text
stringlengths 505
4.3k
|
|---|
1 . ▁ ▁The ▁satellite ▁was ▁launched ▁in ▁April ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁and ▁remained ▁oper ational ▁until ▁late ▁July ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁ ▁Inst ru ments ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁instruments / system s ▁that ▁were ▁on ▁board ▁or ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁G E OS - 3 ▁satellite , ▁including ▁a ▁description ▁of ▁their ▁general ▁purpose : ▁ ▁Rad ar ▁Al tim eter ▁( AL T ) ▁– ▁A ▁mult im ode ▁rad ar ▁system ▁with ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁provide ▁precise ▁satellite - to - o cean ▁surface ▁height ▁measurements . ▁ ▁The ▁rad ar ▁system ▁provided ▁global ▁and ▁int ensive ▁data ▁gather ing ▁modes , ▁which ▁could ▁provide ▁height ▁precision ▁measurements ▁at ▁ 5 0 cm ▁and ▁ 2 0 cm ▁respectively . ▁ ▁Ret r ore f lect or ▁Array ▁( R RA ) ▁– ▁An ▁array ▁of ▁retr ore f lect ors . ▁These ▁allow ▁a ▁ground - based ▁las er ▁to ▁provide ▁range ▁information . ▁ ▁Do pp ler ▁System ▁– ▁A ▁system ▁of ▁dual ▁frequency ▁space ▁bor ne ▁do pp ler ▁be a cons ▁at ▁ 1 6 2 ▁and ▁ 3 2 4 M Hz ▁and ▁a ▁ground - based ▁receiver ▁station . ▁ ▁This ▁system ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁measure ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁first - order ▁ion os pher ic ▁ref raction ▁and ▁make ▁corre ctions ▁to ▁the ▁Do pp ler ▁frequency . ▁ ▁S - band ▁Track ing ▁System ▁– ▁A ▁tracking |
▁system ▁which ▁had ▁three ▁modes ▁of ▁operations ▁for ▁satellite ▁to ▁satellite ▁tracking , ▁ground - station ▁tracking , ▁and ▁direct ▁un ified ▁S - band . ▁ ▁C - band ▁System ▁– ▁A ▁system ▁of ▁two ▁C - band ▁rad ar ▁trans pond ers ▁used ▁to ▁ ▁better ▁understand ▁the ▁acc ura cies ▁of ▁the ▁grav imet ric ▁and ▁geometric ▁measurements . ▁The ▁system ▁also ▁supported ▁the ▁alt imeter ▁and ▁C - band ▁cal ibration . ▁ ▁Sat ellite - to - S at ellite ▁Track ing ▁( S ST ) ▁– ▁The ▁S ST ▁experiment ▁consisted ▁of , ▁the ▁ground - based ▁A TS ▁r anging ▁system , ▁the ▁wide band ▁communication ▁trans ponder ▁on ▁the ▁A TS - 6 ▁ge os ynchronous ▁space craft , ▁and ▁the ▁r anging ▁trans ponder ▁on ▁the ▁LE O ▁satellite . ▁ ▁Imp act s ▁on ▁the ▁scientific ▁community ▁ ▁The ▁G E OS - 3 ▁mission ▁provided ▁data ▁that ▁further ed ▁scientific ▁understanding ▁in ▁various ▁fields . ▁ ▁The ▁ocean ▁height ▁data ▁set ▁from ▁this ▁mission ▁provided ▁the ▁first ▁compreh ensive ▁coverage ▁in ▁most ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁o ce ans , ▁providing ▁a ▁better ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁Ocean ▁Ge oid . ▁ ▁Ocean ▁height ▁also ▁provided ▁information ▁about ▁quasi - station ary ▁depart ures ▁from ▁the ▁ge oid , ▁for ▁events ▁like ▁curr ents , ▁ed d ies , ▁storm ▁sur ges , ▁etc . ▁ ▁The ▁return ▁wave form ▁data ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁better ▁understand ▁the ▁sea ▁state ▁at ▁a |
▁level ▁that ▁was ▁compar able ▁to ▁bu oy - collect ed ▁data . ▁ ▁An ▁unexpected ▁result ▁was ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁use ▁wave form ▁data ▁to ▁derive ▁surface ▁wind ▁speed , ▁and ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁maintain ▁track ▁over ▁terrain ▁and ▁ice ▁Al tim eter ▁data ▁from ▁G E OS - 3 ▁has ▁been ▁util ized ▁by ▁many ▁gravity ▁models , ▁including ▁G EM - T 3 , ▁J GM - 1 ▁and ▁J GM - 2 ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : O cean ography ▁Category : Space craft ▁launched ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁Category : Ge od etic ▁sat ell ites ▁Category : Art ific ial ▁sat ell ites ▁orbit ing ▁Earth <0x0A> </s> ▁She ph erd s ' ▁Cr us ade ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁She ph erd s ' ▁Cr us ade ▁( 1 2 5 1 ) ▁Cr us ade ▁of ▁the ▁Po or ▁( 1 3 0 9 ), ▁also ▁called ▁the ▁She ph erd s ' ▁Cr us ade ▁She ph erd s ' ▁Cr us ade ▁( 1 3 2 0 ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Techn ological ▁University , ▁Pak ok ku ▁is ▁situated ▁beside ▁the ▁Pak ok ku – Yes agy o ▁ro od . ▁It ▁is ▁about ▁miles ▁and ▁ 4 ▁f url ongs ▁far ▁from ▁Pak ok ku . ▁Ky au k ▁H la e ▁K har ▁village ▁is ▁situated ▁to ▁the ▁north , ▁P antine ch one ▁village ▁at ▁the ▁south ▁and ▁Oak kan ▁village ▁at ▁the ▁west . ▁Techn ological ▁University |
▁covers ▁ 1 0 0 . 3 2 ▁acres . ▁The ▁university ▁was ▁opened ▁as ▁G . T . I . ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁It ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁G TC ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁It ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Techn ological ▁University ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Depart ments ▁▁ ▁C il vil ▁Engineering ▁Department ▁ ▁Electron ic ▁and ▁Communic ation ▁Department ▁ ▁Elect rical ▁Power ▁Engineering ▁Department ▁ ▁Mechan ical ▁Engineering ▁Department ▁ ▁Academ ic ▁Department ▁ ▁Program ▁ ▁The ▁university ▁offers ▁Bach elor ▁of ▁Engineering ▁and ▁Bach elor ▁of ▁Technology ▁degrees ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Techn ological ▁University , ▁Mag way ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Techn ological ▁Univers ities ▁in ▁My an mar ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Te chn ological ▁univers ities ▁in ▁My an mar <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁V ip ers ▁were ▁an ▁Irish ▁new ▁wave ▁group ▁of ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s . ▁A ▁live ▁act ▁front ed ▁by ▁Paul ▁Bo yle ▁and ▁virt u oso ▁guitar ist ▁George ▁S ween ey , ▁they ▁tou red ▁with ▁The ▁Cl ash ▁and ▁The ▁Jam . ▁ ▁Their ▁debut ▁single ▁" I ' ve ▁Got ▁You " /" No ▁Such ▁Th ing " ▁( M ull igan ▁L U NS ▁ 7 1 8 ) ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁This ▁was ▁heard ▁by ▁the ▁BBC ' s ▁John |
▁Pe el ▁who ▁invited ▁the ▁band ▁across ▁the ▁Irish ▁Sea ▁to ▁do ▁a ▁session ▁for ▁his ▁radio ▁program , ▁the ▁Pe el ▁S essions . ▁A ▁permanent ▁move ▁to ▁London ▁led ▁to ▁UK ▁t ours ▁with ▁the ▁Bo om town ▁R ats ▁and ▁Th in ▁L iz zy ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁performances ▁including ▁at ▁the ▁Mar que e , ▁Music ▁Machine ▁and ▁Ful ham ▁Grey h ound . ▁A ▁further ▁single , ▁" Take ▁Me " ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁A ▁failure ▁to ▁secure ▁long ▁term ▁record ▁company ▁support ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁band ▁splitting ▁up ▁in ▁London ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁They ▁included ▁Bo yle ▁( le ad ▁vocals ▁/ g tr ) ▁S ween ey ▁( le ad ▁guitar ) ▁Dol an ▁F ole y ▁( b ass ) ▁and ▁Dave ▁Mol oney ▁( d rum s ). ▁H ast ings ▁perform er ▁Bern ie ▁Sm ir no ff ▁( ex ▁Hollywood ▁Kill ers ) ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁drum ▁st ool ▁from ▁Mol oney ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁After ▁the ▁V ip ers , ▁Bo yle ▁later ▁changed ▁his ▁career ▁to ▁acting ▁whilst ▁his ▁colle agues ▁remained ▁mus icians , ▁F ole y ▁going ▁on ▁to ▁Dublin ▁leg ends ▁the ▁Bl ades , ▁Mol oney ▁to ▁the ▁C aj un ▁Kings ▁and ▁S ween ey ▁the ▁F at ▁Lady ▁S ings . ▁Bern ie ▁Sm ir no ff ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁play ▁for ▁my ▁eyes ▁my ▁eyes |
▁and ▁now ▁plays ▁for ▁King b ath mat . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Official ▁site ▁The ▁V ip ers ▁entry ▁in ▁The ▁Irish ▁Punk ▁& ▁New ▁W ave ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Category : I r ish ▁rock ▁music ▁groups <0x0A> </s> ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁is ▁a ▁turn - based ▁science ▁fiction ▁computer ▁strategy ▁game ▁that ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Peter ▁Commons , ▁designed ▁by ▁Joe ▁Williams ▁( Jo ed elta ) ▁and ▁published ▁by ▁D elta ▁T ao ▁Software . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁version ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁and ▁further ▁up gr ades ▁followed ▁regularly ; ▁the ▁current ▁version , ▁ 5 . 0 . 5 , ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁July ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁received ▁wide ▁recognition ▁in ▁the ▁Mac int osh ▁community , ▁for ▁example ▁being ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Mac world ▁Game ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁can ▁be ▁categor ized ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 X ▁game ▁genre ▁( e X pl ore , ▁e X p and , ▁e X p lo it , ▁e X termin ate ) ▁with ▁a ▁theme ▁of ▁gal actic ▁con quest . ▁It ▁took ▁many ▁elements ▁of ▁its ▁design ▁from ▁the ▁earlier ▁Re ach ▁for ▁the ▁Stars , ▁but ▁expanded ▁on ▁many ▁of ▁that ▁game ' s ▁basic ▁them es ▁while ▁taking ▁advantage ▁of ▁the ▁larger ▁memory ▁and ▁better ▁graphics ▁available ▁on ▁the ▁Mac ▁platform . ▁ ▁Version ▁ 5 ▁is ▁available ▁for ▁iOS , ▁Android , |
▁Classic ▁Mac ▁OS , ▁and ▁Mac ▁OS ▁X ▁versions ▁before ▁ 1 0 . 7 ▁( there ▁is ▁no ▁universal ▁binary ) ▁and ▁Pal m ▁OS . ▁ ▁Version ▁ 4 ▁is ▁also ▁available ▁for ▁Windows ▁and ▁version ▁ 2 ▁for ▁Am iga . ▁ ▁Game play ▁The ▁game play ▁of ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁focus es ▁on ▁efficiently ▁extract ing ▁the ▁resources ▁of ▁conquer ed ▁world s ▁while ▁correctly ▁anticip ating ▁and ▁counter ing ▁oppon ents ' ▁actions . ▁ ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁can ▁be ▁played ▁against ▁a ▁computer ▁A I , ▁or ▁against ▁other ▁human ▁players ▁over ▁the ▁internet ▁( via ▁space ward ho . net ). ▁Pre vious ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁game ▁allowed ▁also ▁L AN - based ▁network ed ▁play , ▁but ▁this ▁feature ▁has ▁been ▁disabled ▁in ▁the ▁Mac ▁OS ▁X ▁version . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁very ▁simple ▁game play ▁compared ▁with ▁most ▁other ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁genre ▁( such ▁as ▁Master ▁of ▁Or ion ). ▁ ▁Depending ▁on ▁the ▁initial ▁settings , ▁games ▁take ▁from ▁about ▁ten ▁minutes ▁to ▁an ▁hour . ▁ ▁Its ▁small ▁but ▁dedicated ▁fan base ▁cons iders ▁the ▁simplicity ▁to ▁be ▁eleg ance , ▁and ▁its ▁design ers ▁bo ast ▁that ▁it ▁has ▁got ten ▁faster ▁and ▁more ▁intuit ive ▁to ▁play ▁with ▁each ▁new ▁version . ▁ ▁All ▁unnecessary ▁complexity ▁has ▁been ▁stri pped ▁from ▁the ▁game , ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁fast - p ac ed ▁game ▁that ▁still ▁man ages ▁to ▁be ▁very ▁eng aging . ▁ ▁The ▁core |
▁of ▁the ▁game ▁is ▁the ▁two - dimensional ▁map ▁of ▁" plan ets ". ▁ ▁Each ▁" plan et " ▁has ▁three ▁characteristics : ▁temperature , ▁gravity , ▁and ▁metal . ▁ ▁Tem per ature ▁and ▁gravity ▁are ▁both ▁used ▁to ▁determine ▁how ▁fast ▁colon ies ▁can ▁grow ▁and ▁how ▁large ▁they ▁can ▁become ▁( based ▁on ▁the ▁preferred ▁temperature ▁and ▁gravity ▁for ▁the ▁colon izer , ▁which ▁is ▁different ▁for ▁each ▁player ); ▁the ▁difference ▁is ▁that ▁a ▁player ▁may ▁spend ▁money ▁to ▁change ▁the ▁temperature ▁(" terra form ing ") ▁while ▁gravity ▁cannot ▁be ▁changed . ▁ ▁Col on ies ▁with ▁low ▁population ▁take ▁a ▁certain ▁amount ▁of ▁money ▁per ▁turn ▁to ▁support , ▁while ▁colon ies ▁with ▁high ▁population ▁ear n ▁money ▁for ▁their ▁owner . ▁ ▁Metal ▁can , ▁with ▁money ▁exp end iture , ▁be ▁m ined ▁for ▁use ▁with ▁ship building . ▁ ▁A ▁planet ' s ▁stats ▁are ▁unknown ▁until ▁expl ored ▁( to ▁get ▁current ▁info ▁on ▁a ▁planet , ▁a ▁player ▁must ▁have ▁ships ▁in ▁orbit ▁with ▁no ▁enemies ▁present ). ▁ ▁Tra vel ▁between ▁plan ets ▁is ▁via ▁hyp ers pace ▁( ships ▁cannot ▁encounter ▁each ▁other ▁except ▁at ▁plan ets ), ▁and ▁the ▁time ▁it ▁takes ▁depends ▁on ▁the ▁distance ▁between ▁the ▁origin ▁and ▁the ▁destination ▁on ▁the ▁map , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁on ▁the ▁speed ▁of ▁the ▁ship ▁in ▁question . ▁ ▁Sh ips ▁are ▁built ▁with ▁money ▁( re present ing ▁renew able ▁resources ) ▁and ▁metal ▁( re present |
ing ▁non - ren ew able ▁resources ). ▁ ▁M oney ▁and ▁metal ▁are ▁available ▁instantly , ▁wherever ▁needed . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁several ▁different ▁kinds ▁of ▁ships , ▁including ▁the ▁basic ▁F ighter , ▁a ▁Sc out ▁with ▁longer ▁range ▁but ▁we aker ▁weapons , ▁a ▁Col ony ▁Sh ip ▁used ▁to ▁found ▁new ▁colon ies , ▁Sat ell ites ▁which ▁are ▁cheap ▁but ▁cannot ▁move ▁from ▁the ▁world ▁at ▁which ▁they ▁are ▁built , ▁and ▁in ▁recent ▁versions ▁a ▁few ▁others ▁as ▁well , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁T ank er ▁and ▁D read n ought . ▁ ▁Each ▁ship ▁has ▁a ▁ranking ▁in ▁each ▁of ▁five ▁techn ologies : ▁range ▁( det erm ining ▁how ▁far ▁a ▁ship ▁can ▁fly ▁before ▁ref uel ing ), ▁speed ▁( det erm ining ▁how ▁quickly ▁ships ▁reach ▁their ▁destin ations ▁and ▁who ▁sho ots ▁first ▁in ▁a ▁battle ), ▁weapons , ▁shield s , ▁and ▁" min i atur ization ". ▁ ▁High er - tech ▁ships ▁cost ▁more ▁money ▁and ▁metal , ▁with ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁ships ▁with ▁high ▁" min i atur ization " ▁which ▁take ▁far ▁more ▁money ▁but ▁less ▁metal . ▁ ▁M ini atur ization ▁is ▁much ▁less ▁effective ▁when ▁applied ▁to ▁Col ony ▁Sh ips , ▁compared ▁to ▁other ▁types ▁of ▁ships . ▁ ▁Sh ips ▁cannot ▁be ▁upgrad ed , ▁although ▁old ▁ships ▁can ▁be ▁scra pped ▁to ▁retrieve ▁a ▁portion ▁of ▁their ▁metal . ▁When ▁a ▁ship ▁is ▁destroyed ▁in ▁battle , ▁a ▁smaller ▁portion ▁can |
▁also ▁be ▁recovered . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁ship ▁of ▁a ▁given ▁design ▁costs ▁two ▁to ▁four ▁times ▁as ▁much ▁as ▁subsequent ▁units , ▁to ▁account ▁for ▁research ▁and ▁design ▁costs . ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁ground ▁combat ; ▁ships ▁that ▁face ▁an ▁und ef ended ▁enemy ▁col ony ▁simply ▁bomb ard ▁it ▁from ▁orbit ▁until ▁they ▁or ▁the ▁entire ▁planet ▁population ▁is ▁dead . ▁The ▁planet ▁can ▁then ▁be ▁re colon ized ▁by ▁the ▁vict or ' s ▁species . ▁ ▁If ▁a ▁battle ▁last s ▁into ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁of ▁firing , ▁the ▁participants ▁will ▁get ▁information ▁on ▁what ▁happened ; ▁if ▁it ▁ends ▁in ▁only ▁one ▁round , ▁the ▁los er ▁will ▁know ▁only ▁that ▁he ▁lost . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁sp ending ▁on ▁supporting ▁colon ies , ▁terra form ing ▁plan ets , ▁min ing ▁plan ets , ▁and ▁building ▁ships , ▁players ▁can ▁spend ▁money ▁on ▁techn ological ▁research . ▁This ▁ra ises ▁the ▁available ▁maximum ▁for ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁five ▁ship ▁techn ologies . ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁sixth ▁type ▁of ▁research , ▁" Rad ical ", ▁which ▁gives ▁un predict able ▁advantages ▁such ▁as ▁improved ▁terra form ing , ▁information ▁about ▁distant ▁plan ets , ▁or ▁a ▁temporary ▁advantage ▁in ▁one ▁te ch . ▁Most ▁sp ending ▁in ▁the ▁game ▁follows ▁the ▁law ▁of ▁dimin ishing ▁returns : ▁it ▁is ▁more ▁effective ▁to ▁spend ▁light ly ▁but ▁constantly ▁on ▁a ▁given ▁te ch ▁or ▁planet ▁for ▁a ▁long ▁period ▁of ▁time ▁than ▁to ▁spend ▁heavily ▁for |
▁a ▁short ▁period ▁of ▁time . ▁ ▁For ▁example , ▁a ▁nov ice ▁player ▁might ▁reason ▁that ▁alloc ating ▁ 2 0 % ▁of ▁one ' s ▁income ▁to ▁min ing ▁a ▁particular ▁planet ▁would ▁yield ▁twice ▁as ▁much ▁metal ▁as ▁alloc ating ▁ 1 0 %; ▁in ▁fact , ▁it ▁yields ▁only ▁ 4 0 % ▁more ▁metal . ▁ ▁A ▁pseudo - log arith mic ▁bar ▁graph ▁displays ▁the ▁player ' s ▁sp ending ▁alloc ations . ▁The ▁player ▁manip ul ates ▁the ▁bars ▁with ▁the ▁mouse ▁to ▁allocate ▁sp ending . ▁ ▁As ▁one ▁bar ▁is ▁length ened , ▁the ▁lengths ▁of ▁the ▁other ▁bars ▁are ▁automatically ▁short ened ▁( and ▁vice ▁vers a ). ▁ ▁Port s ▁ ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁for ▁iOS ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁by ▁A rit on . ▁ ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁for ▁Android ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁by ▁A rit on . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Computer ▁G aming ▁World ▁pra ised ▁Space ward ▁Ho !, ▁calling ▁it ▁" the ▁Holy ▁Gra il ▁of ▁strateg ic ▁computer ▁games ▁– ▁the ▁entertain ing , ▁intro duct ory ▁strategy ▁game ", ▁especially ▁for ▁multiple ▁players ▁over ▁a ▁network . ▁A ▁February ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁survey ▁of ▁space ▁war ▁games ▁gave ▁it ▁a ▁grade ▁of ▁A , ▁stating ▁that ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁" d rew ▁in ▁many ▁non - w arg amer ▁types ▁with ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁clever ▁b ells ▁and ▁wh |
ist les ". ▁A ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁survey ▁of ▁strateg ic ▁space ▁games ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁and ▁later ▁gave ▁the ▁game ▁four ▁stars ▁out ▁of ▁five , ▁critic izing ▁the ▁cover ▁art ▁but ▁stating ▁that ▁it ▁" off ers ▁a ▁fine ▁' be er ▁and ▁pret z els ' ▁game ▁of ▁economic / mil it ary ▁space ▁con quest ▁... ▁Great ▁game play ▁and ▁graphics ▁with ▁a ▁touch ▁of ▁cr ass ". ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁v . ▁ 3 . 0 ▁for ▁the ▁Mac int osh ▁was ▁review ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁in ▁Dragon ▁# 1 9 6 ▁by ▁Hart ley , ▁Pat ric ia , ▁and ▁Kirk ▁L esser ▁in ▁" The ▁Ro le ▁of ▁Comput ers " ▁column . ▁The ▁review ers ▁gave ▁the ▁game ▁ 4 ▁out ▁of ▁ 5 ▁stars . ▁The ▁game ▁was ▁review ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁in ▁Dragon ▁# 2 0 2 ▁by ▁Sand y ▁Peters en ▁in ▁the ▁" E ye ▁of ▁the ▁Mon itor " ▁column . ▁Peters en ▁gave ▁the ▁solo ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁game ▁ 2 ▁out ▁of ▁ 5 ▁stars , ▁and ▁the ▁multi player ▁version ▁ 3 ▁stars . ▁ ▁Next ▁Generation ▁review ed ▁the ▁Mac int osh ▁version ▁of ▁Space ward ▁Ho ▁ 4 . 0 , ▁rating ▁it ▁three ▁stars ▁out ▁of ▁five , ▁and ▁stated ▁that ▁" If ▁you ▁already ▁own ▁a ▁copy , ▁now ▁is ▁definitely ▁time ▁to ▁step ▁up ▁to |
▁a ▁new ▁level ▁of ▁play ." ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁Next ▁Generation ▁listed ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁as ▁number ▁ 5 2 ▁on ▁their ▁" Top ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Games ▁of ▁All ▁Time ", ▁cit ing ▁its ▁" de cept ive ▁level ▁of ▁depth ", ▁high ▁re play ▁value , ▁and ▁eight - player ▁mode . ▁Wil ▁Whe aton ▁called ▁it ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁favorite ▁games . ▁ ▁Re views ▁ ▁Cas us ▁Bel li ▁# 6 9 ▁( May ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁ 4 X ▁video ▁games ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁D elta ▁T ao ▁Software ▁official ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁website ▁Review ▁of ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁ ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁ 2 ▁for ▁Am iga ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁ 4 ▁FA Q ▁ 4 X : ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁- ▁another ▁review . ▁Con figure ▁Windows ▁XP / V ista / 7 ▁to ▁run ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁Con figure ▁Space ward ▁Ho ! ▁for ▁Internet ▁multi - player ▁iOS ▁and ▁Android ▁version ▁home page ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : 4 X ▁video ▁games ▁Category : Android ▁( oper ating ▁system ) ▁games ▁Category : IOS ▁games ▁Category : Mac ▁OS ▁games ▁Category : Mac OS ▁games ▁Category : P alm ▁OS ▁games ▁Category : Windows ▁games ▁Category : Am iga ▁games ▁Category : Turn - based ▁strategy ▁video ▁games ▁Category : S cience ▁fiction ▁video ▁games |
