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▁the ▁Chap el ▁Royal ▁at ▁Holy ro od ▁during ▁a ▁Protest ant ▁ri ot ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 8 . ▁Stevens on ▁near ▁Pe eb les , ▁site ▁of ▁a ▁tower ▁house ▁originally ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁Sw int ons ▁but ▁passed ▁by ▁marriage ▁to ▁the ▁Cl an ▁S inc la ir ▁in ▁the ▁sevent e enth ▁century . ▁ ▁Notes ▁and ▁references ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Sw inton ▁Family ▁Society ▁ ▁My ▁Cl an ▁- ▁Sw inton ▁ ▁Electric ▁Scotland ▁- ▁Sw inton ▁ ▁Sw inton ▁Category : Bo ars ▁in ▁her ald ry <0x0A> </s> ▁And rey an ▁Zak har ov ▁( ; ▁ 1 9 ▁August ▁ 1 7 6 1 ▁– ▁ 8 ▁September ▁ 1 8 1 1 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Russian ▁architect ▁and ▁representative ▁of ▁the ▁Empire ▁style . ▁His ▁designs ▁also ▁altern ated ▁ne oc lass ic ism ▁with ▁ec lect ic ism . ▁ ▁Zak har ov ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁Saint ▁Petersburg , ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁a ▁family ▁that ▁was ▁employed ▁by ▁the ▁Admir alty ▁board , ▁and ▁his ▁greatest ▁work ▁was ▁his ▁renov ation ▁and ▁expansion ▁of ▁the ▁Admir alty ▁building . ▁He ▁studied ▁in ▁the ▁Petersburg ▁Academy ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts ▁from ▁ 1 7 6 7 ▁to ▁ 1 7 8 2 ▁with ▁Alexander ▁K ok or in ov ▁and ▁Ivan ▁Star ov , ▁and ▁afterwards ▁in ▁Paris ▁from ▁ 1 7 8 2 ▁to ▁ 1 7 8 6 ▁with ▁Jean ▁Chal gr in . ▁In ▁ 1 7 9 |
4 ▁he ▁became ▁a ▁full ▁Academ ician ▁at ▁the ▁Petersburg ▁Academy ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁Admir alty ▁building ▁he ▁constructed ▁several ▁buildings ▁in ▁G atch ina ▁and ▁other ▁towns ▁neighbor ing ▁Saint ▁Petersburg . ▁ ▁The ▁Admir alty ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 0 5 ▁Zak har ov ▁was ▁appointed ▁chief ▁architect ▁of ▁the ▁department ▁of ▁the ▁Navy . ▁His ▁focus ▁was ▁on ▁conduct ing ▁the ▁management ▁of ▁buildings ; ▁including ▁the ▁design , ▁and ▁construction ▁of ▁civil , ▁and ▁industrial ▁buildings . ▁Re const ruction ▁of ▁the ▁building ▁of ▁the ▁Admir alty ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁task ▁of ▁the ▁architect ▁at ▁this ▁post . ▁▁ ▁The ▁Admir alty ▁building ▁in ▁Saint ▁Petersburg ▁is ▁the ▁greatest ▁monument ▁of ▁Russian ▁architecture ▁in ▁the ▁emp ire ▁style . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁symbol ▁of ▁the ▁Saint ▁Petersburg ▁and ▁is ▁the ▁architect ural ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁Zak har ov ▁preserved ▁the ▁plan ▁configuration ▁of ▁the ▁pre ex isting ▁building , ▁the ▁initial ▁building ▁was ▁of ▁ 1 7 3 8 , ▁by ▁architect ▁I . ▁K . ▁Kor ob ov . ▁From ▁ 1 8 0 6 – 1 8 2 3 , ▁Zak har ov ▁created ▁a ▁new , ▁grand io se ▁construction , ▁with ▁the ▁main ▁fac ade ▁extending ▁ 4 0 7 ▁meters , ▁and ▁a ▁maj estic ▁architect ural ▁appearance ▁which ▁emphas ised ▁its ▁central ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁with ▁ar ter ial s ▁conver ging ▁from ▁it ▁in ▁three ▁ray s . ▁In ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁the |
▁building ▁is ▁a ▁monument al ▁sp ired ▁tower , ▁which ▁became ▁the ▁symbol ▁of ▁city . ▁Zak har ov ▁preserved ▁this ▁old ▁sp ire ▁by ▁Kor ob ov ▁and ▁fl ank ed ▁it ▁with ▁two ▁new ▁ne oc lass ical ▁wings . ▁The ▁composition ▁of ▁tw in ▁wing ed ▁fac ades ▁with ▁smooth ▁walls , ▁strongly ▁pro tr ud ing ▁port ico es , ▁and ▁deep ▁log gi as ▁is ▁symmet r ically ▁located ▁along ▁the ▁sides ▁of ▁tower , ▁creating ▁a ▁complex ▁rh ythm ical ▁altern ation ▁of ▁simple ▁and ▁clear ▁volumes . ▁ ▁The ▁building ' s ▁sculpt ures ▁added ▁additional ▁value ▁and ▁significance . ▁Dec or ative ▁relief s ▁were ▁integrated ▁organ ically ▁with ▁the ▁large ▁architect ural ▁volumes , ▁sculpt ural ▁groups ▁along ▁the ▁walls ▁emphas ise ▁the ▁human ▁scale ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁the ▁imm ens ely ▁expanded ▁fac ades . ▁In ▁the ▁interior ▁of ▁the ▁Admir alt ies , ▁the ▁vest ib ule ▁with ▁the ▁main ▁st air way , ▁the ▁meeting ▁h alls , ▁and ▁library ▁were ▁preserved . ▁The ▁a uster ity ▁of ▁the ▁monument al ▁architect ural ▁forms ▁was ▁soft ened ▁by ▁the ▁abund ance ▁of ▁light ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁exception al ▁ref in ement ▁of ▁finishing . ▁ ▁Other ▁work ▁ ▁The ▁earliest ▁works ▁by ▁Zak har ov ▁were ▁several ▁buildings ▁in ▁G atch ina ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Luther an ▁Church ▁of ▁Saint ▁Peter , ▁Gor bat y ▁bridge , ▁L v ini y ▁bridge , ▁and ▁an ▁av i ary . ▁The ▁church |
▁was ▁designed ▁in ▁a ▁simplified ▁volume ▁with ▁g oth ic ▁detail ing . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁G atch ina ▁projects ▁were ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁Vas il iev sky ▁Island ▁in ▁Petersburg , ▁and ▁the ▁reconst ruction ▁of ▁building ▁of ▁the ▁Petersburg ▁Academy ▁of ▁Science ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 3 – 1 8 0 4 . ▁This ▁was ▁executed ▁in ▁the ▁tradition ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁school ▁of ▁town ▁planning , ▁where ▁the ▁unity ▁of ▁the ▁ensemble ▁was ▁reached ▁by ▁creating ▁a ▁rh ythm ▁of ▁the ▁arrangement ▁of ▁buildings ▁with ▁similar ▁architect ural ▁details . ▁At ▁this ▁time ▁Zak har ov ▁prepared ▁the ▁architect ural ▁plans ▁for ▁the ▁N iz h ni y ▁Nov gor od ▁fair , ▁which ▁were ▁realized ▁by ▁the ▁architect ▁Ag ust ín ▁de ▁Bet anc ourt ▁in ▁the ▁following ▁years . ▁ ▁Zak har ov ▁created ▁projects ▁for ▁developing ▁buildings ▁on ▁Pro vi ant sk ii ▁island ▁( 1 8 0 6 – 1 8 0 8 ) ▁and ▁G ak ern yi ▁port ▁( 1 8 0 6 – 1 8 0 9 ), ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁projects ▁for ▁K ron stadt ▁( St . ▁Andrew ' s ▁C athedral , ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 6 – 1 8 1 7 , ▁which ▁has ▁since ▁been ▁demol ished ), ▁projects ▁for ▁public ▁structures ▁and ▁churches ▁for ▁the ▁provinces , ▁count ies , ▁and ▁cities ▁of ▁Russia ▁with ▁a ▁pron ounced ly ▁monument al ▁disposition . ▁The ▁c athed r als ▁in ▁D n ip rop |
et rov sk ▁and ▁Iz he v sk ▁both ▁derive ▁from ▁Zak har ov ' s ▁c athedral ▁in ▁K ron stadt . ▁Begin ning ▁in ▁ 1 7 8 7 ▁he ▁taught ▁at ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Fine ▁Arts , ▁and ▁among ▁his ▁students ▁was ▁the ▁architect ▁A . ▁I . ▁M eln ik ov . ▁ ▁Build ings ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Гри м м ▁Г . ▁Г ., ▁Архи те ктор ▁Анд ре ян ▁За хар ов . ▁М ., ▁ 1 9 4 0 ; ▁ ▁Ар кин ▁Д ., ▁За хар ов ▁и ▁Во ро них ин , ▁М ., ▁ 1 9 5 3 ; ▁ ▁Пи ля в ский ▁В . ▁И ., ▁Л ей бо ши ц ▁Н . ▁Я ., ▁З од чий ▁За хар ов , ▁Л ., ▁ 1 9 6 3 . ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 7 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 1 1 ▁death s ▁Category : Ne oc lass ical ▁architect s ▁Category : Russ ian ▁architect s ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁Laz are v sk oe ▁C emetery ▁( Saint ▁Petersburg ) <0x0A> </s> ▁S lav kov ce ▁( ), ▁in ▁, ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁eastern ▁Kos ovo . ▁The ▁village ▁is ▁situated ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Kop a on ik ▁mountain ▁range . ▁The ▁river ▁S la kov ce ▁which ▁origin ates ▁higher ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁mountains ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁direction ▁and ▁which ▁enters ▁the ▁Sit nica |
▁river ▁near ▁P est ova ▁flows ▁through ▁S lla kov c . ▁Near by ▁villages ▁include ▁Sam od re ha ▁and ▁Cic eli . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁V u č it rn ▁Category : K op a on ik <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 8 4 th ▁Ohio ▁Vol unte er ▁Infantry ▁( or ▁ 8 4 th ▁O VI ) ▁was ▁an ▁inf antry ▁regiment ▁in ▁the ▁Union ▁Army ▁during ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁War . ▁ ▁Service ▁The ▁ 8 4 th ▁Ohio ▁Infantry ▁was ▁organized ▁at ▁Camp ▁Ch ase ▁in ▁Columb us , ▁Ohio ▁May ▁through ▁June ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁and ▁must ered ▁in ▁on ▁June ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 8 6 2 , ▁for ▁three ▁months ▁service ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁Colonel ▁William ▁Lawrence . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁ordered ▁to ▁C umber land , ▁Maryland , ▁June ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 8 6 2 , ▁and ▁served ▁prov ost ▁duty ▁there ▁until ▁September . ▁The ▁regiment ▁was ▁attached ▁to ▁Rail road ▁District , ▁Department ▁of ▁the ▁Mountains , ▁to ▁July ▁ 1 8 6 2 , ▁and ▁VIII ▁Corps , ▁Middle ▁Department , ▁to ▁September . ▁M oved ▁to ▁New ▁Creek ▁September ▁ 1 3 ▁to ▁rep el ▁the ▁attack ▁on ▁that ▁point ▁by ▁Jenkins ▁and ▁Im b oden . ▁M oved ▁to ▁Camp ▁Ch ase , ▁then ▁to ▁Camp ▁Del aware ▁in ▁Del aware , ▁Ohio , ▁and ▁must ered ▁out ▁October ▁ 1 4 , ▁ |
1 8 6 2 . ▁ ▁Cas ual ties ▁The ▁regiment ▁lost ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 4 ▁men , ▁ 1 ▁officer ▁and ▁ 1 3 ▁en list ed ▁men ▁during ▁service , ▁all ▁due ▁to ▁disease . ▁ ▁Command ers ▁ ▁Colonel ▁William ▁Lawrence ▁ ▁Notable ▁members ▁ ▁Private ▁George ▁A . ▁Gar ret son , ▁Company ▁E ▁- ▁brig ad ier ▁general ▁in ▁the ▁Spanish – American ▁War ▁ ▁Colonel ▁William ▁Lawrence ▁- ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁from ▁Ohio , ▁ 1 8 6 5 – 1 8 7 1 , ▁ 1 8 7 3 – 1 8 7 7 ▁ ▁Private ▁Daniel ▁C . ▁Roberts , ▁Company ▁C ▁- ▁composer ; ▁known ▁for ▁God ▁of ▁Our ▁F athers , ▁a ▁h ymn ▁written ▁for ▁the ▁cent enn ial ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Dec laration ▁of ▁Independ ence ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Ohio ▁Civil ▁War ▁units ▁ ▁Ohio ▁in ▁the ▁Civil ▁War ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁D yer , ▁Frederick ▁H . ▁A ▁Comp end ium ▁of ▁the ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁Reb ell ion ▁( Des ▁Mo ines , ▁I A : ▁ ▁D yer ▁Pub . ▁Co .), ▁ 1 9 0 8 . ▁ ▁Ohio ▁R oster ▁Commission . ▁Official ▁R oster ▁of ▁the ▁Sold iers ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Ohio ▁in ▁the ▁War ▁on ▁the ▁Reb ell ion , ▁ 1 8 6 1 – 1 8 6 5 , ▁Comp iled ▁Under ▁the ▁D irection ▁of ▁the ▁R oster ▁Commission ▁( A |
k ron , ▁O H : ▁ ▁Werner ▁Co .), ▁ 1 8 8 6 – 1 8 9 5 . ▁ ▁Re id , ▁Wh itel aw . ▁Ohio ▁in ▁the ▁War : ▁Her ▁States men , ▁Her ▁Gener als , ▁and ▁Sold iers ▁( C inc inn ati , ▁O H : ▁ ▁Moore , ▁Wil st ach , ▁& ▁Bald win ), ▁ 1 8 6 8 . ▁▁ ▁Wood ward , ▁Henry ▁D . ▁Let ters ▁from ▁Henry ▁D . ▁Wood ward ▁to ▁His ▁Mother ▁( To led o , ▁O H : ▁ ▁s . n .), ▁ 1 8 7 4 . ▁Att ribution ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Ohio ▁in ▁the ▁Civil ▁War : ▁ 8 4 th ▁Ohio ▁Vol unte er ▁Infantry ▁by ▁Larry ▁Stevens ▁ ▁National ▁flag ▁of ▁the ▁ 8 4 th ▁Ohio ▁Infantry ▁ ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁Category : Oh io ▁Civil ▁War ▁reg iments ▁Category : 1 8 6 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Ohio <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Mel aka ▁Fol ks ▁Art ▁Gallery ▁( Mal ay : ▁Gal eri ▁Sen i ▁Rak y at ▁Mel aka ) ▁is ▁an ▁art ▁gallery ▁in ▁Mel aka ▁City , ▁Mel aka , ▁Malays ia , ▁dedicated ▁to ▁promote ▁the ▁work ▁and ▁them es ▁of ▁local ▁artists ▁in ▁Mel aka . ▁ ▁History ▁The |
▁gallery ▁was ▁inspired ▁by ▁Yang ▁di - P ert ua ▁Neg eri ▁of ▁Mel aka ▁Moh d ▁K hal il ▁Ya ak ob . ▁It ▁was ▁opened ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁and ▁was ▁offici ated ▁by ▁Mel aka ▁Chief ▁Minister ▁Moh d ▁Ali ▁R ust am ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁Architecture ▁The ▁gallery ▁is ▁hous ed ▁in ▁a ▁two - story ▁building . ▁The ▁gallery ▁building ▁also ▁consists ▁of ▁a ▁painting ▁studio ▁room ▁for ▁pain ters ▁to ▁produce ▁their ▁art works ▁and ▁a ▁shop . ▁ ▁Ex hib itions ▁The ▁main ▁exhibition ▁hall ▁of ▁the ▁gallery ▁houses ▁more ▁than ▁ 8 0 ▁paint ings ▁with ▁various ▁them es ▁made ▁by ▁local ▁artists . ▁ ▁Activ ities ▁The ▁gallery ▁regularly ▁held ▁various ▁painting ▁exhib itions ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁painting ▁work sh ops . ▁ ▁Open ing ▁time ▁The ▁gallery ▁opens ▁every day ▁except ▁Monday ▁from ▁ 9 . 0 0 ▁a . m . ▁to ▁ 5 . 3 0 ▁p . m . ▁free ▁of ▁charge . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁tour ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁Mel aka ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Malays ia ▁Category : Art ▁museum s ▁and ▁gall eries ▁in ▁Malays ia ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Mal ac ca ▁Category : T our ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁Mal ac ca <0x0A> </s> ▁Li ang ▁Wang ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Wang ▁Li ang |
▁( disambiguation ) ▁— ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁surname ▁Wang , ▁such ▁as ▁Li ang ▁Wang ▁( ob o ist ) ▁ ▁Chinese ▁royal ty ▁In ▁Chinese ▁history , ▁Li ang ▁Wang ▁( Pr ince / K ing ▁of ▁Li ang ) ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁W arring ▁States ▁period ▁Mon arch s ▁of ▁Wei ▁( state ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Li ang ▁after ▁ 3 3 4 ▁BC ▁King ▁H ui ▁of ▁Wei ▁( d ied ▁ 3 1 9 ▁BC ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁King ▁H ui ▁of ▁Li ang ▁ ▁Han ▁dynast y ▁and ▁Sh u ▁Han ▁P eng ▁Y ue ▁( d ied ▁ 1 9 6 BC ), ▁King ▁of ▁Li ang ▁during ▁the ▁Q in – H an ▁transition , ▁created ▁ 2 0 3 BC ▁Li u ▁Wu , ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( d ied ▁ 1 4 4 BC ) ▁Li u ▁Mai ▁( d ied ▁ 1 3 7 BC ) ▁Li u ▁X i ang , ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( d ied ▁ 9 7 BC ) ▁Li u ▁Li ▁( Three ▁Kingdom s ) ▁( d ied ▁ 2 4 4 ), ▁Sh u ▁Han ▁imperial ▁prince , ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁from ▁ 2 2 1 ▁to ▁ 2 3 0 ▁ ▁Six teen ▁Kingdom s ▁Li u ▁He ▁( H an ▁Z ha o ) ▁( d ied ▁ 3 1 0 ), ▁Form er ▁Z ha |
o ▁r uler , ▁known ▁as ▁King ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁after ▁ 3 0 8 ▁( Some ) ▁k ings ▁of ▁Form er ▁Li ang : ▁Z hang ▁Sh i ▁( Form er ▁Li ang ) ▁( re igned ▁ 3 1 4 – 3 2 0 ), ▁hon ored ▁as ▁King ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE5> <0x87> <0x89> 王 ) ▁post hum ously ▁Z hang ▁Ma o ▁( re igned ▁ 3 2 0 – 3 2 4 ) ▁Z hang ▁Jun ▁( pr ince ) ▁( re igned ▁ 3 2 4 – 3 4 6 ) ▁Z hang ▁Ch ong h ua ▁( re igned ▁ 3 4 6 – 3 5 3 ) ▁Z hang ▁Zu o ▁( re igned ▁ 3 5 3 – 3 5 5 ) ▁Z hang ▁X uan j ing ▁( re igned ▁ 3 5 5 – 3 6 3 ) ▁Kings ▁of ▁Southern ▁Li ang ▁( S ix teen ▁Kingdom s ): ▁T uf a ▁W ug u ▁( re igned ▁ 3 9 7 – 3 9 9 ) ▁T uf a ▁Lil ug u ▁( re igned ▁ 3 9 9 – 4 0 2 ) ▁T uf a ▁R ut an ▁( re igned ▁ 4 0 2 – 4 1 4 ) ▁Kings ▁of ▁Northern ▁Li ang : ▁Du an ▁Ye ▁( re igned ▁ 3 9 7 – 4 0 1 ) ▁Ju qu ▁M eng x un ▁( re igned |
▁ 4 0 1 – 4 3 3 ) ▁Ju qu ▁M uj ian ▁( re igned ▁ 4 3 3 – 4 3 9 ) ▁Ju qu ▁Wu hui ▁( re igned ▁ 4 4 2 – 4 4 4 ) ▁Ju qu ▁An z hou ▁( re igned ▁ 4 4 4 – 4 6 0 ) ▁Kings ▁of ▁Western ▁Li ang ▁( S ix teen ▁Kingdom s ): ▁Li ▁G ao ▁( re igned ▁ 4 0 0 – 4 1 7 ) ▁Li ▁X in ▁( West ern ▁Li ang ) ▁( re igned ▁ 4 1 7 – 4 2 0 ) ▁Li ▁X un ▁( re igned ▁ 4 2 0 – 4 2 1 ) ▁Q if u ▁Gang ui ▁( d ied ▁ 4 1 2 ), ▁Western ▁Q in ▁r uler , ▁known ▁as ▁Prince / K ing ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁from ▁ 3 9 4 ▁to ▁ 3 9 5 ▁ ▁Li ang ▁dynast y ▁and ▁Western ▁Li ang ▁Emperor ▁Wu ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( 4 6 4 – 5 4 9 ), ▁briefly ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁in ▁ 5 0 2 ▁before ▁he ▁founded ▁the ▁Li ang ▁dynast y ▁Emperor ▁X uan ▁of ▁Western ▁Li ang ▁( 5 1 9 – 5 6 2 ), ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁from ▁ 5 5 0 ▁to ▁ 5 5 5 |
▁before ▁he ▁became ▁em peror ▁Emperor ▁J ing ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( 5 4 3 – 5 5 8 ), ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁briefly ▁in ▁ 5 5 5 ▁before ▁he ▁became ▁em peror ▁X iao ▁Z hu ang ▁( 5 4 8 - 5 7 7 ? ), ▁Li ang ▁dynast y ▁em peror ▁who ▁fled ▁to ▁Northern ▁Q i ▁in ▁ 5 6 0 , ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁after ▁ 5 7 0 ▁ ▁S ui – T ang ▁transition ▁X iao ▁X ian ▁( 5 8 3 – 6 2 1 ), ▁war l ord ▁who ▁declared ▁himself ▁King ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁in ▁ 6 1 7 ▁Li ▁G ui ▁( d ied ▁ 6 1 9 ), ▁war l ord ▁who ▁declared ▁himself ▁King ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE5> <0x87> <0x89> 王 ) ▁in ▁ 6 1 7 ▁Sh en ▁F ax ing ▁( d ied ▁ 6 2 0 ), ▁war l ord ▁who ▁declared ▁himself ▁King ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁in ▁ 6 1 9 ▁ ▁Tang ▁dynast y ▁and ▁Five ▁D ynast ies ▁Li ▁Zh ong ▁( 6 4 3 – 6 6 5 ), ▁Tang ▁dynast y ▁imperial ▁prince , ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁after ▁ 6 5 6 ▁Wu ▁Sans i ▁( d ied ▁ 7 0 |
7 ), ▁Wu ▁Z et ian ' s ▁nep hew , ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁from ▁ 6 9 0 ▁to ▁ 7 0 5 ▁Z hu ▁W en ▁( 8 5 2 – 9 1 2 ), ▁late ▁Tang ▁dynast y ▁war l ord , ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁from ▁ 9 0 3 ▁to ▁ 9 0 5 ▁before ▁he ▁founded ▁the ▁Later ▁Li ang ▁dynast y ▁Gu o ▁Z ong x un ▁( 9 5 3 – 9 7 3 ), ▁Later ▁Z hou ▁em peror , ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁briefly ▁in ▁ 9 5 9 ▁before ▁he ▁became ▁em peror ▁ ▁L iao ▁dynast y ▁Emperor ▁Sh eng z ong ▁of ▁L iao ▁( 9 7 2 – 1 0 3 1 ), ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁from ▁ 9 8 0 ▁to ▁ 9 8 2 ▁before ▁he ▁became ▁em peror ▁Emperor ▁X ing z ong ▁of ▁L iao ▁( 1 0 1 6 – 1 0 5 5 ), ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁from ▁ 1 0 1 8 ▁to ▁ 1 0 3 1 ▁before ▁he ▁became ▁em peror ▁Emperor ▁Da oz ong ▁of ▁L iao ▁( 1 0 3 2 – 1 1 0 1 ), ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> |
