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▁then ▁the ▁k urt osis ▁of ▁the ▁sample ▁distribution ▁devi ates ▁significantly ▁from ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁normal ▁distribution . ▁ ▁For ▁instance , ▁a ▁daily ▁process ▁should ▁expect ▁a ▁ 3 σ ▁event ▁once ▁per ▁year ▁( of ▁calendar ▁days ; ▁once ▁every ▁year ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁of ▁business ▁days ), ▁while ▁a ▁ 4 σ ▁event ▁happens ▁on ▁average ▁every ▁ 4 0 ▁years ▁of ▁calendar ▁days , ▁ 6 0 ▁years ▁of ▁business ▁days ▁( once ▁in ▁a ▁lifetime ), ▁ 5 σ ▁events ▁happen ▁every ▁ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁years ▁( once ▁in ▁recorded ▁history ), ▁and ▁ 6 σ ▁events ▁happen ▁every ▁ 1 . 5 ▁million ▁years ▁( ess entially ▁never ). ▁Thus ▁if ▁the ▁sample ▁ext re ma ▁are ▁ 6 ▁sig mas ▁from ▁the ▁mean , ▁one ▁has ▁a ▁significant ▁failure ▁of ▁normal ity . ▁ ▁Further , ▁this ▁test ▁is ▁very ▁easy ▁to ▁communicate ▁without ▁involved ▁statistics . ▁ ▁These ▁tests ▁of ▁normal ity ▁can ▁be ▁applied ▁if ▁one ▁faces ▁k urt osis ▁risk , ▁for ▁instance . ▁ ▁Ext reme ▁value ▁theory ▁ ▁Sample ▁ext re ma ▁play ▁two ▁main ▁roles ▁in ▁extreme ▁value ▁theory : ▁ ▁first ly , ▁they ▁give ▁a ▁lower ▁bound ▁on ▁extreme ▁events ▁– ▁events ▁can ▁be ▁at ▁least ▁this ▁extreme , ▁and ▁for ▁this ▁size ▁sample ; ▁ ▁second ly , ▁they ▁can ▁sometimes ▁be ▁used ▁in ▁estim ators ▁of ▁probability ▁of ▁more ▁extreme ▁events . ▁However , ▁ca ution ▁must ▁be ▁used ▁in ▁using ▁sample |
▁ext re ma ▁as ▁gu idel ines : ▁in ▁heavy - ta iled ▁distributions ▁or ▁for ▁non - station ary ▁processes , ▁extreme ▁events ▁can ▁be ▁significantly ▁more ▁extreme ▁than ▁any ▁previously ▁observed ▁event . ▁This ▁is ▁elabor ated ▁in ▁black ▁sw an ▁theory . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Max ima ▁and ▁min ima ▁ ▁Category : Summary ▁statistics <0x0A> </s> ▁Ess en wood ▁is ▁a ▁central ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Dur ban , ▁K wa Z ulu - N atal , ▁South ▁Africa . ▁It ▁is ▁admin ister ed ▁by ▁the ▁e The kw ini ▁Metropolitan ▁Municip ality . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Sub ur bs ▁of ▁Dur ban <0x0A> </s> ▁N uc le op or in ▁ 3 7 ▁( N up 3 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁protein ▁that ▁in ▁humans ▁is ▁encoded ▁by ▁the ▁N UP 3 7 ▁gene . ▁ ▁Function ▁ ▁Transport ▁of ▁mac rom ole cules ▁between ▁the ▁cy top las m ▁and ▁nucle us ▁occurs ▁through ▁nuclear ▁p ore ▁complex es ▁( N PC s ) ▁embedded ▁in ▁the ▁nuclear ▁en velope . ▁N PC s ▁are ▁composed ▁of ▁sub comple xes , ▁and ▁N UP 3 7 ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁one ▁such ▁sub complex , ▁N up 1 0 7 - 1 6 0 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : N uc lear ▁p ore ▁complex <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁I ps wich ▁R angers , ▁is ▁a ▁rugby ▁union ▁football ▁club ▁located ▁in ▁I ps wich , ▁Queensland , ▁Australia . ▁The ▁club ▁currently ▁compet |
es ▁in ▁the ▁top ▁division ▁of ▁the ▁Queensland ▁Sub urban ▁competition ▁for ▁the ▁Bar ber ▁and ▁Peg g ▁Cu ps , ▁and ▁previously ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁Br is b ane ▁Prem iers hip ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁Queensland ▁Premier ▁Rugby . ▁The ▁I ps wich ▁R angers ▁play ▁their ▁home ▁matches ▁at ▁Wood end ▁Park , ▁and ▁the ▁team ▁we ars ▁a ▁green ▁and ▁white ▁strip . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁original ▁I ps wich ▁R angers ▁Rugby ▁Club ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 8 8 6 , ▁and ▁played ▁a ▁Com b ined ▁Br is b ane ▁team ▁a ▁month ▁later . ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁the ▁R angers ▁won ▁the ▁Hard gra ve ▁Challenge ▁Cup ▁for ▁the ▁premi ership ▁of ▁the ▁Col ony ▁of ▁Queensland , ▁defe ating ▁the ▁W ander ers ▁club ▁of ▁Br is b ane ▁in ▁the ▁dec iding ▁match ▁by ▁ 5 ▁points ▁to ▁ 2 . ▁The ▁I ps wich ▁R angers ▁also ▁played ▁the ▁first ▁tour ing ▁British ▁rugby ▁team ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 8 . ▁But ▁by ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁the ▁club ▁was ▁not ▁able ▁to ▁regularly ▁field ▁a ▁team ▁and ▁began ▁to ▁for fe it ▁matches . ▁Other ▁rugby ▁sides ▁were ▁then ▁formed ▁in ▁I ps wich , ▁including ▁the ▁A then ian ▁Club , ▁B ells ▁Football ▁Club , ▁Race view , ▁and ▁the ▁City ▁Football ▁Club . ▁ ▁The ▁present ▁I ps wich ▁R angers ▁Rugby ▁Club ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁I |
ps wich ▁won ▁their ▁first ▁senior ▁tro phy ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁defe ating ▁Sur fers ▁Parad ise ▁by ▁ 3 8 - 4 ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Sunday ▁Tr uth ▁Sh ield ▁for ▁the ▁Queensland ▁Sub - d istrict s ▁A - grade ▁competition . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁the ▁club ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁ ▁the ▁Br is b ane ▁Prem iers hip ▁and ▁the ▁A - grade ▁team ▁defeated ▁the ▁reign ing ▁premiers ▁University ▁of ▁Queensland ▁by ▁ 2 1 - 1 9 ▁at ▁Wood end ▁Park , ▁but ▁that ▁was ▁the ▁team ' s ▁only ▁win ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁The ▁I ps wich ▁first ▁team ▁played ▁through ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁season ▁und efe ated ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Sub - d istrict s ▁A - grade ▁competition ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁two ▁seasons ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁claim ▁three ▁titles ▁in ▁a ▁row . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁rest y led ▁Queensland ▁Sub urban ▁Rugby ▁Union ▁competition , ▁I ps wich ▁R angers ▁won ▁the ▁Bar ber ▁Cup ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁club ▁won ▁the ▁title ▁again ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁defe ating ▁W yn num ▁B ugs ▁by ▁ 3 3 - 2 6 ▁in ▁the ▁grand ▁final ▁at ▁B ally more . ▁ ▁International ▁players ▁Form er ▁Australian ▁international ▁player , ▁and ▁AR U ▁president , ▁Paul ▁Mc Le an ▁played ▁for ▁the |
▁I ps wich ▁R angers ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 7 0 s . ▁ ▁New ▁Ze al ander ▁Mak ▁F atial of a , ▁a ▁former ▁Junior ▁All ▁Black s ▁representative , ▁played ▁for ▁I ps wich ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁Queensland ▁Prem iers hip ▁( N or thern ▁Rugby ▁Union ) ▁ ▁Hard gra ve ▁Cup : ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁ ▁Queensland ▁Sub - d istrict s ▁Rugby ▁Union ▁ ▁A - grade ▁Prem iers ▁( S und ay ▁Tr uth ▁Sh ield ): ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁ ▁Queensland ▁Sub urban ▁Rugby ▁Union ▁- ▁First ▁Division ▁ ▁First ▁grade ▁Prem iers ▁( Bar ber ▁Cup ): ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁I ps wich ▁R angers ▁Rugby ▁Union ▁Club ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : R ugby ▁union ▁teams ▁in ▁Queensland ▁Category : 1 8 8 6 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : R ugby ▁clubs ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁Category : I ps wich , ▁Queensland <0x0A> </s> ▁Rem emb rance ▁Park ▁is ▁a ▁park ▁on ▁the ▁Ohio ▁State ▁University ▁campus ▁in ▁Columb us , ▁Ohio , |
▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁public ▁mem orial ▁comm emor ates ▁veter an ▁al umn i . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁par ks ▁in ▁Columb us , ▁Ohio ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Oh io ▁State ▁University ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Columb us , ▁Ohio <0x0A> </s> ▁Christopher ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁( born ▁October ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁screen writer , ▁film ▁director ▁and ▁producer . ▁He ▁received ▁the ▁B AF TA ▁Award , ▁Independent ▁Spirit ▁Award , ▁and ▁Academy ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Original ▁Screen play ▁for ▁the ▁ne o - no ir ▁mystery ▁film ▁The ▁Us ual ▁Sus pect s ▁( 1 9 9 5 ). ▁ ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁made ▁his ▁director ial ▁debut ▁with ▁the ▁crime ▁thr iller ▁film ▁The ▁Way ▁of ▁the ▁Gun ▁( 2 0 0 0 ). ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁frequent ▁collabor ator ▁with ▁Tom ▁Cru ise , ▁having ▁written ▁and ▁directed ▁the ▁action ▁films ▁Jack ▁Re acher ▁( 2 0 1 2 ), ▁Mission : ▁Im possible ▁– ▁Rog ue ▁Nation ▁( 2 0 1 5 ), ▁and ▁Mission : ▁Im possible ▁– ▁Fall out ▁( 2 0 1 8 ). ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁writing ▁team ▁on ▁the ▁films ▁V alk y rie ▁( 2 0 0 8 ), ▁Edge ▁of ▁Tom orrow ▁( 2 0 1 4 ), ▁The ▁M ummy ▁( 2 0 1 7 ), ▁and ▁Top ▁Gun : ▁Ma ver ick ▁( 2 |
0 2 0 ). ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁in ▁either ▁Pr inc eton , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁or ▁Pr inc eton ▁J unction , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁a ▁nearby ▁un in cor por ated ▁community ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁raised . ▁After ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁West ▁W inds or - P la ins bor o ▁High ▁School ▁South ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁at ▁Christ ▁Church ▁Gram mar ▁School ▁in ▁Per th , ▁Western ▁Australia , ▁recall ing ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁“ I ▁was ▁offered ▁an ▁Inter im ▁program . ▁... ▁I ▁picked ▁a ▁place ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁hat ▁and ▁ended ▁up ▁at ▁Christ ▁Church ▁Gram mar ▁School . ▁I ▁lived ▁at ▁the ▁school ▁and ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁board ing ▁school , ▁though ▁I ▁did ▁very ▁little ▁work ". ▁F ired ▁after ▁nine ▁months , ▁" I ▁h itch h ik ed ▁for ▁three ▁months , ▁came ▁home , ▁knock ed ▁around ▁for ▁about ▁a ▁month ▁and ▁then ▁immediately ▁started ▁working ▁for ▁this ▁detect ive ▁ag ency .... ▁[ It ] ▁was ▁actually ▁a ▁gl or ified ▁security - guard ▁position . ▁I ▁think ▁in ▁the ▁four ▁years ▁I ▁worked ▁there ▁I ▁did ▁about ▁six ▁investig ations .... " ▁ ▁Career ▁Mc Qu ar rie ' s ▁first ▁feature ▁film ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁thr iller ▁Public ▁Access , ▁directed ▁by ▁Bry an ▁S inger . ▁It ▁won ▁the |
▁Crit ics ▁Award ▁at ▁the ▁De au ville ▁American ▁Film ▁Festival ▁and ▁shared ▁the ▁Sund ance ▁Film ▁Festival ' s ▁Grand ▁J ury ▁Prize . ▁The ▁film ▁did ▁not ▁secure ▁a ▁the atr ical ▁distrib utor ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁On ▁review ▁aggreg ator ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes , ▁the ▁film ▁received ▁an ▁appro val ▁rating ▁of ▁ 5 8 %. ▁ ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁wrote ▁The ▁Us ual ▁Sus pect s ▁( 1 9 9 5 ), ▁for ▁which ▁he ▁received ▁best ▁screen play ▁awards ▁from ▁the ▁British ▁and ▁American ▁Academy ▁Awards , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁from ▁Prem iere ▁Magazine , ▁the ▁Texas ▁Board ▁of ▁Review , ▁and ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Crit ics ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁Ed gar ▁Award , ▁and ▁ ▁The ▁Independent ▁Spirit ▁Awards . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁later ▁included ▁on ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 0 ▁greatest ▁films ▁ever ▁made , ▁and ▁the ▁character ▁Ver bal ▁K int ▁was ▁included ▁on ▁A FI ' s ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 0 ▁greatest ▁Hero es ▁and ▁Villa ins ▁of ▁all ▁time . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the ▁Writ ers ▁Gu ild ▁of ▁America ▁voted ▁The ▁Us ual ▁Sus pect s ▁No . ▁ 3 5 ▁on ▁their ▁list ▁of ▁ 1 0 1 ▁Great est ▁Screen plays . ▁In ▁his ▁third ▁collaboration ▁with ▁S inger , ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁performed ▁an ▁extensive ▁rewrite ▁on ▁X - Men , ▁but ▁ultimately ▁removed ▁his ▁name ▁from ▁the ▁project . ▁ ▁In |
▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁made ▁his ▁director ial ▁debut ▁with ▁The ▁Way ▁of ▁the ▁Gun , ▁a ▁modern - day ▁Western ▁for ▁which ▁he ▁also ▁wrote ▁the ▁script . ▁It ▁star red ▁Ben icio ▁del ▁Tor o , ▁Ryan ▁Ph illi ppe ▁and ▁James ▁Ca an . ▁The ▁film , ▁budget ed ▁at ▁US $ 8 . 5 ▁million , ▁received ▁mainly ▁negative ▁reviews ▁and ▁performed ▁poor ly ▁at ▁the ▁box ▁office , ▁gross ing ▁US $ 1 3 ▁million ▁world wide . ▁ ▁E ight ▁years ▁later , ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁co - w rote ▁and ▁co - produ ced ▁V alk y rie , ▁which ▁opened ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁The ▁story ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁real - life ▁July ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁plot ▁to ▁assass inate ▁Adolf ▁Hitler . ▁The ▁script ▁was ▁co - written ▁with ▁Nathan ▁Alexander . ▁The ▁pair ▁had ▁access ▁to ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁St au ffen berg ▁family ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁book ▁written ▁by ▁Fab ian ▁von ▁Sch lab r endor ff ▁– ▁a ▁consp ir ator ▁who ▁surv ived . ▁While ▁doing ▁research ▁for ▁the ▁screen play , ▁they ▁also ▁spoke ▁with ▁Hitler ' s ▁body guard . ▁The ▁film ▁stars ▁Tom ▁Cru ise ▁and ▁is ▁directed ▁by ▁Bry an ▁S inger . ▁It ▁received ▁two ▁awards , ▁the ▁B MI ▁Film ▁Music ▁Award ▁and ▁the ▁B amb i ▁Award ▁for ▁Cou rage |
. ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁was ▁h ired ▁to ▁pen ▁the ▁script ▁for ▁the ▁then - unt itled ▁The ▁Wol ver ine . ▁ ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁co - w rote ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁film ▁The ▁Tour ist ▁with ▁Julian ▁Fellow es , ▁Jeff rey ▁Nach man off ▁and ▁director ▁Flor ian ▁Hen ck el ▁von ▁D onn ers mar ck . ▁The ▁film ▁star red ▁Johnny ▁De pp ▁and ▁Angel ina ▁J ol ie ▁and ▁gross ed ▁US $ 2 7 8 ▁million ▁world wide . ▁It ▁received ▁three ▁Golden ▁Glo be ▁Award ▁nomin ations ▁and ▁several ▁other ▁awards , ▁among ▁them ▁the ▁Red box ▁Movie ▁Award ▁for ▁the ▁most ▁r ented ▁drama ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁directed ▁his ▁second ▁feature ▁Jack ▁Re acher ; ▁an ▁adaptation ▁of ▁One ▁Sh ot , ▁the ▁nin th ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁of ▁ 2 1 ▁Jack ▁Re acher ▁nov els ▁by ▁Lee ▁Child . ▁Fil ming ▁began ▁in ▁the ▁Pitts burgh ▁metropol itan ▁area ▁on ▁October ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁and ▁continued ▁through ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁The ▁movie ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁by ▁Param ount ▁Pictures . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁had ▁stepped ▁in ▁to ▁rewrite ▁the ▁script ▁for ▁World ▁War ▁Z ▁after ▁D |
rew ▁God d ard ▁and ▁Dam on ▁Lind el of ▁had ▁ex ited ▁the ▁film . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁saw ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁Mc Qu ar rie ' s ▁fourth ▁collaboration ▁with ▁S inger : ▁Jack ▁the ▁Gi ant ▁S layer , ▁co - written ▁by ▁Mc Qu ar rie . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁a ▁failure ▁at ▁the ▁box ▁office , ▁gross ing ▁only ▁US $ 1 9 8 ▁million ▁with ▁an ▁estimated ▁US $ 2 4 0 ▁million ▁budget ▁( ex cluding ▁prom ot ional ▁fe es ). ▁The ▁critical ▁reviews ▁were ▁generally ▁mixed . ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁co - w rote ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁science ▁fiction ▁action ▁thr iller ▁Edge ▁of ▁Tom orrow ▁with ▁Je z ▁and ▁John - Hen ry ▁But ter worth , ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Japanese ▁novel ▁All ▁You ▁Need ▁Is ▁Kill . ▁While ▁the ▁film ▁under per formed ▁at ▁the ▁box ▁office ▁on ▁its ▁opening ▁week end ▁with ▁only ▁US $ 2 8 . 8 ▁million , ▁it ▁received ▁strong ▁reviews ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁word - of - mouth ▁hit , ▁gross ing ▁just ▁over ▁US $ 1 0 0 ▁million ▁at ▁the ▁domestic ▁box ▁office . ▁ ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁completed ▁his ▁third ▁feature ▁as ▁director ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁Mission : ▁Im possible ▁– ▁Rog ue ▁Nation , ▁the ▁fifth ▁entry ▁in ▁the ▁Mission : ▁Im possible ▁film ▁series , ▁which ▁he ▁co - w rote ▁with ▁D rew ▁Pear ce . ▁The ▁film ▁received |
▁strong ▁reviews ▁and ▁gross ed ▁over ▁US $ 1 9 5 ▁million ▁at ▁the ▁North ▁American ▁box ▁office ▁and ▁won ▁a ▁Golden ▁Tom ato ▁for ▁Best ▁Action - Ad vent ure ▁Movie ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁followed ▁it ▁with ▁Mission : ▁Im possible ▁– ▁Fall out ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁which ▁marked ▁his ▁third ▁direct ing ▁collaboration ▁with ▁Tom ▁Cru ise . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁a ▁hit , ▁and ▁also ▁received ▁strong ▁reviews ▁from ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes ▁and ▁other ▁critic ▁websites . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁the ▁highest - g ross ing ▁film ▁from ▁the ▁franch ise ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁Crit ic ' s ▁Cho ice ▁award ▁for ▁Best ▁Action ▁Film ▁and ▁a ▁Golden ▁Tom ato ▁for ▁Best ▁Action - Ad vent ure ▁Movie ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁Initial ly ▁hes it ant ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁franch ise , ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁final ized ▁a ▁deal ▁to ▁write ▁and ▁direct ▁Mission : ▁Im possible ▁ 7 ▁and ▁Mission : ▁Im possible ▁ 8 ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Both ▁films ▁are ▁currently ▁shooting ▁back - to - back ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁and ▁will ▁release ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 2 1 ▁and ▁August ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 2 2 ▁respectively . ▁ ▁By ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁had ▁completed ▁a ▁rewrite ▁of ▁Rog ue ▁One : ▁A ▁Star ▁Wars ▁Story ▁and |
