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▁the ▁public ▁and ▁to ▁consider ▁the ▁well - being ▁and ▁interests ▁of ▁the ▁municip ality ; ▁to ▁develop ▁and ▁evaluate ▁policies ▁and ▁programs ; ▁to ▁determine ▁which ▁services ▁the ▁municip ality ▁provides ; ▁to ▁ensure ▁administrative ▁practices ▁and ▁procedures ▁are ▁in ▁place ▁to ▁implement ▁the ▁decisions ▁of ▁Council ; ▁and ▁to ▁maintain ▁the ▁financial ▁integrity ▁of ▁the ▁municip ality . ▁The ▁Council ▁generally ▁meets ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁third ▁Mond ays ▁of ▁each ▁month . ▁All ▁meetings ▁are ▁open ▁to ▁the ▁public ▁and ▁are ▁also ▁telev ised ▁live ▁on ▁the ▁local ▁Government - access ▁television ▁( G AT V ) ▁cable ▁TV ▁channel . ▁ ▁The ▁current ▁council ▁( 2 0 1 8 - 2 0 2 2 ▁term ) ▁was ▁sw orn ▁in ▁on ▁December ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁with ▁the ▁following ▁members : ▁ ▁Mayor ▁Jeff ▁A . ▁Jordan ▁ ▁Town ▁Council ▁Members ▁Ward ▁ 1 ▁Coun c ill or ▁Reg ▁Fre ake ▁Coun c ill or ▁Kevin ▁R itch ie ▁ ▁Town ▁Council ▁Members ▁Ward ▁ 2 ▁Coun c ill or ▁Dave ▁K ad well ▁Coun c ill or ▁L ian ne ▁V ard y ▁ ▁Town ▁Council ▁Members ▁Ward ▁ 3 ▁Coun c ill or ▁John ▁Dun st all ▁Coun c ill or ▁R andy ▁V aine ▁ ▁Town ▁Council ▁Members ▁Ward ▁ 4 ▁Coun c ill or ▁Dor othy ▁Both well ▁Coun c ill or ▁Dave ▁Shar pe ▁ ▁Source : ▁▁ ▁The ▁Regional ▁Municip ality ▁of ▁Ni ag ara ▁is ▁an ▁upper -
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t ier ▁municip ality ▁that ▁en compass es ▁all ▁municipal ities ▁in ▁Ni ag ara ▁Region . ▁On ▁Ni ag ara ▁Regional ▁Council , ▁Gr ims by ▁is ▁represented ▁by ▁the ▁Mayor ▁and ▁by ▁an ▁elected ▁Regional ▁Coun c ill or , ▁currently ▁Wayne ▁F ert ich . ▁ ▁Stand ing ▁Commit te es ▁ ▁Council ▁has ▁appointed ▁four ▁standing ▁Commit te es ▁as ▁follows : ▁Administration ▁and ▁Finance ▁Committee ▁( 4 ▁Coun c ill ors ▁and ▁Mayor ) ▁- ▁Main ▁functions ▁are ▁current ▁and ▁capital ▁budget ▁preparation ▁and ▁administration ; ▁personnel ▁policies ▁and ▁compensation ▁plans ; ▁financial ▁matters ; ▁general ▁administrative ▁matters ; ▁public ▁relations ; ▁fire ▁matters ; ▁c emetery ▁administration ; ▁school ▁crossing ▁guards ; ▁can ine ▁control . ▁ ▁The ▁administration , ▁tre asury ▁and ▁fire ▁departments ▁report ▁to ▁council ▁through ▁this ▁committee , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁library , ▁art ▁gallery ▁and ▁museum ▁for ▁budget ▁purposes . ▁ ▁Planning ▁and ▁Development ▁Committee ▁( 4 ▁Coun c ill ors , ▁ 3 ▁Cit izen ▁App oin te es ▁and ▁Mayor ) ▁- ▁Main ▁functions ▁are ▁land ▁use ▁planning , ▁economic ▁development ▁and ▁promotion ▁and ▁building ▁inspection . ▁The ▁planning ▁and ▁building ▁departments ▁report ▁to ▁council ▁through ▁this ▁committee . ▁ ▁Public ▁Works ▁Committee ▁( 4 ▁Coun c ill ors ▁and ▁Mayor ) ▁- ▁Main ▁functions ▁are ▁storm ▁drain age , ▁sidewalk s , ▁roads , ▁street ▁lighting , ▁water ▁distribution , ▁san itary ▁se w ers , ▁solid ▁waste ▁management , ▁c emetery ▁maintenance , ▁parking ▁and ▁traffic ▁control
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. ▁The ▁public ▁works ▁department ▁reports ▁to ▁council ▁through ▁this ▁committee . ▁ ▁Rec reation ▁Services ▁Committee ▁( 4 ▁Coun c ill ors , ▁ 3 ▁Cit izen ▁App oin te es ▁and ▁mayor ) ▁- ▁Main ▁functions ▁are ▁parks , ▁community ▁and ▁rec reation ▁services ▁and ▁programming . ▁The ▁rec reation , ▁facilities ▁& ▁culture ▁department ▁reports ▁to ▁council ▁through ▁this ▁committee , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁art ▁gallery , ▁library ▁and ▁museum . ▁ ▁Transport ation ▁Bis ect ing ▁the ▁town ▁is ▁the ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁Way , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁ 4 0 0 - series ▁high ways . ▁It ▁has ▁three ▁inter changes ▁in ▁the ▁town , ▁with ▁Cas abl anca ▁Bou lev ard ▁in ▁the ▁west , ▁a ▁central ▁inter change ▁for ▁three ▁roads ▁( Christ ie ▁Street , ▁Ontario ▁Street , ▁and ▁Map le ▁Avenue ), ▁and ▁Bart lett ▁Avenue ▁in ▁the ▁east . ▁ ▁The ▁Gr ims by ▁railway ▁station , ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁railway ▁tracks ▁west ▁of ▁Ontario ▁Street ▁and ▁south ▁of ▁Queen ▁Elizabeth ▁Way , ▁is ▁served ▁by ▁the ▁Map le ▁Le af ▁train ▁joint ly ▁operated ▁by ▁V ia ▁Rail ▁and ▁Am tr ak . ▁A ▁GO ▁Trans it ▁train ▁station ▁is ▁planned ▁for ▁operation ▁on ▁the ▁L akes h ore ▁West ▁line ▁and ▁is ▁expected ▁to ▁open ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 1 . ▁Of ▁three ▁sites ▁for ▁the ▁Gr ims by ▁GO ▁Station ▁evaluated ▁by ▁Met rol inx , ▁the ▁Crown ▁agency ▁that ▁operates ▁GO ▁Trans it , ▁the
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▁preferred ▁site ▁for ▁the ▁proposed ▁station ▁is ▁west ▁of ▁and ▁adjacent ▁to ▁Cas abl anca ▁Bou lev ard . ▁ ▁Schools ▁ ▁Second ary ▁schools ▁Gr ims by ▁Second ary ▁School ▁( oper ated ▁by ▁DS BN ) ▁B less ed ▁Tr inity ▁Catholic ▁Second ary ▁School ▁( oper ated ▁by ▁N CD SB ) ▁ ▁Primary ▁schools ▁Central ▁Public ▁School ▁Grand ▁Ave . ▁Public ▁School ▁Lake view ▁Public ▁School ▁N elles ▁Public ▁School ▁Our ▁Lady ▁of ▁Fat ima ▁Catholic ▁School ▁Park ▁Public ▁School ▁Smith ▁Public ▁School ▁St . ▁Joseph ▁Catholic ▁School ▁ ▁Ch urches ▁ ▁Cent ennial ▁Park ▁Bapt ist ▁Church ▁( 1 8 7 6 ) ▁ ▁Christ ▁Our ▁Sav iour ▁Luther an ▁Church ▁of ▁Christ ▁C oven ant ▁Canadian ▁Re formed ▁Church ▁The ▁Dan ish ▁Luther an ▁Church ▁( 1 9 5 8 - 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Forest view ▁Community ▁Church ▁Je h ov ah ' s ▁W itness ▁Kingdom ▁Hall ▁L ak em ount ▁W orship ▁Centre ▁Lincoln ▁P ione er ▁S event h - day ▁Advent ist ▁Church ▁Mountain view ▁Christian ▁Re formed ▁Church ▁New ▁A post olic ▁Church ▁New ▁Life ▁Community ▁Church ▁Park ▁R d . ▁United ▁Church ▁Spirit ual ▁Assembly ▁of ▁the ▁Bah á ' ís ▁of ▁Gr ims by ▁St . ▁Andrew ' s ▁Ang lic an ▁( 1 8 2 5 ), ▁the ▁third ▁church ▁on ▁this ▁site , ▁features ▁a ▁church yard ▁containing ▁gr aves ▁of ▁many ▁early ▁sett lers ▁( c . ▁ 1 7 8 5 -) ▁at
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▁The ▁Fort y , ▁as ▁Gr ims by ▁was ▁originally ▁called . ▁St . ▁George ' s ▁Ukrain ian ▁Orth odox ▁St . ▁John ' s ▁Pres by ter ian ▁St . ▁Joseph ' s ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁St . ▁Mary ' s ▁Ukrain ian ▁Catholic ▁St . ▁Philip ▁By - The - L ake ▁Ang lic an ▁Tr inity ▁United ▁Church ▁ ▁Dem ograph ics ▁ ▁From ▁Statistics ▁Canada ▁ ▁Relig ion ▁ 3 0 % ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁ 1 5 % ▁Ang lic an ▁ 1 4 % ▁United ▁Church ▁ 1 9 % ▁No ▁religion ▁ 2 7 % ▁Other ▁ ▁Not able ▁people ▁The ▁un off icial ▁demon ym ▁for ▁a ▁person ▁from ▁Gr ims by ▁is ▁" G rim sb on ian " ▁( poss ibly ▁in ▁im itation ▁of ▁" Tor ont on ian ", ▁for ▁a ▁person ▁from ▁Toronto , ▁the ▁largest ▁nearby ▁met ropolitan ▁centre ▁to ▁Gr ims by ). ▁There ▁are ▁many ▁notable ▁Gr im sb on ians . ▁ ▁Cl imate ▁Gr ims by ' s ▁climate ▁varies ▁throughout ▁the ▁year ; ▁ 1 2 ° C ▁– ▁ 1 5 ° C ▁in ▁the ▁spring , ▁ 2 1 ° C ▁– ▁ 3 3 ° C ▁in ▁the ▁summer , ▁and ▁ 1 0 ° C ▁– ▁ 1 7 ° C ▁in ▁the ▁fall . ▁Tem per atures ▁in ▁the ▁winter ▁months ▁are ▁around ▁▁ 4 ° C ▁to ▁− 1 6 °
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C , ▁with ▁about ▁ 1 9 0 cm ▁of ▁snow ▁per ▁year . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁town ships ▁in ▁Ontario ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Town ▁of ▁Gr ims by ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Lower - t ier ▁municipal ities ▁in ▁Ontario ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 0 ▁Category : 1 7 9 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Empire <0x0A> </s> ▁An is om eles ▁mal ab ar ica , ▁the ▁Mal ab ar ▁cat m int , ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁her b ace ous ▁plant ▁native ▁to ▁p ak is than , ▁Bangl adesh , ▁Sri ▁L anka , ▁And aman ▁& ▁Nic ob ar ▁Islands , ▁Thailand , ▁Malaysia , ▁Indonesia , ▁New ▁Gu inea , ▁B ism ar ck ▁Arch ip el ago , ▁Maur it ius , ▁Ré union , ▁northern ▁Australia . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : L ami aceae ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁tropical ▁Asia ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁Maur it ius ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁Ré union ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁Australia ▁Category : Pl ants ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁Kl on owski ▁is ▁a ▁surn ame . ▁Not able ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁surn ame ▁include : ▁ ▁E wa ▁Kl on owski ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 6 ), ▁Polish - born ▁fore ns ic ▁anth rop ologist ▁Henry ▁Kl on owski ▁( 1 8 9 8 - 1 9
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7 7 ), ▁American ▁Catholic ▁b ishop ▁W l od z im ierz ▁Kl on owski , ▁Polish ▁bi omed ical ▁phys ic ist ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Kl on ow sk ie ▁Range <0x0A> </s> ▁Max ▁Mess ner ▁was ▁a ▁professional ▁American ▁football ▁player ▁who ▁played ▁line back er ▁for ▁six ▁seasons ▁for ▁the ▁Pittsburgh ▁Steel ers , ▁Detroit ▁L ions , ▁and ▁New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁deaths ▁Category : American ▁football ▁line back ers ▁Category : New ▁York ▁Gi ants ▁players ▁Category : P itt sburgh ▁Steel ers ▁players ▁Category : Det roit ▁L ions ▁players ▁Category : C inc inn ati ▁Bear c ats ▁football ▁players ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Ash land , ▁Ohio <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Smith ton ▁High - Level ▁Bridge ▁is ▁a ▁structure ▁that ▁cross es ▁the ▁Y ough i og hen y ▁River ▁between ▁South ▁Hun ting don ▁Township ▁and ▁R ost ra ver ▁Township . ▁ ▁The ▁bridge ▁was ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁links ▁in ▁the ▁replacement ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁alignment ▁of ▁Pennsylvania ▁Route ▁ 7 1 ▁with ▁a ▁new ▁four - lane ▁free way ▁between ▁Washington ▁and ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁Turn pi ke . ▁During ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁bridge ' s ▁completion , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁highway ▁would ▁become ▁part ▁of ▁Inter state ▁ 7 0 ; ▁it ▁took ▁on ▁this ▁design ation ▁in ▁ 1
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9 6 4 ▁after ▁the ▁completion ▁of ▁free way ▁stret ches ▁in ▁neighbor ing ▁West ▁Virginia ▁linked ▁PA ▁ 7 1 ▁to ▁a ▁similar ▁free way ▁in ▁Ohio . ▁ ▁Part ▁of ▁a ▁busy ▁truck ▁route , ▁the ▁bridge ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁highway ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁pl ag ued ▁by ▁surface ▁problems . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 9 , ▁a ▁crack ▁in ▁the ▁super structure , ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁a ▁ 3 5 - year - old ▁construction ▁error , ▁forced ▁the ▁closure ▁of ▁the ▁bridge ▁for ▁five ▁days , ▁str and ing ▁truck ers . ▁The ▁bridge ▁was ▁re habil itated ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁cross ings ▁of ▁the ▁Y ough i og hen y ▁River ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁PA ▁High ways : ▁I - 7 0 ▁National ▁Br idges ▁ ▁Category : B rid ges ▁in ▁West more land ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : B rid ges ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁Category : R oad ▁br idges ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Inter state ▁ 7 0 ▁Category : B rid ges ▁on ▁the ▁Inter state ▁Highway ▁System ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : B rid ges ▁over ▁the ▁Y ough i og hen y ▁River <0x0A> </s> ▁Sh ane ▁Y uk io ▁Hig ashi ▁( born ▁October ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 4 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁born ▁kar ate ▁instructor ▁and ▁practition er . ▁He ▁is ▁the
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▁current ▁head ▁of ▁The ▁Canadian ▁Ch it ō - ry ū ▁Kar ate - d ō ▁Association , ▁and ▁the ▁Technical ▁Ad visor ▁for ▁Kar ate ▁Canada . ▁Sh ane ▁Hig ashi ▁was ▁indu cted ▁into ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Black ▁B elt ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁career ▁Hig ashi ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Che main us , ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁His ▁family ▁moved ▁to ▁Japan ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁and ▁then ▁later ▁returned ▁to ▁Canada ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁he ▁began ▁studying ▁Kar ate ▁at ▁ 2 1 ▁years ▁of ▁age ▁under ▁the ▁instruction ▁of ▁Mas ami ▁T sur u oka . ▁He ▁became ▁his ▁star ▁pup il , ▁earning ▁his ▁sh od an ▁in ▁only ▁one ▁year . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁he ▁became ▁the ▁Grand ▁Champion ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Canadian ▁Open ▁Kar ate ▁Tour nament . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 1 st , ▁ 1 9 6 3 , ▁he ▁opened ▁the ▁Hig ashi ▁School ▁of ▁Kar ate ▁on ▁Dan for th ▁Avenue ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁Hig ashi ▁received ▁his ▁ 2 nd ▁Dan ▁from ▁T su y oshi ▁Ch it ose , ▁and ▁then ▁moved ▁back ▁to ▁Japan ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁to ▁continue ▁his ▁training ▁under ▁Ch it ose . ▁He ▁studied ▁and ▁trained ▁intens ively ▁in ▁Japan ▁for ▁seven
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▁months , ▁att aining ▁his ▁ 4 th ▁Dan ▁and ▁a ▁special ▁instructor ▁certificate , ▁issued ▁to ▁only ▁a ▁select ▁few . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁he ▁received ▁his ▁ 5 th ▁Dan ▁from ▁Ch it ose , ▁and ▁then , ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁he ▁received ▁his ▁ 6 th ▁Dan . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁he ▁was ▁designated ▁as ▁the ▁leading ▁authority ▁in ▁Canada ▁for ▁K ob uj ut su ▁of ▁the ▁Ry uk y u ▁K ob uj ut su ▁H oz on ▁Sh in ▁Ko ▁K ai ▁by ▁its ▁founder ▁Mot ok ats u ▁In ou e . ▁Hig ashi ▁was ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁form ulation ▁of ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Ry uk y u ▁K ob uj ut su ▁Association ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁and ▁currently ▁sits ▁as ▁the ▁National ▁Chief ▁In structor ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁he ▁received ▁his ▁ 7 th ▁Dan , ▁and ▁was ▁awarded ▁Ky oshi - go . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁designated ▁as ▁the ▁leading ▁authority ▁in ▁Canada ▁for ▁Ch ito ▁Ry u ▁Kar ate ▁by ▁its ▁founder , ▁T su y oshi ▁Ch it ose . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁Hig ashi ▁received ▁his ▁ 8 th ▁Dan ▁from ▁Ch it ose ▁So ke ▁( the ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁founder ▁and ▁now ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁Ch ito ▁Ry u ). ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Hig ashi ▁was ▁awarded ▁his ▁ 9 th
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▁Dan ▁and ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁Hans hi , ▁by ▁Mas ami ▁T sur u oka . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁male ▁kar ate ka ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁sports people ▁of ▁Japanese ▁descent ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Ch it ō - ry ū ▁practition ers ▁Category : People ▁from ▁the ▁Cow ich an ▁Valley ▁Regional ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁William ▁Arthur ▁Parker ▁( 1 8 7 0 ▁– ▁ 1 3 ▁July ▁ 1 9 5 3 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Australian ▁barr ister ▁who ▁served ▁as ▁Master ▁in ▁Equ ity ▁and ▁Master ▁in ▁L un acy ▁in ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁Parker ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Orange , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales , ▁the ▁son ▁of ▁Jos iah ▁and ▁Hen riet ta ▁Mat ilda ▁Parker ▁and ▁attended ▁New ington ▁College ▁( 1 8 8 3 - 1 8 8 7 ). ▁In ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁and ▁again ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 7 , ▁he ▁won ▁the ▁W ig ram ▁Allen ▁Sch olar ship , ▁end owed ▁by ▁Sir ▁George ▁W ig ram ▁Allen , ▁for ▁mathemat ics , ▁with ▁Herbert ▁Cur le w is ▁receiving ▁it ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁for ▁class ics . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 8 8 7 ▁Parker ▁was ▁named ▁D
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ux ▁of ▁the ▁College ▁and ▁received ▁the ▁Sch of ield ▁Sch olar ship . ▁He ▁went ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Sydney ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁graduated ▁as ▁a ▁Bachelor ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁LL . B . ▁ ▁Mar riage ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 3 , ▁Parker ▁married ▁Ger tr ude ▁L ill ian ▁B av in . ▁She ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁New ▁Zealand , ▁a ▁daughter ▁of ▁the ▁Rev . ▁R ains ford ▁B av in , ▁a ▁Method ist ▁minister ▁from ▁Lincoln shire , ▁England , ▁and ▁his ▁New ▁Zealand - born ▁wife ▁Emma , ▁n ée ▁Budd le . ▁Her ▁siblings ▁were : ▁Ed na ▁ ▁( M rs ▁Charles ▁L ack ); ▁ ▁Jess ie ▁( M rs ▁Amb rose ▁F let cher ); ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁B av in ; ▁Major ▁Cyr il ▁B av in ▁O BE ; ▁Hor ace ▁B av in ; ▁ ▁Florence ▁B av in ▁( M rs ▁Ernest ▁Warren ); ▁L ancel ot ▁B av in ; ▁and ▁D ora ▁B av in ▁( M rs ▁Les lie ▁Allen ). ▁Parker ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁lived ▁at ▁Man ar ▁in ▁Pot ts ▁Point , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales . ▁ ▁Legal ▁career ▁Parker ▁pract ised ▁at ▁the ▁Sydney ▁Bar ▁in ▁the ▁equity ▁and ▁prob ate ▁juris dict ions ▁from ▁ 1 9 0 0 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁he ▁was ▁appointed ▁Master ▁in ▁Equ ity ▁and ▁Master ▁in ▁L un acy
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▁in ▁New ▁South ▁Wales . ▁Parker ▁retired ▁from ▁public ▁service ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 5 3 ▁deaths ▁Category : Austral ian ▁lawyers ▁Category : People ▁educated ▁at ▁New ington ▁College ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Sydney ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁Palm ▁Sunday ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Mass acre ▁of ▁Palm ▁Sunday ▁was ▁a ▁Scottish ▁clan ▁battle ▁that ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁ 1 4 2 9 ▁in ▁the ▁Scottish ▁High lands ▁between ▁the ▁Cl an ▁Cameron ▁and ▁the ▁conf eder ation ▁of ▁Cl an ▁Ch attan . ▁ ▁Historical ▁accounts ▁ ▁The ▁battle ▁is ▁mentioned ▁by ▁Walter ▁B ower ▁( c . 1 3 8 5 – 1 4 4 9 ) ▁in ▁his ▁work ▁Scot ich ron icon , ▁John ▁Major ▁( 1 4 6 7 – 1 5 5 0 ) ▁in ▁his ▁History ▁of ▁Gre ater ▁Britain ▁and ▁George ▁Buch an an ▁( 1 5 0 6 - 1 5 8 2 ) ▁in ▁his ▁History ▁of ▁Scotland , ▁R er um ▁Sc otic ar um ▁Historia . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁The ▁( M ack int osh ▁of ) ▁Kin r ara ▁MS ▁( man us cript , ▁c . 1 6 8 0 ) ▁states ▁that ▁just ▁before ▁the ▁battle ▁the ▁Cam er ons ▁had ▁taken ▁a ▁sp re agh ▁of ▁cattle ▁from ▁Str ath de arn . ▁ ▁Battle ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Major
