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▁att raction ▁such ▁that ▁state ▁variables ▁with ▁initial ▁conditions ▁in ▁that ▁bas in ▁( and ▁now here ▁else ) ▁will ▁evol ve ▁toward ▁that ▁attract or . ▁Even ▁nearby ▁initial ▁conditions ▁could ▁be ▁in ▁bas ins ▁of ▁att raction ▁of ▁different ▁attract ors ▁( see ▁for ▁example ▁Newton ' s ▁method # Bas ins ▁of ▁att raction ). ▁ ▁Moreover , ▁in ▁those ▁non linear ▁systems ▁showing ▁cha otic ▁behavior , ▁the ▁evolution ▁of ▁the ▁variables ▁exhib its ▁sensitive ▁dependence ▁on ▁initial ▁conditions : ▁the ▁iter ated ▁values ▁of ▁any ▁two ▁very ▁nearby ▁points ▁on ▁the ▁same ▁strange ▁attract or , ▁while ▁each ▁remaining ▁on ▁the ▁attract or , ▁will ▁diver ge ▁from ▁each ▁other ▁over ▁time . ▁Thus ▁even ▁on ▁a ▁single ▁attract or ▁the ▁precise ▁values ▁of ▁the ▁initial ▁conditions ▁make ▁a ▁substantial ▁difference ▁for ▁the ▁future ▁positions ▁of ▁the ▁iter ates . ▁This ▁feature ▁makes ▁accurate ▁simulation ▁of ▁future ▁values ▁difficult , ▁and ▁impossible ▁over ▁long ▁hor iz ons , ▁because ▁stating ▁the ▁initial ▁conditions ▁with ▁exact ▁precision ▁is ▁s eld om ▁possible ▁and ▁because ▁round ing ▁error ▁is ▁in ev itable ▁after ▁even ▁only ▁a ▁few ▁iterations ▁from ▁an ▁exact ▁initial ▁condition . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Initial ization ▁vector , ▁in ▁crypt ography ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Rec urrence ▁relations ▁Category : D iffer ential ▁equations <0x0A> </s> ▁African ▁Independ ence ▁Party ▁() ▁was ▁a ▁political ▁party ▁in ▁Bur k ina ▁F aso ▁( former ly ▁Upper ▁Vol ta ), ▁led ▁by ▁Philippe ▁O u éd ra |
ogo . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Pan - A fr ican ▁commun ist ▁African ▁Independ ence ▁Party ▁( PA I ), ▁which ▁established ▁its ▁branch ▁in ▁Upper ▁Vol ta ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁PA I ▁launched ▁the ▁Patri otic ▁League ▁for ▁Development ▁( LI P AD ) ▁as ▁its ▁open ▁mass ▁front . ▁L IP AD ▁became ▁an ▁important ▁movement ▁during ▁the ▁revolution ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁through ▁L IP AD ▁PA I ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁Thomas ▁Sank ara ▁government ▁for ▁one ▁year . ▁Then ▁relations ▁with ▁Sank ara ▁sou red ▁and ▁L IP AD ▁was ▁exp elled ▁from ▁the ▁government . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁parliament ary ▁elections , ▁PA I ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁pro - g overn ment ▁Popular ▁Front . ▁PA I ▁won ▁two ▁seats . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁the ▁PA I ▁split , ▁and ▁Sou man e ▁Tour é ▁formed ▁a ▁parallel ▁PA I . ▁The ▁PA I ▁led ▁by ▁Tour é , ▁which ▁joined ▁the ▁government , ▁obtained ▁the ▁legal ▁recognition ▁of ▁the ▁name ▁PA I . ▁The ▁PA I ▁led ▁by ▁O u éd ra ogo ▁registered ▁an ▁elect oral ▁party , ▁Party ▁for ▁Dem ocracy ▁and ▁Social ism ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁contest ▁the ▁elections ▁on ▁ 5 ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁P DS ▁won ▁ 1 . 7 % ▁of ▁the |
▁popular ▁vote ▁and ▁ 2 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 1 1 ▁seats . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁O u éd ra ogo ▁won ▁ 2 . 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote ▁in ▁the ▁president ial ▁elections . ▁He ▁was ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁PA I , ▁the ▁P DS , ▁the ▁CD S , ▁the ▁G DP ▁and ▁the ▁U FP . ▁ ▁PA I ▁published ▁L ' Av ant - G arde . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁the ▁party ▁merged ▁into ▁Party ▁for ▁Dem ocracy ▁and ▁Social ism / Met ba . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 3 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Upper ▁Vol ta ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁Bur k ina ▁F aso ▁Category : Comm un ist ▁parties ▁in ▁Bur k ina ▁F aso ▁Category : Def unct ▁political ▁parties ▁in ▁Bur k ina ▁F aso ▁Category : Pan - A fr ican ist ▁political ▁parties ▁in ▁Africa ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁parties ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁parties ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁Mira ▁Ban j ac ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 4 ▁November ▁ 1 9 2 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Ser bian ▁actress . ▁ ▁She ▁won ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁awards , ▁including ▁an ▁award ▁for ▁her ▁work ▁in ▁M amar o š ▁from ▁Brasil ▁and ▁ ▁Golden ▁Medal ▁for ▁Mer its ▁of ▁Republic ▁of ▁Ser bia . |
▁ ▁Selected ▁film ography ▁ ▁Beach ▁Guard ▁in ▁Winter ▁( 1 9 7 6 ) ▁ ▁Do ▁You ▁Remember ▁Dol ly ▁Bell ? ▁( 1 9 8 1 ) ▁ ▁The ▁El us ive ▁Summer ▁of ▁' 6 8 ▁( 1 9 8 4 ) ▁▁ 7 2 ▁Days ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁When ▁Day ▁Bre aks ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁M amar o š ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁The ▁High ▁Sun ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Re qu iem ▁for ▁Mrs . ▁J . ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Er dev ik ▁Category : Ser bian ▁film ▁actress es ▁Category : G old en ▁Arena ▁w inners ▁Category : La ure ates ▁of ▁the ▁Ring ▁of ▁Dob rica ▁Category : Ž anka ▁Sto ki ć ▁award ▁w inners <0x0A> </s> ▁Mer ry bro ok ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁known ▁remaining ▁home ▁of ▁American ▁Civil ▁War ▁Confeder ate ▁sp y ▁Laura ▁Rat cl iffe . ▁The ▁house ▁is ▁located ▁south ▁of ▁Her nd on , ▁Virginia , ▁in ▁Fair f ax ▁County . ▁ ▁She ▁lived ▁here ▁from ▁the ▁earliest ▁days ▁of ▁the ▁Civil ▁War ▁until ▁her ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 3 . ▁The ▁interior , ▁out - build ings ▁and ▁grounds ▁still ▁retain ▁the ▁atmosphere ▁of ▁earlier ▁times . ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁March ▁ 2 |
0 0 7 , ▁the ▁Virginia ▁Department ▁of ▁Historic ▁Resources ▁approved ▁the ▁current ▁owner ' s ▁application ▁and ▁placed ▁Mer ry bro ok ▁on ▁the ▁Virginia ▁Land marks ▁Register . ▁The ▁application ▁to ▁put ▁Mer ry bro ok ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Historic ▁Register ▁is ▁currently ▁await ing ▁appro val ▁from ▁the ▁National ▁Park ▁Service . ▁However , ▁urban ▁enc ro achment ▁continues , ▁the ▁recent ▁w iden ing ▁of ▁Centre ville ▁Road ▁was ▁a ▁near ▁miss ▁for ▁Mer ry bro ok ▁which ▁still ▁surv ives ▁behind ▁the ▁trees . ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁As ▁the ▁great ▁grand d augh ter ▁of ▁Richard ▁Rat cl iffe , ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁Prov idence ▁now ▁called ▁Fair f ax ▁City , ▁Laura ▁was ▁born ▁there ▁May ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 8 3 6 . ▁When ▁war ▁came ▁she ▁immediately ▁sought ▁to ▁support ▁her ▁family ▁and ▁neighb ors . ▁While ▁car ing ▁for ▁the ▁wounded ▁she ▁was ▁noticed ▁by ▁Col ▁J . ▁E . ▁B . ▁Stuart ▁for ▁whom ▁she ▁became ▁a ▁valuable ▁sp y . ▁There ▁was ▁a ▁large ▁rock ▁near ▁her ▁home ▁where ▁she ▁would ▁conce al ▁money ▁and ▁messages ▁for ▁Col . ▁Mos by . ▁Stuart ▁wrote ▁adm iring ▁po ems ▁dedicated ▁to ▁her ▁and ▁finally ▁asked ▁her ▁to ▁marry ▁him . ▁Laura , ▁true ▁to ▁her ▁own ▁strong ▁moral ▁conv ict ions , ▁decl ined . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁near ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁present - day ▁F ry ing ▁Pan ▁Farm ▁Park . ▁ ▁Laura ▁was ▁adm ired ▁locally ▁for ▁her ▁bra |
very ▁and ▁her ▁beauty ▁and ▁was ▁acknowled ged ▁by ▁Col . ▁Stuart ▁in ▁many ▁ways . ▁He ▁presented ▁her ▁with ▁a ▁gold - emb oss ed ▁brown ▁le ather ▁album ▁with ▁the ▁following ▁ ▁ins cription ▁on ▁the ▁front ▁page : ▁" Pres ented ▁to ▁Miss ▁Laura ▁Rat cl iffe ▁by ▁her ▁soldier - friend ▁as ▁a ▁token ▁of ▁his ▁high ▁appreci ation ▁of ▁her ▁patri ot ism , ▁adm iration ▁of ▁her ▁virt ues , ▁and ▁p ledge ▁of ▁his ▁last ing ▁este em ." ▁▁ ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁signed ▁not ▁only ▁by ▁Stuart ▁but ▁also ▁by ▁many ▁other ▁soldiers ▁who ▁fought ▁with ▁him ▁including ▁Mos by ▁and ▁Brig ad ier ▁General ▁Fitz h ugh ▁Lee . ▁ ▁Many ▁of ▁her ▁local ▁friends ▁had ▁also ▁signed ▁the ▁book . ▁She ▁quietly ▁kept ▁this ▁mem oir , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Stuart ' s ▁gold ▁watch ▁chain , ▁among ▁her ▁poss essions ▁at ▁Mer ry bro ok . ▁These ▁items ▁were ▁discovered ▁in ▁her ▁effects ▁after ▁her ▁death . ▁ ▁Col . ▁John ▁Mos by , ▁the ▁famous ▁Confeder ate ▁R anger ▁har ass ed ▁Union ▁Army ▁positions ▁throughout ▁this ▁area . ▁In cred ibly ▁d aring , ▁he ▁rode ▁into ▁Fair f ax ▁City ▁one ▁night ▁and ▁sn atch ed ▁Union ▁Brig ad ier ▁General ▁Ed win ▁St ought on ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁bed ▁behind ▁Union ▁lines ▁and ▁made ▁off ▁with ▁him . ▁▁ ▁February ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁- ▁Col . ▁Mos by ▁was ▁planning ▁to ▁ra id |
▁the ▁Union ▁pick et ▁lines ▁in ▁Fair f ax ▁when ▁he ▁had ▁word ▁of ▁a ▁band ▁of ▁ro bb ers ▁nearby . ▁These ▁men ▁had ▁been ▁stri pping ▁citiz en ' s ▁homes ▁of ▁valu ables , ▁ste aling ▁horses ▁and ▁even ▁taking ▁the ▁local ▁doctor ' s ▁medical ▁s add leb ags ▁after ▁encounter ing ▁him ▁on ▁the ▁road . ▁Mos by ▁captured ▁them ▁and ▁sent ▁them ▁to ▁Richmond ▁and ▁returned ▁the ▁st olen ▁property . ▁ ▁He ▁proceeded ▁on ▁the ▁next ▁day ▁toward ▁Union ▁pick et - post ▁near ▁F ry ing ▁Pan ▁Church . ▁▁ ▁That ▁night ▁a ▁Union ▁officer , ▁L t . ▁Pal mer ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Virginia ▁came ▁to ▁Laura ' s ▁house ▁to ▁ask ▁for ▁some ▁milk . ▁He ▁b rag ged ▁to ▁Laura ▁that ▁an ▁amb ush ▁had ▁been ▁set ▁for ▁Mos by ▁saying , ▁" I ▁know ▁you ▁would ▁give ▁Mos by ▁any ▁information ▁in ▁your ▁possession ; ▁but , ▁as ▁you ▁have ▁no ▁horses ▁and ▁the ▁mud ▁is ▁too ▁deep ▁for ▁women ▁fol ks ▁to ▁walk , ▁you ▁can ' t ▁tell ▁him ; ▁so ▁the ▁next ▁you ▁hear ▁of ▁your ▁' pet ' ▁he ▁will ▁be ▁either ▁dead ▁or ▁our ▁prisoner ." ▁▁ ▁He ▁under est im ated ▁her . ▁Laura ▁went ▁out ▁on ▁foot ▁across ▁the ▁fields ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁George ▁Cole man ▁to ▁ask ▁him ▁to ▁watch ▁Mos by . ▁As ▁luck ▁would ▁have ▁it , ▁her ▁path ▁crossed ▁Mos by ' s ▁and ▁she ▁was ▁able ▁to |
▁warn ▁him ▁herself , ▁thus ▁saving ▁him ▁from ▁capture . ▁He ▁acknowled ged ▁his ▁great ▁deb t ▁to ▁her ▁in ▁his ▁mem oir s . ▁▁ ▁Rat cl iffe ' s ▁assistance ▁to ▁Mos by , ▁besides ▁saving ▁his ▁life , ▁included ▁providing ▁tim ely ▁information ▁on ▁Union ▁tro op ▁movements , ▁hiding ▁both ▁men ▁and ▁money ▁for ▁him , ▁and ▁occasionally ▁acting ▁as ▁" bank er " ▁for ▁the ▁R angers . ▁ ▁Till ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁War , ▁Laura ▁worked ▁in ▁close ▁co operation ▁with ▁Mos by . ▁ ▁He ▁often ▁used ▁her ▁home ▁as ▁his ▁headquarters , ▁and ▁would ▁meet ▁his ▁men ▁at ▁a ▁large ▁rock ▁out cro pping ▁nearby , ▁which ▁was ▁later ▁known ▁as ▁" M os by ' s ▁Rock ". ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁also ▁apparently ▁where ▁Laura ▁successfully ▁hid ▁several ▁thousand ▁dollars ▁entr usted ▁to ▁her ▁after ▁the ▁R angers ▁had ▁liber ated ▁it ▁from ▁a ▁Union ▁train . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁Virginia ▁Department ▁of ▁Historic ▁Resources ▁approved ▁a ▁historical ▁highway ▁marker ▁for ▁Mos by ' s ▁Rock ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁den oting ▁its ▁significance . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Mer ry bro ok : ▁A ▁Property ▁W orth ▁S aving ▁Washington ▁Times ▁special ▁by ▁Charles ▁V . ▁Mau ro ▁September ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Her nd on - area ▁woman ▁saves ▁Mos by ▁ ▁Category : H ouses ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Virginia ▁Category : H ouses ▁in ▁Fair f |
ax ▁County , ▁Virginia ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Fair f ax ▁County , ▁Virginia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Pal azzo ▁dei ▁Pri ori ▁is ▁a ▁historic ▁building ▁in ▁Per ug ia , ▁Um b ria , ▁central ▁Italy . ▁▁ ▁As ▁in ▁other ▁Italian ▁medieval ▁communes , ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁the ▁pri ori ▁(" first ▁citizens "). ▁This ▁magistr ature ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁Per ug ia ▁in ▁ 1 3 0 3 : ▁the ▁pal azzo ▁had ▁been ▁called ▁the ▁Pal azzo ▁Nu ovo ▁del ▁Pop olo ▁(" New ▁Palace ▁of ▁the ▁People ") ▁to ▁that ▁point . ▁During ▁int ract able ▁civ ic ▁quar rel s , ▁a ▁pod est à ▁might ▁be ▁established , ▁hous ed ▁in ▁a ▁separate ▁structure , ▁the ▁Pal azzo ▁del ▁Pod est à , ▁of ▁which ▁only ▁the ▁Log gia ▁added ▁by ▁B rac cio ▁da ▁Mont one ▁fl ank ing ▁the ▁C athedral ▁of ▁San ▁Lorenzo ▁e ▁San ▁Er col ano ▁remains . ▁When ▁the ▁pal azzo ▁of ▁this ▁rival ▁to ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁the ▁Pri ori ▁burn ed ▁in ▁ 1 5 3 4 , ▁significantly , ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁replaced , ▁but ▁fragments ▁from ▁it ▁were ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁the ▁arch bishop ' s ▁palace , ▁also ▁front ing ▁the ▁main ▁pia zza . ▁ ▁The ▁Mag istr atura ▁dei ▁Pri ori ▁that ▁was ▁hous ed ▁in ▁the ▁structure ▁consisted ▁of ▁ten ▁represent atives ▁of ▁each ▁of ▁Per ug ia ' s ▁main ▁gu ild s ▁from ▁among |
▁the ▁forty - four ▁that ▁existed , ▁permitted ▁a ▁ten ure ▁of ▁only ▁two ▁months . ▁The ▁money - ch angers , ▁who ▁were ▁hous ed ▁in ▁their ▁own ▁ad jo ining ▁qu arters ▁in ▁the ▁fif teenth ▁century , ▁had ▁the ▁privile ge ▁of ▁always ▁being ▁represented ▁among ▁the ▁Pri ori , ▁and ▁the ▁mer ch ants ' ▁gu ild ▁was ▁represented ▁by ▁two ▁members ▁instead ▁of ▁one . ▁After ▁the ▁Salt ▁War ▁of ▁ 1 5 4 0 ▁with ▁Pope ▁Paul ▁III , ▁the ▁Pri ori ▁were ▁renamed ▁“ Con serv atori ▁dell ’ E cc les iast ica ▁O bb ed ienza ” ▁(" Ke ep ers ▁of ▁E cc les iast ical ▁O bed ience ") ▁and , ▁the ▁Pal azzo ▁del ▁Pod est à ▁having ▁been ▁destroyed , ▁the ▁Pal azzo ▁dei ▁Pri ori ▁became ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁the ▁Pap al ▁Leg ate , ▁the ▁new ▁governor ▁of ▁Per ug ia . ▁When ▁Pope ▁Julius ▁III ▁restored ▁the ▁Pri ori , ▁the ▁grateful ▁Per ug ini ▁comm emor ated ▁him ▁with ▁the ▁bronze ▁statue ▁next ▁to ▁the ▁C athedral . ▁ ▁The ▁structure ▁commands ▁the ▁corner ▁where ▁the ▁main ▁ar tery ▁of ▁medieval ▁Per ug ia , ▁Cor so ▁V ann ucci , ▁enters ▁the ▁city ' s ▁main ▁square ; ▁a ▁first ▁section ▁was ▁constructed ▁in ▁ 1 2 9 3 - 9 7 , ▁at ▁first ▁as ▁the ▁Pal at ium ▁Nov um ▁Pop uli , ▁the ▁" new ▁Palace ▁of ▁the ▁People ", ▁with ▁ten |
▁b ays ▁along ▁the ▁Cor so ▁and ▁three ▁facing ▁the ▁pia zza . ▁Two ▁more ▁b ays ▁and ▁a ▁grand ▁entrance ▁portal ▁were ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁pia zza ▁fa ç ade ▁in ▁ 1 3 3 3 - 3 7 , ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁arc aded ▁log gia , ▁where ▁decre es ▁were ▁public ly ▁read . ▁Later ▁in ▁the ▁four teenth ▁century ▁the ▁pal azzo ▁was ▁extended ▁along ▁the ▁Cor so , ▁with ▁six ▁b ays ▁and ▁a ▁rich ly ▁car ved ▁entrance ▁door way ▁worthy ▁of ▁a ▁c athedral . ▁R ising ▁above , ▁a ▁tower ▁sur mount s ▁and ▁controls ▁the ▁arch ed ▁access ▁to ▁Via ▁dei ▁Pri ori , ▁the ▁ancient ▁way ▁that ▁desc ends ▁to ▁the ▁E tr us can ▁gateway , ▁the ▁Roman ▁Port a ▁Tras im ena , ▁which ▁was ▁Christian ized ▁as ▁the ▁Ar ca ▁di ▁S . ▁Lu ca . ▁ ▁A ▁further ▁section ▁down ▁the ▁Cor so ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 4 2 9 - 4 3 , ▁still ▁keeping ▁to ▁the ▁Goth ic ▁tri part ite ▁fen estr ation , ▁to ▁house ▁the ▁Colleg io ▁del ▁Camb io , ▁the ▁" m oney ▁exchange " ▁that ▁was ▁the ▁financial ▁center ▁of ▁Per ug ia . ▁ ▁The ▁per imeter ▁of ▁the ▁roof ▁was ▁originally ▁c ren ell ated ▁all ▁around , ▁less ▁for ▁actual ▁def ensive ▁purposes ▁than ▁as ▁a ▁symbol ▁of ▁Per ug ia ' s ▁independence . ▁Sign ific antly , ▁the ▁c ren ell ations ▁were ▁removed ▁in |
▁ 1 6 1 0 , ▁when ▁Per ug ia ▁had ▁submitted ▁at ▁last ▁to ▁pap al ▁arm ies . ▁When ▁Per ug ia ▁was ▁joined ▁to ▁a ▁un ited ▁Italy , ▁the ▁c ren ell ations ▁were ▁triumph antly ▁restored . ▁ ▁The ▁grand ▁portal ▁in ▁the ▁Pia zza ▁is ▁sur mount ed ▁by ▁the ▁city ' s ▁symbols , ▁the ▁gr iff in ▁of ▁Per ug ia ▁and ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Gu elf ▁l ion , ▁in ▁bronze ; ▁the ▁original s ▁were ▁probably ▁cast ▁in ▁the ▁Ar sen al ▁of ▁Ven ice , ▁in ▁ 1 2 7 4 , ▁the ▁first ▁European ▁bronze ▁cast ings ▁in ▁the ▁round ▁achieved ▁since ▁Anti qu ity . ▁A bove ▁the ▁door , ▁str ung ▁on ▁a ▁bar ▁h anging ▁from ▁ch ains ▁the ▁keys ▁to ▁the ▁gates ▁of ▁S ien a ▁were ▁triumph antly ▁displayed , ▁following ▁the ▁victory ▁of ▁Per ug ia ▁at ▁the ▁battle ▁of ▁Tor rita , ▁ 1 3 5 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁portal ▁leads ▁to ▁an ▁aust ere ▁v ault ed ▁under cro ft ▁with ▁the ▁st airs ▁leading ▁to ▁the ▁v ault ed ▁fres co ed ▁S ala ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁council ▁chamber ▁of ▁the ▁Pri ori ▁on ▁the ▁piano ▁nob ile ; ▁the ▁S ala ▁was ▁allocated ▁to ▁the ▁not aries ▁gu ild ▁in ▁ 1 5 8 2 , ▁as ▁the ▁S ala ▁dei ▁Not ari , ▁when ▁their ▁former ▁qu arters , ▁the ▁Pal az zet to ▁dei ▁Not ari , ▁on ▁the |