▁spent ▁two ▁weeks ▁" t ight ening ▁up ▁the ▁story ". ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁and ▁screen writer ▁D yl an ▁K uss man ▁were ▁both ▁commission ed ▁by ▁Tom ▁Cru ise ▁to ▁write ▁a ▁new ▁script ▁for ▁The ▁M ummy . ▁ ▁Mc Qu ar rie ▁is ▁currently ▁sl ated ▁to ▁hel m ▁a ▁feature ▁film ▁adaptation ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁animated ▁series ▁Star ▁Bla z ers ▁( its elf ▁an ▁adaptation ▁of ▁Space ▁Batt les hip ▁Yam ato ), ▁with ▁Zach ▁Dean ▁as ▁screen writer . ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁attached ▁to ▁the ▁project ▁since ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁Film ▁ ▁Un cred ited ▁Writing ▁R oles ▁ ▁X - Men ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁Mission : ▁Im possible ▁– ▁Ghost ▁Pro tocol ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Wol ver ine ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Rog ue ▁One ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁American ▁Made ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Television ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁Mc Qu ar rie , ▁Christopher . ▁The ▁Us ual ▁Sus pect s . ▁Fab er ▁and ▁Fab er ▁Publish ers ▁( 1 9 9 6 ); ▁/ ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : Fil m ▁produ cers ▁from ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : American ▁male ▁screen writ ers ▁Category : American ▁television ▁writers ▁Category : Best ▁Original ▁Screen play ▁Academy ▁Award ▁w inners ▁Category |
: Date ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Ed gar ▁Award ▁w inners ▁Category : Fil m ▁direct ors ▁from ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M ale ▁television ▁writers ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁West ▁W inds or ▁Township , ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : Screen writ ers ▁from ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : West ▁W inds or - P la ins bor o ▁High ▁School ▁South ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Ż ele ź nica ▁may ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁following ▁places : ▁Ż ele ź nica , ▁Gre ater ▁Poland ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁( west - central ▁Poland ) ▁Ż ele ź nica , ▁Ł ód ź ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁( central ▁Poland ) ▁Ż ele ź nica , ▁Ś wię to kr zy skie ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁( s outh - central ▁Poland ) ▁Ż ele ź nica , ▁Lub usz ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁( west ▁Poland ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Sir ▁Henry ▁Ernest ▁Gas co y ne ▁Bul wer , ▁ ▁( 1 1 ▁December ▁ 1 8 3 6 ▁– ▁ 3 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 1 4 ), ▁the ▁nep hew ▁of ▁Sir ▁Henry ▁Ly tt on ▁Bul wer ▁and ▁brother ▁to ▁Edward ▁Ear le ▁Gas co y ne ▁Bul wer , ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁colonial ▁administrator ▁and ▁diplom at . ▁ ▁Bul wer ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Char ter house ▁School ▁and ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁Cambridge . ▁Administr ative ▁and ▁diplom atic ▁posts ▁held ▁include : ▁▁ |
1 8 6 0 – 1 8 6 4 ▁– ▁British ▁Res ident ▁in ▁K yth ira ▁in ▁the ▁I onian ▁Islands ▁under ▁the ▁Lord ▁High ▁Commission er , ▁Sir ▁Henry ▁Knight ▁St ork s . ▁▁ 1 8 6 5 ▁– ▁Secretary ▁to ▁his ▁uncle , ▁the ▁British ▁Amb assador ▁to ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁in ▁Constantin ople . ▁▁ 1 8 6 6 ▁– ▁Rece iver - General ▁of ▁Tr in idad . ▁▁ 1 8 6 7 – 1 8 6 9 ▁– ▁Administr ator ▁of ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁Domin ica . ▁▁ 1 8 7 1 – 1 8 7 5 ▁– ▁Governor ▁of ▁Lab uan ▁and ▁Cons ular - General ▁in ▁Bor neo ▁▁ 1 8 7 5 – 1 8 8 0 ▁– ▁Lieutenant ▁Governor ▁of ▁the ▁Col ony ▁of ▁Natal . ▁▁ 1 8 8 2 – 1 8 8 5 ▁– ▁Governor ▁of ▁the ▁Col ony ▁of ▁Natal ▁and ▁Special ▁Commission er ▁for ▁Z ulu ▁Affairs . ▁▁ 1 8 8 6 – 1 8 9 2 ▁– ▁High ▁Commission er ▁in ▁Cy pr us . ▁ ▁Bul wer ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁St ▁Michael ▁and ▁St ▁George , ▁as ▁Comp an ion ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 4 , ▁Knight ▁Commander ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 4 , ▁and ▁as ▁Knight ▁Grand ▁Cross ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 3 . ▁ ▁Comm em oration ▁The ▁town ▁of ▁Bul wer ▁in ▁Natal , ▁South ▁Africa ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁him . ▁ ▁While ▁Governor |
▁of ▁Lab uan ▁he ▁presented ▁the ▁type ▁spec imen ▁of ▁Bul wer ' s ▁p he asant ▁( L oph ura ▁bul wer i ) ▁to ▁the ▁British ▁Museum , ▁a ▁bird ▁consequ ently ▁named ▁after ▁him . ▁ ▁The ▁author ▁H ▁R ider ▁H agg ard ▁dedicated ▁his ▁novel ▁Marie ▁to ▁Sir ▁Henry ▁Bul wer . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁British ▁diplom ats ▁Category : 1 8 3 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 1 4 ▁death s ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁Cambridge ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Cy pr us ▁people ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Tr in idad ▁and ▁Tob ago ▁people ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Domin ica ▁people ▁Category : G overn ors ▁of ▁Natal ▁Category : K n ights ▁Grand ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁St ▁Michael ▁and ▁St ▁George ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁Char ter house ▁School ▁Category : Pe ople ▁of ▁British ▁Bor neo ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁of ▁the ▁I onian ▁Islands ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Io anna ▁" G ian na " ▁V lach ou ▁( born ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁Greek ▁vol ley ball ▁player . ▁She ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Greece ▁women ' s ▁national ▁vol ley ball ▁team . ▁She ▁competed ▁with ▁the ▁national ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁in ▁Ath ens , ▁Greece . ▁She ▁played ▁most ▁not ably ▁for ▁Olymp ia cos ▁and ▁ ▁Fil ath |
lit ik os . ▁ ▁Club s ▁• <0x09> 1 9 9 1 - 2 0 0 2 ▁A ias ▁ev os m ou ▁ ▁• <0x09> 2 0 0 2 - 2 0 0 5 ▁Fil ath lit ik os ▁Th ess al on iki ▁ ▁• <0x09> 2 0 0 5 - 2 0 0 6 ▁Ap oll on ios ▁Ker ats ini ou ▁ ▁• <0x09> 2 0 0 6 - 2 0 1 0 ▁Olymp ia cos ▁ ▁• <0x09> 2 0 1 0 - 2 0 1 1 ▁S AA K ▁An atol ia ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Greece ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁profile ▁at ▁f iv b ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : G reek ▁women ' s ▁vol ley ball ▁players ▁Category : O lymp ia cos ▁Women ' s ▁Vol ley ball ▁players ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Vol ley ball ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁vol ley ball ▁players ▁of ▁Greece ▁Category : Med iter rane an ▁Games ▁silver ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Greece ▁Category : Med iter rane an ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁vol ley ball ▁Category : Comp et itors ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Mediter rane an ▁Games <0x0A> </s> ▁M und emu ▁is ▁an ▁administrative ▁w ard ▁in ▁the ▁D od |
oma ▁R ural ▁district ▁of ▁the ▁D od oma ▁Region ▁of ▁T anz ania . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁census , ▁the ▁w ard ▁has ▁a ▁total ▁population ▁of ▁ 6 , 0 3 7 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁D od oma ▁Region ▁Category : W ards ▁of ▁T anz ania <0x0A> </s> ▁Are ▁Mar ler ▁is ▁an ▁Indian ▁T ulu ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Dev adas ▁Kap ik ad ▁also ▁appearing ▁in ▁a ▁supporting ▁role . ▁Ar j un ▁Kap ik ad ▁and ▁N ish m ith a ▁in ▁lead ▁roles . ▁ ▁Sound track ▁ ▁The ▁sound track ▁of ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁composed ▁by ▁Dev adas ▁Kap ik ad ▁and ▁background ▁score ▁by ▁Man ikan th ▁K ad ri . ▁The ▁sound track ▁album ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁with ▁the ▁An and ▁Audio ▁acqu iring ▁the ▁audio ▁rights . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Ar j un ▁Kap ik ad ▁ ▁N ish m ith a ▁ ▁A ry an ▁Ash ik ▁as ▁G op i ▁ ▁Ar j un ▁K aje ▁ ▁Dev das ▁Kap ik ad ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁T ulu ▁Mov ies ▁Link s ▁List ▁of ▁t ulu ▁films ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁List ▁of ▁T ulu ▁films ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁List ▁of ▁Re leased ▁T ulu ▁films ▁List ▁of ▁Up coming ▁T ulu ▁films ▁T ulu ▁cinema ▁ ▁T ulu ▁Movie ▁Direct ors ▁ ▁T ulu ▁Movie ▁Act ors ▁ |
▁T ulu ▁Movie ▁Act ress es ▁K arn ata ka ▁State ▁Film ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Regional ▁film ▁R ED ▁FM ▁T ulu ▁Film ▁Awards ▁T ulu ▁Cin em ots ava ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Ind ian ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Eug ène ▁Franco is ▁Mag lo ire ▁( ▁July ▁ 1 8 4 1 - F ebru ary ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 0 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁career ▁officer ▁and ▁general ▁of ▁the ▁H ait ian ▁army ▁from ▁circa ▁ 1 8 5 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 0 8 . ▁▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁career ▁ ▁Eug ene ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Jean - Jac ques ▁Mag lo ire ▁of ▁Domin ica ▁that ▁came ▁to ▁sett le ▁in ▁Quart ier ▁Mor in , ▁H ait i ▁around ▁ 1 8 2 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 8 4 1 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁young est ▁of ▁the ▁eight ▁children . ▁Eug ene ▁had ▁ 6 ▁brothers ▁named ▁U rb ain , ▁Jean - Pierre , ▁R iche , ▁Jul ien , ▁Des aug ust e , ▁and ▁Pierre - Jac ques ▁and ▁a ▁sister ▁name , ▁Jul iet te . ▁His ▁mother ' s ▁name ▁is ▁unknown . ▁During ▁his ▁studies ▁in ▁Grande ▁R ivi ere ▁du ▁Nord ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 5 , ▁Jean - Jac ques ▁Mag lo ire ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁country ▁at ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁fifth ▁regiment ▁and ▁made ▁a |
▁soldier . ▁▁ ▁While ▁in ▁the ▁army , ▁he ▁married ▁his ▁general ' s ▁nie ce ▁Phil om ene ▁Math ieu ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 0 ▁at ▁O uan am int he . ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 5 , ▁his ▁wife ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁their ▁first ▁son ▁Grand - Jean . ▁Later ▁that ▁year ▁he ▁met ▁Louise ▁Vir g ile , ▁who ▁later ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁two ▁other ▁k ids ▁for . ▁Eug ene ▁had ▁six teen ▁children ▁and ▁several ▁mist ress es . ▁He ▁was ▁always ▁ready ▁anywhere ▁and ▁any time ▁he ▁was ▁needed . ▁During ▁the ▁Fir min ist ▁revol t ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 2 ▁President ▁Nord ▁Alex is ▁assigned ▁to ▁him ▁the ▁defense ▁of ▁Fort ▁Bel air ▁in ▁Cap - H ait ien . ▁That ▁same ▁year , ▁H ait i ▁entered ▁into ▁a ▁Civil ▁War ▁to ▁know ▁who ▁would ▁become ▁president , ▁and ▁Eug ene ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁Sp ies ▁during ▁the ▁war . ▁Those ▁who ▁cov et ed ▁the ▁power ▁to ▁be ▁emb old ened ▁and ▁to ▁advise ▁him ▁in ▁the ▁war ▁department , ▁establish ing ▁his ▁headquarters ▁in ▁C agnet te , ▁L ' A cul ▁du ▁Nord . ▁General ▁Mag lo ire ▁took ▁the ▁lead ▁with ▁his ▁chief ▁and ▁distinguished ▁himself ▁with ▁him ▁at ▁the ▁bou lev ard ▁of ▁Lim be . ▁On ▁January ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 0 3 , ▁he ▁became ▁command ant ▁of ▁Grande ▁R ivi ere ▁du ▁Nord ▁by ▁succeed ing ▁general ▁Cy ria que |
▁Cel est in . ▁Later ▁that ▁year , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁honor ary ▁a ide - de - camp ▁and ▁general ▁of ▁division ▁of ▁President ▁Nord ▁Alex is . ▁The ▁president ▁kept ▁him ▁in ▁Port - au - Pr ince ▁at ▁the ▁trust ed ▁post ▁at ▁the ▁Fort ▁National ▁of ▁H ait i . ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁General ▁Albert ▁Louis ▁G ous se ▁passed ▁away ▁and ▁He ▁commanded ▁His ▁fun eral ▁at ▁St ▁Anne ▁Church ▁of ▁Lim on ade . ▁He ▁gave ▁justice ▁to ▁everyone ▁who ▁des erved ▁it . ▁He ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁most ▁honor able ▁general ▁of ▁the ▁republic . ▁▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁Fun eral ▁ ▁While ▁He ▁was ▁in ▁a ▁military ▁mission , ▁On ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁February ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 0 8 ▁Eug ene ▁passed ▁away ▁after ▁an ▁accident ▁at ▁Port - de - Pa ix . ▁It ▁was ▁during ▁the ▁military ▁mission ▁with ▁which ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁charged ▁during ▁the ▁last ▁sc uffle ▁and ▁val i ant ▁soldier , ▁taking ▁off ▁saying ▁that ▁his ▁wal let ▁from ▁his ▁pocket ▁dropped ▁his ▁revol ver ▁in ad vert ently , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁bul lets ▁expl oded ▁and ▁pen etr ated ▁him ▁into ▁the ▁sp inal ▁column . ▁He ▁died ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁an ▁accident ▁when ▁the ▁government ▁attacked ▁he ▁found ▁himself ▁without ▁gest ures , ▁without ▁a ▁sentence ▁at ▁his ▁combat ▁station . The ▁next ▁morning , ▁the ▁H ait ian ▁Government ▁gave ▁him ▁an |
▁impos ing ▁fun eral . ▁His ▁body ▁was ▁installed ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁then ▁at ▁ 8 ▁o ' clock ▁a ▁con voy ▁shook . ▁General ▁Jules ▁Co ic ou ▁ordered ▁numerous ▁officers ▁and ▁Major ▁State ▁M embers ▁of ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁The ▁Republic ▁to ▁preced e ▁the ▁he arse . ▁They ▁had ▁the ▁services ▁at ▁a ▁c athedral . ▁N umer ous ▁crow ns ▁worn ▁by ▁deleg ations ▁preced ed ▁the ▁he arse . ▁At ▁the ▁c emetery ▁Fr éd éric ▁Marcel in ▁read ▁a ▁speech ▁to ▁recall ▁the ▁qual ities ▁of ▁General ▁Eug ene . ▁▁ ▁Family ▁ ▁Eug ene ▁descend ants ▁also ▁involves ▁in ▁politics . ▁His ▁sons ▁Jacques ▁Mag lo ire ▁became ▁a ▁deput y ▁and ▁Ar s ene ▁Mag lo ire ▁became ▁Minister ▁of ▁Def ense ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁He ' s ▁young est ▁son ▁Paul ▁Eug ene ▁Mag lo ire ▁joined ▁the ▁army ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁and ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁H ait i ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁He ' s ▁great - grand ne p hew ▁Luc ▁Alex is ▁later ▁became ▁the ▁command ant ▁of ▁Grande ▁R ivi ere ▁du ▁Nord ▁and ▁Mil ot , ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁Paul ▁Eug ene ▁Mag lo ire ▁inaugur ated ▁a ▁bar rack ▁name ▁Cas erne ▁Eug |
ene ▁Mag lo ire ▁in ▁Port - de - Pa ix , ▁H ait i . ▁This ▁bar rack ▁is ▁where ▁Eug ene ▁use ▁to ▁work ▁and ▁Eug ene ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁die ▁in ▁that ▁bar rack . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁https :// d loc . com / U F 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 / 1 4 2 9 8 / 2 j ? search = n ouv ell iste & search = n ouv ell iste ▁▁ ▁https :// www . d loc . com / U F 0 0 0 8 1 2 1 3 / 0 0 2 5 6 ? search = mat in & search = mat in ▁ ▁https :// d loc . com / U F 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 / 1 4 2 9 9 / 1 j ? search = n ouv ell iste % 2 cn ouv ell iste ▁ ▁https :// www . gen i . com / people / General - E ug ene - Mag lo ire / 6 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 8 6 3 1 9 4 3 3 2 9 ▁ ▁https :// www . d loc . com / U F 0 0 0 8 1 2 1 3 / 0 0 2 5 5 / 3 j ? search = mat in % 2 c mat in ▁ ▁https :// d loc . com / U F 0 0 0 0 0 0 |
8 1 / 1 4 2 9 7 / 2 j ? search = n ouv ell iste % 2 cn ouv ell iste ▁▁▁ ▁https :// d loc . com / U F 0 0 0 8 1 2 1 3 / 0 0 1 1 4 / 2 ? search = e ug ene + % 3 df ran co is + % 3 d mag lo ire ▁ ▁https :// d loc . com / U F 0 0 0 0 0 0 8 1 / 1 2 7 4 1 / 3 ? search = e ug ene + % 3 df ran co is + % 3 d mag lo ire ▁Category : 1 8 4 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 0 8 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Grand ▁Bass in ▁is ▁a ▁body ▁of ▁water ▁along ▁the ▁Canal ▁du ▁M idi ▁in ▁Cast el na ud ary , ▁France . ▁ ▁Grand ▁Bass in ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁G anga ▁T ala o , ▁or ▁Grand ▁Bass in , ▁a ▁lake ▁in ▁Sav anne ▁district , ▁Maur it ius ▁Grand ▁Bass in ▁– ▁Le ▁Dim it ile ▁Import ant ▁Bird ▁Area , ▁Ré union ▁island <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁Japanese ▁activ ist , ▁journalist ▁and ▁writer . ▁She ▁teach es ▁as ▁professor ▁in ▁fac ulty ▁of ▁letters ▁of ▁Tokyo ▁K ase i ▁University . ▁ ▁As ▁an ▁activ ist ▁she ▁has ▁been ▁known ▁as ▁femin ist , ▁but ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 |
8 0 s ▁active ▁on ▁war fare ▁around ▁aged ▁people ▁and ▁their ▁families . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁Represent ative ▁Secretary ▁General ▁of ▁a ▁Japan - based ▁N PO , ▁Women ' s ▁Association ▁for ▁the ▁Better ▁A ging ▁Society ▁( W AB AS ). ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁graduated ▁at ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Let ters ▁in ▁University ▁of ▁Tokyo ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁While ▁she ▁was ▁officially ▁at ▁the ▁sem inar ▁of ▁A est het ics ▁and ▁Art ▁History , ▁she ▁studied ▁journal ism ▁in ▁the ▁Institute ▁of ▁New sp aper ▁ ▁Research es , ▁an ▁inst itute ▁of ▁the ▁university . ▁She ▁worked ▁for ▁J iji ▁Press , ▁G ak ken ▁and ▁Can on ▁respectively . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁she ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁fre el ance ▁writer ▁and ▁critic , ▁mainly ▁concerning ▁femin ism , ▁war fare ▁and ▁education . ▁ ▁She ▁contributed ▁the ▁piece ▁" The ▁sun ▁and ▁the ▁shadow " ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁anth ology ▁Sister hood ▁Is ▁Global : ▁The ▁International ▁Women ' s ▁Mov ement ▁Anth ology , ▁edited ▁by ▁Robin ▁Morgan . ▁ ▁She ▁ran ▁for ▁the ▁governor ▁of ▁Tokyo ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁candidate ▁and ▁lost . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Profile ▁of ▁H IG U CH I , ▁Ke iko ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Can on ▁( company ) ▁people ▁Category : J apan ese ▁academ ics |
