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rah ão ▁had ▁to ▁work ▁out ▁how ▁to ▁record ▁the ▁group ▁that ▁was ▁running ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁government ' s ▁increasing ly ▁violent ▁purs uit . ▁The ▁meeting ▁occurred ▁in ▁an ▁isolated ▁place ▁of ▁the ▁Brazil ian ▁Ca ating a , ▁where ▁the ▁can g ace iro ▁leader , ▁very ▁susp icious ▁of ▁the ▁man ' s ▁intent ions , ▁he ▁did ▁the ▁first ▁record ings ▁with ▁the ▁phot ographic ▁equipment ▁himself . ▁Only ▁then ▁did ▁he ▁allow ▁Ab rah ão ▁to ▁record . ▁Ab rah ão ▁then ▁returned ▁to ▁Fort ale za ▁with ▁his ▁work ▁obtained ▁more ▁resources ▁to ▁take ▁more ▁pictures ▁of ▁the ▁group . ▁Some ▁started ▁considering ▁Ab rah ão ▁a ▁suspect ▁because ▁he ▁sent ▁pictures ▁and ▁articles ▁to ▁newsp apers ▁describing ▁their ▁advent ures , ▁but ▁also ▁for ▁his ▁knowledge ▁of ▁the ▁where about s ▁of ▁the ▁group . ▁ ▁Ab andon ▁and ▁rescue ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁newsp apers ▁trans cribed ▁the ▁order ▁from ▁the ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁national ▁Department ▁of ▁Press ▁and ▁Pro pag anda ▁( Dep art amento ▁de ▁Im pr ensa ▁e ▁Pro pag anda - DI P ) ▁that ▁determined ▁the ▁se iz ure ▁of ▁the ▁movie ▁“ L amp ião ”. ▁ ▁Here ▁is ▁the ▁trans cription : ▁ ▁< code > {{ Qu ote \| text = ▁Secretary ▁of ▁Public ▁Security ▁of ▁the ▁C ear á ▁State . ▁C ame ▁to ▁the ▁knowledge ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Department ▁of ▁Press ▁and ▁Pro pag anda ▁that
▁is ▁being ▁announced ▁or ▁exhib ited ▁in ▁the ▁capital ▁or ▁in ▁the ▁cities ▁of ▁your ▁state , ▁a ▁movie ▁about ▁L amp ião , ▁the ▁property ▁of ▁“ A ba ▁Fil mes ” ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁street ▁Major ▁Fac undo . ▁I ▁request ▁the ▁immediate ▁app reh ension ▁of ▁the ▁c ited ▁movie , ▁with ▁all ▁its ▁copies ▁and ▁neg atives ▁to ▁be ▁sent ▁to ▁this ▁department . ▁The ▁neg ot iation ▁of ▁this ▁movie ▁with ▁third ▁parties ▁should ▁be ▁avoided ▁for ▁the ▁movie ▁not ▁to ▁leave ▁Brazil . ▁Reg ard ful ▁gre et ings . \| sign = ▁Lou rival ▁Font es ▁\| source = Direct or ▁of ▁the ▁national ▁Department ▁of ▁Press ▁and ▁Pro pag anda }} </ code > H is ▁works ▁were ▁forgotten ▁until ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁when ▁the ▁Get ú lio ▁V agas ▁Foundation ▁incorpor ated ▁them . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁his ▁life ▁became ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁the ▁movie ▁Per f umed ▁Ball ' '. ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁his ▁work ▁was ▁presented ▁in ▁many ▁expos itions ▁in ▁Paris , ▁São ▁Paulo ▁and ▁Rio ▁de ▁Janeiro . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Radio ▁France ▁Intern ac ionale : ▁As ▁fot os ▁e ▁o ▁mit o ▁do ▁C anga ço . ▁ ▁Im agens ▁perpet u am ▁o ▁mit o ▁de ▁L amp ião . ▁ ▁Category : B raz ilian ▁photograph ers ▁Category : 1 8 9 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 8
▁death s <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁the ▁list ▁of ▁members ▁of ▁D ew an ▁Rak y at ▁comm itte es , ▁which ▁compr ise ▁Committee ▁of ▁Selection , ▁House ▁Committee , ▁Stand ing ▁Or ders ▁Committee , ▁Committee ▁of ▁Priv ile ges ▁and ▁Public ▁Account s ▁Committee . ▁The ▁list ▁of ▁committee ▁members ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁Parliament , ▁however , ▁reflect ▁those ▁of ▁Selection ▁Committee ▁only . ▁▁ 1 4 th ▁Parliament ▁ ▁Committee ▁of ▁Selection ▁ ▁House ▁Committee ▁ ▁Stand ing ▁Or ders ▁Committee ▁ ▁Committee ▁of ▁Priv ile ges ▁ ▁Public ▁Account s ▁Committee ▁▁ 1 3 th ▁Parliament ▁▁ 1 2 th ▁Parliament ▁▁ 1 1 th ▁Parliament ▁▁ 1 0 th ▁Parliament ▁▁ 9 th ▁Parliament ▁▁ 8 th ▁Parliament ▁▁ 7 th ▁Parliament ▁▁ 6 th ▁Parliament ▁▁ 5 th ▁Parliament ▁▁ 4 th ▁Parliament ▁▁ 3 rd ▁Parliament ▁▁ 2 nd ▁Parliament ▁▁ 1 st ▁Parliament ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Malays ia ▁ ▁Category : Mal ays ian ▁parliament s ▁* ▁Category : List s ▁of ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Malays ia <0x0A> </s> ▁S ale h ▁Em ara ▁( born ▁ 1 ▁June ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁in ▁Mon uf ia ) ▁is ▁an ▁Egypt ian ▁fre est yle ▁wrest ler . ▁He ▁qualified ▁to ▁comp ete ▁in ▁the ▁fre est yle ▁ 9 6 ▁kg ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics , ▁but ▁he ▁and ▁fellow ▁Egypt ian ▁wrest
ler ▁Abd ou ▁O mar ▁Abd ou ▁Ah med ▁for fe ited ▁their ▁only ▁matches ▁after ▁showing ▁up ▁late ▁to ▁their ▁events . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁wrest lers ▁of ▁Egypt ▁Category : W rest lers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : W rest lers ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : E gypt ian ▁male ▁sport ▁wrest lers ▁ ▁Category : Med iter rane an ▁Games ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Egypt ▁Category : Comp et itors ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Mediter rane an ▁Games ▁Category : Med iter rane an ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁wrest ling <0x0A> </s> ▁Lad ki ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁H indi - language ▁rom antic ▁comedy ▁film ▁written ▁by ▁V . S . ▁V enk at as al am ▁and ▁directed ▁by ▁M . V . ▁Ram an . ▁The ▁film ▁star red ▁V yj ay anth im ala , ▁K ish ore ▁K umar , ▁B har at ▁Bh ush an ▁and ▁An j ali ▁De vi ▁in ▁the ▁lead , ▁while ▁Ch itt or ▁V . ▁N aga iah , ▁Le ela ▁M ish ra , ▁Om ▁P rak ash , ▁Raj ▁Me h ra ▁and ▁Master ▁Ch hot u ▁were ▁the ▁ensemble ▁cast . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁A . ▁V . ▁Ch ett iar ▁of ▁A VM ▁Produ ctions
. ▁The ▁film ' s ▁score ▁was ▁composed ▁by ▁R . ▁Sud ars an am ▁and ▁D han ir am , ▁edited ▁by ▁K . ▁Sh ank ar ▁and ▁M . ▁V . ▁Ram an ▁and ▁was ▁fil med ▁by ▁Y us uf ▁Mul ji ▁and ▁T . ▁M uth u ▁Sam i . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁R ani ▁( V yj ay anth im ala ), ▁a ▁femin ist , ▁is ▁best ▁friends ▁with ▁Kam ini ▁( An j ali ▁De vi ), ▁much ▁to ▁the ▁disapp ro val ▁of ▁her ▁mother , ▁since ▁Kam ini ' s ▁father ▁( Ch itt or ▁V ▁N aga iah ) ▁had ▁married ▁a ▁woman ▁of ▁low ▁cas te . ▁They ▁meet ▁R aja ▁( B har at ▁Bh ush an ), ▁a ▁medical ▁student , ▁and ▁K ish ore ▁( K ish ore ▁K umar ). ▁After ▁the ▁initial ▁t uss le , ▁R aja ▁and ▁Kam ini ▁fall ▁in ▁love ▁while ▁K ish ore ▁lik es ▁R ani . ▁R ani ▁goes ▁to ▁Col om bo ▁for ▁the ▁University ▁Sports ▁Tournament , ▁and ▁while ▁winning ▁every ▁single ▁event ▁she ▁enters ▁there , ▁she ▁inj ures ▁her ▁leg ▁and ▁is ▁in ▁hospital . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Kam ini ▁and ▁R aja ▁marry ▁secret ly , ▁since ▁he ▁knows ▁his ▁woman - h ating , ▁upper ▁cas te ▁father ▁will ▁never ▁agree ▁to ▁this ▁marriage . ▁Captain ▁Sund ar , ▁Kam ini ' s ▁child hood ▁friend , ▁comes ▁from ▁R ango on ▁and ▁wants ▁to
▁marry ▁Kam ini , ▁but ▁is ▁sh atter ed ▁as ▁he ▁finds ▁out ▁she ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁R aja . ▁R aja ' s ▁parents ▁are ▁told ▁of ▁the ▁wed ding ▁and ▁they ▁call ▁him ▁home ▁asking ▁him ▁to ▁forget ▁the ▁marriage ▁and ▁marry ▁a ▁girl ▁of ▁their ▁choice . ▁R aja ▁ref uses ▁and ▁goes ▁back ▁to ▁Kam ini ▁and ▁misunder stand s ▁the ▁situation ▁when ▁he ▁sees ▁Kam ini ▁with ▁Sund ar . ▁He ▁returns ▁to ▁his ▁parents ▁and ▁tells ▁them ▁he ' s ▁willing ▁to ▁marry ▁the ▁girl ▁of ▁their ▁lik ing ▁who ▁turns ▁out ▁to ▁be ▁R ani , ▁having ▁returned ▁from ▁Col om bo . ▁Kam ini , ▁dev ast ated ▁by ▁R aja ' s ▁bet ray al , ▁dec ides ▁to ▁commit ▁suic ide . ▁Finally ▁with ▁K ish ore ▁and ▁Sund ar ' s ▁help , ▁everything ▁is ▁sorted ▁out ▁and ▁R aja ▁is ▁re - un ited ▁with ▁Kam ini , ▁while ▁K ish ore ▁mar ries ▁R ani . ▁ ▁Cast ▁▁ ▁V yj ay anth im ala ▁as ▁R ani ▁Me h ra ▁ ▁An j ali ▁De vi ▁as ▁Kam ini ▁ ▁B har at ▁Bh ush an ▁as ▁R aja ▁ ▁K ish ore ▁K umar ▁as ▁K ish ore ▁ ▁V . ▁Nag iah ▁as ▁Kam ini ' s ▁father ▁ ▁Om ▁P rak ash ▁as ▁Haz ur das ▁ ▁U mes h ▁Sh arma ▁ ▁Rand h ir ▁as ▁N ain su kh ▁ ▁Raj ▁Me h ra
▁as ▁Colonel ▁Me h ra , ▁R ani ▁Me h ra ' s ▁father ▁ ▁Master ▁Ch ot u ▁ ▁So pe ▁ ▁Le ela ▁M ish ra ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁Haz ur das ▁ ▁Ind ira ▁Ach ary a ▁as ▁Kam ini ' s ▁Mother ▁ ▁Production ▁ ▁Lad ki ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁A . ▁V . ▁Me iy app an , ▁founder ▁of ▁A VM ▁Produ ctions . ▁It ▁was ▁simultaneously ▁shot ▁in ▁T amil ▁as ▁P enn ▁and ▁Tel ug u ▁as ▁Sang ham , ▁with ▁V yj ay anth im ala ▁st arring ▁as ▁the ▁female ▁lead ▁in ▁all ▁three ▁versions . ▁ ▁Sound track ▁ ▁The ▁film ' s ▁sound track ▁was ▁composed ▁by ▁R . ▁Sud ars an am ▁and ▁D han ir am , ▁while ▁the ▁lyr ics ▁were ▁provided ▁by ▁Raj endra ▁Kr ish an . ▁The ▁song ▁" B a at ▁Chal at ▁N ai ▁Ch un ari ▁Rang ▁D ari " ▁and ▁" S ha adi ▁Sh a adi " ▁s ung ▁by ▁Ge eta ▁D utt ▁and ▁K ish ore ▁K umar ▁respectively , ▁becomes ▁the ▁successful ▁songs ▁of ▁the ▁film . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Upper st all ' s ▁rev iewer ▁Kar an ▁B ali ▁wrote : ▁" As ▁with ▁Bah ar ▁and ▁many ▁of ▁her ▁early ▁films , ▁it ▁is ▁V yj ay anth im ala ' s ▁d ances ▁that ▁are ▁the ▁film ' s ▁saving ▁gra ces ▁although ▁it ▁is ▁un int ention ally ▁fun ny ▁now
▁to ▁see ▁how ▁deliber ate ▁and ▁obviously ▁tack y ▁the ▁sequences ▁are ▁which ▁lead ▁into ▁her ▁d ances ▁[...] ▁Lad ki ▁too ▁makes ▁no ▁real ▁dem ands ▁on ▁' f em in ist ' ▁tom boy ▁V yj ay anth im ala ▁h istr ion ically ▁[...] ▁K ish ore ▁K umar ▁are ▁strictly ▁support ive ▁append ages ▁at ▁best ▁[...] ▁K ish ore ▁K umar ▁does ▁what ▁he ▁can , ▁bringing ▁the ▁film ▁to ▁life ▁with ▁his ▁l ively ▁ant ics ▁whenever ▁he ▁is ▁on ▁screen . ▁One ▁sees ▁his ▁potential ▁for ▁z any ▁comedy ▁that ▁would ▁go ▁on ▁to ▁flower ▁fully ▁in ▁films ▁like ▁A asha ▁( 1 9 5 7 ), ▁Ch alt i ▁Ka ▁Na am ▁Ga adi ▁( 1 9 5 8 ) ▁and ▁Half ▁T icket ▁( 1 9 6 2 ) ". ▁ ▁Box ▁office ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁its ▁the atr ical ▁run , ▁the ▁film ▁gross ed ▁around ▁ 1 , 5 0 , 0 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁second ▁highest - g ross ing ▁film ▁of ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁with ▁a ▁ver dict ▁of ▁" hit ". ▁ ▁Table ▁of ▁P enn ▁and ▁its ▁rem akes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 3 ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 5 0 s ▁H indi - language ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁black - and - white ▁films ▁Category : Ind ian ▁rom antic ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category
: Ind ian ▁mult iling ual ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁St . ▁Joseph ▁C iv ic ▁Arena ▁is ▁a ▁ 3 , 8 0 0 - se at ▁multi - pur pose ▁ar ena ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁in ▁St . ▁Joseph , ▁Missouri ▁USA . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁used ▁mainly ▁to ▁host ▁ind oor ▁sport ing ▁events , ▁such ▁as ▁basketball , ▁ar ena ▁football ▁and ▁National ▁Bull ▁R iding ▁Final s . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁hosted ▁two ▁American ▁Professional ▁Football ▁League ▁franch ises , ▁the ▁St . ▁Joseph ▁Ex pl or ers ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁and ▁the ▁St . ▁Joseph ▁Storm ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁It ▁hosted ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Women ' s ▁Division ▁II ▁Basketball ▁Championship ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁It ▁has ▁and ▁continues ▁to ▁host ▁the ▁National ▁Federation ▁of ▁Professional ▁Bull rid ers ' ▁National ▁Final s , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁will ▁mark ▁their ▁ 1 4 th ▁year ▁at ▁the ▁C iv ic ▁Arena . ▁The ▁ar ena ▁is ▁also ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁Black s nake ▁Rol ler g irls ▁MA DE ▁roll er ▁der by ▁league . ▁ ▁The ▁Arena ▁immediately ▁adjacent ▁to ▁the ▁I - 2 2 9 ▁dow nt own ▁St . ▁Joseph ▁exit ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁Pat ty ▁Ber ke b ile ▁Nelson ▁and ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁and
▁was ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁dow nt own ▁St . ▁Joseph ▁urban ▁renew al ▁project . ▁ ▁Other ▁work ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁issue ▁included ▁purchase ▁and ▁extensive ▁renov ation ▁of ▁the ▁Missouri ▁Theater ▁and ▁Missouri ▁Theater ▁Building . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Arena ▁home page ▁ ▁Category : S ports ▁ven ues ▁in ▁Missouri ▁Category : Ind oor ▁aren as ▁in ▁Missouri ▁Category : A ren a ▁football ▁ven ues ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁St . ▁Joseph , ▁Missouri ▁Category : T our ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁Buch an an ▁County , ▁Missouri ▁Category : B asketball ▁ven ues ▁in ▁Missouri ▁Category : 1 9 8 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Missouri ▁Category : S ports ▁ven ues ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 <0x0A> </s> ▁Anth ia ▁for nas ini i ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁ground ▁be et le ▁in ▁the ▁sub family ▁Anth i inae . ▁It ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁Bert ol oni ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁specific ▁ep ith et ▁for nas ini i ▁is ▁in ▁honour ▁of ▁Italian ▁amateur ▁natural ist ▁Carlo ▁Antonio ▁For nas ini . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : An th i inae ▁( be et le ) ▁Category : Be et les ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁B abs ▁Sim pson ▁( born ▁Be atrice ▁C ros by ▁de ▁Men ocal ; ▁ ▁– ▁) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁magazine ▁editor . ▁She ▁is ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁her ▁ 2 5 - year ▁ten ure ▁at
▁Vog ue ▁as ▁a ▁fashion ▁editor . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁The ▁oldest ▁of ▁four ▁children , ▁Sim pson ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁in ▁Be ij ing ▁( then ▁called ▁P ek ing ), ▁China , ▁to ▁Daniel ▁Am men ▁de ▁Men ocal , ▁a ▁bank er ▁from ▁an ▁arist ocr atic ▁Cub an ▁family , ▁and ▁Be atrice ▁( C ros by ) ▁de ▁Men ocal , ▁a ▁New ▁York ▁social ite . ▁The ▁family ▁lived ▁in ▁South ▁America ▁before ▁sett ling ▁in ▁Boston , ▁Massachusetts . ▁▁ ▁Sim pson ▁married ▁William ▁Sim pson ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁Loc ust ▁Valley , ▁New ▁York ; ▁they ▁divor ced ▁seven ▁years ▁later . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁two ▁years ▁after ▁moving ▁to ▁Manh attan , ▁Sim pson ▁obtained ▁( through ▁a ▁friend ) ▁a ▁position ▁at ▁Har per ' s ▁B az aar , ▁working ▁in ▁a ▁photograph er ' s ▁studio . ▁She ▁was ▁then ▁h ired ▁to ▁work ▁for ▁the ▁magazine ▁itself , ▁under ▁editor ▁Car mel ▁Snow . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁she ▁left ▁Har per ' s ▁B az aar ▁to ▁work ▁at ▁Vog ue , ▁where ▁she ▁would ▁remain ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁As ▁a ▁fashion ▁editor , ▁Sim pson ▁covered ▁fashion ▁shows ▁and ▁produced ▁photo ▁sho ots . ▁She ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁the ▁photograph er ▁Ir ving ▁P enn ▁on ▁many ▁of ▁his ▁icon ic ▁images . ▁She ▁sty
led ▁what ▁would ▁become ▁Mar il yn ▁Mon roe ' s ▁final ▁photo ▁shoot , ▁photograph ed ▁by ▁Bert ▁Stern ▁a ▁month ▁before ▁her ▁death . ▁ ▁After ▁leaving ▁Vog ue , ▁Sim pson ▁worked ▁at ▁House ▁& ▁Garden ▁magazine ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁until ▁it ▁was ▁sh utter ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 9 3 , ▁Sim pson ▁became ▁the ▁oldest ▁person ▁to ▁be ▁featured ▁in ▁Vog ue , ▁when ▁she ▁appeared ▁in ▁its ▁annual ▁Age ▁Issue . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁at ▁age ▁ 9 9 , ▁she ▁was ▁featured ▁in ▁In ▁Vog ue : ▁The ▁Editor ' s ▁E ye , ▁an ▁H BO ▁document ary ▁about ▁the ▁fashion ▁edit ors ▁at ▁Vog ue . ▁ ▁Sim pson ▁was ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 5 - year ▁relationship ▁with ▁art ▁deal er ▁Paul ▁Mag riel ; ▁they ▁lived ▁in ▁separate ▁apart ments ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁Manh attan ▁a partment ▁building ▁throughout ▁their ▁relationship ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁marry . ▁Sim pson ▁owned ▁a ▁Paul ▁L ester ▁We iner - des igned ▁modern ist ▁home ▁in ▁Am ag ans ett , ▁New ▁York , ▁built ▁for ▁her ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 3 . ▁She ▁spent ▁her ▁later ▁years ▁in ▁a ▁ret irement ▁community ▁in ▁R ye , ▁New ▁York . ▁She ▁died ▁on ▁January ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 0 5
. ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁death s ▁Category : V og ue ▁( mag azine ) ▁people ▁Category : F ashion ▁edit ors ▁Category : American ▁cent en ari ans <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁politics ▁of ▁Egypt ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁republic an ism , ▁with ▁a ▁semi - pres ident ial ▁system ▁of ▁government . ▁The ▁current ▁political ▁system ▁was ▁established ▁following ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁the ▁res ignation ▁of ▁President ▁H os ni ▁M ub ar ak . ▁In ▁the ▁current ▁system , ▁the ▁President ▁is ▁elected ▁for ▁a ▁six - year ▁term , ▁where ▁he ▁is ▁able ▁to ▁appoint ▁up ▁to ▁ 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁parliament . ▁Furthermore , ▁the ▁President ▁has ▁the ▁power ▁to ▁dissol ve ▁Parliament ▁through ▁Article ▁ 1 3 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Egypt ▁is ▁the ▁oldest ▁legisl ative ▁chamber ▁in ▁Africa ▁and ▁the ▁Middle ▁East . ▁The ▁un ic amer al ▁Parliament ▁has ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁im pe ach ▁the ▁President ▁through ▁Article ▁ 1 6 1 . ▁ ▁Pres iden cy ▁ ▁The ▁president ▁is ▁elected ▁for ▁a ▁six - year ▁term ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁renew ed ▁once . ▁To ▁run ▁for ▁president , ▁candidates ▁must ▁provide ▁ 3 0 , 0 0 1 ▁sign atures ▁from ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 5 ▁provinces , ▁provide ▁sign atures ▁from ▁ 3 0 ▁members ▁of ▁a ▁chamber ▁of ▁the ▁legisl ature , ▁or ▁run ▁through
▁nom ination ▁by ▁a ▁party ▁holding ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁seat ▁in ▁the ▁legisl ature . ▁ ▁The ▁position ▁was ▁created ▁after ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 1 9 5 2 ; ▁Moh ammed ▁N agu ib ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁hold ▁the ▁position . ▁Before ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁Parliament ▁chose ▁a ▁candidate ▁for ▁the ▁presiden cy ▁and ▁the ▁people ▁voted , ▁in ▁a ▁refer endum , ▁whether ▁or ▁not ▁they ▁appro ve ▁the ▁proposed ▁candidate ▁for ▁president . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁first ▁president ial ▁elections ▁were ▁held , ▁with ▁multiple ▁candidates ▁standing ▁for ▁the ▁position , ▁however , ▁the ▁elections ▁were ▁de emed ▁neither ▁fair ▁nor ▁free . ▁After ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁a ▁new ▁president ial ▁election ▁was ▁held ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁free ▁and ▁fair ▁elections ▁in ▁Egypt ' s ▁political ▁history . ▁After ▁a ▁wave ▁of ▁public ▁dis content ▁with ▁aut ocr atic ▁excess es ▁of ▁the ▁Muslim ▁Bro ther hood ▁government ▁of ▁President ▁Moh amed ▁M ors i ; ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁marked ▁the ▁announ cement , ▁by ▁General ▁Ab del ▁F att ah ▁el - S isi , ▁of ▁the ▁removal ▁of ▁M ors i ▁from ▁office . ▁El - S isi ▁then ▁was ▁himself ▁elected ▁head ▁of ▁state ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁president ial ▁election . ▁ ▁Egypt ▁adopted ▁the ▁semi - pres ident ial