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, ▁the ▁Cl an ▁Cameron ▁and ▁Cl an ▁Ch attan ▁both ▁having ▁desert ed ▁Alexander ▁of ▁Is lay , ▁Earl ▁of ▁Ross ▁attached ▁themselves ▁like ▁honest ▁men ▁to ▁the ▁king , ▁but ▁on ▁the ▁Palm ▁Sunday ▁following ▁the ▁Cl an ▁Ch attan ▁put ▁to ▁death ▁every ▁mother ' s ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁Cl an ▁Cameron . ▁Buch an an ▁stated ▁that ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁Mack int os hes ▁and ▁almost ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁Cam er ons ▁were ▁sl ain . ▁The ▁Cl an ▁Cameron ▁account ▁states ▁that ▁the ▁Cl an ▁Mack int osh ▁who ▁were ▁leaders ▁of ▁the ▁Ch attan ▁Confeder ation ▁attacked ▁the ▁Cam er ons ▁when ▁they ▁were ▁worship ing ▁in ▁a ▁church ▁and ▁that ▁during ▁the ▁engagement ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁Mack int os hes ▁and ▁almost ▁the ▁whole ▁tribe ▁of ▁Cam er ons ▁were ▁cut ▁to ▁pieces . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Bun ▁Gar bh ain ▁Palm ▁Sunday ▁Palm ▁Sunday ▁Palm ▁Sunday <0x0A> </s> ▁Cl iff ▁Anthony ▁Polit te ▁/ p ɒ ˈ li ː t / ▁( born ▁February ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 7 4 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁former ▁professional ▁baseball ▁( right - handed ) ▁relief ▁pitch er , ▁who ▁played ▁in ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁( ML B ) ▁for ▁four ▁big ▁league ▁teams . ▁He ▁was ▁selected ▁in ▁the ▁ 5 4 th ▁round ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁D raft ▁by ▁the ▁St . ▁Louis ▁Card inals ▁as ▁the ▁ 1 4 3
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8 th ▁player ▁selected . ▁Polit te ▁came ▁up ▁to ▁the ▁parent ▁club ▁in ▁. ▁He ▁threw ▁the ▁first ▁pitch ▁at ▁the ▁new ▁Roger ▁Dean ▁Stadium ▁in ▁spring ▁training , ▁that ▁year . ▁From ▁there , ▁Polit te ▁went ▁to ▁the ▁Philadelphia ▁Phill ies ▁and ▁then ▁the ▁Toronto ▁Blue ▁J ays , ▁before ▁signing ▁with ▁the ▁Chicago ▁White ▁S ox ▁in ▁. ▁He ▁won ▁a ▁World ▁Series ▁ring ▁with ▁the ▁White ▁S ox ▁in ▁. ▁ ▁Polit te ▁was ▁designated ▁for ▁assignment ▁by ▁the ▁White ▁S ox ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 5 , ▁, ▁after ▁giving ▁up ▁a ▁home ▁run ▁to ▁B ub ba ▁C ros by ▁and ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 0 . ▁ ▁On ▁February ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Indians ▁signed ▁Polit te ▁to ▁a ▁minor ▁league ▁deal . ▁He ▁pit ched ▁only ▁eight ▁inn ings ▁for ▁their ▁Double - A ▁team ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁St . ▁Louis ▁Card inals ▁signed ▁Polit te ▁to ▁a ▁minor ▁league ▁deal , ▁with ▁an ▁invitation ▁to ▁spring ▁training . ▁He ▁became ▁a ▁free ▁agent ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁Polit te ▁res ides ▁in ▁St . ▁Louis , ▁Missouri . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : A k ron ▁A eros ▁players ▁Category : American ▁exp atri
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ate ▁baseball ▁players ▁in ▁Canada ▁Category : Ar k ansas ▁Travel ers ▁players ▁Category : Base ball ▁players ▁from ▁Missouri ▁Category : Ch arl otte ▁Kn ights ▁players ▁Category : Ch icago ▁White ▁S ox ▁players ▁Category : Clear water ▁Phill ies ▁players ▁Category : J eff erson ▁Vik ings ▁baseball ▁players ▁Category : M ajor ▁League ▁Base ball ▁pitch ers ▁Category : Mem ph is ▁Red bird s ▁players ▁Category : Pe oria ▁Ch iefs ▁players ▁Category : Phil adelphia ▁Phill ies ▁players ▁Category : Read ing ▁Phill ies ▁players ▁Category : Sc rant on / W il kes - Bar re ▁Red ▁Bar ons ▁players ▁Category : St . ▁Louis ▁Card inals ▁players ▁Category : S yr ac use ▁Sky Ch iefs ▁players ▁Category : Tor onto ▁Blue ▁J ays ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁P aj aru ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁village ▁development ▁committee ▁in ▁J aj ark ot ▁District ▁in ▁the ▁K arn ali ▁province ▁of ▁Nep al . ▁At ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Nep al ▁census ▁it ▁had ▁a ▁population ▁of ▁ 5 4 8 3 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁UN ▁map ▁of ▁the ▁municipal ities ▁of ▁J aj ark ot ▁District ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁J aj ark ot ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁H ajo ▁W ands ch ne ider ▁( De cember ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 2 5 ▁in ▁Hamburg ▁- ▁March ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁in ▁Hamburg ) ▁was
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▁a ▁German ▁defense ▁lawyer . ▁ ▁Biography ▁W ands ch ne ider ▁was ▁son ▁of ▁the ▁defense ▁attorney ▁Er ich ▁W ands ch ne ider , ▁def ended ▁u . ▁a . ▁Con rad ▁A hl ers ▁in ▁the ▁Sp ie gel ▁affair ▁and ▁the ▁R AF ▁( Red ▁Army ▁F action ) ▁terrorist , ▁Sus anne ▁Al bre cht . ▁He ▁also ▁def ended ▁the ▁cho irm aster ▁and ▁composer ▁Er ich ▁B ender ▁ ▁the ▁orth oped ist ▁Ru pp recht ▁Bern beck ▁in ▁court . ▁ ▁Career ▁W ands ch ne ider ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁section ▁of ▁Am n esty ▁International ▁and ▁a ▁founding ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Hamburg ▁section . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Am n esty ▁International ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 2 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁deaths <0x0A> </s> ▁Gary ▁Mu ir ▁( born ▁ 1 5 ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 5 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Scottish ▁professional ▁football er , ▁who ▁is ▁currently ▁a ▁free ▁agent . ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁After ▁playing ▁in ▁Scotland ▁during ▁his ▁teen age ▁years , ▁Mu ir ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁to ▁develop ▁his ▁playing ▁career ▁and ▁was ▁uniqu ely ▁awarded ▁a ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁scholarship ▁fund . ▁A ▁successful ▁four ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁USA ▁began ▁as ▁Captain ▁of ▁the ▁Louis burg ▁College ▁Hur ric anes ▁for ▁two ▁seasons ▁in ▁North ▁Carolina , ▁leading ▁to ▁Captain cy ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Hart ford ▁in ▁Connecticut . ▁ ▁In ▁
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2 0 0 5 , ▁he ▁was ▁awarded ▁All - American ▁status ▁in ▁the ▁N J C AA , ▁named ▁in ▁the ▁Division ▁I ▁All - Region ▁team , ▁and ▁also ▁selected ▁for ▁the ▁Mid - At l antic ▁district ▁team . ▁Mu ir ▁took ▁the ▁Hur ric anes ▁to ▁the ▁semi - fin als ▁in ▁the ▁N J C AA ▁Championships ▁and ▁received ▁the ▁Regional ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Year ▁Award , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁being ▁named ▁the ▁Most ▁Val uable ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁Mu ir ▁signed ▁for ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Hart ford ▁by ▁Ex - Port ug al , ▁Ben fica ▁and ▁Port o ▁coach ▁Dan ▁Gas par ▁at ▁the ▁US ▁National ▁College ▁Championships . ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁saw ▁Mu ir ▁playing ▁in ▁all ▁ 1 7 ▁games , ▁scoring ▁three ▁goals ▁and ▁assist ing ▁on ▁six ▁occasions . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁named ▁Most ▁Val uable ▁Player ▁at ▁the ▁Hart wick ▁College ▁Inv itational . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁Mu ir ▁originally ▁was ▁invited ▁back ▁to ▁Scotland ▁to ▁sign ▁for ▁Living ston ▁in ▁the ▁Scottish ▁championship ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁however , ▁the ▁sale ▁of ▁the ▁club ▁prevented ▁the ▁deal ▁moving ▁forward ▁and ▁Mu ir ▁featured ▁for ▁St irling ▁Alb ion ▁in ▁the ▁Scottish ▁First ▁Division ▁( ch ampionship ) ▁for ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 – 0 8 ▁season . ▁ ▁Sign ing ▁for ▁Irish ▁Prem iers hip ▁side ▁Lis burn ▁Dist illery
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▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁proved ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁important ▁move ▁in ▁Mu ir ' s ▁career ▁after ▁being ▁offered ▁deals ▁from ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁clubs ▁in ▁the ▁Scottish ▁first ▁and ▁second ▁divisions . ▁starting ▁every ▁game , ▁scoring ▁ 1 3 ▁goals , ▁assist ing ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁occasions ▁and ▁was ▁awarded ▁ 1 1 ▁Man ▁of ▁the ▁Match ▁awards . ▁He ▁also ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁senior ▁football ▁hat - tr ick ▁at ▁the ▁club . ▁Dist illery ▁finished ▁fourth ▁in ▁the ▁I PL , ▁qual ifying ▁for ▁the ▁pre liminary ▁qual ification ▁rounds ▁of ▁the ▁UEFA ▁Europa ▁League . ▁A ▁foot ▁fract ure ▁s idel ined ▁him ▁for ▁four ▁months . ▁After ▁recover ing ▁Mu ir ▁returned ▁to ▁Scotland ▁with ▁C ly de ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁however , ▁this ▁was ▁only ▁to ▁be ▁short ▁term ▁before ▁heading ▁back ▁across ▁the ▁water ▁to ▁play ▁at ▁B ally men a ▁United ▁for ▁the ▁remainder ▁or ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 – 1 0 ▁season ▁where ▁they ▁reached ▁the ▁Irish ▁cup ▁final . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Mu ir ▁signed ▁for ▁A ird rie ▁United ▁in ▁the ▁Scottish ▁First ▁Division ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁was ▁approached ▁and ▁offered ▁a ▁deal ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁Central ▁America ▁ ▁at ▁Ant igua ▁G FC . ▁During ▁another ▁season ▁of ▁multiple ▁goals ▁and ▁ass ists ▁Mu ir ▁scored ▁a ▁memorable ▁second ▁career ▁hat - tr ick . ▁ ▁Mu ir ▁signed ▁for ▁V itt
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or ios a ▁Stars ▁in ▁Mal ta . ▁ ▁Making ▁a ▁huge ▁impact ▁bringing ▁the ▁club ▁from ▁ 1 1 th ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁league ▁table ▁up ▁to ▁ 5 th ▁– ▁ 1 1 ▁und efe ated ▁games , ▁scoring ▁five ▁goals ▁and ▁providing ▁seven ▁ass ists . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 – 1 3 ▁season , ▁Mu ir ▁played ▁an ▁influential ▁role ▁at ▁Again ▁winning ▁promotion ▁to ▁the ▁Premier ▁Division , ▁scoring ▁nine ▁goals ▁and ▁assist ing ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁occasions . ▁▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁saw ▁Mu ir ▁move ▁to ▁the ▁most ▁successful ▁club ▁in ▁Mal tes e ▁history , ▁Flor iana , ▁after ▁agree ing ▁a ▁deal . ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁campaign ▁he ▁only ▁missed ▁one ▁game ▁during ▁the ▁entire ▁season , ▁he ▁achieved ▁ 1 0 ▁goals ▁and ▁ 1 0 ▁ass ists ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁significant ▁perform er ▁during ▁the ▁club ' s ▁A ME ▁Cup ▁triumph . ▁Mu ir ▁was ▁resigned ▁under ▁new ▁head ▁coach ▁Giovanni ▁Ted es co ▁. ▁Having ▁spent ▁two ▁successful ▁seasons ▁as ▁club ▁captain ▁scoring ▁ 1 2 ▁times ▁and ▁assist ing ▁in ▁ 1 8 ▁goals , ▁Mu ir ▁transferred ▁to ▁old ▁firm ▁riv als ▁S li ema ▁W ander ers . ▁ ▁Mu ir ' s ▁move ▁in ▁season ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁turned ▁out ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁major ▁success ▁turning ▁out ▁for ▁the ▁stri pes ▁ 3 5 ▁times
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, ▁the ▁most ▁appearances ▁of ▁any ▁of ▁the ▁playing ▁squad . ▁ ▁He ▁scored ▁one ▁goal ▁and ▁assist ed ▁in ▁ 1 1 ▁from ▁the ▁full back ' s ▁positions . ▁ ▁He ▁won ▁the ▁prest igious ▁FA ▁tro phy , ▁the ▁club ' s ▁ 2 1 st ▁time , ▁qual ifying ▁for ▁the ▁UEFA ▁Europa ▁league ▁qual ifying ▁rounds . ▁ ▁Mu ir ' s ▁achievements ▁ended ▁high ▁as ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁nom ine e ▁by ▁the ▁M F PA ▁season ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁for ▁the ▁league ' s ▁best ▁left ▁full ▁back ▁award . ▁Mu irs ▁performances ▁and ▁success ▁on ▁the ▁pitch ▁led ▁to ▁a ▁transfer ▁to ▁B irk irk ara ▁where ▁he ▁signed ▁for ▁the ▁club ▁until ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁season ▁ 2 0 1 8 / 1 9 . ▁Success ▁through ▁the ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁premier ▁league ▁seen ▁him ▁help ▁clubs ▁qualify ▁for ▁the ▁ ▁UEFA ▁Europe ▁league ▁on ▁numerous ▁occasions . ▁Win ning ▁the ▁Mal ta ▁summer ▁cup ▁on ▁two ▁occasions ▁and ▁the ▁prest igious ▁Mal ta ▁FA ▁tro phy . ▁Mu ir ▁was ▁also ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁squad ▁which ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁super ▁cup ▁final . ▁ ▁On ▁ 2 6 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁that ▁Mu ir ▁had ▁signed ▁for ▁Glen av on . ▁He ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁club ' s ▁most ▁successful ▁win ▁against ▁coach ▁O le ▁G unn ar ▁Sol sk j ær ▁and ▁his ▁Mol de ▁F K ▁side ▁in ▁their
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▁UEFA ▁Europa ▁league ▁home ▁tie . ▁After ▁a ▁small ▁number ▁of ▁appearances ▁Mu ir ▁left ▁the ▁club ▁by ▁mutual ▁consent ▁in ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁St irling ▁Category : Lou is burg ▁Hur ric anes ▁men ' s ▁soccer ▁players ▁Category : H art ford ▁Haw ks ▁men ' s ▁soccer ▁players ▁Category : St irling ▁Alb ion ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : L is burn ▁Dist illery ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : C ly de ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : B ally men a ▁United ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : A ird rie on ians ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Ant igua ▁G FC ▁players ▁Category : V itt or ios a ▁Stars ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Fl or iana ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : S li ema ▁W ander ers ▁F . C . ▁players ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁Football ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁football ers ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Mal ta ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Gu atem ala ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁soccer ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : Associ
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ation ▁football ▁defend ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Rem ington ▁SR - 8 ▁was ▁a ▁prototype ▁sn iper ▁rifle ▁developed ▁by ▁Rem ington ▁Ar ms . ▁It ▁was ▁originally ▁developed ▁for ▁the ▁Italian ▁Army , ▁and ▁was ▁designed ▁to ▁shoot ▁the ▁. 3 3 8 ▁Lap ua ▁car tr idge . ▁The ▁design ▁of ▁the ▁rifle ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Rem ington ▁Model ▁ 7 0 0 , ▁with ▁the ▁trigger ▁assembly ▁and ▁design ▁taken ▁largely ▁from ▁the ▁M 2 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁e ject or ▁design ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁modified ▁from ▁that ▁of ▁the ▁standard ▁Model ▁ 7 0 0 ▁to ▁allow ▁for ▁the ▁larger ▁rim ▁of ▁the ▁. 3 3 8 ▁Lap ua ▁car tr idge . ▁ ▁The ▁status ▁of ▁the ▁project ▁is ▁unknown , ▁though ▁it ▁has ▁likely ▁been ▁shel ved . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁used ▁in ▁a ▁popular ▁free ▁online ▁game ▁called ▁Urban ▁T error , ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁Wolf en stein : ▁En emy ▁Terr itory ▁mod ▁True Com bat : El ite . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁http :// www . s ni percent ral . com / sr 8 . ht m ▁ ▁Category : S ni per ▁rif les ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Rem ington ▁Ar ms ▁fire arms ▁Category : B olt - action ▁rif les ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁Dor ith ia ▁per one ana ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁m oth ▁of ▁the ▁family ▁T ort ric idae ▁first ▁described ▁by ▁William ▁Barn es ▁and ▁August ▁Bus ck
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▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁state ▁of ▁Arizona . ▁ ▁The ▁wings pan ▁is ▁ 1 7 mm . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : M oth s ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁Category : E uli ini <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁British ▁Four teenth ▁Army ▁was ▁a ▁multi - n ational ▁force ▁compr ising ▁units ▁from ▁Commonwealth ▁countries ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁Many ▁of ▁its ▁units ▁were ▁from ▁the ▁Indian ▁Army ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁British ▁units ▁and ▁there ▁were ▁also ▁significant ▁contributions ▁from ▁West ▁and ▁East ▁African ▁divisions ▁within ▁the ▁British ▁Army . ▁It ▁was ▁often ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁" F org ot ten ▁Army " ▁because ▁its ▁operations ▁in ▁the ▁Bur ma ▁Campaign ▁were ▁overlook ed ▁by ▁the ▁contemporary ▁press , ▁and ▁remained ▁more ▁obsc ure ▁than ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁corresponding ▁form ations ▁in ▁Europe ▁for ▁long ▁after ▁the ▁war . ▁For ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁Army ' s ▁existence , ▁it ▁was ▁commanded ▁by ▁Lieutenant - General ▁William ▁S lim . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁C reation ▁The ▁army ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁in ▁eastern ▁India . ▁With ▁the ▁creation ▁of ▁South ▁East ▁Asia ▁Command ▁in ▁late ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁the ▁Eastern ▁Army ▁which ▁formerly ▁controlled ▁operations ▁against ▁the ▁Japanese ▁Army ▁in ▁Bur ma ▁and ▁also ▁had ▁large ▁rear - area ▁respons ibilities , ▁was ▁split ▁into ▁two . ▁Eastern ▁Command ▁( report ing ▁to ▁G H Q ▁India ) ▁took ▁over ▁the
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▁rear ▁areas ▁of ▁B ih ar , ▁Od isha ▁and ▁most ▁of ▁Beng al . ▁Four teenth ▁Army , ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁ 1 1 th ▁Army ▁Group , ▁became ▁responsible ▁for ▁operations ▁against ▁the ▁Japanese . ▁ ▁The ▁Army ' s ▁commander ▁was ▁Lieutenant ▁General ▁William ▁S lim . ▁Its ▁principal ▁sub ord inate ▁form ations ▁were ▁IV ▁Corps ▁in ▁Ass am ▁and ▁XV ▁Corps ▁in ▁Ar ak an . ▁During ▁the ▁early ▁part ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁the ▁Army ▁also ▁had ▁loose ▁operational ▁control ▁over ▁the ▁American ▁and ▁Chinese ▁Northern ▁Com bat ▁Area ▁Command , ▁and ▁the ▁Ch ind its ▁operating ▁behind ▁enemy ▁lines ▁under ▁Major ▁General ▁Or de ▁Wing ate . ▁ ▁Def ending ▁India ▁In ▁early ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁the ▁All ies ▁began ▁tent ative ▁advances ▁into ▁Bur ma . ▁The ▁Japanese ▁responded ▁with ▁all - out ▁off ens ives , ▁int ending ▁to ▁destroy ▁the ▁All ies ▁in ▁their ▁base ▁areas . ▁ ▁The ▁first ▁Japanese ▁move ▁was ▁a ▁subs idi ary ▁attack ▁in ▁Ar ak an ▁where ▁XV ▁Corps ▁was ▁adv ancing ▁slowly ▁south . ▁After ▁initial ▁All ied ▁set backs , ▁in ▁which ▁an ▁Indian ▁divis ional ▁H Q ▁was ▁over run , ▁the ▁surrounded ▁units ▁defeated ▁the ▁Japanese ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁the ▁Admin ▁Box . ▁A ▁vital ▁factor ▁was ▁the ▁res upp ly ▁of ▁cut - off ▁units ▁by ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁Japanese ▁offensive ▁was ▁launched ▁on ▁the ▁central ▁front ▁in ▁Ass am . ▁While