▁Category : J apan ese ▁critics ▁Category : J apan ese ▁femin ists ▁Category : J apan ese ▁women ▁journal ists ▁Category : J apan ese ▁women ▁writers ▁Category : T ok yo ▁g ubern atorial ▁candidates ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Tokyo ▁al umn i ▁Category : J apan ese ▁political ▁journal ists ▁Category : W omen ▁critics <0x0A> </s> ▁As a ▁G . ▁Y ance y ▁Sr . ▁( August ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 1 9 1 6 ▁– ▁March ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁phys ician ▁who ▁is ▁professor ▁emer it us , ▁Em ory ▁University ▁School ▁of ▁Medicine ▁and ▁former ▁medical ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Hugh es ▁Sp ald ing ▁Pav il ion ▁at ▁Gr ady ▁Memorial ▁Hospital . ▁▁▁ ▁Y ance y ▁graduated ▁from ▁Book er ▁T . ▁Washington ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁Atlanta , ▁Georgia . ▁He ▁then ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁college ▁and ▁graduated ▁with ▁a ▁Bach elor ▁of ▁Science ▁degree ▁from ▁More house ▁College ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁ ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁M . D . ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Michigan ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁and ▁later ▁studied ▁general ▁surg ery ▁under ▁Dr . ▁Charles ▁R . ▁D rew . ▁ ▁Professional ▁life ▁ ▁Y ance y ' s ▁early ▁medical ▁career ▁includes ▁service ▁as ▁a ▁first ▁lieutenant ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁Medical ▁Corps . ▁ ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁chief ▁of ▁surg ery ▁at ▁the ▁T usk eg ee ▁V |
eter ans ▁Administration ▁Hospital ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁until ▁ 1 9 5 8 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁he ▁published ▁“ A ▁Mod ification ▁of ▁the ▁Sw enson ▁Operation ▁for ▁Cong en ital ▁Meg ac ol on ” ▁ten ▁years ▁before ▁Dr . ▁So ave ▁was ▁cred ited ▁for ▁a ▁similar ▁medical ▁procedure . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁Y ance y ▁became ▁the ▁medical ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Hugh es ▁Sp ald ing ▁Pav il ion ▁at ▁Gr ady ▁Memorial ▁Hospital , ▁( current ly ▁the ▁Hugh es ▁Sp ald ing ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ). ▁ ▁Ac com pl ish ments ▁and ▁board ▁members hips ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁Y ance y ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁African - American ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁medical ▁fac ulty ▁at ▁Em ory ▁University ▁and , ▁along ▁with ▁other ▁fac ulty ▁members , ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁the ▁Card i ology ▁Center ▁at ▁Em ory . ▁He ▁also ▁holds ▁the ▁distinction ▁of ▁being ▁Gr ady ▁Memorial ▁Hospital ' s ▁first ▁African - American ▁doctor . ▁ ▁Y ance y ▁established ▁the ▁first ▁acc red ited ▁surg ical ▁res iden cy ▁for ▁African - Amer icans ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Georgia ▁and ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Alabama . ▁The ▁As a ▁G . ▁Y ance y ▁Medical ▁Center ▁of ▁the ▁Gr ady ▁Health ▁System ▁in ▁Atlanta , ▁Georgia , ▁is ▁named ▁in ▁his ▁honor . ▁An ▁archive ▁collection ▁called ▁the ▁As a ▁G . ▁Y ance |
y ▁Pap ers ▁are ▁hous ed ▁in ▁the ▁A ub urn ▁Avenue ▁Research ▁Library ▁of ▁the ▁Atlanta - F ult on ▁Public ▁Library . ▁ ▁The ▁collection ▁sp ans ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁highlight ing ▁Y ance y ' s ▁medical ▁career , ▁his ▁contribution ▁to ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁medicine , ▁selected ▁articles ▁and ▁publications . ▁▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Institute ▁of ▁Medicine ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Academ ies . ▁He ▁has ▁served ▁on ▁several ▁bo ards ▁which ▁include : ▁the ▁editor ial ▁board , ▁Journal ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Medical ▁Association ; ▁Georgia ▁Division ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Can cer ▁Society ; ▁the ▁American ▁College ▁of ▁Sur ge ons ▁and ▁the ▁Atlanta ▁Board ▁of ▁Education . ▁ ▁Family ▁life ▁Y ance y ▁was ▁born ▁to ▁Arthur ▁and ▁D ais y ▁Y ance y . ▁ ▁He ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Carol yn ▁E . ▁( D un bar ) ▁Y ance y ▁are ▁the ▁parents ▁of ▁Arthur ▁Y ance y ▁II , ▁M . D ., ▁Car en ▁Y ance y - C ov ington ▁( D ), ▁Carol yn ▁Y ance y , ▁M . D . ▁and ▁As a ▁G . ▁Y ance y ▁Jr ., ▁M . D . ▁ ▁External ▁Link s ▁▁ ▁Stuart ▁A . ▁Rose ▁Man us cript , ▁Archives , ▁and ▁R are ▁Book ▁Library , ▁Em ory ▁University : ▁As a ▁G . ▁Y ance y ▁Pap ers |
, ▁ca . ▁ 1 9 4 0 - 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁death s ▁Category : American ▁sur ge ons ▁Category : 1 9 1 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Army ▁Medical ▁Corps ▁officers ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Michigan ▁Medical ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : More house ▁College ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁Cha ▁B um - k un ▁( ; ▁ ▁or ▁ ▁; ▁born ▁ 2 2 ▁May ▁ 1 9 5 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁South ▁Korean ▁football ▁manager ▁and ▁former ▁player , ▁nick named ▁Tsch a ▁B um ▁(" Ch a ▁Bo om ") ▁in ▁Germany ▁because ▁of ▁his ▁name ▁and ▁his ▁th under ous ▁ball ▁striking ▁ability . ▁Cha ▁is ▁widely ▁regarded ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁greatest ▁Asian ▁football ▁players ▁of ▁all ▁time ▁by ▁exper ts , ▁including ▁I FF HS ▁and ▁ESP N . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁Cha ▁had ▁been ▁c apped ▁by ▁the ▁South ▁Korean ▁national ▁team ▁as ▁the ▁young est ▁player ▁in ▁history ▁called ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁squad . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁all - time ▁leading ▁goal ▁sc orer ▁for ▁the ▁South ▁Korean ▁national ▁team ▁with ▁ 5 8 ▁goals ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁Asian ▁Games . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁young est ▁player ▁to ▁ever ▁reach ▁ 1 0 0 ▁caps ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁( 2 4 ▁years , ▁ 1 3 9 ▁days ) ▁After ▁developing ▁into |
▁the ▁top ▁player ▁in ▁his ▁country , ▁he ▁left ▁for ▁West ▁Germany ▁and ▁played ▁for ▁E int racht ▁Frankfurt ▁and ▁Bayer ▁Le verk us en . ▁He ▁scored ▁ 1 2 1 ▁goals ▁in ▁two ▁Bundes liga ▁clubs ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁UEFA ▁Cup ▁with ▁each ▁team . ▁He ▁started ▁a ▁youth ▁football ▁clin ic ▁to ▁develop ▁South ▁Korean ▁football ▁after ▁his ▁ret irement . ▁He ▁managed ▁the ▁national ▁team ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁and ▁also ▁U ls an ▁Hy und ai ▁and ▁Su won ▁S amsung ▁Blue w ings ▁of ▁the ▁K ▁League . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁ ▁Career ▁in ▁South ▁Korea ▁ ▁Cha ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁H w ase ong , ▁G ye ong gi ▁and ▁became ▁famous ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁player ▁of ▁Ky ung sh in ▁High ▁School ▁and ▁South ▁Korean ▁under - 2 0 ▁team ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁Cha ▁entered ▁Korea ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁Korean ▁National ▁Championship ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁Korean ▁FA ▁Cup ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁After ▁gradu ation , ▁he ▁started ▁senior ▁career ▁with ▁Korea ▁Trust ▁Bank ▁FC ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁He ▁led ▁team ' s ▁title ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁best ▁player ▁at ▁the ▁Korean ▁Sem i - prof essional ▁League ▁in ▁spring . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁he ▁joined ▁South ▁Korean ▁Air ▁Force ▁FC ▁due ▁to ▁mand atory ▁military ▁service . ▁Cha ▁had ▁a |
▁plan ▁to ▁en list ▁in ▁the ▁Navy ▁FC ▁but ▁the ▁R OK ▁Air ▁Force ▁persu aded ▁Cha ▁that ▁they ▁will ▁move ▁up ▁Cha ' s ▁dis charge ▁six ▁months . ▁ ▁D arm stadt ▁ 9 8 ▁ ▁Cha ▁attract ed ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁an ▁E int racht ▁Frankfurt ▁coach ▁Di eter ▁Schul te ▁who ▁received ▁an ▁inv itation ▁to ▁South ▁Korea ▁while ▁playing ▁for ▁the ▁national ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁Korea ▁Cup . ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁Schul te ▁sent ▁a ▁letter ▁to ▁the ▁K FA ▁( K ore a ▁Football ▁Association ) ▁suggesting ▁Cha ' s ▁try out ▁in ▁West ▁Germany ▁who ▁will ▁dis charge ▁from ▁the ▁air ▁force ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁In ▁December , ▁he ▁left ▁for ▁Frankfurt ▁by ▁taking ▁time ▁off ▁after ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁and ▁contract ed ▁with ▁another ▁Bundes liga ▁club ▁SV ▁D arm stadt ▁ 9 8 ▁by ▁signing ▁a ▁six - month ▁deal ▁but ▁he ▁spent ▁just ▁less ▁than ▁a ▁month ▁in ▁D arm stadt . ▁The ▁R OK ▁Air ▁Force ▁didn ' t ▁follow ▁the ▁contract ▁with ▁Cha ▁and ▁required ▁his ▁return . ▁Due ▁to ▁Cha ' s ▁complicated ▁military ▁service ▁problem , ▁after ▁his ▁debut ▁match ▁with ▁V f L ▁Bo ch um ▁on ▁ 3 0 ▁December , ▁Cha ▁returned ▁to ▁South ▁Korea ▁on ▁ 5 ▁January ▁and ▁he ▁spent ▁his ▁spare ▁military ▁service ▁duration ▁until ▁ 3 1 ▁May ▁so ▁didn ' t |
▁play ▁for ▁D arm stadt . ▁ ▁E int racht ▁Frankfurt ▁ ▁After ▁being ▁dis charg ed ▁from ▁the ▁military ▁service ▁completely , ▁Cha ▁still ▁wanted ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁Bundes liga ▁and ▁joined ▁E int racht ▁Frankfurt ▁at ▁age ▁ 2 6 ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁He ▁made ▁an ▁immediate ▁impact ▁with ▁his ▁new ▁club , ▁scoring ▁in ▁three ▁consecutive ▁games ▁from ▁third ▁round ▁to ▁fifth ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁Bundes liga . ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁after ▁Aber de en ▁lost ▁to ▁Frankfurt ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 9 – 8 0 ▁UEFA ▁Cup , ▁Sir ▁Alex ▁Fer g us on ▁said ▁" The ▁problem ▁we ▁couldn ' t ▁solve ▁was ▁Tsch a ▁B um . ▁We ▁could ▁not ▁stop ▁him . ▁He ▁was ▁un sto pp able ." ▁Frankfurt ▁won ▁the ▁UEFA ▁Cup ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁by ▁defe ating ▁Bor uss ia ▁M ön ch eng lad bach ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁In ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁interview ▁with ▁ESP N , ▁L oth ar ▁Matth ä us ▁said ▁" He ▁was ▁the ▁face ▁of ▁Frankfurt ▁then . ▁He ▁had ▁pace , ▁great ▁technique , ▁was ▁a ▁great ▁d rib b ler ▁and ▁scored ▁goals . ▁And ▁most ▁important ly , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁ult imate ▁team ▁man ." ▁After ▁the ▁first ▁season ▁in ▁Germany , ▁he ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁a ▁world ▁class ▁in ▁the ▁Rang l iste ▁of ▁the ▁winter ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁the ▁Bundes liga ▁team ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁with ▁Karl - |
He in z ▁Rum men ig ge ▁and ▁Kevin ▁Ke eg an ▁by ▁the ▁German ▁sports ▁magazine ▁k icker . ▁On ▁ 2 3 ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁Cha ' s ▁sp ine ▁was ▁crack ed ▁by ▁J ürgen ▁G els dorf ▁who ▁tack led ▁behind ▁him ▁but ▁came ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁stad ium ▁after ▁a ▁month . ▁He ▁led ▁team ' s ▁title ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 – 8 1 ▁D FB - P okal ▁by ▁scoring ▁six ▁goals ▁in ▁six ▁matches . ▁He ▁became ▁the ▁top ▁goals cor er ▁of ▁Frankfurt ▁in ▁three ▁consecutive ▁seasons . ▁( 1 9 8 0 – 8 1 , ▁ 1 9 8 1 – 8 2 , ▁ 1 9 8 2 – 8 3 ) ▁ ▁Bayer ▁Le verk us en ▁ ▁However , ▁Cha ▁transferred ▁to ▁Bayer ▁Le verk us en ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁financial ▁difficulty ▁of ▁Frankfurt . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 – 8 6 ▁season , ▁he ▁scored ▁ 1 7 ▁goals ▁at ▁the ▁Bundes liga ▁which ▁are ▁his ▁most ▁goals ▁in ▁a ▁season ▁and ▁Le verk us en ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁UEFA ▁Cup ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁with ▁sixth ▁place . ▁The ▁magazine ▁k icker ▁selected ▁him ▁again ▁in ▁the ▁Bundes liga ▁team ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁At ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 – 8 8 ▁UEFA ▁Cup , ▁Le verk us en ▁reached ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁and ▁he ▁scored ▁a ▁dram atic |
▁equal iser ▁against ▁Esp any ol ▁to ▁tie ▁the ▁game ▁ 3 – 3 . ▁Le verk us en ▁eventually ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁game ▁on ▁pen alt ies ▁and ▁held ▁the ▁European ▁title ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁Cha ▁retired ▁after ▁the ▁Bundes liga ▁career ▁sp anning ▁ 3 0 8 ▁games ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁scored ▁ 9 8 ▁goals ▁without ▁a ▁penalty ▁goal ▁and ▁received ▁only ▁one ▁yellow ▁card . ▁He ▁scored ▁his ▁ 9 3 rd ▁goal ▁in ▁the ▁Bundes liga ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁top ▁foreign ▁goals cor er ▁by ▁sur pass ing ▁prede cess or ▁Will i ▁Li pp ens ' s ▁ 9 2 ▁goals . ▁His ▁record ▁wasn ' t ▁broken ▁for ▁eleven ▁years ▁until ▁Swiss ▁St é ph ane ▁Chap uis at ▁scored ▁the ▁ 9 9 th ▁goal ▁on ▁ 4 ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Cha ▁is ▁ranked ▁sevent h ▁with ▁Pierre - E mer ick ▁A ub ame y ang ▁in ▁the ▁foreign ▁goals cor er ▁stand ings ▁of ▁Bundes liga ▁history . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁ ▁Cha ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁stri ker ▁in ▁the ▁Bundes liga ▁but ▁originally ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁w inger ▁in ▁South ▁Korea . ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁South ▁Korean ▁under - 2 0 ▁international ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁and ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁and ▁ |
1 9 7 2 ▁A FC ▁Youth ▁Championship . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁A FC ▁Asian ▁Cup , ▁he ▁made ▁his ▁senior ▁international ▁debut ▁at ▁age ▁ 1 8 ▁against ▁Ira q ▁and ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁international ▁goal ▁against ▁Kh mer ▁Republic . ▁He ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁the ▁Korean ▁Football ▁Best ▁XI ▁for ▁seven ▁consecutive ▁years ▁and ▁was ▁selected ▁as ▁the ▁Korean ▁Football er ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁Cha ▁usually ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁national ▁team ▁in ▁the ▁Korea ▁Cup , ▁Mal ay ▁P est ab ola ▁Mer de ka ▁and ▁Th ai ▁King ' s ▁Cup ▁which ▁were ▁ann ually ▁cont ested ▁by ▁Asian ▁nations ▁at ▁the ▁time . ▁In ▁the ▁P est ab ola ▁Mer de ka ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁he ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁international ▁hat - tr ick ▁against ▁Japan . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Korea ▁Cup , ▁he ▁scored ▁a ▁dram atic ▁hat - tr ick ▁during ▁five ▁minutes ▁against ▁Malays ia ▁and ▁led ▁team ' s ▁ 4 – 4 ▁draw . ▁He ▁won ▁ten ▁tro ph ies ▁with ▁ 7 5 ▁appearances ▁and ▁ 4 3 ▁goals ▁in ▁three ▁compet itions . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁qual ification ▁he ▁appeared ▁all ▁twelve ▁matches ▁and ▁recorded ▁five ▁goals ▁and ▁two ▁ass ists ▁although ▁his ▁kne e ▁got ▁a ▁bo il ▁during ▁the ▁competition . ▁However , ▁South ▁Korea ▁failed ▁to ▁qual ify ▁for ▁the ▁World ▁Cup ▁by |
▁finishing ▁as ▁runner - up ▁in ▁the ▁qual ification ▁despite ▁his ▁struggle . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁Asian ▁Games , ▁he ▁contributed ▁to ▁team ' s ▁gold ▁medal ▁by ▁recording ▁two ▁goals ▁and ▁two ▁ass ists ▁but ▁received ▁criticism ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁diff ident ▁play . ▁After ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁Asian ▁Games , ▁he ▁left ▁for ▁the ▁Bundes liga ▁and ▁didn ' t ▁play ▁for ▁South ▁Korea . ▁His ▁last ▁international ▁tournament ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁final s ▁in ▁Mexico , ▁South ▁Korea ' s ▁first ▁appearance ▁since ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁He ▁showed ▁exempl ary ▁performance ▁in ▁int ensive ▁contain ment ▁but ▁didn ' t ▁prevent ▁team ' s ▁elim ination ▁in ▁the ▁tournament . ▁ ▁Manager ial ▁career ▁ ▁Cha ▁moved ▁into ▁management ▁with ▁K ▁League ▁side ▁Hy und ai ▁Hor ang - i , ▁co aching ▁them ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 1 – 9 4 . ▁His ▁next ▁appointment ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁was ▁Korean ▁national ▁team ▁coach ▁and ▁he ▁led ▁the ▁nation ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ; ▁however , ▁a ▁dis astr ous ▁ 5 – 0 ▁defeat ▁at ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁in ▁Korea ' s ▁second ▁group ▁game ▁got ▁Cha ▁fired . ▁He ▁later ▁bl amed ▁the ▁K FA ▁for ▁the ▁bad ▁performance , ▁cit ing ▁lack ▁of ▁bon uses ▁and ▁alleg ing ▁pro ▁s occer ▁games ▁in ▁Korea ▁were ▁fixed . |
▁The ▁association ▁prompt ly ▁sla pped ▁a ▁five - year ▁ban ▁on ▁him ▁and ▁he ▁soon ▁left ▁the ▁country ▁with ▁his ▁wife . ▁ ▁After ▁an ▁ 1 8 - month ▁spell ▁co aching ▁Sh enz hen ▁P ing ' an ▁in ▁China , ▁Cha ▁took ▁up ▁a ▁comment ator ▁position ▁with ▁M BC ▁in ▁Korea . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁co aching ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁when ▁offered ▁the ▁Su won ▁S amsung ▁Blue w ings ▁position . ▁Cha ▁achieved ▁immediate ▁success ▁with ▁Su won ▁by ▁lif ting ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁K ▁League ▁championship , ▁an ▁achiev ement ▁he ▁ranked ▁as ▁even ▁better ▁than ▁the ▁UEFA ▁Cup ▁he ▁won ▁as ▁a ▁player ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁He ▁later ▁res igned ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁as ▁Su won ▁manager . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁Cha ▁is ▁a ▁dev out ▁Christian ▁and ▁said ▁the ▁three ▁most ▁important ▁things ▁in ▁his ▁life ▁are ▁" family , ▁religion ▁and ▁football ". ▁B um - K un ' s ▁second ▁child , ▁Cha ▁Du - ri , ▁followed ▁in ▁his ▁father ' s ▁foot steps . ▁Du - ri ▁played ▁in ▁Germany ▁and ▁switched ▁positions ▁from ▁forward ▁to ▁def ender . ▁He ▁retired ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁after ▁three ▁seasons ▁with ▁FC ▁Se oul . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁Club ▁ ▁Source : ▁ ▁International ▁▁ ▁The ▁K FA ▁is ▁showing ▁the ▁list ▁of ▁Cha ' s ▁ 1 3 6 ▁international ▁appearances ▁in |