▁system ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁where by , ▁the ▁President ▁has ▁the ▁power ▁to ▁dissol ve ▁the ▁Parliament , ▁declare ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁emer gency ▁and ▁declare ▁wars . ▁Though , ▁the ▁Parliament ▁must ▁appro ve ▁any ▁law ▁first . ▁The ▁Parliament ▁can ▁im pe ach ▁the ▁President ▁after ▁two - third s ▁votes ▁in ▁favour ▁for ▁im pe achment , ▁and ▁then ▁a ▁public ▁refer endum ▁is ▁held ▁to ▁whether ▁or ▁not ▁appro ve ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁of ▁the ▁President . ▁ ▁A ▁constitution al ▁refer endum ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁Egypt ▁from ▁ 2 0 – 2 2 ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁with ▁over se as ▁voting ▁taking ▁place ▁between ▁ 1 9 ▁and ▁ 2 1 ▁April . ▁The ▁proposed ▁changes ▁allowed ▁President ▁Ab del ▁F att ah ▁el - S isi ▁to ▁remain ▁in ▁power ▁until ▁ 2 0 3 0 ; ▁under ▁the ▁previous ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁constitution , ▁he ▁would ▁have ▁been ▁bar red ▁from ▁contest ing ▁the ▁next ▁elections , ▁set ▁to ▁take ▁place ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 2 . ▁The ▁changes ▁were ▁approved ▁by ▁ 8 8 . 8 3 % ▁of ▁vot ers ▁who ▁voted , ▁with ▁a ▁ 4 4 % ▁turn out ▁. ▁ ▁Legisl ative ▁branch ▁ ▁Parliament ▁meets ▁for ▁one ▁eight - month ▁session ▁each ▁year ; ▁under ▁special ▁circumstances ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁can ▁call ▁an ▁additional ▁session . ▁Even ▁though ▁the ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁have ▁increased ▁since ▁the ▁
1 9 8 0 ▁Am end ments ▁of ▁the ▁Constitution , ▁the ▁Parliament ▁continues ▁to ▁lack ▁the ▁powers ▁to ▁balance ▁the ▁extensive ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁President . ▁ ▁The ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁( Mag les ▁en ▁Now w áb ) ▁The ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁is ▁the ▁principal ▁legisl ative ▁body . ▁It ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁maximum ▁ 5 9 6 ▁represent atives ▁with ▁ 4 4 8 ▁are ▁directly ▁elected ▁through ▁F P TP ▁and ▁another ▁ 1 2 0 ▁elected ▁through ▁proportional ▁representation ▁in ▁ 4 ▁nation wide ▁districts ▁while ▁the ▁President ▁can ▁appoint ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 8 . ▁ ▁The ▁House ▁s its ▁for ▁a ▁five - year ▁term ▁but ▁can ▁be ▁dissol ved ▁earlier ▁by ▁the ▁President . ▁The ▁Constitution ▁res erves ▁fifty ▁per ▁cent ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁may ▁force ▁the ▁res ignation ▁of ▁the ▁executive ▁cabinet ▁by ▁voting ▁a ▁motion ▁of ▁c ensure . ▁For ▁this ▁reason , ▁the ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁and ▁his ▁cabinet ▁are ▁necessarily ▁from ▁the ▁dominant ▁party ▁or ▁coal ition ▁in ▁the ▁assembly . ▁In ▁the ▁case ▁of ▁a ▁president ▁and ▁house ▁from ▁oppos ing ▁parties , ▁this ▁leads ▁to ▁the ▁situation ▁known ▁as ▁coh ab itation . ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁recent ▁elections ▁held ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁Cons ult ative ▁Council ▁( Mag lis ▁El - Sh ura ) ▁The ▁Sh ura ▁Council ▁was ▁the ▁ 2 6 4 - member ▁upper ▁house ▁of ▁Parliament ▁created ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁In ▁the ▁Sh ura ▁Council ,
▁ 1 7 6 ▁members ▁were ▁directly ▁elected ▁and ▁ 8 8 ▁members ▁were ▁appointed ▁by ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁for ▁six - year ▁terms . ▁One ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁Sh ura ▁Council ▁was ▁renew ed ▁every ▁three ▁years . ▁ ▁The ▁Sh ura ▁Council ' s ▁legisl ative ▁powers ▁were ▁limited . ▁On ▁most ▁matters ▁of ▁legisl ation , ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Assembly ▁retained ▁the ▁last ▁word ▁in ▁the ▁event ▁of ▁a ▁disag re ement ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁houses . ▁ ▁The ▁Sh ura ▁Council ▁was ▁abol ished ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁constitution . ▁ ▁Parliament ary ▁E lections ▁Political ▁parties ▁in ▁Egypt ▁are ▁numerous ▁and ▁exceed s ▁ 1 0 0 ▁parties . ▁The ▁formation ▁of ▁political ▁parties ▁based ▁on ▁religion , ▁race ▁or ▁gender ▁is ▁prohib ited ▁by ▁the ▁Constitution . ▁Before ▁the ▁revolution ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁power ▁was ▁concentr ated ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁and ▁the ▁National ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁which ▁retained ▁a ▁super - major ity ▁in ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Assembly . ▁ ▁Many ▁new ▁political ▁parties ▁that ▁mostly ▁were ▁frag ile ▁formed ▁in ▁anticip ation ▁of ▁running ▁candidates ▁in ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁parliament ary ▁election , ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 2 ▁that ▁was ▁considered ▁the ▁first ▁free ▁one ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁revolution . ▁However ▁the ▁elected ▁Parliament ▁was ▁dissol ved ▁by ▁the ▁constitution al ▁court ▁and ▁new ▁elections ▁were ▁held ▁in ▁ 2 0
1 5 ▁ ▁Below ▁the ▁national ▁level , ▁authority ▁is ▁exerc ised ▁by ▁and ▁through ▁govern ors ▁and ▁may ors ▁appointed ▁by ▁the ▁central ▁government ▁and ▁by ▁popular ly ▁elected ▁local ▁coun c ils . ▁ ▁Political ▁parties ▁and ▁elections ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁Constitution , ▁political ▁parties ▁are ▁allowed ▁to ▁exist . ▁Relig ious ▁political ▁parties ▁are ▁not ▁allowed ▁as ▁it ▁would ▁not ▁respect ▁the ▁principle ▁of ▁non - inter ference ▁of ▁religion ▁in ▁politics ▁and ▁that ▁religion ▁has ▁to ▁remain ▁in ▁the ▁private ▁sphere ▁to ▁respect ▁all ▁belief s . ▁Also ▁forb idden ▁are ▁political ▁parties ▁supporting ▁milit ia ▁form ations ▁or ▁having ▁an ▁ag enda ▁that ▁is ▁contradict ory ▁to ▁the ▁constitution ▁and ▁its ▁principles , ▁or ▁threaten ing ▁the ▁country ' s ▁stability ▁such ▁as ▁national ▁unity ▁between ▁Muslim ▁Egypt ians ▁and ▁Christian ▁Egypt ians . ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁there ▁are ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 0 ▁registered ▁political ▁parties ▁in ▁Egypt . ▁The ▁largest ▁are ▁the ▁Free ▁Egypt ians ▁Party , ▁New ▁W af d ▁Party , ▁Conference ▁Party , ▁and ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁Social ▁Democratic ▁Party . ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Egypt ian ▁president ial ▁election ▁ ▁Civil ▁society ▁ ▁Egypt ians ▁had ▁lived ▁under ▁emer gency ▁law ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁until ▁ 3 1 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁( with ▁one ▁ 1 8 - month ▁break ▁starting ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 ). ▁Emer gency ▁laws ▁have ▁been ▁extended ▁every
▁three ▁years ▁since ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁These ▁laws ▁sharp ly ▁circ ums cribed ▁any ▁non - g overn ment al ▁political ▁activity : ▁street ▁demonstr ations , ▁non - appro ved ▁political ▁organizations , ▁and ▁un register ed ▁financial ▁don ations ▁were ▁formally ▁b anned . ▁However , ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁these ▁restrictions ▁have ▁been ▁viol ated ▁in ▁practice . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁ag enda ▁shift ed ▁heavily ▁towards ▁local ▁dem ocr atic ▁re forms , ▁opposition ▁to ▁the ▁succession ▁of ▁Gam al ▁M ub ar ak ▁as ▁president , ▁and ▁re jection ▁of ▁violence ▁by ▁state ▁security ▁forces . ▁Gr oups ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁latest ▁wave ▁include ▁P CS PI , ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁Mov ement ▁for ▁Change ▁( K ef aya ), ▁and ▁the ▁Association ▁for ▁Egypt ian ▁M oth ers . ▁ ▁Sub st ant ial ▁pe asant ▁activ ism ▁exists ▁on ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁issues , ▁especially ▁related ▁to ▁land ▁rights ▁and ▁land ▁reform . ▁A ▁major ▁turning ▁point , ▁was ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁repe al ▁of ▁N asser - era ▁land ▁reform ▁policies ▁under ▁pressure ▁for ▁struct ural ▁adjust ment . ▁A ▁pole ▁for ▁this ▁activity ▁is ▁the ▁Land ▁Center ▁for ▁Human ▁Rights . ▁ ▁The ▁Egypt ian ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁recent ▁revolution ▁in ▁Tun is ia , ▁forced ▁the ▁res ignation ▁of ▁President ▁M ub ar ak ▁and ▁the ▁Military ▁Jun ta ▁that ▁succeeded
▁him ▁ab rog ated ▁the ▁Constitution ▁and ▁promised ▁free ▁and ▁fair ▁elections ▁under ▁a ▁new ▁one . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 5 ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁President ▁al - S isi ▁en act ed ▁a ▁new ▁C ounter - T error ism ▁Law , ▁which ▁Human ▁Rights ▁Watch ▁claims ▁" m im ics " ▁language ▁" al ready ▁contained ▁in ▁Egypt ’ s ▁dec ades - old ▁Emer gency ▁Law ". ▁In ▁article ▁ 5 3 , ▁the ▁new ▁law ▁gives ▁the ▁president ▁power ▁to ▁take ▁` app ropri ate ▁measures ▁to ▁protect ▁the ▁general ▁order ▁and ▁security ` ▁to ▁confront ▁the ▁danger ▁of ▁terror ism ▁or ▁in ▁case ▁of ▁an ▁environmental ▁cat ast rop he . ▁This ▁includes ▁" the ▁power ▁to ▁order ▁six - month ▁cur f ew s ▁or ▁ev acu ations ▁in ▁defined ▁areas , ▁subject ▁to ▁a ▁majority ▁vote ▁in ▁parliament ▁within ▁seven ▁days , ▁or ▁cabinet ▁appro val ▁if ▁parliament ▁is ▁not ▁in ▁session ." ▁ ▁Political ▁pressure ▁Before ▁the ▁revolution , ▁M ub ar ak ▁toler ated ▁limited ▁political ▁activity ▁by ▁the ▁Bro ther hood ▁for ▁his ▁first ▁two ▁terms , ▁ ▁then ▁moved ▁more ▁ag gress ively ▁to ▁block ▁its ▁influence . ▁Trade ▁un ions ▁and ▁professional ▁associations ▁are ▁officially ▁san ction ed . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁in ▁Upper ▁Egypt , ▁several ▁newsp apers ▁reported ▁that ▁the ▁region ▁of ▁Upper ▁Egypt ▁wants ▁to ▁se ced e ▁from ▁Egypt ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁improve ▁living ▁standards . ▁ ▁Foreign ▁relations
▁ ▁The ▁permanent ▁headquarters ▁for ▁the ▁League ▁of ▁Arab ▁States ▁( The ▁Arab ▁League ) ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁C airo . ▁The ▁Secretary - General ▁of ▁the ▁League ▁has ▁tradition ally ▁been ▁an ▁Egypt ian . ▁Form er ▁Egypt ian ▁Foreign ▁Minister ▁Ah med ▁Ab u ▁El ▁G het ▁is ▁the ▁present ▁Secretary - General ▁of ▁the ▁Arab ▁League . ▁The ▁Arab ▁League ▁moved ▁out ▁of ▁Egypt ▁to ▁Tun is ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁as ▁a ▁protest ▁at ▁the ▁peace ▁treat y ▁with ▁Israel ▁but ▁returned ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁ ▁Egypt ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Arab ▁state ▁to ▁establish ▁diplom atic ▁relations ▁with ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Israel , ▁after ▁the ▁signing ▁of ▁the ▁Egypt – Is rael ▁Peace ▁Tre aty ▁at ▁the ▁Camp ▁David ▁Acc ords . ▁Egypt ▁has ▁a ▁major ▁influence ▁amongst ▁other ▁Arab ▁states , ▁and ▁has ▁histor ically ▁played ▁an ▁important ▁role ▁as ▁a ▁medi ator ▁in ▁resol ving ▁disput es ▁between ▁various ▁Arab ▁nations , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁Isra eli – Pal est in ian ▁dispute . ▁Most ▁Arab ▁nations ▁still ▁give ▁cred ence ▁to ▁Egypt ▁playing ▁that ▁role , ▁though ▁its ▁effects ▁are ▁often ▁limited . ▁ ▁Form er ▁Egypt ian ▁Deput y ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁B out ros ▁B out ros - G h ali ▁served ▁as ▁Secretary ▁General ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁ ▁A ▁territorial ▁dispute ▁with ▁Sud an ▁over ▁an ▁area ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁H ala ' ib
▁Tri angle , ▁has ▁meant ▁that ▁diplom atic ▁relations ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁remain ▁stra ined . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁H atem ▁El lies ie : ▁The ▁Rule ▁of ▁Law ▁in ▁Egypt . ▁In : ▁Matth ias ▁Ko etter ▁/ ▁G unn ar ▁Fol ke ▁Sch upp ert ▁( Ed s .), ▁Under standing ▁of ▁the ▁Rule ▁of ▁Law ▁in ▁various ▁Leg al ▁Or ders ▁of ▁the ▁World : ▁Working ▁P aper ▁Series ▁Nr . ▁ 5 ▁of ▁S FB ▁ 7 0 0 : ▁Govern ance ▁in ▁Limited ▁Are as ▁of ▁State hood , ▁Berlin ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Com parison ▁Between ▁An cient ▁And ▁Modern ▁Egypt ian ▁Govern ments ▁at ▁Ald ok kan ▁ ▁Egypt ▁at ▁Global ▁Integr ity ▁Report ▁ ▁Egypt : ▁A ▁Nation ▁in ▁Wait ing ▁( Al ▁J aze era ▁document ary ▁foc using ▁on ▁past ▁tr ends ▁in ▁Egypt ' s ▁political ▁history ▁and ▁protest s .) ▁ ▁General ▁government ▁sites ▁ ▁Official ▁Egypt ian ▁Government ▁Portal ▁ ▁Egypt ian ▁In vest ment ▁Portal ▁official ▁government ▁site ▁ ▁Egypt ▁State ▁Information ▁Service ▁official ▁government ▁site ▁ ▁The ▁Egypt ian ▁Pres iden cy ▁ ▁The ▁People ▁Assembly ▁of ▁Egypt ▁ ▁Egypt ian ▁Sh ou ra ▁Council ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Pol it ics ▁of ▁Egypt <0x0A> </s> ▁Go ose bum ps ▁is ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁children ' s ▁horror ▁fiction ▁nov els ▁by ▁American ▁author ▁R . ▁L . ▁St ine , ▁published ▁by ▁Sch ol astic ▁Publishing . ▁The ▁stories
▁follow ▁child ▁characters , ▁who ▁find ▁themselves ▁in ▁sc ary ▁situations , ▁usually ▁involving ▁mon sters ▁and ▁other ▁super natural ▁elements . ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁si xty - two ▁books ▁were ▁published ▁under ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁um bre lla ▁title . ▁Vari ous ▁spin - off ▁series ▁were ▁written ▁by ▁St ine : ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Series ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Give ▁Your self ▁Go ose bum ps , ▁T ales ▁to ▁Give ▁You ▁Go ose bum ps , ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Tri ple ▁Header , ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Hor ror Land , ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Most ▁W anted ▁and ▁Go ose bum ps ▁S la ppy World . ▁Another ▁series , ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Gold , ▁was ▁never ▁released . ▁Go ose bum ps ▁has ▁spawn ed ▁a ▁television ▁series ▁and ▁mer ch and ise , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁feature ▁films , ▁st arring ▁Jack ▁Black ▁as ▁St ine . ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁its ▁first ▁novel , ▁Welcome ▁to ▁Dead ▁House , ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁the ▁series ▁has ▁sold ▁over ▁ 4 0 0 ▁million ▁books ▁world wide ▁in ▁thirty - two ▁languages , ▁becoming ▁the ▁second - best - s elling ▁book ▁series ▁in ▁history , ▁after ▁J . ▁K . ▁Row ling ' s ▁Harry ▁Pot ter . ▁Ind ividual ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁have ▁been ▁listed ▁in ▁several ▁best s
eller ▁lists , ▁including ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁Best ▁S eller ▁list ▁for ▁children . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁and ▁genre ▁ ▁The ▁Go ose bum ps ▁series ▁falls ▁under ▁the ▁children ' s ▁fiction , ▁horror ▁and ▁thr iller ▁gen res , ▁although ▁St ine ▁character izes ▁the ▁series ▁as ▁" sc ary ▁books ▁that ▁are ▁also ▁fun ny ". ▁Each ▁book ▁features ▁different ▁child ▁characters ▁and ▁settings . ▁The ▁primary ▁protagon ists ▁are ▁middle ▁class ▁and ▁can ▁be ▁either ▁male ▁or ▁female . ▁The ▁primary ▁protagon ists ▁of ▁a ▁Go ose bum ps ▁story ▁are ▁often ▁situated ▁in ▁a ▁remote ▁location ▁or ▁somehow ▁isolated ▁from ▁typical ▁soci etal ▁convent ions . ▁This ▁can ▁range ▁anywhere ▁from ▁comfortable ▁sub urban ▁areas ▁to ▁board ing ▁schools , ▁foreign ▁villages ▁or ▁cam ps ites . ▁Books ▁typically ▁feature ▁characters ▁who ▁either ▁recently ▁moved ▁to ▁a ▁new ▁neighborhood ▁or ▁are ▁sent ▁to ▁stay ▁with ▁relatives . ▁ ▁The ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁series ▁feature ▁similar ▁plot ▁structures ▁with ▁fict ional ▁children ▁being ▁involved ▁in ▁sc ary ▁situations . ▁At ▁his ▁peak , ▁St ine ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁complete ▁these ▁stories ▁extremely ▁quickly , ▁some ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁written ▁in ▁only ▁six ▁days . ▁The ▁books ▁are ▁mostly ▁written ▁in ▁first ▁person ▁narr ative , ▁often ▁con cluding ▁with ▁tw ist ▁end ings . ▁They ▁contain ▁sur real ▁horror , ▁with ▁characters ▁encounter ing ▁the ▁strange ▁and ▁super natural . ▁The ▁author ▁has ▁plot ▁devices ▁he ▁follows ▁throughout ▁his ▁Go ose bum ps ▁books
. ▁St ine ▁says ▁he ▁does ▁not ▁have ▁any ▁death ▁in ▁his ▁stories , ▁and ▁the ▁children ▁in ▁his ▁nov els ▁are ▁never ▁put ▁into ▁situations ▁that ▁would ▁be ▁considered ▁too ▁serious . ▁He ▁attributed ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁his ▁books ▁to ▁their ▁absence ▁of ▁dru gs , ▁dep rav ity ▁and ▁violence . ▁ ▁In sp iration ▁and ▁them es ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁document ary ▁T ales ▁from ▁the ▁C rypt : ▁From ▁Com ic ▁Books ▁to ▁Television , ▁R . L . ▁St ine ▁said ▁that ▁he ▁remembered ▁reading ▁the ▁popular / inf am ous ▁T ales ▁from ▁the ▁C rypt ▁com ic ▁books ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁young ▁and ▁cred ited ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁inspir ations . ▁Books ▁and ▁characters ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁were ▁inspired ▁by ▁books ▁and ▁films . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁character ▁S la ppy ▁the ▁D ummy ▁was ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁literary ▁classic ▁The ▁Advent ures ▁of ▁Pin oc chio . ▁Some ▁of ▁St ine ' s ▁ideas ▁for ▁the ▁books ▁also ▁came ▁from ▁real ▁life ; ▁St ine ▁got ▁the ▁idea ▁for ▁the ▁book ▁The ▁Ha unted ▁M ask ▁after ▁his ▁son , ▁Matt , ▁had ▁a ▁Hall owe en ▁mask ▁he ▁had ▁trouble ▁getting ▁off . ▁St ine ▁also ▁uses ▁his ▁child hood ▁fear s ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁write ▁his ▁books . ▁The ▁author ▁said , ▁" L uck ily , ▁I ▁have ▁a ▁great ▁memory . ▁As ▁I ▁write ▁a ▁story , ▁I ▁can ▁remember ▁what ▁it ▁feels ▁like ▁to ▁be ▁afraid ▁and ▁pan