▁Category : New ▁World ▁Comput ing ▁games ▁Category : Video ▁games ▁developed ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁Chinese ▁characters ▁meaning ▁" bl ess ing ▁mountain ( s ) ". ▁It ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁F ush an ▁( disambiguation ), ▁the ▁Chinese ▁transl iter ation ▁ ▁Fu ku y ama ▁( disambiguation ), ▁the ▁Japanese ▁transl iter ation <0x0A> </s> ▁K and arr ▁is ▁a ▁surname . ▁Notable ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁surname ▁include : ▁ ▁J ana ▁K and arr ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 6 ), ▁German ▁tennis ▁player ▁Pet ra ▁K and arr ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 0 ), ▁East ▁German ▁spr inter <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁Ma um ere ▁( D io ec esis ▁Ma umer ensis ) ▁in ▁Indones ia ▁was ▁created ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁by ▁splitting ▁it ▁from ▁the ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Ende , ▁which ▁is ▁still ▁the ▁metropol itan ▁of ▁the ▁dioc ese . ▁Its ▁first ▁bishop ▁is ▁Vincent ius ▁S ens i . ▁The ▁St ▁Joseph ▁church ▁in ▁Ma um ere ▁is ▁the ▁c athedral ▁of ▁the ▁dioc ese . ▁ ▁The ▁dioc ese ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 1 , 7 3 2 km ², ▁coinc iding ▁with ▁the ▁civil ▁district ▁S ik ka ▁on ▁the ▁eastern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁island ▁Fl ores . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁ 2 5 9 , 5 9 8 ▁of ▁the ▁ |
2 7 0 , 0 0 0 ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁are ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church . ▁The ▁dioc ese ▁is ▁sub div ided ▁into ▁ 3 5 ▁par ishes . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁dioc eses ▁in ▁Indones ia ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁GC atholic . org ▁Catholic - h ier archy . org ▁V at ican ▁press ▁release ▁on ▁the ▁creation ▁ ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁dioc eses ▁in ▁Indones ia ▁Category : Christ ian ▁organizations ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁dioc eses ▁and ▁pre l atures ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁century <0x0A> </s> ▁Rob iqu et ia ▁minim if l ora , ▁or ▁the ▁tiny - flow ered ▁ab dom inea , ▁is ▁a ▁very ▁rare ▁mon op od ial ▁e pi ph yt ic ▁orch id ▁species . ▁It ▁was ▁previously ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Ab dom inea ▁minim if l ora . ▁It ▁is ▁distributed ▁from ▁Th ailand ▁to ▁the ▁Mal ay ▁pen ins ula , ▁Java , ▁and ▁the ▁Philippines . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁is ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁Latin ▁ab d omen , ▁meaning ▁bel ly . ▁It ▁refers ▁to ▁the ▁similarity ▁between ▁the ▁shape ▁of ▁the ▁lab ell um ▁( lip ) ▁and ▁the ▁shape ▁of ▁the ▁ab d omen ▁of ▁an ▁insect . ▁ ▁The ▁species ▁produces ▁very ▁small ▁flowers , ▁about ▁ 0 . 4 5 cm ▁wide , ▁on ▁a ▁rac em ose , ▁many - flow ered ▁infl |
ores c ence . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁I OS PE ▁orch id ▁photos ▁Ab dom inea ▁minim if l ora ▁ ▁Or ch id iana , ▁Ab dom inea ▁minim if l ora ▁S iam ▁Ex ot ica ▁Pl ants , ▁Or ch id ▁of ▁Th ailand , ▁Ab dom inea ▁ ส ก ุ ล ▁ แ อ ็ บ โ ด ม ี เ น ี ย ▁ ต ั ้ ง ช ื ่ อ โ ด ย ▁Johannes ▁Jacob us ▁Smith ▁( J . J . Sm .) ▁▁ น ั ก พ <0xE0> <0xB8> <0xA4> ก ษ ศ า ส ต ร ์ ▁ ช า ว เ ด น ม า ร ์ ก ▁▁ เ ม ื ่ อ ป ี ▁ พ . ศ . 2 4 5 7 ▁ <0xE0> <0xB8> <0x8B> <0xE0> <0xB8> <0xB6> ่ ง ต ั ้ ง ช ื ่ อ ส ก ุ ล ม า จ า ก ภ า ษ า ล า ต ิ น ว ่ า ▁ab d omen ▁ ห ม า ย <0xE0> <0xB8> <0x96> <0xE0> <0xB8> <0xB6> ง ▁ จ ะ ง อ ย ท ี ่ ย ื ่ น ย า ว เ ห น ื อ แ อ ่ ง เ ก ส ร ต ั ว เ ม ี ย ▁Ph y to images , ▁Jim ▁C oot es , ▁Or ch id aceae ▁Ab dom inea ▁minim if l ora ▁Les ▁Or ch |
id ées ▁de ▁ ▁sam , ▁Ab dom inea ▁ ▁minim if l ora ▁Category : E pi ph yt ic ▁orch ids ▁Category : Or ch ids ▁of ▁Mal aya ▁Category : Or ch ids ▁of ▁Java ▁Category : Or ch ids ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁Category : Or ch ids ▁of ▁Th ailand <0x0A> </s> ▁Charles - C as imir ▁Man ry ▁( 8 ▁February ▁ 1 8 2 3 ▁– ▁ 1 8 ▁January ▁ 1 8 6 6 ) ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁French ▁composer . ▁ ▁Charles ▁Man ry ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Jean ▁Man ry , ▁a ▁phys ician ▁at ▁the ▁h ô p ital ▁Saint - Louis ▁in ▁Paris ▁and ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Ac adémie ▁de ▁médec ine . ▁ ▁He ▁first ▁studied ▁law ▁and ▁took ▁his ▁legal ▁argument ▁but ▁his ▁fortune ▁enabled ▁him ▁to ▁indul ge ▁in ▁his ▁pen chant ▁for ▁music . ▁He ▁then ▁followed ▁the ▁less ons ▁of ▁harm ony ▁and ▁counter point ▁by ▁Mr . ▁El wart . ▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁He ▁had ▁his ▁first ▁Mass ▁for ▁three ▁voices ▁with ▁organ ▁accompan iment ▁executed ▁ 1 ▁November ▁ 1 8 4 4 ▁at ▁É glise ▁Saint - Jac ques - du - H aut - P as . ▁ ▁He ▁later ▁had ▁several ▁pieces ▁of ▁sacred ▁music ▁played ▁in ▁Paris ian ▁churches : ▁ 1 8 5 2 : ▁Mass ▁for ▁four ▁men ▁voices ▁without ▁accompan iment , ▁given ▁at ▁, ▁E aster , ▁ 1 8 5 |
4 : ▁Les ▁Deux ▁É p agne uls , ▁op éra ▁com ique ▁in ▁one ▁act ▁and ▁free ▁verse , ▁text ▁by ▁Éd ou ard ▁F ourn ier , ▁presented ▁at ▁N éo - Th erm es , ▁ 1 9 ▁December ▁ 1 8 5 5 : ▁Mass ▁for ▁three ▁voices ▁with ▁organ ▁and ▁string ▁instruments ▁accompan iment , ▁given ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁church ▁for ▁Christmas , ▁ 1 8 6 0 : ▁Mass ▁with ▁full ▁or chestra ▁with ▁solo ists ▁and ▁ch orus , ▁played ▁at ▁Saint - R och ▁ 1 ▁May , ▁ ▁Second ▁Mass ▁for ▁three ▁voices ▁with ▁organ ▁accompan iment , ▁ ▁Te ▁De um ▁four ▁solo ▁voices ▁and ▁cho irs , ▁ ▁E ight ▁mot ets ▁for ▁three ▁voices ▁with ▁or ▁without ▁organ ▁accompan iment , ▁ ▁Several ▁O ▁Sal ut aris , ▁A ve ▁Maria , ▁A ve ▁ver um , ▁Sal ve ▁Regin a ▁and ▁Regin a ▁C œ li , ▁ ▁Sym phony ▁for ▁or chestra , ▁ ▁Three ▁string ▁quart ets , ▁ ▁T rio ▁for ▁viol in , ▁alto ▁and ▁c ello , ▁ ▁S éré na de ▁for ▁or chestra , ▁ ▁La ▁sor ci ère ▁des ▁e aux , ▁over t ure ▁for ▁or chestra , ▁ ▁Grand ▁du o ▁pour ▁piano ▁et ▁viol on , ▁in ▁three ▁parts , ▁ ▁Les ▁N atch ez , ▁or atorio , ▁ ▁Les ▁dis ci ples ▁d ' Em ma üs , ▁mystery ▁for ▁three ▁voices , ▁ch orus ▁and ▁or |
chestra , ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁François - Jose ph ▁F ét is , ▁Biographie ▁univers elle ▁des ▁mus ici ens ▁et ▁bibli ographie ▁générale ▁de ▁la ▁musique , ▁volume ▁ 5 , ▁( p . 4 3 1 - 4 3 2 ), ▁Fir min - Did ot , ▁Paris , ▁ 1 8 6 3 ▁Read ▁online ▁ ▁Rev ue ▁et ▁gaz ette ▁musicale ▁de ▁Paris , ▁( p . 1 1 ), ▁ 2 1 e ▁année , ▁Paris , ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁Read ▁online ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : F rench ▁compos ers ▁of ▁sacred ▁music ▁Category : F rench ▁Rom antic ▁compos ers ▁Category : F rench ▁ch oral ▁conduct ors ▁Category : F rench ▁male ▁conduct ors ▁( music ) ▁Category : 1 8 2 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Paris ▁Category : 1 8 6 6 ▁death s ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁Mont mart re ▁C emetery ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁male ▁mus icians <0x0A> </s> ▁Anthony ▁Joseph ▁Norman ▁( born ▁ 2 4 ▁February ▁ 1 9 5 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Wel sh ▁former ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁goal keeper ▁for ▁H ull ▁City , ▁S under land ▁and ▁Hud ders field ▁Town . ▁ ▁He ▁holds ▁the ▁record ▁for ▁consecutive ▁appearances ▁for ▁H ull ▁City , ▁playing ▁ 2 2 6 ▁consecutive ▁games ▁between ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁September ▁ 1 9 8 |
8 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁club ' s ▁cent en ary ▁celebr ations , ▁a ▁poll ▁was ▁carried ▁out ▁to ▁name ▁the ▁top ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Tig ers , ▁and ▁Norman ▁was ▁the ▁highest - pla ced ▁goal keeper ▁at ▁number ▁six . ▁During ▁his ▁time ▁at ▁Bo oth fer ry ▁Park , ▁H ull ▁completed ▁a ▁swift ▁clim b ▁from ▁the ▁Four th ▁Division ▁to ▁the ▁Second , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁finished ▁sixth ▁– ▁their ▁ 2 nd ▁highest ▁finish ▁( they ▁finished ▁ 5 th ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 ) ▁until ▁they ▁finally ▁won ▁promotion ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁flight ▁ 2 2 ▁years ▁later . ▁ ▁On ▁leaving ▁H ull ▁City , ▁he ▁signed ▁for ▁S under land ▁for ▁a ▁then ▁club ▁record ▁fee . ▁During ▁his ▁time ▁at ▁R oker ▁Park , ▁he ▁helped ▁them ▁win ▁promotion ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁fight ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁and ▁also ▁played ▁at ▁W emble y ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁FA ▁Cup ▁Final , ▁where ▁they ▁lost ▁ 2 – 0 ▁to ▁Liverpool . ▁He ▁played ▁a ▁st arring ▁role ▁in ▁that ▁cup ▁run , ▁including ▁Man ▁of ▁the ▁Match ▁displays ▁away ▁to ▁West ▁Ham ▁and ▁at ▁home ▁to ▁Ch else a . ▁He ▁remains ▁the ▁only ▁goal keeper ▁to ▁have ▁played ▁for ▁S under land ▁at ▁W emble y ▁twice . ▁ ▁He ▁depart ed ▁from ▁S under land ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of |
▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁to ▁sign ▁for ▁Brian ▁H orton ▁( who ▁had ▁been ▁his ▁manager ▁at ▁H ull ▁City ) ▁at ▁Hud ders field ▁Town . ▁He ▁remained ▁in ▁West ▁York shire ▁for ▁two ▁seasons ▁until ▁he ▁finally ▁called ▁time ▁on ▁his ▁playing ▁career ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 3 9 . ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁length y ▁career ▁he ▁played ▁one ▁season ▁of ▁top - fl ight ▁football , ▁when ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 – 9 1 ▁he ▁kept ▁goal ▁for ▁a ▁S under land ▁side ▁that ▁suffered ▁re leg ation ▁on ▁the ▁final ▁day ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁from ▁the ▁pen ult imate ▁pre - P rem iers hip ▁First ▁Division . ▁ ▁He ▁made ▁ 5 ▁international ▁appearances ▁for ▁Wales , ▁usually ▁serving ▁as ▁deput y ▁to ▁the ▁legend ary ▁Ne ville ▁South all . ▁ ▁Since ▁ret iring ▁from ▁professional ▁football ▁Norman ▁has ▁been ▁diagn osed ▁with ▁a ▁rare ▁heart ▁condition ▁called ▁card iom y op ath y . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁he ▁under to ok ▁a ▁ 1 9 0 - mile ▁char ity ▁walk ▁in ▁aid ▁of ▁the ▁Children ' s ▁Heart ▁Federation . ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Norman ▁returned ▁to ▁S under land ▁A FC ▁as ▁Academy ▁Go al keep ing ▁Co ach . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁Go al keep ing ▁Co ach ▁at ▁Dar ling ton ▁ 1 8 8 3 ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 2 |
. ▁ ▁Norman ▁was ▁appointed ▁goal keep ing ▁coach ▁at ▁G ates head ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Wel sh ▁football ers ▁Category : W ales ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁goal keep ers ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : H ull ▁City ▁A . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : S under land ▁A . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : H ud ders field ▁Town ▁A . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : S under land ▁A . F . C . ▁non - play ing ▁staff ▁Category : G ates head ▁F . C . ▁non - play ing ▁staff <0x0A> </s> ▁D har wad ▁is ▁a ▁city ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁north ▁western ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Indian ▁state ▁of ▁K arn ata ka . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁headquarters ▁of ▁the ▁D har wad ▁district ▁of ▁K arn ata ka ▁and ▁forms ▁a ▁cont igu ous ▁urban ▁area ▁with ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Hub bal li . ▁It ▁was ▁merged ▁with ▁Hub bal li ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 ▁to ▁form ▁the ▁tw in ▁cities ▁of ▁Hub bal li - D har wad . ▁It ▁covers ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 2 1 3 km ² ▁and ▁is ▁located ▁ 4 3 0 km ▁north west ▁of ▁Bang al ore , ▁on ▁N H - 4 8 , ▁between |
▁Bang al ore ▁and ▁P une . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁Chal uky as ▁ruled ▁D har wad ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁century . ▁A ▁stone ▁ins cription ▁indicates ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁r uler ▁by ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Bh ask ara De va ▁in ▁ 1 1 1 7 . ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁century , ▁the ▁district ▁was ▁first ▁over run ▁by ▁the ▁Bah man i ▁Sultan ate , ▁after ▁which ▁it ▁was ▁an nex ed ▁to ▁the ▁newly ▁established ▁H indu ▁kingdom ▁of ▁V ij ay an agar , ▁an ▁official ▁of ▁which ▁named ▁D har ▁R ao , ▁according ▁to ▁local ▁tradition , ▁built ▁the ▁fort ▁at ▁D har wad ▁town ▁in ▁ 1 4 0 3 . ▁After ▁the ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁king ▁of ▁V ij ay an agar ▁at ▁Tal ik ot ▁( 1 5 6 5 ), ▁D har wad ▁was ▁for ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁pract ically ▁independent ▁under ▁its ▁H indu ▁governor ; ▁but ▁in ▁ 1 5 7 3 ▁the ▁fort ▁was ▁captured ▁by ▁the ▁s ultan ▁of ▁Bij ap ur , ▁Ad il ▁Shah , ▁and ▁D har wad ▁was ▁an nex ed ▁to ▁his ▁domin ions . ▁Ad il ▁Shah ▁built ▁a ▁fort ▁in ▁an ▁area ▁later ▁called ▁Mann a ▁K illa , ▁and ▁later ▁Naz rat abad . ▁With ▁this ▁fort , ▁the ▁strateg ic ▁importance ▁of ▁D har wad ▁increased ▁and ▁it ▁attract ed ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁subsequent ▁conquer ors , ▁including ▁Aur ang z eb |
, ▁Sh iv aj i , ▁Aur ang z eb ' s ▁son ▁Muhammad ▁Mu azz am ▁known ▁as ▁Bah ad ur ▁Shah ▁I ▁or ▁Shah ▁Al am , ▁the ▁sevent h ▁M ug hal ▁em peror ▁( 1 7 0 7 - 1 7 1 2 ), ▁P esh wa ▁Bal aj i ▁B aj i ▁R ao , ▁Hy der ▁Ali , ▁T ip u ▁Sultan ▁and ▁finally ▁the ▁British ▁colon izers . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 6 8 5 , ▁the ▁fort ▁was ▁taken ▁by ▁the ▁M ug hal ▁em peror ▁Aur ang z eb , ▁and ▁D har wad , ▁on ▁the ▁break - up ▁of ▁the ▁M ug hal ▁emp ire , ▁fell ▁under ▁the ▁s way ▁of ▁the ▁Mar ath a ▁P esh wa ▁of ▁P une . ▁In ▁ 1 7 6 4 , ▁the ▁province ▁was ▁over run ▁by ▁Hy der ▁Ali ▁of ▁the ▁Mys ore , ▁who ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 8 ▁captured ▁the ▁fort ▁of ▁D har wad . ▁The ▁fort ▁was ▁ret aken ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 1 ▁by ▁the ▁Mar ath as . ▁After ▁the ▁final ▁defeat ▁of ▁the ▁P esh wa ▁by ▁the ▁British ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 8 , ▁D har war ▁was ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁East ▁India ▁Company ' s ▁Bomb ay ▁Pres iden cy . ▁During ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁when ▁the ▁British ▁were ▁expand ing ▁their ▁domains , ▁they ▁faced ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁opposition |
▁from ▁local ▁r ul ers , ▁including ▁B aba ▁Sa heb ▁of ▁Nar ag und ▁and ▁K itt ur ▁Ch enn amma . ▁D har wad ▁was ▁independent ▁before ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁The ▁population ▁of ▁the ▁tw in ▁cities ▁as ▁per ▁prov is ional ▁figures ▁of ▁Census ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁is ▁ 9 4 3 , 8 5 7 ▁and ▁is ▁urban . ▁Hub li - D har wad ' s ▁population ▁increased ▁ 2 2 . 9 9 % ▁between ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁from ▁ 5 2 7 , 1 0 8 ▁to ▁ 6 4 8 , 2 9 8 , ▁and ▁by ▁ 2 1 . 2 % ▁between ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁The ▁municipality ▁covers ▁ 2 1 3 km ². ▁ ▁C iv ic ▁administration ▁▁ ▁Hub li - D har wad ▁Municipal ▁Corporation ▁( HD MC ) ▁was ▁constit uted ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁by ▁combining ▁two ▁cities ▁separated ▁by ▁a ▁distance ▁of ▁ 2 0 ▁kilom eters . ▁The ▁area ▁covered ▁by ▁the ▁corpor ation ▁is ▁ 2 1 3 km ². ▁spread ▁over ▁ 4 5 ▁re venue ▁villages . ▁The ▁population ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁as ▁per ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁census ▁was ▁ 7 ▁lak hs . ▁The ▁population ▁of ▁Hub li - D har wad ▁is ▁ 9 4 3 |
, 8 5 7 ▁according ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Census ▁ ▁Hub bal li : ▁Under ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁India ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 8 5 0 , ▁the ▁Hub bal li - M unicip al ▁council ▁was ▁established ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁August ▁ 1 8 5 5 . ▁D har wad : ▁The ▁D har wad ▁Municipal ▁Council ▁first ▁came ▁into ▁existence ▁on ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 1 8 5 6 . ▁The ▁first ▁non - o fficial ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁was ▁S . K . ▁Rod da ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 7 , ▁and ▁Sh ri ▁S . V . ▁Mens ink ai , ▁was ▁nominated ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁ ▁But ▁the ▁credit ▁of ▁being ▁the ▁first ▁elected ▁President ▁goes ▁to ▁Sh ri ▁S . G . ▁Kar ig ud ari , ▁who ▁took ▁office ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁ ▁Hub bal li ▁is ▁well ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁commercial ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁industrial ▁centre , ▁whereas ▁D har wad ▁is ▁seat ▁of ▁learning . ▁ ▁Popular ly ▁believed ▁that , ▁it ▁is ▁this ▁divers ity ▁and ▁ge ographical ▁positions ▁that ▁the ▁state ▁government ▁am alg am ated ▁the ▁two ▁cities . ▁The ▁tw in - city ▁corpor ation ▁occup ies ▁unique ▁place ▁in ▁K arn ata ka ▁State . ▁After ▁the ▁capital ▁city ▁of ▁Bang al ore , ▁this ▁is ▁the ▁largest ▁city ▁Corporation ▁in ▁the ▁State . ▁ ▁Econom y ▁ ▁Indust rial ▁and ▁business ▁development ▁ ▁Hub bal li |
