pet ro va . ▁In ▁her ▁next ▁tournament ▁at ▁the ▁Pro xim us ▁Diam ond ▁Games ▁in ▁Ant werp , ▁Belg ium , ▁Ma ures mo ▁defeated ▁Kim ▁C lij sters ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁This ▁was ▁Ma |
ures mo ' s ▁third ▁consecutive ▁title ▁there , ▁ear ning ▁her ▁the ▁diam ond - enc r usted ▁rac quet ▁that ▁comes ▁with ▁winning ▁the ▁title ▁at ▁least ▁three ▁times ▁in ▁five ▁years . ▁The ▁tro phy ▁cost ▁US $ 1 . 3 mill ion . ▁Ma ures mo ▁then ▁played ▁the ▁Dub ai ▁D ut y ▁Free ▁Women ' s ▁Open , ▁where ▁she ▁lost ▁to ▁Just ine ▁Hen in ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 6 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Ma ures mo ▁received ▁the ▁Che val ier ▁of ▁the ▁L ég ion ▁d ' honneur ▁from ▁President ▁Jacques ▁Chi rac . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁scheduled ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁Sony ▁Eric sson ▁Open ▁in ▁Key ▁B isc ay ne , ▁Florida , ▁but ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁withdraw ▁because ▁of ▁ac ute ▁append ic itis . ▁She ▁also ▁with d rew ▁from ▁the ▁B aus ch ▁& ▁Lomb ▁Championships ▁in ▁Am elia ▁Island , ▁Florida ▁for ▁the ▁same ▁reason . ▁Although ▁she ▁had ▁res umed ▁training , ▁she ▁was ▁not ▁fit ▁enough ▁to ▁comp ete ▁at ▁the ▁J ▁& ▁S ▁Cup ▁in ▁Wars aw , ▁Poland . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁Q atar ▁Tele com ▁German ▁Open ▁in ▁Berlin , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁round ▁to ▁Julia ▁V ak ulen ko ▁of ▁Ukraine , ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁Intern az ionali ▁d ' Italia ▁in ▁Rome , ▁she ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁to ▁Australian ▁Sam anth a ▁St os ur , |
▁ 7 – 5 , ▁ 7 – 6 ( 4 ), ▁ 6 – 7 ( 7 ), ▁after ▁Ma ures mo ▁led ▁ 5 – 3 ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁set . ▁Go ing ▁into ▁the ▁French ▁Open , ▁Ma ures mo ▁had ▁played ▁only ▁three ▁tournament s ▁since ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁February . ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁to ▁Czech ▁Luc ie ▁Š af ář ová ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁round , ▁ 3 – 6 , ▁ 6 – 7 ( 4 ), ▁comm itting ▁eight ▁double ▁fault s ▁and ▁ 4 9 ▁un for ced ▁errors . ▁ ▁After ▁losing ▁to ▁Hen in ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Women ' s ▁Open ▁in ▁East bourne , ▁ 5 – 7 , ▁ 7 – 6 , ▁ 6 – 7 , ▁after ▁being ▁up ▁ 4 – 1 ▁in ▁the ▁dec iding ▁set , ▁def ending ▁champion ▁Ma ures mo ▁went ▁into ▁W im ble don ▁saying ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁ready ▁to ▁win ▁another ▁major ▁title . ▁However , ▁she ▁lost ▁her ▁fourth ▁round ▁match ▁against ▁Czech ▁te en ▁N icole ▁Va idi š ová , ▁ 6 – 7 , ▁ 6 – 4 , ▁ 1 – 6 . ▁The ▁loss ▁dropped ▁her ▁to ▁world ▁No . ▁ 6 , ▁her ▁first ▁time ▁outside ▁the ▁top ▁five ▁since ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁with d rew ▁from ▁the ▁last ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁tournament ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁the ▁US ▁Open , ▁because |
▁of ▁a ▁lack ▁of ▁fit ness . ▁ ▁She ▁made ▁her ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁tour ▁at ▁the ▁China ▁Open ▁in ▁Be ij ing . ▁However , ▁she ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁quarter final s ▁to ▁home - c row d ▁favour ite ▁P eng ▁Sh u ai . ▁She ▁then ▁entered ▁the ▁Por sche ▁Tennis ▁Grand ▁Prix , ▁where ▁she ▁lost ▁to ▁El ena ▁D ement ie va ▁in ▁straight ▁sets . ▁At ▁the ▁Kre ml in ▁Cup ▁in ▁Moscow , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁to ▁V era ▁Z von are va . ▁In ▁Zürich , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁to ▁Al ona ▁Bond aren ko ▁in ▁three ▁sets . