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▁as ▁a ▁lect urer ▁and ▁professor ▁at ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁music ▁colleges ▁in ▁Germany ▁and ▁in ▁Switzerland , ▁where ▁he ▁directed ▁the ▁Bas el ▁Music ▁Academy ▁from ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁Kel ter born ▁also ▁headed ▁the ▁music ▁division ▁of ▁Swiss ▁German ▁radio ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁Far ther ▁a field , ▁Kel ter born ▁has ▁held ▁guest ▁lect ur ership s ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁England , ▁Japan , ▁China , ▁and ▁Eastern ▁Europe . ▁ ▁His ▁works ▁have ▁been ▁performed ▁throughout ▁Europe , ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁and ▁Japan , ▁and ▁he ▁has ▁also ▁been ▁active ▁as ▁a ▁condu ctor ▁on ▁the ▁international ▁scene . ▁ ▁Works ▁Kel ter born ' s ▁o e uv re ▁covers ▁many ▁different ▁musical ▁gen res ▁and ▁includes ▁five ▁oper as , ▁or chestr al ▁works ▁( some ▁with ▁solo ▁instruments , ▁voices , ▁or ▁electron ics ), ▁chamber ▁music , ▁and ▁vocal ▁works . ▁His ▁four - act ▁opera ▁Der ▁Kir sch g arten ▁inaugur ated ▁the ▁newly ▁re built ▁Z ür ich ▁Opera ▁House ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Br iner , ▁Andre as . ▁Rud olf ▁Kel ter born : ▁Kom pon ist , ▁Musik den ker , ▁Verm itt ler . ▁ ▁Gr ü ml ingen : ▁Z yt g log ge ▁Ver lag , ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁▁ ▁Kennedy , ▁Michael
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▁( 2 0 0 6 ), ▁The ▁Oxford ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁Music , ▁ 9 8 5 ▁pages , ▁▁ ▁L are se , ▁D ino . ▁Rud olf ▁Kel ter born : ▁eine ▁Lebens sk iz ze . ▁Am ris w il : ▁Am ris w iler ▁B ü ch erei , ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Kel ter born ' s ▁official ▁home page ▁( in ▁German ) ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Sw iss ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : Sw iss ▁conduct ors ▁( mus ic ) ▁Category : M ale ▁conduct ors ▁( mus ic ) ▁Category : H och sch ule ▁für ▁Musik ▁Det m old ▁faculty ▁Category : Sw iss ▁male ▁classical ▁compos ers ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁conduct ors ▁( mus ic ) ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁conduct ors ▁( mus ic ) ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁male ▁musicians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁male ▁musicians <0x0A> </s> ▁George ▁Joseph ▁" M ike " ▁Kelly ▁Jr . ▁( born ▁May ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁politician ▁in ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party ▁who ▁has ▁been ▁a ▁U . S . ▁Represent ative ▁since ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁is ▁currently ▁serving ▁as ▁representative
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▁for ▁. ▁The ▁district , ▁number ed ▁as ▁the ▁ 3 rd ▁district ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁is ▁based ▁in ▁E rie ▁and ▁stret ches ▁from ▁the ▁north west ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁to ▁the ▁outer ▁northern ▁subur bs ▁of ▁Pittsburgh , ▁including ▁Kelly ' s ▁home ▁in ▁Butler . ▁ ▁Education ▁and ▁early ▁career ▁ ▁Kelly ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁in ▁Pittsburgh , ▁but ▁has ▁spent ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁in ▁Butler . ▁He ▁played ▁vars ity ▁football ▁as ▁a ▁full back ▁in ▁high ▁school , ▁and ▁his ▁team ▁reached ▁two ▁W PI AL ▁championship ▁games . ▁He ▁graduated ▁from ▁Butler ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 6 . ▁He ▁received ▁a ▁scholarship ▁to ▁play ▁football ▁at ▁University ▁of ▁Not re ▁D ame , ▁but ▁his ▁playing ▁ended ▁because ▁of ▁an ▁injury . ▁Before ▁his ▁election ▁to ▁Congress , ▁Kelly ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Butler ▁City ▁Council . ▁ ▁Autom otive ▁business ▁After ▁college , ▁he ▁worked ▁for ▁his ▁father ' s ▁Che v ro let / C ad ill ac ▁car ▁deal ership . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁he ▁purchased ▁his ▁father ' s ▁business , ▁and ▁then ▁added ▁Hy und ai ▁and ▁K IA ▁to ▁his ▁deal ership ▁line up . ▁In ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁a ▁local ▁TV ▁station ▁discovered ▁that ▁there ▁were ▁ 1 7 ▁vehicles ▁for ▁sale ▁on ▁Kelly '
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s ▁Union town ▁and ▁Butler ▁lots ▁which ▁were ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁recall ▁not ices , ▁but ▁they ▁had ▁not ▁been ▁rep aired . ▁The ▁station ▁contacted ▁both ▁the ▁businesses ▁and ▁the ▁congress man ' s ▁office ▁without ▁receiving ▁responses . ▁A ▁month ▁later , ▁a ▁reporter ▁found ▁three ▁of ▁those ▁vehicles ▁with ▁active ▁rec alls ▁still ▁for ▁sale . ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Kelly ▁had ▁spoken ▁on ▁the ▁floor ▁of ▁Congress ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁a ▁bill ▁that ▁would ▁have ▁given ▁permission ▁to ▁deal ers ▁to ▁loan ▁or ▁rent ▁vehicles ▁despite ▁there ▁being ▁National ▁Highway ▁Tra ffic ▁Safety ▁ ▁Administration ▁( N HT SA ) ▁safety ▁recall ▁not ices ▁on ▁such ▁vehicles . ▁Kelly ▁had ▁said , ▁“ There ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁single ▁person ▁in ▁our ▁business ▁that ▁would ▁ever ▁put ▁one ▁of ▁our ▁owners ▁in ▁a ▁defect ive ▁car ▁or ▁a ▁car ▁with ▁a ▁recall . ▁But ▁that ▁could ▁happen . ▁That ▁could ▁happen .” ▁The ▁congress ional ▁bill ▁failed ▁to ▁pass . ▁With ▁support ▁from ▁deal ers ' ▁associations ▁allowing ▁such ▁vehicles ▁to ▁be ▁market ed ▁without ▁repairs , ▁a ▁similar ▁measure ▁passed ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁and ▁was ▁signed ▁into ▁law , ▁as ▁did ▁one ▁in ▁Tennessee . ▁Such ▁bills ▁failed ▁to ▁pass ▁in ▁seven ▁other ▁states . ▁The ▁auto ▁manufacturing ▁industry ▁opposed ▁the ▁bill , ▁with ▁General ▁Mot ors ▁ ▁saying , ▁" pro vis ions ▁that ▁allow ▁for ▁sale ▁of ▁a ▁used ▁vehicle ▁with ▁an ▁unre pa ired ▁safety ▁recall ▁with ▁a ▁simple ▁notice ▁raise ▁significant ▁safety
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▁concerns ." ▁After ▁the ▁station ' s ▁initial ▁contacts , ▁Kelly ' s ▁son ▁Brend an , ▁who ▁operates ▁Mike ▁Kelly ▁Autom otive ▁responded ▁by ▁saying , ▁" The ▁deal ership s ▁will ▁not ▁sell ▁any ▁vehicle ▁that ▁is ▁in ▁violation ▁of ▁a ▁federal ▁or ▁state ▁Law ." ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁ ▁E lections ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁ ▁Kelly ▁challenged ▁inc umb ent ▁Rep . ▁Kath y ▁D ahl k emper ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁He ▁won ▁the ▁election ▁by ▁ 1 0 %, ▁largely ▁by ▁running ▁up ▁his ▁marg ins ▁outside ▁of ▁heavily ▁Democratic ▁E rie . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁ ▁Kelly ▁defeated ▁Democrat ▁Miss a ▁E aton ▁ 5 5 % – 4 1 %. ▁His ▁district ▁had ▁been ▁made ▁slightly ▁friend l ier ▁in ▁red istrict ing . ▁The ▁district ▁was ▁pushed ▁slightly ▁to ▁the ▁south , ▁absor bing ▁some ▁rural ▁and ▁Republican ▁territory ▁east ▁of ▁Pittsburgh . ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁eastern ▁E rie ▁County ▁was ▁drawn ▁into ▁the ▁heavily ▁Republican ▁ 5 th ▁district . ▁The ▁ 3 rd ▁and ▁ 5 th ▁were ▁drawn ▁so ▁that ▁the ▁boundary ▁between ▁the ▁two ▁districts ▁ran ▁along ▁the ▁eastern ▁boundary ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁E rie . ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁Kelly ▁defeated ▁Democrat ▁Dan ▁La Val lee ▁of ▁Cr an berry ▁Township ▁ 6 0 . 5 % – 3 9 . 5 %. ▁▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁Kelly ▁ran ▁un op posed
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▁and ▁received ▁ 1 0 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁vote . ▁▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁threw ▁out ▁Pennsylvania ' s ▁original ▁congress ional ▁map ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Kelly ' s ▁district ▁was ▁re number ed ▁as ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁and ▁made ▁slightly ▁more ▁compact . ▁It ▁reg ained ▁the ▁eastern ▁portion ▁of ▁E rie ▁County ▁that ▁had ▁been ▁drawn ▁into ▁the ▁ 5 th . ▁To ▁make ▁up ▁for ▁the ▁increase ▁in ▁population , ▁its ▁southern ▁portion ▁was ▁pushed ▁to ▁the ▁west , ▁ending ▁just ▁outside ▁of ▁Kelly ' s ▁hom et own ▁of ▁Butler . ▁ ▁Politics PA ▁wrote ▁that ▁Kelly ' s ▁seat ▁might ▁not ▁be ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁seats ▁considered ▁safe ▁for ▁re - election . ▁Public ▁Policy ▁Poll ing ▁found ▁that ▁Kelly ▁had ▁a ▁ 4 8 % ▁to ▁ 4 3 % ▁lead ▁over ▁Democratic ▁opponent ▁Ron ▁Di N ic ola . ▁ ▁Kelly ▁ultimately ▁defeated ▁Di N ic ola ▁ 5 1 . 6 % – 4 7 . 2 %, ▁his ▁first ▁close ▁contest ▁since ▁his ▁initial ▁run ▁for ▁the ▁seat . ▁ ▁Rat ings ▁ ▁Kelly ▁has ▁received ▁the ▁following ▁ratings ▁from ▁advoc acy ▁organizations : ▁▁ ▁United ▁States ▁Chamber ▁of ▁Commerce : ▁ 9 5 % ▁ ▁The ▁Club ▁for ▁Grow th : ▁ 7 1 % ▁ ▁Freedom Work s : ▁ 5 5 % ▁ ▁The ▁National ▁Organization ▁for ▁the ▁Re form ▁of ▁Mar ijuana ▁Law s :
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▁D ▁ ▁American ▁Civil ▁Liber ties ▁Union : ▁ 5 % ▁ ▁League ▁of ▁Conserv ation ▁V ot ers : ▁ 4 % ▁ ▁Pl anned ▁P aren th ood ▁Action ▁Fund : ▁ 4 % ▁ ▁Committee ▁assignments ▁ ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁Committee ▁on ▁W ays ▁and ▁Me ans ▁Sub commit tee ▁on ▁O vers ight ▁( Rank ing ▁Member ) ▁Sub commit tee ▁on ▁Health ▁ ▁In ▁addition , ▁Kelly ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁co - chair ▁of ▁the ▁Nort heast - M id west ▁Congress ional ▁Coal ition , ▁a ▁b ipart isan ▁group ▁of ▁U . S . ▁Represent atives ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 8 ▁Nort he astern ▁and ▁Mid western ▁States . ▁He ▁is ▁an ▁appointed ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁President ' s ▁Ex port ▁Council . ▁ ▁C auc us ▁membership s ▁ ▁Congress ional ▁Autom otive ▁C auc us ▁( co - chair man ) ▁ ▁Congress ional ▁Coal ▁C auc us ▁ ▁Job ▁Creat ors ▁C auc us ▁ ▁House ▁Small ▁Brew ers ▁C auc us ▁( co - chair man ) ▁ ▁Natural ▁Gas ▁C auc us ▁ ▁Sports man ' s ▁C auc us ▁ ▁Ret irement ▁Security ▁C auc us ▁( co - chair man ) ▁ ▁Congress ional ▁C auc us ▁on ▁Korea ▁( co - chair man ) ▁ ▁Congress ional ▁Manufact uring ▁C auc us ▁ ▁Congress ional ▁Steel ▁C auc us ▁International ▁Conserv ation ▁C auc us ▁ ▁Mar cell us ▁Sh ale ▁C auc us ▁ ▁Congress ional ▁Pray
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er ▁C auc us ▁ ▁Pro - Life ▁C auc us ▁ ▁Republican ▁Study ▁Committee ▁ ▁Republican ▁Main ▁Street ▁Part nership . ▁Congress ional ▁Western ▁C auc us ▁ ▁Political ▁positions ▁ ▁" Deep ▁state " ▁conspiracy ▁theories ▁ ▁When ▁speaking ▁at ▁a ▁Mer cer ▁County ▁Republican ▁Party ▁event ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁Kelly ▁advanced ▁the ▁conspiracy ▁theory ▁that ▁former ▁president ▁Bar ack ▁Obama ▁was ▁running ▁a ▁" shadow ▁government " ▁to ▁und ermine ▁President ▁Trump . ▁ ▁When ▁asked ▁about ▁these ▁remarks , ▁Kelly ▁said ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁meant ▁to ▁be ▁private . ▁After ▁the ▁remarks ▁made ▁national ▁news , ▁Kelly ' s ▁spokes person ▁said ▁that ▁Kelly ▁did ▁not ▁believe ▁that ▁Obama ▁" is ▁personally ▁operating ▁a ▁shadow ▁government ". ▁ ▁Donald ▁Trump ▁ ▁Mike ▁Kelly ▁has ▁argued ▁against ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁President ▁Donald ▁Trump ' s ▁tax ▁returns ▁by ▁the ▁House ▁W ays ▁and ▁Me ans ▁Committee . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Kelly ▁lik ened ▁the ▁im pe achment ▁to ▁the ▁Att ack ▁on ▁Pearl ▁Harbor . ▁He ▁said ▁the ▁date ▁in ▁which ▁Trump ▁was ▁im pe ached ▁is ▁" an other ▁date ▁that ▁will ▁live ▁in ▁inf amy ," ▁referring ▁to ▁President ▁Franklin ▁Del ano ▁Roosevelt ' s ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁statement ▁about ▁the ▁Pearl ▁Harbor ▁attack . ▁ ▁Environment ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Kelly ▁compared ▁the ▁Environmental ▁Protection ▁Agency ▁to ▁terror ists ▁while ▁attacking ▁E PA ▁regulations ▁limiting ▁power ▁plant ▁emissions ,
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▁saying ▁" You ▁talk ▁about ▁terror ism ▁– ▁you ▁can ▁do ▁it ▁in ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁different ▁ways , ... ▁But ▁you ▁terror ize ▁the ▁people ▁who ▁supply ▁everything ▁this ▁country ▁needs ▁to ▁be ▁great ▁– ▁and ▁you ▁keep ▁them ▁on ▁the ▁s idelines ▁– ▁my ▁goodness , ▁what ▁have ▁we ▁become ?" ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁Kelly ▁was ▁rated ▁ 0 % ▁by ▁the ▁Clean ▁Water ▁Action ▁group . ▁ ▁Health care ▁ ▁On ▁August ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁Kelly ▁called ▁the ▁H HS ▁mand ate ▁of ▁the ▁Pat ient ▁Protection ▁and ▁Aff ord able ▁Care ▁Act ▁( Ob am ac are ) ▁- ▁which ▁requires ▁health ▁ins urers ▁or ▁employers ▁that ▁provide ▁their ▁employees ▁with ▁health ▁insurance ▁to ▁cover ▁some ▁contr ace pt ive ▁costs ▁in ▁their ▁health ▁insurance ▁plans ▁- ▁an ▁attack ▁on ▁Americans ' ▁constitution ally ▁protected ▁religious ▁rights ▁and ▁that ▁August ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁would ▁go ▁down ▁in ▁inf amy ▁as ▁" the ▁day ▁that ▁religious ▁freedom ▁died ". ▁ ▁Red istrict ing ▁When ▁Kelly ▁was ▁elected , ▁the ▁district ▁was ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁north western ▁corner ▁of ▁the ▁state , ▁stret ching ▁from ▁E rie ▁to ▁rural ▁territory ▁near ▁Pittsburgh . ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁after ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁ruled ▁the ▁Pennsylvania ▁districts ▁to ▁be ▁un const itution ally ▁g erry mand ered , ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁district ▁became ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 6
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th ▁District . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁ ▁Kelly ▁lives ▁in ▁Butler , ▁Pennsylvania , ▁with ▁his ▁wife , ▁Victoria . ▁They ▁have ▁four ▁children , ▁George III , ▁Brend an , ▁Charlotte , ▁and ▁Colin , ▁and ▁ten ▁grand children . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁brother - in - law ▁of ▁Tennessee ' s ▁ 1 st ▁congress ional ▁district ▁Congress man ▁Phil ▁R oe . ▁He ▁is ▁Catholic . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁he ▁stated ▁that , ▁as ▁a ▁person ▁of ▁Irish ▁and ▁Ang lo ▁Sax on ▁descent , ▁he ▁considers ▁himself ▁a ▁person ▁of ▁color -- a ▁term ▁often ▁used ▁to ▁describe ▁people ▁of ▁non - white ▁background s . ▁On ▁March ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁he ▁tested ▁positive ▁for ▁COVID - 1 9 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Congress man ▁Mike ▁Kelly ▁official ▁U . S . ▁House ▁site ▁ ▁Mike ▁Kelly ▁for ▁Congress ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁| - ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁politicians ▁Category : American ▁autom obile ▁sales people ▁Category : Bus iness people ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁from ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : P enn sylvania ▁city ▁council ▁members ▁Category : P enn sylvania ▁Republicans ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Butler , ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Rep ublic an ▁Party ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁Category :
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Sch ool ▁board ▁members ▁in ▁Pennsylvania ▁Category : Cl imate ▁change ▁den ial ▁Category : American ▁conspiracy ▁the or ists <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁po oh - po oh ▁( also ▁styled ▁as ▁po o - po o ) ▁is ▁a ▁fall acy ▁in ▁inform al ▁logic ▁that ▁consists ▁of ▁dismiss ing ▁an ▁argument ▁as ▁being ▁un worthy ▁of ▁serious ▁consideration . ▁Sch ol ars ▁generally ▁character ize ▁the ▁fall acy ▁as ▁a ▁rhet or ical ▁device ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁speaker ▁ridic ules ▁an ▁argument ▁without ▁responding ▁to ▁the ▁substance ▁of ▁the ▁argument . ▁ ▁Definition ▁Authors ▁have ▁characterized ▁the ▁fall acy ▁as ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁a ▁straw ▁man ▁fall acy , ▁where ▁an ▁argument ▁is ▁described ▁as ▁inher ently ▁worth less ▁or ▁und es erv ing ▁of ▁serious ▁attention . ▁Some ▁authors ▁have ▁also ▁described ▁the ▁fall acy ▁as ▁the ▁act ▁of ▁" rid ic ul [ ing ] " ▁an ▁argument ▁as ▁though ▁it ▁were ▁" a ▁myth ", ▁and ▁some ▁character ize ▁it ▁as ▁the ▁act ▁of ▁dismiss ing ▁an ▁argument ▁" with ▁insult s ▁without ▁responding ▁to ▁its ▁substance ▁in ▁any ▁way ". ▁Other ▁authors ▁describe ▁the ▁fall acy ▁as ▁the ▁act ▁of ▁dismiss ing ▁an ▁argument ▁" with ▁the ▁wave ▁of ▁a ▁hand ". ▁Some ▁sources ▁also ▁suggest ▁the ▁fall acy ▁is ▁an ▁expression ▁that ▁involves ▁" s ne er [ ing ]", ▁" rid ic ule ", ▁or ▁" mal icious ▁comments ▁about ▁the ▁pro ponent ▁of ▁the ▁argument ". ▁ ▁Or ig ins ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁Oxford
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▁Dictionary ▁of ▁English , ▁the ▁term ▁" po oh - po oh " ▁origin ated ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁eight eenth ▁century ▁as ▁a ▁" redu plication " ▁of ▁the ▁word ▁" po oh ", ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁common ▁expression ▁of ▁disgust . ▁Some ▁authors ▁also ▁suggest ▁the ▁term ▁origin ated ▁as ▁a ▁" rep resentation ▁of ▁the ▁act ▁of ▁sp itting ▁in ▁sign ▁of ▁cont empt uous ▁re jection ". ▁ ▁Rel ationship ▁with ▁the ▁term ▁" party ▁po oper " ▁Some ▁comment ators ▁have ▁suggested ▁that ▁the ▁term ▁" party ▁po oper " ▁is ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁phrase ▁" po oh - po oh ". ▁These ▁comment ators ▁argue ▁that ▁the ▁" dis d ain " ▁a ▁speaker ▁has ▁when ▁" po oh - po oh ing " ▁a ▁subject ▁could ▁also ▁" desc ribe ▁the ▁negative ▁con notation ▁of ▁a ▁party ▁po oper ". ▁However , ▁other ▁sources ▁suggest ▁the ▁term ▁" party ▁po oper " ▁is ▁derived ▁instead ▁from ▁" po oped ", ▁a ▁sl ang ▁word ▁for ▁" ex haust ed " ▁or ▁fat ig ued " ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁phrase ▁" party ▁po oper " ▁describes ▁an ▁individual ▁who ▁is ▁tired ▁of ▁a ▁party . ▁ ▁Use ▁in ▁comedy ▁ ▁The ▁word ▁is ▁often ▁used ▁in ▁comedy ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁obvious ▁opportunities ▁for ▁in nu endo . ▁▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Se inf eld ▁episode ▁" The ▁Ch aper one ," ▁the ▁exchange ▁" Oh , ▁you ' re ▁po oh - po oh ing ? ", ▁" Yes
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, ▁I ▁po oh - po oh " ▁between ▁K ram er ▁and ▁Jerry ▁is ▁enough ▁to ▁draw ▁a ▁laugh ▁from ▁the ▁audience . ▁ ▁In ▁The ▁Sim ps ons ▁episode ▁" Gu ess ▁Who ' s ▁Com ing ▁to ▁Crit ic ize ▁D inner ? ," ▁Hom er ▁Sim pson ▁is ▁employed ▁as ▁a ▁food ▁critic ▁by ▁an ▁editor ▁who ▁tells ▁him : ▁' We ▁need ▁someone ▁who ▁doesn ' t ▁immediately ▁po oh - po oh ▁everything ▁he ▁e ats .' ▁Hom er ▁repl ies : ▁' No ▁it ▁usually ▁takes ▁a ▁few ▁hours .' ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁BBC ▁comedy ▁Black ad der ▁Go es ▁For th ▁episode ▁" General ▁Hospital ", ▁the ▁in nu endo ▁is ▁stretched ▁to ▁its ▁limits : ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁H asty ▁general ization ▁ ▁Appe al ▁to ▁ridic ule ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁fall acies ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Rele v ance ▁fall acies <0x0A> </s> ▁All ium ▁gu an x ian ense ▁is ▁a ▁plant ▁species ▁end emic ▁to ▁S ich uan ▁in ▁China . ▁It ▁is ▁ ▁found ▁on ▁damp ▁sl opes ▁at ▁elev ations ▁of ▁ 1 8 0 0 – 2 0 0 0 ▁m . ▁ ▁All ium ▁gu an x ian ense ▁has ▁thick ▁f les hy ▁roots ▁but ▁thin ▁bul bs ▁rarely ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 0 mm ▁across . ▁Sc apes ▁are ▁up ▁to ▁ 6 0 cm ▁tall , ▁round ▁in ▁cross - section . ▁Le aves ▁are ▁flat , ▁narrow ly
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▁ob l ance olate , ▁shorter ▁than ▁the ▁sc ape ▁and ▁ 2 – 3 cm ▁wide . ▁U mb el ▁is ▁spher ical , ▁with ▁white ▁flowers . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁gu an x ian ense ▁Category : On ions ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁China ▁Category : Fl ora ▁of ▁S ich uan ▁Category : Pl ants ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 <0x0A> </s> ▁St å le ▁Eng en ▁( born ▁ 2 9 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Norweg ian ▁long - distance ▁runner ▁who ▁specialized ▁in ▁the ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁metres ▁steep le ch ase . ▁ ▁He ▁competed ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁European ▁Championships ▁without ▁reaching ▁the ▁final . ▁He ▁represented ▁the ▁club ▁IF ▁St url a . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁main ▁event , ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁metres ▁steep le ch ase , ▁he ▁became ▁Norweg ian ▁champion ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁bronze ▁medal ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁He ▁also ▁took ▁a ▁silver ▁medal ▁in ▁the ▁cross - country ▁running ▁( 3 ▁kilometres , ▁short ▁course ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 0 . ▁His ▁victory ▁in ▁the ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁metres ▁steep le ch ase ▁gave ▁Eng en ▁the ▁ 1 9 7 0 ▁King ' s ▁Cup . ▁In ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁he ▁set ▁a ▁new ▁Norweg ian ▁record ▁at ▁Stockholm ▁Olympic ▁Stadium ▁with ▁ 8 : 3 1 . 4
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▁minutes , ▁beating ▁Ar ne ▁R isa ' s ▁year - old ▁record ▁with ▁exactly ▁three ▁seconds . ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁the ▁record ▁was ▁improved ▁by ▁exactly ▁five ▁seconds ▁by ▁Sver re ▁S ør nes . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁other ▁running ▁events , ▁Eng en ▁cl ocked ▁ 1 : 5 2 . 8 ▁in ▁the ▁ 8 0 0 ▁metres ▁( 1 9 7 0 ); ▁ 3 : 4 5 . 0 ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 5 0 0 ▁metres ▁( 1 9 7 0 ); ▁ 4 : 1 2 . 7 ▁in ▁the ▁mile ▁run ▁( 1 9 7 1 ); ▁ 8 : 1 2 . 4 ▁in ▁the ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁metres ▁( 1 9 7 0 ); ▁and ▁ 1 4 : 0 1 . 6 ▁in ▁the ▁ 5 0 0 0 ▁metres ▁( 1 9 7 0 ). ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Dr ammen ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁male ▁long - distance ▁run ners ▁Category : N or weg ian ▁male ▁steep le ch ase ▁run ners <0x0A> </s> ▁Gl int ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁project ▁founded ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁by ▁ ▁J ase ▁Bl ank fort . ▁As ▁its ▁main ▁producer , ▁singer , ▁song writer , ▁and ▁multi - in strument al ist , ▁Bl ank fort ▁is ▁accompanied ▁by ▁Anders ▁F lem
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ing . ▁The ▁band ▁has ▁since ▁signed ▁to ▁V ot iv ▁and ▁announced ▁their ▁new ▁album ▁In verter , ▁out ▁March ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁History ▁J ase ▁Bl ank fort ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁Orange burg , ▁New ▁York , ▁a ▁sub urb ▁of ▁New ▁York ▁City ; ▁he ▁began ▁as ▁a ▁theatre ▁actor ▁in ▁his ▁early ▁teens ▁and ▁appeared ▁in ▁several ▁Broadway ▁and ▁off - Broad way ▁produ ctions ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁( including ▁works ▁by ▁Pam ▁G ems , ▁Anton ▁Che kh ov , ▁Rick y ▁Ian ▁Gordon , ▁T ina ▁Land au , ▁and ▁Jan usz ▁Gl ow aki ). ▁After ▁a ▁departure ▁from ▁the ▁stage ▁and ▁screen , ▁Bl ank fort ▁dropped ▁out ▁of ▁high ▁school , ▁rel oc ated ▁to ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁and ▁began ▁writing ▁music . ▁Var ious ▁ac oustic ▁performances ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁New ▁York , ▁and ▁Boston ▁showed ▁a ▁promising ▁future ▁for ▁Bl ank fort ▁and ▁spark ed ▁the ▁interest ▁of ▁an ▁enthusi astic ▁Boston ▁University ▁student ▁and ▁Bl ank fort ' s ▁brother , ▁Adam ▁Jordan ▁( Bl ank fort ), ▁who ▁was ▁eager ▁to ▁collabor ate ▁with ▁his ▁younger ▁brother . ▁Bl ank fort ▁and ▁Jordan ▁founded ▁R ely ▁Records , ▁an ▁independent ▁record ▁label ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁a ▁platform ▁for ▁Bl ank fort ’ s ▁bud ding ▁song writing ▁career . ▁During ▁a ▁short ▁visit ▁to ▁their ▁parent ' s ▁house ▁that ▁ultimately ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁permanent ▁move ▁back ▁east ,
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▁Bl ank fort ▁met ▁per cuss ive ▁innov ator ▁M ate us ▁T eb ald i , ▁a ▁native ▁of ▁Brazil ▁who ▁had ▁recently ▁arrived ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁from ▁Milan , ▁Italy . ▁ ▁Gl int ▁caught ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁producer - engine er ▁Nic ▁Hard ▁( The ▁Bra very , ▁Aber de en ▁City , ▁The ▁Kin ) ▁on ▁the ▁night ▁Gl int ▁was ▁c rowned ▁winners ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁Independent ▁Music ▁World ▁Series , ▁chosen ▁by ▁Bill board ▁Magazine , ▁and ▁he ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁produce ▁Sound ▁in ▁Sil ence ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁Son ically ▁orient ated ▁as ▁a ▁quart et ▁yet ▁created ▁as ▁a ▁du o , ▁T eb ald i ▁and ▁Bl ank fort ▁needed ▁to ▁fill ▁in ▁the ▁blank ▁spaces ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁do ▁the ▁record ▁justice ▁in ▁live ▁performances . ▁A ▁search ▁to ▁find ▁like - minded ▁individuals ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁tour ing ▁line up ▁of ▁T eb ald i , ▁Bl ank fort , ▁K uper berg ▁and ▁special ▁guests ▁Al on ▁L event on ▁( keys ) ▁and ▁Dave ▁John sen ▁( B ass ). ▁ ▁Gl int ▁tou red ▁Europe ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁The ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Sound ▁in ▁S ight ▁tour ▁brought ▁them ▁to ▁ 1 0 ▁countries ▁in ▁ 4 0 ▁days , ▁performing ▁ 3 0 ▁shows ▁across ▁England , ▁Scotland , ▁Ireland , ▁Germany , ▁Czech ▁Republic , ▁Austria , ▁and ▁the ▁Netherlands . ▁Not
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able ▁main ▁stage ▁festival ▁appearances ▁included ▁D ock ville ▁in ▁Hamburg , ▁Germany , ▁No order zon ▁in ▁G ron ingen , ▁Netherlands , ▁and ▁Castle pal oo za ▁in ▁T ull am ore , ▁Ireland . ▁Half ▁of ▁the ▁tour ▁included ▁support ▁dates ▁with ▁The ▁Air borne ▁T ox ic ▁Event , ▁M G MT , ▁and ▁the ▁Cry stal ▁Ant lers . ▁The ▁success ▁of ▁this ▁tour ▁put ▁Gl int ▁on ▁the ▁radar ▁of ▁N ME , ▁Art ro cker , ▁and ▁the ▁UK ▁Metro . ▁ ▁J ase ▁Bl ank fort ▁and ▁Al on ▁L event on ▁self - produ ced ▁GL INT ▁- ▁EP , ▁released ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁in ▁the ▁UK ▁and ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁in ▁the ▁US , ▁recorded ▁in ▁various ▁New ▁York ▁stud ios , ▁and ▁mixed ▁by ▁Michael ▁Bra uer ▁at ▁Electric ▁Lady ▁Studios . ▁ ▁Matt ▁Pin field ▁is ▁a ▁fan ▁of ▁the ▁band ▁and ▁had ▁them ▁on ▁his ▁show , ▁Matt ▁Pin field ▁in ▁the ▁M orn ings ▁on ▁ 1 0 1 . 9 ▁W RX P ▁for ▁an ▁un plug ged ▁performance ▁and ▁interview ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁Gl int ▁had ▁two ▁live ▁performances ▁on ▁F ear less ▁Music ▁which ▁was ▁a ired ▁on ▁FO X ▁TV ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁Gl int ▁tou red ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁March ▁and ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁performing ▁official ▁show cases ▁at ▁S
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X SW ▁and ▁supporting ▁the ▁electronic ▁artist ▁BT . ▁ ▁After ▁releasing ▁the ▁Int ro vert ▁and ▁Ext ro vert ▁EP s ▁in ▁late ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Gl int ▁will ▁be ▁releasing ▁their ▁full - length ▁album ▁In verter ▁on ▁March ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁on ▁V ot iv . ▁ ▁Style ▁Gl int ▁has ▁stead ily ▁built ▁a ▁dedicated ▁fan ▁base ▁in ▁the ▁underground ▁and ▁independent ▁music ▁scene . ▁Their ▁music ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁em ulative ▁of ▁early ▁David ▁B owie ▁and ▁E no - es que ▁atmosphere , ▁while ▁their ▁recent ▁release ▁has ▁dig ressed ▁and ▁br an ched ▁out ▁in ▁its ▁own ▁unique ▁direction . ▁Gl int ▁plays ▁“ A rena - ready ▁Rock ” ▁that ▁comb ines ▁a ▁wall ▁of ▁sound ▁with ▁pop ▁sens ibilities , ▁finding ▁the ▁dual ity ▁of ▁dream ▁pop ▁soft ness ▁with ▁post ▁rock ▁edge . ▁ ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁UK ▁Metro ▁stated ▁“ M use ' s ▁Matt ▁Bell amy ▁is ▁a ▁clear ▁influence ▁on ▁Gl int ▁singer ▁J ase ▁Bl ank fort , ▁but ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁outfit ▁are ▁arg u ably ▁even ▁more ▁epic ▁than ▁the ▁British ▁band , ▁full ▁of ▁gl ist ening ▁syn th s , ▁massive ▁hooks ▁and ▁or chestr al ▁sw at ches ▁[...] ▁This ▁may ▁be ▁your ▁only ▁chance ▁to ▁catch ▁them ▁in ▁relatively ▁intimate ▁surround s ▁before ▁the ▁inevitable ▁aren as .” ▁ ▁" In ▁the ▁musical ▁solar ▁system ▁of
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▁Gl int ' s ▁open ▁and ▁gl immer ing ▁sound , ▁vocals ▁pull ▁elements ▁from ▁Muse ▁and ▁a ▁little ▁bit ▁of ▁B owie ▁here ▁and ▁there " ▁states ▁The ▁Del i ▁Magazine , ▁in ▁a ▁review ▁of ▁Sound ▁in ▁Sil ence . ▁ ▁Bill board ▁called ▁Gl int ' s ▁live ▁show ▁“ air ▁tight ” ▁and ▁said ▁that ▁J ase ▁Bl ank fort ▁was ▁“ ir res ist ible .” ▁ ▁E arm il k ▁describes ▁that ▁the ▁new ▁release ▁serves ▁to ▁“ ... capture ▁a ▁ha unting ▁eth ere ality ▁in ▁the ▁context ▁of ▁alternative ▁folk ▁rock ." ▁ ▁Mode ▁to ▁Joy ▁ ▁Jordan ▁Le h ning , ▁son ▁of ▁noted ▁producer ▁Kyle ▁Le h ning ▁produced ▁the ▁band ' s ▁first ▁studio ▁effort , ▁Mode ▁to ▁Joy , ▁recorded ▁in ▁an ▁abandoned ▁ 1 8 0 0 s ▁fire house ▁throughout ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁“ I ▁almost ▁look ▁at ▁' Mode ▁to ▁Joy ' ▁as ▁a ▁memory … a ▁lot ▁of ▁the ▁songs ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁album ▁I ▁wrote ▁when ▁I ▁was ▁really ▁young , ▁in ▁my ▁early ▁teens . ▁Mode ▁To ▁Joy ▁[ serv es ▁as ] ▁a ▁photo ▁album ▁of ▁the ▁past , ▁once ▁we ▁were ▁given ▁the ▁resources ▁to ▁basically … do ▁anything ▁son ically , ▁we ▁just ▁naturally ▁and ▁organ ically ▁progress ed … ” ▁said ▁J ase ▁Bl ank fort . ▁Cont emporary ▁artist ▁Paul ▁K ost abi ▁created ▁the ▁album ▁art . ▁ ▁Sound ▁in ▁Sil ence ▁ ▁The ▁band '
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s ▁first ▁major ▁studio ▁effort , ▁Sound ▁in ▁Sil ence , ▁was ▁recorded ▁on ▁over ▁ ▁of ▁rural ▁land ▁at ▁the ▁King ▁Estate ▁V ine yard ▁in ▁Eug ene , ▁Oregon ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 – 1 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁at ▁Black berry ▁Hill ▁Studios ▁with ▁producer / engine er ▁Nic ▁Hard . ▁Cont emporary ▁renown ed ▁artist ▁Mark ▁K ost abi ▁created ▁the ▁album ▁art . ▁Following ▁the ▁release ▁of ▁Sound ▁in ▁Sil ence , ▁K ost abi ▁invited ▁Gl int ▁to ▁play ▁un plug ged ▁on ▁two ▁episodes ▁for ▁his ▁NY C ▁television ▁show , ▁Title ▁This . ▁ ▁Gl int ▁EP ▁ ▁With ▁albums ▁primarily ▁known ▁for ▁their ▁signature ▁blend ▁of ▁l ush ▁melod ies ▁and ▁clim actic ▁drum ming , ▁Gl int ▁released ▁a ▁self - t itled ▁ 5 - s ong ▁EP ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁( UK ) ▁and ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁( US ), ▁self - produ ced ▁and ▁mixed ▁by ▁Michael ▁Bra uer . ▁ ▁In verter ▁ ▁To ▁create ▁In verter , ▁Bl ank fort ▁took ▁a ▁new ▁approach ▁to ▁the ▁record ▁and ▁set ▁up ▁his ▁studio ▁in ▁empty ▁ware h ouses ▁in ▁his ▁hom et own ▁of ▁Ny ack , ▁later ▁completed ▁at ▁The ▁Lo ft ▁in ▁rural ▁Michigan . ▁During ▁the ▁process ▁Gl int ▁grew ▁from ▁essentially ▁a ▁solo ▁project ▁into ▁a ▁developed ▁“ wall ▁of ▁sound ”, ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁being ▁joined ▁by ▁Anders ▁F lem ing ▁as ▁per cussion