- D har wad ▁is ▁a ▁developing ▁industrial ▁hub ▁in ▁K arn ata ka ▁after ▁Bang al ore , ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 0 0 ▁al lied ▁small ▁and ▁medium ▁indust ries ▁established ▁in ▁G ok ul ▁Road ▁and ▁T ari hal ▁regions ▁of ▁Hub li . ▁There ▁are ▁machine ▁tools ▁indust ries , ▁elect rical , ▁steel ▁furn iture , ▁food ▁products , ▁rub ber ▁and ▁le ather ▁indust ries , ▁and ▁t anning ▁indust ries . ▁ ▁To ▁promote ▁the ▁overall ▁economic ▁development ▁of ▁indust ries , ▁institutions ▁and ▁business es , ▁the ▁K arn ata ka ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce ▁& ▁Indust ry ▁was ▁formed . ▁It ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁premier ▁associations , ▁which ▁has ▁been ▁gain ing ▁momentum ▁in ▁ach ieving ▁potential ▁growth ▁and ▁prosper ity ▁in ▁Hub li ▁region . ▁One ▁key ▁aspect ▁of ▁industrial isation ▁for ▁Hub bal li - D har wad ▁was ▁foundation ▁of ▁Agricult ural ▁Produ ce ▁Market ▁Committee , ▁which ▁aim ed ▁at ▁providing ▁h ass le - free ▁market ▁conditions ▁for ▁far mers , ▁to ▁establish ▁reg ulated ▁and ▁stim ulated ▁production ▁of ▁agricult ural ▁related ▁comm od ities ▁and ▁goods . ▁ ▁Education ▁institutions ▁▁ ▁Indian ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁D har wad ▁( I IT ▁D har wad ) ▁ ▁Indian ▁Institute ▁of ▁Information ▁Technology , ▁D har wad ▁( II IT D WD ) ▁ ▁K arn ata k ▁University ▁ ▁K arn ata ka ▁State ▁Law ▁University ▁( K SL U ) ▁ ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult |
ural ▁Sciences , ▁D har wad ▁( U AS D ) ▁ ▁K LE ▁Techn ological ▁University ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Hub li ▁– ▁D har wad ▁Municipal ▁Corporation ▁▁▁ ▁K arn ata ka ▁State ▁Government ▁Gazette er , ▁Info ▁on ▁Hub li ▁ ▁City ▁population ▁ ▁Hub li - D har wad ▁city ▁profiles ▁ ▁Category : Art icles ▁containing ▁potentially ▁dated ▁statements ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁Category : All ▁articles ▁containing ▁potentially ▁dated ▁statements ▁Category : Hub li - D har wad ▁Category : C ities ▁and ▁towns ▁in ▁D har wad ▁district <0x0A> </s> ▁Bry an ▁S ola ▁Z amb rano ▁( born ▁April ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 9 2 ) ▁is ▁an ▁E cuador ian ▁ro wer . ▁He ▁placed ▁ 2 8 th ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁single ▁sc ull s ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : E cuador ian ▁male ▁row ers ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁row ers ▁of ▁E cuador ▁Category : Row ers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics <0x0A> </s> ▁C ali xt o ▁José ▁Or te ga ▁S ánchez ▁is ▁a ▁Venez uel an ▁engineer ▁and ▁diplom at ▁who ▁currently ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Bank ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁since ▁ 1 9 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Education ▁ ▁C ali xt o ▁Or |
te ga ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Z ul ia ▁with ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁industrial ▁engineer . ▁In ▁addition , ▁he ▁completed ▁master ' s ▁degrees ▁in ▁Fin ance ▁( M BA ) ▁from ▁R ice ▁University , ▁and ▁in ▁Econom ic ▁Policy ▁Management , ▁from ▁Columbia ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁Among ▁his ▁academic ▁achiev ements ▁include ▁entering ▁the ▁Honor ▁Roll ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Z ul ia ▁( 2 0 0 3 ), ▁and ▁more ▁than ▁thirty ▁diplom as ▁of ▁honor ▁for ▁receiving ▁the ▁highest ▁gr ades . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁he ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Venez uel an ▁diplom atic ▁corps ▁that ▁were ▁given ▁persona ▁non ▁gr ata ▁while ▁he ▁was ▁cons ul ▁in ▁Houston ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁a ▁similar ▁measure ▁approved ▁during ▁the ▁Hugo ▁Ch ave z ▁government ▁against ▁US ▁diplom ats ▁in ▁Venezuela . ▁From ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁cons ul ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁in ▁both ▁Houston ▁and ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁then ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁principal ▁advis er ▁to ▁Pet ró le os ▁de ▁Venezuela ▁( PD V SA ). ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁eight ▁days ▁before ▁the ▁arrest ▁of ▁the ▁president ▁and ▁five ▁other ▁direct ors ▁of ▁the ▁subs idi ary , ▁José ▁Áng el ▁Pere ira ▁Ru im w yk , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁vice ▁president ▁of ▁administration ▁and ▁fin ance ▁of ▁Cit go , ▁having ▁joined ▁the ▁company ▁only ▁a ▁couple ▁of ▁months ▁ago . |
▁According ▁to ▁an ▁investigation ▁carried ▁out ▁by ▁the ▁journalist ▁Ma ib ort ▁Pet it , ▁in ▁the ▁design ation ▁the ▁requirements ▁demanded ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁government ▁to ▁the ▁companies ▁for ▁the ▁appro val ▁of ▁the ▁L 1 ▁vis as , ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁trans fers ▁of ▁trans n ational ▁execut ives , ▁were ▁viol ated . ▁▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁rejected ▁the ▁re - entry ▁of ▁C ali xt o ▁Or te ga ▁into ▁its ▁territory , ▁alleg ing ▁irregular ities ▁in ▁his ▁L 1 ▁vis a , ▁after ▁having ▁tra ve led ▁to ▁Venezuela ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁president ial ▁elections , ▁causing ▁him ▁to ▁leave ▁the ▁vice ▁presiden cy ▁of ▁Cit go . ▁ ▁After ▁President ▁Nicol ás ▁Mad uro ▁proposal ▁to ▁appoint ▁C ali xt o ▁Or te ga ▁as ▁President , ▁the ▁National ▁Const itu ent ▁Assembly ▁appointed ▁C ali xt o ▁Or te ga ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Bank ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁( BC V ) ▁to ▁replace ▁Ram on ▁Lob o ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁despite ▁that ▁the ▁constitution ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁and ▁the ▁Central ▁Bank ▁Law ▁establish ▁that ▁the ▁rat ification ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Bank ▁president ▁must ▁be ▁approved ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁Assembly , ▁which ▁is ▁currently ▁domin ated ▁by ▁the ▁opposition ▁Democratic ▁Unity ▁Round table . ▁ ▁Ten ure ▁C ali xt o ▁Or te ga ▁has ▁held ▁the ▁following ▁positions : ▁Vice ▁President |
▁of ▁Fin ance ▁of ▁C IT GO ▁Ad visor ▁in ▁Pet ró le os ▁de ▁Venezuela ▁SA ▁( PD V SA ) ▁Cons ul ▁General ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁Houston , ▁Texas , ▁United ▁States ▁De legate ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁before ▁the ▁Administration ▁and ▁Bud get ▁Commission , ▁P erman ent ▁Mission ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Biography ▁on ▁B CV ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Z ul ia ▁Category : Pres idents ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Bank ▁of ▁Venezuela ▁Category : Col umb ia ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : V enez uel an ▁diplom ats ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Z ul ia ▁al umn i ▁Category : V enez uel an ▁engine ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Jordan ▁Bre wer y ▁Ru ins ▁include ▁a ▁complex ▁of ▁lim estone ▁buildings ▁built ▁between ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁by ▁bre wer ▁Frank ▁Nicol in . ▁It ▁is ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Jordan , ▁Minnesota , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁A ▁micro bre wer y ▁was ▁planned ▁to ▁open ▁in ▁the ▁complex ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁but ▁a ▁mud slide ▁triggered ▁by ▁heavy ▁ra ins ▁dam aged ▁the ▁complex ▁and ▁has ▁left ▁its ▁future ▁use ▁in ▁doubt . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁American ▁Bre wer iana ▁Association ▁- ▁Jordan ▁B rew ing ▁ ▁Category : Bre wer y ▁buildings ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category |
: Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Scott ▁County , ▁Minnesota ▁Category : Def unct ▁bre wer y ▁companies ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Ind ust rial ▁buildings ▁and ▁structures ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Minnesota ▁Category : R u ins ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Scott ▁County , ▁Minnesota <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Wind ▁Energy ▁Power ▁System ▁( WE PS ) ▁is ▁a ▁wind ▁farm ▁project ▁located ▁near ▁Puerto ▁Gal era , ▁in ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁province ▁of ▁Mind oro ▁Oriental . ▁Once ▁completed ▁the ▁project ▁will ▁generate ▁an ▁estimated ▁ 4 8 MW ▁of ▁electric ity . ▁ ▁Project ▁details ▁ ▁The ▁W E PS ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁Puerto ▁Gal era , ▁on ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁Mind oro . ▁The ▁project ▁is ▁being ▁developed ▁by ▁Philipp ine ▁Hy brid ▁Energy ▁Systems , ▁Inc . ▁a ▁joint ▁Philipp ine , ▁Italian , ▁and ▁American ▁developer . ▁The ▁first ▁stage ▁of ▁development ▁was ▁approved ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁by ▁Philipp ine ▁Energy ▁Secretary ▁Jose ▁Al m end ras . ▁This ▁comes ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁Government ' s ▁am bit ious ▁energy ▁policy . ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁in ▁Mind oro , ▁Philipp ine ▁President ▁Aqu ino ▁signed ▁the ▁Pro posed ▁Lu zon ▁Mind oro - Inter connection ▁( L MI ) ▁project ▁with ▁the ▁full ▁support ▁of ▁Cong . ▁Rud y ▁Val encia , ▁Cong . ▁Rey ▁Um |
ali , ▁Governor ▁Alfonso ▁Um ali , ▁and ▁the ▁Local ▁Government ▁of ▁Mind oro . ▁This ▁agreement ▁will ▁allow ▁for ▁excess ▁electric ity ▁to ▁be ▁transport ed ▁to ▁the ▁nearby ▁island ▁of ▁Lu zon , ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁capital ▁and ▁largest ▁city ▁Man ila . ▁“ Before ▁I ▁end ▁my ▁term ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁I ▁want ▁to ▁see ▁Mind oro ▁export ing ▁its ▁sur plus ▁power ▁to ▁Lu zon ,” ▁commented ▁President ▁Ben ign o ▁Aqu ino ▁III ▁during ▁a ▁recent ▁signing ▁ceremony . ▁ ▁The ▁project ▁is ▁being ▁developed ▁joint ly ▁by ▁Philipp ine ▁Hy brid ▁Energy ▁Systems , ▁Inc . ▁Italian ▁power ▁utility ▁developer ▁C MC ▁Asia , ▁Inc . ▁and ▁tur bine ▁manufact urer ▁and ▁building ▁contract or ▁Games a ▁E ol ica , ▁S . L . ▁Un ip erson al ▁of ▁Spain . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : W ind ▁far ms ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Oriental ▁Mind oro <0x0A> </s> ▁George ▁Dar ling , ▁Baron ▁Dar ling ▁of ▁Hills borough , ▁PC ▁( 2 0 ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁– ▁ 1 8 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁politician ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁He ▁was ▁Labour ▁Co - oper ative ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁for ▁She ff ield ▁Hills borough ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁education ▁Dar ling ' s ▁grand father , ▁Thomas ▁Dar ling |
, ▁was ▁agent ▁for ▁James ▁Tom kin son , ▁Liberal ▁MP ▁for ▁Cre we ▁from ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁elementary ▁school ▁in ▁Cre we , ▁and ▁started ▁work ▁at ▁ 1 4 ▁in ▁the ▁railway ▁sh eds ▁of ▁the ▁town . ▁After ▁being ▁made ▁redundant ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁he ▁mat ric ulated ▁at ▁Liverpool ▁University , ▁before ▁going ▁on ▁to ▁attend ▁Mag dal ene ▁College , ▁Cambridge , ▁where ▁he ▁became ▁chair ▁of ▁the ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁Labour ▁Club ; ▁he ▁graduated ▁with ▁a ▁degree ▁in ▁econom ics ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 0 , ▁gain ing ▁a ▁lower - class ▁second ▁in ▁Part ▁I ▁of ▁the ▁tri pos ▁and ▁a ▁third ▁in ▁Part ▁II . ▁ ▁Career ▁After ▁Cambridge ▁Dar ling ▁chose ▁to ▁enter ▁journal ism , ▁before ▁becoming ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁research ▁and ▁information ▁at ▁the ▁Co - oper ative ▁Wh oles ale ▁Society ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 7 . ▁He ▁then ▁joined ▁the ▁Reyn olds ▁News ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁before ▁becoming ▁industrial ▁correspond ent ▁for ▁the ▁BBC ▁reporting ▁team ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁He ▁wrote ▁several ▁books ▁on ▁the ▁co - oper ative ▁movement . ▁Dar ling ▁cont ested ▁Mac cles field ▁without ▁success ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁elected ▁for ▁Hills borough ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁succeed ing |
▁A . ▁V . ▁Alexander , ▁then ▁the ▁best ▁known ▁Co - oper ative ▁MP . ▁Dar ling ▁was ▁a ▁party ▁sp okes man ▁in ▁opposition ▁on ▁Board ▁of ▁Trade ▁subjects ▁and ▁consumer ▁protection . ▁Following ▁Labour ' s ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁election ▁victory , ▁Dar ling ▁became ▁Minister ▁of ▁State ▁at ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Trade , ▁ste pping ▁down ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Institute ▁of ▁Tr ading ▁Stand ards ▁Administration ▁( today ▁the ▁Tr ading ▁Stand ards ▁Institute ) ▁and ▁secured ▁legisl ation ▁reg ulating ▁car ▁ins urance ▁and ▁the ▁descri ptions ▁of ▁consumer ▁goods . ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁a ▁Priv y ▁Coun s ell or ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 . ▁ ▁Dar ling ▁retired ▁from ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁at ▁the ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁general ▁election . ▁In ▁June ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year , ▁he ▁was ▁made ▁a ▁life ▁peer ▁as ▁Baron ▁Dar ling ▁of ▁Hills borough , ▁of ▁Cre we ▁in ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁Ch esh ire . ▁ ▁Dar ling ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Fund ▁for ▁Pol io ▁Research . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁death s ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Liverpool ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Mag dal ene ▁College , ▁Cambridge ▁Category : Lab our ▁Co - oper ative ▁MP s ▁for ▁English ▁constitu encies ▁Dar |
ling ▁of ▁Hills borough ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Priv y ▁Council ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 5 0 – 1 9 5 1 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 5 1 – 1 9 5 5 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 5 5 – 1 9 5 9 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 5 9 – 1 9 6 4 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 6 4 – 1 9 6 6 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 6 6 – 1 9 7 0 ▁Category : UK ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 7 0 – 1 9 7 4 <0x0A> </s> ▁Donald ▁Lind ley ▁( 1 9 5 2 ▁– ▁February ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ), ▁nick named ▁" The ▁C lock ", ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁drum mer , ▁noted ▁for ▁his ▁work ▁with ▁Luc inda ▁Williams , ▁Ros ie ▁Fl ores , ▁Joe ▁E ly ▁and ▁several ▁other ▁country ▁and ▁Amer icana ▁artists . ▁ ▁Lind ley ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Phoenix , ▁Arizona ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁He ▁lived ▁in ▁various ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁US ▁before ▁sett ling ▁in ▁Austin , ▁Texas ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁He ▁died ▁of ▁lung ▁cancer ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁leaving ▁behind ▁a ▁wife ▁and ▁young ▁son . ▁ ▁Cred its ▁ ▁So ▁Reb elli ous ▁a ▁L over ▁- ▁Car |
la ▁Ol son ▁( 1 9 8 7 ) ▁ ▁Luc inda ▁Williams ▁- ▁Luc inda ▁Williams ▁( 1 9 8 8 ) ▁ ▁Child ▁B ride ▁- ▁K aty ▁M off att ▁( 1 9 8 9 ) ▁ ▁Blue ▁Bl vd ▁- ▁Dave ▁Al vin ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁ ▁Just ▁Like ▁Old ▁Times ▁- ▁He ather ▁My les ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁S weet ▁Old ▁World ▁- ▁Luc inda ▁Williams ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁B one ▁- ▁Mar vin ▁Et zioni ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁Farm ▁- ▁Ros ie ▁Fl ores ▁( 1 9 9 2 ) ▁ ▁Return ▁of ▁the ▁H elle c aster s ▁- ▁The ▁H elle c aster s ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Or ph ans ▁and ▁Ang els ▁- ▁Jul ie ▁Miller ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Once ▁More ▁With ▁Fe eling ▁- ▁Ros ie ▁Fl ores ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Museum ▁of ▁Heart ▁- ▁Dave ▁Al vin ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁ ▁Pre tty ▁Close ▁to ▁the ▁Tr uth ▁- ▁Jim ▁La ud erd ale ▁( 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ ▁King ▁of ▁California ▁- ▁Dave ▁Al vin ▁( 1 9 9 4 ) ▁ ▁Your ▁Love ▁and ▁Other ▁L ies ▁- ▁Bud dy ▁Miller ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁Rock abil ly ▁Fil ly ▁- ▁Ros ie ▁Fl ores ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁Los |
er ' s ▁Parad ise ▁- ▁Chris ▁G aff ney ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁Full ▁Circle ▁- ▁Ted ▁Rod dy ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁Every ▁Second ▁Count s ▁- ▁Jim ▁La ud erd ale ▁( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Dev il ▁Lied ▁to ▁Me ▁- ▁Country ▁Dick ▁Mont ana ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ ▁Say in ' ▁What ▁I ' m ▁Think in ' ▁- ▁Sarah ▁Brown ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ ▁Hon ky ▁Ton k ▁Re prise ▁- ▁Ros ie ▁Fl ores ▁( 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ ▁Po ison ▁Love ▁- ▁Bud dy ▁Miller ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁ ▁Blue ▁P ony ▁- ▁Jul ie ▁Miller ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁ ▁Tw ist in ' ▁in ▁the ▁Wind ▁- ▁Joe ▁E ly ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Car ▁Whe els ▁on ▁a ▁Gra vel ▁Road ▁- ▁Luc inda ▁Williams ▁( 1 9 9 8 ) ▁ ▁Low ▁Down ▁and ▁Up ▁- ▁T oni ▁Price ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁Dance ▁Hall ▁Dream s ▁- ▁Ros ie ▁Fl ores ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁Com fort ▁in ▁the ▁Cur ves ▁- ▁Max ▁St alling ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Phoenix , ▁Arizona ▁Category : American ▁country ▁drum mers ▁Category : De ath s |
▁from ▁lung ▁cancer ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁drum mers ▁Category : American ▁male ▁drum mers ▁Category : Country ▁mus icians ▁from ▁Arizona ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁male ▁mus icians <0x0A> </s> ▁Ant isp ila ▁mes ogram ma ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁Hel io zel idae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Edward ▁Mey rick ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Peru . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁Category : Hel io zel idae <0x0A> </s> ▁General ▁( Ret .) ▁M uly ono ▁( born ▁ 1 2 ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 1 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Indones ian ▁former ▁general ▁who ▁previously ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Chief ▁of ▁Staff ▁of ▁the ▁Indones ian ▁Army ▁( Ind ones ian : ▁K ep ala ▁St af ▁Ang k atan ▁Dar at , ▁abbre vi ated ▁Kas ad ▁or ▁K S AD ). ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁by ▁President ▁of ▁Indones ia ▁J oko ▁W id odo ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁replacing ▁G at ot ▁N urm ant yo ▁who ▁became ▁commander ▁( P ang lim a ) ▁of ▁the ▁Indones ian ▁National ▁Ar med ▁Forces . ▁ ▁M uly ono ▁had ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁Indones ian ▁Military ▁Academy ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁Before ▁becoming ▁chief ▁of ▁staff , ▁he ▁had ▁served ▁as ▁Chief ▁of ▁the ▁Indones ian ▁Str ateg ic ▁Reserve ▁Command ▁( K ost rad ). |