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁left ▁Dun lop ▁for ▁HE AD ▁rac qu ets . ▁The ▁partners hip ▁was ▁to ▁run ▁through ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 : ▁Sh adow ▁of ▁the ▁champion ▁ ▁Her ▁first ▁tournament ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁was ▁the ▁Tier ▁III ▁Mond ial ▁Australian ▁Women ' s ▁Hard c our ts ▁in ▁Gold ▁Coast , ▁Australia , ▁where ▁she ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁quarter final s ▁to ▁fourth - se eded ▁Pat ty ▁Sch ny der . ▁At ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁in ▁Melbourne , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁round ▁to ▁Australian ▁Case y ▁D ella c qua , ▁ 6 – 3 , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 4 – 6 . ▁ ▁At ▁her ▁next ▁tournament , ▁the ▁Tier ▁II ▁Open ▁Gaz ▁de ▁France |
▁in ▁Paris , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁quarter final s ▁to ▁Anna ▁Ch ak vet ad ze , ▁ 6 – 3 , ▁ 3 – 6 , ▁ 3 – 6 . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁played ▁both ▁tournament s ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁East . ▁At ▁the ▁Tier ▁I ▁Q atar ▁Total ▁Open ▁in ▁D oh a , ▁she ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁to ▁T amar ine ▁Tan as ug arn , ▁ 6 – 7 , ▁ 5 – 7 . ▁At ▁the ▁Tier ▁II ▁Bar cl ays ▁Dub ai ▁Tennis ▁Championships , ▁Ma ures mo ▁reached ▁her ▁third ▁quarter final ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁but ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁hold ▁off ▁second ▁seed ▁and ▁event ual ▁final ist ▁S vet l ana ▁K uz net so va , ▁losing ▁ 1 – 6 , ▁ 6 – 7 . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁then ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁round ▁of ▁Tier - I ▁events , ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Life ▁Open ▁in ▁Indian ▁Well s ▁and ▁the ▁Sony ▁Eric sson ▁Open ▁in ▁Key ▁B isc ay ne . ▁ ▁On ▁cl ay ▁at ▁the ▁B aus ch ▁& ▁Lomb ▁Championships ▁in ▁Am elia ▁Island , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁quarter final s ▁to ▁event ual ▁runner - up ▁Domin ika ▁C ib ulk ová . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁French ▁Open , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁to ▁a ▁Spanish ▁qual ifier , ▁Car la ▁Su á rez ▁Navar ro , ▁ 3 – 6 , |
▁ 4 – 6 . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁International ▁Women ' s ▁Open ▁in ▁East bourne , ▁Ma ures mo ▁defeated ▁sixth - se eded ▁French ▁woman ▁Al iz é ▁Cor net ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round , ▁ 6 – 1 , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 7 – 5 , ▁but ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁after ▁ret iring ▁due ▁to ▁injury ▁from ▁her ▁match ▁with ▁Australian ▁Sam anth a ▁St os ur ▁while ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁leading ▁ 2 – 1 . ▁ ▁At ▁W im ble don , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁round ▁to ▁two - time ▁former ▁champion ▁Ser ena ▁Williams , ▁ 6 – 7 , ▁ 1 – 6 . ▁Ham per ed ▁by ▁a ▁th igh ▁injury , ▁Ma ures mo ▁tra iled ▁ 5 – 0 ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁set ▁before ▁breaking ▁Williams ' s ▁serve , ▁only ▁to ▁be ▁broken ▁herself ▁in ▁the ▁next ▁game ▁and ▁lose ▁the ▁match . ▁Ma ures mo ▁said ▁after ▁the ▁match , ▁" I ▁was ▁not ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁in ▁my ▁movement ▁but ▁overall ▁I ▁thought ▁there ▁were ▁some ▁good ▁moments ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁set . ▁But ▁I ▁really ▁started ▁to ▁feel ▁the ▁injury ▁in ▁the ▁tie break , ▁and ▁I ' m ▁not ▁going ▁to ▁talk ▁about ▁the ▁second ▁set ." ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁decl ined ▁the ▁nom ination ▁by ▁the ▁French ▁Tennis ▁Federation ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁Olympic ▁Games ▁after ▁Mary ▁Pier ce ▁with d rew . ▁Paul |