icky ". ▁St ine ▁states ▁he ▁often ▁thinks ▁of ▁a ▁title ▁to ▁a ▁novel ▁first , ▁then ▁lets ▁the ▁title ▁lead ▁him ▁to ▁a ▁story . ▁ ▁Two ▁common ▁them es ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁are ▁children ▁triumph ing ▁over ▁evil ▁and ▁children ▁facing ▁hor rid ▁or ▁fright ening ▁situations ▁and ▁using ▁their ▁own ▁wit ▁and ▁imagination ▁to ▁escape ▁them . ▁St ine ▁does ▁not ▁attempt ▁to ▁incorpor ate ▁moral ▁less ons ▁into ▁his ▁nov els , ▁and ▁says ▁his ▁books ▁are ▁" str ict ly ▁reading ▁motiv ation ". ▁ ▁Char acters ▁Rec urr ing ▁characters ▁who ▁appear ▁in ▁multiple ▁books ▁and ▁media . ▁ ▁S la ppy ▁the ▁D ummy ▁is ▁the ▁main ▁villa in ▁of ▁the ▁Night ▁of ▁the ▁Living ▁D ummy ▁s aga ▁and ▁the ▁most ▁rec urr ing ▁character ▁of ▁the ▁series . ▁The ▁Ha unted ▁M ask ▁is ▁the ▁villa in ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁s aga ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁The ▁Hor ror s ▁serve ▁as ▁the ▁main ▁villa in ( s ) ▁of ▁the ▁Hor ror Land ▁book ▁series . ▁The ▁Mon ster ▁Blood ▁is ▁the ▁tit ular ▁mon ster ▁of ▁the ▁book ▁series ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁Car ly ▁Beth ▁C ald well ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁rec urr ing ▁protagon ists ▁of ▁the ▁Ha unted ▁M ask ▁series . ▁E van ▁Ross ▁is ▁the ▁main ▁protagon ist ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁four ▁books ▁of ▁Mon ster ▁Blood . ▁L iz zy ▁Morris ▁is ▁the ▁protagon ist ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁Hor ror Land ▁books
▁and ▁a ▁major ▁protagon ist ▁of ▁the ▁Hor ror Land ▁series . ▁The ▁Men ace ▁is ▁the ▁main ▁villa in ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁story ▁arc ▁of ▁the ▁Hor ror Land ▁series . ▁Jonathan ▁Ch iller ▁is ▁the ▁main ▁villa in ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁arc ▁of ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Hor ror Land ▁series . ▁Ray ▁Gordon ▁is ▁the ▁narr ator ▁character ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁arc ▁of ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Hor ror Land . ▁ ▁Original ▁Go ose bum ps ▁series ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁St ine ' s ▁young ▁adult ▁horror ▁nov els , ▁the ▁co - found er ▁of ▁Par ach ute ▁Press ▁( the ▁company ▁that ▁developed ▁the ▁series ), ▁Joan ▁War icha , ▁persu aded ▁him ▁to ▁write ▁sc ary ▁books ▁for ▁younger ▁children . ▁St ine ▁says ▁the ▁name ▁for ▁the ▁book ▁series ▁came ▁to ▁him ▁after ▁he ▁saw ▁a ▁TV ▁station ' s ▁ad ▁in ▁TV ▁Guide ▁that ▁stated ▁" It ’ s ▁go ose bum ps ▁week ▁on ▁Channel ▁ 1 1 ". ▁He ▁originally ▁signed ▁a ▁six - book ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁publish er ▁Sch ol astic , ▁but ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁write ▁ 6 2 ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁series , ▁the ▁first ▁book ▁being ▁Welcome ▁to ▁Dead ▁House , ▁released ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁The ▁series ▁was ▁originally ▁aim ed ▁at ▁girls , ▁but ▁both ▁boys ▁and ▁girls ▁enjoyed ▁the ▁series ▁equally ▁with ▁half ▁of ▁St ine ' s ▁fan ▁mail ▁being ▁sent
▁from ▁boys . ▁The ▁cover ▁illustr ations ▁for ▁this ▁series ▁were ▁first ▁done ▁by ▁Tim ▁Jacob us . ▁Th irty - Two ▁of ▁the ▁books ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁series ▁were ▁later ▁re - re leased ▁with ▁new ▁art work ▁under ▁the ▁Classic ▁Go ose bum ps ▁rename . ▁ ▁Sp in - off ▁series ▁The ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁T ales ▁to ▁Give ▁You ▁Go ose bum ps ▁and ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Tri ple ▁Header ▁series ▁were ▁written ▁as ▁short ▁story ▁anth ologies , ▁featuring ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁stories ▁in ▁each ▁book . ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁six ▁T ales ▁to ▁Give ▁You ▁Go ose bum ps ▁books ▁were ▁published . ▁Two ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Tri ple ▁Header ▁books ▁were ▁released ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁beginning ▁with ▁Three ▁Sho ck ing ▁T ales ▁of ▁T error : ▁Book ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁Fif ty ▁Give ▁Your self ▁Go ose bum ps ▁books ▁were ▁published ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁starting ▁with ▁Es cape ▁from ▁the ▁Car n ival ▁of ▁Hor ror s . ▁The ▁books ▁in ▁this ▁series ▁were ▁written ▁as ▁game books , ▁featuring ▁multiple ▁end ings . ▁The ▁books ▁in ▁this ▁series ▁were ▁g host written ▁by ▁several ▁authors , ▁including ▁Kath ry n ▁L ance ▁and ▁St ine ' s ▁sister - in - law ▁Meg an ▁St ine . ▁Many ▁of ▁the
▁cover ▁illustr ations ▁for ▁this ▁series ▁were ▁done ▁by ▁Mark ▁Nag ata . ▁ ▁Due ▁to ▁decl ining ▁Go ose bum ps ▁sales ▁and ▁increasing ▁competition , ▁Sch ol astic ▁and ▁R . ▁L . ▁St ine ▁decided ▁to ▁create ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Series ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁ 2 5 ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁were ▁published , ▁beginning ▁with ▁Cry ▁of ▁the ▁Cat . ▁The ▁books ▁in ▁this ▁series ▁were ▁written ▁in ▁a ▁similar ▁format ▁and ▁featured ▁similar ▁content ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁series , ▁but ▁St ine ▁class ified ▁them ▁as ▁being ▁" m uch ▁scar ier ." ▁The ▁covers ▁in ▁this ▁series ▁were ▁illustrated ▁by ▁Tim ▁Jacob us . ▁ ▁The ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Gold ▁series ▁appeared ▁on ▁illustr ator ▁Tim ▁Jacob us ' s ▁website ▁and ▁market ing ▁sites ▁but ▁were ▁never ▁released . ▁In ▁this ▁series , ▁St ine ▁intended ▁to ▁write ▁a ▁sequ el ▁to ▁The ▁Ha unted ▁M ask ▁II ▁( The ▁Ha unted ▁M ask ▁L ives ! ), ▁and ▁a ▁sequ el ▁to ▁Welcome ▁to ▁Dead ▁House ▁( H appy ▁Hol id ays ▁from ▁Dead ▁House ). ▁It ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁book ▁series ▁by ▁St ine ▁that ▁was ▁planned ▁to ▁be ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁( the ▁other ▁was ▁The ▁Night m are ▁Room ). ▁ ▁The ▁series ▁was ▁renew ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁following ▁the ▁release
▁of ▁the ▁first ▁book ▁in ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Hor ror Land ▁series , ▁Re ven ge ▁of ▁the ▁Living ▁D ummy , ▁that ▁was ▁published ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁Before ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁release ▁of ▁Re ven ge ▁of ▁the ▁Living ▁D ummy , ▁there ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁a ▁Go ose bum ps ▁book ▁published ▁in ▁almost ▁ 1 0 ▁years . ▁St ine ▁decided ▁to ▁start ▁writing ▁Go ose bum ps ▁books ▁again ▁after ▁receiving ▁mail ▁asking ▁him ▁to ▁write ▁new ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁series . ▁Nin ete en ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Hor ror Land ▁books ▁were ▁published , ▁and ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁mainly ▁featured ▁two ▁stories . ▁The ▁series ▁continued ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁with ▁new ▁stories ▁featuring ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁series ' ▁most ▁memor able ▁villa ins , ▁including ▁S la ppy ▁the ▁D ummy , ▁the ▁La wn ▁G nom es ▁and ▁others . ▁The ▁first ▁book ▁of ▁the ▁spin - off ▁series ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Most ▁W anted , ▁Planet ▁of ▁the ▁La wn ▁G nom es , ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Ach iev ements , ▁reception ▁and ▁controvers y ▁ ▁Ach iev ements ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁novel ▁in ▁the ▁series , ▁the ▁books ▁quickly ▁became ▁popular , ▁s elling ▁a ▁million ▁copies ▁a ▁month ▁soon ▁after ▁they ▁first ▁appeared , ▁and ▁four ▁million ▁copies ▁a ▁month ▁by ▁the ▁mid
- 1 9 9 0 s . ▁Ind ividual ▁Go ose bum ps ▁books ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁Best ▁S eller ▁list ▁for ▁children ▁and ▁the ▁USA ▁Today ▁best s eller ▁list . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁Publish ers ▁Week ly ▁listed ▁ 4 6 ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁in ▁its ▁list ▁of ▁best s elling ▁children ' s ▁paper back ▁books ▁of ▁all - time . ▁Go ose bum ps ▁was ▁a ▁best s eller ▁in ▁many ▁countries , ▁including ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁France , ▁and ▁Australia . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁the ▁book ▁series ▁account ed ▁for ▁almost ▁ 1 5 % ▁of ▁Sch ol astic ' s ▁annual ▁re venue . ▁Following ▁the ▁decl ine ▁of ▁Go ose bum ps ▁sales ▁next ▁year , ▁Sch ol astic ' s ▁sales ▁had ▁dropped ▁ 4 0 %. ▁The ▁decl ine ▁in ▁Go ose bum ps ▁book ▁sales ▁had ▁made ▁front - page ▁news ▁of ▁most ▁newspaper ▁business ▁sections , ▁which ▁Patrick ▁Jones ▁stated ▁" dem on str ates ▁the ▁impact ▁and ▁importance ▁of ▁R . ▁L . ▁St ine . ▁One ▁writer , ▁it ▁seems , ▁influ ences ▁the ▁fate ▁of ▁an ▁entire ▁company ". ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁series ▁maintain s ▁an ▁ 8 2 % ▁brand ▁aw aren ess ▁among ▁children ▁ 7 – 1 2 . ▁It ▁is ▁listed ▁as ▁the ▁number ▁two ▁best
s elling ▁children ' s ▁book ▁series ▁of ▁all ▁time ▁and ▁as ▁Sch ol astic ' s ▁best s elling ▁children ' s ▁book ▁series ▁of ▁all ▁time . ▁By ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁according ▁to ▁Sch ol astic , ▁there ▁were ▁ 3 5 0 ▁million ▁copies ▁of ▁Go ose bum ps ▁books ▁sold ▁in ▁ 3 2 ▁languages , ▁including ▁Chinese , ▁Czech , ▁Spanish , ▁and ▁Heb rew . ▁As ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁book ▁series ▁s ells ▁about ▁two ▁million ▁copies ▁ann ually . ▁ ▁Three ▁books ▁from ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁series ▁have ▁won ▁the ▁Nick el ode on ▁K ids ' ▁Cho ice ▁Awards ▁for ▁F avor ite ▁Book : ▁Deep ▁Tr ouble ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁( the ▁award ▁category ' s ▁first ▁year ), ▁the ▁book ▁T ales ▁to ▁Give ▁You ▁Go ose bum ps ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁and ▁Deep ▁Tr ouble ▁II ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁the ▁series ▁was ▁ranked ▁as ▁the ▁number ▁two ▁children ' s ▁books ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁Education ▁Association , ▁as ▁chosen ▁by ▁children . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁Go ose bum ps ▁was ▁listed ▁at ▁number ▁ 1 8 8 ▁on ▁the ▁BBC ' s ▁The ▁Big ▁Read ▁poll ▁of ▁the ▁UK ' s ▁ 2 0 0 ▁" best - lo ved ▁nov els ." ▁ ▁Re ception ▁S late ' s ▁K
aty ▁Wald man ▁class ified ▁a ▁classic ▁Go ose bum ps ▁story ▁as ▁" fun ny , ▁ icky , ▁and ▁just ▁a ▁bit ▁men acing ". ▁Following ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Hor ror Land ▁book , ▁Publish ers ▁Week ly ▁stated ▁in ▁a ▁star red ▁review ▁that ▁the ▁new ▁Go ose bum ps ▁series ▁was ▁" del ici ously ▁ch illing ". ▁Two ▁review ers ▁of ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁books ▁did ▁not ▁feel ▁that ▁the ▁books ▁were ▁high ▁quality ▁literature . ▁U . S . ▁News ▁& ▁World ▁Report ''' s ▁Marc ▁Silver ▁thought ▁the ▁series ▁was ▁" qu ite ▁t ame ". ▁He ▁called ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁books ▁" sub liter ature ", ▁stating ▁the ▁plot ting ▁in ▁the ▁books ▁was ▁care less ▁and ▁that ▁characters ▁in ▁the ▁stories ▁rarely ▁grew . ▁R oder ick ▁McG ill is , ▁from ▁the ▁academic ▁journal ▁Book bird , ▁described ▁the ▁books ▁as ▁camp , ▁writing ▁the ▁books ▁" are ▁so ▁artificial , ▁so ▁formula ic , ▁so ▁predict able , ▁so ▁repet itive ". ▁McG ill is ▁also ▁felt ▁that ▁the ▁content ▁of ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁series ▁is ▁" th in ▁in ▁the ▁extreme ". ▁ ▁St ine ' s ▁books ▁have ▁a ▁reputation ▁for ▁getting ▁children ▁excited ▁about ▁reading , ▁which ▁the ▁writer ▁is ▁very ▁proud ▁of . ▁James ▁Carter , ▁writing ▁in ▁T alk ing ▁Books : ▁Children ' s ▁Auth ors ▁T alk ▁About ▁the ▁C raft , ▁Cre
ativity ▁and ▁Process ▁of ▁Writing , ▁stated ▁" reg arding ▁Point ▁Hor ror s ▁and ▁Go ose bum ps , ▁I ▁feel ▁that ▁anything ▁that ▁children ▁read ▁av id ly ▁is ▁a ▁good ▁thing ". ▁L ibr arian ▁and ▁writer ▁Patrick ▁Jones ▁commented ▁that ▁"[ t ] he ▁real ▁horror ▁is ▁a ▁culture ▁where ▁k ids , ▁especially ▁boys , ▁don ' t ▁read — and ▁St ine ▁has ▁done ▁his ▁best ▁to ▁stop ▁that ▁turn ▁of ▁the ▁sc rew ▁from ▁happening ▁in ▁his ▁lifetime ". ▁ ▁Book ▁challeng es Go ose bum ps ▁was ▁listed ▁ 1 5 th ▁in ▁the ▁list ▁of ▁most ▁frequently ▁challeng ed ▁books ▁during ▁ 1 9 9 0 – 1 9 9 9 ▁and ▁ 9 4 th ▁in ▁the ▁list ▁of ▁top ▁b anned / ch alleng ed ▁books ▁during ▁ 2 0 0 0 – 2 0 0 9 ▁by ▁the ▁American ▁Library ▁Association ▁( AL A ). ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁A LA , ▁a ▁challenge ▁is ▁an ▁attempt ▁by ▁a ▁person ▁or ▁group ▁to ▁remove ▁or ▁restrict ▁materials ▁from ▁a ▁library ▁or ▁school ▁curr icul um . ▁The ▁series ▁was ▁challeng ed ▁for ▁being ▁too ▁fright ening ▁for ▁young ▁people ▁and ▁dep ict ing ▁occ ult ▁or ▁demon ic ▁them es . ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁the ▁A LA ▁was ▁informed ▁of ▁ 4 6 ▁challeng es , ▁over ▁ 7 5 % ▁of ▁which ▁occurred ▁in ▁school ▁libraries . ▁The ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁challeng es ▁were ▁held ▁in ▁public
▁libraries ▁or ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁the ▁challeng es ▁were ▁unknown . ▁The ▁same ▁year , ▁a ▁hearing ▁by ▁the ▁An oka - H enne pin ▁School ▁District ▁to ▁ban ▁the ▁books ▁was ▁broadcast ▁by ▁C - SP AN . ▁In ▁the ▁hearing , ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁parents ▁and ▁children ▁felt ▁the ▁books ▁should ▁not ▁be ▁b anned , ▁and ▁the ▁school ▁district ' s ▁book ▁review ▁committee ▁decided ▁to ▁keep ▁the ▁books . ▁ ▁Ada pt ations ▁and ▁mer ch and ise ▁ ▁Audio books W alt ▁Disney ▁Records ▁and ▁Sch ol astic ▁Audio books ▁have ▁adapted ▁Go ose bum ps ▁into ▁numerous ▁audio books ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 6 – present . ▁ ▁Television ▁adaptation ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁a ▁Go ose bum ps ▁TV ▁series ▁was ▁produced ▁in ▁Canada ▁by ▁Pro tocol ▁Entertainment ▁in ▁association ▁with ▁Sch ol astic ▁Produ ctions . ▁The ▁TV ▁anth ology ▁series ▁ran ▁for ▁four ▁seasons ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁premier ing ▁on ▁the ▁Fox ▁network ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁The ▁series ▁mainly ▁featured ▁plots ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁books , ▁among ▁them ▁The ▁Ha unted ▁M ask ▁and ▁C uck oo ▁C lock ▁of ▁Do om . ▁The ▁TV ▁series ▁a ired ▁in ▁over ▁ 1 0 0 ▁countries ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁number ▁one ▁r ated ▁children ' s ▁TV ▁show ▁for ▁three ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁United
▁States . ▁Margaret ▁Lo esch , ▁formerly ▁the ▁CE O ▁of ▁Fox ▁K ids , ▁offered ▁Sch ol astic ▁a ▁TV ▁deal ▁after ▁her ▁son ▁respond ed ▁posit ively ▁to ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁book ▁Say ▁Che ese ▁and ▁Die ▁she ▁had ▁bought ▁for ▁him ▁a ▁day ▁earlier . ▁A ▁book ▁series , ▁titled ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Pres ents , ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁TV ▁series . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 8 ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁a ▁new ▁Go ose bum ps ▁live ▁action ▁TV ▁series ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁works ▁by ▁Sch ol astic ▁Entertainment , ▁Sony ▁Pictures ▁Television ▁and ▁Ne al ▁H . ▁Mor itz ' s ▁production ▁company ▁Original ▁Film . ▁ ▁Film ▁adapt ations ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁attempt ▁at ▁a ▁Go ose bum ps ▁film ▁was ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁which ▁Tim ▁Bur ton ▁was ▁going ▁to ▁produce . ▁Chris ▁Me led and ri , ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁Fox ▁Family ▁Films , ▁said : ▁" I ▁think ▁you ' ll ▁see ▁us ▁tack ling ▁a ▁scale ▁of ▁story ▁that ▁would ▁be ▁prohib itive ▁to ▁do ▁on ▁the ▁small ▁screen ". ▁However , ▁the ▁film ▁did ▁not ▁material ize ▁since ▁they ▁could ▁not ▁find ▁a ▁script ▁they ▁liked ▁or ▁determine ▁which ▁book ▁or ▁mon ster ▁to ▁adapt . ▁Ten ▁years ▁later , ▁Columbia ▁Pictures ▁acquired ▁rights ▁to ▁create ▁a ▁Go ose bum ps ▁film , ▁with ▁Ne al ▁H . ▁Mor itz ▁and ▁Deb or ah ▁For te ,
▁the ▁latter ▁of ▁whom ▁developed ▁the ▁TV ▁series , ▁producing ▁the ▁film . ▁Du o ▁Scott ▁Alexander ▁and ▁Larry ▁Kar asz ew ski ▁were ▁h ired ▁as ▁screen writ ers ▁and ▁wrote ▁the ▁original ▁script ▁for ▁the ▁film . ▁They ▁felt ▁that ▁the ▁individual ▁books ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁were ▁too ▁short ▁to ▁adapt ▁into ▁a ▁film , ▁so ▁they ▁chose ▁instead ▁to ▁do ▁a ▁fake ▁bi ographical ▁film ▁in ▁which ▁R . ▁L . ▁St ine ▁writes ▁a ▁book ▁and ▁all ▁the ▁mon sters ▁within ▁it ▁become ▁real . ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁it ▁was ▁reported ▁that ▁a ▁new ▁draft ▁of ▁the ▁screen play ▁was ▁written ▁by ▁Dar ren ▁Lem ke . ▁Lem ke ▁co - w rote ▁the ▁screen plays ▁for ▁Sh rek ▁Fore ver ▁After ▁and ▁Bry an ▁S inger ' s ▁Jack ▁the ▁Gi ant ▁S layer . ▁Next ▁year ▁in ▁September , ▁it ▁was ▁revealed ▁that ▁Jack ▁Black ▁was ▁to ▁play ▁a ▁fict ional ized ▁version ▁of ▁R . ▁L . ▁St ine ▁" wh ose ▁sc ary ▁characters ▁literally ▁le ap ▁off ▁the ▁page , ▁forcing ▁him ▁to ▁hide ▁from ▁his ▁own ▁cre ep y ▁cre ations ". ▁Rob ▁Let ter man ▁was ▁also ▁confirmed ▁as ▁the ▁director , ▁which ▁would ▁reun ite ▁him ▁with ▁Black , ▁after ▁working ▁together ▁on ▁Sh ark ▁T ale ▁and ▁Gul liver ' s ▁Tra vel s . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁announced ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁that ▁D yl an
▁Min net te ▁was ▁cast ▁as ▁Zach ▁Cooper , ▁and ▁O de ya ▁R ush ▁was ▁cast ▁as ▁R . ▁L . ▁St ine ' s ▁fict ional ▁daughter , ▁Hann ah . ▁In ▁the ▁film , ▁which ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Hann ah ' s ▁father ▁R . ▁L . ▁St ine ▁keeps ▁all ▁the ▁mon sters ▁in ▁the ▁series ▁locked ▁up ▁in ▁his ▁books . ▁When ▁Zach ▁un int ention ally ▁releases ▁the ▁mon sters ▁from ▁the ▁books , ▁Zach , ▁Hann ah , ▁and ▁St ine ▁team ▁up ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁put ▁the ▁mon sters ▁back ▁where ▁they ▁came ▁from . ▁Princi pal ▁phot ography ▁on ▁the ▁film ▁began ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁Cand ler ▁Park ▁in ▁Atlanta ; ▁they ▁also ▁shot ▁the ▁film ▁in ▁Con y ers ▁and ▁Mad ison , ▁Georgia . ▁It ▁ended ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 6 . ▁ ▁Video ▁games ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁six ▁Go ose bum ps ▁video ▁games , ▁two ▁of ▁which ▁have ▁been ▁created ▁for ▁the ▁PC ▁by ▁Dream Work s ▁Inter active . ▁A ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁game ▁entitled ▁Es cape ▁from ▁Hor ror Land ▁is ▁an ▁interactive ▁sequ el ▁to ▁the ▁book ▁One ▁Day ▁at ▁Hor ror Land , ▁and ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁game ▁entitled ▁Att ack ▁of ▁the ▁Mut ant ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁book ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁Sch ol astic ▁released ▁a ▁Go