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▁a ▁division ▁advanced ▁to ▁K oh ima ▁to ▁isol ate ▁IV ▁Corps , ▁the ▁main ▁body ▁attempted ▁to ▁surround ▁and ▁destroy ▁IV ▁Corps ▁at ▁Im ph al . ▁Since ▁the ▁Japanese ▁attack ▁in ▁Ar ak an ▁had ▁already ▁failed , ▁battle ▁hard ened ▁units ▁were ▁fl own ▁from ▁Ar ak an ▁to ▁aid ▁the ▁bes ie ged ▁forces ▁in ▁Ass am . ▁Also , ▁XXX III ▁Corps ▁was ▁moved ▁from ▁southern ▁India , ▁where ▁they ▁had ▁been ▁training ▁for ▁am ph ib ious ▁operations , ▁to ▁relie ve ▁the ▁g arr ison ▁at ▁K oh ima ▁and ▁then ▁push ▁on ▁to ▁relie ve ▁Im ph al . ▁ ▁The ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁battles ▁was ▁a ▁crushing ▁Japanese ▁defeat . ▁The ▁Japanese ▁suffered ▁ 8 5 , 0 0 0 ▁casual ties , ▁mainly ▁from ▁sick ness ▁and ▁disease ▁after ▁their ▁supplies ▁ran ▁out . ▁The ▁All ies ▁had ▁been ▁continually ▁supplied ▁from ▁the ▁air , ▁in ▁the ▁largest ▁operation ▁of ▁its ▁type ▁to ▁that ▁date . ▁ ▁Ret aking ▁Bur ma ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁am ph ib ious ▁operations ▁to ▁rec apture ▁Bur ma ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁cancelled ▁once ▁again ▁because ▁of ▁short age ▁of ▁resources . ▁Instead , ▁Four teenth ▁Army ▁was ▁to ▁mount ▁the ▁main ▁offensive . ▁The ▁Army ▁was ▁now ▁sub ord inated ▁to ▁the ▁headquarters ▁of ▁All ied ▁Land ▁Forces , ▁South ▁East ▁Asia ▁( AL F SE A ), ▁and ▁consisted ▁of ▁IV ▁Corps ▁and ▁XXX III ▁Corps . ▁Since ▁the ▁Army ' s
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▁supply ▁lines ▁by ▁land ▁were ▁long ▁and ▁prec ar ious , ▁air ▁supply ▁was ▁once ▁again ▁to ▁be ▁vital . ▁ ▁The ▁Japanese ▁attempted ▁to ▁forest all ▁the ▁All ied ▁attacks ▁by ▁withdraw ing ▁behind ▁the ▁Ir raw addy ▁River . ▁Four teenth ▁Army ▁was ▁nevertheless ▁able ▁to ▁change ▁its ▁axis ▁of ▁advance . ▁IV ▁Corps , ▁spe ar headed ▁by ▁arm oured ▁and ▁motor ised ▁units , ▁crossed ▁the ▁river ▁down stream ▁of ▁the ▁main ▁Japanese ▁forces ▁and ▁seized ▁the ▁vital ▁log istic ▁and ▁communications ▁centre ▁of ▁Me ik til a . ▁As ▁the ▁Japanese ▁attempted ▁to ▁rec apture ▁Me ik til a , ▁XXX III ▁Corps ▁captured ▁Mand al ay , ▁the ▁former ▁capital ▁which ▁was ▁of ▁major ▁significance ▁to ▁the ▁majority ▁Bur man ▁population . ▁The ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁Batt les ▁of ▁Me ik til a ▁and ▁Mand al ay , ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Central ▁Bur ma , ▁was ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁Japanese ▁units ▁in ▁Bur ma , ▁which ▁allowed ▁the ▁subsequent ▁pursuit . ▁ ▁Four teenth ▁Army ▁now ▁advanced ▁south . ▁While ▁XXX III ▁Corps ▁advanced ▁down ▁the ▁Ir raw addy ▁River , ▁IV ▁Corps ▁made ▁the ▁main ▁effort ▁along ▁the ▁S itt ang ▁River , ▁covering ▁ ▁in ▁a ▁month . ▁It ▁was ▁vital ▁to ▁capture ▁Rang oon , ▁the ▁capital ▁and ▁principal ▁port ▁of ▁Bur ma , ▁to ▁allow ▁the ▁Army ▁to ▁be ▁supplied ▁during ▁the ▁mon so on . ▁In ▁the ▁event , ▁IV ▁Corps ▁was ▁held ▁up ▁ ▁north ▁of
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▁Rang oon ▁by ▁sac r ificial ▁Japanese ▁re arg u ards , ▁but ▁its ▁advance ▁caused ▁the ▁Japanese ▁to ▁abandon ▁Rang oon , ▁which ▁was ▁occupied ▁after ▁an ▁un op posed ▁am ph ib ious ▁landing ▁( cod en amed ▁Operation ▁Dr ac ula ) ▁on ▁ 2 ▁May . ▁ ▁The ▁Four teenth ▁Army ▁was ▁supported ▁by ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁A ux iliary ▁Service ▁( B ur ma ) ▁who ▁provided ▁a ▁can teen ▁service ▁for ▁the ▁troops ▁of ▁Bur ma ▁Command ▁and ▁moved ▁down ▁through ▁the ▁country ▁with ▁the ▁Army . ▁ ▁End ▁of ▁the ▁War ▁Short ly ▁after ▁the ▁fall ▁of ▁Rang oon , ▁the ▁Army ▁headquarters ▁was ▁relieved ▁of ▁responsibility ▁for ▁operations ▁in ▁Bur ma . ▁A ▁new ▁Tw elf th ▁Army ▁headquarters ▁was ▁formed ▁from ▁XXX III ▁Corps ▁H Q ▁and ▁took ▁over ▁IV ▁Corps . ▁Four teenth ▁Army ▁H Q ▁now ▁moved ▁to ▁C ey lon ▁to ▁plan ▁operations ▁to ▁rec apture ▁Mal aya ▁and ▁Singapore . ▁It ▁controlled ▁XV ▁Corps ▁and ▁the ▁newly ▁raised ▁Indian ▁XXX IV ▁Corps . ▁ ▁General ▁S lim ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁command ▁All ied ▁Land ▁Forces ▁South ▁East ▁Asia . ▁Lieutenant ▁General ▁Miles ▁D emp sey ▁was ▁appointed ▁to ▁command ▁Four teenth ▁Army . ▁ ▁A ▁se abor ne ▁landing ▁on ▁the ▁west ▁coast ▁of ▁Mal aya , ▁cod en amed ▁Operation ▁Z ipper , ▁was ▁being ▁prepared ▁but ▁was ▁forest alled ▁by ▁the ▁dropping ▁of ▁the ▁atomic ▁bombs ▁on ▁H iro sh ima ▁and ▁Nag as aki ▁and ▁the
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▁Japanese ▁surrender . ▁Z ipper ▁was ▁nevertheless ▁mounted ▁un op posed ▁as ▁the ▁quick est ▁method ▁of ▁introducing ▁troops ▁to ▁Mal aya ▁to ▁enforce ▁the ▁surrender ▁of ▁the ▁Japanese ▁there ▁and ▁rep atri ate ▁All ied ▁prisoners ▁of ▁war . ▁ ▁Four teenth ▁Army ▁was ▁renamed ▁Mal aya ▁Command ▁on ▁ 1 ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁ ▁Commonwealth ▁Army ▁The ▁Four teenth ▁Army , ▁like ▁the ▁E ighth ▁Army , ▁was ▁made ▁up ▁from ▁units ▁that ▁came ▁from ▁all ▁corners ▁of ▁the ▁Commonwealth . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁the ▁Four teenth ▁Army ▁was ▁the ▁largest ▁army ▁in ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁and ▁the ▁largest ▁army ▁in ▁the ▁world , ▁with ▁about ▁ ▁a ▁million ▁men ▁under ▁command . ▁Three ▁African ▁divisions , ▁the ▁ 8 1 st , ▁ 8 2 nd ▁West ▁African ▁Division ▁and ▁ 1 1 th ▁( E ast ▁Africa ) ▁Division ▁were ▁attached ▁to ▁the ▁army . ▁There ▁were ▁many ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁from ▁the ▁British ▁Army ▁but ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁army ▁was ▁built ▁around ▁the ▁British ▁Indian ▁Army , ▁which ▁was ▁stated ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁largest ▁all - vol unte er ▁army ▁in ▁history ▁with ▁ 2 , 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁men . ▁ ▁Order ▁of ▁battle ▁The ▁Four teenth ▁Army ▁was ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War ' s ▁largest ▁Commonwealth ▁Army , ▁with ▁nearly ▁a ▁million ▁men ▁by ▁late ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁ ▁At ▁different ▁periods ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War ▁it ▁was ▁composed ▁of
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▁four ▁corps : ▁IV ▁Corps ▁XV ▁Corps ▁XXX III ▁Corps ▁XXX IV ▁Corps ▁ ▁A ▁total ▁of ▁thirteen ▁divisions ▁served ▁with ▁the ▁Army : ▁British ▁ 2 nd ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁Indian ▁ 5 th ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁Indian ▁ 7 th ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁ 1 1 th ▁( E ast ▁African ) ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁Indian ▁ 1 7 th ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁Indian ▁ 1 9 th ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁Indian ▁ 2 0 th ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁Indian ▁ 2 3 rd ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁Indian ▁ 2 5 th ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁Indian ▁ 2 6 th ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁British ▁ 3 6 th ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁ 8 1 st ▁( West ▁Africa ) ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁ 8 2 nd ▁( West ▁Africa ) ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁ ▁Some ▁smaller ▁fighting ▁form ations ▁also ▁served : ▁ 5 0 th ▁Par ach ute ▁Brigade ▁( Ind ia ) ▁ 2 6 8 ▁Indian ▁Motor ▁Brigade ▁L ush ai ▁Brigade ▁ 2 8 ▁Infan try ▁Brigade ▁( E ast ▁Africa ) ▁ ▁Also ▁serving ▁with ▁the ▁ 1 4 th ▁Army ▁were ▁a ▁range ▁of ▁army , ▁corps ▁and ▁divis ional ▁units ▁not ▁organic ▁to ▁the ▁combat ▁divisions . ▁ ▁Notes ▁and ▁memorial s ▁When ▁you ▁go ▁home ▁don ' t ▁worry ▁about ▁what ▁to ▁tell ▁your ▁loved ▁ones ▁and ▁friends ▁about ▁service ▁in ▁Asia . ▁No ▁one ▁will ▁know ▁where ▁you ▁were , ▁or ▁where ▁it ▁is ▁if ▁you ▁do . ▁You ▁are , ▁and
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▁will ▁remain ▁" The ▁For got ten ▁Army ." ▁ ― ▁attributed ▁to ▁General ▁S lim . ▁ ▁The ▁War ▁C emetery ▁in ▁K oh ima ▁has ▁the ▁famous ▁in scription ▁" When ▁You ▁Go ▁Home , ▁Tell ▁The m ▁Of ▁Us ▁And ▁Say , ▁For ▁Your ▁Tom orrow , ▁We ▁G ave ▁Our ▁Today "— The ▁K oh ima ▁Ep it aph ▁is ▁attributed ▁to ▁John ▁Max well ▁Ed mond s ▁( 1 8 7 5 – 1 9 5 8 ), ▁and ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁ep it aph ▁of ▁Simon ides ▁written ▁by ▁Simon ides ▁to ▁honour ▁the ▁Sp art ans ▁who ▁fell ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Th erm opy la e ▁in ▁ 4 8 0 ▁BC . ▁ ▁Foot notes ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Brian ▁Ald iss , ▁For got ten ▁Life ▁( 1 9 8 8 ) ▁ ▁Louis ▁Allen , ▁Bur ma : ▁The ▁Long est ▁War , ▁ 1 9 4 1 – 4 5 , ▁London : ▁We iden feld ▁and ▁Nicol son , ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Christopher ▁Bay ly ▁and ▁Tim ▁Harper , ▁For got ten ▁Arm ies : ▁Britain ' s ▁Asian ▁Empire ▁and ▁the ▁War ▁with ▁Japan , ▁UK : ▁P engu in , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁Bernard ▁F erg us son , ▁Beyond ▁the ▁Ch ind win , ▁ 1 9 6 2 . ▁ ▁George ▁Mac Donald ▁Fr aser . ▁Quarter ed ▁Safe ▁Out ▁Here : ▁Rec ol
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lections ▁of ▁the ▁War ▁in ▁Bur ma . ▁London : ▁Harper ▁Collins ▁( 1 9 9 5 ). ▁( Fr aser , ▁author ▁of ▁the ▁series ▁of ▁The ▁Flash man ▁Papers ▁historical ▁novels , ▁writes ▁vivid ly ▁of ▁his ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁Bur ma ▁campaigns ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 4 – 4 5 , ▁and ▁of ▁the ▁soldiers ▁he ▁served ▁with .) ▁ ▁Michael ▁H ic key , ▁The ▁Un for get table ▁Army : ▁S lim ' s ▁XIV th ▁Army ▁in ▁Bur ma , ▁Str oud : ▁Sp ell mount , ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁Jon ▁Lat imer , ▁Bur ma : ▁The ▁For got ten ▁War , ▁London : ▁John ▁Murray , ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁Robert ▁L yman , ▁S lim , ▁Master ▁of ▁War , ▁London : ▁Const able ▁and ▁Robinson , ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁William ▁S lim , ▁Def e at ▁into ▁Vict ory , ▁London : ▁Cass ell , ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁ ▁Julian ▁Thompson , ▁The ▁Imperial ▁War ▁Museum ▁Book ▁of ▁the ▁War ▁in ▁Bur ma ▁ 1 9 4 2 – 1 9 4 5 , ▁London : ▁Pan ▁Mac mill an , ▁ 2 0 0 3 . ▁James ▁Howard ▁Williams ▁( E le phant ▁Bill ), ▁was ▁Ele phant ▁Ad visor ▁to ▁the ▁Four teenth ▁Army , ▁see ▁his ▁Ele phant ▁Bill ▁( 1 9 5 0 ) ▁and ▁Band ool a ▁( 1 9 5 3 )
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▁John ▁Masters . ▁The ▁Road ▁Past ▁Mand al ay '' ▁ ▁Document aries ▁ ▁Bur ma : ▁The ▁For got ten ▁War , ▁BBC , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁Director : ▁Mark ▁F iel der ▁N arr ator : Char les ▁Whe eler ▁Category : Mil itary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁Category : Mil itary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁ 1 4 ▁ 1 4 ▁Category : Mil itary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Empire ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁II <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Railway ▁News ▁and ▁Hotel ▁Company , ▁known ▁today ▁as ▁H MS Host , ▁was ▁a ▁business ▁founded ▁by ▁the ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Brothers ▁of ▁Kansas ▁City , ▁Missouri , ▁which ▁developed ▁at ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁the ▁twentieth ▁century ▁to ▁provide ▁services ▁to ▁travel ers ▁aboard ▁passenger ▁trains . ▁At ▁a ▁time ▁when ▁most ▁passenger ▁trains ▁carried ▁neither ▁dining ▁cars ▁nor ▁l ounge ▁cars , ▁private ▁business men ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Van ▁No ys ▁recognized ▁a ▁profit ▁opportunity ▁by ▁operating ▁eating ▁houses ▁at ▁rail road ▁jun ction ▁points ▁and ▁selling ▁sn acks ▁and ▁nov elt ies ▁aboard ▁the ▁trains . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 3 , ▁Ira ▁Clinton ▁Van ▁N oy ▁formed ▁a ▁retail ▁cig ar ▁and ▁news ▁business ▁at ▁No . ▁ 1 0 7 6 ▁Union ▁Avenue , ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City , ▁Missouri . ▁Four ▁years ▁later , ▁on ▁July ▁ 2
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6 , ▁ 1 8 9 7 , ▁he ▁joined ▁with ▁two ▁of ▁his ▁brothers , ▁Charles ▁S . ▁Van ▁N oy ▁and ▁J . L . ▁Van ▁N oy , ▁along ▁with ▁G . W . ▁Kre bs ▁of ▁St . ▁Louis , ▁to ▁incorporate ▁the ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Rail road ▁News ▁Company . ▁Rail road ▁' news ▁services ' ▁generally ▁sold ▁magazines , ▁newspapers , ▁books , ▁tobacco ▁products , ▁fruits , ▁nuts , ▁and ▁nov elt ies ▁from ▁news stand s ▁located ▁in ▁train ▁stations ▁and ▁by ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁a ▁' news ▁but ch ', ▁a ▁young ▁man ▁who ▁walked ▁through ▁the ▁train ▁making ▁sales . ▁As ▁the ▁business ▁flour ished , ▁the ▁Van ▁N oy ▁brothers ▁became ▁prominent ▁members ▁of ▁local ▁Kansas ▁City ▁society . ▁I . C . ▁Van ▁N oy , ▁the ▁el dest ▁brother , ▁served ▁as ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁company , ▁and ▁the ▁youngest ▁brother , ▁Henry ▁Clay ▁Van ▁N oy , ▁also ▁joined ▁the ▁company ▁when ▁he ▁came ▁of ▁age . ▁ ▁The ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Rail road ▁News ▁Company ▁grew ▁rapidly ▁after ▁secur ing ▁large ▁contracts ▁with ▁Missouri ▁Pacific ▁Railway ▁and ▁its ▁subs idi ary , ▁the ▁St . ▁Louis , ▁Iron ▁Mountain ▁and ▁Southern ▁Railway . ▁In ▁the ▁era ▁before ▁dining ▁cars ▁were ▁carried ▁on ▁trains , ▁Van ▁N oy ▁eating ▁houses ▁were ▁established ▁at ▁points ▁along ▁the ▁ ▁Missouri ▁Pacific ▁system ▁to ▁feed ▁passengers . ▁Later , ▁at ▁important ▁termin als ▁and ▁train ▁crew ▁division ▁points , ▁Van ▁N oy
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▁hotels ▁were ▁constructed ▁to ▁house ▁both ▁travel ers ▁and ▁rail road ▁train ▁cre ws ▁laying ▁over ▁between ▁trips . ▁Ref lect ing ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁the ▁company , ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁both ▁I . C . ▁Van ▁N oy ▁and ▁C . S . ▁Van ▁N oy ▁constructed ▁large ▁homes ▁on ▁land ▁at ▁ 6 7 0 0 - 6 8 0 0 ▁El m wood ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City . ▁The ▁two ▁homes ▁were ▁added ▁the ▁ ▁National ▁Register ▁of ▁Historic ▁Pl aces ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 1 0 , ▁the ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Rail road ▁News ▁Company ▁controlled ▁sales ▁distribution ▁along ▁ ▁of ▁rail road . ▁The ▁Company ▁also ▁had ▁ 5 2 ▁hotels ▁and ▁restaurants , ▁ 2 0 ▁con cess ion ▁stores , ▁and ▁ 2 1 ▁distribution ▁offices . ▁The ▁employee ▁count ▁at ▁this ▁time ▁was ▁about ▁ 1 , 6 0 0 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 2 , ▁the ▁company ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁the ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Railway ▁Hotel ▁and ▁News ▁Company , ▁reflect ing ▁the ▁company ' s ▁increased ▁emphasis ▁on ▁the ▁hotel ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁business . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 6 , ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁ 1 5 ▁years ▁old , ▁Walt ▁Disney ▁spent ▁a ▁summer ▁working ▁for ▁the ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Inter state ▁Company ▁as ▁a ▁news ▁but ch , ▁selling ▁merch and ise ▁on ▁various ▁rail ▁lines ▁radi ating ▁out ▁of ▁Kansas ▁City . ▁ ▁His ▁first
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▁run ▁was ▁from ▁Kansas ▁City ▁to ▁Jefferson ▁City ▁on ▁the ▁Missouri ▁Pacific ▁Rail road , ▁but ▁he ▁also ▁made ▁runs ▁on ▁the ▁Missouri , ▁Kansas ▁and ▁Texas ▁Railway , ▁and ▁Kansas ▁City ▁Southern ▁Railway , ▁according ▁to ▁an ▁article ▁that ▁Disney ▁wrote ▁years ▁later ▁for ▁Rail road ▁Magazine . ▁ ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Railway ▁Hotel ▁and ▁News ▁began ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁mer gers ▁and ▁acquis itions ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 4 , ▁starting ▁with ▁the ▁Brown ▁News ▁Company ▁( also ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City ) ▁which ▁was ▁acquired ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 1 4 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 5 , ▁the ▁company ▁began ▁consolid ating ▁operations ▁with ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁City - based ▁Inter state ▁News ▁Company . ▁The ▁company ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Inter state ▁News ▁Company ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 7 , ▁but ▁the ▁company ▁headquarters ▁remained ▁in ▁Kansas ▁City ▁under ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁Ira ▁C . ▁Van ▁N oy . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁the ▁company ▁owned ▁distribution ▁av en ues ▁covering ▁ ▁of ▁rail road , ▁and ▁had ▁accum ulated ▁a ▁massive ▁portfolio ▁of ▁con cess ion ▁stands , ▁stores , ▁restaurants , ▁and ▁hotels . ▁However , ▁the ▁need ▁for ▁rail road ▁news ▁services ▁and ▁en ▁route ▁eating ▁houses ▁was ▁decl ining ▁as ▁rail ro ads ▁added ▁dining ▁cars ▁to ▁more ▁trains . ▁In ▁early ▁ 1 9 2 3 , ▁Missouri ▁Pacific ▁Rail road ▁ended ▁their ▁long ▁standing ▁affili
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ation ▁with ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Inter state , ▁although ▁Van ▁N oy ▁continued ▁to ▁operate ▁hotels ▁at ▁some ▁smaller ▁termin als ▁where ▁train ▁cre ws ▁ended ▁their ▁runs . ▁ ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Hotel ▁or ▁E ating ▁House ▁Loc ations ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁partial ▁list ▁of ▁known ▁Van ▁N oy ▁establish ments . ▁ ▁Arkansas : ▁ ▁Bald ▁Kn ob , ▁Bent on , ▁El ▁Dor ado , ▁Fort ▁Smith , ▁G ur don , ▁Hope , ▁Kn ob el , ▁Mc Ge he e , ▁New port , ▁Van ▁B uren , ▁W yn ne . ▁Kansas : ▁ ▁Coff ey ville , ▁Council ▁Gro ve , ▁Down s , ▁G off , ▁Green leaf , ▁Ho ising ton . ▁Missouri : ▁ ▁B ism ark , ▁Delta , ▁J op lin , ▁Pop lar ▁Bl uff . ▁Louisiana : ▁ ▁Mon roe ▁Oklahoma : ▁ ▁W agon er ▁ ▁Ev olution ▁away ▁from ▁Railway ▁Service ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁changes ▁in ▁rail road ▁passenger ▁train ▁service , ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Inter state ▁began ▁to ▁focus ▁more ▁on ▁the ▁hotel ▁side ▁of ▁their ▁operations . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁the ▁Company ▁acquired ▁the ▁Gem ▁F ount ain ▁Company , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁the ▁company ▁began ▁operating ▁as ▁the ▁Inter state ▁Company . ▁The ▁Inter state ▁Company ▁operated ▁restaurants ▁in ▁train ▁stations , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁lunch ▁rooms ▁in ▁bus ▁stations . ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁more ▁famous ▁hotels ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁company ▁was ▁the ▁Bever ly