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ist ▁and ▁multi - in strument al ist . ▁In verter ▁comes ▁out ▁March ▁ 1 1 th , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁on ▁V ot iv . ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁Albums ▁ 2 0 0 6 : ▁Mode ▁to ▁Joy ▁ 2 0 0 8 : ▁Sound ▁in ▁Sil ence ▁ 2 0 0 9 : ▁Gl int ▁EP ▁ 2 0 1 5 : ▁Int ro vert ▁EP ▁ 2 0 1 5 : ▁Ext ro vert ▁EP ▁ 2 0 1 6 : ▁In verter ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Gl int ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁V ot iv ▁official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Ind ie ▁rock ▁musical ▁groups ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : Art ▁rock ▁musical ▁groups <0x0A> </s> ▁Pol ument a ▁is ▁a ▁surn ame . ▁Not able ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁surn ame ▁include : ▁ ▁D ado ▁Pol ument a ▁( born ▁ 1 9 8 2 ), ▁Mont en egr in ▁singer ▁Š ako ▁Pol ument a ▁( born ▁ 1 9 6 8 ), ▁Mont en egr in ▁singer <0x0A> </s> ▁Rem aster ▁refers ▁to ▁quality ▁enhancement ▁of ▁sound ▁and / or ▁picture ▁of ▁a ▁previously ▁existing ▁recording . ▁ ▁Rem aster ing ▁may ▁also ▁refer ▁to : ▁Software ▁rem aster ing , ▁the ▁process ▁of ▁custom izing ▁a ▁software ▁or ▁operating ▁system ▁distribution ▁for ▁personal ▁or ▁" off - label " ▁usage ▁Audio ▁master ing , ▁a ▁form
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▁of ▁audio ▁post - production ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁rem aster ing ▁software <0x0A> </s> ▁Official s ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Cr icket ▁World ▁Cup ▁were ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁U mp ire ▁selection ▁panel ▁and ▁the ▁information ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 2 ▁December , ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁U mp ire ▁selection ▁panel ▁selected ▁ 2 0 ▁u mp ires ▁to ▁off ici ate ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Cup : ▁five ▁were ▁from ▁Australia , ▁five ▁from ▁England , ▁five ▁from ▁Asia , ▁two ▁each ▁from ▁New ▁Zealand ▁and ▁South ▁Africa ▁and ▁one ▁from ▁West ▁Ind ies . ▁It ▁also ▁selected ▁five ▁match ▁ref ere es ▁for ▁the ▁event . ▁ ▁The ▁u mp ire ▁selection ▁panel ▁consisted ▁of ▁Geoff ▁All ard ice ▁( IC C ▁General ▁Manager ▁- ▁Cr icket ), ▁Ran jan ▁Mad ug alle ▁( IC C ▁Chief ▁Match ▁Referee ), ▁David ▁Lloyd ▁( former ▁player , ▁coach , ▁u mp ire ▁and ▁now ▁television ▁comment ator ) ▁and ▁S rin ivas ▁Ven k atar ag hav an ▁( former ▁elite ▁panel ▁u mp ire ). ▁ ▁U mp ires ▁Out ▁of ▁the ▁selected ▁u mp ires , ▁twelve ▁of ▁them ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁El ite ▁Panel ▁of ▁I CC ▁U mp ires ▁while ▁the ▁remaining ▁eight ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁International ▁Panel ▁of ▁U mp ires ▁and ▁Ref ere es . ▁ ▁The ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁El ite ▁Panel ▁of ▁I CC ▁u mp ires ▁are ▁generally ▁thought ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁best ▁u mp
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ires ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁and ▁hence ▁off ici ate ▁in ▁almost ▁all ▁international ▁cricket ▁tour naments ▁and ▁I CC ▁Events . ▁The ▁rest ▁six ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Panel ▁of ▁U mp ires ▁have ▁been ▁identified ▁as ▁emerging ▁and ▁talented ▁match ▁officials , ▁who ▁have ▁already ▁off ici ated ▁at ▁international ▁level ▁and ▁are ▁now ▁ready ▁to ▁u mp ire ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁Cup . ▁ ▁S ources : ▁ ▁Ref ere es ▁Five ▁ref ere es ▁were ▁also ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁selection ▁panel . ▁All ▁the ▁selected ▁ref ere es ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁El ite ▁Panel ▁of ▁I CC ▁Ref ere es ▁and ▁are ▁considered ▁as ▁the ▁best ▁cricket ▁ref ere es ▁in ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁officials ▁Category : C rick et ▁World ▁Cup ▁officials <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Init iative ▁& ▁Refer end um ▁Institute , ▁or ▁I & R ▁Institute , ▁is ▁a ▁ 5 0 1 ( c )( 3 ) ▁tax - ex empt ▁educational ▁and ▁research ▁organization ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁I & R ▁process . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁US C - Cal tech ▁Center ▁for ▁the ▁Study ▁of ▁Law ▁and ▁Politics . ▁ ▁Found ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 8 ▁by ▁M . ▁D ane ▁Wat ers , ▁the ▁I & R ▁Institute ▁is ▁dedicated ▁to ▁educ ating ▁citizens ▁about ▁how ▁the ▁initiative ▁and ▁refer end um ▁process ▁has ▁been ▁utilized ▁and ▁in ▁providing ▁information ▁to ▁citizens ▁so ▁they ▁understand ▁and ▁know ▁how ▁to ▁utilize ▁the ▁process
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. ▁ ▁The ▁Institute ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁international ▁source ▁for ▁non ▁part isan ▁information ▁on ▁the ▁initiative ▁and ▁refer end um ▁process ▁and ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Southern ▁California ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁when ▁John ▁G . ▁M ats us aka ▁took ▁over ▁as ▁president . ▁Mr . ▁Wat ers ▁still ▁serves ▁as ▁the ▁Chair ▁of ▁the ▁Institute . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Wayne ▁Pac elle , ▁Senior ▁Vice ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁Hum ane ▁Society ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁stated ▁that , ▁" the ▁Init iative ▁& ▁Refer end um ▁Institute ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁independent ▁voice ▁for ▁preserv ing ▁and ▁expanding ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁citizens ▁to ▁make ▁laws ▁directly ▁through ▁the ▁initiative ▁and ▁refer end um ▁process . ▁This ▁vital ▁tool ▁of ▁democracy ▁is ▁under ▁sie ge ▁by ▁special ▁interests , ▁and ▁the ▁Init iative ▁& ▁Refer end um ▁Institute ▁is ▁a ▁powerful ▁and ▁persu as ive ▁voice ▁for ▁the ▁right ▁of ▁I & R ." ▁ ▁Ed win ▁Me ese , ▁III , ▁former ▁U . S . ▁Attorney ▁General ▁under ▁President ▁Ronald ▁Reagan , ▁had ▁this ▁to ▁say ▁about ▁the ▁Institute , ▁"[ T ] he ▁Init iative ▁& ▁Refer end um ▁Institute ▁performs ▁a ▁valuable ▁service ▁to ▁the ▁Nation ▁by ▁providing ▁research ▁and ▁educational ▁programs ▁to ▁protect ▁and ▁expand ▁the ▁democratic ▁process ▁of ▁initiative ▁and ▁refer end um ▁by ▁the ▁people ▁in ▁the ▁several ▁states . ▁Having ▁this ▁elect oral ▁ability ▁is ▁a ▁critical ▁‘ s af ety ▁val ve ’ ▁for ▁effective ▁citizens hip ." ▁
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▁Sch ol arly ▁work ▁ ▁The ▁Init iative ▁& ▁Refer end um ▁Institute ▁studies ▁the ▁initiative ▁and ▁refer end um ▁process ▁and ▁pub l ishes ▁papers ▁and ▁mon ograph s ▁addressing ▁its ▁effect ▁on ▁public ▁policy , ▁citizen ▁participation ▁and ▁its ▁reflection ▁of ▁trends ▁in ▁American ▁thought ▁and ▁culture . ▁Public ations ▁include ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁books , ▁conference ▁papers ▁and ▁publications ▁that ▁enable ▁a ▁deeper ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁challenges ▁and ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁I & R ▁process . ▁ ▁The ▁I & R ▁Institute ▁pub l ishes ▁Ball ot ▁Watch , ▁which ▁keeps ▁readers ▁ab re ast ▁of ▁developments ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁of ▁ball ot ▁measures , ▁and ▁mon ograph s ▁on ▁subjects ▁such ▁as ▁its ▁report ▁on ▁tobacco - related ▁initiatives ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁the ▁sp ill - over ▁impact ▁of ▁ball ot ▁initiatives ▁into ▁candidate ▁races . ▁ ▁Lit igation ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁the ▁I RI ▁took ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Post al ▁Service ▁to ▁the ▁U . S . ▁Court ▁of ▁appe als ▁for ▁the ▁right ▁to ▁collect ▁sign atures ▁on ▁sidewalk s ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁post ▁office . ▁ ▁In ▁Init iative ▁& ▁Refer end um ▁Institute ▁v ▁U . S . ▁Post al ▁Service , ▁the ▁court ▁found ▁that ▁sidewalk s ▁that ▁were ▁parallel ▁to ▁the ▁street ▁were ▁public ▁but ▁that ▁sidewalk s ▁leading ▁into ▁buildings ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁used ▁for ▁campaign ing . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁E lector al ▁reform ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Ex
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ternal ▁links ▁I & R ▁Institute ▁website ▁I & R ▁Institute ▁Guide ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ball ot ▁measures ▁I & R ▁Institute ▁Guide ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁ball ot ▁measures ▁Library ▁of ▁I & R ▁publications ▁I & R ▁conference ▁papers ▁on ▁local ▁I & R ▁Major ▁court ▁cases , ▁list ▁compiled ▁by ▁I & R ▁Institute . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Port ions ▁of ▁this ▁page ▁have ▁been ▁adopted ▁from ▁Ball ot ped ia . ▁ ▁Category : B all ot ▁measures ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁U mber to ▁P uster la ▁( born ▁ 2 1 ▁October ▁ 1 9 6 7 ) ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁Italian ▁male ▁long - distance ▁runner ▁who ▁competed ▁at ▁ 1 1 ▁ed itions ▁of ▁the ▁I AA F ▁World ▁Cross ▁Country ▁Championships ▁( from ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 5 ). ▁ ▁Biography ▁He ▁won ▁two ▁med als ▁at ▁the ▁European ▁Cross ▁Country ▁Championships ▁with ▁the ▁national ▁team , ▁and ▁won ▁four ▁national ▁championship s ▁at ▁senior ▁level . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : It al ian ▁male ▁long - distance ▁run ners ▁Category : It al ian ▁male ▁cross ▁country ▁run ners <0x0A> </s> ▁Liz ▁Mar l antes ▁is ▁an ▁ABC ▁News ▁Cor respond ent . ▁ ▁She ▁joined ▁ABC ▁News ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁as ▁a ▁general ▁assignment ▁correspond
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ent ▁and ▁is ▁based ▁in ▁ABC ▁News ' ▁Washington ▁D . C . ▁bureau . ▁ ▁Mar l antes ▁graduated ▁mag na ▁cum ▁la ude ▁from ▁Harvard ▁University ▁ ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁where ▁she ▁studied ▁American ▁history ▁and ▁literature . ▁She ▁received ▁a ▁master ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁English ▁literature ▁from ▁Oxford ▁University ▁in ▁England . ▁ ▁Mar l antes ▁began ▁her ▁journal ism ▁career ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁as ▁a ▁general ▁assignment ▁reporter ▁and ▁editor ▁on ▁the ▁national ▁news ▁desk ▁in ▁Boston ▁for ▁the ▁Christian ▁Science ▁Monitor . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Mar l antes , ▁along ▁with ▁her ▁colle ague , ▁Abraham ▁Mc L augh lin , ▁won ▁the ▁Press ▁Club ' s ▁National ▁Head lin er ▁Award ▁for ▁the ▁series , ▁" V ox ▁American a ", ▁about ▁American ▁attitudes ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁Iraq ▁War . ▁During ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁presidential ▁election ▁Mar l antes ' ▁work ▁was ▁noticed ▁by ▁Washington ▁Post ▁press ▁watch er , ▁Howard ▁Kurt z , ▁who ▁op ined ▁that ▁she ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁bright , ▁young ▁journalists ▁that ▁is ▁a ▁rising ▁star ▁in ▁journal ism . ▁ ▁During ▁her ▁ten ure ▁at ▁the ▁Christian ▁Science ▁Monitor , ▁Mar l antes ▁was ▁often ▁seen ▁and ▁heard ▁providing ▁comment ary ▁on ▁news ▁programs ▁such ▁as ▁" This ▁Week ▁with ▁George ▁Ste phan op oul os ," ▁" N ight line ," ▁" The ▁Mc L augh lin ▁Group ," ▁" The ▁Chris ▁Matt
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he ws ▁Show ," ▁" In side ▁Politics ," ▁and ▁" W olf ▁Bl itzer ▁Re ports ." ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁panel ▁discussion ▁member ▁on ▁" F ox ▁News ▁Sunday " ▁round table ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ABC ▁News ▁This ▁Week ▁( USA ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : Christ ian ▁Science ▁Monitor ▁people ▁Category : Har vard ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Oxford <0x0A> </s> ▁K ad le c ▁( fem in ine ▁K ad le c ová ) ▁is ▁a ▁Czech ▁surn ame ▁meaning ▁we aver . ▁Not able ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁surn ame ▁include : ▁▁ ▁Andre j ▁K ad le c , ▁Slov ak ▁football er ▁ ▁Arnold ▁K ad le c , ▁Czech ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁ ▁D ra hom ír ▁K ad le c , ▁Czech ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁ ▁Ji ř ina ▁K ad le c ová , ▁Czech ▁field ▁hockey ▁player ▁ ▁Kl ára ▁K ad le c ová , ▁Czech ▁figure ▁sk ater ▁ ▁Mart a ▁K ad le c ová , ▁Czech ▁swim mer ▁ ▁Mich al ▁K ad le c , ▁Czech ▁football er ▁ ▁M iro sl av ▁K ad le c , ▁Czech ▁football er ▁ ▁Pet r ▁K ad le c , ▁Czech ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁
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▁Robert ▁K ad le c , ▁Assistant ▁Secretary ▁for ▁Pre pared ness ▁and ▁Response ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁V á cl av ▁K ad le c , ▁Czech ▁football er ▁ ▁Category : C zech - language ▁surn ames ▁Category : Occ up ational ▁surn ames <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Bul let ▁is ▁Not ▁for ▁F iring ▁is ▁the ▁fourth ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁third ▁series ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁comedy ▁series ▁Dad ' s ▁Army . ▁It ▁was ▁originally ▁trans mitted ▁on ▁Thursday ▁ 2 ▁October ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁ ▁Plot ▁As ▁the ▁' all ▁clear ' ▁air ▁raid ▁s ire n ▁bl ares , ▁Main w aring ▁and ▁Wilson ▁wake ▁up ▁from ▁a ▁s no o ze , ▁but ▁both ▁are ▁quick ▁to ▁deny ▁it . ▁As ▁they ▁go ▁into ▁the ▁hall ▁and ▁begin ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁tea , ▁Main w aring ▁remarks ▁on ▁a ▁low - f lying ▁plane ▁that ▁passed ▁over ▁Wal ming ton . ▁The ▁pl ato on ▁arrive . ▁Main w aring ▁asks ▁them ▁to ▁hand ▁in ▁their ▁am mun ition , ▁but ▁Jones ▁adm its ▁they ▁haven ' t ▁got ▁any . ▁They ▁wasted ▁it ▁all ▁shooting ▁at ▁the ▁low - f lying ▁Nazi ▁plane . ▁God f rey ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁one ▁with ▁a ▁full ▁magazine , ▁because ▁by ▁the ▁time ▁he ▁had ▁got ▁it ▁out ▁of ▁his ▁over co at , ▁the ▁plane ▁had ▁fl own ▁away . ▁As ▁the ▁pl ato on ▁prepare ▁to ▁make ▁a ▁cup ▁of ▁tea , ▁Main w