ine ▁Par ment ier ▁was ▁then ▁nominated . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo , ▁after ▁a ▁two - month ▁hi atus ▁from ▁tennis ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁th igh ▁injury ▁sust ained ▁at ▁W im ble don , ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁semif inals ▁of ▁the ▁Western ▁& ▁Southern ▁Fin an cial ▁Group ▁Women ' s ▁Open ▁in ▁C inc inn ati , ▁Ohio ▁to ▁N ath al ie ▁De chy , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 6 – 3 , ▁ 2 – 6 . ▁After ▁the ▁match , ▁Ma ures mo , ▁sound ing ▁optim istic ▁about ▁her ▁ch ances ▁at ▁the ▁up coming ▁US ▁Open , ▁said ▁" I ▁got ▁four ▁matches ▁in ▁this ▁week , ▁which ▁is ▁what ▁I ▁was ▁looking ▁for . ▁It ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁great ▁to ▁play ▁five ▁but ▁I ' ll ▁go ▁to ▁New ▁H aven ▁( Connect icut ) ▁hoping ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁little ▁more ▁rh ythm ▁and ▁build ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁US ▁Open ." ▁Ma ures mo ▁then ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁semif inals ▁of ▁the ▁Pil ot ▁Pen ▁Tennis ▁tournament ▁( in ▁New ▁H aven ) ▁to ▁top - se eded ▁Ch ak vet ad ze ▁ 6 – 3 , ▁ 3 – 6 , ▁ 6 – 1 . ▁At ▁the ▁US ▁Open , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁round ▁to ▁ 1 6 th - se eded ▁F lav ia ▁Pen net ta ▁ 6 – 3 , ▁ 6 – 0 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 9 ▁September , |
▁Ma ures mo ▁announced ▁that ▁she ▁would ▁split ▁from ▁her ▁long - time ▁coach , ▁Lo ï c ▁Cour te au . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁at ▁Tokyo ▁and ▁Be ij ing , ▁both ▁times ▁in ▁long ▁three - set ▁defe ats ▁by ▁Domin ika ▁C ib ulk ová . ▁She ▁reached ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁in ▁Moscow , ▁falling ▁to ▁Din ara ▁Saf ina , ▁ 7 – 6 , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁and ▁fell ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁at ▁Zur ich ▁to ▁Bel arus ian ▁te en ager ▁Victoria ▁Az aren ka . ▁ ▁She ▁ended ▁her ▁year ▁with ▁a ▁quarter final ▁result ▁at ▁Luxemb ourg , ▁losing ▁to ▁event ual ▁champion ▁El ena ▁D ement ie va . ▁Ma ures mo ▁ended ▁the ▁year ▁ranked ▁world ▁No . ▁ 2 4 , ▁with ▁a ▁singles ▁record ▁of ▁ 3 2 – 1 9 . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 : ▁Final ▁year ▁and ▁ret irement ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁Br is b ane ▁International ▁tournament , ▁Ma ures mo ▁defeated ▁world ▁no . ▁ 1 7 7 ▁J el ena ▁Dok ić ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round , ▁ 7 – 6 , ▁ 7 – 6 , ▁before ▁defe ating ▁French ▁compat ri ot ▁Jul ie ▁Co in ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round , ▁ 5 – 7 , ▁ 6 – 2 , ▁ 7 – 6 ▁in ▁ 3 ▁hours , ▁ 1 4 ▁minutes . ▁The ▁fifth - |
se eded ▁Ma ures mo ▁then ▁defeated ▁top - se eded ▁Ana ▁Ivan ov ic ▁in ▁the ▁quarter final s , ▁before ▁ret iring ▁in ▁her ▁semif inal ▁match ▁against ▁third - se eded ▁Mar ion ▁Bart oli , ▁while ▁trailing ▁ 0 – 4 ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁set . ▁At ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁round ▁to ▁Victoria ▁Az aren ka . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁won ▁her ▁first ▁tournament ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁by ▁defe ating ▁El ena ▁D ement ie va ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁of ▁the ▁Open ▁Gaz ▁de ▁France ▁tournament ▁in ▁Paris . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁B NP ▁Par ib as ▁Open ▁in ▁Indian ▁Well s , ▁California , ▁the ▁first ▁Premier ▁Mand atory ▁event ▁of ▁the ▁year , ▁to ▁Li ▁Na , ▁ 5 – 7 , ▁ 2 – 6 . ▁The ▁next ▁event ▁on ▁the ▁W TA ▁tour ▁was ▁another ▁Premier ▁Mand atory ▁tournament , ▁the ▁Sony ▁Eric sson ▁Open ▁in ▁Key ▁B isc ay ne , ▁Florida . ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁seed ed ▁ 2 0 th ▁there ▁and ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁round ▁to ▁un se eded ▁Sam anth a ▁St os ur , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁but ▁ended ▁up ▁winning ▁the ▁doubles ▁event ▁with ▁her ▁tennis ▁partner ▁S vet l ana ▁K uz net so va , ▁after ▁ou st ing ▁the ▁world ▁champions ▁on ▁their ▁way ▁to ▁the |
▁cup . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁Madrid ▁Masters , ▁Ma ures mo ▁defeated ▁Zh eng ▁J ie ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round , ▁ 6 – 2 , ▁ 7 – 5 . ▁She ▁then ▁came ▁from ▁behind ▁to ▁defeat ▁El ena ▁D ement ie va , ▁ 1 – 6 , ▁ 6 – 4 , ▁ 6 – 2 , ▁and ▁Á g nes ▁Sz áv ay , ▁ 5 – 7 , ▁ 6 – 1 , ▁ 6 – 1 , ▁in ▁the ▁third ▁round ▁and ▁quarter final ▁respectively . ▁She ▁lost ▁against ▁fast - ris ing ▁te en ager ▁star ▁Caroline ▁W oz nia cki , ▁ 6 – 7 , ▁ 3 – 6 , ▁in ▁the ▁semif inals . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁lost ▁against ▁Anna - L ena ▁Gr ö ne feld , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 3 – 6 , ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Open . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁seed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁W im ble don ▁Championships . ▁She ▁opened ▁with ▁a ▁ 6 – 1 , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 6 – 2 ▁win ▁over ▁Mel inda ▁Cz ink . ▁She ▁then ▁defeated ▁Krist ína ▁Ku č ová ▁and ▁F lav ia ▁Pen net ta . ▁Her ▁fourth ▁round ▁match ▁against ▁the ▁first ▁seed ▁Din ara ▁Saf ina ▁became ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁tennis ▁history ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁compet itive ▁match ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁new |
, ▁mult im ill ion - p ound ▁roof ▁closed ▁due ▁to ▁rain . ▁Ma ures mo ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁lose ▁the ▁match , ▁ 6 – 4 , ▁ 3 – 6 , ▁ 4 – 6 . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁US ▁Open , ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁seed , ▁but ▁lost ▁to ▁un se eded ▁Aleks andra ▁W oz nia k , ▁ 4 – 6 , ▁ 0 – 6 , ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁round . ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁announced ▁at ▁a ▁press ▁conference ▁on ▁ 8 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁considering ▁ret iring ▁from ▁tennis . ▁On ▁ 3 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁she ▁officially ▁announced ▁her ▁ret irement ▁at ▁a ▁press ▁conference ▁in ▁Paris . ▁She ▁ended ▁her ▁career ▁ranked ▁World ▁No . ▁ 2 1 . ▁ ▁Co aching ▁career ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 – 2 0 1 1 ▁In ▁June ▁and ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Ma ures mo ▁tempor arily ▁co ached ▁fellow ▁French ▁player ▁Mich a ël ▁L l od ra ▁during ▁the ▁grass ▁season . ▁On ▁ 7 ▁November , ▁Ma ures mo ▁ran ▁her ▁first ▁mar athon ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Mar athon , ▁finishing ▁ 3 hr : ▁ 4 0 m : ▁ 2 0 s . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁French ▁Open , ▁Ma ures mo ▁was |