▁ ▁Military ▁career ▁M uly ono ▁graduated ▁from ▁A km il ▁( Ind ones ian ▁Military ▁Academy ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁and ▁first ▁served ▁as ▁pl ato on ▁commander ▁in ▁Sul aw esi ▁( 7 1 2 nd ▁inf antry ▁batt alion , ▁ 7 th ▁Military ▁Regional ▁Command ). ▁He ▁later ▁became ▁company ▁commander ▁and ▁oper ational ▁officer ▁before ▁continu ing ▁to ▁advanced ▁officer ▁education ▁in ▁Band ung , ▁stay ing ▁there ▁as ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁teaching ▁staff ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁His ▁career ▁carried ▁on ▁and ▁he ▁became ▁batt alion ▁commander ▁in ▁ 1 st ▁Military ▁Regional ▁Command ▁by ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁and ▁then ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Sam ar inda ▁military ▁district ▁( part ▁of ▁ 6 th ▁Military ▁Regional ▁Command ) ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁He ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁Kost rad ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁initially ▁as ▁oper ational ▁assistant ▁to ▁the ▁Kost rad ▁commander , ▁before ▁moving ▁back ▁to ▁Mag el ang ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁cad et ▁regiment . ▁He ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁brig ad ier ▁general ▁in ▁ 1 0 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Until ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁took ▁up ▁multiple ▁positions ▁in ▁the ▁Army ' s ▁educational ▁and ▁training ▁center ▁before ▁becoming ▁oper ational ▁assistant ▁to ▁the ▁army ▁chief ▁of ▁staff ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁He ▁was ▁promoted |
▁to ▁a ▁major ▁general ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 1 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁Jak arta ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁the ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁capital ' s ▁military ▁province ▁K od am ▁J aya , ▁replacing ▁its ▁former ▁commander ▁E ▁Hud aw i ▁Lub is ▁( who ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁K S AD ' s ▁office ). ▁During ▁the ▁a for ement ioned ▁position , ▁he ▁public ly ▁challeng ed ▁Jak arta ' s ▁governor ▁Bas uki ▁T j ah aja ▁P urn ama ▁to ▁normal ize ▁Jak arta ' s ▁rivers ▁and ▁illegal ▁street ▁vend ors , ▁offering ▁support ▁from ▁K od am ▁J aya ' s ▁personnel . ▁ ▁Six ▁months ▁into ▁his ▁leadership ▁in ▁K od am ▁J aya , ▁he ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁Kost rad ▁and ▁became ▁its ▁commander , ▁replacing ▁G at ot ▁N urm ant yo ▁who ▁became ▁K S AD . ▁M uly ono ▁was ▁further ▁promoted ▁to ▁lieutenant ▁general ▁on ▁ 3 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Upon ▁the ▁appointment ▁of ▁G at ot ▁as ▁Commander ▁of ▁T NI ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁M uly ono ▁was ▁selected ▁from ▁three ▁likely ▁candidates ▁to ▁replace ▁him ▁and ▁he ▁became ▁K S AD ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁Short ly ▁afterwards , ▁he ▁was ▁made ▁a ▁four - star ▁general ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁July . ▁ ▁He ▁is |
▁set ▁to ▁ret ire ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁On ▁ 2 2 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Kost rad ▁commander ▁And ika ▁Per k asa ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁replace ▁him . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Indones ian ▁military ▁ranks ▁A de ▁Sup and i , ▁n avy ▁chief ▁of ▁staff ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ind ones ian ▁gener als ▁Category : Ind ones ian ▁National ▁Military ▁Academy ▁al umn i ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Boy ol ali ▁Reg ency ▁Category : Ch ief s ▁of ▁Staff ▁of ▁the ▁Indones ian ▁Army <0x0A> </s> ▁S os nov ka ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁village ) ▁in ▁At ar sh in sky ▁Sel so vi et , ▁Bel okat ay sky ▁District , ▁Bash k ort ost an , ▁Russia . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 5 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁There ▁are ▁ 2 ▁streets . ▁ ▁Geography ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁ 2 3 km ▁from ▁Nov ob el okat ay , ▁ 9 km ▁from ▁At ar sha . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Bash k ort ost an ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Bel okat ay sky ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁Ralph ▁Tal bot ▁T roy , ▁Sr . ▁( F ebru ary ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁– ▁January ▁ 2 6 , |
▁ 2 0 1 4 ), ▁was ▁a ▁mort g age ▁bank er ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁mayor ▁of ▁Mon roe , ▁the ▁seat ▁of ▁O u ach ita ▁Par ish ▁and ▁the ▁largest ▁city ▁in ▁n ort he astern ▁Louisiana . ▁His ▁mayor al ▁service ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁was ▁sand wich ed ▁between ▁the ▁fourth ▁and ▁fifth ▁terms ▁of ▁his ▁fellow ▁Dem ocrat , ▁W . ▁L . ▁" Jack " ▁Howard . ▁ ▁Background ▁A ▁Mon roe ▁native , ▁T roy ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁three ▁sons ▁of ▁Richard ▁Matthew ▁T roy ▁and ▁the ▁former ▁V era ▁Nob es . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁T roy ▁graduated ▁with ▁hon ors ▁from ▁the ▁Epis cop al - aff ili ated ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁in ▁S ew ane e , ▁Tennessee . ▁There after , ▁he ▁en rolled ▁at ▁Roman ▁Catholic - aff ili ated ▁Tul ane ▁University ▁Law ▁School ▁in ▁New ▁Orleans . ▁He ▁is ▁listed ▁in ▁the ▁Tul ane ▁year book ▁as ▁a ▁fresh man ▁law ▁student ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁and ▁obtained ▁his ▁law ▁degree ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁Political ▁life ▁In ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁T roy ▁un se ated ▁Jack ▁Howard ▁in ▁the ▁then ▁closed ▁Democratic ▁primary ▁election . ▁The ▁highlight ▁of ▁the ▁T roy ▁administration ▁was ▁the ▁expansion ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁of ▁State ▁Farm ▁In sur ance ▁to ▁make ▁Mon roe |
▁the ▁mid - s outh ▁regional ▁headquarters ▁of ▁the ▁company . ▁Mayor ▁T roy ▁pushed ▁for ▁an ▁urban ▁renew al ▁initi ative ▁that ▁provided ▁new ▁and ▁improved ▁streets ▁and ▁side wal ks . ▁As ▁mayor , ▁he ▁worked ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁fire ▁and ▁police ▁communication ▁systems ▁in ▁regard ▁to ▁surve ill ance , ▁pat rol , ▁and ▁emer gency ▁services . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁interview ▁with ▁The ▁Mon roe ▁News - Star , ▁T roy ▁re called ▁the ▁record - bre aking ▁ice ▁storm ▁that ▁knock ed ▁out ▁electric ity ▁for ▁two ▁weeks ▁in ▁some ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁He ▁added , ▁" We ▁also ▁had ▁three ▁ 1 0 0 - year ▁flo ods ▁that ▁sp ur red ▁us ▁to ▁complete ▁the ▁flo od w alls ▁along ▁the ▁O u ach ita ▁River ▁along ▁South ▁Grand ▁Street ." ▁At ▁that ▁time , ▁Mon roe ▁had ▁a ▁municip ally - owned ▁utility ▁plant ▁that ▁used ▁natural ▁gas . ▁When ▁the ▁U . S . ▁government ▁halt ed ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁inter state ▁natural ▁gas ▁as ▁fuel ▁to ▁generate ▁electric ity , ▁T roy ▁sh utt led ▁between ▁Mon roe ▁and ▁Washington , ▁D . C ., ▁to ▁lo bb y ▁to ▁have ▁the ▁law ▁over turn ed . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁Mon roe ▁sold ▁the ▁utility ▁plant ▁to ▁Louisiana ▁Power ▁& ▁Light . ▁ ▁Mon roe ▁faced ▁financial ▁problems ▁in ▁both ▁the ▁Howard ▁and ▁T roy ▁administr ations . ▁In ▁ 1 9 |
7 5 , ▁the ▁municipality , ▁then ▁under ▁the ▁previous ▁city ▁commission ▁form ▁of ▁government , ▁paid ▁b ills ▁by ▁sh ifting ▁money ▁from ▁one ▁account ▁to ▁another ▁while ▁await ing ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁reven ues . ▁By ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁Mon roe ▁was ▁making ▁pay ments ▁only ▁because ▁of ▁year - end ▁re venue ▁collections . ▁On ▁September ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁by ▁which ▁time ▁Howard ▁had ▁returned ▁to ▁office , ▁Mon roe ▁received ▁national ▁attention ▁when ▁it ▁could ▁not ▁meet ▁its ▁pay roll ▁of ▁$ 1 6 7 , 3 2 0 . 3 6 . ▁Rel ief ▁quickly ▁came ▁in ▁a ▁check ▁to ▁the ▁city ▁from ▁the ▁state ▁government , ▁signed ▁by ▁Governor ▁Ed win ▁Edwards . ▁ ▁C iting ▁family ▁financial ▁oblig ations , ▁T roy ▁did ▁not ▁seek ▁re e lection ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁the ▁more ▁conserv ative ▁Jack ▁Howard , ▁whom ▁T roy ▁had ▁un se ated ▁four ▁years ▁earlier . ▁But ▁Howard ▁would ▁not ▁complete ▁his ▁final ▁term . ▁Under ▁T roy , ▁vot ers ▁rejected ▁a ▁plan ▁to ▁establish ▁the ▁since ▁approved ▁mayor – c oun cil ▁form ▁of ▁municipal ▁government . ▁T roy ▁had ▁then ▁argued ▁that ▁his ▁city ▁" has ▁just ▁got ▁to ▁face ▁up ▁that ▁we ▁need ▁a ▁more ▁modern ▁and ▁respons ive ▁form ▁of ▁government ▁than ▁that ▁under ▁which ▁we ▁are ▁operating ▁now ▁... ▁There ▁is ▁waste ▁because ▁of ▁need |
less ▁dup lication ▁of ▁executive ▁functions ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁an ▁inher ent ▁lack ▁of ▁representation ▁of ▁all ▁elements ▁of ▁the ▁community ▁because ▁[ there ▁are ] ▁three ▁people ▁[ under ▁the ▁city ▁commission ▁form ▁of ▁government ] ▁elected ▁at - large ▁to ▁do ▁all ▁the ▁functions ▁of ▁government ." ▁ ▁Meanwhile , ▁T roy ▁returned ▁to ▁T roy ▁and ▁Nich ols , ▁Inc ., ▁a ▁mort g age ▁and ▁ins urance ▁business ▁begun ▁in ▁Mon roe ▁by ▁his ▁father . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁T roy ▁sold ▁his ▁share ▁of ▁the ▁business ▁and ▁re located ▁to ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁coast ▁at ▁Wil ming ton , ▁North ▁Carolina . ▁ ▁T roy ▁was ▁listed ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁as ▁a ▁don or ▁to ▁U . S . ▁Senator ▁Russell ▁B . ▁Long , ▁who ▁won ▁his ▁last ▁term ▁that ▁year ▁by ▁defe ating ▁then - D em ocrat , ▁later ▁Republican , ▁Wo ody ▁Jenkins . ▁T roy ▁later ▁contributed ▁to ▁the ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Democratic ▁Party . ▁He ▁served ▁briefly ▁as ▁the ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁in ▁New ▁Han over ▁County ▁in ▁Wil ming ton . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁he ▁helped ▁to ▁manage ▁the ▁un success ful ▁Democratic ▁campaign ▁w aged ▁by ▁the ▁African ▁American ▁Har vey ▁G ant t , ▁a ▁former ▁mayor ▁of ▁Charlotte ▁running ▁against ▁Republican ▁U . S . ▁Senator ▁J esse ▁Hel ms . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁he ▁worked ▁in ▁the ▁successful ▁re e lection ▁campaign |
▁of ▁a ▁Hel ms ▁nem esis , ▁Governor ▁James ▁B . ▁H unt , ▁Jr . ▁ ▁Death ▁T roy ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁the ▁former ▁Frances ▁" Fran cie " ▁Warner , ▁a ▁native ▁of ▁Look out ▁Mountain , ▁Tennessee , ▁moved ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁to ▁Bo one , ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁to ▁live ▁in ▁the ▁App al ach ian ▁Mountains . ▁There ▁they ▁remained ▁until ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁He ▁was ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁Un itar ian ▁Universal ist ▁Fellow ship . ▁S ources ▁also ▁indicate ▁that ▁they ▁lived ▁in ▁B low ing ▁Rock ▁and ▁R ale igh , ▁North ▁Carolina . ▁In ▁the ▁last ▁months ▁of ▁his ▁life , ▁the ▁Tro ys ▁lived ▁in ▁Hend erson ville . ▁There ▁he ▁died ▁of ▁cancer ▁at ▁the ▁Elizabeth ▁House ▁H osp ice ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁sevent y - e ight . ▁ ▁The ▁Tro ys ▁have ▁four ▁children , ▁Pam ela ▁and ▁Joan ▁T roy , ▁Ralph ▁T roy , ▁Jr . ▁( known ▁as ▁Tal bot ▁T roy ), ▁and ▁Josh ua ▁T roy , ▁and ▁two ▁grand children , ▁W illa ▁and ▁Tal ia . ▁He ▁has ▁one ▁surv iving ▁brother , ▁Nat ▁T roy . ▁The ▁ob itu ary ▁indicates ▁that ▁a ▁mem orial ▁service ▁would ▁be ▁held ▁at ▁a ▁later ▁date . ▁ ▁Tal bot ▁T roy , ▁said ▁that ▁his ▁father ▁" c ared ▁deeply ▁about ▁his ▁community , ▁wherever ▁he ▁lived . |
▁He ▁was ▁a ▁great ▁influence ▁on ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁people . ▁He ▁c ared ▁deeply ▁about ▁doing ▁a ▁good ▁job ▁for ▁the ▁city ▁[ of ▁Mon roe ]. ▁He ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁politician ▁really , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁very ▁compet ent ▁public ▁servant . ▁A bove ▁all , ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁person ▁who ▁wanted ▁to ▁serve ▁and ▁believed ▁in ▁hon esty , ▁integrity , ▁and ▁fair ness ." ▁T roy ' s ▁ob itu ary ▁indicates ▁that ▁he ▁" ch ampion ed ▁causes ▁for ▁equality , ▁fair ness ▁and ▁justice ▁particularly ▁for ▁those ▁in ▁tradition ally ▁dis adv ant aged ▁groups ▁and ▁vict ims ▁of ▁opp ression . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁death s ▁Category : S ew ane e : ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁South ▁al umn i ▁Category : T ul ane ▁University ▁Law ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : May ors ▁of ▁Mon roe , ▁Louisiana ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁Wil ming ton , ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁R ale igh , ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Hend erson ville , ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Category : Louis iana ▁Democr ats ▁Category : N orth ▁Carolina ▁Democr ats ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Louisiana ▁Category : American ▁bank ers ▁Category : American ▁Unit ari ans ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁cancer ▁in ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁R ale igh , ▁North ▁Carolina <0x0A> </s> ▁{{ |
T ax obox ▁| ▁image ▁= ▁Mal ay _ Arch ip el ago _ horn ed _ f lies . jpg ▁| ▁image _ caption ▁= ▁P . ▁cer vic orn is , ▁P . ▁w alle cia , ▁P . ▁bre vic orn is , ▁P . ▁alc ic orn is ▁| ▁reg num ▁= ▁Animal ia ▁| ▁ph yl um ▁= ▁Ar th rop oda ▁| ▁class is ▁= ▁In sect a ▁| ▁or do ▁= ▁D ip tera ▁| ▁zo ose ct io ▁= ▁Sch iz op hora ▁| ▁zo os ub sect io ▁= ▁A cal y ptr ata e ▁| ▁super famil ia ▁= ▁Te ph rito idea ▁| ▁familia ▁= ▁Te ph rit idae ▁| ▁genus ▁= ▁Ph yt alm ia | ▁genus _ author ity ▁= ▁Ger st ae cker , ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁| ▁sub div ision _ ran ks ▁= ▁Species ▁| ▁sub div ision ▁= ▁ ▁| ▁syn onym s ▁= ▁* ▁Arch i ph yt alm ia ▁End er lein , ▁ 1 9 3 6 ▁ ▁Ela ph omy ia ▁Sau nd ers , ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁}} Ph yt alm ia '' ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁te ph rit id ▁or ▁fruit ▁f lies ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Te ph rit idae . ▁The ▁males ▁of ▁some ▁species ▁are ▁noted ▁for ▁their ▁horn like ▁pro jections ▁on ▁their ▁heads , ▁which ▁are ▁used ▁for ▁fighting . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Ph yt al mi inae ▁Category |
: Te ph rit idae ▁gener a ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Carl ▁Edu ard ▁Ad olph ▁Ger st ae cker <0x0A> </s> ▁Lan ús ▁is ▁a ▁partido ▁in ▁Buenos ▁Aires ▁Province , ▁Argentina , ▁at ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁Gran ▁Buenos ▁Aires ▁urban ▁con gl omer ate ▁neighbour ing ▁Buenos ▁Aires ▁city . ▁▁ ▁The ▁partido ▁has ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁, ▁and ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 4 5 3 , 5 0 0 ▁( ). ▁Its ▁capital ▁is ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Lan ús . ▁ ▁Lan ús ▁Partido ▁is ▁connected ▁to ▁the ▁Buenos ▁Aires ▁city ▁across ▁the ▁Valent ín ▁Als ina ▁Bridge ▁over ▁the ▁R ia ch uel o ▁River . ▁The ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁partido ▁comes ▁from ▁the ▁former ▁land ▁owner ▁An ac ars ís ▁Lan ús , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁pione er ▁in ▁the ▁urban ization ▁of ▁the ▁area . ▁ ▁Sports ▁The ▁partido ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁Club ▁Atl ético ▁Lan ús , ▁a ▁football ▁club ▁playing ▁in ▁the ▁Argent ine ▁Primera ▁Division . ▁ ▁District s ▁Ger li ▁Lan ús ▁( s ometimes ▁sub div ided ▁into ▁Lan ús ▁Este ▁and ▁Lan ús ▁O este ) ▁Monte ▁Ch ing olo ▁Rem ed ios ▁de ▁Es cal ada ▁Valent ín ▁Als ina ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Website ▁of ▁Club ▁Atl ético ▁Lan ús ▁ ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁Lan ús ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Part idos ▁of ▁Buenos ▁Aires ▁Province ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Argentina <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁H unn ic ▁language |
, ▁or ▁H unn ish , ▁was ▁the ▁language ▁spoken ▁by ▁H uns ▁in ▁the ▁H unn ic ▁Empire , ▁a ▁heter ogeneous , ▁multi - eth nic ▁trib al ▁conf eder ation ▁which ▁ruled ▁much ▁of ▁Eastern ▁Europe ▁and ▁inv aded ▁the ▁West ▁during ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁and ▁ 5 th ▁centuries . ▁A ▁variety ▁of ▁languages ▁were ▁spoken ▁within ▁the ▁Hun ▁Empire . ▁A ▁contemporary ▁report ▁by ▁Pr is cus ▁has ▁that ▁H unn ish ▁was ▁spoken ▁alongside ▁Goth ic ▁and ▁the ▁languages ▁of ▁other ▁tribes ▁sub j ug ated ▁by ▁the ▁H uns . ▁ ▁As ▁no ▁ins cri ptions ▁or ▁whole ▁sentences ▁in ▁the ▁H unn ic ▁language ▁have ▁been ▁preserved , ▁written ▁evidence ▁for ▁the ▁language ▁is ▁very ▁limited , ▁consisting ▁almost ▁entirely ▁of ▁proper ▁names ▁in ▁Greek ▁and ▁Latin ▁sources . ▁ ▁The ▁H unn ic ▁language ▁cannot ▁be ▁class ified ▁at ▁present , ▁but ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁origin ▁of ▁these ▁proper ▁names ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁compared ▁mainly ▁with ▁Turk ic , ▁Mong ol ic ▁and ▁Y en ise ian ▁languages . ▁Many ▁sch ol ars ▁consider ▁the ▁available ▁evidence ▁incon clus ive . ▁ ▁Cor pus ▁Contempor ary ▁obser vers ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁H uns , ▁such ▁as ▁Pr is cus ▁and ▁the ▁ 6 th ▁century ▁historian ▁Jord anes , ▁preserved ▁three ▁words ▁of ▁the ▁language ▁of ▁the ▁H uns : ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁words ▁med os , ▁a ▁be verage ▁a kin ▁to ▁me ad , ▁kam os , ▁a ▁bar ley ▁drink , |