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aring ▁burst s ▁their ▁bubble ▁by ▁saying ▁their ▁rif les ▁have ▁to ▁be ▁pulled ▁through ▁and ▁bo iled ▁out . ▁ ▁Main w aring ▁decides ▁to ▁organ ise ▁a ▁thorough ▁search ▁around ▁the ▁area ▁to ▁find ▁the ▁missing ▁car tr idges . ▁As ▁they ▁leave ▁to ▁super v ise ▁the ▁rifle ▁maintenance , ▁Jones ▁is ▁having ▁a ▁bit ▁of ▁trouble ▁removing ▁his ▁pull - through , ▁and ▁several ▁methods ▁are ▁tried , ▁including ▁t ying ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁ban ister ▁and ▁pulling ▁it ▁out . ▁However , ▁it ▁destro ys ▁the ▁ban ister , ▁much ▁to ▁the ▁Ver ger ' s ▁ch agr in . ▁When ▁Main w aring ▁ties ▁it ▁to ▁a ▁thick er ▁pill ar , ▁the ▁string ▁breaks ▁and ▁it ▁becomes ▁impossible ▁to ▁remove . ▁Mrs ▁P ike ▁arrives ▁to ▁take ▁P ike ▁home , ▁and ▁sol ves ▁Jones ' ▁rifle ▁problem ▁by ▁pulling ▁the ▁string ▁out ▁from ▁the ▁other ▁end . ▁ ▁Later , ▁the ▁empty ▁car tr idges ▁are ▁collected , ▁but ▁Main w aring ▁decides ▁to ▁hold ▁a ▁Court ▁of ▁In quiry ▁to ▁find ▁out ▁what ▁really ▁happened . ▁Wilson ▁is ▁s cept ical , ▁but ▁Main w aring ▁reminds ▁him ▁that ▁honest y ▁is ▁the ▁best ▁policy . ▁The ▁two ▁officers ▁over see ing ▁the ▁In quiry , ▁Captain ▁Cut ts ▁and ▁Captain ▁P ring le , ▁are ▁keen ▁to ▁get ▁it ▁over ▁and ▁done ▁with ▁as ▁soon ▁as ▁possible , ▁as ▁they ▁have ▁made ▁alternative ▁arrangements . ▁ ▁Just ▁before ▁they ▁arrive , ▁a ▁box
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▁of ▁am mun ition ▁arrives ▁at ▁the ▁church ▁hall , ▁and ▁Main w aring ▁quickly ▁hands ▁it ▁out ▁to ▁the ▁men , ▁and ▁Jones ▁arrives ▁in ▁his ▁old ▁army ▁uniform ▁that ▁he ▁wore ▁under ▁Lord ▁Kitchen er . ▁He ▁lines ▁the ▁witnesses ▁outside , ▁and ▁they ▁prepare ▁to ▁begin ▁the ▁Court ▁of ▁In quiry . ▁However , ▁they ▁are ▁twice ▁interrupted ▁by ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁cho ir ▁as ▁they ▁arrive ▁for ▁the ▁Vic ar ' s ▁practice . ▁Through ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁en quiry , ▁it ▁is ▁revealed ▁that ▁Jones ▁gave ▁the ▁order ▁to ▁fire . ▁ ▁Suddenly , ▁thunder ▁cr ashes , ▁and ▁the ▁pl ato on ▁rush ▁in , ▁not ▁wanting ▁to ▁be ▁so aked . ▁Cut ts ▁and ▁P ring le , ▁who ▁are ▁becoming ▁quite ▁irrit ated , ▁decide ▁that ▁the ▁pl ato on ▁should ▁demonstrate ▁what ▁happened . ▁Jones ▁states ▁that ▁as ▁soon ▁as ▁he ▁spotted ▁the ▁plane , ▁he ▁gave ▁the ▁order ▁to ▁shoot . ▁Main w aring ▁correct s ▁him ▁by ▁saying ▁" fire ", ▁but ▁the ▁pl ato on ▁follow ▁his ▁command , ▁and ▁shoot ▁the ▁ceiling , ▁bringing ▁it ▁down ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁them . ▁Main w aring ▁suggests ▁they ▁meet ▁same ▁time , ▁same ▁place , ▁next ▁week . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Arthur ▁L owe ▁as ▁Captain ▁Main w aring ▁John ▁Le ▁Mes ur ier ▁as ▁Sergeant ▁Wilson ▁Cl ive ▁D unn ▁as ▁L ance ▁Corpor al ▁Jones ▁John ▁La ur ie ▁as ▁Private ▁Fra zer ▁James ▁Beck ▁as ▁Private ▁Walker ▁Arnold
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▁R id ley ▁as ▁Private ▁God f rey ▁Ian ▁Lav ender ▁as ▁Private ▁P ike ▁Jan et ▁Dav ies ▁as ▁Mrs ▁P ike ▁Frank ▁Williams ▁as ▁The ▁Vic ar ▁Edward ▁S incl air ▁as ▁The ▁Ver ger ▁Harold ▁Bennett ▁as ▁Mr ▁B le w itt ▁May ▁W arden ▁as ▁Mrs ▁Dow ding ▁Michael ▁Know les ▁as ▁Captain ▁Cut ts ▁Tim ▁Bar rett ▁as ▁Captain ▁P ring le ▁Fred ▁Tom l inson ▁as ▁Ch oir ▁member ▁Kate ▁For ge ▁as ▁Ch oir ▁member ▁E il id h ▁Mc N ab ▁as ▁Ch oir ▁member ▁Andrew ▁Day e ▁as ▁Ch oir ▁member ▁Arthur ▁Lewis ▁as ▁Ch oir ▁member ▁ ▁Notes ▁This ▁episode ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁feature ▁Edward ▁S incl air ▁as ▁the ▁Ver ger . ▁He ▁had ▁previously ▁appeared ▁in ▁" The ▁Show ing ▁Up ▁of ▁Corpor al ▁Jones ", ▁but ▁he ▁was ▁cred ited ▁and ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁care t aker ▁and ▁had ▁not ▁don ned ▁his ▁trad emark ▁black ▁c ass ock ▁and ▁yellow ▁d uster . ▁This ▁episode ▁features ▁the ▁only ▁reference ▁to ▁the ▁A xis ' s ▁anti - J uda ism ▁in ▁the ▁entire ▁show , ▁when ▁Walker ▁says ▁" they ▁fired ▁on ▁Mark s ▁& ▁Sp enc ers , ▁a ▁Jewish ▁firm , ▁you ▁know ". ▁ ▁Radio ▁episode ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : D ad ' s ▁Army ▁radio ▁episodes ▁Category : D ad ' s ▁Army ▁( series ▁ 3 ) ▁episodes ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁British ▁television
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▁episodes <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Le ut kir ch ▁Pul vert urm ▁or ▁Le ut kir ch ▁Pow der ▁Tower ▁() ▁was ▁built ▁towards ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century ▁on ▁the ▁sout heast ▁corner ▁of ▁Le ut kir ch ▁im ▁All g ä u , ▁ ▁B aden - W ür tt ember g , ▁Germany , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁re building ▁of ▁the ▁collapsed ▁town ▁wall . ▁The ▁tower ▁was ▁used ▁to ▁store ▁gun pow der , ▁was ▁sold ▁by ▁the ▁town ▁in ▁ 1 8 0 4 ▁and , ▁since ▁ 1 9 1 8 , ▁has ▁been ▁in ▁municipal ▁ownership ▁again . ▁It ▁is ▁listed ▁as ▁a ▁cultural ▁monument ▁by ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Le ut kir ch . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Den km all iste ▁der ▁Stadt ▁Le ut kir ch ▁im ▁All g ä u , ▁as ▁at ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁( pdf ; ▁ 3 6 6 ▁K B ) ▁ ▁Category : Round ▁tow ers ▁Category : 1 7 th - century ▁architecture ▁Le ut kir ch ▁im ▁All g ä u ▁Category : F ort ified ▁tow ers ▁in ▁Germany ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Rav ens burg ▁( d istrict ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Mart ina ▁Haven ith - New en ▁( 1 3 ▁April ▁ 1 9 6 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁German ▁chem ist . ▁ ▁Life ▁ ▁She ▁studied ▁physics ▁and ▁mathemat ics ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Bon n
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▁from ▁ 1 9 8 1 - 1 9 8 7 . ▁ ▁She ▁finished ▁her ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁physics ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁and ▁completed ▁her ▁hab il itation ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁she ▁is ▁a ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁Ru hr ▁University ▁Bo ch um . ▁ ▁Research ▁ ▁Her ▁research ▁focuses ▁on ▁inter m ole cular ▁interactions , ▁aggreg ation , ▁sol v ation , ▁molecular ▁recognition , ▁and ▁inf ra - red ▁and ▁TH z ▁spect ro sc opy . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁She ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Sciences ▁Leop old ina , ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁Europe , ▁and ▁the ▁Ö sterreich ischer ▁W issenschaft s rat . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : G erman ▁chem ists ▁Category : G erman ▁women ▁chem ists ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Bon n ▁al umn i ▁Category : R u hr ▁University ▁Bo ch um ▁faculty <0x0A> </s> ▁St anz el ▁is ▁a ▁surn ame . ▁Not able ▁people ▁with ▁the ▁name ▁include : ▁ ▁Franz ▁Karl ▁St anz el ▁( born ▁ 1 9 2 3 ), ▁Aust rian ▁literary ▁critics ▁Scott ▁St anz el ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 3 ), ▁political ▁app oin tee ▁in ▁the ▁administration ▁of ▁President ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁George ▁W . ▁Bush ▁Vol ker ▁St anz el ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 8
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), ▁German ▁diplom at ▁▁ ▁See ▁also ▁St ans el <0x0A> </s> ▁An ▁oil ▁sp ill ▁ign ition ▁occurred ▁in ▁M olo , ▁Kenya , ▁on ▁January ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁and ▁resulted ▁in ▁the ▁deaths ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 1 3 ▁people ▁and ▁critical ▁injuries ▁to ▁over ▁ 2 0 0 ▁more . ▁The ▁incident ▁occurred ▁when ▁an ▁oil ▁sp ill ▁from ▁an ▁over turn ed ▁truck ▁burst ▁into ▁flames ▁as ▁on look ers ▁attempted ▁to ▁obtain ▁rem n ants ▁of ▁the ▁sp illed ▁fuel ▁for ▁personal ▁use . ▁Res cu ers ▁suggested ▁the ▁cause ▁to ▁be ▁static ▁electricity , ▁an ▁accidentally - dis card ed ▁cigarette , ▁or ▁an ▁individual ▁anger ed ▁at ▁a ▁police ▁block ade ▁who ▁sought ▁v enge ance . ▁Police ▁have ▁described ▁the ▁car nage ▁as ▁Kenya ' s ▁worst ▁disaster ▁in ▁recent ▁times , ▁occurring ▁in ▁a ▁country ▁hit ▁by ▁frequent ▁fuel ▁short ages ▁and ▁just ▁days ▁after ▁a ▁super market ▁fire ▁killed ▁ 2 5 . ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁another ▁similar ▁accident ▁occurred , ▁when ▁an ▁oil ▁tank er ▁fire ▁killed ▁at ▁least ▁four ▁and ▁injured ▁nearly ▁ 5 0 ▁people ▁at ▁Kap ok y ek ▁village ▁near ▁Ker ich o . ▁The ▁victims ▁were ▁s iph oning ▁fuel ▁from ▁the ▁tank er ▁that ▁had ▁fallen ▁off ▁the ▁road . ▁ ▁Ken yan ▁disaster ▁management ▁ ▁The ▁fire ▁was ▁the ▁second ▁such ▁disaster ▁in ▁Kenya ▁that ▁week , ▁following ▁the ▁deaths ▁of ▁at
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▁least ▁ 2 5 ▁people ▁in ▁a ▁N airo bi ▁super market ▁when ▁a ▁branch ▁of ▁Nak um att ▁ ▁caught ▁fire . ▁The ▁Ken yan ▁media ▁has ▁been ▁critic ising ▁the ▁government ▁for ▁its ▁poor ▁safety ▁standards ▁and ▁in ade quate ▁disaster ▁preparation . ▁Following ▁that ▁bl aze , ▁the ▁Daily ▁Nation ▁reported ▁that ▁N airo bi ' s ▁three ▁million ▁inhabitants ▁were ▁served ▁only ▁by ▁one ▁fire ▁station ▁situated ▁close ▁to ▁a ▁traffic - ch oked ▁business ▁district . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Bah aw al pur ▁explosion , ▁similar ▁disaster ▁in ▁Kenya ▁Cat ast rop he ▁of ▁S ange ▁( 2 0 1 0 ), ▁a ▁similar ▁incident ▁in ▁DR ▁Cong o ▁involving ▁a ▁tank er ▁truck , ▁fuel ▁sc av eng ing , ▁and ▁a ▁lit ▁cigarette ▁Ok ob ie ▁road ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁and ▁I bad an ▁road ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁tank er ▁explos ions , ▁similar ▁incidents ▁in ▁Nigeria ▁C aph ir id z ange ▁explosion ▁( 2 0 1 6 ), ▁similar ▁incident ▁in ▁Moz amb ique ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁Kenya ▁pipeline ▁fire ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁fires ▁Category : 2 0 0 9 ▁in ▁Kenya ▁Category : F ires ▁in ▁Kenya ▁Category : De ath s ▁caused ▁by ▁pet role um ▁lo oting ▁Category : Jan uary ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁events ▁in ▁Africa <0x0A> </s> ▁Stuart ▁H ogg ▁( born ▁ 2 4 ▁June ▁
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1 9 9 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Scottish ▁rugby ▁union ▁player ▁who ▁has ▁more ▁than ▁sixty ▁caps ▁for ▁Scotland ▁and ▁plays ▁for ▁Ex eter ▁Ch iefs . ▁He ▁plays ▁full back ▁and ▁can ▁also ▁play ▁fly - half . ▁In ▁the ▁Six ▁Nations , ▁H ogg ▁was ▁twice ▁named ▁player ▁of ▁the ▁tournament - ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁H ogg ▁tou red ▁with ▁the ▁British ▁and ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁but ▁his ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁tour ▁was ▁cut ▁short ▁due ▁to ▁an ▁injury . ▁ ▁Rug by ▁Union ▁career ▁ ▁Am ateur ▁career ▁ ▁H ogg ▁was ▁a ▁pup il ▁at ▁Tr inity ▁Primary ▁School ▁and ▁Haw ick ▁High ▁School . ▁He ▁played ▁at ▁Haw ick ▁W ander ers , ▁Haw ick ▁and ▁Her iot ' s . ▁▁ ▁H ogg ▁has ▁been ▁draft ed ▁to ▁St irling ▁County ▁in ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Prem iers hip ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 – 9 ▁season . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁H ogg ▁made ▁seventy - two ▁War riors ▁appearances ▁in ▁season ▁ 2 0 1 0 – 1 1 ▁and ▁began ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 1 2 ▁Rab o Direct ▁PRO 1 2 ▁campaign ▁as ▁the ▁club ' s ▁starting ▁full - back . ▁He ▁was ▁named ▁in ▁the ▁Pro 1 2 ▁Dream ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 / 1 3 ▁season
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. ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁announced ▁in ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁that ▁Stuart ▁H ogg ▁had ▁signed ▁a ▁two - year ▁contract ▁extension ▁with ▁the ▁Glasgow ▁War riors , ▁keeping ▁him ▁at ▁the ▁club ▁until ▁at ▁least ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁He ▁signed ▁a ▁further ▁contract ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁taking ▁him ▁to ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 / 1 9 ▁season . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁H ogg ▁became ▁the ▁youngest ▁player ▁to ▁reach ▁ 1 0 0 ▁appearances ▁at ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁just ▁ 2 4 . ▁ ▁Scotland ▁national ▁team ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁represented ▁Scotland ▁at ▁under - 1 7 , ▁under - 1 8 , ▁and ▁under - 2 0 ▁level ▁before ▁he ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁gain ▁full ▁international ▁hon ours . ▁▁ 2 0 1 2 – 2 0 1 4 ▁ ▁He ▁gained ▁his ▁first ▁cap ▁for ▁the ▁Scotland ▁national ▁rugby ▁union ▁team ▁after ▁earning ▁a ▁call ▁up ▁to ▁Andy ▁Robinson ' s ▁ 3 6 - man ▁squad ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁following ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁impressive ▁performances ▁for ▁Glasgow . ▁H ogg ▁impressed ▁on ▁his ▁debut ▁against ▁Wales ▁in ▁Card iff , ▁coming ▁on ▁as ▁a ▁substitute ▁following ▁injury ▁to ▁Max ▁Evans . ▁H ogg ▁was ▁subsequently ▁named ▁in ▁the ▁starting ▁line - up ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁for ▁the ▁match ▁versus ▁France . ▁He ▁scored ▁his ▁first ▁try ▁for ▁Scotland ▁in ▁the ▁ 8 th ▁minute
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▁against ▁France . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁he ▁scored ▁his ▁second ▁and ▁third ▁international ▁tries ▁against ▁England ▁in ▁round ▁one ▁and ▁in ▁round ▁two ▁he ▁scored ▁against ▁the ▁Ital ians ▁an ▁inter cept ▁try ▁from ▁his ▁ 5 - met re ▁line ▁and ▁ran ▁ 9 5 ▁metres ▁to ▁score ▁his ▁third ▁international ▁try . ▁ ▁On ▁ 8 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁scored ▁his ▁ 4 th ▁international ▁try ▁against ▁France ▁at ▁Murray field . ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁March , ▁he ▁was ▁sent ▁off ▁in ▁a ▁Six ▁Nations ▁game ▁against ▁Wales ▁for ▁a ▁late ▁and ▁dangerous ▁hit ▁on ▁Dan ▁Big gar , ▁although ▁originally ▁shown ▁a ▁yellow ▁card ▁by ▁ref eree ▁J ér ô me ▁Garc ès ▁the ▁ref eree ▁then ▁looked ▁at ▁the ▁repl ays ▁on ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁big ▁screens ▁in ▁the ▁stadium ▁and ▁up graded ▁his ▁decision ▁to ▁a ▁red ▁card . ▁On ▁ 8 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁during ▁Scotland ' s ▁Summer ▁tour ▁he ▁made ▁his ▁first ▁appearance ▁against ▁the ▁US ▁after ▁his ▁red ▁card ▁against ▁Wales ▁and ▁he ▁marked ▁that ▁game ▁with ▁his ▁ 5 th ▁International ▁try . ▁On ▁ 1 4 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁sl otted ▁a ▁crucial ▁ 4 3 - met re ▁kick ▁to ▁secure ▁a ▁win ▁against ▁Canada ▁at ▁B MO ▁Stadium ▁the ▁final ▁score ▁was ▁ 1 7 – 1 9 ▁to ▁Scotland ▁during ▁the ▁Scotland ▁Summer ▁tour . ▁On ▁
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2 0 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁he ▁scored ▁his ▁sixth ▁try ▁for ▁Scotland ▁against ▁Argentina ▁during ▁the ▁Scotland ▁summer ▁tour . ▁Scotland ▁won ▁the ▁game ▁ 2 1 – 1 8 . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁a ▁role ▁in ▁Scotland ▁ 7 s ▁team ▁in ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁in ▁Glasgow ▁at ▁I bro x ▁Stadium . ▁He ▁scored ▁one ▁try ▁in ▁the ▁competition . ▁During ▁Scotland ' s ▁Aut umn ▁internation als ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁he ▁scored ▁two ▁tries , ▁one ▁against ▁Argentina ▁at ▁Murray field ▁and ▁one ▁against ▁T ong a ▁at ▁Rug by ▁Park , ▁Kil m arn ock . ▁▁ 2 0 1 5 – present ▁In ▁a ▁struggling ▁Scotland ▁side ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Championship , ▁H ogg ▁made ▁the ▁most ▁metres ▁( 4 4 2 ); ▁beat ▁the ▁most ▁defend ers ▁( 1 8 ); ▁and ▁made ▁the ▁second ▁most ▁carries ▁( 6 3 ). ▁Def ens ively , ▁he ▁also ▁made ▁a ▁significant ▁contribution ▁as ▁a ▁cover ▁tack ler , ▁particularly ▁against ▁England ▁where ▁he ▁made ▁four ▁last - d itch ▁tack les ▁in ▁the ▁opening ▁quarter ▁of ▁the ▁game . ▁ ▁Dom est ically ▁it ▁was ▁a ▁successful ▁season ▁for ▁H ogg , ▁with ▁Glasgow ▁War riors ▁winning ▁their ▁first ▁ever ▁Pro ▁ 1 2 ▁title ▁at ▁R aven hill ▁in ▁B elf ast . ▁ ▁H ogg ▁played ▁in ▁all ▁five ▁of ▁Scotland ' s ▁matches ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Rug by