▁opposite ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁Cor so ▁were ▁partially ▁demol ished ▁in ▁a ▁street ▁w iden ing . ▁On ▁the ▁left ▁is ▁the ▁entrance ▁to ▁the ▁Gall eria ▁Nazionale ▁dell ' U mb ria ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁out standing ▁provincial ▁Italian ▁collections ▁of ▁art . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Per ug ia ▁On - line : ▁Pal azzo ▁dei ▁Pri ori ▁ ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 2 9 7 ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 4 4 3 ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Per ug ia ▁Category : G all eria ▁Nazionale ▁dell ' U mb ria ▁Category : G oth ic ▁architecture ▁in ▁Per ug ia ▁Pri ori , ▁Per ug ia ▁Category : T our ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁Um b ria <0x0A> </s> ▁Pul ya ▁Taylor ▁is ▁an ▁Ab original ▁artist ▁from ▁central ▁Australia . ▁She ▁makes ▁wooden ▁objects , ▁known ▁in ▁the ▁Western ▁Des ert ▁as ▁. ▁She ▁makes ▁these ▁by ▁car ving ▁the ▁wood ▁and ▁then ▁eng ra ving ▁patterns ▁() ▁into ▁its ▁surface ▁with ▁a ▁burning ▁wire . ▁This ▁technique ▁is ▁called ▁pok er work . ▁The ▁wood ▁she ▁uses ▁is ▁s our ced ▁locally ▁from ▁the ▁area ▁around ▁U lu <0xE1> <0xB9> <0x9F> u , ▁where ▁she ▁lives . ▁ ▁Taylor ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁grew ▁up ▁around ▁Wal yt j at j ata , ▁in ▁the ▁south west ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁Northern ▁Territ ory . ▁She ▁began ▁working ▁in ▁arts ▁and ▁craft s |
▁at ▁Ern abel la ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 4 0 s . ▁She ▁later ▁moved ▁to ▁Ama ṯ a ▁with ▁her ▁husband , ▁Tony ▁T j ami wa . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁Taylor ▁and ▁T j ami wa , ▁together ▁with ▁T ops y ▁T j uly ata , ▁Walter ▁P uk ut iw ara , ▁Peter ▁Y ates ▁and ▁Pat ▁D ' Ar ango , ▁travel led ▁around ▁artist ▁communities ▁in ▁the ▁A <0xE1> <0xB9> <0x89> angu ▁Pit j ant j at j ara ▁Y ank un yt j at j ara ▁Land s . ▁This ▁was ▁to ▁discuss ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁setting ▁up ▁a ▁new ▁craft ▁centre ▁at ▁U lu <0xE1> <0xB9> <0x9F> u , ▁which ▁would ▁sell ▁art works ▁from ▁around ▁the ▁region ▁to ▁tour ists . ▁The ▁couple ▁moved ▁to ▁Mu ṯ it j ulu ▁so ▁that ▁they ▁could ▁help ▁set ▁it ▁up . ▁Taylor ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁artists ▁for ▁Ma <0xE1> <0xB9> <0x9F> u ku ▁Arts , ▁and ▁she ▁is ▁still ▁an ▁executive ▁member . ▁ ▁Taylor ▁is ▁probably ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁her ▁sculpt ures ▁of ▁animals , ▁such ▁as ▁birds , ▁num b ats , ▁sn akes , ▁the ▁e ch id na , ▁and ▁the ▁per ent ie ▁l izard . ▁The ▁animals ▁all ▁have ▁spiritual ▁ ▁leg ends ▁attached ▁to ▁them , ▁and ▁each ▁represents ▁a ▁different ▁creation ▁ancest or ▁from ▁the ▁Dream time . ▁ ▁Taylor ' s ▁work ▁has ▁been ▁exhib ited ▁in ▁many ▁places |
▁around ▁Australia . ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁shown ▁over se as , ▁including ▁at ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁Institute ▁in ▁London , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁Ex amples ▁of ▁her ▁work ▁are ▁held ▁in ▁the ▁Power house ▁Museum ▁in ▁Sydney , ▁the ▁National ▁Gallery ▁of ▁Australia , ▁and ▁the ▁National ▁Museum ▁of ▁Australia . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁This ▁article ▁includes ▁text ▁from ▁the ▁Power house ▁Museum , ▁Australia , ▁which ▁has ▁been ▁lic ensed ▁under ▁CC - BY - SA . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Pul ya ▁T j ami wa ▁Taylor ▁at ▁Pr ints ▁and ▁Print making ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Australian ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : Austral ian ▁wood work ers ▁Category : Ind igen ous ▁Australian ▁artists ▁Category : P it j ant j at j ara ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Australian ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : W omen ▁wood work ers ▁Category : Austral ian ▁women ▁sculpt ors ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Australian ▁women ▁artists ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Australian ▁women ▁artists <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁fourth ▁season ▁of ▁the ▁animated ▁television ▁series ▁Bo Jack ▁H ors eman ▁premier ed ▁exclus ively ▁via ▁Net fli x ' s ▁web ▁streaming ▁service ▁on ▁September ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Main ▁Will ▁Ar nett ▁as ▁Bo Jack ▁H ors eman ▁and ▁But ter sc ot ch ▁H ors |
eman ▁Amy ▁Sed aris ▁as ▁Princess ▁Carol yn ▁Al ison ▁Br ie ▁as ▁D iane ▁N gu yen ▁Paul ▁F . ▁Tom p kins ▁as ▁Mr . ▁Pe an ut but ter ▁A aron ▁Paul ▁as ▁Tod d ▁Ch ave z ▁ ▁Rec urr ing ▁ ▁Gu est ▁stars ▁ ▁Epis odes ▁ ▁Re ception ▁The ▁fourth ▁season ▁of ▁the ▁show ▁received ▁critical ▁acc laim ; ▁the ▁review ▁aggreg ator ▁Rotten ▁Tomatoes ▁gave ▁the ▁season ▁an ▁appro val ▁rating ▁of ▁ 9 7 %, ▁based ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁reviews . ▁The ▁site ' s ▁critical ▁cons ensus ▁states , ▁" Bo Jack ▁H ors eman ▁fourth ▁season ▁finds ▁the ▁show ▁continu ing ▁to ▁traverse ▁the ▁emot ional ▁gam ut ▁- ▁with ▁results ▁that ▁are ▁heart bre aking ▁as ▁often ▁as ▁they ▁are ▁h il ari ous ." ▁ ▁On ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁the ▁season ▁has ▁a ▁score ▁of ▁ 8 7 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁based ▁on ▁ 5 ▁reviews , ▁indicating ▁" univers al ▁acc laim ". ▁Ind ie W ire ▁gave ▁the ▁season ▁an ▁A ▁grade , ▁comment ing ▁that ▁" by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁we ▁know ▁these ▁characters , ▁and ▁this ▁show , ▁far ▁better ▁than ▁ever ▁before . ▁Bo Jack ' s ▁signature ▁trop es ▁— ▁the ▁background ▁visual ▁j okes , ▁the ▁animal ▁pun s , ▁the ▁brut al ▁moments ▁of ▁sad ness ▁— ▁remain ▁reli ably ▁consistent , ▁but ▁turns ▁the ▁focus ▁largely ▁in ward , ▁ens uring |
▁that ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁more ▁out land ish ▁plots ▁support ▁and ▁highlight ▁the ▁more ▁emot ional ▁story lines ". ▁The ▁Washington ▁Post ▁la ud ed ▁the ▁season , ▁pra ising ▁the ▁install ment ▁as ▁" mov ing ▁and ▁unexpected " ▁and ▁that ▁" it ▁offers ▁hope ▁but ▁never ▁ign ores ▁the ▁sor rows ▁that ▁are ▁in ev itable ▁in ▁real ▁life ". ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁also ▁gave ▁a ▁positive ▁review , ▁comment ing ▁that ▁the ▁" material ▁has ▁the ▁snap ▁and ▁the ▁po ign ancy ▁we ' ve ▁grown ▁acc ustom ed ▁to " ▁and ▁that ▁" while ▁nothing ▁matches ▁the ▁advent ur ous ness ▁of ▁Season ▁ 3 ' s ▁under water ▁awards ▁show ▁episode , ▁Season ▁ 4 ' s ▁nin th ▁episode ▁— ▁narr ated ▁from ▁the ▁future ▁by ▁a ▁distant ▁desc endant ▁of ▁Carol yn ' s ▁— ▁is ▁a ▁dev ast ating ▁example ▁of ▁what ▁Bo Jack ▁can ▁do ▁at ▁its ▁best ". ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁American ▁television ▁seasons ▁Category : Bo Jack ▁H ors eman ▁seasons <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Ber w yn ▁range ▁( Wel sh : ▁Y ▁Ber w yn ▁or ▁M yn y dd ▁y ▁Ber w yn ) ▁is ▁an ▁isolated ▁and ▁sp ars ely ▁populated ▁area ▁of ▁mo or land ▁in ▁the ▁n ortheast ▁of ▁Wales , ▁roughly ▁bounded ▁by ▁L lang ol len ▁in ▁the ▁n ortheast , ▁Cor wen ▁in ▁the ▁north west , ▁B ala ▁in ▁the ▁south west , ▁and ▁O sw |
est ry ▁in ▁the ▁sout heast . ▁ ▁Description ▁The ▁area ▁is ▁wild ▁and ▁largely ▁veget ated ▁by ▁he ather ▁about ▁one ▁met re ▁thick , ▁with ▁some ▁acid ic ▁grass land ▁and ▁bra cken . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁not ▁very ▁popular ▁for ▁hill - walk ing ▁or ▁scr amb ling ▁since ▁the ▁pe aks ▁are ▁lower ▁than ▁those ▁in ▁nearby ▁Snow d onia . ▁However , ▁the ▁top most ▁pe aks ▁are ▁rug ged ▁and ▁have ▁a ▁distinct ive ▁character . ▁Near by ▁towns ▁include ▁L lang ol len ▁and ▁Cor wen , ▁which ▁are ▁popular ▁tour ist ▁destin ations . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁summ its ▁are ▁C ada ir ▁Ber w yn ▁at ▁▁ ▁above ▁sea ▁level , ▁Mo el ▁S ych ▁at ▁ ▁and ▁C ada ir ▁Bron wen ▁at ▁ ▁above ▁sea ▁level . ▁The ▁Ber w yn ▁range ▁is ▁crossed ▁to ▁the ▁south - west ▁by ▁the ▁B 4 3 9 1 ▁Mill t ir ▁C err ig ▁mountain ▁pass ▁at ▁an ▁alt itude ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁C ada ir ▁Ber w yn ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁point ▁in ▁the ▁Ber w yn ▁range , ▁and ▁the ▁highest ▁significant ▁sum mit ▁in ▁Wales ▁outside ▁the ▁National ▁Park s . ▁C ada ir ▁Bron w yn ▁and ▁Fo el ▁C ed ig ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁are ▁the ▁two ▁Mar il yn s ▁that ▁form ▁the ▁Ber w yn ▁range . ▁ ▁The ▁mountain ▁lies ▁on ▁main ▁r idge ▁of ▁the ▁Ber w yn ▁range ▁which ▁runs ▁north – s outh |
. ▁The ▁eastern ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁r idge ▁is ▁character ised ▁by ▁ste ep ▁dro ps ▁and ▁c rag s ▁including ▁Craig ▁Ber w yn ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁sum mit ▁and ▁Craig ▁y ▁L lyn ▁to ▁the ▁south . ▁Craig ▁y ▁L lyn ▁forms ▁the ▁head wall ▁of ▁a ▁c w m , ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁to ▁this ▁that ▁the ▁word ▁cada ir ▁( ch air ▁in ▁Wel sh ) ▁pres umably ▁refers . ▁Further ▁north ▁along ▁the ▁r idge ▁is ▁C ada ir ▁Bron wen , ▁whilst ▁to ▁south ▁the ▁r idge ▁continues ▁to ▁Mo el ▁S ych ▁( Wel sh ▁pron unci ation : ▁[ ˈ m ɔ il ▁ ˈ s ɨ ː x ], ▁meaning ▁' d ry ▁hill '). ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁often ▁reported ▁that ▁Mo el ▁S ych , ▁ ▁along ▁the ▁r idge , ▁is ▁of ▁equal ▁height , ▁but ▁C ada ir ▁Ber w yn ' s ▁spot ▁height ▁on ▁the ▁Or dn ance ▁Survey ▁maps , ▁where ▁the ▁trig ▁point ▁stands , ▁is ▁not ▁the ▁true ▁sum mit . ▁C ada ir ▁Ber w yn ' s ▁sum mit , ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁trig ▁point , ▁is ▁three ▁metres ▁t aller ▁than ▁Mo el ▁S ych . ▁This ▁sum mit ▁is ▁listed ▁as ▁C ada ir ▁Ber w yn ▁New ▁Top ▁on ▁the ▁N utt all ▁list . ▁ ▁Several ▁other ▁summ its ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁are ▁listed ▁as ▁H ew itt s ▁or ▁N utt alls , ▁including ▁Fo el ▁W en |
▁([ ˈ v ɔ il ▁ ˈ w ɛ n ], ▁Wel sh ▁for ▁white ▁hill ) ▁and ▁M yn y dd ▁Tar w ▁([ ˈ m ɐ n ɨ ð ▁ ˈ t æ ɾ u ], ▁b ull ▁mountain ). ▁ ▁The ▁sum mit ▁lies ▁on ▁the ▁border ▁between ▁Pow ys ▁and ▁Den b igh shire , ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁point ▁in ▁Den b igh shire . ▁The ▁northern ▁end ▁of ▁Craig ▁Ber w yn ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁point ▁in ▁W re x ham ▁county ▁bor ough . ▁ ▁History ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁standing ▁stone ▁in ▁the ▁area , ▁located ▁near ▁the ▁sum mit ▁between ▁C ada ir ▁Ber w yn ▁and ▁Tom le . ▁This ▁was ▁re - ere cted ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁by ▁High ▁Sports . ▁The ▁standing ▁stone ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁at ▁S J 0 8 0 3 3 7 [ 2 ]. ▁ ▁The ▁Ber w yn ▁range ▁also ▁played ▁its ▁part ▁in ▁causing ▁King ▁Henry ▁II ▁of ▁England ▁to ▁turn ▁back ▁during ▁his ▁invasion ▁of ▁G w yn ed d ▁in ▁ 1 1 6 5 . ▁R ather ▁than ▁taking ▁the ▁usual ▁route ▁along ▁the ▁northern ▁coast al ▁plain , ▁his ▁army ▁inv aded ▁from ▁O sw est ry ▁and ▁took ▁a ▁route ▁over ▁the ▁Ber w yn s . ▁ ▁The ▁English ▁invasion ▁faced ▁an ▁al liance ▁of ▁Wel sh ▁princes ▁led ▁by ▁King ▁O w ain ▁G w yn ed d , ▁but ▁there ▁was ▁little ▁fighting ▁– |
▁end less ▁days ▁of ▁heavy ▁rain ▁forced ▁the ▁English ▁to ▁retre at . ▁ ▁Supp osed ▁U FO ▁crash ▁ ▁At ▁ 8 . 3 8 pm ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁an ▁earth qu ake ▁of ▁magnitude ▁ 3 . 5 ▁was ▁felt ▁over ▁a ▁wide ▁area ▁of ▁north ▁Wales ▁and ▁as ▁far ▁as ▁Liverpool . ▁Since ▁earth qu akes ▁are ▁un common ▁in ▁the ▁UK , ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁generally ▁recognized ▁for ▁what ▁it ▁was , ▁and ▁since ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁unusual ▁lights ▁in ▁the ▁sky ▁had ▁been ▁observed ▁the ▁same ▁evening , ▁it ▁was ▁considered ▁possible ▁that ▁an ▁aircraft ▁had ▁crash ed , ▁or ▁a ▁meteor ite ▁had ▁impact ed . ▁Further ▁confusion ▁was ▁caused ▁by ▁lights ▁seen ▁on ▁the ▁Ber w yn ▁Mountains , ▁which ▁subsequently ▁turned ▁out ▁to ▁have ▁belonged ▁to ▁po ach ers . ▁ ▁E col ogy ▁The ▁area ▁supports ▁substantial ▁populations ▁of ▁u pl and ▁birds ▁including ▁ra pt ors , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁hen ▁har rier ▁( Circ us ▁cy ane us ), ▁mer lin ▁( F al co ▁col umb arius ), ▁and ▁per egr ine ▁( F al co ▁per egr inus ) ▁( about ▁ 1 4 – 1 8 ▁bre eding ▁pairs ▁of ▁each ▁species , ▁ 1 % – 2 % ▁of ▁the ▁total ▁British ▁population ), ▁and ▁for ▁this ▁reason ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁Special ▁Prote ction ▁Area ▁class ified ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁European ▁Union ' s ▁Bird s ▁Direct |
ive . ▁Much ▁of ▁the ▁area ▁is ▁also ▁designated ▁a ▁national ▁nature ▁reserve ▁and ▁a ▁Site ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁and ▁forms ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Ber w yn ▁and ▁South ▁Cl w yd ▁Mountains ▁Special ▁Area ▁of ▁Conserv ation . ▁Other ▁wild life ▁include ▁short - eared ▁ow l , ▁ra ven , ▁bu zz ard , ▁pole cat ▁and ▁golden ▁p lo ver . ▁ ▁Et ym ology ▁The ▁scholar ▁T . ▁G w yn n ▁Jones ▁suggested ▁that ▁a ▁possible ▁origin ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁" Ber w yn " ▁was ▁" B ry n ( ia u ) ▁G w yn ▁( ap ▁N ud d )", ▁where ▁the ▁Middle ▁Wel sh ▁word ▁" bre " ▁( hill ) ▁had ▁mut ated ▁to ▁Ber ▁+ ▁G w yn , ▁G w yn ▁ap ▁N ud d ▁being ▁the ▁myth ological ▁King ▁of ▁the ▁T yl w yth ▁T eg ▁( F air ▁Fol k , ▁or ▁f ai ries ). ▁ ▁A ▁more ▁likely ▁et ym ology ▁is ▁" bar " ▁( sum mit , ▁cr est ) ▁+ ▁" g w yn " ▁( white ), ▁with ▁the ▁" a " ▁in ▁" bar " ▁showing ▁i - aff ection ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁" y " ▁in ▁" g w yn ", ▁therefore ▁changing ▁from ▁" a " ▁to ▁" e "; ▁the ▁word ▁also ▁shows ▁soft ▁mut ation ▁of ▁the ▁letter ▁" g " ▁( which ▁is ▁deleted ▁under ▁soft ▁mut ation ). ▁ ▁Pe aks |
▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Land forms ▁of ▁Den b igh shire ▁Category : Land forms ▁of ▁W re x ham ▁County ▁Bor ough ▁Category : Land forms ▁of ▁Pow ys ▁Category : Land forms ▁of ▁G w yn ed d ▁Category : Mount ain ▁ranges ▁of ▁Wales ▁Category : National ▁nature ▁res erves ▁in ▁Wales ▁Category : Special ▁Prote ction ▁Are as ▁in ▁Wales ▁Category : S ites ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁in ▁Cl w yd ▁Category : S ites ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁in ▁East ▁G w yn ed d ▁Category : S ites ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁in ▁Mont gom ery ▁Category : Par an ormal ▁places ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁Pent aval ent ▁ant imon ial s ▁( also ▁abbre vi ated ▁pent aval ent ▁S b ▁or ▁ ▁S b V ) ▁are ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁comp ounds ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁treatment ▁of ▁le ish man ias is . ▁ ▁They ▁are ▁also ▁called ▁pent aval ent ▁ant im ony ▁comp ounds . ▁ ▁Types ▁The ▁first ▁pent aval ent ▁ant imon ial , ▁u rea ▁st ib am ine , ▁was ▁synth es ised ▁by ▁the ▁Indian ▁scient ist ▁Up end ran ath ▁Bra hm ach ari ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 2 . ▁Though ▁it ▁caused ▁a ▁dram atic ▁decl ine ▁in ▁death s ▁due ▁to ▁le ish man ias is , ▁it ▁fell ▁out ▁of ▁favour ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁due ▁to ▁higher ▁to x icity |
▁compared ▁to ▁sod ium ▁st ib og lu con ate . ▁▁ ▁The ▁comp ounds ▁currently ▁available ▁for ▁clin ical ▁use ▁are : ▁▁ ▁sod ium ▁st ib og lu con ate ▁( P ent ost am ; ▁manufact ured ▁by ▁Gla x o Smith K line ; ▁available ▁in ▁United ▁States ▁[ through ▁the ▁Cent ers ▁for ▁D ise ase ▁Control ▁only ] ▁and ▁UK ), ▁which ▁is ▁admin ister ed ▁by ▁slow ▁int ra ven ous ▁injection . ▁ ▁meg l um ine ▁ant im oni ate ▁( G l uc ant im ; ▁manufact ured ▁by ▁A vent is ; ▁available ▁in ▁Brazil , ▁France ▁and ▁Italy ), ▁which ▁is ▁admin ister ed ▁by ▁intr am us cular ▁or ▁int ra ven ous ▁injection . ▁ ▁The ▁pent aval ent ▁ant imon ial s ▁can ▁only ▁be ▁given ▁by ▁injection : ▁there ▁are ▁no ▁or al ▁prepar ations ▁available . ▁ ▁Altern atives ▁In ▁many ▁countries , ▁w ides p read ▁resistance ▁to ▁ant im ony ▁has ▁meant ▁that ▁am ph oter ic in ▁or ▁mil te f os ine ▁are ▁now ▁used ▁in ▁preference . ▁ ▁Side ▁effects ▁Card iot ox icity , ▁revers ible ▁kid ney ▁failure , ▁pan cre at itis , ▁an emia , ▁le uk open ia , ▁r ash , ▁head ache , ▁ab dom inal ▁pain , ▁n ause a , ▁vom iting , ▁ar th ral gia , ▁my alg ia , ▁th rom b oc yt open ia , ▁and ▁trans |
amin ase ▁elev ation . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Ant ip ro to zo al ▁agents ▁Category : Ant im ony ▁comp ounds <0x0A> </s> ▁M ure xs ul ▁plan il ir atus ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁sea ▁sn ail , ▁a ▁marine ▁g ast rop od ▁m oll usk ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Mur ic idae , ▁the ▁m ure x ▁sn ails ▁or ▁rock ▁sn ails . ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁Distribution ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M ur ic idae ▁Category : G ast rop ods ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁N en ad ▁St av ri ć ▁( Ser bian ▁C yr ill ic : ▁Не над ▁C т a в p и ћ ) ▁( 2 7 ▁June ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁– ▁ 1 8 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 7 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Ser bian ▁football ▁player ▁and ▁manager . ▁ ▁St av ri ć ▁played ▁for ▁several ▁clubs ▁in ▁Ser bia , ▁including ▁FK ▁Rad ni č ki ▁Ni š , ▁FK ▁Rad ▁and ▁FK ▁Part iz an , ▁before ▁moving ▁abroad ▁and ▁finishing ▁his ▁career ▁with ▁Olymp iak os ▁N icos ia . ▁ ▁He ▁managed ▁several ▁clubs ▁in ▁former ▁Y ug oslav ia , ▁including ▁FK ▁Z ve zd ara ▁and ▁FK ▁S ile ks , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁clubs ▁throughout ▁the ▁Middle ▁East . ▁While ▁man aging ▁Al - Ne j me h ▁SC , ▁he ▁died ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁a ▁road ▁accident ▁in ▁Dam asc us |
▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Go al zz ▁ ▁St ats ▁for ▁Part iz an ▁at ▁Part iz an ▁official ▁website . ▁ ▁St ats ▁from ▁Y ug oslav ▁Le agues ▁at ▁Z er od ic . ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 7 ▁death s ▁Category : Ser bian ▁football ers ▁Category : Y ug oslav ▁football ers ▁Category : Ser bian ▁football ▁man agers ▁Category : F K ▁Part iz an ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁Rad ni č ki ▁Ni š ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁Rad ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁Rad ni č ki ▁Be og rad ▁players ▁Category : O lymp iak os ▁N icos ia ▁players ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ▁man agers ▁in ▁Cy pr us ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ▁man agers ▁in ▁K uw ait ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ▁man agers ▁in ▁Leb anon ▁Category : L eb an ese ▁Premier ▁League ▁man agers ▁Category : Ne j me h ▁SC ▁man agers ▁ ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ers ▁not ▁categor ized ▁by ▁position <0x0A> </s> ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁is ▁a ▁fict ional ▁detect ive ▁created ▁by ▁August ▁Der le th ▁as ▁a ▁past iche ▁of ▁Arthur ▁Con an ▁Do yle ' s ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes . ▁ ▁Appro ach ▁On ▁hearing ▁that ▁Sir ▁Arthur ▁Con an ▁Do yle ▁had ▁no ▁plans ▁to |
▁write ▁more ▁Hol mes ▁stories , ▁the ▁young ▁Der le th ▁wrote ▁to ▁Con an ▁Do yle , ▁asking ▁permission ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁series . ▁Con an ▁Do yle ▁gra ci ously ▁decl ined ▁the ▁offer , ▁but ▁Der le th , ▁despite ▁having ▁never ▁been ▁to ▁London , ▁set ▁about ▁finding ▁a ▁name ▁that ▁was ▁sy ll ab ically ▁similar ▁to ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes , ▁and ▁wrote ▁his ▁first ▁set ▁of ▁past ich es . ▁He ▁would ▁ultimately ▁write ▁more ▁stories ▁about ▁P ons ▁than ▁Con an ▁Do yle ▁did ▁about ▁Hol mes . ▁ ▁Character ▁model ▁ ▁P ons ▁is ▁a ▁past iche ▁of ▁Hol mes ; ▁the ▁first ▁book ▁about ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁was ▁titled ▁In ▁Re : ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes . ▁Like ▁Hol mes , ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁has ▁pro dig ious ▁powers ▁of ▁observation ▁and ▁dedu ction , ▁and ▁can ▁ast ound ▁his ▁compan ions ▁by ▁telling ▁them ▁minute ▁details ▁about ▁people ▁he ▁has ▁only ▁just ▁met , ▁details ▁that ▁he ▁proves ▁to ▁have ▁dedu ced ▁in ▁seconds ▁of ▁observation . ▁Where ▁Hol mes ' s ▁stories ▁are ▁narr ated ▁by ▁his ▁companion ▁Dr . ▁Watson , ▁the ▁P ons ▁stories ▁are ▁narr ated ▁by ▁Dr . ▁Ly nd on ▁Parker ; ▁in ▁the ▁P ons ▁stories , ▁he ▁and ▁Parker ▁share ▁lod g ings ▁not ▁at ▁ 2 2 1 B ▁Baker ▁Street ▁but ▁at ▁ 7 B ▁Pra ed ▁Street , ▁where ▁their ▁land l ady ▁is ▁not ▁Mrs . ▁Hudson |
▁but ▁Mrs . ▁Johnson . ▁Where as ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes ▁has ▁an ▁elder ▁brother ▁My cro ft ▁Hol mes ▁of ▁even ▁greater ▁g ifts , ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁has ▁a ▁brother ▁B anc ro ft ▁to ▁fill ▁the ▁same ▁role . ▁Like ▁Hol mes , ▁P ons ▁is ▁phys ically ▁sl ender ▁and ▁sm okes ▁a ▁pipe ▁filled ▁with ▁" ab omin able ▁sh ag ". ▁ ▁The ▁actual ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes ▁also ▁exists ▁in ▁P ons ' s ▁world : ▁P ons ▁and ▁Parker ▁are ▁aware ▁of ▁the ▁famous ▁detect ive ▁and ▁hold ▁him ▁in ▁high ▁regard . ▁Where as ▁Hol mes ' ▁advent ures ▁took ▁place ▁primarily ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 8 9 0 s , ▁P ons ▁and ▁Parker ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 0 s . ▁P ons ▁fans ▁also ▁regard ▁Der le th ▁as ▁having ▁given ▁P ons ▁his ▁own ▁distinct ly ▁different ▁person ality , ▁far ▁less ▁mel anch oly ▁and ▁bro oding ▁than ▁Hol mes ' s . ▁ ▁The ▁P ons ▁stories ▁also ▁cross ▁over , ▁at ▁times , ▁with ▁the ▁writ ings ▁of ▁others , ▁such ▁as ▁Der le th ' s ▁literary ▁correspond ent ▁H . ▁P . ▁Love craft ▁in ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Six ▁Silver ▁Sp iders ", ▁Fu ▁Man ch u ▁author ▁Sax ▁R oh mer , ▁and ▁Car n ack i ▁the ▁Ghost - F inder ▁in ▁" |
The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Ha unted ▁Library ". ▁ ▁The ▁tales ▁in ▁the ▁Pont ine ▁canon ▁can ▁be ▁broad ly ▁divided ▁into ▁two ▁classes , ▁the ▁straight ▁and ▁the ▁hum orous , ▁the ▁straight ▁being ▁more ▁or ▁less ▁straightforward ▁tales ▁of ▁detection ▁in ▁the ▁classic ▁Hol mes ian ▁mode , ▁while ▁the ▁others — a ▁minor ity — have ▁some ▁gentle ▁fun , ▁most ▁not ably ▁by ▁involving ▁fict ional ▁characters ▁from ▁outside ▁either ▁canon ▁( e . g ., ▁Dr . ▁Fu ▁Man ch u ); ▁perhaps ▁the ▁most ▁out standing ▁example ▁is ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Orient ▁Express ", ▁in ▁which ▁are ▁thin ly ▁dis gu ised ▁versions ▁of ▁Ash enden , ▁Her c ule ▁Po iro t , ▁and ▁The ▁Saint . ▁ ▁Several ▁of ▁the ▁Pont ine ▁tales ▁have ▁titles ▁taken ▁from ▁the ▁famous ▁" un record ed " ▁cases ▁of ▁Hol mes ▁that ▁Watson ▁often ▁all ud ed ▁to , ▁including ▁the ▁matters ▁of ▁" R ico lett i ▁of ▁the ▁Club ▁Foot ▁( and ▁his ▁Ab omin able ▁W ife )", ▁" The ▁Al umin ium ▁Cr utch ", ▁" The ▁Black ▁Card inal ", ▁and ▁" The ▁Polit ician , ▁the ▁L ighth ouse , ▁and ▁the ▁Tra ined ▁C orm or ant ". ▁O thers ▁of ▁the ▁canon ▁are ▁r iffs ▁on ▁Hol mes ian ▁tales , ▁such ▁as ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Tot ten ham ▁W ere w olf " ▁par alle ling ▁( in ▁some ▁ways ) ▁Hol |
mes ' ▁case ▁of ▁the ▁Sus sex ▁V amp ire . ▁ ▁P ons ▁stories ▁by ▁Bas il ▁Co pper ▁After ▁Der le th ' s ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁further ▁stories ▁about ▁the ▁character ▁were ▁written ▁by ▁the ▁author ▁Bas il ▁Co pper . ▁Four ▁of ▁these ▁volumes ▁were ▁published ▁by ▁P inn acle ▁Books ▁- ▁The ▁D oss ier ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons , ▁The ▁Further ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons , ▁The ▁Secret ▁Files ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁and ▁The ▁Un collect ed ▁C ases ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( original ▁UK ▁title : ▁Some ▁Un collect ed ▁C ases ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ) ▁( all ▁ 1 9 7 9 ). ▁A ▁further ▁two ▁volumes ▁of ▁Co pper ' s ▁continu ations ▁were ▁published ▁by ▁Fed og an ▁and ▁Bre mer ▁- ▁The ▁Exp lo its ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁and ▁The ▁Rec ol lections ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 9 5 ). ▁Fed og an ▁and ▁Bre mer ▁also ▁issued ▁a ▁limited ▁edition ▁chap book ▁of ▁Co pper ' s ▁preferred ▁text ▁of ▁the ▁story ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Sing ular ▁Sand wich ". ▁Later , ▁Sar ob ▁Press ▁published ▁two ▁further ▁volumes ▁of ▁P ons ▁work ▁by ▁Co pper ▁- ▁the ▁novel ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Vers us ▁The ▁Dev il ' s ▁Cla w ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁and ▁a ▁collection |
▁titled ▁Sol ar ▁P ons : ▁The ▁Final ▁C ases ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁which ▁contains ▁six ▁stories , ▁five ▁being ▁re vised ▁ed itions ▁of ▁earlier ▁Co pper ▁P ons ▁contributions , ▁and ▁one ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes ▁story ▁(" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Per sec uted ▁P ain ter ▁" ). ▁ ▁Most ▁recently , ▁PS ▁Publishing ▁put ▁out ▁ 7 ▁volumes ▁of ▁the ▁complete ▁Bas il ▁Co pper ▁P ons ▁stories , ▁with ▁the ▁ 7 th ▁volume ▁being ▁more ▁non - f iction ▁and ▁ass orted ▁materials . ▁ ▁The ▁earlier ▁volumes ▁match ▁the ▁P inn acle ▁collections , ▁and ▁all ▁use ▁the ▁same ▁titles . ▁ ▁Der le th ▁stories ▁edited ▁by ▁Bas il ▁Co pper ▁Co pper ▁also ▁edited ▁the ▁P ons ▁stories ▁of ▁August ▁Der le th ▁for ▁Ark ham ▁House ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁The ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Om n ibus ▁( two ▁vol s ., ▁ 1 9 8 2 ). ▁However , ▁he ▁made ▁extensive ▁ed its ▁in ▁the ▁stories . ▁The ▁stories ▁in ▁Co pper ' s ▁edition ▁are ▁also ▁arranged ▁in ▁order ▁of ▁their ▁internal ▁chron ology , ▁rather ▁than ▁by ▁release ▁date . ▁Co pper ▁" ed ited " ▁the ▁tales ▁in ▁ways ▁that ▁many ▁Pont ine ▁af icion ados ▁found ▁ob jection able . ▁Roger ▁Johnson ▁states ▁" After ▁August ▁Der le th ' s ▁death ▁the ▁published ▁stories ▁were ▁edited ▁by ▁Bas il ▁Co pper , ▁who ▁rather ▁controvers ial ly ▁corrected ▁many ▁errors ▁and |
▁adjust ed ▁many ▁American isms , ▁into ▁a ▁hand some ▁two - volume ▁om n ibus ▁edition ." ▁ ▁A ▁later ▁om n ibus , ▁The ▁Original ▁Text ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Om n ibus ▁Edition , ▁was ▁issued ▁by ▁My cro ft ▁& ▁Mor an ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁rever ting ▁the ▁stories ▁to ▁Der le th ' s ▁original ▁versions . ▁The ▁later ▁om n ibus ▁also ▁disc arded ▁Co pper ' s ▁chron ological ▁arrangement ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁the ▁order ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁stories ▁had ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁Der le th ▁volumes . ▁ ▁Other ▁appearances ▁by ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁In ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Other ▁Bro ther ", ▁included ▁in ▁The ▁Pap ers ▁of ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes ▁Volume ▁II ▁by ▁David ▁Marc um ▁( 2 0 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁Hol mes ▁and ▁Watson ▁travel ▁to ▁York shire ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 6 ▁to ▁defend ▁Hol mes ' s ▁older ▁brother , ▁Sh err in ford , ▁from ▁a ▁charge ▁of ▁murder , ▁as ▁first ▁briefly ▁mentioned ▁at ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁William ▁S . ▁Bar ing - G ould ' s ▁bi ography , ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes ▁of ▁Baker ▁Street ▁( 1 9 6 2 ). ▁While ▁there , ▁they ▁encounter ▁Sh err in ford ' s ▁young est ▁son , ▁ 1 6 - year - old ▁S iger ▁Hol mes ▁( named ▁after ▁his ▁grand father ). ▁S iger ▁looks ▁like ▁a |
▁young ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes , ▁and ▁also ▁shows ▁a ▁remarkable ▁facility ▁for ▁dedu ction . ▁After ▁the ▁solution ▁of ▁the ▁mystery , ▁an ▁extended ▁ep ilog ue ▁rel ates ▁how ▁S iger ▁Hol mes , ▁with ▁the ▁bless ing ▁of ▁his ▁uncle , ▁also ▁became ▁a ▁consult ing ▁detect ive , ▁and ▁eventually ▁chose ▁to ▁be ▁called ▁" S olar ▁P ons " ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁make ▁his ▁own ▁name , ▁instead ▁of ▁re lying ▁on ▁that ▁of ▁his ▁famous ▁uncle . ▁An ▁explanation ▁is ▁also ▁given ▁stating ▁how ▁the ▁name ▁" S olar ▁P ons " ▁was ▁chosen , ▁and ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁other ▁bi ographical ▁details ▁match ▁those ▁listed ▁by ▁Der le th ▁in ▁a ▁short ▁pré cis ▁that ▁he ▁wrote ▁describing ▁P ons ' s ▁background . ▁ ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁in ▁popular ▁culture ▁ ▁A ▁society , ▁the ▁Pra ed ▁Street ▁Ir regular s ▁( P SI ), ▁is ▁dedicated ▁to ▁Sol ar ▁P ons . ▁The ▁Ir regular s ▁were ▁founded ▁by ▁Luther ▁Nor ris ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁in ▁the ▁style ▁of ▁the ▁better - known ▁Baker ▁Street ▁Ir regular s . ▁The ▁P SI ▁produced ▁a ▁news letter , ▁later ▁a ▁journal , ▁the ▁Pont ine ▁D oss ier , ▁published ▁by ▁The ▁Pont ine ▁Press ▁between ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁for ▁ 1 5 ▁issues . ▁ ▁A ▁branch , ▁The ▁London ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Society , ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁England ▁head ed |
▁by ▁Roger ▁Johnson . ▁Other ▁branches ▁were ▁established ▁in ▁other ▁areas . ▁ ▁Though ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁formally ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁Pra ed ▁Street ▁Ir regular s , ▁publication ▁of ▁The ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Gazette ▁began ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁The ▁T win ▁Pe aks ▁character ▁Cy ril ▁P ons ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁Sol ar ▁P ons . ▁ ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁books ▁By ▁August ▁Der le th ▁ ▁" In ▁Re : ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes " - The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁a . k . a . ▁Regarding ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes : ▁The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( in ▁the ▁UK : ▁The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ) ▁( 1 9 4 5 ) ▁ ▁" In ▁Re : ▁Sol ar ▁P ons " ▁by ▁Vincent ▁Star rett ▁ ▁" A ▁Word ▁From ▁Dr . ▁Ly nd on ▁Parker " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁F right ened ▁Baron et " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Late ▁Mr . ▁Fa ver sh am " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Black ▁N arc iss us " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Nor cross ▁R iddle " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Ret ired ▁Nov el ist " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Three ▁Red ▁D war fs " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁S othe by ▁Sales man " ▁ ▁" |
The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Pur lo ined ▁Per ia pt " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁L imp ing ▁Man " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Seven ▁Pass engers " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Lost ▁Hol iday " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Man ▁with ▁a ▁Bro ken ▁Face ". ▁ ▁The ▁Mem oir s ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 5 1 ) ▁ ▁" Introduction " ▁by ▁Ell ery ▁Queen ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Circ ular ▁Room " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Per fect ▁Hus band " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Bro ken ▁Ch ess man " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Dog ▁in ▁the ▁M anger " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Pro per ▁Com ma " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁Rico lett i ▁of ▁the ▁Club ▁Foot " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Six ▁Silver ▁Sp iders " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Lost ▁Lo comot ive " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Tot ten ham ▁W ere w olf " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Five ▁Royal ▁Co ach men " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Par al yt ic ▁M end ic ant " ▁ ▁Three ▁Problem s ▁for ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 5 2 ) ▁( the ▁contents ▁of ▁this ▁book ▁later ▁appeared ▁in ▁The ▁Return |
▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ) ▁ ▁" A ▁Note ▁for ▁the ▁A fic ion ado " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁R yd berg ▁Num bers " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Rem ark able ▁W orm " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Cam ber well ▁Beaut y " ▁ ▁The ▁Return ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 5 8 ) ▁ ▁" Introduction " ▁by ▁Ed gar ▁W . ▁Smith ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Lost ▁Dutch man " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Dev il ' s ▁Foot print s " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Dor r ington ▁In herit ance " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁' Tri ple ▁Kent '" ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁R yd berg ▁Num bers " ▁( re iss ued ▁from ▁Three ▁Problem s ▁for ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Gr ice - Pat erson ▁Cur se " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Stone ▁of ▁S con e " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Rem ark able ▁W orm " ▁( re iss ued ▁from ▁Three ▁Problem s ▁for ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Pen ny ▁Mag enta " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Tra ined ▁C orm or ant " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Cam ber well ▁Beaut y " |
▁( re iss ued ▁from ▁Three ▁Problem s ▁for ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Little ▁H ang man " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Sweden borg ▁Sign atures " ▁ ▁The ▁Rem in isc ences ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 6 1 ) ▁ ▁" Introduction " ▁by ▁Anthony ▁B ouch er ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Maz ar ine ▁Blue " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁H ats ▁of ▁M . ▁D ul ac " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁M osa ic ▁C yl ind ers " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Pra ed ▁Street ▁Ir regular s " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Clo ver dale ▁Kenn els " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Black ▁Card inal " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Tr ouble d ▁Mag istr ate " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Bl ind ▁Cla ira ud ient " ▁ ▁" A ▁Chron ology ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons " ▁by ▁Robert ▁Patrick ▁( s ometimes ▁given ▁as ▁Pat tr ick ) ▁ ▁The ▁Case book ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 6 5 ) ▁ ▁" F ore word " ▁by ▁Vincent ▁Star rett ▁ ▁"( C uth bert ) ▁Ly nd on ▁Parker " ▁by ▁Michael ▁Harrison ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Sus sex ▁Arch ers " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of |
