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Or th os ia ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 5 ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁Asia ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁Europe ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁Category : M oth s ▁of ▁Turkey ▁Category : T ax a ▁named ▁by ▁Johan ▁Christian ▁Fab r ici us <0x0A> </s> ▁Hor st ▁Paul mann ▁K em na ▁( born ▁ 2 2 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 5 ) ▁is ▁a ▁German - Ch ile an ▁billion aire ▁entrepr ene ur . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁founder ▁and ▁chairman ▁of ▁C en cos ud , ▁the ▁largest ▁ret ail ▁chain ▁in ▁Chile ▁and ▁the ▁third ▁largest ▁in ▁Latin ▁America . ▁According ▁to ▁For bes , ▁his ▁fortune ▁is ▁estimated ▁at ▁US $ 4 . 8 ▁billion , ▁and ▁the ▁second ▁rich est ▁man ▁in ▁Chile . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁Hor st ▁Paul mann ▁and ▁his ▁family , ▁consisting ▁of ▁his ▁parents ▁and ▁seven ▁sib lings , ▁em igr ated ▁from ▁Germany ▁after ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁They ▁crossed ▁the ▁Al ps ▁towards ▁Italy , ▁continued ▁on ▁to ▁Argentina ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁and ▁finally ▁to ▁Chile ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 3 , ▁Paul mann ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁tele phone ▁operator ▁in ▁Buenos ▁Aires ▁and ▁later ▁worked ▁making ▁wooden ▁to ys . ▁His ▁family ▁settled ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Tem u
co ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁Chile , ▁and ▁his ▁father ▁got ▁a ▁position ▁as ▁a ▁franch ise e ▁at ▁Club ▁A lem án ▁and ▁at ▁Club ▁de ▁La ▁Un ión . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁Paul mann ' s ▁family ▁bought ▁a ▁local ▁restaurant ▁called ▁Las ▁Br is as ▁and ▁they ▁soon ▁transformed ▁it ▁into ▁a ▁super market . ▁Since ▁then ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁his ▁father , ▁Hor st ▁and ▁his ▁brother ▁J ürgen ▁Paul mann ▁built ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁super market ▁ch ains , ▁beginning ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁hyper market , ▁located ▁on ▁Av . ▁Kennedy . ▁It ▁measured ▁ 4 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁meters ▁and ▁would ▁become ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁the ▁holding ▁company ▁C en cos ud . ▁ ▁Career ▁C en cos ud ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Hor st ▁Paul mann ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁November ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁when ▁he ▁assumed ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁CE O ▁and ▁chairman . ▁C en cos ud ▁emp lo ys ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁people ▁in ▁Chile , ▁Argentina , ▁Colombia , ▁Brazil ▁and ▁Peru , ▁where ▁it ▁oper ates ▁its ▁super market ▁ch ains ▁( such ▁as ▁J um bo , ▁Santa ▁Isabel , ▁Dis co , ▁Ve a , ▁G bar b osa , ▁Pre z unic , ▁Bret as , ▁Per ini , ▁W ong ▁and ▁); ▁department ▁stores ▁( such ▁as ▁París ▁and ▁Johnson ' s ); ▁home ▁improvement ▁stores ▁( such ▁as ▁E asy
▁and ▁Bla isten ); ▁commercial ▁cent ers ▁and ▁credit ▁stores ▁( with ▁over ▁ 4 . 3 ▁million ▁credit ▁cards ▁issued ). ▁▁ ▁One ▁of ▁his ▁projects ▁is ▁the ▁complex ▁Cost an era ▁Center , ▁which ▁includes ▁the ▁tall est ▁tower ▁in ▁South ▁America , ▁meas uring ▁ 3 0 0 ▁meters , ▁a ▁six ▁story ▁m all , ▁a ▁hotel , ▁and ▁office ▁to wers . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁C en cos ud ▁began ▁trad ing ▁its ▁shares ▁on ▁the ▁Santiago ▁Stock ▁Exchange , ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁NY SE ▁starting ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁The ▁Paul mann ▁family ▁is ▁the ▁main ▁share holder ▁of ▁C en cos ud . ▁Man fred , ▁Peter ▁and ▁He ike ▁Paul mann ▁Ko ep fer ▁have ▁represented ▁C en cos ud ▁in ▁its ▁directory ▁and ▁are ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁agreement ▁of ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁direct ors , ▁which ▁was ▁formed ▁for ▁the ▁succession ▁of ▁the ▁president ▁in ▁the ▁conduct ▁of ▁the ▁company . ▁ ▁Other ▁activities ▁Paul mann ▁is ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Argentina – Ch ile ▁P erman ent ▁Bin ational ▁Business ▁Board ▁and ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Argent ine ▁Business ▁Association . ▁In ▁the ▁past , ▁he ▁was ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Chile an – G erman ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce ▁and ▁the ▁Chile an ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁Entre pr ene ur ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁Di ario ▁Fin anci ero ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁World ▁Entre pr ene ur ▁of
▁The ▁Year ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁by ▁Ernst ▁& ▁Young ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁K one x ▁Awards , ▁Service ▁and ▁Com merce ▁Entre pr ene ur ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁The ▁Year , ▁Chile an – G erman ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Com merce ▁and ▁Indust ry ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁ ▁University ▁Ext ension ▁Award , ▁Universidad ▁Mayor ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁People ▁and ▁Development ▁of ▁Dist inction ▁Award ▁granted ▁during ▁the ▁Per cade ▁Congress ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁Chile an ▁citizens hip ▁by ▁grace ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁I CA RE ▁Award , ▁Entre pr ene ur ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁▁ ▁AS A ▁Salvador ▁D ’ An na ▁Award ▁for ▁best ▁ret ail ▁entrepr ene ur ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁- ▁Argentina ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁Dec oration ▁from ▁Or den ▁de ▁May o ▁for ▁his ▁degree ▁of ▁Commander ▁- ▁Argentina ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Diego ▁Port ales ▁Award ▁for ▁out standing ▁entrepr ene ur ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁He ▁had ▁three ▁children ▁with ▁Hel ga ▁Ko ep fer : ▁Man fred , ▁Peter ▁and ▁He ike . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁site ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 3 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : G erman ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁Chile ▁Category : Ch ile an ▁business
people ▁Category : G erman ▁business people ▁Category : Ch ile an ▁billion aires ▁Category : G erman ▁billion aires ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Santiago ▁Category : Ch ile an ▁people ▁of ▁German ▁descent <0x0A> </s> ▁Friedrich ▁Frei herr ▁( Bar on ) ▁von ▁Hot ze ▁( 2 0 ▁April ▁ 1 7 3 9 ▁– ▁ 2 5 ▁September ▁ 1 7 9 9 ), ▁was ▁a ▁Swiss - born ▁general ▁in ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁army ▁during ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ary ▁Wars . ▁He ▁campaign ed ▁in ▁the ▁Rh in eland ▁during ▁the ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Co al ition ▁and ▁in ▁Switzerland ▁in ▁the ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Co al ition , ▁not ably ▁at ▁Battle ▁of ▁Winter thur ▁in ▁late ▁May ▁ 1 7 9 9 , ▁and ▁the ▁First ▁Battle ▁of ▁Zur ich ▁in ▁early ▁June ▁ 1 7 9 9 . ▁He ▁was ▁killed ▁at ▁the ▁Second ▁Battle ▁of ▁Zur ich . ▁ ▁Hot ze ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 2 0 A pril ▁ 1 7 3 9 in ▁Rich ters w il ▁in ▁the ▁C anton ▁of ▁Zürich , ▁in ▁the ▁Old ▁Swiss ▁Confeder acy ▁( present - day ▁Switzerland ). ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁boy , ▁he ▁graduated ▁from ▁the ▁Carol in um ▁in ▁Zürich ▁and ▁purs ued ▁studies ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁T üb ingen . ▁In ▁ 1 7 5 8 , ▁he ▁entered ▁the ▁military ▁service ▁of ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Wür ttemberg , ▁and ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁captain ▁of ▁caval ry
; ▁he ▁campaign ed ▁in ▁the ▁Seven ▁Years ' ▁War , ▁but ▁saw ▁no ▁combat . ▁Later , ▁he ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Russian ▁army ▁in ▁Russia ' s ▁War ▁with ▁Turkey , ▁( 1 7 6 8 – 7 4 ). ▁ ▁His ▁persistent ▁att ent iveness ▁to ▁Joseph ▁II ▁gar ner ed ▁for ▁him ▁a ▁commission ▁in ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁imperial ▁army , ▁and ▁he ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁brief ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁Bav arian ▁Su cc ession ▁( 1 7 7 8 – 7 9 ). ▁A ▁dil igent ▁and ▁cre ative ▁commander , ▁he ▁rose ▁quickly ▁through ▁the ▁ranks . ▁ ▁His ▁campaign ing ▁in ▁the ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Co al ition , ▁particularly ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Wür zburg , ▁earned ▁him ▁the ▁Knight ' s ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Military ▁Order ▁of ▁Maria ▁Ther esa ▁and , ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 8 , ▁the ▁Commander ' s ▁Cross . ▁Arch du ke ▁Charles ▁placed ▁him ▁in ▁full ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁line ▁at ▁the ▁First ▁Battle ▁of ▁Zur ich ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 9 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁killed ▁by ▁French ▁mus ket ▁fire ▁in ▁the ▁morning ▁mist ▁near ▁Sch än is , ▁in ▁C anton ▁of ▁St . ▁G allen ▁on ▁ 2 5 Se ptember ▁ 1 7 9 9 . ▁ ▁Child hood ▁and ▁early ▁career ▁Friedrich ▁Hot ze ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁son ▁of ▁Johannes ▁Hot ze , ▁a ▁doctor ▁and ▁sur geon ▁in ▁H ess ian ▁military ▁service
▁and ▁his ▁Zürich - born ▁wife , ▁Jud ith a ▁G ess ner . ▁ ▁Hot ze ▁came ▁from ▁an ▁old ▁Swiss ▁family , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁cousin ▁of ▁Heinrich ▁P est al oz zi , ▁the ▁ped agog ue ▁and ▁education ▁reform er . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁young ▁man , ▁Hot ze ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁ren owned ▁G ymnasium ▁Carol in um ▁( Z ür ich ). ▁Later ▁he ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁T üb ingen . ▁In ▁October ▁ 1 7 5 8 , ▁Hot ze ▁entered ▁the ▁military ▁service ▁of ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Wür ttemberg , ▁in ▁a ▁H uss ar ▁regiment ▁as ▁an ▁officer ▁cad et ▁( ens ign ). ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 7 5 9 , ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁promoted ▁to ▁lieutenant , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 7 6 1 , ▁to ▁caval ry ▁captain ▁( or ▁R itt meister ). ▁He ▁left ▁the ▁Duke ' s ▁service ▁during ▁the ▁disag re ement ▁between ▁the ▁Duke ▁and ▁the ▁Wür ttemberg ▁Est ates ▁over ▁financial ▁matters ▁involved ▁in ▁maintain ing ▁a ▁standing ▁army , ▁and ▁entered ▁the ▁service ▁of ▁the ▁King ▁of ▁Pr uss ia , ▁where ▁he ▁remained ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁Seven ▁Years ' ▁War ▁( 1 7 5 6 – 1 7 6 3 ). ▁After ▁service ▁in ▁Pr uss ia , ▁he ▁took ▁a ▁brief ▁vac ation ▁in ▁Switzerland . ▁ ▁In ▁May ▁ 1 7 6 8 , ▁Hot ze ▁entered ▁the ▁service ▁of ▁Catherine ▁II , ▁the ▁Ts arina ▁of ▁Russia
, ▁but ▁only ▁as ▁ ▁lieutenant ▁of ▁a ▁regiment ▁of ▁drag o ons , ▁the ▁so - called ▁Ing ermann land , ▁named ▁for ▁the ▁territory ▁between ▁Lake ▁Pe ip us , ▁the ▁Nar va ▁River , ▁and ▁Lake ▁Lad oga , ▁in ▁the ▁old ▁Grand ▁Duch y ▁of ▁Nov gor od . ▁He ▁participated ▁in ▁several ▁batt les ▁in ▁Russia ' s ▁on - going ▁conflict ▁with ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire , ▁attract ing ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁Field ▁Marsh al ▁Alexander ▁Su vor ov ▁during ▁the ▁battle ▁at ▁Gi urg iu , ▁on ▁the ▁lower ▁Dan ube , ▁during ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁wounded . ▁Su var ov ▁pra ised ▁him ▁for ▁his ▁bra very ▁and ▁promoted ▁him ▁to ▁major . ▁ ▁H abs burg ▁service ▁ ▁The ▁war ▁between ▁Russia ▁and ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁ended ▁with ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Kü ç ük ▁Kay n arca , ▁signed ▁on ▁ 2 1 J uly ▁ 1 7 7 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 7 6 , ▁Hot ze ▁returned ▁to ▁his ▁home ▁near ▁Zürich . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁return ▁journey , ▁he ▁stopped ▁in ▁Vienna , ▁to ▁present ▁himself ▁to ▁the ▁Emperor , ▁Joseph ▁II , ▁and ▁to ▁seek ▁an ▁appointment ▁as ▁a ▁major ▁in ▁the ▁imperial ▁Aust rian ▁army . ▁ ▁When ▁Joseph ▁tra ve led ▁to ▁H ü ningen ▁near ▁Bas el , ▁in ▁the ▁upper ▁Rh ine ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 7 , ▁Hot ze ▁once ▁again ▁presented ▁himself , ▁after ▁which ▁he ▁finally
▁secured ▁a ▁major ' s ▁commission ▁in ▁the ▁Cu ir ass iers ▁Regiment ▁ 2 6 , ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Baron ▁of ▁Ber lich ingen ▁( F rei herr ▁von ▁Ber lich ingen ) ▁regiment . ▁His ▁regiment ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁during ▁the ▁brief ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁Bav arian ▁Su cc ession ▁( 1 7 7 8 – 7 9 ). ▁ ▁He ▁served ▁for ▁a ▁short ▁time ▁with ▁the ▁cu ir ass iers ▁regiment ▁Mar quis ▁de ▁Vog h era ▁in ▁Hung ary , ▁and ▁returned ▁with ▁this ▁regiment ▁to ▁Vienna ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 3 . ▁In ▁ 1 7 8 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁lieutenant ▁colon el ▁( O ber st le ut nant ) ▁and ▁given ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 . ▁Gal ican ▁Lanc ers , ▁which , ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 5 , ▁became ▁the ▁foundation ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 . ▁Lanc ers ▁Regiment . ▁ ▁Hot ze ' s ▁experience ▁with ▁military ▁prepared ness ▁and ▁organization ▁gave ▁him ▁an ▁advantage ▁in ▁establish ing ▁the ▁l anc ers ▁as ▁a ▁new ▁combat ▁arm . ▁Rec ogn izing ▁the ▁importance ▁of ▁l anc ers ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁armed ▁force , ▁he ▁emb ark ed ▁on ▁an ▁organiz ational ▁and ▁training ▁program . ▁The ▁Emperor ▁named ▁him ▁as ▁commander ▁of ▁these ▁corps , ▁with ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁a ▁full ▁colon el . ▁In ▁ 1 7 8 7 , ▁he ▁returned ▁tempor arily ▁to ▁Russia , ▁this ▁time ▁to ▁establish ▁a
▁similar ▁force ▁in ▁Catherine ▁the ▁Great ' s ▁army . ▁At ▁the ▁out break ▁of ▁the ▁border ▁war ▁between ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire ▁and ▁Austria , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁Austria ▁and ▁took ▁command ▁of ▁his ▁regiment . ▁ ▁French ▁Revolution ary ▁Wars ▁ ▁Initial ly , ▁the ▁r ul ers ▁of ▁Europe ▁viewed ▁the ▁revolution ▁in ▁France ▁as ▁an ▁event ▁between ▁the ▁French ▁king ▁and ▁his ▁subjects , ▁and ▁not ▁something ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁should ▁inter f ere . ▁In ▁ 1 7 9 0 , ▁Leopold ▁succeeded ▁his ▁brother ▁Joseph ▁as ▁em peror ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 7 9 1 , ▁he ▁considered ▁the ▁situation ▁surrounding ▁his ▁sister , ▁Marie ▁Anto in ette , ▁and ▁her ▁children , ▁with ▁greater ▁alarm . ▁In ▁August ▁ 1 7 9 1 , ▁in ▁consult ation ▁with ▁French ▁é migr é ▁nobles ▁and ▁Frederick ▁William ▁II ▁of ▁Pr uss ia , ▁he ▁issued ▁the ▁Dec laration ▁of ▁P ill nitz , ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁declared ▁the ▁interest ▁of ▁the ▁monarch s ▁of ▁Europe ▁as ▁one ▁with ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁Louis ▁and ▁his ▁family . ▁ ▁They ▁threatened ▁ambigu ous , ▁but ▁quite ▁serious , ▁consequences ▁if ▁anything ▁should ▁happen ▁to ▁the ▁royal ▁family . ▁ ▁The ▁French ▁Republican ▁position ▁became ▁increasing ly ▁difficult . ▁Comp ounding ▁problems ▁in ▁international ▁relations , ▁French ▁é migr és ▁continued ▁to ▁ag itate ▁for ▁support ▁of ▁a ▁counter - re volution ▁abroad . ▁Chief ▁among ▁them ▁were ▁the ▁Prince ▁of ▁Cond é , ▁his ▁son , ▁the ▁Duke ▁de
▁Bour bon , ▁and ▁his ▁grand son , ▁the ▁Duke ▁d ' Eng h ien . ▁From ▁their ▁base ▁in ▁Kob len z , ▁adjacent ▁to ▁the ▁French - G erman ▁border , ▁they ▁sought ▁direct ▁support ▁for ▁military ▁inter vention ▁from ▁the ▁royal ▁houses ▁of ▁Europe , ▁and ▁raised ▁an ▁army . ▁On ▁ 2 0 ▁April ▁ 1 7 9 2 , ▁the ▁French ▁National ▁Convention ▁declared ▁war ▁on ▁Austria . ▁In ▁this ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Co al ition ▁( 1 7 9 2 – 1 7 9 8 ), ▁France ▁r anged ▁itself ▁against ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁European ▁states ▁sharing ▁land ▁or ▁water ▁borders ▁with ▁her , ▁plus ▁Portugal ▁and ▁the ▁Ott oman ▁Empire . ▁ ▁War ▁of ▁First ▁Co al ition ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 7 9 2 , ▁Hot ze ▁and ▁his ▁regiment ▁joined ▁the ▁autonom ous ▁Aust rian ▁Corps ▁under ▁Paul ▁Anton ▁II , ▁Count ▁von ▁E ster há zy ▁in ▁the ▁Bre is g au ▁although ▁they ▁took ▁no ▁part ▁in ▁any ▁military ▁cl ash es . ▁Early ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 3 , ▁Hot ze ▁and ▁his ▁regiment ▁were ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁Upper ▁Rh ine ▁Army , ▁commanded ▁by ▁General ▁of ▁Caval ry ▁D ago bert ▁Sig mund ▁von ▁W urm ser , ▁at ▁which ▁time ▁Hot ze ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁major ▁general . ▁As ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁third ▁column , ▁he ▁played ▁an ▁essential ▁role ▁the ▁storm ing ▁of ▁the ▁line ▁at ▁W iss emb ourg ▁and ▁La uter burg ,