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▁World ▁Cup , ▁in ▁which ▁Scotland ▁were ▁eliminated ▁at ▁the ▁quarter final ▁stage ▁by ▁Australia . ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Championship ▁again ▁saw ▁H ogg ▁in ▁the ▁thick ▁of ▁the ▁action , ▁scoring ▁tries ▁against ▁France ▁and ▁Ireland , ▁the ▁latter ▁an ▁inspired ▁ 5 5 - met re ▁individual ▁effort ▁after ▁collecting ▁a ▁high ▁ball . ▁He ▁was ▁also ▁widely ▁praised ▁for ▁his ▁creativity ▁throughout ▁the ▁tournament , ▁setting ▁up ▁tries ▁against ▁the ▁French ▁and ▁Italy . ▁Following ▁a ▁public ▁vote , ▁H ogg ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁the ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Championship , ▁the ▁first ▁Scottish ▁player ▁to ▁receive ▁the ▁award . ▁ ▁H ogg ▁had ▁a ▁great ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Championship ▁scoring ▁two ▁tries ▁against ▁Ireland , ▁he ▁then ▁continued ▁this ▁good ▁form ▁by ▁scoring ▁against ▁France . ▁In ▁the ▁last ▁game ▁of ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Championship ▁against ▁Italy ▁he ▁added ▁ 3 ▁points ▁with ▁the ▁boot ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 9 – 0 ▁victory . ▁He ▁received ▁a ▁second ▁success ive ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Championship ▁award , ▁becoming ▁the ▁second ▁person ▁to ▁achieve ▁this . ▁Stuart ▁H ogg ▁received ▁man ▁of ▁the ▁match ▁against ▁New ▁Zealand ▁ 1 8 / 1 1 / 1 7 . ▁He ▁is ▁now ▁recognised ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁best ▁full ▁backs ▁in ▁international ▁rugby . ▁On ▁ 2 5 ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁H ogg ▁was ▁injured ▁in ▁the ▁warm ▁up ▁before ▁the ▁game ▁against
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▁Australia . ▁ ▁In ▁November ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁it ▁was ▁announced ▁H ogg ▁would ▁be ▁leaving ▁Glasgow ▁War riors ▁after ▁nine ▁years , ▁and ▁joining ▁Ex eter ▁Ch iefs ▁after ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁R WC . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Championship , ▁H ogg ▁started ▁Scotland ' s ▁opening ▁game ▁against ▁Italy ▁and ▁their ▁second ▁round ▁cl ash ▁with ▁Ireland , ▁however ▁he ▁was ▁taken ▁out ▁just ▁after ▁kicking ▁the ▁ball ▁by ▁Irish ▁fl ank er ▁Peter ▁O ' M ah ony . ▁This ▁controversial ▁no ▁arms ▁tackle ▁resulted ▁in ▁a ▁shoulder ▁injury ▁for ▁H ogg ▁and ▁Referee ▁Jer ome ▁Gar ces ▁was ▁widely ▁critic ised ▁for ▁not ▁stopping ▁play ▁nor ▁checking ▁the ▁T MO . ▁H ogg ▁subsequently ▁sat ▁out ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁championship , ▁adding ▁to ▁Scotland ' s ▁injury ▁w oes . ▁ ▁H ogg ▁was ▁named ▁captain ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Championship , ▁starting ▁against ▁Ireland , ▁England , ▁Italy ▁and ▁France ▁and ▁being ▁set ▁to ▁start ▁against ▁Wales ▁before ▁the ▁worldwide ▁pandemic ▁of ▁Covid - 1 9 ▁halt ed ▁that ▁match . ▁He ▁scored ▁Scotland ' s ▁first ▁try ▁of ▁the ▁tournament ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 7 – 0 ▁victory ▁over ▁Italy , ▁running ▁in ▁from ▁his ▁own ▁half ▁to ▁score ▁in ▁the ▁corner . ▁He ▁also ▁crossed ▁the ▁line ▁against ▁Ireland , ▁but ▁dropped ▁the ▁ball ▁as ▁he ▁went ▁to ▁ground ▁it ▁with ▁his ▁right ▁hand . ▁ ▁International ▁Points
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▁ ▁S co res ▁and ▁results ▁indicate ▁Scotland ' s ▁and ▁British ▁and ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁point ▁t ally ▁first . ▁ ▁British ▁and ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁Scotland ▁players ▁called ▁up ▁for ▁the ▁L ions ▁squad ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁British ▁and ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁tour ▁to ▁Australia ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁youngest ▁player ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁tour . ▁ ▁H ogg ▁was ▁named ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁two ▁Scottish ▁players ▁in ▁the ▁initial ▁squad ▁selected ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁British ▁and ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁tour ▁to ▁New ▁Zealand ▁in ▁June ▁and ▁July .. ▁H ogg ▁was ▁injured ▁after ▁being ▁caught ▁by ▁the ▁elbow ▁of ▁team - mate ▁Con or ▁Murray ▁in ▁an ▁accident al ▁collision ▁during ▁his ▁third ▁appearance ▁of ▁the ▁tour ▁in ▁a ▁provincial ▁match , ▁and ▁left ▁the ▁tour ▁before ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁Test ▁Mat ches . ▁ ▁British ▁and ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁Points ▁ ▁Family ▁H ogg ▁married ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁and ▁became ▁a ▁father ▁later ▁that ▁year . ▁His ▁brother , ▁Graham , ▁has ▁played ▁for ▁Scotland ▁in ▁the ▁IR B ▁Sev ens ▁World ▁Series ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁representing ▁his ▁country ▁at ▁under - 1 8 , ▁under - 1 9 ▁and ▁under - 2 0 . ▁Their ▁father , ▁John , ▁played ▁for ▁Haw ick ▁before ▁becoming ▁a ▁ref eree . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁following ▁his ▁Scotland ▁debut , ▁he ▁discovered ▁he
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▁was ▁a ▁distant ▁relative ▁of ▁George ▁Best . ▁A ▁close ▁relative ▁of ▁Best ▁recognised ▁the ▁link ▁after ▁seeing ▁H ogg ▁play ▁on ▁television . ▁ ▁Popular ▁culture ▁H ogg ▁is ▁briefly ▁mentioned ▁on ▁Pot ter more , ▁in ▁an ▁ex cer pt ▁written ▁by ▁J . K . ▁Row ling ▁for ▁the ▁website , ▁suggesting ▁that ▁he ▁and ▁fellow ▁players ▁Jim ▁Hamilton ▁and ▁Kelly ▁Brown ▁are ▁in ▁fact ▁squ ib s ▁– ▁w izard - born ▁with ▁no ▁magical ▁powers ▁– ▁mas quer ading ▁as ▁m ug gles . ▁In ▁a ▁twe et , ▁J . K . ▁Row ling ▁later ▁ins in uated ▁that ▁H ogg ▁was , ▁in ▁fact , ▁a ▁full - f led ged ▁W izard . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁ ▁Glasgow ▁War riors ▁Gu in ness ▁Pro 1 2 ▁Champions : ▁ 2 0 1 4 - 1 5 ▁▁ ▁Individual ▁R BS ▁Six ▁Nations ▁Player ▁of ▁the ▁Championship : ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁profile ▁at ▁Scottish ▁Rug by ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : A yr ▁R FC ▁players ▁Category : B rit ish ▁and ▁Irish ▁L ions ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁from ▁Scotland ▁Category : Gl as gow ▁War riors ▁players ▁Category : H aw ick ▁R FC ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁educated ▁at ▁Haw ick ▁High ▁School ▁Category : Play ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁ 6 ▁Nations
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▁Category : R ug by ▁union ▁full backs ▁Category : Sc ot land ▁international ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁Category : Sc ott ish ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁the ▁Scottish ▁B orders ▁Category : St irling ▁County ▁R FC ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁ 7 7 4 ▁Arm or ▁is ▁a ▁minor ▁planet ▁orbit ing ▁the ▁Sun . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Light cur ve ▁plot ▁of ▁ 7 7 4 ▁Arm or , ▁Pal mer ▁Div ide ▁Observ atory , ▁B . ▁D . ▁Warner ▁( 2 0 0 6 ) ▁ ▁A ster oid ▁Light cur ve ▁Database ▁( LC DB ), ▁query ▁form ▁( info ) ▁ ▁Dictionary ▁of ▁Minor ▁Plan et ▁Names , ▁Google ▁books ▁ ▁A ster oids ▁and ▁com ets ▁rotation ▁curves , ▁C d R ▁– ▁Observ ato ire ▁de ▁Gen ève , ▁Ra oul ▁Be h rend ▁ ▁Dis covery ▁Circ um stances : ▁Number ed ▁Minor ▁Plan ets ▁( 1 )- ( 5 0 0 0 ) ▁– ▁Minor ▁Plan et ▁Center ▁▁▁▁▁▁ 0 0 0 7 7 4 ▁Category : Dis cover ies ▁by ▁C . ▁le ▁Mor van ▁Category : Min or ▁planets ▁named ▁for ▁places ▁Category : Named ▁minor ▁planets ▁ 1 9 1 3 1 2 1 9 <0x0A> </s> ▁Michael ▁C ie ply ▁( born ▁ 1 9 5 1 ) ▁is ▁an ▁entertainment ▁industry ▁writer , ▁first ▁for ▁The ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal ▁and ▁then ▁for ▁Talk ▁magazine ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁media ▁correspond
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ent ▁for ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times . ▁Here ▁he ▁covers ▁Hollywood ▁for ▁the ▁media ▁desk . ▁He ▁joined ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁as ▁a ▁movie ▁editor . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s , ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁film ▁producer ▁for ▁Sony ▁for ▁eight ▁and ▁a ▁half ▁years ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁producing ▁or ▁trying ▁to ▁produce ▁movies ▁and ▁TV ▁programs . ▁While ▁working ▁for ▁Sony , ▁C ie ply ▁would ▁consult ▁with ▁Ray ▁St ark ▁Produ ctions . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁production ▁executive ▁for ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁companies , ▁including ▁ABC , ▁Columbia ▁Pictures , ▁Disney , ▁Fox , ▁Universal , ▁and ▁United ▁Airlines . ▁C ie ply ▁also ▁was ▁an ▁editor ▁and ▁reporter ▁for ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Times , ▁where ▁he ▁covered ▁entertainment ▁and ▁media ▁for ▁the ▁business ▁section ▁and ▁for ▁various ▁publications ▁such ▁as ▁For bes ▁magazine ▁and ▁The ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal . ▁▁ ▁He ▁was ▁currently ▁a ▁staff ▁editor ▁in ▁the ▁Culture ▁section ▁of ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times . ▁C ie ply ▁was ▁the ▁West ▁Coast ▁editor ▁of ▁Inside . com , ▁a ▁website ▁covering ▁the ▁media ▁and ▁entertainment ▁industries . ▁He ▁has ▁covered ▁entertainment ▁for ▁over ▁ 1 7 ▁years . ▁ ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁Dead line ▁Hollywood ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Book ▁The ▁H ear sts : ▁Family ▁and ▁Empire ▁with ▁Lind say ▁Ch an ey ▁( 1 9 8 1 ▁Simon ▁& ▁Sch uster ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁S ources ▁Front line ▁interview
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▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : The ▁Wall ▁Street ▁Journal ▁people ▁Category : The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁ed itors ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁journalists <0x0A> </s> ▁S put nik ▁Plan it ia ▁, ▁originally ▁S put nik ▁Plan um , ▁is ▁a ▁high - al bed o ▁ice - covered ▁bas in ▁on ▁Pl uto , ▁about ▁ ▁in ▁size , ▁named ▁after ▁Earth ' s ▁first ▁artificial ▁satellite , ▁S put nik ▁ 1 . ▁It ▁const itutes ▁the ▁western ▁l obe ▁of ▁the ▁heart - shaped ▁T omb augh ▁Reg io . ▁S put nik ▁Plan it ia ▁lies ▁mostly ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁hem is phere , ▁but ▁extends ▁across ▁the ▁equ ator . ▁Much ▁of ▁it ▁has ▁a ▁surface ▁of ▁ir regular ▁pol yg ons ▁separated ▁by ▁tr ough s , ▁interpreted ▁as ▁conve ction ▁cells ▁in ▁the ▁relatively ▁soft ▁nit rogen ▁ice . ▁The ▁pol yg ons ▁average ▁about ▁ ▁across . ▁In ▁some ▁cases ▁tr ough s ▁are ▁pop ulated ▁by ▁block y ▁mountains ▁or ▁hills , ▁or ▁contain ▁dark er ▁material . ▁There ▁appear ▁to ▁be ▁wind ▁streak s ▁on ▁the ▁surface ▁with ▁evidence ▁of ▁sub lim ation . ▁The ▁dark ▁streak s ▁are ▁a ▁few ▁kilom eters ▁long ▁and ▁all ▁aligned ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁direction . ▁The ▁plan it ia ▁also ▁contains ▁p its ▁apparently ▁formed ▁by ▁sub lim ation
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. ▁No ▁cr aters ▁were ▁detect able ▁by ▁New ▁Hor iz ons , ▁imp lying ▁a ▁surface ▁less ▁than ▁ 1 0 ▁million ▁years ▁old . ▁Model ing ▁sub lim ation ▁pit ▁formation ▁yields ▁a ▁surface ▁age ▁estimate ▁of ▁ ▁years . ▁Near ▁the ▁north west ▁margin ▁is ▁a ▁field ▁of ▁trans verse ▁d unes ▁( per pend icular ▁to ▁the ▁wind ▁streak s ), ▁sp aced ▁about ▁ 0 . 4 ▁to ▁ 1 km ▁apart , ▁that ▁are ▁thought ▁to ▁be ▁composed ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 - 3 0 0 ▁ μ m ▁diameter ▁particles ▁of ▁meth ane ▁ice ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁nearby ▁Al - Id ris i ▁Mont es . ▁ ▁Com position ▁The ▁ice ▁compos ing ▁the ▁bas in ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁consist ▁primarily ▁of ▁nit rogen ▁ice , ▁with ▁smaller ▁fra ctions ▁of ▁carbon ▁mon ox ide ▁and ▁meth ane ▁ice , ▁although ▁relative ▁proport ions ▁are ▁uncertain . ▁At ▁Pl uto ' s ▁amb ient ▁temperature ▁of ▁, ▁nit rogen ▁and ▁carbon ▁mon ox ide ▁ ices ▁are ▁den ser ▁and ▁much ▁less ▁rigid ▁than ▁water ▁ice , ▁making ▁gl ac ial - like ▁flows ▁possible ; ▁nit rogen ▁ice ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁volatile . ▁The ▁nit rogen ▁ice ▁of ▁the ▁bas in ▁rest s ▁on ▁Pl uto ' s ▁cr ust ▁mostly ▁composed ▁of ▁much ▁more ▁rigid ▁water ▁ice . ▁ ▁Origin ▁S put nik ▁Plan it ia ▁likely ▁origin ated ▁as ▁an ▁impact ▁bas in ▁that ▁subsequently ▁collected ▁volatile ▁ ices . ▁The
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▁size ▁of ▁the ▁hyp ot het ical ▁impact or ▁has ▁been ▁estimated ▁as ▁ 1 5 0 – 3 0 0 km . ▁Altern atively , ▁it ▁has ▁been ▁suggested ▁that ▁the ▁accum ulation ▁of ▁ ices ▁in ▁this ▁location ▁depressed ▁the ▁surface ▁there , ▁leading ▁to ▁formation ▁of ▁a ▁bas in ▁via ▁a ▁positive ▁feedback ▁process ▁without ▁an ▁impact . ▁The ▁accum ulation ▁of ▁several ▁kilom eters ▁of ▁nit rogen ▁ice ▁in ▁the ▁bas in ▁was ▁in ▁part ▁a ▁consequence ▁of ▁its ▁higher ▁surface ▁pressure , ▁which ▁leads ▁to ▁a ▁higher ▁N 2 ▁cond ens ation ▁temperature . ▁The ▁positive ▁temperature ▁gradient ▁of ▁Pl uto ' s ▁atmosphere ▁cont ributes ▁to ▁making ▁a ▁top ographic ▁depression ▁a ▁cold ▁trap . ▁ ▁The ▁terrain ▁on ▁Pl uto ▁ant ip od al ▁to ▁S put nik ▁Plan it ia ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁altered ▁by ▁the ▁focusing ▁there ▁of ▁se ism ic ▁energy ▁from ▁the ▁form ative ▁impact . ▁While ▁this ▁suggestion ▁is ▁tent ative ▁in ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁poor ▁resolution ▁of ▁the ▁imag ing ▁of ▁the ▁ant ip od al ▁region , ▁the ▁concept ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁what ▁has ▁been ▁proposed ▁for ▁areas ▁ant ip od al ▁to ▁the ▁Cal or is ▁bas in ▁on ▁Mer cury ▁and ▁M are ▁O rient ale ▁on ▁the ▁Moon . ▁ ▁A ▁high ▁season al ▁thermal ▁in ert ia ▁of ▁Pl uto ' s ▁surface ▁is ▁an ▁important ▁driver ▁of ▁de position ▁of ▁nit rogen ▁ice ▁at ▁low ▁lat itudes . ▁These ▁lat itudes ▁receive ▁less
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▁annual ▁ins olation ▁than ▁Pl uto ' s ▁polar ▁regions ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁high ▁ob li qu ity ▁( 1 2 2 . 5 ° ). ▁The ▁cold est ▁regions ▁on ▁Pl uto , ▁on ▁average , ▁are ▁at ▁ 3 0 ° ▁N . ▁and ▁S . ▁lat itude ; ▁early ▁in ▁Pl uto ' s ▁history , ▁ice ▁would ▁tend ▁to ▁accum ulate ▁at ▁these ▁lat itudes ▁in ▁a ▁run away ▁process ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁positive ▁feedback ▁association ▁of ▁increased ▁al bed o , ▁cooling ▁and ▁further ▁ice ▁de position ▁( sim ilar ▁to ▁the ▁ice ▁seg regation ▁that ▁occurred ▁on ▁I ap et us ). ▁Sim ulations ▁suggest ▁that ▁over ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁about ▁a ▁million ▁years , ▁the ▁run away ▁process ▁would ▁collect ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁ice ▁into ▁a ▁single ▁cap ▁even ▁in ▁the ▁absence ▁of ▁a ▁p ree x isting ▁bas in . ▁ ▁The ▁accum ulation ▁of ▁dense ▁nit rogen ▁ice ▁would ▁have ▁contributed ▁to ▁making ▁S put nik ▁Plan it ia ▁a ▁positive ▁gravity ▁anom aly , ▁but ▁by ▁itself ▁would ▁not ▁have ▁been ▁sufficient ▁to ▁overcome ▁the ▁top ographic ▁depression ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁bas in . ▁However , ▁other ▁effects ▁of ▁an ▁impact ▁event ▁( see ▁below ) ▁could ▁have ▁also ▁contributed ▁to ▁such ▁an ▁anom aly . ▁A ▁positive ▁gravity ▁anom aly ▁could ▁have ▁caused ▁polar ▁w ander , ▁re orient ing ▁the ▁spin ▁axis ▁of ▁Pl uto ▁to ▁put ▁the ▁plan it ia ▁near ▁the ▁Pl uto - Ch aron ▁tid al ▁axis