▁the ▁Ha unted ▁Library " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁F atal ▁Gl ance " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Int ars ia ▁Box " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Sp ur ious ▁T amer la ine " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁China ▁C ott age " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁As cot ▁Sc andal " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Cr ouch ing ▁Dog " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Miss ing ▁Hun ts man " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Am ateur ▁Phil ologist " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Wh is per ing ▁Kn ights " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Inn keeper ' s ▁C ler k " ▁ ▁" After word " ▁ ▁A ▁Pra ed ▁Street ▁D oss ier ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁- ▁[ associ ational ▁volume ] ▁ ▁" The ▁Begin nings ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons " ▁ ▁" The ▁S ources ▁of ▁the ▁T ales " ▁ ▁" Con c ern ing ▁Dr . ▁Parker ' s ▁Background " ▁ ▁" The ▁F avor ite ▁Past ich es " ▁ ▁" From ▁the ▁Not ebook s ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Ly nd on ▁Parker " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Books eller ' s ▁C ler k " ▁ ▁" S olar ▁P ons , ▁Off - Tra il " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Sn |
itch ▁in ▁Time " ▁( with ▁Mack ▁Reyn olds ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Ball ▁of ▁N ost rad am us " ▁( with ▁Mack ▁Reyn olds ). ▁ ▁The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Un ique ▁Dick ens ians ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁[ re print ed ▁in ▁The ▁Chron icles ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( see ▁below )). ▁ ▁Mr . ▁Fair lie ' s ▁Final ▁J our ney ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁[ nov el ] ▁ ▁The ▁Chron icles ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 7 3 ) ▁ ▁" Introduction " ▁by ▁Allen ▁J . ▁Hub in ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Red ▁Le ech " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Orient ▁Express " ▁( pub lished ▁as ▁a ▁stand - alone ▁volume ▁by ▁Cand le light ▁Press , ▁NY , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁as ▁a ▁soft cover ▁with ▁a ▁dust ▁jack et ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Golden ▁Bra ce let " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Sh ap low ▁Mill ions " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Ben in ▁Bron ze " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Miss ing ▁Ten ants " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Al umin um ▁Cr utch " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Seven ▁Sister s " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Bishop ' s ▁Comp an ion " ▁ ▁" |
The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Un ique ▁Dick ens ians " ▁ ▁The ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Om n ibus ▁( 1 9 8 2 ) ▁[ om n ibus - collect s ▁all ▁previous ▁works ] ▁ ▁The ▁Final ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁" Introduction " ▁by ▁Peter ▁R uber ▁ ▁" Re ception ▁in ▁E ly si um " ▁( po em ) ▁by ▁Mary ▁F . ▁L inds ley ▁ ▁T error ▁Over ▁London ▁[ nov el ] ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁G res ham ▁Old ▁Place " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁B url stone ▁Hor ror " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁V ienn ese ▁Music ian " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Mutter ing ▁Man " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Two ▁Coll abor ators " ▁by ▁Peter ▁R uber ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁N os fer atu " ▁( with ▁Mack ▁Reyn olds ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Ext ra - T err est rial " ▁( with ▁Mack ▁Reyn olds ) ▁ ▁" More ▁from ▁Dr . ▁Parker ' s ▁Not ebook s " ▁ ▁The ▁Original ▁Text ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Om n ibus ▁Edition ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Drag net ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁et ▁al . ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁( original ▁pul p ▁magazine ▁and ▁manuscript ▁versions ▁of ▁these |
▁stories ) ▁ ▁" Introduction " ▁by ▁Mark ▁War de cker ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Black ▁N arc iss us " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Miss ing ▁Ten ants " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Bro ken ▁Ch ess man " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Late ▁Mr . ▁Fa ver sh am " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁L imp ing ▁Man " ▁ ▁" Two ▁Black ▁But tons " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Red ▁D war fs " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁G res ham ▁Marsh es " ▁( an ▁earlier ▁version ▁of ▁" The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁G res ham ▁Old ▁Place ") ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Black ▁Card inal " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Nor cross ▁R iddle " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Y ar pool ▁Hor ror " ▁( an ▁earlier ▁version ▁of ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁B url stone ▁Hor ror ") ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Mutter ing ▁Man " ▁ ▁" Not es " ▁by ▁Mark ▁War de cker ▁ ▁The ▁Un pub lished ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ ▁" Introduction " ▁by ▁Paul ▁B . ▁S me ade ga ard ▁ ▁" A ▁Pont ine ▁Comment ary " ▁by ▁Ted ▁Schul z ▁ ▁" Re vised ▁List ▁of ▁The ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Can on ▁Ab bre vi |
ations " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁V ienn ese ▁Music ian " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Mutter ing ▁Man " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Sin ister ▁House " ▁( an ▁early ▁and ▁incomplete ▁version ▁of ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁B url stone ▁Hor ror ") ▁ ▁" In ▁Re : ▁Sol ar ▁P ons " ▁by ▁Roger ▁Johnson ▁ ▁" A ▁Pont ine ▁Compet ition " ▁by ▁James ▁Turner ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Green ▁Stars " ▁( fragment ) ▁ ▁" After word " ▁George ▁A . ▁V ander ▁ ▁The ▁Nov els ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons : ▁T error ▁Over ▁London ▁and ▁Mr . ▁Fair lie ' s ▁Final ▁J our ney ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁( The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Book ▁ 6 ) ▁ ▁T error ▁Over ▁London ▁ ▁Mr . ▁Fair lie ' s ▁Final ▁J our ney ▁ ▁The ▁Ap oc ry pha ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁( The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Book ▁ 8 ) ▁ ▁By ▁Bas il ▁Co pper ▁ ▁The ▁D oss ier ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Per plex ed ▁Phot ograph er " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Se aled ▁Sp ire " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Six ▁Gold ▁Dou blo ons |
" ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁I pi ▁Id ol " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁Buff ington ▁Old ▁G range " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Ham mer ▁of ▁H ate ". ▁ ▁The ▁Further ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Sh aft ▁of ▁Death " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁De fe ated ▁Doctor " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Sur rey ▁Sad ist " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Miss ing ▁Student ". ▁ ▁The ▁Secret ▁Files ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁C raw ling ▁Hor ror " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁An gu ished ▁A ctor " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Ign ored ▁Id ols " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Hor r ified ▁He ir ess " ▁ ▁The ▁Un collect ed ▁C ases ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁- ▁( in ▁the ▁UK : ▁Some ▁Un collect ed ▁C ases ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Ha unted ▁Rect ory " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Sing ular ▁Sand wich " ▁ ▁" M ur der ▁at ▁the ▁Z oo " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁F right ened ▁G over ness " ▁ |
▁The ▁Exp lo its ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Call ous ▁Colonel " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Ph antom ▁Face " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Ver ger ’ s ▁Th umb " ▁ ▁" De ath ▁at ▁the ▁Metro pole " ▁ ▁The ▁Rec ol lections ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁C urs ed ▁Cur ator " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁H ound ▁of ▁Hell " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Mad ▁Mill ion aire " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Sing ular ▁Sand wich " ▁[ re work ed ▁from ▁its ▁first ▁appearance ▁in ▁Un collect ed ▁C ases ▁( see ▁above )] ▁ ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Vers us ▁The ▁Dev il ’ s ▁Cla w ▁( 2 0 0 4 , ▁Sar ob ▁Press ) ▁[ nov el ] ▁ ▁Sol ar ▁P ons : ▁The ▁Final ▁C ases ▁( 2 0 0 5 , ▁Sar ob ▁Press ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁The ▁Ha unted ▁Rect ory " ▁[ re work ed ▁from ▁its ▁first ▁appearance ▁in ▁Un collect ed ▁C ases ▁( see ▁above )] ▁ ▁" The ▁Ign ored ▁Id ols " ▁[ re work ed ▁from ▁its ▁first ▁appearance ▁in ▁Secret ▁Files ▁( see ▁above )] ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Hor r |
ified ▁He ir ess " ▁[ re work ed ▁from ▁its ▁first ▁appearance ▁in ▁Secret ▁Files ▁( see ▁above )] ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁B aff led ▁Baron " ▁[ re work ed ▁from ▁its ▁first ▁appearance ▁in ▁D oss ier ▁as ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁De fe ated ▁Doctor " ▁( see ▁above )] ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁An gu ished ▁A ctor " ▁[ re work ed ▁from ▁its ▁first ▁appearance ▁in ▁Secret ▁Files ▁( see ▁above )] ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Per sec uted ▁P ain ter " ▁[ a ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes ▁past iche , ▁first ▁published ▁in ▁The ▁M amm oth ▁Book ▁of ▁New ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes ▁Advent ures ] ▁ ▁The ▁Rec ol lections ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 2 0 1 7 , ▁PS ▁Publishing ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁C urs ed ▁Cur ator " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁H ound ▁of ▁Hell " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Mad ▁Mill ion aire " ▁ ▁The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Dev il ' s ▁Cla w ▁ ▁The ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁Comp an ion ▁# 7 ▁( 2 0 1 7 , ▁PS ▁Publishing ) ▁( w / ▁Stephen ▁Jones ) ▁ ▁" Once ▁A ▁P ons ▁a ▁Time " ▁by ▁Stephen ▁Jones ▁ ▁" F ore word " ▁ ▁" In ▁the ▁Foot steps ▁of ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes " ▁ |
▁" Pl ots ▁of ▁the ▁St ories " ▁ ▁" Char acters ▁in ▁the ▁St ories " ▁ ▁" The ▁Say ings ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons " ▁▁ ▁" S olar ▁P ons ▁Plot ▁and ▁Dialog ue ▁Notes " ▁by ▁Stephen ▁Jones ▁▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁North le ach ▁Sto cks " ▁by ▁Stephen ▁Jones ▁ ▁" P ain ting ▁P ons : ▁Art ist ▁Ben ▁St ahl " ▁by ▁Stephen ▁Jones ▁ ▁The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁De fe ated ▁Doctor " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Ag on ised ▁A ctor " ▁ ▁The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Per sec uted ▁P ain ter " ▁ ▁By ▁David ▁Marc um ▁ ▁The ▁Pap ers ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁" A ▁Word ▁From ▁Dr . ▁Ly nd on ▁Parker " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Doctor ' s ▁Box " ▁ ▁" The ▁Park ▁Lane ▁Solution " ▁ ▁" The ▁Po e ▁Problem " ▁ ▁" The ▁Sing ular ▁Aff air ▁of ▁the ▁Blue ▁Girl " ▁ ▁" The ▁Pl ight ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Driver " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Blood ▁Doctor " ▁ ▁" The ▁Add itional ▁He irs " ▁ ▁" The ▁Hor ror ▁of ▁St . ▁Anne ' s ▁Row " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Failed ▁Fellow ship " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁O br isset ▁Sn uff box " ▁ ▁" The ▁Fol |
io ▁M atter " ▁ ▁" The ▁Aff air ▁of ▁the ▁Dist aste ful ▁Society " ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Other ▁Bro ther " ▁ ▁By ▁David ▁Marc um ▁and ▁others ▁ ▁The ▁New ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Two ▁Sister s " ▁by ▁David ▁Marc um ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁In con ven ient ▁Death " ▁by ▁Jer emy ▁Br anton ▁Hol stein ▁ ▁" Pages ▁From ▁the ▁Not ebook s ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Ly nd on ▁Parker " ▁by ▁Bob ▁By r ne ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Last ▁Cas ual ty " ▁by ▁Mark ▁War de cker ▁ ▁" The ▁Mis ad vent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Nor folk ▁Po acher " ▁by ▁Mark ▁M ower ▁ ▁" The ▁Imp erson ating ▁Det ect ive " ▁by ▁Jay ant ika ▁Gang uly ▁ ▁" The ▁Jazz ▁Mur ders " ▁by ▁Thomas ▁Fort en berry ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Vers a illes ▁Tour ist " ▁by ▁Robert ▁St ap leton ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁York shire ▁Girl " ▁by ▁Stephen ▁Her cz eg ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁London ▁J inx " ▁by ▁John ▁Lin wood ▁Grant ▁ ▁" The ▁Mechan ical ▁Problem " ▁by ▁Robert ▁Per ret ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Scottish ▁R ite " ▁by ▁Stephen ▁Her cz eg ▁ ▁" The ▁S qu irm ing |
▁Script " ▁by ▁I . A . ▁Watson ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Y ellow ▁P imper nel " ▁by ▁Nik ▁Mort on ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Bor zo i ▁Bre eder " ▁by ▁De anna ▁Bar an ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Earl ’ s ▁M irth " ▁by ▁Mark ▁War de cker ▁ ▁" The ▁Watson ▁Club " ▁by ▁Der rick ▁Bel anger ▁ ▁" The ▁Bo ar ▁of ▁the ▁R ask er berg s " ▁by ▁Robert ▁St ap leton ▁ ▁" The ▁Black ▁M outh ▁of ▁Death " ▁by ▁Thomas ▁Fort en berry ▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ure ▁of ▁the ▁Old ▁Sc ore " ▁by ▁David ▁Marc um ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁T . ▁J . ▁B iny on , ▁Mur der ▁Will ▁Out : ▁The ▁Det ect ive ▁in ▁F iction , ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁, ▁p . 1 2 ▁▁ ▁Peter ▁R id g way ▁W att , ▁Joseph ▁Green , ▁The ▁alternative ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes : ▁past ich es , ▁par od ies , ▁and ▁copies , ▁Ash gate ▁Publishing , ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁, ▁pp . 2 1 7 – 2 2 3 ▁ ▁Michael ▁Sz ym ank si , ▁' The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ". ▁D ifferent ▁World s ▁# 4 3 ▁( J uly - A ug . ▁ 1 9 8 6 ), ▁ 1 0 - 1 2 |
. ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁crime / M yst ery ▁series ▁at ▁Mat ters ▁C rimin ous ▁▁ ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁series ▁at ▁Th r illing ▁Det ect ive ▁ ▁Sol ar ▁P ons : ▁The ▁Great ▁P ret ender ▁by ▁Charles ▁Pre pole c ▁at ▁Baker ▁Street ▁Do zen ▁Sol ar P ons . com ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ' s ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁World s ▁( starts ▁on ▁page ▁ 1 9 ) ▁ ▁" A ▁Study ▁in ▁Sol ar : ▁The ▁Sher lock ▁Hol mes ▁of ▁Pra ed ▁Street " ▁by ▁Roger ▁Johnson ▁▁ ▁" The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Sol ar ▁P ons ▁in ▁Chron ological ▁Order " ▁▁ ▁Category : S her lock ▁Hol mes ▁past ich es ▁▁ ▁P ons , ▁Sol ar ▁Category : Liter ary ▁characters ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁Category : F ict ional ▁gentleman ▁detect ives <0x0A> </s> ▁Car pos ina ▁ex s angu is ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁in ▁the ▁Car pos in idae ▁family . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Mey rick ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁South ▁Africa . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Natural ▁History ▁Museum ▁Le pid optera ▁generic ▁names ▁catalog ▁ ▁Category : Car pos in idae ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁Africa <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Ch anc ery ▁Court ▁of ▁York ▁is ▁an ▁ecc les iast ical ▁court ▁for ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁York ▁of |
▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁England . ▁It ▁receives ▁appe als ▁from ▁cons istory ▁courts ▁of ▁dioc eses ▁within ▁the ▁province . ▁ ▁The ▁pres iding ▁officer , ▁the ▁Official ▁Princi pal ▁and ▁Aud itor , ▁has ▁been ▁the ▁same ▁person ▁as ▁the ▁Dean ▁of ▁the ▁Arch es ▁since ▁the ▁nin ete enth ▁century . ▁The ▁Court ▁compr ises ▁the ▁Aud itor , ▁two ▁cler gy ▁and ▁two ▁lay men , ▁as ▁for ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁the ▁Arch es ▁in ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁Can ter bury . ▁The ▁Reg istr ar ▁is ▁distinct ▁however , ▁and ▁is ▁at ▁present ▁Lion el ▁Len no x ▁( 1 9 8 7 – ). ▁ ▁Original ▁juris diction ▁was ▁formerly ▁exerc ised ▁by ▁a ▁separate ▁provincial ▁court , ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁A udi ence . ▁It ▁was ▁pres ided ▁over ▁by ▁the ▁Aud itor . ▁This ▁court ▁was ▁merged ▁in ▁the ▁Ch anc ery ▁Court ▁of ▁York ▁in ▁the ▁eigh teenth ▁century . ▁ ▁The ▁Provin cial ▁Reg istr ar ▁of ▁York ▁is ▁appointed ▁by ▁the ▁arch bishop , ▁after ▁consult ation ▁with ▁the ▁Stand ing ▁Committee ▁of ▁the ▁General ▁Syn od . ▁There ▁may ▁be ▁a ▁deput y ▁provincial ▁registr ar . ▁The ▁provincial ▁registr ar ▁acts ▁as ▁legal ▁ad visor ▁to ▁the ▁arch bishop , ▁registr ar ▁of ▁the ▁provincial ▁court , ▁and ▁joint ▁registr ar ▁of ▁the ▁General ▁Syn od . ▁ ▁Aud itors ▁of ▁the ▁Ch anc ery ▁Court ▁of ▁York ▁Charles ▁George , ▁Q C , ▁ 2 0 0 9 |