▁its ▁official ▁website ▁but ▁FIFA ▁registered ▁him ▁with ▁ 1 1 9 ▁appearances ▁in ▁the ▁FIFA ▁Century ▁Club . The ▁R SS SF ▁claimed ▁ 1 3 4 ▁appearances ▁which ▁exclude ▁two ▁matches ▁against ▁Th ailand ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁A FC ▁Asian ▁Cup ▁qual ification ▁and ▁Indones ia ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁King ' s ▁Cup . ▁ ▁International ▁goals ▁ ▁Sc ores ▁list ▁South ▁Korea ' s ▁goal ▁t ally ▁first . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁Player ▁Korea ▁University ▁Korean ▁National ▁Championship : ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁ ▁Korea ▁Trust ▁Bank ▁Korean ▁Sem i - prof essional ▁League : ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Spring ▁ ▁R OK ▁Air ▁Force ▁Korean ▁National ▁Championship ▁runner - up : ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁ ▁E int racht ▁Frankfurt ▁D FB - P okal : ▁ 1 9 8 0 – 8 1 ▁UEFA ▁Cup : ▁ 1 9 7 9 – 8 0 ▁ ▁Bayer ▁Le verk us en ▁UEFA ▁Cup : ▁ 1 9 8 7 – 8 8 ▁ ▁South ▁Korea ▁U 2 0 ▁A FC ▁Youth ▁Championship ▁runner - up : ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁ ▁South ▁Korea ▁Asian ▁Games : ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁A FC ▁Asian ▁Cup ▁runner - up : ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁ ▁Ind ividual ▁Korean ▁Football ▁Best ▁XI : ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁ 1 9 7 4 , |
▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁Korean ▁Football er ▁of ▁the ▁Year : ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁Korean ▁Sem i - prof essional ▁League ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Season : ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁Spring ▁k icker ▁Bundes liga ▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Season : ▁ 1 9 7 9 – 8 0 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 – 8 6 ▁Asian / O cean ian ▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century : ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁I FF HS ▁Asia ' s ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Century : ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁I FF HS ▁World ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Century ▁ 6 0 th ▁place : ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Korean ▁Football ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame : ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁E int racht ▁Frankfurt ▁All - time ▁XI : ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁ESP N ▁Asian ▁Football er ▁of ▁All - time : ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁I FF HS ▁Leg ends : ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Korean ▁Sports ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame : ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ ▁Manager ▁Hy und ai ▁Hor ang - i ▁Korean ▁League ▁Cup ▁runner - up : ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁ ▁Su won ▁S amsung ▁Blue w ings ▁K ▁League ▁ 1 : ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Korean ▁FA ▁Cup : ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Korean ▁League ▁Cup : |
▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Korean ▁Super ▁Cup : ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁A 3 ▁Champions ▁Cup : ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Pan - P ac ific ▁Championship : ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁Ind ividual ▁A FC ▁Co ach ▁of ▁the ▁Year : ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁K ▁League ▁ 1 ▁Manager ▁of ▁the ▁Year : ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Korean ▁FA ▁Cup ▁Best ▁Manager : ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁Or ders ▁ ▁G ira ffe ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Sports ▁Mer it : ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁ ▁White ▁Hor se ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Sports ▁Mer it : ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Federal ▁Cross ▁of ▁Mer it : ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁w ingers ▁Category : S outh ▁Korean ▁football ers ▁Category : S outh ▁Korean ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : S outh ▁Korea ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : S outh ▁Korean ▁football ▁man agers ▁Category : SV ▁D arm stadt ▁ 9 8 ▁players ▁Category : E int racht ▁Frankfurt ▁players ▁Category : B ayer ▁ 0 4 ▁Le verk us en ▁players ▁Category : B undes liga ▁players ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category |
: 1 9 7 2 ▁A FC ▁Asian ▁Cup ▁players ▁Category : 1 9 8 6 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁players ▁Category : 1 9 9 8 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁man agers ▁Category : S outh ▁Korea ▁national ▁football ▁team ▁man agers ▁Category : U ls an ▁Hy und ai ▁FC ▁man agers ▁Category : Su won ▁S amsung ▁Blue w ings ▁man agers ▁Category : FI FA ▁Century ▁Club ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁G ye ong gi ▁Province ▁Category : S outh ▁Korean ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category : S outh ▁Korean ▁Christians ▁Category : K ore a ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : As ian ▁Games ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁South ▁Korea ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁Asian ▁Games ▁Category : As ian ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁football ▁Category : UE FA ▁Cup ▁winning ▁players ▁Category : Re cip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Mer it ▁of ▁the ▁Federal ▁Republic ▁of ▁Germany <0x0A> </s> ▁Philip ▁Re e ve ▁He at ley ▁( born ▁ 5 ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁New ▁Zealand ▁politician . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Party . ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁until ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁cabinet , ▁holding ▁the ▁port fol ios ▁of ▁Fish eries , ▁Fish eries ▁and ▁Aqu ac ulture , ▁Energy ▁and ▁Resources , ▁and ▁H ous ing , ▁before ▁being ▁replaced ▁in |
▁a ▁cabinet ▁res h uffle ▁by ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁John ▁Key . ▁He at ley ▁retired ▁from ▁Parliament ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁He at ley ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Wh ang are i . ▁Before ▁entering ▁politics , ▁He at ley ▁completed ▁a ▁master ' s ▁degree ▁with ▁Hon ours ▁in ▁H ort icult ural ▁Engineering ▁at ▁M asse y ▁University . ▁He ▁has ▁undert aken ▁short - term ▁study ▁and ▁work ▁as ▁a ▁volunte er ▁with ▁an ▁international ▁relief ▁ag ency ▁on ▁a ▁hospital ▁ship . ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁agricult ural ▁engineer ▁in ▁the ▁da iry ▁industry , ▁surve ying ▁and ▁design ing ▁farm ▁buildings , ▁land ▁d rain age ▁and ▁ir rig ation ▁systems . ▁He ▁author ed ▁two ▁published ▁environmental ▁engineering ▁manual s . ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁a ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Institution ▁of ▁Professional ▁Engine ers ▁New ▁Zealand ▁( IP EN Z ). ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁election ▁until ▁his ▁ret irement ▁at ▁the ▁, ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁MP ▁for ▁the ▁ ▁elect or ate . ▁In ▁O pp osition , ▁He at ley ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Parliament ' s ▁Primary ▁Production ▁Committee , ▁Reg ulations ▁Review ▁Committee ▁and ▁Transport ▁and ▁Indust rial ▁Rel ations ▁Committee ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁National ' s ▁sp okes man ▁on ▁Forest ry , ▁Fish eries , ▁Regional ▁Development , ▁Early ▁Child hood ▁Education ▁and ▁Energy . ▁ ▁He ▁became ▁Minister ▁of ▁H ous ing ▁and ▁Minister ▁of ▁Fish eries ▁in ▁the |
▁Fif th ▁National ▁Government ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁and ▁remained ▁Minister ▁of ▁H ous ing ▁and ▁became ▁Minister ▁of ▁Energy ▁and ▁Resources ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁Government ' s ▁second ▁term . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁he ▁introduced ▁the ▁Unit ▁Tit les ▁Bill , ▁modern ising ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁legisl ation ▁that ▁regul ates ▁the ▁way ▁a partment ▁blocks ▁and ▁multi - unit ▁develop ments ▁are ▁managed . ▁The ▁Act ▁came ▁into ▁force ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁He ▁also ▁introduced ▁the ▁Res ident ial ▁Ten an cies ▁Am end ment ▁Bill ▁to ▁update ▁existing ▁r ental ▁laws ▁and ▁extend ▁them ▁to ▁cover ▁ten ants ▁in ▁board ing ▁houses ▁not ▁previously ▁having ▁protection . ▁The ▁legisl ation ▁was ▁passed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁Following ▁' errors ' ▁found ▁in ▁his ▁exp ense ▁reports , ▁he ▁res igned ▁all ▁port folio ▁positions ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁re inst ated ▁to ▁his ▁minister ial ▁port fol ios ▁the ▁following ▁month ▁after ▁a ▁report ▁which ▁cleared ▁him ▁of ▁any ▁deliber ate ▁wrong do ing . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁he ▁im posed ▁change ▁to ▁the ▁way ▁H ous ing ▁New ▁Zealand ▁delivered ▁state ▁housing ▁including ▁introdu cing ▁a ▁' review able ▁ten ancy ' ▁that ▁put ▁an ▁end ▁to ▁a ▁ 7 0 - year ▁' state ▁house ▁for ▁life ' ▁principle . ▁A ▁one |
- year ▁susp ension ▁period ▁to ▁prevent ▁anti - social ▁ten ants ▁from ▁re app lying ▁for ▁a ▁state ▁house , ▁measures ▁to ▁prevent ▁fra ud ▁and ▁a ▁commit ment ▁to ▁ins ulate ▁every ▁state ▁house ▁and ▁resource ▁third ▁sector ▁prov iders ▁of ▁social ▁housing ▁also ▁came ▁into ▁force . ▁ ▁He at ley ' s ▁fish eries ▁port folio ▁role ▁was ▁renamed ▁from ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁As ▁Minister ▁of ▁Fish eries ▁and ▁Aqu ac ulture , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁He at ley ▁introduced ▁the ▁Aqu ac ulture ▁Legisl ation ▁Am end ment ▁Bill ▁( No ▁ 3 ) ▁to ▁stream line ▁consent ing , ▁help ▁manage ▁compet ing ▁demand ▁for ▁coast al ▁space , ▁and ▁to ▁deliver ▁on ▁the ▁Ma ori ▁Com mer cial ▁Aqu ac ulture ▁S ett lement ▁to ▁i wi . ▁The ▁legisl ation ▁was ▁passed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁T ogether ▁with ▁then ▁Labour ▁Minister , ▁Kate ▁Wil kin son , ▁he ▁initi ated ▁a ▁Minister ial ▁In qu iry ▁into ▁the ▁operation ▁of ▁Foreign ▁Char ter ▁V ess els ▁( FC V s ) ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand ' s ▁E E Z . ▁This ▁followed ▁alleg ations ▁of ▁the ▁failure ▁of ▁some ▁FC V s ▁to ▁provide ▁for ▁proper ▁crew ▁working ▁conditions ▁and ▁vessel ▁safety ▁standards . ▁He at ley , ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Fish eries ▁and ▁Aqu ac ulture , ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁David ▁Carter ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Primary ▁Indust ries ▁following ▁the ▁ 2 0 |
1 1 ▁post - e lection ▁cabinet ▁res h uffle . ▁The ▁inqu iry ▁was ▁concluded ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁the ▁Fish eries ▁( Foreign ▁Char ter ▁V ess els ▁and ▁Other ▁Mat ters ) ▁Bill ▁was ▁table d ▁later ▁that ▁year . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁He at ley ▁became ▁Minister ▁of ▁Energy ▁and ▁Resources . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁he ▁introduced ▁the ▁Crown ▁Min er als ▁( Perm itting ▁and ▁Crown ▁Land ) ▁Bill ▁am ending ▁the ▁Crown ▁Min er als ▁Act ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁to ▁' prom ote ', ▁not ▁simply ▁manage , ▁expl oration ▁and ▁production ▁of ▁oil , ▁gas ▁and ▁min eral ▁resources . ▁The ▁legisl ation ▁created ▁a ▁two - t ier ed ▁permit ▁system ▁for ▁the ▁more ▁complex , ▁higher - return ▁pet role um ▁and ▁min eral ▁activities ▁and ▁the ▁lower - return ▁small ▁business ▁and ▁h ob by ▁min eral ▁operations . ▁Am end ments ▁were ▁also ▁included ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁report ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Commission ▁on ▁the ▁Pi ke ▁River ▁Co al ▁Mine ▁dis aster . ▁The ▁legisl ation ▁was ▁passed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁he ▁introduced ▁a ▁new ▁' block ▁offer ' ▁process ▁for ▁award ing ▁oil ▁and ▁gas ▁expl oration ▁permit ▁areas ▁across ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁including ▁in ▁its ▁E E Z . ▁Block s ▁on ▁offer ▁are ▁confirmed ▁following ▁consult ation ▁with ▁i wi ▁and ▁local ▁authorities |
▁and ▁a ▁compet itive ▁tender ▁is ▁undert aken ▁to ▁finally ▁allocate ▁perm its . ▁This ▁replaced ▁a ▁' p riority ▁in ▁time ' ▁process . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 2 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Cab inet ▁res h uffle , ▁He at ley ▁lost ▁his ▁minister ial ▁port folio ▁Energy ▁and ▁Resources ▁to ▁Simon ▁Br id ges ▁and ▁H ous ing ▁to ▁Nick ▁Smith . ▁ ▁Post - minister ial ▁career ▁On ▁ 3 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁He at ley ▁was ▁granted ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁retain ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁The ▁Hon ou rable ▁for ▁life ▁in ▁recognition ▁of ▁his ▁term ▁as ▁a ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Executive ▁Council ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand . ▁Hon ▁Phil ▁He at ley ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ' s ▁Social ▁Services ▁Committee ▁( 2 0 1 3 – 2 0 1 4 ) ▁and ▁its ▁Local ▁Government ▁and ▁Environment ▁Committee ▁( 2 0 1 3 – 2 0 1 4 ). ▁In ▁early ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁he ▁announced ▁he ▁would ▁be ▁ret iring ▁from ▁politics ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁general ▁election ▁to ▁" move ▁on ▁to ▁fresh ▁challeng es ▁and ▁opportun ities ▁in ▁the ▁private ▁sector ". ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁North land ▁Regional ▁Council . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Phil ▁He at ley ▁MP ▁official ▁site ▁Profile ▁at ▁National ▁party ▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 |
7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : New ▁Zealand ▁National ▁Party ▁MP s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Wh ang are i ▁Category : Min ister s ▁of ▁H ous ing ▁( New ▁Zealand ) ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Zealand ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : New ▁Zealand ▁MP s ▁for ▁North ▁Island ▁elect or ates ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Cab inet ▁of ▁New ▁Zealand ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁New ▁Zealand ▁polit icians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁New ▁Zealand ▁engine ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁New ▁Zealand ▁engine ers <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁all ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁cases ▁from ▁volume ▁ 9 8 ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Re ports : ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 8 ▁in ▁United ▁States ▁case ▁law ▁Category : 1 8 7 9 ▁in ▁United ▁States ▁case ▁law <0x0A> </s> ▁Tom ▁Vel k ▁( Th omas ▁James ▁Vel k ) ▁is ▁a ▁libert arian - lean ing ▁American ▁econom ist ▁who ▁teach es ▁and ▁lives ▁in ▁Montreal , ▁Quebec , ▁Canada . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁chair ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁American ▁studies ▁program ▁at ▁McG ill ▁University ▁and ▁a ▁professor ▁in ▁that ▁university ' s ▁econom ics ▁department . ▁His ▁research ▁interests ▁are ▁in ▁mon et ary ▁econom ics ▁and ▁public ▁policy , ▁specifically ▁the ▁de - reg ulation ▁of ▁money ▁mark ets ▁and ▁the ▁useful ness ▁( or ▁not ) ▁of ▁central ▁banks |
. ▁ ▁Vel k ▁holds ▁a ▁Ph . D . ▁in ▁econom ics ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Wisconsin . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁edited ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁books ▁on ▁Canadian ▁and ▁American ▁public ▁policy ▁issues . ▁Additionally , ▁he ▁has ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Govern ors ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Federal ▁Reserve ▁System ▁ ▁as ▁a ▁visit ing ▁professor ▁and ▁consult ant ▁( 1 9 6 9 – 7 2 ), ▁and ▁worked ▁for ▁the ▁World ▁Bank . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 2 - 3 ▁Vel k ▁was ▁a ▁visit ing ▁scholar ▁at ▁the ▁department ▁of ▁econom ics ▁at ▁D art mouth ▁College ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁consult ant ▁to ▁the ▁J oint ▁Econom ic ▁Committee ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Congress . ▁ ▁Vel k ▁is ▁a ▁regular ▁contrib utor ▁to ▁media ▁coverage ▁of ▁economic ▁issues , ▁writing ▁a ▁rec urr ing ▁column , ▁" From ▁the ▁Right ", ▁for ▁C BC ▁News ▁View point ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 - 6 . ▁Vel k ▁has ▁also ▁written ▁for ▁The ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal , ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Forum , ▁The ▁Glo be ▁and ▁Mail , ▁Fin an cial ▁Post , ▁Montreal ▁Gazette , ▁Le ▁De voir , ▁and ▁the ▁C BC . ▁ ▁He ▁currently ▁res ides ▁in ▁North ▁T roy , ▁Verm ont . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Publications ▁ ▁C BC ▁News ▁View point : ▁From ▁the ▁Right ▁ ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁econom ists ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁libert ari |
ans ▁Category : Mc G ill ▁University ▁fac ulty ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁libert ari ans ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Charlie ▁St ub bs ▁( born ▁September ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 5 5 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁college ▁football ▁coach . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁head ▁football ▁coach ▁at ▁Nich oll s ▁State ▁University ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁compiling ▁an ▁overall ▁record ▁of ▁ten ▁wins ▁and ▁ 3 8 ▁losses . ▁St ub bs ▁res igned ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁cit ing ▁health ▁issues ▁for ▁his ▁decision . ▁ ▁St ub bs ▁is ▁an ▁al umn us ▁of ▁Br igh am ▁Young ▁University ▁( BY U ). ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁an ▁assistant ▁at ▁BY U ▁( grad uate ▁assistant ), ▁Oregon ▁State ▁( wide ▁rece ivers / off ensive ▁coordin ator / qu arter back s ▁coach ), ▁M emph is ▁( off ensive ▁coordin ator / qu arter back s ▁coach ), ▁Tennessee - Martin ▁( off ensive ▁coordin ator / qu arter back s ▁coach ), ▁UN L V ▁( off ensive ▁coordin ator / qu arter back s ▁coach ), ▁Alabama ▁( pass ing ▁game ▁coordin ator / qu arter back s ▁coach ), ▁Tul sa ▁( off ensive ▁coordin ator / qu arter back s ▁coach ), ▁Louis ville ▁( off ensive ▁coordin ator / wide ▁rece |