<0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁from ▁ 1 0 3 8 ▁to ▁ 1 0 4 2 ▁before ▁he ▁became ▁em peror ▁Emperor ▁T ian zu o ▁of ▁L iao ▁( 1 0 7 5 – ? ), ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁from ▁ 1 0 8 1 ▁to ▁ 1 0 8 4 ▁before ▁he ▁became ▁em peror ▁ ▁O thers ▁W uz hu ▁( d ied ▁ 1 1 4 8 ), ▁Jin ▁dynast y ▁imperial ▁prince , ▁post hum ously ▁created ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁Bas al aw ar mi ▁( d ied ▁ 1 3 8 2 ), ▁late ▁Y uan ▁dynast y ▁war l ord ▁in ▁Y unn an , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Prince ▁of ▁Li ang ▁( <0xE6> <0xA2> <0x81> 王 ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Li ang ▁( disambiguation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Charles ▁Bath urst ▁( c . ▁ 1 7 0 3 – 1 7 4 3 ) ▁of ▁Cl ints ▁and ▁Sk utter sk elf e , ▁York shire ▁was ▁a ▁British ▁politician ▁who ▁sat ▁in ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁briefly ▁from ▁ 1 7 2 7 ▁to ▁ 1 7 2 8 ▁▁ ▁Bath urst ▁was ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Charles ▁Bath urst ▁of ▁Cl ints ▁and ▁Sk utter sk elf e , ▁York shire , ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Frances ▁Pot ter , ▁daughter ▁ ▁of ▁Thomas ▁Pot ter ▁merchant ▁of ▁Le eds . ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Richmond , ▁York shire |
, ▁and ▁was ▁admitted ▁at ▁Peter house , ▁Cambridge ▁on ▁ 2 5 ▁April ▁ 1 7 2 0 , ▁aged ▁ 1 6 . ▁In ▁ 1 7 2 4 ▁he ▁succeeded ▁his ▁father . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁prominent ▁fre em ason , ▁▁ ▁Bath urst ▁was ▁▁ ▁High ▁Sher iff ▁of ▁York shire ▁for ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 7 2 7 ▁to ▁ 1 7 2 8 . ▁At ▁the ▁ 1 7 2 7 ▁British ▁general ▁election , ▁ ▁he ▁was ▁returned ▁as ▁Member ▁of ▁Parliament ▁for ▁Richmond ▁w th ▁Sir ▁Mar m adu ke ▁Wy v ill . ▁ ▁Their ▁friend ▁ ▁the ▁mayor , ▁who ▁was ▁returning ▁officer , ▁allowed ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁un qual ified ▁persons ▁to ▁vote ▁for ▁them . ▁On ▁pet ition ▁the ▁seats ▁were ▁awarded ▁to ▁their ▁oppon ents ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁March ▁ 1 7 2 8 . ▁He ▁did ▁not ▁stand ▁again . ▁ ▁Bath urst ▁▁ ▁became ▁ins ane . ▁In ▁ 1 7 3 0 ▁he ▁killed ▁his ▁but ler ▁but ▁the ▁coron er ' s ▁in quest ▁decided ▁he ▁had ▁acted ▁in ▁self - def ence . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁said ▁that ▁at ▁an ▁inn , ▁ ▁he ▁threw ▁a ▁wait er ▁down st airs ▁and ▁broke ▁his ▁leg , ▁telling ▁the ▁inn keeper ▁to ▁put ▁it ▁in ▁the ▁bill . ▁ ▁He ▁married ▁Anne ▁Hend ry , ▁sister ▁of ▁John ▁Hend ry ▁of ▁Nor bon , ▁county ▁Dur ham ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁February ▁ 1 |
7 3 6 . ▁ ▁Bath urst ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 7 4 3 ▁ ▁and ▁was ▁buried ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁September . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁described ▁in ▁his ▁ob itu ary ▁ ▁as ▁‘ a ▁man ▁of ▁viv acity , ▁integrity , ▁and ▁gener os ity ’ . ▁ ▁References ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 7 0 0 s ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 7 4 3 ▁death s ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Great ▁Britain ▁for ▁English ▁constitu encies ▁ ▁Category : B rit ish ▁MP s ▁ 1 7 2 7 – 1 7 3 4 ▁Charles <0x0A> </s> ▁German ▁Village ▁was ▁the ▁nick name ▁for ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁mock ▁houses ▁constructed ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁by ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁in ▁the ▁D ug way ▁Pro ving ▁Gr ound ▁in ▁Ut ah , ▁roughly ▁ ▁south west ▁of ▁Salt ▁Lake ▁City , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁conduct ▁experiments ▁used ▁for ▁the ▁bomb ing ▁of ▁Naz i ▁Germany . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁D ug way ▁was ▁a ▁high - security ▁testing ▁facility ▁for ▁chemical ▁and ▁bi ological ▁weapons . ▁The ▁purpose ▁of ▁the ▁rep lic as ▁of ▁German ▁homes , ▁which ▁were ▁repeatedly ▁re built ▁after ▁being ▁intention ally ▁burn ed ▁down , ▁was ▁to ▁perfect ▁tact ics ▁in ▁the ▁fire ▁bomb ing ▁of ▁German ▁resident ial ▁areas ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁ ▁The ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁employed ▁German ▁é migr é ▁architect s ▁such ▁as ▁Er ich ▁M end el |
so hn ▁to ▁create ▁copies ▁as ▁accurate ▁as ▁possible ▁of ▁the ▁dwell ings ▁of ▁dens ely ▁populated ▁poor er ▁qu arters ▁of ▁Berlin . ▁The ▁main ▁goal ▁was ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁t actic ▁to ▁achieve ▁a ▁fire ▁storm ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁center . ▁ ▁The ▁architect s ▁who ▁worked ▁on ▁the ▁German ▁village ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁Japanese ▁equivalent ▁also ▁included ▁Kon rad ▁W ach sm ann ▁and ▁Anton in ▁Raymond . ▁ ▁The ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁also ▁h ired ▁Standard ▁O il ▁Development ▁Company ▁to ▁assist ▁in ▁the ▁practical ▁testing ▁and ▁construction . ▁Er ich ▁M end el so hn ▁and ▁Kon rad ▁W ach sm ann ▁ad vised ▁on ▁construction ▁techniques ▁and ▁materials . ▁Paul ▁Z ucker , ▁Hans ▁Kn oll ▁and ▁George ▁Hart mu eller ▁ad vised ▁on ▁design ing ▁authentic ▁interior ▁furn ish ings . ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁was ▁authentic ▁down ▁to ▁the ▁smallest ▁details , ▁including ▁authentic ▁German ▁heavy ▁furn ish ings , ▁clothes ▁h anging ▁in ▁clos ets ▁and ▁children ' s ▁to ys . ▁ ▁Wood ▁and ▁paint , ▁both ▁for ▁interior ▁and ▁exterior , ▁was ▁selected ▁so ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁authentic ▁both ▁in ▁the ▁German ▁and ▁Japanese ▁village ; ▁in ▁the ▁Japanese ▁village ▁there ▁were ▁ch op st icks ▁on ▁the ▁tables . ▁The ▁German ▁village ▁cost ▁$ 5 7 5 , 0 0 0 ▁to ▁build . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁found ▁that ▁it ▁was ▁easier ▁to ▁set ▁fire ▁to ▁Japanese ▁housing , ▁but ▁that ▁German ▁houses ▁were ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁have ▁un cont |
roll able ▁fires . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Japanese ▁Village ▁ ▁Str ateg ic ▁bomb ing ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁Mike ▁Davis , ▁" Ber lin ' s ▁S ke leton ▁in ▁Ut ah ' s ▁Cl os et ," ▁in ▁Dead ▁C ities : ▁And ▁Other ▁T ales ▁( New ▁York : ▁The ▁New ▁Press , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ; ▁paper back ▁ 2 0 0 3 ), ▁ 6 4 - 8 3 ; ▁ ▁or ▁. ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁Aer ial ▁view ▁of ▁German ▁and ▁Japanese ▁villages , ▁May ▁ 2 7 ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁ ▁Ass ault ▁on ▁German ▁Village ▁( Trans lation ▁of ▁article ▁below ) ▁ ▁An gr iff ▁auf ▁" G erman ▁Village " ▁Der ▁Sp iegel ▁ 1 1 . 1 0 . 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁" G erman ▁Village " ▁may ▁soon ▁cr umble ▁ ▁Historic ▁E valu ation ▁of ▁German ▁Village ▁at ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁D ug way ▁Pro ving ▁Gr ounds ▁ ▁US ▁Army ▁B ases ▁ ▁D ug way ▁M IL ▁site ▁on ▁the ▁village ▁( With ▁images ▁of ▁the ▁village ) ▁ ▁Good bye ▁to ▁Berlin ▁ ▁Background ▁and ▁draw ings ▁from ▁the ▁US ▁government ▁ ▁them il it ary standard ▁ ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁strateg ic ▁bomb ing ▁of ▁Germany ▁Category : Fire b omb ings ▁Category : A er ial ▁bomb ing ▁Category : A er ial ▁war fare ▁strategy ▁Category : |
In c endi ary ▁weapons ▁Category : Mil it ary ▁install ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁To o ele ▁County , ▁Ut ah ▁Category : We ap ons ▁test ▁sites <0x0A> </s> ▁From ▁its ▁beg inn ings , ▁the ▁St ▁John ▁Am bul ance ▁Brigade ▁employed ▁ranks ▁and ▁ins ign ia ▁to ▁distinguish ▁gr ades ▁within ▁its ▁membership ▁and ▁management ▁structure ; ▁these ▁were ▁extended ▁across ▁the ▁wider ▁organisation ▁following ▁its ▁merge ▁with ▁the ▁St ▁John ▁Am bul ance ▁Association ▁to ▁form ▁St ▁John ▁Am bul ance . ▁Based ▁upon ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁officer ▁and ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁other ▁ranks ▁structure ▁and ▁ins ign ia , ▁the ▁original ▁ranks ▁and ▁ins ign ia ▁have ▁been ▁subject ▁to ▁several ▁modifications ▁over ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁organisation . ▁ ▁The ▁basic ▁" star " ▁or ▁" pip " ▁has ▁at ▁its ▁centre ▁the ▁eight ▁point ▁M alt ese ▁Cross , ▁the ▁bad ge ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁St ▁John . ▁The ▁crown ▁used ▁is ▁also ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁Order . ▁At ▁the ▁higher ▁general ▁list ▁ranks , ▁crossed ▁stretch ers ▁are ▁used ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁crossed ▁sword ▁and ▁b aton ▁of ▁military ▁use . ▁In sign ia ▁are ▁in ▁silver , ▁again ▁symbol ic ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁St . ▁John . ▁ ▁Also ▁officers ▁who ▁hold ▁rank ▁within ▁the ▁organisation ▁at ▁or ▁above ▁R 4 ▁wear ▁a ▁co ck ade ▁in ▁their ▁hat ▁( w omen ) ▁and ▁have ▁a ▁silver ▁bar ▁( men |
), ▁however ▁at ▁or ▁above ▁R 3 ▁wear ▁a ▁co ck ade ▁and ▁tu ft ▁( w omen ) ▁and ▁silver ▁bar ▁and ▁Wort ▁cap ▁( men ). ▁ ▁Since ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 9 0 s ▁the ▁former ▁" S en ior ▁N CO " ▁and ▁" W arr ant ▁Officer " ▁ranks ▁have ▁been ▁abol ished . ▁These ▁ranks , ▁whose ▁titles ▁were ▁" St aff ▁Serge ant ", ▁" Cor ps ▁Serge ant ▁Major ", ▁and ▁" Count y ▁( or ▁District ▁or ▁B ail i wick ) ▁Serge ant ▁Major " ▁were ▁de emed ▁too ▁militar istic ▁in ▁form ▁although ▁a ▁few ▁previous ▁inc umb ents ▁remain . ▁Their ▁dem ise ▁has ▁gone ▁hand ▁in ▁hand ▁with ▁a ▁lower ing ▁of ▁emphas is ▁on ▁par ading ▁and ▁dr ill . ▁The ▁county ▁Serge ant ▁Major , ▁if ▁the ▁county ▁has ▁appointed ▁one , ▁we ars ▁member ▁rank ▁sl ides ▁and ▁W arr ant ▁Officer ▁Class ▁ 2 ▁( St ▁John ▁Crown ▁in ▁la ure l ▁leaves ) ▁arm ▁bad ges ▁on ▁the ▁bottom ▁of ▁each ▁arm . ▁ ▁N urs es ▁used ▁to ▁wear ▁Rh od ium ▁Metal ▁bars ▁on ▁their ▁Should er ▁Stra ps . ▁A ▁red ▁en am elled ▁bar ▁denoted ▁a ▁State ▁Register ed ▁Nur se ▁( SR N ). ▁ ▁A ▁pur ple ▁en am elled ▁bar ▁denoted ▁a ▁State ▁Cert ified ▁Mid w ive ▁( SC M ) ▁and / or ▁a ▁Nur se ▁on ▁the ▁Special ▁Part ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁Register ▁i |
. e . ▁psych iat ric ▁or ▁learning ▁dis ability ). ▁A ▁green ▁en am elled ▁bar ▁denoted ▁a ▁State ▁En rolled ▁Nur se ▁( S EN ). ▁ ▁Their ▁used ▁was ▁ab a ond oned ▁in ▁the ▁mid ▁ 1 9 9 0 s . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁one ▁W arr ant ▁Officer ▁Class ▁ 1 ▁( we aring ▁Royal ▁Ar ms ▁bad ges ▁in ▁silver ▁on ▁both ▁arms ) ▁was ▁appointed ▁at ▁National ▁H Q ▁to ▁advise ▁on ▁cer emon ial ▁matters ▁across ▁St ▁John ▁Am bul ance . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁rank ▁review , ▁a ▁simplified ▁rank ▁structure ▁was ▁introduced , ▁being ▁fully ▁implemented ▁by ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁The ▁aim ▁of ▁the ▁new ▁rank ▁structure ▁is ▁to ▁ensure ▁that ▁rank ▁is ▁applied ▁consist ently ▁throughout ▁the ▁organisation , ▁and ▁that ▁it ▁is ▁applied ▁only ▁based ▁on ▁an ▁individual ' s ▁role . ▁A ▁number ▁of ▁ranks ▁will ▁ce ase ▁to ▁exist ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁this ▁change , ▁and ▁the ▁requirements ▁for ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁remaining ▁ranks ▁will ▁change . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that , ▁effective ▁ 1 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁no ▁rank ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁worn ▁on ▁events , ▁except ▁by ▁persons ▁who ▁are ▁performing ▁an ▁oper ational ▁management ▁role ▁at ▁that ▁event . ▁Pers ons ▁who ▁are ▁undert aking ▁an ▁oper ational |
▁management ▁role , ▁but ▁who ▁do ▁not ▁have ▁rank , ▁will ▁continue ▁to ▁not ▁wear ▁rank . ▁Pers ons ▁who ▁do ▁have ▁rank , ▁but ▁who ▁are ▁not ▁in ▁an ▁oper ational ▁management ▁role ▁at ▁the ▁event ▁should ▁not ▁display ▁their ▁rank . ▁ ▁National ▁variations ▁Wh ilst ▁this ▁article ▁uses ▁English ▁St ▁John ▁Am bul ance ▁practice ▁as ▁standard , ▁in ev it ably ▁national ▁variations ▁in ▁rank ▁structure ▁have ▁occurred ▁as ▁the ▁organisation ▁has ▁spread ▁to ▁other ▁countries , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁developed ▁in ▁those ▁countries ▁with ▁a ▁degree ▁of ▁aut onomy . ▁The ▁English ▁types ▁are ▁presented ▁in ▁the ▁illustr ative ▁tables ▁below . ▁R anks ▁in ▁other ▁countries ▁are ▁usually ▁similar , ▁but ▁adopt ▁local ▁termin ology ▁such ▁as ▁( for ▁example ) ▁" Pro vin cial ▁Commission er " ▁instead ▁of ▁" Count y ▁Commission er ". ▁There ▁may ▁also ▁be ▁fewer ▁ranks ▁in ▁smaller ▁countries , ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁fewer ▁r ungs ▁of ▁management ▁structure . ▁ ▁Un ique ▁Rank ▁S lide ▁Spec ifications ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁St ▁John ▁Am bul ance ▁UK ▁rolled ▁out ▁a ▁new ▁design ▁of ▁rank ▁slide . ▁While ▁the ▁ins ign ia , ▁colours ▁and ▁text ▁font ▁remain ▁un changed , ▁the ▁sl ides ▁themselves ▁are ▁now ▁much ▁longer ▁and ▁wider , ▁with ▁ins ign ia ▁being ▁much ▁larger . ▁This ▁updated ▁design ▁for ▁rank ▁sl ides ▁corresponds ▁with ▁the ▁rise ▁of ▁the ▁Service ▁D elivery ▁Un iform ▁( SD U ), ▁rolled ▁out |
▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁modification ▁to ▁the ▁design ▁of ▁the ▁rank ▁sl ides ▁since ▁the ▁change ▁from ▁cloth ▁and ▁thread ▁to ▁rub ber - made ▁rank ▁sl ides ▁with ▁a ▁new ▁font ▁for ▁' St ▁John ▁Am bul ance ' ▁title ▁on ▁all ▁sl ides . ▁ ▁This ▁was ▁later ▁abandoned . ▁ ▁Ro le - B ased ▁Vari ations ▁▁ ▁In ▁a ▁similar ▁fashion ▁to ▁the ▁Police , ▁St ▁John ▁Am bul ance ▁used ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁role - based ▁variations ▁on ▁the ▁standard ▁rank ▁mark ings ▁detailed ▁below . ▁For ▁large - scale ▁events ▁where ▁a ▁Gold , ▁Silver , ▁Bron ze ▁command ▁structure ▁is ▁used , ▁the ▁Silver ▁and ▁Bron ze ▁command ers ▁used ▁to ▁wear ▁white ▁and ▁orange ▁rank ▁sl ides ▁respectively . ▁ ▁The ▁organisation ▁has ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁spe cially ▁trained ▁Medical ▁Response ▁Team ▁volunte ers ▁who ▁operate ▁in ▁dense ▁crow ds . ▁The ▁teams ▁operate ▁in ▁units ▁of ▁ 3 ▁with ▁a ▁designated ▁Super visor , ▁C lin ical ▁Le ad ▁and ▁an ▁Oper ator . ▁ ▁Over all ▁command ▁and ▁control ▁is ▁maintained ▁by ▁a ▁' B ron ze ' ▁officer . ▁ ▁St ▁John ▁Am bul ance ▁Medical ▁Response ▁Teams ▁remain ▁un rank ed . ▁ ▁Rank ▁tables ▁ ▁Rank ▁review ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁St ▁John ▁Am bul ance ▁officially ▁announced ▁its ▁conclusion ▁of ▁the ▁rank ▁review ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁undert aken , ▁subsequently ▁issu ing ▁advis ory ▁documents ▁to ▁its |
▁members ▁with ▁detailed ▁explan ations . ▁ ▁The ▁review ▁was ▁developed ▁to ▁ensure ▁that ▁a ▁consistent ▁and ▁appropriate ▁use ▁of ▁rank ▁for ▁positions , ▁from ▁the ▁Unit ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁senior ▁volunte ers ▁at ▁National ▁Head quarters . ▁All ▁existing ▁ranks ▁were ▁removed ▁and ▁the ▁new ▁structure ▁applied . ▁ ▁Non - Comm ission ▁Officer ▁( N CO ) ▁ranks ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁this ▁rank ▁review ▁it ▁was ▁decided ▁to ▁remove ▁all ▁N CO ▁ranks ▁for ▁adult ▁volunte ers ▁and ▁staff ▁across ▁the ▁organisation . ▁ ▁Wh ilst ▁these ▁ranks ▁have ▁been ▁removed ▁for ▁adult ▁volunte ers ▁and ▁staff , ▁they ▁still ▁remain ▁in ▁place ▁for ▁Cad ets . ▁ ▁Ass ist ants ▁and ▁deput ies ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁this ▁review , ▁Ass ist ants ▁and ▁Deput ies ▁are ▁no ▁longer ▁permitted ▁through ▁St ▁John ▁Am bul ance , ▁however ▁additional ▁team ▁members ▁may ▁be ▁added ▁for ▁ge ographical ▁coverage . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Service ▁Medal ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁St ▁John ▁In sign ia ▁of ▁the ▁V ener able ▁Order ▁of ▁St ▁John ▁ ▁Category : Non - mil it ary ▁rank ▁ins ign ia ▁R anks ▁and ▁In sign ia <0x0A> </s> ▁Charles ▁Gil pin ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁att orney ▁and ▁politician . ▁He ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁mayor ▁of ▁Philadelphia ▁from ▁ 1 8 5 1 ▁to ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁last ▁mayor ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁before ▁the ▁cons olid ation ▁of ▁Philadelphia . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Charles ▁Gil pin ▁was ▁born ▁on |
▁November ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 8 0 9 ▁in ▁Philadelphia ▁to ▁Edward ▁and ▁L yd ia ▁Gil pin . ▁His ▁father ▁Edward ▁was ▁a ▁merchant ▁whose ▁family ▁imm igr ated ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 6 0 0 s . ▁ ▁Charles ▁was ▁admitted ▁to ▁the ▁bar ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 4 ▁and ▁pract iced ▁law ▁in ▁Philadelphia . ▁ ▁Political ▁career ▁Gil pin ▁won ▁a ▁seat ▁on ▁the ▁Common ▁Council , ▁the ▁lower ▁house ▁of ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁City ▁Council ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁Select ▁Council ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 0 . ▁He ▁ran ▁for ▁mayor ▁in ▁ 1 8 4 9 ; ▁but ▁lost ▁by ▁a ▁ 6 5 - vote ▁margin ▁to ▁Jo el ▁Jones . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 0 , ▁he ▁ran ▁again ▁and ▁defeated ▁Jones ▁by ▁ 2 , 3 2 9 ▁votes . ▁He ▁won ▁re - e lection ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 1 ▁over ▁former ▁mayor ▁John ▁Swift ▁and ▁was ▁re - elect ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁and ▁ 1 8 5 3 . ▁As ▁mayor , ▁he ▁sat ▁on ▁the ▁committee ▁to ▁rewrite ▁the ▁city ▁char ter . ▁The ▁cons olid ation ▁combined ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Philadelphia ▁and ▁Philadelphia ▁County , ▁created ▁new ▁offices ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁city ▁tre as urer , ▁city ▁controller , ▁and ▁expanded ▁the ▁powers ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁government . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁change ▁in ▁city ▁government , ▁Gil pin ▁did ▁not ▁run ▁for ▁re - e lection ▁as |