▁set ▁to ▁be ▁reun ited ▁with ▁L l od ra , ▁making ▁her ▁professional ▁return ▁in ▁the ▁mixed ▁doubles ▁competition , ▁but ▁was ▁dis qual ified ▁before ▁compet ing , ▁as ▁she ▁had ▁not ▁re - register ed ▁for ▁the ▁anti - d op ing ▁procedures ▁required ▁to ▁comp ete ▁on ▁the ▁tour . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Ma ures mo ▁joined ▁forces ▁with ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁Champion ▁and ▁then - World ▁No . 1 ▁Victoria ▁Az aren ka ▁and ▁her ▁team ▁as ▁a ▁support ▁coach ▁to ▁help ▁the ▁Bel arus ian ▁in ▁def ending ▁her ▁World ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁ranking ▁and ▁launch ing ▁an ▁assault ▁on ▁the ▁remaining ▁three ▁Grand ▁Sl ams ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Olympics . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Ma ures mo ▁started ▁co aching ▁French ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁Mar ion ▁Bart oli , ▁joining ▁forces ▁with ▁her ▁shortly ▁before ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁W im ble don ▁Championships . ▁Under ▁her ▁tut el age , ▁Bart oli ▁would ▁win ▁her ▁first ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁title ▁there ▁without ▁dro pping ▁a ▁set ▁( or ▁even ▁playing ▁a ▁tie break ▁set ), ▁and ▁cred ited ▁her ▁for ▁her ▁career ▁rev ival ▁( ent ering ▁these ▁Championships , ▁Bart oli ▁had ▁yet ▁to ▁even ▁reach ▁a ▁semi - final ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ). ▁▁ 2 |
0 1 4 – 2 0 1 6 ▁On ▁ 8 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁announced ▁as ▁the ▁new ▁coach ▁of ▁Andy ▁Murray . ▁In ▁December ▁the ▁F FT ▁announced ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁extending ▁Ma ures mo ' s ▁Fed ▁Cup ▁contract ▁for ▁another ▁two ▁years . ▁Under ▁her ▁co aching ▁Murray ▁reached ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open ▁final ▁but ▁he ▁lost ▁to ▁Nov ak ▁Dj ok ov ic ▁in ▁four ▁sets . ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Ma ures mo ▁o vers aw ▁Murray ' s ▁first ▁career ▁titles ▁on ▁cl ay , ▁including ▁the ▁Madrid ▁Masters , ▁which ▁cul min ated ▁in ▁a ▁first ▁ever ▁cl ay ▁court ▁victory ▁over ▁Rafael ▁Nad al . ▁Murray ▁also ▁reached ▁the ▁semi - final s ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Open ▁and ▁W im ble don . ▁On ▁ 9 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Ma ures mo ▁announced ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁stepped ▁down ▁as ▁Murray ' s ▁coach . ▁ ▁Sim ult ane ously , ▁she ▁had ▁capt ained ▁the ▁France ▁Fed ▁Cup ▁team ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁After ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁final , ▁which ▁they ▁lost ▁to ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic , ▁she ▁announced ▁she ▁was ▁qu itting ▁that ▁post ▁due ▁to ▁her ▁pre gn ancy . ▁▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁she ▁was ▁appointed ▁captain ▁of ▁the ▁France ▁Davis ▁Cup ▁team ▁for ▁the ▁following ▁season . ▁Nevertheless , ▁she ▁never ▁came |
▁to ▁ful fill ▁this ▁position , ▁since ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁she ▁ren ounced ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁coach ▁French ▁player ▁Lucas ▁P ou ille ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁season . ▁▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Under ▁Ma ures mo ' s ▁co aching , ▁P ou ille , ▁who ▁had ▁never ▁previously ▁won ▁a ▁match ▁at ▁the ▁Australian ▁Open , ▁reached ▁the ▁semif inals ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁edition , ▁where ▁he ▁lost ▁to ▁event ual ▁champion ▁Nov ak ▁Dj ok ov ic . ▁ ▁Performance ▁at ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁tournament s ▁Although ▁Ma ures mo ▁had ▁been ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁singles ▁players ▁for ▁several ▁years , ▁she ▁did ▁not ▁have ▁success ▁in ▁winning ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁tournament s ▁until ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁critic ized ▁for ▁her ▁mental ▁strength ▁after ▁succ umb ing ▁to ▁n erves ▁in ▁those ▁events . ▁In ▁consecutive ▁W im ble don ▁semif inals , ▁she ▁lost ▁to ▁Ser ena ▁Williams ▁and ▁L inds ay ▁D aven port ▁after ▁leading ▁comfort ably . ▁Before ▁her ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Australian ▁Open ▁title , ▁Ma ures mo ▁was ▁often ▁tout ed ▁as ▁" the ▁greatest ▁women ' s ▁player ▁never ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ." ▁After ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁W im ble don ▁title , ▁Ma ures mo ▁open ly ▁j oked , ▁" I ▁don ' t ▁want ▁anyone ▁to ▁talk ▁about ▁my ▁n erves ▁any |
▁more ." ▁ ▁Ma ures mo ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁several ▁tennis ▁players , ▁male ▁or ▁female , ▁to ▁have ▁reached ▁the ▁top ▁ranking ▁without ▁first ▁winning ▁a ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁singles ▁title . ▁Other ▁players ▁who ▁had ▁done ▁so ▁were ▁Kim ▁C lij sters , ▁Ivan ▁L endl , ▁Marcel o ▁R íos , ▁J el ena ▁J ank ović , ▁Din ara ▁Saf ina , ▁Caroline ▁W oz nia cki , ▁Kar ol ina ▁Pl isk ova ▁and ▁Sim ona ▁H ale p . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Ma ures mo ▁announced ▁via ▁Twitter ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁pre gn ant ▁and ▁expecting ▁the ▁baby ▁in ▁August . ▁On ▁ 1 6 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁given ▁birth ▁to ▁a ▁baby ▁boy . ▁She ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁her ▁daughter , ▁Ay la , ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Equ ip ment ▁and ▁end ors ements ▁Ma ures mo ' s ▁app arel ▁and ▁foot we ar ▁on ▁court ▁was ▁manufact ured ▁by ▁N ike , ▁and ▁later ▁Re eb ok . ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 0 s , ▁she ▁used ▁Dun lop ▁ 2 0 0 G + 1 . 0 0 ▁rac quet . ▁ ▁Major ▁final s ▁ ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁final s ▁ ▁Singles : ▁ 3 ▁( 2 ▁titles , ▁ 1 ▁runner - up ) ▁ ▁Dou bles : ▁ 1 ▁( 1 ▁runner - |
up ) ▁ ▁Olympic ▁final s ▁ ▁Singles : ▁ 1 ▁silver ▁medal ▁ ▁Fed ▁Cup ▁and ▁Olympic ▁teams ▁ ▁French ▁Fed ▁Cup ▁team : ▁ 1 9 9 8 – 9 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 – 0 5 . ▁ ▁French ▁Olympic ▁team : ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Grand ▁S lam ▁Women ' s ▁Singles ▁champions ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Austral ian ▁Open ▁( ten nis ) ▁champions ▁Category : F rench ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Switzerland ▁Category : F rench ▁female ▁tennis ▁players ▁Category : F rench ▁Open ▁junior ▁champions ▁Category : F rench ▁tennis ▁coach es ▁Category : H op man ▁Cup ▁compet itors ▁Category : La ure us ▁World ▁Sports ▁Awards ▁w inners ▁Category : L GB T ▁sports people ▁from ▁France ▁Category : Les bian ▁sport sw omen ▁Category : L GB T ▁tennis ▁players ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁medal ists ▁in ▁tennis ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁silver ▁medal ists ▁for ▁France ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁tennis ▁players ▁of ▁France ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Gene va ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Saint - G erm ain - en - L aye ▁Category : T ennis ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : T ennis ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 |