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▁Hills ▁Hotel , ▁owned ▁and ▁operated ▁by ▁Inter state ▁between ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 2 . ▁The ▁Van ▁N oy ▁family ' s ▁involvement ▁in ▁the ▁Company ▁ended ▁following ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁the ▁last ▁surviving ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Brother , ▁Henry ▁Clay ▁Van ▁N oy . ▁ ▁Hor iz ons ▁were ▁broad ened ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁when ▁the ▁Inter state ▁Company ▁was ▁awarded ▁its ▁first ▁airport ▁contract ▁at ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁International ▁Airport . ▁N umer ous ▁name ▁changes ▁and ▁corporate ▁consolid ations ▁took ▁place ▁as ▁the ▁surviving ▁company ▁moved ▁further ▁from ▁its ▁roots ▁as ▁a ▁rail road ▁news ▁service , ▁although ▁the ▁company ▁remained ▁in ▁the ▁core ▁business ▁of ▁providing ▁services ▁to ▁travel ers . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁that ▁the ▁Inter state ▁Company ▁became ▁Inter state ▁HO ST S ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁all ▁rail road ▁station ▁restaurant ▁operations ▁had ▁ended . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁the ▁name ▁was ▁again ▁changed ▁to ▁Host ▁International , ▁and ▁this ▁company ▁was ▁then ▁acquired ▁by ▁the ▁Mar ri ott ▁Corporation ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁and ▁was ▁then ▁renamed ▁to ▁Host ▁Mar ri ott ▁Corporation . ▁ ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁Aut og r ill ▁S . p . A . ▁purchased ▁the ▁Host ▁Mar ri ott ▁Services ▁division ▁from ▁the ▁Mar ri ott ▁Corporation . ▁Through ▁this ▁acquisition , ▁Aut og r ill ▁gained ▁contracts ▁in ▁ 1 8
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▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 ▁largest ▁United ▁States ▁air ports ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁franch ises ▁such ▁as ▁P izza ▁H ut , ▁Bur ger ▁King , ▁S bar ro , ▁and ▁Star b ucks . ▁Incre ased ▁revenue ▁from ▁these ▁acquis itions ▁allowed ▁Aut og r ill ▁to ▁expand ▁heavily ▁into ▁Europe ’ s ▁successful ▁railway ▁systems ▁– ▁the ▁original ▁transportation ▁mode ▁embr aced ▁by ▁the ▁Van ▁N oy ▁Railway ▁News ▁Company . ▁Aut og r ill ▁renamed ▁the ▁company ▁H MS Host , ▁which ▁is ▁largely ▁the ▁corporate ▁success or ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁Van ▁N oy ▁operation ▁and ▁continues ▁to ▁provide ▁products , ▁services , ▁and ▁entertainment ▁to ▁customers ▁on ▁the ▁go . ▁The ▁hotel ▁and ▁res orts ▁assets ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁Van ▁N oy ▁operation ▁was ▁spun ▁off ▁from ▁Mar ri ott ▁as ▁the ▁Host ▁Mar ri ott ▁Corporation ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁Today , ▁the ▁company ▁is ▁called ▁Host ▁Hot els ▁and ▁Res orts ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁Real ▁estate ▁investment ▁trust , ▁employ ing ▁some ▁ 2 2 9 ▁employees . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Fred ▁Harvey ▁Company ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Railway ▁Age , ▁October ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁pg ▁ 6 6 8 . ▁Sim mons - Board man ▁Publish ers , ▁Philadelphia . ▁Corpor ate ▁Records , ▁State ▁of ▁Missouri , ▁Jefferson ▁City . ▁Rail road ▁Magazine , ▁October ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁H MS Host ▁Web ▁site ▁ ▁Category
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: History ▁of ▁Arkansas ▁Category : American ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁ ▁Category : Transport ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁ ▁Category : Hot els ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 7 ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Missouri ▁ ▁Category : Def unct ▁companies ▁based ▁in ▁Missouri ▁Category : Def unct ▁hotel ▁chains <0x0A> </s> ▁Tim othy ▁Nor ris ▁Bel den ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 7 ) ▁is ▁the ▁former ▁head ▁of ▁trading ▁in ▁En ron ▁Energy ▁Services . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁considered ▁the ▁master mind ▁of ▁En ron ' s ▁scheme ▁to ▁drive ▁up ▁California ' s ▁energy ▁prices , ▁by ▁developing ▁many ▁of ▁the ▁trading ▁strategies ▁that ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁California ▁electricity ▁crisis . ▁ ▁Bel den ▁ple aded ▁guilty ▁to ▁one ▁count ▁of ▁conspiracy ▁to ▁commit ▁wire ▁fraud ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁ple a ▁barg ain , ▁along ▁with ▁his ▁cooperation ▁with ▁authorities ▁to ▁help ▁conv ict ▁many ▁top ▁En ron ▁execut ives . ▁▁▁ ▁Bel den ▁was ▁sent enced ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁to ▁two ▁years ▁of ▁court - super vised ▁release ▁and ▁must ▁for fe it ▁$ 2 . 1 ▁million . ▁Federal ▁prosecut ors ▁recommended ▁prob ation ▁because ▁Bel den ▁cooper ated ▁in ▁the ▁case , ▁assist ing ▁with ▁the ▁prosecut ion ▁of ▁senior ▁En ron ▁execut ives . ▁ ▁Both ▁Jeff ▁Rich ter ▁and ▁John ▁For ney ▁were ▁sent enced ▁to ▁prob ation ▁and
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▁fin ed ▁( Rich ter ▁$ 1 0 , 0 0 0 , ▁For ney ▁$ 4 , 0 0 0 ). ▁ ▁The ▁maximum ▁stat ut ory ▁penalty ▁for ▁conspiracy , ▁in ▁violation ▁of ▁ 1 8 ▁U . S . C . ▁§ ▁ 3 7 1 , ▁is ▁five ▁years ▁in ▁prison ▁and ▁a ▁$ 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁fine . ▁ ▁None ▁of ▁which ▁are ▁being ▁met ▁by ▁Bel den ▁or ▁the ▁other ▁convicted ▁accompl ices ▁John ▁For ney ▁ ▁or ▁Jeff ery ▁Rich ter . ▁All ▁three ▁ple aded ▁guilty ▁to ▁and ▁were ▁convicted ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁one ▁count ▁of ▁conspiracy ▁to ▁commit ▁wire ▁fraud . ▁ ▁Bel den ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁have ▁received ▁a ▁$ 5 ▁million ▁bonus ▁from ▁En ron ▁as ▁a ▁reward ▁for ▁the ▁profits ▁he ▁extracted ▁from ▁California ▁for ▁En ron . ▁ ▁He ▁holds ▁a ▁master ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁public ▁policy ▁from ▁the ▁Gold man ▁School ▁of ▁Public ▁Policy ▁at ▁U C - Ber keley ▁and ▁spent ▁five ▁years ▁working ▁as ▁a ▁research er ▁at ▁the ▁Lawrence ▁Berkeley ▁National ▁Labor atory . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Bel den ▁founded ▁Energy ▁GPS ▁LLC ▁with ▁Jeff ▁Rich ter ▁to ▁" prov ide ▁analysis ▁and ▁advice ▁to ▁clients ▁in ▁the ▁energy ▁industry " ▁ ▁Energy ▁GPS ▁LLC ▁is ▁based ▁in ▁Portland , ▁Oregon . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁En ron : ▁The ▁Smart est ▁Gu ys ▁in ▁the ▁Room ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6
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7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : En ron ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁V u č ip ol je ▁( B ug oj no ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁the ▁municip ality ▁of ▁Bug oj no , ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Bug oj no <0x0A> </s> ▁She ep w ash ▁is ▁a ▁popular ▁tourist ▁spot ▁in ▁the ▁North ▁York ▁Mo ors , ▁North ▁York shire , ▁England . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁C od ▁Beck ▁which ▁flows ▁into ▁C od ▁Beck ▁Res erv oir ▁near ▁O sm other ley . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁possibly ▁der ives ▁from ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁she pher ds ▁bring ▁their ▁sheep ▁down ▁from ▁the ▁surrounding ▁mo or land ▁and ▁wash ▁them ▁in ▁the ▁be ck ▁at ▁the ▁for d . ▁The ▁for d ▁across ▁the ▁C od ▁Beck ▁at ▁She ep w ash ▁was ▁on ▁an ▁old ▁dro vers ▁road ▁between ▁Scotland ▁and ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁England . ▁K nown ▁as ▁The ▁Hamb leton ▁D ro ve ▁Road , ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁lower ▁lying ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁road ▁have ▁been ▁converted ▁into ▁modern ▁day ▁roads , ▁but ▁the ▁section ▁across ▁the ▁North ▁York ▁Mo ors , ▁is ▁still ▁a ▁rough ▁u pl and ▁track . ▁ ▁The ▁area ▁is ▁bounded ▁to ▁the ▁west ▁by ▁Sc arth ▁Wood ▁Mo or , ▁which ▁also ▁l ends ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁the ▁National ▁Trust ▁car ▁park ▁at ▁She ep w ash . ▁It ▁was ▁revealed
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▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁that ▁ 7 5 % ▁of ▁parking ▁tickets ▁issued ▁in ▁the ▁Hamb leton ▁district ▁were ▁handed ▁out ▁at ▁She ep w ash ▁car ▁park ▁to ▁drivers ▁not ▁parking ▁correctly ▁or ▁parking ▁on ▁the ▁grass ed ▁ver ges ▁of ▁the ▁road . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : T our ist ▁attra ctions ▁in ▁North ▁York shire ▁Category : N orth ▁York ▁Mo ors <0x0A> </s> ▁Som erset ▁is ▁a ▁ceremon ial ▁county ▁in ▁South ▁West ▁England . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁county ▁of ▁rolling ▁hills , ▁such ▁as ▁the ▁Mend ip ▁Hills , ▁Quant ock ▁Hills ▁and ▁Ex mo or ▁National ▁Park , ▁and ▁large ▁flat ▁expans es ▁of ▁land ▁including ▁the ▁Som erset ▁Lev els . ▁Modern ▁man ▁came ▁to ▁what ▁is ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁Som erset ▁during ▁the ▁Early ▁Upper ▁Pal ae ol ith ic ▁era . ▁In ▁the ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁era , ▁from ▁about ▁ 3 5 0 0 ▁BC , ▁there ▁is ▁evidence ▁of ▁farming ▁when ▁people ▁started ▁to ▁manage ▁animals ▁and ▁grow ▁crops ▁on ▁farms ▁cleared ▁from ▁the ▁wood land , ▁rather ▁than ▁act ▁purely ▁as ▁hun ter ▁gather ers . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁likely ▁that ▁extr action ▁and ▁sm el ting ▁of ▁mineral ▁o res ▁to ▁make ▁tools , ▁weapons , ▁containers ▁and ▁or naments ▁in ▁bronze ▁and ▁then ▁iron ▁started ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁Ne ol ith ic ▁and ▁into ▁the ▁Bron ze ▁and ▁Iron ▁A ges . ▁ ▁The ▁construction ▁of ▁Hill ▁for ts ▁began ▁in ▁Britain
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▁in ▁the ▁Late ▁Bron ze ▁and ▁Early ▁Iron ▁Age , ▁roughly ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁mill enn ium BC . ▁The ▁reason ▁for ▁their ▁emer gence , ▁and ▁their ▁purpose , ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁subject ▁of ▁debate . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁argued ▁that ▁they ▁could ▁have ▁been ▁military ▁sites ▁constructed ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁invasion ▁from ▁contin ental ▁Europe , ▁sites ▁built ▁by ▁inv aders , ▁or ▁a ▁military ▁reaction ▁to ▁social ▁t ensions ▁caused ▁by ▁an ▁increasing ▁population ▁and ▁consequ ent ▁pressure ▁on ▁agriculture . ▁The ▁dominant ▁view ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁has ▁been ▁that ▁the ▁increasing ▁use ▁of ▁iron ▁led ▁to ▁social ▁changes ▁in ▁Britain . ▁Dep os its ▁of ▁iron ▁ore ▁were ▁separated ▁from ▁the ▁sources ▁of ▁tin ▁and ▁copper ▁necessary ▁to ▁make ▁bronze , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁trading ▁patterns ▁shifted ▁and ▁the ▁old ▁el ites ▁lost ▁their ▁economic ▁and ▁social ▁status . ▁Arch ae ologist ▁Barry ▁C un lif fe ▁believes ▁that ▁population ▁increase ▁played ▁a ▁role ▁and ▁has ▁stated ▁" the ▁for ts ▁provided ▁defensive ▁possibilities ▁for ▁the ▁community ▁at ▁those ▁times ▁when ▁the ▁stress ▁of ▁an ▁increasing ▁population ▁burst ▁out ▁into ▁open ▁war fare . ▁But ▁I ▁would ▁not ▁see ▁them ▁as ▁having ▁been ▁built ▁because ▁there ▁was ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁war . ▁They ▁would ▁be ▁functional ▁as ▁defensive ▁strong holds ▁when ▁there ▁were ▁t ensions ▁and ▁und oubtedly ▁some ▁of ▁them ▁were ▁attacked ▁and ▁destroyed , ▁but ▁this ▁was ▁not ▁the ▁only , ▁or ▁even ▁the ▁most ▁significant , ▁factor
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▁in ▁their ▁construction ". ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁numerous ▁Iron ▁Age ▁hill ▁for ts ▁and ▁ancient ▁settlement ▁sites ▁in ▁the ▁county , ▁some ▁of ▁which ▁were ▁later ▁re used ▁in ▁the ▁Dark ▁A ges , ▁such ▁as ▁Cad bury ▁Castle , ▁Wor le bury ▁Camp ▁and ▁Ham ▁Hill . ▁Other ▁hill ▁for ts , ▁such ▁as ▁Small ▁Down ▁Kn oll , ▁Sol sb ury ▁Hill , ▁D ole bury ▁Warren ▁and ▁Bur ledge ▁Hill , ▁may ▁have ▁had ▁a ▁domestic ▁purpose ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁a ▁defensive ▁role . ▁The ▁Iron ▁Age ▁tribes ▁of ▁the ▁Som erset ▁area ▁were ▁the ▁Dob un ni ▁in ▁north ▁Som erset , ▁D uro tr iges ▁in ▁south ▁Som erset ▁and ▁D umn on ii ▁in ▁west ▁Som erset . ▁Iron ▁Age ▁sites ▁on ▁the ▁Quant ock ▁Hills , ▁include ▁major ▁hill ▁for ts ▁at ▁D ows borough ▁and ▁Rub orough , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁smaller ▁earth work ▁en clos ures , ▁such ▁as ▁T rend le ▁Ring , ▁El worthy ▁Bar rows ▁and ▁Pl ains field ▁Camp . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁hill ▁for ts , ▁several ▁sites ▁have ▁been ▁identified ▁as ▁settlement s ▁during ▁the ▁pre ▁Roman ▁period ▁including ▁Camb ria ▁Farm ▁and ▁the ▁" L ake ▁Vill ages " ▁at ▁Me are ▁and ▁Gl ast on bury ▁which ▁were ▁built ▁on ▁a ▁mor ass , ▁on ▁an ▁artificial ▁foundation ▁of ▁tim ber ▁filled ▁with ▁brush wood , ▁br ack en , ▁rub ble ▁and ▁clay . ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁sites ▁fell ▁out ▁of ▁use ▁with ▁the
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▁coming ▁of ▁the ▁Romans ▁and ▁therefore ▁this ▁list ▁covers ▁those ▁sites ▁occupied ▁until ▁that ▁time . ▁ ▁Almost ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁sites ▁in ▁the ▁list ▁are ▁S cheduled ▁Mon uments . ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁a ▁S cheduled ▁Mon ument ▁is ▁a ▁" n ation ally ▁important " ▁archae ological ▁site ▁or ▁historic ▁building , ▁given ▁protection ▁against ▁un author ised ▁change . ▁S cheduled ▁Mon uments ▁are ▁specified ▁in ▁the ▁Anc ient ▁Mon uments ▁and ▁Arch ae ological ▁Are as ▁Act ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁which ▁defines ▁a ▁monument ▁as : ▁ ▁Any ▁building , ▁structure ▁or ▁work ▁above ▁or ▁below ▁the ▁surface ▁of ▁the ▁land , ▁any ▁cave ▁or ▁exc av ation ; ▁any ▁site ▁compr ising ▁the ▁remains ▁of ▁any ▁such ▁building , ▁structure ▁or ▁work ▁or ▁any ▁cave ▁or ▁exc av ation ; ▁and ▁any ▁site ▁compr ising ▁or ▁compr ising ▁the ▁remains ▁of ▁any ▁vehicle , ▁vessel ▁or ▁aircraft ▁or ▁other ▁mov able ▁structure ▁or ▁part ▁there of ... ▁( Section ▁ 6 1 ▁( 7 )). ▁ ▁Dam age ▁to ▁a ▁scheduled ▁monument ▁is ▁a ▁criminal ▁off ence ▁and ▁any ▁work ▁taking ▁place ▁at ▁one ▁of ▁these ▁sites ▁requires ▁S cheduled ▁Mon ument ▁Cons ent ▁from ▁the ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State . ▁In ▁England , ▁the ▁Department ▁for ▁Culture , ▁Media ▁and ▁Sport ▁keeps ▁the ▁register , ▁or ▁schedule , ▁of ▁nation ally ▁important ▁sites ▁which ▁receive ▁state ▁protection , ▁which ▁now ▁includes ▁over ▁ 3 1 , 0 0 0 ▁sites . ▁ ▁K
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nown ▁hill ▁for ts ▁and ▁settlement s ▁ ▁Sus pected ▁hill ▁for ts ▁and ▁settlement s ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁hill ▁for ts ▁in ▁England ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁cast les ▁in ▁Som erset ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁A ▁map ▁showing ▁the ▁hill ▁for ts ▁and ▁settlement s ▁in ▁Som erset ▁ ▁Another ▁list ▁of ▁hill ▁for ts ▁ ▁* ▁* ▁Hill ▁for ts ▁and ▁ancient ▁settlement s ▁Som erset <0x0A> </s> ▁No . ▁ 8 1 ▁Wing ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁operating ▁the ▁Mc Don nell ▁Douglas ▁F / A - 1 8 ▁Horn et ▁multi - role ▁fighters ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Australian ▁Air ▁Force ▁( R AA F ). ▁Head qu arter ed ▁at ▁R AA F ▁Base ▁William town , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales , ▁the ▁wing ▁compris es ▁three ▁combat ▁units , ▁N os . 3 ▁and ▁ 7 7 ▁Squad rons ▁based ▁at ▁William town ▁and ▁No . 7 5 ▁Squadron ▁at ▁R AA F ▁Base ▁T ind al , ▁Northern ▁Terr itory , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁an ▁operational ▁conversion ▁unit ▁at ▁William town . ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁headquarters ▁overse es ▁squad ron ▁training ▁in ▁air - to - air ▁and ▁air - to - ground ▁tactics , ▁and ▁support ▁for ▁the ▁Australian ▁Army ▁and ▁Royal ▁Australian ▁Navy . ▁Task ed ▁with ▁offensive ▁and ▁defensive ▁counter - air ▁operations , ▁the ▁Horn ets ▁have ▁been ▁deployed ▁to ▁Diego ▁Gar cia ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 – 0 2 ,
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▁when ▁they ▁provided ▁local ▁air ▁defence , ▁to ▁Iraq ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁when ▁they ▁saw ▁action ▁flying ▁fighter ▁escort ▁and ▁close ▁air ▁support ▁missions ▁in ▁concert ▁with ▁Coal ition ▁forces , ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 , ▁when ▁they ▁under to ok ▁strike ▁operations ▁during ▁the ▁military ▁intervention ▁against ▁IS IL . ▁They ▁have ▁also ▁been ▁employed ▁to ▁patrol ▁high - profile ▁events ▁in ▁Australia , ▁including ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁and ▁visits ▁by ▁foreign ▁dign it aries . ▁ ▁Form ed ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁compr ised ▁three ▁flying ▁units , ▁N os . 7 6 , ▁ 7 7 ▁and ▁ 8 2 ▁Squad rons , ▁operating ▁P - 4 0 ▁K itty h awk ▁fighters ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁West ▁Pacific ▁theatre ▁of ▁World ▁War II . ▁Following ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁host ilities , ▁the ▁wing ▁converted ▁to ▁P - 5 1 ▁Must angs ▁and ▁was ▁based ▁in ▁Japan ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁All ied ▁occup ational ▁forces ; ▁it ▁dis band ed ▁there ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 8 . ▁Re - formed ▁at ▁William town ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁its ▁complement ▁included ▁N os . 7 5 ▁and ▁ 7 6 ▁Squad rons , ▁and ▁No . 2 ▁Oper ational ▁Con version ▁Unit , ▁operating ▁C AC ▁Sab re ▁j ets . ▁The ▁Sab res ▁were ▁deployed ▁to
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▁R AA F ▁Base ▁Darwin , ▁Northern ▁Terr itory , ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁to ▁guard ▁against ▁possible ▁attack ▁by ▁Indones ian ▁forces ▁during ▁the ▁Kon front asi ▁with ▁Malaysia . ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁converted ▁to ▁D ass ault ▁Mir age III ▁sup erson ic ▁fighters ▁before ▁dis band ing ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 6 . ▁It ▁was ▁re - formed ▁again ▁at ▁William town ▁in ▁February ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁to ▁operate ▁the ▁Horn et . ▁The ▁wing ▁also ▁controlled ▁N os . 2 5 ▁( l ater ▁ 7 9 ) ▁and ▁ 7 6 ▁Squad rons , ▁flying ▁Mac chi ▁lead - in ▁fighters , ▁until ▁they ▁were ▁transferred ▁to ▁No . 7 8 ▁Wing ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Est ab lished ▁at ▁Ball ar at , ▁Victoria , ▁on ▁ 1 2 Apr il ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁operated ▁P - 4 0 ▁K itty h awk ▁fighters ▁in ▁the ▁South ▁West ▁Pacific ▁theatre ▁of ▁World ▁War II . ▁Group ▁Captain ▁Gordon ▁Ste e ge ▁set ▁up ▁headquarters ▁on ▁Los ▁Neg ros ▁in ▁the ▁Admiral ty ▁Islands ▁on ▁ 3 0 Aug ust . ▁Com pr ising ▁N os . 7 6 , ▁ 7 7 ▁and ▁ 8 2 ▁Squad rons , ▁the ▁formation ▁joined ▁N os . 7 7 ▁and ▁ 7 8