▁mayor . ▁In ▁ 1 8 5 8 , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁solic itor ▁to ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁County ▁Sher iff . ▁He ▁had ▁a ▁four - year ▁st int ▁as ▁a ▁United ▁States ▁Att orney ▁for ▁the ▁Eastern ▁District ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁and ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁super visor ▁of ▁elections . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Gil pin ▁married ▁Sarah ▁Hamilton . ▁They ▁had ▁six ▁children , ▁Washington ▁H ood ▁Gil pin , ▁who ▁was ▁an ▁att orney ▁in ▁Philadelphia , ▁Charles ▁Jr ., ▁L yd ia , ▁Henry , ▁H ood ▁and ▁Bernard . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁October ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 8 9 1 ▁in ▁Philadelphia . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 0 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 9 1 ▁death s ▁Category : May ors ▁of ▁Philadelphia ▁Category : American ▁law y ers ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁American ▁polit icians <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Am her st ▁was ▁a ▁Canadian ▁autom obile ▁manufact ured ▁in ▁Am her st burg ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 1 . ▁The ▁unusual ▁feature ▁of ▁the ▁car ▁was ▁a ▁dem ount able ▁body ▁that ▁could ▁be ▁fitted ▁behind ▁the ▁front ▁seats ▁to ▁convert ▁the ▁car ▁into ▁a ▁light ▁tr uck . ▁▁ ▁The ▁car ▁was ▁fin anced ▁by ▁back ers ▁in ▁Detroit , ▁but ▁they ▁with d rew ▁their ▁support ▁before ▁production ▁comm enced . ▁Only ▁three ▁cars ▁were ▁built ▁before ▁the ▁company ▁failed . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : Br ass ▁Era ▁vehicles ▁Category : Def unct ▁motor ▁vehicle |
▁manufact ur ers ▁of ▁Canada <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁North rop ▁Gr um man ▁E - 2 ▁Haw key e ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁all - we ather , ▁car rier - cap able ▁tact ical ▁air bor ne ▁early ▁warning ▁( AE W ) ▁aircraft . ▁This ▁tw in - t urb op rop ▁aircraft ▁was ▁designed ▁and ▁developed ▁during ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁by ▁the ▁Gr um man ▁A ircraft ▁Company ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁as ▁a ▁replacement ▁for ▁the ▁earlier , ▁p ist on - eng ined ▁E - 1 ▁T rac er , ▁which ▁was ▁rapidly ▁becoming ▁ob sole te . ▁The ▁aircraft ' s ▁performance ▁has ▁been ▁upgrad ed ▁with ▁the ▁E - 2 B , ▁and ▁E - 2 C ▁versions , ▁where ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁changes ▁were ▁made ▁to ▁the ▁rad ar ▁and ▁radio ▁communic ations ▁due ▁to ▁adv ances ▁in ▁electronic ▁integrated ▁circ uits ▁and ▁other ▁electron ics . ▁The ▁fourth ▁major ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁Haw key e ▁is ▁the ▁E - 2 D , ▁which ▁first ▁fle w ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁The ▁E - 2 ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁aircraft ▁designed ▁specifically ▁for ▁its ▁role , ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁a ▁modification ▁of ▁an ▁existing ▁air frame , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Bo eing ▁E - 3 ▁S entry . ▁Vari ants ▁of ▁the ▁Haw key e ▁have ▁been ▁in ▁continuous ▁production ▁since ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁giving ▁it ▁the |
▁longest ▁production ▁run ▁of ▁any ▁car rier - based ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁The ▁E - 2 ▁also ▁received ▁the ▁nick name ▁" Super ▁F ud d " ▁because ▁it ▁replaced ▁the ▁W F ▁( l ater ▁E - 1 ) ▁" W illy ▁F ud d ". ▁In ▁recent ▁dec ades , ▁the ▁E - 2 ▁has ▁been ▁commonly ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁" H um mer " ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁distinct ive ▁sounds ▁of ▁its ▁tur b op rop ▁engines , ▁quite ▁unlike ▁that ▁of ▁tur bo jet ▁and ▁tur bo fan ▁jet ▁engines . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁service , ▁smaller ▁numbers ▁of ▁E - 2 s ▁have ▁been ▁sold ▁to ▁the ▁armed ▁forces ▁of ▁Egypt , ▁France , ▁Israel , ▁Japan , ▁Mexico , ▁Singapore , ▁and ▁Taiwan . ▁ ▁Development ▁ ▁Background ▁Cont in ual ▁improvements ▁in ▁air bor ne ▁rad ars ▁through ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁A E W ▁air plan es ▁by ▁several ▁different ▁countries ▁and ▁several ▁different ▁armed ▁forces . ▁The ▁functions ▁of ▁command ▁and ▁control ▁and ▁sea ▁and ▁air ▁surve ill ance ▁were ▁also ▁added . ▁The ▁first ▁car rier - based ▁aircraft ▁to ▁perform ▁these ▁miss ions ▁for ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁and ▁its ▁al lies ▁was ▁the ▁Douglas ▁AD ▁Sky ra ider , ▁which ▁was ▁replaced ▁in ▁US ▁Navy ▁service ▁by ▁the ▁Gr um man ▁E - 1 ▁T rac er , ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁modified ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁S - |
2 ▁Tra cker ▁tw in - engine ▁anti - sub marine ▁war fare ▁aircraft , ▁where ▁the ▁rad ar ▁was ▁carried ▁in ▁an ▁aer of o il - sh aped ▁rad ome ▁carried ▁above ▁the ▁aircraft ' s ▁fus el age . ▁ ▁E - 2 A ▁and ▁E - 2 B ▁Haw key e ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁developed ▁a ▁requirement ▁for ▁an ▁air bor ne ▁early ▁warning ▁aircraft ▁where ▁its ▁data ▁could ▁be ▁integrated ▁into ▁the ▁Naval ▁T act ical ▁Data ▁System ▁ab o ard ▁the ▁Navy ' s ▁ships , ▁with ▁a ▁design ▁from ▁Gr um man ▁being ▁selected ▁to ▁meet ▁this ▁requirement ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 7 . ▁Its ▁design , ▁initially ▁designated ▁W 2 F - 1 , ▁but ▁later ▁red es ign ated ▁the ▁E - 2 A ▁Haw key e , ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁car rier ▁plane ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁designed ▁from ▁its ▁whe els ▁up ▁as ▁an ▁A E W ▁and ▁command ▁and ▁control ▁air plane . ▁The ▁problems ▁facing ▁the ▁design ▁engine ers ▁at ▁Gr um man ▁were ▁immense , ▁and ▁were ▁comp ounded ▁by ▁having ▁to ▁const rain ▁the ▁design ▁to ▁enable ▁the ▁aircraft ▁to ▁operate ▁from ▁the ▁older ▁modified ▁s . ▁These ▁‘ small er ’ ▁carri ers ▁were ▁built ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁and ▁later ▁modified ▁to ▁allow ▁them ▁to ▁operate ▁jet ▁aircraft . ▁Con sequently , ▁various ▁height , ▁weight ▁and ▁length ▁restrictions ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁fact ored ▁into |
▁the ▁E - 2 A ▁design , ▁resulting ▁in ▁some ▁handling ▁characteristics ▁which ▁were ▁less ▁than ▁ideal . ▁The ▁E - 2 A ▁actually ▁never ▁operated ▁from ▁the ▁modified ▁Es sex ▁class ▁carri ers . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁prototype , ▁acting ▁as ▁an ▁aer od ynamic ▁test bed ▁only , ▁fle w ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁The ▁first ▁fully ▁equ ipped ▁aircraft ▁followed ▁it ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁and ▁entered ▁service ▁with ▁the ▁US ▁Navy ▁as ▁the ▁E - 2 A ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁By ▁ 1 9 6 5 ▁the ▁major ▁development ▁problems ▁delay ing ▁the ▁E - 2 A ▁Haw key e ▁got ▁so ▁bad ▁that ▁the ▁aircraft ▁was ▁actually ▁cancel led ▁after ▁ 5 9 ▁aircraft ▁had ▁already ▁been ▁built . ▁Part icular ▁difficulties ▁were ▁being ▁experienced ▁due ▁to ▁in ade qu ate ▁cool ing ▁in ▁the ▁closely ▁pack ed ▁av ion ics ▁compart ment . ▁Early ▁computer ▁and ▁complex ▁av ion ics ▁systems ▁generated ▁considerable ▁heat ; ▁without ▁proper ▁vent ilation ▁this ▁would ▁lead ▁to ▁system ▁fail ures . ▁These ▁fail ures ▁continued ▁long ▁after ▁the ▁aircraft ▁entered ▁service ▁and ▁at ▁one ▁point ▁reli ability ▁was ▁so ▁bad ▁that ▁the ▁entire ▁fleet ▁of ▁aircraft ▁was ▁ground ed . ▁ ▁After ▁Navy ▁officials ▁had ▁been ▁forced ▁to ▁explain ▁to ▁Congress ▁why ▁four ▁production ▁contract s ▁had ▁been ▁signed ▁before ▁av ion ics ▁testing ▁had ▁been ▁completed , ▁action ▁was ▁taken ; |
▁Gr um man ▁and ▁the ▁US ▁Navy ▁sc ram bled ▁to ▁improve ▁the ▁design . ▁The ▁un re li able ▁rot ary ▁drum ▁computer ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁a ▁Lit ton ▁L - 3 0 4 ▁digital ▁computer ▁and ▁various ▁av ion ics ▁systems ▁were ▁replaced ▁– ▁the ▁upgrad ed ▁aircraft ▁were ▁designated ▁E - 2 B s . ▁In ▁total , ▁ 4 9 ▁of ▁the ▁ 5 9 ▁E - 2 As ▁were ▁upgrad ed ▁to ▁E - 2 B ▁standard . ▁These ▁aircraft ▁replaced ▁the ▁E - 1 B ▁T rac ers ▁in ▁the ▁various ▁US ▁Navy ▁A E W ▁squad rons . ▁ ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key e ▁and ▁up gr ades ▁ ▁Although ▁the ▁upgrad ed ▁E - 2 B ▁was ▁a ▁vast ▁improvement ▁on ▁the ▁un re li able ▁E - 2 A , ▁it ▁was ▁an ▁inter im ▁measure . ▁The ▁US ▁Navy ▁knew ▁the ▁design ▁had ▁much ▁greater ▁cap ability ▁and ▁had ▁yet ▁to ▁achieve ▁the ▁performance ▁and ▁reli ability ▁parameters ▁set ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁original ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁design . ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁a ▁reli ability ▁improvement ▁program ▁was ▁inst ig ated . ▁In ▁addition , ▁now ▁that ▁the ▁capabilities ▁of ▁the ▁aircraft ▁were ▁starting ▁to ▁be ▁realized , ▁more ▁were ▁desired ; ▁ 2 8 ▁new ▁E - 2 C s ▁were ▁ordered ▁to ▁augment ▁the ▁ 4 9 ▁E - 2 B s ▁that ▁would ▁be ▁upgrad ed . ▁Im prov ements ▁in ▁the |
▁new ▁and ▁upgrad ed ▁aircraft ▁were ▁concentr ated ▁in ▁the ▁rad ar ▁and ▁computer ▁performance . ▁ ▁Two ▁E - 2 A ▁test ▁machines ▁were ▁modified ▁as ▁E - 2 C ▁pro tot ypes , ▁the ▁first ▁flying ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁Tri als ▁proved ▁satisf actory ▁and ▁the ▁E - 2 C ▁was ▁ordered ▁into ▁production , ▁the ▁first ▁production ▁machine ▁performed ▁its ▁initial ▁flight ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁September ▁ 1 9 7 2 . ▁The ▁original ▁E - 2 C , ▁known ▁as ▁Group ▁ 0 , ▁consisted ▁of ▁ 5 5 ▁aircraft ; ▁the ▁first ▁aircraft ▁became ▁oper ational ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁and ▁serving ▁on ▁carri ers ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁until ▁they ▁were ▁replaced ▁in ▁first - line ▁service ▁by ▁Group ▁II ▁aircraft . ▁US ▁Navy ▁Reserve ▁used ▁some ▁aircraft ▁for ▁tracking ▁drug ▁sm ug gl ers . ▁The ▁type ▁was ▁commonly ▁used ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁Gr um man ▁F - 1 4 ▁Tom cat ▁f igh ters ; ▁monitoring ▁air space ▁and ▁then ▁vector ing ▁Tom c ats ▁over ▁the ▁Link - 4 A ▁dat al ink ▁to ▁destroy ▁potential ▁thre ats ▁with ▁long ▁range ▁A IM - 5 4 C ▁Phoenix ▁miss iles . ▁ ▁The ▁next ▁production ▁run , ▁between ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁saw ▁ 1 8 ▁aircraft ▁built ▁to ▁the ▁Group ▁I |
▁standard . ▁Group ▁I ▁aircraft ▁replaced ▁the ▁E - 2 ' s ▁older ▁A PS - 1 2 5 ▁rad ar ▁and ▁T 5 6 - A - 4 2 5 ▁tur b opro ps ▁with ▁their ▁success ors , ▁the ▁A PS - 1 3 9 ▁rad ar ▁system ▁and ▁T 5 6 - A - 4 2 7 ▁tur b opro ps . ▁The ▁first ▁Group ▁I ▁aircraft ▁entered ▁service ▁on ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁Up grad ing ▁the ▁Group ▁ 0 ▁aircraft ▁to ▁Group ▁I ▁specific ations ▁was ▁considered , ▁but ▁the ▁cost ▁was ▁compar able ▁to ▁a ▁new ▁production ▁aircraft , ▁so ▁up gr ades ▁were ▁not ▁conducted . ▁Group ▁I ▁aircraft ▁were ▁only ▁flow n ▁by ▁the ▁Atlantic ▁fleet ▁squad rons . ▁This ▁version ▁was ▁followed ▁within ▁a ▁few ▁years ▁by ▁the ▁Group ▁II , ▁which ▁had ▁the ▁improved ▁A PS - 1 4 5 ▁rad ar . ▁ ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁ 5 0 ▁Group ▁II ▁aircraft ▁were ▁delivered , ▁ 1 2 ▁being ▁upgrad ed ▁Group ▁I ▁aircraft . ▁This ▁new ▁version ▁entered ▁service ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁and ▁served ▁with ▁the ▁Pacific ▁and ▁Atlantic ▁Fle et ▁squad rons . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁the ▁US ▁Navy ▁intended ▁that ▁all ▁front ▁line ▁squad rons ▁would ▁be ▁equ ipped , ▁for ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 7 5 ▁Group ▁II ▁aircraft . ▁Gr um man ▁merged ▁with ▁North rop ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁and ▁plans ▁began |
▁on ▁the ▁Group ▁II ▁Plus , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Group ▁II ▁/ ▁N AV ▁upgrade . ▁This ▁kept ▁the ▁same ▁computer ▁and ▁rad ar ▁as ▁the ▁Group ▁II ▁while ▁upgrad ing ▁the ▁pilot ▁av ion ics , ▁such ▁as ▁replacing ▁the ▁mechanical ▁In ert ial ▁Navigation ▁System ▁( IN S ) ▁with ▁a ▁more ▁reliable ▁and ▁accurate ▁las er ▁Ring ▁Gy ros cope - dri ven ▁IN S , ▁installing ▁dual ▁Mult if unction ▁Display ▁Units ▁( M F CD Us ) ▁( vice ▁one ▁in ▁the ▁Group ▁II ), ▁and ▁the ▁integration ▁of ▁G PS ▁into ▁the ▁weapon ▁system . ▁A ▁variant ▁of ▁the ▁Group ▁II ▁with ▁up gr ades ▁to ▁the ▁mission ▁computer ▁and ▁C IC ▁work st ations ▁is ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁MC U / AC IS , ▁these ▁were ▁produced ▁in ▁small ▁numbers ▁due ▁to ▁production ▁of ▁the ▁Haw key e ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁soon ▁after ▁its ▁introduction . ▁All ▁Group ▁II ▁aircraft ▁had ▁their ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁v int age ▁computer ▁process ors ▁replaced ▁by ▁a ▁mission ▁computer ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁functionality ▁via ▁modern ▁computer ▁technology , ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁Gr II M ▁Re Pr ▁( Group ▁II ▁Mission ▁Computer ▁Rep lacement ▁Program , ▁pron ounced ▁" gr im ▁re aper "). ▁ ▁Another ▁upgrade ▁to ▁the ▁Group ▁II ▁was ▁the ▁Haw key e ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁which ▁featured ▁the ▁same ▁A PS - 1 4 5 ▁rad ar ▁but ▁incorpor ated ▁an ▁upgrad ed ▁mission ▁computer |
▁and ▁C IC ▁( Com bat ▁Information ▁Center ) ▁work st ations ▁( Ad vanced ▁Control ▁Ind icator ▁Set ▁or ▁AC IS ), ▁and ▁car ries ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Navy ' s ▁new ▁C EC ▁( co oper ative ▁eng agement ▁cap ability ) ▁data - link ▁system . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁fitted ▁with ▁a ▁larger ▁capacity ▁v apor ▁cycle ▁av ion ics ▁cool ing ▁system . ▁ ▁Starting ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁a ▁hardware ▁and ▁software ▁upgrade ▁package ▁began ▁to ▁be ▁added ▁to ▁existing ▁Haw key e ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁aircraft . ▁This ▁upgrade ▁allows ▁faster ▁processing , ▁double ▁current ▁track file ▁capacity ▁and ▁access ▁to ▁satellite ▁information ▁networks . ▁Haw key e ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁co ck p its ▁being ▁upgrad ed ▁include ▁solid - state ▁glass ▁displays , ▁and ▁a ▁G PS - appro ach ▁cap ability . ▁The ▁remaining ▁Haw key e ▁Group ▁II ▁N AV ▁Up grade ▁aircraft ▁received ▁G PS ▁approach ▁cap ability , ▁but ▁did ▁not ▁get ▁the ▁solid - state ▁glass ▁displays . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁the ▁E - 2 C ' s ▁prop eller ▁system ▁was ▁changed ; ▁a ▁new ▁eight - bl aded ▁prop eller ▁system ▁named ▁N P 2 0 0 0 ▁was ▁developed ▁by ▁the ▁Hamilton - S und str and ▁company ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁old ▁four - bl aded ▁design . ▁Im prov ements ▁included ▁reduced ▁v ibr ations ▁and ▁better ▁maintain ability ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of |
▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁remove ▁prop ▁bl ades ▁individually ▁instead ▁of ▁having ▁to ▁remove ▁the ▁entire ▁prop ▁and ▁hub ▁assembly . ▁The ▁prop eller ▁bl ades ▁are ▁of ▁carbon ▁fi ber ▁construction ▁with ▁steel ▁leading ▁edge ▁inser ts ▁and ▁de - icing ▁bo ots ▁at ▁the ▁root ▁of ▁the ▁bla de . ▁ ▁E - 2 D ▁Advanced ▁Haw key e ▁ ▁Once ▁considered ▁for ▁replacement ▁by ▁the ▁" Common ▁Support ▁A ircraft ", ▁this ▁concept ▁was ▁abandoned . ▁The ▁latest ▁E - 2 ▁version ▁is ▁the ▁E - 2 D ▁Advanced ▁Haw key e , ▁which ▁features ▁an ▁entirely ▁new ▁av ion ics ▁suite ▁including ▁the ▁new ▁AN / AP Y - 9 ▁rad ar , ▁radio ▁suite , ▁mission ▁computer , ▁integrated ▁satellite ▁communic ations , ▁flight ▁management ▁system , ▁improved ▁T 5 6 - A - 4 2 7 A ▁engines , ▁a ▁glass ▁co ck pit ▁and ▁later ▁changes ▁should ▁enable ▁aer ial ▁ref uel ing ▁by ▁ 2 0 2 0 . ▁The ▁AP Y - 9 ▁rad ar ▁features ▁an ▁active ▁electron ically ▁sc anned ▁array , ▁which ▁adds ▁electronic ▁sc anning ▁to ▁the ▁mechanical ▁rotation ▁of ▁the ▁rad ar ▁in ▁its ▁rad ome . ▁The ▁E - 2 D ▁includes ▁prov isions ▁for ▁the ▁cop il ot ▁to ▁act ▁as ▁a ▁" T act ical ▁ 4 th ▁Oper ator " ▁( T 4 O ), ▁who ▁can ▁re configure ▁his ▁main ▁co ck pit ▁display ▁to ▁show ▁rad ar , ▁I FF , ▁and ▁Link ▁ |
1 6 ▁( J T ID S )/ CE C , ▁and ▁access ▁all ▁acquired ▁data . ▁The ▁E - 2 D ' s ▁first ▁flight ▁occurred ▁on ▁ 3 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁On ▁ 8 ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁an ▁E - 2 D ▁used ▁its ▁Cooper ative ▁Eng agement ▁Cap ability ▁system ▁to ▁eng age ▁an ▁over land ▁cru ise ▁miss ile ▁with ▁a ▁Standard ▁Miss ile ▁SM - 6 ▁fired ▁from ▁another ▁platform ▁in ▁an ▁integrated ▁fire - control ▁system ▁test . ▁These ▁two ▁systems ▁will ▁form ▁the ▁basis ▁of ▁the ▁Naval ▁Integr ated ▁Fire ▁Control ▁– ▁C ounter ▁Air ▁( N IF C - CA ) ▁when ▁field ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ; ▁the ▁US N ▁is ▁investig ating ▁adding ▁other ▁systems ▁to ▁the ▁N IF C - CA ▁network ▁in ▁the ▁future . ▁ ▁The ▁AP Y - 9 ▁rad ar ▁has ▁been ▁sus pected ▁of ▁being ▁capable ▁of ▁detect ing ▁f ighter - s ized ▁ste alth ▁aircraft , ▁which ▁are ▁typically ▁optimized ▁against ▁high ▁frequencies ▁like ▁Ka , ▁Ku , ▁X , ▁C , ▁and ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁S - b ands . ▁Small ▁aircraft ▁lack ▁the ▁size ▁or ▁weight ▁allow ances ▁for ▁all - spect rum ▁low - ob servable ▁features , ▁leaving ▁a ▁vulner ability ▁to ▁detection ▁by ▁the ▁U H F - band ▁AP Y - 9 ▁rad ar , ▁potentially ▁detect ing ▁fifth - gener ation ▁f igh ters ▁like ▁the ▁Russian |