▁for ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Knight ' s ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Military ▁Order ▁of ▁Maria ▁Ther esa . ▁In ▁the ▁following ▁year , ▁ 1 7 9 4 , ▁he ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁Army ▁Corps ▁of ▁the ▁Prince ▁von ▁H ohen lo he - K ir ch berg , ▁on ▁the ▁left ▁bank ▁of ▁the ▁Rh ine , ▁and ▁later , ▁from ▁May – Se ptember ▁at ▁Heil igen stein ▁on ▁the ▁Rh ine , ▁Schwe igen heim , ▁West heim , ▁and ▁Land au ▁in ▁der ▁Pf al z , ▁against ▁the ▁French ▁army ▁commanded ▁by ▁the ▁general ▁of ▁division ▁Louis ▁Des a ix . ▁ ▁In ▁each ▁of ▁these ▁assign ments , ▁Hot ze ▁proved ▁himself ▁as ▁a ▁confident ▁and ▁courage ous ▁general ▁against ▁the ▁stronger ▁French ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁Mos elle . ▁In ▁recognition , ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Feld mar sch all - le ut nant , ▁a ▁rank ▁unusual ▁for ▁a ▁man ▁from ▁a ▁non - ar ist ocr atic ▁family . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁raised ▁to ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁baron ▁( F rei herr ) ▁by ▁Emperor ▁Francis ▁II . ▁In ▁the ▁campaign ▁of ▁ 1 7 9 5 , ▁he ▁served ▁again ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁W urm ser ; ▁his ▁troops ▁secured ▁Rh in eland ▁positions ▁near ▁Mann heim , ▁and ▁later ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁engag ements ▁at ▁Ed igh of en ▁and ▁Kais ers la ut ern . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁N eres heim ▁( 1 1 ▁August ▁ 1
7 9 6 ), ▁Hot ze ▁commanded ▁ 1 3 ▁batt al ions ▁and ▁ 2 8 ▁caval ry ▁squad rons , ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 3 , 3 0 0 ▁men , ▁and ▁formed ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁Arch du ke ▁Charles ' ▁line . ▁Although ▁Hot ze ' s ▁force ▁managed ▁to ▁push ▁the ▁French ▁out ▁of ▁several ▁villages , ▁his ▁force ▁was ▁not ▁strong ▁enough ▁to ▁follow ▁up ▁on ▁his ▁advantage . ▁Following ▁the ▁action ▁at ▁N eres heim , ▁his ▁force ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁joint ▁batt les ▁of ▁Ne um ark t ▁and ▁Lauf , ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Wür zburg ▁on ▁ 3 ▁September ▁ 1 7 9 6 . ▁During ▁these ▁consecutive ▁actions , ▁Hot ze ' s ▁organization ▁and ▁initi ative ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁over wh el ming ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁lines . ▁For ▁his ▁actions ▁in ▁this ▁campaign , ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁a ▁promotion ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁April ▁ 1 7 9 7 , ▁and ▁received ▁the ▁Commander ' s ▁Cross ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Maria ▁Ther esa . ▁ ▁Peace ▁and ▁the ▁Congress ▁of ▁R ast att ▁The ▁Co al ition ▁forces — A ust ria , ▁Russia , ▁Pr uss ia , ▁Great ▁Britain , ▁S ardin ia , ▁among ▁others — ach ieved ▁several ▁vict ories ▁at ▁Verd un , ▁Kais ers la ut ern , ▁Ne er w inden , ▁Main z , ▁Am berg ▁and ▁Wür zburg . ▁While ▁experien cing ▁greater ▁success ▁in ▁the ▁north , ▁in
▁Italy , ▁the ▁Co al ition ' s ▁achiev ements ▁were ▁more ▁limited . ▁Despite ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁experienced ▁of ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁gener als — D ago bert ▁W urm ser — the ▁Aust ri ans ▁could ▁not ▁lift ▁the ▁sie ge ▁at ▁Mant ua , ▁and ▁the ▁efforts ▁of ▁Napoleon ▁in ▁northern ▁Italy ▁pushed ▁Aust rian ▁forces ▁to ▁the ▁border ▁of ▁H abs burg ▁lands . ▁ ▁Napoleon ▁dict ated ▁a ▁ce ase - fire ▁at ▁Le oben ▁on ▁ 1 7 A pril ▁ 1 7 9 7 , ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁formal ▁peace ▁treat y , ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Cam po ▁Form io , ▁which ▁went ▁into ▁effect ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁October ▁ 1 7 9 7 . ▁ ▁The ▁treat y ▁called ▁for ▁meet ings ▁between ▁the ▁involved ▁parties , ▁to ▁work ▁out ▁the ▁exact ▁territorial ▁and ▁rem un er ative ▁details . ▁These ▁were ▁to ▁be ▁conven ed ▁at ▁a ▁small ▁town ▁in ▁the ▁mid - R hin eland , ▁R ast att , ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁French ▁border . ▁The ▁primary ▁combat ants ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Co al ition , ▁France ▁and ▁Austria , ▁were ▁highly ▁susp icious ▁of ▁each ▁other ' s ▁mot ives , ▁and ▁the ▁Congress ▁quickly ▁der a iled ▁in ▁a ▁m ire ▁of ▁intr igue ▁and ▁diplom atic ▁post uring . ▁The ▁French ▁demanded ▁more ▁territory ▁than ▁originally ▁agreed . ▁The ▁Aust ri ans ▁were ▁rel uct ant ▁to ▁c ede ▁the ▁designated ▁territ ories
. ▁The ▁R ast att ▁deleg ates ▁could ▁not , ▁or ▁would ▁not , ▁orch est rate ▁the ▁transfer ▁of ▁agreed ▁upon ▁territ ories ▁to ▁compens ate ▁the ▁German ▁princes ▁for ▁their ▁losses . ▁Comp ounding ▁the ▁Congress ' s ▁problems , ▁t ensions ▁grew ▁between ▁France ▁and ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁Co al ition ▁al lies , ▁either ▁separately ▁or ▁joint ly . ▁Ferdinand ▁of ▁Nap les ▁refused ▁to ▁pay ▁agreed - up on ▁t ribute ▁to ▁France , ▁and ▁his ▁subjects ▁followed ▁this ▁ref us al ▁with ▁a ▁re bell ion . ▁ ▁The ▁French ▁inv aded ▁Nap les ▁and ▁established ▁the ▁Par then ope an ▁Republic . ▁A ▁republic an ▁u pr ising ▁in ▁the ▁Swiss ▁cant ons , ▁encourag ed ▁by ▁the ▁French ▁Republic ▁which ▁offered ▁military ▁support , ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁over throw ▁of ▁the ▁Swiss ▁Confeder ation ▁and ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁Hel vet ic ▁Republic . ▁ ▁Other ▁factors ▁contributed ▁to ▁the ▁rising ▁t ensions . ▁On ▁his ▁way ▁to ▁Egypt ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 8 , ▁Napoleon ▁had ▁stopped ▁on ▁the ▁Island ▁of ▁Mal ta ▁and ▁for ci b ly ▁removed ▁the ▁H osp it all ers ▁from ▁their ▁poss essions . ▁This ▁anger ed ▁Paul , ▁Ts ar ▁of ▁Russia , ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁honor ary ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Order . ▁Furthermore , ▁the ▁French ▁Directory ▁was ▁convinced ▁that ▁the ▁Aust ri ans ▁were ▁conn iving ▁to ▁start ▁another ▁war . ▁Indeed , ▁the ▁we aker ▁the ▁French ▁Republic ▁seemed , ▁the ▁more
▁seriously ▁the ▁Aust ri ans , ▁the ▁Ne ap olit ans , ▁the ▁Rus si ans , ▁and ▁the ▁English ▁actually ▁discussed ▁this ▁possibility . ▁ ▁Out break ▁of ▁war ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 9 ▁With ▁the ▁signing ▁of ▁the ▁Tre aty ▁of ▁Cam po ▁Form io ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁October ▁ 1 7 9 7 , ▁Hot ze ▁left ▁Aust rian ▁service ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁his ▁home ▁in ▁Switzerland . ▁Hard ly ▁had ▁he ▁arrived ▁there ▁when ▁the ▁government ▁of ▁the ▁Swiss ▁Confeder ation ▁in ▁Bern ▁was ▁over th rown , ▁with ▁the ▁assistance ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Directory . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁Austria , ▁received ▁a ▁new ▁commission ▁and ▁a ▁new ▁command . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁already ▁in ▁the ▁border ▁regions ▁between ▁Switzerland , ▁Austria , ▁and ▁Lie chten stein ▁when ▁the ▁war ▁broke ▁out ▁again ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 9 . ▁ ▁Arch du ke ▁Charles ▁of ▁Austria , ▁arg u ably ▁among ▁the ▁best ▁command ers ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁H abs burg , ▁had ▁taken ▁command ▁of ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁army ▁in ▁late ▁January . ▁Although ▁Charles ▁was ▁unh appy ▁with ▁the ▁strategy ▁set ▁forward ▁by ▁his ▁brother , ▁the ▁Holy ▁Roman ▁Emperor ▁Francis ▁II , ▁he ▁had ▁acqu ies ced ▁to ▁the ▁less ▁am bit ious ▁plan ▁to ▁which ▁Francis ▁and ▁his ▁advis ers , ▁the ▁A ul ic ▁Council , ▁had ▁agreed : ▁Austria ▁would ▁fight ▁a ▁def ensive ▁war ▁and ▁would ▁maintain ▁a ▁continuous ▁def ensive ▁line ▁from ▁the ▁southern ▁bank ▁of ▁the
▁Dan ube , ▁across ▁the ▁Swiss ▁Cant ons ▁and ▁into ▁northern ▁Italy . ▁The ▁arch du ke ▁had ▁station ed ▁himself ▁at ▁Fried berg ▁for ▁the ▁winter , ▁ ▁east - s outh - east ▁of ▁A ugs burg . ▁His ▁army ▁settled ▁into ▁canton ments ▁in ▁the ▁en vir ons ▁of ▁A ugs burg , ▁extending ▁south ▁along ▁the ▁Le ch ▁River . ▁ ▁As ▁winter ▁broke ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 9 , ▁on ▁ 1 M arch , ▁General ▁Jean - B apt iste ▁J ourd an ▁and ▁his ▁army ▁of ▁ 2 5 , 0 0 0 , ▁ ▁the ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁Dan ube , ▁crossed ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁at ▁Ke hl . ▁Inst ruct ed ▁to ▁block ▁the ▁Aust ri ans ▁from ▁access ▁to ▁the ▁Swiss ▁al pine ▁passes , ▁J ourd an ▁planned ▁to ▁isol ate ▁the ▁arm ies ▁of ▁the ▁Co al ition ▁in ▁Germany ▁from ▁al lies ▁in ▁northern ▁Italy , ▁and ▁prevent ▁them ▁from ▁assist ing ▁one ▁another . ▁His ▁was ▁a ▁pre empt ive ▁strike . ▁By ▁crossing ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁in ▁early ▁March , ▁J ourd an ▁acted ▁before ▁the ▁Charles ' ▁army ▁could ▁be ▁rein for ced ▁by ▁Austria ' s ▁Russian ▁al lies , ▁who ▁had ▁agreed ▁to ▁send ▁ 6 0 , 0 0 0 season ed ▁soldiers ▁and ▁their ▁more - season ed ▁commander , ▁General iss imo ▁Alexander ▁Su vor ov . ▁Furthermore , ▁if ▁the ▁French ▁held ▁the ▁interior ▁passes ▁in ▁Switzerland ,
▁they ▁could ▁not ▁only ▁prevent ▁the ▁Aust ri ans ▁from ▁transfer ring ▁troops ▁between ▁northern ▁Italy ▁and ▁south western ▁Germany , ▁but ▁could ▁use ▁the ▁routes ▁to ▁move ▁their ▁own ▁forces ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁the aters . ▁ ▁The ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁Dan ube , ▁meeting ▁little ▁resistance , ▁advanced ▁through ▁the ▁Black ▁Forest ▁in ▁three ▁columns , ▁through ▁the ▁Hö ll ental ▁( H öl le ▁valley ), ▁via ▁Ober kir ch , ▁and ▁Fre uden stadt ; ▁a ▁fourth ▁column ▁advanced ▁along ▁the ▁north ▁shore ▁of ▁the ▁Rh ine , ▁and ▁eventually ▁took ▁a ▁fl ank ing ▁position ▁on ▁the ▁north ▁shore ▁of ▁Lake ▁Const ance . ▁J ourd an ▁pushed ▁across ▁the ▁Dan ube ▁plain ▁and ▁took ▁up ▁position ▁between ▁R ott we il ▁and ▁T utt lingen ▁and ▁eventually ▁pushing ▁toward ▁the ▁imperial ▁city ▁of ▁P full endorf ▁in ▁Upper ▁Sw ab ia . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁the ▁Army ▁of ▁Switzerland , ▁under ▁command ▁of ▁André ▁Mass é na , ▁pushed ▁toward ▁the ▁Gr isons , ▁int ending ▁to ▁cut ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁lines ▁of ▁communication ▁and ▁relief ▁at ▁the ▁mountain ▁passes ▁by ▁Lu zien ste ig ▁and ▁Feld kir ch . ▁ ▁A ▁third ▁Army ▁of ▁Italy , ▁commanded ▁by ▁Louis ▁Joseph ▁Sch érer , ▁had ▁already ▁advanced ▁into ▁northern ▁Italy , ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁Ferdinand ▁and ▁the ▁re cal cit rant ▁Ne ap olit ans . ▁ ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Co al ition ▁ ▁When ▁Hot ze ▁took ▁up ▁arms ▁against ▁the ▁French
▁in ▁Switzerland , ▁the ▁revolution ary ▁Swiss ▁government ▁in ▁Bern ▁rev oked ▁his ▁Swiss ▁citizens hip . ▁For ▁the ▁Co al ition ▁al lies , ▁though , ▁his ▁Swiss ▁roots ▁made ▁him ▁an ▁ideal ▁em iss ary ▁between ▁Vienna ▁and ▁Confeder ation ▁sympath izers ▁in ▁Switzerland . ▁ ▁He ▁worked ▁with ▁William ▁W ick ham , ▁and ▁a ▁Colonel ▁Williams , ▁an ▁English man ▁in ▁Aust rian ▁service , ▁to ▁establish ▁the ▁Bod ense e ▁( L ake ▁Const ance ) ▁Fl ot illa . ▁As ▁Feld mar sch all - le ut nant , ▁he ▁commanded ▁ 1 5 , 0 0 0 ▁troops ▁in ▁the ▁Vor ar l berg ▁against ▁France ' s ▁Army ▁of ▁Switzerland , ▁commanded ▁by ▁André ▁Mass é na . ▁ ▁After ▁fort ifying ▁Feld kir ch , ▁he ▁over wh el med ▁the ▁for tr ess ▁at ▁St . ▁Lu z iste ig , ▁an ▁important ▁pass ▁( e lev ation : ▁) ▁in ▁the ▁C anton ▁of ▁Gra ub ünd en ▁that ▁links ▁Swiss ▁Confeder ation ▁and ▁Lie chten stein . ▁ ▁Then , ▁real izing ▁that ▁the ▁main ▁French ▁army ▁had ▁crossed ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁and ▁moved ▁north ▁of ▁Lake ▁Const ance , ▁he ▁re organ ized ▁the ▁def enses ▁of ▁Feld kir ch , ▁and ▁deput ed ▁command ▁to ▁Fran jo ▁J ela č ić , ▁an ▁able ▁officer ▁and ▁commander . ▁ ▁Hot ze ▁took ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 of ▁the ▁ 1 5 , 5 0 0
▁troops ▁designated ▁for ▁the ▁defense ▁of ▁the ▁Vor ar l berg ▁toward ▁Lake ▁Const ance , ▁int ending ▁to ▁support ▁Arch du ke ▁Charles ' ▁left ▁wing ▁at ▁the ▁batt les ▁of ▁O stra ch ▁and , ▁a ▁few ▁days ▁later ▁Stock ach . ▁Although ▁his ▁forces ▁did ▁not ▁arrive ▁in ▁time ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁batt les , ▁the ▁threat ▁of ▁their ▁pending ▁arrival ▁influenced ▁French ▁planning . ▁In ▁his ▁absence , ▁J ella c ic ' s ▁ 5 , 5 0 0 ▁men ▁faced ▁ 1 2 , 0 0 0 ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁gener als ▁of ▁division ▁Jean - Jose ph ▁D ess ol les ▁and ▁Claude ▁L ec our be , ▁inf lic ting ▁enorm ous ▁cas ual ties ▁( 3 0 0 0 ) ▁on ▁the ▁French ▁while ▁suffering ▁minimal ▁losses ▁( 9 0 0 ) ▁of ▁their ▁own . ▁ ▁First ▁Battle ▁of ▁Zur ich ▁ ▁By ▁mid - May ▁ 1 7 9 9 , ▁the ▁Aust ri ans ▁had ▁wr ested ▁control ▁of ▁Switzerland ▁from ▁the ▁French ▁as ▁the ▁forces ▁of ▁Hot ze ▁and ▁Count ▁Heinrich ▁von ▁Bel leg arde ▁pushed ▁them ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁Gr isons ; ▁after ▁pushing ▁Jean - B apt iste ▁J ourd an ' s ▁force , ▁the ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁Dan ube , ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁Rh ine , ▁Arch du ke ▁Charles ' ▁own ▁s izable ▁force — about ▁ 1 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁strong — cross ed ▁the ▁Rh ine ,
▁and ▁prepared ▁to ▁join ▁with ▁the ▁arm ies ▁of ▁Hot ze ▁and ▁Bel leg arde ▁on ▁the ▁pla ins ▁by ▁Zürich . ▁ ▁The ▁French ▁Army ▁of ▁Hel vet ia ▁and ▁the ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁Dan ube , ▁now ▁both ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁Mass é na , ▁tried ▁to ▁prevent ▁this ▁mer ger ▁of ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁forces ; ▁in ▁a ▁pre lim inary ▁action ▁at ▁Winter thur , ▁the ▁Aust ri ans ▁succeeded ▁in ▁pushing ▁the ▁French ▁forces ▁out ▁of ▁Winter thur , ▁although ▁they ▁took ▁high ▁cas ual ties . ▁ ▁Once ▁the ▁union ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁days ▁of ▁June , ▁Arch du ke ▁Charles , ▁supported ▁by ▁Hot ze ' s ▁command , ▁attacked ▁French ▁positions ▁at ▁Zürich . ▁In ▁first ▁Battle ▁of ▁Zürich , ▁on ▁ 4 – 7 ▁June ▁ 1 7 9 9 , ▁Hot ze ▁commanded ▁the ▁entire ▁left ▁wing ▁of ▁Arch du ke ▁Charles ' ▁army , ▁which ▁included ▁ 2 0 ▁batt al ions ▁of ▁inf antry , ▁plus ▁support ▁art illery , ▁and ▁ 2 7 ▁squad rons ▁of ▁caval ry , ▁in ▁total , ▁ 1 9 , 0 0 0 ▁men . ▁Despite ▁being ▁wounded , ▁he ▁remained ▁on ▁the ▁field . ▁His ▁troops ▁not ▁only ▁pushed ▁the ▁French ▁back , ▁but ▁har ass ed ▁their ▁retre at , ▁forcing ▁them ▁across ▁the ▁Lim mat ▁river , ▁where ▁they ▁took ▁up ▁def ensive ▁positions . ▁ ▁Death ▁at ▁Second ▁Battle ▁of ▁Zur ich ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁
1 7 9 9 , ▁Arch du ke ▁Charles ▁received ▁orders ▁from ▁his ▁brother , ▁the ▁Emperor , ▁to ▁withdraw ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁army ▁across ▁the ▁Rh ine . ▁ ▁While ▁Charles ▁could ▁see ▁this ▁to ▁be ▁un reason able — Alex ander ▁Su vor ov ▁had ▁not ▁yet ▁reached ▁central ▁Switzerland , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁fol ly ▁to ▁think ▁that ▁Alexander ▁K ors akov ' s ▁force ▁of ▁ 3 0 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁Hot ze ' s ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁could ▁hold ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁region ▁until ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁Russian ▁force — the ▁order ▁was ▁em ph atic . ▁Charles ▁delayed ▁as ▁long ▁as ▁he ▁could , ▁but ▁in ▁late ▁August ▁he ▁with d rew ▁his ▁force ▁across ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁and ▁head ed ▁toward ▁Philipp s burg . ▁When ▁Su vor ov ▁heard ▁of ▁this ▁bre ach ▁of ▁military ▁common - s ense , ▁he ▁wonder ed ▁" the ▁ow l ▁[ refer ring ▁to ▁the ▁Emperor ] ▁has ▁either ▁gone ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁mind , ▁or ▁he ▁never ▁had ▁one ." ▁The ▁order ▁was ▁eventually ▁revers ed ▁too ▁late ▁for ▁the ▁Arch du ke ▁to ▁stop ▁his ▁withdraw al . ▁ ▁Un like ▁K ors akov , ▁Hot ze ▁knew ▁his ▁military ▁business , ▁and ▁he ▁had ▁organized ▁a ▁compet ent ▁defense ▁of ▁the ▁St . ▁G allen ▁border , ▁on ▁K ors akov ' s ▁left ▁fl ank , ▁reasoning , ▁correctly , ▁that ▁Su vor ov