ivers ▁coach ) ▁and ▁Central ▁Missouri ▁( off ensive ▁coordin ator / qu arter back s ▁coach ). ▁ ▁St ub bs ▁has ▁published ▁three ▁books ▁throughout ▁his ▁career : ▁W ide ▁Open ▁Football , ▁Develop ing ▁an ▁Ex pl os ive ▁Off ense , ▁and ▁his ▁most ▁recent , ▁ 1 0 1 ▁Play m akers ▁and ▁Special ▁Pl ays . ▁ ▁Head ▁co aching ▁record ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Nich oll s ▁State ▁profile ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Al abama ▁C rim son ▁T ide ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : Br igh am ▁Young ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : BY U ▁C oug ars ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : Cent ral ▁Missouri ▁M ules ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : High ▁school ▁football ▁coach es ▁in ▁South ▁Carolina ▁Category : Louis ville ▁Card inals ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : M emph is ▁Tig ers ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : N ich oll s ▁Col on els ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : O regon ▁State ▁Be a vers ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Char l eston , ▁South ▁Carolina ▁Category : UT ▁Martin ▁Sky h aw ks ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : T ul sa ▁Golden ▁H urr icane ▁football ▁coach es ▁Category : UN L V ▁Reb els ▁football ▁coach es <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁Z en ith ▁number ▁was ▁a ▁special ▁type ▁of ▁tele phony ▁service ▁which ▁allowed ▁a ▁calling ▁party ▁to ▁call |
▁the ▁number ' s ▁owner ▁at ▁no ▁charge ▁by ▁request ing ▁the ▁call ▁from ▁a ▁switch board ▁operator ▁and ▁cit ing ▁the ▁" Z en ith ", ▁" Enter prise " ▁or ▁" W X " ▁number . ▁The ▁service ▁preced ed ▁the ▁system ▁of ▁to ll - free ▁tele phone ▁numbers ▁with ▁area ▁code ▁ 8 0 0 ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Int rodu ced ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁a ▁Z en ith ▁number ▁was ▁listed ▁in ▁local ▁directories ▁in ▁each ▁community ▁from ▁which ▁a ▁business ▁desired ▁to ▁receive ▁calls . ▁In ▁that ▁era , ▁direct - d ial ▁numbers ▁were ▁commonly ▁published ▁with ▁tele phone ▁exchange ▁names ▁followed ▁by ▁digits , ▁such ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁tele phone ▁number ▁" P En nsylvan ia ▁ 6 - 5 0 0 0 ". ▁The ▁letter ▁Z ▁appeared ▁on ▁many ▁tele phone ▁d ial s ▁from ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁to ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁position ▁as ▁the ▁label ▁Oper ator , ▁indicating ▁that ▁the ▁caller ▁had ▁to ▁call ▁the ▁operator ▁to ▁place ▁the ▁call . ▁The ▁operator ▁looked ▁up ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁regular ▁number ▁in ▁that ▁city ▁corresponding ▁to ▁the ▁Z en ith ▁number , ▁typically ▁in ▁a ▁paper ▁book ▁kept ▁at ▁the ▁switch board ▁and ▁completed ▁the ▁call ▁as ▁if ▁it ▁were ▁a ▁collect ▁call ▁to ▁the ▁destination ▁number . ▁ ▁For ▁organizations ▁having ▁limited ▁access ▁from ▁specific ▁areas , ▁a ▁Z en ith |
▁number ▁could ▁provide ▁sav ings ▁over ▁using ▁foreign ▁exchange ▁( FX ) ▁service . ▁For ▁example , ▁if ▁a ▁bus ▁company ▁had ▁to ▁provide ▁a ▁bus ▁information ▁number ▁for ▁call ers ▁in ▁a ▁distant ▁area ▁from ▁its ▁main ▁office , ▁and ▁a ▁Z en ith ▁number ▁cost ▁$ 6 ▁a ▁month ▁plus ▁about ▁$ 1 . 5 0 ▁per ▁call , ▁and ▁an ▁F X ▁number ▁cost ▁$ 5 0 ▁a ▁month , ▁until ▁the ▁Z en ith ▁number ▁regularly ▁received ▁at ▁least ▁ 3 5 ▁calls ▁or ▁more ▁a ▁month , ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁che aper ▁than ▁establish ing ▁foreign ▁exchange ▁service . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁Canada , ▁usage ▁of ▁manual ▁Z en ith ▁numbers ▁dimin ished ▁after ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁introduction ▁of ▁inter state ▁direct - d ial ▁ 8 0 0 ▁area ▁code ▁In W AT S ▁to ll - free ▁service , ▁and ▁especially ▁after ▁the ▁requirement ▁that ▁ 8 0 0 ▁calls ▁be ▁placed ▁via ▁special ▁fixed - rate ▁tr unks ▁ended ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁A ▁similar ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁in ▁which ▁call ers ▁asked ▁operators ▁for ▁" Free phone ▁( name ▁or ▁number )", ▁had ▁no ▁direct - d ial ▁counter part ▁until ▁ 1 9 8 5 . ▁ ▁As ▁direct - d ial ▁to ll - free ▁service ▁decl ined ▁in ▁cost , ▁Z en ith ▁numbers ▁nearly ▁disappeared ; ▁tele phone ▁companies ▁in ▁most ▁service ▁areas ▁are ▁no ▁longer ▁assigning ▁new |
▁Z en ith ▁numbers . ▁ ▁A ▁few ▁organizations ▁continue ▁to ▁keep ▁their ▁Z en ith ▁numbers . ▁For ▁example , ▁, ▁the ▁California ▁Highway ▁Pat rol ▁continues ▁to ▁use ▁its ▁dec ades - old ▁Z en ith ▁ 1 - 2 0 0 0 , ▁though ▁it ▁advert ises ▁ 1 - 8 0 0 - TE LL - CH P ▁on ▁its ▁website . ▁ ▁Ex amples ▁ ▁Ontario ▁Provin cial ▁Police ▁Det achment ▁Search ▁- ▁Z en ith ▁ 5 0 0 0 0 ▁ ▁Am bul ance ▁Dis patch ers ▁- ▁Ontario ▁Z en ith ▁ 8 0 0 0 0 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : T ele phone ▁numbers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁rec urr ing ▁Saturday ▁Night ▁Live ▁characters ▁and ▁sketch es ▁introduced ▁between ▁September ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁and ▁May ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁thirty - four th ▁season ▁of ▁the ▁show . ▁ ▁Go og ie ▁R ene ▁Ken an ▁Thompson ▁s ells ▁disc ount ed ▁gar ments ▁with ▁myster ious ▁st ains . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁A ▁sketch ▁featuring ▁" Go og ie ▁R ene ' s ▁Part ial ly ▁Dam aged ▁Christmas ▁Dec or ations " ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁dress ▁re he ars al ▁for ▁the ▁December ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁episode , ▁hosted ▁by ▁K aty ▁Perry , ▁but ▁was ▁cut ▁for ▁the ▁live ▁broadcast . |
▁ ▁The ▁Lawrence ▁Wel k ▁Show ▁A ▁par ody ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁" m ild ly - ent ertain ing " ▁Lawrence ▁Wel k ▁Show , ▁this ▁P BS ▁r er un , ▁hosted ▁by ▁Fred ▁Arm isen ▁as ▁Wel k , ▁features ▁the ▁singing ▁act ▁The ▁Mah arel le ▁Sister s , ▁from ▁the ▁F inger ▁L akes . ▁The ▁performance ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁Mah arel le ▁sister s ▁sk it ▁closely ▁res emb les ▁that ▁of ▁Ros em ary ▁Clo oney ▁and ▁V era - E ll en ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁movie ▁White ▁Christmas . ▁Each ▁performance ▁begins ▁by ▁featuring ▁each ▁of ▁three ▁attract ive , ▁fl irt ati ous ▁women , ▁before ▁introdu cing ▁the ▁fourth ▁sister , ▁Do one ese ▁( K rist en ▁Wi ig ), ▁( s ometimes ▁sp elled ▁" J ud ice "; ▁spell ings ▁differ ▁in ▁SN L ▁sources ) ▁whose ▁de form ities ▁include ▁an ▁extremely ▁tall ▁fore head , ▁tiny ▁hands ▁the ▁size ▁of ▁an ▁infant ' s , ▁and ▁an ▁odd ▁can ine ▁to oth . ▁As ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁women ▁s ings ▁in ▁turn , ▁Do one ese ' s ▁contribution ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁is ▁in ev it ably ▁a ▁weird ▁or ▁disturb ing ▁r ant , ▁such ▁as ▁describing ▁e ating ▁road kill ▁or ▁having ▁w orm s ▁in ▁her ▁hair . ▁She ▁often ▁makes ▁in app ropri ate ▁sexual ▁adv ances ▁toward ▁any ▁men ▁co - st arring ▁in ▁the ▁performance . ▁ ▁The |
▁three ▁normal ▁sister s ▁have ▁been ▁played ▁by ▁both ▁guests ▁and ▁cast ▁members , ▁including ▁Jen ny ▁S late , ▁Abb y ▁Elli ott , ▁Mich a ela ▁Wat kins , ▁Case y ▁Wilson , ▁Nas im ▁Ped rad , ▁Van essa ▁Bayer , ▁Amy ▁Po eh ler , ▁Ana ▁G aste yer , ▁May a ▁Rud olph , ▁Cec ily ▁Str ong ▁and ▁Anne ▁H ath away . ▁ ▁Jeff ▁Mont gom ery ▁A ▁Will ▁For te ▁character . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁A ▁sketch ▁featuring ▁Jeff ▁Mont gom ery ▁and ▁his ▁father ▁( play ed ▁by ▁special ▁guest ▁Dan ▁A yk ro yd ) ▁terror izing ▁their ▁neighb ors ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁dress ▁re he ars al ▁for ▁the ▁February ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁episode ▁( host ed ▁Ale c ▁Bald win ), ▁but ▁was ▁cut ▁for ▁the ▁live ▁broadcast . ▁ ▁A ▁sketch ▁featuring ▁Jeff ▁Mont gom ery ▁trick - or - tre ating ▁was ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁dress ▁re he ars al ▁for ▁the ▁October ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁episode ▁( host ed ▁by ▁Ger ard ▁Butler ), ▁but ▁was ▁cut ▁for ▁the ▁live ▁broadcast . ▁ ▁Ste fon ▁ ▁Bill ▁H ader ▁plays ▁Ste fon , ▁a ▁club ▁kid ▁and ▁city ▁correspond ent ▁for ▁Week end ▁Update . ▁He ▁is ▁asked ▁by ▁S eth ▁Mey ers ▁to ▁offer ▁tips ▁on ▁family ▁friendly ▁things ▁to ▁do ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁city , ▁but ▁instead ▁offers ▁tips ▁on |
▁the ▁h ott est ▁( or ▁more ▁accur ately , ▁most ▁b izar re ) ▁New ▁York ▁night life . ▁May ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁marked ▁the ▁final ▁appearance ▁of ▁Ste fon ▁as ▁a ▁rec urr ing ▁character , ▁as ▁H ader ▁concluded ▁his ▁final ▁season ▁as ▁SN L ▁cast ▁member . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁Gr ady ▁Wilson ▁Ken an ▁Thompson ▁plays ▁the ▁San ford ▁and ▁Son ▁character ▁Gr ady ▁Wilson ▁as ▁the ▁host ▁of ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁instruction al ▁sex ▁films . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁The ▁Vog el check s ▁Fred ▁Arm isen , ▁Krist en ▁Wi ig ▁and ▁Bill ▁H ader ▁star ▁in ▁this ▁sketch ▁about ▁a ▁family ▁that ▁express es ▁affection , ▁at ▁the ▁slight est ▁prov ocation , ▁with ▁s lob ber y ▁French ▁kiss ing ▁and ▁other ▁disturb ingly ▁int imate ▁acts . ▁In ▁the ▁sketch , ▁another ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁( us ually ▁played ▁by ▁the ▁episode ' s ▁host ) ▁brings ▁home ▁a ▁new ▁girl friend / boy friend ▁to ▁meet ▁his ▁parents ▁( Arm isen ▁and ▁Wi ig ) ▁and ▁brother ▁D way ne ▁( H ader ). ▁The ▁girl friend ▁is ▁initially ▁put ▁off ▁by ▁the ▁family ' s ▁eager ▁physical ▁affection , ▁but ▁is ▁won ▁over ▁by ▁a ▁heart f elt ▁speech ▁from ▁Arm isen . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁Dat eline ▁Bill ▁H ader ▁plays ▁Dat eline ▁correspond ent ▁Keith ▁Mor r ison ▁hosting ▁" Real - Life ▁Cr imes ▁and |
▁St ories ▁of ▁Real ▁People ▁in ▁Bad ▁Situ ations ", ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁short ▁inter views ▁with ▁vict ims ▁of ▁pain ▁and ▁suffering . ▁The ▁sketch ▁revol ves ▁around ▁Mor r ison ' s ▁sin ister ▁persona : ▁during ▁the ▁inter views , ▁H ader ▁ut ters ▁tr ite ▁remarks , ▁makes ▁cre ep y ▁faces ▁and ▁sounds , ▁express es ▁dis g ust ▁at ▁awful ▁things ▁not ▁happening , ▁and ▁adm its ▁he ▁gets ▁a ▁cre ep y ▁delight ▁out ▁of ▁other ▁people ' s ▁suffering . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁H ader ▁repr ised ▁his ▁Keith ▁Mor r ison ▁impression ▁in ▁the ▁September ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁episode ▁of ▁Week end ▁Update ▁Th urs day , ▁where ▁he ▁interview ed ▁President ▁Ob ama ▁( F red ▁Arm isen ) ▁about ▁the ▁" de ath ▁panel " ▁issue . ▁ ▁Sh ana ▁Krist en ▁Wi ig ▁plays ▁an ▁out ward ly ▁se xy ▁woman ▁( strong ly ▁res emb ling ▁Mar il yn ▁Mon roe ) ▁who ▁non eth eless ▁does ▁everything ▁in ▁the ▁least ▁se xy ▁way ▁possible . ▁In ▁each ▁sketch ▁she ▁enters ▁a ▁room ▁where ▁several ▁male ▁cow ork ers ▁were ▁present , ▁all ▁of ▁whom ▁are ▁initially ▁attract ed ▁by ▁her ▁curv ace ous ▁cont ours , ▁her ▁sweet ▁child like ▁voice , ▁her ▁fetch ing ▁walk , ▁and ▁her ▁sh y ▁and ▁dem ure ▁de mean or . ▁However , ▁her ▁behavior ▁is ▁quickly ▁pun ctu ated ▁with ▁bel ches |
, ▁f arts , ▁accident al ▁ur ination ▁or ▁def ec ation , ▁loud ▁b ray ing ▁laugh s , ▁t ast eless ▁and ▁vul gar ▁remarks , ▁and ▁fits ▁of ▁sp astic , ▁un co ordin ated ▁movement . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁sketch , ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁men ▁except ▁one ▁( us ually ▁played ▁by ▁the ▁episode ' s ▁host ) ▁are ▁completely ▁rep uls ed ▁by ▁her ; ▁the ▁hold out ▁is ▁even ▁more ▁sm itten ▁than ▁when ▁she ▁first ▁arrived . ▁ ▁In ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁Ale c ▁Bald win , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁compl iment ed ▁Wi ig ▁on ▁her ▁ability ▁to ▁switch ▁between ▁se xy ▁and ▁un se xy ▁characters , ▁Wi ig ▁replied : I ▁have ▁to ▁say , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁greatest ▁g ifts ▁that ▁I ' ve ▁got ten ▁from ▁SN L ▁is ▁getting ▁out ▁of ▁my ▁comfort ▁zone . ▁I ▁realized , ▁and ▁I ▁think ▁Lor ne ▁[ Mich a els ] ▁realized , ▁probably ▁the ▁first ▁hand ful ▁of ▁years ▁that ▁I ▁was ▁there , ▁most ▁of ▁my ▁characters ▁were ▁ladies ▁in ▁their ▁for ties ▁with ▁short ▁hair ▁and ▁weird ▁swe aters , ▁that ▁no ▁one ▁wanted ▁at ▁their ▁dinner ▁party . ▁The ▁good ▁thing ▁about ▁being ▁at ▁SN L , ▁for ▁me ▁cre atively , ▁is ▁to ▁think , ▁" Ok ay , ▁I ' m ▁comfortable ▁enough . ▁I ▁really ▁want ▁to ▁try ▁something ▁that ' s ▁not ▁something ▁that ▁I ▁normally ▁do ." ▁That ' s ▁when |
▁I ▁actually ▁first ▁came ▁up ▁with ▁the ▁character ▁Sh ana , ▁the ▁one ▁that ’ s ▁se xy ▁but ▁says ▁gross ▁things ." ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁G illy ▁A ▁m isch iev ous ▁school g irl ▁played ▁by ▁Krist en ▁Wi ig . ▁In ▁the ▁standard ▁G illy ▁sketch , ▁Mr . ▁D illon ▁( Will ▁For te ) ▁is ▁attempting ▁to ▁teach ▁his ▁class ▁of ▁young ▁students , ▁but ▁the ▁class ▁is ▁repeatedly ▁interrupted ▁by ▁pr anks . ▁After ▁each ▁pr ank , ▁Mr . ▁D illon ▁asks ▁first ▁Li am ▁( Bob by ▁Mo yn ih an ), ▁then ▁Sam ▁( K en an ▁Thompson ), ▁if ▁they ▁are ▁responsible , ▁and ▁the ▁boys ▁den y ▁it ▁( es pecially ▁easy ▁for ▁Sam ▁as ▁his ▁arms ▁are ▁both ▁in ▁cast s ). ▁A ▁female ▁student ▁usually ▁Pa ula ▁( A bb y ▁Elli ott ) ▁then ▁says ▁that ▁G illy ▁did ▁it , ▁and ▁G illy ▁offers ▁an ▁ins inc ere ▁" s orry ." ▁The ▁cycle ▁repe ats ▁with ▁the ▁pr anks ▁becoming ▁more ▁dangerous ▁and ▁violent . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁Ang ie ▁Temp ura ▁Mich a ela ▁Wat kins ▁appears ▁on ▁Week end ▁Update ▁as ▁a ▁sn ark y ▁blog ger ▁for ▁g oss ip ▁website ▁b itch ple e ze . com . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁Game ▁Time ▁with ▁R andy ▁And ▁Greg ▁Ken an ▁Thompson ▁and ▁Bill ▁H ader ▁star ▁in ▁these ▁sketch es , ▁in ▁which ▁sports ▁present er ▁R |
andy ▁D uk es ▁des per ately ▁tries ▁to ▁conv ince ▁the ▁audience ▁that ▁his ▁co - host , ▁Greg , ▁is ▁not ▁an ▁al ien , ▁despite ▁everything ▁in ▁Greg ' s ▁behavior ▁prov ing ▁otherwise . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁Hamilton ▁Hamilton , ▁played ▁by ▁Will ▁For te , ▁is ▁a ▁cre ep y ▁man ▁with ▁a ▁bl onde ▁b ob ▁cut ▁and ▁large ▁round ▁s ung lass es , ▁who ▁comm ande ers ▁the ▁micro phone ▁at ▁various ▁events . ▁For ▁some ▁reason , ▁women ▁find ▁him ▁ir res ist ibly ▁all uring . ▁ ▁App ear ances ▁ ▁The ▁dress ▁re he ars al ▁for ▁the ▁March ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁episode ▁featured ▁a ▁sketch ▁in ▁which ▁Hamilton ▁interrupted ▁a ▁les bian ▁wed ding ▁to ▁beg ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁br ides ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁chance ; ▁the ▁sketch ▁was ▁cut ▁from ▁the ▁live ▁episode . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : List s ▁of ▁rec urr ing ▁Saturday ▁Night ▁Live ▁characters ▁and ▁sketch es ▁Category : S aturday ▁Night ▁Live ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁Saturday ▁Night ▁Live ▁Saturday ▁Night ▁Live <0x0A> </s> ▁Ath ena ▁West on ▁School ▁District ▁( 2 9 R J ) ▁is ▁a ▁three - school ▁district ▁that ▁serves ▁the ▁cities ▁of ▁Ath ena , ▁West on , ▁and ▁Adams , ▁and ▁the ▁community ▁of ▁Mission ▁in ▁U mat illa ▁County , ▁Oregon , ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁district ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 |
0 s ▁when ▁the ▁Ath ena ▁and ▁West on ▁school ▁districts ▁merged . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁school ▁year , ▁the ▁district ▁had ▁ 3 2 ▁students ▁class ified ▁as ▁hom eless ▁by ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Education , ▁or ▁ 5 . 7 % ▁of ▁students ▁in ▁the ▁district . ▁ ▁School s ▁ ▁Ath ena ▁Element ary ▁School ▁ ▁West on ▁Middle ▁School ▁ ▁West on - Mc E wen ▁High ▁School ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁school ▁districts ▁in ▁Oregon ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Ath ena ▁West on ▁School ▁District ▁( o fficial ▁website ) ▁ ▁Category : Sch ool ▁districts ▁in ▁Oregon ▁Category : E ducation ▁in ▁U mat illa ▁County , ▁Oregon ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 s ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Oregon <0x0A> </s> ▁Arthur ▁Well ington ▁Wood worth ▁( May ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 8 2 3 – F ebru ary ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 1 9 ), ▁was ▁the ▁founder ▁and ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁En os burgh , ▁a ▁Verm ont ▁State ▁Senator ▁and ▁Represent ative , ▁and ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Wood worth ▁political ▁family . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁Arthur ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 3 ▁in ▁En os burgh , ▁Verm ont , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁William ▁S . ▁Wood worth ▁and ▁P atience ▁Stevens . ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁in ▁the ▁local ▁village ▁schools , ▁while ▁receiving ▁career ▁training ▁as ▁a ▁car p |