ose bum ps ▁video ▁game ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁entitled ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Hor ror Land , ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁series ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁Another ▁video ▁game , ▁Go ose bum ps : ▁The ▁Game , ▁a ▁pre quel ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁film , ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁Go ose bum ps : ▁Night ▁of ▁Sc ares , ▁a ▁mobile ▁game ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁film ▁and ▁the ▁book ▁series ▁was ▁released ▁for ▁iOS ▁and ▁Android ▁devices ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 5 ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁year . ▁A ▁Mobile ▁game , ▁Go ose bum ps : ▁Hor ror T own ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Comics ▁ ▁A ▁com ic ▁book ▁series , ▁titled ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Graph ix , ▁was ▁written ▁based ▁on ▁books ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁series . ▁There ▁were ▁three ▁books ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁series ; ▁the ▁first ▁one , ▁C ree py ▁Cre atures , ▁was ▁published ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁ID W ▁Comics ▁later ▁released ▁a ▁new ▁Go ose bum ps ▁com ic ▁series , ▁with ▁three ▁issues ▁per ▁arc . ▁Its ▁first ▁arc , ▁Mon sters ▁at ▁Mid night , ▁was ▁released ▁from ▁October ▁to ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 7 ; ▁a ▁second ▁arc , ▁Download ▁and ▁Die !, ▁was ▁released ▁from ▁March ▁to ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁The ▁latest
▁arc , ▁Hor ror s ▁of ▁the ▁W itch ▁House ▁was ▁released ▁from ▁March ▁to ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁Each ▁were ▁also ▁released ▁as ▁trade ▁paper back s . ▁ ▁Other ▁media Go ose bum ps ▁has ▁spawn ed ▁mer ch and ise , ▁including ▁T - sh ir ts , ▁board ▁games , ▁puzz les , ▁h ats , ▁fake ▁sk ull s , ▁doll s , ▁bi ke ▁hel m ets , ▁fake ▁blood , ▁and ▁box er ▁short s . ▁Go ose bum ps ▁was ▁also ▁adapted ▁into ▁a ▁stage ▁play ▁by ▁Ru pert ▁Hol mes ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁and ▁a ▁stage ▁musical ▁by ▁John ▁Mac lay ▁and ▁D anny ▁Ab os ch ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁Go ose bum ps ▁has ▁an ▁official ▁website , ▁which ▁g arn ers ▁ 1 . 5 ▁million ▁page ▁views ▁each ▁month ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁An ▁att raction ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁series , ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Hor ror Land ▁F right ▁Show ▁and ▁Fun H ouse , ▁opened ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁at ▁Disney - M GM ▁Studios ' s ▁New ▁York ▁Street . ▁Before ▁it ▁closed , ▁the ▁att raction ▁consisted ▁of ▁a ▁stage ▁play ▁which ▁featured ▁characters ▁from ▁the ▁series ; ▁this ▁show ▁played ▁five ▁times ▁a ▁day . ▁The ▁att raction ▁also ▁featured ▁a ▁fun house , ▁called ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁Hor ror Land ▁Hall ▁of ▁Mir ror s
, ▁which ▁contained ▁a ▁ma ze ▁of ▁mirror s ▁along ▁with ▁other ▁props ▁and ▁g ags ▁from ▁the ▁series . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁S ally ▁Corporation ▁would ▁market ▁Go ose bum ps ▁r ides . ▁The ▁books ▁One ▁Day ▁at ▁Hor ror Land ▁and ▁A ▁Night ▁in ▁T error ▁Tower ▁were ▁adapted ▁into ▁two ▁separate ▁board ▁games ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁Both ▁games ▁were ▁published ▁by ▁Mil ton ▁Brad ley ▁and ▁designed ▁by ▁Craig ▁Van ▁N ess . ▁ ▁Leg al ▁dispute ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁Sch ol astic , ▁the ▁publish er ▁of ▁the ▁series , ▁and ▁Par ach ute ▁Press , ▁the ▁developer ▁of ▁the ▁series , ▁agreed ▁to ▁a ▁new ▁contract . ▁Sch ol astic ▁retained ▁control ▁of ▁book ▁publishing ▁and ▁the ▁TV ▁series , ▁but ▁gave ▁Par ach ute ▁Press ▁mer ch and ising ▁rights ▁to ▁the ▁series . ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁following ▁a ▁dispute ▁between ▁Sch ol astic ▁and ▁Par ach ute ▁Press , ▁Sch ol astic ▁accused ▁Par ach ute ▁Press ▁of ▁viol ating ▁the ▁contract . ▁Sch ol astic ▁claimed ▁that ▁Par ach ute ▁Press ▁had ▁been ▁making ▁mer ch and ising ▁de als ▁and ▁issu ing ▁press ▁releases ▁without ▁Sch ol astic ' s ▁required ▁consent , ▁and ▁had ▁begun ▁with hold ing ▁pay ments ▁from ▁them . ▁In ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁Par ach ute ▁respond ed ▁by ▁alleg ing ▁Sch
ol astic ▁had ▁rep udi ated ▁its ▁financial ▁oblig ations , ▁claim ing ▁Sch ol astic ▁had ▁void ed ▁its ▁rights ▁to ▁publish ▁ 5 4 ▁books . ▁Par ach ute ▁Press ▁file d ▁a ▁law suit , ▁which ▁followed ▁with ▁numerous ▁other ▁su its ▁and ▁counter ▁law su its ▁over ▁who ▁controls ▁certain ▁rights ▁to ▁the ▁series . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁the ▁two ▁sides ▁reached ▁an ▁agreement , ▁with ▁Sch ol astic ▁receiving ▁the ▁Go ose bum ps ▁tra dem ark ▁and ▁all ▁other ▁rights ▁to ▁the ▁series ▁for ▁. ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁F ear ▁Street ▁Go of l umps ▁G ri zz ly ▁T ales ▁for ▁Gru esome ▁K ids '' ▁ ▁Sh ivers ▁( nov el ▁series ) ▁ ▁Note ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁at ▁Sch ol astic ▁Press ▁ ▁Category : Book ▁series ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Category : American ▁horror ▁nov els ▁Category : Go ose bum ps ▁Category : J u ven ile ▁series ▁Category : Nov el ▁sequences ▁Category : Public ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Category : American ▁nov els ▁adapted ▁into ▁films ▁Category : Nov els ▁adapted ▁into ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : Nov els ▁adapted ▁into ▁video ▁games ▁ ▁pl : G ę s ia ▁sk ór ka <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Deput y ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁is ▁the ▁second ▁most ▁senior ▁judge ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁after
▁the ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court . ▁The ▁office ▁is ▁equivalent ▁to ▁the ▁now - def unct ▁position ▁of ▁Second ▁Senior ▁Lord ▁of ▁App e al ▁in ▁Ord inary , ▁also ▁known ▁previously ▁as ▁the ▁Second ▁Senior ▁Law ▁Lord , ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁highest - ran king ▁Lord ▁of ▁App e al ▁in ▁Ord inary . ▁ ▁By ▁Royal ▁W arr ant ▁of ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁II ▁published ▁on ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁a ▁place ▁for ▁the ▁Deput y ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁in ▁the ▁order ▁of ▁preced ence ▁was ▁established : ▁the ▁Deput y ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁ranks ▁after ▁the ▁Master ▁of ▁the ▁Roll s ▁and ▁before ▁the ▁other ▁Just ices ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Second ▁Senior ▁L ords ▁of ▁App e al ▁in ▁Ord inary ▁ ▁Lord ▁G off ▁of ▁Ch ieve ley ▁( 1 9 9 4 – 1 9 9 6 ) ▁ ▁Lord ▁S lyn n ▁of ▁Had ley ▁( 2 0 0 0 – 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁Lord ▁Nich oll s ▁of ▁Bir ken head ▁( 2 0 0 2 – 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁Lord ▁Hoff man ▁( 2 0 0 7 – 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁Lord ▁Hope ▁of ▁Craig head ▁( 2 0 ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁– ▁ 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 9 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Deput y ▁Pres idents ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁ ▁Lord ▁Hope ▁of ▁Craig
head ▁( 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁– ▁ 2 6 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Baron ess ▁H ale ▁of ▁Richmond ▁( 2 8 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁– ▁ 4 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Lord ▁M ance ▁( 2 6 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁– ▁ 6 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Lord ▁Re ed ▁( 7 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁– ▁ 1 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 2 0 ) ▁Lord ▁H odge ▁( 2 7 ▁January ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁- ▁Inc umb ent ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁The ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁ ▁Category : L aw ▁l ords ▁▁ ▁Category : List s ▁of ▁jud ges ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : J ud ici aries ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : S up reme ▁Court ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁Rich ▁Isaac son ▁is ▁an ▁international ▁music ▁entrepr ene ur ▁whose ▁influence ▁sp ans ▁artists ▁such ▁as ▁Wu - T ang ▁Cl an , ▁M IK A , ▁A kon , ▁Gustav o ▁Santa ol alla , ▁Charles ▁Brad ley , ▁M obb ▁Deep , ▁Mel anie ▁F iona , ▁Saf ety S uit , ▁and ▁Three ▁ 6 ▁M af ia . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁Isaac son ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Brook lyn ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁M err ick , ▁Long ▁Island . ▁His ▁father ▁was ▁a ▁to y ▁manufact urer ▁and ▁his ▁mother
▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁medical ▁office ▁professional . ▁ ▁He ▁attended ▁Corn ell ▁University ’ s ▁College ▁of ▁Labor ▁Rel ations , ▁where ▁he ▁studied ▁the ▁union ▁movement ▁and ▁labor ▁history . ▁After ▁att ending ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁Law ▁School , ▁Isaac son ▁joined ▁the ▁Manh attan ▁law ▁firm ▁of ▁She a ▁and ▁G ould . ▁After ▁several ▁years ▁at ▁She a ▁and ▁G ould , ▁he ▁quit ▁to ▁join ▁his ▁child hood ▁friend ▁Steve ▁R if kind ▁in ▁a ▁music ▁production ▁and ▁distribution ▁partners hip ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁California . ▁ ▁L oud ▁Records ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁' 9 0 s , ▁R if kind ’ s ▁LO UD ▁Records ▁had ▁secured ▁a ▁small ▁production ▁deal ▁with ▁Z oo ▁Records , ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁running ▁S RC , ▁an ▁up start ▁street ▁promotion / mark eting ▁company ▁designed ▁to ▁connect ▁the ▁d ots ▁at ▁the ▁emer ging ▁Rap ▁scene . ▁Isaac son ▁spent ▁a ▁few ▁weeks ▁on ▁R if kind ’ s ▁c ouch , ▁studying ▁Billboard , ▁reading ▁lawyer ▁Don ▁Pass man ’ s ▁All ▁You ▁Need ▁to ▁Know ▁About ▁the ▁Music ▁Business ▁and ▁going ▁over ▁the ▁LO UD ▁contract s . ▁He ▁soon ▁took ▁over ▁day ▁to ▁day ▁operations ▁at ▁the ▁fled g ling ▁start - up . ▁ ▁T ogether , ▁the ▁pair ▁built ▁LO UD ▁Records ▁from ▁a ▁$ 3 , 0 0 0 - a - month ▁production ▁deal ▁to ▁a ▁$ 1 0 0 ▁million ▁joint - vent ure ▁label , ▁featuring ▁multi
- pl atin um ▁artists ▁such ▁as ▁Wu - T ang ▁Cl an , ▁M obb ▁Deep , ▁Big ▁P un , ▁X z ib it , ▁F unk master ▁F lex ▁and ▁Three 6 M af ia . ▁Rich ▁led ▁the ▁neg ot iation ▁for ▁LO UD ’ s ▁land mark ▁deal , ▁signing ▁Wu - T ang ▁Cl an ▁for ▁$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁LO UD ▁released ▁the ▁single , ▁" Pro te ct ▁Ya ▁Ne ck ," ▁with ▁the ▁promise ▁to ▁allow ▁leader ▁R Z A ▁to ▁shop ▁the ▁other ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁collect ive ▁to ▁individual ▁solo ▁de als ▁at ▁other ▁labels , ▁then ▁an ▁un pre ced ented ▁con cess ion ▁in ▁recording ▁contract s . ▁This ▁deal ▁proved ▁dynamic ▁in ▁LO UD ' S ▁traject ory ▁as ▁Wu - T ang ' s ▁success ▁cat ap ult ed ▁LO UD ▁to ▁the ▁fore front ▁of ▁the ▁music ▁industry . ▁ ▁LO UD ' s ▁ro ster , ▁has ▁been ▁regarded ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁icon ic ▁in ▁hip - h op ▁history , ▁as ▁its ▁catalog ue ▁released ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁sem inal ▁H ip - H op ▁albums ▁including ▁Wu - T ang ▁Cl an ' s ▁Enter ▁the ▁Wu - T ang ▁( 3 6 ▁Ch amb ers ) ▁and ▁Wu - T ang ▁Fore ver ; ▁M obb ▁Deep ' s ▁The ▁Inf am ous , ▁Hell ▁on ▁Earth , ▁and ▁Mur da ▁M uz ik ; ▁Ra ek
won ▁Da ▁Che f ' s ▁Only ▁Bu ilt ▁ 4 ▁Cub an ▁Lin x ... ; ▁X z ib it ' s ▁At ▁the ▁Speed ▁of ▁Life ▁and ▁Rest less ; ▁Big ▁P un ' s ▁Capital ▁P un ishment ; ▁The ▁Al k ah ol iks ' s ▁ 2 1 ▁& ▁Over , ▁Coast ▁II ▁Coast , ▁and ▁L ik wid ation ; ▁Dead ▁Pre z ' s ▁Let ' s ▁Get ▁Free ; ▁M . O . P .' s ▁War rior z ; ▁F unk master ▁F lex ' s ▁ 6 0 ▁Min utes ▁of ▁F unk ▁Vol umes ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 , ▁and ▁ 3 ; ▁and ▁Three ▁ 6 ▁M af ia ' s ▁When ▁the ▁Sm oke ▁Cle ars : ▁Si xty ▁ 6 , ▁Si xty ▁ 1 . ▁ ▁Isaac son ▁also ▁o vers aw ▁the ▁expansion ▁of ▁S RC ' s ▁" St reet ▁Team " ▁concept , ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁ 2 5 ▁t ast em akers ▁around ▁the ▁country ▁who ▁market ed ▁under ground ▁non - com mer cial ▁records ▁at ▁the ▁grass ro ots ▁level . ▁ ▁S RC ' s ▁market ing ▁pro w ess ▁eventually ▁attract ed ▁Fort une ▁ 5 0 0 ▁companies ▁like ▁N ike , ▁Pe psi , ▁Le vi ’ s , ▁Universal ▁Pictures ▁and ▁Hugo ▁B oss . ▁LO UD ▁and ▁S RC ▁ultimately ▁for ged ▁a ▁first - look ▁deal ▁with ▁Mir am ax ▁Films ▁and ▁the ▁ac
quisition ▁of ▁S RC ▁by ▁advert ising ▁con gl omer ate ▁Inter public . ▁ ▁Isaac son ' s ▁run ▁at ▁LO UD ▁ended ▁with ▁the ▁ac quisition ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁company ▁by ▁Sony ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁after ▁LO UD ▁merged ▁with ▁Sony ' s ▁wh olly ▁owned ▁Rel ativity ▁label . ▁ ▁The ▁F uerte ▁Group ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁success ▁with ▁LO UD , ▁Isaac son ▁partner ed ▁with ▁Sony ▁Music ▁executive ▁Jerry ▁Bla ir ▁on ▁The ▁F uerte ▁Group ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁an ▁innov ative , ▁full - service ▁market ing ▁and ▁music ▁management ▁company ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁bur geon ing ▁young ▁His pan ic ▁urban ▁market . ▁At ▁F uerte , ▁Isaac son ▁served ▁as ▁executive ▁producer ▁on ▁Mot own ▁Rem ixed ▁Volume ▁ 2 , ▁a ▁compilation ▁of ▁that ▁legend ary ▁label ’ s ▁hits ▁covered ▁by ▁leading ▁Latin ▁Produ cers ▁and ▁the ▁crit ically ▁acc laimed ▁Si * se ▁album ▁More ▁Sh ine ▁released ▁on ▁their ▁own ▁F uerte ▁Records . ▁ ▁Mir ror ing ▁his ▁Street ▁Team ▁concept ▁at ▁LO UD , ▁F uerte ▁attract ed ▁corpor ate ▁clients ▁including ▁C oca - Col a , ▁Western ▁Union , ▁Hollywood ▁Records , ▁J ▁Records , ▁the ▁W WE , ▁S RC ▁Records , ▁Lat ino ▁Royal ty , ▁The ▁M ott ola ▁Company , ▁B ling ton es , ▁Universal ▁Music ▁Group , ▁Tu ▁P izza , ▁He ine ken , ▁Clear ▁Channel , ▁Major ▁League ▁Soccer , ▁Koch ▁Entertainment
▁and ▁Un iv ision . ▁Through ▁F uerte ▁management ▁client , ▁Gram my - win ning ▁writer / produ cer ▁J odi ▁Mar r ▁( R icky ▁Martin , ▁Paul ina ▁Rub io , ▁Th alia ), ▁Isaac son ▁met ▁and ▁signed ▁his ▁first ▁artist ▁management ▁client — U . K .- based ▁perform er ▁M ika , ▁who ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁sell ▁over ▁ 1 0 ▁million ▁albums , ▁going ▁gold ▁or ▁plat in um ▁in ▁ 3 2 ▁countries . ▁ ▁Street ▁Records ▁Corporation ▁ ▁After ▁F uerte ▁Music ▁Group , ▁Isaac son ▁reun ited ▁with ▁R if kind ▁at ▁the ▁newly ▁launched ▁S RC ▁label ▁at ▁Universal ▁Records , ▁which ▁operated ▁for ▁five ▁years ▁and ▁produced ▁another ▁fl ur ry ▁of ▁hit ▁artists , ▁including ▁David ▁B anner , ▁A kon , ▁Sh ont elle , ▁Gram my ▁winner ▁Mel anie ▁F iona ▁and ▁Ash er ▁Roth , ▁ending ▁only ▁when ▁the ▁company ▁was ▁sold ▁to ▁Universal ▁Music ▁Group ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁R I ▁Entertainment ▁ ▁R I ▁Entertainment ▁is ▁Isaac son ' s ▁management ▁project , ▁sh ifting ▁his ▁focus ▁to ▁management ▁with ▁an ▁array ▁of ▁artists ▁including ▁international ▁super star ▁M ika , ▁two - time ▁Oscar - win ning ▁composer ▁Gustav o ▁Santa ol alla ▁( B roke back ▁Mountain , ▁B abel ), ▁his ▁Gram my - win ning ▁Elect ro - R ock ▁T ango ▁collect ive ▁B aj of ondo , ▁Canada ’ s ▁highest ▁s elling ▁native ▁artist
▁Bobby ▁B az ini , ▁and ▁soul ▁singer ▁Charles ▁Brad ley . ▁ ▁Def ▁Jam ▁Record ings ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Isaac son ▁was ▁h ired ▁by ▁Paul ▁Ros enberg ▁for ▁the ▁E VP / GM ▁position ▁of ▁Def ▁Jam ▁Record ings . ▁Isaac son ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁major ▁h ire ▁under ▁new ▁Def ▁Jam ▁CE O ▁Paul ▁Ros enberg , ▁who ▁started ▁last ▁November ▁at ▁the ▁Universal ▁Music ▁subs idi ary . ▁Def ▁Jam ▁is ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁releases ▁of ▁various ▁record ▁labels , ▁including ▁K any e ▁West ' s ▁GO OD ▁Music ,[ 1 ][ 2 ] ▁and ▁AR T ium ▁Record ings , ▁head ed ▁by ▁Def ▁Jam ' s ▁former ▁executive ▁vice ▁president . ▁Current ▁artists ▁include ▁Aless ia ▁Car a ▁, ▁Log ic , ▁Big ▁Se an , ▁K any e ▁West , ▁ 2 ▁Ch ain z , ▁Je e zy , ▁Jer em ih , ▁ ▁P ush a ▁T , ▁V ince ▁St ap les , ▁Des i igner ▁and ▁J hen é ▁A iko ▁among ▁others . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : C orn ell ▁University ▁School ▁of ▁Indust rial ▁and ▁Labor ▁Rel ations ▁al umn i ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁Law ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁M err ick , ▁New ▁York <0x0A> </s> ▁A phon op el ma ▁sm ith i , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Bay
▁Area ▁Bl ond ▁tar ant ula , ▁is ▁regarded ▁by ▁some ▁sources ▁as ▁an ▁en demic ▁sp ider ▁to ▁Northern ▁California , ▁found ▁in ▁California ▁interior ▁chap ar ral ▁and ▁wood lands ▁habit ats , ▁and ▁by ▁other ▁sources ▁as ▁syn onymous ▁with ▁A phon op el ma ▁i od ius . ▁ ▁The ▁Bay ▁Area ▁Bl ond ▁tar ant ula ▁sp ider ▁lives ▁in ▁a ▁bur row ▁l ined ▁with ▁sil k ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁its ▁life , ▁until ▁it ▁is ▁about ▁ 7 ▁years ▁old ▁when ▁it ▁reaches ▁m atur ity . ▁At ▁this ▁time ▁the ▁males ▁leave ▁the ▁bur row ▁to ▁find ▁m ates . ▁M ales ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁on ▁Mount ▁Di ablo ▁in ▁Cont ra ▁Costa ▁County , ▁looking ▁for ▁m ates , ▁from ▁September ▁to ▁early ▁October . ▁Many ▁people ▁go ▁to ▁Mount ▁Di ablo ▁to ▁watch ▁the ▁tar ant ulas ▁at ▁this ▁time ▁of ▁year . ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁study ▁of ▁A phon op el ma ▁species ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁concluded ▁that ▁morph ological ▁and ▁mole cular ▁anal ys es ▁failed ▁to ▁distinguish ▁A . sm ith i ▁( am ong ▁other ▁species ) ▁from ▁A . iod ius , ▁and ▁so ▁reduced ▁it ▁to ▁a ▁syn onym . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Bay ▁Area ▁Wild life : ▁A phon op el ma ▁species ▁- ▁Tar ant ulas ▁Bay ▁Area ▁Bl ond ▁tar ant ula ▁- ▁image ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁sm ith i ▁Category : End em
