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0 0 1 , ▁died ▁in ▁W inst on - S alem ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁One ▁of ▁Pro s ser ' s ▁assistant ▁coach es , ▁D ino ▁Ga udio , ▁was ▁named ▁to ▁replace ▁him . ▁After ▁the ▁firing ▁of ▁D ino ▁Gu ad io ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁season , ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁h ired ▁Jeff ▁B z del ik ▁as ▁their ▁head ▁basketball ▁coach . ▁ ▁Jeff ▁B z del ik ▁res igned ▁as ▁head ▁basketball ▁coach ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁D anny ▁Mann ing ▁is ▁now ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁W ake ▁Forest . ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁basketball ▁ ▁The ▁women ' s ▁team ▁have ▁played ▁since ▁ 1 9 7 1 , ▁and ▁they ▁have ▁been ▁to ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Tournament ▁just ▁once , ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁where ▁they ▁lost ▁to ▁Tennessee ▁ 9 4 - 6 6 . ▁They ▁have ▁reached ▁the ▁A CC ▁Tournament ▁semif inals ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁field ▁hockey ▁Rec ent ▁athlet ic ▁hon ors ▁include ▁three ▁consecutive ▁NCAA ▁Field ▁Hockey ▁national ▁champion ships ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁under ▁Head ▁Co ach ▁Jenn ifer ▁A ver ill . ▁In ▁ 2 |
0 0 5 , ▁the ▁De acs ▁were ▁defeated ▁in ▁the ▁semif inal ▁round ▁by ▁Duke ▁University , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁championship ▁game ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Maryland . ▁Other ▁champion ships ▁include ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁A CC ▁Tournament ▁champion ships . ▁ ▁G olf ▁ ▁The ▁men ' s ▁golf ▁team ▁has ▁had ▁several ▁successful ▁years , ▁winning ▁national ▁champion ships ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁The ▁team ▁also ▁finished ▁as ▁national ▁runner - ups ▁on ▁four ▁other ▁occasions ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁Three ▁Dem on ▁De a cons ▁have ▁won ▁the ▁individual ▁national ▁title : ▁Curt is ▁Str ange ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁Jay ▁Ha as ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁and ▁Gary ▁Hall berg ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁Since ▁the ▁NCAA ▁went ▁to ▁pre - n ational ▁championship ▁regional ▁compet itions ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁has ▁won ▁three ▁region als : ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁( E ast ), ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁( E ast ), ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁( Cent ral ). ▁ ▁They ▁have ▁won |
▁ 1 9 ▁conference ▁champion ships : ▁Southern ▁Conference ▁( 1 ): ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁Atlantic ▁Coast ▁Conference ▁( 1 8 ): ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 7 – 5 8 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁ 1 9 6 7 – 7 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 8 – 8 0 , ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁ ▁The ▁women ' s ▁golf ▁team ▁has ▁had ▁some ▁success ▁as ▁well . ▁They ▁won ▁ 5 ▁A CC ▁team ▁champion ships ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁They ▁had ▁also ▁won ▁ 7 ▁A CC ▁individual ▁champion ships ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁In ▁the ▁NCAA ▁region als , ▁they ▁had ▁won ▁their ▁region ▁twice , ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁( E ast ) ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁( E ast ). ▁Jenn ifer ▁K up cho ▁won ▁the ▁individual ▁national ▁title ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁and ▁the ▁August a ▁National ▁Women ' s ▁Am ateur ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Several ▁well - known ▁players ▁include ▁Arnold ▁Pal mer |
, ▁L anny ▁W ad kins , ▁Jay ▁Ha as , ▁Billy ▁And rade , ▁Bill ▁Ha as , ▁Curt is ▁Str ange , ▁Robert ▁W ren n , ▁Scott ▁Hoch , ▁Web b ▁Sim pson , ▁and ▁Che y enne ▁Wood s . ▁ ▁Soccer ▁ ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁is ▁a ▁consistent ▁national ▁title ▁cont ender ▁in ▁men ' s ▁s occer . ▁In ▁recent ▁years ▁several ▁players ▁from ▁the ▁program ▁have ▁played ▁profession ally ▁in ▁Major ▁League ▁Soccer , ▁including ▁Brian ▁Car roll , ▁Will ▁H es mer , ▁Brian ▁Edwards , ▁Michael ▁L ah oud , ▁Michael ▁Park h urst , ▁James ▁R iley , ▁Scott ▁Se aly , ▁Sam ▁C ron in , ▁and ▁Well s ▁Thompson . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁the ▁team ▁advanced ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁four ▁of ▁the ▁NCAA ▁tournament ▁where ▁they ▁were ▁defeated ▁in ▁a ▁penalty ▁kick ▁shoot out ▁by ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁Santa ▁Barbara . ▁They ▁captured ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁Men ' s ▁Soccer ▁Championship ▁defe ating ▁Ohio ▁State . ▁ ▁Tennis ▁ ▁No ah ▁Rub in ▁played ▁for ▁W ake ▁Forest ; ▁he ▁had ▁won ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁boys ▁singles ▁championship ▁at ▁W im ble don , ▁and ▁the ▁US ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁boys ' ▁national ▁champion ships ▁in ▁singles ▁and ▁doubles . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 - 1 5 ▁for ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁he ▁was ▁an ▁All - American ▁and ▁the ▁runner - up ▁in |
▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁NCAA ▁singles ▁championship . ▁ ▁The ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁Men ' s ▁Tennis ▁team ▁won ▁the ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁Team ▁National ▁Championship ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁be ating ▁runner - up ▁Ohio ▁State ▁ 4 - 2 ▁at ▁the ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁Tennis ▁Complex . ▁W ake ▁also ▁won ▁the ▁I TA ▁Division ▁I ▁National ▁Men ' s ▁Team ▁Ind oor ▁Tennis ▁Championship ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁vol ley ball ▁Women ' s ▁vol ley ball ▁is ▁a ▁vars ity ▁sport ▁at ▁W ake ▁Forest . ▁The ▁team ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Coast ▁Conference ▁( AC C ). ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁head ▁vol ley ball ▁coach ▁Bill ▁Fer g us on ▁was ▁ind icted ▁and ▁charged ▁with ▁ra ck ete ering ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁college ▁adm issions ▁b ri ber y ▁sc andal , ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁is ▁accused ▁of ▁accepting ▁$ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁help ▁a ▁student ▁get ▁into ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁il leg ally ▁as ▁a ▁pur port ed ▁vol ley ball ▁rec ruit . ▁The ▁university ▁placed ▁Fer g us on ▁on ▁administrative ▁leave . ▁ ▁Baseball ▁ ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁won ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁College ▁World ▁Series ▁in ▁baseball . ▁Starting ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁they ▁will ▁be ▁playing ▁on ▁Er nie ▁Sh ore ▁Field , ▁in ▁W inst on - |
S alem . ▁ ▁Championships ▁ ▁NCAA ▁team ▁champion ships ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁has ▁won ▁ 9 ▁NCAA ▁team ▁national ▁champion ships . ▁ ▁Men ' s ▁( 6 ) ▁Baseball ▁( 1 ): ▁▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁G olf ▁( 3 ): ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁Soccer ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Tennis ▁( 1 ): ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Women ' s ▁( 3 ) ▁Field ▁Hockey ▁ ▁( 3 ): ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁see ▁also : ▁A CC ▁NCAA ▁team ▁champion ships ▁List ▁of ▁NCAA ▁schools ▁with ▁the ▁most ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁I ▁champion ships ▁ ▁NCAA ▁individual ▁champion ships ▁Men ' s ▁G olf ▁( 3 ): ▁Curt is ▁Str ange ▁( 1 9 7 4 ), ▁Jay ▁Ha as ▁( 1 9 7 5 ), ▁Gary ▁Hall berg ▁( 1 9 7 9 ) ▁Out door ▁track ▁& ▁field ▁( 2 ): ▁Andy ▁Blo om ▁( 1 9 9 6 ▁shot ▁put ▁& ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁disc us ▁throw ) ▁Ind oor ▁track ▁& ▁field ▁( 1 ): ▁Michael ▁B ingham ▁( 2 0 0 9 ▁ 4 0 0 m ) ▁Tennis ▁( 1 ): ▁Pet ros ▁Ch ry so chos ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁Women ' s ▁Tennis ▁( 1 ): ▁Be a ▁B iel ik ▁( 2 0 0 2 |
) ▁Out door ▁track ▁& ▁field ▁( 1 ): ▁Mich elle ▁S ikes ▁( 2 0 0 7 ▁ 5 0 0 0 m ) ▁G olf ▁( 1 ): ▁Jenn ifer ▁K up cho ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Notable ▁non ▁vars ity ▁sports ▁ ▁Rugby ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁plays ▁Division ▁ 1 ▁college ▁rugby ▁in ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁Coast ▁Rugby ▁League ▁against ▁its ▁traditional ▁A CC ▁riv als . ▁▁ ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁finished ▁the ▁spring ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season ▁fourth ▁in ▁the ▁conference ▁with ▁a ▁ 4 - 3 ▁conference ▁record . ▁W ake ▁rapidly ▁asc ended ▁through ▁the ▁Division ▁III ▁and ▁Division ▁II ▁ranks ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁W ake ▁rugby ▁has ▁been ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁Rugby ▁Foundation ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁which ▁funds ▁a ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁team ' s ▁exp enses ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁scholar ships ▁for ▁players . ▁Patrick ▁K ane ▁was ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁men ' s ▁rugby ▁team ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁K ane ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁commission er ▁of ▁the ▁AC RL ▁since ▁its ▁found ing ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁and ▁on ▁USA ▁Rugby ' s ▁men ' s ▁colleg iate ▁competition ▁committee . ▁ ▁S cre amin ' ▁Dem ons ▁Student ▁attend ance ▁of ▁W ake ▁Forest ▁football ▁and ▁basketball ▁games ▁was ▁formerly ▁high , ▁in ▁part ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁program ▁known ▁as |
▁" S cre amin ' ▁Dem ons ". ▁At ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁each ▁respective ▁athlet ic ▁season ▁students ▁on ▁the ▁Reyn old a ▁Camp us ▁can ▁sign ▁up ▁for ▁the ▁program ▁where by ▁they ▁pay ▁$ 1 5 ▁for ▁each ▁season ; ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁slightly ▁better ▁seats ▁than ▁the ▁other ▁students ▁in ▁football ▁( not ▁enfor ced ) ▁and ▁seats ▁behind ▁the ▁rim ▁in ▁basketball , ▁this ▁gets ▁students ▁a ▁football ▁sh irt ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁and ▁a ▁tie - d ye ▁T - sh irt ▁in ▁the ▁spring ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁card ▁that ▁serves ▁as ▁an ▁automatic ▁pass ▁to ▁the ▁sport ing ▁events . ▁They ▁lose ▁this ▁privile ge ▁if ▁they ▁miss ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁games . ▁Most ▁students ▁sign ▁up ▁because ▁ticket ▁distribution ▁to ▁non - S cre amin ' ▁Dem ons ▁is ▁un re li able . ▁ ▁Through ▁the ▁planning ▁of ▁Sports ▁Mark eting ▁and ▁the ▁S cre amin ' ▁Dem ons ▁program , ▁basketball ▁game ▁seats ▁in ▁the ▁students ▁section ▁are ▁difficult ▁to ▁att ain ▁without ▁particip ating ▁in ▁the ▁S cre amin ' ▁Dem ons ▁program . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁sports ▁market ing ▁lower ed ▁the ▁student ▁all ot ment , ▁and ▁very ▁few ▁students ▁currently ▁attend . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁* <0x0A> </s> ▁C ars ley ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁People ▁with ▁the ▁surname ▁George ▁H . ▁C ars ley ▁( 1 8 7 0 - 1 9 3 3 ), ▁American ▁architect ▁Lee ▁C |
ars ley ▁( 1 9 7 4 ), ▁English ▁football ▁player ▁ ▁Location ▁C ars ley , ▁Virginia , ▁U . S . <0x0A> </s> ▁T ud or ▁Neg ru ▁is ▁a ▁Mold ovan ▁politician . ▁ ▁Biography ▁▁ ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Mold ova ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Democratic ▁Forum ▁of ▁Roman ians ▁in ▁Mold ova . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁C ine ▁au ▁fost ▁ ş i ▁ce ▁fac ▁deput a ţ ii ▁prim ului ▁Parlament ▁din ▁R . ▁Mold ova ▁( 1 9 9 0 - 1 9 9 4 )? ▁ ▁Dec l ara ţ ia ▁deput a ţ ilor ▁din ▁prim ul ▁Parlament ▁ ▁Site - ul ▁Parlament ului ▁Republic ii ▁Mold ova ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M old ovan ▁MP s ▁ 1 9 9 0 – 1 9 9 4 ▁Category : Pop ular ▁Front ▁of ▁Mold ova ▁polit icians ▁Category : Pop ular ▁Front ▁of ▁Mold ova ▁MP s ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Food ▁extr usion ▁is ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁extr usion ▁used ▁in ▁food ▁processing . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁process ▁by ▁which ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁mixed ▁ing red ients ▁are ▁forced ▁through ▁an ▁opening ▁in ▁a ▁per for ated ▁plate ▁or ▁die ▁with ▁a ▁design ▁specific ▁to ▁the ▁food , ▁and ▁are ▁then ▁cut ▁into ▁a ▁specific ▁size ▁by ▁bl ades . ▁The ▁machine ▁which ▁forces ▁the ▁mix ▁through ▁the ▁die ▁is ▁an ▁extr uder |
, ▁and ▁the ▁mix ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁extr ud ate . ▁The ▁extr uder ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁large , ▁rot ating ▁sc rew ▁tight ly ▁fitting ▁within ▁a ▁station ary ▁bar rel , ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁die . ▁ ▁Ext r usion ▁enables ▁mass ▁production ▁of ▁food ▁via ▁a ▁continuous , ▁efficient ▁system ▁that ▁ens ures ▁uniform ity ▁of ▁the ▁final ▁product . ▁Food ▁products ▁manufact ured ▁using ▁extr usion ▁usually ▁have ▁a ▁high ▁st arch ▁content . ▁These ▁include ▁some ▁past a , ▁bread s ▁( cr out ons , ▁bread ▁st icks , ▁and ▁flat ▁bread s ), ▁many ▁breakfast ▁c ere als ▁and ▁ready - to - e at ▁sn acks , ▁con fection ery , ▁pre - made ▁cookie ▁d ough , ▁some ▁baby ▁food s , ▁full - f at ▁so y , ▁text ured ▁veget able ▁protein , ▁some ▁be ver ages , ▁and ▁dry ▁and ▁semi - mo ist ▁pet ▁food s . ▁ ▁Process ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁extr usion ▁process , ▁raw ▁materials ▁are ▁first ▁ground ▁to ▁the ▁correct ▁particle ▁size , ▁usually ▁the ▁consist ency ▁of ▁co arse ▁fl our . ▁The ▁dry ▁mix ▁is ▁passed ▁through ▁a ▁pre - condition er , ▁in ▁which ▁other ▁ing red ients ▁are ▁added ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁target ▁product ; ▁these ▁may ▁be ▁liquid ▁sugar , ▁f ats , ▁d yes , ▁me ats ▁or ▁water . ▁Ste am ▁is ▁inject ed ▁to ▁start ▁the ▁cook ing ▁process , ▁and ▁the ▁pre |
condition ed ▁mix ▁( ext r ud ate ) ▁is ▁then ▁passed ▁through ▁an ▁extr uder . ▁The ▁extr uder ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁large , ▁rot ating ▁sc rew ▁tight ly ▁fitting ▁within ▁a ▁station ary ▁bar rel , ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁die . ▁The ▁extr uder ' s ▁rot ating ▁sc rew ▁forces ▁the ▁extr ud ate ▁toward ▁the ▁die , ▁through ▁which ▁it ▁then ▁passes . ▁The ▁amount ▁of ▁time ▁the ▁extr ud ate ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁extr uder ▁is ▁the ▁residence ▁time . ▁ ▁The ▁extr ud ed ▁product ▁usually ▁pu ff s ▁and ▁changes ▁texture ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁extr ud ed ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁reduction ▁of ▁forces ▁and ▁release ▁of ▁mo ist ure ▁and ▁heat . ▁The ▁extent ▁to ▁which ▁it ▁does ▁so ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁expansion ▁ratio . ▁The ▁extr ud ate ▁is ▁cut ▁to ▁the ▁desired ▁length ▁by ▁bl ades ▁at ▁the ▁output ▁of ▁the ▁extr uder , ▁which ▁rotate ▁about ▁the ▁die ▁open ings ▁at ▁a ▁specific ▁speed . ▁The ▁product ▁is ▁then ▁co o led ▁and ▁d ried , ▁becoming ▁rig id ▁while ▁maintain ing ▁por os ity . ▁ ▁The ▁cook ing ▁process ▁takes ▁place ▁within ▁the ▁extr uder ▁where ▁the ▁product ▁produces ▁its ▁own ▁fr iction ▁and ▁heat ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁pressure ▁generated ▁( 1 0 – 2 0 bar ). ▁The ▁process ▁can ▁indu ce ▁both ▁protein ▁den atur ation ▁and ▁st arch ▁gel atin ization ▁under ▁some ▁conditions . ▁ ▁Many ▁food ▁extr usion ▁processes |
▁involve ▁a ▁high ▁temperature ▁over ▁a ▁short ▁time . ▁Import ant ▁factors ▁of ▁the ▁extr usion ▁process ▁are ▁the ▁composition ▁of ▁the ▁extr ud ate , ▁sc rew ▁length ▁and ▁rot ating ▁speed , ▁bar rel ▁temperature ▁and ▁mo ist ure , ▁die ▁shape , ▁and ▁rot ating ▁speed ▁of ▁the ▁bl ades . ▁These ▁are ▁controlled ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁desired ▁product ▁to ▁ensure ▁uniform ity ▁of ▁the ▁output . ▁ ▁Mo ist ure ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁important ▁of ▁these ▁factors , ▁and ▁affect s ▁the ▁mix ▁vis cos ity , ▁acting ▁to ▁pl astic ize ▁the ▁extr ud ate . ▁In cre asing ▁mo ist ure ▁will ▁decrease ▁vis cos ity , ▁tor que , ▁and ▁product ▁temperature , ▁and ▁increase ▁bulk ▁density . ▁This ▁will ▁also ▁reduce ▁the ▁pressure ▁at ▁the ▁die . ▁Most ▁extr usion ▁processes ▁for ▁food ▁processing ▁maintain ▁a ▁mo ist ure ▁level ▁below ▁ 4 0 %, ▁that ▁is ▁low ▁to ▁intermediate ▁mo ist ure . ▁High - mo ist ure ▁extr usion ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁wet ▁extr usion , ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁used ▁much ▁before ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁tw in ▁sc rew ▁extr ud ers ▁( T SE ), ▁which ▁have ▁a ▁more ▁efficient ▁con ve ying ▁cap ability . ▁The ▁most ▁important ▁r he ological ▁factor ▁in ▁the ▁wet ▁extr usion ▁of ▁high - st arch ▁extr ud ate ▁is ▁temperature . ▁ ▁The ▁amount ▁of ▁salt ▁in ▁the ▁extr ud ate ▁may ▁determine ▁the ▁colour ▁and ▁texture ▁of ▁some ▁extr ud ed ▁products |