enter ▁from ▁his ▁father . ▁He ▁labor ed ▁in ▁that ▁field ▁until ▁ 1 8 4 4 , ▁when ▁he ▁went ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁St . ▁Alb ans ▁for ▁a ▁local ▁judge ▁as ▁a ▁farm hand . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁En os burgh ▁where ▁he ▁purchased ▁his ▁own ▁farm . ▁ ▁Business ▁interests ▁Wood worth ▁became ▁a ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Verm ont ▁R aily ard , ▁and ▁owned ▁the ▁L umber ▁Man ufact uring ▁Co . ▁until ▁ 1 9 0 0 . ▁He ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁St . ▁Alb ans ▁Sav ings ▁Bank ▁and ▁Trust ▁Co . ▁After ▁ret iring ▁from ▁the ▁l umber ▁industry , ▁he ▁devoted ▁his ▁time ▁to ▁his ▁other ▁business ▁and ▁real ▁estate ▁interests , ▁which ▁included ▁ ▁and ▁a ▁saw mill ▁in ▁West field , ▁ ▁in ▁Sh eld on , ▁several ▁far ms , ▁a ▁mill ▁in ▁Sam pson ville ▁and ▁a ▁cre am ery ▁in ▁En os burg . ▁ ▁Wood worth ▁was ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁self - made ▁man ▁of ▁integrity ▁and ▁sound ▁judgment ▁who ▁always ▁had ▁a ▁hand ▁out ▁to ▁those ▁in ▁need . ▁ ▁First ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁En os burgh ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 5 , ▁Wood worth ▁founded ▁the ▁First ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁En os burgh , ▁becoming ▁the ▁President ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁direct ors . ▁The ▁bank ▁began ▁with ▁capital ▁of ▁$ 2 5 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁stead ily ▁grew ▁there after ▁under ▁his ▁leadership . ▁ ▁Polit ics ▁Wood |
worth ▁cast ▁his ▁first ▁President ial ▁vote ▁for ▁Henry ▁Clay ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 6 , ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁Republican ▁in ▁the ▁near ▁future , ▁serving ▁as ▁a ▁select man , ▁const able , ▁and ▁l ister . ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 8 , ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Verm ont ▁General ▁Assembly , ▁serving ▁a ▁term . ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 9 , ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁State ▁Senate , ▁where ▁he ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁General ▁and ▁Grand ▁List ▁Comm itte es . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁said ▁that ▁Wood worth ▁was ▁above ▁political ▁tr icks ▁and ▁cheap ▁intr ig ues ▁often ▁found ▁in ▁public ▁life . ▁ ▁Prote ction ▁of ▁domestic ▁animals ▁As ▁a ▁Senator ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 0 , ▁Wood worth ▁introduced ▁S . ▁ 6 7 , ▁which ▁provided ▁for ▁the ▁protection ▁of ▁domestic ▁animals . ▁ ▁Mar riage ▁and ▁children ▁Wood worth ▁married ▁Ad al ine ▁L add , ▁daughter ▁of ▁Al phe us ▁L add ▁and ▁Jane ▁French . ▁They ▁had ▁one ▁daughter , ▁L inn ie , ▁who ▁married ▁Walter ▁V . ▁Ph el ps , ▁a ▁business ▁partner ▁of ▁her ▁father ▁who ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁State ▁Represent ative ▁and ▁event ual ▁nom ine e ▁for ▁State ▁Tre as urer . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 2 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁En os burgh , ▁Verm ont ▁Category : V erm ont ▁Republic ans ▁Category : American ▁bank ers ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the |
▁Verm ont ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁Category : V erm ont ▁state ▁sen ators ▁Category : 1 9 1 9 ▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁St ri at ode cos por a ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁fung i ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁X yl aria ceae . ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁monot yp ic ▁genus , ▁containing ▁the ▁single ▁species ▁St ri at ode cos por a ▁b amb us ae . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Index ▁F ung orum ▁ ▁Category : X yl arial es ▁Category : Mon ot yp ic ▁As com yc ota ▁gener a <0x0A> </s> ▁SP - 1 0 5 ▁ ▁is ▁a ▁state ▁highway ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo ▁in ▁Brazil . ▁▁ ▁Category : High ways ▁in ▁São ▁Paulo ▁( state ) <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁Niger ian ▁male ▁box ers . ▁Box ing ▁is ▁a ▁combat ▁sport ▁in ▁which ▁two ▁people ▁we aring ▁protect ive ▁glo ves ▁throw ▁p unch es ▁at ▁each ▁other ▁for ▁a ▁pred et erm ined ▁set ▁of ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁box ing ▁ring . ▁▁ ▁Friday ▁Ah un anya ▁▁ ▁Mu ide en ▁Ak an ji ▁▁ ▁J eg be f um ere ▁Albert ▁▁ ▁Ray ▁Am oo ▁▁ ▁David son ▁And eh ▁▁ ▁A ke em ▁An if ow os he ▁▁ ▁E f et ob or ▁Wes ley ▁A po chi ▁▁ ▁E fe ▁A j ag ba ▁▁ ▁Tun ji ▁A wo job i ▁▁ ▁F ata i ▁Ay in la ▁▁ ▁Hog an ▁Bas |
sey ▁▁ ▁N est or ▁Bol um ▁▁ ▁Jonathan ▁De le ▁▁ ▁Dun can ▁Dok iw ari ▁▁ ▁O lan rew aju ▁D uro d ola ▁▁ ▁Franklin ▁Eg obi ▁▁ ▁E hin omen ▁E h ik ham en or ▁▁ ▁On or ede ▁E h ware me ▁▁ ▁Isaac ▁Ek po ▁▁ ▁Billy ▁Fam ous ▁▁ ▁Mu ide en ▁G ani y u ▁▁ ▁I ke ▁I be ab uch i ▁▁ ▁Richard ▁Ig bin eg hu ▁▁ ▁Kings ley ▁I ke ke ▁▁ ▁Isaac ▁I k hou ria ▁▁ ▁Da uda ▁Iz ob o ▁▁ ▁David ▁I zon rite i ▁▁ ▁Em manuel ▁I zon rite i ▁▁ ▁Jack l ord ▁Jacob s ▁▁ ▁Hog an ▁Jim oh ▁▁ ▁Y aqu b ▁K are em ▁▁ ▁Late ef ▁Kay ode ▁▁ ▁Peter ▁K ony eg wach ie ▁▁ ▁L uk man ▁Law al ▁▁ ▁Ras he ed ▁Law al ▁▁ ▁No j im ▁Mai y eg un ▁▁ ▁Edd ie ▁N du kw u ▁▁ ▁Ob is ia ▁N w ank pa ▁▁ ▁Em manuel ▁N w odo ▁▁ ▁E ff ion g ▁Ok on ▁▁ ▁Andy ▁O log un ▁▁ ▁G b eng a ▁Ol ou k un ▁▁ ▁F ata i ▁O ni ke ke ▁▁ ▁Joe ▁O re wa ▁▁ ▁Te ke ▁O ru h ▁▁ ▁Christopher ▁O ss ai ▁▁ ▁Cy ril ▁Pan ther ▁▁ ▁Samuel ▁Peter ▁▁ ▁Moh ammed ▁Sab o ▁▁ ▁Ah med ▁S adi q ▁▁ ▁Dick ▁T iger ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : |
N iger ian ▁male ▁box ers ▁Category : List s ▁of ▁Niger ian ▁people ▁by ▁occupation <0x0A> </s> ▁Dar reh ▁K har z ale h ▁De h ▁Ch el ▁( ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Dar reh ▁K har z ale h ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Sar ▁A si ab - e ▁Y use fi ▁R ural ▁District , ▁Bah mai - ye ▁G arm si ri ▁District , ▁Bah mai ▁County , ▁Koh g il u ye h ▁and ▁Bo yer - A hm ad ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 6 1 , ▁in ▁ 1 3 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Bah mai ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Mc Donald ▁Township ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁fifteen ▁town ships ▁of ▁Hard in ▁County , ▁Ohio , ▁United ▁States . ▁As ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁census ▁the ▁population ▁was ▁ 8 6 2 . ▁ ▁Geography ▁Loc ated ▁in ▁the ▁south western ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁county , ▁it ▁borders ▁the ▁following ▁town ships : ▁C ess na ▁Township ▁- ▁north ▁Lyn n ▁Township ▁- ▁n ortheast ▁Taylor ▁Creek ▁Township ▁- ▁sout heast ▁Rich land ▁Township , ▁Log an ▁County ▁- ▁south ▁Round head ▁Township ▁- ▁west ▁Mar ion ▁Township ▁- ▁north west ▁ ▁No ▁municipal ities ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁Mc Donald ▁Township . ▁ ▁Name ▁and ▁history ▁Mc Donald ▁Township ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 3 0 s . ▁This ▁town ship |
▁was ▁named ▁for ▁William ▁Mc Donald , ▁an ▁early ▁sett ler . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁Mc Donald ▁Township ▁state wide . ▁ ▁Mc Donald ▁Township ▁is ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁the ▁Z imm erman ▁K ame , ▁a ▁bur ial ▁site ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁ancient ▁Gla cial ▁K ame ▁Culture ▁of ▁Native ▁Americans . ▁ ▁Government ▁The ▁town ship ▁is ▁govern ed ▁by ▁a ▁three - member ▁board ▁of ▁trust ees , ▁who ▁are ▁elected ▁in ▁November ▁of ▁odd - number ed ▁years ▁to ▁a ▁four - year ▁term ▁beginning ▁on ▁the ▁following ▁January ▁ 1 . ▁Two ▁are ▁elected ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁after ▁the ▁president ial ▁election ▁and ▁one ▁is ▁elected ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁before ▁it . ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁an ▁elected ▁town ship ▁fis cal ▁officer , ▁who ▁serves ▁a ▁four - year ▁term ▁beginning ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁after ▁the ▁election , ▁which ▁is ▁held ▁in ▁November ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁before ▁the ▁president ial ▁election . ▁V ac an cies ▁in ▁the ▁fis cal ▁offic ership ▁or ▁on ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁trust ees ▁are ▁filled ▁by ▁the ▁remaining ▁trust ees . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁County ▁website ▁ ▁Category : T own ships ▁in ▁Hard in ▁County , ▁Ohio ▁Category : T own ships ▁in ▁Ohio ▁Category : 1 8 3 0 s ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Ohio <0x0A> </s> ▁Lewis ▁Pin horn ▁Wood ▁( 1 8 4 8 – 1 9 1 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁land sc ap ist ▁and ▁water col our ist |
, ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁rural ▁scenes ▁of ▁Sus sex ▁and ▁Sur rey . ▁In ▁the ▁tradition ▁of ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁era , ▁his ▁work ▁dep icted ▁id yl lic ▁scenes ▁of ▁rural ▁life ▁across ▁the ▁home ▁count ies . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁M idd les ex ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 8 , ▁his ▁father ▁was ▁Lewis ▁John ▁Wood ▁( 1 8 1 3 – 1 9 0 1 ), ▁the ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁architect ural ▁artist ▁and ▁l ith ograph er ▁ren owned ▁princip ally ▁for ▁his ▁special isation ▁in ▁architect ural ▁scenes ▁from ▁across ▁Belg ium ▁and ▁Northern ▁France . ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 5 , ▁he ▁married ▁Louis a ▁Howard ▁Watson ▁in ▁the ▁church ▁of ▁St ▁Sav iour ▁in ▁H amp st ead , ▁M idd les ex . ▁They ▁had ▁four ▁children ; ▁the ▁illustr ator ▁and ▁designer ▁Clar ence ▁Law son ▁Wood ▁( 1 8 7 8 – 1 9 5 7 ), ▁E vel ine , ▁Es mond ▁and ▁En id . ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁married ▁life ▁Pin horn ▁Wood ▁lived ▁and ▁worked ▁at ▁Burn side ▁in ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Sh ere , ▁Sur rey , ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁High gate , ▁London , ▁and ▁latter ly ▁to ▁Home field ▁Road ▁in ▁Ch is wick . ▁In ▁later ▁life ▁he ▁lived ▁in ▁Pe ven sey , ▁Sus sex , ▁where ▁he ▁registered ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Sus sex ▁Arch ae ological ▁Society ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 |
, ▁and ▁died ▁on ▁ 7 ▁November ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁young ▁man ▁Wood ▁studied ▁at ▁He ather ley ’ s ▁School ▁of ▁Fine ▁Art , ▁and ▁lear nt ▁to ▁sketch ▁on ▁H amp st ead ▁He ath , ▁near ▁to ▁the ▁family ▁home ▁at ▁ 3 8 ▁Park ▁Road , ▁Ha ver stock ▁in ▁H amp st ead . ▁His ▁work ▁was ▁influenced ▁by ▁his ▁father , ▁who ▁he ▁accompanied ▁on ▁sketch ing ▁tri ps ▁around ▁the ▁UK , ▁and ▁on ▁several ▁of ▁his ▁painting ▁t ours ▁of ▁Northern ▁Europe . ▁His ▁early ▁work ▁from ▁these ▁tri ps ▁includes ▁R ue ▁de ▁Hall age , ▁Rou en ▁( 1 8 6 9 ) ▁and ▁A ▁Ty role an ▁Sc ene . ▁He ▁also ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁West ▁London ▁School ▁of ▁Art , ▁in ▁Bol so ver ▁Street . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 8 7 3 ▁to ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁Wood ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁art ▁master ▁at ▁University ▁College ▁School ▁in ▁H amp st ead , ▁a ▁job ▁allowing ▁him ▁to ▁continue ▁his ▁painting ▁t ours ▁of ▁the ▁country , ▁particularly ▁during ▁the ▁summer ▁months . ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 0 s ▁on ward , ▁Wood ▁foc uss ed ▁on ▁rural ▁land sc apes , ▁working ▁mainly ▁in ▁water col our , ▁but ▁occasionally ▁in ▁oil , ▁across ▁Sus sex , ▁Sur rey ▁and ▁some ▁London ▁Bor ough s . ▁His ▁work ▁played ▁into ▁the ▁Victor ian ▁app et ite ▁for |
▁id yl lic , ▁sentiment al ▁scenes ▁of ▁rural ▁life . ▁He ▁exhib ited ▁regularly ▁in ▁London ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Academy , ▁the ▁Royal ▁Institute ▁of ▁P ain ters ▁in ▁Water ▁Col ours , ▁the ▁D ud ley ▁Gallery , ▁and ▁elsewhere . ▁He ▁exhib ited ▁three ▁times ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Academy ▁Summer ▁Ex hib ition , ▁with ▁In ▁the ▁M ead ows ▁at ▁A rund el ▁( 1 8 7 6 ), ▁As ▁the ▁tree ▁falls , ▁so ▁must ▁it ▁lie ▁( 1 8 7 7 ), ▁and ▁Whe at ▁Field , ▁near ▁Fair ley , ▁Sus sex ▁( 1 8 8 1 ). ▁ ▁Pin horn ▁Wood ▁also ▁travel led ▁widely ▁around ▁Britain ▁in ▁purs uit ▁of ▁icon ic ▁scenes ▁beyond ▁his ▁main st ay ▁of ▁Sur rey ▁and ▁Sus sex . ▁From ▁early ▁in ▁his ▁career ▁he ▁compiled ▁an ▁album ▁of ▁his ▁travel s ▁entitled ▁Sk etch es ▁from ▁Nature ▁ 1 8 6 9 – 1 9 0 8 . ▁Full ▁of ▁dated ▁p enc il ▁and ▁water col our ▁sketch es , ▁it ▁provides ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁places ▁to ▁which ▁he ▁vent ured , ▁including ▁C umb ria ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 8 9 0 , ▁North ▁Wales ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 8 9 1 , ▁and ▁as ▁far ▁north ▁as ▁the ▁T ross ach s ▁in ▁Per th shire . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁Wood ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁continent ▁to ▁paint ▁in ▁towns ▁in ▁Northern ▁France ▁and |
▁travel led ▁to ▁Lim burg ▁in ▁Germany , ▁which ▁his ▁father ▁had ▁port rayed ▁in ▁his ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁scene ▁Lim burg ▁an ▁der ▁L ahn , ▁B lick ▁in ▁die ▁Alt stadt ▁mit ▁dem ▁Dom ▁St . ▁Georg . ▁P aint ings ▁from ▁Pin horn ▁Wood ' s ▁trip ▁included ▁the ▁substantial ▁Lim burg ▁an ▁der ▁L ahn , ▁an ▁id yl lic ▁view ▁across ▁the ▁L ahn ▁river ▁towards ▁the ▁castle ▁and ▁c athedral ▁of ▁Lim burg . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 0 , ▁aged ▁ 4 1 ▁and ▁with ▁a ▁young ▁family ▁of ▁four , ▁he ▁wrote ▁a ▁story ▁for ▁children ▁entitled ▁" Har ry ▁Good child ' s ▁Day ▁Dream : ▁A ▁T ale ". ▁The ▁ 2 8 ▁page ▁book ▁was ▁published ▁by ▁George ▁St on eman . ▁The ▁month ly ▁magazine ▁The ▁Com ing ▁Day ▁review ed ▁it ▁as ▁" A ▁child ish ▁but ▁rather ▁pretty ▁story ▁about ▁two ▁children ▁who ▁were ▁gift ed ▁with ▁wings ▁to ▁enable ▁them ▁to ▁fly ▁for ▁once ▁to ▁the ▁moon ". ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁he ▁joined ▁the ▁Sav age ▁Club ▁as ▁an ▁' Art ' ▁member . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁the ▁Modern ▁Gallery ▁on ▁New ▁Bond ▁Street , ▁London , ▁held ▁an ▁exhibition ▁titled ▁‘ Three ▁Gener ations ’ , ▁showing ▁work ▁by ▁L J ▁Wood ▁( c athed r als ), ▁Pin horn ▁Wood ▁( land sc apes ) ▁and ▁Law son ▁Wood ▁( hum orous |
▁scenes ) ▁together . ▁A ▁similar ▁exhibition ▁of ▁work ▁from ▁the ▁three ▁gener ations ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁was ▁held ▁by ▁Walker ’ s ▁Gall eries ▁of ▁New ▁Bond ▁Street ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 1 2 . ▁ ▁Selected ▁works ▁R ue ▁de ▁Hall age , ▁Rou en ▁( 1 8 6 9 ) ▁A ▁Ty role an ▁Sc ene ▁Port rait ▁of ▁a ▁figure ▁in ▁a ▁hat ▁( 1 8 7 2 ) ▁Port rait ▁of ▁a ▁Lady ▁in ▁T ud or ▁Cost ume ▁( 1 8 7 2 ) ▁C attle ▁beside ▁a ▁lake ▁( 1 8 7 4 ) ▁Old ▁St ables , ▁Ken il worth ▁Castle , ▁War wick shire ▁( 1 8 7 5 ) ▁A ▁Bush ▁Sc ene ▁( 1 8 7 6 ) ▁A ▁girl ▁carrying ▁a ▁bucket ▁before ▁a ▁that ched ▁c ott age ▁( 1 8 7 8 ) ▁View ▁of ▁a ▁that ched ▁wind mill ▁( 1 8 7 8 ) ▁Wood land ▁View s ▁of ▁Sur rey ▁( 1 8 8 0 ) ▁G om sh all , ▁Sur rey ▁( 1 8 8 0 ) ▁Up stream ▁on ▁the ▁R other , ▁East ▁Sus sex ▁( 1 8 8 2 ) ▁R ust ic ▁C ott age ▁( 1 8 8 4 ) ▁Man ▁and ▁dog ▁on ▁a ▁village ▁l ane ▁in ▁winter ▁( 1 8 8 4 ) ▁A ▁Winter ▁Land s cape ▁( 1 8 8 4 ) ▁Country ▁l ane ▁with ▁figures ▁( 1 8 8 4 ) |
▁The ▁Mill pool ▁( 1 8 8 7 ) ▁The ▁Sil ent ▁Pool , ▁tw il ight ▁( 1 8 8 8 ) ▁Even ing ▁on ▁the ▁T illing bourne ▁( 1 8 8 9 ) ▁Winter ▁landscape ▁with ▁An chor ▁Inn ▁( 1 8 9 0 ) ▁Winter ▁( 1 8 9 0 ) ▁C ott age ▁in ▁l ane ▁( 1 8 9 2 ) ▁Cont inental ▁street ▁scene ▁( 1 8 9 2 ) ▁Figure ▁outside ▁a ▁c athedral ▁( 1 8 9 2 ) ▁Fig ures ▁by ▁a ▁c athedral ▁( 1 8 9 2 ) ▁Man ▁and ▁dog ▁walking ▁along ▁banks ▁of ▁river ▁( 1 8 9 3 ) ▁River ▁view ▁with ▁c ott ages ▁in ▁the ▁background ▁( 1 8 9 3 ) ▁The ▁old ▁church , ▁Al bury , ▁Sur rey ▁( 1 8 9 4 ) ▁Sur rey ▁valley ▁( 1 8 9 5 ) ▁Lew es ▁from ▁the ▁Down s ▁( 1 8 9 8 ) ▁On ▁the ▁South ▁Down s ▁above ▁Lew es ▁( 1 8 9 8 ) ▁A ▁Sur rey ▁Common ▁( 1 9 0 4 ) ▁Rock y ▁stream ▁with ▁mountains ▁rising ▁( 1 9 0 6 ) ▁H ouses ▁at ▁Haw kh urst , ▁Kent ▁( 1 9 0 8 ) ▁Cont inental ▁Castle ▁with ▁Wind mill ▁( und ated ) ▁Cont inental ▁street ▁study ▁ 1 ▁( und ated ) ▁Cont inental ▁street ▁study ▁ 2 ▁( und ated ) ▁English ▁c ott age ▁scene ▁ 1 ▁English |
▁c ott age ▁scene ▁ 2 ▁Ar rival ▁of ▁a ▁ste amer ▁at ▁the ▁Old ▁K ew ▁Bridge ▁( und ated ) ▁View ▁of ▁Sh ere , ▁Sur rey ▁ 1 ▁( und ated ) ▁West ham ▁Church ▁from ▁Pe ven sey ▁Castle ▁looking ▁West ▁( und ated ) ▁Le ving ton ▁village , ▁Sus sex ▁( und ated ) ▁M ead ows ▁before ▁Pe ven sey ▁Castle , ▁East ▁Sus sex ▁( und ated ) ▁Castle ▁gra zing ▁in ▁the ▁Village ▁M ead ows ▁( und ated ) ▁Near ▁H ank ham , ▁Sus sex ▁( und ated ) ▁H amp st ead ▁He ath ▁( und ated ) ▁Corn fields ▁near ▁Lan cing , ▁Sus sex ▁( und ated ) ▁View ▁of ▁H ove , ▁Sus sex ▁( und ated ) ▁View ▁of ▁the ▁c obb ler ' s ▁shop ▁on ▁the ▁bridge , ▁Am bles ide ▁( und ated ) ▁Winter ▁landscape ▁with ▁figure ▁on ▁country ▁l ane ▁( und ated ) ▁Su ff olk ▁waters ide ▁landscape ▁with ▁stone ▁c ott age ▁( und ated ) ▁River ▁landscape ▁with ▁figures ▁ang ling ▁( und ated ) ▁An ▁est u ary ▁at ▁d usk ▁( und ated ) ▁Fig ures ▁on ▁a ▁track ▁before ▁an ▁o ak ▁tree ▁( und ated ) ▁W inds or ▁Castle ▁( und ated ) ▁Woman ▁and ▁dog ▁passing ▁a ▁c ott age ▁( und ated ) ▁A ▁corner ▁of ▁Old ▁War wick ▁( und ated ) ▁At ▁Tun bridge ▁Well s ▁( und ated |
) ▁Corn , ▁Sto oks ▁Coast al ▁view ▁with ▁rough ▁se as ▁( und ated ) ▁A ▁Sur rey ▁landscape ▁( und ated ) ▁Har vest ▁scene ▁( und ated ) ▁F ag got ▁G ather ers ▁in ▁Snow ▁( und ated ) ▁Walk ing ▁the ▁Dog ▁( und ated ) ▁Early ▁Fish ing ▁Village ▁( und ated ) ▁Go ath land ▁Mo or ▁( und ated ) ▁British ▁P addle ▁Ste amer ▁dock ed ▁in ▁an ▁est u ary ▁( und ated ) ▁East ▁Sus sex ▁view ▁ 1 ▁East ▁Sus sex ▁view ▁ 2 ▁East ▁Sus sex ▁view ▁ 3 ▁East ▁Sus sex ▁view ▁ 4 ▁East ▁Sus sex ▁view ▁ 5 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 4 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 1 8 ▁death s ▁Category : English ▁landscape ▁pain ters ▁Category : English ▁water col our ists <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁V ener able ▁Ed mond ▁Francis ▁C ros se ▁( 1 8 5 8 – 1 9 4 1 ) ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Arch de acon ▁of ▁Ch ester field ▁and , ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁Comp an ion ▁of ▁the ▁Memorial ▁of ▁Mer it ▁of ▁King ▁Charles ▁the ▁Mart yr . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁great ▁grand son ▁of ▁the ▁famous ▁Nor wich ▁sur geon ▁John ▁Green ▁C ros se . ▁From ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁Vic ar ▁of ▁Ch ester field ▁and ▁then ▁Arch de acon ▁from ▁ 1 9 |