ic ▁fa una ▁of ▁California ▁Category : Fa una ▁of ▁the ▁California ▁chap ar ral ▁and ▁wood lands ▁Category : N atural ▁history ▁of ▁Cont ra ▁Costa ▁County , ▁California ▁Category : Sp iders ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁Category : Sp iders ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Lu ca ▁Pro dan ▁( 1 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁– ▁ 2 2 ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Italian ▁Scottish ▁music ian ▁and ▁singer ▁who ▁rose ▁to ▁fame ▁as ▁the ▁leading ▁vocal ist ▁of ▁Sum o ▁-- ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁influ ential ▁rock ▁bands ▁of ▁Argentina ▁-- ▁and ▁is ▁widely ▁considered ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁country ' s ▁most ▁important ▁artists . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁older ▁brother ▁of ▁film ▁actor ▁and ▁composer ▁Andrea ▁Pro dan . ▁ ▁Biography ▁▁ ▁Lu ca ▁Pro dan ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Rome ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁May ▁ 1 9 5 3 , ▁and ▁he ▁had ▁not ▁only ▁Italian ▁orig ins ▁but ▁Scottish ▁as ▁well . ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁after ▁the ▁return ▁of ▁the ▁Pro dan ▁family ▁from ▁China : ▁his ▁father ▁had ▁set ▁up ▁a ▁prosper ous ▁business ▁in ▁ancient ▁Chinese ▁pot tery ▁that ▁became ▁un ten able ▁after ▁the ▁Japanese ▁invasion ▁of ▁China ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁youth , ▁his ▁parents ▁sent ▁him ▁to ▁the ▁pr estig ious ▁Gordon st oun ▁College ▁in ▁Scotland ; ▁The ▁same ▁school ▁attended ▁by ▁Prince ▁Charles , ▁Prince ▁of ▁Wales : ▁Pro dan ▁left ▁a ▁year
▁before ▁gradu ating . ▁After ▁that , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁London . ▁ ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁London ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁worked ▁at ▁E MI . ▁While ▁in ▁London , ▁he ▁formed ▁his ▁first ▁band , ▁The ▁New ▁Clear ▁He ads , ▁which ▁shared ▁a est het ics ▁with ▁contemporary ▁punk ▁bands ▁like ▁X TC , ▁The ▁Fall , ▁Joy ▁Division ▁( who ▁inspired ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Sum o ▁album : ▁D ivid idos ▁por ▁la ▁Fel ic idad , ▁Spanish ▁for ▁" Div ided ▁By ▁Joy ") ▁and ▁W ire . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁after ▁a ▁hero in ▁crisis ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁London , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁farm ▁of ▁an ▁old ▁Ang lo - Ar gent ine ▁friend , ▁Tim my ▁McK ern , ▁in ▁the ▁central ▁hills ▁of ▁C ór dob a ▁Province ▁Argentina ▁seeking ▁peace ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁kick ▁his ▁hero in ▁add iction . ▁ ▁After ▁some ▁time ▁at ▁the ▁farm ▁in ▁the ▁Tras las ierra ▁valley , ▁he ▁settled ▁in ▁Hur ling ham ▁( a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Buenos ▁Aires ), ▁where ▁he ▁founded ▁and ▁led ▁Sum o ▁and ▁the ▁Hur ling ham ▁Reg ga e ▁Band . ▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁legacy ▁ ▁Pro dan ▁died ▁either ▁of ▁a ▁heart ▁attack ▁or ▁cir r hos is ▁of ▁the ▁li ver ▁in ▁Buenos ▁Aires ▁shortly ▁before ▁Christmas ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁death , ▁he ▁became ▁an
▁icon ▁of ▁Argent ine ▁rock ▁culture . ▁Gra ff iti ▁stating ▁" L uca ▁Not ▁Dead " ▁has ▁been ▁sp otted ▁around ▁the ▁world , ▁especially ▁in ▁South ▁America ▁and ▁Europe . ▁ ▁Two ▁post hum ous ▁records ▁of ▁pre - Sum o ▁record ings ▁are ▁available ▁and ▁provide ▁an ▁" ins ider ' s " ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁artist . ▁Record ed ▁mostly ▁in ▁the ▁Tras las ierra ▁region ▁of ▁C ór dob a , ▁Argentina ▁( his ▁initial ▁home ▁territory ), ▁they ▁bear ▁testim ony ▁to ▁his ▁musical ▁influ ences ▁and ▁insp iration : ▁Peter ▁Hamm ill , ▁David ▁B owie , ▁Jim ▁Mor r ison , ▁Nick ▁Dra ke , ▁Lou ▁Re ed , ▁Ian ▁D ury , ▁Ian ▁Curt is ▁of ▁Joy ▁Division ▁and ▁Bob ▁Mar ley . ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁death , ▁two ▁bands ▁were ▁formed ▁by ▁former ▁Sum o ▁members : ▁D ivid idos ▁and ▁Las ▁Pel ot as . ▁It ▁is ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁actual ▁names ▁came ▁after ▁a ▁he ated ▁Pro dan ' s ▁answer ▁referring ▁to ▁an ▁event ual ▁Sum o ▁break - up : ▁"" Are ▁we ▁breaking ▁up , ▁you ▁say ? ▁Bol lock s ▁we ▁are !" "; ▁hence ▁D ivid idos ▁( Span ish ▁for ▁" The ▁Div ided ") ▁and ▁Las ▁Pel ot as ▁( Span ish ▁for ▁" B ol lock s "). ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁With ▁Sum o ▁▁ ▁Cor pi ños ▁en ▁la ▁mad rug ada ▁[ B ras ▁in ▁the ▁Mor ning ] ▁(
EP , ▁ 1 9 8 3 ) ▁ ▁D ivid idos ▁por ▁la ▁fel ic idad ▁[ Div ided ▁by ▁Joy ] ▁( 1 9 8 5 ) ▁ ▁L leg ando ▁los ▁mon os ▁[ Here ▁Come ▁the ▁Mon keys ] ▁( 1 9 8 6 ) ▁ ▁After ▁ch ab ón ▁( 1 9 8 7 ) ▁ ▁F ie bre ▁[ F ever ] ▁( 1 9 8 9 ) ▁ ▁Solo ▁▁ ▁Time ▁F ate ▁Love , ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁Re leased ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁ ▁P erd ed ores ▁Herm osos ▁[ Be aut iful ▁Los ers ], ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁Re leased ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁death s ▁Category : De ath s ▁from ▁cir r hos is ▁Category : Ar gent ine ▁people ▁of ▁Italian ▁descent ▁Category : Ar gent ine ▁people ▁of ▁Scottish ▁descent ▁Category : Ital ian ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁Argentina ▁Category : N atural ized ▁citizens ▁of ▁Argentina ▁Category : Ital ian ▁exp atri ates ▁in ▁Argentina ▁Category : Ar gent ine ▁male ▁sing ers ▁Category : Ar gent ine ▁male ▁singer - song writ ers ▁Category : Ar gent ine ▁singer - song writ ers ▁Category : Ar gent ine ▁mus icians ▁Category : Mus icians ▁from ▁Rome ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁Gordon
st oun ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Italian ▁mus icians ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Argent ine ▁sing ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁male ▁sing ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁fair y ▁fly catch er ▁or ▁fair y ▁war b ler ▁( S ten ost ira ▁sc ita ) ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁passer ine ▁bird . ▁Form er ly ▁placed ▁in ▁the ▁Old ▁World ▁fly catch er ▁family , ▁Mus c ic ap idae , ▁it ▁is ▁now ▁separated ▁with ▁some ▁other ▁" odd ▁fly catch ers " ▁as ▁the ▁new ▁family ▁St en ost ir idae ▁( B eres ford ▁et ▁al . ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁F uchs ▁et ▁al . ▁ 2 0 0 6 ). ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁genus ▁St en ost ira . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁an ▁en demic ▁resident ▁bre eder ▁in ▁southern ▁Africa ▁in ▁B ots w ana , ▁South ▁Africa , ▁ ▁Les oth o ▁and ▁Nam ib ia , ▁and ▁a ▁v agrant ▁to ▁Z imb ab we ▁and ▁Sw az il and . ▁ ▁St en ost ira ▁sc ita ▁is ▁a ▁common ▁season al ▁migr ant , ▁bre eding ▁in ▁kar oo ▁scr ub ▁and ▁f yn bos ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁high lands , ▁and ▁migr ating ▁north ▁in ▁to ▁spend ▁the ▁southern ▁winter ▁in ▁th orn ▁scr ub ▁at ▁lower ▁alt itudes . ▁ ▁Description ▁The ▁fair y ▁fly catch er ▁is ▁ 1 1 – 1 2
cm ▁in ▁length . ▁The ▁adult ▁is ▁pale ▁grey ▁above ▁with ▁a ▁black ▁mask ▁through ▁the ▁eye ▁and ▁a ▁white ▁super cil ium . ▁The ▁wings ▁are ▁black ▁with ▁a ▁long ▁white ▁stri pe , ▁and ▁the ▁long ▁black ▁tail ▁has ▁white ▁sides . ▁The ▁thro at ▁is ▁white , ▁the ▁breast ▁is ▁pale ▁grey , ▁and ▁the ▁bel ly ▁is ▁white ▁with ▁a ▁p ink ish - gre y ▁was h ▁to ▁its ▁centre . ▁The ▁sex es ▁are ▁al ike , ▁but ▁the ▁ju ven ile ▁is ▁brow ner ▁than ▁the ▁adult . ▁The ▁eye ▁is ▁brown ▁and ▁the ▁bill ▁and ▁legs ▁are ▁black . ▁ ▁Be hav iour ▁The ▁fair y ▁fly catch er ▁is ▁mon og am ous ▁unless ▁its ▁mate ▁dies , ▁when ▁it ▁will ▁seek ▁a ▁new ▁partner . ▁It ▁builds ▁an ▁open ▁cup ▁nest ▁from ▁thin ▁st ems ▁and ▁other ▁plant ▁material ▁and ▁l ined ▁with ▁plant ▁down . ▁It ▁is ▁placed ▁in ▁the ▁branches ▁of ▁a ▁tree ▁or ▁shr ub ▁but ▁well ▁conce aled . ▁The ▁female ▁l ays ▁two ▁or ▁three ▁green ▁eggs . ▁ ▁This ▁bird ▁is ▁usually ▁seen ▁alone , ▁in ▁pairs , ▁or ▁small ▁f lock s . ▁It ▁fe eds ▁on ▁small ▁insect s ▁and ▁other ▁in verte br ates , ▁for aging ▁in ▁the ▁fol i age ▁like ▁a ▁war b ler . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Support ing ▁information ▁ ▁del ▁Ho yo , ▁J .; ▁Elli ot , ▁A . ▁& ▁Christ ie ▁D . ▁( edit ors
). ▁( 2 0 0 6 ). ▁Hand book ▁of ▁the ▁Bird s ▁of ▁the ▁World . ▁Volume ▁ 1 2 : ▁Pic ath art es ▁to ▁T its ▁and ▁Ch ick ade es . ▁Lyn x ▁Ed ic ions . ▁▁ ▁S inc la ir , ▁Ian ; ▁Hockey , ▁Phil ▁& ▁Tar bot on , ▁War wick ▁R . ▁( 2 0 0 2 ): ▁S AS OL ▁Bird s ▁of ▁Southern ▁Africa . ▁Str u ik , ▁Cape ▁Town ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Species ▁account , ▁Kru ger ▁National ▁Park ▁website ▁ ▁Fair y ▁fly catch er ▁- ▁Species ▁text ▁in ▁The ▁Atlas ▁of ▁Southern ▁African ▁Bird s . ▁ ▁Category : S ten ost ir idae ▁Category : B ird s ▁of ▁Southern ▁Africa ▁Category : B ird s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 8 <0x0A> </s> ▁Bab ian ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁B ā b ī ā n ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁L ahr ud ▁R ural ▁District , ▁M esh gin - e ▁Sh ar qi ▁District , ▁M esh gin ▁Sh ahr ▁County , ▁Ar d abil ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 4 3 , ▁in ▁ 9 ▁families . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : T own s ▁and ▁villages ▁in ▁M esh gin ▁Sh ahr ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Z aire ich th ys ▁w ami ensis ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁lo ach ▁cat fish ▁en demic ▁to ▁T anz
ania . ▁It ▁grows ▁to ▁a ▁length ▁of ▁ ▁SL . ▁Its ▁natural ▁habitat ▁is ▁rivers . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Am ph ili idae ▁Category : End em ic ▁fresh water ▁fish ▁of ▁T anz ania ▁Category : F ish ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁L oth ar ▁Se eg ers <0x0A> </s> ▁S edu ced ▁by ▁Mad ness : ▁The ▁D iane ▁Bor ch ard t ▁Story ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁American ▁television ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁John ▁P atter son ▁and ▁st arring ▁Ann - M arg ret , ▁Peter ▁Co y ote , ▁Les lie ▁Hope , ▁Christian ▁Campbell , ▁H edy ▁B urr ess , ▁Tob ey ▁Mag u ire , ▁and ▁Fred dy ▁Rodríguez . ▁Based ▁roughly ▁on ▁real - life ▁events , ▁the ▁film ▁rec ount s ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁ ▁Wisconsin ▁teacher ▁D iane ▁Bor ch ard t , ▁who ▁h ired ▁te en ▁students ▁first ▁to ▁sp y ▁on ▁her ▁che ating ▁husband ▁and ▁later ▁to ▁kill ▁him . ▁The ▁film ▁begins ▁with ▁the ▁murder ▁then ▁traces ▁in ▁flash back ▁the ▁events ▁leading ▁up ▁to ▁it , ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁subsequent ▁police ▁investigation ▁leading ▁to ▁arr ests ▁and ▁event ual ▁murder ▁conv ict ions ▁of ▁both ▁Bor ch ard t ▁and ▁the ▁te ens . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁opens ▁with ▁three ▁te en age ▁boys ▁pulling ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁house ▁of ▁Rub en ▁Bor ch ard t ▁( Peter ▁Co
y ote ) ▁early ▁on ▁E aster ▁Sunday ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁They ▁break ▁into ▁Rub en ' s ▁house ▁armed ▁with ▁a ▁shot gun , ▁int ending ▁to ▁kill ▁Rub en ▁on ▁the ▁promise ▁of ▁payment . ▁G ather ing ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁bas ement ▁steps ▁where ▁Rub en ▁sle eps , ▁the ▁boys ▁draw ▁their ▁shot gun ▁and ▁shoot ▁Mr . ▁Bor ch ard t ▁as ▁he ▁makes ▁his ▁way ▁up ▁the ▁st airs . ▁Having ▁carried ▁out ▁their ▁de ed , ▁the ▁three ▁boys ▁fle e ▁the ▁scene . ▁ ▁Pro log ue ▁The ▁film ▁cut s ▁to ▁seven ▁months ▁before ▁the ▁shooting , ▁during ▁the ▁Fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁D iane ▁Kay ▁Bor ch ard t ▁( An n - M arg ret ) ▁is ▁a ▁seem ingly ▁ordinary ▁school te acher ▁with ▁a ▁normal ▁life . ▁She ▁has ▁a ▁lov ing ▁husband , ▁three ▁children , ▁and ▁a ▁lov ely ▁house . ▁However , ▁it ▁quickly ▁becomes ▁apparent ▁that ▁she ▁har b ors ▁deep ▁mental ▁inst ability ▁and ▁possible ▁psych osis . ▁While ▁she ▁d otes ▁on ▁and ▁spo ils ▁her ▁daughter ▁Reg an , ▁she ▁is ▁em otion ally ▁and ▁phys ically ▁ab us ive ▁towards ▁Rub en ▁and ▁his ▁two ▁children , ▁Brook ▁( H edy ▁B urr ess ) ▁and ▁Ch uck ▁( T ob ey ▁Mag u ire ). ▁Rub en ▁married ▁D iane ▁four teen ▁years ▁prior ▁after ▁his ▁bel oved ▁wife ▁Susan ▁(
C yn th ia ▁Lyn ch ) ▁died ▁in ▁a ▁car ▁crash ▁when ▁Brook ▁and ▁Ch uck ▁were ▁young . ▁Real izing ▁his ▁children ▁needed ▁a ▁mother ▁figure ▁in ▁their ▁lives , ▁Rub en ▁married ▁to ▁D iane , ▁only ▁to ▁find ▁himself ▁in ▁a ▁lov eless ▁marriage ▁in ▁which ▁D iane ▁constantly ▁ab uses ▁him . ▁ ▁One ▁day , ▁Rub en ▁goes ▁to ▁a ▁neighbor ' s ▁house ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁rem odel ▁his ▁kitchen , ▁as ▁he ▁is ▁a ▁work - at - home ▁car p enter . ▁There ▁he ▁gets ▁re ac qu aint ed ▁with ▁Cla ire ▁Brown ▁( Les lie ▁Hope ), ▁whom ▁he ▁works ▁together ▁with ▁to ▁rem odel ▁the ▁kitchen . ▁During ▁the ▁rem od eling , ▁Rub en ▁and ▁Cla ire ▁share ▁their ▁personal ▁stories ▁with ▁each ▁other , ▁becoming ▁increasing ly ▁close ▁friends ▁as ▁the ▁project ▁goes ▁on . ▁ ▁Later ▁that ▁day , ▁Rub en ▁dro ps ▁by ▁D iane ' s ▁clothes ▁shop ▁on ▁account ▁of ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁D iane ▁failed ▁to ▁pay ▁for ▁Ch uck ' s ▁new ▁glass es , ▁as ▁she ▁had ▁spent ▁it ▁on ▁new ▁sho es ▁for ▁Reg an ▁despite ▁previously ▁agree ing ▁to ▁buy ▁the ▁glass es . ▁D iane ▁then ▁acc uses ▁Rub en ▁of ▁spo iling ▁his ▁own ▁children ▁and ▁neglect ing ▁Reg an , ▁and ▁says ▁that ▁he ▁ought ▁to ▁be ▁making ▁more ▁money . ▁Rub en ▁tries ▁to ▁reason ▁with ▁D iane ▁when ▁suddenly , ▁without ▁prov ocation , ▁D
iane ▁hits ▁him ▁in ▁the ▁head ▁with ▁a ▁label ▁gun . ▁Rub en ▁later ▁adm its ▁to ▁Cla ire ▁that ▁his ▁marriage ▁was ▁a ▁mistake . ▁Cla ire ▁also ▁reve als ▁that ▁she ▁and ▁her ▁husband ▁have ▁also ▁grown ▁apart ▁in ▁recent ▁years . ▁When ▁the ▁project ▁is ▁finished , ▁Rub en ▁adm its ▁his ▁true ▁feelings ▁for ▁Cla ire , ▁and ▁kiss es ▁her ▁on ▁imp ulse . ▁He ▁then ▁leaves ▁her ▁confused , ▁only ▁to ▁return ▁and ▁this ▁time , ▁the ▁two ▁proceed ▁to ▁kiss ▁each ▁other ▁passion ately . ▁Upon ▁real izing ▁their ▁feelings ▁for ▁each ▁other , ▁Cla ire ▁and ▁Rub en ▁start ▁meeting ▁each ▁other ▁secret ly , ▁and ▁cont em plate ▁leaving ▁their ▁sp ouses ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁marry . ▁Although ▁Rub en ▁is ▁a ▁dev out ▁Christian ▁who ▁oppos es ▁divor ce , ▁his ▁feelings ▁for ▁Cla ire ▁remain ▁strong ▁and ▁says ▁he ▁bel ieves ▁they ▁can ▁make ▁it ▁work . ▁Cla ire ▁agre es ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁decision ▁when ▁she ▁is ▁ready . ▁ ▁The ▁Div or ce ▁Later , ▁Rub en ▁and ▁the ▁family ▁go ▁to ▁the ▁annual ▁Christmas ▁party ▁at ▁the ▁Church . ▁While ▁D iane ▁is ▁away , ▁Rub en ▁runs ▁into ▁Cla ire ▁at ▁the ▁dance ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁ste al ▁the ▁dance ▁floor , ▁and ▁Cla ire ▁accepts ▁Rub en ' s ▁proposal . ▁D iane ▁witness es ▁this ▁and ▁confront s ▁her ▁husband ▁at ▁home , ▁where ▁he ▁adm its ▁he ▁no ▁longer ▁wishes ▁to ▁be ▁married ▁to ▁D
iane . ▁D iane ▁makes ▁exc uses ▁for ▁her ▁lack ▁of ▁em path y ▁towards ▁Rub en , ▁but ▁Rub en ▁is ▁convinced ▁that ▁their ▁marriage ▁is ▁irre con cil able . ▁D iane ▁drives ▁him ▁away ▁and ▁v ows ▁to ▁get ▁even ▁with ▁him . ▁Rub en ▁tells ▁Ch uck ▁and ▁Brook ▁about ▁his ▁decision , ▁and ▁the ▁k ids ▁admit ▁to ▁their ▁father ▁that ▁D iane ▁has ▁treated ▁them ▁as ▁badly ▁as ▁she ▁treated ▁him , ▁much ▁to ▁Rub en ' s ▁dist ress . ▁Rub en ▁goes ▁forth ▁with ▁the ▁divor ce ▁proceed ings ▁against ▁D iane ' s ▁wishes . ▁ ▁Meanwhile ▁at ▁school , ▁D iane ▁fe ign s ▁sad ness ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁her ▁students ▁to ▁gain ▁sympathy ▁from ▁them . ▁It ▁becomes ▁apparent ▁that ▁she ▁maintain s ▁a ▁close ▁relationship ▁with ▁her ▁students ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁get ▁them ▁to ▁do ▁her ▁b idd ing ▁when ▁she ▁feels ▁fit . ▁One ▁of ▁her ▁closest ▁students , ▁Doug ▁V est ▁( Christ ian ▁Campbell ) ▁comfort s ▁her ▁and ▁D iane ▁lies ▁that ▁her ▁husband ▁phys ically ▁ab uses ▁her ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁their ▁children , ▁and ▁is ▁turning ▁them ▁against ▁her . ▁D iane ▁h ugs ▁Doug ▁in ▁her ▁drive ▁for ▁sympathy , ▁saying ▁that ▁Rub en ▁would ▁not ▁do ▁this ▁to ▁her ▁if ▁he ▁knew ▁she ▁had ▁him . ▁After ▁school , ▁Doug ▁meets ▁with ▁his ▁friends ▁Josh ▁Yan ke ▁( J on ah ▁Ble ch man ), ▁C ory ▁( Michael ▁Scott ▁Campbell ), ▁and
▁El gin ▁( A ery k ▁E gan ) ▁to ▁discuss ▁" mess ing ▁up " ▁Mr . ▁Bor ch ard t . ▁Doug , ▁whose ▁est r anged ▁father ▁was ▁phys ically ▁ab us ive ▁towards ▁his ▁own ▁mother , ▁says ▁that ▁Rub en ' s ▁behavior ▁is ▁in ex cus able . ▁ ▁One ▁day , ▁Rub en ▁inv ites ▁Cla ire ▁to ▁his ▁house ▁while ▁D iane ▁is ▁away , ▁and ▁presents ▁her ▁with ▁a ▁neck lace ▁as ▁a ▁token ▁of ▁his ▁aff e ctions . ▁Un be known st ▁to ▁the ▁couple , ▁C ory ▁and ▁El gin ▁photograph ▁them ▁in ▁the ▁house , ▁and ▁when ▁D iane ▁shows ▁the ▁pictures ▁to ▁Sh annon ▁Johnson ▁( Al anna ▁U bach ), ▁another ▁one ▁of ▁her ▁students ▁who ▁ass ists ▁her ▁in ▁the ▁shop , ▁she ▁decl ares ▁that ▁she ▁wants ▁Rub en ▁dead . ▁During ▁Christmas ▁break , ▁D iane ▁co ax es ▁Doug ▁into ▁her ▁car , ▁and ▁lets ▁him ▁take ▁it ▁for ▁a ▁spin . ▁She ▁shows ▁him ▁the ▁house ▁and ▁says ▁she ' d ▁be ▁willing ▁to ▁let ▁him ▁have ▁the ▁car . ▁She ▁goes ▁on ▁to ▁explain ▁her ▁situation ▁with ▁Rub en , ▁lying ▁to ▁Doug ▁about ▁the ▁true ▁nature ▁of ▁their ▁divor ce . ▁She ▁then ▁says ▁that ▁if ▁she ▁were ▁to ▁have ▁Rub en ▁killed , ▁it ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁be ▁someone ▁she ▁trust ed , ▁and ▁to ▁his ▁dist ress , ▁she ▁refers ▁to ▁him . ▁ ▁Later , ▁D iane '
s ▁lawyer ▁inform s ▁her ▁that ▁Rub en ▁is ▁seeking ▁sole ▁cust ody ▁of ▁the ▁house , ▁much ▁to ▁her ▁out rage , ▁even ▁though ▁he ▁is ▁the ▁original ▁propriet or . ▁In ▁ret ali ation , ▁D iane ▁inform s ▁the ▁past or ▁of ▁their ▁church ▁that ▁Rub en ▁has ▁st rayed ▁from ▁the ▁church ▁and ▁viol ated ▁the ▁sacred ness ▁of ▁their ▁marriage . ▁Rub en ▁is ▁informed ▁by ▁the ▁past or ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁not ▁to ▁take ▁commun ion ▁at ▁the ▁church ▁for ▁comm itting ▁ad ul tery . ▁After ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁Day , ▁Rub en ▁lear ns ▁that ▁D iane ▁is ▁seeking ▁cust ody ▁of ▁Ch uck ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁her ▁p loy ▁to ▁secure ▁the ▁house , ▁prompt ing ▁Rub en ▁to ▁confront ▁her . ▁D iane ▁react s ▁viol ently ▁and ▁proceed s ▁to ▁phys ically ▁beat ▁Rub en ▁while ▁Ch uck ▁and ▁Brook ▁struggle ▁to ▁stop ▁her . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁divor ce ▁proceed ings , ▁Rub en ▁g ains ▁cust ody ▁of ▁Ch uck ▁and ▁D iane ▁g ains ▁sole ▁cust ody ▁of ▁her ▁shop ▁and ▁Reg an . ▁However , ▁to ▁her ▁out rage ▁Rub en ▁g ains ▁cust ody ▁the ▁house . ▁D iane ▁is ▁to ▁vac ate ▁the ▁property ▁within ▁one ▁month , ▁and ▁sil ently ▁promises ▁to ▁en act ▁reven ge ▁on ▁Rub en . ▁ ▁Later ▁in ▁March , ▁D iane ▁comm issions ▁another ▁student ▁Tim ▁( John ny ▁Str ong ) ▁to ▁do ▁away ▁with ▁her ▁husband