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▁W ings ▁on ▁No em fo or ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁No . 1 0 ▁Oper ational ▁Group ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁No . 1 0 ▁Group ▁was ▁renamed ▁the ▁First ▁T act ical ▁Air ▁Force ▁( No . 1 ▁T AF ) ▁in ▁October . ▁The ▁same ▁month , ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁under to ok ▁offensive ▁swe eps ▁and ▁ground ▁attacks ▁against ▁targets ▁in ▁West ▁Pap ua . ▁In ▁November , ▁N os . 7 7 ▁and ▁ 8 2 ▁Squad rons ▁dive ▁bom bed ▁Japanese ▁air fields ▁on ▁Hal ma her a . ▁ ▁The ▁wing ' s ▁aircraft ▁flew ▁ 1 , 1 2 5 ▁sort ies ▁in ▁October ▁and ▁November , ▁dropping ▁over ▁ ▁of ▁bombs , ▁for ▁the ▁loss ▁of ▁ 1 5 ▁K itty h aw ks ▁and ▁ 1 1 ▁pilots . ▁The ▁re leg ation ▁of ▁No . 1 ▁T AF ▁to ▁areas ▁of ▁operation ▁by pass ed ▁by ▁the ▁main ▁All ied ▁thrust ▁towards ▁the ▁Philippines ▁and ▁Japan ▁led ▁to ▁poor ▁mor ale . ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ' s ▁new ▁commander , ▁Group ▁Captain ▁Wil fred ▁Arthur , ▁produced ▁a ▁" balance ▁sheet " ▁to ▁demonstrate ▁that ▁the ▁formation ' s ▁combat ▁results ▁were ▁not ▁worth ▁the ▁cost ▁in ▁ord n ance ▁and ▁casual ties , ▁setting ▁in ▁train ▁events ▁that ▁would ▁cul min ate ▁in ▁the ▁so - called ▁" M
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or ot ai ▁Mut iny " ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁By ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁missions ▁fl own ▁by ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁had ▁dropped ▁to ▁less ▁than ▁ 4 0 0 , ▁from ▁over ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁the ▁previous ▁month . ▁In ▁March , ▁the ▁K itty h aw ks ▁carried ▁out ▁some ▁ 8 0 ▁patrol s ▁around ▁No em fo or ▁but ▁encountered ▁enemy ▁activity ▁on ▁less ▁than ▁half ▁of ▁these . ▁ ▁No . ▁ 8 1 ▁Wing ▁was ▁sl ated ▁to ▁take ▁part ▁in ▁Operation ▁O bo e ▁One , ▁the ▁invasion ▁of ▁Tar ak an , ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁but ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁move ▁in ▁time ▁from ▁No em fo or ▁to ▁its ▁new ▁base ▁on ▁Mor ot ai ▁in ▁the ▁Dutch ▁East ▁Ind ies ; ▁only ▁No . 7 6 ▁Squadron ▁played ▁any ▁part ▁in ▁the ▁battle , ▁undert aking ▁patrol s ▁and ▁conv oy ▁escort . ▁ ▁The ▁following ▁month , ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁flew ▁close ▁support ▁missions ▁for ▁the ▁Australian ▁ 9 th ▁Division ▁in ▁Operation ▁O bo e ▁Six , ▁the ▁invasion ▁of ▁Lab uan . ▁Along ▁with ▁its ▁three ▁K itty h awk ▁squad rons , ▁the ▁wing ' s ▁order ▁of ▁battle ▁included ▁No . 4 5 7 ▁Squadron ▁flying ▁Sp it f ires , ▁No . 2 5 ▁Air ▁Sto res ▁Park , ▁No . 2 4 ▁Medical
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▁Cle aring ▁Station , ▁No . 2 2 ▁Rep air ▁and ▁Serv icing ▁Unit , ▁No . 9 ▁Rep air ▁and ▁Serv icing ▁Unit ▁Det achment , ▁No . 1 1 1 ▁Mobile ▁F ighter ▁Control ▁Unit , ▁and ▁seven ▁Rad ar ▁St ations — a ▁total ▁of ▁over ▁ 2 , 0 0 0 ▁personnel . ▁Its ▁commander ▁on ▁Mor ot ai ▁and ▁Lab uan ▁was ▁Group ▁Captain ▁Ian ▁Mc L ach lan . ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁was ▁to ▁have ▁provided ▁two ▁squad rons ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁Operation ▁O bo e ▁Two , ▁the ▁assault ▁on ▁Bal ik p apan , ▁in ▁June ▁but ▁Tar ak an ▁air field , ▁from ▁which ▁it ▁was ▁to ▁operate , ▁was ▁not ▁ready ▁in ▁time . ▁ ▁The ▁wing ▁was ▁still ▁based ▁on ▁Lab uan ▁when ▁the ▁Pacific ▁War ▁ended ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁Call s ▁soon ▁came ▁to ▁serve ▁with ▁the ▁formation ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁proposed ▁Commonwealth ▁occupation ▁forces ▁in ▁Japan , ▁and ▁many ▁personnel ▁volunte ered ▁to ▁do ▁so . ▁ ▁All ied ▁occupation ▁of ▁Japan ▁ ▁The ▁wing ▁began ▁re - equ ipping ▁with ▁P - 5 1 D ▁Must angs ▁at ▁Lab uan ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁No . 4 8 1 ▁( Main tenance ) ▁Squadron ▁was ▁formed ▁in ▁December ▁from ▁elements ▁of ▁No . 2 2 ▁Rep air ▁and ▁Serv icing ▁Unit , ▁No . 2 5 ▁Air ▁Sto res ▁Park
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, ▁and ▁other ▁units ▁based ▁on ▁Lab uan . ▁No . 3 8 1 ▁( Base ) ▁Squadron , ▁established ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁also ▁util ised ▁personnel ▁and ▁equipment ▁from ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ' s ▁specialist ▁units ▁at ▁Lab uan , ▁including ▁No . 4 7 ▁Oper ational ▁Base ▁Unit , ▁No . 2 4 ▁Medical ▁Cle aring ▁Station , ▁No . 2 5 ▁Air ▁Sto res ▁Park ▁and ▁No . 2 ▁Air field ▁Def ence ▁Squadron . ▁R AA F ▁base ▁squad rons ▁were ▁administrative ▁and ▁log ist ical ▁units , ▁intended ▁to ▁make ▁their ▁wings ▁self - support ing ▁and ▁mobile ▁for ▁potential ▁deployment . ▁ ▁Under ▁the ▁leadership ▁of ▁Wing ▁Commander ▁Glen ▁Cooper , ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁subsequently ▁transferred ▁to ▁new ▁headquarters ▁at ▁B of u , ▁a ▁former ▁kam ik aze ▁base , ▁where ▁it ▁formed ▁the ▁Australian ▁air ▁conting ent ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁Commonwealth ▁Occ up ation ▁Force ▁( B CO F ) ▁in ▁Japan ▁until ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁when ▁the ▁R AA F ▁presence ▁was ▁reduced . ▁The ▁first ▁of ▁its ▁units ▁to ▁arrive ▁in ▁Japan ▁had ▁been ▁No . 5 ▁Air field ▁Construction ▁Squadron ▁( No . 5 ▁A CS ) ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁followed ▁by ▁the ▁three ▁flying ▁squad rons ▁in ▁March ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁No . 8 2 ▁Squadron ▁lost ▁three ▁Must angs ▁and
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▁an ▁escort ing ▁de ▁Hav ill and ▁Mos qu ito ▁in ▁bad ▁weather ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁B of u , ▁killing ▁all ▁crew ▁members . ▁The ▁wing ' s ▁strength ▁was ▁augment ed ▁by ▁N os . 3 8 1 ▁and ▁ 4 8 1 ▁Squad rons , ▁and ▁later ▁No . 1 1 1 ▁Mobile ▁F ighter ▁Control ▁Unit ▁( No . 1 1 1 ▁M FC U ). ▁Also ▁making ▁the ▁journey ▁to ▁Japan ▁was ▁the ▁wing ' s ▁m asc ot , ▁F lying ▁Officer ▁( l ater ▁Flight ▁Lieutenant ) ▁R ale igh , ▁" a ▁small ▁yellow ▁dog ▁and ▁combat - season ed ▁veteran ▁with ▁over ▁ 4 0 ▁hours ▁operational ▁flying ▁to ▁his ▁credit ". ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁Japanese ▁offered ▁no ▁serious ▁resistance ▁to ▁the ▁All ied ▁occupation , ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ' s ▁prime ▁operational ▁duty ▁was ▁surveillance ▁patrol s . ▁The ▁R AA F ▁personnel ▁also ▁helped ▁maintain ▁law ▁and ▁order , ▁and ▁super vised ▁elections , ▁while ▁No . 5 ▁A CS , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁undert aking ▁military ▁construction , ▁contributed ▁to ▁re building ▁local ▁infrastructure . ▁Otherwise ▁they ▁generally ▁maintained ▁a ▁pe ac etime ▁training ▁regime . ▁By ▁late ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁No . 3 8 1 ▁Squadron ▁was ▁providing ▁technical ▁support ▁to ▁all ▁B CO F ▁squad rons , ▁including ▁five ▁from ▁Britain , ▁New ▁Zealand ▁and ▁India , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁to ▁the ▁R AA F ▁conting ent .
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▁Group ▁Captain ▁Brian ▁E aton ▁took ▁over ▁command ▁of ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁from ▁Cooper ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 7 . ▁The ▁wing ▁transferred ▁to ▁I w ak uni ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁the ▁same ▁month ▁that ▁the ▁Federal ▁government ▁determined ▁to ▁reduce ▁Australia ' s ▁contribution ▁to ▁B CO F ▁and ▁dis band ▁the ▁formation , ▁ret aining ▁only ▁No . 7 7 ▁Squadron ▁in ▁Japan . ▁N os . 7 6 ▁and ▁ 8 2 ▁Squad rons ▁dis band ed ▁in ▁October , ▁the ▁former ▁subsequently ▁re - em er ging ▁and ▁joining ▁No . 7 8 ▁Wing ▁when ▁it ▁deployed ▁to ▁Mal ta ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁headquarters ▁and ▁No . 4 8 1 ▁Squadron ▁were ▁dis band ed ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁followed ▁by ▁No . 1 1 1 ▁M FC U ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 9 . ▁ ▁Det ach ments ▁of ▁No . 3 8 1 ▁Squadron ▁and ▁No . 5 ▁A CS ▁remained ▁with ▁No . 7 7 ▁Squadron ▁under ▁the ▁a eg is ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁organisation ▁called ▁R AA F ▁Component , ▁eventually ▁dis band ing ▁in ▁February ▁and ▁April ▁ 1 9 5 0 , ▁respectively . ▁No . 7 7 ▁Squadron ▁personnel ▁were ▁preparing ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁Australia ▁when , ▁on ▁ 2 5 J une ▁ 1 9
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5 0 , ▁they ▁were ▁placed ▁on ▁stand by ▁for ▁action ▁in ▁the ▁Korean ▁War , ▁which ▁had ▁just ▁broken ▁out ; ▁the ▁unit ▁began ▁flying ▁missions ▁over ▁Korea ▁a ▁week ▁later . ▁ ▁Re - est ablish ment ▁and ▁Kon front asi ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁was ▁re - est ab lished ▁at ▁R AA F ▁Base ▁William town , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales . ▁F lying ▁C AC ▁Sab res , ▁its ▁complement ▁included ▁N os . 7 5 ▁and ▁ 7 6 ▁Squad rons , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁No . 2 ▁Oper ational ▁Con version ▁Unit ▁( No . 2 ▁O CU ) ▁and ▁a ▁re - formed ▁No . 4 8 1 ▁Squadron . ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁N os . 7 6 ▁and ▁ 4 8 1 ▁Squad rons ▁deployed ▁to ▁R AA F ▁Base ▁Darwin , ▁Northern ▁Terr itory , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁Operation ▁Hand over , ▁a ▁little - public ised ▁conting ency ▁plan ▁put ▁into ▁effect ▁during ▁the ▁Kon front asi ▁between ▁Indonesia ▁and ▁Malaysia . ▁No . 7 6 ▁Squadron ' s ▁Sab res , ▁armed ▁with ▁Side w inder ▁miss iles , ▁were ▁to ▁defend ▁against ▁possible ▁attack ▁by ▁Indones ian ▁forces ▁following ▁the ▁recent ▁establishment ▁of ▁the ▁Federation ▁of ▁Malaysia . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁since ▁World ▁War II ▁that ▁an ▁R AA F ▁flying ▁squad ron ▁was ▁positioned ▁"
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in ▁harm ' s ▁way " ▁on ▁Australian ▁soil . ▁As ▁No . 7 5 ▁Squadron ▁was ▁effectively ▁out ▁of ▁action ▁pending ▁conversion ▁to ▁the ▁D ass ault ▁Mir age III , ▁the ▁deployment ▁meant ▁that ▁practically ▁the ▁entire ▁main land ▁fighter ▁force ▁had ▁been ▁committed ▁to ▁the ▁north . ▁The ▁Officer ▁Command ing ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing , ▁Group ▁Captain ▁A . F . ▁M ather , ▁took ▁on ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁Area ▁Air ▁Def ence ▁Commander . ▁No ▁combat ▁ens ued , ▁the ▁Sab res ' ▁only ▁inter ception ▁being ▁a ▁Can ber ra ▁bom ber ▁of ▁No . 1 ▁Oper ational ▁Con version ▁Unit , ▁but ▁the ▁experience ▁did ▁reveal ▁def ici encies ▁in ▁the ▁defence ▁of ▁Northern ▁Australia ▁and ▁contributed ▁to ▁the ▁decision ▁to ▁maintain ▁a ▁permanent ▁det achment ▁of ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁fighters ▁in ▁Darwin , ▁and ▁later ▁at ▁R AA F ▁Base ▁T ind al , ▁Northern ▁Terr itory . ▁ ▁The ▁wing ▁converted ▁from ▁Sab res ▁to ▁Mir ages ▁between ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁comm encing ▁with ▁No . 2 ▁O CU ▁and ▁concl uding ▁with ▁No . 7 6 ▁Squadron ; ▁the ▁last - ment ioned ▁dis band ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁itself ▁dis band ed ▁at ▁William town ▁in ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 6 . ▁No . 7 5 ▁Squadron ▁was ▁based ▁at ▁R
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AA F ▁Base ▁Butter worth , ▁Malaysia , ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 7 ▁until ▁ 1 9 8 3 , ▁when ▁it ▁rel oc ated ▁to ▁Darwin . ▁Following ▁conversion ▁to ▁the ▁F / A - 1 8 ▁Horn et ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 , ▁it ▁transferred ▁to ▁T ind al . ▁O wing ▁to ▁its ▁remote ▁location , ▁it ▁became ▁the ▁largest ▁Horn et ▁squad ron , ▁employ ing ▁an ▁extensive ▁maintenance ▁section ▁to ▁ensure ▁read iness . ▁ ▁Current ▁establishment ▁and ▁Middle ▁East ▁deploy ments ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁re - formed ▁at ▁William town ▁on ▁ 2 F ebru ary ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁Along ▁with ▁No . 7 5 ▁Squadron ▁at ▁T ind al , ▁its ▁flying ▁units ▁consisted ▁of ▁N os . 3 ▁and ▁ 7 7 ▁Squad rons ▁based ▁at ▁William town ▁with ▁No . 2 ▁O CU , ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁had ▁converted ▁from ▁the ▁Mir age ▁to ▁the ▁Horn et ▁between ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁the ▁last - ment ioned ▁being ▁the ▁prime ▁operator ▁of ▁the ▁two - se at ▁F / A - 1 8 B ▁train ers . ▁Having ▁continued ▁to ▁perform ▁fighter ▁maintenance ▁through ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁and ▁' 7 0 s , ▁No . 4 8 1 ▁Squadron ▁dis band ed ▁on ▁ 3 1 Jan uary ▁ 1 9 8 7 . ▁It ▁re -
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formed ▁the ▁next ▁day ▁as ▁No . 4 8 1 ▁Wing ▁under ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ' s ▁parent ▁organisation , ▁T act ical ▁F ighter ▁Group ▁( TF G ), ▁and ▁consisted ▁of ▁two ▁squad rons , ▁Air craft ▁Main tenance ▁Squadron ▁William town ▁( AM SW LM ) ▁and ▁Air craft ▁Equipment ▁Main tenance ▁Squadron ▁William town ▁( AE MS WL M ). ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁had ▁been ▁augment ed ▁by ▁N os . 2 5 ▁and ▁ 7 6 ▁Squad rons , ▁operating ▁Mac chi ▁MB - 3 2 6 ▁lead - in ▁fighters , ▁the ▁former ▁based ▁at ▁R AA F ▁Base ▁Pear ce , ▁Western ▁Australia , ▁and ▁the ▁latter ▁at ▁William town , ▁where ▁it ▁also ▁employed ▁Pil atus ▁PC - 9 s ▁for ▁forward ▁air ▁control ▁( F AC ). ▁On ▁ 1 J uly ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁No . 4 8 1 ▁Wing ▁was ▁re organ ised ▁as ▁No . 4 0 2 ▁Wing , ▁incorpor ating ▁a ▁newly ▁re - formed ▁No . 4 8 1 ▁Squadron ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁We apon ▁Systems ▁Support ▁Flight ▁and ▁Field ▁Training ▁Flight . ▁No . 4 0 2 ▁Wing ▁transferred ▁its ▁functions ▁to ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ' s ▁flying ▁squad rons ▁on ▁ 3 1 J uly ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁before ▁dis band ing ▁in ▁October . ▁The ▁same
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▁year , ▁No . 2 5 ▁Squadron ▁was ▁split , ▁its ▁Mac ch is ▁now ▁being ▁operated ▁by ▁a ▁re - formed ▁No . 7 9 ▁Squadron . ▁No . 7 8 ▁Wing ▁was ▁re - est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁as ▁an ▁operational ▁training ▁formation , ▁taking ▁over ▁N os . 7 6 ▁and ▁ 7 9 ▁Squad rons , ▁and ▁No . 2 ▁O CU . ▁By ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁No . 2 ▁O CU ▁had ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing . ▁ ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁No . 7 7 ▁Squadron ▁flew ▁the ▁F AC ▁PC - 9 s ▁previously ▁operated ▁by ▁No . 7 6 ▁Squadron ; ▁this ▁role ▁was ▁subsequently ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁newly ▁formed ▁For ward ▁Air ▁Control ▁Development ▁Unit . ▁A ▁det achment ▁of ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing , ▁consisting ▁of ▁Horn ets ▁from ▁No . 7 5 ▁Squadron ▁and ▁PC - 9 s ▁from ▁No . 7 7 ▁Squadron , ▁was ▁prepared ▁to ▁support ▁IN TER F ET ▁operations ▁in ▁East ▁Tim or ▁between ▁September ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁and ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁required . ▁Following ▁the ▁September ▁ 1 1 ▁attacks ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁Horn ets ▁from ▁both ▁No . 3 ▁and ▁No . 7 7
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▁Squad rons ▁were ▁deployed ▁for ▁air ▁defence ▁at ▁the ▁USA F ▁base ▁on ▁Diego ▁Gar cia ; ▁no ▁combat ▁ens ued ▁and ▁the ▁planes ▁returned ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁That ▁year , ▁Horn ets ▁from ▁No . 7 5 ▁Squadron ▁under to ok ▁combat ▁air ▁patrol s ▁in ▁connection ▁with ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁He ads ▁of ▁Government ▁Meeting ▁in ▁Queensland . ▁ ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁R AA F ▁Air ▁Command ' s ▁new ▁Air ▁Com bat ▁Group ▁when ▁TF G ▁merged ▁with ▁St rike ▁Re con naissance ▁Group ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁The ▁following ▁year , ▁ 1 4 ▁Horn ets ▁from ▁No . 7 5 ▁Squadron ▁deployed ▁to ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁invasion ▁of ▁Iraq , ▁escort ing ▁high - value ▁Coal ition ▁aircraft ▁and ▁later ▁providing ▁close ▁air ▁support ▁to ▁ground ▁troops ▁and ▁air ▁inter diction ▁against ▁Iraq i ▁forces , ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁the ▁R AA F ▁had ▁delivered ▁bombs ▁in ▁anger ▁since ▁the ▁Vietnam ▁War . ▁The ▁Horn ets ▁were ▁led ▁by ▁Wing ▁Commander ▁Mel ▁H up feld , ▁who ▁became ▁Officer ▁Command ing ▁No . 8 1 ▁Wing ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 – 0 7 , ▁Commander ▁Air ▁Com bat ▁Group ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 – 1 2 , ▁and ▁subsequently ▁Air ▁Commander ▁Australia . ▁The ▁Horn ets ▁have ▁also ▁continued ▁to ▁play ▁an ▁air ▁defence ▁role ▁in ▁secur ing ▁high - profile ▁events ▁in ▁Australia
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, ▁including ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁in ▁Melbourne , ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁A PE C ▁meeting ▁in ▁Sydney , ▁and ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁visit ▁by ▁US ▁President ▁Bar ack ▁Obama . ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁six ▁F / A - 1 8 As ▁from ▁No . 7 5 ▁Squadron ▁deployed ▁to ▁the ▁Middle ▁East ▁under ▁Operation ▁Ok ra , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁military ▁intervention ▁against ▁IS IL . ▁The ▁aircraft ▁replaced ▁a ▁det achment ▁of ▁six ▁F / A - 1 8 F ▁Super ▁Horn ets ▁from ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁Squadron ; ▁the ▁Chief ▁of ▁Air ▁Force , ▁Air ▁Marshal ▁Geoff ▁Brown , ▁announced ▁that ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁" class ic " ▁Horn et ▁squad rons ▁would ▁rot ate ▁through ▁the ▁region ▁for ▁combat ▁operations ▁every ▁six ▁months ▁before ▁the ▁Super ▁Horn ets ▁returned , ▁for ▁the ▁duration ▁of ▁the ▁deployment . ▁No . 7 7 ▁Squadron ▁took ▁over ▁from ▁No . 7 5 ▁Squadron ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁and ▁handed ▁over ▁to ▁the ▁next ▁rotation ▁from ▁No . 3 ▁Squadron ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Mc Don nell ▁Douglas ▁F / A - 1 8 ▁Horn et ▁in ▁Australian ▁service ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁▁▁ 8 1 ▁ 8 1 ▁Category : B rit ish ▁Commonwealth ▁Occ up ation ▁Force <0x0A> </s> ▁Met all ograp he us ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of