▁and ▁stra va , ▁a ▁fun eral ▁fe ast , ▁are ▁of ▁Ind o - Europe an ▁origin . ▁They ▁may ▁be ▁of ▁S lav ic , ▁but ▁also ▁German ic ▁and ▁Iran ian ▁origin . ▁Ma en chen - H elf en ▁argued ▁that ▁stra va ▁may ▁have ▁come ▁from ▁an ▁inform ant ▁who ▁spoke ▁S lav ic . ▁ ▁All ▁other ▁information ▁on ▁the ▁H unn ic ▁language ▁is ▁contained ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁personal ▁and ▁trib al ▁names . ▁ ▁Possible ▁affili ations ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁waves ▁of ▁nom adic ▁pe op les ▁who ▁swe pt ▁into ▁Eastern ▁Europe , ▁are ▁known ▁to ▁have ▁spoken ▁languages ▁from ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁families . ▁Several ▁propos als ▁for ▁the ▁aff in ities ▁of ▁H unn ic ▁have ▁been ▁made . ▁ ▁Un class ifiable ▁Given ▁the ▁small ▁cor pus , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁sch ol ars ▁hold ▁the ▁H unn ic ▁language ▁to ▁be ▁un class ifiable . ▁And rás ▁R ón a - T as ▁notes ▁that ▁" the ▁very ▁sc ant ▁sources ▁of ▁information ▁are ▁often ▁mut ually ▁contradict ory ." ▁ ▁Al ta ic ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁histor ians ▁and ▁lingu ists ▁including ▁Karl ▁Heinrich ▁M eng es , ▁and ▁O mel jan ▁P rit sak ▁feel ▁that ▁the ▁proper ▁names ▁only ▁allow ▁the ▁H unn ic ▁language ▁to ▁be ▁position ed ▁in ▁relationship ▁to ▁the ▁Al ta ic ▁language ▁group . ▁Although ▁M eng es ▁was ▁reserved ▁towards ▁the ▁language ▁evidence , ▁his ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁H uns |
▁was ▁that ▁" there ▁are ▁eth n ological ▁reasons ▁for ▁considering ▁them ▁Turk ic ▁or ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁Tur ks ". ▁As ▁further ▁possibilities , ▁M eng es ▁suggests ▁that ▁the ▁H uns ▁could ▁have ▁spoken ▁a ▁Mong ol ian ▁or ▁T ung us ic ▁language , ▁or ▁possibly ▁a ▁language ▁between ▁Mong ol ian ▁and ▁Turk ic . ▁P rit sak ▁analyz ed ▁ 3 3 ▁surv iving ▁H unn ic ▁personal ▁names ▁and ▁concluded : ▁" It ▁was ▁not ▁a ▁Turk ic ▁language , ▁but ▁one ▁between ▁Turk ic ▁and ▁Mong ol ian , ▁probably ▁closer ▁to ▁the ▁former ▁than ▁the ▁latter . ▁The ▁language ▁had ▁strong ▁t ies ▁to ▁Bulgar ▁language ▁and ▁to ▁modern ▁Ch uv ash , ▁but ▁also ▁had ▁some ▁important ▁connections , ▁especially ▁lex ical ▁and ▁morph ological , ▁to ▁Ott oman ▁Turkish ▁and ▁Y ak ut ". ▁ ▁Otto ▁Ma en chen - H elf en ▁arg ues ▁that ▁many ▁trib al ▁and ▁proper ▁names ▁among ▁the ▁H uns ▁appear ▁to ▁have ▁origin ated ▁in ▁Turk ic ▁languages , ▁indicating ▁that ▁the ▁language ▁was ▁Turk ic . ▁Hy un ▁Jin ▁Kim ▁similarly ▁concluded ▁that ▁it ▁" se ems ▁highly ▁likely ▁then ▁from ▁the ▁names ▁that ▁we ▁do ▁know , ▁most ▁of ▁which ▁seem ▁to ▁be ▁Turk ic , ▁that ▁the ▁H unn ic ▁el ite ▁was ▁pre domin antly ▁Turk ic - spe aking ". ▁Den is ▁Sin or , ▁while ▁ske pt ical ▁of ▁our ▁ability ▁to ▁class ify ▁H unn ic ▁as ▁a ▁whole |
, ▁states ▁that ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁H unn ish ▁el ite ▁likely ▁spoke ▁Turk ic , ▁though ▁he ▁notes ▁that ▁some ▁H unn ic ▁names ▁cannot ▁be ▁Turk ic ▁in ▁origin . ▁The ▁historian ▁Peter ▁He ather , ▁while ▁he ▁supported ▁the ▁Turk ic ▁hypothesis ▁as ▁the ▁" best ▁guess " ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁has ▁since ▁vo iced ▁ske ptic ism , ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁saying ▁that ▁" the ▁truth ▁is ▁that ▁we ▁don ' t ▁know ▁what ▁language ▁the ▁H uns ▁spoke , ▁and ▁probably ▁never ▁will ". ▁Today , ▁the ▁Al ta ic ▁language ▁group ▁is ▁almost ▁univers ally ▁dis cred ited , ▁with ▁only ▁a ▁hand ful ▁of ▁lingu ists ▁supporting ▁it . ▁ ▁Y en ise ian ▁Some ▁sch ol ars ▁– ▁most ▁not ably ▁La jos ▁Lig eti ▁( 1 9 5 0 / 5 1 ) ▁and ▁Ed win ▁G . ▁Pul ley blank ▁( 1 9 6 2 ) ▁– ▁have ▁claimed ▁that ▁languages ▁of ▁Si ber ia , ▁especially ▁K et ▁– ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Y en ise ian ▁language ▁family ▁– ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁a ▁major ▁source ▁( or ▁perhaps ▁even ▁the ▁lingu istic ▁core ) ▁of ▁the ▁X ion gnu ▁and / or ▁H unn ic ▁languages . ▁First ▁proposed ▁by ▁Ed win ▁G . ▁Pul ley blank , ▁the ▁theory ▁that ▁the ▁X ion gnu ▁language ▁belonged ▁to ▁the ▁Y en ise ian ▁languages ▁was ▁rein for ced ▁by ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁the ▁Kot |
▁and ▁P ump ok ol ▁word ▁lists , ▁which ▁Alexander ▁V ov in ▁used ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁more ▁accurate ▁reconst ruction . ▁Hy un ▁Jin ▁Kim ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁proposed ▁that ▁the ▁H uns ▁experienced ▁a ▁language ▁f lip ▁like ▁the ▁Ch ag ata i ▁Khan ate , ▁switching ▁from ▁Y en ise ian ▁to ▁O gh ur ic ▁Turk ic ▁after ▁absor bing ▁the ▁D ing ling ▁or ▁T iele ▁pe op les . ▁ ▁V aj da ▁( et ▁al . ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁proposed ▁that ▁the ▁r uling ▁el ite ▁of ▁the ▁H uns ▁spoke ▁a ▁Y en ise ian ▁language ▁and ▁influenced ▁other ▁languages ▁in ▁the ▁region . ▁The ▁Y en ise ian ▁people ▁were ▁likely ▁assim il ated ▁later ▁by ▁Turk ic ▁and ▁Mong ol ic ▁groups . ▁ ▁Ind o - Europe an ▁All ▁three ▁words ▁described ▁as ▁" H unn ic " ▁by ▁ancient ▁sources ▁appear ▁to ▁be ▁Ind o - Europe an . ▁ ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁sch ol ars ▁suggest ▁that ▁a ▁German ic ▁language , ▁possibly ▁Goth ic , ▁may ▁have ▁co ex isted ▁with ▁another ▁H unn ic ▁language ▁as ▁the ▁ling ua ▁fran ca ▁of ▁the ▁H unn ic ▁Empire . ▁Ma en chen - H elf en ▁suggests ▁that ▁the ▁words ▁med os ▁and ▁kam os ▁could ▁possibly ▁be ▁of ▁German ic ▁origin . ▁He ▁arg ues ▁that ▁Att ila , ▁B led a , ▁La ud ar icus , ▁On eg es ius |
, ▁ ▁R agn aris , ▁and ▁R uga ▁are ▁German ic , ▁while ▁He ather ▁also ▁includes ▁the ▁names ▁Scott as ▁and ▁Ber ich us . ▁Kim ▁questions ▁the ▁German ic ▁et ym ologies ▁of ▁R uga , ▁Att ila , ▁and ▁B led a , ▁arg uing ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁" more ▁probable ▁Turk ic ▁et ym ologies ." ▁Else where , ▁he ▁arg ues ▁that ▁the ▁German ic ization ▁of ▁H unn ic ▁names ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁a ▁conscious ▁policy ▁of ▁the ▁H unn ic ▁el ite ▁in ▁the ▁Western ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Empire . ▁ ▁Ma en chen - H elf en ▁also ▁class ified ▁some ▁names ▁as ▁having ▁roots ▁in ▁Iran ian . ▁Christopher ▁At wood ▁has ▁argued , ▁as ▁one ▁explanation ▁for ▁his ▁proposed ▁et ym ology ▁of ▁the ▁name ▁Hun ▁that , ▁" the ir ▁state ▁or ▁conf eder ation ▁must ▁be ▁seen ▁as ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁S og d ian / B ak tri an ▁[ I ran ian - spe aking ] ▁leadership ▁and ▁organization ". ▁ ▁Sub ject s ▁of ▁the ▁H uns ▁included ▁Iran ian - spe aking ▁Al ans ▁and ▁S arm ati ans , ▁Ma en chen - H elf en ▁arg ues ▁that ▁the ▁Iran ian ▁names ▁were ▁likely ▁borrow ed ▁from ▁the ▁Pers ians ▁and ▁finds ▁none ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁fifth ▁century ; ▁he ▁takes ▁this ▁to ▁mean ▁that ▁the ▁Al ans ▁had ▁little ▁influence ▁inside ▁of ▁Att ila ' s ▁emp ire . ▁Kim , ▁however , |
▁arg ues ▁for ▁a ▁considerable ▁presence ▁of ▁Iran ian - spe akers ▁among ▁the ▁H uns . ▁ ▁The ▁word ▁stra va ▁has ▁been ▁argued ▁to ▁be ▁of ▁S lav ic ▁origin ▁and ▁to ▁show ▁a ▁presence ▁of ▁S lav ic ▁speak ers ▁among ▁the ▁H uns . ▁Peter ▁He ather , ▁however , ▁arg ues ▁that ▁this ▁word ▁" is ▁certainly ▁a ▁very ▁sl ender ▁p eg ▁upon ▁which ▁to ▁hang ▁the ▁claim ▁that ▁otherwise ▁und ocument ed ▁S lav s ▁played ▁a ▁major ▁role ▁in ▁Att ila ' s ▁emp ire ". ▁In ▁the ▁nin ete enth ▁century , ▁some ▁Russian ▁sch ol ars ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁H uns ▁as ▁a ▁whole ▁had ▁spoken ▁a ▁S lav ic ▁language . ▁ ▁U ral ic ▁In ▁the ▁nin ete enth ▁century , ▁some ▁sch ol ars , ▁such ▁as ▁German ▁Sin ologist ▁Julius ▁Heinrich ▁K la pro th , ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁H uns ▁had ▁spoken ▁a ▁Fin no - U gr ic ▁language ▁and ▁connected ▁them ▁with ▁the ▁ancient ▁Hung ari ans . ▁ ▁Possible ▁script ▁It ▁is ▁possible ▁that ▁a ▁written ▁form ▁of ▁H unn ic ▁existed ▁and ▁may ▁yet ▁be ▁identified ▁from ▁artifact s . ▁Pr is cus ▁recorded ▁that ▁H unn ic ▁secret aries ▁read ▁out ▁names ▁of ▁fug it ives ▁from ▁a ▁written ▁list . ▁Franz ▁Al the im ▁considered ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁Greek ▁or ▁Latin , ▁but ▁a ▁script ▁like ▁the ▁Og ur ic ▁Turk ic ▁of ▁the ▁Bulg ars . ▁He ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁run |
es ▁were ▁brought ▁into ▁Europe ▁from ▁Central ▁Asia ▁by ▁the ▁H uns , ▁and ▁were ▁an ▁adapted ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁S og d ian ▁alphabet ▁in ▁the ▁H unn ic ▁( O gh ur ▁Turk ic ) ▁language . ▁Zach arias ▁Rh et or ▁wrote ▁that ▁in ▁ 5 0 7 / 5 0 8 ▁AD , ▁Bishop ▁Q ard ust ▁of ▁Ar ran ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁land ▁of ▁the ▁C au cas ian ▁H uns ▁for ▁seven ▁years , ▁and ▁returned ▁with ▁books ▁written ▁in ▁the ▁H unn ic ▁language . ▁There ▁is ▁some ▁debate ▁as ▁to ▁whether ▁a ▁X ion gnu - X ian bei ▁run ic ▁system ▁existed , ▁and ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁wider ▁E uras ian ▁script ▁which ▁gave ▁rise ▁to ▁the ▁Old ▁Turk ic ▁alphabet ▁in ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁century . ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Ext inct ▁languages ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : Ext inct ▁languages ▁of ▁Asia ▁Category : Un class ified ▁languages ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : Un class ified ▁languages ▁of ▁Asia ▁Category : L anguages ▁att ested ▁from ▁the ▁ 4 th ▁century ▁Category : L anguages ▁ext inct ▁in ▁the ▁ 6 th ▁century ▁Category : H uns <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Women ' s ▁European ▁Vol ley ball ▁League ▁was ▁the ▁fourth ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁annual ▁Women ' s ▁European ▁Vol ley ball ▁League , ▁which ▁featured ▁women ' s ▁national ▁vol ley ball ▁teams ▁from ▁twelve ▁European ▁countries . ▁A |
▁pre lim inary ▁league ▁round ▁was ▁played ▁from ▁June ▁ 1 ▁to ▁June ▁ 3 0 , ▁and ▁the ▁final ▁four ▁tournament , ▁which ▁was ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁on ▁July ▁ 5 – 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁league ▁round , ▁compet ing ▁nations ▁were ▁drawn ▁into ▁three ▁po ols ▁of ▁four ▁teams , ▁and ▁every ▁team ▁hosted ▁a ▁tournament ▁with ▁three ▁other ▁teams ▁and ▁playing ▁a ▁round - ro bin ▁system ▁over ▁three ▁days . ▁One ▁stand ings ▁table ▁was ▁used , ▁combined ▁with ▁all ▁four ▁tournament s . ▁The ▁Pool ▁w inners ▁and ▁the ▁best ▁runner ▁up ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁four ▁round , ▁joining ▁the ▁host ▁team . ▁If ▁the ▁final ▁four ▁host ▁team ▁finished ▁first ▁in ▁its ▁league ▁round ▁pool , ▁the ▁best ▁pool ▁run ners - up ▁qualified ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁four . ▁ ▁The ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁defeated ▁Bulg aria ▁ 3 – 0 ▁in ▁the ▁final . ▁ ▁Teams ▁ ▁League ▁round ▁ ▁Pool ▁A ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 1 ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁H ala ▁sport ova , ▁Sub ot ica , ▁Ser bia . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 2 ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁Sport max ▁ 2 , ▁Budapest , ▁Hung ary . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 3 ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁played ▁in ▁Pal au ▁d ' Es ports ▁de ▁Gran oll ers , ▁Gran oll ers , ▁Spain . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 4 ▁The ▁tournament |
▁was ▁played ▁in ▁S ala ▁Pol ivalent ă , ▁P iat ra ▁Ne am ț , ▁Roman ia . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Pool ▁B ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 1 ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁Palace ▁of ▁Culture ▁and ▁Sports , ▁V arna , ▁Bulg aria . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 2 ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁At at ür k ▁Sport ▁Hall , ▁Iz mir , ▁Turkey . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 3 ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁S alle ▁Om nis port ▁St . ▁Lé on ard , ▁F rib ourg , ▁Switzerland . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 4 ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁Complex e ▁St . ▁Sym ph or ien , ▁Met z , ▁France . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Pool ▁C ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 1 ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁M ě st ská ▁h ala ▁V od ová , ▁Br no , ▁Czech ▁Republic . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 2 ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁T ops port ▁Centre , ▁Al m ere , ▁Netherlands . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 3 ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁Met row est ▁Sport ▁Palace , ▁Ra ' an ana , ▁Israel . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Leg ▁ 4 ▁The ▁tournament ▁was ▁played ▁at ▁Ne o ▁Kle isto ▁Or esti ados , ▁Or esti ada , ▁Greece . ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Final ▁four ▁The ▁final ▁four ▁was ▁held ▁at ▁K V ▁Arena ▁in ▁Kar |
lov y ▁V ary , ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁on ▁July ▁ 5 / 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Qual ified ▁teams ▁▁ ▁( host ) ▁ ▁Sem if inals ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Third ▁place ▁match ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Final ▁ ▁| } ▁ ▁Final ▁standing ▁ ▁Awards ▁M VP : ▁ ▁An eta ▁Hav l í č k ová ▁Best ▁Sc orer : ▁ ▁El its a ▁Vas ile va ▁Best ▁Sp iker : ▁ ▁El its a ▁Vas ile va ▁Best ▁Server : ▁ ▁Dob ri ana ▁Rab ad zh ie va ▁Best ▁Block er : ▁ ▁Caroline ▁W ens ink ▁Best ▁Rece iver : ▁ ▁Hel ena ▁H avel k ová ▁Best ▁Set ter : ▁ ▁Maj a ▁O gn jen ović ▁Best ▁Liber o : ▁ ▁Jul ie ▁Jas ova ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Conf édération ▁Europ é enne ▁de ▁Vol ley ball ▁( CE V ) ▁– ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Europe an ▁Vol ley ball ▁League ▁European ▁Vol ley ball ▁League ▁Category : Intern ational ▁vol ley ball ▁compet itions ▁hosted ▁by ▁the ▁Czech ▁Republic <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁term ▁mang ling ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁name ▁mang ling ▁in ▁computer ▁software ▁ ▁using ▁a ▁m angle ▁as ▁a ▁la und ry ▁device ▁ ▁changing , ▁m util ating ▁or ▁dis fig uring ▁by ▁cutting , ▁te aring , ▁re arr anging ▁etc .: ▁see ▁w ikt : m angle <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Le ader ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁language ▁newspaper |
▁published ▁in ▁Orange , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁from ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁being ▁a ▁successor ▁to ▁the ▁Orange ▁Liberal . ▁It ▁began ▁briefly ▁as ▁The ▁Orange ▁Le ader , ▁then ▁The ▁Orange ▁Le ader ▁and ▁Mill th or pe ▁M essen ger ▁before ▁the ▁m ast head ▁became ▁The ▁Le ader ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁forty ▁years . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁Orange ▁Liberal ▁was ▁started ▁as ▁a ▁week ly ▁newspaper ▁about ▁ 4 ▁May ▁ 1 8 7 8 , ▁the ▁title ▁being ▁changed ▁to ▁The ▁Orange ▁Le ader ▁on ▁ 4 ▁October ▁ 1 8 9 0 . ▁The ▁paper ▁was ▁operated ▁from ▁prem ises ▁on ▁the ▁southern ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁For ester ’ s ▁Hall ▁in ▁L ords ▁Place , ▁the ▁Hall ▁being ▁the ▁only ▁building ▁to ▁separate ▁The ▁Orange ▁Le ader ▁and ▁its ▁rival ▁paper ▁the ▁Western ▁Adv oc ate . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 4 ▁the ▁poet ▁and ▁author ▁William ▁Good ge ▁became ▁propriet or ▁and ▁editor , ▁a ▁role ▁he ▁held ▁until ▁c 1 8 9 9 ▁when ▁he ▁left ▁Orange , ▁unable ▁to ▁pay ▁the ▁paper ’ s ▁deb ts . ▁Good ge ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁Ernest ▁Sho eb ridge ▁Car r . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 ▁January ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁the ▁paper ▁changed ▁its ▁title ▁to ▁The ▁Orange ▁Le ader ▁and ▁Mill th or pe ▁M essen ger ▁and ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁January ▁ 1 9 0 1 , ▁it ▁incorpor ated ▁the ▁Sun ▁which |
▁had ▁begun ▁publication ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 8 9 8 . ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁July ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁the ▁frequency ▁moved ▁from ▁bi - week ly ▁to ▁tri - week ly ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁the ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁The ▁Le ader . ▁Two ▁months ▁later ▁on ▁ 2 ▁September ▁ 1 9 0 1 ▁The ▁Le ader ▁became ▁a ▁daily . ▁ ▁When ▁Car r ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁Federal ▁ ▁Parliament ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁he ▁sold ▁the ▁business ▁to ▁Thomas ▁Cr ouch ▁from ▁the ▁Well ington ▁Gazette ▁to ▁conduct ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁newspaper ▁with ▁a ▁labor ▁lean ing . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁afterwards ▁Cr ouch ▁formed ▁a ▁partners hip ▁with ▁ ▁Jack ▁Por ter , ▁also ▁of ▁Well ington , ▁and ▁they ▁trad ed ▁as ▁Por ter ▁and ▁Cr ouch . ▁The ▁left - lean ing ▁paper ▁was ▁boy c otted , ▁especially ▁by ▁au ction e ers ▁who ▁would ▁not ▁advert ise ▁in ▁it ▁and ▁eventually ▁the ▁business ▁was ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁Cr ouch ’ s ▁mort g ag or ▁Mark ▁B em br ick , ▁also ▁of ▁Well ington . ▁ ▁B em br ick ▁dis posed ▁of ▁the ▁business ▁to ▁Per c ival ▁Stuart ▁Gar ling , ▁formerly ▁of ▁the ▁M ud ge e ▁Western ▁Post . ▁He ▁soon ▁had ▁The ▁Le ader ▁on ▁a ▁firm ▁foot ing ▁and ▁the ▁paper ▁was ▁recogn ised ▁as ▁a ▁first ▁class ▁advert ising ▁medium . ▁When ▁the ▁worry ▁of ▁business ▁became ▁too ▁great ▁B |
em br ick ▁rec ru ited ▁Ger ry ▁F lyn n ▁from ▁Car co ar ▁and ▁Harry ▁Leg go ▁from ▁Gil g andra ▁to ▁assist ▁him . ▁When ▁Gar ling ▁moved ▁to ▁Sydney ▁he ▁appointed ▁Harry ▁Leg go ▁as ▁manager ▁and ▁George ▁Bell ▁as ▁for eman . ▁A ▁few ▁years ▁later ▁the ▁business ▁was ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁F lyn n , ▁Leg go ▁and ▁Bell . ▁They ▁controlled ▁the ▁business ▁for ▁some ▁time ▁after ▁which ▁time ▁George ▁Bell ▁and ▁then ▁Ger ry ▁F lyn n ▁with d rew . ▁The ▁paper ▁was ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁Leg go ▁family ▁until ▁it ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁Western ▁New sp apers ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁▁ ▁Before ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁The ▁Le ader ▁and ▁its ▁rival ▁the ▁Western ▁Adv oc ate ▁were ▁daily ▁publications . ▁Because ▁of ▁a ▁short age ▁of ▁paper ▁and ▁man power , ▁it ▁was ▁decided ▁that ▁they ▁should ▁both ▁become ▁tri - week lies ▁from ▁August ▁ 1 9 1 5 . ▁Each ▁paper ’ s ▁publication ▁days ▁were ▁apparently ▁decided ▁on ▁the ▁toss ▁of ▁a ▁coin ; ▁The ▁Le ader ▁on ▁Mond ays , ▁Wed nes days ▁and ▁Frid ays ▁and ▁the ▁Adv oc ate ▁on ▁T ues days , ▁Th urs days ▁and ▁S atur days . ▁▁▁ ▁Such ▁was ▁local ▁concern ▁about ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁cas ual ties ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁that ▁The ▁Le ader ▁started ▁a ▁fund ra iser , ▁‘ The ▁Le ader ’ s ▁A cre ’ ▁calling ▁on ▁local ▁far |