. ▁The ▁expansion ▁ratio ▁and ▁air iness ▁of ▁the ▁product ▁depend ▁on ▁the ▁salt ▁concentration ▁in ▁the ▁extr ud ate , ▁possibly ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁a ▁chemical ▁reaction ▁between ▁the ▁salt ▁and ▁the ▁st arch es ▁in ▁the ▁extr ud ate . ▁Col our ▁changes ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁salt ▁concentration ▁may ▁be ▁caused ▁by ▁" the ▁ability ▁of ▁salt ▁to ▁change ▁the ▁water ▁activity ▁of ▁the ▁extr ud ate ▁and ▁thus ▁change ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁brow ning ▁re actions ". ▁Salt ▁is ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁dist ribute ▁minor ▁ing red ients , ▁such ▁as ▁food ▁colours ▁and ▁flav ours , ▁after ▁extr usion ; ▁these ▁are ▁more ▁even ly ▁distributed ▁over ▁the ▁product ' s ▁surface ▁after ▁being ▁mixed ▁with ▁salt . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁extr uder ▁was ▁designed ▁to ▁manufact ure ▁sa us ages ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 7 0 s . ▁Pack aged ▁dry ▁past a ▁and ▁breakfast ▁c ere als ▁have ▁been ▁produced ▁via ▁extr usion ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s , ▁and ▁the ▁method ▁was ▁applied ▁to ▁pet ▁food ▁production ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁( first ▁extr ud ed ▁dog ▁food ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁- ▁Pur ina ▁Dog ▁Ch ow ▁and ▁first ▁extr ud ed ▁cat ▁food ▁- ▁Pur ina ▁F ris k ies ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 ). ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁incorpor ated ▁into ▁kitchen ▁app li ances , ▁such ▁as ▁meat ▁gr ind ers , ▁her b ▁gr ind |
ers , ▁coffee ▁gr ind ers , ▁and ▁some ▁types ▁of ▁past a ▁mak ers . ▁A ▁similar ▁functional ▁process ▁occurs ▁when ▁using ▁pas try ▁b ags . ▁ ▁Effect s ▁Ext r usion ▁enables ▁mass ▁production ▁of ▁food ▁via ▁a ▁continuous , ▁efficient ▁system ▁that ▁ens ures ▁uniform ity ▁of ▁the ▁final ▁product . ▁This ▁is ▁achieved ▁by ▁cont rolling ▁various ▁aspects ▁of ▁the ▁extr usion ▁process . ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁enabled ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁new ▁processed ▁food ▁products ▁and ▁" re volution ized ▁many ▁conventional ▁sn ack ▁manufact uring ▁processes ". ▁The ▁extr usion ▁process ▁results ▁in ▁" chem ical ▁re actions ▁that ▁occur ▁within ▁the ▁extr uder ▁bar rel ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁die ". ▁Ext r usion ▁has ▁the ▁following ▁effects : ▁ ▁Dest ruction ▁of ▁certain ▁naturally ▁occurr ing ▁to x ins ▁ ▁Red u ction ▁of ▁micro organ isms ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁product ▁ ▁S light ▁increase ▁of ▁iron - bio av ail ability ▁ ▁Cre ation ▁of ▁ins ul in - des ens it izing ▁st arch es ▁( a ▁potential ▁risk - factor ▁for ▁developing ▁di ab etes ) ▁ ▁L oss ▁of ▁l ys ine , ▁an ▁essential ▁am ino ▁acid ▁necessary ▁for ▁development al ▁growth ▁and ▁nit ro gen ▁management ▁ ▁Sim pl ification ▁of ▁complex ▁st arch es , ▁increasing ▁rates ▁of ▁to oth ▁decay ▁ ▁In cre ase ▁of ▁g ly cem ic ▁index ▁of ▁the ▁processed ▁food , ▁as ▁the ▁" ext r usion ▁process ▁significantly ▁increased ▁the ▁avail ability ▁of |
▁car bo h yd r ates ▁for ▁dig estion " ▁ ▁Dest ruction ▁of ▁Vit amin ▁A ▁( beta - car ot ene ) ▁ ▁Den atur ation ▁of ▁prote ins . ▁ ▁The ▁material ▁of ▁which ▁an ▁extr usion ▁die ▁is ▁made ▁can ▁affect ▁the ▁final ▁product . ▁Comp ared ▁to ▁st ain less ▁steel ▁dies , ▁a ▁past a ▁machine ▁with ▁bronze ▁dies ▁produces ▁a ▁rough er ▁surface . ▁This ▁is ▁considered ▁to ▁give ▁an ▁improved ▁taste , ▁as ▁it ▁better ▁retain s ▁past a ▁sau ces . ▁" B ron ze ▁die " ▁past a ▁is ▁label led ▁as ▁such ▁on ▁ret ail ▁packages , ▁to ▁indicate ▁a ▁prem ium ▁product . ▁ ▁The ▁effects ▁of ▁" ext r usion ▁cook ing ▁on ▁nut r itional ▁quality ▁are ▁ambigu ous ", ▁as ▁extr usion ▁may ▁change ▁car bo h yd r ates , ▁di et ary ▁fib re , ▁the ▁protein ▁and ▁am ino ▁acid ▁profile , ▁vit am ins , ▁and ▁min eral ▁content ▁of ▁the ▁extr ud ate ▁in ▁a ▁manner ▁that ▁is ▁benef icial ▁or ▁harm ful . ▁ ▁High - temper ature ▁extr usion ▁for ▁a ▁short ▁duration ▁" min im izes ▁losses ▁in ▁vit am ins ▁and ▁am ino ▁ac ids ". ▁Ext r usion ▁enables ▁mass ▁production ▁of ▁some ▁food , ▁and ▁will ▁" den ature ▁ant in ut r itional ▁factors ", ▁such ▁as ▁destroy ing ▁to x ins ▁or ▁killing ▁micro organ isms . ▁It ▁may ▁also ▁improve ▁" prote in ▁quality |
▁and ▁dig est ibility ", ▁and ▁affect s ▁the ▁product ' s ▁shape , ▁texture , ▁colour , ▁and ▁flav our . ▁ ▁It ▁may ▁also ▁cause ▁the ▁fragment ation ▁of ▁prote ins , ▁st arch es , ▁and ▁non - st arch ▁pol ys ac char ides ▁to ▁create ▁" re active ▁mole cules ▁that ▁may ▁form ▁new ▁link ages ▁not ▁found ▁in ▁nature ". ▁This ▁includes ▁Ma ill ard ▁re actions ▁which ▁reduce ▁the ▁nut r itional ▁value ▁of ▁the ▁prote ins . ▁Vit am ins ▁with ▁heat ▁l ability ▁may ▁be ▁destroyed . ▁, ▁little ▁is ▁known ▁about ▁the ▁stability ▁or ▁bio av ail ability ▁of ▁ph y to chem ical s ▁involved ▁in ▁extr usion . ▁N ut r itional ▁quality ▁has ▁been ▁found ▁to ▁improve ▁with ▁moder ate ▁conditions ▁( short ▁duration , ▁high ▁mo ist ure , ▁low ▁temperature ), ▁whereas ▁a ▁negative ▁effect ▁on ▁nut r itional ▁quality ▁of ▁the ▁extr ud ate ▁occurs ▁with ▁a ▁high ▁temperature ▁( at ▁least ▁ 2 0 0 ° C ), ▁low ▁mo ist ure ▁( less ▁than ▁ 1 5 % ), ▁or ▁impro per ▁components ▁in ▁the ▁mix . ▁ ▁A ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁research ▁paper ▁indicates ▁that ▁use ▁of ▁non - trad itional ▁c ere al ▁fl ours , ▁such ▁as ▁am ar anth , ▁bu ck w he at ▁or ▁mil let , ▁may ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁reduce ▁the ▁g ly cem ic ▁index ▁of ▁breakfast ▁c ere als ▁produced ▁by ▁extr |
usion . ▁The ▁extr ud ate ▁using ▁these ▁c ere al ▁fl ours ▁exhib its ▁a ▁higher ▁bulk ▁and ▁product ▁density , ▁had ▁a ▁similar ▁expansion ▁ratio , ▁and ▁had ▁" a ▁significant ▁reduction ▁in ▁readily ▁dig est ible ▁car bo h yd r ates ▁and ▁slowly ▁dig est ible ▁car bo h yd r ates ". ▁A ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁paper ▁states ▁that ▁replacing ▁ 5 % ▁to ▁ 1 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁whe at ▁fl our ▁and ▁white ▁fl our ▁with ▁di et ary ▁fib re ▁in ▁the ▁extr ud ate ▁breakfast ▁c ere al ▁mix ▁significantly ▁reduces ▁" the ▁rate ▁and ▁extent ▁of ▁car bo h yd rate ▁hydro ly s is ▁of ▁the ▁extr ud ed ▁products ", ▁which ▁increased ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁slowly ▁dig ested ▁car bo h yd r ates ▁and ▁reduced ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁quickly ▁dig ested ▁car bo h yd r ates . ▁ ▁Product s ▁Ext r usion ▁has ▁enabled ▁the ▁production ▁of ▁new ▁processed ▁food ▁products ▁and ▁" re volution ized ▁many ▁conventional ▁sn ack ▁manufact uring ▁processes ". ▁ ▁The ▁various ▁types ▁of ▁food ▁products ▁manufact ured ▁by ▁extr usion ▁typically ▁have ▁a ▁high ▁st arch ▁content . ▁ ▁Direct ly ▁expanded ▁types ▁include ▁breakfast ▁c ere als ▁and ▁corn ▁curl s , ▁and ▁are ▁made ▁in ▁high ▁temperature , ▁low ▁mo ist ure ▁conditions ▁under ▁high ▁she ar . ▁Une xp and ed ▁products ▁include ▁past a , ▁which ▁is ▁produced ▁at ▁intermediate ▁mo ist ure ▁( about |
▁ 4 0 %) ▁and ▁low ▁temperature . ▁Text ur ized ▁products ▁include ▁meat ▁analog ues , ▁which ▁are ▁made ▁using ▁plant ▁prote ins ▁(" text ured ▁veget able ▁protein ") ▁and ▁a ▁long ▁die ▁to ▁" im part ▁a ▁f ibr ous , ▁meat - like ▁structure ▁to ▁the ▁extr ud ate ", ▁and ▁fish ▁paste . ▁Con fection ery ▁made ▁via ▁extr usion ▁includes ▁che wing ▁g um , ▁liqu or ice , ▁and ▁to ff ee . ▁ ▁Some ▁processed ▁che eses ▁and ▁che ese ▁analog ues ▁are ▁also ▁made ▁by ▁extr usion . ▁Process ed ▁che eses ▁extr ud ed ▁with ▁low ▁mo ist ure ▁and ▁temperature ▁" m ight ▁be ▁better ▁su ited ▁for ▁manufact uring ▁using ▁extr usion ▁technology " ▁than ▁those ▁at ▁high ▁mo ist ure ▁or ▁temperature . ▁Lower ▁mo ist ure ▁che eses ▁are ▁fir mer ▁and ▁che w ier , ▁and ▁ch ed dar ▁che ese ▁with ▁low ▁mo ist ure ▁and ▁an ▁extr usion ▁temperature ▁of ▁ 8 0 ° C ▁was ▁preferred ▁by ▁subjects ▁in ▁a ▁study ▁to ▁other ▁extr ud ed ▁ch ed dar ▁che ese ▁produced ▁under ▁different ▁conditions . ▁An ▁extr ud ate ▁mean ▁residence ▁time ▁of ▁about ▁ 1 0 0 ▁seconds ▁can ▁produce ▁" process ed ▁che eses ▁or ▁che ese ▁analog ues ▁of ▁varying ▁texture ▁( sp read able ▁to ▁slice able ) ". ▁ ▁Other ▁food ▁products ▁often ▁produced ▁by ▁extr usion ▁include ▁some ▁bread s ▁( cr out ons , ▁bread ▁st |
icks , ▁and ▁flat ▁bread s ), ▁various ▁ready - to - e at ▁sn acks , ▁pre - made ▁cookie ▁d ough , ▁some ▁baby ▁food s , ▁some ▁be ver ages , ▁and ▁dry ▁and ▁semi - mo ist ▁pet ▁food s . ▁Specific ▁examples ▁include ▁che ese ▁curl s , ▁mac aron i , ▁Fig ▁New tons , ▁jel ly ▁be ans , ▁seva i , ▁and ▁some ▁f rench ▁f ries . ▁Ext r usion ▁is ▁also ▁used ▁to ▁modify ▁st arch ▁and ▁to ▁pel let ▁animal ▁feed . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Flash ▁paste ur ization ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : F ood ▁industry ▁Category : Form ing ▁processes <0x0A> </s> ▁Arthur ▁Dob son ▁( 2 2 ▁February ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁– ▁ 1 7 ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 2 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁first - class ▁cr ick eter , ▁who ▁played ▁two ▁matches ▁for ▁York shire ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 9 , ▁against ▁the ▁Mary le bone ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁( M CC ) ▁and ▁Sur rey . ▁ ▁A ▁right - hand ed ▁b ats man ▁and ▁right ▁arm ▁medium ▁pac er , ▁he ▁scored ▁one ▁run ▁in ▁his ▁three ▁inn ings , ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁get ▁a ▁bow l . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Il k ley , ▁York shire , ▁England , ▁Dob son ▁died ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁in ▁H ors for th , ▁Le eds , ▁York shire . ▁ ▁References ▁ |
▁External ▁links ▁Cr icket ▁Archive ▁C ric info ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 5 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 2 ▁death s ▁Category : Y ork shire ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : English ▁cr ick eters ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Il k ley ▁Category : C rick eters ▁from ▁York shire <0x0A> </s> ▁Cal opt ilia ▁mod ica ▁is ▁a ▁moth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁G rac ill ari idae . ▁It ▁is ▁known ▁from ▁Mad agas car . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁mod ica ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁Mad agas car ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 <0x0A> </s> ▁B aba eng ▁H amp as l up a ▁( The ▁H ap less ▁Woman ; ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁soap ▁opera ▁a ired ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines ▁by ▁TV 5 ▁and ▁star red ▁Susan ▁Roc es ▁along ▁with ▁Alice ▁D ix son ▁and ▁Alex ▁Gonz aga ▁and ▁is ▁directed ▁by ▁Eric ▁Qu izon ▁and ▁Joy ce ▁Bern al . ▁ ▁The ▁times lot ▁was ▁changed ▁through ▁the ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁season ▁to ▁ 9 pm ▁the ▁original ▁time ▁the ▁series ▁was ▁normally ▁shown ▁was ▁ 8 : 3 0 pm ▁and ▁moved ▁up ▁to ▁ 9 : 0 0 - 9 : 3 0 pm ▁after ▁its ▁prim etime ▁susp ense ▁series ▁M ga ▁Nag b ab ag ang ▁Bul ak lak ▁on ▁its ▁prim etime ▁block . ▁ ▁A ▁r er un ▁of ▁B aba |
eng ▁H amp as l up a ▁started ▁air ing ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁on ▁The ▁ 5 ▁Network ▁occup ying ▁the ▁ 9 : 3 0 PM ▁to ▁ 1 1 : 3 0 PM ▁time ▁slot ▁every ▁Monday ▁to ▁Friday , ▁with ▁re plays ▁from ▁ 2 : 3 0 PM ▁to ▁ 4 : 3 0 PM , current ly ▁replace ▁En ch anted ▁Garden ▁and ▁Kid lat ▁on ▁ 2 : 3 0 PM ▁and ▁Mis ib is ▁Bay ▁on ▁ 9 : 3 0 PM ▁ ▁Story ▁B aba eng ▁H amp as l up a ▁tells ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁two ▁cl ans , ▁the ▁W ongs ▁and ▁the ▁Se es . ▁A ▁modern - day ▁fair yt ale ▁set ▁on ▁the ▁boundaries ▁between ▁the ▁Filip ino ▁and ▁Chinese ▁community . ▁ ▁Three ▁gener ations ▁of ▁women ▁tell ▁a ▁story ▁and ▁co pe ▁in ▁the ▁inner ▁strength ▁in ▁the ▁eyes ▁of ▁their ▁faith s ▁looking ▁for ▁love , ▁respect , ▁power , ▁and ▁self ▁happiness . ▁ ▁The ▁story ▁also ▁chron icles ▁on ▁lost ▁lov es ▁between ▁Hel ena ▁See ▁( S us an ▁Roc es ) ▁and ▁George ▁W ong ▁( F red die ▁Web b ) ▁and ▁the ▁powerful ▁manip ulative ▁Edward ▁W ong ▁( E dd ie ▁Gar cia ). ▁The ▁soap ▁also ▁shows ▁flash back s ▁of ▁young ▁Hel ena ▁See ▁( Sh ery l ▁Cruz ) ▁with ▁the ▁W ong ▁brothers , ▁young ▁George ▁W ong ▁( |
M ico ▁Pal an ca ) ▁and ▁young ▁Edward ▁W ong ▁( B ern ard ▁Pal an ca ). ▁ ▁The ▁powerful ▁love ▁between ▁An ast acia ▁See / D iana ▁W ong ▁( A lice ▁D ix son ) ▁and ▁Charles ▁W ong ▁( J ay ▁Man alo ) ▁and ▁the ▁v ind ict ive ▁Kat arina ▁Man ans ala ▁W ong ▁( B ing ▁Lo yz aga ), ▁Charles ' ▁manip ulative ▁wife ▁turned ▁ex ▁in ▁his ▁perspective ▁and ▁Harry ▁B aut ista ▁( W end ell ▁Ram os ), ▁the ▁new found ▁love ▁in ▁An ast acia / D iana ' s ▁life . ▁ ▁And ▁the ▁et ernal ▁love ▁between ▁Grace / El iz abeth ▁( Alex ▁Gonz aga ) ▁whose ▁life ▁et ern ally ▁unf olds ▁in ▁her ▁fate , ▁as ▁she ▁will ▁learn ▁bet ray al ▁and ▁love ▁between ▁N ato ▁( Al w yn ▁U y ting co ) ▁and ▁Andrew ▁( Martin ▁Esc ud ero ). ▁ ▁But ▁between ▁all ▁their ▁tri als ▁and ▁trib ulations ▁they ▁will ▁face , ▁who ▁will ▁they ▁truly ▁love ▁and ▁be ▁with ▁in ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁all ▁their ▁success ? ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Main ▁cast ▁Alex ▁Gonz aga ▁as ▁Grace ▁Mall ari ▁/ ▁Elizabeth ▁W ong ▁/ ▁Grace ▁Elizabeth ▁W ong ▁/ ▁Grace ▁Elizabeth ▁W ong ▁See ▁Susan ▁Roc es ▁as ▁Hel ena ▁See ▁/ ▁Hel ena ▁See ▁W ong ▁Alice ▁D ix son ▁as ▁D iana ▁W ong ▁/ ▁An ast acia ▁See ▁ ▁Support ing ▁cast ▁Fred |
die ▁Web b ▁as ▁George ▁W ong ▁Edd ie ▁Gar cia ▁as ▁Edward ▁W ong ▁Jay ▁Man alo ▁as ▁Charles ▁W ong ▁B ing ▁Lo yz aga ▁as ▁Kat arina ▁W ong ▁/ ▁Kat arina ▁Man ans ala ▁Martin ▁Esc ud ero ▁as ▁Andrew ▁See ▁Al w yn ▁U y ting co ▁as ▁Ren ato ▁" N ato " ▁Ram ire z ▁K arel ▁Mar quez ▁as ▁Steph anie ▁/ ▁Elizabeth ▁W ong ▁( im post or ) ▁Christian ▁Vas quez ▁as ▁William ▁W ong ▁Sh iel a ▁Marie ▁Rod rig uez ▁as ▁Margaret ▁W ong ▁Mar ita ▁Zob el ▁as ▁Elizabeth ▁W ong ▁( Ge orge ▁W ong ' s ▁first ▁wife ) ▁Cel so ▁Ad . ▁Cast illo ▁as ▁Master ▁M ing ▁Susan ▁Africa ▁as ▁E pi ph ania ▁" E p ang " ▁Mall ari ▁Jul io ▁Dia z ▁as ▁Tom as ▁Mall ari ▁V and olph ▁as ▁Red ent or ▁D ian ne ▁Med ina ▁as ▁Beaut y ▁Jen ny ▁Qu izon ▁as ▁Joseph ine ▁Pere z ▁Dol phy ▁Jr . ▁as ▁Manuel ▁Ram ire z ▁Anne ▁Vil leg as ▁as ▁D ora ▁Pi per ▁M ish al ucha ▁as ▁Y v onne ▁ ▁Ext ended ▁cast ▁Wend ell ▁Ram os ▁as ▁Harry ▁B aut ista ▁Eric ▁Qu izon ▁as ▁A tty . ▁Jefferson ▁Go ▁Joseph ▁Bit ang col ▁as ▁Ad rian ▁Carlos ▁Mor ales ▁as ▁J ong ▁Del os ▁Santos ▁Od ette ▁Khan ▁as ▁Ti y ang / M am eng ▁Ros em arie ▁Sar ita ▁as ▁Y |
aya ▁Emma ▁J or oss ▁Gam boa ▁as ▁Phill ip ▁Ch eng ▁April yn ▁Gust illo ▁as ▁Am anda ▁ ▁Special ▁participation ▁Sh ery l ▁Cruz ▁as ▁young ▁Hel ena ▁See ▁Bernard ▁Pal an ca ▁ ▁as ▁young ▁Edward ▁W ong ▁M ico ▁Pal an ca ▁as ▁young ▁George ▁W ong ▁John ▁U y ▁as ▁Em erson ▁W ong ▁Wend y ▁Val de z ▁as ▁Jan et ▁ ▁Char acters ▁ ▁W ong ▁family ▁Grace ▁Mall ari / El iz abeth ▁W ong / G race ▁Elizabeth ▁W ong ▁George ▁W ong ▁Edward ▁W ong ▁Charles ▁W ong ▁Kat arina ▁W ong ▁/ ▁Kat arina ▁Man ans ala ▁Steph anie ▁/ ▁Elizabeth ▁W ong ▁( im post or ) ▁William ▁W ong ▁Margaret ▁W ong ▁Elizabeth ▁W ong ▁( Ge orge ▁W ong ' s ▁first ▁wife ) ▁ ▁See ▁family ▁Hel ena ▁See ▁D iana ▁W ong / An ast acia ▁See ▁Andrew ▁See ▁ ▁Sound track ▁The ▁following ▁song ▁is ▁the ▁main ▁song ▁in ▁the ▁series : ▁" I ka w ▁Lang ▁Ang ▁Mam ah alin " ▁- ▁B aba eng ▁H amp as l up a ' s ▁official ▁theme , ▁performed ▁by ▁Fa ith ▁C un eta . ▁Dub bed ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁best ▁series ▁ever ▁that ▁TV 5 ▁produced ▁and ▁the ▁first ▁te led rama ▁offering ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁quarter ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁This ▁series ▁is ▁shot ▁at ▁the ▁H wa ▁Ch ong ▁Temple ▁in ▁Mal ab on , ▁Philippines . ▁ ▁Sy nd |
ic ation ▁ ▁Philippines : ▁Fox ▁Filip ino ▁ ▁International ▁broadcast ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁programs ▁broadcast ▁by ▁TV 5 ▁( Ph ili pp ines ) ▁List ▁of ▁shows ▁previously ▁a ired ▁by ▁TV 5 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : The ▁ 5 ▁Network ▁shows ▁Category : 2 0 1 1 ▁Philipp ine ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : 2 0 1 1 ▁Philipp ine ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : Ph ili pp ine ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Fil ip ino - language ▁television ▁programs <0x0A> </s> ▁Kay al ı p ı nar , ▁a ▁ham let ▁in ▁the ▁S ivas ▁Province , ▁Turkey ▁( pop ulation ▁ 8 7 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 0 ), ▁is ▁ ▁a ▁H itt ite ▁arch ae ological ▁site , ▁under ▁exc av ation ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁References ▁Andreas ▁Müller - Kar pe ▁et ▁al ., ▁Un tersuch ungen ▁in ▁Kay al ip inar , ▁Mit teil ungen ▁der ▁Deutschen ▁Orient - G es ellschaft ▁zu ▁Berlin ▁ 1 3 8 ▁( 2 0 0 6 ), ▁ 4 1 – 7 7 . ▁ ▁Category : H itt ite ▁sites ▁in ▁Turkey ▁Category : Arch ae ological ▁sites ▁in ▁Central ▁An atol ia ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁S ivas ▁Province <0x0A> </s> ▁L ' At el ier ▁national ▁du ▁Man it oba ▁was ▁a ▁three - year ▁film making ▁and ▁art ▁project ▁based ▁in ▁W inn ip eg , ▁Man |
it oba , ▁Canada ▁that ▁ran ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁The ▁club ' s ▁art istic ▁output ▁was ▁devoted ▁to ▁the ▁art istic ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁history , ▁culture ▁and ▁e ph em era ▁of ▁W inn ip eg ▁and ▁Man it oba . ▁ ▁In ▁collaboration , ▁and ▁individually ▁under ▁the ▁l ' At el ier ▁rub ric , ▁the ▁project ' s ▁members ▁created ▁an ▁array ▁of ▁short ▁and ▁feature - length ▁films , ▁videos , ▁post ers , ▁cur atorial ▁show cases ▁and ▁ess ays . ▁ ▁Background ▁University ▁of ▁W inn ip eg ▁scholar ▁Andrew ▁Bur ke ▁describes ▁the ▁group , ▁thus : ▁" Un like ▁John ▁Pa iz s ’ s ▁fasc ination ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s , ▁or ▁Guy ▁M add in ’ s ▁attachment ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s , ▁L ’ At el ier ▁was ▁drawn ▁to ▁the ▁det rit us ▁of ▁the ▁more ▁recent ▁past — the ▁space ▁stretch ing ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁medi ated ▁by ▁video , ▁local ▁affili ates , ▁and ▁public ▁access ▁cable ▁broadcast ing ." ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁group ' s ▁" Horizontal ist ▁Man if esto " ▁published ▁in ▁January , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁they ▁believed ▁that ▁Man it oba ' s ▁true ▁country ▁was ▁Québec , ▁not ▁Canada . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 |