▁Su k ho i ▁Su - 5 7 ▁and ▁the ▁Chinese ▁Ch eng du ▁J - 2 0 ▁and ▁Sh eny ang ▁J - 3 1 . ▁Histor ically , ▁U H F ▁rad ars ▁had ▁resolution ▁and ▁detection ▁issues ▁that ▁made ▁them ▁in effect ive ▁for ▁accurate ▁target ing ▁and ▁fire ▁control ; ▁North rop ▁Gr um man ▁and ▁Lock he ed ▁claim ▁that ▁the ▁AP Y - 9 ▁has ▁solved ▁these ▁short com ings ▁in ▁the ▁AP Y - 9 ▁using ▁advanced ▁electronic ▁sc anning ▁and ▁high ▁digital ▁computing ▁power ▁via ▁space / time ▁adapt ive ▁processing . ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Navy ' s ▁N IF C - CA ▁concept , ▁the ▁E - 2 D ▁could ▁guide ▁fleet ▁weapons , ▁such ▁as ▁A IM - 1 2 0 ▁AM RA AM ▁and ▁SM - 6 ▁miss iles , ▁onto ▁targets ▁beyond ▁a ▁launch ▁platform ' s ▁detection ▁range ▁or ▁capabilities . ▁ ▁Del iver ies ▁of ▁initial ▁production ▁E - 2 D s ▁began ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁On ▁ 4 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁D elta ▁One ▁conducted ▁the ▁first ▁E - 2 D ▁car rier ▁landing ▁ab o ard ▁USS ▁Harry ▁S . ▁Tr uman ▁as ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁car rier ▁suit ability ▁testing . ▁On ▁ 2 7 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁an ▁E - 2 D ▁was ▁successfully ▁launched ▁by ▁the ▁prototype ▁Elect romagnet ic ▁A ircraft ▁La unch ▁System ▁( EMA LS ) ▁at ▁Naval ▁Air |
▁Engineering ▁Station ▁Lake h urst . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 2 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁Office ▁of ▁the ▁Secretary ▁of ▁Def ense ▁approved ▁the ▁E - 2 D ▁to ▁enter ▁full - rate ▁production . ▁The ▁Navy ▁plans ▁for ▁an ▁initial ▁oper ational ▁cap ability ▁by ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁ 1 0 th ▁E - 2 D ▁was ▁delivered ▁to ▁the ▁Navy , ▁with ▁an ▁additional ▁ 1 0 ▁aircraft ▁in ▁various ▁stages ▁of ▁manufact uring ▁and ▁pred elivery ▁flight ▁testing . ▁On ▁ 1 8 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁North rop ▁Gr um man ▁was ▁awarded ▁a ▁$ 1 1 3 . 7 ▁million ▁contract ▁for ▁five ▁full - rate ▁production ▁Lot ▁ 2 ▁E - 2 D ▁Advanced ▁Haw key e ▁aircraft . ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁North rop ▁Gr um man ▁was ▁awarded ▁a ▁$ 6 1 7 ▁million ▁contract ▁for ▁five ▁E - 2 D s ▁until ▁full - rate ▁production ▁Lot ▁ 1 . ▁On ▁ 3 0 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁North rop ▁Gr um man ▁was ▁awarded ▁a ▁$ 3 . 6 ▁billion ▁contract ▁to ▁supply ▁ 2 5 ▁more ▁E - 2 D , ▁for ▁a ▁total ▁contract ed ▁number ▁of ▁ 5 0 ▁aircraft ; ▁ 1 3 ▁E - 2 D ▁models ▁had ▁been ▁delivered ▁by ▁that ▁time . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 |
0 1 6 , ▁an ▁E - 2 D ▁fle w ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁fitted ▁with ▁an ▁aer ial ▁ref uel ing ▁cap ability . ▁This ▁feature ▁will ▁allow ▁the ▁aircraft ▁to ▁double ▁its ▁time ▁on ▁station ▁to ▁five ▁hours , ▁and ▁increase ▁total ▁mission ▁time ▁from ▁four ▁to ▁seven ▁hours . ▁The ▁ref uel ing ▁modification ▁will ▁start ▁being ▁built ▁into ▁the ▁ 4 6 th ▁plane ▁( out ▁of ▁ 7 5 ▁planned ) ▁for ▁delivery ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁cost ing ▁an ▁additional ▁$ 2 ▁million ▁per ▁aircraft , ▁and ▁the ▁Navy ▁plans ▁to ▁retro fit ▁the ▁feature ▁on ▁all ▁previous ▁Haw key es ▁for ▁$ 6 ▁million ▁per ▁plane . ▁ ▁Design ▁ ▁The ▁E - 2 ▁is ▁a ▁high - wing ▁air plane , ▁with ▁one ▁All ison ▁T 5 6 ▁tur b op rop ▁engine ▁( 5 2 5 0 ▁sh p ▁rating ) ▁on ▁each ▁wing ▁and ▁ret ract able ▁tr icy cle ▁landing ▁g ear . ▁As ▁with ▁most ▁car rier - bor ne ▁air plan es , ▁the ▁E - 2 ▁is ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁a ▁tail ▁hook ▁for ▁recovery ▁( land ing ), ▁and ▁the ▁nose ▁g ear ▁can ▁attach ▁to ▁a ▁sh utt le ▁of ▁the ▁aircraft ▁car rier ' s ▁cat ap ult s ▁for ▁launch ▁( take off ). ▁A ▁distingu ishing ▁feature ▁of ▁the ▁Haw key e ▁is ▁its ▁ 2 4 - foot ▁( 7 . 3 ▁m ) ▁diameter ▁rot ating ▁rad ar |
▁d ome ▁( rot od ome ) ▁that ▁is ▁mounted ▁above ▁its ▁fus el age ▁and ▁wings . ▁This ▁car ries ▁the ▁E - 2 ' s ▁primary ▁anten nas ▁for ▁its ▁long - range ▁rad ar ▁and ▁I FF ▁systems . ▁No ▁other ▁car rier - bor ne ▁aircraft ▁poss esses ▁one ▁of ▁these . ▁Land - based ▁aircraft ▁with ▁rot od om es ▁include ▁the ▁Bo eing ▁E - 3 ▁S entry , ▁a ▁larger ▁A W AC S ▁air plane ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force ▁and ▁NAT O ▁air ▁forces ▁in ▁large ▁numbers . ▁The ▁similarly - pla ced ▁station ary ▁rad ome ▁of ▁the ▁E - 2 ' s ▁p ist on - eng ined ▁prede cess or , ▁the ▁E - 1 ▁T rac er , ▁also ▁mand ated ▁the ▁E - 2 ' s ▁ad option ▁of ▁a ▁modern ▁version ▁of ▁Gr um man ' s ▁long - pat ented ▁Sto - W ing ▁fol ding ▁wing ▁system , ▁prevent ing ▁the ▁fol ded ▁wing ▁pan els ▁from ▁making ▁contact ▁with ▁the ▁E - 2 ' s ▁rot od ome . ▁ ▁The ▁aircraft ▁is ▁operated ▁by ▁a ▁crew ▁of ▁five , ▁with ▁the ▁pilot ▁and ▁co - p il ot ▁on ▁the ▁flight ▁deck ▁and ▁the ▁combat ▁information ▁center ▁officer , ▁air ▁control ▁officer ▁and ▁rad ar ▁operator ▁stations ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁rear ▁fus el age ▁directly ▁beneath ▁the ▁rot od ome . ▁ ▁In ▁U . S . ▁service , ▁the |
▁E - 2 ▁Haw key e ▁provides ▁all - we ather ▁air bor ne ▁early ▁warning ▁and ▁command ▁and ▁control ▁capabilities ▁for ▁all ▁aircraft - car rier ▁battle ▁groups . ▁In ▁addition , ▁its ▁other ▁purposes ▁include ▁sea ▁and ▁land ▁surve ill ance , ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁aircraft ▁car rier ' s ▁f ighter ▁plan es ▁for ▁air ▁defense , ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁strike ▁aircraft ▁on ▁off ensive ▁miss ions , ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁search ▁and ▁rescue ▁miss ions ▁for ▁naval ▁av i ators ▁and ▁sail ors ▁lost ▁at ▁sea , ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁relay ▁of ▁radio ▁communic ations , ▁air - to - air ▁and ▁ship - to - air . ▁It ▁can ▁also ▁serve ▁in ▁an ▁air ▁traffic ▁control ▁capacity ▁in ▁emer gency ▁situations ▁when ▁land - based ▁A TC ▁is ▁un available . ▁ ▁The ▁E - 2 C ▁and ▁E - 2 D ▁Haw key es ▁use ▁advanced ▁electronic ▁sens ors ▁combined ▁with ▁digital ▁computer ▁signal ▁processing , ▁especially ▁its ▁rad ars , ▁for ▁early ▁warning ▁of ▁enemy ▁aircraft ▁attacks ▁and ▁anti - ship ▁miss ile ▁attacks , ▁and ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁car rier ' s ▁combat ▁air ▁pat rol ▁( C AP ) ▁f igh ters , ▁and ▁second arily ▁for ▁surve ill ance ▁of ▁the ▁surrounding ▁sea ▁and ▁land ▁for ▁enemy ▁war ships ▁and ▁gu ided - miss ile ▁launch ers , ▁and ▁any ▁other ▁electronic ▁surve ill ance ▁miss ions ▁as ▁directed . ▁ ▁Oper ational ▁history ▁ ▁US ▁Navy ▁ ▁The ▁E - |
2 A ▁entered ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁service ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁and ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁with ▁V AW - 1 1 ▁at ▁NAS ▁North ▁Island . ▁The ▁first ▁deployment ▁was ▁ab o ard ▁the ▁aircraft ▁car rier ▁ ▁during ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ ▁Since ▁entering ▁combat ▁during ▁the ▁Vietnam ▁War , ▁the ▁E - 2 ▁has ▁served ▁the ▁US ▁Navy ▁around ▁the ▁world , ▁acting ▁as ▁the ▁electronic ▁" ey es ▁of ▁the ▁fleet ". ▁ ▁In ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁a ▁Haw key e ▁from ▁V AW - 1 2 4 ▁" B ear ▁A ces " ▁directed ▁two ▁F - 1 4 ▁Tom c ats ▁from ▁V F - 4 1 ▁" Black ▁A ces " ▁in ▁an ▁intercept ▁mission ▁in ▁the ▁G ulf ▁of ▁Sid ra ▁that ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁down ing ▁of ▁two ▁Lib yan ▁Su k ho i ▁Su - 2 2 s . ▁Haw key es ▁from ▁V AW - 1 2 3 ▁ab o ard ▁the ▁aircraft ▁car rier ▁ ▁directed ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁F - 1 4 ▁Tom cat ▁f igh ters ▁flying ▁the ▁Com bat ▁Air ▁Pat rol ▁during ▁Operation ▁El ▁Dor ado ▁C any on , ▁the ▁joint ▁strike ▁of ▁two ▁Car rier ▁Battle ▁Gr oups ▁in ▁the ▁Mediter rane an ▁Sea ▁against ▁Lib yan ▁terror ist ▁targets ▁during ▁ 1 9 8 6 . ▁ ▁More ▁recently , ▁E - 2 C s ▁provided ▁the ▁command |
▁and ▁control ▁for ▁both ▁aer ial ▁war fare ▁and ▁land - att ack ▁miss ions ▁during ▁the ▁Pers ian ▁G ulf ▁War . ▁Haw key es ▁have ▁supported ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Coast ▁Guard , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Custom s ▁Service , ▁and ▁American ▁federal ▁and ▁state ▁police ▁forces ▁during ▁anti - d rug ▁operations . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 8 0 s , ▁several ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁E - 2 C s ▁were ▁made ▁available ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁and ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Custom s ▁Service ▁for ▁counter - n arc ot ics ▁( CN ) ▁and ▁mar itime ▁inter diction ▁operations ▁( M IO ). ▁This ▁also ▁led ▁to ▁the ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁building ▁a ▁small ▁cadre ▁of ▁Naval ▁Fl ight ▁Offic ers ▁( N FO s ), ▁starting ▁with ▁the ▁rec ruit ment ▁and ▁inter service ▁transfer ▁of ▁Navy ▁flight ▁officers ▁with ▁E - 2 ▁flight ▁experience ▁and ▁the ▁flight ▁training ▁of ▁other ▁junior ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁officers ▁as ▁N FO s . ▁A ▁fatal ▁aircraft ▁m ish ap ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁involving ▁a ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁E - 2 C ▁at ▁the ▁former ▁Naval ▁Station ▁Ro ose vel t ▁Ro ads ▁in ▁Puerto ▁Rico ▁prompt ed ▁the ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁to ▁dis continue ▁flying ▁E - 2 C s ▁and ▁to ▁return ▁its ▁E - 2 C s ▁to ▁the ▁Navy . ▁The ▁U . S ▁Custom s ▁Service ▁also ▁returned ▁its |
▁E - 2 C s ▁to ▁the ▁Navy ▁and ▁concentr ated ▁on ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁former ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁P - 3 ▁Or ion ▁aircraft ▁in ▁the ▁C N ▁role . ▁ ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key e ▁squad rons ▁played ▁a ▁critical ▁role ▁in ▁air ▁operations ▁during ▁Operation ▁Des ert ▁Storm . ▁In ▁one ▁instance , ▁a ▁Haw key e ▁crew ▁provided ▁critical ▁air ▁control ▁direction ▁to ▁two ▁F / A - 1 8 ▁Hor net ▁air cre w , ▁resulting ▁in ▁the ▁shoot down ▁of ▁two ▁Ira qi ▁Mi G - 2 1 s . ▁During ▁Oper ations ▁Southern ▁Watch ▁and ▁Des ert ▁Fox , ▁Haw key e ▁cre ws ▁continued ▁to ▁provide ▁thousands ▁of ▁hours ▁of ▁air ▁coverage , ▁while ▁providing ▁air - to - air ▁and ▁air - to - ground ▁command ▁and ▁control ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁combat ▁miss ions . ▁ ▁The ▁E - 2 ▁Haw key e ▁is ▁a ▁cru cial ▁component ▁of ▁all ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁car rier ▁air ▁wings ; ▁each ▁car rier ▁is ▁equ ipped ▁with ▁four ▁Haw key es ▁( five ▁in ▁some ▁situations ), ▁allowing ▁for ▁continuous ▁ 2 4 - hour - a - day ▁operation ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁one ▁E - 2 ▁and ▁for ▁one ▁or ▁two ▁to ▁under go ▁maintenance ▁in ▁the ▁aircraft ▁car rier ' s ▁hang ar ▁deck ▁at ▁all ▁times . ▁Until ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁the ▁US ▁Navy ▁Haw key e ' s ▁were ▁organized ▁into ▁East |
▁and ▁West ▁coast ▁wings , ▁supporting ▁the ▁respective ▁fle ets . ▁However , ▁the ▁East ▁coast ▁wing ▁was ▁dis est ab lished , ▁all ▁aircraft ▁were ▁organized ▁into ▁a ▁single ▁wing ▁based ▁at ▁Point ▁M ug u , ▁California . ▁Six ▁E - 2 C ▁aircraft ▁were ▁deployed ▁by ▁the ▁US ▁Naval ▁Reserve ▁for ▁drug ▁inter diction ▁and ▁hom eland ▁security ▁operations ▁until ▁ 9 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁when ▁the ▁sole ▁Reserve ▁squad ron , ▁V AW - 7 7 ▁' N ight wol ves ', ▁was ▁de comm ission ed ▁and ▁its ▁six ▁aircraft ▁sent ▁to ▁other ▁squad rons . ▁ ▁During ▁Operation ▁End uring ▁Fre edom ▁and ▁Operation ▁Ira qi ▁Fre edom ▁all ▁ten ▁Reg ular ▁Navy ▁Haw key e ▁squad rons ▁fle w ▁over land ▁sort ies . ▁They ▁provided ▁battle ▁management ▁for ▁attack ▁of ▁enemy ▁ground ▁targets , ▁close - air - support ▁coord ination , ▁combat ▁search ▁and ▁rescue ▁control , ▁air space ▁management , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁dat al ink ▁and ▁communication ▁relay ▁for ▁both ▁land ▁and ▁naval ▁forces . ▁During ▁the ▁after math ▁of ▁H urr icane ▁K atr ina , ▁three ▁Haw key e ▁squad rons ▁( two ▁Reg ular ▁Navy ▁and ▁one ▁Navy ▁Reserve ) ▁were ▁deployed ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁civil ian ▁relief ▁efforts ▁including ▁Air ▁Tra ffic ▁Control ▁respons ib ilities ▁sp anning ▁three ▁states , ▁and ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁U . S . ▁Army , ▁U . S . ▁Navy , ▁U . S . ▁Air ▁Force , |
▁U . S . ▁Marine ▁Corps , ▁U . S . ▁Coast ▁Guard , ▁and ▁Army ▁National ▁Guard ▁and ▁Air ▁National ▁Guard ▁hel ic opter ▁rescue ▁units . ▁ ▁Haw key e ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁first ▁deployed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁ab o ard ▁ ▁with ▁V AW - 1 1 7 , ▁the ▁" W all b angers " ▁( former ly ▁the ▁" N ighth aw ks "), ▁and ▁CV W - 1 1 . ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key es ▁have ▁been ▁upgrad ed ▁with ▁eight - bl aded ▁prop ellers ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁N P 2 0 0 0 ▁program ; ▁the ▁first ▁squad ron ▁to ▁cru ise ▁with ▁the ▁new ▁prop ellers ▁was ▁V AW - 1 2 4 ▁" B ear ▁A ces ". ▁The ▁Haw key e ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁version ▁can ▁track ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁targets ▁simultaneously ▁( while ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁detect ing ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁simultaneously ) ▁to ▁a ▁range ▁greater ▁than ▁ ▁and ▁simultaneously ▁guide ▁ 4 0 – 1 0 0 ▁air - to - air ▁intercept s ▁or ▁air - to - sur face ▁engag ements . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁several ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key es ▁from ▁the ▁Bear ▁A ces ▁of ▁V AW - 1 2 4 ▁were ▁deployed ▁from ▁ ▁as ▁flying ▁command ▁posts ▁and ▁air |
▁traffic ▁controllers ▁over ▁Ira q ▁during ▁Operation ▁In her ent ▁Resol ve ▁against ▁the ▁Islam ic ▁State . ▁ ▁V AW - 1 2 0 , ▁the ▁E - 2 C ▁fleet ▁replacement ▁squad ron ▁began ▁receiving ▁E - 2 D ▁Advanced ▁Haw key es ▁for ▁training ▁use ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁On ▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁first ▁E - 2 D s ▁were ▁delivered ▁to ▁the ▁V AW - 1 2 5 . ▁The ▁E - 2 D ▁achieved ▁Initial ▁Oper ational ▁Cap ability ▁( IO C ) ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁when ▁V AW - 1 2 5 ▁was ▁cert ified ▁to ▁have ▁five ▁oper ational ▁aircraft . ▁This ▁began ▁training ▁on ▁the ▁aircraft ▁for ▁its ▁first ▁oper ational ▁deployment , ▁scheduled ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ab o ard ▁. ▁The ▁E - 2 D ▁will ▁play ▁a ▁larger ▁role ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁E - 2 C , ▁with ▁five ▁E - 2 D s ▁ab o ard ▁each ▁car rier ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁current ▁four ▁C - models , ▁requiring ▁the ▁ac quisition ▁of ▁ 7 5 ▁total ▁E - 2 D s . ▁On ▁ 1 1 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁The odore ▁Ro ose vel t ▁Car rier ▁St rike ▁Group ▁depart ed ▁Naval ▁Station ▁Nor folk ▁and ▁returned ▁to ▁port ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁con cluding ▁the ▁first ▁oper |
ational ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁E - 2 D . ▁ ▁Other ▁operators ▁E - 2 ▁Haw key es ▁have ▁been ▁sold ▁by ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Federal ▁Government ▁under ▁Foreign ▁Military ▁Sales ▁( F MS ) ▁procedures ▁to ▁the ▁armed ▁forces ▁of ▁Egypt , ▁France , ▁Israel , ▁Japan , ▁Singapore ▁and ▁Taiwan . ▁ ▁Egypt ▁Egypt ▁purchased ▁five ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key es , ▁that ▁entered ▁service ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁and ▁were ▁upgrad ed ▁to ▁Haw key e ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁standard . ▁One ▁additional ▁upgrad ed ▁E - 2 C ▁was ▁purchased . ▁The ▁first ▁upgrad ed ▁aircraft ▁was ▁delivered ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁and ▁deliver ies ▁were ▁concluded ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁Egypt ▁requested ▁two ▁additional ▁excess ▁E - 2 C ▁aircraft ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 7 ; ▁deliver ies ▁began ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁ ▁They ▁all ▁operate ▁in ▁ 6 0 1 ▁A E W ▁Brigade , ▁C airo - West . ▁ ▁Egypt ▁used ▁the ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key e ▁in ▁a ▁bomb ing ▁operation ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁against ▁I SI L ▁in ▁Lib ya . ▁ ▁France ▁ ▁The ▁French ▁Naval ▁A viation ▁( A er on av ale ) ▁oper ates ▁three ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key es ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁the ▁only ▁operator ▁of ▁the ▁E - 2 ▁Haw key e ▁from ▁an ▁aircraft ▁car rier ▁besides ▁the |