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▁( the ▁minimum - energy ▁configuration ). ▁S put nik ▁Plan it ia ▁is ▁present ly ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁anti - Ch aron ▁point ▁on ▁Pl uto , ▁a ▁result ▁that ▁has ▁less ▁than ▁a ▁ 5 % ▁probability ▁of ▁ar ising ▁by ▁chance . ▁ ▁If ▁S put nik ▁Plan it ia ▁was ▁created ▁by ▁an ▁impact , ▁then ▁explaining ▁the ▁positive ▁gravity ▁anom aly ▁requires ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁a ▁sub surface ▁liquid ▁water ▁ocean ▁below ▁Pl uto ' s ▁water ▁ice ▁cr ust ; ▁is ost atic ▁u pl ift ▁of ▁the ▁th inned ▁cr ust ▁and ▁consequ ent ▁intr usion ▁of ▁den ser ▁liquid ▁water ▁below ▁the ▁bas in ▁would ▁account ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁anom aly . ▁Grad ual ▁free zing ▁of ▁such ▁an ▁ocean , ▁in ▁combination ▁with ▁polar ▁w ander ▁and ▁the ▁loading ▁of ▁S put nik ▁Plan it ia ▁with ▁ice , ▁would ▁also ▁explain ▁the ▁ext ensional ▁t ect onic ▁features ▁seen ▁across ▁Pl uto . ▁Altern atively , ▁if ▁the ▁accum ulation ▁of ▁ice ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁cap ▁( without ▁an ▁impact ) ▁created ▁a ▁positive ▁gravity ▁anom aly ▁that ▁re oriented ▁Pl uto ▁prior ▁to ▁formation ▁of ▁a ▁bas in , ▁the ▁tid al ▁bul ge ▁raised ▁by ▁Char on ▁might ▁then ▁have ▁maintained ▁Pl uto ' s ▁orientation ▁even ▁if ▁the ▁positive ▁anom aly ▁later ▁disappeared . ▁ ▁The ▁creation ▁of ▁the ▁gravity ▁anom aly ▁is ▁thought ▁to ▁require ▁thin ning ▁the ▁ice ▁cr ust ▁by ▁~ 9 0 km ▁below
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▁S put nik ▁Plan um . ▁However , ▁the ▁cr ust ▁must ▁be ▁kept ▁cool ▁to ▁maintain ▁such ▁variations ▁in ▁its ▁thickness . ▁Model ing ▁has ▁suggested ▁that ▁this ▁can ▁be ▁explained ▁if ▁underneath ▁Pl uto ' s ▁water ▁ice ▁cr ust ▁is ▁a ▁layer ▁of ▁meth ane ▁hy dr ate . ▁This ▁cl ath rate ▁has ▁ins ulating ▁properties ; ▁its ▁thermal ▁conduct ivity ▁is ▁about ▁ 5 – 1 0 ▁times ▁less ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁water ▁ice ▁( it ▁also ▁has ▁a ▁vis cos ity ▁roughly ▁an ▁order ▁of ▁magnitude ▁greater ▁than ▁that ▁of ▁water ▁ice ). ▁The ▁additional ▁ins ulation ▁would ▁help ▁to ▁maintain ▁the ▁layer ▁of ▁water ▁below ▁it ▁in ▁a ▁liquid ▁state , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁keep ▁the ▁ice ▁cr ust ▁above ▁it ▁cool . ▁A ▁similar ▁mechanism ▁may ▁contribute ▁to ▁the ▁formation ▁of ▁sub surface ▁o ce ans ▁on ▁other ▁outer ▁Solar ▁System ▁satell ites ▁and ▁trans - Ne pt un ian ▁objects . ▁ ▁Con ve ction ▁cells ▁ ▁The ▁pol yg onal ▁structure ▁is ▁a ▁sign ▁of ▁conve ction ▁of ▁the ▁nit rogen / car bon ▁mon ox ide ▁ice , ▁with ▁ice ▁war med ▁by ▁heat ▁from ▁the ▁interior ▁well ing ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁cells , ▁spreading ▁and ▁then ▁s inking ▁at ▁the ▁rid ged ▁marg ins . ▁Con ve ction ▁cells ▁have ▁about ▁ 1 0 0 ▁m ▁of ▁vertical ▁relief , ▁with ▁the ▁highest ▁points ▁being ▁at ▁their ▁centers . ▁Model ing ▁of ▁nit rogen ▁ice ▁conve ction ▁cells ▁suggests
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▁a ▁depth ▁of ▁about ▁one ▁t enth ▁their ▁width , ▁or ▁ 3 – 4 km ▁for ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁plan it ia , ▁and ▁a ▁maximum ▁flow ▁rate ▁of ▁about ▁ 7 cm ▁per ▁year . ▁Cell ▁marg ins ▁can ▁become ▁pin ched ▁off ▁and ▁abandoned ▁as ▁cells ▁ev olve . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁cells ▁are ▁covered ▁by ▁Sub lim ation ▁p its . ▁These ▁p its ▁grow ▁larger ▁by ▁sub lim ation ▁during ▁ ▁transport ▁ ▁from ▁ ▁the ▁centers ▁to ▁the ▁edges ▁of ▁conve ction ▁cells . ▁Using ▁their ▁size ▁distribution , ▁scientists ▁have ▁estimated ▁a ▁conve ction ▁velocity ▁of ▁ ▁cm ▁per ▁year , ▁imp lying ▁a ▁surface ▁age ▁of ▁ ▁years . ▁ ▁Other ▁obvious ▁indic ations ▁of ▁ice ▁flow ▁visible ▁in ▁images ▁of ▁the ▁plan it ia ▁include ▁examples ▁of ▁valley - type ▁gl ac iers ▁flowing ▁down ▁into ▁the ▁bas in ▁from ▁adjacent ▁eastern ▁high lands ▁( the ▁right ▁l obe ▁of ▁T omb augh ▁Reg io ), ▁presumably ▁in ▁response ▁to ▁de position ▁of ▁nit rogen ▁ice ▁there , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁ice ▁from ▁the ▁plan it ia ▁flowing ▁into ▁and ▁filling ▁adjacent ▁depress ions . ▁The ▁plan it ia ▁has ▁numerous ▁block y ▁hills ▁( one ▁to ▁several ▁km ▁across ) ▁that ▁form ▁aggreg ations ▁at ▁cell ▁marg ins ▁up ▁to ▁ 2 0 km ▁across ; ▁these ▁may ▁represent ▁floating ▁chunks ▁of ▁det ached ▁water ▁ice ▁cr ust ▁that ▁were ▁carried ▁onto ▁the ▁plan it ia ▁by ▁gl ac ial
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▁flow ▁and ▁were ▁then ▁collected ▁into ▁tr ough s ▁by ▁the ▁conve ction . ▁In ▁some ▁cases ▁the ▁hills ▁seem ▁to ▁form ▁chains ▁along ▁the ▁entry ▁paths ▁of ▁gl ac iers . ▁The ▁hills ▁may ▁also ▁congreg ate ▁in ▁non con ve ct ing ▁regions ▁when ▁they ▁get ▁stuck ▁at ▁locations ▁where ▁the ▁nit rogen ▁ice ▁becomes ▁too ▁shallow . ▁ ▁The ▁plan it ia ▁has ▁numerous ▁p its ▁that ▁are ▁thought ▁to ▁result ▁from ▁fract uring ▁and ▁sub lim ation ▁of ▁nit rogen ▁ice ; ▁these ▁p its ▁also ▁collect ▁in ▁the ▁marg ins ▁of ▁conve ction ▁cells . ▁Often ▁the ▁bottom s ▁of ▁the ▁p its ▁are ▁dark , ▁which ▁may ▁represent ▁an ▁accum ulation ▁of ▁th ol ins ▁left ▁behind ▁by ▁the ▁sub lim ing ▁ice , ▁or ▁a ▁dark ▁substr ate ▁below ▁the ▁plan it ia , ▁if ▁the ▁p its ▁pen et rate ▁all ▁the ▁way ▁through ▁the ▁ice . ▁In ▁regions ▁of ▁the ▁plan it ia ▁where ▁conve ction ▁cells ▁are ▁not ▁apparent , ▁the ▁p its ▁are ▁more ▁numerous . ▁ ▁B ord ering ▁mont es ▁ ▁On ▁its ▁north west , ▁S put nik ▁Plan it ia ▁is ▁b ordered ▁by ▁a ▁cha otic ▁set ▁of ▁block y ▁mountains , ▁the ▁al - Id ris i ▁Mont es , ▁which ▁may ▁have ▁formed ▁via ▁the ▁collapse ▁of ▁adjacent ▁water ▁ice ▁high lands ▁onto ▁the ▁plan it ia . ▁ ▁On ▁its ▁south west , ▁the ▁plan it ia ▁is ▁b ordered ▁by ▁the ▁Hillary ▁Mont
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es , ▁rising ▁ ▁above ▁the ▁surface , ▁and , ▁further ▁south , ▁the ▁N org ay ▁Mont es , ▁rising ▁ ▁above ▁the ▁surface . ▁These ▁mountains ▁also ▁have ▁a ▁cha otic , ▁block y ▁character . ▁The ▁mountains ▁were ▁named ▁after ▁Sir ▁Ed mund ▁Hillary , ▁New ▁Zealand ▁mount aine er , ▁and ▁Nep ales e ▁Sher pa ▁mount aine er ▁T enz ing ▁N org ay , ▁who ▁were ▁the ▁first ▁clim bers ▁to ▁reach ▁the ▁summit ▁of ▁the ▁highest ▁peak ▁on ▁Earth , ▁Mount ▁Ever est , ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁May ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁Some ▁groups ▁of ▁hills ▁in ▁the ▁bas in ▁are ▁named ▁after ▁space craft ; ▁for ▁example , ▁“ Co let a ▁de ▁D ados ”, ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁Brazil ian ▁satellite ▁launched ▁into ▁space . ▁ ▁Im medi ately ▁to ▁the ▁south west ▁of ▁the ▁N org ay ▁Mont es ▁( context ) ▁is ▁a ▁large , ▁circular ▁mountain ▁with ▁a ▁central ▁depression , ▁Wright ▁Mons . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁identified ▁as ▁a ▁possible ▁cry ov ol c ano . ▁ ▁N aming ▁ ▁The ▁inform al ▁name ▁S put nik ▁Plan um ▁was ▁first ▁announced ▁by ▁the ▁New ▁Hor iz ons ▁team ▁on ▁a ▁press ▁conference ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁A ▁plan um ▁is ▁a ▁flat ▁region ▁of ▁higher ▁elev ation ▁( a ▁plate au ). ▁When ▁top ographical ▁data ▁was ▁analyzed ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁it
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▁became ▁clear ▁that ▁S put nik ▁is ▁actually ▁a ▁bas in , ▁and ▁the ▁inform al ▁name ▁was ▁changed ▁to ▁S put nik ▁Plan it ia ▁later ▁that ▁year . ▁The ▁name ▁was ▁still ▁inform al ▁because ▁it ▁had ▁not ▁yet ▁been ▁adopted ▁by ▁the ▁International ▁Astr onom ical ▁Union ▁( IA U ). ▁On ▁ 7 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁the ▁name ▁was ▁officially ▁approved ▁together ▁with ▁the ▁names ▁of ▁T omb augh ▁Reg io ▁and ▁ 1 2 ▁other ▁nearby ▁surface ▁features . ▁ ▁Gallery ▁ ▁An imated ▁videos ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Ge ography ▁of ▁Pl uto ▁ ▁Ge ology ▁of ▁Pl uto ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁ge ological ▁features ▁on ▁Pl uto ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category : Surface ▁features ▁of ▁Pl uto ▁Category : Ge ography ▁of ▁Pl uto ▁Category : Art icles ▁containing ▁video ▁cl ips <0x0A> </s> ▁Mitchell ▁Municipal ▁Airport ▁ ▁is ▁three ▁miles ▁north ▁of ▁Mitchell , ▁in ▁Dav ison ▁County , ▁South ▁Dakota . ▁The ▁National ▁Plan ▁of ▁Integr ated ▁Airport ▁Systems ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 5 ▁categor ized ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁general ▁av iation ▁airport . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Op ened ▁in ▁November ▁ 1 9 3 7 , ▁the ▁facility ▁was ▁re built ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Air ▁Forces ▁as ▁a ▁Second ▁Air ▁Force ▁B - 1 7 ▁F lying ▁Fort ress ▁and ▁B - 2 4 ▁Liber ator ▁heavy ▁bom ber ▁training ▁air field
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▁field ▁known ▁as ▁Mitchell ▁Army ▁Air field . ▁ ▁From ▁July ▁to ▁late ▁September , ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁the ▁ 7 0 0 th ▁Bomb ▁Squadron ▁of ▁the ▁ 4 4 5 th ▁Bomb ▁Group ▁conducted ▁their ▁advanced ▁training ▁at ▁Mitchell ▁Army ▁Air ▁Field . ▁ ▁Upon ▁completion ▁of ▁training ▁and ▁subsequent ▁notification ▁for ▁overseas ▁deployment , ▁the ▁ 7 0 0 th ▁Bomb ▁Squadron ▁flew ▁to ▁Lincoln ▁Army ▁Air ▁Field ▁for ▁last ▁minute ▁aircraft ▁modifications ▁before ▁taking ▁the ▁Southern ▁Atlantic ▁crossing ▁route ▁to ▁Tib en ham , ▁England . ▁ ▁On ▁October ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁when ▁training ▁ended ▁at ▁the ▁facility , ▁it ▁was ▁transferred ▁to ▁Air ▁Technical ▁Service ▁Command ▁where ▁it ▁was ▁assigned ▁to ▁Og den ▁Air ▁Service ▁Command ▁as ▁an ▁aux iliary ▁air field . ▁It ▁was ▁turned ▁over ▁to ▁civil ▁use ▁after ▁the ▁war . ▁ ▁Air line ▁flights ▁began ▁about ▁ 1 9 5 1 : ▁Mid west ▁Airlines ▁C ess na ▁ 1 9 0 s . ▁Br an iff ▁stopped ▁at ▁Mitchell ▁ 1 9 5 2 – 5 9 ; ▁North ▁Central ▁arrived ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁and ▁success or ▁Republic ▁left ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 2 . ▁( N orth west ▁A irl ink ▁pulled ▁out ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 .) ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁The ▁airport ▁covers ▁ 1 , 3 7 6 ▁acres ▁( 5 5 7 ▁ha ) ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ 1 , 3 0
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4 ▁feet ▁( 3 9 7 ▁m ). ▁It ▁has ▁two ▁as ph alt ▁run ways : ▁ 1 2 / 3 0 ▁is ▁ 6 , 7 0 0 ▁by ▁ 1 0 0 ▁feet ▁( 2 , 0 4 2 ▁x ▁ 3 0 ▁m ) ▁and ▁ 1 7 / 3 5 ▁is ▁ 5 , 5 1 3 ▁by ▁ 1 0 0 ▁feet ▁( 1 , 6 8 0 ▁x ▁ 3 0 ▁m ). ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁year ▁ending ▁August ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁the ▁airport ▁had ▁ 1 9 , 4 5 0 ▁aircraft ▁operations , ▁average ▁ 5 3 ▁per ▁day : ▁ 9 5 % ▁general ▁av iation , ▁ 4 % ▁air ▁taxi , ▁and ▁ 1 % ▁military . ▁ 2 9 ▁aircraft ▁were ▁then ▁based ▁at ▁this ▁airport : ▁ 7 9 % ▁single - engine ▁and ▁ 2 1 % ▁multi - engine . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁South ▁Dakota ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Army ▁Air fields ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Shaw , ▁Frederick ▁J . ▁( 2 0 0 4 ), ▁Loc ating ▁Air ▁Force ▁Base ▁S ites ▁History ' s ▁Leg acy , ▁Air ▁Force ▁History ▁and ▁Museum s ▁Program , ▁United ▁States ▁Air ▁Force , ▁Washington ▁DC , ▁ 2 0 0 4 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁A erial ▁image ▁as ▁of ▁October ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁from ▁US GS ▁The ▁National ▁Map ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Air ports ▁in ▁South
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▁Dakota ▁Category : M it chell , ▁South ▁Dakota ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Dav ison ▁County , ▁South ▁Dakota ▁Category : Air fields ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Air ▁Forces ▁in ▁South ▁Dakota ▁Category : 1 9 3 7 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁South ▁Dakota ▁Category : Air ports ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁Category : Transport ation ▁in ▁Dav ison ▁County , ▁South ▁Dakota <0x0A> </s> ▁Meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁is ▁a ▁closely ▁related ▁concept ▁to ▁met am aterial ▁dynamics ▁in ▁physics . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁Meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁was ▁an ▁effort ▁to ▁connect ▁the ▁ep he mer al ▁and ▁statistical ▁nature ▁of ▁quantum ▁mechanical ▁objects ▁with ▁the ▁temporary ▁and ▁statistical , ▁but ▁yet ▁stable , ▁nature ▁of ▁" struct ures " ▁in ▁turb ulent ▁flows ; ▁that ▁work ▁was ▁published ▁as ▁a ▁research ▁thesis ▁( Mar man is ▁ 1 9 9 3 ). ▁ ▁The ▁works ▁that ▁influenced ▁its ▁con ception ▁were ▁Albert ▁Einstein ' s ▁ins istence ▁on ▁a ▁caus al ▁interpretation ▁of ▁quantum ▁mechanics , ▁De ▁Bro gl ie ' s ▁mechanical ▁models , ▁and ▁related ▁work ▁along ▁these ▁lines . ▁The ▁literature ▁on ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁a ether ▁models ▁was ▁discovered ▁by ▁the ▁author ▁upon ▁completion ▁of ▁the ▁theory ' s ▁core ▁ideas ▁during ▁the ▁academic ▁years ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁term ▁" meta fl uid ▁dynamics " ▁appeared ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁conference ▁talk ▁delivered ▁in ▁the
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▁" Intern ational ▁Sym pos ium ▁on ▁The oret ical ▁and ▁Comput ational ▁Fl uid ▁D ynamics " ▁at ▁Florida ▁State ▁University ▁on ▁November ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 9 6 . ▁ ▁Initial ▁publications ▁ ▁The ▁theory ▁was ▁published , ▁in ▁the ▁ ▁Phys ics ▁of ▁Fl u ids ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁Anal ogy ▁between ▁the ▁Nav ier - St okes ▁and ▁Max well ' s ▁equations : ▁Application ▁to ▁T urb ul ence ▁( Mar man is ▁ 1 9 9 8 ). ▁ ▁A ▁year ▁later , ▁the ▁theory ▁was ▁presented ▁in ▁more ▁detail ▁in ▁the ▁thesis ▁entitled ▁Anal ogy ▁between ▁the ▁Elect romag netic ▁and ▁H yd rod ynamic ▁Equ ations : ▁Application ▁to ▁T urb ul ence ▁( Mar man is ▁ 1 9 9 9 ). ▁ ▁This ▁paper ▁attempted ▁to ▁introduce ▁an ▁ont ological ▁connection ▁between ▁turb ulent ▁motion ▁as ▁described ▁by ▁the ▁Nav ier – St okes ▁equations ▁and ▁dynamics ▁of ▁the ▁elect romag netic ▁field ▁as ▁described ▁by ▁Max well ' s ▁equations . ▁The ▁paper ▁observed ▁that ▁the ▁elect romag netic ▁field ▁is ▁non - linear ▁when ▁expressed ▁in ▁terms ▁of ▁the ▁elect romag netic ▁potential s — y et ▁Max well ' s ▁equations ▁are ▁linear ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁modeling ▁of ▁charge ▁and ▁current . ▁It ▁should ▁be ▁stressed ▁that ▁this ▁ont ological ▁interpretation ▁was ▁never ▁previously ▁published , ▁although ▁several ▁fluid ▁models ▁have ▁been ▁presented ▁as ▁early ▁as ▁ 1 8 9 0 , ▁for ▁the ▁same ▁purpose .