▁was ▁on ▁his ▁way ▁and ▁needed ▁St . ▁G allen ▁as ▁a ▁safe ▁haven ▁after ▁he ▁passed ▁through ▁the ▁C anton ▁Schw yz . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁ 2 5 ▁September , ▁Hot ze ▁and ▁his ▁chief ▁of ▁staff , ▁Colonel ▁Count ▁von ▁Pl unk elt , ▁conducted ▁a ▁reconna issance ▁ride ▁near ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Sch än is , ▁on ▁the ▁Lin th ▁river , ▁only ▁ ▁from ▁Rich ters w il , ▁the ▁village ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁had ▁been ▁born . ▁In ▁the ▁heavy ▁morning ▁mist , ▁they ▁encountered ▁a ▁party ▁French ▁sc outs ▁from ▁the ▁ 2 5 th ▁demi - br ig ade ▁conce aled ▁behind ▁a ▁h edge . ▁Sum mon ed ▁to ▁surrender , ▁Hot ze ▁whe e led ▁around ▁and ▁sp ur red ▁his ▁horse , ▁where ▁both ▁he ▁and ▁Colonel ▁Pl um k elt ▁were ▁killed ▁by ▁a ▁vol ley ▁of ▁mus ket ry . ▁ ▁Initial ly , ▁Hot ze ▁was ▁taken ▁from ▁the ▁battle field ▁to ▁the ▁church ▁in ▁Sch än is , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁buried . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 1 , ▁his ▁body ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁B reg enz ▁and ▁established ▁in ▁a ▁monument ▁there . ▁ ▁Con sequ ences ▁of ▁Hot ze ' s ▁death ▁ ▁Hot ze ▁was ▁sor ely ▁missed . ▁Despite ▁mis - communic ation ▁between ▁and ▁among ▁the ▁British , ▁the ▁Aust ri ans ▁and ▁the ▁Rus si ans , ▁the ▁British ▁mis calcul ation ▁of ▁the ▁size ▁of ▁troops ▁(
cons ist ently ▁ 1 0 – 2 5 percent ▁higher ▁than ▁they ▁actually ▁were ), ▁the ▁lack ▁of ▁Swiss ▁volunte ers , ▁and ▁failed ▁promises ▁of ▁transport ▁m ules , ▁Su vor ov ▁organized ▁his ▁impress ive ▁march ▁across ▁the ▁Al ps ▁from ▁northern ▁Italy , ▁counting ▁on ▁K ors akov ▁and ▁his ▁Aust rian ▁al lies ▁to ▁hold ▁Zürich . ▁His ▁soldiers ▁took ▁the ▁pass ▁at ▁St . ▁Got th ard ▁in ▁a ▁bay on et ▁charge , ▁and ▁end ured ▁incred ible ▁hard ships ▁navig ating ▁the ▁narrow ▁tra ils ▁of ▁the ▁Al ps . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁Russian ▁army ▁reached ▁Schw yz , ▁prepar ing ▁to ▁descend ▁from ▁the ▁mountains ▁into ▁the ▁Zürich ▁plain , ▁Mass é na ' s ▁army ▁already ▁had ▁cr ushed ▁the ▁in comp et ent ▁K ors akov ' s ▁force ▁at ▁Zürich , ▁and , ▁in ▁Hot ze ' s ▁absence , ▁Jean - de - D ieu ▁Sou lt ' s ▁French ▁division ▁over wh el med ▁the ▁Aust rian ▁fl ank ▁at ▁Sch än is ▁and ▁crossed ▁the ▁Lin th ▁unh inder ed . ▁When ▁Su vor ov ▁cleared ▁the ▁mountains , ▁he ▁had ▁now here ▁to ▁go ; ▁he ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁withdraw ▁in ▁another ▁ar du ous ▁march ▁into ▁the ▁Vor ar l berg , ▁where ▁his ▁star ving ▁and ▁ra gg ed ▁army ▁arrived ▁in ▁late ▁October . ▁Between ▁K ors akov ' s ▁in ability ▁to ▁hold ▁the ▁French ▁at ▁Zürich , ▁and ▁Hot ze
' s ▁death ▁at ▁Sch än is , ▁the ▁Swiss ▁campaign ▁deg ener ated ▁to ▁an ▁utter ▁sh amb les . ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁and ▁notes ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁Bl anning , ▁Tim othy . ▁The ▁French ▁Revolution ary ▁Wars , ▁New ▁York : ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁. ▁E bert , ▁J ens - F lor ian , ▁ ▁" F ried rich ▁Frei herr ▁von ▁Hot ze ," ▁ ▁Die ▁Österreich ischen ▁Gener ä le ▁ 1 7 9 2 – 1 8 1 5 . ▁ ▁Access ed ▁ 1 5 Oct ober ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁H oll ins , ▁David , ▁Aust rian ▁Command ers ▁of ▁the ▁Napole onic ▁Wars , ▁ 1 7 9 2 – 1 8 1 5 , ▁London : ▁O sp rey , ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁H ür lim ann , ▁Kat ja , ▁ ▁( J oh ann ▁Kon rad ) ▁" F ried rich ▁von ▁Hot ze ", ▁ ▁Histor isches ▁Lexikon ▁der ▁Schweiz , ▁ 1 5 J anu ary ▁ 2 0 0 8 ed ition , ▁accessed ▁ 1 8 Oct ober ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁K ud r na , ▁Leopold ▁and ▁Dig by ▁Smith . ▁" E ster h azy ." ▁A ▁bi ographical ▁dictionary ▁of ▁all ▁Aust rian ▁Gener als ▁in ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ary ▁and ▁Napole onic ▁Wars , ▁ 1 7 9 2
– 1 8 1 5 . ▁At ▁Napoleon ▁Series , ▁Robert ▁Burn ham , ▁editor ▁in ▁chief . ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁version . ▁Access ed ▁ 4 Nov ember ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁--> ▁Long worth , ▁Philip , ▁The ▁art ▁of ▁victory : ▁the ▁life ▁and ▁achiev ements ▁of ▁General iss imo ▁Su var ov , ▁London : ▁Const able , ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁. ▁ ▁L ins , ▁Joseph . ▁" Saint ▁Petersburg ." . ▁The ▁Catholic ▁Encyclopedia . ▁Vol . ▁ 1 3 . ▁New ▁York : ▁Robert ▁App leton ▁Company , ▁ 1 9 1 2 . ▁ 1 7 Oct . ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁M ör g eli , ▁Christoph , ▁ ▁" J oh annes ▁Hot ze " ▁ ▁Histor isches ▁Lexikon ▁der ▁Schweiz , ▁▁ 2 9 Oct ober ▁ 2 0 0 7 ed ition , ▁Access ed ▁ 1 8 Oct ober ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁▁ ▁Ph ipp s , ▁R ams ay ▁West on . ▁The ▁Arm ies ▁of ▁the ▁First ▁French ▁Republic , ▁volume ▁ 5 : ▁" The ▁arm ies ▁of ▁the ▁Rh ine ▁in ▁Switzerland , ▁Holland , ▁Italy , ▁Egypt ▁and ▁the ▁coup ▁d ' et at ▁of ▁Br um aire , ▁ 1 7 9 7 – 1 7 9 9 ," ▁Oxford : ▁Oxford ▁University ▁Press , ▁ 1 9 3 9 . ▁ ▁Rick ard , ▁John . ▁Battle
▁of ▁N eres heim , ▁ 1 1 ▁August ▁ 1 7 9 6 . ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁War ▁online . ▁Peter ▁Ant ill , ▁Tr istan ▁D ug dale - Point on , ▁and ▁John ▁Rick ard , ▁edit ors . ▁Access ed ▁ 1 4 ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Sh ad well , ▁Lawrence . ▁Mountain ▁war fare ▁illustrated ▁by ▁the ▁campaign ▁of ▁ 1 7 9 9 ▁in ▁Switzerland ▁: ▁being ▁a ▁translation ▁of ▁the ▁Swiss ▁narr ative , ▁compiled ▁from ▁the ▁works ▁of ▁the ▁Arch du ke ▁Charles , ▁J omini , ▁and ▁other ... Lond on : ▁Henry ▁S . ▁King , ▁ 1 8 7 5 . ▁ ▁Smith , ▁Dig by . ▁The ▁Napole onic ▁Wars ▁Data ▁Book . ▁London : ▁Green hill , ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁. ▁ ▁Young , ▁John , ▁D . D . ▁A ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Com men cement , ▁Progress , ▁and ▁Term ination ▁of ▁the ▁Late ▁War ▁between ▁Great ▁Britain ▁and ▁France ▁which ▁continued ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁day ▁of ▁February ▁ 1 7 9 3 to ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁October ▁ 1 8 0 1 , ▁in ▁two ▁volumes . ▁Edinburgh : ▁Turn b ull , ▁ 1 8 0 2 , ▁vol . ▁ 2 . ▁University ▁of ▁Zur ich . ▁" K lass ich es - Ph il olog isches ▁Sem inar ". ▁ ▁Ab . ▁ 1 3 Nov ember ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Access
ed ▁ 1 4 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Category : 1 7 3 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 7 9 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Rich ters w il ▁Category : A ust rian ▁lieutenant ▁field ▁mar sh als ▁Category : Bar ons ▁of ▁Austria ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ary ▁Wars ▁Category : A ust rian ▁Empire ▁military ▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ary ▁Wars ▁Category : 1 8 th - century ▁Aust rian ▁military ▁personnel ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Revolution ary ▁Wars ▁killed ▁in ▁battle <0x0A> </s> ▁Ru ania ceae ▁is ▁an ▁Act in om yc ete ▁family ▁with ▁two ▁monot yp ic ▁gener a . ▁ ▁Ph y log eny ▁The ▁currently ▁accepted ▁tax onomy ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁List ▁of ▁Pro k ary otic ▁names ▁with ▁Stand ing ▁in ▁N omen cl ature ▁( L PS N ) ▁ ▁and ▁National ▁Center ▁for ▁Bi ote chn ology ▁Information ▁( NC BI ) ▁and ▁the ▁ph y log eny ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁ 1 6 S ▁r R NA - based ▁L TP ▁release ▁ 1 0 6 ▁by ▁The ▁All - Spe cies ▁Living ▁Tree ▁Project ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M icro c occ ine ae ▁Category : Act in om yc et ales ▁Category : So il ▁bi ology ▁ ▁es : M icro c occ ine ae <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁G os per ▁County ▁Cour th ouse ,
▁at ▁ 5 0 7 ▁Smith ▁A ve . ▁in ▁El wood , ▁Neb r aska , ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁designed ▁by ▁architect s ▁Mc Cl ure ▁& ▁Walker ▁with ▁Art ▁Dec o ▁style . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁listed ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁de emed ▁histor ically ▁significant ▁for ▁its ▁architecture ▁and ▁for ▁its ▁association ▁with ▁politics ▁and ▁local ▁government ; ▁ ▁it ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁seven ▁Neb r aska ▁cour th ouses ▁built ▁by ▁New ▁De al ▁programs . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Category : C our th ouses ▁on ▁the ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁Neb r aska ▁Category : Art ▁Dec o ▁architecture ▁in ▁Neb r aska ▁Category : G overn ment ▁buildings ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁G os per ▁County , ▁Neb r aska ▁Category : Count y ▁cour th ouses ▁in ▁Neb r aska ▁Category : National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Places ▁in ▁G os per ▁County , ▁Neb r aska <0x0A> </s> ▁Ca en ina ▁was ▁a ▁town ▁nearby ▁ancient ▁Rome , ▁in ▁Lat ium . ▁ ▁In ▁Rome ' s ▁early ▁semi - legend ary ▁history , ▁the ▁king ▁of ▁the ▁Rom ans , ▁Rom ulus , ▁sought ▁to ▁obtain ▁women ▁as ▁w ives ▁for ▁his ▁male ▁citizens . ▁After ▁deleg ations ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁nearby ▁regions ▁request ing ▁w ives ▁and
▁the ▁deleg ations ▁were ▁refused , ▁Rom ulus ▁de vised ▁a ▁festival ▁of ▁Ne pt une ▁E quest er ▁and ▁proc laimed ▁the ▁festival ▁amongst ▁Rome ' s ▁neighb ours . ▁The ▁citizens ▁of ▁Ca en ina ▁( the ▁Ca en in enses ) ▁attended ▁the ▁festival ▁along ▁with ▁many ▁others ▁of ▁Rome ' s ▁neighb ours , ▁including ▁the ▁Cr ust um ini , ▁and ▁An tem n ates , ▁and ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁Sab ines . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁festival ▁Rom ulus ▁gave ▁a ▁signal , ▁at ▁which ▁the ▁Rom ans ▁gra bb ed ▁the ▁vir g ins ▁amongst ▁the ▁spect ators ▁for ▁w ives . ▁This ▁event ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁The ▁R ape ▁of ▁the ▁Sab ine ▁Women . ▁ ▁Out rag ed ▁at ▁the ▁occurrence , ▁the ▁king ▁of ▁the ▁Ca en in enses ▁entered ▁upon ▁Roman ▁territory ▁with ▁his ▁army . ▁ ▁Rom ulus ▁and ▁the ▁Rom ans ▁met ▁the ▁Ca en in enses ▁in ▁battle , ▁killed ▁their ▁king , ▁and ▁rout ed ▁their ▁army . ▁Rom ulus ▁subsequently ▁attacked ▁Ca en ina ▁and ▁took ▁it ▁at ▁the ▁first ▁assault . ▁ ▁Return ing ▁to ▁Rome , ▁Rom ulus ▁dedicated ▁a ▁temple ▁to ▁Jup iter ▁Fer et ri us ▁( acc ording ▁to ▁Liv y , ▁the ▁first ▁temple ▁dedicated ▁in ▁Rome ) ▁and ▁offered ▁the ▁spo ils ▁of ▁the ▁enemy ▁king ▁as ▁sp olia ▁op ima . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Fast i ▁Tri umph ales , ▁Rom ulus ▁celebrated ▁a ▁triumph ▁over ▁the ▁Ca en
in enses ▁on ▁ 1 ▁March ▁ 7 5 2 ▁BC . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : R oman ▁towns ▁and ▁cities ▁in ▁Italy <0x0A> </s> ▁Daniel ▁No el ▁Dr ink water ▁( born ▁ 5 ▁March ▁ 1 9 9 0 ) ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁as ▁a ▁mid f iel der ▁for ▁A ston ▁Villa , ▁on ▁loan ▁from ▁fellow ▁ ▁club ▁Ch else a , ▁and ▁the ▁England ▁national ▁team . ▁He ▁previously ▁played ▁for ▁Manchester ▁United ▁and ▁Le ic ester ▁City , ▁and ▁has ▁spent ▁time ▁on ▁loan ▁at ▁Hud ders field ▁Town , ▁Card iff ▁City , ▁Wat ford ▁and ▁Bar ns ley . ▁Dr ink water ▁has ▁also ▁played ▁intern ation ally ▁for ▁England ▁at ▁under - 1 8 ▁and ▁under - 1 9 ▁levels . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁Premier ▁League ▁winner , ▁having ▁won ▁the ▁competition ▁with ▁Le ic ester ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁season . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁ ▁Manchester ▁United ▁Born ▁in ▁Manchester , ▁Dr ink water ▁joined ▁the ▁Manchester ▁United ▁a cademy ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁nine , ▁progress ing ▁through ▁the ▁ranks ▁before ▁ear ning ▁a ▁tra ine e ▁contract ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁In ▁his ▁first ▁season ▁at ▁the ▁club , ▁Dr ink water ▁became ▁a ▁regular ▁in ▁the ▁Manchester ▁United ▁under - 1 8 ▁team , ▁making ▁ 2 7 ▁appearances ▁and ▁scoring ▁two ▁goals . ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁first ▁taste ▁of ▁reserve ▁team ▁action ▁that ▁same
▁season , ▁coming ▁off ▁the ▁ben ch ▁to ▁replace ▁R itch ie ▁Jones ▁in ▁a ▁ 5 – 2 ▁Premier ▁Reserve ▁League ▁win ▁at ▁home ▁to ▁W igan ▁Athlet ic . ▁The ▁following ▁season , ▁Dr ink water ▁cons olid ated ▁his ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁under - 1 8 s ▁team ▁while ▁increasing ▁his ▁presence ▁in ▁the ▁res erves . ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Lanc ash ire ▁Senior ▁Cup ▁final ▁against ▁Liverpool ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Dr ink water ▁came ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁ 5 6 th - min ute ▁substitute ▁for ▁Rod r igo ▁Pos se bon ▁before ▁scoring ▁the ▁winning ▁goal ▁three ▁minutes ▁from ▁full - time . ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 – 0 9 ▁season , ▁Dr ink water ▁became ▁a ▁regular ▁in ▁the ▁reserve ▁team , ▁making ▁ 1 8 ▁appearances ▁and ▁getting ▁on ▁the ▁scores heet ▁twice . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁he ▁was ▁called ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁Manchester ▁United ▁first ▁team ▁for ▁their ▁dead ▁rub ber ▁league ▁match ▁against ▁H ull ▁City ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁He ▁was ▁named ▁on ▁the ▁ben ch , ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁take ▁to ▁the ▁field . ▁ ▁Lo ans ▁To ▁gain ▁first - team ▁experience , ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Dr ink water ▁joined ▁Hud ders field ▁Town ▁on ▁loan ▁for ▁the ▁duration ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9
– 1 0 ▁season . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁club ▁the ▁very ▁next ▁day , ▁coming ▁on ▁in ▁the ▁ 7 2 nd ▁minute ▁for ▁Gary ▁Roberts ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 1 ▁win ▁at ▁home ▁to ▁South am pton . ▁His ▁first ▁goal ▁for ▁Hud ders field ▁came ▁three ▁days ▁later ▁in ▁a ▁ 7 – 1 ▁home ▁win ▁over ▁Bright on ▁& ▁H ove ▁Alb ion , ▁five ▁minutes ▁after ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁ 6 4 th - min ute ▁substitute . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁start ▁for ▁Hud ders field ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 – 0 ▁defeat ▁at ▁Br istol ▁Ro vers ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁August . ▁ ▁On ▁ 8 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Manchester ▁United ▁agreed ▁for ▁Dr ink water ▁to ▁spend ▁a ▁season - long ▁loan ▁spell ▁at ▁Card iff ▁City . ▁As ▁they ▁were ▁under ▁a ▁transfer ▁embargo ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁Card iff ▁said ▁that ▁the ▁move ▁would ▁be ▁completed ▁once ▁this ▁had ▁been ▁lifted . ▁The ▁move ▁was ▁eventually ▁confirmed ▁on ▁ 6 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁once ▁the ▁embargo ▁had ▁been ▁removed . ▁Dr ink water ' s ▁compet itive ▁debut ▁for ▁Card iff ▁two ▁days ▁later , ▁in ▁their ▁ 1 – 1 ▁home ▁draw ▁with ▁She ff ield ▁United ▁on ▁the ▁opening ▁day ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 – 1 1 ▁Football ▁League ▁season . ▁ ▁Despite ▁the ▁loan ▁having ▁originally ▁been ▁intended ▁to ▁last ▁the ▁entire ▁season ,
▁Manchester ▁United ▁re called ▁Dr ink water ▁from ▁Card iff ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁During ▁his ▁time ▁with ▁Card iff , ▁Dr ink water ▁made ▁ 1 2 ▁appearances , ▁including ▁nine ▁in ▁the ▁Championship . ▁ ▁Just ▁three ▁days ▁after ▁his ▁return ▁to ▁Manchester ▁United , ▁Dr ink water ▁joined ▁Wat ford ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁on ▁loan ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 3 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Dr ink water ▁joined ▁Bar ns ley ▁on ▁loan ▁until ▁ 2 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁which ▁was ▁later ▁extended ▁until ▁ 3 0 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁He ▁made ▁ 1 7 ▁Championship ▁appearances ▁for ▁the ▁Ty kes , ▁scoring ▁in ▁a ▁ 5 – 3 ▁loss ▁at ▁his ▁former ▁team ▁Card iff ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁October . ▁ ▁Le ic ester ▁City ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 0 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Dr ink water ▁joined ▁Le ic ester ▁City ▁from ▁Manchester ▁United ▁for ▁an ▁und is closed ▁fee . ▁ ▁After ▁being ▁named ▁Championship ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁for ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁he ▁was ▁also ▁one ▁of ▁three ▁players ▁who ▁received ▁a ▁nom ination ▁for ▁the ▁Championship ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁Award . ▁Dr ink water ▁had ▁his ▁most ▁successful ▁year ▁as ▁a ▁professional , ▁scoring ▁seven ▁goals ▁and ▁being ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁P FA ▁Championship
▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁alongside ▁team m ates ▁Kas per ▁Sch me ich el ▁and ▁Wes ▁Morgan , ▁as ▁Le ic ester ▁were ▁promoted ▁to ▁the ▁Premier ▁League ▁after ▁winning ▁the ▁Championship . ▁On ▁ 1 7 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Dr ink water ▁signed ▁a ▁new ▁four - year ▁deal ▁with ▁Le ic ester ▁after ▁helping ▁the ▁Fox es ▁win ▁promotion ▁to ▁the ▁Premier ▁League ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁ten ▁years . ▁ ▁Dr ink water ▁played ▁consist ently ▁as ▁the ▁Fox es ▁won ▁the ▁Premier ▁League ▁title ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 , ▁alongside ▁his ▁mid field ▁partners ▁N ' G olo ▁Kant é , ▁Marc ▁Al br ight on ▁and ▁R iy ad ▁Mah rez . ▁He ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁top - fl ight ▁goal ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁to ▁open ▁a ▁ 3 – 0 ▁win ▁over ▁Sto ke ▁City ▁at ▁the ▁King ▁Power ▁Stadium . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 5 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁Dr ink water ▁signed ▁a ▁contract ▁to ▁remain ▁with ▁the ▁club ▁until ▁ 2 0 2 1 . ▁ ▁Ch else a ▁On ▁ 1 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Dr ink water ▁signed ▁for ▁Premier ▁League ▁champions ▁Ch else a ▁on ▁a ▁five - year ▁contract , ▁for ▁a ▁£ 3 5 mill ion ▁fee . ▁Due ▁to ▁a ▁th igh ▁injury ▁that ▁ruled ▁him ▁out ▁previously , ▁he ▁made ▁his ▁debut
▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁October ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁ 1 6 ▁of ▁the ▁E FL ▁Cup , ▁playing ▁an ▁hour ▁of ▁a ▁ 2 – 1 ▁home ▁win ▁over ▁Ever ton . ▁Dr ink water ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁Premier ▁League ▁start ▁for ▁the ▁Blues ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 – 1 ▁draw ▁against ▁Liverpool ▁at ▁An field ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁November . ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁December , ▁he ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁goal ▁for ▁Ch else a , ▁a ▁well - exec uted ▁half ▁vol ley , ▁in ▁a ▁ 5 – 0 ▁home ▁win ▁over ▁Sto ke ▁City . ▁His ▁first ▁season ▁at ▁Ch else a ▁saw ▁him ▁make ▁ 2 2 ▁appearances ▁in ▁all ▁compet itions , ▁including ▁four ▁in ▁the ▁Blues ’ ▁triumph ant ▁FA ▁Cup ▁campaign . ▁However , ▁injury ▁meant ▁Dr ink water ▁was ▁not ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁final , ▁against ▁his ▁old ▁club ▁Manchester ▁United . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁arrival ▁of ▁new ▁manager ▁Maur izio ▁Sar ri , ▁Dr ink water ▁made ▁no ▁league ▁appearances ▁at ▁all ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 – 1 9 ▁season . ▁His ▁only ▁appearance ▁in ▁all ▁compet itions ▁was ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁FA ▁Community ▁Sh ield ▁against ▁Manchester ▁City ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Lo an ▁to ▁Burn ley ▁Dr ink water ▁signed ▁for ▁Premier ▁League ▁club ▁Burn ley ▁on ▁ 8 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁on ▁loan ▁until ▁ 6 ▁January ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁He
▁made ▁his ▁Burn ley ▁debut ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 1 ▁E FL ▁Cup ▁defeat ▁to ▁S under land . ▁ ▁On ▁ 3 1 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁he ▁was ▁alleg edly ▁attacked ▁outside ▁a ▁night club , ▁resulting ▁in ▁injury ▁and ▁two ▁weeks ▁out - of - action . ▁He ▁did ▁not ▁make ▁his ▁league ▁debut ▁until ▁ 3 ▁December , ▁in ▁a ▁ 4 – 1 ▁loss ▁to ▁Manchester ▁City . ▁Dr ink water ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁get ▁back ▁into ▁the ▁team ▁after ▁that ▁game , ▁and ▁on ▁ 3 ▁January ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Burn ley ▁manager ▁Se an ▁Dy che ▁confirmed ▁that ▁Burn ley ▁would ▁not ▁extend ▁his ▁loan ▁and ▁he ▁would ▁return ▁to ▁Ch else a . ▁ ▁Lo an ▁to ▁A ston ▁Villa ▁ ▁On ▁ 7 ▁January ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁Dr ink water ▁signed ▁for ▁A ston ▁Villa ▁on ▁loan ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁A ston ▁Villa ▁manager ▁Dean ▁Smith ▁watched ▁Dr ink water ▁train ▁with ▁the ▁team ▁before ▁confirm ing ▁his ▁loan ▁deal . ▁Smith ▁stated ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁confident ▁that ▁Dr ink water ▁had ▁put ▁the ▁issues ▁that ▁had ▁affected ▁his ▁previous ▁loan ▁behind ▁him ▁and ▁he ▁would ▁be ▁ready ▁to ▁provide ▁cover ▁for ▁the ▁injured ▁John ▁McG inn . ▁On ▁ 1 1 ▁March , ▁Dr ink water ▁was ▁told ▁to ▁leave ▁A ston ▁Villa ' s ▁training ▁ground ▁following
▁an ▁alter cation ▁with ▁team mate ▁J ota , ▁in ▁which ▁Dr ink water ▁reported ly ▁directed ▁a ▁head but t ▁at ▁the ▁player . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁Dr ink water ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁England ▁under - 1 8 ▁team ▁in ▁their ▁ 2 – 0 ▁win ▁over ▁Gh ana , ▁where ▁he ▁scored ▁the ▁second ▁goal ▁of ▁the ▁match . ▁His ▁second ▁under - 1 8 ▁cap ▁came ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 0 ▁win ▁over ▁Austria . ▁ ▁He ▁also ▁made ▁appearances ▁for ▁the ▁England ▁under - 1 9 s ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁His ▁first ▁appearance ▁came ▁in ▁their ▁match ▁against ▁Alban ia ▁on ▁ 8 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁His ▁final ▁appearance ▁for ▁the ▁England ▁under - 1 9 s ▁came ▁against ▁Ukraine ▁on ▁ 2 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁called ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁full ▁England ▁squad ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁on ▁ 1 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁ahead ▁of ▁friend lies ▁against ▁Germany ▁and ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁ 1 2 ▁days ▁later ▁in ▁the ▁latter ▁match , ▁a ▁ 2 – 1 ▁loss ▁at ▁W emble y ▁Stadium ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁man ▁of ▁the ▁match . ▁Dr ink water ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁Roy ▁H od g son ' s ▁ 2 6 - man ▁prov is ional ▁squad ▁for ▁UEFA ▁Euro ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁but ▁was ▁one
▁of ▁three ▁players ▁ax ed ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁selection . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Dr ink water ▁was ▁charged ▁with ▁drink - d riv ing ▁after ▁crash ing ▁his ▁Range ▁R over ▁into ▁a ▁wall ▁in ▁M ere , ▁Ch esh ire . ▁There ▁were ▁two ▁other ▁passengers ▁in ▁the ▁car ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁accident , ▁who ▁were ▁treated ▁for ▁minor ▁inj uries . ▁Dr ink water ▁appeared ▁at ▁Stock port ▁Mag istr ates ' ▁Court ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁May , ▁where ▁he ▁ple aded ▁guilty ▁to ▁drink - d riv ing ▁and ▁received ▁a ▁ 2 0 - month ▁driving ▁ban . ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Dr ink water ▁was ▁attacked ▁outside ▁a ▁Manchester ▁night club , ▁alleg edly ▁following ▁a ▁dispute ▁with ▁fellow ▁footballer ▁K g osi ▁N tl he , ▁which ▁resulted ▁in ▁an k le ▁lig ament ▁damage . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁Club ▁ ▁International ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁Le ic ester ▁City ▁ ▁Premier ▁League : ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁ ▁Football ▁League ▁Championship : ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁ ▁Ch else a ▁ ▁FA ▁Cup : ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁ ▁England ▁U 1 9 ▁ ▁UEFA ▁European ▁Under - 1 9 ▁Championship ▁runner - up : ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁ ▁Ind ividual ▁ ▁P FA ▁Team ▁of ▁the ▁Year : ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1
4 ▁Championship ▁ ▁Football ▁League ▁Championship ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Month : ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁ ▁Le ic ester ▁City ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Season : ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁ ▁Le ic ester ▁City ▁Go al ▁of ▁the ▁Season : ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Profile ▁at ▁the ▁Burn ley ▁F . C . ▁website ▁Profile ▁at ▁the ▁Ch else a ▁F . C . ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁from ▁Manchester ▁Category : English ▁football ers ▁Category : Eng land ▁youth ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Eng land ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : Man chester ▁United ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : H ud ders field ▁Town ▁A . F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Card iff ▁City ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : W at ford ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Bar ns ley ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Le ic ester ▁City ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Ch else a ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : B urn ley ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : A ston ▁Villa ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : English ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : P rem ier ▁League ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁José ▁Juan ▁B area ▁M ora ▁( born ▁June ▁ 2 6 ,
▁ 1 9 8 4 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁professional ▁basketball ▁player ▁for ▁the ▁Dallas ▁Ma ver icks ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Basketball ▁Association ▁( N BA ). ▁He ▁played ▁college ▁basketball ▁for ▁N ort he astern ▁University ▁before ▁joining ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁becoming ▁only ▁the ▁sevent h ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁NBA . ▁He ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁win ▁an ▁NBA ▁championship ▁with ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁before ▁signing ▁with ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁Tim ber wol ves , ▁where ▁he ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁next ▁three ▁seasons . ▁He ▁has ▁also ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁NBA ▁Development ▁League ▁and ▁the ▁Bal onc esto ▁Super ior ▁Nacional . ▁ ▁B area ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁national ▁team ▁that ▁won ▁the ▁gold ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Central ▁American ▁and ▁Car ib bean ▁Games . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁starting ▁point ▁guard ▁for ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁when ▁they ▁won ▁the ▁gold ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁and ▁the ▁silver ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁B area ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁the ▁municipality ▁of ▁May ag ü ez ▁in ▁the ▁west ▁coast ▁of ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁to ▁parents ▁Mart a ▁( née ▁M ora ) ▁and ▁Ja ime ▁B area . ▁With ▁an ▁engineer ▁father ▁and ▁a ▁mother ▁who ▁was
▁a ▁retired ▁professor ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁vol ley ball ▁and ▁tennis ▁coach , ▁he ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁an ▁upper - middle ▁class ▁neighborhood ▁of ▁May ag ü ez . ▁B area ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁Boy ▁Sc outs ▁of ▁America ▁Tro op ▁ 7 9 0 ▁for ▁seven ▁years . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁B area ▁started ▁playing ▁basketball ▁for ▁Ind ios ▁de ▁May ag ü ez ▁of ▁the ▁Bal onc esto ▁Super ior ▁Nacional ▁( BS N ). ▁Later ▁that ▁year , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁Florida ▁ ▁to ▁attend ▁high ▁school ▁at ▁Miami ▁Christian ▁School ▁in ▁Miami , ▁Florida . ▁As ▁a ▁senior ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 – 0 2 , ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 2 0 ▁points , ▁ 6 ▁reb ounds , ▁ 8 ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁ 3 ▁ste als ▁in ▁helping ▁his ▁team ▁to ▁the ▁state ▁title ▁and ▁a ▁ 3 8 – 2 ▁record . ▁He ▁made ▁a ▁name ▁for ▁himself ▁nation ally ▁at ▁the ▁City ▁of ▁Pal ms ▁event ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁team ' s ▁leading ▁sc orer ▁and ▁show c ased ▁an ▁accurate ▁shot ▁from ▁three - point ▁range . ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁he ▁en rolled ▁at ▁N ort he astern ▁University . ▁ ▁After ▁att ending ▁N ort he astern ▁University , ▁B area ▁would ▁return ▁to ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁to ▁re join ▁Ind ios ▁de ▁May ag ü ez ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0
0 2 ▁B SN ▁season ; ▁there , ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 2 . 8 ▁points ▁in ▁ 1 4 ▁games . ▁ ▁College ▁career ▁As ▁a ▁fresh man ▁playing ▁for ▁the ▁N ort he astern ▁H usk ies ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 , ▁B area ▁earned ▁third - team ▁All - America ▁East ▁Conference ▁ ▁( A EC ) ▁and ▁A EC ▁All - R ook ie ▁team ▁hon ors , ▁after ▁aver aging ▁a ▁conference - leading ▁ 1 7 ▁points ▁to ▁go ▁along ▁with ▁ 3 ▁reb ounds , ▁ 3 . 9 ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁ 1 . 9 ▁ste als ▁in ▁ 2 8 ▁cont ests . ▁He ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁fresh man ▁in ▁Hus ky ▁basketball ▁history ▁to ▁record ▁ 4 0 0 ▁points ▁and ▁ 1 0 0 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁a ▁season ▁and ▁acc ru ed ▁a ▁team - high ▁ 2 5 ▁games ▁of ▁scoring ▁in ▁double - fig ures . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁s oph om ore ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 0 4 , ▁B area ▁earned ▁ ▁First ▁Team ▁All - America ▁East ▁hon ors ▁after ▁finishing ▁second ▁in ▁that ▁conference ▁for ▁both ▁scoring ▁( 2 0 . 7 ▁p pg ) ▁and ▁ass ists ▁( 5 . 8 ▁ap g ) ▁and ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁Hus ky ▁since ▁Reg gie ▁Lewis ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 6 – 8 7 ▁to ▁average ▁at ▁least ▁ 2 0 ▁points ▁per ▁game . ▁
▁As ▁a ▁junior ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 – 0 5 , ▁B area ▁ranked ▁second ▁in ▁the ▁America ▁East ▁and ▁e ighth ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁scoring ▁( 2 2 . 2 ▁p pg ); ▁he ▁also ▁led ▁the ▁conference ▁and ▁was ▁fifth ▁in ▁the ▁nation ▁in ▁ass ists ▁( 7 . 3 ▁ap g ). ▁He ▁later ▁earned ▁first - team ▁All - A EC ▁hon ors ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁consecutive ▁year . ▁Further , ▁he ▁placed ▁third ▁in ▁ass ists ▁( 2 1 8 ), ▁fourth ▁in ▁three - pointer s ▁( 6 8 ), ▁and ▁sixth ▁in ▁points ▁( 6 6 5 ) ▁on ▁N ort he astern ' s ▁single - season ▁charts , ▁and ▁tied ▁the ▁school ▁record ▁with ▁a ▁career - high ▁ 4 1 ▁points ▁against ▁the ▁St ony ▁Brook ▁Se aw ol ves . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁named ▁a ▁final ist ▁for ▁the ▁ill ust ri ous ▁Bob ▁C ous y ▁Award . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁senior ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 – 0 6 , ▁B area ▁was ▁named ▁Honor able ▁M ention ▁All - America ▁by ▁The ▁Associ ated ▁Press , ▁the ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁in ▁the ▁Col onial ▁Athlet ic ▁Association ▁( CAA ), ▁first - team ▁All - CAA , ▁first - team ▁N ABC ▁All - D istrict ▁One , ▁and ▁Mid - M aj or ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁by ▁College In s ider . com . ▁He ▁led ▁N ort he astern ▁and ▁finished
▁third ▁in ▁the ▁nation ▁in ▁ass ists ▁( 8 . 4 ▁ap g ), ▁and ▁he ▁finished ▁ 1 9 th ▁in ▁the ▁nation ▁in ▁scoring ▁( 2 1 . 0 ▁p pg ). ▁B area ▁was ▁yet ▁again ▁named ▁a ▁final ist ▁for ▁the ▁Bob ▁C ous y ▁Award . ▁B area ▁finished ▁his ▁colleg iate ▁career ▁as ▁the ▁school ' s ▁second ▁all - time ▁leading ▁sc orer , ▁with ▁ 2 , 2 0 9 ▁points ▁behind ▁Reg gie ▁Lewis , ▁and ▁he ▁left ▁N ort he astern ▁as ▁its ▁second ▁all - time ▁leader ▁in ▁ass ists , ▁with ▁ 7 2 1 , ▁and ▁its ▁leader ▁in ▁three - point ▁field ▁goals ▁made ▁( 2 5 5 ). ▁ ▁Post - col lege ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁B area ▁had ▁a ▁product ive ▁performance ▁at ▁the ▁Port sm outh ▁Inv it ational ▁Tournament ▁in ▁Virginia , ▁finishing ▁with ▁aver ages ▁of ▁ 1 4 . 0 ▁points , ▁ 1 3 . 7 ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁ 5 . 7 ▁reb ounds ▁per ▁game ▁in ▁three ▁cont ests . ▁B area ▁broke ▁the ▁single - game ▁and ▁single - t ourn ament ▁assist ▁records , ▁as ▁he ▁d ished ▁out ▁ 1 8 ▁ass ists ▁for ▁Beach ▁Bart on ▁Ford ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 1 8 – 1 0 0 ▁victory ▁over ▁Nor folk ▁Sports ▁Club , ▁giving ▁him ▁ 4 1 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁three ▁games . ▁For ▁his ▁efforts , ▁B
area ▁received ▁the ▁tournament ' s ▁first ▁Allen ▁I vers on ▁A . I . ▁award , ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁player ▁de emed ▁most ▁important ▁to ▁his ▁team . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁Port sm outh ▁Inv it ational ▁Tournament , ▁B area ▁returned ▁to ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁to ▁join ▁C ang re jer os ▁de ▁Sant ur ce ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁B SN ▁season , ▁where ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 1 0 . 4 ▁points , ▁ 2 . 7 ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁ 2 . 8 ▁reb ounds ▁over ▁ 9 ▁games . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁ ▁Dallas ▁Ma ver icks ▁( 2 0 0 6 – 2 0 1 1 ) ▁▁ 2 0 0 6 – 0 7 ▁season ▁After ▁going ▁und raft ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁NBA ▁draft , ▁B area ▁joined ▁the ▁Golden ▁State ▁War riors ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁Summer ▁League ▁where ▁in ▁five ▁games , ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 6 . 8 ▁points , ▁ 1 . 8 ▁reb ounds , ▁ 2 . 8 ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁ 2 ▁ste als ▁in ▁ 2 1 . 4 ▁minutes ▁per ▁contest . ▁He ▁then ▁joined ▁the ▁Dallas ▁Ma ver icks ▁for ▁the ▁Rock y ▁Mountain ▁Rev ue ▁where ▁in ▁three ▁games , ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 1 2 . 0 ▁points , ▁ 1 . 7 ▁reb ounds , ▁and ▁ 6 . 7 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁ 2 5 .