mers ▁and ▁orch ard ists ▁to ▁don ate ▁money ▁received ▁from ▁one ▁a cre ▁of ▁their ▁cro ps ▁to ▁support ▁wounded ▁soldiers ▁on ▁their ▁return ▁from ▁the ▁tren ches . ▁Loc als ▁were ▁quick ▁to ▁respond , ▁offering ▁an ▁acres ’ ▁prof its ▁to ▁the ▁cause . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 ▁July ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁Western ▁New sp apers ▁P ty ▁Ltd ▁bought ▁The ▁Le ader ▁from ▁the ▁Leg go ▁family ▁and ▁the ▁Orange ▁Adv oc ate ▁from ▁George ▁Thompson . ▁On ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁the ▁first ▁edition ▁of ▁the ▁Central ▁Western ▁Daily ▁was ▁issued ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁mer ger ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁papers . ▁ ▁Dig it isation ▁ ▁Some ▁issues ▁of ▁the ▁paper ▁have ▁been ▁digit ised ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Australian ▁New sp apers ▁Dig it isation ▁Program ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Library ▁of ▁Australia . ▁The ▁ 1 0 ▁million th ▁newspaper ▁page ▁made ▁available ▁through ▁the ▁service ▁was ▁the ▁ 3 1 ▁July ▁ 1 9 1 5 ▁front ▁page ▁of ▁The ▁Le ader . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁newsp apers ▁in ▁Australia ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁newsp apers ▁in ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Def unct ▁newsp apers ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁Category : City ▁of ▁Orange ▁Category : 1 8 9 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁dis est ab lish ments ▁in ▁Australia ▁Category : New sp apers ▁on ▁Tro ve <0x0A> </s> ▁Tom ▁Kennedy |
▁( c . ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁– ▁December ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁film ▁tra iler ▁producer , ▁film ▁director , ▁voice - over ▁artist , ▁author , ▁writer ▁and ▁film ▁editor . ▁ ▁Kennedy ▁was ▁raised ▁in ▁the ▁Bron x , ▁New ▁York ▁City , ▁and ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁School ▁of ▁Visual ▁Arts ▁in ▁Manh attan , ▁where ▁he ▁studied ▁film . ▁ ▁Kennedy ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁editor ▁for ▁the ▁P BS ▁children ' s ▁show , ▁Big ▁Blue ▁Mar ble , ▁during ▁his ▁early ▁career . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁he ▁moved ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁to ▁Los ▁Angeles . ▁ ▁He ▁soon ▁became ▁a ▁project ▁director , ▁editor ▁and ▁writer ▁for ▁became ▁the ▁K ale idos cope ▁Films , ▁one ▁of ▁Hollywood ' s ▁major ▁cre ators ▁of ▁film ▁tra ilers . ▁Kennedy ▁o vers aw ▁the ▁audi ovis ual ▁cre ative ▁advert ising ▁for ▁the ▁clients ▁of ▁K ale idos cope ▁Film ▁and ▁worked ▁on ▁the ▁advert ising ▁campaign s ▁for ▁numerous ▁films ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s , ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁His ▁port folio ▁at ▁K ale idos cope ▁included ▁The ▁Empire ▁St rik es ▁Back , ▁Return ▁of ▁the ▁J edi , ▁Indiana ▁Jones ▁and ▁the ▁Temple ▁of ▁Do om , ▁Indiana ▁Jones ▁and ▁the ▁Last ▁Cr us ade , ▁The ▁Term in ator , ▁The ▁Year ▁of ▁Living ▁D |
anger ously , ▁Star ▁Tre k : ▁The ▁Mot ion ▁Picture , ▁Star ▁Tre k ▁II : ▁The ▁W r ath ▁of ▁Khan , ▁Star ▁Tre k ▁III : ▁The ▁Search ▁for ▁Spo ck ▁and ▁Star ▁Tre k ▁IV : ▁The ▁Vo y age ▁Home . ▁ ▁Kennedy ▁directed ▁one ▁feature ▁film , ▁Time ▁Walker , ▁a ▁low ▁budget ▁movie ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁by ▁New ▁World ▁Entertainment , ▁which ▁was ▁owned ▁by ▁Roger ▁C orm an . ▁ ▁Kennedy ▁left ▁K ale idos cope ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁and ▁joined ▁C imar ron / B acon / O ' B rien ▁that ▁same ▁year ▁as ▁a ▁partner ▁and ▁executive ▁producer ▁in ▁the ▁firm . ▁Kennedy ▁o vers aw ▁the ▁audi ovis ual ▁advert ising ▁and ▁film ▁tra iler ▁campaign s ▁at ▁C imar ron / B acon / O ' B rien ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁major ▁studio ▁films ▁Basic ▁Inst inct , ▁Home ▁Al one , ▁Home ▁Al one ▁ 2 , ▁Un f org iven , ▁The ▁M ask , ▁Get ▁Short y , ▁True ▁L ies ▁and ▁Bro ken ▁Ar row . ▁ ▁Kennedy ▁became ▁the ▁senior ▁Vice ▁President ▁of ▁cre ative ▁advert ising ▁at ▁M GM / U A ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁He ▁o vers aw ▁the ▁rela unch ▁of ▁the ▁James ▁Bond ▁film ▁franch ise , ▁beginning ▁with ▁Tom orrow ▁Never ▁Dies ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁He ▁further ▁established ▁his ▁own |
▁production ▁studio , ▁Techn ical ▁Kno ck ▁Out ▁Pictures , ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Additionally , ▁Kennedy ▁performed ▁voice ▁over ▁work ▁for ▁numerous ▁film ▁tra ilers ▁and ▁prom os ▁for ▁television ▁networks , ▁including ▁Show time ▁and ▁ABC . ▁ ▁Tom ▁Kennedy ▁died ▁in ▁West ▁Hills , ▁California , ▁on ▁December ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 6 3 . ▁He ▁was ▁surv ived ▁by ▁his ▁three ▁children : ▁J esse ▁Kennedy , ▁a ▁film ▁producer ; ▁Sh ane ▁Kennedy , ▁a ▁music ian ; ▁and ▁Sam anth a ▁Kennedy , ▁an ▁actress ; ▁and ▁three ▁grand children . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 1 ▁death s ▁Category : Fil m ▁commercial ▁direct ors ▁Category : American ▁film ▁studio ▁execut ives ▁Category : American ▁film ▁edit ors ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁uncertain ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁the ▁Bron x ▁Category : Sch ool ▁of ▁Visual ▁Arts ▁al umn i ▁Category : De ath ▁in ▁California ▁Category : Fil m ▁direct ors ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : Fil m ▁direct ors ▁from ▁Los ▁Angeles <0x0A> </s> ▁Arthur ▁Li ▁K w ok - che ung , ▁GB M , ▁G BS ▁J P ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 2 7 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 5 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁doctor ▁and ▁politician . ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Executive ▁Council ▁of ▁the ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Special ▁Administr ative ▁Region ▁and ▁the ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁of |
▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁( H K U ). ▁He ▁was ▁Vice - Ch an cell or ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁University ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁( C U H K ) ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁and ▁Secretary ▁for ▁Education ▁and ▁Man power ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Li ’ s ▁dict atorial ▁and ▁r uth less ▁leadership ▁style ▁led ▁some ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁him ▁as ▁" K ing ▁Arthur " ▁and ▁even ▁" the ▁Ts ar ". ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁grand son ▁of ▁the ▁co - found er ▁of ▁the ▁Bank ▁of ▁East ▁Asia , ▁Li ▁K oon - ch un , ▁and ▁brother ▁of ▁its ▁current ▁chairman , ▁David ▁Li . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁career ▁Li ▁was ▁born ▁into ▁the ▁prominent ▁Li ▁family . ▁His ▁grand father , ▁Li ▁K oon - ch un , ▁was ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁Bank ▁of ▁East ▁Asia . ▁His ▁father , ▁Li ▁F ook - sh u , ▁was ▁the ▁uno fficial ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Executive ▁Council ▁and ▁Legisl ative ▁Council . ▁His ▁brother , ▁David ▁Li ▁K w ok - po , ▁succeeded ▁his ▁father ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Bank ▁of ▁East ▁Asia ▁and ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Legisl ative ▁Council . ▁ ▁An ▁al umn us ▁of ▁St . ▁Paul ' s ▁Co - ed uc ational ▁College ▁and ▁a ▁class mate ▁of ▁Professor ▁Lawrence ▁J . ▁Lau , ▁Li ▁received ▁his ▁medical ▁training ▁at ▁the |
▁University ▁of ▁Cambridge . ▁He ▁was ▁subsequently ▁trained ▁at ▁M idd les ex ▁Hospital ▁Medical ▁School ▁and ▁Harvard ▁Medical ▁School , ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁found ing ▁chairman ▁of ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁S urg ery ▁and ▁Dean ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Medicine ▁at ▁the ▁Chinese ▁University ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong . ▁▁ ▁Li ' s ▁ten ure ▁as ▁Secretary ▁for ▁Education ▁and ▁Man power ▁was ▁marked ▁by ▁an ▁era ▁of ▁education ▁re forms ▁that ▁included ▁the ▁School - B ased ▁Management ▁Policy . ▁Since ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁the ▁Education ▁and ▁Man power ▁Bureau ▁has ▁implemented ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁mand ates , ▁including ▁having ▁teachers ▁spend ▁more ▁time ▁with ▁students ▁outside ▁the ▁class room , ▁adding ▁ex ams ▁for ▁subjects ▁such ▁as ▁English ▁and ▁history , ▁and ▁ordering ▁that ▁teachers ▁take ▁benchmark ▁assess ments ▁to ▁prove ▁their ▁language ▁ab ilities . ▁Li ▁ost ens ibly ▁retired ▁from ▁public ▁service ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁role , ▁he ▁caused ▁controvers y ▁by ▁propos ing ▁mer gers ▁first ▁between ▁Chinese ▁University ▁and ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology , ▁and ▁later ▁between ▁Chinese ▁University ▁and ▁the ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Institute ▁of ▁Education . ▁ ▁Li ' s ▁appointment ▁by ▁C Y ▁Le ung ▁to ▁the ▁gover ning ▁board ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁has ▁been ▁met ▁with ▁strong ▁criticism , ▁particularly ▁from ▁academic ▁staff ▁( most ly ▁pro - dem ocr ats ): ▁a ▁poll ▁has ▁shown |
▁most ▁to ▁have ▁little ▁to ▁no ▁confidence ▁that ▁Li ▁will ▁u ph old ▁academic ▁freedom . ▁Further , ▁Li ' s ▁general ▁attitude ▁towards ▁staff ▁has ▁been ▁said ▁to ▁be ▁' host ile ' ▁and ▁' crit ical '. ▁ ▁Six ▁months ▁later , ▁when ▁it ▁became ▁known ▁that ▁Li ▁was ▁likely ▁to ▁take ▁over ▁the ▁chair mans hip ▁of ▁the ▁Council ▁upon ▁the ▁exp iry ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁of ▁Edward ▁Le ong ▁on ▁ 6 ▁November , ▁there ▁was ▁further ▁strong ▁opposition , ▁with ▁ 8 7 ▁percent ▁of ▁members ▁of ▁H K U ▁Academ ic ▁Staff ▁Association ▁and ▁almost ▁three - quarters ▁of ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Professional ▁Te ach ers ▁Union ▁opposed , ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁st ance ▁during ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁pro - vice - chan cell or ▁selection ▁controvers y . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Li ▁was ▁re app oint ed ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁three - year ▁term ▁to ▁the ▁Council . ▁His ▁re app oint ment ▁el ic ited ▁criticism ▁from ▁the ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁University ▁Stud ents ' ▁Union . ▁Academ ic ▁Staff ▁Association ▁chairman ▁William ▁Che ung ▁Sing - w ai ▁expressed ▁that ▁" there ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁ch illing ▁effect " ▁during ▁Li ' s ▁ten ure . ▁ ▁Re putation ▁ ▁His ▁leadership ▁style ▁has ▁seen ▁him ▁being ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁" K ing ▁Arthur " ▁or ▁even ▁" the ▁Ts ar ". ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁D iana ▁Ch ester , ▁a ▁registered |
▁nur se ▁and ▁gradu ate ▁of ▁New ▁Hall ▁College , ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁who ▁died ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁He ▁has ▁two ▁sons . ▁ ▁App oint ments ▁Before ▁his ▁appointment , ▁Li ▁was ▁Vice - Ch an cell or ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁University ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁( C U H K ), ▁as ▁well ▁as : ▁ ▁Professor ▁of ▁S urg ery ▁and ▁Dean ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Medicine , ▁C U H K ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Education ▁Commission ▁and ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Committee ▁on ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Hospital ▁Author ity ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Medical ▁Council ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁Gr ants ▁Committee ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Sur ge ons ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Hospital ▁G over ning ▁Committee ▁of ▁United ▁Christian ▁Hospital , ▁K w un ▁T ong , ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁direct ors ▁of ▁the ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁Park s ▁Corporation ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁the ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁App lied ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁Research ▁Institute ▁ ▁Vice - Pres ident ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁of ▁University ▁pres idents ▁of ▁China ▁ ▁Pat ron ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁College ▁of ▁Sur ge ons ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain ▁and ▁Ireland ▁ ▁Reg ent ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁College ▁of ▁Sur ge ons ▁of ▁Edinburgh ▁ ▁Honor ary ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁S urg ical ▁Association ▁ ▁Hon ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁America ▁College ▁of ▁Sur ge ons ▁ ▁Hon ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the |
▁Royal ▁College ▁of ▁Sur ge ons ▁of ▁Ireland ▁and ▁Glasgow ▁ ▁Hon ▁Fellow ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Society ▁of ▁Medicine ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Polit ics ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁ ▁Executive ▁Council ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁ ▁Four ▁big ▁families ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁ ▁School - B ased ▁Management ▁Policy ▁ ▁University ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁pro - vice - chan cell or ▁selection ▁controvers y ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Arthur ▁Li ▁profile ▁at ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Government ▁website ▁( archive ) ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : A cadem ics ▁of ▁Chinese ▁University ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁King ' s ▁College , ▁Cambridge ▁Category : G overn ment ▁officials ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Category : Har vard ▁Medical ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : H ong ▁Kong ▁academ ics ▁Category : H ong ▁Kong ▁do ctors ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Committee ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁People ' s ▁Political ▁Cons ult ative ▁Conference ▁Category : Med ical ▁educ ators ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Executive ▁Council ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Category : V ice - Ch an cell ors ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁University ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Category : Re cip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁Bau hin ia ▁Medal ▁Category : Re cip ients ▁of ▁the ▁Gold ▁Bau hin ia ▁Star ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Pre par atory ▁Committee ▁for ▁the ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Special ▁Administr ative ▁Region ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Selection ▁Committee ▁of ▁Hong |
▁Kong ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁E lection ▁Committee ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong , ▁ 1 9 9 8 – 2 0 0 0 ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁E lection ▁Committee ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong , ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 2 0 0 5 ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁E lection ▁Committee ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong , ▁ 2 0 1 2 – 2 0 1 7 ▁Category : H ong ▁Kong ▁Basic ▁Law ▁Cons ult ative ▁Committee ▁members ▁Category : New ▁Hong ▁Kong ▁Alliance ▁polit icians ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁St . ▁Paul ' s ▁Co - ed uc ational ▁College ▁Category : Li ▁family ▁of ▁Hong ▁Kong <0x0A> </s> ▁Vari ous ▁methods ▁and ▁tools ▁are ▁involved ▁in ▁stell ar ▁age ▁estimation , ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁identify ▁within ▁reasonable ▁degrees ▁of ▁confidence ▁what ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁a ▁star ▁is . ▁These ▁methods ▁include ▁stell ar ▁evolution ary ▁models , ▁membership ▁in ▁a ▁given ▁star ▁cluster ▁or ▁system , ▁fitting ▁the ▁star ▁with ▁the ▁standard ▁spectral ▁and ▁lum inos ity ▁classification ▁system , ▁and ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁a ▁pro top lan et ary ▁disk , ▁among ▁others . ▁Near ly ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁methods ▁of ▁determ ining ▁age ▁require ▁knowledge ▁of ▁the ▁mass ▁of ▁the ▁star , ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁known ▁through ▁various ▁methods . ▁No ▁individual ▁method ▁can ▁provide ▁accurate ▁results ▁for ▁all ▁types ▁of ▁stars . ▁ ▁L um inos ity ▁increase ▁and ▁the ▁H ert z spr ung – Russ ell ▁diagram ▁ ▁As ▁stars |
▁grow ▁older , ▁their ▁lum inos ity ▁increases ▁at ▁an ▁appreci able ▁rate . ▁Given ▁the ▁mass ▁of ▁the ▁star , ▁one ▁can ▁use ▁this ▁rate ▁of ▁increase ▁in ▁lum inos ity ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁the ▁star . ▁This ▁method ▁only ▁works ▁for ▁calculating ▁stell ar ▁age ▁on ▁the ▁main ▁sequence , ▁because ▁in ▁advanced ▁evolution ary ▁stages ▁of ▁the ▁star , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁red ▁giant ▁stage , ▁the ▁standard ▁relationship ▁for ▁the ▁determ ination ▁of ▁age ▁no ▁longer ▁holds . ▁However , ▁when ▁one ▁can ▁observe ▁a ▁red ▁giant ▁star ▁with ▁a ▁known ▁mass , ▁one ▁can ▁calculate ▁the ▁main - sequence ▁lifetime , ▁and ▁thus ▁the ▁minimum ▁age ▁of ▁star ▁is ▁known ▁given ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁in ▁an ▁advanced ▁stage ▁of ▁its ▁evolution . ▁As ▁the ▁star ▁sp ends ▁only ▁about ▁ 1 % ▁of ▁its ▁total ▁lifetime ▁as ▁a ▁red ▁giant , ▁this ▁is ▁an ▁accurate ▁method ▁of ▁determ ining ▁age . ▁ ▁St ell ar ▁age ▁estimation ▁of ▁stars ▁Vari ous ▁properties ▁of ▁stars ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁determine ▁their ▁age . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁E ta ▁Car inae ▁system ▁is ▁em itting ▁large ▁quantities ▁of ▁gas ▁and ▁dust . ▁These ▁enorm ous ▁out bur st s ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁infer ▁that ▁the ▁star ▁system ▁is ▁near ing ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁its ▁life , ▁and ▁will ▁expl ode ▁as ▁a ▁super n ova ▁within ▁a ▁relatively ▁short ▁period ▁of ▁astronom ical ▁time . ▁Very ▁large ▁stars ▁like ▁V Y ▁Can is |