4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : W im ble don ▁champions ▁Category : W im ble don ▁junior ▁champions ▁Category : World ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁tennis ▁players ▁Category : Gr and ▁S lam ▁( ten nis ) ▁champions ▁in ▁women ' s ▁singles ▁Category : Gr and ▁S lam ▁( ten nis ) ▁champions ▁in ▁girls ' ▁singles ▁Category : Gr and ▁S lam ▁( ten nis ) ▁champions ▁in ▁girls ' ▁doubles ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Intern ational ▁Tennis ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁induct ees <0x0A> </s> ▁D war f ▁or ▁d war ves ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Common ▁uses ▁D war f ▁( my th ology ), ▁a ▁being ▁from ▁German ic ▁myth ology ▁and ▁fol kl ore ▁ ▁D war f , ▁a ▁person ▁or ▁animal ▁with ▁d war f ism ▁ ▁Arts , ▁entertain ment , ▁and ▁media ▁ ▁F ict ional ▁entities ▁D war f ▁( D unge ons ▁& ▁Drag ons ), ▁a ▁hum ano id ▁race ▁D war f ▁( Middle - ear th ), ▁a ▁hum ano id ▁race ▁in ▁J . ▁R . ▁R . ▁Tol k ien ' s ▁literature ▁D war f ▁( W ar ham mer ), ▁a ▁hum ano id ▁race ▁D war fs ▁( Dis c world ), ▁a ▁race ▁of ▁characters ▁D war ves ▁( Ar tem is ▁F ow l ), ▁a ▁race ▁of ▁characters ▁D war ves ▁( W arc raft ), ▁a ▁short |
, ▁strong ▁race ▁D war ves ▁( Mar vel ▁Comics ) ▁ ▁Liter ature ▁The ▁D war f ▁( Cho ▁Se - hui ▁novel ), ▁a ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁novel ▁by ▁Cho ▁Se - hui ▁The ▁D war f ▁( L ager kv ist ▁novel ), ▁a ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁novel ▁by ▁P är ▁L ager kv ist ▁ ▁Other ▁arts , ▁entertain ment , ▁and ▁media ▁D war fs ? ! ▁( video ▁game ) ▁D war ves ▁( band ), ▁American ▁punk ▁band ▁K iller ▁D war fs , ▁Canadian ▁heavy ▁metal ▁band ▁W roc ław ' s ▁d war fs , ▁small ▁sculpt ures ▁in ▁W roc ław , ▁Poland ▁ ▁Cos m ology ▁D war f ▁galax y , ▁in ▁cosm ology ▁D war f ▁planet , ▁in ▁cosm ology ▁ ▁Other ▁uses ▁D war f , ▁Kentucky ▁D W AR F , ▁a ▁debugging ▁data ▁format ▁P Y G MI ES ▁+ ▁D W AR FS ▁arguments ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁D war f ▁star ▁( disambiguation ) ▁D war ven ▁language ▁( disambiguation ) ▁ ▁( including ▁many ▁cross - re ferences ▁from ▁common ▁names ▁of ▁plants ▁or ▁animals ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Child ▁sexual ▁ab use , ▁also ▁called ▁child ▁mol est ation , ▁is ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁child ▁ab use ▁in ▁which ▁an ▁adult ▁or ▁older ▁ad oles cent ▁uses ▁a ▁child ▁for ▁sexual ▁stim ulation . ▁Form s ▁of ▁child ▁sexual ▁ab use ▁include ▁eng aging ▁in ▁sexual ▁activities ▁with ▁a ▁child |
▁( wh ether ▁by ▁asking ▁or ▁press uring , ▁or ▁by ▁other ▁means ), ▁inde cent ▁expos ure ▁( of ▁the ▁gen it als , ▁female ▁ni pp les , ▁etc .), ▁child ▁gro oming , ▁child ▁sexual ▁explo itation ▁ ▁or ▁using ▁a ▁child ▁to ▁produce ▁ ▁child ▁por n ography . ▁ ▁Child ▁sexual ▁ab use ▁can ▁occur ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁settings , ▁including ▁home , ▁school , ▁or ▁work ▁( in ▁places ▁where ▁child ▁labor ▁is ▁common ). ▁Child ▁marriage ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁forms ▁of ▁child ▁sexual ▁ab use ; ▁UN ICE F ▁has ▁stated ▁that ▁child ▁marriage ▁" re pres ents ▁perhaps ▁the ▁most ▁pre val ent ▁form ▁of ▁sexual ▁ab use ▁and ▁explo itation ▁of ▁girls ". ▁The ▁effects ▁of ▁child ▁sexual ▁ab use ▁can ▁include ▁de pression , ▁post - tra um atic ▁stress ▁dis order , ▁anx iety , ▁complex ▁post - tra um atic ▁stress ▁dis order , ▁prop ens ity ▁to ▁further ▁victim ization ▁in ▁ad ul th ood , ▁and ▁physical ▁injury ▁to ▁the ▁child , ▁among ▁other ▁problems . ▁Sex ual ▁ab use ▁by ▁a ▁family ▁member ▁is ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁inc est ▁and ▁can ▁result ▁in ▁more ▁serious ▁and ▁long - term ▁psych ological ▁tra uma , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁parent al ▁inc est . ▁ ▁The ▁global ▁pre val ence ▁of ▁child ▁sexual ▁ab use ▁has ▁been ▁estimated ▁at ▁ 1 9 . 7 % ▁for ▁females ▁and ▁ 7 . 9 % ▁for ▁males |
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