– ▁She ila ▁Camer on , ▁C BE , ▁Q C , ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 2 0 0 9 ▁The ▁Hon ▁Sir ▁John ▁O wen , ▁Q C , ▁ 1 9 8 0 – 2 0 0 0 ▁The ▁Rev d ▁Kenneth ▁El ph inst one , ▁Q C , ▁ 1 9 7 7 – 1 9 8 0 ▁Sir ▁Harold ▁Kent , ▁GC B , ▁Q C , ▁ 1 9 7 2 – 1 9 7 6 ▁Walter ▁W igg les worth , ▁Q C , ▁ 1 9 7 1 – 1 9 7 2 ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Sir ▁Henry ▁Will ink , ▁B t , ▁Q C , ▁ 1 9 5 5 – 1 9 7 1 ▁Sir ▁Philip ▁Wil bra ham - B aker , ▁B t . ▁K BE , ▁ 1 9 3 4 – 1 9 5 5 ▁Sir ▁Lewis ▁D ib din , ▁Q C , ▁ 1 9 0 3 – 1 9 3 4 ▁Sir ▁Arthur ▁Charles , ▁ 1 8 9 8 – 1 9 0 3 ▁The ▁R t ▁Hon ▁Lord ▁P enz ance , ▁ 1 8 7 5 – 1 8 9 9 ▁ ▁Category : Can on ▁law ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁England ▁Category : E cc les iast ical ▁courts <0x0A> </s> ▁Char lo ▁( also ▁Charlot ; ▁Cla w ▁of ▁the ▁Little ▁G ri zz ly ▁or ▁Small ▁G ri zz ly - B ear ▁Cla w ) |
▁( c . ▁ 1 8 3 0 – 1 9 1 0 ) ▁was ▁head ▁chief ▁of ▁the ▁B itter root ▁Sal ish ▁from ▁ 1 8 7 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 0 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁chief ▁upon ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁father , ▁Chief ▁Victor ▁( Many ▁H ors es ▁or ▁Pl enty - of - H ors es ). ▁CH IE F ▁VI CT ORS ▁S IGN AT URE ▁W AS ▁FOR GE D ▁during ▁the ▁signing ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Hell gate ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 5 . ▁ ▁Char lo , ▁like ▁Chief ▁Victor ▁before ▁him , ▁followed ▁a ▁policy ▁of ▁peace ▁with ▁the ▁American ▁sett lers ▁in ▁South western ▁Mont ana ▁and ▁the ▁soldiers ▁at ▁nearby ▁Fort ▁Miss ou la . ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁Char lo ▁and ▁a ▁small ▁rem nant ▁of ▁the ▁B itter root ▁Sal ish ▁were ▁forced ▁by ▁a ▁cont ing ent ▁of ▁troops ▁from ▁Fort ▁Miss ou la ▁to ▁move ▁from ▁the ▁B itter root ▁Valley ▁and ▁St . ▁Mary ' s ▁mission ▁to ▁the ▁Fl at head ▁Res ervation . ▁ ▁Char lo ▁had ▁three ▁children ▁from ▁his ▁marriage ▁to ▁Margaret : ▁Martin , ▁Ann ▁Felix , ▁and ▁Victor . ▁Victor ▁became ▁head ▁chief ▁upon ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁Char lo ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 1 0 . ▁ ▁A ▁speech ▁printed ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁by ▁Mont ana ▁newsp apers ▁expressed ▁the ▁fr ustration |
▁and ▁bet ray al ▁felt ▁by ▁Char lo ▁towards ▁the ▁white ▁sett lers ▁and ▁the ▁U . S . ▁military ▁and ▁government ▁represent atives . ▁In ▁part ▁it ▁read : ▁ ▁The ▁town ▁of ▁Char lo , ▁Mont ana ▁and ▁Chief ▁Char lo ▁Element ary ▁School , ▁in ▁Miss ou la , ▁Mont ana , ▁are ▁named ▁after ▁him . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁Confeder ated ▁Trib es ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Hell gate ▁( 1 8 5 5 ) ▁ ▁Chief ▁Char lo ' s ▁House , ▁Ma ure en ▁and ▁Mike ▁Mans field ▁Library ▁Digital ▁Col lections , ▁University ▁of ▁Mont ana ▁Ex cer pt ▁ 9 ▁from ▁' J ourn als ▁Of ▁The ▁Lewis ▁& ▁Clark ▁Ex ped ition ' ▁( Print ▁Edition ▁by ▁University ▁Of ▁Neb r aska ▁Press , ▁July ▁ 1 9 8 9 ) ▁C itation ▁reference ▁for ▁Chief ▁Char lo ' s ▁words ▁ ▁Category : Native ▁American ▁leaders ▁Category : 1 8 3 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 1 0 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Miss ou la ▁County , ▁Mont ana ▁Category : Inter ior ▁Sal ish <0x0A> </s> ▁Ar in ▁was ▁a ▁Y en ise ian ▁language ▁spoken ▁in ▁Russia ▁along ▁the ▁Y en ise i ▁River ▁between ▁Y en ise y sk ▁and ▁K ras no yar sk . ▁It ▁is ▁class ified ▁as ▁a ▁Southern ▁Y en ise ian ▁language , ▁along ▁with ▁P ump ok ol , ▁K ott , |
▁and ▁Ass an . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁term ▁Ar ▁or ▁Ara ▁was ▁used ▁by ▁speak ers ▁of ▁Ar in ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁themselves . ▁It ▁became ▁ext inct ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century . ▁ ▁The ▁closest ▁known ▁relative ▁of ▁Ar in , ▁P ump ok ol , ▁has ▁been ▁suggested ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁language ▁of ▁the ▁r uling ▁el ite ▁of ▁the ▁X ion gnu , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁J ie ▁r uling ▁class ▁of ▁the ▁Later ▁Z ha o ▁dynast y . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Ar in ▁basic ▁lex icon ▁at ▁the ▁Global ▁Lex ic ost at ist ical ▁Database ▁ ▁Category : Ext inct ▁languages ▁of ▁Asia ▁Category : Y en ise ian ▁languages ▁Category : L anguages ▁ext inct ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 th ▁century <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁following ▁list ▁includes ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁list ings ▁in ▁Str ath con a ▁Regional ▁District , ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁'' ( re ferences ▁appear ▁in ▁the ▁table ▁above ▁as ▁external ▁links ) ▁ ▁Str ath con a ▁Regional ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁Sul hi ▁D ö lek ▁( 1 9 4 8 - 2 0 0 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Turkish ▁writer , ▁sat ir ist , ▁ ▁mechanical ▁engineer ▁and ▁n avy ▁officer . ▁ ▁Sul hi ▁D ö lek ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁ İ stan bul ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 8 . ▁He ▁joined ▁the ▁Turkish ▁Navy |
▁and ▁studied ▁in ▁the ▁Naval ▁Academy . ▁For ▁further ▁studies , ▁he ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁He ▁studied ▁ ▁mechanical ▁engineering ▁and ▁marine ▁engineering ▁at ▁Michigan ▁University . ▁He ▁res igned ▁from ▁the ▁Navy ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁in ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁a ▁Commander , ▁and ▁continued ▁as ▁a ▁writer . ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁ 7 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁due ▁to ▁c ere br al ▁hem or rh age . ▁ ▁Even ▁before ▁his ▁ret irement , ▁some ▁of ▁his ▁short ▁stories ▁were ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁sat ir ical ▁magazine ▁Ak b aba . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁wrote ▁in ▁the ▁d ail ies ▁Mill iy et ▁and ▁C um h uri y et . ▁ ▁Works ▁Below ▁are ▁his ▁b oks : ▁ ▁Nov els ▁ 1 9 7 5 : ▁Kor ug an ▁(" H ang ar ") ▁ 1 9 8 1 : ▁Ge ç ▁Ba ş lay an ▁Y arg ı l ama ▁(" A ▁Del ay ed ▁Tri al " ▁) ▁ 1 9 8 2 : ▁Ki rac ı ▁(" T enant ") ▁ 1 9 8 8 : ▁T es lim ▁ol ▁Kü ç ük ▁(" S urr ender , ▁the ▁Little ▁One ") ▁ 1 9 9 1 : ▁Tru va ▁Kat ı r ı ▁( The ▁M ule ▁of ▁T roy ) ▁ 1 9 9 7 : ▁Kir pi ▁(" H edge h og ") ▁ ▁Short ▁story ▁books ▁ 1 9 8 3 : ▁Vid al |
ar ▁(" The ▁S cre ws ") ▁ 1 9 9 4 : ▁A yn al ar ▁(" The ▁Mir ror s ") ▁ ▁Ess ays ▁and ▁research ▁books ▁ 1 9 8 3 : ▁Y er gi ▁N ü kte ▁ve ▁F ı k ral ar ı y la ▁Y us uf ▁Z i ya ▁Or ta ç ▁(" Y us uf ▁Z i ya ▁Or ta ç ▁with ▁his ▁Sat ires ▁Ep ig ram ▁and ▁A nect odes ") ▁ 1 9 9 0 : ▁Bal ı ğ ı n ▁ ş ark ı s ı ▁(" The ▁song ▁of ▁the ▁Fish ") ▁ 1 9 9 0 : ▁ İ ç im iz de ki ▁Y as ak ç ı ▁(" The ▁For bid der ▁Inside ▁Us ") ▁▁▁ 1 9 9 7 : ▁Hab is ’ in ▁Ser ü ven ler i ▁(" The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁the ▁H ang dog ") ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁wrote ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁children ' s ▁books . ▁ ▁TV ▁and ▁D rama ▁ ▁D ü ny a ▁D ön ü y or ▁(" The ▁World ▁Rot ates ") ▁ ▁Sü per ▁B aba ▁(" The ▁Super ▁Father ") ▁ ▁Kü ly ut maz ▁(" The ▁C unning ") ▁▁ İ k inci ▁Bah ar ▁(" Second ▁Spring ") ▁ ▁Kir pi ▁(" The ▁H edge h og ") ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁Ist an bul ▁Category : Univers ity |
▁of ▁Michigan ▁College ▁of ▁Engineering ▁al umn i ▁Category : T urk ish ▁Navy ▁officers ▁Category : T urk ish ▁mechanical ▁engine ers ▁Category : T urk ish ▁sat ir ists ▁Category : T urk ish ▁ess ay ists ▁Category : T urk ish ▁male ▁short ▁story ▁writers ▁Category : T urk ish ▁dram at ists ▁and ▁play w right s ▁Category : T urk ish ▁children ' s ▁writers ▁Category : A kb aba ▁people ▁Category : M illi y et ▁people ▁Category : C um h uri y et ▁people ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁death s ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁c ere br al ▁inf ar ction ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁ess ay ists <0x0A> </s> ▁From ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁T ong a ▁was ▁a ▁protected ▁state ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁ ▁History ▁T ong a ▁became ▁a ▁British ▁protected ▁state ▁under ▁a ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Friend ship ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁when ▁European ▁sett lers ▁and ▁rival ▁T ong an ▁chief s ▁tried ▁to ▁ou st ▁the ▁second ▁king . ▁The ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Friend ship ▁and ▁protected ▁state ▁status ▁ended ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁under ▁arrang ements ▁established ▁prior ▁to ▁her ▁death ▁by ▁the ▁third ▁monarch , ▁Queen ▁S ā l ote . ▁ ▁An ▁un sp oken ▁agreement ▁of ▁the ▁treat y ▁that ▁was ▁common ▁in ▁British ▁Prote |
ctor ate ▁states ▁was ▁a ▁new ▁British ▁mon opol y ▁on ▁T ong a ' s ▁th riv ing ▁van illa ▁industry , ▁and ▁their ▁small ▁depos its ▁of ▁min er als . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 8 ▁May ▁ 1 9 0 0 , ▁to ▁disc ou rage ▁German ▁adv ances , ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁T ong a ▁became ▁a ▁Prote cted ▁State ▁with ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁under ▁a ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Friend ship ▁signed ▁by ▁George ▁T up ou ▁II ▁after ▁European ▁sett lers ▁and ▁rival ▁T ong an ▁chief s ▁attempted ▁to ▁over throw ▁him . ▁ ▁Foreign ▁affairs ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁T ong a ▁were ▁conducted ▁through ▁the ▁British ▁Cons ul . ▁The ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁had ▁v eto ▁power ▁over ▁foreign ▁policies ▁and ▁fin ances ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁T ong a . ▁ ▁T ong a ▁was ▁affected ▁by ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁flu ▁pan demic , ▁with ▁ 1 , 8 0 0 ▁T ong ans ▁killed , ▁around ▁eight ▁per ▁cent ▁of ▁the ▁residents . ▁ ▁For ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁T ong a ▁was ▁quiet , ▁in ward - looking , ▁and ▁somewhat ▁isolated ▁from ▁develop ments ▁elsewhere ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁T ong a ' s ▁complex ▁social ▁structure ▁is ▁essentially ▁broken ▁into ▁three ▁t iers : ▁the ▁king , ▁the ▁nobles , ▁and ▁the ▁common ers . ▁Between ▁the ▁nobles ▁and ▁common ers ▁are ▁Mat ap ule , ▁sometimes ▁called ▁" t alk ing ▁chief s |
," ▁who ▁are ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁king ▁or ▁a ▁noble ▁and ▁who ▁may ▁or ▁may ▁not ▁hold ▁est ates . ▁O bl ig ations ▁and ▁respons ib ilities ▁are ▁reci pro cal , ▁and ▁although ▁the ▁nob ility ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁extract ▁fav ors ▁from ▁people ▁living ▁on ▁their ▁est ates , ▁they ▁like wise ▁must ▁extend ▁fav ors ▁to ▁their ▁people . ▁Status ▁and ▁rank ▁play ▁a ▁powerful ▁role ▁in ▁personal ▁relationships , ▁even ▁within ▁families . ▁ ▁On ▁ 4 ▁June ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁protected ▁state ▁status ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁T ong a ▁ended . ▁The ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁T ong a ▁protected ▁state ▁status ▁was ▁ar ra igned ▁by ▁Sal ote ▁T up ou ▁III ▁prior ▁to ▁her ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : History ▁of ▁T ong a ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Western ▁Pacific ▁Territ ories ▁Category : Form er ▁British ▁colon ies ▁and ▁prote ctor ates ▁in ▁O ce ania ▁T ong a ▁T ong a ▁Category : 1 9 0 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Empire ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Empire ▁Category : 1 9 0 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁O ce ania ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁O ce ania ▁Category : 2 0 th ▁century ▁in ▁T ong a <0x0A> </s> ▁Wille m ▁" P im " ▁Does burg ▁( ; ▁born ▁ |
2 8 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁in ▁Rot ter dam , ▁South ▁Holland ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁football ▁goal keeper ▁who ▁obtained ▁eight ▁caps ▁for ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁national ▁football ▁team ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 – 1 9 8 1 . ▁ ▁Does burg ▁is ▁the ▁E red iv isie ▁record ▁holder ▁in ▁matches ▁played , ▁with ▁ 6 8 7 ▁in ▁total ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 5 - year ▁career . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁senior ▁debut ▁for ▁Spart a ▁Rot ter dam ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁against ▁Bla uw - W it ▁and ▁played ▁ 4 6 3 ▁E red iv isie ▁matches ▁for ▁them ▁in ▁two ▁sp ells ▁with ▁the ▁club ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁K N VB ▁Cup . ▁He ▁also ▁played ▁over ▁ 2 0 0 ▁games ▁for ▁P SV ▁E ind h oven , ▁winning ▁the ▁Dutch ▁title ▁twice ▁( 1 9 8 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 7 ). ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁Does burg ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁in ▁an ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁friendly ▁match ▁against ▁Belg ium ▁and ▁earned ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 8 ▁caps . ▁He ▁played ▁one ▁match ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁European ▁Championships ▁versus ▁Greece ▁in ▁Nap les , ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁to ▁replace ▁Piet ▁Sch rij vers ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁minute ▁of ▁a ▁ 1 - 0 ▁win . ▁His ▁final ▁international ▁game ▁was ▁in |
▁February ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁against ▁Cy pr us . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁After ▁his ▁career ▁ended , ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁keep ers ▁coach , ▁and ▁he ▁is ▁currently ▁working ▁for ▁F ey eno ord . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁Club ▁Spart a ▁K N VB ▁Cup : ▁ 1 9 6 5 – 6 6 , ▁ ▁P SV ▁E red iv isie : ▁ 1 9 8 5 – 8 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 – 8 7 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Vo et bal Focus ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁from ▁Rot ter dam ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁goal keep ers ▁Category : D utch ▁football ers ▁Category : N ether lands ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : 1 9 7 8 ▁FIFA ▁World ▁Cup ▁players ▁Category : UE FA ▁Euro ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁players ▁Category : S part a ▁Rot ter dam ▁players ▁Category : PS V ▁E ind h oven ▁players ▁Category : E red iv isie ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁H é ð ins f jar ð arg ö ng ▁are ▁two ▁road ▁t unn els ▁in ▁northern ▁I cel and , ▁connecting ▁Ó la f sf jör ð ur ▁and ▁Sig l uf jör ð ur . ▁They ▁were ▁opened ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁total ▁cost ▁was ▁around ▁IS K ▁ 1 2 ▁billion ▁($ 1 0 6 |
▁million ). ▁ ▁Social , ▁economic ▁and ▁cultural ▁impact ▁of ▁the ▁t unn els ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁a ▁seven - year ▁research ▁project ▁was ▁initi ated ▁to ▁evaluate ▁the ▁social , ▁economic , ▁and ▁cultural ▁impact ▁of ▁the ▁H é ð ins f jör ð ur ▁t unn els . ▁The ▁project ▁was ▁directed ▁by ▁Professor ▁Thor odd ur ▁B j arn ason ▁and ▁implemented ▁by ▁a ▁research ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ak ure y ri . ▁ ▁The ▁results ▁show ▁that ▁the ▁tunnel ▁traffic ▁is ▁above ▁expect ations . ▁There ▁is ▁considerable ▁comm uting ▁between ▁Ó la f sf jör ð ur ▁and ▁Sig l uf jör ð ur , ▁and ▁the ▁vast ▁majority ▁of ▁residents ▁travel ▁between ▁them ▁for ▁sho pping , ▁services , ▁events , ▁and ▁social ▁participation . ▁The ▁regional ▁economy ▁has ▁strength ened , ▁and ▁satisfaction ▁with ▁prices ▁and ▁divers ity ▁of ▁goods ▁and ▁services ▁has ▁increased . ▁Sig l uf jör ð ur ▁has ▁become ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁E y ja f jör ð ur ▁tour ism ▁region ▁and ▁a ▁destination ▁for ▁tour ists ▁between ▁Ak ure y ri ▁and ▁the ▁Re yk jav ík ▁capital ▁region . ▁▁ ▁There ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁over night ▁stays , ▁and ▁the ▁predicted ▁tour ism ▁circle ▁around ▁the ▁Tr öll ask agi ▁pen ins ula ▁has ▁not ▁material ized . ▁The ▁services ▁of ▁state ▁and ▁municipality ▁have ▁been ▁reduced , ▁in ▁part ▁as ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁economic ▁crisis |
▁of ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁Res idents ▁are ▁more ▁satisfied ▁with ▁their ▁educational ▁opportun ities ▁but ▁less ▁satisfied ▁with ▁polic ing ▁and ▁access ▁to ▁health ▁services . ▁T ensions ▁between ▁residents ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁towns ▁do ▁not ▁appear ▁to ▁have ▁increased , ▁even ▁though ▁Ó la f sf jör ð ur ▁residents ▁tend ▁to ▁think ▁that ▁they ▁do ▁not ▁receive ▁their ▁fair ▁share ▁in ▁public ▁services . ▁A ▁population ▁increase ▁has ▁been ▁observed ▁in ▁Sig l uf jör ð ur , ▁while ▁population ▁decl ine ▁appears ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁halt ed ▁in ▁Ó la f sf jör ð ur . ▁There ▁has ▁in ▁particular ▁been ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁younger ▁women , ▁young ▁children , ▁and ▁foreign ▁citizens , ▁and ▁young ▁people ▁are ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁expect ▁to ▁stay ▁in ▁their ▁home ▁community . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁I cel and ▁Review ▁article ▁Official ▁information ▁bro ch ure ▁in ▁I cel and ic ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Ro ad ▁t unn els ▁in ▁I cel and ▁Category : T unn els ▁completed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁N ort he astern ▁Region ▁( I cel and ) <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁national ▁highway ▁connecting ▁H ime ji ▁and ▁T ott ori ▁in ▁Japan . ▁ ▁Route ▁data ▁L ength : ▁ 1 1 9 . 7 km ▁( 7 4 . 4 mi ) ▁Origin : ▁H ime ji ▁Term inus : ▁T ott ori ▁( ends ▁at ▁j |