0 ▁minutes ▁per ▁game . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁B area ▁signed ▁a ▁multi - year ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁Dallas ▁Ma ver icks . ▁On ▁November ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁he ▁made ▁his ▁regular ▁season ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁franch ise , ▁recording ▁two ▁points ▁in ▁two ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁minutes ▁of ▁action ▁during ▁a ▁ 7 6 – 1 0 7 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Houston ▁Rock ets . ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁B area ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁Fort ▁W orth ▁Fly ers ▁of ▁the ▁NBA ▁Development ▁League . ▁On ▁January ▁ 2 9 , ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁D - Le ague ▁Per former ▁of ▁the ▁Week ▁after ▁he ▁to pped ▁ 4 0 ▁points ▁in ▁two ▁different ▁games ▁while ▁leading ▁the ▁Fly ers ▁to ▁a ▁ 3 – 1 ▁record . ▁On ▁February ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁was ▁re called ▁by ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁after ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 2 7 . 3 ▁points , ▁ 5 . 0 ▁reb ounds , ▁ 7 . 8 ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁ 1 . 3 ▁ste als ▁in ▁eight ▁D - Le ague ▁games . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁B area ▁recorded ▁a ▁season - high ▁ 1 6 ▁points ▁in ▁an ▁ 8 9 – 1 0 4 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Ut
ah ▁Jazz . ▁Four ▁days ▁later , ▁he ▁started ▁his ▁first ▁career ▁game ▁for ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁contributed ▁ 1 3 ▁points , ▁ 1 0 ▁reb ounds , ▁and ▁ 3 ▁ass ists ▁during ▁an ▁ 8 2 – 1 1 1 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Golden ▁State ▁War riors . ▁B area ▁finished ▁his ▁ro ok ie ▁season ▁with ▁aver ages ▁of ▁ 2 . 4 ▁points , ▁ 0 . 5 ▁reb ounds , ▁ 0 . 8 ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁ 0 . 7 ▁ste als ▁in ▁ 3 3 ▁regular ▁season ▁games . ▁He ▁also ▁played ▁two ▁play off ▁games ▁for ▁the ▁Ma ver icks , ▁scoring ▁ 0 ▁points ▁in ▁three ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁total ▁minutes . ▁▁ 2 0 0 7 – 0 8 ▁season ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁B area ▁re - jo ined ▁the ▁Dallas ▁Ma ver icks ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Las ▁Veg as ▁Summer ▁League , ▁where ▁in ▁five ▁games , ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 1 6 . 0 ▁points , ▁ 2 . 5 ▁reb ounds , ▁and ▁ 7 . 0 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁ 2 7 . 6 ▁minutes ▁per ▁game . ▁ ▁On ▁November ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁he ▁recorded ▁a ▁then ▁career - high ▁ 2 5 ▁points ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 2 3 – 1 0 2 ▁victory ▁over ▁the ▁Sac r amento ▁Kings . ▁He ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁appear
▁in ▁ 4 4 ▁regular ▁season ▁games ▁( with ▁ 9 ▁starts ) ▁for ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 – 0 8 ▁while ▁aver aging ▁ 4 . 3 ▁points , ▁ 1 . 1 ▁reb ounds , ▁and ▁ 1 . 3 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁ 1 0 . 5 ▁minutes ▁per ▁game . ▁He ▁also ▁managed ▁one ▁play off ▁game ▁where ▁he ▁contributed ▁eight ▁points ▁against ▁the ▁New ▁Orleans ▁Hor net s . ▁▁ 2 0 0 8 – 0 9 ▁season ▁On ▁July ▁ 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁B area ▁re - signed ▁with ▁the ▁Dallas ▁Ma ver icks ▁to ▁a ▁three - year ▁deal . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 – 0 9 , ▁B area ' s ▁role ▁on ▁the ▁team ▁increased ▁dram atically . ▁In j uries ▁to ▁Jerry ▁Stack house , ▁Josh ▁Howard , ▁and ▁Jason ▁Terry ▁saw ▁B area ' s ▁minutes ▁per ▁game ▁double ▁as ▁coach ▁Rick ▁Carl is le ▁began ▁regularly ▁using ▁a ▁three - guard ▁line up ▁which ▁included ▁Jason ▁K idd , ▁Jason ▁Terry , ▁and ▁B area ▁to ▁spark ▁an ▁off ensive ▁stre ak ▁in ▁games . ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁B area ▁scored ▁a ▁then ▁career ▁high ▁ 2 6 ▁points ▁during ▁an ▁ 8 6 – 9 3 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Houston ▁Rock ets . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁play offs , ▁B area ▁became ▁a
▁st arter ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁round , ▁replacing ▁Antoine ▁Wright ▁in ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁contain ▁Tony ▁Parker ▁of ▁the ▁San ▁Antonio ▁Sp urs . ▁He ▁put ▁up ▁ 1 3 ▁points ▁and ▁added ▁ 7 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁his ▁first ▁play off ▁start . ▁▁ 2 0 0 9 – 1 0 ▁season ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 – 1 0 , ▁B area ▁again ▁played ▁an ▁important ▁role ▁off ▁the ▁ben ch ▁for ▁the ▁Ma ver icks . ▁Over ▁ 7 8 ▁games ▁( with ▁ 1 8 ▁starts ), ▁he ▁aver aged ▁ 7 . 6 ▁points , ▁ 1 . 9 ▁reb ounds , ▁and ▁ 3 . 3 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁ 1 9 . 8 ▁minutes ▁per ▁game . ▁He ▁scored ▁a ▁season - high ▁ 2 3 ▁points ▁two ▁times ▁during ▁the ▁season ▁and ▁played ▁in ▁all ▁six ▁of ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ' ▁play off ▁games , ▁where ▁they ▁once ▁again ▁fell ▁to ▁the ▁San ▁Antonio ▁Sp urs ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁round . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁exerc ised ▁their ▁$ 1 . 8 mill ion ▁ 2 0 1 0 – 1 1 ▁team ▁option ▁on ▁B area ' s ▁contract . ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 – 1 1 ▁season ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 – 1 1 , ▁B area ▁played ▁a ▁career - high ▁ 8 1 ▁regular ▁season ▁games , ▁while ▁aver aging ▁ 9 . 5 ▁points
, ▁ 2 . 0 ▁reb ounds , ▁and ▁ 3 . 9 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁ 2 0 . 6 ▁minutes ▁per ▁contest . ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁he ▁scored ▁a ▁then ▁career - high ▁ 2 9 ▁points ▁during ▁an ▁ 8 7 – 9 9 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Mil w au kee ▁Buck s . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁second ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁play offs , ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁faced ▁off ▁against ▁the ▁def ending ▁champions , ▁the ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁L akers . ▁During ▁the ▁second ▁game ▁of ▁the ▁series , ▁B area ▁converted ▁ 1 2 ▁points ▁coming ▁off ▁the ▁ben ch ▁to ▁lead ▁a ▁fourth - qu arter ▁r ally ▁that ▁secured ▁the ▁ 9 3 – 8 1 ▁win ▁for ▁Dallas . ▁With ▁the ▁game ▁already ▁decided ▁and ▁ 2 4 ▁seconds ▁remaining , ▁B area ▁was ▁clothes lined ▁by ▁L akers ' ▁forward ▁Ron ▁Ar test , ▁for ▁which ▁Ron ▁was ▁subsequently ▁susp ended . ▁After ▁the ▁game , ▁the ▁L akers ▁pra ised ▁B area ' s ▁performance ▁with ▁Phil ▁Jackson ▁even ▁comparing ▁him ▁to ▁star ▁point ▁guard ▁Chris ▁Paul , ▁while ▁K obe ▁Bry ant ▁went ▁on ▁record ▁saying ▁that ▁" B area ▁k icked ▁our ▁ass es ". ▁ ▁The ▁Ma ver icks ▁won ▁the ▁final ▁game ▁of ▁the ▁series ▁to ▁advance ▁past ▁the ▁L akers . ▁B area ▁was ▁the ▁second - leading ▁sc orer ▁for ▁his ▁team , ▁putting
▁up ▁ 2 2 ▁points ▁to ▁go ▁along ▁with ▁ 8 ▁ass ists . ▁At ▁one ▁point ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁quarter , ▁B area ▁had ▁d art ed ▁down ▁the ▁l ane ▁and ▁was ▁in ▁m ida ir ▁about ▁to ▁finish ▁a ▁lay up ▁when ▁L akers ' ▁center ▁Andrew ▁B yn um ▁threw ▁him ▁an ▁el bow ; ▁the ▁flag rant ▁f oul ▁caused ▁B area ▁to ▁fall ▁down ▁hard ▁and ▁B yn um ▁to ▁be ▁immediately ▁e ject ed . ▁B area ▁recovered , ▁however , ▁and ▁played ▁the ▁game ▁to ▁the ▁end . ▁He ▁called ▁the ▁f oul ▁" d anger ous ". ▁Initial ly ▁B yn um ▁was ▁un ap olog etic ▁about ▁the ▁incident , ▁saying , ▁" We ▁were ▁getting ▁embar rass ed . ▁They ▁were ▁breaking ▁us ▁down . ▁So ▁I ▁just ▁fou led ▁somebody ." ▁He ▁later ▁issued ▁a ▁formal ▁ap ology ▁to ▁the ▁league ▁and ▁to ▁B area . ▁The ▁NBA ▁susp ended ▁B yn um ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁five ▁games ▁in ▁the ▁next ▁season ▁in ▁consequence , ▁but ▁later ▁short ened ▁the ▁susp ension ▁to ▁four ▁games ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁lock out - short ened ▁season . ▁ ▁The ▁Ma ver icks ▁advanced ▁to ▁the ▁NBA ▁Final s ▁where ▁they ▁faced ▁the ▁Miami ▁He at ▁led ▁by ▁D wy ane ▁W ade ▁and ▁Leb ron ▁James . ▁Co ach ▁Rick ▁Carl is le ▁decided ▁to ▁start ▁B area ▁when ▁they ▁were ▁down ▁ 1 – 2 ▁in ▁the ▁series . ▁B area ▁became
▁a ▁key ▁player , ▁being ▁instrument al ▁in ▁changing ▁the ▁dynamic ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁series ▁and ▁winning ▁the ▁next ▁three ▁games . ▁The ▁Ma ver icks ▁defeated ▁the ▁He at ▁ 4 ▁games ▁to ▁ 2 ▁and ▁so ▁claimed ▁their ▁first ▁NBA ▁championship ▁in ▁franch ise ▁history . ▁B area ▁became ▁the ▁second ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁player ▁to ▁ever ▁win ▁an ▁NBA ▁championship , ▁following ▁But ch ▁Lee ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁B area ▁started ▁in ▁three ▁of ▁ 2 1 ▁play off ▁games ▁that ▁he ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁Ma ver icks , ▁while ▁aver aging ▁ 8 . 9 ▁points , ▁ 1 . 9 ▁reb ounds , ▁and ▁ 3 . 4 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁ 1 8 . 6 ▁minutes ▁per ▁game . ▁ ▁Minnesota ▁Tim ber wol ves ▁( 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 4 ) ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 ▁season ▁ ▁After ▁failed ▁negoti ations ▁to ▁re - sign ▁with ▁the ▁Ma ver icks , ▁B area ▁began ▁looking ▁elsewhere , ▁but , ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁NBA ▁lock out , ▁he ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁sign ▁with ▁another ▁franch ise . ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁following ▁the ▁conclusion ▁of ▁the ▁lock out , ▁B area ▁signed ▁a ▁four - year , ▁$ 1 9 mill ion ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁Tim ber wol ves . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁B area
▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁Tim ber wol ves , ▁recording ▁ 1 4 ▁points , ▁ 2 ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁ 2 ▁reb ounds ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 0 0 – 1 0 4 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Oklahoma ▁City ▁Th under . ▁However , ▁B area ' s ▁season ▁was ▁ham per ed ▁with ▁an k le ▁and ▁th igh ▁inj uries ▁as ▁he ▁managed ▁only ▁ 4 1 ▁of ▁ 6 6 ▁games ▁for ▁the ▁Tim ber wol ves ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 . ▁Despite ▁this , ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁B area ▁recorded ▁his ▁first ▁career ▁triple - double , ▁putting ▁up ▁ 2 5 ▁points ▁along ▁with ▁ 1 0 ▁reb ounds ▁and ▁ 1 4 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 4 9 – 1 4 0 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Oklahoma ▁City ▁Th under . ▁During ▁the ▁last ▁weeks ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁and ▁with ▁inj uries ▁to ▁star ters ▁R icky ▁Rub io , ▁Kevin ▁Love , ▁and ▁Luke ▁R id n our , ▁B area ▁became ▁the ▁starting ▁point ▁guard , ▁aver aging ▁ 1 5 . 8 ▁points ▁and ▁ 9 . 4 ▁ass ists ▁during ▁the ▁last ▁ 9 ▁games . ▁During ▁that ▁period , ▁B area ▁tal lied ▁a ▁season - high ▁ 2 8 ▁points ▁and ▁a ▁career - high ▁ 1 5 ▁ass ists . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 – 1 3 ▁season ▁B area ▁began
▁the ▁season ▁with ▁ 2 1 ▁points ▁and ▁ 5 ▁ass ists ▁against ▁the ▁Sac r amento ▁Kings ▁on ▁November ▁ 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁However , ▁in ▁his ▁fourth ▁game , ▁he ▁sp rained ▁his ▁left ▁foot , ▁which ▁caused ▁him ▁to ▁miss ▁the ▁next ▁five ▁cont ests . ▁In ▁December , ▁B area ▁aver aged ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 5 ▁minutes ▁and ▁ 1 2 . 7 ▁points ▁per ▁game ▁coming ▁off ▁the ▁ben ch . ▁He ▁had ▁his ▁best ▁game ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 2 , ▁when ▁he ▁scored ▁ 2 3 ▁points ▁against ▁the ▁Ut ah ▁Jazz . ▁He ▁finished ▁that ▁season ▁with ▁aver ages ▁of ▁ 1 1 . 3 ▁points , ▁ 4 . 0 ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁ 2 . 8 ▁reb ounds ▁in ▁ 2 3 . 1 ▁minutes ▁per ▁game . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁season ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 , ▁B area ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Tim ber wol ves ▁back - up ▁point ▁guard ▁behind ▁R icky ▁Rub io . ▁He ▁had ▁his ▁best ▁off ensive ▁game ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 5 , ▁against ▁the ▁Den ver ▁N ug gets , ▁scoring ▁ 2 1 ▁points ▁to ▁go ▁with ▁ 4 ▁ass ists . ▁In ▁January , ▁Tim ber wol ves ▁star ▁Kevin ▁Love ▁indirect ly ▁critic ized ▁team m ates ▁B area ▁and ▁D ante ▁C unning ham ▁for ▁their ▁behavior ▁during ▁game ▁timeout s
. ▁B area ▁finished ▁the ▁season ▁aver aging ▁ 8 . 4 ▁points ▁and ▁ 3 . 8 ▁ass ists ▁per ▁game . ▁ ▁On ▁October ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁B area ▁was ▁wa ived ▁by ▁the ▁Tim ber wol ves ▁in ▁the ▁hope ▁of ▁returning ▁to ▁the ▁Dallas ▁Ma ver icks . ▁ ▁Return ▁to ▁Dallas ▁( 2 0 1 4 – present ) ▁On ▁October ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁B area ▁signed ▁with ▁the ▁Dallas ▁Ma ver icks , ▁returning ▁to ▁the ▁franch ise ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁st int . ▁In ▁his ▁first ▁game ▁back ▁for ▁Dallas ▁the ▁following ▁day , ▁B area ▁received ▁a ▁standing ▁ov ation ▁from ▁the ▁American ▁Airlines ▁Center ▁crowd ▁as ▁he ▁entered ▁the ▁game ▁off ▁the ▁ben ch ▁during ▁the ▁first ▁quarter . ▁He ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁record ▁ 4 ▁points , ▁ 4 ▁reb ounds , ▁and ▁ 3 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 2 0 – 1 0 2 ▁victory ▁over ▁the ▁Ut ah ▁Jazz . ▁On ▁February ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁B area ▁scored ▁a ▁season - high ▁ 2 2 ▁points ▁on ▁ 8 - of - 1 5 ▁shooting ▁in ▁a ▁ 8 7 – 8 2 ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁Jazz . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁B area ▁re - signed ▁with ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁to ▁a ▁four - year , ▁$
1 6 mill ion ▁contract . ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁B area ▁scored ▁a ▁career - high ▁ 3 2 ▁points ▁on ▁ 1 3 - of - 2 0 ▁shooting ▁during ▁a ▁ 1 1 9 – 1 1 8 ▁over time ▁win ▁versus ▁the ▁Brook lyn ▁N ets . ▁Three ▁days ▁later , ▁he ▁made ▁a ▁career - high ▁seven ▁three - pointer s ▁and ▁finished ▁with ▁ 2 6 ▁points ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 1 8 – 1 1 1 ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Bull s . ▁On ▁March ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁he ▁scored ▁ 2 6 ▁points , ▁including ▁a ▁go - a head ▁lay up ▁with ▁ 4 9 . 9 ▁seconds ▁left ▁as ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁r al lied ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁quarter ▁to ▁beat ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Kn icks , ▁ 9 1 – 8 9 . ▁On ▁April ▁ 6 , ▁he ▁helped ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁secure ▁their ▁fifth ▁consecutive ▁victory ▁by ▁recording ▁game - high s ▁of ▁ 2 7 ▁points ▁and ▁ 8 ▁ass ists ▁during ▁an ▁ 8 8 – 8 6 ▁win ▁over ▁the ▁Houston ▁Rock ets . ▁Having ▁become ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ' ▁spark pl ug ▁late ▁in ▁the ▁season ▁with ▁Der on ▁Williams ▁s idel ined , ▁B area ▁suffered ▁his ▁own ▁injury ▁on ▁April ▁ 8 , ▁a ▁right ▁gro in ▁stra in ▁which ▁forced ▁him ▁to ▁leave ▁the
▁contest ▁against ▁the ▁M emph is ▁G ri zz lies ▁after ▁only ▁eight ▁minutes . ▁The ▁gro in ▁injury ▁continued ▁to ▁bother ▁him ▁for ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁regular ▁season ▁and ▁into ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ' ▁first ▁round ▁play off ▁series ▁with ▁the ▁Oklahoma ▁City ▁Th under . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ' ▁season - op ener ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁B area ▁scored ▁ 2 2 ▁points ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 3 0 – 1 2 1 ▁over time ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Indiana ▁Pac ers . ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁action ▁after ▁missing ▁a ▁month ▁with ▁a ▁stra ined ▁right ▁cal f . ▁He ▁finished ▁with ▁ 1 1 ▁points ▁in ▁ 1 3 ▁minutes ▁against ▁the ▁Den ver ▁N ug gets . ▁He ▁went ▁back ▁on ▁the ▁injured ▁list ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 ; ▁then ▁after ▁sitting ▁out ▁ 2 0 ▁games ▁with ▁a ▁left ▁cal f ▁stra in , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁hard wood ▁in ▁a ▁ 1 0 5 – 9 6 ▁victory ▁over ▁the ▁Brook lyn ▁N ets ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 0 , ▁during ▁which ▁he ▁added ▁ 9 ▁points ▁to ▁ 3 ▁ass ists ▁in ▁ 1 4 ▁minutes ▁of ▁play . ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁in ▁a ▁ 9 7 – 9 0 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Ut ah ▁Jazz ,
▁B area ▁hit ▁his ▁ 5 0 0 th ▁ 3 - point ▁field ▁goal ▁as ▁a ▁Ma ver ick , ▁becoming ▁only ▁the ▁e ighth ▁player ▁in ▁franch ise ▁history ▁to ▁reach ▁ 5 0 0 ▁made ▁ 3 - pointer s . ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁season - high ▁ 2 3 ▁points ▁during ▁a ▁ 1 1 9 – 1 1 2 ▁loss ▁to ▁the ▁Jazz . ▁The ▁game ▁marked ▁his ▁ 5 6 7 th ▁for ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁and ▁broke ▁a ▁tie ▁with ▁Mark ▁Agu ir re ▁for ▁the ▁e ighth - most ▁in ▁team ▁history . ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁B area ▁suffered ▁a ▁torn ▁right ▁Ach illes ▁tend on ▁in ▁a ▁contest ▁against ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁Tim ber wol ves . ▁He ▁under w ent ▁surg ery ▁three ▁days ▁later . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁B area ▁was ▁re - signed ▁by ▁the ▁Dallas ▁Ma ver icks . ▁ ▁National ▁team ▁career ▁B area ▁began ▁his ▁international ▁career ▁with ▁Puerto ▁Rico ' s ▁Under - 1 9 ▁junior ▁national ▁team , ▁particip ating ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁FI BA ▁Under - 1 9 ▁World ▁Championship ▁where ▁he ▁tied ▁for ▁third ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁tournament ' s ▁Most ▁Val u able ▁Player ▁poll . ▁His ▁next ▁international ▁performance ▁occurred ▁at ▁C agu as , ▁Puerto
▁Rico , ▁in ▁the ▁Under - 2 1 ▁Cent rob asket ▁tournament , ▁in ▁which ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁won ▁the ▁gold ▁medal . ▁B area ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Most ▁Val u able ▁Player ▁award ▁after ▁leading ▁the ▁tournament ▁in ▁scoring , ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁ste als . ▁His ▁last ▁participation ▁at ▁the ▁Under - 2 1 ▁level ▁was ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁FI BA ▁Under - 2 1 ▁World ▁Championship , ▁where ▁he ▁finished ▁fourth ▁in ▁scoring ▁with ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 1 7 . 6 ▁points ▁per ▁game ▁and ▁led ▁the ▁competition ▁in ▁ass ists ▁with ▁ 7 . 3 ▁per ▁game , ▁as ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁took ▁sevent h . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁B area ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁senior ▁national ▁team ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Central ▁American ▁and ▁Car ib bean ▁Games , ▁where ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁captured ▁the ▁gold ▁medal . ▁In ▁the ▁championship ▁game ▁against ▁Pan ama , ▁B area ▁d ril led ▁the ▁decis ive ▁three - point ▁basket ▁with ▁four teen ▁seconds ▁left ▁to ▁give ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁a ▁final ▁advantage . ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁finished ▁the ▁tournament ▁und efe ated ▁after ▁six ▁straight ▁vict ories . ▁B area ▁was ▁then ▁named ▁the ▁tournament ' s ▁Most ▁Val u able ▁Player . ▁He ▁was ▁the ▁primary ▁point ▁guard ▁for ▁the ▁Puerto ▁R ican ▁team ▁that ▁won ▁the ▁silver ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games . ▁Later ▁that ▁year , ▁he ▁played ▁limited
▁minutes ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁FI BA ▁Amer icas ▁Championship , ▁where ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁won ▁the ▁bronze ▁medal . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁B area ▁part ook ▁in ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁prepar atory ▁tournament s ▁before ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁FI BA ▁World ▁Olympic ▁Qual ifying ▁Tournament . ▁In ▁these ▁exhibition ▁games , ▁he ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁starting ▁line up . ▁The ▁Olympic ▁Qual ifying ▁Tournament ▁began ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁with ▁B area ▁returning ▁to ▁the ▁back - up ▁point ▁guard ▁position ▁behind ▁Carlos ▁Ar roy o . ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁advanced ▁to ▁the ▁final s , ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁qual ify ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁In ▁this ▁tournament , ▁B area ▁had ▁aver ages ▁of ▁ 1 2 . 4 ▁points , ▁ 2 . 2 ▁ass ists , ▁and ▁ 3 . 2 ▁reb ounds ▁per ▁game . ▁ ▁B area ▁continued ▁playing ▁backup ▁point ▁guard ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Cent rob asket ▁tournament ▁and ▁entered ▁the ▁final ▁round ▁leading ▁the ▁event ▁in ▁points , ▁after ▁scoring ▁ 3 1 ▁and ▁ 3 0 ▁against ▁Pan ama ▁and ▁the ▁Domin ican ▁Republic , ▁respectively . ▁In ▁the ▁last ▁two ▁games , ▁B area ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁the ▁starting ▁line up . ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁claim ▁the ▁gold ▁medal ▁of ▁the ▁tournament , ▁by ▁defe ating ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Virgin ▁Islands , ▁and ▁B area
▁to ▁receive ▁its ▁Most ▁Val u able ▁Player ▁award . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁Ma ver icks ▁decl ined ▁to ▁allow ▁B area ▁to ▁particip ate ▁in ▁the ▁FI BA ▁Amer icas ▁Championship ▁for ▁fear ▁that ▁he ▁might ▁re - in jure ▁his ▁left ▁shoulder ▁after ▁having ▁recently ▁under g one ▁post - season ▁surg ery ▁to ▁repair ▁it . ▁B area ▁returned ▁to ▁international ▁play ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Cent rob asket , ▁serving ▁as ▁the ▁national ▁team ' s ▁starting ▁point ▁guard , ▁while ▁Ar roy o ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁regular ▁shooting ▁guard ▁position . ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁ou sted ▁Pan ama ▁in ▁the ▁semi - final s ▁and ▁the ▁Domin ican ▁Republic ▁in ▁the ▁final s ▁to ▁capture ▁the ▁gold ▁medal . ▁B area ▁aver aged ▁ 1 3 . 8 ▁points ▁and ▁led ▁Centro B asket ▁in ▁ass ists ▁per ▁game , ▁with ▁ 7 ; ▁for ▁his ▁efforts , ▁he ▁cl inch ed ▁a ▁spot ▁on ▁the ▁All - Star ▁Team ▁for ▁the ▁tournament . ▁ ▁B area ▁helped ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁take ▁home ▁a ▁silver ▁medal ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁FI BA ▁Amer icas ▁Championship , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁All - T ourn ament ▁Team . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁on ▁the ▁ro ster ▁of ▁the ▁national ▁team ▁that ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁FI BA ▁Basketball ▁World ▁Cup . ▁Although ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁would ▁be ▁elimin ated ▁in ▁the ▁Second ▁Round , ▁B
area ▁finished ▁as ▁the ▁World ▁Cup ▁Top ▁Sc orer ▁during ▁the ▁First ▁Round . ▁He ▁accum ulated ▁ 1 1 0 ▁points ▁in ▁ 5 ▁cont ests ▁for ▁an ▁average ▁of ▁ 2 2 ▁points ▁per ▁game . ▁B area ' s ▁scoring ▁statistics ▁proved ▁above ▁even ▁such ▁tal ents ▁as ▁Luis ▁S cola , ▁And ray ▁Bl atch e , ▁P au ▁Gas ol , ▁and ▁Francisco ▁García . ▁ ▁Co aching ▁career ▁On ▁May ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁B area ▁was ▁appointed ▁the ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁Ind ios ▁de ▁May ag ü ez ▁of ▁the ▁B SN . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁NBA ▁ ▁Reg ular ▁season ▁ ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 3 3 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 5 . 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 5 9 ▁\|\| ▁. 2 8 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 6 6 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 4 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 4 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 0 . 5 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 1 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 8 9 ▁\|\| ▁. 8 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\|
▁ 4 . 3 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 7 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 5 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 0 . 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 4 2 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 5 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 5 3 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 2 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 5 ▁\|\| ▁. 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 7 . 8 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 7 8 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 8 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 9 . 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 4 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 5 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 8 4 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 7 . 6 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ; background :# a fe 6 ba ;" \| ▁† ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 8 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 0 . 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 3 9 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 4 9 ▁\|\| ▁. 8 4 7 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 9 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 9 . 5 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left
;" \| ▁Minnesota ▁\| ▁ 4 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 5 . 2 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 7 1 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 7 6 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 8 ▁\|\| ▁ 5 . 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 5 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 1 . 3 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Minnesota ▁\| ▁ 7 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 3 . 1 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 1 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 4 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 8 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 8 ▁\|\| ▁ 4 . 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 1 . 3 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Minnesota ▁\| ▁ 7 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 8 . 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 8 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 4 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 9 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 8 . 4 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 7 7 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 7 . 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 2 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 2 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 8 0
9 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 7 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 7 . 5 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 7 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 6 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 2 . 5 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 4 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 8 5 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 7 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 4 . 1 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 0 . 9 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 3 5 ▁\|\| ▁ 6 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 2 . 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 1 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 5 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 8 6 3 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 5 . 5 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 0 . 9 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 6 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 3 . 2 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 3 9 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 6 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 8 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 6 . 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 5 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 1 . 6 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text -
align : left ;" \| ▁ ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 3 8 ▁\|\| ▁ 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 9 . 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 1 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 2 9 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 0 5 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 5 ▁\|\| ▁ 5 . 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 0 . 9 ▁\| - ▁class =" sort bottom " ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : center ;" ▁col span =" 2 " \| ▁Career ▁\| ▁ 8 0 2 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 0 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 9 . 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 2 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 5 1 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 9 2 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 9 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 9 . 0 ▁ ▁Play offs ▁ ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 2 ▁\|\| ▁ 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 5 .