, ▁film maker ▁and ▁Nova ▁Scot ia ▁College ▁of ▁Art ▁and ▁Design ▁fac ulty ▁member ▁Sol omon ▁Nag ler ▁described ▁L ' At el ier ▁as ▁" W inn ip eg ' s ▁Nouvelle ▁V ague ," ▁adding , ▁"... p itting ▁W inn ip eg ▁against ▁itself , ▁the ▁collect ive ▁creates ▁national istic , ▁soci opol it ical , ▁culture - j am ming ▁documents ▁that ▁explore ▁the ▁es oter ic ▁roots ▁of ▁Canada ' s ▁other ▁distinct ▁society : ▁W inn ip eg , ▁Man it oba ." ▁ ▁Gar bage ▁Hill ▁Screen ings ▁and ▁Kub asa ▁in ▁a ▁G lass ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 2 6 – 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁l ' At el ier ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁W inn ip eg ▁artist ▁Daniel ▁Bar row ▁to ▁present ▁the ▁screen ing ▁series , ▁Gar bage ▁Hill : ▁A ▁Show case ▁of ▁Dis card ed ▁W inn ip eg ▁Film ▁and ▁TV , ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁W inn ip eg ▁Film ▁Group ' s ▁Cin emat he que . ▁According ▁to ▁film ▁writer ▁Jeff ▁McK ay , ▁" This ▁screen ing ▁was ▁so ▁popular , ▁unlike ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁broadcast s ▁themselves , ▁that ▁potential ▁view ers ▁in ▁the ▁over - cap acity ▁crowd ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁get ▁tick ets ." ▁The ▁series ▁was ▁a ▁comp end ium ▁of ▁former ▁cable ▁access ▁television ▁shows ▁from ▁V P W ▁and ▁C able vision , ▁locally ▁produced ▁television ▁commer ci |
als ▁and ▁under ▁appreciated ▁films ▁from ▁thirty ▁years ▁of ▁Man it oba ▁film making . ▁Bar row ▁presented ▁cli ps ▁from ▁cable ▁TV ▁shows , ▁such ▁as ▁dance ▁free - for - all ▁The ▁Pol lock ▁and ▁Pol lock ▁G oss ip ▁Show , ▁re pert ory ▁musical ▁performance ▁show ▁The ▁Cos m opol it ans , ▁and ▁the ▁white ▁Pers ian ▁cat ▁fan ▁club ▁TV - news letter ▁What ' s ▁New ▁P uss y cat , ▁among ▁others , ▁with ▁his ▁signature ▁overhead ▁project or ▁providing ▁scrolling ▁historical ▁background ▁on ▁each ▁show . ▁▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Gar bage ▁Hill ▁screen ing ▁series , ▁L ' At el ier ▁national ▁du ▁Man it oba ▁presented ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁locally - produ ced , ▁low - bud get ▁TV ▁commer ci als ▁in ▁the ▁feature - length ▁video ▁Kub asa ▁in ▁a ▁G lass : ▁the ▁F et ish ised ▁W inn ip eg ▁TV ▁Com mer cial ▁ 1 9 7 6 - 1 9 9 2 . ▁The ▁Oxford ▁Hand book ▁of ▁Canadian ▁Cinema ▁describes ▁Kub asa ▁in ▁a ▁G lass ▁as , ▁" dist ingu ished ▁by ▁the ▁way ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁accum ulation ▁and ▁ju xt ap osition ▁of ▁found ▁materials ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁simple ▁exercise ▁in ▁civ ic ▁nost alg ia , ▁but ▁rather ▁a ▁thorough ▁investigation ▁of ▁how ▁the ▁structure ▁of ▁feeling ▁of ▁a ▁just - pass ed ▁historical ▁moment ▁might ▁be ▁visible ▁in ▁its ▁rem n ants ▁and ▁remain ders ." ▁A ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁feature |
- length ▁video ▁Kub asa ▁in ▁a ▁G lass : ▁the ▁F et ish ised ▁W inn ip eg ▁TV ▁Com mer cial ▁ 1 9 7 6 - 1 9 9 2 ▁was ▁screen ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Im ages ▁Festival ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁where ▁the ▁artists ' ▁statement ▁in ▁the ▁festival ▁program ▁guide ▁claimed , ▁" the ▁pur est ▁form ▁of ▁W inn ip eg ▁cinema ▁is ▁the ▁dispos able ▁film making ▁of ▁the ▁city ' s ▁televis ual ▁e ph em era ." ▁ ▁Bar row ▁continued ▁collect ing ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁cable ▁access ▁stars , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Video ▁Pool ▁Media ▁Arts ▁Centre ▁released , ▁W inn ip eg ▁Bab ys itter , ▁a ▁DVD ▁comp end ium ▁of ▁cable ▁access ▁cli ps ▁featuring ▁early ▁performances ▁of ▁Guy ▁M add in , ▁Marcel ▁D z ama , ▁Neil ▁Far ber , ▁The ▁Cos m opol it ans , ▁the ▁Pol lock s , ▁and ▁many ▁more . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁l ' At el ier ▁presented ▁Be ef s ▁and ▁Bou qu ets , ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁short ▁programs ▁of ▁new ▁films ▁by ▁friends ▁and ▁associated ▁film m akers ▁such ▁as ▁Dec o ▁Daw son , ▁Victoria ▁Prince , ▁Dar ry l ▁Nep in ak , ▁Daniel ▁G erson ▁and ▁E ve ▁Maj z els , ▁at ▁the ▁W inn ip eg ▁Cin emat he que . |
▁ ▁Death ▁by ▁Pop c orn : ▁the ▁T rag edy ▁of ▁the ▁W inn ip eg ▁J ets ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁l ' At el ier ▁national ▁du ▁Man it oba ▁presented ▁a ▁ 6 0 - min ute ▁video - col lage ▁Death ▁by ▁Pop c orn : ▁the ▁T rag edy ▁of ▁the ▁W inn ip eg ▁J ets ▁at ▁the ▁W inn ip eg ▁Film ▁Group ' s ▁Cin emat he que ▁for ▁three ▁screen ings . ▁The ▁video ▁was ▁edited ▁in ▁October ▁and ▁November , ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Sub sequ ent ▁to ▁the ▁video ' s ▁W inn ip eg ▁premi ere , ▁l ' At el ier ▁became ▁involved ▁in ▁a ▁highly ▁public ized ▁public ▁controvers y ▁and ▁legal ▁battle ▁with ▁media ▁con gl omer ate ▁C TV ▁Bell G lo be Media ▁over ▁Fair ▁Use ▁of ▁de - access ioned ▁television ▁foot age . ▁Through out ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Death ▁By ▁Pop c orn ▁screen ed ▁across ▁Canada ▁and ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁New sp aper ▁film ▁critic ▁Rand all ▁King ▁described ▁the ▁video ▁as ▁a ▁" com ic ▁work ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁J ets ▁become ▁the ▁ful c rum ▁of ▁a ▁med itation ▁on ▁W inn ip eg ▁self - lo ath ing ." ▁ ▁The ▁Oxford ▁Hand book ▁of ▁Canadian ▁Cinema ▁describes ▁the ▁video ▁as , ▁" a ▁mostly |
▁found - foot age ▁film ▁that ▁exam ines ▁the ▁deep ▁emot ional ▁invest ment ▁the ▁city ▁had ▁with ▁its ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League ▁franch ise ▁and ▁expl ores ▁the ▁collect ive ▁civ ic ▁tra uma ▁that ▁came ▁as ▁a ▁consequence ▁of ▁the ▁J ets ' ▁departure ▁from ▁W inn ip eg ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ." ▁ ▁Writing ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Cultural ▁Studies ▁scholar ▁Andrew ▁Bur ke ▁states ▁that , ▁" De ath ▁by ▁Pop c orn ▁in ▁particular ▁and ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁L ' At el ier ▁more ▁generally ▁use ▁format ▁historic ity ▁and ▁medium ▁specific ity ▁to ▁dem arc ate , ▁investigate , ▁and , ▁to ▁a ▁certain ▁degree , ▁celebr ate ▁the ▁video ▁era . ▁In ▁this ▁way , ▁it ▁should ▁be ▁considered ▁complement ary ▁to ▁the ▁work ▁of ▁S CT V . ▁Just ▁as ▁S CT V ' s ▁sat ire ▁bet ray s ▁a ▁fasc ination ▁with ▁local ▁affili ates ▁and ▁regional ▁broadcast ing , ▁L ' At el ier ' s ▁fasc ination ▁with ▁local ▁access ▁cable ▁programming ▁marks ▁an ▁arch ival ▁effort ▁to ▁understand ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁this ▁type ▁of ▁material ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁Canadian ▁television ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁civ ic ▁imagination ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁itself ." ▁ ▁Cinema ▁scholar ▁Sol ▁Nag ler ▁writes ▁of ▁the ▁video : ▁" It ▁is ▁a ▁media - col lage ▁tour ▁de ▁force , ▁an ▁over t ure ▁that ▁reve als ▁its ▁political ▁purpose : ▁un cover ing ▁the ▁roots ▁of ▁W inn ip |
eg ’ s ▁distinct ▁society ▁by ▁s ifting ▁through ▁the ▁ru ins ▁of ▁its ▁disc arded ▁visual ▁history . De ath ▁by ▁Pop c orn ▁is ▁an ▁alleg or ical ▁study ▁that ▁re cons iders ▁a ▁ten uous ▁time ▁in ▁W inn ip eg ’ s ▁history . ▁The ▁city ▁had ▁just ▁lost ▁its ▁pre cious ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League ▁team , ▁the ▁J ets , ▁and , ▁consequ ently , ▁was ▁on ▁the ▁br ink ▁of ▁a ▁third ▁mass ▁u pr ising ." ▁ ▁" Stand ▁T all " ▁Gra ff iti ▁and ▁Bur ton ' s ▁F av our ite ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁En am ored ▁by ▁local ▁boost er ism ▁and ▁propag anda ▁campaign s , ▁l ' At el ier ▁was ▁also ▁recognized ▁for ▁its ▁whe at paste ▁post ers ▁and ▁sp ray - p aint ▁st enc ils ▁which ▁often ▁l itter ed ▁the ▁dow nt own ▁core ▁area . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁W inn ip eg ▁Free ▁Press ▁reported ▁that ▁" the ▁v andal ism ▁is ▁insp iring ▁head - scr atch ing ▁by ▁city ▁officials ▁about ▁the ▁mot ives ▁of ▁the ▁project ." ▁Bob ▁Mc Donald , ▁a ▁sp okes man ▁for ▁W inn ip eg ' s ▁public ▁works ▁department ▁said ▁in ▁an ▁official ▁statement : ▁" It ' s ▁certainly ▁not ▁something ▁we ▁want ▁posted ▁around ▁the ▁city ." ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁At el ier - comm ission ed ▁art |
▁films ▁I ▁Dream ▁of ▁Dr ift wood ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁and ▁Bur ton ' s ▁F avor ite ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁were ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁W inn ip eg ▁Art ▁Gallery ▁exhibition , ▁Sub cons cious ▁City . ▁▁ ▁As ▁the ▁Oxford ▁Hand book ▁of ▁Canadian ▁Cinema ▁rec ount s ▁in ▁detail , ▁“ In ▁the ▁years ▁of ▁L ’ At el ier , ▁the ▁group ▁poster ed ▁the ▁city ▁with ▁images ▁of ▁Bur ton ▁C umm ings ▁ca ption ed ▁with ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁his ▁most ▁successful ▁solo ▁hit , ▁“ Stand ▁T all .” ▁The ▁post ers ▁appeared ▁without ▁context ▁of ▁explanation ▁throughout ▁W inn ip eg ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁and ▁seemed ▁an ▁obsc ure ▁inj unction ▁to ▁the ▁popul ace ▁to ▁take ▁pride ▁in ▁the ▁city . ▁Yet , ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁official ▁prom ot ional ▁campaign s ▁that ▁appe aled ▁to ▁the ▁sub lim ity ▁of ▁the ▁Man it oba ▁landscape ▁or ▁assert ions ▁of ▁W inn ip eg ’ s ▁modern ity ▁to ▁attract ▁visitors , ▁invest ment , ▁or ▁to ▁simply ▁make ▁W inn ip eg gers ▁feel ▁good ▁about ▁themselves , ▁the ▁“ Stand ▁T all ” ▁campaign ▁emb rac ed ▁the ▁somewhat ▁embar rass ing : ▁an ▁over wr ought ▁mid ▁sevent ies ▁soft ▁rock ▁hit ▁and ▁the ▁be aming , ▁go of y ▁image ▁of ▁the ▁man ▁who ▁wrote ▁and ▁sang ▁it . ▁[ … ] ▁The ▁visual ▁impact ▁of ▁the ▁“ Stand ▁T |
all ” ▁post ers ▁is ▁captured ▁in ▁Bur ton ’ s ▁F av our ite ▁( 2 0 0 6 ), ▁a ▁L ’ At el ier - produ ced ▁short ▁directed ▁by ▁Walter ▁F ors berg ▁and ▁sound track ed ▁by ▁the ▁song ▁itself .” ▁ ▁Other ▁Project s ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Man it oba ' s ▁AR CH - 2 ▁Gallery ▁installed ▁Dis count ▁Everything , ▁an ▁exhibition ▁featuring ▁art work ▁and ▁photograph s ▁by ▁l ' At el ier ▁national ▁du ▁Mant io ba ▁and ▁W inn ip eg ▁document arian ▁John ▁P ask iev ich . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁l ' At el ier ▁public ly ▁den ounced ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁W inn ip eg ' s ▁dow nt own ▁development ▁office , ▁Centre ▁Vent ure , ▁for ▁their ▁alleg ed ▁plans ▁to ▁ra ze ▁histor ically ▁significant ▁port ions ▁of ▁the ▁city ' s ▁Ch in at own ▁district . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁ ▁L ' At el ier ' s ▁core ▁members ▁- ▁Matthew ▁Rank in , ▁Mike ▁Mary ni uk ▁and ▁Walter ▁F ors berg ▁- ▁continue ▁to ▁work ▁together ▁period ically ▁under ▁their ▁individual ▁names . ▁▁ ▁Writing ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁W inn ip eg ▁Film ▁Group ▁Director ▁Cec ilia ▁A ran eda ▁stated : ▁" Back ▁to ▁the ▁At el ier ▁and ▁its ▁id ol at ry ▁of ▁k itsch ▁and ▁the ▁young , ▁sub vers |
ively - charg ed ▁film m akers ▁within ▁the ▁Film ▁Group ; ▁while ▁it ▁is ▁easy ▁to ▁critic ize ▁them ▁for ▁being ▁opinion ated ▁and ▁bo ast ful , ▁and ▁for ▁not ▁walking ▁soft ly , ▁I ▁actually ▁app la ud ▁this ▁in ▁them . ▁The ▁Film ▁Group ▁was ▁formed ▁from ▁the ▁she er ▁strength ▁of ▁our ▁collect ive ▁individual ism ▁and ▁it ▁surv ives ▁to ▁this ▁day ▁only ▁because ▁of ▁this , ▁when ▁external ▁factors ▁should ▁have ▁already ▁rendered ▁us ▁ext inct ." ▁ ▁At ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁screen ing , ▁W inn ip eg ▁Film ▁Group ▁Executive ▁Director ▁Cec ilia ▁A ran eda ▁public ly ▁stated , ▁" all ▁of ▁W inn ip eg ' s ▁marg inal ized ▁film ▁and ▁video ▁artists ▁o we ▁L ' At el ier ▁national ▁du ▁Man it oba ▁an ▁enorm ous ▁deb t ▁of ▁grat itude ▁for ▁their ▁contribution ▁to , ▁and ▁recognition ▁of , ▁what ▁society ▁has ▁otherwise ▁de emed ▁as ▁tr ash ." ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁At el ier ▁member ▁Walter ▁F ors berg ▁published ▁a ▁sc rap book ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁group , ▁ST AR V ATION ▁Y EAR S : ▁L ' Al bum ▁de ▁l ' At el ier ▁national ▁du ▁Man it oba , ▁ 2 0 0 5 - 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁L ' At el ier ▁members ▁are ▁featured ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁document ary , ▁T ales ▁from ▁the ▁W inn |
ip eg ▁Film ▁Group ▁by ▁film m akers ▁Dave ▁Bar ber ▁and ▁Kevin ▁Nik kel . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁" W inn ip eg ▁e ats ▁itself : ▁L ' At el ier ▁national ▁du ▁Man it oba ' s ▁Sch eme ▁for ▁S over e ig nt y ," ▁by ▁Sol omon ▁Nag ler , ▁IN C ITE ! ▁Journal ▁of ▁Ex perimental ▁Media ▁and ▁Rad ical ▁A est het ics , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁" A ▁conversation ▁with ▁film ▁mak er ▁Matthew ▁Rank in ," ▁by ▁Tod d ▁Brown , ▁Tw itch , ▁April ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁" L ' At el ier ▁national ▁du ▁Man it oba ▁réal ise ▁des ▁pro jets ▁d ' art ▁sur ▁l ' ident ité ▁man it ob aine ," ▁Radio - Can ada . ca , ▁December ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁" F ear ▁and ▁Self - Lo ath ing ▁in ▁Man it oba ," ▁by ▁Paul ▁Cor u pe , ▁This ▁Magazine , ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁" Don ' t ▁Mess ▁With ▁Ch in at own ," ▁by ▁L ' At el ier ▁national ▁du ▁Man it oba , ▁U pt own ▁Magazine , ▁July ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁" One ▁to ▁Watch , ▁Indeed : ▁An ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Ryan ▁McK en na ," ▁by ▁Walter ▁F ors berg , |
▁U pt own ▁Magazine , ▁April ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁" W inn ip eg ▁K itsch ," ▁by ▁St ace y ▁Abr am son , ▁U pt own ▁Magazine , ▁January ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ST AR V ATION ▁Y EAR S : ▁L ' Al bum ▁de ▁l ' At el ier ▁national ▁du ▁Man it oba , ▁ 2 0 0 5 - 2 0 0 8 . ▁Death ▁by ▁Pop c orn : ▁The ▁T rag edy ▁of ▁the ▁W inn ip eg ▁J ets ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁on ▁U BU ▁Film ▁The ▁Hor izontal ist ▁Man if esto / les ▁horizontal istes : ▁manif este , ▁by / par ▁l ' At el ier ▁national ▁du ▁Mant io ba , ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁artist ▁groups ▁and ▁collect ives ▁Category : Culture ▁of ▁W inn ip eg ▁Category : C in ema ▁of ▁Man it oba ▁Category : Fil m ▁organizations ▁in ▁Canada <0x0A> </s> ▁A ar set ▁is ▁a ▁surname . ▁Notable ▁persons ▁with ▁that ▁surname ▁include : ▁▁ ▁E iv ind ▁A ar set ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 1 ), ▁Norwegian ▁jazz ▁guitar ist ▁ ▁John - R agn ar ▁A ar set ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 3 ), ▁Norwegian ▁politician ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Å r set ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Jean ▁Em ile ▁Hum bert ▁( |
2 3 ▁July ▁ 1 7 7 1 ▁in ▁The ▁H ague ▁– ▁ 2 0 ▁February ▁ 1 8 3 9 ▁in ▁Liv orno ) ▁was ▁a ▁Dutch ▁lieutenant - col onel ▁who ▁can ▁be ▁cred ited ▁with ▁redis cover ing ▁ancient ▁Car th age . ▁As ▁an ▁agent ▁for ▁the ▁Dutch ▁government ▁he ▁proc ured ▁vital ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁collection ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Museum ▁of ▁Anti qu ities ▁in ▁Le iden . ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Lion ▁for ▁his ▁arch ae ological ▁work . ▁▁ 1 7 9 6 ▁to ▁ 1 8 2 1 ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁a ▁son ▁of ▁Jean ▁Hum bert , ▁a ▁Dutch ▁painter ▁of ▁Swiss ▁and ▁French ▁extra ction . ▁His ▁brother ▁David ▁Pierre ▁Gi ott ino ▁Hum bert ▁de ▁Super ville ▁was ▁a ▁well - known ▁artist ▁and ▁scholar . ▁ ▁As ▁an ▁officer ▁in ▁the ▁army ▁of ▁the ▁Dutch ▁Republic ▁he ▁was ▁faced ▁with ▁the ▁political ▁un rest ▁of ▁the ▁Napoleon ▁era . ▁When ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 5 ▁the ▁Dutch ▁Republic ▁was ▁transformed ▁by ▁revolution aries ▁into ▁the ▁Bat av ian ▁Republic , ▁Hum bert ▁refused ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁new ▁state ▁and ▁found ▁his ▁way ▁to ▁an ▁engineering ▁project ▁in ▁Tun is ia . ▁ ▁In ▁North ▁Africa ▁Hum bert ▁stayed ▁with ▁Antoine ▁N ij ss en , ▁the ▁Dutch ▁cons ul ▁for ▁Tun is ia . ▁Hum bert ▁fell ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁the ▁cons ul ' s ▁daughter , ▁Th ér èse , ▁and ▁would ▁marry |
▁her ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 1 . ▁During ▁these ▁years ▁the ▁new ▁har bour ▁for ▁Tun is ▁was ▁built , ▁and ▁when ▁the ▁command ing ▁officer ▁of ▁the ▁project ▁left ▁the ▁country ▁for ▁good , ▁Hum bert ▁took ▁charge . ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁length y ▁stay ▁in ▁Tun is ia , ▁Hum bert ▁became ▁fasc in ated ▁with ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁country . ▁He ▁started ▁collect ing ▁anti qu ities , ▁and ▁began ▁compiling ▁notes ▁about ▁the ▁history , ▁custom s ▁and ▁language ▁of ▁Tun is ia . ▁He ▁took ▁a ▁special ▁interest ▁in ▁the ▁pen ins ula ▁near ▁Tun is ▁where ▁the ▁ancient ▁city ▁of ▁Car th age ▁had ▁once ▁been . ▁Although ▁the ▁location ▁of ▁Roman ▁Car th age ▁was ▁known , ▁the ▁exact ▁location ▁of ▁P unic ▁Car th age ▁was ▁a ▁matter ▁of ▁dispute . ▁After ▁the ▁Third ▁P unic ▁War ▁the ▁Rom ans ▁had ▁completely ▁destroyed ▁the ▁site . ▁When ▁a ▁century ▁later ▁a ▁new ▁Roman ▁col ony ▁was ▁built , ▁all ▁P unic ▁remains ▁would ▁be ▁sw amp ed ▁in ▁the ▁later ▁architecture . ▁Hum bert ▁studied ▁the ▁area , ▁drew ▁an ▁accurate ▁map ▁and ▁esc orted ▁many ▁travel ers ▁who ▁visited ▁the ▁area . ▁This ▁led ▁to ▁him ▁becoming ▁an ▁expert ▁on ▁the ▁top ography ▁of ▁the ▁ancient ▁site . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 1 7 ▁Hum bert ▁made ▁a ▁monument al ▁discovery ▁when ▁a ▁p low ing ▁far mer ▁st umbled ▁upon ▁four ▁P unic ▁st ela e ▁and ▁two ▁fragments ▁with |