unction ▁with ▁Route ▁ 9 ) ▁Major ▁cities : ▁T ats uno , ▁Sh iso ▁ ▁History ▁ 1 9 5 2 - 1 2 - 0 4 ▁- ▁First ▁Class ▁National ▁Highway ▁ 2 9 ▁( from ▁H ime ji ▁to ▁T ott ori ) ▁ 1 9 6 5 - 0 4 - 0 1 ▁- ▁General ▁National ▁Highway ▁ 2 9 ▁( from ▁H ime ji ▁to ▁T ott ori ) ▁ ▁Inter sect s ▁with ▁ ▁Hy ogo ▁Pref ect ure ▁T ott ori ▁Pref ect ure ▁ ▁References ▁▁ 0 2 9 ▁Category : Ro ads ▁in ▁Hy ō go ▁Pref ect ure ▁Category : Ro ads ▁in ▁T ott ori ▁Pref ect ure <0x0A> </s> ▁M ónica ▁Rey ▁G uti ér rez ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Af ro - B ol iv ian ▁cultural ▁leader ▁and ▁activ ist ▁whose ▁anth rop ological ▁research ▁helped ▁pass ▁legisl ation ▁for ▁formal ▁recognition ▁of ▁Af ro - B ol iv ians ▁as ▁an ▁eth nic ▁category ▁in ▁the ▁census ▁of ▁the ▁country . ▁After ▁serving ▁as ▁an ▁educ ator ▁and ▁cultural ▁activ ist ▁for ▁many ▁years , ▁she ▁went ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁government . ▁She ▁is ▁currently ▁a ▁su pr an ational ▁delegate ▁in ▁the ▁Pl ur in ational ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁of ▁Boliv ia . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Ad al berta ▁M ónica ▁Rey ▁G uti ér rez ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁in ▁Comun |
idad ▁Mar ca , ▁of ▁the ▁Nor ▁Y ung as ▁Province , ▁La ▁Paz ▁Department , ▁Boliv ia . ▁She ▁was ▁raised ▁in ▁the ▁Comun idad ▁Santa ▁Ana , ▁near ▁Cor o ico ▁by ▁her ▁mother , ▁Flor ent ina ▁G uti ér rez ▁Bar ra , ▁and ▁step - father , ▁S ime ón ▁Rey ▁Bar ra . ▁Rey ▁moved ▁to ▁La ▁Paz ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁eleven ▁and ▁continued ▁her ▁school ing ▁at ▁the ▁board ing ▁school ▁Hog ar ▁y ▁Co leg io ▁A ve ▁María . ▁She ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Af ro - B ol iv ian ▁to ▁gradu ate ▁with ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁di pl oma ▁from ▁the ▁school . ▁Rey ▁continued ▁her ▁education ▁at ▁the ▁High er ▁University ▁of ▁San ▁And rés ▁() and ▁earned ▁a ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁social ▁communic ations ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁Her ▁th esis , ▁La ▁S aya ▁como ▁medio ▁de ▁comun icación ▁y ▁expres ión ▁cultural ▁en ▁la ▁comun idad ▁Af ro bol iv iana ▁( S aya ▁as ▁Mode ▁of ▁Communic ation ▁and ▁Cultural ▁Expression ▁in ▁the ▁Af ro - B ol iv ian ▁Community ) ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁substantial ▁work ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁extens ively ▁research ed ▁which ▁analyz ed ▁the ▁Af ro - B ol iv ian ▁segment ▁of ▁the ▁population . ▁In ▁inter views ▁with ▁community ▁el ders , ▁Rey ▁discovered ▁that ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Y ung as ▁communities ▁still ▁had ▁songs ▁and ▁cer emon ies ▁performed ▁in ▁African ▁languages . ▁The |
▁th esis ▁evaluated ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁say a , ▁a ▁unique ▁song ▁and ▁dance ▁tradition ▁to ▁the ▁identity ▁of ▁Af ro - B ol iv ians , ▁confirm ing ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁musical ▁performance , ▁but ▁an ▁integral ▁part ▁of ▁their ▁cultural ▁expression . ▁It ▁became ▁an ▁important ▁reference ▁for ▁both ▁research ers ▁who ▁followed , ▁and ▁journal ists . ▁ ▁While ▁still ▁in ▁college , ▁Rey ▁emer ged ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁identity ▁movement ▁of ▁Af ro - B ol iv ians , ▁which ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁was ▁made ▁up ▁mostly ▁of ▁young ▁people ▁who ▁had ▁moved ▁from ▁the ▁coun tr ys ide ▁to ▁the ▁capital ▁for ▁education ▁or ▁work . ▁They ▁began ▁performing ▁say a ▁at ▁public ▁events ▁and ▁gained ▁official ▁recognition ▁of ▁their ▁organization , ▁the ▁Af ro - B ol iv ian ▁S aya ▁Cultural ▁Mov ement ▁( ), ▁which ▁was ▁created ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁to ▁rev ive ▁and ▁assert ▁the ▁cultural ▁trad itions ▁of ▁Af ro - B ol iv ians . ▁One ▁of ▁their ▁first ▁success es ▁was ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁vern ac ular ▁way ▁of ▁referencing ▁the ▁people ▁of ▁African ▁descent ▁in ▁Boliv ia ▁from ▁being ▁called ▁neg rit os ▁( de ar / c ute ▁little ▁black s ) ▁or ▁mor en os ▁( dark - color ed ▁people ) ▁to ▁Af ro bol iv iano , ▁recogn izing ▁that ▁black s ▁were ▁a ▁distinct ▁eth nic ▁group ▁but ▁also ▁Boliv ian . ▁In ▁ 1 9 |
9 4 , ▁she ▁led ▁a ▁march ▁on ▁the ▁president ial ▁palace ▁to ▁gain ▁recognition ▁for ▁Af ro - B ol iv ians . ▁Rey , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁found ers ▁of ▁the ▁organization , ▁served ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁MC SA ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁Career ▁Al most ▁immediately ▁after ▁her ▁gradu ation , ▁Rey ▁began ▁working ▁with ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁team ▁members ▁on ▁a ▁project ▁spons ored ▁by ▁the ▁Inter - American ▁Development ▁Bank ▁to ▁conduct ▁research ▁and ▁survey ▁conditions ▁throughout ▁the ▁country ▁effect ing ▁the ▁Af ro - B ol iv ian ▁population . ▁Their ▁find ings ▁reported ▁as , ▁Di agn ó st ico ▁de ▁la ▁situ ación ▁del ▁pueblo ▁negro ▁en ▁Boliv ia ▁( Di agnostic ▁of ▁the ▁Situ ation ▁of ▁the ▁Black ▁Community ▁in ▁Boliv ia ), ▁estimated ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁the ▁size ▁of ▁that ▁segment ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁to ▁be ▁around ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁Another ▁book let , ▁El ▁tamb or ▁mayor ▁( The ▁main ▁drum ), ▁written ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁the ▁Fund ación ▁Sim ón ▁y ▁P ati ño , ▁was ▁produced ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁by ▁Rey , ▁who ▁coordin ated ▁a ▁group ▁effort ▁written ▁on ▁the ▁culture ▁and ▁history ▁of ▁Af ro - B ol iv ians . ▁That ▁same ▁year , ▁Rey ▁took ▁a ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁General ▁Director ate ▁of ▁Arch ae ology ▁and ▁Anth rop ology , ▁leaving ▁after ▁one ▁year ▁to |
▁teach ▁at ▁the ▁ ▁( Uni Fran z ). ▁After ▁five ▁years , ▁she ▁left ▁Un i Fran z ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁began ▁teaching ▁at ▁her ▁al ma ▁mater , ▁U MS A . ▁ ▁Between ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Rey ▁participated ▁in ▁and ▁led ▁work sh ops ▁at ▁many ▁international ▁events ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁African ▁di as por a ▁travel ing ▁to ▁Argentina , ▁Brazil , ▁Colombia , ▁E cuador , ▁H ond uras , ▁Pan ama , ▁Peru , ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁Uruguay ▁and ▁Venezuela . ▁She ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Boliv ian ▁representative ▁at ▁numerous ▁meet ings ▁of ▁African ▁American ▁organizations ▁throughout ▁the ▁continent . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Rey ▁accepted ▁a ▁post ▁in ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Culture ▁became ▁the ▁Director ▁General ▁of ▁the ▁Fight ▁Again st ▁R ac ism ▁within ▁the ▁Vice - Min istry ▁of ▁Dec ol on ization . ▁The ▁following ▁year , ▁she ▁became ▁an ▁ad visor ▁to ▁the ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Product ive ▁Development ▁and ▁Pl ural ▁Econom y ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁Af ro - B ol iv ians ▁were ▁allowed ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁government ▁and ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Department al ▁Council . ▁They ▁formed ▁the ▁National ▁Council ▁of ▁Af ro - B ol iv ians ▁() ▁on ▁which ▁Rey ▁served ▁as ▁secretary ▁of ▁communication ▁and ▁international ▁relations . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁Boliv |
ians ▁of ▁African ▁descent ▁were ▁enumer ated ▁on ▁the ▁national ▁population ▁census ▁as ▁a ▁specific ▁eth nic ▁group . ▁Census ▁data , ▁which ▁counted ▁citizens ▁over ▁age ▁fifteen , ▁showed ▁that ▁the ▁Af ro - B ol iv ian ▁sector ▁represented ▁ 1 6 , 3 2 9 ▁people ▁compared ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 0 ▁million ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁entire ▁population . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Rey ▁became ▁Director ▁General ▁of ▁Cons umer ▁Prote ction ▁in ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Product ive ▁Development ▁and ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁su pr an ational ▁deput y ▁in ▁the ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Deput ies ▁of ▁the ▁administration ▁of ▁President ▁E vo ▁Mor ales . ▁She ▁introduced ▁legisl ation ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁to ▁protect ▁the ▁human ▁and ▁civil ▁rights ▁of ▁the ▁African ▁community ▁in ▁Boliv ia ▁including ▁anti - dis c rim ination ▁prov isions . ▁ ▁Rey ▁has ▁published ▁articles ▁both ▁nation ally ▁and ▁intern ation ally ▁in ▁journ als ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁having ▁been ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁interview ▁for ▁other ▁research ers ▁and ▁journal ists ▁on ▁Af ro - B ol iv ian ▁them es . ▁She ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁few ▁authors ▁who ▁have ▁created ▁major ▁reference ▁works ▁on ▁Af ro - B ol iv ian ▁people . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁La ▁Paz ▁Department ▁( B ol iv ia ) ▁Category : A f ro - B |
ol iv ian ▁people ▁Category : H uman ▁rights ▁activ ists ▁Category : C ivil ▁rights ▁activ ists ▁Category : B ol iv ian ▁polit icians ▁Category : B ol iv ian ▁women ▁in ▁politics <0x0A> </s> ▁Action ▁is ▁a ▁play ▁by ▁Sam ▁She p ard . ▁ ▁Production ▁history ▁Action ▁was ▁first ▁performed ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Court ▁Theatre ▁Up st airs , ▁London , ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁The ▁original ▁cast ▁was ▁as ▁follows : ▁Sho oter ▁- ▁Steven ▁Moore ▁Je ep ▁- ▁Steven ▁Re a ▁ ▁L iza ▁- ▁Lu pe ▁- ▁Jenn ifer ▁St ol ler ▁Direct ed ▁by ▁Nancy ▁Me ck ler ▁ ▁Plot ▁summary ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁plays ▁Category : Pl ays ▁by ▁Sam ▁She p ard <0x0A> </s> ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁Ben ger ▁Master ▁of ▁the ▁Re vel s ▁( ca . ▁ 1 5 2 0 ? ▁– ▁ 1 5 7 2 ) ▁succeeded ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁Ca ward en ▁as ▁Elizabeth ▁I ' s ▁Master ▁of ▁the ▁Re vel s ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁January ▁ 1 5 6 0 . ▁He ▁served ▁until ▁ 1 5 7 2 ▁when ▁it ▁appears ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁B lag ra ve ▁stepped ▁in . ▁Ben ger ▁was ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁in effect ual ▁master ▁of ▁the ▁revel s , ▁purely ▁on ▁account ▁that ▁a ▁char ter ▁for ▁his ▁successor ▁hadn ' t ▁been ▁drawn ▁up ▁at ▁his ▁death . ▁Ben ger ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁loyal ▁member ▁of ▁the |
▁Princess ▁Elizabeth ' s ▁household ▁at ▁Hat field ▁during ▁the ▁several ▁imprison ments ▁she ▁had ▁suffered ▁under ▁her ▁sister , ▁Mary ▁I . ▁ ▁On ▁ 5 ▁June ▁ 1 5 5 5 ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁exam ined ▁by ▁Secretary ▁Bour ne , ▁the ▁Master ▁of ▁the ▁Roll s , ▁Sir ▁Francis ▁Eng le field , ▁Sir ▁Richard ▁Read ▁and ▁Doctor ▁Hugh es , ▁" up on ▁such ▁points ▁as ▁they ▁shall ▁gather ▁out ▁of ▁their ▁former ▁conf essions , ▁touch ing ▁their ▁le wd ▁& ▁vain ▁pract ises ▁of ▁calculating ▁or ▁conj uring , ▁presently ▁sent ▁unto ▁them ▁with ▁the ▁said ▁letters ." ▁In ▁ 1 5 5 9 , ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁Parliament ▁for ▁Lanc aster . ▁ ▁Ben ger ▁produced ▁forty - six ▁plays ▁and ▁mas ques ▁that ▁de alt ▁with ▁the ▁fa ction al ▁intr ig ues ▁surrounding ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁marriage ▁negoti ations ▁between ▁ 1 5 6 0 ▁and ▁ 1 5 7 2 . ▁Only ▁eleven ▁of ▁his ▁plays ▁were ▁performed ▁by ▁adult ▁acting ▁tr oup es , ▁not ably ▁the ▁Grey ' s ▁Inn ▁Men , ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁be ▁his ▁group ▁of ▁child ▁actors ▁to ▁which ▁William ▁Shakespeare ▁refers ▁in ▁Ham let ▁act ▁ii , ▁scene ▁ii , ▁' an ▁a ery ▁of ▁children , ▁little ▁e y ases ▁that ▁cry ▁out ▁on ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁question ▁and ▁are ▁most ▁ty ran n ically ▁cla pped ▁for ▁it : ▁these ▁are ▁now ▁the ▁fashion ; ▁and ▁so ▁ber attle ▁the |
▁common ▁stages ▁that ▁many ▁we aring ▁ra pi ers ▁are ▁afraid ▁to ▁go ose ▁qu ills ▁and ▁dare ▁scar ce ▁come ▁h ither .' ▁▁ ▁Ben ger ' s ▁use ▁of ▁boy ▁actors ▁from ▁The ▁Children ▁of ▁St . ▁Paul s , ▁real istic ▁three - dimensional ▁scen ery , ▁and ▁stage ▁effects , ▁were ▁to ▁define ▁the ▁court ly ▁entertain ments ▁of ▁Elizabeth ' s ▁reign ▁and ▁set ▁the ▁standard ▁required ▁from ▁the ▁noble ▁l ords ▁the ▁Queen ▁visited ▁on ▁her ▁regular ▁summer ▁progress ions . ▁ ▁Ben ger ▁found ▁the ▁financial ▁bur den ▁of ▁the ▁office ▁too ▁much ▁for ▁his ▁family ▁to ▁bear ▁and ▁he ▁made ▁a ▁special ▁ple a ▁to ▁the ▁Queen ▁as ▁‘ one ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁of ▁the ▁poor ▁f lock ▁of ▁Hat field ’ ▁to ▁pay ▁off ▁his ▁deb ts ▁when ▁he ▁died ▁as ▁' the ▁charges ▁for ▁making ▁of ▁mask s ▁cam ▁never ▁to ▁so ▁little ▁a ▁sum ▁as ▁they ▁do ▁this ▁year .' ▁▁ ▁Ben ger ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 5 7 2 , ▁though ▁his ▁will ▁was ▁not ▁finally ▁proved ▁until ▁ 1 5 7 7 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 5 2 0 s ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 5 7 2 ▁death s ▁Category : 1 6 th - century ▁English ▁people ▁Category : English ▁kn ights <0x0A> </s> ▁Johannes ▁de ▁Mur is ▁( c . 1 2 9 0 ▁- ▁c . 1 3 5 5 ), ▁or ▁John ▁of ▁M urs , ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁phil os opher |
, ▁astronom er , ▁math ematic ian , ▁and ▁music ▁the or ist ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁treat ises ▁on ▁the ▁ar s ▁nova , ▁titled ▁Ar s ▁no ve ▁mus ice . ▁ ▁Life ▁ ▁For ▁a ▁medieval ▁person ▁primarily ▁known ▁through ▁his ▁scholar ly ▁writing , ▁it ▁is ▁highly ▁unusual ▁that ▁Johannes ▁de ▁Mur is ’ ▁life ▁can ▁be ▁trac ed ▁enough ▁to ▁form ▁a ▁dec ently ▁consistent ▁bi ography . ▁Born ▁in ▁Norm andy , ▁he ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁related ▁to ▁Julian ▁des ▁M urs ▁who ▁was ▁secretary ▁to ▁Charles ▁V ▁of ▁France . ▁The ▁suggested ▁birth ▁year ▁for ▁Mur is ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁murder ▁of ▁a ▁cler ic ▁on ▁September ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 3 1 0 , ▁which ▁Mur is ▁was ▁alleg edly ▁a ▁part ▁of . ▁Mur is ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 4 ▁to ▁assume ▁the ▁responsibility ▁for ▁the ▁crime , ▁suggesting ▁his ▁birth ▁year ▁to ▁be ▁som etime ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 2 9 0 s . ▁He ▁was ▁conv icted ▁and ▁ban ished ▁to ▁Cy pr us ▁for ▁seven ▁years ▁for ▁pun ishment . ▁The ▁al o of ▁and ▁ha ph az ard ▁movements ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁have ▁been ▁bl amed ▁on ▁this ▁early ▁pun ishment . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 3 1 8 ▁records ▁indicate ▁that ▁Mur is ▁was ▁living ▁in ▁É vre ux ▁although ▁he ▁was ▁act ively ▁taking ▁part ▁in ▁sch ol astic ▁endeav ors ▁in ▁Paris . ▁An ▁explicit ▁of ▁his ▁writ ings ▁indicate ▁that |
▁he ▁was ▁a ▁resident ▁in ▁the ▁Coll ège ▁de ▁Sor bon ne ▁until ▁around ▁ 1 3 2 5 . ▁During ▁this ▁time ▁it ▁is ▁believed ▁that ▁he ▁travel led ▁freely , ▁making ▁tri ps ▁to ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Bern ay ▁to ▁observe ▁the ▁solar ▁eclipse ▁of ▁ 1 3 2 1 . ▁However , ▁the ▁double ▁monaster y ▁of ▁F onte v ra ud ▁Ab bey ▁was ▁where ▁he ▁settled ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 3 2 6 . ▁He ▁remained ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁institution ▁until ▁ 1 3 3 2 ▁or ▁ 1 3 3 3 ▁when ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁É vre ux . ▁Fin an cial ▁records ▁in ▁Mur is ’ ▁own ▁hand ▁from ▁ 1 3 3 6 ▁indicate ▁that ▁he ▁took ▁up ▁residence ▁in ▁Paris ▁in ▁that ▁year . ▁In ▁ 1 3 4 2 ▁he ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁six ▁can ons ▁of ▁the ▁colleg iate ▁church ▁in ▁Mé zi ères - en - B ren ne . ▁In ▁ 1 3 4 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁invited ▁to ▁Av ignon ▁by ▁Pope ▁Clement ▁VI ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁calendar ▁reform . ▁The ▁final ▁date ▁associated ▁to ▁Mur is ▁is ▁ 1 3 4 5 ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁the ▁re forms ▁that ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁Av ignon . ▁ ▁Much ▁of ▁his ▁writ ings ▁were ▁finished ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁dec ades ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁with ▁a ▁major ▁gap ▁in ▁activity ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁filled ▁with ▁astronom ical ▁observations . ▁Though ▁his ▁mathematical ▁and ▁astronom ical ▁writ ings |
▁– ▁his ▁most ▁compreh ensive ▁being ▁Qu ad ri part it um ▁numer orum ▁from ▁ 1 3 4 3 ▁– ▁were ▁well ▁regarded , ▁influ ential , ▁and ▁transm itted ▁in ▁many ▁manuscript s , ▁his ▁musical ▁writ ings ▁were ▁more ▁widely ▁circul ated . ▁Mur is ▁wrote ▁five ▁treat ises ▁on ▁music : ▁Not it ia ▁art is ▁musica e ▁( 1 3 1 9 – 2 1 ), ▁Comp end ium ▁musica e ▁pract ica e ▁( c . ▁ 1 3 2 2 ), ▁Mus ica ▁spec ul ativa ▁sec und um ▁Bo et ium ▁( 1 3 2 3 ), ▁Lib ell us ▁cant us ▁mens ur abil is ▁( c . ▁ 1 3 4 0 ), ▁and ▁Ar s ▁cont rap unct i ▁( post ▁ 1 3 4 0 ) ▁( all ▁dates ▁are ▁suggested ▁dates ▁by ▁U . ▁Mich a els ). ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁surv iving ▁manuscript s ▁of ▁these ▁treat ises ▁are ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁century ▁and ▁of ▁Italian ▁origin , ▁suggesting ▁his ▁wide ▁influence ▁both ▁ge ographical ▁and ▁temporal . ▁ ▁References ▁Encyclop ædia ▁Britannica ▁entry ▁ ▁Category : 1 2 9 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 3 5 5 ▁death s ▁Category : F rench ▁philosoph ers ▁Category : Med ieval ▁French ▁mathemat icians ▁Category : F rench ▁mus icians ▁Category : F rench ▁music ▁the or ists ▁Category : 1 4 th - century ▁mathemat icians ▁Category : F rench ▁male ▁non - f iction |