1 0 . ▁He ▁retired ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 . ▁He ▁is ▁buried ▁in ▁the ▁gra vey ard ▁at ▁Little ▁Bar r ington , ▁Gl ouc esters hire . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 5 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 4 1 ▁death s ▁Category : Arch de a cons ▁of ▁Ch ester field <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁book ▁of ▁hours ▁is ▁a ▁Christian ▁dev ot ional ▁book ▁popular ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁A ges . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁common ▁type ▁of ▁surv iving ▁medieval ▁ill umin ated ▁manuscript . ▁Like ▁every ▁manuscript , ▁each ▁manuscript ▁book ▁of ▁hours ▁is ▁unique ▁in ▁one ▁way ▁or ▁another , ▁but ▁most ▁contain ▁a ▁similar ▁collection ▁of ▁texts , ▁pray ers ▁and ▁ps al ms , ▁often ▁with ▁appropriate ▁decor ations , ▁for ▁Christian ▁dev otion . ▁Ill um ination ▁or ▁decor ation ▁is ▁minimal ▁in ▁many ▁examples , ▁often ▁restricted ▁to ▁decor ated ▁capital ▁letters ▁at ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁ps al ms ▁and ▁other ▁pray ers , ▁but ▁books ▁made ▁for ▁wealth y ▁pat rons ▁may ▁be ▁extremely ▁lav ish , ▁with ▁full - page ▁mini atures . ▁These ▁illustr ations ▁would ▁combine ▁pictures que ▁scenes ▁of ▁country ▁life ▁with ▁sacred ▁images . ▁Books ▁of ▁hours ▁were ▁usually ▁written ▁in ▁Latin ▁( the ▁Latin ▁name ▁for ▁them ▁is ▁h ora e ), ▁although ▁there ▁are ▁many ▁entirely ▁or ▁partially ▁written ▁in ▁vern ac ular ▁European ▁languages , ▁especially ▁Dutch . ▁The ▁English ▁term ▁primer ▁is ▁usually ▁now ▁reserved ▁for ▁those |
▁books ▁written ▁in ▁English . ▁T ens ▁of ▁thousands ▁of ▁books ▁of ▁hours ▁have ▁surv ived ▁to ▁the ▁present ▁day , ▁in ▁libraries ▁and ▁private ▁collections ▁throughout ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁The ▁typical ▁book ▁of ▁hours ▁is ▁an ▁abbre vi ated ▁form ▁of ▁the ▁bre vi ary ▁which ▁contained ▁the ▁Div ine ▁Office ▁rec ited ▁in ▁monaster ies . ▁It ▁was ▁developed ▁for ▁lay ▁people ▁who ▁wished ▁to ▁incorpor ate ▁elements ▁of ▁mon astic ism ▁into ▁their ▁dev ot ional ▁life . ▁Rec iting ▁the ▁hours ▁typically ▁centered ▁upon ▁the ▁reading ▁of ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁ps al ms ▁and ▁other ▁pray ers . ▁A ▁typical ▁example ▁contains ▁the ▁Calendar ▁of ▁Church ▁fe asts , ▁extract s ▁from ▁the ▁Four ▁G osp els , ▁the ▁Mass ▁read ings ▁for ▁major ▁fe asts , ▁the ▁Little ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁B less ed ▁Virgin ▁Mary , ▁the ▁fifteen ▁Ps al ms ▁of ▁D eg rees , ▁the ▁seven ▁Pen it ential ▁Ps al ms , ▁a ▁Lit any ▁of ▁Sain ts , ▁an ▁ ▁Office ▁for ▁the ▁Dead ▁and ▁the ▁H ours ▁of ▁the ▁Cross . ▁ ▁Most ▁ 1 5 th - century ▁books ▁of ▁hours ▁have ▁these ▁basic ▁contents . ▁The ▁Marian ▁pray ers ▁Ob sec ro ▁te ▁(" I ▁b ese ech ▁thee ") ▁and ▁O ▁In tem er ata ▁(" O ▁und ef iled ▁one ") ▁were ▁frequently ▁added , ▁as ▁were ▁dev ot ions ▁for ▁use ▁at ▁Mass , ▁and ▁med itations ▁on ▁the ▁Pass ion ▁of ▁Christ , ▁among ▁other |
▁optional ▁texts . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁book ▁of ▁hours ▁has ▁its ▁ult imate ▁origin ▁in ▁the ▁Ps alter , ▁which ▁mon ks ▁and ▁n uns ▁were ▁required ▁to ▁rec ite . ▁By ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁century ▁this ▁had ▁developed ▁into ▁the ▁bre vi ary , ▁with ▁week ly ▁cycles ▁of ▁ps al ms , ▁pray ers , ▁h ym ns , ▁anti ph ons , ▁and ▁read ings ▁which ▁changed ▁with ▁the ▁lit urg ical ▁season . ▁ ▁Event ually ▁a ▁selection ▁of ▁texts ▁was ▁produced ▁in ▁much ▁shorter ▁volumes ▁and ▁came ▁to ▁be ▁called ▁a ▁book ▁of ▁hours . ▁During ▁the ▁latter ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁th ir teenth ▁century ▁the ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours ▁became ▁popular ▁as ▁a ▁personal ▁prayer ▁book ▁for ▁men ▁and ▁women ▁who ▁led ▁sec ular ▁lives . ▁It ▁consisted ▁of ▁a ▁selection ▁of ▁pray ers , ▁ps al ms , ▁h ym ns ▁and ▁less ons ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁lit ur gy ▁of ▁the ▁cler gy . ▁Each ▁book ▁was ▁unique ▁in ▁its ▁content ▁though ▁all ▁included ▁the ▁H ours ▁of ▁the ▁Virgin ▁Mary , ▁dev ot ions ▁to ▁be ▁made ▁during ▁the ▁eight ▁canonical ▁hours ▁of ▁the ▁day , ▁the ▁reasoning ▁behind ▁the ▁name ▁' Book ▁of ▁H ours '. ▁ ▁Many ▁books ▁of ▁hours ▁were ▁made ▁for ▁women . ▁There ▁is ▁some ▁evidence ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁sometimes ▁given ▁as ▁a ▁wed ding ▁present ▁from ▁a ▁husband ▁to ▁his ▁b ride . ▁ ▁Fre qu ently ▁they ▁were ▁passed ▁down ▁through ▁the ▁family , |
▁as ▁recorded ▁in ▁will s . ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁most ▁heavily ▁ill umin ated ▁books ▁of ▁hours ▁were ▁enorm ously ▁expensive , ▁a ▁small ▁book ▁with ▁little ▁or ▁no ▁ill um ination ▁was ▁afford able ▁much ▁more ▁widely , ▁and ▁increasing ly ▁so ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century . ▁The ▁earliest ▁surv iving ▁English ▁example ▁was ▁apparently ▁written ▁for ▁a ▁lay w oman ▁living ▁in ▁or ▁near ▁Oxford ▁in ▁about ▁ 1 2 4 0 . ▁It ▁is ▁smaller ▁than ▁a ▁modern ▁paper back ▁but ▁heavily ▁ill umin ated ▁with ▁major ▁initial s , ▁but ▁no ▁full - page ▁mini atures . ▁By ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century , ▁there ▁are ▁also ▁examples ▁of ▁servants ▁ow ning ▁their ▁own ▁Books ▁of ▁H ours . ▁In ▁a ▁court ▁case ▁from ▁ 1 5 0 0 , ▁a ▁pau per ▁woman ▁is ▁accused ▁of ▁ste aling ▁a ▁domestic ▁servant ' s ▁prayer book . ▁ ▁Very ▁rarely ▁the ▁books ▁included ▁pray ers ▁specifically ▁composed ▁for ▁their ▁own ers , ▁but ▁more ▁often ▁the ▁texts ▁are ▁adapted ▁to ▁their ▁t ast es ▁or ▁sex , ▁including ▁the ▁inclusion ▁of ▁their ▁names ▁in ▁pray ers . ▁Some ▁include ▁images ▁dep ict ing ▁their ▁own ers , ▁and ▁some ▁their ▁co ats ▁of ▁arms . ▁These , ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁choice ▁of ▁sain ts ▁comm emor ated ▁in ▁the ▁calendar ▁and ▁suff rages , ▁are ▁the ▁main ▁cl ues ▁for ▁the ▁identity ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁owner . ▁ ▁E am on ▁D uff y ▁explains |
▁how ▁these ▁books ▁reflected ▁the ▁person ▁who ▁commission ed ▁them . ▁He ▁claims ▁that ▁the ▁" person al ▁character ▁of ▁these ▁books ▁was ▁often ▁sign aled ▁by ▁the ▁inclusion ▁of ▁pray ers ▁spe cially ▁composed ▁or ▁adapted ▁for ▁their ▁own ers ." ▁Furthermore , ▁he ▁states ▁that ▁" as ▁many ▁as ▁half ▁the ▁surv iving ▁manuscript ▁Books ▁of ▁H ours ▁have ▁annotations , ▁marg inal ia ▁or ▁add itions ▁of ▁some ▁sort . ▁Such ▁add itions ▁might ▁amount ▁to ▁no ▁more ▁than ▁the ▁insert ion ▁of ▁some ▁regional ▁or ▁personal ▁patron ▁saint ▁in ▁the ▁standard ized ▁calendar , ▁but ▁they ▁often ▁include ▁dev ot ional ▁material ▁added ▁by ▁the ▁owner . ▁O wn ers ▁could ▁write ▁in ▁specific ▁dates ▁important ▁to ▁them , ▁notes ▁on ▁the ▁months ▁where ▁things ▁happened ▁that ▁they ▁wished ▁to ▁remember , ▁and ▁even ▁the ▁images ▁found ▁within ▁these ▁books ▁would ▁be ▁personal ized ▁to ▁the ▁own ers - ▁such ▁as ▁local ized ▁sain ts ▁and ▁local ▁festiv ities . ▁By ▁at ▁least ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century , ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁and ▁Paris ▁work sh ops ▁were ▁producing ▁books ▁of ▁hours ▁for ▁stock ▁or ▁distribution , ▁rather ▁than ▁waiting ▁for ▁individual ▁comm issions . ▁These ▁were ▁sometimes ▁with ▁spaces ▁left ▁for ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁personal ized ▁elements ▁such ▁as ▁local ▁fe asts ▁or ▁her ald ry . ▁ ▁The ▁style ▁and ▁layout ▁for ▁traditional ▁books ▁of ▁hours ▁became ▁increasing ly ▁standard ized ▁around ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁the ▁th ir teenth ▁century . ▁ ▁The ▁new ▁style ▁can ▁be |
▁seen ▁in ▁the ▁books ▁produced ▁by ▁the ▁Oxford ▁ill umin ator ▁William ▁de ▁Bra iles ▁who ▁ran ▁a ▁commercial ▁work shop ▁( he ▁was ▁in ▁minor ▁orders ). ▁His ▁books ▁included ▁various ▁aspects ▁of ▁the ▁Church ' s ▁bre vi ary ▁and ▁other ▁lit urg ical ▁aspects ▁for ▁use ▁by ▁the ▁la ity . ▁" He ▁incorpor ated ▁a ▁perpet ual ▁calendar , ▁G osp els , ▁pray ers ▁to ▁the ▁Virgin ▁Mary , ▁the ▁St ations ▁of ▁the ▁Cross , ▁pray ers ▁to ▁the ▁Holy ▁Spirit , ▁Pen it ential ▁ps al ms , ▁l itan ies , ▁pray ers ▁for ▁the ▁dead , ▁and ▁suff rages ▁to ▁the ▁Sain ts . ▁The ▁book ’ s ▁goal ▁was ▁to ▁help ▁his ▁dev out ▁patron ess ▁to ▁structure ▁her ▁daily ▁spiritual ▁life ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁eight ▁canonical ▁hours , ▁Mat ins ▁to ▁Com pl ine , ▁observed ▁by ▁all ▁dev out ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Church . ▁The ▁text , ▁augment ed ▁by ▁rub ric ation , ▁g ild ing , ▁mini atures , ▁and ▁beautiful ▁ill umin ations , ▁sought ▁to ▁insp ire ▁med itation ▁on ▁the ▁myster ies ▁of ▁faith , ▁the ▁sacrifice ▁made ▁by ▁Christ ▁for ▁man , ▁and ▁the ▁horror s ▁of ▁hell , ▁and ▁to ▁especially ▁highlight ▁dev otion ▁to ▁the ▁Virgin ▁Mary ▁whose ▁popular ity ▁was ▁at ▁a ▁z en ith ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁century ." ▁This ▁arrangement ▁was ▁maintained ▁over ▁the ▁years ▁as ▁many ▁arist ocr ats ▁commission ed ▁the ▁production ▁of |
▁their ▁own ▁books . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century , ▁the ▁advent ▁of ▁printing ▁made ▁books ▁more ▁afford able ▁and ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁emer ging ▁middle - class ▁could ▁afford ▁to ▁buy ▁a ▁printed ▁book ▁of ▁hours , ▁and ▁new ▁manuscript s ▁were ▁only ▁commission ed ▁by ▁the ▁very ▁wealth y . ▁P aper ▁was ▁rare ▁and ▁most ▁books ▁of ▁hours ▁consisted ▁of ▁par ch ment ▁sheets ▁made ▁from ▁the ▁sk ins ▁of ▁either ▁sheep ▁or ▁go ats .[ 5 ] ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁ ▁The ▁Kit ab ▁sal at ▁al - s aw ai ▁( 1 5 1 4 ), ▁widely ▁considered ▁the ▁first ▁book ▁in ▁Arab ic ▁printed ▁using ▁move able ▁type , ▁is ▁a ▁book ▁of ▁hours ▁intended ▁for ▁Arab ic - spe aking ▁Christians ▁and ▁pres umably ▁commission ed ▁by ▁Pope ▁Julius ▁II . ▁ ▁Dec or ations ▁ ▁As ▁many ▁books ▁of ▁hours ▁are ▁rich ly ▁ill umin ated , ▁they ▁form ▁an ▁important ▁record ▁of ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁and ▁ 1 6 th ▁centuries ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁icon ography ▁of ▁medieval ▁Christian ity . ▁Some ▁of ▁them ▁were ▁also ▁decor ated ▁with ▁j ew elled ▁covers , ▁port ra its , ▁and ▁her ald ic ▁em blem s . ▁ ▁Some ▁were ▁bound ▁as ▁g ird le ▁books ▁for ▁easy ▁carrying , ▁though ▁few ▁of ▁these ▁or ▁other ▁medieval ▁bind ings ▁have ▁surv ived . ▁Lux ury ▁books , ▁like ▁the ▁Tal bot ▁H ours ▁of ▁John |
▁Tal bot , ▁ 1 st ▁Earl ▁of ▁Sh rew s bury , ▁may ▁include ▁a ▁portrait ▁of ▁the ▁owner , ▁and ▁in ▁this ▁case ▁his ▁wife , ▁kne eling ▁in ▁ad oration ▁of ▁the ▁Virgin ▁and ▁Child ▁as ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁don or ▁portrait . ▁In ▁expensive ▁books , ▁mini ature ▁cycles ▁showed ▁the ▁Life ▁of ▁the ▁Virgin ▁or ▁the ▁Pass ion ▁of ▁Christ ▁in ▁eight ▁scenes ▁decor ating ▁the ▁eight ▁H ours ▁of ▁the ▁Virgin , ▁and ▁the ▁Lab ours ▁of ▁the ▁Month s ▁and ▁signs ▁of ▁the ▁z od iac ▁decor ating ▁the ▁calendar . ▁Sec ular ▁scenes ▁of ▁calendar ▁cycles ▁include ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁known ▁images ▁from ▁books ▁of ▁hours , ▁and ▁played ▁an ▁important ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁history ▁of ▁landscape ▁painting . ▁ ▁From ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁decor ated ▁borders ▁round ▁the ▁edges ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁important ▁pages ▁were ▁common ▁in ▁heavily ▁ill umin ated ▁books , ▁including ▁books ▁of ▁hours . ▁At ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century ▁these ▁were ▁still ▁usually ▁based ▁on ▁fol i age ▁designs , ▁and ▁painted ▁on ▁a ▁plain ▁background , ▁but ▁by ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁century ▁col oured ▁or ▁pattern ed ▁background s ▁with ▁images ▁of ▁all ▁sorts ▁of ▁objects , ▁were ▁used ▁in ▁lux ury ▁books . ▁ ▁Second - hand ▁books ▁of ▁hours ▁were ▁often ▁modified ▁for ▁new ▁own ers , ▁even ▁among ▁royal ty . ▁After ▁defe ating ▁Richard ▁III , ▁Henry ▁VII ▁gave ▁Richard ' s ▁book |
▁of ▁hours ▁to ▁his ▁mother , ▁who ▁modified ▁it ▁to ▁include ▁her ▁name . ▁Her ald ry ▁was ▁usually ▁er ased ▁or ▁over - p aint ed ▁by ▁new ▁own ers . ▁Many ▁have ▁hand written ▁annotations , ▁personal ▁add itions ▁and ▁marg inal ▁notes ▁but ▁some ▁new ▁own ers ▁also ▁commission ed ▁new ▁craft s men ▁to ▁include ▁more ▁illustr ations ▁or ▁texts . ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁Lew ken or ▁of ▁Tro tt on ▁h ired ▁an ▁illustr ator ▁to ▁add ▁details ▁to ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Lew ken or ▁H ours . ▁Fly le aves ▁of ▁some ▁surv iving ▁books ▁include ▁notes ▁of ▁household ▁account ing ▁or ▁records ▁of ▁birth s ▁and ▁death s , ▁in ▁the ▁manner ▁of ▁later ▁family ▁b ibles . ▁Some ▁own ers ▁had ▁also ▁collected ▁aut ograph s ▁of ▁notable ▁visitors ▁to ▁their ▁house . ▁Books ▁of ▁hours ▁were ▁often ▁the ▁only ▁book ▁in ▁a ▁house , ▁and ▁were ▁commonly ▁used ▁to ▁teach ▁children ▁to ▁read , ▁sometimes ▁having ▁a ▁page ▁with ▁the ▁alphabet ▁to ▁assist ▁this . ▁ ▁Tow ards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century , ▁printer s ▁produced ▁books ▁of ▁hours ▁with ▁wood cut ▁illustr ations , ▁and ▁the ▁book ▁of ▁hours ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁works ▁decor ated ▁in ▁the ▁related ▁metal cut ▁technique . ▁ ▁The ▁lux ury ▁book ▁of ▁hours ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁the ▁book ▁of ▁hours ▁over to ok ▁the ▁ps alter ▁as ▁the ▁most ▁common ▁vehicle ▁for ▁lav |
ish ▁ill um ination . ▁This ▁partly ▁reflected ▁the ▁increasing ▁domin ance ▁of ▁ill um ination ▁both ▁commission ed ▁and ▁executed ▁by ▁lay men ▁rather ▁than ▁mon astic ▁cler gy . ▁From ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 4 th ▁century ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁bibli oph ile ▁royal ▁figures ▁began ▁to ▁collect ▁lux ury ▁ill umin ated ▁manuscript s ▁for ▁their ▁decor ations , ▁a ▁fashion ▁that ▁spread ▁across ▁Europe ▁from ▁the ▁Val ois ▁courts ▁of ▁France ▁and ▁the ▁Burg und y , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Prag ue ▁under ▁Charles ▁IV , ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Emperor ▁and ▁later ▁W ences laus . ▁A ▁generation ▁later , ▁Duke ▁Philip ▁the ▁Good ▁of ▁Burg und y ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁collect or ▁of ▁manuscript s , ▁with ▁several ▁of ▁his ▁circle ▁also ▁collect ing . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁during ▁this ▁period ▁that ▁the ▁F lem ish ▁cities ▁over to ok ▁Paris ▁as ▁the ▁leading ▁force ▁in ▁ill um ination , ▁a ▁position ▁they ▁retained ▁until ▁the ▁terminal ▁decl ine ▁of ▁the ▁ill umin ated ▁manuscript ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 6 th ▁century . ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁famous ▁collect or ▁of ▁all , ▁the ▁French ▁prince ▁John , ▁Duke ▁of ▁Ber ry ▁( 1 3 4 0 – 1 4 1 6 ) ▁owned ▁several ▁books ▁of ▁hours , ▁some ▁of ▁which ▁surv ive , ▁including ▁the ▁most ▁celebrated ▁of ▁all , ▁the ▁Tr ès ▁Rich es ▁He ures ▁du ▁Duc ▁de ▁Ber ry . ▁This ▁was ▁begun ▁around ▁ 1 4 1 0 ▁by ▁the ▁Lim bourg |
▁brothers , ▁although ▁left ▁incomplete ▁by ▁them , ▁and ▁decor ation ▁continued ▁over ▁several ▁dec ades ▁by ▁other ▁artists ▁and ▁own ers . ▁ ▁The ▁same ▁was ▁true ▁of ▁the ▁Tur in - Mil an ▁H ours , ▁which ▁also ▁passed ▁through ▁Ber ry ' s ▁ownership . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁mid - 1 5 th ▁century , ▁a ▁much ▁wider ▁group ▁of ▁nob ility ▁and ▁rich ▁business people ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁commission ▁highly ▁decor ated , ▁often ▁small , ▁books ▁of ▁hours . ▁With ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁printing , ▁the ▁market ▁contract ed ▁sharp ly , ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁the ▁fin est ▁quality ▁books ▁were ▁once ▁again ▁being ▁produced ▁only ▁for ▁royal ▁or ▁very ▁grand ▁collect ors . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁major ▁ill umin ated ▁book ▁of ▁hours ▁was ▁the ▁F arn ese ▁H ours ▁completed ▁for ▁the ▁Roman ▁Card inal ▁Aless andro ▁F arn ese ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 6 ▁by ▁Giul io ▁C lov io , ▁who ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁last ▁major ▁manuscript ▁ill umin ator . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁Selected ▁examples ▁See ▁: Category : Ill umin ated ▁books ▁of ▁hours ▁for ▁a ▁full er ▁list ▁ ▁In ▁Europe ▁ ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours , ▁' The ▁De ▁Bra iles ▁H ours ' ▁( former ly ▁known ▁as ▁' The ▁D ys on ▁Per r ins ▁H ours '), ▁ 1 2 4 0 , ▁British ▁Library , ▁Add . ▁MS ▁ 4 9 9 9 9 ▁ ▁Howard ▁Ps alter ▁and ▁H |
ours , ▁ 1 3 1 0 – 1 3 2 0 , ▁British ▁Library , ▁MS ▁ ▁A rund el ▁ 8 3 , ▁pt ▁ 1 ▁ ▁S for za ▁H ours : ▁London , ▁British ▁Library , ▁Add . ▁M s . ▁ 3 4 2 9 4 ▁ ▁Bed ford ▁H ours : ▁London , ▁British ▁Library , ▁Add . ▁M s . ▁ 1 8 8 5 0 ▁ ▁Tr ès ▁Rich es ▁He ures ▁du ▁Duc ▁de ▁Ber ry , ▁around ▁ 1 4 1 1 - 1 4 1 6 : ▁Musée ▁Cond é , ▁Ch ant illy ▁( France ), ▁M s . ▁ 6 5 ▁ ▁Tur in - Mil an ▁H ours : ▁Tur in ▁City ▁Museum ▁of ▁An cient ▁Art , ▁M s . ▁Inv . ▁ 4 7 ▁ ▁T res ▁b elles ▁heures ▁du ▁Duc ▁de ▁Ber ry : ▁Br uss els , ▁Royal ▁Library ▁of ▁Belg ium , ▁ 1 1 0 6 0 - 1 1 0 6 1 ▁ ▁Pet ites ▁heures ▁du ▁Duc ▁de ▁Ber ry : ▁Paris , ▁Royal ▁Library , ▁lat . ▁ 1 8 0 1 4 ▁ ▁Les ▁très ▁b elles ▁heures ▁de ▁Notre - D ame ▁du ▁Duc ▁de ▁Ber ry : ▁Paris , ▁Bibliothèque ▁nationale , ▁n ouv . ▁ac q . ▁lat . ▁ 3 0 9 3 ▁ ▁H ours ▁of ▁Gian ▁G ale azzo ▁Vis cont i , ▁Bibli oteca ▁Nazionale ▁in ▁Florence . ▁ ▁R oh |