▁P unic ▁ins cri ptions ▁on ▁them . ▁These ▁were ▁the ▁first ▁complete ▁Car th agin ian ▁remains ▁discovered ▁since ▁anti qu ity . ▁In ▁ 1 8 2 1 , ▁already ▁back ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁Hum bert ▁would ▁publish ▁the ▁finds . ▁ ▁Now ▁that ▁the ▁Bat av ian ▁Republic ▁had ▁col lapsed ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁with ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁Hum bert ▁could ▁return ▁to ▁his ▁hom eland . ▁While ▁he ▁was ▁gone , ▁dis aster ▁would ▁strike ▁in ▁his ▁household ▁back ▁in ▁Tun is ia . ▁Hum bert ' s ▁daughter ▁and ▁son - in - law ▁died ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁pl ague ▁and ▁his ▁house ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁burn ed ▁down . ▁Hum bert ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁had ▁not ▁only ▁lost ▁their ▁loved ▁ones , ▁but ▁were ▁finan cially ▁dev ast ated ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁When ▁returning ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁Hum bert ▁hoped ▁to ▁get ▁his ▁new ▁assignment ▁to ▁the ▁Ind ies ▁over turn ed . ▁He ▁also ▁tried ▁to ▁sell ▁his ▁remaining ▁poss essions , ▁most ▁not ably ▁his ▁collection ▁of ▁anti qu ities . ▁Through ▁his ▁contacts ▁he ▁met ▁with ▁arch ae ology ▁professor ▁Cas par ▁Re uv ens . ▁Re uv ens ▁would ▁prove ▁to ▁be ▁enthus i astic ▁about ▁Hum bert ' s ▁knowledge ▁of ▁ancient ▁Car th age , ▁and ▁wel com ed ▁the ▁collection ▁of ▁anti qu ities . ▁He ▁val ued ▁the ▁arte fact s ▁at ▁ 1 7 , 0 0 0 ▁gu ild ers . |
▁Hum bert ' s ▁assignment ▁in ▁the ▁Ind ies ▁was ▁changed ▁into ▁a ▁major ' s ▁p ension ▁without ▁assignment , ▁so ▁that ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁now ▁free ▁to ▁work ▁on ▁arch ae ological ▁projects . ▁ ▁First ▁arch ae ological ▁expedition ▁Between ▁ 1 8 2 2 ▁and ▁ 1 8 2 4 ▁Hum bert ▁would ▁go ▁on ▁his ▁first ▁arch ae ological ▁expedition ▁for ▁the ▁Dutch ▁government . ▁Re uv ens ▁wished ▁to ▁publish ▁about ▁Car th age , ▁and ▁with ▁that ▁be ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁do ▁a ▁serious ▁large ▁scale ▁study ▁about ▁the ▁city . ▁He ▁repeatedly ▁noted ▁how ▁Car th age ▁had ▁been ▁of ▁huge ▁importance ▁in ▁anti qu ity , ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁yet ▁studied ▁in ▁modern ity . ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁asked ▁to ▁conduct ▁exc av ations ▁at ▁Car th age , ▁buy ▁anti qu ities ▁un ear th ed ▁at ▁nearby ▁Ut ica , ▁collect ▁P unic ▁material ▁and ▁work ▁on ▁plans , ▁draw ings ▁and ▁sketch es . ▁ ▁The ▁Dutch ▁Department ▁of ▁Education , ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences ▁arranged ▁for ▁the ▁expedition ▁and ▁fin anced ▁it . ▁Hum bert ▁received ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁his ▁p ension , ▁and ▁was ▁given ▁funds ▁for ▁the ▁exc av ations ▁and ▁purch ases . ▁At ▁this ▁time ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁awarded ▁with ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Lion , ▁both ▁as ▁a ▁reward ▁for ▁his ▁troubles ▁and ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁impress ▁the ▁Tun is ians . ▁ ▁After ▁se cur ing ▁a ▁positive ▁relationship ▁with ▁the ▁r uler ▁in |
▁Tun is , ▁Hum bert ▁set ▁his ▁mind ▁on ▁the ▁purchase ▁of ▁nine ▁sculpt ures ▁discovered ▁at ▁Ut ica . ▁Unfortunately ▁a ▁top ▁piece ▁in ▁the ▁group ▁was ▁sold ▁and ▁sh ipped ▁to ▁Den mark , ▁but ▁Hum bert ▁managed ▁to ▁proc ure ▁the ▁other ▁eight ▁stat ues . ▁These ▁still ▁form ▁an ▁essential ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁current ▁collection ▁in ▁Le iden , ▁at ▁the ▁National ▁Museum ▁of ▁Anti qu ities . ▁ ▁Hum bert ▁continued ▁to ▁collect ▁anti qu ities ▁and ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁conduct ▁numerous ▁exc av ations . ▁All ▁of ▁these ▁exc av ations ▁were ▁small ▁though , ▁the ▁longest ▁one ▁last ing ▁only ▁two ▁weeks . ▁Though ▁there ▁certainly ▁were ▁finds , ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁artifact s ▁were ▁very ▁special . ▁Most ▁notable ▁about ▁these ▁exc av ations ▁is ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁precision ▁with ▁which ▁Hum bert ▁conducted ▁them , ▁making ▁notes ▁and ▁impress ive ▁draw ings . ▁ ▁Upon ▁returning ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁late ▁ 1 8 2 4 , ▁Hum bert ▁delivered ▁si xty - five ▁cr ates ▁full ▁of ▁art ▁and ▁artifact s . ▁Professor ▁Re uv ens ▁was ▁pleased ▁with ▁the ▁add itions ▁to ▁the ▁collection , ▁but ▁wanted ▁a ▁second ▁expedition . ▁ ▁Second ▁arch ae ological ▁expedition ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁not ▁at ▁all ▁happy ▁to ▁have ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁Tun is ia . ▁During ▁the ▁last ▁expedition ▁he ▁had ▁become ▁increasing ly ▁de pressed ▁with ▁the ▁work ▁and ▁climate . ▁He ▁hoped ▁to ▁remain ▁closer ▁to ▁home , ▁or ▁at ▁least ▁not ▁return |
▁to ▁the ▁North ▁African ▁coast . ▁Egypt ▁was ▁mon opol ized ▁by ▁France ▁and ▁England ▁however , ▁and ▁colon el ▁R ott iers ▁was ▁already ▁working ▁in ▁Greece ▁( see ▁R ott iers ▁Collection ). ▁ ▁Re uv ens ▁won ▁out , ▁arg uing ▁that ▁Hum bert ▁knew ▁the ▁area ▁the ▁best ▁and ▁that ▁much ▁more ▁research ▁into ▁the ▁Car th agin ian ▁pen ins ula ▁was ▁needed . ▁In ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 5 ▁a ▁royal ▁dec ree ▁decided ▁on ▁a ▁second ▁expedition , ▁last ing ▁four ▁years . ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁at ▁this ▁point ▁promoted ▁to ▁lieutenant - col onel . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 2 5 ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁made ▁correspond ent ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Institute . ▁ ▁E tr us can ▁anti qu ities ▁Hum bert ▁tra ve led ▁to ▁Italy ▁from ▁where ▁he ▁would ▁take ▁a ▁ship ▁to ▁Tun is ia . ▁Ar riv ing ▁in ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 6 ▁however , ▁Hum bert ▁argued ▁that ▁the ▁summer ▁in ▁Tun is ia ▁would ▁be ▁too ▁hot ▁to ▁exc av ate . ▁Com bin ing ▁that ▁argument ▁with ▁the ▁ra ging ▁anti - Christ ian ▁sent iments ▁among ▁the ▁Tun is ians , ▁Hum bert ▁persu aded ▁Re uv ens ▁to ▁allow ▁him ▁a ▁delay ▁of ▁four ▁months . ▁St ay ing ▁in ▁Liv orno , ▁he ▁began ▁collect ing ▁E tr us can ▁anti qu ities ▁and ▁soon ▁bought ▁six ▁ur ns . ▁ ▁These ▁six ▁ur ns ▁would ▁cause |
▁some ▁comm otion ▁because ▁E tr us can ▁art ▁was ▁hardly ▁known ▁outside ▁Italy ▁at ▁that ▁point . ▁Re uv ens ▁jud ged ▁three ▁of ▁them ▁to ▁be ▁fake , ▁and ▁had ▁serious ▁doub ts ▁about ▁one . ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁not ▁very ▁happy ▁with ▁this ▁ver dict , ▁being ▁sure ▁himself ▁that ▁the ▁six ▁ur ns ▁were ▁all ▁genu ine . ▁He ▁respond ed ▁by ▁compos ing ▁a ▁d oss ier ▁about ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁the ▁ur ns , ▁and ▁en list ed ▁the ▁aid ▁of ▁Italian ▁arch ae olog ists . ▁Hum bert ▁had ▁numerous ▁comp elling ▁arguments ▁and ▁even ▁proposed ▁to ▁ship ▁the ▁ur ns ▁back ▁to ▁Italy ▁for ▁a ▁public ▁debate . ▁The ▁relationship ▁between ▁Re uv ens ▁and ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁consider ably ▁cool er ▁for ▁a ▁while ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁this ▁incident , ▁though ▁eventually ▁their ▁friendship ▁returned . ▁Hum bert ▁would ▁buy ▁more ▁ur ns , ▁this ▁time ▁all ▁with ▁certific ates ▁of ▁authentic ity . ▁ ▁An ▁important ▁opportunity ▁came ▁when ▁a ▁large ▁collection ▁of ▁E tr us can ▁anti qu ities ▁was ▁offered ▁for ▁sale . ▁The ▁collection ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Museo ▁Cor az zi , ▁and ▁consisted ▁of ▁over ▁ 5 0 0 ▁artifact s . ▁Most ▁of ▁these ▁were ▁bron zes ▁and ▁E tr us can . ▁Re uv ens ▁was ▁interested ▁in ▁the ▁Cor az zi ▁collection , ▁because ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁relatively ▁unknown ▁E tr usc ans ▁could ▁push ▁Italian ▁history ▁back ▁consider ably . ▁Tax ating |
▁the ▁group ▁proved ▁difficult ▁though , ▁since ▁there ▁were ▁no ▁master pie ces ▁but ▁E tr us can ▁art ▁was ▁rare . ▁The ▁requested ▁price ▁for ▁the ▁collection ▁had ▁dropped ▁from ▁ 6 0 . 0 0 0 ▁gu ild ers ▁to ▁ 3 8 . 0 0 0 , ▁but ▁this ▁was ▁still ▁a ▁huge ▁amount ▁of ▁money ▁and ▁E tr us can ▁anti qu ities ▁lay ▁outside ▁the ▁scope ▁of ▁the ▁expedition ▁which ▁was ▁supposed ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁Tun is ia . ▁ ▁The ▁decision ▁to ▁buy ▁or ▁not ▁was ▁left ▁to ▁the ▁Dutch ▁government , ▁where ▁discussion ▁and ▁correspond ence ▁took ▁place ▁between ▁the ▁king , ▁various ▁minister s ▁and ▁professor ▁Re uv ens . ▁Fin an cial ▁difficulties ▁in ▁the ▁Cor az zi ▁family ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁collection ▁being ▁offered ▁for ▁ 5 . 0 0 0 ▁gu ild ers ▁less , ▁and ▁Hum bert ▁bold ly ▁se aled ▁the ▁deal ▁without ▁permission ▁to ▁buy . ▁M aking ▁clear ▁that ▁this ▁was ▁not ▁the ▁way ▁things ▁were ▁supposed ▁to ▁go , ▁the ▁Dutch ▁government ▁permitted ▁the ▁buy ▁after ▁it ▁was ▁in ▁fact ▁made . ▁The ▁deal ▁was ▁not ▁reg rett ed , ▁for ▁the ▁collection ▁started ▁E tr us can ▁studies ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁ ▁Hum bert ▁around ▁this ▁time ▁also ▁bought ▁a ▁smaller ▁collection ▁of ▁Roman , ▁Egypt ian ▁and ▁P unic ▁anti qu ities , ▁and ▁sh ipped ▁everything ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁ ▁Egypt ian ▁anti qu ities ▁ ▁Hum bert ▁still ▁remained ▁in ▁Liv |
orno ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁cross ▁to ▁the ▁destination ▁of ▁his ▁second ▁expedition , ▁Tun is ia . ▁After ▁consider ably ▁adding ▁to ▁the ▁museum s ▁collection ▁through ▁bu ying ▁the ▁E tr us can ▁anti qu ities , ▁Hum bert ▁would ▁again ▁add ▁an ▁impress ive ▁amount ▁of ▁artifact s ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Museum ▁of ▁Anti qu ities . ▁ ▁Maria ▁C im ba , ▁a ▁wid ow , ▁offered ▁the ▁Egypt ian ▁collection ▁of ▁her ▁dece ased ▁husband ▁for ▁ 1 4 . 0 0 0 ▁gu ild ers . ▁Hum bert ▁had ▁permission ▁to ▁offer ▁ 8 . 0 0 0 ▁gu ild ers , ▁but ▁someone ▁else ▁offer end ▁ 9 . 0 0 0 ▁and ▁the ▁collection ▁was ▁sold . ▁The ▁other ▁bu yer ▁could ▁not ▁assemble ▁the ▁money ▁in ▁time ▁though , ▁and ▁Hum bert ▁managed ▁to ▁buy ▁the ▁collection ▁for ▁a ▁mere ▁ 5 . 0 0 0 ▁gu ild ers . ▁ 3 3 5 ▁Egypt ian ▁pieces ▁were ▁now ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁Dutch . ▁ ▁A ▁while ▁after ▁the ▁purchase ▁of ▁the ▁C im ba ▁collection , ▁a ▁much ▁more ▁impress ive ▁group ▁of ▁Egypt ian ▁pieces ▁was ▁offered ▁for ▁sale . ▁The ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 6 0 0 ▁artifact s ▁were ▁owned ▁by ▁Jean ▁d ' An ast y , ▁a ▁very ▁wealth y ▁merchant ▁of ▁good ▁reputation . ▁Hum bert ▁ins pected ▁the ▁impress ive ▁collection ▁and ▁sent ▁Re uv ens ▁the ▁catalog ue ▁of ▁over ▁ 1 1 0 ▁pages . |
▁Re uv ens ▁en list ed ▁the ▁aid ▁of ▁the ▁Dutch ▁amb assador ▁in ▁Rome . ▁The ▁enorm ous ▁amount ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁gu ild ers ▁was ▁asked ▁for ▁this ▁collection , ▁and ▁negoti ations ▁would ▁be ▁inten se . ▁ ▁Re uv ens ▁tried ▁to ▁evaluate ▁the ▁worth ▁of ▁the ▁collection ▁by ▁comparing ▁it ▁to ▁other ▁large ▁recently ▁sold ▁collections . ▁Though ▁the ▁stat ues ▁of ▁the ▁An ast y ▁collection ▁were ▁not ▁very ▁impress ive , ▁there ▁were ▁some ▁m umm ies ▁and ▁especially ▁the ▁large ▁amount ▁of ▁pap y ri ▁made ▁the ▁collection ▁worth ▁having . ▁The ▁Dutch ▁opening ▁b ids ▁of ▁ 5 0 . 0 0 0 ▁gu ild ers ▁and ▁then ▁ 7 0 . 0 0 0 ▁were ▁an gr ily ▁rejected , ▁and ▁a ▁representative ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁to ▁speak ▁with ▁Re uv ens . ▁It ▁was ▁clear ▁that ▁the ▁negoti ations ▁were ▁beyond ▁Hum bert ▁at ▁this ▁point . ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁not ▁happy ▁with ▁the ▁way ▁things ▁were ▁going , ▁and ▁thought ▁Re uv ens ' ▁tax ation ▁was ▁much ▁too ▁low . ▁Re uv ens ▁had ▁mean while ▁upgrad ed ▁his ▁estimation ▁of ▁the ▁value . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 1 8 2 8 ▁Hum bert ▁offered ▁the ▁maximum ▁he ▁was ▁allowed ▁to ▁offer , ▁ 2 0 0 . 0 0 0 ▁fran cs ▁or ▁roughly ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁gu ild ers . ▁It ▁would ▁be ▁yet ▁another |
▁offer ▁rejected ▁out ▁of ▁hand , ▁although ▁by ▁this ▁time ▁the ▁asking ▁price ▁had ▁been ▁lower ed ▁to ▁ 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 ▁fran cs ▁and ▁some ▁objects ▁were ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁collection . ▁Re uv ens ▁at ▁this ▁point ▁thought ▁that ▁ 1 5 0 . 0 0 0 ▁gu ild ers , ▁or ▁ 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 ▁fran cs , ▁was ▁a ▁fair ▁price . ▁The ▁king ▁was ▁not ▁pleased ▁however . ▁ 3 0 0 . 0 0 0 ▁fran cs ▁was ▁too ▁much ▁to ▁spend ▁on ▁anti qu ities , ▁and ▁an ▁official ▁maximum ▁was ▁set ▁on ▁ 2 3 0 . 0 0 0 ▁fran cs . ▁B yp ass ing ▁the ▁cons ul ▁in ▁Rome , ▁news ▁of ▁this ▁was ▁sent ▁directly ▁to ▁Hum bert ▁who ▁made ▁the ▁offer . ▁Pro spect s ▁were ▁ble ak , ▁and ▁no - one ▁expected ▁that ▁the ▁collection ▁would ▁be ▁sold ▁for ▁the ▁rough ▁equivalent ▁of ▁ 1 1 5 . 0 0 0 ▁gu ild ers . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁mystery ▁why , ▁but ▁An ast y ▁accepted ▁the ▁offer ▁and ▁after ▁a ▁year ▁of ▁inten se ▁negoti ations ▁the ▁collection ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁the ▁Dutch ▁government . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁first ▁day ▁of ▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁the ▁anti qu ities ▁arrived ▁in ▁Le iden , ▁and ▁Hum bert ▁received ▁another ▁three ▁items ▁as ▁a ▁gift ▁by ▁d ' An ast y . ▁These ▁items ▁were ▁offered ▁by |
▁d ' An ast y ▁before ▁the ▁deal ▁was ▁closed , ▁but ▁had ▁been ▁kept ▁secret ▁by ▁his ▁agents ▁in ▁Italy . ▁Hum bert ▁was ▁told ▁of ▁it ▁by ▁one ▁of ▁them ▁though , ▁and ▁confront ed ▁the ▁other ▁one . ▁A ▁By z antine ▁hel met , ▁a ▁Greek ▁manuscript ▁and ▁a ▁Greek - D em otic ▁b iling ual ▁pap yrus ▁were ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁collection . ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁Egypt ian ▁ac quisition ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁largest ▁sum ▁the ▁government ▁would ▁ever ▁pay , ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁largest ▁deal ▁of ▁H umber ts ▁career . ▁There ▁remained ▁one ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁year ▁of ▁time ▁set ▁for ▁the ▁expedition ▁though . ▁Professor ▁Re uv ens ▁at ▁this ▁point ▁understood ▁that ▁Hum bert ▁had ▁no ▁serious ▁plans ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁North ▁Africa ▁and ▁hoped ▁to ▁make ▁use ▁of ▁Hum bert ▁as ▁an ▁agent ▁in ▁Italy . ▁He ▁made ▁a ▁few ▁more ▁minor ▁purch ases ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁early ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 3 0 s . ▁ ▁Life ▁after ▁the ▁exped itions ▁Hum bert ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁and ▁began ▁working ▁on ▁a ▁publication ▁about ▁Car th age , ▁trying ▁to ▁de ci pher ▁the ▁notes ▁of ▁the ▁dece ased ▁Borg ia . ▁No ▁plans ▁of ▁a ▁third ▁expedition ▁ever ▁came ▁near ▁to ▁success ▁however , ▁and ▁Hum bert ▁decided ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁Italy ▁to ▁live ▁on ▁his ▁military ▁p ension . ▁He ▁would ▁return ▁once ▁more ▁to ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁but ▁by ▁that ▁time ▁was ▁a ▁sick ly |
▁man . ▁In ▁ 1 8 3 9 ▁Hum bert ▁died ▁in ▁Italy , ▁be que ath ing ▁his ▁private ▁collection ▁of ▁anti qu ities ▁to ▁the ▁Le iden ▁museum . ▁His ▁grav estone ▁claims ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁Car th age . ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁and ▁external ▁links ▁Hal berts ma , ▁R . ▁B . ▁( 1 9 9 6 ). ▁The ▁King ' s ▁Collect or : ▁The ▁Arch ae ological ▁Tra vel s ▁of ▁Jean ▁Em ile ▁Hum bert , ▁Aur ora ▁Hal berts ma , ▁R . ▁B . ▁( 2 0 0 3 ). ▁Sch ol ars , ▁Tra v ellers , ▁and ▁Trade : ▁The ▁P ione er ▁Years ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Museum ▁of ▁Anti qu ities ▁in ▁Le iden , ▁ 1 8 1 8 - 1 8 4 0 , ▁Rout ledge , ▁p . 7 1 - 1 1 1 ▁Article ▁by ▁co - oper ating ▁museum s ▁about ▁Hum bert ▁( in ▁Dutch ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 7 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 3 9 ▁death s ▁Category : D utch ▁arch ae olog ists ▁Category : Car th age ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁The ▁H ague ▁Category : K n ights ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Lion ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Netherlands ▁Academy ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences <0x0A> </s> ▁Math ieu ▁Lew in ▁( born ▁ 1 4 ▁November ▁▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁in ▁Sen lis , ▁O ise |
, ▁France ) ▁is ▁a ▁French ▁math ematic ian ▁and ▁mathematical ▁phys ic ist ▁who ▁de als ▁with ▁partial ▁differential ▁equations , ▁mathematical ▁quantum ▁field ▁theory ▁and ▁mathematics ▁of ▁quantum ▁mechanical ▁many - body ▁systems . ▁ ▁Biography ▁▁ ▁Lew in ▁studied ▁mathematics ▁at ▁the ▁É cole ▁norm ale ▁sup érieure ▁de ▁C ach an , ▁receiving ▁his ▁master ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁He ▁then ▁received ▁his ▁Ph D ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁at ▁the ▁Paris ▁D au ph ine ▁University ▁( D au ph ine - Par is ) ▁Ph D ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁É ric ▁S éré . ▁His ▁dis sert ation ▁was ▁titled ▁Some ▁non linear ▁models ▁in ▁quantum ▁mechan ics . ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁post do ctor al ▁fellow ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁C open hagen ▁under ▁Jan ▁Philip ▁Sol ove j . ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁he ▁conducted ▁research ▁for ▁the ▁Centre ▁national ▁de ▁la ▁recherche ▁scient ifique ▁( CN RS ) ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Cer gy - P onto ise , ▁then ▁at ▁the ▁Paris - D au ph ine ▁university . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁he ▁has ▁been ▁awarded ▁an ▁E MS ▁Prize ▁" for ▁his ▁ground ▁breaking ▁work ▁in ▁rig orous ▁aspects ▁of ▁quantum ▁chem istry , ▁mean ▁field ▁approxim ations ▁to ▁relativ istic ▁quantum ▁field ▁theory ▁and ▁statistical ▁mechan ics ". ▁ ▁Works ▁ |