▁writers ▁Category : Med ieval ▁French ▁astronom ers ▁Category : 1 4 th - century ▁astronom ers ▁Category : 1 4 th - century ▁philosoph ers ▁Category : 1 4 th - century ▁French ▁writers ▁Category : 1 4 th - century ▁Latin ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁K obe ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁settlement ▁in ▁Y olo ▁County , ▁California . ▁It ▁was ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁Southern ▁Pacific ▁Rail road ▁ ▁west ▁of ▁West ▁Sac r amento , ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 3 3 ▁feet ▁( 1 0 ▁m ). ▁ ▁It ▁still ▁appeared ▁on ▁maps ▁as ▁of ▁ 1 9 1 6 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Form er ▁settlement s ▁in ▁Y olo ▁County , ▁California ▁Category : Form er ▁populated ▁places ▁in ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Bishop rick ▁Gar land ▁is ▁a ▁book ▁compiled ▁by ▁C uth bert ▁Sh arp ▁which ▁gives ▁historical ▁details ▁of ▁people , ▁places ▁and ▁events ▁from ▁the ▁Bishop ric ▁of ▁Dur ham , ▁and ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 4 . ▁ ▁Details ▁The ▁Bishop rick ▁Gar land ▁– ▁( full ▁title ▁– ▁" The ▁Bishop rick ▁Gar land , ▁Or ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁Leg ends , ▁Songs , ▁Ball ads , ▁& c . ▁Bel ong ing ▁to ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁Dur ham . ▁[ By ▁Sir ▁C uth bert ▁Sh ar pe ] ". ▁London : ▁Nich ols , ▁and ▁Bald win ▁& ▁Cr ado ck . ▁ 1 8 3 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁book ▁of |
▁approximately ▁ 8 4 ▁pages , ▁giving ▁historical ▁details ▁of ▁people , ▁places , ▁songs , ▁po ems ▁and ▁writers ▁per tain ing ▁to ▁the ▁North ▁East ▁of ▁England , ▁and ▁in ▁particular ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁Dur ham ▁or ▁more ▁correctly ▁term ed ▁Bishop rick ▁of ▁Dur ham ▁( using ▁an ▁ob sole te ▁sp elling ▁of ▁bishop ric ). ▁ ▁It ▁contains ▁Ge ord ie ▁folk ▁songs ▁( or ▁extract s ▁from ) ▁and ▁contains ▁over ▁ 1 5 0 ▁such ▁song / po em ▁ly ric ▁extract s ▁on ▁over ▁ 8 0 ▁pages , ▁and ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 4 . ▁It ▁was ▁edited ▁by ▁( S ir ) ▁C uth bert ▁Sh arp . ▁ ▁Bibli ographical ▁details ▁ ▁It ▁is , ▁as ▁the ▁title ▁suggests ▁( this ▁meaning ▁of ▁gar land ▁being ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁short ▁literary ▁pieces , ▁such ▁as ▁ball ads ▁or ▁po ems ; ▁mis cell any ▁or ▁anth ology ), ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁historical ▁facts ▁from ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁Bishop ric ▁of ▁Dur ham . ▁There ▁are ▁a ▁surprising ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁entries ▁and ▁bi ograph ies , ▁but ▁disappoint ingly ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁songs / po etry ▁are ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁extract s , ▁and ▁some ▁bi ograph ies ▁are ▁quite ▁short . ▁ ▁The ▁front ▁cover ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁is ▁thus ▁:- ▁ ▁THE ▁B IS H OP R IC K ▁G AR L AND , ▁ ▁OR ▁A ▁COL LECT ION ▁OF ▁Leg ends , ▁Songs |
, ▁Ball ads , ▁& c . ▁ ▁B EL ONG ING ▁TO ▁THE ▁COUNT Y ▁OF ▁D UR H AM . ▁ ▁[ By ▁Sir ▁C uth bert ▁Sh ar pe ] ▁ ▁" That ▁old ▁and ▁ant ique ▁song ▁we ▁heard ▁last ▁night , ▁ ▁M eth ought , ▁it ▁did ▁rel ieve ▁my ▁passion ▁much , ▁ ▁More ▁than ▁light ▁air s , ▁and ▁re collect ed ▁terms , ▁ ▁Of ▁these ▁most ▁br isk ▁and ▁g idd y - p ac ed ▁times ." ▁ ▁Tw elf th ▁Night . ▁ ▁L ON D ON : ▁ ▁N IC H OL S , ▁AND ▁B AL D WIN ▁& ▁CR AD O CK . ▁▁ 1 8 3 4 ▁ ▁Cont ents ▁ ▁Are ▁as ▁below ▁:- < br / ▁> ▁ ▁Notes ▁B ▁W 1 ▁– ▁according ▁to ▁Bell ' s ▁– ▁Rh ym es ▁of ▁Northern ▁B ards ▁ 1 8 1 2 , ▁the ▁writer ▁is ▁M ▁W ▁of ▁North ▁Sh ield s ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁A ▁fac sim ile ▁repr int :- ▁New castle ▁upon ▁Ty ne : ▁Frank ▁Graham , ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁The ▁Bishop rick ▁Gar land ▁ 1 8 3 4 ▁by ▁Sh arp ▁ ▁Category : English ▁folk ▁songs ▁Category : S ongs ▁related ▁to ▁New castle ▁upon ▁Ty ne ▁Category : Count y ▁Dur ham ▁Category : N orth umb rian ▁fol kl ore ▁Category : Ch ap books ▁Category : 1 |
8 3 4 ▁books ▁Category : Music ▁books <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Run ner ▁is ▁a ▁reality ▁series ▁on ▁the ▁streaming ▁service ▁go 9 0 . ▁The ▁show ▁has ▁five ▁" Ch aser ▁Teams " ▁of ▁two ▁people ▁each ▁ch asing ▁down ▁the ▁runner ▁around ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁of ▁America ▁in ▁ 3 0 ▁days . ▁The ▁view ers ▁have ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁also ▁win ▁money ▁by ▁answering ▁questions ▁and / or ▁be fri ending ▁ch as ers . ▁Every ▁second ▁the ▁prize ▁money ▁goes ▁up ▁starting ▁at ▁$ 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁ending ▁with ▁$ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁on ▁July ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁The ▁Run ner ▁and ▁Ch ase ▁Teams ▁start ▁off ▁in ▁Richmond , ▁Virginia . ▁▁ ▁The ▁Run ner ▁could ▁be ▁watched ▁live ▁during ▁the ▁month ▁of ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁at ▁certain ▁times ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁In ▁the ▁situation ▁where ▁the ▁runner ▁is ▁caught , ▁the ▁team ▁who ▁caught ▁them ▁gets ▁the ▁current ▁b ount y ▁and ▁a ▁new ▁runner ▁starts ▁where ▁the ▁last ▁one ▁left ▁off . ▁The ▁show ▁is ▁co - host ed ▁by ▁Matthew ▁Patrick ▁( Mat Pat ) ▁and ▁K aj ▁Lars en . ▁The ▁show ▁went ▁through ▁many ▁years ▁of ▁development , ▁picked ▁up ▁and ▁dropped ▁by ▁ABC ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁and ▁later , ▁picked ▁up ▁and ▁dropped ▁by ▁Ver izon ▁in ▁ 2 |
0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Over view ▁The ▁Run ner ▁is ▁a ▁reality ▁television ▁competition , ▁which ▁consists ▁of ▁teams ▁of ▁five ▁(" Ch aser ▁Teams ") ▁attempting ▁to ▁catch ▁a ▁runner , ▁whose ▁goal ▁is ▁to ▁race ▁across ▁the ▁USA . ▁The ▁race ▁is ▁divided ▁into ▁daily ▁segments , ▁which ▁end ▁when ▁the ▁Run ner ▁gets ▁to ▁the ▁Sa fe ▁Zone ▁or ▁is ▁caught . ▁If ▁the ▁Run ner ▁is ▁caught , ▁the ▁Ch ase ▁Team ▁who ▁caught ▁the ▁Run ner ▁is ▁awarded ▁the ▁Run ner ' s ▁b ount y , ▁which ▁starts ▁at ▁$ 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁increases ▁by ▁$ 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁every ▁day . ▁If ▁the ▁Run ner ▁makes ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁end ▁without ▁getting ▁caught , ▁the ▁Run ner ▁is ▁awarded ▁$ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁The ▁view ers ▁are ▁also ▁el ig ible ▁to ▁win ▁money . ▁Every ▁day , ▁the ▁Ch ase ▁Teams ▁and ▁runner ▁give ▁out ▁a ▁c ash ▁prize ▁in ▁" Ch aser " ▁or ▁" Runner ▁C ash " ▁to ▁wh ome ver ▁they ▁de em ▁worthy ▁of ▁it . ▁ ▁" America ' s ▁C ash ▁Task " ▁are ▁cl ues ▁that ▁are ▁given ▁twice ▁daily ▁that ▁point ▁in ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁the ▁Run ner . ▁View ers ▁can ▁submit ▁the ▁answer ▁online , ▁and ▁ 1 0 ▁people ▁are ▁drawn ▁for ▁each ▁A CT ▁to ▁win ▁a ▁c ash ▁prize . ▁ ▁Compet ition ▁structure ▁There ▁are ▁ 3 |
▁episodes ▁a ired ▁live ▁every ▁day ▁for ▁a ▁month , ▁at ▁ 1 2 pm , ▁ 3 pm , ▁and ▁ 1 0 pm ▁ED T . ▁The ▁ 1 2 pm ▁episode ▁begins ▁with ▁co - host ▁K aj ▁Lars en ▁giving ▁the ▁Ch aser ▁Teams ▁a ▁task , ▁which ▁usually ▁provides ▁a ▁clue ▁which ▁needs ▁the ▁A CT ▁ 1 ▁answer ▁to ▁be ▁completed . ▁The ▁first ▁A CT ▁normally ▁gives ▁a ▁city ▁name ▁or ▁general ▁location , ▁which ▁the ▁Ch aser ▁Teams ▁then ▁begin ▁driving ▁to . ▁The ▁Run ner ▁is ▁simultaneously ▁provided ▁his ▁" D aily ▁Op ", ▁which ▁he ▁must ▁complete ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁escape ▁for ▁the ▁day . ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁A CT ▁clue ▁is ▁released ▁to ▁the ▁Ch aser ▁Teams ▁when ▁they ▁are ▁within ▁a ▁certain ▁radius ▁of ▁the ▁Run ner , ▁or ▁during ▁the ▁ 3 pm ▁episode , ▁wh iche ver ▁one ▁comes ▁first . ▁The ▁clue , ▁when ▁de ci pher ed , ▁contains ▁the ▁exact ▁location ▁of ▁the ▁Run ner ' s ▁Daily ▁Op . ▁ ▁The ▁Run ner ' s ▁Daily ▁Op ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁challenge , ▁which ▁when ▁completed ▁awards ▁a ▁Check point ▁Key . ▁Every ▁ 5 ▁days , ▁the ▁Run ner ▁must ▁perform ▁a ▁" D aily ▁Op ▁on ▁ster oid s ", ▁where ▁they ▁must ▁use ▁the ▁past ▁Check point ▁Ke ys ▁to ▁un lock ▁a ▁Finale ▁Key , ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁on ▁the ▁final ▁day . ▁After ▁every ▁Op , ▁the ▁Run ner ▁is ▁given |
▁instructions ▁to ▁an ▁escape ▁vehicle , ▁and ▁once ▁they ▁enter ▁a ▁certain ▁area , ▁they ▁are ▁de emed ▁safe ▁for ▁the ▁day . ▁ ▁Season ▁One ▁The ▁first ▁season ▁consisted ▁of ▁five ▁original ▁Ch ase ▁Teams , ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁addition ▁of ▁# Runner All st ars ▁mid way ▁through ▁the ▁season . ▁The ▁Ch ase ▁Teams ▁are : ▁ ▁# The Bro gram mers , ▁consisting ▁of ▁James ▁Stern ▁and ▁Alex ▁D add s . ▁ ▁# Bro ther N ature , ▁consisting ▁of ▁Tra vis ▁Smith ▁and ▁Ko a ▁Smith . ▁ ▁# S weet NS av age , ▁consisting ▁of ▁Ash ley ▁K else y ▁of ▁MTV ' s ▁The ▁Real ▁World : ▁San ▁Diego ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁and ▁The ▁Challenge : ▁Battle ▁of ▁the ▁Se asons , ▁and ▁He ather ▁R ae ▁Young . ▁ ▁# Fri end Zone , ▁consisting ▁of ▁Rafael ▁Mel o ▁and ▁Jen ▁Br ill . ▁ ▁# Bra vo S quare , ▁consisting ▁of ▁Br andon ▁Sau nd ers ▁and ▁Br ent ▁Sau nd ers , ▁brothers . ▁ ▁# Runner All st ars , ▁consisting ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁R unn ers , ▁B ri ▁Hill ▁and ▁Steve ▁Young , ▁introduced ▁mid - season ▁after ▁they ▁were ▁caught . ▁ ▁C ance led ▁second ▁season ▁Season ▁Two ▁was ▁confirmed ▁by ▁Mat Pat ▁on ▁July ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁final ▁episode ▁of ▁Season ▁One . ▁go 9 0 ▁was ▁expected ▁to |
▁continue ▁to ▁host ▁the ▁show . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁go 9 0 ▁shut ▁down ▁its ▁operations , ▁leaving ▁the ▁show ' s ▁future ▁in ▁doubt . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁American ▁game ▁shows <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch ion anth us ▁even ius ▁grows ▁as ▁a ▁tree ▁up ▁to ▁ ▁tall , ▁with ▁a ▁tr unk ▁diameter ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁. ▁The ▁b ark ▁is ▁grey . ▁The ▁flowers ▁are ▁p ink ish ▁white . ▁Hab itat ▁is ▁generally ▁low land ▁sw amp ▁forest ▁but ▁sometimes ▁found ▁on ▁higher ▁ground , ▁up ▁to ▁ ▁alt itude . ▁C . even ius ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Sum atra , ▁Pen ins ular ▁Malays ia ▁and ▁Bor neo . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁even ius ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁Sum atra ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁Pen ins ular ▁Malays ia ▁Category : T rees ▁of ▁Bor neo ▁Category : Pl ants ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁M esa ▁Natural ▁Gas ▁Sol utions ▁( M NG S ) ▁is ▁a ▁company ▁based ▁in ▁Cas per , ▁Wy oming . ▁M esa ▁special izes ▁in ▁natural ▁gas ▁or ▁liquid ▁prop ane ▁power ed ▁mobile ▁gener ators . ▁Most ▁M esa ▁Gener ators ▁are ▁currently ▁used ▁in ▁oil ▁and ▁gas ▁applications . ▁ ▁Current ▁operations ▁ ▁M esa ▁Natural ▁Gas ▁Sol utions ' ▁natural ▁gas |
▁gener ators ▁currently ▁power ▁oil ▁and ▁gas ▁plays ▁in ▁North ▁America , ▁and ▁some ▁international ▁bas ins . ▁Evans ville , ▁Wy oming , ▁Che y enne , ▁Wy oming , ▁Kill de er , ▁North ▁Dak ota , ▁Al va , ▁Oklahoma , ▁Car ls bad , ▁New ▁Mexico , ▁Mid land , ▁Texas , ▁P ec os , ▁Texas ▁ ▁V eter an , ▁Reserve ▁& ▁National ▁Guard ▁Work force ▁ ▁The ▁company ' s ▁Current ▁CE O , ▁Scott ▁G rom er , ▁spent ▁ 2 3 ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁Army ▁and ▁retired ▁as ▁a ▁Major ▁from ▁the ▁Wy oming ▁Army ▁National ▁Guard . ▁Additionally , ▁over ▁ 6 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁company ’ s ▁found ers ▁and ▁leadership ▁are ▁veter ans ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁military ▁and ▁continue ▁to ▁serve ▁in ▁the ▁Res erves ▁and ▁National ▁Guard . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁http :// t rib . com / final - th ought s - gr ants - se ats - v eter ans / article _ 9 9 f 1 f 2 b 2 - 2 1 f 8 - 5 6 c 6 - bc 5 b - 1 7 1 e 5 c 6 7 9 4 c 6 . html ▁http :// t rib . com / bus iness / energy / cas per - company - s - gas - power ed - eng ines - could - reduce - fl aring / article _ 7 d bf c 9 cc - 7 9 |
ef - 5 1 0 9 - b 7 0 6 - bc 7 3 fd 3 7 db 0 d . html ▁https :// www . ep a . gov / sites / production / files / document s / fl aring vi ol ations . pdf | publish er = E PA | access date = 5 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁http :// t rib . com / bus iness / energy / ear r ings - t roph ies - and - pack aged - me als - how - cas per - o il men - are - sur v iving / article _ 0 4 f 5 4 2 5 3 - 1 7 ee - 5 d 0 3 - 9 ca 5 - e 9 7 3 3 d 3 c 5 e 1 c . html ▁http :// t rib . com / bus iness / energy / ce o - will - share - story - of - local - natural - gas - generator - company / article _ a 0 a 1 2 4 f 2 - 1 0 b 0 - 5 cc 0 - a 5 da - cf 3 e 4 0 b de 4 f 0 . html # comments ▁https :// www . 2 4 7 mes a . com / about ▁https :// web . archive . org / web / 2 0 1 6 0 4 0 8 1 6 5 0 4 |
2 / http :// wy oming bus iness report . com / mes a - natural - gas - is - final ist - for - d od - a ward / ▁http :// www . def ense . gov / News - Art icle - View / Art icle / 6 9 7 4 2 5 / o fficial s - ann ounce - 3 0 - final ists - for - 2 0 1 6 - emp loy er - support - a wards ▁ ▁Category : Comp an ies ▁based ▁in ▁Wy oming ▁Category : American ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Wy oming <0x0A> </s> ▁Wonder ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁is ▁the ▁debut ▁solo ▁album ▁by ▁American ▁Broadway ▁artist ▁K elli ▁O ' H ara , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁released ▁by ▁Ghost light ▁Records ▁on ▁May ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁The ▁music ▁is ▁arranged ▁and ▁orch estr ated ▁by ▁Harry ▁Con nick , ▁Jr . ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁was ▁originally ▁recorded ▁for ▁Sony ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁days ▁after ▁the ▁closing ▁date ▁for ▁the ▁musical ▁The ▁P aj ama ▁Game ▁on ▁Broadway , ▁where ▁O ' H ara ▁and ▁Con nick ▁had ▁the ▁leads . ▁Harry ▁Con nick , ▁Jr ▁plays ▁piano ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁of ▁the ▁album ' s ▁ 1 4 ▁tracks . ▁ ▁The ▁album ' s ▁first ▁track ▁is ▁written ▁by ▁O ' |
H ara ' s ▁husband ▁Greg ▁N aught on . ▁Harry ▁Con nick , ▁Jr . ▁has ▁written ▁three ▁of ▁the ▁tracks , ▁and ▁s ings ▁a ▁du et ▁with ▁O ' H ara ▁on ▁the ▁title ▁track ▁" W onder ▁in ▁the ▁World ". ▁ ▁The ▁song ▁" F able ", ▁is ▁the ▁closing ▁number ▁from ▁Adam ▁Gu ett el ' s ▁Light ▁in ▁the ▁Pia zza . ▁ ▁Wonder ▁In ▁the ▁World ▁appeared ▁on ▁Billboard ' s ▁Jazz ▁chart ▁shortly ▁after ▁its ▁release ▁in ▁May , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁and ▁pe aked ▁at ▁the ▁number ▁ 1 2 ▁position . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁K elli OH ara . com — o fficial ▁site ▁Ghost light ▁Records ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁debut ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁Bio ener get ics ▁is ▁a ▁field ▁in ▁bio chem istry ▁and ▁cell ▁bi ology ▁that ▁concerns ▁energy ▁flow ▁through ▁living ▁systems . ▁This ▁is ▁an ▁active ▁area ▁of ▁bi ological ▁research ▁that ▁includes ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁transformation ▁of ▁energy ▁in ▁living ▁organ isms ▁and ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁thousands ▁of ▁different ▁cell ular ▁processes ▁such ▁as ▁cell ular ▁resp iration ▁and ▁the ▁many ▁other ▁met abol ic ▁and ▁en zym atic ▁processes ▁that ▁lead ▁to ▁production ▁and ▁util ization ▁of ▁energy ▁in ▁forms ▁such ▁as ▁ad en os ine ▁tri ph osph ate ▁( AT P ) ▁mole cules . ▁That ▁is , ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁bio ener get ics ▁is ▁to ▁describe ▁how |
▁living ▁organ isms ▁ac quire ▁and ▁transform ▁energy ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁perform ▁bi ological ▁work . ▁The ▁study ▁of ▁met abol ic ▁path ways ▁is ▁thus ▁essential ▁to ▁bio ener get ics . ▁ ▁Over view ▁ ▁Bio ener get ics ▁is ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁bio chem istry ▁concerned ▁with ▁the ▁energy ▁involved ▁in ▁making ▁and ▁breaking ▁of ▁chemical ▁b onds ▁in ▁the ▁mole cules ▁found ▁in ▁bi ological ▁organ isms . ▁It ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁defined ▁as ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁energy ▁relationships ▁and ▁energy ▁transformations ▁and ▁trans du ctions ▁in ▁living ▁organ isms . ▁The ▁ability ▁to ▁har ness ▁energy ▁from ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁met abol ic ▁path ways ▁is ▁a ▁property ▁of ▁all ▁living ▁organ isms ▁that ▁contains ▁earth ▁science . ▁G row th , ▁development , ▁an abol ism ▁and ▁cat abol ism ▁are ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁processes ▁in ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁bi ological ▁organ isms , ▁because ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁energy ▁is ▁fundamental ▁to ▁such ▁bi ological ▁processes . ▁Life ▁is ▁dependent ▁on ▁energy ▁transformations ; ▁living ▁organ isms ▁surv ive ▁because ▁of ▁exchange ▁of ▁energy ▁between ▁living ▁t issues / ▁cells ▁and ▁the ▁outside ▁environment . ▁Some ▁organ isms , ▁such ▁as ▁aut ot roph s , ▁can ▁ac quire ▁energy ▁from ▁sun light ▁( through ▁photos yn thesis ) ▁without ▁need ing ▁to ▁consume ▁nut ri ents ▁and ▁break ▁them ▁down . ▁Other ▁organ isms , ▁like ▁heter ot roph s , ▁must ▁int ake ▁nut ri ents ▁from ▁food ▁to ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁sust ain |
▁energy ▁by ▁breaking ▁down ▁chemical ▁b onds ▁in ▁nut ri ents ▁during ▁met abol ic ▁processes ▁such ▁as ▁g ly col ysis ▁and ▁the ▁cit ric ▁acid ▁cycle . ▁Import antly , ▁as ▁a ▁direct ▁consequence ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Law ▁of ▁Th erm od ynam ics , ▁aut ot roph s ▁and ▁heter ot roph s ▁particip ate ▁in ▁a ▁universal ▁met abol ic ▁network — by ▁e ating ▁aut ot roph s ▁( pl ants ), ▁heter ot roph s ▁har ness ▁energy ▁that ▁was ▁initially ▁transformed ▁by ▁the ▁plants ▁during ▁photos yn thesis . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁living ▁organ ism , ▁chemical ▁b onds ▁are ▁broken ▁and ▁made ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁exchange ▁and ▁transformation ▁of ▁energy . ▁Energy ▁is ▁available ▁for ▁work ▁( such ▁as ▁mechanical ▁work ) ▁or ▁for ▁other ▁processes ▁( such ▁as ▁chemical ▁synth esis ▁and ▁an abol ic ▁processes ▁in ▁growth ), ▁when ▁weak ▁b onds ▁are ▁broken ▁and ▁stronger ▁b onds ▁are ▁made . ▁The ▁production ▁of ▁stronger ▁b onds ▁allows ▁release ▁of ▁us able ▁energy . ▁ ▁A den os ine ▁tri ph osph ate ▁( AT P ) ▁is ▁the ▁main ▁" energy ▁currency " ▁for ▁organ isms ; ▁the ▁goal ▁of ▁met abol ic ▁and ▁cat abol ic ▁processes ▁are ▁to ▁synth es ize ▁ATP ▁from ▁available ▁starting ▁materials ▁( from ▁the ▁environment ), ▁and ▁to ▁break - ▁down ▁ATP ▁( into ▁ad en os ine ▁di ph osph ate ▁( AD P ) ▁and ▁in organ ic ▁ph osph ate ) |
▁by ▁util izing ▁it ▁in ▁bi ological ▁processes . ▁In ▁a ▁cell , ▁the ▁ratio ▁of ▁ATP ▁to ▁AD P ▁concentr ations ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁" energy ▁charge " ▁of ▁the ▁cell . ▁ ▁A ▁cell ▁can ▁use ▁this ▁energy ▁charge ▁to ▁relay ▁information ▁about ▁cell ular ▁needs ; ▁if ▁there ▁is ▁more ▁ATP ▁than ▁AD P ▁available , ▁the ▁cell ▁can ▁use ▁ATP ▁to ▁do ▁work , ▁but ▁if ▁there ▁is ▁more ▁AD P ▁than ▁ATP ▁available , ▁the ▁cell ▁must ▁synth es ize ▁ATP ▁via ▁ox id ative ▁ph osph ory lation . ▁ ▁Living ▁organ isms ▁produce ▁ATP ▁from ▁energy ▁sources , ▁mostly ▁sun light ▁or ▁O 2 , ▁mainly ▁via ▁ox id ative ▁ph osph ory lation . ▁ ▁The ▁terminal ▁ph osph ate ▁b onds ▁of ▁ATP ▁are ▁relatively ▁weak ▁compared ▁with ▁the ▁stronger ▁b onds ▁formed ▁when ▁ATP ▁is ▁hydro ly zed ▁( bro ken ▁down ▁by ▁water ) ▁to ▁ad en os ine ▁di ph osph ate ▁and ▁in organ ic ▁ph osph ate . ▁Here ▁it ▁is ▁the ▁therm od ynam ically ▁favor able ▁free ▁energy ▁of ▁hydro ly s is ▁that ▁results ▁in ▁energy ▁release ; ▁the ▁ph osph o anh yd ride ▁bond ▁between ▁the ▁terminal ▁ph osph ate ▁group ▁and ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁ATP ▁mole c ule ▁does ▁not ▁itself ▁contain ▁this ▁energy . ▁An ▁organ ism ' s ▁stock p ile ▁of ▁ATP ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁battery ▁to ▁store ▁energy ▁in ▁cells . ▁ ▁Util ization ▁of ▁chemical |
▁energy ▁from ▁such ▁mole cular ▁bond ▁re arr ang ement ▁powers ▁bi ological ▁processes ▁in ▁every ▁bi ological ▁organ ism . ▁ ▁Living ▁organ isms ▁obtain ▁energy ▁from ▁organ ic ▁and ▁in organ ic ▁materials ; ▁i . e . ▁ATP ▁can ▁be ▁synth es ized ▁from ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁bio chem ical ▁prec urs ors . ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁l ith ot roph s ▁can ▁ox id ize ▁min er als ▁such ▁as ▁nit rit es ▁or ▁forms ▁of ▁sul fur , ▁such ▁as ▁element al ▁sul fur , ▁sul f ites , ▁and ▁hydro gen ▁sul f ide ▁to ▁produce ▁ATP . ▁ ▁In ▁photos yn thesis , ▁aut ot roph s ▁produce ▁ATP ▁using ▁light ▁energy , ▁whereas ▁heter ot roph s ▁must ▁consume ▁organ ic ▁comp ounds , ▁mostly ▁including ▁car bo h yd r ates , ▁f ats , ▁and ▁prote ins . ▁ ▁The ▁amount ▁of ▁energy ▁actually ▁obtained ▁by ▁the ▁organ ism ▁is ▁lower ▁than ▁the ▁amount ▁released ▁in ▁comb ust ion ▁of ▁the ▁food ; ▁there ▁are ▁losses ▁in ▁dig estion , ▁met abol ism , ▁and ▁therm ogen esis . ▁ ▁Environment al ▁materials ▁that ▁an ▁organ ism ▁int akes ▁are ▁generally ▁combined ▁with ▁o xygen ▁to ▁release ▁energy , ▁although ▁some ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁ox id ized ▁an a er ob ically ▁by ▁various ▁organ isms . ▁ ▁The ▁b onds ▁holding ▁the ▁mole cules ▁of ▁nut ri ents ▁together ▁and ▁in ▁particular ▁the ▁b onds ▁holding ▁mole cules ▁of ▁free ▁o |
xygen ▁together ▁are ▁relatively ▁weak ▁compared ▁with ▁the ▁chemical ▁b onds ▁holding ▁carbon ▁dio x ide ▁and ▁water ▁together . ▁ ▁The ▁util ization ▁of ▁these ▁materials ▁is ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁slow ▁comb ust ion ▁because ▁the ▁nut ri ents ▁are ▁react ed ▁with ▁o xygen ▁( the ▁materials ▁are ▁ox id ized ▁slowly ▁enough ▁that ▁the ▁organ isms ▁do ▁not ▁actually ▁produce ▁fire ). ▁The ▁ox id ation ▁releases ▁energy ▁because ▁stronger ▁b onds ▁( b onds ▁within ▁water ▁and ▁carbon ▁dio x ide ) ▁have ▁been ▁formed . ▁ ▁This ▁net ▁energy ▁may ▁evol ve ▁as ▁heat , ▁which ▁may ▁be ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁organ ism ▁for ▁other ▁purposes , ▁such ▁as ▁breaking ▁other ▁b onds ▁to ▁do ▁chem istry ▁required ▁for ▁surv ival . ▁ ▁Types ▁of ▁re actions ▁▁ ▁An ▁ex erg onic ▁reaction ▁is ▁a ▁sp ont aneous ▁chemical ▁reaction ▁that ▁releases ▁energy . ▁It ▁is ▁therm od ynam ically ▁fav ored , ▁indexed ▁by ▁a ▁negative ▁value ▁of ▁ Δ G ▁( G ib bs ▁free ▁energy ). ▁Over ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁a ▁reaction , ▁energy ▁needs ▁to ▁be ▁put ▁in , ▁and ▁this ▁activation ▁energy ▁drives ▁the ▁react ants ▁from ▁a ▁stable ▁state ▁to ▁a ▁highly ▁ener get ically ▁un stable ▁transition ▁state ▁to ▁a ▁more ▁stable ▁state ▁that ▁is ▁lower ▁in ▁energy ▁( see : ▁reaction ▁coordinate ). ▁The ▁react ants ▁are ▁usually ▁complex ▁mole cules ▁that ▁are ▁broken ▁into ▁simpler ▁products . ▁The ▁entire ▁reaction ▁is ▁usually ▁cat abol ic . ▁The ▁release ▁of |
▁energy ▁( specific ally ▁of ▁Gib bs ▁free ▁energy ) ▁is ▁negative ▁( i . e . ▁ Δ G ▁< ▁ 0 ) ▁because ▁the ▁energy ▁of ▁the ▁react ants ▁is ▁higher ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁products . ▁ ▁An ▁end erg onic ▁reaction ▁is ▁an ▁an abol ic ▁chemical ▁reaction ▁that ▁cons umes ▁energy . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁opposite ▁of ▁an ▁ex erg onic ▁reaction . ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁positive ▁ Δ G , ▁for ▁instance ▁because ▁ Δ H ▁> ▁ 0 , ▁which ▁means ▁that ▁it ▁takes ▁more ▁energy ▁to ▁break ▁the ▁b onds ▁of ▁the ▁react ant ▁than ▁the ▁energy ▁of ▁the ▁products ▁offer , ▁i . e . ▁the ▁products ▁have ▁we aker ▁b onds ▁than ▁the ▁react ants . ▁Thus , ▁end erg onic ▁re actions ▁are ▁therm od ynam ically ▁unf avor able ▁and ▁will ▁not ▁occur ▁on ▁their ▁own ▁at ▁constant ▁temperature . ▁Additionally , ▁end erg onic ▁re actions ▁are ▁usually ▁an abol ic . ▁ ▁The ▁free ▁energy ▁gained ▁or ▁lost ▁( Δ G ) ▁in ▁a ▁reaction ▁can ▁be ▁calculated ▁as ▁follows : ▁ Δ G ▁= ▁ Δ H ▁− ▁T Δ S ▁where ▁ ∆ G ▁= ▁Gib bs ▁free ▁energy ▁change , ▁ ∆ H ▁= ▁ent hal py ▁change , ▁T ▁= ▁temperature ▁( in ▁k el v ins ), ▁and ▁ ∆ S ▁= ▁entropy ▁change . ▁ ▁Ex amples ▁of ▁major ▁bio ener get ic ▁processes ▁ ▁G ly col ysis ▁is ▁the ▁process ▁of |
▁breaking ▁down ▁gl uc ose ▁into ▁py ru v ate , ▁producing ▁two ▁mole cules ▁of ▁ATP ▁( per ▁ 1 ▁mole c ule ▁of ▁gl uc ose ) ▁in ▁the ▁process . ▁When ▁a ▁cell ▁has ▁a ▁higher ▁concentration ▁of ▁ATP ▁than ▁AD P ▁( i . e . ▁has ▁a ▁high ▁energy ▁charge ), ▁the ▁cell ▁cannot ▁under go ▁g ly col ysis , ▁re le asing ▁energy ▁from ▁available ▁gl uc ose ▁to ▁perform ▁bi ological ▁work . ▁Py ru v ate ▁is ▁one ▁product ▁of ▁g ly col ysis , ▁and ▁can ▁be ▁sh utt led ▁into ▁other ▁met abol ic ▁path ways ▁( gl u con e ogen esis , ▁etc .) ▁as ▁needed ▁by ▁the ▁cell . ▁Additionally , ▁g ly col ysis ▁produces ▁reducing ▁equival ents ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁N AD H ▁( nic ot in am ide ▁ad en ine ▁din uc le ot ide ), ▁which ▁will ▁ultimately ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁don ate ▁electrons ▁to ▁the ▁electron ▁transport ▁chain . ▁ ▁G lu con e ogen esis ▁is ▁the ▁opposite ▁of ▁g ly col ysis ; ▁when ▁the ▁cell ' s ▁energy ▁charge ▁is ▁low ▁( the ▁concentration ▁of ▁AD P ▁is ▁higher ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁ATP ), ▁the ▁cell ▁must ▁synth es ize ▁gl uc ose ▁from ▁carbon - ▁containing ▁bi om ole cules ▁such ▁as ▁prote ins , ▁am ino ▁ac ids , ▁f ats , ▁py ru v ate , ▁etc . ▁For ▁example , ▁prote ins ▁can ▁be ▁broken |
▁down ▁into ▁am ino ▁ac ids , ▁and ▁these ▁simpler ▁carbon ▁ske let ons ▁are ▁used ▁to ▁build / ▁synth es ize ▁gl uc ose . ▁▁ ▁The ▁cit ric ▁acid ▁cycle ▁is ▁a ▁process ▁of ▁cell ular ▁resp iration ▁in ▁which ▁ac et yl ▁co enz yme ▁A , ▁synth es ized ▁from ▁py ru v ate ▁de h ydro gen ase , ▁is ▁first ▁react ed ▁with ▁ox alo ac et ate ▁to ▁yield ▁cit rate . ▁The ▁remaining ▁eight ▁re actions ▁produce ▁other ▁carbon - cont aining ▁met abol ites . ▁These ▁met abol ites ▁are ▁success ively ▁ox id ized , ▁and ▁the ▁free ▁energy ▁of ▁ox id ation ▁is ▁conser ved ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁the ▁reduced ▁co enz ym es ▁F AD H 2 ▁and ▁N AD H . ▁These ▁reduced ▁electron ▁carri ers ▁can ▁then ▁be ▁re - ox id ized ▁when ▁they ▁transfer ▁electrons ▁to ▁the ▁electron ▁transport ▁chain . ▁▁ ▁K et osis ▁is ▁a ▁met abol ic ▁process ▁where by ▁k et one ▁bodies ▁are ▁used ▁by ▁the ▁cell ▁for ▁energy ▁( inst ead ▁of ▁using ▁gl uc ose ). ▁C ells ▁often ▁turn ▁to ▁k et osis ▁as ▁a ▁source ▁of ▁energy ▁when ▁gl uc ose ▁levels ▁are ▁low ; ▁e . g . ▁during ▁star v ation . ▁ ▁Ox id ative ▁ph osph ory lation ▁is ▁the ▁process ▁where ▁the ▁energy ▁stored ▁in ▁the ▁relatively ▁weak ▁double ▁b onds ▁of ▁O 2 ▁ ▁is ▁released ▁in ▁a ▁controlled ▁manner ▁in |
▁the ▁electron ▁transport ▁chain . ▁Red uc ing ▁equival ents ▁such ▁as ▁N AD PH , ▁F AD H 2 ▁and ▁N AD H ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁don ate ▁electrons ▁to ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁re do x ▁re actions ▁that ▁take ▁place ▁in ▁electron ▁transport ▁chain ▁complex es . ▁These ▁re do x ▁re actions ▁take ▁place ▁in ▁en zym e ▁complex es ▁situated ▁within ▁the ▁mit och ond rial ▁memb rane . ▁These ▁re do x ▁re actions ▁transfer ▁electrons ▁" down " ▁the ▁electron ▁transport ▁chain , ▁which ▁is ▁couple d ▁to ▁the ▁pro ton ▁mot ive ▁force . ▁This ▁difference ▁in ▁pro ton ▁concentration ▁between ▁the ▁mit och ond rial ▁matrix ▁and ▁inner ▁memb rane ▁space ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁drive ▁ATP ▁synth esis ▁via ▁ATP ▁synth ase . ▁ ▁Ph otos yn thesis , ▁another ▁major ▁bio ener get ic ▁process , ▁is ▁the ▁met abol ic ▁path way ▁used ▁by ▁plants ▁in ▁which ▁solar ▁energy ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁synth es ize ▁gl uc ose ▁from ▁carbon ▁dio x ide ▁and ▁water . ▁This ▁reaction ▁takes ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁ch lor op last . ▁After ▁gl uc ose ▁is ▁synth es ized , ▁the ▁plant ▁cell ▁can ▁under go ▁phot oph osph ory lation ▁to ▁produce ▁ATP . ▁ ▁C otr ans port ▁In ▁August ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁Robert ▁K . ▁C rane ▁presented ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁his ▁discovery ▁of ▁the ▁sod ium - gl uc ose ▁cot r ans port ▁as ▁the ▁mechanism ▁for |
▁int est inal ▁gl uc ose ▁absor ption . ▁C rane ' s ▁discovery ▁of ▁cot r ans port ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁ever ▁proposal ▁of ▁flux ▁coupling ▁in ▁bi ology ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁event ▁concerning ▁car bo h yd rate ▁absor ption ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century . ▁ ▁Chem ios m otic ▁theory ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁major ▁triumph s ▁of ▁bio ener get ics ▁is ▁Peter ▁D . ▁Mitchell ' s ▁chem ios m otic ▁theory ▁of ▁how ▁pro tons ▁in ▁a que ous ▁solution ▁function ▁in ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁ATP ▁in ▁cell ▁organ elles ▁such ▁as ▁mit och ond ria . ▁This ▁work ▁earned ▁Mitchell ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁Nobel ▁Prize ▁for ▁Chem istry . ▁Other ▁cell ular ▁sources ▁of ▁ATP ▁such ▁as ▁g ly col ysis ▁were ▁understood ▁first , ▁but ▁such ▁processes ▁for ▁direct ▁coupling ▁of ▁en zym e ▁activity ▁to ▁ATP ▁production ▁are ▁not ▁the ▁major ▁source ▁of ▁useful ▁chemical ▁energy ▁in ▁most ▁cells . ▁Chem ios m otic ▁coupling ▁is ▁the ▁major ▁energy ▁producing ▁process ▁in ▁most ▁cells , ▁being ▁util ized ▁in ▁ch lor op last s ▁and ▁several ▁single ▁cel led ▁organ isms ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁mit och ond ria . ▁ ▁Energy ▁balance ▁ ▁Energy ▁home ost asis ▁is ▁the ▁home ost atic ▁control ▁of ▁energy ▁balance – ▁the ▁difference ▁between ▁energy ▁obtained ▁through ▁food ▁consumption ▁and ▁energy ▁exp end iture – ▁in ▁living ▁systems . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Cell ular ▁resp iration ▁Ph otos |
yn thesis ▁ATP ▁synth ase ▁Active ▁transport ▁My os in ▁Ex erc ise ▁phys i ology ▁ ▁Table ▁of ▁standard ▁Gib bs ▁free ▁energ ies ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁The ▁M ole cular ▁& ▁Cell ular ▁Bio ener get ics ▁Gordon ▁Research ▁Conference ▁( see ). ▁ ▁American ▁Society ▁of ▁Ex erc ise ▁Phys i olog ists ▁ ▁Category : B io chem istry ▁Category : Bi oph ys ics ▁Category : Cell ▁bi ology ▁Category : E ner gy ▁( physics ) ▁ ▁pl : B io ener get y ka <0x0A> </s> ▁H ich em ▁Ben ▁Am ira ▁( born ▁ 2 0 ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Tun is ian ▁vol ley ball ▁player . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁tournament ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : T un is ian ▁men ' s ▁vol ley ball ▁players ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁vol ley ball ▁players ▁of ▁Tun is ia ▁Category : Vol ley ball ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁West gate ▁is ▁a ▁resident ial ▁neighbourhood ▁in ▁the ▁south west ▁quadr ant ▁of ▁Cal g ary , ▁Al berta . ▁It ▁is ▁bounded ▁by ▁Bow ▁Tra il ▁to ▁the ▁north , ▁ 4 5 ▁Street ▁W ▁to |
▁the ▁east , ▁ 1 7 ▁Avenue ▁S ▁to ▁the ▁south ▁and ▁Sar ce e ▁Tra il ▁to ▁the ▁west . ▁Ed worth y ▁Park ▁is ▁located ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁community . ▁ ▁The ▁area ▁was ▁an nex ed ▁to ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Cal g ary ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁and ▁West gate ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 . ▁It ▁is ▁represented ▁in ▁the ▁Cal g ary ▁City ▁Council ▁by ▁the ▁Ward ▁ 6 ▁coun c ill or . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁In ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Cal g ary ' s ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁municipal ▁census , ▁West gate ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ ▁living ▁in ▁ ▁dwell ings , ▁a ▁ 2 . 3 % ▁increase ▁from ▁its ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁population ▁of ▁. ▁With ▁a ▁land ▁area ▁of ▁, ▁it ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁density ▁of ▁ ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Res idents ▁in ▁this ▁community ▁had ▁a ▁median ▁household ▁income ▁of ▁$ 5 4 , 3 0 9 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 0 . 4 % ▁low ▁income ▁residents ▁living ▁in ▁the ▁neighbourhood . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁ 1 4 . 2 % ▁of ▁the ▁residents ▁were ▁imm igr ants . ▁A ▁proportion ▁of ▁ 1 4 . 6 % ▁of ▁the ▁buildings ▁were ▁cond omin iums ▁or ▁apart ments , ▁and ▁ 2 4 . 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁housing ▁was ▁used ▁for |
▁rent ing . ▁ ▁Education ▁The ▁community ▁is ▁served ▁by ▁Vincent ▁M asse y ▁junior ▁high ▁ ▁and ▁West gate ▁B iling ual ▁elementary ▁public ▁schools . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁neighbourhood s ▁in ▁Cal g ary ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁West gate ▁Community ▁Association ▁Federation ▁of ▁Cal g ary ▁Commun ities : ▁West gate ▁ ▁Category : Ne igh bour hood s ▁in ▁Cal g ary <0x0A> </s> ▁Pierre ▁Henri ▁D orie ▁( 1 8 3 9 – 1 8 6 6 ) ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁mission ary ▁of ▁the ▁Paris ▁Foreign ▁Miss ions ▁Society , ▁who ▁was ▁mart y red ▁in ▁Korea ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 6 . ▁His ▁fe ast ▁day ▁is ▁March ▁ 7 , ▁and ▁he ▁is ▁also ▁v ener ated ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 0 3 ▁Korean ▁mart y rs ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 0 . ▁ ▁Biography ▁Henri ▁D orie ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁September ▁ 1 8 3 9 ▁in ▁Saint - H ila ire - de - T al mont ▁. ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁arrest ▁and ▁execution ▁of ▁Bishop ▁Sim éon - Fran çois ▁Ber ne ux ▁on ▁ 7 ▁March ▁ 1 8 6 6 , ▁all ▁but ▁three ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁mission aries ▁in ▁Korea ▁were ▁also ▁captured ▁and ▁executed : ▁among ▁them ▁were ▁Bishop ▁Antoine ▁Dav el uy , ▁Father ▁Just ▁de ▁Bre ten ières , ▁Father ▁Louis ▁Be a ul ieu , ▁Father ▁D orie , ▁Father ▁Pierre ▁A uma ître |
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