▁U . S . ▁Navy . ▁The ▁French ▁nuclear - power ed ▁car rier , ▁, ▁currently ▁car ries ▁two ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key es ▁on ▁her ▁combat ▁pat rol s ▁off sh ore . ▁The ▁third ▁French ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key e ▁has ▁been ▁upgrad ed ▁with ▁eight - bl aded ▁prop ellers ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁N P 2 0 0 0 ▁program . ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁France ▁requested ▁the ▁foreign ▁military ▁sale ▁( F MS ) ▁of ▁an ▁additional ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁The ▁Fl ot til le ▁ 4 F ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁Navy ' s ▁Aer on av ale ▁was ▁stood ▁up ▁on ▁ 2 ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁and ▁f lies ▁its ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key es ▁from ▁its ▁naval ▁air ▁station ▁at ▁L ann - B ih ou e ▁or ▁ab o ard ▁Charles ▁de ▁Ga ulle . ▁They ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁operations ▁in ▁Afghan istan ▁and ▁Lib ya . ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Florence ▁Par ly , ▁French ▁minister ▁of ▁the ▁Arm ies , ▁announced ▁that ▁three ▁new ▁E - 2 D ▁Advanced ▁Haw key e ▁will ▁be ▁purchased ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁to ▁replace ▁the ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key es ▁in ▁service . ▁ ▁Japan ▁On ▁ 6 ▁September ▁ 1 9 7 6 , ▁Soviet ▁Air ▁Forces ▁pilot ▁Vik tor ▁Bel en ko ▁successfully ▁defect ed , ▁landing ▁his ▁Mi G - 2 |
5 ▁' F ox bat ' ▁at ▁H ak od ate ▁Airport , ▁Japan . ▁During ▁this ▁incident , ▁the ▁Japan ▁Self - Def ense ▁Forces ' ▁( J AS DF ) ▁rad ar ▁lost ▁track ▁of ▁the ▁aircraft ▁when ▁Bel en ko ▁fle w ▁his ▁Mi G - 2 5 ▁at ▁a ▁low ▁alt itude , ▁prompt ing ▁the ▁J AS DF ▁to ▁consider ▁proc ure ment ▁of ▁air bor ne ▁early ▁warning ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁Initial ly , ▁the ▁E - 3 ▁S entry ▁air bor ne ▁warning ▁and ▁control ▁system ▁aircraft ▁was ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁prime ▁candidate ▁for ▁the ▁air bor ne ▁early ▁warning ▁mission ▁by ▁the ▁J AS DF . ▁However , ▁the ▁Japanese ▁Def ense ▁Agency ▁realized ▁that ▁the ▁E - 3 ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁readily ▁available ▁due ▁to ▁US AF ▁needs ▁and ▁opt ed ▁to ▁proc ure ▁E - 2 ▁Haw key e ▁aircraft . ▁The ▁Japan ▁Air ▁Self - Def ense ▁Force ▁bought ▁th ir teen ▁E - 2 C ▁aircraft ▁to ▁improve ▁its ▁early ▁warning ▁capabilities . ▁The ▁E - 2 C ▁was ▁put ▁into ▁service ▁with ▁the ▁Air bor ne ▁Early ▁Warning ▁Group ▁( AE W G ) ▁at ▁Mis awa ▁Air ▁Base ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 1 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁Japanese ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Def ense ▁officially ▁decided ▁to ▁proc ure ▁the ▁E - 2 D ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁Haw key e , ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁Bo eing ▁ 7 |
3 7 ▁A E W & C ▁design . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁Japanese ▁government ▁requested ▁to ▁buy ▁four ▁E - 2 D s ▁through ▁a ▁Foreign ▁Military ▁S ale . ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁the ▁Def ense ▁Security ▁Co operation ▁Agency ▁not ified ▁Congress ▁of ▁the ▁possible ▁sale ▁of ▁up ▁to ▁ 9 ▁E - 2 D s ▁to ▁Japan . ▁ ▁Mexico ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁three ▁former ▁Israel ▁Air ▁Force ▁E - 2 C ▁aircraft ▁were ▁sold ▁to ▁the ▁Mexican ▁Navy ▁to ▁perform ▁mar itime ▁and ▁shore ▁surve ill ance ▁miss ions . ▁These ▁aircraft ▁were ▁upgrad ed ▁locally ▁by ▁I AI . ▁The ▁first ▁Mexican ▁E - 2 C ▁was ▁rolled ▁out ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁Singapore ▁ ▁The ▁Republic ▁of ▁Singapore ▁Air ▁Force ▁acquired ▁four ▁Gr um man ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key e ▁air bor ne ▁early ▁warning ▁aircraft ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁which ▁are ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 1 1 ▁Squadron ▁" J a eg er " ▁based ▁at ▁T eng ah ▁Air ▁Base . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁four ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key es ▁were ▁to ▁be ▁replaced ▁with ▁four ▁G ulf stream ▁G 5 5 0 s ▁which ▁would ▁become ▁the ▁primary ▁early ▁warning ▁aircraft ▁of ▁the ▁Singapore ▁Air ▁Force . ▁On ▁ 1 3 ▁April ▁ 2 0 |
1 2 , ▁the ▁newer ▁G 5 5 0 ▁A E W s ▁officially ▁took ▁over ▁duty ▁from ▁the ▁former . ▁Singapore ▁has ▁close ▁t ies ▁with ▁the ▁Israel ▁military ▁which ▁has ▁also ▁acquired ▁the ▁G 5 5 0 ▁A E W . ▁ ▁Israel ▁Israel ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁export ▁customer ; ▁its ▁four ▁Haw key es ▁were ▁delivered ▁during ▁ 1 9 8 1 , ▁complete ▁with ▁the ▁fol ding ▁wings ▁characteristic ▁of ▁car rier - bor ne ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁The ▁four ▁examples ▁were ▁soon ▁put ▁into ▁active ▁service ▁before ▁and ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁Leb anon ▁War ▁during ▁which ▁they ▁won ▁a ▁res ounding ▁victory ▁over ▁Sy rian ▁air ▁def enses ▁and ▁f ighter ▁control . ▁They ▁were ▁central ▁to ▁the ▁Isra eli ▁victory ▁in ▁the ▁air ▁batt les ▁over ▁the ▁Be ka a ▁Valley ▁during ▁which ▁more ▁than ▁ 9 0 ▁Sy rian ▁f igh ters ▁were ▁down ed . ▁The ▁Haw key es ▁were ▁also ▁the ▁lin ch p ins ▁of ▁the ▁operation ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁I AF ▁destroyed ▁the ▁surface - to - air ▁miss ile ▁( S AM ) ▁array ▁in ▁the ▁Be ka a , ▁coordin ating ▁the ▁various ▁stages ▁of ▁the ▁operation , ▁vector ing ▁plan es ▁into ▁bomb ing ▁runs ▁and ▁direct ing ▁intercept s . ▁Under ▁constant ▁esc ort ▁by ▁F - 1 5 ▁E ag les , ▁there ▁were ▁always ▁two ▁Haw key es ▁on ▁station ▁off ▁the ▁Leb an ese ▁coast , ▁cont rolling ▁the ▁various ▁assets |
▁in ▁the ▁air ▁and ▁detect ing ▁any ▁Sy rian ▁aircraft ▁upon ▁their ▁take off , ▁elimin ating ▁any ▁chance ▁of ▁surprise . ▁ ▁The ▁Isra eli ▁Air ▁Force ▁( I AF ) ▁operated ▁four ▁E - 2 s ▁for ▁its ▁hom eland ▁A E W ▁protection ▁through ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁The ▁I AF ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁user ▁of ▁the ▁E - 2 ▁to ▁install ▁air - to - air ▁ref uel ing ▁equipment . ▁ ▁Three ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁Isra eli - owned ▁Haw key es ▁were ▁sold ▁to ▁Mexico ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁after ▁they ▁had ▁been ▁upgrad ed ▁with ▁new ▁systems ; ▁the ▁remaining ▁example ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁be ▁displayed ▁in ▁the ▁Isra eli ▁Air ▁Force ▁Museum . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Singapore ▁began ▁ret iring ▁its ▁E - 2 C s ▁as ▁well . ▁Both ▁Israel ▁and ▁Singapore ▁now ▁employ ▁the ▁Israel ▁A eros pace ▁Indust ries ▁( IA I ) ▁E it am , ▁a ▁G ulf stream ▁G 5 5 0 - based ▁platform ▁with ▁El ta ' s ▁EL / W - 2 0 8 5 ▁sensor ▁package ▁( a ▁newer ▁derivative ▁of ▁the ▁air bor ne ▁Ph al con ▁system ) ▁for ▁their ▁national ▁A E W ▁programs . ▁ ▁Taiwan ▁ ▁Taiwan ▁acquired ▁four ▁E - 2 T ▁aircraft ▁from ▁the ▁US ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁November ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Taiwan ▁commission ed |
▁two ▁new ▁E - 2 K ▁Haw key es ▁at ▁an ▁official ▁ceremony ▁at ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁China ▁Air ▁Force ▁( RO C AF ) ▁base ▁in ▁P ingt ung ▁Airport ▁in ▁southern ▁Taiwan . ▁ ▁The ▁four ▁E - 2 T s ▁were ▁approved ▁for ▁upgrade ▁to ▁Haw key e ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁configuration ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁arms ▁deal . ▁The ▁four ▁E - 2 T ▁aircraft ▁were ▁upgrad ed ▁to ▁what ▁became ▁known ▁as ▁E - 2 K ▁standard ▁in ▁two ▁batch es , ▁the ▁first ▁batch ▁of ▁two ▁aircraft ▁were ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁arriv ing ▁home ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 1 ; ▁on ▁their ▁return ▁the ▁second ▁batch ▁of ▁two ▁aircraft ▁were ▁sent ▁for ▁upgrade , ▁returning ▁to ▁Taiwan ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Off ers ▁In ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁and ▁North rop ▁Gr um man ▁brief ed ▁the ▁Indian ▁Navy ▁on ▁the ▁E - 2 D ▁Advanced ▁Haw key e ▁on ▁its ▁potential ▁use ▁to ▁satisfy ▁its ▁current ▁shore - based ▁and ▁future ▁car rier - based ▁Air bor ne ▁Early ▁Warning ▁and ▁Control ▁( AE W & C ) ▁requirements . ▁The ▁Indian ▁Navy ▁has ▁reported ly ▁expressed ▁interest ▁in ▁acqu iring ▁up ▁to ▁six ▁Haw key es . ▁ ▁Vari ants ▁ ▁W 2 F - 1 ▁ ▁Original ▁design ation ▁of ▁the ▁Haw key |
e , ▁changed ▁to ▁E - 2 A ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁E - 2 A ▁ ▁Initial ▁production ▁version , ▁was ▁W 2 F - 1 ▁before ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁ 5 9 ▁built . ▁TE - 2 A ▁ ▁Two ▁E - 2 As ▁converted ▁as ▁crew ▁train ers . ▁Y C - 2 A ▁ ▁Two ▁E - 2 As , ▁B UN Os ▁ 1 4 8 1 4 7 ▁and ▁ 1 4 8 1 4 8 , ▁converted ▁as ▁pro tot ypes ▁of ▁the ▁C - 2 ▁Grey h ound ▁E - 2 B ▁ ▁As ▁E - 2 A ▁but ▁fitted ▁with ▁improved ▁computing , ▁en larg ed ▁outer ▁fins . ▁ 5 2 ▁converted ▁from ▁E - 2 A . ▁Y E - 2 C ▁ ▁Two ▁E - 2 As , ▁B UN Os ▁ 1 4 8 7 1 2 ▁and ▁ 1 4 8 7 1 3 , ▁converted ▁as ▁E - 2 C ▁pro tot ypes . ▁Design ated ▁as ▁Y E - 2 C ▁and ▁NE - 2 C ▁respectively . ▁ ▁These ▁air frames ▁then ▁finished ▁out ▁their ▁useful ▁life ▁being ▁used ▁as ▁TE - 2 C ▁pilot ▁train ers . ▁E - 2 C ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁E - 2 B ▁but ▁with ▁all ▁new ▁electron ics , ▁surve ill ance ▁rad ar ▁and ▁search ▁rad ar , ▁ 6 3 ▁built . ▁In ▁" plus - models " ▁the ▁E - |
2 C ▁also ▁has ▁upgrad ed ▁tur b op rop ▁engines . ▁E - 2 C ▁Group ▁ 0 ▁ ▁Initial ▁production ▁version ▁of ▁E - 2 C , ▁fitted ▁with ▁AN / AP S - 1 2 0 ▁or ▁AN / AP S - 1 2 5 ▁rad ar . ▁L ength ened ▁nose ▁compared ▁to ▁earlier ▁versions ▁E - 2 C ▁Group ▁I ▁New ▁rad ar ▁( AN / AP S - 1 3 9 ), ▁plus ▁upgrad ed ▁mission ▁computer ▁and ▁upgrad ed ▁engines . ▁ 1 8 ▁new ▁build ▁aircraft . ▁E - 2 C ▁Group ▁ 2 ▁AN / AP S - 1 4 5 ▁rad ar , ▁further ▁improved ▁electron ics . ▁E - 2 C ▁Group ▁ 2 ▁Plus ▁( Nav ▁Up grade ) ▁Av ion ics ▁upgrade , ▁inclusion ▁of ▁G PS ▁into ▁weapon ▁system . ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key e ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁New ▁mission ▁computer , ▁Cooper ative ▁Eng agement ▁Cap ability ▁( CE C ) ▁and ▁additional ▁satellite ▁communic ations ▁aer ial . ▁Origin ally ▁designated ▁Group ▁ 2 + . ▁E - 2 D ▁ ▁A ▁variant ▁with ▁new ▁av ion ics ▁suite , ▁improved ▁engines , ▁a ▁new ▁" glass ▁co ck pit " ▁and ▁the ▁potential ▁for ▁air - to - air ▁ref uel ing . ▁E - 2 T / K ▁ ▁E - 2 C ▁variant ▁for ▁Republic ▁of ▁China ▁( T ai wan ), ▁with ▁parts ▁taken ▁from ▁retired ▁E - 2 |
B s ▁( US N ▁Bu N os ▁ 1 5 1 7 0 9 , ▁ 1 5 1 7 1 0 , ▁ 1 5 1 7 2 4 , ▁ 1 5 2 4 7 9 ). ▁However , ▁these ▁aircraft ▁have ▁the ▁same ▁level ▁of ▁electron ics ▁as ▁the ▁E - 2 C ▁Group ▁II ▁Haw key es ▁with ▁their ▁A PS - 1 4 5 ▁rad ars , ▁and ▁are ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁E - 2 T , ▁with ▁" T " ▁stands ▁for ▁Taiwan . ▁On ▁July ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁Taiwan ▁was ▁approved ▁to ▁ac quire ▁two ▁additional ▁E - 2 ▁built ▁to ▁Haw key e ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁standard . ▁Later , ▁the ▁four ▁original ▁E - 2 T ▁were ▁also ▁upgrad ed ▁to ▁the ▁same ▁standard . ▁The ▁upgrad ed ▁aircraft ▁were ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁E - 2 K . ▁ ▁Oper ators ▁▁ ▁Egypt ian ▁Air ▁Force ▁▁ ▁French ▁Navy ▁ 4 ▁Fl ot ille ▁( E - 2 C ▁Haw key e ▁ 2 0 0 0 ) ▁▁ ▁Japan ▁Air ▁Self - Def ense ▁Force ▁▁ 6 0 1 st ▁Squadron ▁( E - 2 C ) ▁▁ 6 0 3 rd ▁Squadron ▁( E - 2 C ) ▁▁ ▁Mexican ▁Navy ▁▁ ▁Republic ▁of ▁China ▁Air ▁Force ▁▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁V AW - 1 1 2 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 1 3 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 1 5 ▁ |
▁V AW - 1 1 6 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 1 7 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 2 0 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 2 1 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 2 3 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 2 4 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 2 5 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 2 6 ▁ ▁V X - 2 0 ▁V X - 1 ▁ ▁Form er ▁operators ▁▁▁ ▁Isra eli ▁Air ▁Force ▁▁▁ ▁Republic ▁of ▁Singapore ▁Air ▁Force ▁▁▁ ▁U . S . ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁▁ ▁U . S . ▁Navy ▁( de comm ission ed ▁squad rons ) ▁ ▁V AW - 7 7 ▁ ▁V AW - 7 8 ▁ ▁V AW - 8 8 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 1 0 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 1 4 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 2 2 ▁ ▁V AW - 1 2 7 ▁ ▁A ircraft ▁on ▁display ▁ ▁E - 2 B , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 5 0 5 4 0 , ▁National ▁Naval ▁A viation ▁Museum , ▁Naval ▁Air ▁Station ▁P ens ac ola , ▁Florida ▁ ▁E - 2 B , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 5 2 4 7 6 , ▁Pat ux ent ▁River ▁Naval ▁Air ▁Museum , ▁NAS ▁Pat ux ent ▁River , ▁Maryland ▁ ▁E - 2 B , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 5 2 4 8 4 , ▁Air ▁Vict ory ▁Museum , ▁Med ford , ▁New ▁Jersey ▁ ▁E - 2 B , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 5 0 5 |
4 1 , ▁NAS ▁Nor folk ▁Air ▁Park ▁( adj acent ▁Gate ▁ 4 ), ▁Naval ▁Station ▁Nor folk / Ch amb ers ▁Field ▁( former ▁NAS ▁Nor folk ), ▁Virginia . ▁ ▁Early ▁E - 2 C ▁variant ▁nose ▁cap ▁installed ▁for ▁static ▁display . ▁ ▁E - 2 C , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 5 9 4 9 6 , ▁Naval ▁Air ▁Station ▁Fall on , ▁Nev ada . ▁ ▁E - 2 C , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 6 0 0 1 2 , ▁Garden ▁City , ▁NY ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁C rad le ▁of ▁Naval ▁A viation ▁Display ▁ ▁E - 2 C , ▁ 9 4 4 , ▁Isra eli ▁Air ▁Force ▁Museum , ▁Hat zer im ▁Air ▁Base , ▁Israel ▁ ▁E - 2 C , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 6 0 9 9 2 , ▁on ▁base ▁mem orial ▁display , ▁NAS ▁Point ▁M ug u , ▁California ▁ ▁E - 2 C , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 6 1 2 2 7 , ▁flight ▁deck ▁display ▁ab o ard ▁USS ▁Mid way ▁Museum , ▁San ▁Diego , ▁California ▁ ▁E - 2 C , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 6 1 0 9 8 , ▁on ▁display ▁at ▁former ▁NAS ▁Atlanta , ▁G A ▁ ▁E - 2 C , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 6 1 3 4 4 , ▁await ing ▁rest oration ▁at ▁Y anks ▁Air ▁Museum , ▁Ch ino , ▁CA ▁ ▁E - 2 C , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 6 2 |
7 9 6 , ▁Republic ▁of ▁Singapore ▁Air ▁Force ▁Museum , ▁ 4 0 0 ▁Airport ▁Road , ▁Singapore ▁ ▁E - 2 C , ▁Bu No ▁ 1 6 4 4 9 4 , ▁National ▁Naval ▁A viation ▁Museum , ▁Naval ▁Air ▁Station ▁P ens ac ola , ▁F L . ▁This ▁aircraft ▁was ▁the ▁last ▁to ▁launch ▁from ▁ ▁prior ▁to ▁her ▁in activ ation . ▁ ▁Spec ifications ▁( E - 2 C ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁References ▁Notes ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁Donald , ▁David , ▁ed . ▁" E - 2 ▁Haw key e ". ▁War plan es ▁of ▁the ▁Fle et . ▁A IR time , ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁. ▁▁▁ ▁God f rey , ▁David ▁W . ▁H . ▁" H aw key e : A ▁New ▁Dim ension ▁in ▁T act ical ▁War fare ". ▁Air ▁International , ▁January ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁Vol ▁ 1 2 ▁No ▁ 1 . ▁B rom ley , ▁UK : F ine ▁Scroll . ▁pp . 7 – 1 3 , ▁ 4 2 – 4 4 . ▁ ▁Jackson , ▁Mark . ▁Jane ' s ▁All ▁The ▁World ' s ▁A ircraft ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 2 0 0 4 . ▁Cou ls don , ▁UK : ▁Jane ' s ▁Information ▁Group , ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁. ▁ ▁Ne ube ck , ▁Ken . ▁E - 2 ▁Haw key e ▁Walk ▁Ar ound . ▁Squadron |
/ Sign al ▁Publications , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁. ▁ ▁Sw an borough , ▁Gordon ▁and ▁Peter ▁M . ▁Bow ers . ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁A ircraft ▁since ▁ 1 9 1 1 . ▁London : Put nam , ▁Second ▁edition , ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁. ▁ ▁Taylor , ▁John ▁W . ▁R . ▁Jane ' s ▁All ▁The ▁World ' s ▁A ircraft ▁ 1 9 7 6 – 7 7 . ▁London : J ane ' s ▁Year books , ▁ 1 9 7 6 . ▁. ▁ ▁Win chester , ▁Jim . ▁" E - 2 ▁Haw key e ▁Develop ments ". ▁Air ▁International , ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Vol ▁ 6 9 ▁No ▁ 6 . ▁St am ford , ▁UK : Key ▁Publishing . ▁pp . 4 6 – 4 9 . ▁ ▁Win chester , ▁Jim , ▁ed . ▁Military ▁A ircraft ▁of ▁the ▁Cold ▁War ▁( The ▁A viation ▁Fact file ). ▁London : ▁G range ▁Books ▁pl c , ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁. ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁ ▁E - 2 ▁fact ▁file ▁and ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key e ▁history ▁page ▁on ▁US ▁Navy ▁site ▁ ▁E - 2 ▁page ▁on ▁Global Security . org ▁ ▁E - 2 D ▁Haw key e : ▁The ▁Navy ' s ▁New ▁A W AC S ▁on ▁Def ense ▁Indust ry ▁Daily ▁ ▁" N orth rop ▁Gr um man ▁E - 2 D |
▁Advanced ▁Haw key e ▁Comple tes ▁First ▁Fl ight ", ▁North rop ▁Gr um man , ▁ 3 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ ▁Gallery ▁of ▁photograph s ▁of ▁the ▁French ▁E - 2 C ▁Haw key e ▁on ▁Net Mar ine . net ▁▁ ▁Taiwan ▁Air ▁Power ▁E - 2 T ▁page ▁ ▁E - 0 2 ▁Haw key e ▁E - 0 2 ▁Haw key e ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 s ▁United ▁States ▁military ▁reconna issance ▁aircraft ▁Category : Car rier - based ▁aircraft ▁Category : AW AC S ▁aircraft ▁Category : High - wing ▁aircraft ▁Category : T win - t urb op rop ▁tra ctor ▁aircraft ▁Category : A ircraft ▁first ▁flow n ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Sher wood ▁Met ros ▁( former ly ▁the ▁Sher wood ▁Fal cons ) ▁are ▁a ▁Canadian ▁Junior ▁C ▁ice ▁hockey ▁team ▁located ▁in ▁Sher wood , ▁Char l ott et own , ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁Island . ▁They ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁Island ▁Junior ▁C ▁Hockey ▁League . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁Sher wood ▁Fal cons ▁were ▁founded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁and ▁have ▁played ▁in ▁Char l ott et own ▁for ▁their ▁entire ▁existence . ▁They ▁became ▁def unct ▁between ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁before ▁being ▁res ur rect ed ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁season . ▁They ▁were ▁renamed ▁the ▁Met ros ▁in ▁ 2 0 |