0 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 5 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 0 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 8 . 0 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 1 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 2 . 1 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 3 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 1 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 6 9 2 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 7 . 6 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 6 ▁\|\| ▁ 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 7 . 5 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 0 5 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 3 3 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 5 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 2 ▁\|\| ▁ 5 . 8 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ; background :# a fe 6 ba ;" \| ▁ 2 0 1 1 † ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 2 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 8 . 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 1 9 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 2 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 9
4 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 8 . 9 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 5 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 0 . 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 3 9 ▁\|\| ▁. 2 5 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 8 3 3 ▁\|\| ▁ 4 . 8 ▁\|\| ▁ 7 . 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 1 . 8 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁Dallas ▁\| ▁ 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 5 . 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 2 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 1 2 5 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 0 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 5 ▁\|\| ▁ 5 . 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 6 . 3 ▁\| - ▁class =" sort bottom " ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : center ;" ▁col span =" 2 " \| ▁Career ▁\| ▁ 4 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 0 . 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 1 9 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 1 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 3 3 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 . 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 8 . 0 ▁ ▁International ▁tournament
s ▁ ▁College ▁ ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ 2 0 0 2 – 0 3 ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁N ort he astern ▁\| ▁ 2 8 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 8 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 2 . 2 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 0 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 1 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 8 5 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 7 . 0 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 0 4 ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁N ort he astern ▁\| ▁ 2 6 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 5 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 4 . 2 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 8 5 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 5 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 1 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 6 ▁\|\| ▁ 5 . 8 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 7 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 0 . 7 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁ 2 0 0 4 – 0 5 ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁N ort he astern ▁\| ▁ 3 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 3 . 2 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 1 9 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 2 1 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 8 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 4 . 3 ▁\|\| ▁ 7 . 3 ▁\|\| ▁
1 . 8 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 2 . 2 ▁\| - ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" ▁\| ▁ 2 0 0 5 – 0 6 ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : left ;" \| ▁N ort he astern ▁\| ▁ 2 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 1 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 3 . 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 0 0 ▁\|\| ▁. 2 9 1 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 6 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 4 . 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 8 . 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 1 . 0 ▁\| - ▁class =" sort bottom " ▁\| ▁style =" text - align : center ;" ▁col span =" 2 " \| ▁Career ▁\| ▁ 1 1 3 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 0 3 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 3 . 3 ▁\|\| ▁. 4 0 4 ▁\|\| ▁. 3 2 1 ▁\|\| ▁. 7 6 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 3 . 9 ▁\|\| ▁ 6 . 4 ▁\|\| ▁ 1 . 6 ▁\|\| ▁. 0 ▁\|\| ▁ 2 0 . 3 ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁While ▁listed ▁as ▁ ▁by ▁the ▁NBA , ▁B area ' s ▁mother ▁bel ieves ▁his ▁actual ▁height ▁is ▁around ▁. ▁In ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal ▁story , ▁B area ▁said ▁that ▁when ▁announced ▁as ▁being ▁ 6 ▁feet ▁in ▁pre game ▁player ▁introdu ctions , ▁he ▁sometimes ▁had ▁to ▁stop ▁himself ▁from ▁gig g ling ▁" because ▁me ▁and ▁about ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0
▁other ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁ar ena ▁knew ▁that ▁was ▁a ▁lie ." ▁ ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁B area ▁confirmed ▁he ▁was ▁in ▁a ▁relationship ▁with ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Z ule y ka ▁River a . ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁they ▁confirmed ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁expecting ▁their ▁first ▁child . ▁River a ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁their ▁son ▁Sebast i án ▁José ▁B area ▁River a ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁B area ▁was ▁present ▁during ▁the ▁birth . ▁The ▁couple ▁later ▁split ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁B area ▁started ▁d ating ▁actress ▁and ▁Miss ▁Un iverse ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Viv iana ▁Ort iz . ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁they ▁confirmed ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁expecting ▁their ▁first ▁child . ▁Their ▁daughter ▁Paul ina ▁B area ▁Ort iz ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁March ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁B area ▁and ▁Ort iz ▁got ▁married ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁in ▁a ▁lav ish ▁ceremony ▁at ▁the ▁church ▁of ▁the ▁Universidad ▁del ▁S agr ado ▁Cor az ón ▁in ▁San ▁Juan , ▁Puerto ▁Rico . ▁ ▁Five ▁days ▁after ▁H urr icane ▁Maria ▁hit , ▁B area ▁spoke ▁to ▁his ▁parents ▁on ▁a ▁family ▁friend ' s ▁phone ▁to ▁inform ▁them
▁that ▁M av s ▁owner ▁Mark ▁Cub an ▁l ent ▁him ▁the ▁team ▁plane ▁to ▁fly ▁down ▁to ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁the ▁next ▁day ▁with ▁food , ▁water , ▁and ▁supplies . ▁The ▁M av s ' ▁team ▁plane ▁made ▁the ▁trip ▁five ▁times , ▁deliver ing ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁pounds ▁of ▁food , ▁water , ▁power ▁gener ators , ▁and ▁other ▁supplies . ▁B area ▁made ▁the ▁trip ▁once ▁while ▁his ▁stay - at - home ▁wife ▁ran ▁the ▁other ▁four ▁tri ps ▁and ▁focused ▁full ▁time ▁on ▁the ▁relief ▁efforts . ▁B area ' s ▁efforts ▁in ▁helping ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁earned ▁him ▁the ▁NBA ' s ▁J . ▁Walter ▁Kennedy ▁Cit iz ens hip ▁Award ▁and ▁the ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ' s ▁Mann ie ▁Jackson ▁Award ▁recogn izing ▁human ▁spirit . ▁ ▁B area ▁is ▁ 1 2 ▁cred its ▁short ▁of ▁getting ▁his ▁college ▁degree ▁from ▁N ort he astern . ▁His ▁older ▁brothers ▁are ▁Ja ime , ▁a ▁doctor , ▁and ▁Jason , ▁an ▁engineer . ▁B area ▁returns ▁to ▁his ▁h omet own ▁May ague z ▁only ▁a ▁few ▁times ▁a ▁year , ▁and ▁usually ▁stops ▁first ▁in ▁Bar rio ▁Paris , ▁a ▁poor er ▁part ▁of ▁town ▁where ▁his ▁father ▁used ▁to ▁drive ▁daily ▁to ▁pick ▁up ▁his ▁team m ates . ▁Before ▁the ▁h urr icane , ▁his ▁foundation ▁focused ▁on ▁ref urb ishing ▁basketball ▁courts ▁in ▁poor ▁areas . ▁He ▁holds ▁several ▁basketball ▁clin ics ▁each
▁summer ▁throughout ▁the ▁island ▁and ▁usually ▁don ates ▁uniform s ▁and ▁equipment ▁for ▁the ▁youth ▁le agues ▁run ▁by ▁Tommy ▁Z ap ata , ▁who ▁co ached ▁B area ▁from ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁ 3 - year - old ▁who ▁could ▁d rib ble ▁the ▁ball ▁amb ide xt r ously . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁NBA ▁D - Le ague ▁profile ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 ▁FI BA ▁World ▁Championship ▁players ▁Category : 2 0 1 4 ▁FI BA ▁Basketball ▁World ▁Cup ▁players ▁Category : Bal onc esto ▁Super ior ▁Nacional ▁players ▁Category : B asketball ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁Category : B asketball ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁Category : B asketball ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁Category : C ang re jer os ▁de ▁Sant ur ce ▁basketball ▁players ▁Category : Cent ral ▁American ▁and ▁Car ib bean ▁Games ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Category : Comp et itors ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Central ▁American ▁and ▁Car ib bean ▁Games ▁Category : Comp et itors ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Central ▁American ▁and ▁Car ib bean ▁Games ▁Category : D allas ▁Ma ver icks ▁players ▁Category : F ort ▁W orth ▁Fly ers ▁players ▁Category : H is pan ic ▁and ▁Lat ino ▁American ▁sports people ▁Category
: M inn esota ▁Tim ber wol ves ▁players ▁Category : N ort he astern ▁H usk ies ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁players ▁Category : Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Category : Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁basketball ▁Category : Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁silver ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁May ag ü ez , ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁Category : Point ▁gu ards ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁players ▁Category : P uerto ▁Rico ▁men ' s ▁national ▁basketball ▁team ▁players ▁Category : P uerto ▁R ican ▁people ▁of ▁Spanish ▁descent ▁Category : Und raft ed ▁National ▁Basketball ▁Association ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Im mac ul ata ▁University ▁is ▁a ▁private ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁university ▁founded ▁by ▁the ▁Sister s , ▁Serv ants ▁of ▁the ▁Im mac ulate ▁Heart ▁of ▁Mary ▁and ▁located ▁in ▁Mal vern , ▁Pennsylvania . ▁The ▁university ▁is ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁through ▁the ▁Arch di oc ese ▁of ▁Philadelphia . ▁ ▁The ▁university ▁is ▁composed ▁of ▁ 1 , 4 2 7 ▁traditional ▁under grad uate ▁and ▁adult ▁under grad uate ▁students , ▁and ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁gradu ate ▁and ▁doctor al ▁students . ▁The ▁university ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁more ▁than ▁. ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Im mac ul ata ▁was ▁founded ▁as ▁Villa ▁Maria ▁College , ▁a ▁women ' s ▁college ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁Catholic ▁college ▁for ▁women ▁in ▁the ▁Philadelphia
▁area . ▁The ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁Im mac ul ata ▁College ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 9 . ▁ ▁F ounded ▁by ▁the ▁Sister s , ▁Serv ants ▁of ▁the ▁Im mac ulate ▁Heart ▁of ▁Mary , ▁Im mac ul ata ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁greater ▁I H M ▁community , ▁which ▁includes ▁the ▁neighbor ing ▁House ▁of ▁Studies ▁and ▁an ▁a cademy ▁for ▁girls ▁( now ▁split ▁into ▁two ▁camp uses , ▁Lower ▁School ▁and ▁High ▁School ). ▁The ▁University ▁became ▁co - ed uc ational ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁current ▁location ▁of ▁Im mac ul ata ▁University ▁is ▁a ▁tract ▁of ▁land ▁in ▁Ch ester ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania , ▁near ▁the ▁" Main ▁Line " ▁in ▁Mal vern , ▁purchased ▁by ▁the ▁sister s ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 6 . ▁The ▁original ▁ ▁plot ▁has ▁grown ▁to ▁ ▁since ▁that ▁time . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁Im mac ul ata ▁College ▁received ▁confirm ation ▁of ▁university ▁status ▁from ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁Department ▁of ▁Education . ▁Effect ive ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁the ▁college ▁is ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁Im mac ul ata ▁University . ▁ ▁Barbara ▁L etti ere ▁assumed ▁the ▁office ▁as ▁the ▁t enth ▁president ▁of ▁Im mac ul ata ▁University ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁lay ▁president ▁of ▁Im mac ul ata . ▁ ▁Student ▁life ▁The ▁Im mac ul ata ▁Le
ad ership ▁Institute ▁is ▁a ▁program ▁which ▁develop s ▁religious ▁leadership . ▁ ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁clubs ▁and ▁activities ▁in ▁which ▁Im mac ul ata ▁students ▁have ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁particip ate ▁include : ▁Camp us ▁Ministry - ▁students ▁eng age ▁in ▁volunte er ▁and ▁fund ra ising ▁work ▁to ▁help ▁those ▁less ▁fort un ate . ▁English / Comm unic ations ▁Club - ▁Stud ents ▁eng age ▁in ▁various ▁activities ▁and ▁events ▁to ▁improve ▁their ▁personal ▁understanding ▁and ▁the ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁general ▁student ▁body ▁in ▁regards ▁to ▁the ▁fields ▁of ▁Communic ations ▁and ▁English . ▁IU ▁Gam ers ' ▁Gu ild - ▁Stud ents ▁interested ▁in ▁video ▁games , ▁an ime , ▁fant asy , ▁and ▁sci - fi ▁get ▁together ▁for ▁various ▁events ▁and ▁to ▁eng age ▁in ▁various ▁activities . ▁ ▁Media ▁The ▁Im mac ul atan ▁is ▁the ▁student ▁newspaper ▁published ▁with ▁funds ▁from ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Under grad uate ▁Studies . ▁ ▁Athletics ▁The ▁university ▁sports ▁teams ▁are ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁M ight y ▁Mac s , ▁their ▁colors ▁are ▁blue ▁and ▁white . ▁Im mac ul ata ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Col onial ▁States ▁Athlet ic ▁Conference ▁through ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁school ▁year , ▁after ▁which ▁the ▁school ▁will ▁become ▁a ▁char ter ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁Atlantic ▁East ▁Conference . ▁Im mac ul ata ▁spons ors ▁nin ete en ▁athlet ic ▁teams , ▁nine ▁men ' s ▁teams ▁and ▁ten ▁women ' s ▁teams . ▁Im mac ul ata
▁Men ' s ▁Basketball ▁Team ▁won ▁the ▁CS AC ▁Championship ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁Im mac ul ata ▁women ▁won ▁the ▁first ▁three ▁national ▁champion ships ▁( 1 9 7 2 – 7 4 ) ▁under ▁the ▁b anner ▁of ▁the ▁Association ▁for ▁Inter col leg iate ▁Athletics ▁for ▁Women ▁( A IA W ), ▁which ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁and ▁govern ed ▁women ' s ▁inter col leg iate ▁sports ▁until ▁the ▁A IA W ▁was ▁supp l anted ▁by ▁the ▁NCAA ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁The ▁school ▁fields ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁sports ▁teams . ▁ ▁V ars ity ▁Teams : ▁ ▁Men ' s ▁Teams ▁ ▁Women ' s ▁Teams ▁ ▁Conference : ▁Col onial ▁States ▁Athlet ic ▁Conference ▁( CS AC ) ▁through ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ; ▁Atlantic ▁East ▁Conference ▁there after ▁Aff ili ation : ▁NCAA ▁Division ▁III ▁Nick name : ▁M ight y ▁Mac s ▁Colors : ▁Blue ▁and ▁White ▁ ▁Home ▁Field s ▁Dra per ▁Wal sh ▁Stadium ▁( S print ▁tur f ▁surface ) ▁for ▁field ▁hockey , ▁lac ros se , ▁and ▁s occer ▁– ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁capacity ▁IU ▁So ft ball ▁Field ▁( gr ass ) ▁IU ▁Baseball ▁Stadium ▁( gr ass ) ▁– ▁ 6 0 0 ▁capacity ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁Student - A th lete ▁Ad vis ory ▁Committee ▁( SA AC ) ▁which ▁encourag es ▁athlet ics . ▁ ▁Women '