▁His ▁works ▁concern ▁the ▁mathematical ▁properties ▁of ▁matter ▁at ▁the ▁micro scop ic ▁scale , ▁and ▁they ▁are ▁mostly ▁based ▁on ▁quantum ▁mechan ics . ▁He ▁uses ▁tools ▁from ▁the ▁calculus ▁of ▁variations , ▁non linear ▁functional ▁analysis , ▁partial ▁differential ▁equations , ▁and ▁spectral ▁theory . ▁For ▁instance , ▁he ▁studied ▁several ▁non linear ▁models ▁for ▁atoms ▁and ▁mole cules ▁( e . g . ▁the ▁Multi - config ur ational ▁self - cons istent ▁field ▁and ▁Hart ree – F ock ▁methods ), ▁or ▁for ▁infinite ▁quantum ▁systems ▁( e . g . ▁in ▁quantum ▁field ▁theory ▁and ▁cond ensed ▁matter ). ▁ ▁Selection ▁of ▁papers ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Web ▁page ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : F rench ▁mathemat icians <0x0A> </s> ▁Marie ▁Ba um ▁( 2 3 ▁March ▁ 1 8 7 4 – ▁ 8 ▁August ▁ 1 9 6 4 ), ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁politician ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁( DD P ) ▁and ▁social ▁activ ist . ▁She ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁female ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁We imar ▁National ▁Assembly . ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁pione er ▁within ▁German ▁w elf are ▁and ▁workers ▁security . ▁ ▁Marie ▁Ba um ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Dan zig , ▁West ▁Pr uss ia , ▁German ▁Empire ▁( G da ń sk , ▁Poland ). ▁She ▁studied ▁chem istry ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Zürich , ▁where ▁she ▁met ▁Ric arda ▁H uch . ▁From ▁ 1 8 9 7 |
▁to ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁she ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁E TH ▁Zürich , ▁afterwards ▁she ▁moved ▁to ▁Berlin , ▁where ▁she ▁started ▁to ▁eng age ▁in ▁politics ▁and ▁social ▁w elf are ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 2 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁representing ▁the ▁German ▁Democratic ▁Party , ▁she ▁was ▁elected ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁We imar ▁National ▁Assembly ▁for ▁Schles wig - Hol stein . ▁ ▁Works ▁ ▁Grund r iss ▁der ▁Ges und heits für s orge , ▁München ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁ ▁Familien für s orge , ▁Kar ls ru he ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁ ▁Das ▁Familien leben ▁in ▁der ▁Gegen wart . ▁ 1 8 2 ▁Familien mon ograph ien , ▁Berlin ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁ ▁Rück b lick ▁auf ▁me in ▁Leben , ▁Heidel berg ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁ ▁Le uch ten de ▁Sp ur . ▁Das ▁Leben ▁Ric arda ▁H uchs , ▁T üb ingen ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁ ▁Aus ▁einem ▁Lebens bild ▁Anna ▁von ▁G ier kes , ▁in : ▁M äd chen bildung ▁und ▁Frau ensch affen , ▁He ft ▁ 2 / 1 9 5 2 , ▁Seiten ▁ 1 – 1 2 . ▁ ▁Anna ▁von ▁G ier ke . ▁Ein ▁Lebens bild , ▁Wein heim / Bas el ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁ ▁Introduction ▁to ▁The ▁Di ary ▁of ▁Anne ▁Frank , ▁Amsterdam ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 |
4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁death s ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁G da ń sk ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁West ▁Pr uss ia ▁Category : G erman ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁polit icians ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁We imar ▁National ▁Assembly ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁German ▁women ▁polit icians <0x0A> </s> ▁Out rage ous ▁ 9 1 1 ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁that ▁premier ed ▁on ▁the ▁T LC ▁cable ▁network , ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁The ▁series ▁features ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁str ang est ▁and ▁odd est ▁calls ▁to ▁police ▁during ▁m ish aps ▁and ▁acc idents . ▁ ▁Epis odes ▁ ▁Season ▁ 1 ▁( 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ) ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁American ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁American ▁television ▁series ▁deb uts ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : T LC ▁( TV ▁network ) ▁original ▁programming <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁Son oma ▁State ▁C oss acks ▁football ▁team ▁represented ▁Son oma ▁State ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁II ▁football ▁season . ▁Son oma ▁State ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁Northern ▁California ▁Athlet ic ▁Conference ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁C oss acks ▁were ▁led ▁by ▁third - year ▁head ▁coach ▁Frank ▁S cal er |
cio . ▁They ▁played ▁home ▁games ▁at ▁C oss acks ▁Stadium ▁in ▁R ohn ert ▁Park , ▁California . ▁Son oma ▁State ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁win less , ▁with ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁zero ▁wins , ▁eight ▁losses ▁and ▁one ▁tie ▁( 0 – 8 – 1 , ▁ 0 – 3 – 1 ▁NC AC ). ▁The ▁C oss acks ▁were ▁out sc ored ▁by ▁their ▁oppon ents ▁ 7 5 – 3 7 4 ▁for ▁the ▁season . ▁That ' s ▁an ▁average ▁score ▁of ▁ 7 – 4 4 ▁in ▁their ▁eight ▁losses . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁Team ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁NFL ▁The ▁following ▁Son oma ▁State ▁player ▁was ▁selected ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁NFL ▁D raft . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Son oma ▁State ▁C oss acks ▁Category : S on oma ▁State ▁C oss acks ▁football ▁seasons ▁Son oma ▁State ▁C oss acks ▁f <0x0A> </s> ▁Daw son ▁Park ▁is ▁a ▁park ▁in ▁north ▁Port land , ▁Oregon , ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁ 2 . 0 5 - acre ▁park , ▁located ▁at ▁NE ▁St anton ▁Street ▁and ▁North ▁Williams ▁Avenue , ▁was ▁acquired ▁by ▁Port land ▁Park s ▁& ▁Rec re ation ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁a ▁$ 2 . 6 ▁million ▁renov ation ▁began , ▁resulting ▁in ▁the ▁park ' s ▁closure ▁for ▁nearly ▁a ▁year . ▁City ▁officials , ▁aware ▁of ▁gent r ification ▁of |
▁the ▁surrounding ▁neighborhood , ▁used ▁community ▁input ▁to ▁avoid ▁ru ining ▁the ▁park ' s ▁role ▁as ▁a ▁gather ing ▁place ▁fav ored ▁by ▁African ▁Americans . ▁The ▁upgrad ed ▁park ▁now ▁includes ▁a ▁new ▁play ground ▁and ▁interactive ▁water ▁feature , ▁en hanced ▁access ibility ▁and ▁light ing , ▁and ▁new ▁bar bec ue ▁and ▁pic nic ▁areas . ▁Daw son ▁Park ▁also ▁includes ▁double - s ided ▁med all ions ▁designed ▁by ▁Is aka ▁Sh ams ud - D in , ▁featuring ▁traditional ▁African ▁patterns ▁on ▁one ▁side ▁and ▁dep ict ions ▁of ▁the ▁neighborhood ▁on ▁the ▁opposite ▁side . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁par ks ▁in ▁Port land , ▁Oregon ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Oregon ▁Category : E li ot , ▁Port land , ▁Oregon ▁Category : N orth ▁Port land , ▁Oregon ▁Category : P arks ▁in ▁Port land , ▁Oregon ▁Category : Pro te cted ▁areas ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁Te ijo ▁El or anta ▁( born ▁ 3 ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁in ▁Hels ink i , ▁Finland ) ▁is ▁a ▁Finn ish ▁actor ▁and ▁television ▁writer . ▁ ▁El or anta ▁began ▁his ▁career ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁in ▁television ▁appearing ▁chief ly ▁on ▁TV ▁between ▁then ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁However , ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁he ▁has ▁increasing ly ▁moved ▁into ▁film ▁his ▁most ▁recent ▁in ▁the |
▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁film ▁S ai pp u ap rin ss i ▁ ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁worked ▁with ▁actors ▁such ▁as ▁Mik ko ▁Le pp il amp i ▁and ▁Pam ela ▁T ola . ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : W rit ers ▁from ▁Hels ink i ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Finn ish ▁male ▁actors ▁Category : F inn ish ▁male ▁television ▁actors ▁Category : F inn ish ▁screen writ ers ▁Category : F inn ish ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : M ale ▁actors ▁from ▁Hels ink i <0x0A> </s> ▁Sand ness ▁( the ▁" d " ▁is ▁not ▁pron ounced ▁locally ) ▁is ▁a ▁head land ▁and ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁west ▁of ▁Sh et land ▁Main land , ▁Scotland . ▁Sand ness ▁was ▁a ▁civil ▁parish , ▁which ▁also ▁included ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁Papa ▁St our ▁some ▁ 1 6 0 0 ▁metres ▁north west ▁across ▁Papa ▁Sound . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 1 , ▁it ▁was ▁combined ▁with ▁W alls ▁to ▁the ▁south , ▁to ▁form ▁W alls ▁and ▁Sand ness ▁Par ish , ▁which ▁had ▁an ▁administrative ▁function ▁until ▁the ▁abol ition ▁of ▁Civil ▁par ishes ▁in ▁Scotland ▁by ▁the ▁Local ▁Government ▁( Sc ot land ) ▁Act ▁ 1 9 2 9 , ▁and ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁statistical ▁regional ▁unit ▁since . ▁Currently , ▁the ▁community ▁council ▁area ▁of ▁Sand ness ▁and ▁W alls ▁covers ▁about ▁the |
▁same ▁area . ▁The ▁ 1 8 7 8 ▁map ▁of ▁Sand ness ▁Par ish ▁shows ▁that ▁the ▁parish ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁was ▁A ith st ing , ▁before ▁it ▁was ▁included ▁into ▁Sand st ing ▁to ▁the ▁south . ▁ ▁The ▁head land ▁fl anks ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁of ▁Papa ▁Sound ▁near ▁Papa ▁St our ▁leading ▁into ▁St ▁Magn us ▁Bay ▁and ▁the ▁district ▁includes ▁the ▁head land ▁and ▁forms ▁the ▁main land ▁part ▁of ▁W alls ▁parish . ▁The ▁land ▁itself ▁is ▁fairly ▁fert ile ▁for ▁Sh et land ▁and ▁runs ▁from ▁Bou sta ▁to ▁H ux ter , ▁with ▁Nor by ▁and ▁Mel by ▁in ▁the ▁middle . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁three ▁churches , ▁with ▁only ▁two ▁still ▁in ▁use , ▁with ▁the ▁other ▁being ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁and ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁shed . ▁It ▁has ▁no ▁village ▁shop . ▁The ▁nearest ▁one ▁is ▁just ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁in ▁W alls . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁approximately ▁ 1 6 0 ▁residents ▁and ▁ 7 5 ▁inhab ited ▁houses . ▁ ▁The ▁ ▁sum mit ▁of ▁Sand ness ▁Hill ▁lies ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁village . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁has ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁small ▁business es , ▁including ▁a ▁bed ▁and ▁breakfast , ▁a ▁le ather ▁worker , ▁a ▁w ool en ▁mill , ▁a ▁b aker , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁Britain ' s ▁most ▁nor ther ly ▁veg box ▁scheme . ▁ ▁Notable ▁people ▁Christ ina ▁Jam ies on ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁local ▁writer ▁and ▁suff rag ist ▁was |
▁born ▁here ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 4 . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁The ▁original ▁article ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁ ▁Wilson , ▁Rev . ▁John ▁The ▁Gazette er ▁of ▁Scotland ▁( Ed inburgh , ▁ 1 8 8 2 ) ▁Pub lished ▁by ▁W . ▁& ▁A . K . ▁John stone ▁ ▁Category : Par ishes ▁of ▁Sh et land ▁Category : Land forms ▁of ▁Sh et land ▁Category : Head lands ▁of ▁Scotland ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Main land , ▁Sh et land <0x0A> </s> ▁Par lo k ▁is ▁a ▁European ▁manufact urer ▁of ▁mud gu ards ▁and ▁sp ray - supp ression ▁systems ▁for ▁the ▁commercial ▁vehicle ▁industry . ▁Its ▁products ▁are ▁sold ▁throughout ▁the ▁world ▁via ▁national ▁distrib utors . ▁Main ▁product ▁line ▁of ▁Par lo k ▁is ▁the ▁Sup ra ▁sp ray - supp ression ▁system . ▁Par lo k ' s ▁other ▁products ▁include ▁tool box es ▁and ▁other ▁pl astic ▁products . ▁ ▁Par lo k ▁Sup ra ▁sp ray - supp ression ▁system ▁ful fill s ▁the ▁requirements ▁of ▁EU - direct ives ▁and ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁granted ▁the ▁type ▁appro val ▁number ▁e 1 * 1 0 9 / 2 0 1 1 * 1 0 9 / 2 0 1 1 * 0 0 1 8 * 0 0 ▁by ▁Kraft fahrt - B undes amt . ▁ ▁O y ▁Par lo k ▁Ab ▁is ▁ISO - cert ified ▁for ▁its ▁quality ▁and ▁environmental ▁policy ▁( ISO ▁ 9 0 0 1 |
: 2 0 0 8 , ▁ISO ▁ 1 4 0 0 1 : 2 0 0 4 ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Man ufact uring ▁companies ▁of ▁Finland ▁Category : Autom ot ive ▁companies ▁of ▁Finland ▁Category : P arg as <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Freund lich ▁equation ▁or ▁Freund lich ▁ad s or ption ▁is oth erm , ▁an ▁ad s or ption ▁is oth erm , ▁is ▁an ▁empir ical ▁relation ▁between ▁the ▁concentration ▁of ▁a ▁sol ute ▁on ▁the ▁surface ▁of ▁an ▁ad s orb ent ▁to ▁the ▁concentration ▁of ▁the ▁sol ute ▁in ▁the ▁liquid ▁with ▁which ▁it ▁is ▁in ▁contact . ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 9 , ▁Herbert ▁Freund lich ▁gave ▁an ▁expression ▁representing ▁the ▁is oth erm al ▁variation ▁of ▁ad s or ption ▁of ▁a ▁quantity ▁of ▁gas ▁ad s or bed ▁by ▁unit ▁mass ▁of ▁solid ▁ad s orb ent ▁with ▁pressure . ▁This ▁equation ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁Freund lich ▁ad s or ption ▁is oth erm ▁or ▁Freund lich ▁ad s or ption ▁equation . ▁As ▁this ▁relationship ▁is ▁entirely ▁empir ical , ▁in ▁the ▁case ▁where ▁ad s or ption ▁behavior ▁can ▁be ▁properly ▁fit ▁by ▁is oth erm s ▁with ▁a ▁theoretical ▁basis , ▁it ▁is ▁usually ▁appropriate ▁to ▁use ▁such ▁is oth erm s ▁instead ▁( see ▁for ▁example ▁the ▁Lang mu ir ▁and ▁B ET ▁ad s or ption ▁theories ). ▁The ▁Freund lich ▁equation ▁is ▁also ▁derived ▁( non - emp |
ir ically ) ▁by ▁att rib uting ▁the ▁change ▁in ▁the ▁equilibrium ▁constant ▁of ▁the ▁binding ▁process ▁to ▁the ▁heter ogene ity ▁of ▁the ▁surface ▁and ▁the ▁variation ▁in ▁the ▁heat ▁of ▁ad s or ption .. ▁ ▁Freund lich ▁ad s or ption ▁is oth erm ▁ ▁The ▁Freund lich ▁ad s or ption ▁is oth erm ▁is ▁mathemat ically ▁expressed ▁as ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁written ▁as ▁▁▁ ▁or ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁written ▁as ▁▁▁ ▁where ▁ ▁x ▁= ▁mass ▁of ▁ad s orb ate ▁ ▁m ▁= ▁mass ▁of ▁ad s orb ent ▁p ▁= ▁Equ ilib rium ▁pressure ▁of ▁ad s orb ate ▁c ▁= ▁Equ ilib rium ▁concentration ▁of ▁ad s orb ate ▁in ▁solution . ▁K ▁and ▁n ▁are ▁constants ▁for ▁a ▁given ▁ad s orb ate ▁and ▁ad s orb ent ▁at ▁a ▁particular ▁temperature . ▁ ▁At ▁high ▁pressure ▁ 1 / n ▁ ▁= ▁ 0 , ▁hence ▁extent ▁of ▁ad s or ption ▁becomes ▁independent ▁of ▁pressure . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁used ▁in ▁cases ▁where ▁the ▁actual ▁identity ▁of ▁the ▁sol ute ▁is ▁not ▁known , ▁such ▁as ▁ad s or ption ▁of ▁colored ▁material ▁from ▁sugar , ▁veget able ▁oil ▁etc . ▁ ▁The ▁Freund lich ▁equation ▁is ▁unique ; ▁consequ ently , ▁if ▁the ▁data ▁fit ▁the ▁equation , ▁it ▁is ▁only ▁likely , ▁but ▁not ▁proved , ▁that ▁the ▁surface ▁is ▁heter ogeneous . ▁The ▁heter ogene ity ▁of ▁the ▁surface ▁can ▁be ▁confirmed ▁with ▁cal or imet ery |
. ▁Hom ogeneous ▁surfaces ▁( or ▁heter ogeneous ▁surfaces ▁that ▁exhib it ▁hom ogeneous ▁ad s or ption ▁( single ▁site )) ▁have ▁a ▁constant ▁ ▁of ▁ad s or ption . ▁On ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁heter ogen ous ▁ad s or ption ▁( multi - site ) ▁have ▁a ▁variable ▁ ▁of ▁ad s or ption ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁percent ▁of ▁sites ▁occupied . ▁When ▁the ▁ad s orb ate ▁pressure ▁( or ▁concentration ) ▁are ▁low , ▁high ▁energy ▁sites ▁will ▁be ▁occupied ; ▁and ▁as ▁the ▁pressure ▁( or ▁concentration ) ▁increases , ▁the ▁less er ▁energy ▁sites ▁will ▁be ▁occupied ▁resulting ▁in ▁a ▁lower ▁ ▁of ▁ad s or ption . ▁ ▁Lim itation ▁of ▁Freund lich ▁ad s or ption ▁is oth erm ▁ ▁Ex periment ally ▁it ▁was ▁determined ▁that ▁extent ▁of ▁gas ▁ad s or ption ▁var ies ▁directly ▁with ▁pressure , ▁and ▁then ▁it ▁directly ▁var ies ▁with ▁pressure ▁raised ▁to ▁the ▁power ▁ 1 / n ▁until ▁s atur ation ▁pressure ▁Ps ▁is ▁reached . ▁Bey ond ▁that ▁point , ▁the ▁rate ▁of ▁ad s or ption ▁s atur ates ▁even ▁after ▁applying ▁higher ▁pressure . ▁Thus , ▁the ▁Freund lich ▁ad s or ption ▁is oth erm ▁fails ▁at ▁higher ▁pressure . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Lang mu ir ▁ad s or ption ▁model ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : Ch rom at ography <0x0A> </s> ▁Ay ş e ▁M eli ha ▁U la ş ▁Ek eman |
▁( 1 9 0 1 ▁– ▁ 1 7 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 2 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Turkish ▁politician . ▁ ▁Biography ▁▁ ▁Ay ş e ▁M eli ha ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Sin op ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 1 . ▁She ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁Department ▁of ▁Liter ature ▁in ▁ ▁Dar ül f ün un , ▁today ▁Ist an bul ▁University . ▁She ▁was ▁fl uent ▁in ▁French ▁and ▁English ▁languages . ▁She ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁literary ▁teacher ▁at ▁K and illi ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁ ▁Ist an bul , ▁five ▁years ▁as ▁a ▁teacher ▁of ▁literature ▁at ▁Girls ' ▁Mu il im ▁School ▁in ▁Erz ur um ▁and ▁S ams un ▁High ▁School . ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁general ▁elections ▁held ▁on ▁ 8 ▁February ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁ 1 7 ▁women ▁deput ies ▁entered ▁the ▁Grand ▁National ▁Assembly ▁of ▁Turkey ▁including ▁M eli ha ▁U la ş . ▁She ▁entered ▁the ▁parliament ▁as ▁a ▁deput y ▁of ▁S ams un ▁from ▁the ▁Republican ▁People ' s ▁Party ▁( CH P ). ▁She ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁and ▁ 6 th ▁Parliament ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁female ▁deput y ▁of ▁S ams un . ▁ ▁U la ş ▁Ek eman ▁died ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Sin op , ▁Turkey ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Dar ül f ün un ▁Category : T urk |