an ▁H ours , ▁ 1 4 3 0 s , ▁B n F ▁▁ ▁T ay mouth ▁H ours ▁ ▁H ours ▁of ▁Ét ienne ▁Che val ier , ▁ 1 4 5 0 s ▁- ▁sheets ▁in ▁several ▁libraries ▁ ▁Black ▁H ours ▁of ▁G ale azzo ▁Maria ▁S for za , ▁c . ▁ 1 4 6 0 , ▁Aust rian ▁National ▁Library ▁in ▁Vienna ▁ ▁Grand es ▁He ures ▁of ▁Anne ▁of ▁Brit t any , ▁B n F ▁ ▁H ours ▁of ▁James ▁IV ▁of ▁Scotland , ▁c . ▁ 1 5 0 3 , ▁Aust rian ▁National ▁Library ▁ ▁Pr imer ▁of ▁Claude ▁of ▁France , ▁ 1 5 0 5 , ▁Cambridge , ▁Fitz will iam ▁Museum , ▁M s . ▁ 2 9 4 ▁- ▁simplified ▁for ▁a ▁young ▁prin cess ▁ ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours ▁( Mil an , ▁Bibli oteca ▁T riv ul z iana , ▁C od . ▁ 4 7 0 ) ▁ ▁H ours ▁of ▁Gian ▁G ale azzo ▁Vis cont i ▁ ▁L lan b eb lig ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours , ▁ 1 3 9 0 – 1 4 0 0 ; ▁National ▁Library ▁of ▁Wales , ▁N L W ▁MS ▁ 1 7 5 2 0 A ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁B elles ▁He ures ▁of ▁Jean ▁de ▁France , ▁Duc ▁de ▁Ber ry , ▁mini atures ▁of ▁' the ▁Lim burg ▁Brothers ': ▁New ▁York , ▁The ▁Metropolitan ▁Museum ▁of ▁Art , ▁The ▁Clo |
ister s ▁ ▁Black ▁H ours , ▁MS ▁M . 4 9 3 , ▁New ▁York , ▁The ▁Morgan ▁Library ▁& ▁Museum ▁ ▁H ours ▁of ▁Catherine ▁of ▁Cle ves , ▁ 1 5 th ▁century ▁( property ▁of ▁' K ath arina ▁van ▁Kle ef '): ▁New ▁York , ▁The ▁Morgan ▁Library ▁& ▁Museum ▁ ▁H ours ▁of ▁Jean ne ▁d ' E vre ux , ▁ 1 3 2 5 - 1 3 2 8 : ▁New ▁York , ▁The ▁Metropolitan ▁Museum ▁of ▁Art , ▁The ▁Clo ister s ▁ ▁H ours ▁of ▁Henry ▁VIII , ▁with ▁mini atures ▁by ▁Jean ▁Po yer : ▁New ▁York , ▁The ▁Morgan ▁Library ▁& ▁Museum ▁F arn ese ▁H ours , ▁ 1 5 4 6 , ▁ill umin ated ▁by ▁Giul io ▁C lov io , ▁Morgan ▁Library ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁ ▁In ▁Australia ▁ ▁Roth sch ild ▁P ray er book , ▁c . ▁ 1 5 0 0 – 1 5 2 0 ; ▁on ▁display ▁at ▁the ▁National ▁Library ▁of ▁Australia ▁in ▁Can ber ra , ▁owned ▁by ▁Australian ▁business man ▁Ker ry ▁Sto kes . ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours , ▁Bour ges , ▁c . ▁ 1 4 8 0 ; ▁acquired ▁at ▁the ▁sale ▁of ▁J . T . ▁H ack ett ' s ▁art ▁collection ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁State ▁Library ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales . ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours , ▁Ar ras , ▁ 1 5 th ▁century ; ▁acquired ▁at ▁the ▁sale |
▁of ▁J . T . ▁H ack ett ' s ▁art ▁collection ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁State ▁Library ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales . ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours , ▁Gh ent (? ), ▁ca . ▁ 1 4 9 0 ; ▁acquired ▁at ▁the ▁sale ▁of ▁J . T . ▁H ack ett ' s ▁art ▁collection ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁State ▁Library ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales . ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours , ▁Rou en , ▁ca . ▁ 1 5 0 0 – 1 5 1 0 ; ▁David ▁Scott ▁Mitchell ▁collection , ▁State ▁Library ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales . ▁Man ion , ▁Margaret ▁and ▁V ines , ▁V era . ▁Med ieval ▁and ▁Renaissance ▁Ill umin ated ▁Man us cript s ▁in ▁Australian ▁Col lections , ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁IE 9 7 3 7 0 7 8 ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Ag pe ya ▁ ▁Div ine ▁Service ▁( E astern ▁Orth odox y ) ▁and ▁Hor olog ion ▁ ▁Lit ur gy ▁of ▁the ▁H ours ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁The ▁Oxford ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁Art ▁ ▁D uff y , ▁E am on , ▁The ▁St ri pping ▁of ▁the ▁Alt ars : ▁Trad itional ▁Religion ▁in ▁England ▁ 1 4 0 0 - 1 5 8 0 ▁( Y ale , ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁▁ ▁E am on ▁D uff y ▁- ▁A ▁Very ▁Personal ▁Poss ession ▁( History ▁Today ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ |
▁John ▁Har than ▁- ▁The ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours : ▁With ▁a ▁Historical ▁Survey ▁and ▁Comment ary ▁by ▁John ▁Har than . ▁New ▁York : ▁Crow ell , ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁Pl um mer , ▁John , ▁The ▁H ours ▁of ▁Catherine ▁of ▁Cle ves , ▁New ▁York , ▁George ▁Bra z iller , ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁Thomas , ▁Marcel ; ▁The ▁Golden ▁Age ; ▁Man us cript ▁P ain ting ▁at ▁the ▁Time ▁of ▁Jean , ▁Duc ▁de ▁Ber ry , ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁Ch atto ▁& ▁Wind us , ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Ash ley , ▁K . M . ▁( 2 0 0 2 ) ▁Creating ▁Family ▁Identity ▁in ▁Books ▁of ▁H ours . ▁Journal ▁of ▁Med ieval ▁and ▁Early ▁Modern ▁Studies , ▁( 1 ) ▁ 1 4 5 – 1 6 5 . ▁ ▁C alk ins , ▁Robert ▁G . ▁Ill umin ated ▁Books ▁of ▁the ▁Middle ▁A ges . ▁I th aca , ▁New ▁York : ▁Corn ell ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁▁ ▁D ück ers , ▁Rob , ▁and ▁Pi eter ▁Ro el of s . ▁The ▁Lim bourg ▁Brothers ▁- ▁N ij m egen ▁Masters ▁at ▁the ▁French ▁Court ▁ 1 4 0 0 - 1 4 1 6 . ▁Gh ent : ▁Lud ion , ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁▁ ▁D uff y , ▁E am on . ▁Mark ing ▁the ▁H ours : ▁English ▁People ▁and ▁their |
▁P ray ers ▁ 1 2 4 0 ▁- ▁ 1 5 7 0 . ▁New ▁H aven : ▁Y ale ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁▁ ▁P ächt , ▁Otto . ▁Book ▁Ill um ination ▁in ▁the ▁Middle ▁A ges ▁( trans lation , ▁Kay ▁D aven port ), ▁London : ▁Har vey ▁Miller ▁Publish ers , ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁▁ ▁Sim m ons , ▁Ele an or . ▁Les ▁He ures ▁de ▁N ure m berg , ▁Les ▁Ed itions ▁du ▁Cer f , ▁Paris , ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁▁ ▁W ieck , ▁Roger ▁S . ▁P aint ed ▁P ray ers : ▁The ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours ▁in ▁Med ieval ▁and ▁Renaissance ▁Art , ▁New ▁York : ▁George ▁Bra z iller , ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁▁ ▁W ieck , ▁Roger ▁S . ▁Time ▁San ct ified : ▁The ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours ▁in ▁Med ieval ▁Art ▁and ▁Life , ▁New ▁York : ▁George ▁Bra z iller , ▁ 1 9 8 8 . ▁ ▁For ▁individual ▁work ▁ ▁The ▁H ours ▁of ▁Mary ▁of ▁Burg und y ▁( fac sim ile ▁edition ). ▁Har vey ▁Miller , ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁▁ ▁Bar st ow , ▁Kurt . ▁The ▁G ual eng hi - d ' E ste ▁H ours : ▁Art ▁and ▁Dev otion ▁in ▁Renaissance ▁Ferr ara . ▁Los ▁Angeles : ▁Get ty ▁Publications , ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁▁ ▁Clark |
, ▁Gregory ▁T . ▁The ▁Sp itz ▁Master : ▁A ▁Paris ian ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours . ▁Los ▁Angeles : ▁Get ty ▁Publications , ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁▁ ▁Me iss , ▁Mill ard , ▁and ▁Ed ith ▁W . ▁Kir sch . ▁The ▁Vis cont i ▁H ours . ▁New ▁York : ▁George ▁Bra z iller , ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁▁ ▁Me iss , ▁Mill ard , ▁and ▁Elizabeth ▁H . ▁Beat son . ▁ ▁The ▁B elles ▁He ures ▁of ▁Jean , ▁Duke ▁of ▁Ber ry . ▁New ▁York : ▁George ▁Bra z iller , ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁▁ ▁Me iss , ▁Mill ard , ▁and ▁Marcel ▁Thomas . ▁ ▁The ▁R oh an ▁Master : ▁A ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours ▁( trans lation , ▁Kath ar ine ▁W . ▁Car son ). ▁ ▁New ▁York : ▁George ▁Bra z iller , ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁▁ ▁Por cher , ▁Jean . ▁The ▁R oh an ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours : ▁With ▁an ▁Introduction ▁and ▁Notes ▁by ▁Jean ▁Por cher . ▁New ▁York : ▁Thomas ▁Y os el off , ▁ 1 9 5 9 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁General ▁information ▁ ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours ▁- ▁Harry ▁R ans om ▁Center ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Texas ▁at ▁Austin ▁ ▁World ▁Digital ▁Library ▁from ▁partner ▁- ▁Library ▁of ▁Congress ▁( Digital ▁Books ▁of ▁H ours ) ▁▁▁ ▁Sac red ▁Image ▁and ▁Ill usion ▁in ▁Late ▁F lem ish ▁Man us |
cript s , ▁Robert ▁G . ▁C alk ins , ▁Corn ell ▁University ▁Ab ebook s , ▁Collect ing ▁Books ▁of ▁H ours ▁with ▁a ▁varied ▁selection ▁of ▁examples . ▁ 5 4 1 ▁examples ▁from ▁the ▁Digital ▁S criptor ium ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours ▁T utorial , ▁Les ▁En l umin ures ▁and ▁The ▁Pier pont ▁Morgan ▁Library , ▁MS ▁M . 1 0 9 3 ▁ ▁B log : ▁P E CI A / ▁Le ▁manus crit ▁méd i é val ▁~ ▁The ▁medieval ▁manuscript ▁Pr ints ▁& ▁People : ▁A ▁Social ▁History ▁of ▁Print ed ▁Pictures , ▁an ▁exhibition ▁catalog ▁from ▁The ▁Metropolitan ▁Museum ▁of ▁Art ▁( fully ▁available ▁online ▁as ▁PDF ) ▁ ▁CH D ▁Center ▁for ▁H å nd sk rift stud ier ▁i ▁Dan mark , ▁founded ▁by ▁Erik ▁Dr ig sd ahl ▁ ▁Full ▁" turn ▁the ▁pages " ▁online ▁individual ▁manuscript s ▁Lav ish ly ▁illustrated ▁Books ▁of ▁H ours , ▁ 1 2 th ▁through ▁ 1 6 th ▁centuries , ▁Center ▁for ▁Digital ▁In iti atives , ▁University ▁of ▁Verm ont ▁L ibr aries ▁The ▁S for za ▁H ours ▁at ▁the ▁British ▁Library . ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours , ▁Use ▁of ▁Rome ▁( the ▁' G olf ▁Book '), ▁c . 1 5 4 0 , ▁B L , ▁Add ▁MS ▁ 2 4 0 9 8 . ▁Catholic ▁Church . ▁Book ▁of ▁hours ▁M s . Library ▁of ▁Congress . ▁Rosen wald ▁ms . ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 5 |
2 4 . ▁ 1 1 3 ▁leaves ▁( 2 3 ▁lines ▁( calendar ▁ 3 3 ▁lines )), ▁bound : ▁par ch ment , ▁col . ▁ill .; ▁ 2 4 cm . ▁ ▁P ict uring ▁P ray er , ▁Books ▁of ▁H ours ▁at ▁H ought on ▁Library , ▁Harvard ▁University . ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours , ▁of ▁Prem on str at ens ian ▁Use ▁at ▁the ▁Digital ▁Archives ▁In iti ative ▁Memorial ▁University ▁of ▁New found land . ▁Late ▁ 1 5 th ▁Century ▁French ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours - ▁De ▁Vill ers ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours , ▁Dig it ized ▁Collection : ▁Ut ah ▁State ▁University . ▁ ▁The ▁texts ▁A ▁Hyper text ▁Book ▁of ▁H ours ; ▁full ▁texts ▁and ▁translation ▁Late ▁Med ieval ▁and ▁Renaissance ▁Ill umin ated ▁Man us cript s ▁- ▁Books ▁of ▁H ours ▁ 1 4 0 0 - 1 5 3 0 ▁- ▁An ▁excellent ▁guide ▁containing ▁tables ▁describing ▁all ▁the ▁various ▁uses ; ▁also ▁with ▁original ▁Latin ▁texts ▁and ▁high - resol ution ▁photograph s ▁of ▁many ▁books . ▁Books ▁of ▁H ours ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁L ibr aries ▁- ▁fully ▁digit ized ▁with ▁descri ptions . ▁ ▁Category : Types ▁of ▁ill umin ated ▁manuscript ▁▁ ▁* ▁Category : Christ ian ▁gen res ▁Category : Christ ian ▁prayer ▁books <0x0A> </s> ▁Joseph ine ▁N kom o ▁( born ▁ 2 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Z imb ab we an ▁cr |
ick eter . ▁She ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁Z imb ab we ▁women ' s ▁national ▁cr icket ▁team ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Women ' s ▁Cr icket ▁World ▁Cup ▁Qual ifier ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁She ▁made ▁her ▁Women ' s ▁Tw enty 2 0 ▁International ▁( WT 2 0 I ) ▁debut ▁for ▁Z imb ab we ▁against ▁Nam ib ia ▁women ▁on ▁ 5 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Z imb ab we an ▁women ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Z imb ab we ▁women ▁Tw enty 2 0 ▁International ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁K we k we <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁D igu ill ín ▁River ▁is ▁a ▁river ▁in ▁ Ñ ub le ▁Region ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁portion ▁of ▁Central ▁Chile . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁Chile ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁E VAL U AC ION ▁DE ▁L OS ▁RE CUR S OS ▁H ID R IC OS ▁S UP ER F IC IA LES ▁EN ▁LA ▁C U EN CA ▁DE L ▁R IO ▁B IO ▁B IO ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Chile ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁ Ñ ub le ▁Region <0x0A> </s> ▁De press aria ▁mult if idae ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁De press ari idae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁John ▁Frederick ▁G ates |
▁Clar ke ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁North ▁America , ▁where ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁from ▁Oregon , ▁Washington , ▁Id aho ▁and ▁California . ▁ ▁The ▁wings pan ▁is ▁ 1 7 – 2 1 mm . ▁ ▁The ▁lar va e ▁feed ▁on ▁L om at ium ▁col umb ian um , ▁L om at ium ▁gray i ▁and ▁P tery x ia ▁t ere bin th ina . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 ▁Category : De press aria ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁North ▁America <0x0A> </s> ▁Har ri et ▁Reb e cca ▁Lane ▁John ston ▁( May ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁– ▁July ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 0 3 ) ▁acted ▁as ▁First ▁Lady ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁during ▁the ▁presiden cy ▁of ▁her ▁uncle , ▁lif el ong ▁b ach elor ▁James ▁Buch an an , ▁from ▁ 1 8 5 7 ▁to ▁ 1 8 6 1 . ▁Lane ▁is ▁among ▁eleven ▁women ▁who ▁have ▁served ▁as ▁First ▁Lady , ▁but ▁were ▁not ▁married ▁to ▁the ▁President , ▁with ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁women ▁being ▁relatives ▁of ▁wid owed ▁pres idents . ▁ ▁In ▁appearance ▁" H al " ▁Lane ▁was ▁of ▁medium ▁height , ▁with ▁masses ▁of ▁light , ▁almost ▁golden - color ed ▁hair . ▁She ▁had ▁eyes ▁that ▁were ▁described ▁as ▁" v io let ▁colored ". ▁ ▁Early ▁Life |
▁Har ri et ▁Lane ' s ▁family ▁was ▁from ▁Franklin ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁young est ▁child ▁of ▁Elli ott ▁To le ▁Lane , ▁a ▁merchant , ▁and ▁Jane ▁Ann ▁Buch an an ▁Lane . ▁She ▁lost ▁her ▁mother ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁ 9 ; ▁when ▁her ▁father ' s ▁death ▁ 2 year s ▁later ▁made ▁her ▁an ▁or phan , ▁she ▁requested ▁that ▁her ▁favorite ▁uncle , ▁James ▁Buch an an , ▁be ▁appointed ▁her ▁legal ▁guard ian . ▁Buch an an , ▁an ▁un mar ried ▁Democratic ▁sen ator ▁from ▁Pennsylvania , ▁indul ged ▁his ▁nie ce ▁and ▁her ▁sister , ▁en rolling ▁them ▁in ▁board ing ▁schools ▁in ▁Charles ▁Town , ▁Virginia ▁( l ater ▁for ▁two ▁years ▁at ▁the ▁Ge or get own ▁Vis itation ▁Mon aster y ▁in ▁the ▁Ge or get own ▁section ▁of ▁Washington , ▁D . C .) ▁By ▁this ▁time , ▁Buch an an ▁was ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State , ▁and , ▁as ▁he ▁had ▁promised , ▁he ▁introduced ▁her ▁to ▁fashion able ▁and ▁political ▁circles . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 4 , ▁she ▁joined ▁him ▁in ▁London , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁minister ▁to ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁St . ▁James ' s . ▁Queen ▁Victoria ▁gave ▁" de ar ▁Miss ▁Lane " ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁amb assador ' s ▁wife ; ▁adm iring ▁suit ors ▁gave ▁her ▁the ▁fame ▁of ▁a ▁beauty . ▁ ▁First ▁Lady ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁The ▁capital ▁wel com ed ▁its ▁new |
▁" D em ocr atic ▁Queen " ▁to ▁the ▁White ▁House ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 7 . ▁Har ri et ▁was ▁a ▁popular ▁host ess ▁during ▁the ▁four ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁Buch an an ▁presiden cy . ▁Women ▁copied ▁her ▁hair ▁and ▁cl othing ▁styles ▁( es pecially ▁when ▁she ▁lower ed ▁the ▁neck line ▁on ▁her ▁inaug ural ▁g own ▁by ▁ 2 . 5 in ches ), ▁parents ▁named ▁their ▁daughters ▁for ▁her , ▁and ▁a ▁popular ▁song ▁(" List en ▁to ▁the ▁Mock ing bird ") ▁was ▁dedicated ▁to ▁her . ▁While ▁in ▁the ▁White ▁House , ▁she ▁used ▁her ▁position ▁to ▁promote ▁social ▁causes , ▁such ▁as ▁impro ving ▁the ▁living ▁conditions ▁of ▁Native ▁Americans ▁in ▁res erv ations . ▁She ▁also ▁made ▁a ▁point ▁of ▁inv iting ▁artists ▁and ▁mus icians ▁to ▁White ▁House ▁functions . ▁For ▁both ▁her ▁popular ity ▁and ▁her ▁advoc acy ▁work , ▁she ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁the ▁modern ▁first ▁ladies , ▁and ▁her ▁popular ity ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁is ▁compared ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁Jac qu eline ▁Kennedy ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁The ▁president ial ▁y acht ▁was ▁named ▁for ▁her — the ▁first ▁of ▁several ▁ships ▁to ▁be ▁named ▁after ▁her , ▁one ▁of ▁which ▁remains ▁in ▁service . ▁ ▁As ▁section al ▁t ensions ▁increased , ▁she ▁worked ▁out ▁se ating ▁arrang ements ▁for ▁her ▁week ly ▁formal ▁dinner ▁parties ▁with ▁special ▁care , ▁to ▁give ▁dign itar ies ▁their ▁proper |
▁preced ence ▁and ▁still ▁keep ▁political ▁fo es ▁apart . ▁Her ▁tact ▁did ▁not ▁fal ter , ▁but ▁her ▁task ▁became ▁impossible — as ▁did ▁her ▁uncle ' s . ▁Seven ▁states ▁had ▁se ced ed ▁by ▁the ▁time ▁Buch an an ▁retired ▁from ▁office ▁and ▁returned ▁with ▁his ▁nie ce ▁to ▁his ▁sp a cious ▁country ▁home , ▁Whe at land , ▁near ▁Lanc aster , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁ ▁Rom ance ▁and ▁marriage ▁During ▁her ▁time ▁in ▁England , ▁Sir ▁Fitz roy ▁Kelly , ▁then ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Pal mer ston ' s ▁att orney ▁general , ▁proposed ▁marriage ▁to ▁her ; ▁Queen ▁Victoria ▁was ▁strongly ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁this ▁match , ▁as ▁it ▁would ▁keep ▁Lane ▁in ▁England . ▁ ▁Lane ▁considered ▁the ▁advantages ▁of ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁b ach el ors . ▁Her ▁uncle ▁ca ution ed ▁Lane ▁against ▁" r ushing ▁precip it ately ▁into ▁mat rim onial ▁connections " ▁as ▁his ▁w ard ▁found ▁her ▁potential ▁suit ors ▁" ple asant ▁but ▁dread fully ▁troubles ome ". ▁Lane ▁eventually ▁married ▁Baltimore ▁bank er ▁Henry ▁Elli ott ▁John ston ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 3 6 . ▁They ▁had ▁two ▁sons ▁but ▁within ▁ 1 8 year s ▁her ▁uncle , ▁her ▁husband , ▁and ▁her ▁children ▁had ▁died . ▁ ▁Later ▁life ▁and ▁death ▁Har ri et ▁wrote ▁her ▁will ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 5 ▁and ▁lived ▁another ▁eight ▁years , ▁during ▁which ▁the ▁country ' s ▁general ▁prosper ity ▁greatly ▁increased ▁the ▁value ▁of ▁her ▁estate |
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