s ▁basketball ▁The ▁women ' s ▁basketball ▁team ▁played ▁in ▁six ▁straight ▁A IA W ▁basketball ▁tournament ▁final ▁f ours ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 2 - 1 9 7 7 , ▁five ▁straight ▁final s ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 2 - 1 9 7 6 . ▁They ▁won ▁three ▁consecutive ▁national ▁champion ships ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁The ▁team ▁was ▁featured ▁for ▁its ▁ 1 9 7 0 s ▁accomplish ments ▁on ▁a ▁Sports Center ▁special ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁On ▁January ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁Im mac ul ata ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁nation ally ▁tele vised ▁women ' s ▁inter col leg iate ▁basketball ▁game . ▁F acing ▁Maryland ▁at ▁Cole ▁Field ▁House , ▁Im mac ul ata ▁won ▁ 8 0 - 4 8 ▁in ▁a ▁game ▁noted ▁more ▁for ▁its ▁turno vers ▁( 7 0 ) ▁than ▁scoring ▁( 5 6 ▁field ▁goals , ▁ 1 6 ▁free ▁throws ). ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁they ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁women ' s ▁college ▁basketball ▁game ▁ever ▁played ▁in ▁Mad ison ▁Square ▁Garden . ▁Im mac ul ata ▁won ▁ 6 5 - 6 1 . ▁On ▁January ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Im mac ul ata ▁and ▁Queens ▁College ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁Mag gie ▁D ixon ▁Classic ▁as ▁a ▁comm em
oration ▁of ▁the ▁ 4 0 th ▁anni versary ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁game ▁played ▁between ▁women ' s ▁college ▁basketball ▁teams ▁in ▁Mad ison ▁Square ▁Garden . ▁ ▁The ▁story ▁of ▁the ▁basketball ▁team ▁was ▁adapted ▁into ▁a ▁movie , ▁The ▁M ight y ▁Mac s , ▁which ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁head ▁coach ▁of ▁the ▁women ' s ▁team ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 2 - 1 9 7 7 , ▁C ath y ▁R ush , ▁was ▁induct ed ▁into ▁the ▁Na ism ith ▁Memorial ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁and ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁Basketball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁ 1 9 7 2 – 1 9 7 4 ▁teams ▁were ▁announced ▁on ▁April ▁ 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁induction ▁class ▁of ▁the ▁Na ism ith ▁Hall , ▁and ▁were ▁formally ▁induct ed ▁as ▁a ▁team ▁on ▁August ▁ 8 . ▁ ▁Camp us ▁The ▁following ▁buildings ▁are ▁located ▁on ▁campus : ▁ ▁Al um na e ▁Hall ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁Im mac ul ata ▁University ▁al um na e . ▁This ▁building ▁contains ▁a ▁g ymnasium , ▁weight ▁rooms , ▁and ▁a ▁the ater . ▁ ▁The ▁Mary ▁A . ▁Br uder ▁Center ▁focus es ▁on ▁Camp us ▁Health ▁Services ▁( N urs es ▁and ▁Vis iting ▁Doctor ), ▁Coun sel ing ▁Services ▁and ▁Career
▁Development ▁Off ices . ▁ ▁The ▁De Ch antal ▁and ▁Marian ▁H alls ▁are ▁a ▁resident ial ▁complex ▁containing ▁ 1 5 4 ▁resident ial ▁rooms ▁with ▁kitchen ettes ▁on ▁most ▁flo ors , ▁student ▁and ▁study ▁l ou ng es , ▁and ▁la und ry ▁facilities , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁chap el . ▁ ▁The ▁Fac ulty ▁Center ▁contains ▁fac ulty ▁and ▁administrative ▁offices ▁of ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Under grad uate ▁Studies . ▁ ▁The ▁three - stor ied ▁Gab rie le ▁Library ▁is ▁no ▁longer ▁the ▁new est ▁building ▁on ▁campus . ▁It ▁contains ▁computers ▁and ▁study ▁rooms . ▁ ▁The ▁library ▁also ▁contains ▁a ▁coffee ▁shop ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁level , ▁which ▁is ▁called ▁the ▁Im mac u Lat te . ▁ ▁G illet ▁Hall ▁contains ▁the ▁fac ulty ▁resid ences , ▁mainly ▁occupied ▁by ▁the ▁I H M ▁Sister s . ▁The ▁building ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁Father ▁Louis ▁G illet . ▁ ▁The ▁Good ▁Coun sel ▁Hall ▁was ▁the ▁university ' s ▁first ▁main ▁class room ▁building . ▁It ▁contains ▁a ▁book store , ▁Human ities ▁Department , ▁and ▁Music ▁List ening ▁Ro oms . ▁ ▁The ▁L ill ian ▁P . ▁L etti ere ▁Center ▁houses ▁Fin an cial ▁A id ▁and ▁Ad m issions . ▁Pl ans ▁for ▁the ▁new ▁Ad m issions ▁and ▁Fin an cial ▁A id ▁building ▁began ▁with ▁a ▁ground bre aking ▁ceremony ▁in ▁late ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁Const ruction ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1
2 . ▁ ▁L our des ▁Hall , ▁attached ▁to ▁Villa ▁Maria ▁Hall , ▁serves ▁as ▁a ▁resident ial ▁hall ▁with ▁ 6 0 ▁resident ial ▁rooms ▁and ▁also ▁contains ▁Great ▁Hall ▁for ▁large ▁events ▁and ▁functions . ▁ ▁Lo y ola ▁Hall ▁is ▁the ▁university ' s ▁second ▁main ▁class room ▁building ▁and ▁contains ▁Administr ative ▁Off ices — Col lege ▁of ▁Gr adu ate ▁Studies , ▁N urs ing ▁and ▁Al lied ▁Health ▁Sciences , ▁Am ph it he aters , ▁Art , ▁Education , ▁Mathemat ics , ▁Psych ology , ▁Science ▁Depart ments , ▁Computer ▁Cent ers , ▁C urr icul um ▁Library , ▁Labor ator ies , ▁Writing ▁and ▁Math ▁Cent ers , ▁P OD ▁Sn ack ▁Sh op . ▁▁ ▁Naz are th ▁Hall ▁includes ▁the ▁c af eter ia . ▁Class rooms ▁are ▁also ▁located ▁in ▁this ▁building . ▁A ▁chap el ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁this ▁area . ▁Ball inger ▁& ▁Per rot ▁designed ▁this ▁building . ▁In ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁air ▁condition ing , ▁he ating , ▁and ▁spr ink ler ▁systems ▁were ▁installed . ▁ ▁Villa ▁Maria ▁acts ▁as ▁the ▁principal ▁building ▁of ▁the ▁Im mac ul ata ▁University ▁campus . ▁The ▁building ▁was ▁built ▁by ▁the ▁Sister s , ▁Serv ants ▁of ▁the ▁Im mac ulate ▁Heart ▁of ▁Mary . ▁Villa ▁Maria ▁Hall ▁was ▁placed ▁between ▁Harris burg ▁and ▁Philadelphia ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁convenient ▁location . ▁In ▁the ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁Villa ▁Maria
▁had ▁renov ations ▁done . ▁Air ▁condition ing , ▁he ating , ▁and ▁spr ink ler ▁systems ▁were ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁building . ▁Im mac ul ata ▁events ▁such ▁as ▁Carol ▁Night , ▁Ring ▁Cer em ony , ▁Pin ning ▁Cer em ony , ▁Home coming , ▁and ▁others ▁are ▁held ▁in ▁this ▁building . ▁The ▁third ▁floor ▁contains ▁a ▁residence ▁hall , ▁while ▁offices ▁are ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁second ▁floor . ▁Villa ▁Maria ▁hall ▁is ▁a ▁beautiful ▁building . ▁ ▁The ▁Center ▁for ▁N urs ing ▁and ▁Al lied ▁Health ▁Sciences ▁was ▁ ▁$ 2 . 5 ▁million ▁invest ment . ▁This ▁building ▁offers ▁high - tech ▁facilities ▁for ▁IU ▁n urs ing ▁students . ▁This ▁building ▁was ▁opening ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁The ▁Center ▁for ▁N urs ing ▁and ▁Al lied ▁Health ▁Sciences ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁Lo y ola ▁Hall . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁food ▁store , ▁named ▁The ▁Pod ▁in ▁the ▁Center ▁for ▁N urs ing ▁and ▁Al lied ▁Health ▁Sciences ▁that ▁offers ▁food . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁class rooms ▁in ▁the ▁center ▁includes ▁a ▁health ▁assess ment ▁instruction ▁room . ▁Fac ulty ▁offices ▁are ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁center . ▁Im mac ul ata ▁University ▁has ▁a ▁box ▁post ▁office ▁with ▁a ▁Z IP ▁code ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 4 5 . ▁ ▁Al umn i ▁ ▁Meg an ▁B ren nan ▁c . ▁ 1 9 8 4 , ▁first ▁female ▁United ▁States ▁Post master ▁General ▁Ther esa ▁Gr ent z ▁
1 9 7 4 , ▁ath lete ▁and ▁coach ▁Marian ne ▁Stanley ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁ath lete ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 4 - 1 9 8 5 ▁NCAA ▁Women ' s ▁Division ▁I ▁Basketball ▁Championship ▁coach ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Official ▁athlet ics ▁website ▁ ▁Category : C atholic ▁univers ities ▁and ▁colleg es ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : E du c ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁Category : Form er ▁women ' s ▁univers ities ▁and ▁colleg es ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁▁ ▁Category : Univers ities ▁and ▁colleg es ▁in ▁Ch ester ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Associ ation ▁of ▁Catholic ▁Colleg es ▁and ▁Univers ities <0x0A> </s> ▁CD - R W ▁( Comp act ▁Disc - Re W rit able ) ▁is ▁a ▁digital ▁optical ▁disc ▁storage ▁format ▁introduced ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁A ▁CD - R W ▁compact ▁disc ▁( CD - R W s ) ▁can ▁be ▁written , ▁read , ▁er ased , ▁and ▁re - written . ▁ ▁CD - R W s , ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁CD s , ▁require ▁special ized ▁readers ▁that ▁have ▁sensitive ▁las er ▁opt ics . ▁Con sequently , ▁CD - R W s ▁cannot ▁be ▁read ▁in ▁many ▁CD ▁readers ▁built ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁CD - R W . ▁CD - ROM ▁drives ▁with ▁a ▁" Multi Read " ▁cert ification ▁are ▁compatible . ▁▁ ▁CD - R W s ▁must ▁be
▁er ased ▁or ▁blank ed ▁before ▁reuse . ▁Er asure ▁methods ▁include ▁full ▁blank ing ▁where ▁the ▁entire ▁surface ▁of ▁the ▁disc ▁is ▁er ased ▁and ▁fast ▁blank ing ▁where ▁only ▁metadata ▁areas , ▁such ▁as ▁P MA , ▁TO C ▁and ▁preg ap , ▁are ▁cleared . ▁Fast ▁blank ing ▁is ▁quick er ▁and ▁usually ▁sufficient ▁to ▁allow ▁re writing ▁the ▁disc . ▁Full ▁blank ing ▁removes ▁all ▁traces ▁of ▁the ▁previous ▁data , ▁and ▁is ▁often ▁used ▁for ▁confident ial ity ▁purposes , ▁though ▁it ▁may ▁be ▁possible ▁to ▁recover ▁data ▁with ▁special ty ▁recovery ▁equipment . ▁▁ ▁CD - R W s ▁can ▁sust ain ▁fewer ▁re - writ es ▁compared ▁to ▁other ▁storage ▁media ▁( ca . ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁compared ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ). ▁Ide al ▁use ▁is ▁for ▁test ▁disc s , ▁temporary ▁back ups , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁middle - ground ▁between ▁online ▁and ▁off line ▁storage ▁schemes . ▁ ▁CD - MO ▁ ▁Before ▁CD - R W ▁technology , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁a ▁standard ▁for ▁magnet o - opt ical ▁record able ▁and ▁er as able ▁CD s ▁called ▁CD - MO ▁was ▁introduced ▁and ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁Orange ▁Book , ▁part ▁ 1 ▁as ▁a ▁CD ▁with ▁a ▁magnet o - opt ical ▁recording ▁layer . ▁The ▁CD - MO ▁standard ▁allowed ▁for ▁an ▁optional ▁non - eras able ▁zone ▁on ▁the ▁disc ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁read ▁by ▁CD -
ROM ▁units . ▁ ▁Data ▁recording ▁( and ▁er asing ) ▁was ▁achieved ▁by ▁he ating ▁the ▁magnet o - opt ical ▁layer ' s ▁material ▁( e . g . ▁Dy Fe Co ▁or ▁less ▁often ▁T b Fe Co ▁or ▁G d Fe Co ) ▁to ▁its ▁Cur ie ▁point ▁and ▁then ▁using ▁a ▁magnetic ▁field ▁to ▁write ▁the ▁new ▁data , ▁in ▁a ▁manner ▁essentially ▁identical ▁to ▁Sony ' s ▁M ini Dis c ▁and ▁other ▁magnet o - opt ical ▁formats . ▁Reading ▁the ▁disc s ▁re lied ▁on ▁the ▁K err ▁effect ▁a ▁major ▁format ▁f law . ▁ ▁The ▁rewrite ▁could ▁only ▁be ▁read ▁in ▁special ▁drives ▁and ▁was ▁in compatible ▁with ▁non - mag net o - opt ical ▁enabled ▁drives . ▁The ▁format ▁was ▁never ▁released ▁commer cially , ▁mostly ▁because ▁of ▁in compat ibility ▁with ▁standard ▁CD ▁reading ▁units . ▁Early ▁CD - R ▁media ▁contained ▁a ▁similar ▁compatibility ▁f law . ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁CD - MO ▁was ▁otherwise ▁identical ▁to ▁CD s , ▁the ▁format ▁still ▁adopted ▁a ▁spir al - gro ove ▁recording ▁scheme , ▁rendering ▁the ▁disc ▁poor ly ▁su ited ▁as ▁a ▁remov able ▁medium ▁for ▁repeated , ▁small - scale ▁delet ions ▁and ▁record ings . ▁Some ▁magnet o - opt ical ▁drives ▁and ▁media ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁form ▁factor ▁don ' t ▁have ▁this ▁limitation . ▁Un like ▁modern ▁CD - R W s , ▁CD - MO ▁allowed ▁for ▁hy brid ▁disc s ▁containing ▁both ▁an
▁un mod ifiable , ▁pressed ▁section , ▁readable ▁in ▁standard ▁drives , ▁and ▁a ▁writ able ▁MO ▁section . ▁ ▁The ▁early ▁introduction ▁and ▁no ▁standards ▁for ▁disc ▁recording ▁software , ▁file ▁systems , ▁and ▁formats , ▁physical ▁in compat ibility , ▁couple d ▁with ▁more ▁econom ical ▁CD - R ▁disc s , ▁led ▁to ▁abandon ing ▁the ▁format . ▁Other ▁magnet o - opt ical ▁media , ▁un bound ▁by ▁limitations ▁of ▁the ▁typical ▁CD - ROM ▁filesystem s , ▁replaced ▁the ▁CD - MO . ▁ ▁Mechan ism ▁of ▁action ▁ ▁R ew rit able ▁media ▁can , ▁with ▁suitable ▁hardware , ▁be ▁re - written ▁up ▁to ▁. ▁The ▁CD - R W ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁phase ▁change ▁technology , ▁with ▁a ▁degree ▁of ▁reflection ▁at ▁, ▁compared ▁to ▁ ▁for ▁CD - R ▁disc s . ▁The ▁properties ▁of ▁the ▁medium ▁and ▁the ▁write ▁and ▁er ase ▁procedure ▁is ▁defined ▁in ▁the ▁Orange ▁Book ▁Part ▁III . ▁ ▁To ▁maintain ▁a ▁precise ▁rotation ▁speed , ▁tracks ▁have ▁a ▁slight ▁super im posed ▁sin us oid al ▁exc urs ion ▁of ▁ ▁at ▁a ▁frequency ▁of ▁. ▁In ▁addition ▁a ▁ ▁frequency ▁mod ulation ▁is ▁applied ▁to ▁provide ▁the ▁rec order ▁with ▁an ▁absolute ▁time ▁reference . ▁Gro ove ▁width ▁is ▁ ▁and ▁pitch ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁The ▁media ▁for ▁CD - R W ▁has ▁the ▁same ▁layers ▁as ▁CD - R ▁media . ▁The ▁reflect ive ▁layer ▁is , ▁however , ▁a ▁silver - ind ium - ant
im ony - t ell ur ium ▁( Ag In S b Te ) ▁al loy ▁with ▁a ▁pol yc ry st all ine ▁structure ▁and ▁reflect ive ▁properties ▁in ▁its ▁original ▁state . ▁When ▁writing ▁the ▁las er ▁beam ▁uses ▁its ▁maximum ▁power ▁() ▁to ▁heat ▁the ▁material ▁to ▁ ▁causing ▁material ▁li que f action . ▁In ▁this ▁state , ▁the ▁al loy ▁los es ▁its ▁pol yc ry st all ine ▁structure ▁and ▁reflect ivity ▁and ▁assumes ▁an ▁am orph ous ▁state . ▁The ▁lost ▁reflect ivity ▁serves ▁the ▁same ▁function ▁as ▁b umps ▁on ▁manufact ured ▁CD s ▁and ▁the ▁op aque ▁sp ots ▁on ▁a ▁CD - R ▁are ▁read ▁as ▁a ▁" 0 ". ▁The ▁pol yc ry st all ine ▁state ▁of ▁the ▁disc ▁forms ▁the ▁tren ches , ▁which ▁are ▁read ▁as ▁" 1 ". ▁The ▁sc anning ▁signal ▁when ▁reading ▁is ▁created ▁by ▁strong ▁or ▁weak ▁reflection ▁of ▁the ▁las er ▁beam . ▁To ▁er ase ▁the ▁disc , ▁the ▁write ▁beam ▁he ats ▁the ▁am orph ous ▁regions ▁with ▁low ▁power ▁to ▁about ▁. ▁The ▁al loy ▁is ▁not ▁m elt ed , ▁but ▁returns ▁to ▁the ▁pol yc ry st all ine ▁state ▁and ▁is ▁again ▁reflect ive . ▁ ▁Author ing ▁ ▁During ▁and ▁after ▁a ▁disc ▁author ing ▁the ▁distribution ▁of ▁data ▁on ▁the ▁CD - R W ▁var ies . ▁The ▁following ▁areas ▁are ▁present : ▁P CA : ▁The ▁Power ▁Cal ibration ▁Area ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁determine ▁the
▁correct ▁power ▁level ▁for ▁the ▁las er . ▁P MA : ▁The ▁Program ▁Memory ▁Area ▁of ▁a ▁CD R W ▁is ▁a ▁record ▁of ▁the ▁data ▁recorded ▁on ▁an ▁un fin ished ▁or ▁un final ized ▁disc . ▁It ▁is ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁transition ▁TO C ▁while ▁the ▁session ▁is ▁still ▁open . ▁P MA ▁records ▁may ▁contain ▁information ▁on ▁up ▁to ▁ 9 9 ▁ ▁audio ▁tracks ▁and ▁their ▁start ▁and ▁stop ▁times ▁( CD - DA ), ▁or ▁sector ▁addresses ▁for ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁data ▁files ▁for ▁each ▁session ▁on ▁a ▁data ▁CD . ▁PA : ▁The ▁Program ▁Area ▁contains ▁the ▁audio ▁tracks ▁or ▁data ▁files . ▁SU A : ▁The ▁System ▁User ▁Area ▁The ▁P CA ▁and ▁the ▁P MA ▁grouped ▁together ▁are ▁sometimes ▁denoted ▁as ▁the ▁System ▁User ▁Area . ▁ ▁Each ▁session ▁on ▁a ▁multi - session ▁disc ▁has ▁a ▁corresponding ▁ ▁lead - in , ▁P MA , ▁PA ▁and ▁lead - out . ▁When ▁the ▁session ▁is ▁closed ▁TO C ▁information ▁in ▁the ▁P MA ▁is ▁written ▁into ▁a ▁lead - in ▁area ▁and ▁the ▁P CA ▁and ▁P MA ▁are ▁log ically ▁elimin ated . ▁The ▁lead - out ▁is ▁created ▁to ▁mark ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁data ▁in ▁the ▁session . ▁ ▁Speed ▁specific ations ▁ ▁Like ▁a ▁CD - R , ▁a ▁CD - R W ▁has ▁hard coded ▁speed ▁specific ations ▁which ▁limit ▁recording ▁spe eds ▁to ▁fairly ▁restrict ive ▁ranges . ▁Un like ▁a ▁CD - R , ▁a ▁CD -