1 5 . ▁ ▁Inc ident ▁vs . ▁A ces ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁game ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁a ▁b raw l ▁er upt ed ▁when , ▁as ▁hand sh akes ▁were ▁taking ▁place , ▁three ▁players ▁from ▁the ▁Sher wood ▁Fal cons ▁crossed ▁centre ▁ice ▁and ▁charged ▁the ▁A ces ' ▁players . ▁The ▁A ces ▁had ▁just ▁won ▁the ▁game ▁to ▁advance ▁to ▁the ▁league ▁final . ▁E ight ▁players ▁and ▁two ▁coach es ▁were ▁susp ended ▁beginning ▁the ▁next ▁season . ▁ ▁Season ▁by ▁season ▁ ▁Mar itime - H ockey ▁North ▁Junior ▁C ▁Championship ▁Eastern ▁Canada ▁Jr ▁C ▁Championships ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Vi ol ence ▁in ▁hockey ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁ice ▁hockey ▁teams ▁in ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁Island ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁P E I ▁Junior ▁C ▁Website ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁Island ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁teams ▁in ▁Prince ▁Edward ▁Island <0x0A> </s> ▁S lav ko ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁( ; ▁ 9 ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁– ▁ 1 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Ser bian ▁journalist ▁and ▁newspaper ▁publish er . ▁His ▁murder ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁in ▁Bel grade , ▁FR ▁Y ug oslav ia ▁prov oked ▁international ▁out rage ▁and ▁wide ▁condem n ation . ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁two ▁people ▁were ▁arrested ▁and ▁two ▁others ▁named ▁by |
▁the ▁Ser bian ▁police ▁as ▁suspect s ▁in ▁ Ć ur uv ija ' s ▁murder , ▁including ▁Rad om ir ▁Mark ović , ▁former ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁Security ▁Service ▁( S DB ) ▁from ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁career ▁Born ▁to ▁R ade ▁ Ć ur uv ija , ▁an ▁eth nic ▁Ser b ▁officer ▁of ▁the ▁Y ug oslav ▁People ' s ▁Army ▁( J NA ) ▁who ▁spent ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁fighting ▁in ▁L ika ▁on ▁the ▁Part isan ▁side , ▁S lav ko ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Zag reb . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁holding ▁J NA ▁rank , ▁his ▁father ▁also ▁worked ▁for ▁J NA ' s ▁C ounter int elligence ▁Service ▁( K OS ) ▁and ▁State ▁Security ▁Service ▁( U DB A ). ▁The ▁family ▁moved ▁to ▁Bel grade ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 . ▁His ▁parents ▁divor ced ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ ▁After ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Political ▁Sciences , ▁University ▁of ▁Bel grade , ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁found ▁employ ment ▁as ▁a ▁business ▁secretary ▁and ▁PR ▁assistant ▁at ▁Ma š in og rad nja ▁in ▁Bel grade . ▁He ▁soon ▁began ▁contrib uting ▁to ▁Zag reb ' s ▁Dan as ▁week ly ▁magazine , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁Social ▁Research ▁Center ▁( Cent ar ▁za ▁dru št ven a ▁ist raz ivan ja ). ▁Between ▁ 1 9 8 |
4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁anal yst ▁in ▁the ▁Federal ▁Inter ior ▁Secret ariat ▁and ▁State ▁Security ▁Service . ▁ ▁Career ▁in ▁journal ism ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 6 , ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁joined ▁the ▁staff ▁of ▁Bor ba : ▁initially ▁as ▁comment ator , ▁then ▁adv ancing ▁to ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁domestic ▁political ▁section ▁editor , ▁and ▁eventually ▁becoming ▁Bor bas ▁editor - in - ch ief . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁he ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁few ▁journal ists ▁allowed ▁to ▁stand ▁next ▁to ▁S lob od an ▁Mil o še vić ▁during ▁his ▁visit ▁to ▁Kos ovo ▁Pol je ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁April . ▁He ▁stayed ▁with ▁the ▁daily ▁paper ▁until ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁while ▁regularly ▁contrib uting ▁to ▁V jes nik , ▁N IN , ▁Ve č ern ji ▁list , ▁P obj eda , ▁TV ▁Bel grade , ▁and ▁other ▁media ▁sources . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁after ▁the ▁regime ' s ▁uno fficial ▁take over ▁at ▁Bor ba , ▁ Ć ur uv ija , ▁along ▁with ▁many ▁other ▁staff ers ▁decided ▁to ▁leave ▁the ▁daily . ▁While ▁some ▁of ▁them ▁quickly ▁recon ven ed ▁to ▁form ▁Na š a ▁bor ba , ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁took ▁another ▁career ▁route , ▁hook ing ▁up ▁with ▁M om č ilo ▁ Đ org ović ▁to ▁found ▁Ned el j ni ▁te leg raf , ▁a ▁week ly ▁tab |
lo id ▁newspaper . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁the ▁du o ▁founded ▁D ne v ni ▁te leg raf , ▁Ser bia ' s ▁first ▁priv ately ▁owned ▁daily ▁in ▁more ▁than ▁ 5 0 ▁years . ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁was ▁D T s ▁director ▁and ▁editor - in - ch ief , ▁and ▁eventually , ▁after ▁splitting ▁with ▁ Đ org ović , ▁its ▁sole ▁owner . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁addition ally ▁founded ▁a ▁bi - week ly ▁magazine ▁Ev ro pl jan in ▁where ▁he ▁gathered ▁some ▁prominent ▁Ser bian ▁journal ists , ▁including ▁Aleks and ar ▁T ij ani ć ▁and ▁L j il j ana ▁S ma j lo vić . ▁ ▁Rel ations ▁with ▁regime ▁ ▁Both ▁ Ć ur uv ija - owned ▁publications ▁benef ited ▁from ▁his ▁access ▁to ▁Mira ▁Mark ović , ▁wife ▁of ▁Ser bian ▁president ▁S lob od an ▁Mil o še vić . ▁Not ▁many ▁specific , ▁established ▁details ▁indicating ▁the ▁extent ▁of ▁their ▁relationship ▁are ▁known . ▁Most ▁come ▁from ▁second ▁or ▁third ▁hand ▁accounts . ▁Radio ▁Television ▁of ▁Ser bia ▁produced ▁a ▁television ▁document ary ▁K ad ▁re ž im ▁st rel ja ▁( 2 0 0 6 ), ▁Aleks and ar ▁T ij ani ć ▁refers ▁to ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁" non - ag gression ▁p act ▁between ▁Mira ▁and ▁S lav ko ▁allowing ▁him ▁access ▁to ▁many ▁relevant ▁pieces ▁of ▁information ▁that ▁ultimately ▁greatly |
▁increased ▁D ne v ni ▁te leg raf s ▁read ership ", ▁while ▁ Ć ur uv ija ' s ▁common - law ▁wife ▁Bran ka ▁Pr pa ▁who ▁was ▁with ▁him ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁his ▁murder ▁attach es ▁less ▁significance ▁to ▁this ▁friendship ▁saying ▁that ▁it ▁" re vol ved ▁around ▁convers ations ▁that ▁many ▁other ▁journal ists ▁engaged ▁in ▁with ▁Mira ▁Mark ović ▁hoping ▁to ▁manipulate ▁her ▁into ▁reve aling ▁more ▁than ▁she ' d ▁originally ▁planned ". ▁Pr pa ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁add : ▁" However , ▁I ▁think ▁they ▁became ▁the ▁ones ▁being ▁manip ulated ▁as ▁the ▁time ▁went ▁on ". ▁ ▁Wh atever ▁it ▁was , ▁their ▁relationship ▁was ▁d eter ior ating ▁by ▁the ▁day ▁in ▁late ▁summer ▁and ▁early ▁fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁Y ug oslav ▁army ▁and ▁Ser bian ▁police ▁were ▁in ▁various ▁stages ▁of ▁a ▁crack down ▁on ▁eth nic ▁Alban ians ▁in ▁Kos ovo , ▁and ▁both ▁of ▁ Ć ur uv ija ' s ▁publications ▁reported ▁extens ively ▁on ▁all ▁of ▁these ▁issues , ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁earned ▁D ne v ni ▁te leg raf ▁a ▁ban ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁under ▁a ▁special ▁new ▁dec ree . ▁Fur ious ▁with ▁these ▁new ▁develop ments , ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁demanded ▁to ▁see ▁Mira ▁Mark ović ▁and ▁a ▁meeting ▁was ▁arranged ▁at ▁her ▁party ' s ▁( Y ug oslav ▁Left ) ▁offices ▁during ▁the ▁week ▁D ne v ni |
▁te leg raf ▁was ▁b anned ▁as ▁the ▁new ▁Information ▁Law ▁was ▁being ▁prepared . ▁The ▁meeting , ▁reported ly ▁quickly ▁turned ▁into ▁a ▁he ated ▁exchange . ▁Bran ka ▁Pr pa , ▁ Ć ur uv ija ' s ▁common - law ▁wife , ▁and ▁L j il j ana ▁S ma j lo vić , ▁co - worker , ▁said ▁that ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁things ▁that ▁got ▁him ▁in ▁trouble ▁with ▁the ▁Mil o še vić ▁regime ▁was ▁the ▁article ▁about ▁Att ack ▁on ▁Pre kaz ▁because ▁he ▁didn ' t ▁call ▁all ▁killed ▁Kos ovo ▁Alban ians ▁“ ter ror ists ”. ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Pred rag ▁Pop ović ' s ▁book ▁O ni ▁ne ▁pra š ta ju ▁( written ▁from ▁the ▁author ' s ▁subsequent ▁inter views ▁with ▁ Ć ur uv ija ), ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁was ▁shout ing : ▁" What ▁the ▁hell ▁do ▁you ▁think ▁you ' re ▁doing . ▁If ▁you ▁continue ▁down ▁this ▁cra zy ▁path , ▁you ▁can ▁be ▁sure ▁you ' ll ▁all ▁be ▁h anging ▁off ▁lamp ▁posts ▁in ▁Ter az ije ". ▁Vis ibly ▁fl uster ed , ▁Mira ▁reported ly ▁respond ed : ▁" How ▁can ▁you ▁say ▁that ▁S lav ko , ▁after ▁all ▁we ' ve ▁allowed ▁you ". ▁S lav ko ' s ▁later ▁comment ▁was ▁also ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁book : ▁" E v ident ly ▁she ▁thought ▁she ' d ▁done ▁me ▁a ▁great ▁favour ▁by ▁allowing ▁me ▁to ▁live ▁a |
▁normal ▁life ▁and ▁publish ▁newsp apers ▁all ▁those ▁years ". ▁The ▁meeting , ▁their ▁last ▁ever , ▁ended ▁with ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁saying : ▁" S ay ▁hello ▁to ▁your ▁husband ▁for ▁me ." ▁To ▁which ▁[ a ] ▁vis ibly ▁shook ▁up ▁Mira ▁respond ed : ▁" I ▁will ▁not ▁do ▁that , ▁but ▁I ▁will ▁tell ▁him ▁everything ▁you ▁said ." ▁People ▁who ▁happened ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁the ▁building ▁said ▁Mira ▁Mark ović ▁was ▁cry ing ▁after ▁the ▁meeting . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁article ▁on ▁B 9 2 ▁TV ▁comm emor ating ▁ 7 ▁years ▁since ▁the ▁un sol ved ▁murder ▁of ▁ Ć ur uv ija , ▁his ▁wife ▁Bran ka ▁Pr pa ▁rec ount ed ▁few ▁more ▁details ▁of ▁the ▁ Ć ur uv ija - Mark ović ▁exchange : ▁" He ▁was ▁shout ing ▁' What ▁are ▁you ▁doing ▁this ▁for ? ▁You ' re ▁going ▁to ▁cause ▁a ▁w ides p read ▁war !' ▁Mira ▁then ▁told ▁him ▁' Oh , ▁so ▁you ▁want ▁them ▁to ▁bomb ▁us .' ▁He ▁respond ed ▁' Well , ▁maybe ▁they ▁should ▁bomb ▁you , ▁it ' s ▁the ▁only ▁way ▁for ▁us ▁to ▁finally ▁get ▁you ▁out ▁of ▁power ! ". ▁ ▁Ev ro pl jan in ▁trial ▁on ▁ 2 3 ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁ Ć ur uv ija ' s ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁un ple asant ▁exchange ▁was ▁a ▁sc ath ing ▁bl ast ▁about ▁the ▁couple ▁on |
▁the ▁pages ▁of ▁Ev ro pl jan in , ▁co - written ▁with ▁Aleks and ar ▁T ij ani ć . ▁The ▁issue ▁came ▁out ▁on ▁ 1 9 ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁one ▁day ▁before ▁the ▁Information ▁Law ▁was ▁passed , ▁which ▁did ▁not ▁stop ▁the ▁authorities ▁from ▁putting ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁and ▁his ▁paper ▁on ▁trial ▁four ▁days ▁later ▁and ▁pro sec uting ▁them ▁under ▁the ▁same ▁law . ▁The ▁cul min ation ▁of ▁the ▁day - long ▁trial ▁was ▁a ▁DM 3 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁fine . ▁ ▁Mur der ▁On ▁ 1 1 ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁( which ▁was ▁E aster ▁Sunday ▁in ▁the ▁Ser bian ▁Orth odox ▁Church ▁that ▁year ), ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁was ▁shot ▁dead ▁by ▁two ▁mask ed ▁men ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁his ▁house ▁in ▁Bel grade . ▁The ▁Ser bian ▁government ▁began ▁a ▁review ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁of ▁several ▁susp icious ▁cases ▁involving ▁the ▁alleg ed ▁mur ders ▁of ▁journal ists , ▁including ▁ Ć ur uv ija , ▁Milan ▁P anti ć , ▁and ▁D ada ▁V uj as in ović . ▁ ▁Aleks and ar ▁V u č ić , ▁who ▁was ▁Minister ▁for ▁Information ▁in ▁Ser bian ▁government ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁ Ć ur uv ija ' s ▁murder , ▁announced ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁on ▁Ut is ak ▁ned el je ▁that |
▁there ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁recent ▁progress ▁in ▁the ▁investigation ▁of ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁and ▁expects ▁it ▁to ▁be ▁resolved ▁soon . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 4 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Ser bian ▁police ▁arrested ▁two ▁suspect s ▁in ▁ Ć ur uv ija ' s ▁murder ▁case , ▁Milan ▁Rad on ji ć ▁and ▁Rat ko ▁Rom ić , ▁both ▁formerly ▁employed ▁by ▁the ▁Second ▁department ▁of ▁State ▁Security ▁Service ▁( S DB ). ▁ ▁Rad om ir ▁Mark ović , ▁former ▁head ▁of ▁Federal ▁Republic ▁of ▁State ▁Security ▁Service ▁currently ▁serving ▁a ▁ 4 0 - year ▁term ▁for ▁orch estr ating ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁attack ▁on ▁Ser bian ▁opposition ▁leaders ▁V uk ▁Dra š k ović , ▁and ▁Mi ros lav ▁Kur ak , ▁currently ▁at ▁large , ▁are ▁also ▁suspect s , ▁the ▁former ▁for ▁alleg edly ▁ordering ▁the ▁murder ▁and ▁the ▁latter ▁for ▁being ▁the ▁alleg ed ▁exec utor . ▁The ▁formal ▁accus ation ▁for ▁the ▁murder ▁was ▁expected ▁by ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁key ▁witness ▁for ▁the ▁pro sec ution ▁being ▁Mil or ad ▁U le me k ▁Leg ija , ▁former ▁commander ▁of ▁Special ▁Oper ations ▁Unit ▁of ▁the ▁Ser bian ▁secret ▁police . ▁ ▁The ▁former ▁Ser bian ▁secret ▁agent ▁Rat ko ▁L jub o je vić ▁told ▁a ▁Bel grade ▁Special ▁Court ▁ ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁that ▁all ▁reports ▁concerning ▁ Ć ur uv ija ▁were |
▁ordered ▁destroyed ▁on ▁ 5 ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁the ▁day ▁S lob od an ▁Mil o še vić ▁fell ▁from ▁power . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁journal ists ▁killed ▁in ▁Europe ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Link s ▁ ▁Sah ran jen ▁S lav ko ▁ Ć ur uv ija , ▁V reme . com , ▁ 1 7 ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Zag reb ▁Category : Ser bs ▁of ▁Cro atia ▁Category : Ser bian ▁journal ists ▁Category : Ass ass in ated ▁Ser bian ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁murder ed ▁in ▁Ser bia ▁Category : Uns ol ved ▁mur ders ▁in ▁Ser bia ▁Category : Ass ass in ated ▁Ser bian ▁journal ists ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Bel grade ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Political ▁Science ▁al umn i ▁Category : B ur ial s ▁at ▁Bel grade ▁New ▁C emetery ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁cr imes ▁in ▁Ser bia ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁mur ders ▁in ▁Europe ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁mur ders ▁in ▁Ser bia <0x0A> </s> ▁B ork h un ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁B ork h ū n ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Ali abad ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁T aft ▁County , ▁Y az d ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 |
0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁existence ▁was ▁noted , ▁but ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁not ▁reported . ▁ ▁References ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁T aft ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Krist i ▁Lyn n ▁De V ries ▁( born ▁March ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 2 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American - D utch ▁soft ball ▁player ▁who ▁has ▁represented ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁women ' s ▁national ▁soft ball ▁team ▁in ▁international ▁compet itions . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Font ana , ▁California , ▁De V ries ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁Cor ona , ▁California ▁and ▁graduated ▁from ▁Cor ona ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁She ▁played ▁college ▁soft ball ▁at ▁Ohio ▁State ▁University ▁from ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁Begin ning ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁she ▁played ▁profession ally ▁for ▁S par ks ▁H aar lem . ▁She ▁is ▁a ▁pitch er ▁and ▁first ▁bas eman ▁who ▁b ats ▁and ▁throws ▁right - hand ed . ▁She ▁compet es ▁for ▁the ▁Dutch ▁national ▁team ▁since ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁she ▁was ▁the ▁best ▁pitch er ▁of ▁the ▁Ohio ▁State ▁University . ▁She ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Dutch ▁team ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁in ▁Be ij ing . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁De ▁V ries ▁at ▁dut ch soft ball team . com ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 |
2 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Dutch ▁descent ▁Category : D utch ▁soft ball ▁players ▁Category : D utch ▁sport sw omen ▁Category : Oh io ▁State ▁Buck ey es ▁soft ball ▁players ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁soft ball ▁players ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : So ft ball ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Font ana , ▁California ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Cor ona , ▁California ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁San ▁Bernard ino ▁County , ▁California ▁Category : So ft ball ▁players ▁from ▁California <0x0A> </s> ▁Maj da ▁Pot ok ar ▁( 1 ▁March ▁ 1 9 3 0 ▁– ▁ 2 5 ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 1 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Sloven ian ▁film ▁and ▁theatre ▁actress . ▁ ▁D augh ter ▁of ▁actor ▁L oj ze ▁Pot ok ar , ▁she ▁graduated ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁from ▁the ▁L jub lj ana ▁Theatre , ▁Radio , ▁Film ▁and ▁Television ▁Academy . ▁Before ▁gradu ation ▁she ▁appeared ▁in ▁her ▁first ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁film ▁On ▁Our ▁O wn ▁Land , ▁the ▁first ▁ever ▁Sloven ian ▁feature ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁France ▁Š t ig lic . ▁ ▁Pot ok ar ▁was ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁L jub lj ana ▁National ▁D rama ▁Theatre ▁ensemble ▁during ▁her ▁entire ▁career ▁from ▁late ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁Selected ▁film ography |