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▁long horn ▁be et les ▁of ▁the ▁sub family ▁L ami ina e , ▁containing ▁the ▁following ▁species : ▁▁ ▁Met all ograp he us ▁al bol ine atus ▁Bre uning , ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁ ▁Met all ograp he us ▁ang ol ensis ▁Bre uning , ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁ ▁Met all ograp he us ▁g h ana ensis ▁Bre uning , ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Des m ip hor ini <0x0A> </s> ▁Ant oine ▁Charles ▁Lag ani ère ▁( born ▁July ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁professional ▁ice ▁hockey ▁forward ▁who ▁is ▁currently ▁playing ▁for ▁the ▁Stra ub ing ▁Tig ers ▁of ▁the ▁De utsche ▁E ish ockey ▁Liga ▁( DE L ). ▁ ▁Play ing ▁career ▁Und raft ed , ▁Lag ani ère ▁played ▁colleg iate ▁hockey ▁with ▁the ▁Yale ▁Bul ld ogs ▁in ▁the ▁EC AC . ▁In ▁his ▁senior ▁season ▁with ▁the ▁Bul ld ogs ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 – 1 3 , ▁Lag ani ère ▁was ▁a ▁f ocal ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁offense , ▁placing ▁third ▁amongst ▁Yale ▁in ▁contributing ▁with ▁ 1 5 ▁goals ▁and ▁ 2 9 ▁points ▁in ▁ 3 7 ▁games , ▁to ▁help ▁the ▁Bul ld ogs ▁advance ▁to ▁the ▁Fro zen ▁Four ▁and ▁capture ▁the ▁college ' s ▁first ▁NC AA ▁Division ▁ 1 ▁Championship ▁title . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁as
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▁a ▁cov eted ▁free ▁agent , ▁Lag ani ère ▁agreed ▁to ▁a ▁one - year , ▁entry - level ▁contract ▁with ▁the ▁Ana heim ▁D ucks ▁of ▁the ▁National ▁Hockey ▁League . ▁In ▁his ▁first ▁professional ▁season ▁after ▁attending ▁the ▁D ucks ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁training ▁camp ▁he ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁American ▁Hockey ▁League ▁primary ▁affiliate , ▁the ▁Nor folk ▁Ad mir als ▁for ▁the ▁duration ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁campaign . ▁He ▁established ▁himself ▁as ▁a ▁regular ▁for ▁Nor folk ▁appearing ▁in ▁ 7 2 ▁games ▁for ▁ 1 0 ▁goals ▁and ▁ 1 8 ▁points . ▁On ▁July ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁agreed ▁to ▁a ▁one - year , ▁two - way ▁extension ▁to ▁remain ▁with ▁the ▁D ucks . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁second ▁season ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁Nor folk ▁Ad mir als ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 – 1 5 , ▁Lag ani ère ▁increased ▁his ▁offensive ▁output ▁with ▁ 1 4 ▁goals ▁and ▁ 2 1 ▁points ▁in ▁ 7 3 ▁games . ▁As ▁an ▁restricted ▁free ▁agent ▁from ▁the ▁D ucks , ▁Lag ani ère ▁was ▁not ▁signed ▁to ▁another ▁N HL ▁contract ▁by ▁the ▁D ucks , ▁however ▁remained ▁in ▁the ▁organization ▁by ▁agree ing ▁to ▁an ▁A HL ▁contract ▁with ▁inaug ural ▁affiliate , ▁the ▁San ▁Diego ▁G ull s ▁on ▁July ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁After ▁concl uding ▁his ▁first ▁season ▁with ▁San
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▁Diego ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 – 1 6 ▁and ▁having ▁again ▁increased ▁his ▁contribution ▁within ▁the ▁team , ▁Lag ani ère ▁agreed ▁to ▁return ▁for ▁his ▁fourth ▁season ▁within ▁the ▁D ucks ▁organization ▁in ▁signing ▁a ▁one - year ▁extension ▁with ▁the ▁G ull s ▁on ▁September ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 6 – 1 7 ▁season , ▁Lag ani ère ▁made ▁his ▁ 2 0 0 th ▁appearance ▁in ▁the ▁A HL , ▁and ▁established ▁a ▁career ▁high ▁of ▁ 2 1 ▁goals ▁and ▁ 1 6 ▁ass ists ▁for ▁ 3 7 ▁points ▁in ▁ 6 4 ▁games . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁free ▁agent ▁in ▁the ▁off - season , ▁Lag ani ère ▁ended ▁his ▁association ▁with ▁the ▁D ucks ▁in ▁opt ing ▁to ▁pursue ▁a ▁career ▁abroad ▁by ▁signing ▁a ▁one - year ▁contract ▁with ▁Finn ish ▁club , ▁Ä ss ät ▁P ori ▁of ▁the ▁Li iga ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁season , ▁Lag ani ère ▁made ▁a ▁quick ▁transition ▁to ▁the ▁Finn ish ▁game , ▁leading ▁the ▁club ▁with ▁ 1 7 ▁goals ▁and ▁placing ▁second ▁with ▁ 3 5 ▁points ▁in ▁ 5 7 ▁games . ▁Having ▁progress ed ▁through ▁the ▁Wild ▁Card ▁round , ▁he ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁help ▁Ä ss ät ▁progress ▁past ▁the ▁qual ifying ▁round ▁in ▁a ▁ 4 - 1 ▁series ▁defeat
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▁to ▁O ul un ▁K är p ät , ▁contributing ▁with ▁ 4 ▁points ▁in ▁ 7 ▁games . ▁ ▁Lag ani ère ▁left ▁Finland ▁after ▁one ▁season , ▁opt ing ▁to ▁continue ▁his ▁European ▁career ▁in ▁Germany , ▁secur ing ▁a ▁one - year ▁deal ▁with ▁the ▁Stra ub ing ▁Tig ers ▁of ▁the ▁D EL ▁on ▁June ▁ 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Career ▁statistics ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁hon ours ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : Ä ss ät ▁players ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁ice ▁hockey ▁for wards ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁people ▁from ▁Quebec ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : N or folk ▁Ad mir als ▁players ▁Category : San ▁Diego ▁G ull s ▁( A HL ) ▁players ▁Category : S tra ub ing ▁Tig ers ▁players ▁Category : Y ale ▁Bul ld ogs ▁men ' s ▁ice ▁hockey ▁players ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁exp atri ate ▁ice ▁hockey ▁players ▁in ▁Finland <0x0A> </s> ▁An net te ▁Carol ▁B ening ▁( born ▁May ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 8 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁actress . ▁She ▁began ▁her ▁career ▁on ▁stage ▁with ▁the ▁Colorado ▁Shakespeare ▁Festival ▁company ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁and ▁played ▁Lady ▁Mac b eth ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁at ▁the ▁American ▁Conserv atory ▁Theater . ▁She ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁Tony ▁Award ▁for
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▁Best ▁Feature d ▁Act ress ▁in ▁a ▁Play ▁for ▁her ▁Broadway ▁debut ▁in ▁Coast al ▁Dist urb ances ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Tony ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Act ress ▁in ▁a ▁Play ▁for ▁All ▁My ▁S ons . ▁She ▁is ▁a ▁four - time ▁Academy ▁Award ▁nom ine e ▁for ▁the ▁films : ▁The ▁Gr if ters ▁( 1 9 9 0 ), ▁American ▁Beaut y ▁( 1 9 9 9 ), ▁Being ▁Julia ▁( 2 0 0 4 ), ▁and ▁The ▁Kids ▁Are ▁All ▁Right ▁( 2 0 1 0 ). ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁she ▁received ▁a ▁film ▁star ▁on ▁the ▁Hollywood ▁Walk ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁B ening ▁won ▁the ▁BA FT A ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Act ress ▁and ▁the ▁Screen ▁Act ors ▁G uild ▁Award ▁for ▁Performance ▁by ▁a ▁Fem ale ▁A ctor ▁in ▁a ▁Lead ing ▁Role ▁for ▁American ▁Beaut y , ▁two ▁Golden ▁Gl obe ▁Awards ▁for ▁Being ▁Julia ▁and ▁The ▁Kids ▁Are ▁All ▁Right , ▁and ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁Prim etime ▁Em my ▁Award ▁for ▁Out standing ▁Lead ▁Act ress ▁in ▁a ▁Min iser ies ▁or ▁a ▁Movie ▁for ▁Mrs . ▁Harris . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁she ▁played ▁the ▁roles ▁of ▁Supreme ▁Intelligence ▁and ▁Mar - V ell ▁/ ▁Wend y ▁Law son ▁in ▁the ▁Marvel ▁Cin em atic ▁Universe ' s ▁Captain ▁Marvel , ▁which ▁became ▁her ▁highest ▁gross ing ▁release . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁B ening ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁To pe ka ,
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▁Kansas , ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁Shir ley ▁K atherine ▁( née ▁Ash ley ; ▁b . ▁ 1 9 2 9 ) ▁and ▁Ar nett ▁Grant ▁B ening ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 2 6 ). ▁Her ▁mother ▁was ▁a ▁church ▁singer ▁and ▁solo ist , ▁and ▁her ▁father ▁was ▁a ▁sales ▁training ▁consultant ▁and ▁insurance ▁sales man . ▁Her ▁parents , ▁nat ives ▁of ▁Iowa , ▁were ▁practicing ▁Ep isc op al ians ▁and ▁conservative ▁Republicans . ▁She ▁is ▁of ▁mostly ▁German ▁and ▁English ▁descent . ▁ ▁The ▁youngest ▁of ▁four ▁children , ▁she ▁has ▁an ▁older ▁sister ▁Jane ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 3 ), ▁and ▁two ▁older ▁brothers ▁Brad ley ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 5 ) ▁and ▁By ron ▁( b . ▁ 1 9 5 7 ). ▁The ▁family ▁moved ▁to ▁W ich ita , ▁Kansas , ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁where ▁she ▁spent ▁her ▁early ▁childhood . ▁In ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁her ▁father ▁took ▁a ▁job ▁with ▁a ▁company ▁in ▁San ▁Diego , ▁California , ▁and ▁they ▁moved ▁there . ▁ ▁She ▁began ▁acting ▁in ▁junior ▁high ▁school , ▁playing ▁the ▁lead ▁in ▁The ▁Sound ▁of ▁Music . ▁She ▁graduated ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁from ▁Patrick ▁Henry ▁High ▁School , ▁where ▁she ▁studied ▁drama . ▁She ▁then ▁spent ▁a ▁year ▁working ▁as ▁a ▁cook ▁on ▁a ▁char ter ▁boat ▁taking ▁fishing ▁parties ▁out ▁on ▁the ▁Pacific ▁Ocean , ▁and ▁sc uba ▁d iving ▁for
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▁rec reation . ▁B ening ▁attended ▁San ▁Diego ▁M esa ▁College , ▁then ▁graduated ▁with ▁a ▁BA ▁in ▁Theatre ▁Arts ▁at ▁San ▁Francisco ▁State ▁University . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁B ening ▁began ▁her ▁career ▁on ▁stage ▁with ▁the ▁Colorado ▁Shakespeare ▁Festival ▁company ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 , ▁and ▁appeared ▁in ▁plays ▁at ▁the ▁San ▁Diego ▁Re pert ory ▁Theatre . ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁acting ▁company ▁at ▁the ▁American ▁Conserv atory ▁Theater ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco ▁while ▁studying ▁acting ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Advanced ▁Theatre ▁Training ▁Program . ▁There , ▁she ▁star red ▁in ▁such ▁produ ctions ▁as ▁Shakespeare ' s ▁Mac b eth ▁as ▁Lady ▁Mac b eth . ▁B ening ▁also ▁star red ▁in ▁produ ctions ▁of ▁Py g mal ion ▁and ▁The ▁Cher ry ▁Or ch ard ▁at ▁the ▁Denver ▁Center ▁Theatre ▁Company ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 – 8 6 ▁season . ▁She ▁made ▁her ▁Broadway ▁debut ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 , ▁gar ner ing ▁a ▁Tony ▁Award ▁nom ination ▁for ▁Best ▁Feature d ▁Act ress ▁in ▁a ▁Play ▁for ▁her ▁performance ▁in ▁Coast al ▁Dist urb ances . ▁ ▁B ening ▁made ▁her ▁film ▁debut ▁in ▁The ▁Great ▁Out doors ▁( 1 9 8 8 ) ▁and ▁co - star red ▁with ▁Colin ▁F irth ▁in ▁Val mont ▁( 1 9 8 9 ). ▁She ▁made ▁her ▁break out ▁role ▁in ▁The ▁Gr if ters ▁( 1 9 9 0 ), ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁Academy ▁Award ▁for
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▁Best ▁Support ing ▁Act ress . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁she ▁port rayed ▁Virginia ▁Hill ▁in ▁Barry ▁Lev inson ' s ▁bi opic ▁Bug sy , ▁alongside ▁Warren ▁Beat ty . ▁B ening ▁co - star red ▁with ▁Harrison ▁Ford ▁in ▁Reg arding ▁Henry . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁B ening ▁and ▁Beat ty ▁star red ▁together ▁again , ▁in ▁Love ▁Aff air . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁B ening ▁played ▁the ▁female ▁lead ▁in ▁The ▁American ▁President , ▁with ▁Michael ▁Douglas , ▁a ▁role ▁she ▁followed ▁with ▁Tim ▁Bur ton ' s ▁sc i - fi ▁spo of ▁Mars ▁Att acks ! ▁( 1 9 9 6 ), ▁and ▁The ▁Sie ge ▁( 1 9 9 8 ), ▁a ▁thr iller ▁with ▁Den zel ▁Washington ▁and ▁Bruce ▁Will is . ▁B ening ▁star red ▁in ▁Sam ▁Mend es ' ▁director ial ▁debut ▁film ▁American ▁Beaut y ▁( 1 9 9 9 ). ▁The ▁film ▁won ▁five ▁Academy ▁Awards , ▁including ▁for ▁Best ▁Picture . ▁For ▁her ▁performance , ▁she ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁an ▁Academy ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Act ress ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁Screen ▁Act ors ▁G uild ▁Award ▁for ▁Out standing ▁Performance ▁by ▁a ▁Fem ale ▁A ctor ▁in ▁a ▁Lead ing ▁Role . ▁B ening ▁star red ▁in ▁other ▁films , ▁including ▁In ▁Dream s ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁and ▁What ▁Plan et ▁Are ▁You ▁From ? ▁( 2 0 0 0 ). ▁ ▁B ening ▁played ▁Sue ▁B arl
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ow ▁in ▁Open ▁Range ▁( 2 0 0 3 ). ▁She ▁played ▁the ▁title ▁role ▁in ▁Being ▁Julia ▁( 2 0 0 4 ), ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁won ▁a ▁Golden ▁Gl obe , ▁N BR ▁Best ▁Act ress , ▁was ▁a ▁runner - up ▁for ▁NY F CC ▁and ▁was ▁nominated ▁by ▁S AG ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁Academy ▁Award ▁for ▁her ▁performance . ▁She ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁Prim etime ▁Em my ▁Award ▁for ▁her ▁role ▁of ▁Jean ▁Harris ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁H BO ▁film ▁Mrs . ▁Harris . ▁She ▁replaced ▁Julian ne ▁Moore ▁to ▁star ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁adaptation ▁of ▁Running ▁with ▁Sc iss ors ▁( 2 0 0 6 ), ▁for ▁which ▁she ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁Golden ▁Gl obe . ▁B ening ▁star red ▁in ▁The ▁Women ▁( 2 0 0 8 ) ▁rem ake . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁B ening ▁star red ▁in ▁a ▁new ▁interpretation ▁of ▁the ▁E ur ip ides ▁classic ▁Med ea ▁at ▁U CL A ' s ▁Freud ▁Play house . ▁She ▁received ▁positive ▁reviews ▁for ▁her ▁performance ▁in ▁the ▁independent ▁film ▁Mother ▁and ▁Child ▁( 2 0 0 9 ). ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁she ▁star red ▁in ▁Jo anna ▁Murray - Sm ith ' s ▁comedy ▁The ▁Fem ale ▁of ▁the ▁Spec ies ▁at ▁the ▁Ge ffen ▁Play house ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles . ▁Later ▁that ▁year , ▁B ening ▁received ▁strong ▁critical ▁ac claim ▁for ▁her ▁performance ▁in ▁The ▁Kids ▁Are ▁All ▁Right
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, ▁with ▁several ▁review ers ▁noting ▁that ▁she ▁" des erves ▁an ▁Oscar " ▁for ▁her ▁" sub l ime " ▁performance . ▁For ▁her ▁role , ▁B ening ▁won ▁a ▁Golden ▁Gl obe , ▁NY FF C ▁Best ▁Act ress , ▁was ▁runner - up ▁for ▁NS FC , ▁and ▁was ▁nominated ▁by ▁S AG ▁and ▁BA FT A ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁Academy ▁Award . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁B ening ' s ▁aud i ob ook ▁recording ▁of ▁Virginia ▁W ool f ' s ▁Mrs . ▁D allow ay ▁was ▁released ▁at ▁Aud ible . com . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁she ▁star red ▁in ▁Shakespeare ' s ▁King ▁Lear ▁at ▁the ▁Del ac orte ▁Theater ▁in ▁Central ▁Park , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Public ▁Theatre ' s ▁Free ▁Shakespeare ▁in ▁the ▁Park . ▁It ▁marked ▁her ▁first ▁New ▁York ▁stage ▁appearance ▁in ▁twenty ▁years . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁B ening ▁star red ▁in ▁Mike ▁M ills ' s ▁comedy - dr ama ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century ▁Women ▁alongside ▁Elle ▁F anning , ▁Gre ta ▁Ger wig , ▁and ▁Billy ▁Cru dup . ▁She ▁earned ▁a ▁Golden ▁Gl obe ▁nom ination ▁for ▁her ▁performance ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁she ▁appeared ▁in ▁Film ▁Stars ▁Don ' t ▁Die ▁in ▁Liverpool ▁as ▁Gl oria ▁Gra h ame ▁alongside ▁Jamie ▁Bell , ▁Van essa ▁Red gr ave , ▁and ▁Julie ▁Wal ters . ▁She ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁a ▁BA
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FT A ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Act ress ▁in ▁a ▁Lead ing ▁Role ▁for ▁her ▁performance . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁B ening ▁returned ▁to ▁the ▁Broadway ▁stage ▁after ▁a ▁ 3 2 - year ▁absence . ▁She ▁star red ▁in ▁the ▁rev ival ▁of ▁Arthur ▁Miller ' s ▁All ▁My ▁S ons ▁alongside ▁Tr acy ▁Let ts ▁at ▁the ▁Round about ▁Theatre ▁Company ' s ▁American ▁Airlines ▁Theatre . ▁The ▁play ▁opened ▁on ▁April ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁and ▁closed ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁She ▁currently ▁serves ▁as ▁Vice ▁Chair ▁on ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁trust ees ▁for ▁The ▁Act ors ▁Fund . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁B ening ▁married ▁ch ore ographer ▁James ▁Steven ▁White ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁They ▁divor ced ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 . ▁B ening ▁married ▁Warren ▁Beat ty ▁on ▁March ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁They ▁have ▁four ▁children . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁nom inations ▁ ▁Academy ▁Awards ▁ ▁Prim etime ▁Em my ▁Awards ▁ ▁Tony ▁Awards ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁An net te ▁B ening ▁at ▁Em mys . com ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁actress es ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁actress es ▁Category : Act ress es ▁from ▁Kansas ▁Category : Act ress es ▁from
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▁San ▁Diego ▁Category : Act ress es ▁of ▁British ▁descent ▁Category : Act ress es ▁of ▁German ▁descent ▁Category : Act ors ▁from ▁To pe ka , ▁Kansas ▁Category : Act ors ▁from ▁W ich ita , ▁Kansas ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁English ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁German ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁film ▁actress es ▁Category : American ▁Shakespeare an ▁actress es ▁Category : American ▁stage ▁actress es ▁Category : American ▁television ▁actress es ▁Category : Best ▁Act ress ▁BA FT A ▁Award ▁winners ▁Category : Best ▁Mus ical ▁or ▁Com edy ▁Act ress ▁Golden ▁Gl obe ▁( film ) ▁winners ▁Category : K ansas ▁Democrats ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Out standing ▁Performance ▁by ▁a ▁Cast ▁in ▁a ▁M otion ▁Picture ▁Screen ▁Act ors ▁G uild ▁Award ▁winners ▁Category : Out standing ▁Performance ▁by ▁a ▁Fem ale ▁A ctor ▁in ▁a ▁Lead ing ▁Role ▁Screen ▁Act ors ▁G uild ▁Award ▁winners ▁Category : Pat rick ▁Henry ▁High ▁School ▁( Cal ifornia ) ▁al umn i ▁Category : San ▁Francisco ▁State ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : San ▁Diego ▁M esa ▁College ▁al umn i <0x0A> </s> ▁C éc ile ▁Pap ier ▁( 5 ▁May ▁ 1 8 4 5 ▁– ▁ 8 ▁March ▁ 1 9 1 5 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Luxem bourg ian ▁social ite ▁of ▁the ▁B elle ▁É poque . ▁ ▁Biography ▁ ▁C éc ile ▁Pap ier ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Luxem bourg , ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁Charles - Er n est ▁Pap ier
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▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Marg uer itte ▁Val er ius ▁on ▁her ▁father ' s ▁side ▁she ▁was ▁desc ended ▁from ▁a ▁long ▁line ▁of ▁iron mas ters ▁managing ▁a ▁great ▁number ▁of ▁for ges ▁in ▁the ▁D uch y ▁of ▁Luxem bourg ▁and ▁Grand ▁D uch y ▁of ▁Luxem bourg , ▁and ▁this ▁from ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 7 th ▁century ▁on . ▁During ▁her ▁first ▁marriage ▁to ▁Henri ▁Ed ou ard , ▁bar on ▁de ▁Mar ches , ▁the ▁couple ▁res ided ▁in ▁Col p ach ▁Castle ▁and ▁their ▁Paris ▁h ôt el ▁particul ier . ▁They ▁trav elled ▁extens ively ▁abroad ▁and ▁sponsored ▁promising ▁young ▁artists , ▁among ▁them ▁M ih ály ▁M unk á cs y ▁a ▁talented ▁Hung arian ▁painter . ▁ ▁After ▁her ▁first ▁husband ' s ▁prem ature ▁death ▁she ▁married ▁M ih ály ▁M unk á cs y ▁who ▁was ▁to ▁become ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁greatest ▁Hung arian ▁pain ters ▁renown ed ▁for ▁his ▁genre ▁pictures ▁and ▁large - scale ▁b iblical ▁paintings . ▁The ▁guest ▁lists ▁of ▁people ▁attending ▁their ▁social ▁events ▁both ▁in ▁Luxem bourg ▁and ▁Paris ▁read ▁like ▁the ▁who ▁is ▁who ▁of ▁the ▁B elle ▁É poque . ▁Among ▁their ▁distinguished ▁guests ▁we ▁find ▁her ▁relatives , ▁the ▁B ian - Br asse ur , ▁Luxem bourg ▁steel ▁magn ates , ▁and ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Luxem bourg ▁government ▁like ▁the ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Paul ▁E y schen . ▁Among ▁the ▁international ▁personal ities ▁we ▁should ▁highlight ▁the ▁musicians ▁and ▁compos ers ▁Franz ▁Lis