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▁ ▁The ▁last ▁article ▁by ▁the ▁same ▁author , ▁namely , ▁" T urb ul ence , ▁elect romag net ism , ▁and ▁quantum ▁mechanics : ▁A ▁common ▁perspective " ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁the ▁book ▁Phot on : ▁Old ▁problems ▁in ▁light ▁of ▁new ▁ideas ▁( D vo eg l az ov ▁ 2 0 0 0 ). ▁ ▁The ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁was ▁not ▁created ▁by ▁trial - and - error ▁of ▁mechanical ▁models ▁of ▁a ether ▁and ▁is ▁not ▁an ▁anal ogy ▁that ▁was ▁rev ived ; ▁a ▁ju xt apos ition ▁of ▁the ▁fields ▁that ▁are ▁involved ▁in ▁earlier ▁models ▁and ▁those ▁that ▁are ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁suff ices ▁as ▁a ▁proof . ▁For ▁historical ▁references , ▁see , ▁the ▁comprehensive ▁book ▁by ▁Wh itt aker ▁( 1 9 5 1 ). ▁ ▁Later ▁publications ▁ ▁Since ▁that ▁time ▁there ▁have ▁been ▁several ▁other ▁publications ▁that ▁relate ▁directly ▁or ▁indirect ly ▁to ▁the ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics : ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁R . M . ▁Kir by , ▁H . ▁Mar man is ▁and ▁D . H . ▁La id law ▁presented ▁the ▁first ▁visual izations ▁of ▁turb ulent ▁charge — the ▁analog ▁of ▁the ▁electric ▁charge ▁in ▁elect romag net ism — in ▁a ▁conference ▁paper ▁entitled ▁" Visual izing ▁Mult ival ued ▁Data ▁from ▁ 2 D ▁In compress ible ▁Fl ows ▁Using ▁Con cept s ▁from ▁Pain ting ". ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 0 , ▁A
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. ▁C . ▁R . ▁Mend es , ▁W . ▁Ol ive ira ▁and ▁F . I . ▁Tak ak ura ▁presented ▁hyd rod ynamic ▁turb ul ence ▁as ▁a ▁constr ained ▁system ▁from ▁the ▁point ▁of ▁view ▁of ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁in ▁" T urb ul ence ▁as ▁a ▁constr ained ▁system ". ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁first ▁L agr ang ian ▁description ▁of ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁that ▁the ▁author ▁is ▁aware ▁of . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁G . ▁R ous se aux ▁discussed ▁the ▁question ▁of ▁complet eness ▁for ▁Max well ' s ▁equations ▁in ▁Les ▁équ ations ▁de ▁Max well ▁sont - elles ▁in com pl è tes ? ▁and ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁the ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁on ▁that ▁matter . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁G . ▁R ous se aux ▁and ▁É . ▁Guy on ▁presented ▁a ▁review ▁of ▁the ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁in ▁the ▁paper ▁" À ▁propos ▁d ’ une ▁analog ie ▁entre ▁la ▁mé can ique ▁des ▁flu ides ▁et ▁l ’ é lect rom agn ét isme ". ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁A . ▁C . ▁R . ▁Mend es , ▁C . ▁Nev es , ▁W . ▁Ol ive ira ▁and ▁F . I . ▁Tak ak ura ▁presented ▁the ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁as ▁a ▁gauge ▁field ▁theory . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁L . ▁S aul ▁presented ▁a ▁k inet ic ▁theory ▁of ▁a
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▁space - time ▁model ▁that ▁is ▁end owed ▁with ▁spin . ▁In ▁that ▁context , ▁by ▁following ▁the ▁anal ogy ▁that ▁forms ▁the ▁core ▁of ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics , ▁the ▁author ▁shows ▁how ▁to ▁derive ▁( to ▁first ▁order ) ▁Max well ' s ▁equations ▁of ▁elect romag net ism ▁and ▁Sch r ö ding er ' s ▁equation ▁for ▁the ▁electron . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁D . ▁B ǎ lean u ▁presented ▁the ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁as ▁a ▁constr ained ▁system ▁within ▁fraction al ▁R iem ann - Li ou ville ▁deriv atives . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁A . ▁C . ▁R . ▁Mend es , ▁C . ▁Nev es , ▁W . ▁Ol ive ira ▁and ▁F . I . ▁Tak ak ura ▁applied ▁the ▁Dir ac ▁quant ization ▁condition ▁to ▁the ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁on ▁NC ▁spaces . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁D . ▁B ǎ lean u ▁published ▁the ▁Meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁and ▁Hamilton - J ac obi ▁formal ism ▁and ▁the ▁existence ▁of ▁the ▁hidden ▁gauge ▁symmetry ▁was ▁analyzed . ▁The ▁main ▁point ▁of ▁this ▁work ▁is ▁that ▁the ▁obtained ▁results ▁are ▁in ▁agreement ▁with ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁F ad de ev - Jack iw ▁approach . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Z . ▁Ak den iz , ▁P . ▁V ign olo ▁and ▁M . P . ▁T osi ▁published ▁the ▁paper ▁" Shell ▁structure ▁in ▁the ▁density ▁profile ▁of
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▁a ▁rot ating ▁gas ▁of ▁spin - pol ar ized ▁ferm ions ". ▁The ▁authors ▁of ▁that ▁paper ▁study ▁a ▁F erm i ▁gas ▁of ▁spin - pol ar ized ▁charged ▁particles ▁in ▁a ▁uniform ▁magnetic ▁field , ▁under ▁conditions ▁such ▁that ▁the ▁C oul omb ▁interactions ▁can ▁be ▁neg lected , ▁can ▁be ▁mapped ▁into ▁a ▁rot ating ▁F erm i ▁gas ▁of ▁neutral ▁atomic ▁particles ▁in ▁a ▁state ▁of ▁complete ▁spin ▁polar ization , ▁where ▁the ▁atom – atom ▁interactions ▁are ▁negl igible ▁on ▁account ▁of ▁the ▁Paul i ▁principle ▁suppress ing ▁s - wave ▁scattering . ▁The ▁interesting ▁part ▁here ▁is ▁that ▁the ▁authors ▁invoke ▁the ▁meta fl uid ▁dynamics ▁correspondence ▁to ▁establish ▁the ▁map . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁B ǎ lean u ▁D . ▁Czech os lov ak ▁Journal ▁of ▁Phys ics , Vol . ▁ 5 4 , ▁No . ▁ 1 1 ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁pp . 1 1 6 5 - 1 1 7 0 ▁B ǎ lean u ▁D . ▁Czech os lov ak ▁Journal ▁of ▁Phys ics , Vol . ▁ 5 5 , ▁No . ▁ 4 ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁pp . 4 7 3 ▁- ▁ 4 7 8 ▁Deb n ath ▁L . ▁Intern at . ▁J . ▁Math . ▁& ▁Math . ▁Sci ., ▁Vol . ▁ 2 2 , ▁No . ▁ 4 ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁pp . 6 6 7 – 6 8 8 ▁Mar man
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is ▁H . ▁On ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁turb ul ence ▁in ▁the ▁equilibrium ▁range , ▁Technical ▁Report , ▁Institute ▁de ▁M ec an ique ▁des ▁Fl u ides ▁de ▁T oul ouse ▁( IM FT ), ▁France , ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁Mar man is , ▁H . ▁Phys . ▁Fl u ids ▁Vol . ▁ 1 0 , ▁No . ▁ 6 , ▁pp . 1 4 2 8 - 1 4 3 7 ▁Mar man is ▁H . ▁Anal ogy ▁between ▁the ▁Elect romag netic ▁and ▁H yd rod ynamic ▁Equ ations : ▁Application ▁to ▁T urb ul ence , ▁Ph . D . ▁The sis , ▁Brown ▁University ▁( 1 9 9 9 ) ▁Mar man is , ▁H . ▁Phot ons : ▁Old ▁problems ▁in ▁light ▁of ▁new ▁ideas , ▁Ed . ▁V . V . ▁D vo eg l az ov , ▁Nova ▁Science ▁Public ations ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁Mend es ▁A . C . R ., ▁Ol ive ira ▁W . ▁and ▁Tak ak ura ▁F . I . ▁( 2 0 0 0 ) ▁ ▁Mend es ▁A . C . R ., ▁Nev es ▁C ., ▁Ol ive ira ▁W . ▁and ▁Tak ak ura ▁F . I . ▁Braz . ▁J . ▁Phys . ▁Vol . 3 3 , ▁No . ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁Mend es ▁A . C . R ., ▁Nev es ▁C ., ▁Ol ive ira ▁W . ▁and ▁Tak
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ak ura ▁F . I . ▁( 2 0 0 5 ) ▁ ▁S aul , ▁L . ▁" Sp in ▁W aves ▁as ▁Met ric ▁in ▁a ▁K inet ic ▁Space - Time " ▁Phys ics ▁Let ters ▁A ▁ 3 1 4 ▁( 2 0 0 3 ) ▁pp . 4 7 2 – 4 7 8 ▁ ▁Category : Fl uid ▁dynamics ▁Category : T urb ul ence <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁men ' s ▁dec ath lon ▁event ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁World ▁Junior ▁Championships ▁in ▁Athlet ics ▁was ▁held ▁in ▁Se oul , ▁Korea , ▁at ▁Olympic ▁Stadium ▁on ▁ 1 6 ▁and ▁ 1 7 ▁September . ▁ ▁Medal ists ▁ ▁Results ▁ ▁Final ▁ 1 6 / 1 7 ▁September ▁ ▁Particip ation ▁According ▁to ▁an ▁un off icial ▁count , ▁ 2 0 ▁athletes ▁from ▁ 1 6 ▁countries ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁event . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Dec ath lon ▁Category : Comb ined ▁events ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Athlet ics ▁U 2 0 ▁Championships <0x0A> </s> ▁K iz h ap ar ay ar ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁village ▁in ▁Ker ala ▁state , ▁India . ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Me en ach il ▁P anch ay at ▁in ▁K ott ay am ▁district . ▁The ▁village ▁situated ▁on ▁the ▁banks ▁of ▁the ▁river ▁Me en ach il . ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁traces ▁when ▁the ▁first ▁settlement ▁came ▁to ▁this ▁village . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁sp ars ely ▁pop ulated ▁place .
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▁K iz har ay ar ▁borders ▁with ▁Ed am att om ▁in ▁the ▁South , ▁Pal ak k adu ▁in ▁North , ▁Pal a ▁in ▁the ▁west . ▁The ▁other ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁river ▁me en ch il ▁is ▁B har an ang an am . ▁ ▁The ▁major ▁agriculture ▁is ▁rubber . ▁There ▁are ▁also ▁C ocon uts ▁and ▁T api oca ▁cultiv ations . ▁The ▁other ▁agricultural ▁products ▁include ▁C oco a ▁and ▁Ar can ut . ▁There ▁are ▁few ▁small ▁p addy ▁fields ▁also . ▁The ▁main ▁income ▁of ▁the ▁people ▁comes ▁from ▁Rub ber ▁plant ations ▁and ▁related ▁jobs . ▁ ▁There ▁is ▁no ▁major ▁business ▁activities ▁in ▁and ▁around ▁k iz h ap ar ay ar . ▁ ▁People ▁belongs ▁to ▁ 2 ▁religious ▁faith s ▁- ▁Roman ▁Cath ol ics ▁( Sy rian ▁Christians ) ▁and ▁Hindu ism . ▁The ▁local ▁parish ▁is ▁St . ▁Greg or ios ▁Church ▁which ▁is ▁situated ▁at ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁the ▁village . ▁A ▁Con vent , ▁Government ▁Clin ic , ▁Co - oper ative ▁bank ▁and ▁few ▁shops ▁in ▁the ▁vic inity ▁of ▁the ▁church ▁forms ▁the ▁small ▁town ship . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁late x ▁processing ▁unit ▁also ▁running ▁which ▁allows ▁the ▁rubber ▁owners ▁to ▁sell ▁late x . ▁There ▁are ▁ 2 ▁tem ples ▁also ▁in ▁K iz h ap ar ay ar . ▁ ▁The ▁nearest ▁town ▁is ▁Pal a ▁which ▁is ▁about ▁ 4 km ▁from ▁K iz h ap ar ay ar .
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▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁K ott ay am ▁district ▁Category : R ub ber ▁industry <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁following ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁episodes ▁for ▁the ▁British ▁reality ▁series ▁The ▁Only ▁Way ▁Is ▁Es sex ▁that ▁first ▁a ired ▁on ▁IT V 2 ▁on ▁ 1 0 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁the ▁series ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁IT V Be , ▁beginning ▁with ▁the ▁th ir teenth ▁series . ▁ ▁Series ▁overview ▁ ▁E pis odes ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 2 ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 3 ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 4 ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 5 ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 6 ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 7 ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 8 ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 9 ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 0 ▁( 2 0 1 3 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 1 ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 2 ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 3 ▁( 2 0 1 4 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 4 ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 5 ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 6 ▁(
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2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 7 ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 8 ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 1 9 ▁( 2 0 1 6 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 2 0 ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 2 1 ▁( 2 0 1 7 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 2 2 ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 2 3 ▁( 2 0 1 8 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 2 4 ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁Series ▁ 2 5 ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁ ▁The ▁ 2 5 th ▁series ▁of ▁The ▁Only ▁Way ▁Is ▁Es sex ▁began ▁air ing ▁on ▁IT V Be ▁on ▁ 1 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 9 . ▁ ▁Special s ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : List s ▁of ▁British ▁reality ▁television ▁series ▁episodes ▁E pis odes <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 6 2 – 6 3 ▁Norweg ian ▁ 1 . ▁Div is jon ▁season ▁was ▁the ▁ 2 4 th ▁season ▁of ▁ice ▁hockey ▁in ▁Norway . ▁Eight ▁teams ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁league , ▁and ▁Val er eng a ▁I sh ockey ▁won ▁the ▁championship . ▁ ▁Regular ▁season ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Norweg ian ▁Ice ▁Hockey ▁Federation ▁ ▁Nor ▁Category : GET - liga en ▁seasons ▁Category : 1 9 6 2 ▁in ▁Norweg ian ▁sport ▁Category : 1 9 6 3 ▁in ▁Norweg ian ▁sport <0x0A> </s> ▁Hard m
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oney ▁is ▁an ▁un inc or por ated ▁community ▁in ▁Gr aves ▁County , ▁Kentucky , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁A ▁post ▁office ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁community ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 0 , ▁but ▁it ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 0 . ▁Hard m oney ▁is ▁named ▁for ▁the ▁political ▁controversy ▁of ▁the ▁day ▁over ▁the ▁gold ▁standard . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Gr aves ▁County , ▁Kentucky <0x0A> </s> ▁Ar hop ala ▁cent aurus , ▁the ▁cent aur ▁oak blue ▁or ▁dull ▁oak blue , ▁is ▁a ▁species ▁of ▁ly ca en id ▁or ▁blue ▁butter fly ▁found ▁in ▁India ▁and ▁sout heast ▁Asia ▁to ▁the ▁Philippines . ▁ ▁Description ▁ ▁Sub spec ies ▁A . ▁c . ▁cent aurus ▁ ▁K ange an , ▁Java , ▁B ali , ▁L omb ok , ▁S umb awa , ▁Sum atra , ▁main land ▁New ▁Gu inea , ▁Tor res ▁Str ait ▁islands , ▁northern ▁Australia ▁( QL D ), ▁Mo a ▁Is . ▁A . ▁c . ▁as op us ▁ ▁Water house ▁& ▁Ly ell , ▁[ 1 9 1 4 ] ▁▁ ▁northern ▁& ▁north western ▁Australia ▁( NT ), ▁K ool an ▁Is . ▁A . ▁c . ▁n ak ula ▁ ▁( C . ▁& ▁R . ▁Fel der , ▁ 1 8 6 0 ) ▁▁ ▁Thailand , ▁La os , ▁Vietnam , ▁H ain an , ▁S . Y unn an , ▁Mal ay ▁Pen insula , ▁Singapore , ▁Bor neo
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, ▁Sing ke p , ▁Sum atra , ▁Bel itung , ▁Bang ka ▁A . ▁c . ▁ag l ais ▁ ▁C . ▁& ▁R . ▁Fel der , ▁[ 1 8 6 5 ] ▁▁ ▁Philippines ▁( L uz on , ▁Mind oro , ▁Mind ana o ) ▁A . ▁c . ▁cor usc ans ▁ ▁Wood - M ason ▁& ▁de ▁Nic é ville , ▁ 1 8 8 1 ▁▁ ▁And am ans ▁A . ▁c . ▁pir ama ▁ ▁( Mo ore , ▁[ 1 8 8 1 ]) ▁▁ ▁C ey lon , ▁South ▁India ▁A . ▁c . ▁pir ith ous ▁( ▁Moore , ▁[ 1 8 8 4 ]) ▁▁ ▁North ▁India , ▁Ass am , ▁S ik kim , ▁S . Ch ina , ▁H ain an ▁A . ▁c . ▁cent en it us ▁ ▁F ru h st or fer , ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁▁ ▁Bat u , ▁P agi ▁A . ▁c . ▁d ix oni ▁ ▁Eli ot , ▁ 1 9 7 8 ▁▁ ▁Malaysia ▁A . ▁c . ▁cu yo ensis ▁ ▁Sch r ö der ▁& ▁T read away , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁▁ ▁Philippines ▁( C uy o ) ▁A . ▁c . ▁bab uy ana ▁ ▁Sch r ö der ▁& ▁T read away , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁Philippines ▁( B ab uy anes ) ▁A . ▁c . ▁dec im ar ie ▁ ▁Sch r ö der ▁&
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▁T read away , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁Philippines ▁( H omon hon ) ▁A . ▁c . ▁din ac ola ▁ ▁Sch r ö der ▁& ▁T read away , ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁Philippines ▁( D in ag at ) ▁ ▁Bi ology ▁The ▁l ar va ▁feed s ▁on ▁Term inal ia ▁to ment osa , ▁Term inal ia ▁panic ul ata , ▁L ager st ro em ia ▁micro car pa ▁and ▁X yl ia ▁dol ab r iform is ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : Ar hop ala ▁Category : But ter fl ies ▁of ▁India ▁Category : But ter fl ies ▁of ▁Singapore ▁Category : But ter fl ies ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 7 7 5 ▁Category : Tax a ▁named ▁by ▁Joh an ▁Christian ▁Fab ric ius <0x0A> </s> ▁D ih ydro test oster one ▁( D HT ) ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁▁ 5 α - D ih ydro test oster one ▁– ▁an ▁active ▁met abol ite ▁of ▁test oster one ▁and ▁pot ent ▁and rogen ▁ster oid ▁horm one ▁▁ 5 β - D ih ydro test oster one ▁– ▁an ▁in active ▁met abol ite ▁of ▁test oster one ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Test oster one ▁ ▁And ro stan edi ol ▁ ▁And ro stan ed ione <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Wed ding ▁Night ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁American ▁romantic ▁drama ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁King ▁V id or ▁and ▁star ring
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▁Gary ▁Cooper ▁and ▁Anna ▁St en . ▁Wr itten ▁by ▁Ed ith ▁Fitz ger ald ▁and ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁story ▁by ▁Ed win ▁H . ▁Kn opf , ▁the ▁film ▁is ▁about ▁a ▁financ ially ▁str apped ▁novel ist ▁who ▁returns ▁to ▁his ▁country ▁home ▁in ▁Connecticut ▁looking ▁for ▁inspiration ▁for ▁his ▁next ▁novel ▁and ▁becomes ▁involved ▁with ▁a ▁beautiful ▁young ▁Polish ▁woman ▁and ▁her ▁family . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁produced ▁by ▁Samuel ▁Gold w yn ▁and ▁fil med ▁at ▁Samuel ▁Gold w yn ▁Studios ▁from ▁early ▁November ▁to ▁early ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 4 . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁on ▁March ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁received ▁generally ▁positive ▁reviews , ▁with ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁calling ▁it ▁" both ▁pict or ially ▁and ▁dramatically ▁striking ". ▁Despite ▁the ▁reviews , ▁the ▁film ▁did ▁poorly ▁at ▁the ▁box ▁office , ▁earning ▁only ▁$ 1 7 4 , 0 8 1 . ▁King ▁V id or ▁won ▁the ▁Vol pi ▁Cup ▁for ▁Best ▁Director ▁at ▁the ▁Ven ice ▁Film ▁Festival ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁The ▁Wed ding ▁Night ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁DVD ▁format ▁by ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century ▁Fox ▁Home ▁Entertainment ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 2 0 , ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁shown ▁at ▁the ▁ 7 0 th ▁Berlin ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁ret ros pective ▁dedicated ▁to ▁King ▁V id