▁On ▁Our ▁O wn ▁Land ▁( Na ▁svo ji ▁zem l ji ; ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁dir . ▁by ▁France ▁Š t ig lic ) ▁Wild ▁G row th ▁( Sam or ast nik i ; ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁dir . ▁by ▁Ig or ▁P ret nar ) ▁Don ' t ▁Cry , ▁Peter ▁( Ne ▁jo či , ▁Peter , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁dir . ▁by ▁France ▁Š t ig lic ) ▁Red ▁Whe at ▁( R de če ▁klas je , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁dir . ▁by ▁Ž iv oj in ▁Pav lo vić ) ▁A ▁Summer ▁in ▁a ▁Sea ▁Sh ell ▁( Po let je ▁v ▁š kol j ki , ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁dir . ▁by ▁T ugo ▁Š t ig lic ) ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 1 ▁death s ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁L jub lj ana ▁Category : S lo ven ian ▁stage ▁actress es ▁Category : Y ug oslav ▁actress es ▁Category : G old en ▁Arena ▁w inners ▁Category : S lo ven ian ▁film ▁actress es ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Sloven ian ▁actress es <0x0A> </s> ▁Ger hard ▁Kr üss ▁( Dec ember ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 8 5 9 ▁– ▁February ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 8 9 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁chem ist ▁and ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁Journal ▁für ▁an |
organ ische ▁Chem ie ▁( J ournal ▁of ▁In organ ic ▁Chem istry ) ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 2 . ▁ ▁The ▁journal ▁is ▁still ▁published ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Z A AC ▁- ▁Zeitschrift ▁für ▁an organ ische ▁und ▁all geme ine ▁( J ournal ▁of ▁In organ ic ▁and ▁General ▁Chem istry ). ▁Kr üss ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁several ▁topics ▁during ▁his ▁university ▁career ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Mun ich . ▁He ▁focused ▁on ▁analyt ical ▁and ▁in organ ic ▁chem istry ▁and ▁in ▁his ▁early ▁years ▁the ▁chem istry ▁of ▁gold ▁comp ounds ▁and ▁the ▁measurement ▁of ▁atomic ▁masses ▁were ▁his ▁main ▁interests . ▁Later ▁he ▁became ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁research ▁of ▁the ▁rare ▁earth ▁elements . ▁Kr üss ▁also ▁suggested ▁a ▁new ▁element ▁similar ▁to ▁c ob alt ▁solving ▁a ▁problem ▁in ▁the ▁sequence ▁of ▁iron , ▁c ob alt ▁and ▁nick el ▁in ▁the ▁periodic ▁table ; ▁he ▁named ▁it ▁g nom ium . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 5 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 9 5 ▁death s ▁Category : G erman ▁chem ists ▁Category : R are ▁earth ▁scient ists <0x0A> </s> ▁Kings ▁K ang wa ▁( born ▁ 6 ▁April ▁ 1 9 9 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Z amb ian ▁international ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁for ▁Bud u ć nost , ▁as ▁a ▁mid f iel der . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁K ang wa ▁began ▁his ▁career ▁at ▁L us aka - based ▁club ▁Happy ▁He arts . ▁In ▁ |
2 0 1 7 , ▁K ang wa ▁signed ▁for ▁Isra eli ▁club ▁H ap o el ▁Be ' er ▁She va , ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁Happy ▁He arts ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁A head ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Z amb ian ▁Super ▁League ▁season , ▁K ang wa ▁signed ▁for ▁Build con . ▁On ▁ 1 0 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁K ang wa ▁joined ▁Russian ▁club ▁Ar sen al ▁T ula . ▁ ▁International ▁career ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁K ang wa ▁was ▁called ▁up ▁by ▁Z amb ia ▁U 2 0 ▁ahead ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁C OS A FA ▁U - 2 0 ▁Cup . ▁ ▁On ▁ 9 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁K ang wa ▁made ▁his ▁debut ▁for ▁Z amb ia ▁in ▁a ▁ 2 – 1 ▁loss ▁against ▁Cam ero on . ▁On ▁ 1 6 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁K ang wa ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁goal ▁for ▁Z amb ia ▁in ▁a ▁ 3 – 2 ▁win ▁against ▁Mor oc co . ▁ ▁International ▁goals ▁Sc ores ▁and ▁results ▁list ▁Z amb ia ' s ▁goal ▁t ally ▁first . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁K ang wa ' s ▁older ▁brother , ▁Evans , ▁also ▁represents ▁the ▁Z amb ian ▁national ▁team . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from |
▁Kas ama ▁District ▁Category : Z amb ian ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : Z amb ia ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : Z amb ia ▁youth ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : H ap o el ▁Be ' er ▁She va ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Ar sen al ▁T ula ▁players ▁Category : Russ ian ▁Premier ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Z amb ian ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Z amb ian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Israel ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Israel ▁Category : Z amb ian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Russia ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Russia ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁Africa ▁U - 2 3 ▁Cup ▁of ▁Nations ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁G erson ▁Le vi ▁May en ▁Villa vic en cio ▁( born ▁February ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 8 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Salvador an ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁as ▁a ▁mid f iel der ▁for ▁El ▁Salvador ▁national ▁team . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁Youth ▁May en ▁attended ▁Man ual ▁Arts ▁High ▁School , ▁and ▁started ▁playing ▁s occer ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁young ▁with ▁a ▁club ▁named ▁Gilbert ▁L inds ay ▁Youth ▁Soccer ▁Club , ▁then ▁with ▁the ▁club ▁s occer ▁with ▁Al ta ▁L oma ▁Ar sen al ▁where ▁he ▁won ▁four ▁Cal ▁South ▁State ▁Cu ps , ▁four ▁Regional ▁Championships ▁and ▁three ▁National ▁Championships . ▁ ▁May en ▁also ▁won ▁two ▁Golden |
▁Boot ▁awards . ▁ ▁R ather ▁than ▁opt ing ▁to ▁play ▁colleg iate ▁s occer , ▁May en ▁joined ▁the ▁Ch ivas ▁USA ▁U - 1 8 ▁team . ▁ ▁Professional ▁May en ▁was ▁signed ▁to ▁a ▁full ▁professional ▁contract ▁by ▁Ch ivas ▁USA ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁after ▁training ▁with ▁the ▁club ▁throughout ▁pr ese ason . ▁He ▁did ▁not ▁make ▁an ▁appearance ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁team ▁in ▁his ▁ro ok ie ▁season , ▁but ▁made ▁ 1 2 ▁appearances ▁in ▁the ▁M LS ▁Reserve ▁Division , ▁playing ▁primarily ▁as ▁a ▁def ender ▁and ▁def ensive ▁mid f iel der . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁professional ▁debut ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁in ▁Ch ivas ' s ▁game ▁against ▁FC ▁Dallas . ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Ch ivas ▁USA ▁sent ▁May en , ▁along ▁with ▁team mate ▁Ch uk w udi ▁Ch ij indu , ▁on ▁loan ▁to ▁USS F ▁Division ▁ 2 ▁Professional ▁League ▁side ▁Miami ▁FC . ▁May en ▁returned ▁to ▁Florida ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁loan ed ▁to ▁NAS L ▁club ▁Fort ▁La ud erd ale ▁St rik ers . ▁ ▁May en ▁was ▁trad ed ▁with ▁Justin ▁Braun ▁to ▁M LS ▁expansion ▁side ▁Montreal ▁Imp act ▁for ▁James ▁R iley ▁and ▁allocation ▁money ▁on ▁November ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁However , ▁May en ▁was ▁wa ived |
▁by ▁Montreal ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁season . ▁ ▁International ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁May en ▁has ▁made ▁one ▁appearance ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁U - 2 0 ▁men ' s ▁national ▁s occer ▁team , ▁in ▁the ▁Cam pos ▁Ver des ▁International ▁Tournament ▁in ▁Portugal ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁May en ▁was ▁also ▁named ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Under ▁ 2 0 ▁World ▁Cup ▁in ▁Egypt ▁where ▁he ▁started ▁and ▁played ▁ 9 0 ▁minutes ▁against ▁Germany . ▁ ▁El ▁Salvador ▁On ▁July ▁ 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁May en ▁was ▁given ▁permission ▁by ▁the ▁FIFA ▁to ▁be ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁El ▁Salvador ▁team . ▁" After ▁a ▁thorough ▁review ▁of ▁the ▁documentation ▁submitted ▁by ▁the ▁Salvador an ▁Football ▁Federation , ▁the ▁judge ▁concluded ▁that ▁the ▁player ▁G erson ▁May en ▁Villa vic en cio ▁meets ▁the ▁objective ▁conditions ▁st ip ulated ▁in ▁Article ▁ 1 8 , ▁paragraph ▁ 1 ▁of ▁the ▁Reg ulations ▁App lic able ▁Stat ut ory ▁of ▁the ▁FIFA : ▁in ▁particular , ▁the ▁player ▁G erson ▁May en ▁has ▁never ▁played ▁an ▁international ▁" A " ▁match ▁in ▁an ▁official ▁competition ▁representing ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Soccer ▁Federation ," ▁reads ▁the ▁resolution ▁of ▁FIFA . ▁May en ▁made ▁his ▁international ▁début ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Copa ▁Centro amer icana , ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁substitute ▁at ▁the |
▁ 8 6 ' ▁minute ▁in ▁El ▁Salvador ▁ 1 – 1 ▁draw ▁with ▁H ond uras . ▁ ▁Statistics ▁ ▁International ▁goals ▁Sc ores ▁and ▁results ▁list ▁El ▁Salvador ' s ▁goal ▁t ally ▁first . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁Santa ▁T ec la ▁ ▁Primera ▁División ▁( 1 ): ▁Cla us ura ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁A pert ura ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁s occer ▁players ▁Category : Sal v ador an ▁football ers ▁Category : Ch ivas ▁USA ▁players ▁Category : M iami ▁FC ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁players ▁Category : F ort ▁La ud erd ale ▁St rik ers ▁players ▁Category : LA ▁Lag una ▁FC ▁players ▁Category : C . D . ▁F AS ▁football ers ▁Category : S anta ▁T ec la ▁F . C . ▁football ers ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Salvador an ▁descent ▁Category : H is pan ic ▁and ▁Lat ino ▁American ▁sports people ▁Category : M aj or ▁League ▁Soccer ▁players ▁Category : U SS F ▁Division ▁ 2 ▁Professional ▁League ▁players ▁Category : N orth ▁American ▁Soccer ▁League ▁players ▁Category : US L ▁League ▁Two ▁players ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁men ' s ▁under - 2 0 ▁international ▁s occer ▁players ▁Category : El ▁Salvador ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁Copa ▁Centro amer icana ▁players ▁Category : 2 0 |
1 3 ▁CON C AC AF ▁Gold ▁Cup ▁players ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁Copa ▁Centro amer icana ▁players ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁CON C AC AF ▁Gold ▁Cup ▁players ▁Category : S occer ▁players ▁from ▁California ▁Category : Sal v ador an ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : 2 0 1 9 ▁CON C AC AF ▁Gold ▁Cup ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁Y uri ▁Ivan ov ich ▁Ly kov ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 2 7 ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 1 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Russian ▁professional ▁football ▁coach ▁and ▁a ▁former ▁player . ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders ▁Category : S ov iet ▁football ers ▁Category : S ov iet ▁Top ▁League ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁SK A ▁Rost ov - on - Don ▁players ▁Category : Russ ian ▁football ▁man agers <0x0A> </s> ▁Maria ▁F at ima ▁D egu ara ▁( born ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁n ée ▁Mall ia ) ▁is ▁a ▁M alt ese ▁politician ▁of ▁the ▁National ist ▁Party ▁( Part it ▁N azz j onal ista ). ▁She ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Mal ta ▁representing ▁the ▁Ele vent h ▁District ▁elect oral ▁division . ▁She ▁was ▁elected ▁in ▁a ▁" cas ual ▁election " ▁on ▁ 2 6 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁after ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 |
▁M alt ese ▁general ▁election ▁of ▁ 3 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁following ▁the ▁res ignation ▁of ▁Simon ▁Bus ut til ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁elected ▁for ▁both ▁the ▁Ele vent h ▁and ▁Tw elf th ▁District s . ▁▁ ▁D egu ara ▁qualified ▁in ▁medicine ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Mal ta ▁and ▁has ▁special ised ▁in ▁family ▁medicine . ▁She ▁was ▁elected ▁mayor ▁of ▁N ax x ar ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁She ▁married ▁Louis ▁D egu ara ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁doctor ▁and ▁politician , ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁Minister ▁of ▁Health ▁in ▁the ▁M alt ese ▁Government ▁ 2 0 0 3 – 0 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁parliament ▁for ▁ 3 0 ▁years ▁but ▁announced ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁not ▁stand ▁for ▁re - e lection . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : M embers ▁of ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Representatives ▁of ▁Mal ta ▁Category : M alt ese ▁women ▁in ▁politics ▁Category : National ist ▁Party ▁( Mal ta ) ▁polit icians ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Mal ta ▁Category : May ors ▁of ▁places ▁in ▁Mal ta ▁Category : W omen ▁may ors ▁of ▁places ▁in ▁Mal ta <0x0A> </s> ▁S lob od an ▁" S lo bo " ▁I li jev ski ▁( C yr ill ic : ▁С ло бо |
дан ▁И ли је в ски ▁С ло бо ) ▁( Oct ober ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁in ▁Sk op je , ▁Y ug oslav ia ▁– ▁July ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁in ▁B elling ham , ▁Washington ) ▁was ▁a ▁Y ug oslav ▁and ▁Mac ed onian ▁football ▁( s occer ) ▁goal keeper ▁who ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁North ▁American ▁Soccer ▁League ▁and ▁Major ▁Ind oor ▁Soccer ▁League . ▁ ▁Club ▁career ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 7 , ▁I li jev ski ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁and ▁settled ▁with ▁extended ▁family ▁( D u š ko ▁Kr st ov ski / Det roit ▁V ard ar ▁SC ) ▁in ▁Detroit , ▁Michigan . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁he ▁signed ▁with ▁the ▁Detroit ▁Express ▁of ▁the ▁North ▁American ▁Soccer ▁League . ▁ ▁After ▁two ▁seasons ▁with ▁the ▁Express , ▁I li jev ski ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Atlanta ▁Chief s ▁for ▁one ▁season ▁before ▁moving ▁to ▁the ▁ind oor ▁game ▁with ▁the ▁St . ▁Louis ▁Ste am ers ▁of ▁the ▁Major ▁Ind oor ▁Soccer ▁League ▁in ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁He ▁would ▁spend ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁his ▁professional ▁career ▁playing ▁ind oor ▁s occer . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁seven ▁seasons ▁with ▁the ▁Ste am ers ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁M IS L ▁Go al keeper ▁of ▁the ▁Year . ▁ ▁The |
▁Ste am ers ▁fol ded ▁after ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 – 1 9 8 8 ▁season ▁and ▁I li jev ski ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Baltimore ▁Bl ast ▁for ▁one ▁season ▁before ▁returning ▁to ▁St . ▁Louis ▁to ▁sign ▁with ▁the ▁St . ▁Louis ▁Storm ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁St . ▁Louis ▁Amb ush ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Professional ▁Soccer ▁League . ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁ret irement ▁from ▁professional ▁s occer , ▁I li jev ski ▁continued ▁to ▁play ▁amateur ▁s occer ▁with ▁St . ▁Louis ▁K ut is ▁S . C . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 0 , ▁I li jev ski ▁became ▁an ▁American ▁citiz en . ▁ ▁Death ▁On ▁July ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁I li jev ski ▁ru pt ured ▁his ▁a ort a ▁while ▁playing ▁goal keeper ▁for ▁St . ▁Louis ▁K ut is ▁in ▁a ▁game ▁in ▁Seattle , ▁Washington . ▁ ▁He ▁died ▁after ▁th ir teen ▁hours ▁of ▁surg ery . ▁On ▁March ▁ 1 2 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁he ▁would ▁be ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁induct ee ▁into ▁the ▁Ind oor ▁Soccer ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁NAS L ▁stats ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁death s ▁Category : S ports people ▁from |
▁Sk op je ▁Category : Mac ed onian ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Y ug oslav ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Mac ed onian ▁descent ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁goal keep ers ▁Category : Y ug oslav ▁football ers ▁Category : Mac ed onian ▁football ers ▁Category : American ▁s occer ▁players ▁Category : Det roit ▁Express ▁players ▁Category : At l anta ▁Chief s ▁players ▁Category : St . ▁Louis ▁Ste am ers ▁( original ▁M IS L ) ▁players ▁Category : B alt imore ▁Bl ast ▁( original ▁M IS L ) ▁players ▁Category : St . ▁Louis ▁Storm ▁players ▁Category : St . ▁Louis ▁Amb ush ▁( 1 9 9 2 – 2 0 0 0 ) ▁players ▁Category : St . ▁Louis ▁K ut is ▁players ▁Category : M aj or ▁Ind oor ▁Soccer ▁League ▁( 1 9 7 8 – 1 9 9 2 ) ▁players ▁Category : N orth ▁American ▁Soccer ▁League ▁( 1 9 6 8 – 1 9 8 4 ) ▁players ▁Category : Mac ed onian ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Y ug oslav ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁s occer ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : S ports ▁death s ▁in ▁Washington ▁( state ) <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁W ul ai ▁Forest ry ▁Life ▁Museum ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁museum ▁about ▁forest ▁in ▁W ul ai ▁District , ▁New ▁Tai pe i , |