▁Major is , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁stars ▁known , ▁together ▁with ▁Mu ▁C ep he i , ▁Bet el ge use ▁and ▁U Y ▁Sc uti ▁all ▁have ▁rad ii ▁larger ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁average ▁orb ital ▁radius ▁of ▁Jup iter ▁in ▁the ▁Sol ar ▁System , ▁thus ▁showing ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁in ▁extremely ▁late ▁evolution ary ▁stages . ▁Bet el ge use ▁in ▁particular ▁is ▁expected ▁to ▁die ▁in ▁a ▁super n ova ▁explos ion ▁within ▁the ▁next ▁million ▁years . ▁ ▁As ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁scenarios ▁of ▁super mass ive ▁stars ▁viol ently ▁casting ▁off ▁their ▁outer ▁layers ▁before ▁their ▁death s , ▁other ▁examples ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁of ▁the ▁properties ▁of ▁stars ▁which ▁illustrate ▁their ▁age . ▁For ▁example , ▁C ep heid ▁variables ▁have ▁a ▁characteristic ▁pattern ▁in ▁their ▁light cur ves , ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁repet ition ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁dependent ▁on ▁the ▁lum inos ity ▁of ▁the ▁star . ▁ ▁Since ▁C ep heid ▁variables ▁are ▁a ▁relatively ▁short ▁evolution ary ▁stage ▁in ▁the ▁lif ecycle ▁of ▁stars , ▁and ▁knowing ▁the ▁mass ▁of ▁the ▁star ▁allows ▁for ▁the ▁star ▁to ▁be ▁track ed ▁in ▁its ▁evolution ary ▁path , ▁one ▁can ▁estimate ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁the ▁C ep heid ▁variable . ▁ ▁Exception al ▁stell ar ▁properties ▁which ▁allow ▁for ▁an ▁estimation ▁of ▁age ▁are ▁not ▁conf ined ▁to ▁advanced ▁evolution ary ▁stages . ▁When ▁a ▁roughly ▁solar - mass ▁star ▁exhib itis ▁T ▁Ta uri ▁vari ability , ▁astronom ers ▁can ▁locate ▁the |
▁age ▁of ▁the ▁star ▁as ▁being ▁before ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁sequence ▁phase ▁of ▁the ▁star ' s ▁life . ▁Additionally , ▁more ▁massive ▁pre - main - sequence ▁stars ▁could ▁be ▁Her big ▁A e / Be ▁stars . ▁If ▁a ▁red ▁d war f ▁star ▁is ▁em itting ▁immense ▁stell ar ▁fl ares ▁and ▁x - ray s , ▁the ▁star ▁can ▁be ▁calculated ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁an ▁early ▁stage ▁of ▁its ▁main - sequence ▁lifetime , ▁after ▁which ▁it ▁will ▁become ▁less ▁variable ▁and ▁become ▁stable . ▁ ▁M emb ership ▁in ▁a ▁star ▁cluster ▁or ▁system ▁ ▁M emb ership ▁in ▁a ▁star ▁cluster ▁or ▁star ▁system ▁perm its ▁an ▁assignment ▁of ▁rough ▁ages ▁to ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁stars ▁present ▁within . ▁When ▁one ▁can ▁determine ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁stars ▁through ▁other ▁methods , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁ones ▁listed ▁above , ▁one ▁can ▁identify ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁bodies ▁in ▁a ▁system . ▁This ▁is ▁especially ▁useful ▁in ▁clusters ▁of ▁stars ▁which ▁exhib it ▁a ▁large ▁amount ▁of ▁variety ▁in ▁their ▁stell ar ▁masses , ▁evolution ary ▁stages , ▁and ▁class ifications . ▁While ▁not ▁entirely ▁independent ▁of ▁the ▁properties ▁of ▁the ▁stars ▁in ▁the ▁cluster , ▁system , ▁or ▁other ▁reason ably - s ized ▁association ▁of ▁stars , ▁an ▁astronom er ▁would ▁only ▁need ▁a ▁representative ▁sample ▁of ▁stars ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁the ▁cluster , ▁rather ▁than ▁pain st aking ly ▁finding ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁every ▁star ▁in ▁the ▁cluster ▁through |
▁other ▁properties . ▁ ▁In ▁addition , ▁knowing ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁one ▁member ▁of ▁a ▁star ▁system ▁can ▁help ▁determine ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁that ▁system . ▁In ▁a ▁star ▁system , ▁stars ▁almost ▁always ▁form ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁as ▁each ▁other , ▁and ▁given ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁one ▁star , ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁others ▁can ▁be ▁known . ▁ ▁However , ▁this ▁method ▁does ▁not ▁work ▁for ▁galaxies . ▁These ▁units ▁are ▁much ▁larger , ▁and ▁are ▁not ▁merely ▁a ▁one - off ▁creation ▁of ▁stars ▁which ▁allows ▁their ▁age ▁to ▁be ▁determined ▁in ▁this ▁fashion . ▁The ▁creation ▁of ▁stars ▁in ▁a ▁galax y ▁takes ▁place ▁over ▁bill ions ▁of ▁years , ▁even ▁though ▁star ▁production ▁may ▁long ▁since ▁have ▁ceased ▁( see ▁elli pt ical ▁galax y ). ▁The ▁oldest ▁stars ▁in ▁a ▁galax y ▁can ▁only ▁set ▁a ▁minimum ▁age ▁for ▁the ▁galax y ▁( when ▁star ▁formation ▁began ) ▁but ▁by ▁no ▁means ▁determine ▁the ▁actual ▁age . ▁ ▁Pres ence ▁of ▁a ▁pro top lan et ary ▁disk ▁▁ ▁Al ong ▁with ▁other ▁factors , ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁a ▁pro top lan et ary ▁disk ▁sets ▁a ▁maximum ▁limit ▁on ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁stars . ▁Stars ▁with ▁pro top lan et ary ▁dis ks ▁are ▁typically ▁young , ▁having ▁moved ▁onto ▁the ▁main ▁sequence ▁only ▁a ▁relatively ▁short ▁time ▁ago . ▁Over ▁time , ▁this ▁disk ▁would ▁co ales ce ▁to ▁form ▁plan ets , ▁with ▁le f to ver ▁material ▁being ▁depos ited |
▁into ▁various ▁astero id ▁bel ts ▁and ▁other ▁similar ▁locations . ▁However , ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁p uls ar ▁plan ets ▁comp licates ▁this ▁method ▁as ▁a ▁determin ant ▁of ▁age . ▁ ▁Gy ro chron ology ▁ ▁Gy ro - chron ology ▁is ▁a ▁method ▁used ▁to ▁determine ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁field ▁stars ▁by ▁meas uring ▁their ▁rotation ▁rate , ▁and ▁then ▁comparing ▁this ▁rate ▁with ▁the ▁rotation ▁rate ▁of ▁the ▁Sun , ▁which ▁serves ▁as ▁a ▁pre cal ibr ated ▁clock ▁for ▁this ▁measurement . ▁This ▁method ▁has ▁been ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁more ▁accurate ▁method ▁for ▁the ▁determ ination ▁of ▁stell ar ▁ages ▁than ▁other ▁methods ▁for ▁field ▁stars . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Gy ro chron ology ▁ ▁St ell ar ▁evolution ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Red ▁D war f ▁Stars ▁from ▁Un iverse T od ay ▁What ▁is ▁a ▁Binary ▁Star ? ▁from ▁Un iverse T od ay ▁Review ▁Article : Pro top lan et ary ▁Dis ks ▁and ▁their ▁E volution ▁from ▁Ast ro bit es ▁ ▁Age ▁estimation <0x0A> </s> ▁Antoine ▁( in ▁English , ▁Anthony ; ▁ 2 2 ▁April ▁ 1 5 1 8 ▁– ▁ 1 7 ▁November ▁ 1 5 6 2 ) ▁was ▁the ▁King ▁of ▁Navar re ▁through ▁his ▁marriage ▁( jure ▁u x oris ) ▁to ▁Queen ▁Jean ne ▁III , ▁from ▁ 1 5 5 5 ▁until ▁his ▁death . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁monarch ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Bour bon , ▁of ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁head |
▁from ▁ 1 5 3 7 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁Henry ▁IV ▁of ▁France . ▁ ▁Family ▁ ▁Antoine ▁was ▁born ▁at ▁La ▁F ère , ▁Pic ard y , ▁France , ▁the ▁second ▁son ▁of ▁Charles ▁de ▁Bour bon , ▁Duke ▁of ▁V end ôme ▁( 1 4 8 9 – 1 5 3 7 ), ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Fran ço ise ▁d ' A len çon ▁( d ied ▁ 1 5 5 0 ). ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁older ▁brother ▁of ▁Louis , ▁Prince ▁of ▁Cond é ▁( 1 5 3 0 – 1 5 6 9 ), ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁H ug uen ots . ▁In ▁February ▁ 1 5 5 7 , ▁Antoine , ▁Jean ne ▁and ▁their ▁son ▁Henry ▁tra ve led ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁court ▁in ▁Paris , ▁while ▁there ▁King ▁Henry ▁II ▁suggested ▁a ▁bet ro th al ▁between ▁his ▁daughter ▁Margaret ▁and ▁Henry . ▁ ▁Mar riage ▁and ▁children ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 0 ▁October ▁ 1 5 4 8 , ▁at ▁M oul ins , ▁Antoine ▁married ▁Jean ne ▁d ' Al bre t , ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁Henry ▁II ▁of ▁Navar re ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Mar guer ite ▁de ▁Navar re . ▁After ▁his ▁father - in - law ' s ▁death ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 5 5 5 , ▁he ▁became ▁King ▁of ▁Navar re , ▁Count ▁of ▁Fo ix , ▁of ▁Big or re , ▁of ▁Arm agn ac , ▁of ▁P ér ig ord , ▁and ▁Vis |
count ▁of ▁Bé arn . ▁It ▁was ▁reported ▁that ▁Jean ne ▁was ▁much ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁him . ▁▁ ▁Antoine ▁and ▁Jean ne ▁had : ▁▁ ▁Henry ▁( 1 5 5 1 – 1 5 5 3 ), ▁Duke ▁of ▁Be aum ont ▁ ▁Henry ▁IV ▁of ▁France ▁( 1 5 5 3 – 1 6 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Louis ▁( 1 5 5 5 – 1 5 5 7 ), ▁Count ▁of ▁Mar le ▁ ▁Made le ine ▁( 1 5 5 6 ) ▁ ▁Catherine ▁( 1 5 5 9 – 1 6 0 4 ). ▁Mar ried ▁Henry ▁II , ▁Duke ▁of ▁Lor raine ▁in ▁ 1 5 9 9 . ▁ ▁With ▁his ▁mist ress , ▁Louise ▁de ▁La ▁B éra udi ère ▁de ▁l ' Is le ▁Rou het , ▁Antoine ▁had : ▁Charles , ▁was ▁Arch bishop ▁of ▁Rou en ▁from ▁ 1 5 5 4 ▁until ▁ 1 6 1 0 . ▁ ▁Religion ▁Antoine ▁does ▁not ▁appear ▁to ▁have ▁any ▁real ▁religious ▁conv iction ▁and ▁officially ▁changed ▁relig ions ▁several ▁times . ▁His ▁recon version ▁to ▁Catholic ism ▁separated ▁him ▁from ▁his ▁wife ▁and ▁he ▁threatened ▁to ▁rep udi ate ▁her . ▁He ▁had ▁an ▁affair ▁with ▁Louise ▁de ▁La ▁B éra udi ère ▁de ▁l ' Is le ▁Rou het , ▁" la ▁belle ▁Rou et ," ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁son , ▁Charles ▁III ▁de ▁Bour bon ▁( 1 5 5 4 – 1 6 1 0 ) ▁who ▁became ▁arch |
bishop ▁of ▁Rou en . ▁ ▁War ▁of ▁Religion ▁Catherine ▁de ' ▁Med ici , ▁reg ent ▁for ▁her ▁son ▁Charles ▁IX , ▁named ▁him ▁lieutenant ▁general ▁of ▁the ▁kingdom ▁in ▁ 1 5 6 1 . ▁When ▁his ▁wife , ▁Jean ne ▁d ' Al bre t , ▁allowed ▁the ▁H ug uen ots ▁to ▁s ack ▁the ▁chap el ▁and ▁the ▁churches ▁of ▁V end ôme ▁in ▁ 1 5 6 2 , ▁he ▁threatened ▁to ▁send ▁her ▁to ▁a ▁convent . ▁She ▁took ▁refuge ▁in ▁Bé arn . ▁Antoine ▁would ▁be ▁killed ▁during ▁the ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Rou en ▁fighting ▁for ▁the ▁C athol ics . ▁ ▁An c est ors ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 5 1 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 5 6 2 ▁death s ▁Category : Con ver ts ▁to ▁Roman ▁Catholic ism ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁La ▁F ère ▁Category : Nav ar res e ▁monarch s ▁Category : H ouse ▁of ▁Bour bon - La ▁Mar che ▁Bour bon , ▁Antoine ▁de ▁Antoine ▁de ▁Antoine ▁de ▁Bour bon , ▁Antoine ▁de ▁Bour bon , ▁Antoine ▁de ▁Antoine ▁de ▁Category : J ure ▁u x oris ▁k ings ▁Category : 1 6 th - century ▁pe ers ▁of ▁France ▁Category : 1 6 th - century ▁people ▁from ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Navar re <0x0A> </s> ▁R oney ▁is ▁a ▁surname . ▁Notable ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁surname ▁include : ▁ ▁Antoine ▁R oney ▁( born ▁ 1 9 |
6 3 ), ▁American ▁jazz ▁ten or ▁and ▁sop rano ▁sa x oph on ist ▁Bla ke ▁R oney ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 8 ), ▁founder ▁and ▁chairman ▁of ▁Nu ▁Sk in ▁Enter pr ises ▁Mar im ba ▁R oney ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 6 ), ▁Swedish ▁journalist ▁and ▁television ▁host ▁Matt ▁R oney ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 0 ), ▁Major ▁League ▁Baseball ▁right - hand ed ▁pitch er ▁Michael ▁R oney ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 4 ), ▁American ▁business man ▁Paul ▁H itch ▁R oney ▁( 1 9 2 1 – 2 0 0 6 ), ▁American ▁federal ▁judge ▁Peter ▁R oney ▁( 1 8 8 7 – 1 9 3 0 ), ▁professional ▁footballer ▁R oney ▁" G iah " ▁Gia com etti ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 4 ), ▁Brazil ian ▁composer , ▁singer , ▁guitar ▁player ▁and ▁producer ▁Sh anti ▁R oney ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 0 ), ▁Swedish ▁actor ▁Wal lace ▁R oney ▁( 1 9 6 0 – 2 0 2 0 ), ▁American ▁hard ▁b op ▁and ▁post - b op ▁tr ump eter ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁R one ys ▁Point , ▁West ▁Virginia ▁Stone ▁Ta vern ▁at ▁R oney ' s ▁Point ▁Ro oney ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁USS ▁Sur prise ▁( PG - 6 3 ), ▁the ▁fourth ▁American ▁naval ▁ship ▁of ▁the ▁name , ▁was ▁the ▁British ▁ ▁cor v ette ▁HMS ▁H eli ot ro pe ▁loan ed ▁to ▁and |
▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 2 - 1 9 4 5 ▁as ▁a ▁T empt ress - class ▁pat rol ▁gun bo at . ▁After ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁she ▁was ▁sold ▁as ▁a ▁merchant ▁vessel ▁and ▁ended ▁her ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁Chinese ▁n avy ▁as ▁Lin ▁I . ▁ ▁Service ▁history ▁HMS ▁H eli ot ro pe ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁John ▁Crown ▁and ▁S ons ▁Ltd , ▁S under land , ▁England , ▁and ▁launched ▁on ▁ 5 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁She ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁at ▁H ull , ▁England , ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁one ▁of ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁cor v ettes ▁transferred ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁under ▁reverse ▁L end - Le ase . ▁She ▁was ▁commission ed ▁as ▁USS ▁Sur prise ▁the ▁same ▁day , ▁Lieutenant ▁R . ▁C . ▁D . ▁H unt , ▁Jr ., ▁in ▁command . ▁She ▁was ▁delivered ▁with ▁British ▁rad ars ▁and ▁arm ament ▁installed , ▁and ▁over ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁her ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁service ▁was ▁gradually ▁converted ▁to ▁U . S . ▁standards . ▁The ▁ ▁gun ▁was ▁mounted ▁forward , ▁the ▁ ▁gun ▁a ft . ▁ ▁Sur prise ▁sa iled ▁from ▁Lis ah ally ▁Co . ▁London der ry , ▁Northern ▁Ireland ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁to ▁esc ort ▁a ▁con voy ▁to ▁Boston , ▁Massachusetts |
. ▁After ▁an ▁over ha ul , ▁she ▁proceeded ▁south ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁esc orted ▁con vo ys ▁in ▁the ▁Car ib bean , ▁princip ally ▁between ▁Tr in idad ▁and ▁Gu ant an amo ▁Bay , ▁Cuba . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁she ▁extended ▁her ▁range ▁into ▁the ▁South ▁Atlantic ▁and , ▁into ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁performed ▁esc ort ▁runs ▁between ▁Tr in idad ▁and ▁Rec ife , ▁Brazil . ▁ ▁Sur prise ▁then ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁she ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁North ▁Atlantic ▁and , ▁until ▁after ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁in ▁Europe ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁rot ated ▁between ▁New found land , ▁Green land , ▁and ▁I cel and ▁con voy ▁runs ▁and ▁weather ▁pat rol ▁duty . ▁ ▁Sur prise ▁was ▁de comm ission ed ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁at ▁Ch ath am , ▁England , ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁August , ▁and ▁struck ▁from ▁the ▁Naval ▁V essel ▁Register ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁September . ▁ ▁F ate ▁She ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁China ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁and , ▁after ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁merc ant ile ▁service , ▁she ▁was ▁taken ▁into ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Liber ation ▁Army ▁Navy ▁as ▁Lin ▁I . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Ch es ne au |
, ▁Roger , ▁ed . ▁Con way ' s ▁All ▁the ▁World ' s ▁Fight ing ▁Sh ips ▁ 1 9 2 2 - 1 9 4 6 . ▁New ▁York : ▁May flow er ▁Books , ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁. ▁U bo at . net ▁HMS ▁H eli ot ro pe ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁- ▁Cor v ette ▁of ▁the ▁F lower ▁class ▁- ▁Al lied ▁War ships ▁of ▁W W II ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Ph oto ▁gallery ▁at ▁nav source . org ▁ ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁pat rol ▁vessels ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Sh ips ▁built ▁in ▁S under land ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 ▁ships ▁Sur prise ▁Category : Cor v ettes ▁of ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Liber ation ▁Army ▁Navy <0x0A> </s> ▁Dr . ▁ ▁Dol ores ▁Mer cedes ▁Pi ñ ero , ▁( 1 8 9 2 – 1 9 7 5 ) ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁four ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁women ▁to ▁ear n ▁a ▁medical ▁degree . ▁She ▁was ▁also ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁civil ian ▁do ctors , ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁female ▁doctor ▁to ▁serve ▁under ▁contract ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁During ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁Pi ñ ero ▁helped ▁establish ▁a ▁hospital ▁in ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁to ▁attend ▁soldiers ▁who ▁had ▁contract ed ▁the ▁sw ine ▁flu . ▁ ▁Early ▁years ▁Pi ñ ero ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁San ▁Juan , ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁at ▁a |
▁time ▁when ▁the ▁island ▁was ▁still ▁a ▁Spanish ▁col ony . ▁There ▁she ▁received ▁her ▁primary ▁and ▁secondary ▁education . ▁Spain ▁c eded ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁agreement ▁reached ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Paris , ▁which ▁officially ▁ended ▁the ▁Spanish – American ▁War . ▁Pi ñ ero ▁was ▁sent ▁by ▁her ▁family ▁to ▁Boston , ▁Massachusetts ▁where ▁she ▁became ▁fl uent ▁in ▁English ▁and ▁continued ▁her ▁college ▁education . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 3 , ▁she ▁earned ▁her ▁medical ▁degree ▁from ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Phys icians ▁and ▁Sur ge ons ▁in ▁Boston . ▁Pi ñ ero ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁four ▁women ▁from ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁to ▁ear n ▁a ▁medical ▁degree . ▁The ▁other ▁three ▁were ▁María ▁El isa ▁River a ▁Dí az ▁and ▁Ana ▁Jan er ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 , ▁and ▁Pal mi ra ▁G at ell ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 0 . ▁ ▁Return ▁to ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁After ▁ear ning ▁her ▁degree , ▁Pi ñ ero ▁returned ▁to ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁and ▁set ▁up ▁her ▁medical ▁and ▁an est hes ia ▁practice ▁in ▁what ▁was ▁then ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Río ▁P ied ras ▁( it ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁section ▁of ▁San ▁Juan ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 7 , ▁with ▁the ▁advent ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁approved ▁the ▁Jones – Sh af ro th ▁Act ▁which ▁con ferred ▁U . S . ▁citizens hip ▁on ▁Puerto ▁Ric |