ish ▁school te ach ers ▁Category : T urk ish ▁women ▁in ▁politics ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁women ▁polit icians ▁Category : Rep ublic an ▁People ' s ▁Party ▁( T ur key ) ▁polit icians ▁Category : De put ies ▁of ▁S ams un ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 th ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Turkey ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 th ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Turkey ▁Category : 1 9 4 1 ▁death s ▁Category : W omen ' s ▁suff rage ▁in ▁Turkey <0x0A> </s> ▁Dr . ▁Fe el good ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Music ▁Dr . ▁Fe el good ▁( band ), ▁a ▁British ▁pub ▁rock ▁band ▁Dr . ▁Fe el good , ▁recording ▁and ▁alternative ▁stage ▁name ▁of ▁P iano ▁Red ▁( 1 9 1 1 – 1 9 8 5 ), ▁American ▁music ian ▁Dr . ▁Fe el good ▁( album ), ▁a ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁album ▁by ▁the ▁American ▁band ▁M öt ley ▁Cr ü e ▁" Dr . ▁Fe el good ▁( L ove ▁Is ▁a ▁Ser ious ▁Business )", ▁a ▁song ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁album ▁I ▁Never ▁L oved ▁a ▁Man ▁the ▁Way ▁I ▁Love ▁You ▁by ▁Are tha ▁Franklin ▁" Dr . ▁Fe el good " ▁( M öt ley ▁Cr ü e ▁song ), ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁" Dr . ▁Fe el good " ▁( C ool ▁James ▁and ▁Black ▁Te acher ▁song ), ▁ 1 9 9 4 |
▁" Dr . ▁Fe el ▁Good ", ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁song ▁by ▁Tra vie ▁Mc Co y ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Laz arus ▁ ▁People ▁Robert ▁Fre ym ann , ▁German - born ▁Manh attan ▁phys ician , ▁the ▁possible ▁subject ▁of ▁the ▁Beat les ▁song ▁" Do ctor ▁Robert " ▁ ▁Max ▁Jacob son , ▁John ▁F . ▁Kennedy ' s ▁personal ▁phys ician ▁The odor ▁Mor ell , ▁Adolf ▁Hitler ' s ▁personal ▁phys ician ▁George ▁C . ▁Nich op oul os , ▁El vis ▁Pres ley ' s ▁personal ▁phys ician ▁ ▁Other ▁uses ▁" Dr . ▁Fe el good ", ▁an ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁TV ▁show ▁Moon light <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁Pet ty ▁( 1 6 2 0 – 1 6 8 7 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁econom ist , ▁scient ist ▁and ▁phil os opher . ▁ ▁William ▁Pet ty ▁or ▁William ▁Pet ty - F itz ma ur ice ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : ▁William ▁Pet ty , ▁ 2 nd ▁Earl ▁of ▁Sh el bur ne ▁( 1 7 3 7 – 1 8 0 5 ), ▁great - grand son ▁of ▁William ▁Pet ty , ▁and ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁from ▁ 1 7 8 2 – 8 3 ▁William ▁Pet ty - F itz M aur ice , ▁Earl ▁of ▁Ker ry ▁( 1 8 1 1 – 1 8 3 6 ), ▁grand son ▁of ▁the ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁William ▁G . ▁Pet ty ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 9 ), ▁judge ▁of |
▁the ▁Virginia ▁Court ▁of ▁App e als <0x0A> </s> ▁Sk å de ▁is ▁a ▁neighbourhood ▁of ▁H ø jb jer g , ▁a ▁southern ▁district ▁of ▁A ar hus ▁in ▁Den mark . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁ 6 km ▁south ▁from ▁the ▁city ▁centre . ▁▁ ▁Sk å de ▁is ▁the ▁highest ▁lying ▁area ▁in ▁A ar hus ▁municipality , ▁with ▁hills ▁like ▁J el sh ø j ▁( 1 2 8 ▁metres ) ▁and ▁S ø ster h ø j ▁( 1 1 2 ▁metres ). ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁The ▁built ▁up ▁area ▁of ▁Sk å de ▁is ▁almost ▁exclus ively ▁resident ial , ▁but ▁the ▁neighbourhood ▁also ▁compr ise ▁a ▁larger ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Mar sel is borg ▁For ests , ▁known ▁as ▁Sk å de ▁Sk ov . ▁Sk å de ▁Sk ov ▁includes ▁the ▁park ▁like ▁area ▁of ▁H ør h aven . ▁The ▁Mo es g år d ▁estate ▁is ▁also ▁situated ▁in ▁Sk å de ▁and ▁compr ise ▁the ▁Mo es g år d ▁Man or , ▁Mo es g år d ▁Museum , ▁the ▁forest ▁area ▁of ▁Mo es g år d ▁Sk ov , ▁and ▁Mo es g år d ▁beach . ▁▁ ▁Notable ▁points ▁of ▁interest ▁in ▁Sk å de ▁includes : ▁▁ ▁Sk å de ▁Bak ker Lar ger ▁aff lu ent ▁resident ial ▁area ▁with ▁large ▁m ans ions . ▁ ▁Hand els f ag sk olen ▁K urs us center ▁Cour se ▁center ▁near ▁S ø ster h ø j |
▁with ▁voc ational ▁courses ▁and ▁training ▁in ▁the ▁fields ▁of ▁trade ▁and ▁commerce . Not able ▁brut al ist ▁architecture ▁designed ▁by ▁Fri is ▁& ▁Mol t ke ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁▁ ▁A ar hus ▁Efter sk ole An ▁efter sk ole ▁since ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁ ▁Dia kon h ø j sk olen ▁( De acon al ▁Fol k ▁High ▁School ) ▁▁ ▁Sk atte center ▁A ar hus M unicip al ▁tax ▁centre . ▁ ▁S ø ster h ø j A ▁hill top ▁with ▁a ▁land mark ▁radio ▁and ▁TV ▁anten na . ▁ ▁J el sh ø j The ▁highest ▁hill ▁in ▁the ▁municipality . ▁ ▁Sk å de ▁Sk ov Part ▁of ▁the ▁Mar sel is borg ▁For ests . ▁ ▁H ør h aven A ▁park ▁like ▁area ▁of ▁Sk å de ▁Sk ov . ▁ ▁Mo es g år d ▁Museum ▁ ▁Mo es g år d ▁Man or ▁ ▁Mo es g år d ▁Forest ▁Mill ▁ ▁Mo es g år d ▁Beach Pop ular ▁destination ▁in ▁the ▁summer . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Sk å de ▁was ▁originally ▁a ▁small ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁A ar hus ▁coun tr ys ide , ▁but ▁has ▁now ▁merged ▁with ▁the ▁city . ▁The ▁administrative ▁division ▁of ▁Sk å de ▁has ▁been ▁en larg ed ▁several ▁times ▁since ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 8 0 0 s . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁S ources ▁▁ ▁H ø jb jer g ▁Hol me |
▁L okal histor iske ▁Ark iv ▁Archive ▁on ▁local ▁history ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : Ne igh bor hood s ▁of ▁A ar hus <0x0A> </s> ▁Daniel ▁Lam bert ▁( born ▁January ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁retired ▁professional ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁who ▁played ▁ 2 9 ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League ▁( N HL ) ▁for ▁the ▁Quebec ▁Nord iques . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁currently ▁assistant ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Nash ville ▁Pred ators ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League . ▁ ▁Early ▁career ▁Lam bert ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁community ▁of ▁St . ▁Mal o , ▁in ▁sout he astern ▁Man it oba , ▁and ▁played ▁his ▁minor ▁hockey ▁in ▁St . ▁Mal o , ▁Stein bach , ▁and ▁Ste . ▁Anne . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁one ▁season ▁of ▁high ▁school ▁hockey ▁in ▁War road , ▁Minnesota , ▁before ▁joining ▁the ▁Swift ▁Current ▁Bron cos ▁of ▁the ▁Western ▁Hockey ▁League ▁as ▁a ▁ 1 6 - year - old ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁Mid way ▁into ▁his ▁first ▁season ▁with ▁the ▁Bron cos , ▁the ▁team ▁bus ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁a ▁fatal ▁crash ▁that ▁claimed ▁the ▁lives ▁of ▁four ▁Bron cos ▁players ▁( L am bert ▁was ▁not ▁on ▁the ▁bus ). ▁ ▁Lam bert ▁rec alls ▁playing ▁through ▁the ▁gr ief ▁that ▁season ▁and ▁making ▁the ▁play offs ▁as ▁his ▁proud est ▁hockey ▁memory . ▁▁ ▁Two ▁seasons ▁later , ▁he ▁scored ▁an ▁incred ible ▁ 1 0 |
2 ▁points ▁in ▁just ▁ 5 7 ▁regular ▁season ▁games . ▁ ▁The ▁Bron cos ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Memorial ▁Cup ▁that ▁season ; ▁Lam bert ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁Most ▁Val u able ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁tournament . ▁ ▁His ▁ 2 4 4 ▁career ▁ass ists ▁stands ▁as ▁a ▁franch ise ▁record . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁Lam bert ▁was ▁draft ed ▁ 1 0 6 th ▁overall ▁by ▁the ▁Quebec ▁Nord iques ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁N HL ▁Entry ▁D raft . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Lam bert ▁split ▁his ▁time ▁between ▁the ▁Fort ▁Wayne ▁Kom ets ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Hockey ▁League , ▁Hal if ax ▁Cit ad els ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁Hockey ▁League , ▁and ▁Nord iques . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 2 9 ▁games ▁for ▁the ▁Nord iques , ▁scoring ▁ 1 5 ▁points . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Lam bert ▁was ▁trad ed ▁to ▁the ▁W inn ip eg ▁J ets ▁and ▁spent ▁the ▁entire ▁ 1 9 9 2 - 9 3 ▁season ▁with ▁the ▁Mon ct on ▁Haw ks , ▁their ▁A HL ▁affili ate . ▁ ▁Lam bert ▁did ▁not ▁play ▁a ▁game ▁in ▁the ▁N HL ▁that ▁season ▁and ▁decided ▁to ▁leave ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁Finland ▁after ▁the ▁season ▁ended . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁only ▁ 1 3 ▁games ▁there ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁North ▁American ▁to ▁play ▁for ▁the ▁Kom ets ▁in ▁ |
1 9 9 3 - 9 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁Lam bert ▁joined ▁the ▁San ▁Diego ▁G ull s ▁of ▁the ▁I HL . ▁ ▁The ▁team ▁played ▁one ▁season ▁in ▁San ▁Diego ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁for ▁one ▁season , ▁and ▁finally ▁settled ▁in ▁Long ▁Beach , ▁California ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁Long ▁Beach ▁Ice ▁D ogs . ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁five ▁seasons ▁with ▁franch ise , ▁Lam bert ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁I HL ' s ▁premier ▁def enc eman , ▁scoring ▁ 3 0 8 ▁points ▁in ▁ 3 5 3 ▁games . ▁▁ ▁He ▁was ▁named ▁an ▁all - star ▁four ▁times ▁and ▁received ▁the ▁Governor ' s ▁Tro phy ▁as ▁the ▁league ' s ▁top ▁def enc eman ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁led ▁all ▁def enc emen ▁in ▁scoring ▁twice . ▁ ▁Lam bert ▁signed ▁a ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁K ref eld ▁P ingu ine ▁of ▁the ▁Deutsche ▁E ish ockey ▁Liga ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁helping ▁the ▁Sh arks ▁win ▁the ▁Sp eng ler ▁Cup ▁that ▁season . ▁After ▁one ▁season ▁in ▁C ologne , ▁he ▁played ▁three ▁with ▁the ▁K ref eld ▁P ingu ine , ▁one ▁with ▁the ▁Hamburg ▁Free z ers ▁and ▁five ▁with ▁the ▁Hannover ▁Sc orp ions . ▁Lam bert ▁helped ▁lead ▁K ref eld ▁to ▁a ▁DE L ▁championship ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁Lam bert ▁retired ▁from ▁professional ▁hockey ▁in ▁ 2 |
0 0 9 . ▁ ▁International ▁competition ▁Lam bert ▁had ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁play ▁for ▁Canada ▁on ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁occasions ▁in ▁international ▁competition , ▁most ▁not ably ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁World ▁Junior ▁Championships ▁in ▁An ch orage , ▁Al aska . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Lam bert ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁Team ▁Canada ' s ▁captain ▁for ▁the ▁Deutschland ▁Cup . ▁ ▁Co aching ▁career ▁After ▁ret iring ▁as ▁a ▁player ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Lam bert ▁joined ▁the ▁Kel own a ▁Rock ets ▁organization , ▁first ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁and ▁then ▁as ▁the ▁head ▁coach . ▁ ▁As ▁head ▁coach , ▁he ▁led ▁the ▁Rock ets ▁to ▁a ▁runner - up ▁finish ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Memorial ▁Cup . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁Canada ' s ▁three ▁head ▁coach es ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁World ▁Under - 1 7 ▁Hockey ▁Challenge . ▁ ▁Lam bert ▁was ▁h ired ▁as ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁by ▁the ▁Buff alo ▁Sab res ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁On ▁May ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁in ▁a ▁re organ ization ▁within ▁the ▁Sab res ▁co aching ▁staff , ▁Lam bert ▁was ▁assigned ▁head ▁co aching ▁duties ▁of ▁the ▁Ro chester ▁Americans . ▁Lam bert ▁was ▁fired ▁as ▁Amer ks ▁head ▁coach ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 - 1 7 ▁season ▁but ▁was ▁then |
▁h ired ▁to ▁coach ▁the ▁Sp ok ane ▁Chief s ▁of ▁the ▁Western ▁Hockey ▁League . ▁ ▁After ▁two ▁seasons ▁as ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁Sp ok ane ▁Chief s , ▁Lam bert ▁left ▁the ▁organization ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁to ▁become ▁an ▁assistant ▁coach ▁with ▁the ▁Nash ville ▁Pred ators . ▁ ▁Personal ▁Lam bert ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Mel anie , ▁have ▁three ▁daughters . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Profile ▁at ▁Swift ▁Current ▁Bron cos ▁Website ▁Profile ▁at ▁Kel own a ▁Rock ets ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : B uff alo ▁Sab res ▁coach es ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁ice ▁hockey ▁def enc emen ▁Category : F ort ▁Wayne ▁Kom ets ▁players ▁Category : Fran co - Man it ob an ▁people ▁Category : H al if ax ▁Cit ad els ▁players ▁Category : H amb urg ▁Free z ers ▁players ▁Category : H ann over ▁Sc orp ions ▁players ▁Category : H IF K ▁( ice ▁hockey ) ▁players ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁people ▁from ▁Man it oba ▁Category : K el own a ▁Rock ets ▁coach es ▁Category : K öl ner ▁Ha ie ▁players ▁Category : K ref eld ▁P ingu ine ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Long ▁Beach ▁Ice ▁D ogs ▁( I HL ) ▁players ▁Category : Los ▁Angeles ▁Ice ▁D ogs ▁players ▁Category : Mem orial ▁Cup ▁w inners ▁Category : Mon ct on ▁Haw ks ▁players ▁Category |
: N ash ville ▁Pred ators ▁coach es ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Saint ▁Bon if ace , ▁W inn ip eg ▁Category : Que bec ▁Nord iques ▁draft ▁pick s ▁Category : Que bec ▁Nord iques ▁players ▁Category : R och ester ▁Americans ▁coach es ▁Category : San ▁Diego ▁G ull s ▁( I HL ) ▁players ▁Category : Sp ok ane ▁Chief s ▁coach es ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁W inn ip eg ▁Category : Sw ift ▁Current ▁Bron cos ▁players ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁exp atri ate ▁ice ▁hockey ▁players ▁in ▁Finland ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁exp atri ate ▁ice ▁hockey ▁players ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁ice ▁hockey ▁coach es <0x0A> </s> ▁R ham ph omy ia ▁phys opro ct a ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁dance ▁f lies , ▁in ▁the ▁fly ▁family ▁Emp id idae . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Emp id idae ▁Category : In sect s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 3 ▁Category : As il omorph ▁f lies ▁of ▁Europe <0x0A> </s> ▁August ▁S ack en heim ▁( 5 ▁August ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁– ▁ 1 9 ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁international ▁footballer . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 0 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁for wards ▁Category : G erman ▁football ers ▁Category : G erm any ▁international ▁football ers <0x0A> </s> ▁__ NOT OC |
__ ▁Year ▁ 3 6 0 ▁( CC CL X ) ▁was ▁a ▁le ap ▁year ▁starting ▁on ▁Saturday ▁( link ▁will ▁display ▁the ▁full ▁calendar ) ▁of ▁the ▁Julian ▁calendar . ▁At ▁the ▁time , ▁it ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Year ▁of ▁the ▁Cons ul ship ▁of ▁Constant ius ▁and ▁I ul ian us ▁( or , ▁less ▁frequently , ▁year ▁ 1 1 1 3 ▁Ab ▁ur be ▁cond ita ). ▁The ▁den om ination ▁ 3 6 0 ▁for ▁this ▁year ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁since ▁the ▁early ▁medieval ▁period , ▁when ▁the ▁An no ▁Dom ini ▁calendar ▁era ▁became ▁the ▁pre val ent ▁method ▁in ▁Europe ▁for ▁naming ▁years . ▁ ▁Events ▁▁ ▁By ▁place ▁▁▁ ▁Roman ▁Empire ▁▁ ▁February ▁– ▁Julian , ▁Roman ▁Ca esar , ▁is ▁proc laimed ▁em peror ▁by ▁the ▁Gall ic ▁leg ions ▁in ▁L ut et ia ▁( mod ern ▁Paris ), ▁at ▁the ▁Th erm es ▁de ▁Cl un y . ▁They ▁refuse ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁eastern ▁campaign ▁against ▁King ▁Sh ap ur ▁II ▁of ▁Pers ia , ▁and ▁revol t . ▁ ▁The ▁Al am anni ▁ra id ▁Ra et ia ▁( Sw itzerland ), ▁but ▁are ▁pushed ▁back ▁behind ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁by ▁Julian , ▁into ▁the ▁Black ▁Forest . ▁ ▁King ▁Sh ap ur ▁II ▁continues ▁his ▁campaign ▁against ▁the ▁Roman ▁for tr esses , ▁capt uring ▁Sing ara , ▁Bez ab de ▁and ▁N is ib is . ▁ ▁Emperor ▁Constant ius ▁II ▁and ▁Julian ▁exchange ▁several ▁letters , |
▁both ▁hoping ▁to ▁avoid ▁a ▁civil ▁war . ▁▁ ▁Europe ▁▁ ▁The ▁H uns ▁in va de ▁Europe ▁by ▁the ▁thousands , ▁spread ing ▁terror ▁as ▁they ▁take ▁over ▁territ ories ▁held ▁for ▁gener ations ▁by ▁Al ans , ▁Her uls , ▁Ost rog oth s ▁and ▁Vis ig oth s . ▁▁ ▁Asia ▁▁▁ ▁By ▁topic ▁▁▁ ▁Agricult ure ▁▁ ▁Roman ▁authorities ▁in ▁Britain ▁export ▁whe at ▁to ▁supply ▁the ▁leg ions ▁on ▁the ▁Rh ine ; ▁they ▁have ▁encourag ed ▁production ▁of ▁whe at ▁for ▁that ▁purpose . ▁▁ ▁Religion ▁▁ ▁Council ▁of ▁Constantin ople ▁( 3 6 0 ): ▁Emperor ▁Constant ius ▁II ▁requests ▁a ▁church ▁council , ▁at ▁Constantin ople ; ▁both ▁the ▁eastern ▁and ▁western ▁b ish ops ▁attend ▁the ▁meeting . ▁Ul fil as ▁also ▁att ends ▁the ▁council ▁and ▁end ors es ▁the ▁resulting ▁cre ed . ▁After ▁the ▁council ▁several ▁hom o ious ian ▁b ish ops ▁are ▁de posed ▁or ▁ban ished , ▁including ▁Mac ed on ius ▁I ▁of ▁Constantin ople ▁and ▁Cy ril ▁of ▁Jerusalem . ▁ ▁At ▁about ▁this ▁date , ▁Lig ug é ▁Ab bey ▁in ▁France ▁is ▁founded ▁for ▁the ▁mon astic ▁Order ▁of ▁Saint ▁Bened ict ▁by ▁Martin ▁of ▁T ours , ▁under ▁disp ens ation ▁from ▁Bishop ▁Hil ary ▁of ▁Po it iers . ▁ ▁B irth s ▁▁ ▁John ▁Cass ian , ▁Des ert ▁Father ▁and ▁Christian ▁saint ▁( appro xim ate ▁date ) ▁ ▁Saint ▁Mes rob , ▁Armen ian ▁mon k ▁and ▁the olog |