▁Taiwan . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁museum ▁was ▁formerly ▁the ▁W ul ai ▁Tr am ▁Museum ▁( ). ▁ ▁Ex hib itions ▁The ▁museum ▁exhib its ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁logging ▁in ▁W ul ai ▁area ▁and ▁also ▁its ▁log ▁cart ▁trains ▁for ▁logging ▁transport ation . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁museum s ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁ ▁W ul ai ▁Sc en ic ▁Train ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : M useum s ▁in ▁New ▁Tai pe i ▁Category : M useum s ▁with ▁year ▁of ▁establishment ▁missing ▁Category : Ge ology ▁museum s ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁Category : W ul ai ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁Identity ▁creation ▁is ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁creating ▁a ▁new ▁personal ▁identity ▁or ▁alias ▁for ▁an ▁existing ▁person . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁commonly ▁employed : ▁ ▁As ▁part ▁of ▁witness ▁protection ▁program ▁( such ▁as ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Federal ▁Wit ness ▁Prote ction ▁Program ) ▁To ▁protect ▁people ▁having ▁risk ▁of ▁being ▁murder ed ▁for ▁other ▁reasons , ▁such ▁as ▁honor ▁killing . ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁place ▁law ▁enfor cement ▁personnel ▁or ▁secret ▁agents ▁in ▁deep ▁cover . ▁In ▁order ▁to ▁commit ▁fra ud . ▁By ▁fug it ives . ▁It ▁diff ers ▁from ▁identity ▁the ft ▁in ▁that ▁the ▁new ▁identity ▁is ▁not ▁one ▁previously ▁existing . ▁ ▁Category : Ident ification <0x0A> </s> ▁E ion ▁Cross an ▁( born ▁ 1 0 ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand ) ▁is ▁a ▁New ▁Zealand ▁former ▁rugby ▁footballer ▁who ▁played ▁rugby ▁union ▁for ▁South land ▁and ▁Bay ▁of ▁Pl |
enty ▁between ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁and ▁rugby ▁league ▁for ▁the ▁South ▁Sydney ▁Rab bit oh s ▁and ▁C ron ulla ▁Sh arks ▁between ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁Play ing ▁career ▁ ▁Rugby ▁union ▁Cross on ▁played ▁for ▁South land ▁and ▁Bay ▁of ▁Pl enty ▁between ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁ 4 9 ▁games ▁for ▁South land ▁and ▁ 2 8 ▁games ▁for ▁Bay ▁of ▁Pl enty ▁▁ ▁He ▁scored ▁all ▁ 1 2 ▁points ▁( 4 ▁penalty ▁goals ) ▁for ▁South land ▁Rugby ▁Union ▁club , ▁to ▁guide ▁them ▁to ▁victory ▁over ▁France ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 9 . ▁ ▁Rugby ▁league ▁He ▁played ▁rugby ▁league ▁between ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁in ▁the ▁A RL ▁competition . ▁During ▁this ▁time ▁he ▁played ▁for ▁the ▁South ▁Sydney ▁Rab bit oh s ▁and ▁C ron ulla ▁Sh arks . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁well ▁ren owned ▁as ▁an ▁accurate ▁goal ▁k icker ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁and ▁finished ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁season ▁with ▁a ▁ 7 8 % ▁kick ing ▁record , ▁which ▁was ▁not ▁far ▁behind ▁D ary l ▁Hall igan . ▁ ▁During ▁a ▁Char ity ▁Sh ield ▁game , ▁playing ▁for ▁South s , ▁he ▁had ▁his ▁nose ▁broken ▁by ▁Drag ons ▁player ▁David ▁Bar n hill . ▁▁ 1 9 9 3 |
▁saw ▁Cross an ▁playing ▁reserve ▁grade ▁for ▁the ▁Rab bit oh s . ▁Despite ▁his ▁great ▁goal ▁kick ing ▁pro w ess , ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁oppos itions ▁teams ▁lear nt ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁a ▁weak ness ▁in ▁his ▁tack ling ▁technique , ▁and ▁had ▁been ▁target ed ▁late ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁season . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁he ▁switched ▁to ▁the ▁C ron ulla ▁Sh arks ▁and ▁played ▁for ▁them ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁season . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁A RL , ▁he ▁scored ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 3 2 4 ▁points , ▁including ▁ 1 4 0 ▁goals ▁at ▁ 7 0 %. ▁He ▁also ▁scored ▁ 1 1 ▁tries . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁External ▁links ▁ ▁Sh arks ▁Fore ver ▁For ums ▁- ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : New ▁Zealand ▁rugby ▁league ▁players ▁Category : S outh ▁Sydney ▁Rab bit oh s ▁players ▁Category : C ron ulla - S uther land ▁Sh arks ▁players ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁the ▁Bay ▁of ▁Pl enty ▁Region ▁Category : New ▁Zealand ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁Category : R ugby ▁league ▁w ingers ▁Category : S outh land ▁St ags ▁players ▁Category : B ay ▁of ▁Pl enty ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁Category : R ugby ▁union ▁wings <0x0A> </s> ▁Serge js ▁Laz ov sk is ▁( born ▁ 1 9 ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 6 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Lat |
v ian ▁weight l if ter . ▁He ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁men ' s ▁middle ▁heavy weight ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Lat v ian ▁male ▁weight l if ters ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁weight l if ters ▁of ▁Lat via ▁Category : Weight l if ters ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Lud za <0x0A> </s> ▁C yp rian ▁K ik uni ▁B am wo ze ▁was ▁the ▁inaug ural ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Bus oga ▁in ▁U g anda . ▁▁ ▁B am wo ze ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁the ▁U g anda ▁Christian ▁University . ▁He ▁was ▁ord ained ▁ ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 . ▁He ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁Dioc ese ▁of ▁Nam ire m be ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 2 ▁and ▁his ▁appointment ▁as ▁bishop . ▁▁ ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Ang lic an ▁b ish ops ▁Category : U g anda ▁Christian ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : B ish ops ▁of ▁Sor oti <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 0 5 – 0 6 ▁Sy rac use ▁Or ang emen ▁basketball ▁team ▁represented ▁Sy rac use ▁University ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 5 – 0 6 ▁college ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁season . ▁The |
▁head ▁coach ▁was ▁John ▁A . ▁R . ▁Scott , ▁co aching ▁his ▁third ▁season ▁with ▁the ▁Or ang emen . ▁ ▁Sch edule ▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁* The ▁ 1 / 1 2 / 1 9 0 6 ▁meeting ▁against ▁Williams ▁ended ▁with ▁a ▁for fe it ▁from ▁Williams , ▁giving ▁Sy rac use ▁the ▁victory . ▁ ▁Source ▁ ▁R oster ▁ ▁Art ▁Pow ell ▁ ▁Edd ie ▁D oll ard ▁ ▁George ▁Kirch gr asser ▁ ▁George ▁Red lein ▁ ▁Max ▁R ie hl ▁ ▁John ▁St ark ▁ ▁David ▁Lee ▁ ▁Jack ▁S cul ly ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Sy rac use ▁Category : S y rac use ▁Orange ▁men ' s ▁basketball ▁seasons ▁Sy rac use ▁Orange ▁Basketball ▁Team ▁Sy rac use ▁Orange ▁Basketball ▁Team <0x0A> </s> ▁Bor is ▁Singh ▁Th ang j am ▁( born ▁ 3 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 0 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Indian ▁professional ▁footballer ▁who ▁plays ▁as ▁a ▁def ender ▁for ▁AT K ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁Super ▁League ▁ ▁Career ▁Born ▁in ▁Man ip ur , ▁Th ang j am ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁A I FF ▁El ite ▁Academy ▁batch ▁that ▁was ▁prepar ing ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁FIFA ▁U - 1 7 ▁World ▁Cup ▁to ▁be ▁hosted ▁in ▁India . ▁After ▁the ▁tournament , ▁Th ang j am ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁play ▁for ▁the ▁Indian ▁Ar rows , ▁an ▁All ▁India ▁Football ▁Federation - owned ▁team ▁that ▁would ▁consist ▁of ▁India ▁under - 2 0 ▁players ▁to |
▁give ▁them ▁playing ▁time . ▁He ▁made ▁his ▁professional ▁debut ▁for ▁the ▁side ▁in ▁the ▁Ar row ' s ▁first ▁match ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁against ▁Chen na i ▁City . ▁He ▁started ▁and ▁scored ▁the ▁third ▁and ▁final ▁goal ▁in ▁the ▁ 9 0 th ▁minute ▁for ▁the ▁Indian ▁Ar rows ▁as ▁they ▁won ▁ 3 – 0 . ▁ ▁International ▁Th ang j am ▁represented ▁the ▁India ▁under - 1 7 ▁side ▁which ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁FIFA ▁U - 1 7 ▁World ▁Cup ▁which ▁was ▁hosted ▁in ▁India . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁References ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Pe ople ▁from ▁Man ip ur ▁Category : Ind ian ▁football ers ▁Category : AI FF ▁El ite ▁Academy ▁players ▁Category : Ind ian ▁Ar rows ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁def enders ▁Category : Foot ball ers ▁from ▁Man ip ur ▁Category : I - Le ague ▁players ▁Category : Ind ia ▁youth ▁international ▁football ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Pay agu á ▁people , ▁also ▁called ▁Ev ue ví ▁and ▁E ve be , ▁were ▁an ▁eth nic ▁group ▁of ▁the ▁Gu ay cur u ▁pe op les ▁in ▁the ▁Northern ▁Ch aco ▁of ▁Par agu ay . ▁ ▁The ▁Pay agu á ▁were ▁a ▁river ▁tribe , ▁living , ▁hunting , ▁fish ing , ▁and ▁ra iding ▁on ▁the ▁Par agu ay ▁River . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁Pay agu á ▁was ▁given ▁to ▁them |
▁by ▁the ▁Gu aran í , ▁their ▁enemies ▁whom ▁they ▁nearly ▁constantly ▁fought . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁possible ▁that ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁Par agu ay ▁River , ▁and ▁thus ▁the ▁country ▁Par agu ay ▁itself , ▁comes ▁from ▁this ; ▁the ▁Gu aran í ▁told ▁the ▁Spanish ▁that ▁the ▁river ▁was ▁the ▁" Pay agu á - ý ", ▁or ▁" river ▁of ▁Pay agu ás ." ▁The ▁name ▁they ▁called ▁themselves ▁was ▁probably ▁Ev ue ví , ▁" people ▁of ▁the ▁river " ▁or ▁" water ▁people ." ▁The ▁Pay agu á ▁were ▁also ▁known ▁to ▁early ▁Spanish ▁expl or ers ▁as ▁" Ag aces " ▁and ▁sp elling ▁variations ▁of ▁that ▁name . ▁▁ ▁The ▁Pay agua ▁language ▁is ▁ext inct ; ▁they ▁spoke ▁a ▁Gu ay cur uan ▁language . ▁ ▁No ▁people ▁remain ▁who ▁identify ▁as ▁Pay agu á ; ▁the ▁descend ants ▁of ▁the ▁tribe ▁merged ▁with ▁other ▁Par agu ay ans , ▁either ▁as ▁mest iz os ▁or ▁with ▁other ▁pe op les , ▁commonly ▁called ▁Indians . ▁▁▁ ▁The ▁Pay agu á ▁were ▁noted ▁for ▁their ▁fer ocity ▁and ▁their ▁skill ▁navig ating ▁the ▁Par agu ay ▁River ▁in ▁their ▁large ▁d ug out ▁can o es . ▁ ▁They ▁were ▁a ▁serious ▁threat ▁to ▁Spanish ▁and ▁Portuguese ▁travel ▁on ▁the ▁river ▁from ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 6 th ▁until ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 8 th ▁century . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁Pay agu á , ▁inhab ited ▁the ▁islands ▁and ▁sh ores ▁of ▁the |
▁Par agu ay ▁River , ▁mostly ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁As un ción , ▁but ▁their ▁travel s ▁took ▁them ▁as ▁far ▁north ▁as ▁the ▁present - day ▁city ▁of ▁C ui ab á , ▁Brazil ▁and ▁as ▁far ▁south ▁as ▁present - day ▁Argentina , ▁a ▁distance ▁of ▁. ▁They ▁were ▁an ▁exception ▁to ▁the ▁horse ▁culture , ▁in ▁full ▁flower ▁by ▁ 1 6 5 0 , ▁of ▁other ▁Gu ay cur u ans . ▁ ▁The ▁Pay agua ▁p lied ▁the ▁river ▁in ▁can o es , ▁f ished ▁and ▁gathered ▁ed ible ▁plants , ▁and ▁ra ided ▁their ▁agricult ural ▁neighb ors , ▁the ▁Gu aran í , ▁to ▁the ▁east . ▁F ear ▁of ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁drove ▁the ▁Gu ar ani ▁into ▁the ▁arms ▁of ▁the ▁Spanish , ▁a ▁factor ▁leading ▁to ▁the ▁establishment ▁among ▁the ▁Gu ar ani ▁of ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁miss ions , ▁including ▁the ▁famous ▁Jes uit ▁redu ctions ▁in ▁Par agu ay , ▁Argentina , ▁and ▁Brazil . ▁ ▁The ▁Pay agu á ▁population ▁at ▁time ▁of ▁first ▁contact ▁with ▁Europe ans ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁and ▁early ▁ 1 7 th ▁century ▁has ▁been ▁various ly ▁estimated ▁as ▁between ▁ 6 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁ 2 4 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁As ▁with ▁most ▁Indian ▁pe op les , ▁their ▁numbers ▁decl ined ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁introduction ▁of ▁European ▁dise ases ▁and ▁by ▁ 1 6 0 2 ▁the ▁Spanish ▁were ▁speaking ▁of ▁their |
▁dimin ished ▁numbers . ▁Dim in ished ▁numbers ▁not with standing , ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁men ac ed ▁Spanish ▁travel ▁on ▁the ▁Par agu ay ▁river ▁for ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 ▁years . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁European ▁to ▁come ▁into ▁contact ▁with ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁the ▁cast away ▁and ▁expl orer ▁Ale ix o ▁Gar cia . ▁Gar cia ▁was ▁killed ▁in ▁ 1 5 2 5 ▁near ▁the ▁Par agu ay ▁river , ▁possibly ▁by ▁the ▁Pay agu á . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 5 2 7 , ▁the ▁expl orer ▁Sebastian ▁Cab ot ▁fought ▁a ▁river ▁battle ▁against ▁Pay agu ás ▁near ▁the ▁j unction ▁of ▁the ▁Par agu ay ▁and ▁B erme jo ▁River ▁in ▁present ▁day ▁Argentina . ▁The ▁Pay agu á ▁force ▁was ▁estimated ▁by ▁a ▁later ▁Spanish ▁chron ic ler ▁to ▁have ▁number ed ▁ 3 0 0 ▁can o es ▁( pro bably ▁an ▁ex agger ation ▁as ▁Pay agu á ▁can o es ▁typically ▁transport ed ▁about ▁ 1 0 ▁men ). ▁In ▁ 1 5 3 7 , ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁killed ▁Juan ▁de ▁A val os ▁and ▁ 8 0 ▁Sp ani ards ▁at ▁a ▁for tr ess ▁the ▁Spanish ▁had ▁ere cted , ▁probably ▁near ▁present - day ▁F uerte ▁O lim po , ▁Par agu ay . ▁▁ ▁War ▁with ▁the ▁Portuguese . ▁The ▁Pay agu á ▁were ▁roughly ▁divided ▁into ▁two ▁groups ; ▁a ▁northern ▁branch ▁was ▁lo os ely ▁aligned ▁with |
▁the ▁K adi we u ▁people ▁( a ▁band ▁of ▁the ▁M bay á ▁people ). ▁They ▁resist ed ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁in ▁Brazil , ▁especially ▁after ▁the ▁discovery ▁of ▁gold ▁near ▁C ua ib á ▁in ▁ 1 7 1 8 ▁initi ated ▁a ▁gold ▁r ush ▁by ▁Portuguese ▁wealth ▁seek ers ▁who ▁mostly ▁arrived ▁by ▁can oe ▁on ▁the ▁Par agu ay ▁River . ▁ ▁The ▁Pay agua ▁resist ed ▁the ▁intr usion ▁by ▁attack ing ▁the ▁gold - se ek ers ▁on ▁the ▁river . ▁ ▁Most ▁not ably , ▁in ▁ 1 7 2 5 ▁they ▁anni h il ated ▁a ▁party ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 ▁men ▁on ▁the ▁river . ▁In ▁ 1 7 3 0 , ▁ 8 0 0 ▁Pay agu á ▁war riors ▁killed ▁most ▁of ▁a ▁party ▁of ▁ 4 0 0 . ▁ ▁They ▁trad ed ▁the ▁proceed s ▁of ▁their ▁ra ids , ▁including ▁gold , ▁to ▁the ▁Spanish ▁in ▁As un ción ▁for ▁iron ▁tools . ▁Re pr is als ▁against ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁were ▁in effect ive ▁until ▁ 1 7 3 4 , ▁when ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁scored ▁a ▁victory , ▁but ▁the ▁next ▁year ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁destroyed ▁a ▁con voy ▁of ▁ 5 0 ▁can o es ▁( per haps ▁ 5 0 0 ▁men ). ▁ ▁After wards , ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁attacks ▁continued , ▁but ▁on ▁a ▁less er ▁scale . ▁The ▁northern ▁bands ▁of ▁the ▁Pay agua ▁made ▁peace ▁with ▁the ▁Portuguese |
▁in ▁ 1 7 5 2 ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 7 6 6 ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁northern ers ▁requested ▁to ▁take ▁up ▁residence ▁near ▁the ▁Jes uit ▁reduction ▁at ▁Bel én , ▁Par agu ay . ▁However , ▁a ▁few ▁of ▁them ▁continu ing ▁ra iding ▁until ▁ 1 7 8 9 . ▁▁ ▁War ▁with ▁the ▁Spanish . ▁Contact ▁with ▁the ▁Spanish ▁with ▁the ▁southern ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁was ▁divided ▁by ▁Barbara ▁G anson ▁into ▁two ▁periods : ▁ 1 5 2 8 - 1 7 3 0 , ▁sp or adic , ▁host ile ▁contact ; ▁and ▁ 1 7 3 0 - 1 8 1 1 , ▁extensive ▁contact ▁and ▁accommod ation ▁by ▁the ▁Pay agua ▁to ▁the ▁Spanish . ▁During ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century , ▁the ▁Pay agu á , ▁described ▁as ▁" river ▁pir ates ", ▁men ac ed ▁the ▁commerce ▁of ▁the ▁y er ba ▁mate ▁trade ▁on ▁the ▁Par agu ay ▁River , ▁forcing ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁trade ▁to ▁go ▁over land . ▁The ▁Pay agu á ▁along ▁with ▁their ▁al lies , ▁the ▁M bay á , ▁also ▁carried ▁out ▁murder ous ▁ra ids ▁to ▁obtain ▁horses , ▁cattle , ▁and ▁other ▁goods ▁from ▁Spanish ▁settlement s ▁and ▁Jes uit ▁redu ctions . ▁The ▁Spanish ▁on ▁their ▁part ▁declared ▁in ▁ 1 6 1 3 ▁a ▁" war ▁of ▁fire ▁and ▁blood " ▁against ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁and ▁M bay á ▁and ▁sent ▁out ▁numerous ▁exped itions ▁to ▁attempt |
▁to ▁kill ▁or ▁ens lave ▁them . ▁▁ ▁Dec line . ▁By ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 8 th ▁century , ▁the ▁southern ▁Pay agu á ▁were ▁being ▁over wh el med ▁by ▁the ▁Spanish . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 3 0 , ▁the ▁Spanish ▁changed ▁their ▁policy ▁of ▁" fire ▁and ▁blood " ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁fost ering ▁friendly ▁relations ▁and ▁trade ▁with ▁the ▁Pay agu á . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁ 1 7 4 0 s ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁Pay agua ▁were ▁engaged ▁in ▁supp lying ▁the ▁Spanish ▁sett lers ▁and ▁cities ▁with ▁fish ▁caught ▁in ▁the ▁river . ▁The ▁Pay agu á ▁continued ▁to ▁resist ▁adopt ing ▁Christian ity ; ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 1 ▁only ▁two ▁among ▁them ▁had ▁become ▁Christians , ▁but ▁a ▁large ▁scale ▁bapt ism ▁of ▁Pay agu á ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 2 . ▁A ▁ 1 7 9 3 ▁report ▁described ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁as ▁" do cile , ▁noble , ▁dedicated ▁to ▁working , ▁sub ordin ated ▁to ▁their ▁super iors , ▁and ▁other ▁good ▁qual ities ." ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century , ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁became ▁the ▁river ▁police ▁of ▁Par agu ay , ▁employed ▁by ▁the ▁government ▁to ▁pat rol ▁the ▁rivers ▁and ▁prevent ▁people ▁and ▁goods ▁from ▁entering ▁the ▁country ▁il leg ally . ▁During ▁the ▁Par agu ay an ▁War ▁( 1 8 6 4 - 1 8 7 0 ) ▁the ▁Pay agu á ▁were ▁organized ▁by ▁the |
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