, ▁telling ▁him ▁that ▁the ▁one ▁person ▁she ▁still ▁trust ed ▁let ▁her ▁down . ▁Tim ▁tells ▁this ▁to ▁Doug , ▁who ▁immediately ▁feels ▁guilty ▁for ▁turning ▁his ▁back ▁on ▁D iane . ▁Tim ▁also ▁adm its ▁that ▁D iane ▁may ▁be ▁cont empl ating ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁her ▁husband . ▁D iane ▁later ▁acc uses ▁Rub en ▁of ▁ste aling ▁her ▁j ew ell ery , ▁when ▁in ▁reality ▁she ▁plans ▁on ▁pay ing ▁it ▁to ▁Doug ▁to ▁kill ▁her ▁husband . ▁She ▁also ▁tries ▁to ▁secure ▁title ▁to ▁Rub en ' s ▁life ▁ins urance ▁policy . ▁Later ▁that ▁night , ▁D iane ▁approaches ▁Doug ▁and ▁tells ▁him ▁she ▁wants ▁him ▁to ▁kill ▁Rub en , ▁much ▁to ▁Doug ' s ▁horror . ▁Once ▁again , ▁she ▁makes ▁out ▁Rub en ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁guilty ▁party , ▁claim ing ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁taking ▁everything ▁from ▁her . ▁She ▁b rib es ▁Doug ▁with ▁her ▁j ew ell ery ▁and ▁c ash ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁murder , ▁and ▁he ▁gives ▁in ▁to ▁her ▁dem ands ▁despite ▁his ▁res erv ations . ▁ ▁Doug ▁later ▁comm issions ▁Josh ▁and ▁his ▁cousin ▁Michael ▁M ald on ado ▁( F red dy ▁Rod rig uez ) ▁to ▁help ▁him ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁murder . ▁Michael ▁reject s ▁the ▁proposal , ▁ins isting ▁that ▁he ▁receive ▁higher ▁pay ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁de ed . ▁D iane ▁begins ▁to ▁har ass ▁Cla ire ▁for ▁ste aling ▁Rub en ▁away , ▁going ▁so ▁far ▁as ▁to
▁threaten ▁her ▁with ▁death . ▁Cla ire ▁becomes ▁une asy ▁as ▁the ▁har ass ment ▁pers ists , ▁and ▁ins ists ▁D iane ▁is ▁dangerous , ▁but ▁Rub en ▁ins ists ▁he ▁can ▁handle ▁her . ▁At ▁school , ▁D iane ▁again ▁ins ists ▁that ▁Doug ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁murder , ▁and ▁l ays ▁out ▁her ▁plan ▁to ▁kill ▁Rub en . ▁Doug ▁ref uses ▁to ▁do ▁it , ▁until ▁D iane ▁b rib es ▁him ▁with ▁$ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁from ▁Rub en ' s ▁life ▁ins urance ▁policy . ▁Doug ▁gives ▁in ▁to ▁her ▁dem ands ▁and ▁agre es ▁to ▁pay ▁Josh ▁and ▁Mike ▁part ▁of ▁it ▁and ▁they ▁agree ▁to ▁help ▁him . ▁ ▁The ▁Mur der ▁While ▁D iane ▁is ▁pack ing , ▁Rub en ▁conf ides ▁to ▁Brook ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁a ▁st ash ▁of ▁emer gency ▁c ash ▁for ▁her ▁and ▁Ch uck ▁should ▁anything ▁happen ▁to ▁him , ▁and ▁D iane ▁list ens ▁in . ▁She ▁also ▁pick s ▁a ▁fight ▁with ▁Rub en ▁when ▁she ▁int ends ▁to ▁sell ▁Susan ' s ▁se wing ▁machine , ▁to ▁which ▁Rub en ▁objects . ▁D iane ▁then ▁p unch es ▁Rub en ▁and ▁be ats ▁him ▁when ▁he ▁ref uses ▁to ▁fight ▁back . ▁After ▁gra bb ing ▁her ▁arm ▁in ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁dis arm ▁her , ▁D iane ▁uses ▁the ▁marks ▁on ▁her ▁arm ▁to ▁claim ▁to ▁the ▁police ▁that ▁Rub en ▁hit ▁her . ▁Rub en ▁den ies ▁this ▁and ▁the
▁police ▁tell ▁the ▁couple ▁to ▁separate ▁tempor arily . ▁Having ▁planned ▁on ▁this , ▁D iane ▁agre es ▁to ▁leave ▁the ▁house ▁for ▁E aster , ▁and ▁has ▁made ▁plans ▁to ▁stay ▁at ▁Susan ' s ▁parents ' ▁house ▁with ▁Reg an . ▁She ▁also ▁takes ▁the ▁family ▁dog ▁away ▁by ▁force . ▁Before ▁leaving , ▁D iane ▁forces ▁Rub en ▁to ▁kiss ▁her ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁c ops , ▁and ▁whis pers ▁to ▁him ▁" You ' re ▁dead ". ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁e ve ▁of ▁E aster ▁morning , ▁Rub en ▁is ▁w ary ▁of ▁D iane ' s ▁death ▁threat . ▁He ▁tells ▁Cla ire ▁that ▁should ▁anything ▁happen ▁to ▁him , ▁she ▁is ▁to ▁find ▁another ▁man ▁to ▁make ▁her ▁happy , ▁while ▁ins isting ▁that ▁all ▁will ▁be ▁well . ▁Through out ▁the ▁night , ▁Sh annon ▁cont em plates ▁warning ▁Rub en ▁of ▁the ▁imp ending ▁danger , ▁but ▁fails ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁call . ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁morning ▁hours ▁of ▁E aster ▁Sunday , ▁Doug ▁and ▁his ▁two ▁friends ▁break ▁into ▁the ▁house ▁while ▁Rub en ▁prepar es ▁for ▁E aster ▁service . ▁They ▁gather ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁st airs , ▁where ▁they ▁face ▁Rub en ▁as ▁he ▁goes ▁to ▁w ake ▁his ▁son . ▁Mike ▁pull s ▁out ▁a ▁shot gun ▁and ▁fires ▁two ▁r ounds ▁into ▁Rub en , ▁fat ally ▁w ounding ▁him . ▁The ▁boys ▁then ▁fle e ▁the ▁scene ▁and ▁dump ▁the ▁shot gun ▁into ▁a ▁vac ant
▁lot . ▁Ch uck ▁soon ▁w akes ▁up ▁to ▁find ▁his ▁father ▁ble eding ▁to ▁death ▁on ▁the ▁st airs , ▁and ▁calls ▁ 9 1 1 ▁while ▁Rub en ▁calls ▁Cla ire . ▁As ▁Rub en ▁f ights ▁for ▁his ▁life , ▁he ▁proc laim s ▁his ▁love ▁for ▁her ▁and ▁leaves ▁his ▁children ▁in ▁her ▁care . ▁Rub en ▁is ▁r ushed ▁to ▁the ▁hospital ▁where ▁the ▁family ▁g athers ▁to ▁learn ▁of ▁his ▁condition . ▁Cla ire ▁soon ▁shows ▁up ▁to ▁see ▁Rub en , ▁only ▁to ▁discover ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁died . ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁family ▁m our ns ▁their ▁loss , ▁D iane ▁also ▁lear ns ▁of ▁the ▁murder , ▁and ▁fe ign s ▁shock ▁and ▁sad ness ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁Sue ' s ▁parents . ▁They ▁become ▁susp icious ▁of ▁her ▁when ▁she ▁fails ▁to ▁ask ▁any ▁questions ▁about ▁the ▁murder . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Det ect ives ▁Bur st yn ▁( Cl iff ▁De ▁Young ) ▁and ▁Pi ke ▁( De an ▁Nor ris ) ▁are ▁assigned ▁to ▁track ▁down ▁Rub en ' s ▁k iller . ▁When ▁D iane ▁ref uses ▁to ▁talk ▁to ▁the ▁police ▁after ▁the ▁murder , ▁she ▁becomes ▁the ▁primary ▁suspect . ▁In ▁the ▁days ▁that ▁follow , ▁D iane ▁de als ▁further ▁ins ult ▁to ▁her ▁gr ieving ▁family ▁by ▁threaten ing ▁to ▁sue ▁the ▁fun eral ▁home ▁for ▁proceed ing ▁with ▁Rub en ' s ▁service ▁without ▁her ▁consent , ▁as ▁she ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁present ▁to ▁ar range ▁it
. ▁Brook ▁acc uses ▁her ▁of ▁killing ▁her ▁father , ▁a ▁charge ▁D iane ▁immediately ▁den ies . ▁ ▁The ▁fun eral ▁soon ▁takes ▁place ▁and ▁the ▁family ▁pays ▁their ▁final ▁respect s ▁to ▁Rub en ▁as ▁he ▁is ▁laid ▁to ▁rest . ▁Once ▁again , ▁D iane ▁fe ign s ▁sorrow ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁open ▁c asket ▁to ▁preserve ▁her ▁innoc ence . ▁Cla ire ▁watch es ▁the ▁bur ial ▁from ▁nearby , ▁and ▁soon ▁col laps es ▁from ▁shock . ▁ ▁The ▁Investig ation ▁The ▁police ▁soon ▁discover ▁that ▁the ▁murder ▁weapon ▁was ▁a ▁shot gun , ▁and ▁dedu ce ▁that ▁the ▁shoot er ▁was ▁an ▁amateur , ▁as ▁the ▁gun ▁was ▁of ▁a ▁cheap ▁design . ▁They ▁are ▁later ▁t ipped ▁off ▁about ▁the ▁photograph s ▁taken ▁by ▁C ory ▁and ▁El gin , ▁and ▁question ▁the ▁boys ▁about ▁their ▁activities . ▁They ▁learn ▁that ▁D iane ▁shares ▁her ▁personal ▁problems ▁with ▁her ▁class , ▁and ▁is ▁thus ▁able ▁to ▁manipulate ▁them ▁to ▁do ▁as ▁she ▁ple ases . ▁ ▁Meanwhile , ▁Doug ▁strugg les ▁to ▁ac quire ▁the ▁money ▁promised ▁to ▁him ▁by ▁D iane . ▁Due ▁to ▁her ▁increasing ly ▁susp icious ▁behavior ▁in ▁the ▁case , ▁D iane ▁is ▁denied ▁access ▁to ▁Rub en ' s ▁life ▁ins urance ▁policy . ▁Having ▁grown ▁imp at ient ▁with ▁Doug , ▁Mike ▁threat ens ▁D iane ▁at ▁kn ife - point ▁and ▁dem ands ▁that ▁she ▁pay ▁up . ▁Fr antic , ▁D iane ▁searches ▁her ▁husband '
s ▁bed room ▁for ▁the ▁money ▁he ▁had ▁hidden ▁away , ▁and ▁soon ▁finds ▁a ▁package ▁containing ▁$ 6 , 0 0 0 . ▁She ▁gives ▁$ 1 5 0 0 ▁to ▁the ▁boys , ▁who ▁are ▁still ▁not ▁satisfied ▁with ▁their ▁payment . ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁case ▁remains ▁at ▁a ▁stand st ill , ▁Brook ▁meets ▁Cla ire ▁in ▁the ▁hospital ▁and ▁ple ads ▁that ▁she ▁come ▁back ▁to ▁them , ▁as ▁she ▁was ▁more ▁of ▁a ▁mother ▁to ▁them ▁than ▁D iane ▁ever ▁was . ▁Cla ire ▁bl ames ▁herself ▁for ▁Rub en ' s ▁death , ▁but ▁Brook ▁tells ▁her ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁more ▁alive ▁with ▁Cla ire ▁than ▁he ▁had ▁ever ▁been ▁before . ▁Upon ▁hearing ▁this , ▁Cla ire ▁is ▁soon ▁able ▁to ▁overcome ▁her ▁personal ▁gu ilt ▁and ▁becomes ▁an ▁adopt ive ▁mother ▁to ▁Ch uck ▁and ▁Brook . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Brook ▁has ▁moved ▁to ▁Mad ison , ▁Wisconsin , ▁where ▁she ▁starts ▁over ▁without ▁D iane ▁in ▁her ▁life . ▁Event ually , ▁she ▁meets ▁a ▁boy ▁named ▁Nick ▁at ▁her ▁new ▁job , ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁soon ▁fall ▁in ▁love . ▁After ▁a ▁night ▁in ▁bed , ▁Brook ▁disco vers ▁she ▁is ▁pre gn ant ▁with ▁Nick ' s ▁son , ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁agree ▁to ▁marry ▁each ▁other . ▁ ▁Doug ▁soon ▁real izes ▁that ▁D iane ▁will ▁never ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁pay ▁up , ▁and ▁inform s ▁his ▁friends ▁that ▁he ▁cannot ▁obtain ▁any ▁more ▁money . ▁Meanwhile , ▁Mike ▁adm its ▁to
▁his ▁best ▁friend ▁J eb ▁( And rew ▁K av ov it ) ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁hand ▁in ▁Rub en ' s ▁death , ▁al beit ▁without ▁any ▁not ew orth y ▁rem or se . ▁J eb ▁is ▁unable ▁to ▁bring ▁himself ▁to ▁conf ess ▁to ▁the ▁police . ▁ ▁Five ▁months ▁after ▁the ▁murder , ▁it ▁becomes ▁apparent ▁to ▁D iane ▁that ▁the ▁c ops ▁are ▁on ▁to ▁her , ▁and ▁tries ▁to ▁conce al ▁her ▁gu ilt . ▁Sh annon ▁meets ▁with ▁Doug , ▁and ▁forces ▁him ▁to ▁conf ess ▁his ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁murder ▁so ▁that ▁she ▁can ▁turn ▁in ▁all ▁evidence ▁to ▁the ▁c ops ▁before ▁she ▁commits ▁suic ide , ▁making ▁herself ▁out ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁k iller ▁in ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁protect ▁D iane . ▁D iane ▁dis su ades ▁her ▁from ▁doing ▁this ▁as ▁it ▁will ▁only ▁lead ▁the ▁police ▁back ▁to ▁her ▁regardless . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁school ▁rest arts , ▁the ▁boys ▁are ▁fr ustr ated ▁by ▁their ▁lack ▁of ▁payment , ▁and ▁struggle ▁to ▁conce al ▁the ▁truth ▁about ▁Rub en ' s ▁murder . ▁ ▁Ar rest ▁and ▁Tri al ▁Six ▁months ▁into ▁the ▁case , ▁J eb ▁breaks ▁down ▁and ▁adm its ▁to ▁his ▁friend ▁Jay ▁that ▁Mike ▁and ▁Doug ▁were ▁responsible ▁for ▁Rub en ' s ▁murder . ▁R ather ▁than ▁force ▁J eb ▁to ▁turn ▁in ▁his ▁best ▁friend , ▁Jay ▁goes ▁to ▁the ▁c ops ▁himself ▁and ▁imp licates ▁Doug ▁as ▁an ▁accomp lice . ▁Doug
▁is ▁brought ▁in ▁for ▁question ing , ▁where ▁he ▁accident ally ▁lets ▁s lip ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁in ▁fact ▁involved ▁in ▁Rub en ' s ▁murder . ▁When ▁Bur st yn ▁confront s ▁him ▁on ▁this , ▁Doug ▁makes ▁a ▁full ▁conf ession , ▁and ▁provides ▁him ▁with ▁the ▁names ▁of ▁his ▁accomp lices . ▁Mike ▁and ▁Sh annon ▁are ▁arrested , ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁detect ives ▁r ush ▁to ▁the ▁high ▁school . ▁There , ▁amid st ▁the ▁air ▁of ▁shock ▁and ▁out rage ▁among ▁the ▁students , ▁the ▁police ▁arrest ▁Josh ▁and ▁D iane , ▁with ▁the ▁latter ▁des per ately ▁protest ing ▁her ▁innoc ence ▁as ▁she ▁is ▁drag ged ▁away ▁in ▁hand c uff s . ▁ ▁Six ▁months ▁later , ▁D iane ▁has ▁been ▁set ▁free ▁on ▁b ail ▁as ▁the ▁court ▁proceed s ▁with ▁the ▁tri als . ▁Doug ▁and ▁Mike ▁are ▁both ▁charged ▁with ▁first - deg ree ▁murder ▁as ▁adult s , ▁and ▁face ▁life ▁imprison ment . ▁Josh ▁ple ads ▁guilty ▁to ▁his ▁crime ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁his ▁testim ony , ▁and ▁Sh annon ▁is ▁charged ▁with ▁per j ury . ▁Josh ▁adm its ▁his ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁consp i racy , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Doug ' s ▁role ▁in ▁organ izing ▁the ▁attack . ▁Doug ▁reve als ▁the ▁full ▁details ▁of ▁the ▁murder ▁before ▁the ▁trial , ▁and ▁after ▁his ▁testim ony , ▁he ▁is ▁sent enced ▁to ▁life ▁imprison ment . ▁D iane ▁is ▁soon ▁re arr ested ▁and ▁brought ▁forth ▁to
▁face ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁witness es , ▁who ▁imp licate ▁her ▁as ▁the ▁master mind ▁of ▁the ▁plot ▁against ▁Rub en . ▁Among ▁these ▁witness es ▁is ▁Sh annon , ▁who ▁feels ▁bet rayed ▁by ▁D iane ' s ▁rel uct ance ▁to ▁come ▁forth ▁to ▁her ▁defense . ▁Doug ▁also ▁test ifies ▁against ▁D iane , ▁adm itting ▁that ▁she ▁commission ed ▁him ▁to ▁carry ▁out ▁the ▁murder . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁the ▁test imon ies , ▁the ▁j ury ▁makes ▁its ▁final ▁ver dict . ▁To ▁D iane ' s ▁horror , ▁she ▁is ▁found ▁guilty ▁of ▁first - deg ree ▁intent ional ▁hom ic ide , ▁and ▁breaks ▁down ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁court room ▁as ▁her ▁daughter ▁Reg an ▁looks ▁on ▁in ▁desp air . ▁ ▁Having ▁finally ▁received ▁justice ▁for ▁their ▁father , ▁the ▁Bor ch ard t ▁family , ▁along ▁with ▁Brook ' s ▁husband ▁and ▁new born ▁son ▁Rub en , ▁visit ▁Rub en ' s ▁grave ▁along ▁with ▁Cla ire . ▁The ▁family ▁reflect s ▁on ▁the ▁better ▁days ▁of ▁Rub en ' s ▁life ▁and ▁welcome ▁Brook ' s ▁son , ▁named ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁his ▁grand father , ▁into ▁their ▁family . ▁ ▁Ep ilog ue ▁The ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁film ▁is ▁followed ▁by ▁an ▁ep ilog ue ▁out lin ing ▁the ▁sentences ▁faced ▁by ▁the ▁consp ir ators : ▁ ▁SH AN N ON ▁J OH NS ON ▁is ▁found ▁guilty ▁of ▁per j ury , ▁and ▁receives ▁an ▁eight
y - day ▁j ail ▁sentence ▁along ▁with ▁two ▁years ▁prob ation . ▁ ▁J OS H U A ▁Y AN KE ▁ple aded ▁no ▁contest ▁to ▁second - deg ree ▁intent ional ▁hom ic ide ▁and ▁is ▁sent enced ▁to ▁eigh teen ▁years ▁in ▁prison . ▁ ▁M IC HA EL ▁M AL D ON AD O ▁is ▁found ▁guilty ▁of ▁first - deg ree ▁murder ▁and ▁sent enced ▁to ▁life ▁in ▁prison . ▁He ▁will ▁not ▁be ▁el ig ible ▁for ▁par ole ▁until ▁he ▁has ▁served ▁fifty ▁years ▁of ▁his ▁sentence . ▁ ▁DO U GL AS ▁V E ST ▁J R . ▁is ▁found ▁guilty ▁of ▁first - deg ree ▁murder ▁and ▁sent enced ▁to ▁life ▁in ▁prison . ▁He ▁will ▁not ▁be ▁el ig ible ▁for ▁par ole ▁until ▁he ▁has ▁served ▁twenty - five ▁years ▁of ▁his ▁sentence . ▁ ▁DI AN E ▁B OR CHAR DT ▁is ▁found ▁guilty ▁of ▁first - deg ree ▁murder ▁and ▁sent enced ▁to ▁life ▁in ▁prison , ▁and ▁will ▁not ▁be ▁el ig ible ▁for ▁par ole ▁until ▁she ▁has ▁served ▁ 4 0 ▁years ▁of ▁her ▁sentence , ▁by ▁that ▁time ▁being ▁no ▁less ▁than ▁eight y - six ▁years ▁of ▁age . ▁ ▁Production ▁U ly ss es ▁S . ▁Grant ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁California ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁the ▁film ing ▁location ▁for ▁the ▁external ▁scenes ▁at ▁the ▁high ▁school ▁where ▁D iane ▁Bor ch ard t ▁teach es . ▁ ▁During ▁production , ▁the
▁names ▁of ▁several ▁individuals ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁were ▁deliber ately ▁changed ▁for ▁their ▁purposes ▁and ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁film . ▁ ▁Cast ▁D iane ▁Kay ▁Bor ch ard t ▁– ▁Ann - M arg ret ▁Rub en ▁Bor ch ard t ▁– ▁Peter ▁Co y ote ▁Cla ire ▁Brown ▁– ▁Les lie ▁Hope ▁Bro oke ▁Bor ch ard t ▁– ▁H edy ▁B urr ess ▁Ch uck ▁Bor ch ard t ▁– ▁Tob ey ▁Mag u ire ▁Reg an ▁Bor ch ard t ▁– ▁Ver onica ▁La uren ▁Douglas ▁V est , ▁Jr . ▁– ▁Christian ▁Campbell ▁Michael ▁M ald on ado ▁– ▁Fred dy ▁Rod rig uez ▁Tim ▁– ▁Johnny ▁Str ong ▁Josh ua ▁Yan ke ▁– ▁Jon ah ▁Ble ch man ▁Sh annon ▁Johnson ▁– ▁Al anna ▁U bach ▁S eth ▁– ▁D anny ▁Master son ▁El gin ▁Thomas ▁– ▁A ery k ▁E gan ▁C ory ▁– ▁Scott ▁Michael ▁Campbell ▁Det ect ive ▁Bur st yn ▁– ▁Cl iff ▁De ▁Young ▁Det ect ive ▁Pi ke ▁– ▁Dean ▁Nor ris ▁Princi pal ▁– ▁Bel inda ▁Bal ask i ▁Sister ▁- ▁Reb e cca ▁Stein ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁television ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁crime ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : American ▁crime ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : American ▁television ▁films ▁Category : D rama ▁films ▁based ▁on ▁actual ▁events ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁about ▁educ ators ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in
▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁Mad ison , ▁Wisconsin ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁▁ ▁Category : Cr ime ▁films ▁based ▁on ▁actual ▁events <0x0A> </s> ▁Que br ada ▁is ▁a ▁bar rio ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁Cam uy , ▁Puerto ▁Rico . ▁Its ▁population ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁was ▁ 3 , 8 1 3 . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁took ▁control ▁of ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁from ▁Spain ▁in ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish - American ▁War ▁under ▁the ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Paris ▁of ▁ 1 8 9 8 . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 9 , ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁conducted ▁its ▁first ▁census ▁of ▁Puerto ▁Rico , ▁finding ▁that ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁Que br ada ▁bar rio ▁was ▁ 1 , 2 1 3 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁communities ▁in ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Bar rios ▁of ▁Cam uy , ▁Puerto ▁Rico <0x0A> </s> ▁Spanish ▁tort illa ▁is ▁a ▁traditional ▁d ish ▁from ▁Spain ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁signature ▁d ishes ▁in ▁the ▁Spanish ▁cu is ine . ▁It ▁is ▁an ▁o me lette ▁made ▁with ▁eggs ▁and ▁pot atoes , ▁option ally ▁including ▁on ion . ▁It ▁is ▁often ▁served ▁at ▁room ▁temperature ▁as ▁a ▁t apa . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁commonly ▁known ▁in ▁Spanish - spe aking ▁countries ▁as ▁, ▁ ▁or ▁. ▁ ▁History ▁▁ ▁The ▁first ▁reference ▁to ▁the ▁tort illa ▁in ▁Spanish
▁is ▁found ▁in ▁a ▁Navar res e ▁document , ▁as ▁an ▁anonymous ▁" Mouse hole ' s ▁mem orial " ▁addressed ▁to ▁the ▁Navar ra ▁region ' s ▁court ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 7 . ▁It ▁explains ▁the ▁sparse ▁conditions ▁of ▁Navar re ' s ▁far mers ▁in ▁contrast ▁with ▁those ▁in ▁Pam pl ona ▁( the ▁capital ) ▁and ▁la ▁R iber a ▁( in ▁southern ▁Navar re ). ▁After ▁listing ▁the ▁sparse ▁food ▁e aten ▁by ▁high land ers , ▁the ▁next ▁quote ▁follows : ▁" … two ▁to ▁three ▁eggs ▁in ▁tort illa ▁for ▁ 5 ▁or ▁ 6 ▁[ people ] ▁as ▁our ▁women ▁do ▁know ▁how ▁to ▁make ▁it ▁big ▁and ▁thick ▁with ▁less ▁eggs , ▁mixing ▁pot atoes , ▁bread cr umb s ▁or ▁whatever ." ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁legend , ▁during ▁the ▁sie ge ▁of ▁Bil ba o , ▁Car list ▁general ▁Tom ás ▁de ▁Zum al ac ár reg ui ▁invent ed ▁the ▁" t ort illa ▁de ▁pat at as " ▁as ▁an ▁easy , ▁fast ▁and ▁nut rit ious ▁d ish ▁to ▁satisfy ▁the ▁scarc ities ▁of ▁the ▁Car list ▁army . ▁Although ▁it ▁remains ▁unknown ▁whether ▁this ▁is ▁true , ▁it ▁appears ▁the ▁tort illa ▁started ▁to ▁spread ▁during ▁the ▁early ▁Car list ▁wars . ▁ ▁Another ▁tale ▁is ▁that ▁the ▁reci pe ▁was ▁lear nt ▁by ▁Spanish ▁prisoners ▁captured ▁after ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Mont es ▁Clar os ▁during ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Rest oration ▁War ▁in ▁ 1 6 6 5 .