ans . ▁Puerto ▁Ric ans , ▁with ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁the ▁women , ▁were ▁el ig ible ▁for ▁the ▁draft . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁entered ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁Medical ▁Corps ▁believed ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁enough ▁male ▁phys icians ▁to ▁cover ▁their ▁needs . ▁Pi ñ ero ▁applied ▁for ▁a ▁position ▁as ▁a ▁contract ▁sur geon ▁only ▁to ▁be ▁turned ▁down . ▁After ▁writing ▁a ▁letter ▁to ▁the ▁Army ▁Sur geon ▁General ▁in ▁Washington , ▁D . C . ▁explaining ▁her ▁intent ions , ▁she ▁received ▁a ▁tele gram ▁ordering ▁her ▁to ▁report ▁to ▁Camp ▁Las ▁Cas as ▁at ▁Sant ur ce , ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁where ▁she ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁Medical ▁Service ▁Corps ▁of ▁the ▁Army ▁Medical ▁Department . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁the ▁Army ▁realized ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁short age ▁of ▁phys icians ▁special izing ▁in ▁an est hes ia , ▁a ▁low - sal ary ▁special ty ▁required ▁in ▁the ▁military ▁operating ▁rooms . ▁Therefore , ▁the ▁Army ▁rel uct antly ▁began ▁h iring ▁women ▁phys icians ▁as ▁civil ian ▁contract ▁employees . ▁Cont ract ▁phys icians , ▁however ▁had ▁little ▁status ▁within ▁the ▁military . ▁They ▁did ▁not ▁wear ▁uniform s ▁and ▁had ▁little ▁authority . ▁▁ ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁Pi ñ ero ▁signed ▁her ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁Army . ▁In ▁this ▁manner , ▁and ▁at ▁her ▁own ▁ins istence , ▁Pi ñ ero ▁contributed ▁her ▁professional ▁skills ▁to ▁the ▁war |
▁effort . ▁She ▁was ▁re - ass igned ▁to ▁the ▁Army ▁General ▁Hospital ▁of ▁Fort ▁Bro oke , ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁former ▁Bal la j á ▁Bar ra cks ▁( in ▁the ▁grounds ▁of ▁the ▁Fort ▁San ▁F eli pe ▁del ▁Mor ro ) ▁in ▁Old ▁San ▁Juan . ▁There ▁she ▁worked ▁as ▁an ▁an est h esi ologist ▁during ▁the ▁m orn ings , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁labor atory ▁during ▁the ▁af tern o ons . ▁Pi ñ ero ▁and ▁four ▁male ▁colle agues ▁received ▁orders ▁to ▁open ▁a ▁ 4 0 0 - bed ▁hospital ▁in ▁P once , ▁Puerto ▁Rico , ▁to ▁care ▁for ▁the ▁patients ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁inf ected ▁with ▁influen za , ▁known ▁also ▁as ▁" the ▁Sw ine ▁Fl u ." ▁Among ▁the ▁n urs es ▁who ▁served ▁in ▁P once ▁with ▁Pi ñ ero ▁was ▁Rosa ▁A . ▁González , ▁a ▁noted ▁registered ▁nur se ▁who ▁author ed ▁The ▁N urs es ▁Medical ▁Dictionary . ▁The ▁Sw ine ▁Fl u ▁had ▁swe pt ▁through ▁Army ▁cam ps ▁and ▁training ▁posts ▁around ▁the ▁world , ▁inf ect ing ▁one ▁quarter ▁of ▁all ▁soldiers ▁and ▁killing ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 5 , 0 0 0 ▁American ▁troops . ▁After ▁the ▁flu ▁ep ide mic ▁ended , ▁Pi ñ ero ▁was ▁ordered ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Army ▁base ▁hospital ▁at ▁San ▁Juan . ▁ ▁Post ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁When ▁her ▁contract ▁ended ▁at ▁the ▁close ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I , ▁Pi ñ ero ▁returned ▁to ▁her ▁private ▁practice ▁in |
▁Río ▁P ied ras . ▁She ▁married ▁Cel est ino ▁López ▁Pérez ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁son ▁Jose ▁Antonio ▁López ▁Pi ñ ero ▁and ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁had ▁a ▁daughter ▁named ▁Dol ores ▁" L olin " ▁Pi ñ ero - L ópez ▁( 1 9 2 2 - 2 0 1 1 ) ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁" Old ▁Wh ims ▁and ▁New ▁F an cies ", ▁an ▁ant ique ▁store ▁in ▁El ▁Pas o , ▁Texas . ▁ ▁Little ▁is ▁known ▁of ▁Pi ñ ero ' s ▁later ▁years , ▁with ▁the ▁exception ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁Women ' s ▁C iv ic ▁Club ▁and ▁that ▁she ▁worked ▁for ▁the ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Department ▁of ▁Health . ▁Pi ñ ero ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁first ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁female ▁to ▁be ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁Medical ▁Ex amin ers ▁Board . ▁Pi ñ ero ▁res ided ▁with ▁her ▁husband ▁in ▁Mon ac illo , ▁Río ▁P ied ras , ▁Puerto ▁Rico . ▁She ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁in ▁San ▁Juan , ▁Puerto ▁Rico . ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁" W omen ▁Do ctors ▁in ▁War ▁( Will iams - F ord ▁Texas ▁A & M ▁University ▁Military ▁History ▁Series ) "; ▁by : ▁Jud ith ▁B ella f aire ▁and ▁Mer cedes ▁Herr era ▁Graf ; ▁Publish er : ▁T AM U ▁Press ; ▁; ▁. ▁The ▁contributions ▁of ▁Dr . ▁Dol ores ▁Pi |
ñ ero ▁are ▁found ▁om ▁pages ▁ 4 3 , ▁ 4 6 ▁and ▁ 5 6 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Puerto ▁Ric ans ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁women ▁in ▁the ▁military ▁Puerto ▁Ric ans ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁scient ists ▁and ▁invent ors ▁History ▁of ▁women ▁in ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 5 ▁death s ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁an est h esi olog ists ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁San ▁Juan , ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁women ▁in ▁the ▁military ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁Army ▁personnel ▁Category : W omen ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Category : W omen ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : W omen ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁military ▁do ctors <0x0A> </s> ▁N ortheast ▁Alabama ▁Regional ▁Airport ▁ ▁is ▁five ▁miles ▁south west ▁of ▁G ads den , ▁in ▁Et ow ah ▁County , ▁Alabama . ▁It ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁G ads den ▁Airport ▁Author ity ▁and ▁it ▁used ▁to ▁be ▁G ads den ▁Municipal ▁Airport . ▁ ▁The ▁F AA ' s ▁National ▁Plan ▁of ▁Integr ated ▁Airport ▁Systems ▁for ▁ 2 0 0 9 – 2 0 1 3 ▁categor ized ▁as ▁a ▁general ▁av iation ▁facility . ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁The ▁air port ▁covers ▁ ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 5 6 9 ▁feet ▁( 1 7 3 ▁m ). ▁It |
▁has ▁two ▁as ph alt ▁run ways : ▁ 6 / 2 4 ▁is ▁ 6 , 8 0 2 ▁by ▁ 1 5 0 ▁feet ▁( 2 , 0 7 3 ▁x ▁ 4 6 ▁m ) ▁and ▁ 1 8 / 3 6 ▁is ▁ 4 , 8 0 6 ▁by ▁ 1 5 0 ▁feet ▁( 1 , 4 6 5 ▁x ▁ 4 6 ▁m ). ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁year ▁ending ▁July ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁the ▁air port ▁had ▁ 2 3 , 8 8 6 ▁aircraft ▁operations , ▁average ▁ 6 5 ▁per ▁day : ▁ 9 3 % ▁general ▁av iation , ▁ 5 % ▁air ▁tax i ▁and ▁ 2 % ▁military . ▁ 4 0 ▁aircraft ▁were ▁then ▁based ▁at ▁this ▁air port : ▁ 7 0 % ▁single - engine , ▁ 1 5 % ▁multi - engine , ▁ 8 % ▁jet , ▁ 5 % ▁gl ider ▁and ▁ 2 % ▁hel ic opter . ▁ ▁Form er ▁air lines ▁▁ ▁Air ▁New ▁Orleans ▁- ▁mid - 1 9 8 0 s ▁ ▁Atlantic ▁S out heast ▁Airlines ▁- ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁ ▁Southern ▁Air ways ▁The ▁first ▁air line ▁fl ights ▁were ▁Southern ▁Air ways ▁DC - 3 s ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 9 ; ▁successor ▁Republic ▁pulled ▁out ▁its ▁Con v air ▁ 5 8 0 s ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁ ▁Inc idents ▁and ▁acc |
idents ▁▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁a ▁D elta ▁Connection ▁flight ▁operated ▁by ▁Atlantic ▁S out heast ▁Airlines ▁ ▁Em bra er ▁E MB - 1 2 0 ▁( Reg istration ▁N 2 1 7 AS ) ▁as ▁Fl ight ▁ 2 2 5 4 , ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁William ▁B . ▁H arts field ▁Atlanta ▁International ▁Airport ▁struck ▁a ▁C ess na ▁ 1 7 2 ▁just ▁after ▁take - off . ▁The ▁Em bra er ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁land , ▁but ▁the ▁C ess na ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁reg ain ▁control ▁and ▁crash ed . ▁Of ▁the ▁seven ▁on ▁the ▁Em bra er , ▁there ▁were ▁zero ▁fatal ities ; ▁the ▁two ▁on ▁board ▁the ▁C ess na ▁were ▁killed . ▁The ▁cause ▁of ▁the ▁crash ▁was ▁attributed ▁to ▁pil ots ▁of ▁both ▁aircraft ▁in ade qu ately ▁performing ▁a ▁visual ▁look out ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁restricted ▁vision ▁caused ▁by ▁the ▁sun ' s ▁g lare . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Air field ▁photos ▁for ▁G AD ▁from ▁Civil ▁Air ▁Pat rol ▁▁▁ ▁AC - U - K WI K ▁information ▁for ▁K G AD ▁ ▁Category : A ir ports ▁in ▁Alabama ▁Category : Transport ation ▁buildings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Et ow ah ▁County , ▁Alabama ▁Category : Form er ▁Ess ential ▁Air ▁Service ▁air ports <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁role - play ing ▁video ▁game ▁developed ▁by ▁Arte P ia zza ▁and ▁published ▁by ▁K oe i ▁for ▁the ▁W |
ii . ▁The ▁player ▁follows ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁the ▁tit ular ▁O po ona ▁as ▁he ▁attempts ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁his ▁family ▁from ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁separated ▁after ▁the ▁occurrence ▁of ▁a ▁myster ious ▁accident ▁during ▁their ▁travel s . ▁Form er ▁Dragon ▁Qu est ▁art ▁designer ▁Sh int aro ▁Maj ima ▁was ▁the ▁lead ▁artist , ▁with ▁Sach iko ▁Sug im ura , ▁who ▁has ▁also ▁worked ▁on ▁Dragon ▁Qu est , ▁as ▁the ▁planning ▁director . ▁H itos hi ▁Sak im oto , ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁compos ing ▁Final ▁Fant asy ▁XII , ▁produced ▁the ▁sound track , ▁which ▁was ▁composed ▁by ▁him ▁and ▁his ▁Bas is cape ▁mus icians . ▁ ▁Game play ▁Through out ▁the ▁game , ▁O po ona ▁will ▁ac quire ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁lic ences ▁for ▁different ▁jobs . ▁Wh ilst ▁some ▁are ▁mand atory ▁for ▁story ▁pro gression , ▁most ▁are ▁optional ▁and ▁add ▁to ▁the ▁custom ization ▁of ▁the ▁players ▁game . ▁The ▁game ▁can ▁be ▁played ▁one - hand ed ▁using ▁just ▁the ▁W ii ' s ▁N unch uk ▁attachment , ▁but ▁the ▁Classic ▁Controller ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁used . ▁In ▁batt les , ▁f lick ing ▁the ▁N unch uk ' s ▁analog ▁stick ▁will ▁fire ▁a ▁project ile , ▁the ▁traject ory ▁of ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁changed ▁and ▁adjust ed ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁situation . ▁The ▁style ▁of ▁play ▁is ▁referred ▁to ▁in - game ▁as ▁the ▁Active ▁Bon - B on ▁Battle ▁System ▁and ▁all ▁actions ▁occur |
▁in ▁real ▁time . ▁ ▁Setting ▁Before ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁O po ona , ▁the ▁planet ▁Land roll ▁was ▁impact ed ▁by ▁a ▁large ▁meteor ite ▁composed ▁of ▁cry st all ized ▁dark ▁energy . ▁Half ▁of ▁the ▁star , ▁once ▁l ush ▁and ▁verd ant , ▁died ▁from ▁the ▁impact , ▁becoming ▁the ▁Dead lands . ▁Life ▁for ▁the ▁surv iv ors ▁changed ▁dr ast ically ; ▁the ▁impact ▁caused ▁a ▁shift ▁in ▁gravity , ▁causing ▁the ▁sun ▁to ▁become ▁tid ally ▁locked ▁to ▁the ▁planet . ▁Species ▁died ▁and ▁veget ation ▁with ered ▁in ▁the ▁heat ; ▁myster ious ▁cre atures , ▁known ▁as ▁Rog ues , ▁emer ged ▁from ▁the ▁meteor ite ▁and ▁began ▁to ▁attack ▁people . ▁Hum ans ▁eventually ▁built ▁st ur dy ▁glass ▁dom es ▁over ▁Land roll ' s ▁surv iving ▁cities . ▁San ctu ary , ▁an ▁island ▁floating ▁above ▁the ▁northern ▁pole , ▁was ▁una ffect ed ▁and ▁habit able ▁areas ▁outside ▁the ▁dom es ▁became ▁the ▁wild ▁lands . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Several ▁hundred ▁years ▁after ▁the ▁meteor ite ▁impact , ▁O po ona ▁and ▁his ▁sib lings , ▁Cop o ona ▁and ▁P ole ena , ▁are ▁on ▁a ▁family ▁vac ation ▁from ▁the ▁star ▁T izia ▁with ▁their ▁parents , ▁M ome ena , ▁D ade ena ▁and ▁co - p il ots ▁Tro c ▁and ▁No ix , ▁trav elling ▁in ▁a ▁spaces hip ▁to ▁Land roll . ▁M ome ena ▁tells ▁O po ona ▁that ▁her ▁brother , ▁Ro id |
man , ▁lives ▁on ▁the ▁planet ▁doing ▁research ▁on ▁how ▁to ▁reduce ▁the ▁Rog ue ▁population . ▁Short ly ▁after , ▁the ▁spaces hip ▁is ▁attacked ▁by ▁myster ious ▁dark ▁energy , ▁and ▁the ▁three ▁children ▁are ▁placed ▁into ▁separate ▁escape ▁pod s ▁before ▁the ▁spaces hip ▁crashes ▁on ▁Land roll . ▁ ▁O po ona ▁aw ak ens ▁from ▁a ▁com a ▁in ▁Tok ione ▁D ome ▁and ▁is ▁informed ▁of ▁the ▁incident , ▁and ▁told ▁that ▁his ▁parents ▁are ▁being ▁treated ▁by ▁S ages ▁in ▁San ctu ary . ▁He ▁is ▁then ▁introduced ▁to ▁A iz al , ▁the ▁Head ▁S age , ▁who ▁tells ▁O po ona ▁it ▁will ▁take ▁some ▁time ▁for ▁them ▁to ▁recover ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁short age ▁of ▁Mat ia . ▁O po ona ▁is ▁en rolled ▁at ▁Star house ▁school ▁and ▁is ▁trained ▁as ▁a ▁Land roll ▁R anger ▁with ▁help ▁from ▁Cha ika , ▁a ▁young ▁R anger ▁girl , ▁and ▁Commander ▁Gold y , ▁a ▁high - ran king ▁Land roll ▁R anger ; ▁at ▁Star house , ▁O po ona ▁is ▁reun ited ▁with ▁his ▁brother , ▁Cop o ona , ▁who ▁has ▁no ▁idea ▁where ▁his ▁sister ' s ▁escape ▁pod ▁could ▁be . ▁Days ▁after ▁the ▁spaces hip ▁incident , ▁P ole ena ' s ▁escape ▁pod ▁is ▁discovered ▁in ▁the ▁wild lands . ▁An ▁elder ly ▁woman , ▁Cre ola , ▁recomm ends ▁to ▁Gold y ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁best ▁to ▁care ▁for ▁P ole ena ▁herself , |
▁and ▁to ▁not ▁inform ▁A iz el . ▁ ▁Once ▁en rolled ▁in ▁Star house , ▁O po ona ▁is ▁asked ▁to ▁investigate ▁matters ▁at ▁the ▁Wind ▁Rav ine ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁his ▁training . ▁O po ona ▁finds ▁that ▁the ▁source ▁of ▁the ▁activity ▁in ▁the ▁Rav ine ▁is ▁his ▁own ▁escape ▁pod , ▁which ▁still ▁em an ates ▁some ▁dark ▁energy ▁from ▁the ▁spaces hip . ▁O po ona ▁gradu ates ▁from ▁Star house ▁as ▁a ▁Level ▁One ▁R anger , ▁receiving ▁assign ments ▁in ▁L if eb orn , ▁Art iel a ▁and ▁the ▁Int ellig ent ▁Sea , ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁tempor arily ▁employed ▁by ▁both ▁the ▁Bra vo ▁and ▁Sh ine ▁companies ▁to ▁remove ▁bugs ▁from ▁programming ▁and ▁to ▁also ▁help ▁patients ▁in ▁the ▁hospital ▁w ard . ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁patients ▁ident ifies ▁himself ▁as ▁Cha ika ' s ▁father , ▁and ▁O po ona ▁later ▁enc oun ters ▁Cha ika ▁herself . ▁Cha ika , ▁an ▁experienced ▁engineer , ▁checks ▁O po ona ' s ▁database ▁file ▁from ▁the ▁spaces hip . ▁She ▁reve als ▁that ▁the ▁attack ▁was ▁sent ▁by ▁Sh ag la , ▁A iz el ' s ▁younger ▁tw in ▁brother ▁who ▁myster iously ▁disappeared ▁years ▁before . ▁Cha ika ▁bel ieves ▁something ▁is ▁am iss , ▁since ▁a ▁fleet ▁large ▁enough ▁to ▁be ▁capable ▁of ▁destroy ing ▁a ▁spaces hip ▁has ▁not ▁been ▁commission ed ▁for ▁several ▁years . ▁ ▁O po ona ▁is ▁now ▁allowed ▁ret irement ▁at ▁a ▁resident |
ial ▁d ome ▁called ▁Parad iso , ▁and ▁att ends ▁an ▁official ▁ceremony ▁at ▁San ctu ary . ▁The ▁party ▁arrive ▁at ▁San ctu ary ▁and ▁meet ▁A iz al ▁in ▁the ▁C athedral , ▁who ▁un le ash es ▁an ▁extremely ▁powerful ▁spell ▁at ▁the ▁both ▁of ▁them , ▁stri pping ▁them ▁of ▁both ▁their ▁powers ▁and ▁mem ories . ▁ ▁P ole ena ▁remains ▁un cons cious ▁until ▁som etime ▁after ▁the ▁San ctu ary ▁incident ; ▁Cre ola ▁asks ▁P ole ena ▁to ▁bring ▁her ▁two ▁older ▁sib lings ▁to ▁her . ▁She ▁is ▁given ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁all ▁of ▁O po ona ' s ▁assignment ▁accomplish ments ▁and ▁travel s ▁through ▁the ▁Holy ▁Land s , ▁which ▁is ▁now ▁inf ested ▁with ▁Rog ues . ▁Upon ▁arriv ing ▁at ▁Parad iso , ▁P ole ena ▁enc oun ters ▁Cop o ona , ▁who ▁is ▁rel uct ant ▁to ▁leave , ▁bel ieving ▁there ▁is ▁nothing ▁more ▁for ▁them ▁to ▁do ; ▁P ole ena ▁then ▁takes ▁O po ona ▁and ▁Cop o ona ▁back ▁to ▁Cre ola ' s ▁h ut , ▁where ▁they ▁recover ▁their ▁powers ▁and ▁mem ories . ▁ ▁Cre ola ▁asks ▁the ▁both ▁of ▁them ▁to ▁recover ▁her ▁son ▁Sh ag la ▁from ▁the ▁Earth ▁Pr ison , ▁who ▁has ▁been ▁f als ely ▁imprison ed ▁for ▁years . ▁Cre ola ▁also ▁proves ▁that ▁the ▁attack ▁on ▁the ▁spaces hip ▁was ▁not ▁ordered ▁by ▁Sh ag la , ▁but ▁rather ▁by ▁A iz el ' |
s ▁command ant ▁Bab ush ca . ▁After ▁res cu ing ▁Sh ag la ▁from ▁the ▁prison , ▁Cre ola ▁reve als ▁a ▁passage way ▁in ▁her ▁h ut ▁to ▁an ▁under ground ▁base ▁for ▁the ▁Part iz ians . ▁They ▁are ▁reun ited ▁with ▁Ro id man ▁and ▁he ▁explains ▁that ▁the ▁only ▁way ▁to ▁save ▁Land roll ▁is ▁to ▁defeat ▁Bab us cha , ▁and ▁that ▁O po ona ▁must ▁rec ruit ▁Part iz ans ▁to ▁aid ▁him . ▁The ▁Part iz ans ▁are ▁rec ru ited ▁and ▁together , ▁O po ona ▁and ▁the ▁others ▁defeat ▁A iz al ▁and ▁Bab us cha . ▁ ▁Char acters ▁O po ona ▁- ▁The ▁protagon ist ▁from ▁the ▁planet ▁T izia . ▁He ▁has ▁an ▁orange ▁Energy ▁Bon - B on ▁above ▁his ▁head ▁that ▁he ▁can ▁use ▁as ▁a ▁project ile . ▁He ▁starts ▁off ▁in ▁Tok ione ▁d ome , ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁en list ed ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁Land roll ▁r angers . ▁Out side ▁of ▁the ▁game , ▁O po ona ▁appeared ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁play able ▁characters ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁c ros so ver ▁game ▁War riors ▁All - St ars . ▁P ole ena ▁- ▁O po ona ' s ▁younger ▁sister . ▁She ▁has ▁two ▁yellow ▁Energy ▁Bon - B ons ▁above ▁her ▁head ▁that ▁res emble ▁p igt ails . ▁Her ▁escape ▁pod ▁crashes ▁on ▁the ▁Or cal ph in ▁coast , ▁where ▁she ▁is ▁res cu ed ▁by |
▁A iz el ' s ▁mother ▁Cop o ona ▁- ▁O po ona ' s ▁younger ▁brother . ▁His ▁Energy ▁Bon - B on ▁takes ▁the ▁place ▁of ▁his ▁legs ▁and ▁is ▁pur ple . ▁He ▁becomes ▁a ▁s age , ▁who ▁is ▁accompanied ▁in ▁the ▁beginning ▁by ▁S age ▁Sar it , ▁one ▁of ▁Land roll ' s ▁most ▁respect ed ▁el ders . ▁ ▁Development ▁O po ona ▁was ▁developed ▁by ▁Arte P ia zza , ▁a ▁Japanese ▁game ▁company ▁responsible ▁for ▁creating ▁and ▁port ing ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁Dragon ▁Qu est ▁series ▁for ▁En ix . ▁Arte p ia zza ▁was ▁asked ▁by ▁publish er ▁K oe i ▁" to ▁create ▁fun ▁and ▁unique ▁visual s ▁that ▁convey ▁the ▁enjoy ment ▁of ▁an ▁R PG ▁in ▁a ▁simple ▁fashion " ▁in ▁place ▁of ▁using ▁state - of - the - art ▁CG ▁and ▁hardware ▁technology ▁available ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁game ' s ▁production . ▁R ather ▁than ▁util ize ▁the ▁traditional ▁" single ▁hero " ▁or ▁" ch osen ▁one " ▁mot if ▁of ▁R P GS , ▁the ▁staff ▁members ▁at ▁Arte p ia zza ▁emphas ized ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁relationships ▁and ▁family ▁in ▁O po ona . ▁Pl anning ▁director ▁Sach iko ▁Sug im ura ▁desired ▁to ▁" express ▁that ▁every ▁single ▁person ▁means ▁something ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁world ▁grows ▁and ▁changes ▁in ▁accord ance ▁with ▁the ▁lov ing ▁relationships ▁among ▁all ▁people , ▁instead ▁of ▁dep ict ing ▁the ▁main ▁character ▁only ▁as ▁a ▁special |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.