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zt ▁who ▁gave ▁his ▁last ▁piano ▁rec ital ▁in ▁Luxem bourg , ▁Anton ▁Rub in stein , ▁Charles ▁G oun od , ▁J ules ▁Mass en et , ▁Charles - Mar ie ▁W id or , ▁Ign acy ▁Jan ▁Pad ere w ski ▁( l ater ▁President ▁of ▁Poland ), ▁J ules ▁Mass en et , ▁Cam ille ▁Saint - Sa ë ns ▁and ▁most ▁probably ▁Richard ▁W agner ▁and ▁not ▁to ▁forget ▁Sir ▁Alexander ▁Campbell ▁Mack enz ie , ▁Knight ▁Commander ▁of ▁the ▁Royal ▁Victorian ▁Order . ▁Among ▁the ▁politicians ▁we ▁should ▁point ▁out ▁Raymond ▁Po inc ar é , ▁President ▁and ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁of ▁France , ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁diplom atic ▁corps ▁like ▁the ▁count ▁Fr éd éric ▁de ▁Pour tal ès ▁and ▁the ▁ro c amb oles que ▁Cam ille ▁Arm and ▁J ules ▁Marie , ▁Prince ▁de ▁Pol ign ac . ▁Among ▁the ▁writers , ▁An at ole ▁France , ▁Al ph on se ▁D aud et , ▁Alexand re ▁Dum as ▁fils , ▁Em ile ▁Z ola ▁and ▁many ▁more . ▁Among ▁the ▁big ▁industrial ists , ▁Ferd inand ▁de ▁Les se ps , ▁constructor ▁of ▁the ▁Sue z ▁canal , ▁and ▁the ▁magn ate ▁of ▁journal ism ▁Joseph ▁Pul itzer ▁and ▁the ▁journalist ▁É d ou ard ▁H erv é . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 5 ▁deaths ▁Category : 1 8 4 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : S ocial ites ▁Category : L ux em bourg ian ▁women ▁Category : History ▁of
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▁Luxem bourg <0x0A> </s> ▁Heinrich ▁Theod or ▁R ö ts cher ▁( 2 0 ▁September ▁ 1 8 0 3 ▁– ▁ 9 ▁April ▁ 1 8 7 1 ) ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁theatre ▁critic ▁and ▁the or ist . ▁ ▁Biography ▁R ö ts cher ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁M itten wal de , ▁and ▁studied ▁phil ology ▁and ▁philosophy ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Berlin . ▁From ▁ 1 8 2 8 ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁gym nas ium ▁teacher ▁in ▁B rom berg ▁( mod ern - day ▁By d gos z cz , ▁Poland ). ▁In ▁ 1 8 4 2 ▁he ▁moved ▁back ▁to ▁Berlin ▁and ▁dedicated ▁himself ▁to ▁writing ▁and ▁the or izing ▁about ▁theatre . ▁ ▁In ▁Berlin , ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁dramatic ▁critic ▁for ▁the ▁Sp en ers che ▁Zeit ung . ▁ ▁Se lected ▁works ▁ ▁Arist oph anes ▁und ▁sein ▁Ze ital ter , ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁understand ▁the ▁ancient ▁Greek ▁comed ian ▁Arist oph anes ▁in ▁light ▁of ▁H eg el ' s ▁philosophy ▁( 1 8 2 7 ) ▁ ▁Ab hand l ungen ▁zur ▁Philosoph ie ▁der ▁Kunst , ▁also ▁strongly ▁t ing ed ▁with ▁H eg el ian ism ▁( 1 8 3 7 – 4 7 ) ▁ ▁Die ▁Kunst ▁der ▁dram at ischen ▁Dar stellung , ▁his ▁principal ▁work : ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁treat ▁theatre ▁criticism ▁in ▁a ▁scientific ▁manner ▁( 1 8 4 1 – 4 6 ; ▁ 2 nd ▁ed . ▁ 1 8 6 4 )
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▁ ▁Das ▁Schaus p iel w esen ▁( 1 8 4 3 ) ▁ ▁Über ▁By rons ▁Man fred ▁( 1 8 4 4 ) ▁ ▁Se yd el mann s ▁Leben ▁und ▁W ir ken ▁( 1 8 4 5 ) ▁ ▁Shakespeare ▁in ▁seinen ▁hö ch sten ▁Char akter geb ild en ▁( 1 8 6 4 ) ▁ ▁Dr am at urg ische ▁und ▁ä st het ische ▁Ab hand l ungen ▁( 1 8 6 4 , ▁ 1 8 6 7 ) ▁ ▁Dr am at urg ische ▁Bl ät ter ▁( 1 8 6 5 ) ▁ ▁Ent wick el ung ▁dram at ischer ▁Char ak tere ▁aus ▁Less ings , ▁Sch ill ers ▁und ▁Go et hes ▁Wer ken ▁( 1 8 6 9 ) ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Arist oph anes ▁und ▁sein ▁Ze ital ter ▁at ▁Google ▁Books ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁( page ▁image ▁at ▁Wik imedia ▁Commons ) ▁▁▁ ▁A ▁P allas ▁n agy ▁le x ik ona ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 0 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 8 7 1 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁M itten wal de ▁Category : G erman ▁academ ics ▁Category : G erman ▁journalists ▁Category : G erman ▁male ▁journalists ▁Category : G erman ▁critics ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁German ▁journalists ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁German ▁male ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁or ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Academ ics ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson
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▁( ac adem ic ) ▁( 1 9 2 9 – 2 0 1 9 ), ▁Australian ▁academic ▁ ▁Richard ▁C . ▁Johnson ▁( 1 9 3 7 / 8 – 2 0 1 0 ), ▁professor ▁of ▁electrical ▁engineering ▁ ▁Richard ▁A . ▁Johnson , ▁artist ▁and ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁New ▁Orleans ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson , ▁former ▁director ▁of ▁the ▁Birmingham ▁Centre ▁for ▁Cont emporary ▁Cultural ▁Studies ▁ ▁Arts ▁and ▁entertainment ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( war ▁artist ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 6 ), ▁Canadian ▁journalist ▁and ▁war ▁artist ▁Richard ▁S . ▁Johnson ▁( art ist ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 9 ), ▁American ▁painter ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( actor ) ▁( 1 9 2 7 – 2 0 1 5 ), ▁English ▁actor ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( column ist ), ▁American ▁g ossip ▁column ist ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( direct or ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 4 ), ▁American ▁film ▁director ▁who ▁founded ▁Jo yst ick ▁Films ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁( cl ar inet ist ) ▁( 1 9 2 5 – 2 0 1 0 ), ▁musician , ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁Art ie ▁Shaw ▁band ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( 1 6 th ▁century ) ▁( 1 5 7 3 – c . ▁ 1 6 5 9 ), ▁romance ▁writer ▁ ▁Richard ▁B . ▁Johnson ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 3 ), ▁Ab omin able ▁Fire bug ▁author ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( p ian ist ) ▁( born
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▁ 1 9 7 5 ), ▁American ▁composer , ▁jazz ▁pian ist , ▁and ▁music ▁professor ▁Richard ▁" D ick " ▁Johnson , ▁subject ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁documentary ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁Is ▁Dead ▁▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson , ▁alias ▁of ▁the ▁band it ▁Ram ire z ▁in ▁Gi ac omo ▁P ucc ini ' s ▁La ▁f anc i ull a ▁del ▁West ▁ ▁A vi ation ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁( test ▁pilot ) ▁( 1 9 1 7 – 2 0 0 2 ), ▁founding ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Society ▁of ▁Exper imental ▁Test ▁Pil ots ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁( gl ider ▁pilot ) ▁( 1 9 2 3 – 2 0 0 8 ), ▁gl ider ▁pilot , ▁a eron aut ical ▁engineer ▁and ▁writer ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson , ▁test - p il ot ▁of ▁the ▁X - 4 ▁B ant am ▁ ▁Law ▁and ▁politics ▁ ▁Richard ▁M ent or ▁Johnson ▁( 1 7 8 0 – 1 8 5 0 ), ▁American ▁politician ▁and ▁Vice ▁President ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( may or ), ▁American ▁politician ▁and ▁city ▁manager ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( jud ge ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 3 7 ), ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁High ▁Court ▁of ▁Ireland ▁ ▁Sports ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( cr ick eter , ▁born ▁ 1 8 2 9 ) ▁( 1 8 2 9 – 1 8 5 1 ), ▁English ▁cr ick eter ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( cr ick eter , ▁born ▁
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1 9 7 4 ), ▁English ▁cr ick eter ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( cr ick eter , ▁born ▁ 1 9 7 9 ), ▁former ▁English ▁cr ick eter ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( cr ick eter , ▁born ▁ 1 9 8 8 ), ▁cr ick eter ▁for ▁War wick shire ▁County ▁Cr icket ▁Club ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( g ol fer ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 2 ), ▁Wel sh ▁professional ▁gol fer ▁ ▁Richard ▁S . ▁Johnson ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 6 ), ▁Swedish ▁professional ▁gol fer ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( rug by ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 5 ), ▁Wel sh ▁rugby ▁football er ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( rug by ▁league ▁born ▁ 1 9 8 5 ), ▁rugby ▁league ▁player ▁for ▁Brad ford ▁Bull s ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁( foot ball er ) ▁( 1 8 9 5 – 1 9 3 3 ), ▁English ▁football er ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( soc cer ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 4 ), ▁Australian ▁football er ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( def ensive ▁back ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 3 ), ▁former ▁NFL ▁corner back ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( wide ▁receiver ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 1 ), ▁former ▁NFL ▁wide ▁receiver ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁( r acing ▁driver ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 5 ), ▁Australian ▁racing ▁driver ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁Racing , ▁an ▁Australian ▁motor ▁racing ▁team ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( j ockey ) ▁( born ▁
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1 9 7 7 ), ▁British ▁j ockey ▁ ▁Richard ▁F ul ke ▁Johnson ▁H ought on ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 0 ), ▁British ▁race hor se ▁trainer ▁ ▁But ch ▁Johnson ▁( Rich ard ▁Andrew ▁Johnson , ▁born ▁ 1 9 5 5 ), ▁American ▁Olympic ▁medal ist ▁in ▁arch ery ▁ ▁Rich ▁Johnson ▁( b asket ball ) ▁( 1 9 4 6 – 1 9 9 4 ), ▁American ▁basketball ▁player ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁( rug by ▁league ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 1 6 ), ▁Australian ▁rugby ▁league ▁player ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁( s ail or ) ▁( 1 9 2 3 – 2 0 0 5 ), ▁sail or ▁from ▁United ▁States ▁Virgin ▁Islands ▁ ▁Other ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( chap l ain ) ▁( c . ▁ 1 7 5 3 – 1 8 2 7 ), ▁chap l ain ▁to ▁first ▁settlement ▁in ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁ ▁Richard ▁W . ▁Johnson ▁( 1 8 2 7 – 1 8 9 7 ), ▁Civil ▁War ▁brig ad ier ▁general ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( engine er ) ▁( 1 8 2 7 – 1 9 2 4 ), ▁British ▁engineer , ▁chief ▁engineer ▁to ▁the ▁Great ▁Northern ▁Railway ▁ ▁Richard ▁W . ▁Johnson ▁( o cean ographer ) ▁( 1 9 2 9 – 2 0 1 6 ), ▁American ▁ocean ographer ▁ ▁Richard ▁T . ▁Johnson ▁( ? – 2 0 1 5 ), ▁John s ▁Hop kins ▁neu rolog ist ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson
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▁( arch itect ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 6 ), ▁Australian ▁architect ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁( re porter ), ▁American ▁television ▁news ▁anchor ▁and ▁reporter ▁ ▁Richard ▁Johnson ▁( entre pre neur ), ▁founder ▁of ▁hot j obs . com ▁ ▁Dick ▁Johnson ▁Township , ▁Clay ▁County , ▁Indiana ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Rich ▁Johnson ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁ ▁Rick ▁Johnson ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁ ▁Richard ▁John ston ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁ ▁Dick ▁John ston ▁( 1 8 6 3 – 1 9 3 4 ), ▁American ▁baseball ▁player <0x0A> </s> ▁Lauren ce ▁de ▁Boys set ▁( c . ▁ 1 6 3 3 ▁- ▁ 3 ▁February ▁ 1 7 2 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁French - born ▁Dan ish ▁military ▁officer ▁and ▁land owner . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁military ▁career ▁Boys set ▁came ▁to ▁ ▁Denmark ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁Frederick ▁V ▁and ▁began ▁his ▁career ▁in ▁Dan ish ▁service ▁in ▁August ▁ 1 6 8 3 ▁as ▁captain ▁reform e ▁in ▁the ▁Royal ▁Life ▁Gu ards . ▁He ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁major ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 5 , ▁lieutenant ▁colon el ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 0 , ▁and ▁colon el ▁in ▁ 1 6 9 7 . ▁During ▁the ▁brief ▁action ▁on ▁Zealand ▁in ▁ 1 7 0 0 , ▁on ▁ 2 2 ▁July , ▁he ▁f ended ▁off ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁l am nd ▁en erm y ▁troops ▁at ▁Gy ld en l und . ▁Later ▁that
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▁same ▁year ▁he ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁an ▁assistant ▁corps ▁that ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁Sach sen ▁and ▁later ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁Imperial ▁side ▁in ▁the ▁ ▁Italy . ▁In ▁ 1 7 0 2 , ▁he ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁Action ▁at ▁M ant ua . ▁He ▁returned ▁to ▁Denmark ▁in ▁ 1 7 0 3 . ▁▁ ▁He ▁was ▁in ▁n ▁ 1 7 0 6 – 1 3 ▁in ▁British - D utch ▁service ▁at ▁Br ab ant , ▁first ▁with ▁rank ▁of ▁brig ad ier ▁and ▁from ▁ 1 7 0 9 ▁as ▁major - general . ▁He ▁then ▁brought ▁part ▁of ▁his ▁military ▁corps ▁back ▁to ▁Denmark . ▁I ( n ▁ ▁the ▁n ▁the ▁Great ▁Northern ▁War , ▁especially ▁in ▁the ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Str als und ▁and ▁ ▁Inv asion ▁of ▁Rug en . ▁In ▁ 1 7 1 5 , ▁he ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁lieutenant ▁general . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁created ▁a ▁White ▁Knight ▁in ▁ 1 7 1 7 . ▁On ▁ 2 6 ▁August ▁ 1 7 2 0 , ▁he ▁was ▁dismissed ▁with ▁honour ▁but ▁with ▁a ▁very ▁modest ▁pension . ▁ ▁Other ▁activities ▁Boys set ▁purchased ▁Bas n æ s ▁in ▁ 1 7 1 4 ▁and ▁kept ▁it ▁until ▁his ▁death . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁board ▁of ▁directors ▁of ▁Dan ish ▁West ▁India ▁Company . ▁A ▁prolong ed ▁legal ▁dispute ▁between ▁Boys set ▁and ▁the ▁wid ow ▁of ▁general ▁Christian ▁Freder ik ▁B iel ke ▁ended ▁in ▁ 1 7
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2 0 ▁when ▁Boys set ▁was ▁sent enced ▁to ▁pay ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁gy ld en ▁to ▁the ▁king ▁for ▁equipment ▁from ▁the ▁Italian ▁corps . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁He ▁married ▁Marg re the ▁El is abeth ▁Stuart ▁( 1 6 5 3 ▁- ▁ 3 1 ▁July ▁ 1 7 2 3 ) ▁on ▁ 6 ▁January ▁ 1 6 9 1 . ▁▁ ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁ 3 ▁February ▁ 1 7 2 8 ▁at ▁Bas n æ s ▁and ▁is ▁buried ▁at ▁T j æ re by ▁Church . ▁Bas n æ s ▁passed ▁to ▁his ▁son , ▁Christian ▁Freder ik ▁de ▁Boys set ▁( 1 5 8 2 - 1 7 4 4 ). ▁Christian ▁Freder ik ▁de ▁Boys set ▁was ▁from ▁ 1 7 3 0 ▁also ▁the ▁owner ▁of ▁Es pe . ▁He ▁sold ▁both ▁est ates ▁in ▁ 1 7 3 6 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Lauren ce ▁de ▁Boys set ▁ ▁Category : 1 6 3 0 s ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 7 2 8 ▁deaths ▁Category : Dan ish ▁military ▁personnel <0x0A> </s> ▁Bad ▁Bas comb ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 4 6 ▁western ▁film ▁star ring ▁Wallace ▁Be ery ▁and ▁Margaret ▁O ' B rien . ▁ ▁The ▁movie ▁was ▁directed ▁by ▁S . ▁S yl van ▁Simon . ▁ ▁The ▁supporting ▁cast ▁features ▁Mar jor ie ▁Main , ▁J . ▁Car rol ▁Na ish , ▁Frances ▁R aff er ty
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, ▁Marshall ▁Thompson ▁and ▁Henry ▁O ' Ne ill . ▁ ▁Plot ▁" Bad " ▁Bas comb ▁is ▁a ▁not orious ▁out law ▁wanted ▁by ▁federal ▁mar sh als ▁after ▁out w itting ▁every ▁group ▁sent ▁to ▁capture ▁him . ▁ ▁He ▁and ▁fellow ▁band it ▁Bart ▁Y ance y , ▁a ▁cold - blo oded ▁killer , ▁have ▁again ▁el uded ▁the ▁mar sh als ▁by ▁joining ▁a ▁M orm on ▁wagon ▁train ▁heading ▁to ▁Utah . ▁ ▁They ▁pretend ▁to ▁be ▁helpful , ▁and ▁Bas comb ▁becomes ▁fond ▁of ▁an ▁adm iring ▁little ▁girl ▁who ▁att aches ▁herself ▁to ▁him ▁played ▁by ▁O ' B rien . ▁ ▁Be ery ▁eventually ▁distances ▁himself ▁from ▁Y ance y ▁by ▁th wart ing ▁an ▁attempted ▁rob bery ▁and ▁then ▁saves ▁the ▁wagon ▁train ▁from ▁an ▁attack ▁by ▁Indians ▁by ▁riding ▁to ▁get ▁help , ▁before ▁being ▁taken ▁capt ive ▁by ▁the ▁mar shal ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁movie . ▁ ▁Cast ▁Wallace ▁Be ery ▁as ▁Z ed ▁Bas comb ▁Margaret ▁O ' B rien ▁as ▁Em my ▁Mar jor ie ▁Main ▁as ▁Ab bey ▁H anks ▁J . ▁Car rol ▁Na ish ▁as ▁Bart ▁Y ance y ▁Frances ▁R aff er ty ▁as ▁D ora ▁McC abe ▁Russell ▁Sim pson ▁as ▁E lij ah ▁Walker ▁ ▁Marshall ▁Thompson ▁as ▁Jimmy ▁Hold en ▁Henry ▁O ' Ne ill ▁as ▁Governor ▁W inton ▁Sara ▁H aden ▁as ▁T ill ie ▁Love joy ▁Frank ▁Dar ien ▁as ▁Eld er ▁Mo ab ▁McC abe ▁ ▁Stanley
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▁Andrew s ▁as ▁Col . ▁Car tr ight ▁( unc red ited ) ▁ ▁Joseph ▁Cre han ▁as ▁G ov . ▁Am es ▁( unc red ited ) ▁ ▁Re ception ▁According ▁to ▁M GM ▁records ▁the ▁film ▁earned ▁$ 2 , 3 8 4 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁and ▁Canada ▁and ▁$ 1 , 2 6 1 , 0 0 0 ▁elsewhere , ▁leading ▁to ▁an ▁overall ▁profit ▁of ▁$ 6 4 8 , 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁The ▁other ▁six ▁Wallace ▁Be ery ▁and ▁Mar jor ie ▁Main ▁films : ▁ ▁Wy oming ▁( 1 9 4 0 ) ▁ ▁Barn acle ▁Bill ▁( 1 9 4 1 ) ▁ ▁Jack ass ▁Mail ▁( 1 9 4 2 ) ▁ ▁The ▁Bug le ▁Sounds ▁( 1 9 4 2 ) ▁ ▁R ation ing ▁( 1 9 4 4 ) ▁ ▁Big ▁Jack ▁( 1 9 4 9 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Review ▁of ▁film ▁at ▁Var iety ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 6 ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 4 6 ▁Western ▁( gen re ) ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁S . ▁S yl van ▁Simon ▁Category : L atter ▁Day ▁S aints ▁in ▁popular ▁culture ▁Category : Met ro - Gold w yn - M ayer ▁films ▁Category : American ▁Western ▁( gen re ) ▁films ▁Category : American ▁black - and - white ▁films
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<0x0A> </s> ▁Thomas , ▁Tom , ▁or ▁Tommy ▁B anks ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Arts ▁Thomas ▁B anks ▁( 1 7 3 5 – 1 8 0 5 ), ▁English ▁sculpt or ▁Thomas ▁Joseph ▁B anks ▁( 1 8 2 8 – 1 8 9 6 ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Thomas ▁John ▁B anks , ▁British ▁painter ▁Tom ▁B anks ▁( E ast End ers ), ▁a ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁soap ▁opera ▁East End ers ▁Tommy ▁B anks ▁( 1 9 3 6 – 2 0 1 8 ), ▁Canadian ▁composer / con du ctor ▁ ▁Sports ▁Tom ▁B anks ▁( American ▁football ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 8 ), ▁former ▁NFL ▁center ▁Tommy ▁B anks ▁( American ▁football ) ▁( born ▁▁ 1 9 7 9 ), ▁former ▁American ▁football ▁full back ▁Tom ▁B anks ▁( Austral ian ▁rules ▁football er ) ▁( 1 8 6 7 – 1 9 1 9 ), ▁player ▁and ▁administr ator ▁with ▁Fitz roy ▁Football ▁Club ▁Tommy ▁B anks ▁( foot ball er ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 2 9 ), ▁English ▁football er ▁Tom ▁B anks ▁( rug by ▁league ), ▁rugby ▁league ▁football er ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 0 s ▁for ▁Castle ford ▁Thomas ▁B anks ▁( rug by ▁league ), ▁rugby ▁league ▁football er ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁for ▁England , ▁and ▁Hud ders field ▁Tom ▁B anks ▁( rug by ) ▁( 1 8