▁After ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁victory , ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 ▁Spanish ▁soldiers ▁were ▁kept ▁in ▁capt ivity ▁for ▁ 3 ▁years ▁until ▁the ▁ 1 6 6 8 ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Lis bon ▁was ▁signed . ▁Upon ▁their ▁release , ▁these ▁prisoners ▁brought ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁culture ▁of ▁Al ente jo ▁to ▁Spain , ▁including ▁many ▁reci pes , ▁which ▁featured ▁a ▁pot ato ▁egg ▁pie ▁that ▁evol ved ▁into ▁the ▁modern ▁version ▁of ▁" t ort illa ". ▁ ▁N omen cl ature ▁T ort illa , ▁in ▁European ▁Spanish , ▁means ▁o me lette . ▁As ▁such , ▁a ▁pot ato ▁o me lette ▁is ▁a ▁tort illa ▁de ▁pat at as ▁or ▁pap as . ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁d ish ▁has ▁gained ▁international ▁popular ity , ▁and ▁perhaps ▁to ▁avoid ▁being ▁mixed ▁up ▁with ▁the ▁thin ▁flat b read ▁made ▁out ▁of ▁whe at ▁or ▁ma ize ▁popular ▁in ▁Latin ▁America , ▁the ▁españ ola ▁or ▁Spanish ▁naming ▁gained ▁tra ction . ▁As ▁such , ▁Spanish ▁o me lette ▁or ▁Spanish ▁tort illa ▁are ▁its ▁common ▁names ▁in ▁English , ▁while ▁tort illa ▁españ ola ▁is ▁formally ▁accepted ▁name ▁even ▁within ▁the ▁pen ins ula . ▁ ▁T ort illa ▁is ▁the ▁dimin utive ▁form ▁of ▁tort a , ▁meaning ▁' small ▁pan ca ke '. ▁ ▁Cons umption ▁and ▁traditional ▁reci pe ▁The ▁Spanish ▁o me lette ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁widely ▁available ▁d ishes ▁in ▁Spain , ▁also ▁prepared ▁in ▁some ▁Spanish - spe
aking ▁countries . ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁main ▁options ▁are ▁either ▁with ▁or ▁without ▁on ion ▁in ▁it , ▁with ▁consum ers ▁almost ▁always ▁having ▁a ▁preference . ▁The ▁addition ▁of ▁on ion ▁is ▁often ▁controvers ial , ▁and ▁sometimes ▁may ▁be ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁tend ern ess ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁vari eties ▁of ▁pot ato . ▁The ▁indic ation ▁of ▁whether ▁a ▁tort illa ▁includes ▁on ion ▁or ▁not ▁is ▁expected ▁from ▁restaur ateurs , ▁and ▁industrial ▁produ cers ▁market ▁both ▁options . ▁ ▁The ▁most ▁common ▁procedure ▁to ▁cook ▁a ▁Spanish ▁O me lette ▁goes ▁like ▁this : ▁▁ ▁The ▁pot atoes , ▁ide ally ▁a ▁st archy ▁variety , ▁are ▁cut ▁into ▁thin ▁s lices ▁or ▁small ▁dice . ▁ ▁They ▁are ▁then ▁season ed ▁and ▁sa ut é ed ▁in ▁veget able ▁oil , ▁ide ally ▁o live ▁oil , ▁with ▁s lic ed ▁on ions ▁being ▁added ▁at ▁this ▁stage ▁if ▁used . ▁These ▁ing red ients ▁are ▁stir red ▁at ▁a ▁moder ate ▁temperature ▁until ▁they ▁are ▁soft ▁but ▁not ▁brown . ▁ ▁The ▁pot atoes ▁( and ▁on ions , ▁if ▁included ) ▁are ▁then ▁removed , ▁dra ined , ▁and ▁mixed ▁with ▁wh isk ed ▁eggs . ▁ ▁This ▁mixture ▁is ▁then ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁pan ▁and ▁slowly ▁gr illed , ▁turning ▁the ▁o me lette ▁to ▁gr ill ▁both ▁sides . ▁ ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁turn ▁it , ▁once ▁the ▁eggs ▁are ▁cook ed ▁on ▁one ▁side , ▁a ▁plate ▁should ▁be ▁placed ▁over ▁the
▁mixture ▁so ▁the ▁pan ▁can ▁be ▁invert ed . ▁ ▁The ▁mixture ▁is ▁then ▁sli pped ▁back ▁into ▁the ▁pan ▁to ▁cook ▁the ▁other ▁side . ▁ ▁The ▁o me lette ▁may ▁be ▁e aten ▁hot , ▁at ▁room ▁temperature , ▁or ▁cold ; ▁it ▁is ▁commonly ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁t apa . ▁As ▁a ▁t apa , ▁it ▁may ▁be ▁cut ▁into ▁b ite - size ▁pieces ▁and ▁served ▁on ▁co ck tail ▁st icks ; ▁a ▁large ▁tort illa ▁can ▁be ▁cut ▁into ▁tri angular ▁port ions ▁( pin cho ▁de ▁tort illa ) ▁to ▁be ▁e aten ▁as ▁a ▁finger ▁food . ▁ ▁A ▁very ▁large ▁tort illa ▁was ▁made ▁by ▁ 1 2 ▁che fs ▁in ▁V itor ia , ▁Spain ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁claim ing ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁record . ▁It ▁was ▁ ▁in ▁diameter , ▁and ▁used ▁ 1 . 6 tons ▁of ▁pot atoes , ▁ 1 6 , 0 0 0 ▁eggs , ▁ ▁of ▁oil , ▁ ▁of ▁on ions , ▁and ▁ ▁of ▁salt . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁, ▁a ▁Mexican ▁flat ▁bread ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Span ish ▁cu is ine ▁Category : E gg ▁d ishes ▁Category : O me lett es ▁Category : P ot ato ▁d ishes ▁Category : National ▁d ishes <0x0A> </s> ▁Sir ▁Mark ▁Justin ▁Ly all ▁Grant , ▁ ▁( born ▁ 2 9 ▁May ▁ 1 9 5 6 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁senior ▁British
▁diplom at ▁who ▁was ▁previously ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ' s ▁National ▁Security ▁Ad vis er ▁and ▁P erman ent ▁Represent ative ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Nations . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Hamm ers m ith ▁to ▁Mary ▁( née ▁Moore ) ▁and ▁Maj ▁Gen ▁Ian ▁Ly all ▁Grant ▁MC , ▁Grant ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁E ton ▁College ▁and ▁read ▁law ▁at ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁Cambridge . ▁He ▁was ▁called ▁to ▁the ▁bar ▁at ▁Middle ▁Temple , ▁London ▁before ▁joining ▁the ▁Foreign ▁and ▁Commonwealth ▁Office ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁His ▁wife , ▁She ila , ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁diplom at . ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Lady ▁Ly all ▁Grant , ▁with ▁Hub erta ▁von ▁V oss ▁W itt ig , ▁made ▁a ▁video ▁appeal ▁to ▁As ma ▁al - Ass ad , ▁calling ▁on ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁first ▁lady ▁to ▁take ▁a ▁stand ▁against ▁violence ▁in ▁her ▁country . ▁The ▁Ly all ▁Gr ants ▁have ▁a ▁son ▁and ▁a ▁daughter . ▁Ly all ▁Grant ' s ▁spare ▁time ▁activities ▁include ▁golf , ▁tennis , ▁and ▁bridge . ▁ ▁Diplom atic ▁career ▁ ▁Ly all ▁Grant ▁was ▁British ▁P erman ent ▁Represent ative ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁( UN ) ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁He ▁held ▁the ▁office ▁of ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Security ▁Council ▁four ▁times : ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 2
, ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁and ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Ly all ▁Grant ▁was ▁appointed ▁a ▁Comp an ion ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁St ▁Michael ▁and ▁St ▁George ▁( CM G ) ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁New ▁Year ▁Hon ours ▁before ▁being ▁promoted ▁to ▁Knight ▁Commander ▁( K CM G ) ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁B irth day ▁Hon ours ▁and ▁a ▁Knight ▁Grand ▁Cross ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁New ▁Year ▁Hon ours . ▁ ▁On ▁ 7 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Number ▁ 1 0 ▁Down ing ▁St ▁announced ▁that ▁Sir ▁Mark ▁would ▁replace ▁Sir ▁Kim ▁Dar ro ch ▁as ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ' s ▁National ▁Security ▁Ad visor ▁on ▁ 7 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁with ▁Dar ro ch ▁moving ▁to ▁a ▁different ▁diplom atic ▁post . ▁As ▁of ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Ly all ▁Grant ▁was ▁paid ▁a ▁sal ary ▁of ▁between ▁£ 1 6 0 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁£ 1 6 4 , 9 9 9 , ▁making ▁him ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 2 8 ▁most ▁highly ▁paid ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁public ▁sector ▁at ▁that ▁time . ▁On ▁ 2 7 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁Ly all ▁Grant ▁would ▁ret ire ▁in ▁April ▁and ▁be ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁Home ▁Office ▁P erman ent ▁Secretary ▁Mark ▁Sed will . ▁ ▁Foreign ▁and ▁Commonwealth ▁Office ▁career
▁tim eline ▁▁▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 7 ▁National ▁Security ▁Ad vis er ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 – 1 5 ▁British ▁P erman ent ▁Represent ative ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 – 0 9 ▁F CO , ▁Director ▁General ▁for ▁Political ▁Affairs ▁▁ 2 0 0 3 – 0 6 ▁High ▁Commission er ▁to ▁Pakistan ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 – 0 3 ▁F CO ▁director , ▁Africa ▁▁ 1 9 9 8 – 2 0 0 0 ▁Head , ▁European ▁Union ▁department , ▁F CO ▁▁ 1 9 9 6 – 9 8 ▁Deput y ▁High ▁Commission er ▁and ▁Cons ul ▁General , ▁South ▁Africa ▁▁ 1 9 9 4 – 9 6 ▁Second ed ▁to ▁European ▁Secret ariat , ▁Cab inet ▁Office ▁▁ 1 9 9 0 – 9 3 ▁First ▁Secretary , ▁Paris ▁▁ 1 9 8 7 – 8 9 ▁Private ▁Secretary ▁to ▁Minister ▁of ▁State , ▁F CO ▁▁ 1 9 8 5 – 8 7 ▁F CO ▁▁ 1 9 8 2 – 8 5 ▁Second ▁Secretary , ▁Islam abad ▁▁ 1 9 8 0 – 8 2 ▁F CO , ▁worked ▁in ▁Southern ▁Africa ▁department ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Off ices ▁held ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Sir ▁Mark ▁Ly all ▁Grant , ▁g ov . uk ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁educated ▁at ▁E ton ▁College ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Tr inity ▁College , ▁Cambridge
▁Category : High ▁Commission ers ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁to ▁Pakistan ▁Category : K n ights ▁Grand ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁St ▁Michael ▁and ▁St ▁George ▁Category : P erman ent ▁Representatives ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁Nations ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁H M ▁Diplom atic ▁Service <0x0A> </s> ▁Dream ▁ 1 0 0 ▁( 1 0 0 . 2 ▁FM ) ▁is ▁an ▁Independent ▁Local ▁Radio ▁station ▁that ▁formerly ▁broadcast ▁ 2 4 ▁hours ▁a ▁day ▁across ▁north ▁east ▁Es sex ▁and ▁south ▁east ▁Su ff olk ▁from ▁Col chester . ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁in ception ▁of ▁sister ▁station ▁Town ▁ 1 0 2 ▁in ▁I ps wich ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Town ▁ 1 0 2 ▁has ▁taken ▁over ▁the ▁South ▁Su ff olk ▁broadcast ing ▁area , ▁leaving ▁Dream ▁ 1 0 0 ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁North ▁Es sex . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁station ▁has ▁its ▁roots ▁as ▁M ellow ▁ 1 5 5 7 ▁on ▁ 1 5 5 7 MW ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁On ▁September ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁it ▁was ▁sold ▁by ▁Radio ▁First ▁to ▁T ind le ▁Radio ▁Ltd ▁and ▁later ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁became ▁an ▁FM ▁station . ▁ ▁Form er ▁pir ate ▁radio ▁DJ ▁Bill ▁Roll ins ▁has ▁been ▁at ▁the ▁T end ring ▁station ▁through ▁its ▁various ▁evolution s , ▁from ▁day ▁ 1 ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁Broadcast
▁Area ▁Dream ▁broadcast s ▁on ▁ 1 0 0 . 2 FM ▁from ▁a ▁transmission ▁site ▁Tel star ▁Nur series ▁at ▁Cook ' s ▁Green ▁near ▁Little ▁Cla ct on ▁in ▁T end ring ▁at ▁ 2 K W . ▁But ▁moved ▁sites ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁to ▁Valley bridge ▁Road ▁which ▁is ▁where ▁the ▁new ▁Free view ▁site ▁for ▁Cla ct on ▁is . ▁ ▁Program ming ▁Program mes ▁between ▁ 0 6 0 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 0 0 ▁Monday ▁to ▁Friday ▁and ▁between ▁ 0 8 0 0 ▁and ▁ 1 2 0 0 ▁on ▁Saturday ▁and ▁Sunday ▁are ▁produced ▁in ▁the ▁Town ▁ 1 0 2 ▁stud ios ▁near ▁I ps wich ▁for ▁broadcast ▁on ▁Dream ▁ 1 0 0 . ▁Program mes ▁outside ▁these ▁times ▁are ▁shared ▁with ▁all ▁Ang li an ▁Radio ▁stations . ▁From ▁ 2 7 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁all ▁programming ▁is ▁shared ▁with ▁Town ▁ 1 0 2 ▁using ▁the ▁same ▁pl ayout ▁and ▁announ cer ▁but ▁with ▁station ▁unique ▁id ents . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Media ▁UK ▁▁ ▁Local ▁radio ▁in ▁Su ff olk ▁ ▁Dream ▁Category : Radio ▁stations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁England <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁algorithm ic ▁state ▁machine ▁( AS M ) ▁method ▁is ▁a ▁method ▁for ▁design ing ▁finite ▁state ▁machines . ▁It ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁represent ▁diag rams ▁of ▁digital ▁integrated ▁circ uits
. ▁The ▁AS M ▁diagram ▁is ▁like ▁a ▁state ▁diagram ▁but ▁more ▁struct ured ▁and , ▁thus , ▁easier ▁to ▁understand . ▁ ▁An ▁AS M ▁chart ▁is ▁a ▁method ▁of ▁describing ▁the ▁sequ ential ▁operations ▁of ▁a ▁digital ▁system . ▁ ▁AS M ▁method ▁ ▁The ▁AS M ▁method ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁steps : ▁▁ 1 . ▁Create ▁an ▁algorithm , ▁using ▁pseudo code , ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁desired ▁operation ▁of ▁the ▁device . ▁ 2 . ▁Convert ▁the ▁pseudo code ▁into ▁an ▁AS M ▁chart . ▁ 3 . ▁Design ▁the ▁dat ap ath ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁AS M ▁chart . ▁ 4 . ▁Create ▁a ▁detailed ▁AS M ▁chart ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁dat ap ath . ▁ 5 . ▁Design ▁the ▁control ▁logic ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁detailed ▁AS M ▁chart . ▁ ▁AS M ▁chart ▁ ▁An ▁AS M ▁chart ▁consists ▁of ▁an ▁inter connection ▁of ▁four ▁types ▁of ▁basic ▁elements : ▁state ▁name , ▁state ▁box , ▁condition ▁checks , ▁and ▁conditional ▁outputs . ▁ ▁An ▁AS M ▁state , ▁represented ▁as ▁a ▁rectangle , ▁corresponds ▁to ▁one ▁state ▁of ▁a ▁regular ▁state ▁diagram ▁or ▁finite ▁state ▁machine . ▁The ▁Moore ▁type ▁outputs ▁are ▁listed ▁inside ▁the ▁box . ▁frame \| right \| ▁State ▁Name ▁State ▁Name : ▁The ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁is ▁indicated ▁inside ▁the ▁circle ▁and ▁the ▁circle ▁is ▁placed ▁in ▁the ▁top ▁left ▁corner ▁or ▁the ▁name ▁is ▁placed ▁without ▁the ▁circle . ▁ ▁State ▁Box : ▁The ▁output ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁is
▁indicated ▁inside ▁the ▁rectangle ▁box ▁ ▁Dec ision ▁Box : ▁A ▁diam ond ▁indicates ▁that ▁the ▁stated ▁condition / expression ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁tested ▁and ▁the ▁exit ▁path ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁chosen ▁accordingly . ▁ ▁The ▁condition ▁expression ▁contains ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁inputs ▁to ▁the ▁F SM ▁( Fin ite ▁State ▁Machine ). ▁ ▁An ▁AS M ▁condition ▁check , ▁indicated ▁by ▁a ▁diam ond ▁with ▁one ▁input ▁and ▁two ▁outputs ▁( for ▁true ▁and ▁false ), ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁condition ally ▁transfer ▁between ▁two ▁State ▁Bo xes , ▁to ▁another ▁Dec ision ▁Box , ▁or ▁to ▁a ▁Cond itional ▁Output ▁Box . ▁ ▁The ▁decision ▁box ▁contains ▁the ▁stated ▁condition ▁expression ▁to ▁be ▁tested , ▁the ▁expression ▁contains ▁one ▁or ▁more ▁inputs ▁of ▁the ▁F SM . ▁ ▁Cond itional ▁Output ▁Box : ▁An ▁o val ▁denotes ▁the ▁output ▁signals ▁that ▁are ▁of ▁Me aly ▁type . ▁ ▁These ▁outputs ▁depend ▁not ▁only ▁on ▁the ▁state ▁but ▁also ▁the ▁inputs ▁to ▁the ▁F SM . ▁ ▁Dat ap ath ▁ ▁Once ▁the ▁desired ▁operation ▁of ▁a ▁circuit ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁using ▁R TL ▁operations , ▁the ▁dat ap ath ▁components ▁may ▁be ▁derived . ▁ ▁Every ▁unique ▁variable ▁that ▁is ▁assigned ▁a ▁value ▁in ▁the ▁R TL ▁program ▁can ▁be ▁implemented ▁as ▁a ▁register . ▁ ▁Depending ▁on ▁the ▁functional ▁operation ▁performed ▁when ▁assigning ▁a ▁value ▁to ▁a ▁variable , ▁the ▁register ▁for ▁that ▁variable ▁may ▁be ▁implemented ▁as ▁a ▁straightforward ▁register , ▁a ▁shift ▁register , ▁a ▁counter , ▁or ▁a
▁register ▁preced ed ▁by ▁a ▁combin ational ▁logic ▁block . ▁ ▁The ▁combin ational ▁logic ▁block ▁associated ▁with ▁a ▁register ▁may ▁implement ▁an ▁ad der , ▁subtract er , ▁multiple x er , ▁or ▁some ▁other ▁type ▁of ▁combin ational ▁logic ▁function . ▁ ▁D etailed ▁AS M ▁chart ▁ ▁Once ▁the ▁dat ap ath ▁is ▁designed , ▁the ▁AS M ▁chart ▁is ▁converted ▁to ▁a ▁detailed ▁AS M ▁chart . ▁ ▁The ▁R TL ▁notation ▁is ▁replaced ▁by ▁signals ▁defined ▁in ▁the ▁dat ap ath . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Flow chart ▁ ▁D rak on - chart ▁ ▁Me aly ▁machine ▁ ▁Moore ▁machine ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Christopher ▁R . ▁Cla re : ▁Design ing ▁Log ic ▁Systems ▁Using ▁State ▁Mach ines , ▁McG raw - H ill ▁ 1 9 7 3 , ▁. ▁ ▁S ung gu ▁Lee : ▁Computer ▁Design : ▁An ▁Example ▁of ▁Advanced ▁Digital ▁Log ic ▁Design , ▁Pr ent ice - H all ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁. ▁ ▁S ung gu ▁Lee : ▁Advanced ▁Digital ▁Log ic ▁Design : ▁Using ▁V H DL , ▁State ▁Mach ines , ▁and ▁Syn thesis ▁for ▁F PG As , ▁Thom son ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁. ▁ ▁Stephen ▁D . ▁Brown , ▁Z von ko ▁V ran es ic : ▁Fund ament als ▁of ▁Digital ▁Log ic ▁with ▁V H DL ▁Design . ▁ 2 nd , ▁McG raw ▁Hill ▁ 2 0 0 4 ; ▁. ▁ 3 rd , ▁McG raw