R W ▁has ▁a ▁minimum ▁writing ▁speed ▁under ▁which ▁the ▁disc s ▁cannot ▁be ▁recorded , ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁phase ▁change ▁material ' s ▁he ating ▁and ▁cool ing ▁time ▁constants ▁and ▁the ▁required ▁las er ▁energy ▁levels . ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁CD - R W ▁disc s ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁blank ed ▁before ▁recording ▁data , ▁writing ▁too ▁slowly ▁or ▁with ▁too ▁low ▁energy ▁on ▁a ▁high ▁speed ▁un blank ed ▁disc ▁will ▁cause ▁the ▁phase ▁change ▁layer ▁to ▁cool ▁before ▁blank ing ▁is ▁achieved , ▁prevent ing ▁the ▁data ▁from ▁being ▁written . ▁ ▁Similarly , ▁using ▁in app ropri ately ▁high ▁amounts ▁of ▁las er ▁energy ▁will ▁cause ▁the ▁material ▁to ▁over he at ▁and ▁be ▁" ins ens itive " ▁to ▁the ▁data , ▁a ▁situation ▁typical ▁of ▁slower ▁disc s ▁used ▁in ▁a ▁high ▁power ed ▁and ▁fast ▁specification ▁drive . ▁ ▁For ▁these ▁reasons , ▁older ▁CD - R W ▁drives ▁that ▁lack ▁appropriate ▁firm ware ▁and ▁hardware ▁are ▁not ▁compatible ▁with ▁newer , ▁high - speed ▁CD - R W ▁disc s , ▁while ▁newer ▁drives ▁can ▁record ▁to ▁older ▁CD - R W ▁disc s , ▁provided ▁their ▁firm ware ▁correct ▁speed , ▁delay , ▁and ▁power ▁settings ▁can ▁be ▁appropri ately ▁set . ▁ ▁The ▁actual ▁reading ▁speed ▁of ▁CD - R W ▁disc s , ▁however , ▁is ▁not ▁directly ▁correl ated ▁or ▁bound ▁to ▁speed ▁specification , ▁but ▁depends ▁primarily ▁on ▁the ▁reading ▁drive ' s ▁capabilities . ▁ ▁See ▁Also ▁▁
▁List ▁of ▁optical ▁disc ▁manufact ur ers ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁ ▁Ben nett , ▁Hugh . ▁" CD - E : ▁Call ▁it ▁Er as able , ▁Call ▁it ▁R ew rit able , ▁but ▁will ▁it ▁Fly ?" ▁CD - ROM ▁Professional ▁Sept . ▁ 1 9 9 6 : ▁ 2 8 + ▁ ▁Ben nett , ▁Hugh . ▁Under standing ▁CD - R ▁& ▁CD - R W . ▁Cu pert ino : ▁Opt ical ▁Storage ▁Technology ▁Association , ▁Jan . ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁ ▁Stein met z , ▁R alf ▁and ▁N ahr sted t , ▁Kl ara . ▁" Multimedia ▁Fund ament als ▁Volume ▁ 1 : ▁Media ▁C oding ▁and ▁Content ▁Process ing ", ▁. ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁EC MA - 3 9 5 : ▁Record able ▁Comp act ▁Disc ▁Systems ▁CD - R W ▁Ult ra - Speed ▁( standard ized ▁Orange ▁Book , ▁Part ▁III , ▁Volume ▁ 3 ) ▁ ▁The ▁CD - R ▁FA Q ▁ ▁http :// www . osta . org / techn ology / pdf / cd r _ cd rw . pdf ▁ ▁Under standing ▁CD - R ▁& ▁CD - R W ▁ ▁PC ▁Technology ▁Guide ▁ ▁Category : A udi ovis ual ▁introdu ctions ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁Category : Audio ▁storage ▁Category : Comp act ▁disc ▁Category : Video ▁storage <0x0A> </s> ▁Mic key ▁Mouse ▁sign ▁is ▁a ▁medical ▁sign ▁res emb ling ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁Mic key ▁Mouse , ▁the
▁W alt ▁Disney ▁character . ▁Pres ented ▁for ▁the ▁very ▁first ▁time ▁at ▁the ▁CH IV A ' s ▁Me eting , ▁Berlin ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁by ▁Dr . ▁L ur des ▁Cer ol , ▁this ▁sign ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁the ▁image ▁at ▁the ▁gro in ▁when ▁a ▁dil ated ▁access ory ▁sap hen ous ▁ve in ▁( AS V ) ▁exists : ▁the ▁common ▁fem oral ▁ve in ▁( CF V ) ▁represents ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁Mic key ▁Mouse ▁while ▁the ▁great ▁sap hen ous ▁ve in ▁( G SV ) ▁and ▁the ▁dil ated ▁access ory ▁sap hen ous ▁ve in ▁( AS V ) ▁represent ▁the ▁ears . ▁The ▁presence ▁of ▁a ▁Mic key ▁Mouse ▁sign ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁great ▁di agnostic ▁clue ▁to ▁check ▁AS V ▁ins u ffic iency . ▁ ▁Some ▁authors , ▁inspired ▁by ▁this ▁sign , ▁described ▁an ▁ec ographic ▁" M ic key ▁Mouse ▁View " ▁at ▁the ▁sap hen of em oral ▁j unction ▁in ▁the ▁gro in : ▁the ▁common ▁fem oral ▁ve in ▁( CF V ) ▁represents ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁Mic key ▁Mouse ▁while ▁the ▁great ▁sap hen ous ▁ve in ▁( G SV ) ▁and ▁the ▁fem oral ▁ar tery ▁( C FA ) ▁represent ▁the ▁ears . ▁ ▁But ▁it ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁in ▁different ▁regions ▁of ▁the ▁body : ▁ ▁Mid bra in ▁of ▁progress ive ▁su pr an uc lear ▁p als y ▁( P SP ). ▁ ▁Poly ost otic ▁P aget
' s ▁disease ▁( P aget ' s ▁disease ▁affect ing ▁multiple ▁b ones ); ▁a ▁b one ▁sc int ig raph y ▁with ▁te ch net ium - 9 9 m ▁m eth yl ene ▁bis ph os phon ate ▁shows ▁increased ▁u pt ake ▁at ▁the ▁sites ▁of ▁disease ▁activity . ▁In cre ased ▁sc int ig raph ic ▁u pt ake ▁in ▁the ▁body ▁and ▁sp ine ▁of ▁the ▁verte bra e ▁res emb les ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁Mic key ▁Mouse . ▁ ▁The ▁portal ▁tri ad ▁in ▁b ili ary ▁ul tras ound ▁sc ans , ▁with ▁the ▁portal ▁ve in ▁compr ising ▁Mic key ' s ▁head ▁and ▁the ▁common ▁b ile ▁du ct ▁and ▁he p atic ▁ar tery ▁his ▁right ▁and ▁left ▁ears , ▁respectively . ▁Pel vic ▁Mic key ▁Mouse ▁sign : ▁bil ater al ▁ing u inal ▁ves ical ▁h ern ia ▁on ▁trans verse ▁ax ial ▁imag ing . ▁ ▁D ys m orph ic ▁Mic key ▁Mouse ▁R BC s : ▁R BC s ▁with ▁irregular ▁cell ▁walls ▁and ▁migration ▁of ▁hem og lo bin ▁into ▁some ▁areas ▁creating ▁the ▁shape ▁of ▁Mic key ▁Mouse ▁ears . ▁The ▁presence ▁of ▁these ▁d ys m orph ic ▁cells ▁in ▁ur ine ▁may ▁indicate ▁int rag l omer ular ▁ha emor rh age . ▁U re ter op el vic ▁j unction ▁obst ruction ▁( UP J O ) ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Med ical ▁signs ▁Category : M id bra in ▁Category
: M ic key ▁Mouse <0x0A> </s> ▁Cl an ▁Sw inton ▁is ▁a ▁Low land ▁Scottish ▁cl an . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Orig ins ▁of ▁the ▁cl an ▁ ▁The ▁Sw inton ▁chief s ▁are ▁likely ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁of ▁Ang lo - S ax on ▁origin , ▁possibly ▁desc ended ▁from ▁the ▁prominent ▁nobles ▁of ▁the ▁kingdom ▁of ▁North umb ria . ▁The ▁kingdom ▁of ▁North umber land ▁str add led ▁the ▁modern ▁day ▁border ▁between ▁Scotland ▁and ▁England . ▁According ▁to ▁tradition ▁the ▁name ▁was ▁acquired ▁for ▁their ▁bra very ▁in ▁clear ing ▁the ▁country ▁of ▁wild ▁bo ar , ▁with ▁the ▁family ▁arms ▁all ud ing ▁to ▁this ▁legend . ▁However , ▁the ▁name ▁is ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁of ▁territorial ▁origin : ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Sw ine wood ▁in ▁the ▁county ▁of ▁Ber wick shire ▁was ▁granted ▁by ▁Ed gar , ▁King ▁of ▁Scotland , ▁son ▁of ▁Mal col m ▁III ▁of ▁Scotland ▁to ▁Cold ingham ▁Pri ory ▁in ▁ 1 0 9 8 ▁following ▁the ▁Norman ▁Con quest ▁of ▁England ▁to ▁the ▁south ▁. ▁ ▁In ▁around ▁ 1 1 3 6 / 7 , ▁Ern ulf ▁de ▁Sw inton ▁received ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁private ▁char ters ▁recorded ▁in ▁Scotland ▁which ▁confirmed ▁his ▁property ▁from ▁David ▁I ▁of ▁Scotland . ▁This ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁original ▁char ters ▁of ▁David ▁kept ▁in ▁the ▁cart ul ary ▁of ▁Dur ham , ▁both ▁to ▁Ern ulf , ▁where in ▁he ▁is ▁told ▁to ▁" hold ▁his ▁lands ▁as
▁freely ▁as ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁king ’ s ▁bar ons ", ▁and ▁important ly ▁is ▁term ed ▁Mil es ▁in ▁both , ▁making ▁him ▁the ▁first ▁recorded ▁instance ▁of ▁a ▁Scottish ▁Knight . ▁ ▁Of ▁note , ▁the ▁char ters ▁reference ▁Ern ulf ' s ▁father ▁( U d ard ), ▁grand father ▁( Li ulf ) ▁and ▁great - grand father ▁( E ad ulf ) ▁as ▁holding ▁the ▁land ▁before ▁him . ▁E ad ulf ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁granted ▁the ▁land ▁by ▁his ▁cousin ▁Mal col m ▁III ▁of ▁Scotland ▁in ▁return ▁for ▁military ▁support ▁against ▁Mac b eth . ▁This , ▁according ▁to ▁ 2 0 th ▁century ▁historian ▁James ▁Le es - Mil ne , ▁would ▁make ▁E ad ulf ▁the ▁first ▁subject ▁of ▁Scotland ▁whose ▁land ▁ownership ▁could ▁be ▁proved , ▁and ▁means ▁the ▁Sw inton ▁Family ▁would ▁by ▁this ▁hypothesis ▁be ▁one ▁of ▁only ▁three ▁( see ▁Ar den ▁Family ▁& ▁Ber keley ▁Family ) ▁that ▁could ▁trace ▁its ▁un bro ken ▁land ▁ownership ▁and ▁line age ▁to ▁before ▁the ▁Norman ▁Con quest , ▁making ▁it ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁oldest ▁land ed ▁families ▁in ▁Britain . ▁ ▁The ▁cl an ▁has ▁held ▁the ▁Baron ies ▁of ▁Sw inton ▁and ▁Cr ans h aws . ▁The ▁latter ▁is ▁now ▁separated ▁from ▁the ▁cl an . ▁The ▁family ▁holds ▁Fe ud al ▁Bar ony ▁status ▁with ▁numerous ▁char ters ▁confirm ing ▁this . ▁ ▁Wars ▁of ▁Scottish ▁Independ ence ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 2 9 6 ▁Henry
▁de ▁Sw inton ▁and ▁his ▁brother , ▁William , ▁priest ▁of ▁the ▁church ▁of ▁Sw inton , ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁R ag man ▁Roll s ▁swe aring ▁fe alty ▁to ▁Edward ▁I ▁of ▁England . ▁Henry ' s ▁great - grand son ▁was ▁Sir ▁John ▁Sw inton ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁distinguished ▁soldier ▁and ▁states man ▁during ▁the ▁reign s ▁of ▁Robert ▁II ▁of ▁Scotland ▁and ▁Robert ▁III ▁of ▁Scotland . ▁In ▁ 1 3 8 8 ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁commander ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ot ter burn ▁where ▁the ▁Sc ots ▁were ▁vict orious . ▁His ▁second ▁wife ▁was ▁Isabel ▁Douglas , ▁Count ess ▁of ▁Mar ▁but ▁they ▁had ▁no ▁children . ▁His ▁third ▁wife ▁was ▁Princess ▁Margaret ▁who ▁bore ▁him ▁a ▁son , ▁Sir ▁John ▁Sw inton , ▁ 1 5 th ▁of ▁that ▁Il k . ▁ ▁France , ▁H undred ▁Years ▁War ▁ ▁Sir ▁John ▁Sw inton , ▁ 1 5 th ▁of ▁that ▁Il k ▁was ▁a ▁war rior ▁who ▁fought ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁B aug é ▁in ▁France ▁and ▁is ▁cred ited ▁with ▁killing ▁the ▁Duke ▁of ▁Clar ence , ▁brother ▁of ▁Henry ▁V ▁of ▁England . ▁The ▁incident ▁appears ▁in ▁a ▁poem ▁by ▁Sir ▁Walter ▁Scott , ▁The ▁L ay ▁of ▁the ▁Last ▁M inst rel . ▁However ▁Sw inton ▁was ▁later ▁killed ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ver ne uil ▁in ▁ 1 4 2 4 ▁France . ▁ ▁Modern ▁history ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 5 6 7 ▁Sir ▁John ▁Sw inton ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the
▁Scottish ▁bar ons ▁who ▁signed ▁the ▁bond ▁of ▁protection ▁of ▁the ▁infant ▁James ▁VI ▁of ▁Scotland ▁against ▁the ▁Earl ▁of ▁Both well ▁on ▁his ▁marriage ▁to ▁the ▁child ' s ▁mother , ▁Mary , ▁Queen ▁of ▁Sc ots . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 6 4 0 ▁Sir ▁Alexander ▁Sw inton , ▁the ▁ 2 2 nd ▁chief , ▁became ▁sh er iff ▁of ▁Ber wick shire . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 2 ▁but ▁left ▁six ▁sons ▁and ▁five ▁daughters . ▁His ▁second ▁son ▁was ▁another ▁Alexander ▁Sw inton ▁who ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Scotland ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 8 ▁and ▁took ▁the ▁title ▁‘ L ord ▁M ers ington ’ . ▁ ▁The ▁el dest ▁son , ▁John , ▁was ▁colon el ▁for ▁the ▁regiment ▁of ▁Ber wick shire , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 1 ▁he ▁was ▁taken ▁prisoner ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Wor c ester . ▁His ▁brother , ▁Robert , ▁died ▁attempting ▁to ▁carry ▁off ▁Oliver ▁C rom well ’ s ▁standard . ▁In ▁ 1 6 5 5 ▁John ▁was ▁appointed ▁by ▁the ▁Lord ▁Prote ctor ▁to ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁State ▁he ▁established ▁to ▁assist ▁in ▁r uling ▁Scotland . ▁He ▁was ▁said ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁C rom well ' s ▁most ▁trust ed ▁man ▁in ▁Scotland ▁and ▁his ▁invol vement ▁with ▁C rom well ▁led ▁to ▁his ▁being ▁tried ▁for ▁tre ason ▁in ▁ 1 6 6 1 . ▁He ▁escaped ▁execution ▁but ▁his ▁est ates ▁were ▁for fe ited
▁and ▁he ▁was ▁imprison ed ▁for ▁six ▁years . ▁He ▁is , ▁by ▁some , ▁regarded ▁as ▁the ▁founder ▁of ▁Qu aker ism . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁son , ▁Alexander ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 9 ▁but ▁he ▁died ▁without ▁issue . ▁ ▁Alexander ’ s ▁brother , ▁Sir ▁John , ▁succeeded ▁as ▁the ▁twenty - fif th ▁La ird ▁of ▁Sw inton . ▁After ▁a ▁successful ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁merchant ▁in ▁Holland ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁Scotland ▁in ▁the ▁w ake ▁of ▁the ▁G lor ious ▁Revolution ▁of ▁ 1 6 8 8 ▁which ▁brought ▁William ▁of ▁Orange ▁to ▁the ▁throne ▁with ▁his ▁wife , ▁Queen ▁Mary . ▁ ▁Sw inton ▁sat ▁in ▁both ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Parliament ▁and , ▁later , ▁in ▁the ▁British , ▁at ▁West min ster . ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁the ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Committee ▁for ▁Trade ▁in ▁Scotland . ▁John ▁Sw inton , ▁the ▁twenty - se vent h ▁La ird , ▁became ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 2 , ▁taking ▁the ▁title ▁" L ord ▁Sw inton ". ▁ ▁The ▁modern ▁Sw int ons ▁have ▁produced ▁some ▁notable ▁public ▁figures . ▁Captain ▁George ▁Sw inton , ▁desc ended ▁from ▁the ▁Sw int ons ▁of ▁Kim mer gh ame , ▁a ▁cad et ▁of ▁the ▁chief ly ▁house , ▁was ▁Lord ▁Lyon ▁King ▁of ▁Ar ms , ▁and ▁Secretary ▁to ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁the ▁Th ist le ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 2 9
, ▁Major - General ▁Sir ▁Ernest ▁Dun lop ▁Sw inton ▁was ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁The ▁Def ence ▁of ▁D uffer ' s ▁Dr ift ▁and ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁driving ▁forces ▁behind ▁early ▁tank ▁development ▁and ▁training ▁in ▁W WI . ▁Alan ▁Arch ib ald ▁Campbell - Sw inton ▁is ▁regarded ▁by ▁many ▁as ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁modern ▁television . ▁A ▁prominent ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁is ▁the ▁actress ▁T ilda ▁Sw inton , ▁who ▁is ▁a ▁great - grand d augh ter ▁of ▁Captain ▁George ▁Sw inton . ▁ ▁Cl an ▁Chief ▁ ▁The ▁chief ▁of ▁Cl an ▁Sw inton ▁is ▁Rol fe ▁William ▁Sw inton , ▁ 3 6 th ▁of ▁that ▁Il k . ▁ ▁His ▁son , ▁Maxim ▁Jas per ▁Sw inton , ▁is ▁in ▁line ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁ 3 7 th ▁of ▁that ▁Il k . ▁ ▁Cl an ▁Cast les ▁ ▁Sw inton ▁House ▁in ▁Sw inton , ▁Ber wick shire ▁is ▁a ▁classical ▁m ansion ▁d ating ▁from ▁ 1 8 8 0 . ▁However ▁it ▁stands ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁a ▁castle ▁that ▁was ▁destroyed ▁by ▁fire ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 7 . ▁The ▁lands ▁had ▁been ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁Sw int ons ▁since ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁Mal col m ▁Can more ▁( Mal col m ▁III ▁of ▁Scotland ) ▁in ▁the ▁ele vent h ▁century . ▁The ▁property ▁had ▁passed ▁to ▁the ▁Cl an ▁Mac nab ▁by ▁the ▁nin ete enth ▁century . ▁The ▁chief ly ▁Sw int ons ▁now ▁live ▁in
▁New ▁York , ▁USA . ▁Cr ans h aws ▁Castle ▁was ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁Sw int ons ▁from ▁ 1 4 0 0 ▁to ▁ 1 7 0 2 . ▁Kim mer gh ame ▁House ▁and ▁estate ▁was ▁bought ▁by ▁Arch ib ald ▁Sw inton ▁on ▁his ▁return ▁from ▁India ▁serving ▁under ▁C live , ▁along ▁with ▁M ander ston ▁House ▁( though ▁this ▁was ▁later ▁sold ▁in ▁favour ▁of ▁Kim mer gh ame ) ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁eigh teenth ▁century . ▁A ▁new ▁house ▁was ▁commission ed ▁by ▁the ▁family ▁and ▁built ▁by ▁David ▁Bry ce ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 1 , ▁although ▁it ▁was ▁badly ▁dam aged ▁by ▁fire ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁and ▁only ▁partially ▁re built . ▁Until ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁la ird ▁was ▁Major - General ▁Sir ▁John ▁Sw inton , ▁a ▁former ▁Lord ▁Lieutenant ▁of ▁Ber wick shire ▁and ▁the ▁father ▁of ▁the ▁actress ▁T ilda ▁Sw inton . ▁Little ▁Sw inton ▁near ▁Cold stream , ▁site ▁of ▁a ▁castle ▁once ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁Sw int ons ▁but ▁destroyed ▁by ▁the ▁English ▁in ▁ 1 4 8 2 . ▁M ers ington ▁Tower ▁near ▁Green law , ▁site ▁of ▁a ▁castle ▁originally ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁Cl an ▁K err ▁and ▁then ▁by ▁the ▁Sw int ons . ▁It ▁was ▁burn ed ▁by ▁the ▁English ▁in ▁ 1 5 4 5 . ▁Alexander ▁Sw inton , ▁Lord ▁M ers ington ▁was ▁amongst ▁those ▁who ▁led ▁an ▁attack ▁on

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