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5 8 – ? ), ▁rugby ▁union ▁football er ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 8 8 0 s ▁for ▁British ▁Is les , ▁and ▁Sw inton ▁Tom ▁B anks ▁( rug by ▁player ▁born ▁ 1 9 9 4 ), ▁Australian ▁international ▁rugby ▁union ▁football er ▁ ▁Other ▁Thomas ▁Christopher ▁B anks ▁( 1 7 6 5 – 1 8 5 4 ), ▁British ▁gene al og ist ▁Tom ▁B anks ▁( phys ic ist ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 9 ), ▁American ▁phys ic ist ▁Thomas ▁B anks ▁( p ri est ) ▁( d ied ▁ 1 6 3 4 ), ▁Dean ▁of ▁St ▁As aph ▁Tommy ▁B anks ▁( che f ) ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 9 ), ▁British ▁chef ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Thomas ▁B anks ▁Cab an iss ▁( 1 8 3 5 – 1 9 1 5 ), ▁American ▁politician ▁from ▁Georgia <0x0A> </s> ▁S ob han ▁Kh agh ani ▁( born ▁ 2 7 ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 0 ) ▁is ▁an ▁Iran ian ▁football er ▁who ▁currently ▁plays ▁for ▁Iran ian ▁club ▁Tra ctor ▁as ▁a ▁mid f iel der . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 0 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : I ran ian ▁football ers ▁Category : Pers ian ▁Gulf ▁Pro ▁League ▁players ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁mid field ers ▁Category : I ran ▁youth ▁international ▁football ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Love joy ▁is ▁an ▁ext inct ▁town ▁in ▁Cape ▁Gir arde
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au ▁County , ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁state ▁of ▁Missouri . ▁The ▁G N IS ▁class ifies ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁pop ulated ▁place . ▁ ▁A ▁post ▁office ▁called ▁Love joy ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 7 , ▁and ▁remained ▁in ▁operation ▁until ▁ 1 8 9 4 . ▁The ▁community ▁took ▁its ▁name ▁from ▁nearby ▁Love joy ▁Creek . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : G host ▁towns ▁in ▁Missouri ▁Category : Form er ▁pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Cape ▁Gir arde au ▁County , ▁Missouri <0x0A> </s> ▁Star ▁Wars : ▁Lost ▁Stars ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁young ▁adult ▁science ▁fiction ▁novel ▁by ▁Claud ia ▁Gray ▁that ▁is ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁Star ▁Wars ▁galaxy . ▁The ▁novel ▁dep icts ▁a ▁narrative ▁set ▁before , ▁during ▁and ▁after ▁the ▁events ▁of ▁Star ▁Wars , ▁The ▁Empire ▁St rik es ▁Back ▁and ▁Return ▁of ▁the ▁J edi , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁Gal actic ▁Empire ▁has ▁tight ened ▁its ▁str angle hold ▁on ▁systems ▁in ▁the ▁Out er ▁R im ▁and ▁the ▁Reb el ▁Alliance ▁grows ▁in ▁strength , ▁as ▁well . ▁ ▁Plot ▁Arist ocratic ▁Th ane ▁Ky rell ▁and ▁vill ager ▁C ien a ▁Re e ▁res ide ▁on ▁the ▁Out er ▁R im ▁planet ▁of ▁J el uc an , ▁where ▁the ▁two ▁bond ▁over ▁their ▁shared ▁love ▁of ▁flying ▁and ▁interest ▁in ▁en rolling ▁at ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Academy ▁to ▁become ▁T IE ▁fighter ▁pilots . ▁While ▁en rolled ▁at ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Academy , ▁they ▁always
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▁to pped ▁the ▁classes ▁and ▁were ▁good ▁friends ▁until ▁Th ane ' s ▁laser ▁can non ▁project ▁was ▁sab ot aged ▁by ▁the ▁Academy ▁itself , ▁who ▁fr amed ▁C ien a ▁for ▁doing ▁so . ▁In ▁re per cussion , ▁both ▁failed ▁the ▁assignment ▁and ▁lost ▁the ▁top ▁spots ▁of ▁the ▁class . ▁When ▁the ▁theory ▁that ▁the ▁Academy ▁itself ▁has ▁fr amed ▁C ien a ▁for ▁sab ot aging ▁Th ane ' s ▁project ▁came ▁up , ▁Th ane ▁and ▁C ien a ▁disag reed ▁as ▁to ▁whether ▁the ▁Academy ▁could ▁do ▁that ▁to ▁them . ▁ ▁Th ane ▁and ▁C ien a ' s ▁relationship ▁was ▁sab ot aged ▁and ▁remained ▁so ▁until ▁their ▁gradu ation ▁from ▁the ▁Imperial ▁Academy , ▁where ▁they ▁reconc iled ▁during ▁the ▁gradu ation ▁ceremony . ▁ ▁After ▁their ▁gradu ation , ▁C ien a ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁D arth ▁V ader ' s ▁Star ▁Dest roy er , ▁while ▁Th ane ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁the ▁Death ▁Star ▁as ▁a ▁T IE ▁pilot . ▁Both ▁Th ane ▁and ▁C ien a ▁watched ▁when ▁Ald era an ▁was ▁destroyed ▁by ▁the ▁Death ▁Star . ▁Both ▁survived ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁the ▁Death ▁Star , ▁because ▁Th ane ▁was ▁on ▁assignment ▁to ▁investigate ▁the ▁rebel ▁base ▁at ▁D ant oo ine ▁and ▁C ien a ▁was ▁on ▁board ▁a ▁Star ▁Dest roy er . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁the ▁Death ▁Star , ▁C ien a ▁was ▁reun ited ▁with ▁Th ane ▁on ▁her ▁Star ▁Dest roy er
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. ▁However , ▁later ▁on , ▁Th ane ▁left ▁the ▁Empire ▁after ▁seeing ▁the ▁Bod ach ' i ▁en slave ment ▁on ▁K ere v ▁Do i . ▁After ▁desert ing ▁the ▁Empire , ▁Th ane ▁went ▁to ▁J el uc an ▁and ▁C ien a ▁found ▁him ▁here , ▁attempting ▁to ▁convince ▁him ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁Empire , ▁but ▁he ▁refused . ▁ ▁Wed ge ▁Ant ill ies ▁recru ited ▁Th ane ▁to ▁the ▁Reb el ▁Alliance ▁and ▁later , ▁after ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁H oth , ▁C ien a ▁realized ▁from ▁his ▁flying ▁style ▁that ▁Th ane ▁had ▁joined ▁the ▁Reb ell ion . ▁This ▁causes ▁a ▁d ile mma ▁within ▁C ien a , ▁as ▁she ▁still ▁has ▁feelings ▁of ▁loyalty ▁to ▁the ▁Gal actic ▁Empire . ▁ ▁Later ▁on , ▁C ien a ' s ▁mother ▁on ▁J el uc an ▁was ▁charged ▁with ▁em be zz lement ▁and ▁C ien a ▁took ▁leave ▁to ▁support ▁her ▁mother ▁alongside ▁her ▁father . ▁No ▁one ▁else ▁had ▁come ▁to ▁support ▁them , ▁as ▁their ▁tradition ▁expected , ▁except , ▁to ▁her ▁surprise , ▁Th ane . ▁After ▁the ▁trial , ▁they ▁part ed ▁ways ▁and ▁did ▁not ▁meet ▁again ▁until ▁when ▁Th ane ' s ▁team ▁had ▁been ▁dis pat ched ▁to ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁Second ▁Death ▁Star ▁to ▁gather ▁intelligence . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Death ▁Star , ▁C ien a ▁was ▁badly ▁injured ▁and ▁had ▁to ▁take ▁long ▁medical ▁leave . ▁When ▁she ▁was
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▁back ▁on ▁duty , ▁she ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁Captain ▁and ▁assigned ▁a ▁Star ▁Dest roy er ▁to ▁command . ▁During ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Jak ku , ▁Th ane ' s ▁team ▁was ▁task ed ▁to ▁in fil tr ate ▁and ▁capture ▁the ▁Star ▁Dest roy er . ▁When ▁C ien a ▁realized ▁that ▁the ▁ship ▁had ▁been ▁in fil tr ated , ▁she ▁ordered ▁to ▁abandon ▁ship ▁while ▁int ending ▁to ▁coll ide ▁the ▁ship ▁into ▁planet ▁of ▁Jak ku , ▁making ▁sure ▁that ▁the ▁ship ▁didn ' t ▁fall ▁to ▁the ▁New ▁Republic ' s ▁hands . ▁At ▁this ▁time , ▁Th ane ▁confront ed ▁C ien a ▁on ▁the ▁ship ' s ▁bridge . ▁The ▁two ▁had ▁an ▁intense ▁fight , ▁though ▁Th ane ▁emerged ▁vict orious ▁and ▁saved ▁both ▁of ▁their ▁lives . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁end , ▁C ien a ▁was ▁held ▁as ▁a ▁prisoner - of - war ▁and ▁later ▁when ▁Th ane ▁visited ▁her , ▁he ▁was ▁sure ▁that ▁she ▁will ▁be ▁released ▁soon . ▁ ▁Char acters ▁ ▁Th ane ▁Ky rell ▁ ▁C ien a ▁Re e ▁ ▁Ber isse ▁S ai ▁ ▁V ed ▁F os lo ▁ ▁Grand ▁M off ▁Wil h uff ▁T ark in ▁ ▁D arth ▁V ader ▁ ▁Wed ge ▁Ant illes ▁ ▁Princess ▁Le ia ▁▁ ▁Luke ▁Sky walk er ▁( M ention ed ▁only ) ▁ ▁J ude ▁E div on ▁ ▁K end y ▁Ide le ▁ ▁Nash ▁Wind r ider ▁ ▁Release ▁The ▁novel ▁was
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▁released ▁in ▁conj unction ▁with ▁Star ▁Wars : ▁After math ▁on ▁September ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁as ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Jour ney ▁to ▁Star ▁Wars : ▁The ▁Force ▁Aw ak ens ▁publishing ▁initiative , ▁in ▁preparation ▁for ▁the ▁December ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁release ▁of ▁the ▁seventh ▁install ment ▁in ▁the ▁film ▁s aga , ▁Star ▁Wars : ▁The ▁Force ▁Aw ak ens . ▁ ▁The ▁Battle ▁of ▁Jak ku , ▁a ▁battle ▁that ▁is ▁first ▁described ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁few ▁chapters ▁of ▁the ▁novel , ▁can ▁be ▁experienced ▁in ▁the ▁Star ▁Wars ▁Battle front ▁re boot ▁video ▁game , ▁as ▁free ▁download able ▁content ▁that ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁December ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁L INE ▁Corporation ▁released ▁an ▁online ▁m anga ▁adaptation ▁of ▁the ▁novel ▁exclusively ▁in ▁Japan . ▁Y en ▁Press ▁announced ▁during ▁their ▁An ime ▁NY C ▁panel ▁that ▁they ▁licensed ▁the ▁m anga ▁for ▁a ▁North ▁American ▁release . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Lost ▁Stars ▁at ▁Disney ▁Publishing ▁World wide ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 ▁American ▁novels ▁Category : 2 0 1 5 ▁science ▁fiction ▁novels ▁Category : American ▁young ▁adult ▁novels ▁Category : American ▁romance ▁novels ▁Lost ▁Stars ▁Category : Del ▁Re y ▁books ▁Category : N ov els ▁by ▁Claud ia ▁Gray ▁Category : Y en ▁Press ▁titles <0x0A> </s> ▁K üh ru
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h gr aben ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁river ▁of ▁B av aria , ▁Germany . ▁It ▁flows ▁into ▁the ▁R ö der bach ▁in ▁As ch aff enburg . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁B av aria ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁B av aria ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁the ▁Sp ess art ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Germany <0x0A> </s> ▁Hugh ▁Case y ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Hugh ▁Case y ▁( base ball ) ▁( 1 9 1 3 – 1 9 5 1 ), ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁pitch er ▁ ▁Hugh ▁Case y ▁( polit ician ) ▁( 1 9 2 7 – 2 0 1 3 ), ▁politician ▁in ▁Northern ▁Ireland ▁ ▁Hugh ▁Boy d ▁Case y ▁( 1 9 2 5 – 1 9 5 2 ), ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁officer ▁ ▁Hugh ▁John ▁Case y ▁( 1 8 9 8 – 1 9 8 1 ), ▁his ▁father , ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁officer <0x0A> </s> ▁Å land ▁University ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Sciences ▁( , ▁H Å ) ▁is ▁a ▁university ▁of ▁applied ▁sciences ▁( a ▁poly techn ic ) ▁in ▁Marie ham n , ▁Å land ▁Islands . ▁It ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁the ▁mer ger ▁of ▁Å lands ▁y r k esh ö g sk ola ▁and ▁Å lands ▁hö g sk ola ▁( both ▁names ▁can ▁be ▁translated ▁into ▁English ▁as ▁Å land ▁University ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Sciences ). ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁the
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▁only ▁higher ▁education ▁institution ▁in ▁the ▁Å land ▁Islands . ▁The ▁education ▁in ▁the ▁Å land ▁University ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Sciences ▁is ▁conducted ▁in ▁Swedish . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Å land ▁University ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Category : Univers ities ▁and ▁colleges ▁in ▁Finland ▁Category : E duc ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁Ru w iel ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁municip ality ▁in ▁the ▁Dutch ▁province ▁of ▁U tre cht . ▁It ▁existed ▁from ▁ 1 8 1 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁merged ▁with ▁Bre uk elen . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Map ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁municip ality ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 8 . ▁ ▁Category : Form er ▁municipal ities ▁of ▁U tre cht ▁( prov ince ) ▁Category : St icht se ▁V ech t <0x0A> </s> ▁Out ▁of ▁the ▁Gene ▁Pool ▁was ▁an ▁American ▁synd icated ▁comic ▁strip ▁by ▁Matt ▁Jan z ▁that ▁appeared ▁daily ▁in ▁newspapers ▁from ▁December ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁to ▁June ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁Public ation ▁history ▁ ▁Out ▁of ▁the ▁Gene ▁Pool ▁grew ▁out ▁of ▁an ▁earlier ▁strip ▁Jan z ▁had ▁created ▁called ▁crit ters ▁( sp elled ▁in ▁all ▁lower case ), ▁where ▁a ▁bunch ▁of ▁odd - looking ▁creatures ▁over ran ▁a ▁small ▁town ▁to ▁the ▁disgust ▁of ▁its ▁residents . ▁The ▁Washington ▁Post ▁Writ ers ▁Group , ▁which ▁synd icated
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▁Out ▁of ▁the ▁Gene ▁Pool , ▁helped ▁Jan z ▁develop ▁the ▁strip ▁into ▁what ▁eventually ▁became ▁the ▁final ▁product . ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁final ▁eleven ▁months ▁of ▁its ▁run , ▁the ▁strip ▁was ▁known ▁as ▁Single ▁and ▁Looking . ▁As ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁change , ▁Jan z ▁completely ▁changed ▁the ▁focus ▁of ▁the ▁strip ▁in ▁the ▁hopes ▁that ▁this ▁would ▁get ▁more ▁newspapers ▁to ▁buy ▁it . ▁The ▁move ▁proved ▁un successful ▁and ▁Jan z ▁decided ▁to ▁bring ▁his ▁creation ▁to ▁its ▁conclusion . ▁In ▁doing ▁so , ▁he ▁said ▁that ▁while ▁he ▁enjoyed ▁his ▁time ▁on ▁the ▁com ics ▁page ▁he ▁wanted ▁to ▁give ▁his ▁space ▁in ▁newspapers ▁to ▁com ics ▁with ▁" actual ▁growth ▁potential ". ▁ ▁Char acters ▁and ▁story ▁When ▁Out ▁of ▁the ▁Gene ▁Pool ▁debut ed , ▁the ▁focus ▁was ▁originally ▁around ▁a ▁man ▁named ▁R uf us , ▁a ▁rather ▁large ▁man ▁with ▁hair ▁all ▁over ▁his ▁body , ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁and ▁life ▁in ▁a ▁generic ▁town ▁called ▁M idd let own ▁( the ▁state ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁located ▁never ▁revealed ). ▁R uf us ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁a ▁woman ▁named ▁Andy ▁( short ▁for ▁Andrea ) ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁son ▁named ▁Miller , ▁who ▁re sembled ▁his ▁father . ▁ ▁R uf us ▁and ▁Andy ▁were ▁friends ▁with ▁a ▁divor ced ▁African - American ▁mother ▁named ▁Jackie ▁Jer zy ▁( who ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁character ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁known ▁last ▁name ), ▁who ▁lived ▁next ▁door ▁and ▁had ▁a ▁son ▁named ▁Tr avis ▁who ▁was
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▁best ▁friends ▁with ▁Miller ▁and ▁who ▁tried ▁to ▁reun ite ▁his ▁parents ▁at ▁all ▁costs . ▁Andy ▁and ▁Jackie ▁worked ▁together ▁in ▁an ▁office ▁building ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁holding ▁jobs ▁as ▁season al ▁cash iers ▁at ▁" Z - Mart ", ▁a ▁local ▁discount ▁chain . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Jan z ▁introduced ▁a ▁new ▁character , ▁Andy ' s ▁brother ▁Sam , ▁who ▁had ▁moved ▁to ▁M idd let own ▁in ▁search ▁of ▁a ▁job . ▁R uf us ▁found ▁him ▁a ▁job ▁at ▁the ▁factory ▁where ▁he ▁worked , ▁but ▁the ▁company ▁that ▁owned ▁the ▁factory ▁shut ▁it ▁down ▁and ▁left ▁everyone ▁out ▁of ▁work . ▁Sam ' s ▁room mate ▁Z o og ie , ▁a ▁small ▁fur ry ▁being ▁of ▁ind et erm inate ▁species , ▁moved ▁with ▁him ▁to ▁M idd let own ▁and ▁tried ▁to ▁rel ive ▁his ▁college ▁days , ▁but ▁was ▁unable ▁to . ▁ ▁Another ▁main ▁character ▁was ▁Mad ame ▁Red , ▁an ▁older , ▁cr ank y ▁woman ▁with ▁a ▁cl own - like ▁appearance ▁and ▁a ▁hostile ▁de mean or . ▁She ▁worked ▁several ▁part - time ▁jobs ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁( including ▁fl ipping ▁b urg ers ▁at ▁a ▁local ▁chain ▁and ▁writing ▁an ▁advice ▁column ▁called ▁" D ear ▁K itty " ▁for ▁the ▁local ▁paper ) ▁and ▁was ▁married ▁to ▁a ▁man ▁named ▁Herbert , ▁who ▁was ▁never ▁seen ▁and ▁who ▁she ▁always ▁seemed ▁to ▁y ell ▁at ▁on ▁a ▁regular ▁basis . ▁ ▁Other
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▁characters ▁included ▁P uff ▁Mag he e , ▁the ▁star ▁of ▁the ▁local ▁baseball ▁team ▁who ▁took ▁massive ▁amounts ▁of ▁ster oids ; ▁his ▁girlfriend ▁Br idget t , ▁a ▁spo iled - br at ▁teen ▁pop ▁singing ▁sensation ▁that ▁called ▁M idd let own ▁home ; ▁Bl iz zy , ▁a ▁snow man ▁Tr avis ▁built ▁that ▁came ▁to ▁life ▁every ▁winter ▁but ▁melt ed ▁every ▁spring ; ▁and ▁Al ison ▁Mc D erm itt , ▁Z o og ie ' s ▁folk ▁singer ▁ex - girl friend ▁who ▁re appe ared ▁on ▁several ▁occasions , ▁moving ▁to ▁Z imb ab we ▁following ▁her ▁last ▁appearance . ▁ ▁Change ▁to ▁Single ▁and ▁Looking ▁Jan z ▁made ▁the ▁a fore ment ioned ▁dr astic ▁change ▁to ▁his ▁strip ▁beginning ▁with ▁the ▁July ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁strip . ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁changing ▁its ▁name ▁to ▁Single ▁and ▁Looking , ▁he ▁stream lined ▁the ▁strip ▁significantly ▁and ▁cut ▁R uf us ▁and ▁his ▁family ▁out ▁altogether , ▁which ▁Jan z ▁took ▁hard ▁as ▁R uf us ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁first ▁cre ations ▁dating ▁back ▁to ▁his ▁days ▁drawing ▁" crit ters ". ▁Sam ▁and ▁Jackie ▁became ▁the ▁main ▁characters ▁of ▁the ▁strip , ▁with ▁Tr avis , ▁Z o og ie , ▁and ▁Mad ame ▁Red ▁playing ▁supporting ▁roles . ▁Sam ▁took ▁Andy ' s ▁place ▁as ▁Jackie ' s ▁best ▁friend ▁and ▁cow ork er , ▁and ▁more ▁focus ▁was ▁placed ▁on ▁his ▁love ▁life .
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▁Jackie , ▁mean while , ▁had ▁more ▁emphasis ▁placed ▁on ▁her ▁struggle ▁to ▁find ▁a ▁new ▁husband . ▁ ▁Although ▁Jan z ' s ▁mot ives ▁were ▁to ▁get ▁more ▁papers ▁to ▁buy ▁his ▁strip , ▁it ▁quickly ▁became ▁clear ▁that ▁the ▁change ▁wasn ' t ▁going ▁to ▁bring ▁him ▁that ▁and ▁he ▁eventually ▁came ▁to ▁the ▁decision ▁to ▁end ▁the ▁strip ▁on ▁his ▁own . ▁Jan z ▁sar cast ically ▁said , ▁" Maybe ▁it ▁needed ▁a ▁talking ▁cat " ▁on ▁the ▁announcement ▁of ▁its ▁dem ise . ▁He ▁also ▁said ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁ending ▁the ▁strip ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁other ▁interests ▁and ▁said ▁that ▁while ▁he ▁enjoyed ▁drawing ▁the ▁strip , ▁he ▁was ▁also ▁working ▁a ▁part - time ▁job ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁that ▁and ▁decided ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁one ▁career . ▁ ▁Final ▁story ▁arc ▁The ▁final ▁story line ▁of ▁the ▁Out ▁of ▁the ▁Gene ▁Pool / Single ▁and ▁Looking ▁strip ▁began ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁Sam ▁and ▁Jackie ▁were ▁standing ▁in ▁line ▁at ▁the ▁local ▁bur ger ▁joint ▁discussing ▁their ▁tax ▁stim ulus ▁refund s ▁when ▁suddenly ▁a ▁real ▁estate ▁agent ▁walked ▁in ▁and ▁started ▁showing ▁the ▁space ▁to ▁W ally ▁and ▁D il bert ▁from ▁D il bert , ▁saying ▁that ▁they ▁needed ▁to ▁buy ▁the ▁space ▁because ▁of ▁interest ▁from ▁S ly lock ▁Fox . ▁Mad ame ▁Red ▁took ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁call ▁d ib s ▁on ▁the ▁f ax ▁machine . ▁ ▁The ▁next ▁day , ▁Sam ▁conf
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