▁Hill ▁ 2 0 0 9 ; ▁. ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Br ief ▁Introduction ▁to ▁AS M ▁Ch arts ▁AS M ++ : ▁a ▁modern ▁Algorithm ic ▁State ▁Machine ▁method ology ▁for ▁R TL ▁designs ▁ ▁Category : Comput er ▁engineering ▁Category : E lect ron ic ▁design ▁autom ation <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁Republic ▁() ▁is ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁state ▁of ▁Slov ak ia ▁and ▁the ▁commander - in - ch ief ▁of ▁the ▁Ar med ▁Forces . ▁The ▁president ▁is ▁directly ▁elected ▁by ▁the ▁people ▁for ▁five ▁years , ▁and ▁can ▁be ▁elected ▁for ▁a ▁maximum ▁of ▁two ▁consecutive ▁terms . ▁The ▁presiden cy ▁is ▁largely ▁a ▁cer emon ial ▁office , ▁but ▁the ▁president ▁does ▁exercise ▁certain ▁limited ▁powers ▁with ▁absolute ▁dis cret ion . ▁The ▁president ' s ▁official ▁residence ▁is ▁the ▁Gr ass alk ov ich ▁Palace ▁in ▁Br atis lava . ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁office ▁The ▁office ▁was ▁established ▁by ▁the ▁constitution ▁of ▁Slov ak ia ▁on ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁when ▁Slov ak ia ▁perman ently ▁split ▁from ▁Czech oslov ak ia ▁and ▁became ▁independent . ▁The ▁office ▁was ▁vac ant ▁until ▁ 2 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁when ▁the ▁first ▁president ▁Mich al ▁K ová č ▁was ▁elected ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁Council ▁of ▁Slov ak ▁Republic . ▁However , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁the ▁National ▁Council ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁elect ▁a ▁successor ▁to ▁K ová č . ▁As ▁a
▁result , ▁for ▁half ▁a ▁year ▁after ▁K ová č ' s ▁term ▁ended ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁the ▁position ▁was ▁vac ant . ▁The ▁duties ▁and ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁office ▁de vol ved ▁upon ▁the ▁then ▁prime ▁minister ▁and ▁speaker ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Council . ▁To ▁resolve ▁the ▁issue , ▁the ▁constitution ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁provide ▁for ▁popular ▁election ▁of ▁the ▁president . ▁President ial ▁elections ▁have ▁been ▁held ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁The ▁current ▁president ▁is ▁Z uz ana ▁Č ap ut ová , ▁who ▁took ▁office ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Ro le ▁and ▁powers ▁The ▁president ▁of ▁Slov ak ia ▁has ▁a ▁limited ▁role ▁in ▁policy - making , ▁as ▁the ▁office ▁is ▁largely ▁cer emon ial ▁within ▁the ▁framework ▁of ▁a ▁parliament ary ▁republic . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁constitution , ▁the ▁president ▁is ▁the ▁supre me ▁representative ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁both ▁in ▁Slov ak ia ▁and ▁abroad . ▁ ▁The ▁president ▁represents ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁Republic ▁extern ally ▁and ▁con cludes ▁and ▁rat ifies ▁international ▁treat ies . ▁He ▁or ▁she ▁may ▁delegate ▁to ▁the ▁Government ▁or , ▁with ▁the ▁Government ' s ▁consent , ▁to ▁individual ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁Republic , ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁international ▁treat ies . ▁Histor ically ▁all ▁Slov ak ▁pres idents ▁deleg
ated ▁this ▁power ▁to ▁the ▁Government . ▁Techn ically ▁it ▁is ▁officially ▁done ▁by ▁Dec ision ▁of ▁President ▁No . ▁ 2 5 0 / 2 0 0 1 ▁Coll . ▁( which ▁su pers eded ▁Dec ision ▁of ▁President ▁No . ▁ 2 0 5 / 1 9 9 3 ▁Coll .), ▁which ▁is ▁still ▁in ▁effect . ▁ ▁Among ▁the ▁president ' s ▁constitution al ▁powers ▁are ▁nomin ating ▁and ▁appoint ing ▁the ▁prime ▁minister . ▁The ▁president ' s ▁choice ▁is ▁not ▁limited , ▁but ▁by ▁constitution ▁the ▁president ▁through ▁his ▁dec isions ▁ens ures ▁due ▁performance ▁of ▁constitution al ▁bodies . ▁Because ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁who ever ▁is ▁appointed ▁prime ▁minister ▁must ▁receive ▁a ▁vote ▁of ▁confidence ▁in ▁parliament , ▁the ▁president ▁usually ▁appoint s ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁winning ▁party ▁or ▁coal ition ▁in ▁parliament ary ▁elections . ▁ ▁The ▁president ▁has ▁sole ▁dis cret ion ▁to ▁appoint ▁three ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁jud icial ▁council , ▁one ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Bud get ▁Council , ▁and ▁two ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁council ▁of ▁the ▁Nation ' s ▁Memory ▁Institute ; ▁to ▁award ▁dist in ctions , ▁to ▁appoint ▁the ▁president ▁and ▁vice - pres ident ▁of ▁the ▁Constitution al ▁Court ▁of ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁Republic ▁( from ▁among ▁the ▁Constitution al ▁Court ▁jud ges ), ▁and ▁to ▁grant ▁p ardon ▁or ▁par ole . ▁ ▁The ▁president ▁can ▁also ▁v eto ▁any ▁bill ▁or ▁proposal ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁Council , ▁except ▁for ▁constitution al ▁am end ments . ▁This ▁v
eto ▁can ▁be ▁overrid den ▁if ▁the ▁National ▁Council ▁passes ▁the ▁same ▁bill ▁again ▁with ▁a ▁majority ▁of ▁all ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Council , ▁so ▁this ▁power ▁is ▁considered ▁quite ▁weak . ▁ ▁The ▁president ▁is ▁formally ▁the ▁commander - in - ch ief ▁of ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁armed ▁forces , ▁but ▁this ▁role ▁is ▁cer emon ial , ▁because ▁by ▁the ▁constitution ▁when ▁the ▁president ▁acts ▁as ▁the ▁commander - in - ch ief ▁his ▁or ▁her ▁decision ▁is ▁valid ▁only ▁after ▁it ▁is ▁signed ▁by ▁the ▁prime ▁minister ▁or ▁a ▁minister ▁author ized ▁by ▁the ▁prime ▁minister , ▁and ▁in ▁such ▁cases ▁the ▁Government ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁president ' s ▁decision . ▁The ▁same ▁applies ▁to ▁gr ants ▁of ▁am n esty ▁and ▁appoint ments ▁of ▁chief s ▁of ▁diplom atic ▁miss ions . ▁ ▁Among ▁their ▁other ▁constitution al ▁duties ▁are ▁signing ▁b ills ▁into ▁law , ▁appoint ing ▁minister s ▁on ▁the ▁recommendation ▁of ▁the ▁prime ▁minister , ▁and ▁appoint ing ▁various ▁other ▁state ▁officials : ▁gener als , ▁profess ors , ▁jud ges , ▁rect ors , ▁pro cur ators ▁and ▁the ▁like . ▁ ▁The ▁president ▁has ▁dis cret ion ary ▁power ▁( he ▁or ▁she ▁can ▁refuse ▁appointment ) ▁over ▁the ▁appoint ments ▁of ▁some ▁officials . ▁For ▁example , ▁there ▁have ▁been ▁cases ▁when ▁the ▁president ▁has ▁refused ▁to ▁appoint ▁vice - g overn ors ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Bank ▁of ▁Slov ak ia ▁recommended ▁by ▁government . ▁These ▁actions ▁of ▁the ▁president ▁were ▁confirmed
▁by ▁the ▁Constitution al ▁Court . ▁ ▁In ▁many ▁cases ▁the ▁appointment ▁of ▁state ▁officials ▁is ▁reg ulated ▁by ▁other ▁laws . ▁For ▁example , ▁the ▁president ' s ▁power ▁to ▁appoint ▁constitution al ▁jud ges ▁is ▁limited ▁to ▁selection ▁from ▁nom ine es ▁voted ▁by ▁the ▁National ▁Council , ▁from ▁which ▁the ▁president ▁has ▁to ▁appoint ▁half . ▁The ▁appointment ▁or ▁recall ▁of ▁jud ges ▁is ▁determined ▁by ▁dec isions ▁of ▁the ▁Jud icial ▁Council , ▁which ▁subm its ▁its ▁propos als ▁to ▁the ▁president . ▁ ▁President ial ▁powers ▁are ▁substantial ly ▁increased ▁in ▁the ▁special ▁circumst ance ▁when ▁the ▁National ▁Council ▁passes ▁a ▁vote ▁of ▁no ▁confidence ▁in ▁the ▁government . ▁In ▁such ▁a ▁case , ▁many ▁executive ▁powers ▁of ▁government ▁( e . g . ▁appointment ▁of ▁officials , ▁foreign ▁tri ps , ▁signing ▁tre ates ) ▁are ▁subject ▁to ▁the ▁appro val ▁of ▁the ▁president . ▁ ▁Su cc ession ▁In ▁the ▁case ▁when ▁the ▁president ▁is ▁unable ▁to ▁perform ▁his / her ▁duties ▁or ▁if ▁the ▁presiden cy ▁becomes ▁vac ant ▁for ▁any ▁reason , ▁the ▁speaker ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Council ▁and ▁the ▁Government ▁led ▁by ▁the ▁prime ▁minister ▁joint ly ▁perform ▁the ▁duties ▁of ▁the ▁president . ▁ ▁Pres idents ▁of ▁the ▁Slov ak ▁Republic ▁Part ies ▁ ▁Act ing ▁pres idents ▁ ▁Lat est ▁election ▁ ▁Living ▁former ▁pres idents ▁There ▁are ▁three ▁living ▁former ▁Slov ak ▁pres idents : ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁Pres idents ▁of ▁Czech oslov ak ia ▁List ▁of ▁Prime
▁Minister s ▁of ▁Slov ak ia ▁List ▁of ▁leaders ▁of ▁Slov ak ▁parliament s ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁history ▁of ▁Slov ak ia ▁Slov ak ia ▁▁ ▁Category : G overn ment ▁of ▁Slov ak ia ▁Pres idents ▁Category : 1 9 9 3 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Slov ak ia <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁B auer ▁A part ments ▁are ▁a ▁historic ▁a partment ▁building ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁C inc inn ati , ▁Ohio , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Loc ated ▁along ▁Mad ison ▁Road ▁on ▁the ▁city ' s ▁eastern ▁side , ▁it ▁is ▁a ▁brick ▁building ▁with ▁elements ▁of ▁sand stone ▁and ▁metal . ▁ ▁The ▁B auer ▁has ▁been ▁r ated ▁as ▁an ▁exception ally ▁well - pres erved ▁example ▁of ▁the ▁Queen ▁Anne ▁style ▁of ▁architecture . ▁ ▁Among ▁the ▁most ▁significant ▁elements ▁of ▁its ▁architecture ▁are ▁details ▁such ▁as ▁a ▁bra cket ed ▁cor nice , ▁some ▁courses ▁with ▁cor b elling , ▁and ▁a ▁bel t ▁of ▁sand stone , ▁plus ▁larger ▁elements ▁such ▁as ▁significant ▁rect angular ▁pan els ▁on ▁the ▁fac ade ▁and ▁massive ▁bay ▁windows . ▁ ▁Inside , ▁many ▁original ▁details ▁have ▁surv ived ▁to ▁the ▁present ▁day , ▁such ▁as ▁elaborate ▁bal ust ers ▁in ▁the ▁h alls , ▁the ▁w ain sc oting ▁on ▁the ▁corners ▁of ▁the ▁rooms , ▁and ▁the ▁plain ▁fire place ▁mant els . ▁ ▁From ▁their ▁construction ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁the ▁apart
ments ▁were ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁family ▁of ▁Ul rick ▁B auer , ▁a ▁local ▁gre eng ro cer . ▁ ▁Both ▁histor ically ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁present , ▁they ▁have ▁been ▁used ▁both ▁for ▁resident ial ▁purposes ▁and ▁as ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁a ▁special ty ▁store . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁the ▁B auer ▁A part ments ▁were ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places , ▁due ▁to ▁their ▁well - pres erved ▁historic ▁architecture . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Res ident ial ▁buildings ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁Category : A partment ▁buildings ▁in ▁C inc inn ati ▁Category : Que en ▁Anne ▁architecture ▁in ▁Ohio ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁C inc inn ati <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁D art mouth ▁Big ▁Green ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁team ▁represented ▁D art mouth ▁College ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁season . ▁The ▁Big ▁Green , ▁led ▁by ▁first - year ▁head ▁coach ▁David ▁Mc L augh lin , ▁played ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁at ▁Le ede ▁Arena ▁in ▁Han over , ▁New ▁Ham pshire ▁and ▁were ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁I vy ▁League . ▁They ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁ 7 – 2 0 , ▁ 4 – 1 0 ▁in ▁I vy ▁League ▁play ▁to ▁finish ▁in ▁a ▁three - way ▁tie ▁for ▁last ▁place . ▁They ▁failed ▁to ▁qual ify ▁for ▁the ▁inaug
ural ▁I vy ▁League ▁Tournament . ▁ ▁Pre vious ▁season ▁The ▁Big ▁Green ▁finished ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁season ▁with ▁a ▁ 1 0 – 1 8 ▁record ▁overall ▁and ▁ 4 – 1 0 ▁in ▁the ▁conference . ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁head ▁coach ▁Paul ▁C orm ier ▁was ▁fired . ▁He ▁finished ▁at ▁D art mouth ▁with ▁a ▁six - year ▁record ▁of ▁ 5 4 – 1 1 6 . ▁On ▁April ▁ 2 5 , ▁the ▁school ▁h ired ▁David ▁Mc L augh lin ▁as ▁head ▁coach . ▁ ▁Off season ▁ ▁Depart ures ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁rec ruit ing ▁class ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁rec ruit ing ▁class ▁ ▁R oster ▁ ▁} ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁and ▁results ▁ ▁\| - ▁! col span = 9 ▁style = \| ▁Non - con ference ▁regular ▁season ▁ ▁\| - ▁! col span = 9 ▁style = \| ▁I vy ▁League ▁regular ▁season ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : D art mouth ▁Big ▁Green ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁seasons ▁D art mouth ▁D art ▁D art <0x0A> </s> ▁Walter ▁James ▁Ed y ve an ▁( Oct ober ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁– ▁February ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 ) ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁pre late ▁of ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁retired ▁auxili ary ▁bishop ▁of ▁the ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Boston ▁who ▁served
▁from ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁career ▁Bishop ▁Ed y ve an ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Med ford , ▁Massachusetts , ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 , ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁child ▁of ▁Walter ▁and ▁Frances ▁Ed y ve an . ▁ ▁He ▁attended ▁local ▁public ▁schools ▁and ▁graduated ▁from ▁high ▁school ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁ ▁Ed y ve an ▁attended ▁Boston ▁College , ▁obtain ing ▁a ▁b ach elor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁English ▁literature ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁He ▁studied ▁at ▁St . ▁John ' s ▁Sem inary ▁before ▁further ing ▁his ▁studies ▁in ▁Rome ▁at ▁the ▁Pont ific al ▁North ▁American ▁College ▁and ▁Pont ific al ▁Greg or ian ▁University , ▁there ▁ear ning ▁a ▁b ac cala ure ate ▁( 1 9 6 3 ) ▁and ▁lic enti ate ▁in ▁the ology ▁( 1 9 6 5 ). ▁While ▁in ▁Rome , ▁Ed y ve an ▁was ▁ord ained ▁to ▁the ▁priest hood ▁by ▁Bishop ▁Francis ▁Re h ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁an ▁assistant ▁past or ▁at ▁St . ▁Joseph ▁Church ▁in ▁I ps wich , ▁Massachusetts ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁and ▁earned ▁a ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁the ology ▁after ▁further ▁studies ▁in ▁Rome ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 1
. ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁fac ulty ▁member ▁of ▁St . ▁John ' s ▁Sem inary ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁▁▁ ▁Ed y ve an ▁initially ▁taught ▁dog m atic ▁the ology ▁before ▁moving ▁into ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁sacr amental ▁the ology ▁as ▁an ▁ordinary ▁professor . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁Rome ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁cap o ▁u ffic io ▁of ▁the ▁Cong reg ation ▁for ▁Catholic ▁Education ▁in ▁the ▁Roman ▁Cur ia . ▁ ▁Ed y ve an ' s ▁role ▁was ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁Catholic ▁colleg es ▁and ▁univers ities ▁across ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁Bishop ▁ ▁On ▁June ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁Ed y ve an ▁was ▁appointed ▁A ux ili ary ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Boston ▁and ▁Tit ular ▁Bishop ▁of ▁A elia e ▁by ▁Pope ▁John ▁Paul ▁II . ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁former ▁students , ▁Richard ▁G . ▁L enn on . ▁ ▁Ed y ve an ▁received ▁his ▁epis cop al ▁consec r ation ▁on ▁the ▁following ▁September ▁ 1 4 ▁at ▁the ▁C athedral ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Cross , ▁Boston ▁from ▁Bernard ▁Card inal ▁Law , ▁with ▁B ish ops ▁Lawrence ▁R iley ▁and ▁William ▁Mur phy ▁serving ▁as ▁co - con sec rat ors . ▁As ▁an ▁auxili ary ▁bishop , ▁he ▁served ▁as ▁Regional ▁Bishop ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁Past oral ▁Region ▁and ▁vic ar ▁general ▁of ▁the ▁Arch di oc ese . ▁ ▁Th
ir teen ▁years ▁to ▁the ▁day ▁after ▁his ▁appointment ▁( J une ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ), ▁Pope ▁Francis ▁accepted ▁his ▁ret irement ▁as ▁A ux ili ary ▁Bishop ▁in ▁the ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Boston . ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁hierarchy ▁ ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Historical ▁list ▁of ▁the ▁Catholic ▁b ish ops ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Catholic ▁b ish ops ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁List s ▁of ▁patri arch s , ▁arch b ish ops , ▁and ▁b ish ops ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Boston ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Med ford , ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : American ▁tit ular ▁b ish ops ▁Category : P ont ific al ▁Greg or ian ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : B oston ▁College ▁al umn i ▁Category : Saint ▁John ' s ▁Sem inary ▁( M ass achusetts ) ▁al umn i ▁Category : P ont ific al ▁North ▁American ▁College ▁al umn i ▁Category : R oman ▁Catholic ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Boston ▁Category : Rel ig ious ▁leaders ▁from ▁Massachusetts ▁Category : C athol ics ▁from ▁Massachusetts <0x0A> </s> ▁W ain i ha ▁is ▁a ▁land ▁section ▁in ▁the ▁Han ale i ▁district ▁of ▁northern ▁K au

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