ian ▁( appro xim ate ▁date ) ▁ ▁Saint ▁Nin ian , ▁mission ary ▁to ▁Scotland ▁( appro xim ate ▁date ) ▁ ▁T ao ▁Sh eng , ▁Chinese ▁Buddh ist ▁scholar ▁( appro xim ate ▁date ) ▁ ▁Wang ▁F ah ui , ▁em press ▁during ▁the ▁Jin ▁D ynast y ▁( d . ▁ 3 8 0 ) ▁ ▁Death s ▁▁▁ ▁May ▁ 4 ▁– ▁Jud as ▁Cy ri ac us , ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁priest ▁and ▁saint ▁ ▁October ▁ 1 4 ▁– ▁Ga udent ius ▁of ▁R im ini , ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁priest ▁and ▁saint ▁ ▁November ▁ 1 1 ▁– ▁Abr am ios ▁the ▁Rec l use , ▁By z antine ▁Orth odox ▁priest ▁and ▁saint ▁ ▁December ▁ 1 8 ▁– ▁A ux ent ius ▁of ▁M op su est ia , ▁By z antine ▁Orth odox ▁priest ▁and ▁saint ▁ ▁Date ▁Un known ▁▁ ▁E use b ius ▁of ▁Em esa , ▁By z antine ▁Orth odox ▁bishop ▁and ▁saint ▁( b . ▁ 2 9 0 ) ▁ ▁Mur ong ▁Jun , ▁em peror ▁of ▁the ▁Form er ▁Yan ▁( b . ▁ 3 1 9 ) ▁ ▁References <0x0A> </s> ▁East ▁F ork ▁of ▁West ▁F ork ▁M oj ave ▁River ▁is ▁a ▁trib ut ary ▁stream ▁of ▁the ▁West ▁F ork ▁M oj ave ▁River , ▁itself ▁a ▁trib ut ary ▁of ▁the ▁M oj ave ▁River , ▁in ▁the ▁San ▁Bernard ino ▁Mountains ▁of ▁San ▁Bernard ino ▁County , ▁California . ▁ |
▁Its ▁mouth ▁originally ▁was ▁at ▁its ▁confl u ence ▁with ▁the ▁West ▁F ork ▁M oj ave ▁River ▁which ▁is ▁now ▁sub mer ged ▁under ▁Lake ▁Silver wood ▁. ▁ ▁It ▁now ▁lies ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 3 , 3 7 6 ▁feet ▁/ ▁ 1 , 0 2 9 ▁meters ▁at ▁its ▁confl u ence ▁with ▁that ▁lake . ▁ ▁The ▁source ▁of ▁the ▁East ▁F ork ▁is ▁at ▁ ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 5 , 5 0 0 ▁feet ▁in ▁T win ▁Pe aks , ▁California . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁West ▁F ork ▁M oj ave ▁River ▁West ▁F ork ▁M oj ave ▁River ▁West ▁F ork ▁M oj ave ▁River ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Southern ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁G utt orm ▁Sch jel der up ▁( born ▁ 1 5 ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 1 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Norwegian ▁econom ist . ▁ ▁He ▁graduated ▁as ▁s iv . ø k . ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁and ▁cand . oe con . ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁from ▁the ▁Norwegian ▁School ▁of ▁Econom ics . ▁He ▁took ▁the ▁doctor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁with ▁the ▁th esis ▁Five ▁Ess ays ▁on ▁Tax ▁Policy ▁in ▁an ▁Open ▁Econom y . ▁He ▁became ▁associate ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁Norwegian ▁School ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁and ▁Business ▁Administration ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁and ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁professor ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁been |
▁a ▁visit ing ▁scholar ▁at ▁the ▁Cambridge ▁University ▁and ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Colorado ▁at ▁B ould er , ▁and ▁has ▁ref ere ed ▁articles ▁in ▁several ▁publications , ▁including ▁The ▁American ▁Econom ic ▁Review . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Norwegian ▁property ▁tax ▁committee ▁which ▁proposed ▁that ▁all ▁land ▁was ▁el ig ible ▁for ▁property ▁tax ation ▁and ▁that ▁local ▁municipal ities ▁should ▁be ▁allowed ▁to ▁set ▁their ▁own ▁local ▁property ▁tax es ▁within ▁limits . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁several ▁public ▁comm itte es , ▁chair ing ▁the ▁Sh ipping ▁Tax ▁Committee ▁that ▁delivered ▁the ▁report ▁NO U ▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁ 4 . ▁and ▁also ▁chair ing ▁the ▁government ▁committee ▁on ▁tax ▁ha vens ▁and ▁development ▁( NO U ▁ 2 0 0 9 : ▁ 1 9 ). ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁econom ists ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁School ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁al umn i ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁School ▁of ▁Econom ics ▁fac ulty <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Mer cedes - B enz ▁O M 6 0 1 ▁engine ▁is ▁a ▁ 4 ▁cyl inder ▁dies el ▁autom obile ▁engine ▁that ▁was ▁manufact ured ▁by ▁Mer cedes - B enz . ▁ ▁Three ▁variants ▁of ▁the ▁engine ▁were ▁built : ▁a ▁ ▁model , ▁a ▁ ▁version ▁built ▁for ▁the ▁US ▁market , ▁and ▁a ▁ ▁for ▁commercial ▁vehicles . |
▁The ▁first ▁two ▁were ▁r ated ▁by ▁the ▁manufact urer ▁for ▁ ▁at ▁ 4 2 0 0 R PM ▁and ▁ ▁of ▁tor que ▁at ▁ 2 8 0 0 R PM ; ▁the ▁increase ▁in ▁disp lacement ▁reduced ▁em issions ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁meet ▁US ▁autom obile ▁em issions ▁requirements . ▁The ▁commercial ▁vehicle ▁version ▁had ▁ ▁in ▁standard ▁variants , ▁the ▁tur bo charg ed ▁version ▁( OM 6 0 1 . 9 7 0 ) ▁in ▁the ▁V 2 3 0 ▁T D ▁and ▁V ito ▁ 1 1 0 D ▁had ▁. ▁ ▁The ▁O M 6 0 1 ▁was ▁built ▁with ▁an ▁al umin um ▁head ▁on ▁an ▁iron ▁block . ▁ ▁The ▁cam sh aft s ▁and ▁fuel ▁injection ▁p ump ▁are ▁driven ▁by ▁a ▁du plex ▁chain ▁from ▁the ▁c rank sh aft . ▁A ▁separate ▁single ▁row ▁chain ▁drives ▁the ▁oil ▁p ump ▁from ▁the ▁c rank sh aft . ▁ ▁F uel ▁supply ▁is ▁indirect ▁injection ▁via ▁a ▁pre ch am ber ▁arrangement . ▁The ▁O M - 6 0 1 ' s ▁injection ▁p ump ▁is ▁a ▁mechanical ▁fuel ▁injection ▁unit ▁with ▁a ▁ 5 , 1 5 0 ▁R PM ▁(+ ▁or ▁- ▁ 5 0 ▁R PM ) ▁mechanical ▁governor , ▁automatic ▁alt itude ▁compens ation , ▁and ▁a ▁' load ▁sens ing ' ▁automatic ▁idle ▁speed ▁control . ▁The ▁p ump ▁is ▁lub ric ated ▁by ▁a ▁connection ▁to ▁the ▁engine ▁oil ▁circul ation . ▁ ▁Use |
▁of ▁the ▁block ▁he ater ▁was ▁recommended ▁in ▁clim ates ▁where ▁it ▁dro ps ▁below ▁ ▁for ▁long ▁periods . ▁▁ ▁The ▁engine ▁was ▁used ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 8 D ▁ 3 0 8 D ▁and ▁ 4 0 8 D ▁Mer cedes - B enz ▁T 1 ▁and ▁later ▁the ▁Ph ase ▁ 1 ▁ 3 0 8 D ▁Mer cedes - B enz ▁Spr inter ▁ ▁Im ages ▁ ▁O M 6 0 1 ▁Category : D ies el ▁engines ▁by ▁model ▁ ▁Category : In line - four ▁engines <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Rio ▁V ista ▁Bridge ▁( o fficial ly ▁the ▁Helen ▁Mad ere ▁Memorial ▁Bridge ) ▁is ▁a ▁continuous ▁tr uss ▁span ▁with ▁a ▁vertical - l ift ▁bridge ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁which ▁car ries ▁California ▁State ▁Route ▁ 1 2 ▁across ▁the ▁Sac r amento ▁River ▁at ▁Rio ▁V ista , ▁California . ▁The ▁present ▁bridge ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁and ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁several ▁move able ▁brid ges ▁sp anning ▁rivers ▁in ▁the ▁Sac r amento – San ▁Jo aqu in ▁River ▁D elta . ▁It ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁Helen ▁Mad ere , ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁vice - may or ▁of ▁Rio ▁V ista . ▁ ▁the ▁bridge ▁car ries ▁approximately ▁ 2 1 , 0 0 0 ▁cars ▁per ▁day . ▁▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁bas c ule ▁bridge ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁bridge ▁sp anning ▁the ▁Sac r amento ▁River ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁and |
▁opened ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁at ▁a ▁cost ▁of ▁. ▁From ▁west ▁to ▁east , ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁bridge ▁consisted ▁of ▁a ▁ ▁concrete ▁tied ▁arch , ▁the ▁ ▁Stra uss ▁double - leaf ▁bas c ule , ▁three ▁ ▁concrete ▁tied ▁arch es ▁and ▁ ▁tim ber ▁A - frame ▁tr est le ▁sp ans . ▁▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁tower ▁bridge ▁The ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁bridge ▁was ▁replaced ▁during ▁sevent een ▁years ▁of ▁piece wise ▁construction . ▁The ▁finished ▁ 1 9 4 3 – 1 9 6 0 ▁bridge ▁consists ▁of ▁th ir teen ▁steel ▁Warren ▁tr uss ▁sp ans ▁( with ▁one ▁of ▁those ▁being ▁the ▁ ▁vertical - l ift ▁ch ord ed ▁Warren ▁tr uss ▁main ▁span ) ▁carried ▁on ▁twelve ▁pi ers . ▁Total ▁bridge ▁length ▁is ▁, ▁including ▁ ▁of ▁concrete ▁sl ab ▁approach ▁sp ans ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁bridge . ▁Upon ▁completion , ▁the ▁Rio ▁V ista ▁bridge ▁won ▁an ▁American ▁Institute ▁of ▁Ste el ▁Const ruction ▁class ▁IV ▁( mov able ▁brid ges ) ▁prize ▁bridge ▁award ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁lift ▁span ▁we igh s ▁, ▁with ▁an ▁equal ▁amount ▁in ▁counter we ights , ▁so ▁the ▁lift ▁mechanism ▁oper ates ▁ ▁using ▁two ▁ ▁electric ▁mot ors , ▁one ▁in ▁each ▁tower . ▁In ▁the ▁event ▁of ▁elect rical ▁failure , ▁backup ▁elect rical ▁power ▁is ▁provided ▁by ▁a ▁ ▁dies el ▁generator |
▁set . ▁The ▁main ▁lift ▁span ▁can ▁be ▁raised ▁to ▁its ▁full ▁height ▁in ▁less ▁than ▁ 9 0 ▁seconds , ▁although ▁the ▁total ▁operating ▁cycle ▁can ▁dis rupt ▁road ▁traffic ▁for ▁ 8 – 2 5 ▁minutes . ▁Clear ance ▁under ▁the ▁raised ▁lift ▁is ▁ ▁to ▁the ▁highest ▁anticip ated ▁water ▁level , ▁and ▁the ▁navigation ▁channel ▁is ▁ ▁wide ▁between ▁the ▁tim ber ▁f enders ▁protect ing ▁the ▁tower ▁pi ers . ▁With ▁the ▁lift ▁down , ▁vertical ▁clear ance ▁is ▁only ▁. ▁ ▁Const ruction ▁ 1 9 4 3 – 1 9 6 0 ▁Less ▁than ▁thirty ▁years ▁after ▁being ▁completed , ▁the ▁eastern ▁tim ber ▁tr est les ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁bridge ▁were ▁in ▁poor ▁condition , ▁and ▁construction ▁of ▁replacement ▁steel ▁tr uss es ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 . ▁Const ruction ▁of ▁the ▁ ▁eastern ▁steel ▁tr uss ▁section , ▁consisting ▁of ▁seven ▁ ▁tr uss ▁sp ans , ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁at ▁a ▁cost ▁of ▁, ▁and ▁traffic ▁was ▁di vert ed ▁from ▁the ▁tim ber ▁tr est les ▁onto ▁the ▁steel ▁tr uss es ▁with ▁a ▁c ros so ver . ▁ ▁The ▁US ▁Corps ▁of ▁Engine ers ▁author ized ▁replacement ▁of ▁the ▁remaining ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁bridge ▁on ▁ 2 ▁February ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁with ▁contract s ▁awarded ▁for ▁ ▁to ▁Lord ▁and ▁Bishop ▁for ▁the ▁sub structure ▁and ▁ ▁to ▁Jud son ▁Pacific ▁Mur phy ▁for ▁the |
▁super structure , ▁with ▁an ▁additional ▁ ▁contract ▁to ▁Pacific ▁Mur phy ▁for ▁the ▁concrete ▁sl ab ▁approach ▁sp ans . ▁ ▁The ▁sub structure ▁was ▁constructed ▁from ▁ 4 ▁April ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁through ▁ 3 0 ▁October ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁and ▁consists ▁of ▁the ▁concrete ▁pi ers ▁and ▁pil ings . ▁The ▁first ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁super structure ▁ere cted ▁was ▁the ▁east ▁tower , ▁which ▁began ▁on ▁ 4 ▁December ▁ 1 9 5 8 . ▁The ▁super structure ▁was ▁assemble d ▁in ▁pre fab ric ated ▁segments ▁at ▁Pacific ▁Mur phy ' s ▁Richmond ▁yard ▁and ▁b arg ed ▁up stream ▁to ▁the ▁construction ▁site , ▁where ▁they ▁were ▁raised ▁into ▁place ▁by ▁a ▁ ▁capacity ▁bar ge ▁c rane . ▁The ▁she aves ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁each ▁tower ▁were ▁lifted ▁in ▁place ▁during ▁high ▁t ides ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁necessary ▁height . ▁The ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁super structure ▁replacing ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁bas c ule ▁bridge ▁includes ▁the ▁four ▁tr uss ▁sp ans ▁west ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁lift ▁span ▁and ▁one ▁tr uss ▁span ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁lift . ▁ ▁The ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁bridge ▁over la pped ▁the ▁planning ▁process ▁for ▁the ▁Sac r amento ▁Deep ▁Water ▁Sh ip ▁Channel . ▁When ▁plans ▁for ▁the ▁Deep ▁Water ▁Channel ▁were ▁complete , ▁the ▁eastern ▁tr uss ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁bridge ▁were ▁already ▁complete , ▁and ▁the ▁Channel ▁r er out ed ▁ship ▁traffic |
▁from ▁its ▁then - current ▁course ▁near ▁the ▁western ▁bank ▁( through ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁bas c ule ) ▁to ▁a ▁point ▁ ▁east . ▁A ▁new ▁c ros so ver ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁bas c ule ▁bridge ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁steel ▁tr uss ▁sp ans ▁was ▁built ▁to ▁avoid ▁inter ference ▁with ▁sub structure ▁construction , ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁new ▁lift ▁portion ▁was ▁built , ▁another ▁c ros so ver ▁was ▁built ▁to ▁r er oute ▁road ▁traffic ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁bas c ule ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁bridge . ▁Once ▁the ▁new ▁bridge ▁was ▁complete , ▁removal ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁structure ▁was ▁completed ▁by ▁July ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁I lice ▁crash ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁the ▁Italian ▁fre ighter ▁I lice ▁missed ▁the ▁raised ▁draw ▁while ▁under way ▁in ▁heavy ▁fog ▁and ▁crash ed ▁into ▁the ▁bridge ▁just ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁draw , ▁destroy ing ▁an ▁entire ▁, ▁) ▁tr uss ▁span . ▁No ▁one ▁was ▁injured ▁in ▁the ▁crash , ▁although ▁two ▁youth s ▁who ▁were ▁stopped ▁on ▁the ▁bridge ▁while ▁the ▁fre ighter ▁passed ▁were ▁toss ed ▁into ▁the ▁river ▁and ▁were ▁subsequently ▁res cu ed . ▁Once ▁I lice ▁was ▁fre ed ▁from ▁the ▁w reck age , ▁she ▁proceeded ▁up river ▁to ▁Sac r amento ▁to ▁take ▁on ▁its ▁scheduled ▁load ▁of ▁rice . |
▁The ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁the ▁destroyed ▁span ▁were ▁cut ▁free ▁from ▁the ▁bridge ▁and ▁dropped ▁into ▁the ▁water . ▁A ▁temporary ▁repair ▁consisting ▁of ▁a ▁steel ▁tr est le ▁and ▁two ▁ ▁steel ▁g ird ers ▁was ▁ere cted ▁after ▁three ▁weeks , ▁with ▁a ▁fer ry ▁carrying ▁traffic ▁across ▁the ▁river ▁while ▁the ▁temporary ▁span ▁was ▁ere cted . ▁ ▁The ▁Marine ▁B oss ▁c rane ▁bar ge , ▁built ▁for ▁the ▁heavy ▁gir der ▁lif ts ▁during ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁San ▁Mate o ▁Bridge , ▁ere cted ▁a ▁permanent ▁ ▁replacement ▁span ▁( which ▁included ▁a ▁ ▁cant ile ver ed ▁section ▁to ▁replace ▁damage ▁in ▁the ▁adjacent ▁tr uss ▁span ) ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁and ▁removed ▁both ▁the ▁w reck age ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁bridge ▁and ▁the ▁temporary ▁span ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time . ▁ ▁Ren amed ▁for ▁Helen ▁Mad ere ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁the ▁Rio ▁V ista ▁Bridge ▁was ▁officially ▁designated ▁the ▁Helen ▁Mad ere ▁Memorial ▁Bridge ▁after ▁Helen ▁Mad ere , ▁a ▁former ▁vice - may or ▁of ▁Rio ▁V ista ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁that ▁city ' s ▁representative ▁to ▁the ▁Sol ano ▁Transport ation ▁Author ity . ▁The ▁legisl ative ▁act ▁also ▁c ited ▁her ▁instrument al ▁role ▁in ▁impro ving ▁driver ▁safety ▁on ▁California ▁State ▁Route ▁ 1 2 . ▁ ▁St uck ▁The ▁bridge ▁was ▁raised ▁to ▁allow ▁marine ▁traffic ▁to ▁pass ▁on ▁July ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 |
1 2 , ▁and ▁became ▁stuck ▁in ▁that ▁position ▁for ▁several ▁hours ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁mechanical ▁failure . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁bridge ▁again ▁became ▁stuck ▁open ▁for ▁ten ▁hours , ▁until ▁work ▁cre ws ▁were ▁able ▁to ▁manually ▁lower ▁the ▁draw . ▁Marine ▁traffic ▁has ▁the ▁right - of - way , ▁and ▁the ▁nearest ▁det our ▁around ▁the ▁bridge ▁requires ▁an ▁additional ▁ ▁of ▁driving . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁be ▁raised ▁again ▁until ▁August ▁ 1 6 , ▁blocking ▁marine ▁ship ments ▁of ▁rice ▁and ▁c ement ▁to ▁the ▁Port ▁of ▁West ▁Sac r amento . ▁Cal trans ▁made ▁plans ▁to ▁manually ▁raise ▁and ▁test ▁the ▁draw ▁section ▁after ▁determ ining ▁the ▁motor ▁g ear ▁box ▁had ▁failed , ▁but ▁war ned ▁motor ists ▁that ▁rep airs ▁would ▁take ▁up ▁to ▁thirty ▁days ▁to ▁complete , ▁as ▁the ▁g ear box ▁would ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁re built ▁in ▁Alabama . ▁The ▁bridge ▁was ▁raised ▁by ▁hand , ▁closing ▁to ▁road ▁traffic ▁over night ▁every ▁few ▁days ▁to ▁allow ▁marine ▁traffic ▁to ▁pass . ▁Rep airs ▁to ▁the ▁bridge ▁were ▁completed ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 4 . ▁ ▁Pro posed ▁replacement ▁The ▁bridge ▁opened ▁ 2 0 0 ▁times ▁for ▁ship ▁traffic ▁during ▁peak ▁months ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁( near ly ▁seven ▁times ▁per ▁day ); ▁peak ▁que ues ▁reached ▁ 2 0 0 ▁vehicles ▁extending ▁ ▁and ▁caused ▁travel ▁del ays ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 3 0 |
▁minutes . ▁With ▁ship ▁traffic ▁project ed ▁to ▁increase ▁to ▁require ▁as ▁many ▁as ▁ 4 0 0 ▁open ings ▁by ▁ 2 0 3 5 , ▁and ▁traffic ▁on ▁State ▁Route ▁ 1 2 ▁also ▁project ed ▁to ▁increase , ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Rio ▁V ista , ▁the ▁Sol ano ▁Transport ation ▁Author ity , ▁and ▁Cal trans ▁have ▁all ▁studied ▁potential ▁rep lac ements ▁for ▁the ▁Helen ▁Mad ere ▁Bridge . ▁Two ▁goals ▁were ▁first , ▁to ▁remove ▁the ▁draw bridge ▁or ▁at ▁least ▁reduce ▁the ▁necessity ▁of ▁raising ▁the ▁bridge ▁and ▁second , ▁to ▁expand ▁the ▁existing ▁road way ▁from ▁two ▁lan es ▁to ▁four . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁study ▁was ▁performed ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁through ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁at ▁the ▁request ▁of ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Rio ▁V ista , ▁which ▁proposed ▁eight ▁alternatives ▁for ▁cross ings ▁at , ▁north ▁of ▁and ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁current ▁SR - 1 2 ▁alignment . ▁F ixed ▁high - level ▁brid ges ▁of ▁various ▁designs ▁would ▁require ▁longer ▁approaches ▁to ▁accommod ate ▁the ▁required ▁height ▁with ▁reasonable ▁road ▁gr ades , ▁and ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁proposed ▁alternative ▁cross ings ▁north ▁and ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁existing ▁SR - 1 2 ▁alignment . ▁Both ▁a ▁mid - level ▁move able ▁bridge ▁( with ▁approximately ▁ ▁of ▁clear ance ▁with ▁the ▁draw ▁down ) ▁and ▁tunnel ▁cross ings ▁were ▁proposed ▁for ▁the ▁existing ▁alignment , ▁with ▁the ▁mid - level ▁bridge ▁being ▁named ▁the ▁preferred ▁alternative ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 |
2 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁Sol ano ▁Transport ation ▁Author ity ▁expanded ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 – 9 4 ▁studies ▁by ▁carefully ▁considering ▁a ▁subset ▁of ▁the ▁proposed ▁alternative ▁cross ings , ▁with ▁the ▁tunnel ▁at ▁the ▁existing ▁SR - 1 2 ▁alignment ▁now ▁becoming ▁the ▁preferred ▁alternative . ▁Rio ▁V ista ▁business es ▁along ▁the ▁existing ▁SR - 1 2 ▁alignment ▁ur ged ▁no ▁change ▁to ▁the ▁route , ▁wor ried ▁that ▁moving ▁SR - 1 2 ▁traffic ▁could ▁result ▁in ▁business ▁clos ures . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁proposed ▁measures ▁to ▁raise ▁funds ▁would ▁have ▁im posed ▁a ▁to ll ▁on ▁the ▁existing ▁bridge , ▁and ▁was ▁met ▁with ▁similar ▁resistance . ▁ ▁Cal trans ▁performed ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁study ▁for ▁the ▁entire ▁SR - 1 2 ▁cor rid or , ▁which ▁concluded ▁the ▁cost ▁of ▁a ▁replacement ▁high - level ▁bridge ▁would ▁be ▁close ▁to ▁. ▁Ult imately , ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁study ▁concluded ▁a ▁fixed ▁high - level ▁bridge ▁or ▁a ▁tunnel ▁are ▁the ▁preferred ▁alternatives ▁to ▁allow ▁passage ▁of ▁both ▁ship ▁and ▁road ▁traffic , ▁calling ▁it ▁" the ▁single ▁most ▁important ▁invest ment ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁made ▁to ▁improve ▁SR - 1 2 ." ▁The ▁City ▁of ▁Rio ▁V ista ▁dropped ▁its ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁north ▁( A ir port ▁Road ) ▁alternative ▁alignment ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Pres ervation ▁project ▁Cal trans ▁is ▁undert aking ▁a ▁two - |
part ▁pres ervation ▁project ▁for ▁the ▁bridge . ▁The ▁first ▁part ▁of ▁this ▁work , ▁which ▁involves ▁clean ing ▁and ▁painting ▁the ▁bridge , ▁is ▁expected ▁to ▁complete ▁in ▁winter ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁at ▁a ▁cost ▁of ▁$ 3 7 . 1 mill ion . ▁After ▁the ▁bridge ▁has ▁been ▁rep aint ed , ▁the ▁mechanical ▁and ▁elect rical ▁systems ▁will ▁be ▁upgrad ed , ▁starting ▁in ▁spring ▁ 2 0 2 2 , ▁at ▁an ▁anticip ated ▁cost ▁to ▁range ▁between ▁$ 1 1 . 9 ▁and ▁$ 1 9 . 2 mill ion . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁ ▁Category : B rid ges ▁over ▁the ▁Sac r amento ▁River ▁Category : B rid ges ▁in ▁Sol ano ▁County , ▁California ▁Category : B rid ges ▁in ▁Sac r amento ▁County , ▁California ▁Category : Ro ad ▁brid ges ▁in ▁California ▁Category : Ste el ▁brid ges ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Vertical ▁lift ▁brid ges ▁in ▁California ▁Category : T ied ▁arch ▁brid ges ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Con crete ▁brid ges ▁in ▁California ▁Category : W ar ren ▁tr uss ▁brid ges ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁list ▁of ▁all ▁wind m ills ▁and ▁wind mill ▁sites ▁which ▁lie ▁in ▁the ▁current ▁cer emon ial ▁count ies ▁of ▁Ham pshire ▁and ▁the ▁Is le ▁of ▁W ight . ▁ ▁Ham pshire ▁ ▁Is le ▁of ▁W ight ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Unless ▁stated ▁otherwise , ▁the ▁source ▁for |
▁all ▁entries ▁is :- ▁ ▁or ▁ ▁Maps ▁ 1 6 0 7 ▁John ▁Norden ▁ 1 6 1 1 ▁John ▁Speed ▁ 1 6 4 5 ▁Joan ▁Bla eu ▁ 1 6 7 5 ▁John ▁Og il by ▁ 1 7 5 9 ▁Isaac ▁Taylor ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁M ills ▁in ▁bold ▁are ▁still ▁standing , ▁known ▁building ▁dates ▁are ▁indicated ▁in ▁bold . ▁Text ▁in ▁ital ics ▁denotes ▁indicates ▁that ▁the ▁information ▁is ▁not ▁confirmed , ▁but ▁is ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁case ▁stated . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Wind m ills ▁Wind m ills ▁Ham pshire ▁and ▁the ▁Is le ▁of ▁W ight <0x0A> </s> ▁Man ana ▁( S ansk rit : ▁ म न न ) ▁is ▁the ▁deep ▁state ▁of ▁thinking ▁without ▁joy ▁or ▁gr ief . Y aj nav alk ya ▁in ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁the ▁ma hav ak ya ▁– ▁Tat ▁T v am ▁A si , ▁told ▁Pa ing ala ▁that ▁whereas ▁sh rav ana ▁(' he aring ') ▁is ▁the ▁inqu iry ▁into ▁the ▁real ▁significance ▁of ▁this ▁v ā ky a , ▁to ▁in quire ▁in ▁sol itude ▁into ▁the ▁significance ▁of ▁sh rav ana ▁is ▁man ana ▁( cons ider ation ▁or ▁reflection ). ▁Pat an j ali ▁terms ▁man ana ▁as ▁d har ana , ▁ ▁the ▁un sh ake able ▁mental ▁conv iction . ▁ ▁In ▁Adv ait a ▁V ed anta , ▁man ana , ▁the ▁deep ▁reflection ▁on ▁what ▁is ▁heard ▁from ▁the ▁teacher , ▁is ▁a ▁part ▁of |
▁the ▁three - fold ▁process ▁of ▁sh rav ana - man ana - n id id hy as ana , ▁the ▁three ▁stages ▁of ▁religious ▁life ▁which ▁combined ▁acting ▁as ▁the ▁path ▁of ▁knowledge , ▁lead ▁to ▁the ▁att ain ment ▁of ▁m ok sha . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Pas up at as ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁cult ▁of ▁Sh iva , ▁man ana ▁is ▁a ▁sat m aka ▁or ▁master y ▁over ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁seeing ▁and ▁acting ; ▁man ana ▁is ▁the ▁super normal ▁knowing ▁of ▁objects ▁of ▁thoughts . ▁ ▁Man ana ▁means ▁– ▁' th inking ', ▁' ref lection ', ▁' med itation ', ▁' c og itation '; ▁Pan ch adas i ▁( S lo ka ▁I . 5 3 ) ▁reads ▁as ▁follows :- ▁▁ <0xE0> <0xA4> <0x87> त ् थ ं ▁ व ा क ् य ै स ् त द र ् थ ा न ु स न ् ध ा न ं ▁ श ् र व ण ं ▁ भ व े त ् ▁| ▁ य ु क ् त ् य ा ▁ स ं भ ा व ि त त ् व ा न ु स ं ध ा न ं ▁ म न ् न न ् त ु ▁ त त ् ▁|| ▁ ▁" The ▁finding ▁out ▁or ▁discovery ▁of ▁the ▁true ▁significance ▁of ▁the ▁identity ▁of ▁the ▁individual ▁self ▁and ▁the ▁supre me ▁Universal ▁Self ▁with ▁the ▁great ▁say ings ▁is ▁what ▁is ▁known ▁as |
▁sh rav ana ; ▁and ▁to ▁arrive ▁at ▁the ▁possibility ▁of ▁its ▁valid ity ▁through ▁logical ▁reasoning ▁is ▁what ▁is ▁called ▁man ana ." ▁ ▁In ▁this ▁context , ▁Vid yar anya ▁had ▁previously ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁Self ▁is ▁un touch ed ▁by ▁doub ts ▁about ▁the ▁presence ▁or ▁absence ▁of ▁associ ates ▁etc ; ▁that ▁are ▁super im posed ▁on ▁it ▁phenomen ally . ▁In ▁the ▁a fore - c ited ▁slo ka , ▁Sw ami ▁Sw ah an anda ▁in ▁his ▁comment ary ▁explains ▁that ▁whatever ▁be ▁the ▁relation ▁between ▁two ▁v ikal pas ▁(' altern atives '), ▁relation ▁itself ▁has ▁to ▁be ▁understood ▁which ▁even ▁though ▁not ▁an ▁attribute ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁related , ▁for ▁the ▁domain ▁of ▁b h eda ▁(' d ifference ') ▁is ▁r idd led ▁with ▁contradict ions . ▁V ed anta ▁cons iders ▁v ikal pa ▁as ▁kal p ana ▁or ▁' contr ary ▁imagination ' ▁that ▁invari ably ▁leads ▁to ▁an avas tha ▁(' in finite ▁re gress '). ▁The ▁identity ▁all ud ed ▁to ▁by ▁the ▁great ▁say ings ▁( ma hav ak y as ) ▁convey ed ▁by ▁a ▁G uru ▁to ▁his ▁dis ci ples ▁i . e . ▁s own ▁in ▁the ▁mind ▁of ▁his ▁s is ya , ▁have ▁logical ▁support ▁for ▁their ▁valid ity ▁which ▁support ▁is ▁revealed ▁through ▁man ana ▁which ▁process ▁reve als ▁true ▁knowledge . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁through ▁deep ▁med itation ▁that ▁the ▁knowledge ▁of ▁Bra h man ▁is ▁gained , ▁and ▁Kath a |
▁Up an ish ad ▁( I . iii . 1 5 ) ▁decl ares ▁that ▁one ▁becomes ▁free ▁from ▁the ▁j aws ▁of ▁death ▁by ▁knowing ▁that ▁which ▁is ▁ever ▁constant ; ▁Bad ar ay ana ▁states ▁that ▁what ▁is ▁mentioned ▁in ▁that ▁Up an ish ad ▁is ▁meant ▁for ▁deep ▁med itation ▁on ▁Pur ush a ▁- ▁ आ ध ् य ा न ा य ▁ प ् र य ो ज न ा भ ा व ा त ् ▁( B rah ma ▁S ut ras ▁III . iii . 1 4 ), ▁during ▁which ▁process ▁the ▁differ ing ▁attributes ▁are ▁not ▁to ▁be ▁combined ▁but ▁only ▁non - d ifferent ▁attributes ▁which ▁exist ▁collect ively ▁in ▁all ▁the ▁context s . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : H indu ▁philosoph ical ▁concepts ▁Category : V ed as ▁Category : V ed anta <0x0A> </s> ▁Col lide ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁music ▁du o ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁California , ▁United ▁States , ▁that ▁has ▁incorpor ated ▁elements ▁of ▁trip ▁hop , ▁synth pop ▁and ▁music ▁from ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁into ▁their ▁sound . ▁▁ ▁The ▁name ▁comes ▁from ▁the ▁' coll ision ' ▁of ▁musical ▁styles , ▁primarily ▁the ▁eth ere al ▁vocals ▁provided ▁by ▁ka R IN ▁and ▁the ▁electronic ▁music ▁provided ▁by ▁Stat ik . ▁Col lide ' s ▁debut ▁album , ▁B ene ath ▁the ▁Sk in , ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁followed ▁by ▁a |
▁rem ix ▁album , ▁Dist ort , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁containing ▁rem ix es ▁by ▁artists ▁such ▁as ▁K ne el ▁C ohn ▁of ▁the ▁bands ▁Sp ir its ▁In ▁Sin ▁and ▁The ▁Dead ▁Stars ▁On ▁Hollywood . ▁▁ ▁D iss atisf ied ▁with ▁the ▁music ▁industry , ▁Col lide ▁started ▁their ▁own ▁record ▁label , ▁No ise plus ▁Music , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁they ▁released ▁their ▁second ▁studio ▁album , ▁Ch asing ▁the ▁Ghost . ▁ ▁Three ▁years ▁later , ▁they ▁released ▁their ▁third ▁studio ▁album , ▁Some ▁Kind ▁of ▁Str ange . ▁The ▁following ▁year , ▁the ▁band ▁released ▁another ▁rem ix ▁album , ▁Vor tex , ▁containing ▁rem ix es ▁by ▁numerous ▁rem ix ▁artists , ▁including ▁Charlie ▁Cl ou ser . ▁Jo ining ▁ka R IN ▁and ▁Stat ik ▁this ▁time ▁around , ▁and ▁for ▁their ▁first ▁live ▁performances ▁a ▁little ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁year , ▁were ▁Scott ▁Landes ▁( gu itar ), ▁Roger io ▁Silva ▁( gu itar ), ▁Ch az ▁Pe ase ▁( d rum s ), ▁and ▁K ai ▁Ku ros awa ▁( W arr ▁gu it ars / b ass ). ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Col lide ▁released ▁a ▁DVD , ▁entitled ▁Like ▁the ▁H unted , ▁along ▁with ▁a ▁live ▁CD . ▁Then ▁they ▁recorded ▁with ▁Cur ve ' s ▁Dean ▁Gar cia ▁in ▁a ▁project ▁called ▁The ▁Secret ▁Me eting . ▁The ▁album , ▁Ul tr ash iver , ▁was ▁released ▁under |
▁their ▁No ise plus ▁label ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁On ▁September ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁band ▁released ▁their ▁fourth ▁studio ▁album ▁Two ▁He aded ▁Mon ster . ▁ ▁Special ▁guests ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁included ▁D anny ▁Care y ▁from ▁Tool ▁and ▁Dean ▁Gar cia ▁from ▁Cur ve . ▁ ▁At ▁Hall owe en ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁album ▁These ▁E yes ▁Before ▁was ▁released . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 0 - song ▁album ▁of ▁cover ▁versions ▁of ▁well - known ▁songs ▁by ▁artists ▁such ▁as ▁The ▁Beat les , ▁De pe che ▁Mode , ▁Radio head , ▁and ▁P ink ▁F loyd . ▁Currently , ▁they ▁are ▁offering ▁a ▁free ▁song ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁don ations ▁which ▁will ▁go ▁towards ▁the ▁recording ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁album . ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Col lide ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁The ▁ 1 0 th ▁Ann ual ▁Independent ▁Music ▁Awards ▁under ▁the ▁Cover ▁Song ▁category ▁for ▁" The ▁L un at ics ▁Have ▁T aken ▁Over ▁the ▁As yl um ". ▁ ▁M embers ▁ ▁Full ▁time ▁members ▁ka R IN ▁– ▁vocals , ▁lyr ics ▁Stat ik ▁– ▁music , ▁production ▁ ▁Live ▁members ▁Scott ▁Landes ▁– ▁gu it ars ▁Roger io ▁Silva ▁– ▁gu it ars ▁Ch az ▁Pe ase ▁– ▁drums ▁K ai ▁Ku ros awa ▁– ▁W arr ▁Gu itar / b ass ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Albums |
▁ ▁Re leases ▁with ▁Dean ▁Gar cia / The ▁Secret ▁Me eting ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Category : T rip ▁hop ▁groups ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁Category : American ▁dark ▁wave ▁musical ▁groups ▁Category : American ▁industrial ▁music ▁groups ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Category : Re - Con str iction ▁Records ▁artists <0x0A> </s> ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁( 2 2 ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁– ▁ 1 9 9 0 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Irish - bre d , ▁British - tra ined ▁Thor ough bre d ▁race hor se ▁and ▁s ire ▁who ▁won ▁the ▁classic ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Gu ine as ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁best ▁British - tra ined ▁two - year - old ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁when ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁Sol ario ▁St akes ▁and ▁was ▁narrow ly ▁be aten ▁by ▁the ▁Irish - tra ined ▁Storm ▁Bird ▁in ▁the ▁D ew h urst ▁St akes . ▁As ▁a ▁three - year - old ▁he ▁was ▁be aten ▁on ▁his ▁debut ▁but ▁just ified ▁his ▁position ▁as ▁bet ting ▁favour ite ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Gu ine as . ▁The ▁rest ▁of ▁his ▁season ▁was ▁domin ated ▁by ▁a ▁controvers ial ▁four - race ▁series ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁matched ▁against ▁the ▁Irish ▁col t ▁Kings ▁Lake . ▁His ▁other ▁major ▁wins ▁in ▁ 1 9 |
8 1 ▁came ▁in ▁the ▁St . ▁James ' s ▁Palace ▁St akes , ▁Water ford ▁Cry stal ▁M ile ▁and ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁II ▁St akes . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁he ▁was ▁campaign ed ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁without ▁success ▁and ▁was ▁retired ▁to ▁stud ▁where ▁he ▁had ▁little ▁success ▁as ▁a ▁s ire ▁of ▁w inners . ▁ ▁Background ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁was ▁a ▁" big , ▁rang y , ▁attract ive " ▁dark ▁brown ▁horse ▁with ▁no ▁white ▁mark ings ▁b red ▁by ▁the ▁R ath du ff ▁Stud ▁in ▁County ▁Ti pper ary , ▁Ireland . ▁His ▁s ire , ▁T ud or ▁Music , ▁was ▁a ▁top - class ▁spr inter ▁whose ▁wins ▁included ▁the ▁July ▁Cup : ▁as ▁a ▁bre eding ▁st all ion ▁his ▁record ▁was ▁not ▁impress ive , ▁with ▁his ▁only ▁previous ▁Group ▁Race ▁winner ▁being ▁Orchestra , ▁whose ▁wins ▁included ▁the ▁John ▁Por ter ▁St akes . ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁was ▁by ▁far ▁the ▁best ▁horse ▁produced ▁by ▁Sarah ▁Van ▁Fle et , ▁a ▁mare ▁who ▁won ▁five ▁races ▁over ▁hur d les . ▁Sarah ▁Van ▁Fle et ▁was ▁a ▁great ▁grand d augh ter ▁of ▁the ▁influ ential ▁bro od m are ▁Sister ▁Sarah , ▁whose ▁other ▁descend ants ▁include ▁St . ▁P addy , ▁F lying ▁Water , ▁Russian ▁Rh ythm , ▁Work force , ▁Near ctic , ▁Sh ad ay id , ▁Sw ain , ▁Love ▁Div ine , ▁Brian |
▁Bor u ▁and ▁Si xt ies ▁Icon . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁year ling , ▁the ▁col t ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁sales ▁and ▁was ▁bought ▁for ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁gu ine as ▁by ▁the ▁tra iner ▁Guy ▁Har wood , ▁making ▁him ▁by ▁far ▁the ▁most ▁expensive ▁of ▁his ▁s ire ' s ▁off spring ▁sold ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 . ▁The ▁col t ▁entered ▁the ▁ownership ▁of ▁the ▁Greek ▁restaur ateur ▁And ry ▁Mu inos , ▁who ▁had ▁just ▁sold ▁her ▁three - year - old ▁Ela - M ana - M ou ▁to ▁the ▁B ally mac oll ▁Stud ▁for ▁£ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 . ▁She ▁named ▁the ▁horse ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁( τ ο ▁α γ ό ρ ι ▁ μ ο υ ), ▁the ▁Greek ▁for ▁" My ▁Boy ". ▁The ▁col t ▁was ▁trained ▁at ▁Pul borough , ▁West ▁Sus sex ▁by ▁Har wood ▁who , ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁was ▁noted ▁for ▁his ▁modern ▁approach ▁to ▁training , ▁introdu cing ▁Britain ▁to ▁features ▁such ▁as ▁artificial ▁gal lo ps ▁and ▁bar n - style ▁st abling . ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁was ▁r idden ▁in ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁major ▁races ▁by ▁the ▁British ▁j ockey ▁Gre ville ▁Star key . ▁ ▁Racing ▁career ▁▁ 1 9 8 0 : ▁two - year - old ▁season ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁made ▁his ▁race course ▁debut ▁in ▁a ▁ma |
iden ▁race ▁over ▁six ▁f url ongs ▁at ▁New market ▁Race course ▁in ▁July . ▁He ▁was ▁given ▁a ▁gentle ▁ride ▁from ▁Star key ▁and ▁finished ▁second , ▁be aten ▁three - quarters ▁of ▁a ▁length ▁by ▁the ▁Queen ' s ▁col t ▁Church ▁Par ade . ▁He ▁recorded ▁his ▁first ▁win ▁in ▁the ▁Fox hall ▁Ma iden ▁St akes ▁over ▁seven ▁f url ongs ▁at ▁Good wood ▁Race course , ▁taking ▁the ▁lead ▁after ▁a ▁f url ong ▁and ▁winning ▁easily ▁by ▁two ▁lengths ▁ ▁from ▁Clear ▁Ver dict . ▁In ▁August ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁C raw ley ▁St akes ▁at ▁L ing field ▁Park ▁Race course ▁from ▁six ▁moder ate ▁oppon ents ▁who , ▁according ▁to ▁Time form , ▁" w ere ▁bare ly ▁able ▁to ▁get ▁him ▁out ▁of ▁a ▁can ter ". ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁was ▁then ▁moved ▁up ▁in ▁class ▁to ▁contest ▁the ▁List ed ▁Sol ario ▁St akes ▁at ▁Sand own ▁Park ▁Race course ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁August . ▁Starting ▁the ▁ 8 / 1 1 ▁favour ite ▁he ▁acceler ated ▁clear ▁of ▁the ▁field ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁quarter ▁mile ▁and ▁won ▁by ▁two ▁lengths ▁from ▁B old ▁Ra ider , ▁despite ▁being ▁e ased ▁down ▁by ▁Star key ▁in ▁the ▁closing ▁stages . ▁ ▁In ▁October , ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁cont ested ▁Britain ' s ▁most ▁important ▁races ▁for ▁two - year - olds , ▁the ▁D ew h urst ▁St akes ▁over ▁seven ▁f url ongs |
▁at ▁New market . ▁He ▁was ▁opposed ▁by ▁the ▁Irish - tra ined ▁Storm ▁Bird , ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁St akes , ▁the ▁French - tra ined ▁Mis w aki , ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁Prix ▁de ▁la ▁Sal am and re ▁and ▁K irt ling , ▁winner ▁of ▁the ▁Ch es ham ▁St akes . ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁was ▁always ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁horse ▁able ▁to ▁respond ▁when ▁Storm ▁Bird ▁acceler ated ▁with ▁two ▁f url ong ▁left ▁to ▁run . ▁The ▁two ▁col ts ▁quickly ▁drew ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁field ▁and ▁after ▁a ▁prot ract ed ▁struggle , ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁finished ▁second , ▁be aten ▁half ▁a ▁length . ▁▁ 1 9 8 1 : ▁three - year - old ▁season ▁ ▁Spring ▁When ▁Storm ▁Bird ▁was ▁ruled ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁class ics ▁by ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁problems , ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁became ▁a ▁strong ▁favour ite ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Gu ine as . ▁He ▁began ▁his ▁three - year - old ▁season ▁in ▁the ▁Cra ven ▁St akes ▁at ▁New market ▁in ▁April . ▁He ▁started ▁odd s - on ▁favour ite , ▁but ▁appeared ▁short ▁of ▁peak ▁fit ness ▁and ▁was ▁be aten ▁three ▁qu arters ▁of ▁a ▁length ▁by ▁the ▁ 2 8 / 1 ▁out s ider ▁Kind ▁of ▁H ush . ▁Despite ▁his ▁defeat , ▁To - Ag ori - M ou ▁started ▁the |
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