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or ' s ▁career . ▁ ▁Plot ▁New ▁York ▁novel ist ▁Tony ▁Bar rett ▁( G ary ▁Cooper ) ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁D ora ▁( Hel en ▁V inson ) ▁have ▁accum ulated ▁serious ▁deb ts ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁their ▁fast ▁and ▁aff lu ent ▁lifestyle ▁in ▁the ▁big ▁city . ▁When ▁Tony ▁approaches ▁his ▁publisher ▁expecting ▁an ▁advance ▁on ▁his ▁newest ▁novel , ▁he ▁is ▁told ▁that ▁success ▁has ▁gone ▁to ▁his ▁head ▁and ▁the ▁novel ▁is ▁un publish able . ▁With ▁few ▁options ▁available , ▁Tony ▁and ▁D ora ▁move ▁to ▁his ▁family ' s ▁run - down ▁farm ▁in ▁Connecticut , ▁where ▁they ▁meet ▁his ▁neighbors : ▁a ▁Polish ▁farmer , ▁Jan ▁Nov ak ▁( Sig ▁R uman ), ▁and ▁his ▁beautiful ▁daughter , ▁Many a ▁( An na ▁St en ). ▁Looking ▁to ▁expand ▁his ▁own ▁property , ▁Mr . ▁Nov ak ▁offers ▁Tony ▁$ 5 , 0 0 0 ▁for ▁a ▁field ▁bord ering ▁the ▁Nov ak ▁farm , ▁and ▁the ▁author ▁eager ly ▁accepts . ▁With ▁their ▁fin ances ▁repl en ished , ▁D ora ▁returns ▁to ▁New ▁York , ▁leaving ▁Tony ▁at ▁the ▁farm , ▁where ▁he ▁int ends ▁to ▁write ▁a ▁new ▁novel ▁inspired ▁by ▁the ▁Nov aks ▁and ▁their ▁friends . ▁ ▁S omet ime ▁later , ▁Tony ▁and ▁Many a ▁are ▁at ▁his ▁house ▁discussing ▁her ▁bet ro thal ▁to ▁Fred rik ▁( R alph ▁Bell amy ), ▁the ▁young ▁man ▁chosen ▁by ▁her ▁father ▁to ▁be ▁her ▁husband . ▁A ▁drunk
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en ▁Tony ▁tells ▁Many a ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁not ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁the ▁young ▁man , ▁and ▁makes ▁suggest ive ▁remarks ▁that ▁anger ▁her . ▁The ▁following ▁day , ▁Tony ▁apolog izes ▁to ▁Many a ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁begin ▁a ▁close ▁friendship . ▁After ▁Tony ' s ▁servant ▁leaves ▁to ▁return ▁to ▁New ▁York , ▁Many a ▁begins ▁spending ▁more ▁time ▁at ▁Tony ' s ▁farm ▁and ▁the ▁two ▁fall ▁in ▁love , ▁just ▁like ▁the ▁characters ▁in ▁his ▁new ▁novel , ▁Stephen ▁and ▁Sony a . ▁Fred rik ▁soon ▁learn s ▁that ▁Many a ▁has ▁been ▁seeing ▁Tony ▁at ▁his ▁farm , ▁and ▁he ▁and ▁her ▁father ▁for bid ▁her ▁from ▁seeing ▁Tony ▁again . ▁Ign oring ▁their ▁orders , ▁Many a ▁continues ▁to ▁spend ▁time ▁with ▁the ▁novel ist ▁at ▁his ▁house . ▁One ▁evening , ▁a ▁snow ▁storm ▁prevents ▁Many a ▁from ▁returning ▁home . ▁The ▁next ▁morning , ▁Mr . ▁Nov ak ▁an gr ily ▁confront s ▁Tony ▁at ▁his ▁farm . ▁Later , ▁he ▁demands ▁that ▁Many a ▁marry ▁Fred rik ▁the ▁following ▁Monday . ▁When ▁Many a ▁tells ▁him ▁that ▁she ▁will ▁not ▁spend ▁her ▁life ▁being ▁an ▁un paid ▁servant ▁like ▁her ▁mother , ▁Nov ak ▁sl aps ▁her . ▁ ▁Later ▁that ▁day , ▁D ora ▁arrives ▁back ▁at ▁the ▁farm , ▁telling ▁her ▁husband ▁that ▁she ▁missed ▁him ▁ter ribly ▁during ▁their ▁separation . ▁D ora ▁he ars ▁stories ▁about ▁the ▁previous ▁night , ▁and ▁hopes ▁that ▁they ▁mean ▁nothing . ▁When ▁she ▁reads
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▁his ▁new ▁manuscript , ▁however , ▁she ▁suspect s ▁that ▁the ▁love ▁affair ▁between ▁the ▁characters ▁of ▁Stephen ▁and ▁Sony a ▁reflect ▁her ▁husband ' s ▁own ▁feelings ▁for ▁Many a . ▁On ▁the ▁night ▁before ▁her ▁wedding , ▁Many a ▁goes ▁to ▁see ▁Tony , ▁but ▁finds ▁D ora ▁instead . ▁The ▁two ▁speak ▁about ▁Tony ' s ▁new ▁novel ▁and ▁how ▁it ▁will ▁end — both ▁realizing ▁that ▁they ▁are ▁really ▁speaking ▁about ▁their ▁own ▁lives . ▁D ora ▁tells ▁Many a ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁sure ▁that ▁Stephen ' s ▁wife ▁will ▁not ▁give ▁up ▁her ▁husband , ▁but ▁that ▁she ▁would ▁feel ▁sorry ▁for ▁Sony a . ▁Many a ▁tells ▁her ▁about ▁the ▁upcoming ▁wedding , ▁and ▁then ▁leaves . ▁ ▁When ▁Tony ▁returns ▁home , ▁he ▁asks ▁D ora ▁for ▁a ▁divorce , ▁but ▁she ▁ref uses , ▁telling ▁him ▁that ▁his ▁novel ▁should ▁end ▁with ▁Sony a ▁mar rying ▁her ▁Polish ▁f ian cé . ▁The ▁next ▁day , ▁after ▁learning ▁that ▁Many a ▁and ▁Fred rik ▁are ▁getting ▁married , ▁Tony ▁goes ▁to ▁the ▁wedding ▁party ▁and ▁d ances ▁with ▁Many a . ▁Later , ▁a ▁drunk en ▁Fred rik , ▁anger ed ▁by ▁his ▁f ian cé ' s ▁lack ▁of ▁passion ▁and ▁interest ▁on ▁their ▁wedding ▁night , ▁storm s ▁out ▁of ▁their ▁bedroom ▁and ▁goes ▁to ▁Tony ' s ▁house ▁to ▁confront ▁the ▁man ▁he ▁suspect s ▁is ▁to ▁blame . ▁Many a ▁follows ▁him ▁to ▁Tony ' s ▁house , ▁where ▁she ▁attempts
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▁to ▁stop ▁Fred rik ▁from ▁fighting ▁with ▁Tony ▁on ▁the ▁stairs . ▁During ▁the ▁struggle , ▁Many a ▁falls ▁down ▁the ▁stairs ▁and ▁is ▁seriously ▁injured . ▁Tony ▁carries ▁her ▁to ▁the ▁par lor , ▁where ▁he ▁tells ▁her ▁he ▁loves ▁her , ▁just ▁before ▁she ▁dies . ▁Later , ▁D ora ▁tells ▁Tony ▁that ▁he ▁can ▁now ▁see ▁Many a ▁priv ately . ▁Gaz ing ▁out ▁the ▁window , ▁Tony ▁tells ▁her ▁about ▁how ▁full ▁of ▁life ▁Many a ▁was ▁and ▁imag ines ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁w aving ▁to ▁him . ▁ ▁Cast ▁▁ ▁Gary ▁Cooper ▁as ▁Tony ▁Bar rett ▁ ▁Anna ▁St en ▁as ▁Many a ▁Nov ak ▁ ▁Ralph ▁Bell amy ▁as ▁Fred rik ▁S ob ies ki ▁ ▁Helen ▁V inson ▁as ▁D ora ▁Bar rett ▁ ▁Sig ▁R uman ▁as ▁Mr . ▁Jan ▁Nov ak ▁ ▁Est her ▁Dale ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁K aise ▁Nov ak ▁▁ ▁Leon id ▁S nego ff ▁as ▁S ob ies ki ▁▁ ▁E lean or ▁W ess el ho eft ▁as ▁Mrs . ▁S ob ies ki ▁▁ ▁M illa ▁D aven port ▁as ▁Grand mother ▁▁ ▁Ag nes ▁Anderson ▁as ▁Hel ena ▁▁ ▁H ilda ▁V augh n ▁as ▁He zz ie ▁Jones ▁▁ ▁Walter ▁Bren nan ▁as ▁Bill ▁Jen kins ▁ ▁Production ▁Anna ▁St en ▁came ▁to ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁American ▁movie ▁mog ul ▁Samuel ▁Gold w yn ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 3 2 ▁while ▁the ▁actress ▁was ▁still ▁making ▁films ▁in ▁Germany . ▁Born ▁in ▁K iev ▁in
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▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁An j usch ka ▁St ens ki ▁began ▁her ▁career ▁making ▁films ▁for ▁Me z hr ab p om - R uss ▁film ▁studio , ▁becoming ▁the ▁prote ge ▁of ▁director ▁Fed or ▁Oz ep , ▁who ▁became ▁her ▁husband . ▁They ▁moved ▁to ▁Berlin ▁and ▁began ▁making ▁films ▁there . ▁Gold w yn ▁had ▁been ▁looking ▁for ▁a ▁foreign - born ▁actress ▁that ▁he ▁could ▁build ▁up ▁as ▁the ▁rival ▁of ▁Gre ta ▁Gar bo , ▁and ▁possible ▁success or ▁to ▁Vil ma ▁B án ky , ▁with ▁whom ▁Gold w yn ▁had ▁great ▁success ▁in ▁the ▁silent ▁era . ▁He ▁brought ▁her ▁to ▁America ▁and ▁signed ▁her ▁to ▁a ▁four - year ▁contract , ▁spending ▁the ▁next ▁year ▁having ▁his ▁new ▁star ▁tut ored ▁in ▁English ▁and ▁teaching ▁her ▁Hollywood ▁screen ▁acting ▁methods . ▁He ▁poured ▁a ▁great ▁deal ▁of ▁time ▁and ▁money ▁into ▁her ▁first ▁American ▁film , ▁N ana ▁( 1 9 3 4 ), ▁a ▁somewhat ▁hom ogen ized ▁version ▁of ▁É mile ▁Z ola ' s ▁sc and alous ▁nineteenth ▁century ▁novel . ▁However , ▁the ▁film ▁was ▁not ▁successful ▁at ▁the ▁box ▁office , ▁nor ▁was ▁her ▁subsequent ▁Gold w yn ▁film , ▁We ▁Live ▁Again ▁( 1 9 3 4 ). ▁Gold w yn ▁decided ▁to ▁pair ▁her ▁with ▁Gary ▁Cooper ▁for ▁her ▁third ▁American ▁film . ▁ ▁The ▁Wed ding ▁Night ▁was ▁fil med ▁at ▁Samuel ▁Gold w yn ▁Studios ▁in ▁West ▁Hollywood , ▁California ▁from ▁early ▁November
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▁to ▁early ▁December ▁ 1 9 3 4 . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁originally ▁titled ▁Bro ken ▁So il . ▁When ▁director ▁King ▁V id or ▁began ▁film ing ▁scenes ▁with ▁Cooper , ▁he ▁was ▁initially ▁disappointed ▁and ▁the ▁actor ' s ▁apparent ▁" m umbling ▁and ▁st umbling " ▁style . ▁When ▁he ▁viewed ▁footage ▁from ▁that ▁first ▁day , ▁however , ▁the ▁director ▁was ▁surprised ▁to ▁see ▁" a ▁performance ▁that ▁overflow ed ▁with ▁charm ▁and ▁personality ▁... ▁a ▁highly ▁complex ▁and ▁fascinating ▁inner ▁personality ▁revealed ▁itself ▁on ▁the ▁projection ▁room ▁screen ". ▁ ▁Release ▁The ▁Wed ding ▁Night ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁on ▁March ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁response ▁In ▁his ▁review ▁in ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁Andre ▁F enn wald ▁praised ▁the ▁film ▁for ▁its ▁" un comm only ▁adult ▁style ", ▁calling ▁it ▁" both ▁pict or ially ▁and ▁dramatically ▁striking ". ▁F enn wald ▁also ▁noted ▁the ▁" uniform ly ▁expert " ▁performances ▁by ▁Cooper ▁who ▁" contin ues ▁to ▁reveal ▁a ▁refres hing ▁sense ▁of ▁humor ▁in ▁his ▁work ", ▁the ▁" high ly ▁talented " ▁St en , ▁and ▁V inson ▁who ▁is ▁" ex cell ently ▁right ▁as ▁the ▁wife , ▁playing ▁the ▁part ▁with ▁such ▁intelligence ▁and ▁sympathy ▁that ▁she ▁cont ributes ▁definitely ▁to ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁the ▁clim ax ". ▁F enn wald ▁concl udes : ▁ ▁The ▁Wed ding ▁Night ▁has ▁received ▁generally ▁favor able ▁reviews ▁from ▁recent ▁film ▁critics .
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▁In ▁his ▁review ▁for ▁the ▁Imm ort al ▁Ep he mer a ▁website , ▁Cl iff ▁Ali pert i ▁gave ▁the ▁film ▁eight ▁out ▁of ▁ten ▁stars , ▁calling ▁it ▁a ▁" fr ank ▁romance " ▁with ▁" stand out ▁performances " ▁by ▁Gary ▁Cooper , ▁Anna ▁St en , ▁and ▁Helen ▁V inson . ▁Ali pert i ▁pra ises ▁Cooper ' s ▁" qu iet ▁intensity , ▁his ▁lov able ▁cl ums iness ▁at ▁close ▁quarters , ▁and ▁his ▁strong ▁sense ▁of ▁will ▁power ". ▁He ▁reject s ▁contemporary ▁views ▁of ▁St en ▁as ▁" Gold w yn ' s ▁F olly " ▁noting ▁that ▁she ▁is ▁" at ▁her ▁best ▁in ▁the ▁more ▁universal ▁silent ▁moments , ▁where ▁she ▁can ▁really ▁em ote ". ▁He ▁also ▁called ▁V inson ' s ▁port ray al ▁of ▁D ora ▁" the ▁best ▁performance ▁I ' ve ▁ever ▁seen ▁[ her ] ▁give ". ▁Ali pert i ▁is ▁equally ▁impressed ▁with ▁V id or ' s ▁direction , ▁observ ing ▁that ▁it ▁" add s ▁an ▁impressive ▁slice ▁of ▁American a ▁to ▁an ▁overall ▁output ▁that ▁forever ▁capt ures ▁the ▁America ▁of ▁his ▁time ". ▁Ali pert i ▁concl udes : ▁" The ▁Wed ding ▁Night ▁is ▁well - act ed , ▁touching , ▁shock ing ▁in ▁a ▁few ▁spots , ▁and ▁mature , ▁with ▁interesting ▁visual s ▁provided ▁especially ▁by ▁the ▁Polish ▁ceremony ▁of ▁the ▁title . ▁An ▁exciting ▁movie ▁to ▁view ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ." ▁ ▁TV ▁Guide ▁gave ▁the ▁film
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▁three ▁out ▁of ▁five ▁stars , ▁noting , ▁" Al though ▁the ▁film ▁has ▁a ▁great ▁deal ▁of ▁artistic ▁mer it — Gold w yn ' s ▁influence , ▁V id or ' s ▁director ial ▁skill , ▁and ▁Tol and ' s ▁sharp ▁photography — it ▁fell ▁victim ▁to ▁ind ifference ▁on ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁movie go ers ▁... ▁[ and ] ▁just ▁didn ' t ▁make ▁much ▁of ▁an ▁impression ▁on ▁the ▁Dep ression - era ▁audiences ." ▁Jeremy ▁He il man ▁on ▁the ▁Movie Mart yr ▁website ▁called ▁the ▁film ▁" a ▁satisfying , ▁if ▁une x ception al , ▁melod r ama ▁bu oy ed ▁by ▁its ▁performances ". ▁ ▁Box ▁office ▁The ▁film ▁earned ▁a ▁box ▁office ▁gross ▁of ▁only ▁$ 1 7 4 , 0 8 1 ▁( ). ▁The ▁film ▁became ▁known ▁around ▁Hollywood ▁as ▁" Gold w yn ' s ▁Last ▁St en ". ▁After ▁the ▁public ▁failed ▁to ▁embrace ▁his ▁Ukrain ian ▁actress , ▁Gold w yn ▁informed ▁St en ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁sus pending ▁her ▁contract . ▁ ▁Acc ol ades ▁▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁Ven ice ▁Film ▁Festival ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁Director ▁( King ▁V id or ) ▁Won ▁ ▁Home ▁media ▁The ▁Wed ding ▁Night ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁DVD ▁format ▁by ▁ 2 0 th ▁Century ▁Fox ▁Home ▁Entertainment ▁on ▁May ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁S ources ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3
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5 ▁films ▁Category : American ▁black - and - white ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁directed ▁by ▁King ▁V id or ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁Connecticut ▁Category : Sam uel ▁Gold w yn ▁Produ ctions ▁films ▁Category : American ▁romantic ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 3 0 s ▁romantic ▁drama ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁John ▁S utton ▁( 1 9 2 7 - 1 9 8 9 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Irish ▁sport sp erson . ▁ ▁He ▁played ▁hur ling ▁with ▁his ▁local ▁club ▁Mull in av at ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Kil ken ny ▁senior ▁inter - count y ▁team ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s . ▁ ▁With ▁Kil ken ny ▁S utton ▁won ▁an ▁All - I re land ▁title ▁and ▁three ▁Le in ster ▁titles . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : K il ken ny ▁inter - count y ▁h url ers ▁Category : All - I re land ▁Senior ▁Hur ling ▁Championship ▁winners ▁Category : P oss ibly ▁living ▁people ▁Category : M ull in av at ▁h url ers ▁Category : 1 9 2 7 ▁birth s <0x0A> </s> ▁Cl og m ia ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁drain ▁flies ▁in ▁the ▁sub family ▁Psych od ina e . ▁ ▁Spec ies ▁Spec ies ▁within ▁this ▁genus ▁include : ▁▁▁ ▁Cl og m ia ▁al b ip unct ata ▁( Will ist on , ▁ 1 8 9 3 ) ▁▁ ▁Cl og m ia ▁lat ip
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ennis ▁( S ar à , ▁ 1 9 5 3 ) ▁▁ ▁Cl og m ia ▁tr ist is ▁( Me igen , ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : P sy chod idae ▁Category : P sy chod om or pha ▁gener a ▁Category : Tax a ▁named ▁by ▁G ün ther ▁E nder le in <0x0A> </s> ▁Man ▁of ▁the ▁Century ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁comedy ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁Adam ▁Abraham ▁and ▁written ▁by ▁Abraham ▁and ▁Gib son ▁F raz ier . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁stars ▁F raz ier , ▁Car a ▁Bu ono , ▁Susan ▁E gan , ▁D w ight ▁E well ▁and ▁Anthony ▁R app . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁far ce ▁about ▁the ▁attitudes , ▁values , ▁and ▁sl ang ▁displayed ▁in ▁the ▁popular ▁culture ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁( and , ▁to ▁some ▁extent , ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ). ▁Man ▁of ▁the ▁Century ▁was ▁fil med ▁in ▁black ▁and ▁white . ▁Its ▁working ▁title ▁was ▁" John ny ▁Tw enn ies ". ▁ ▁Char acters ▁▁ ▁The ▁main ▁characters ▁include : ▁Johnny ▁Tw enn ies ▁– ▁( G ib son ▁F raz ier ) ▁A ▁lov able , ▁good - looking , ▁fast - talk ing ▁newspaper ▁reporter ▁whose ▁manner ▁is ▁similar ▁to ▁that ▁of ▁a ▁ 1 9 2 0 s ▁pul p ▁character . ▁Virginia ▁C lem ens ▁- ▁( C ara ▁Bu ono ) ▁A ▁sweet
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▁girl ▁who ▁has ▁an ▁innocent ▁school - girl ▁crush ▁on ▁Johnny . ▁Sam anth a ▁Winter ▁- ▁( S us an ▁E gan ) ▁Johnny ' s ▁modern ▁girlfriend . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁films ▁Category : American ▁comedy ▁films ▁Category : American ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 9 0 s ▁comedy ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁S url a ▁Road ▁railway ▁station ▁is ▁a ▁railway ▁station ▁on ▁Kh ur da ▁Road – Vis akh ap at nam ▁section , ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁How rah - C hen na i ▁main ▁line ▁under ▁Kh ur da ▁Road ▁railway ▁division ▁of ▁East ▁Coast ▁Railway ▁zone . ▁It ▁is ▁situated ▁at ▁S url a ▁in ▁G anj am ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁Indian ▁state ▁of ▁Od isha . ▁ ▁History ▁In ▁between ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁to ▁ 1 8 9 6 , ▁the ▁coastal ▁railway ▁track ▁from ▁C utt ack ▁to ▁V ij ay aw ada ▁was ▁built ▁and ▁opened ▁to ▁traffic ▁by ▁East ▁Coast ▁State ▁Railway . ▁The ▁route ▁was ▁elect r ified ▁in ▁several ▁phases . ▁Kh ur da - Vis akh ap at nam ▁section ▁was ▁completely ▁elect r ified ▁by ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁and ▁How rah - C hen na i ▁route ▁was ▁fully ▁elect r ified ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁G anj am ▁district ▁Category : K h ur da ▁Road ▁railway ▁division <0x0A> </s>
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▁Patrick ▁W ym ark ▁( 1 1 ▁July ▁ 1 9 2 6 2 0 ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 0 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁stage , ▁film ▁and ▁television ▁actor . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁W ym ark ▁was ▁born ▁Patrick ▁Carl ▁Che es eman ▁in ▁Cle eth or pes , ▁Lincoln shire . ▁He ▁was ▁brought ▁up ▁in ▁neighbour ing ▁Gr ims by ▁and ▁frequently ▁re vis ited ▁the ▁area ▁at ▁the ▁height ▁of ▁his ▁career . ▁He ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁St ▁Mary ' s ▁Catholic ▁School ▁and ▁Win tring ham ▁Boys ' ▁Gram mar ▁School ▁in ▁Gr ims by , ▁before ▁joining ▁the ▁Royal ▁Navy ▁and ▁serving ▁as ▁a ▁mid ship man ▁in ▁the ▁Mediterranean . ▁On ▁leaving ▁the ▁navy , ▁he ▁received ▁a ▁government ▁grant ▁to ▁study ▁at ▁University ▁College ▁London , ▁where ▁he ▁read ▁English ▁and ▁performed ▁in ▁the ▁university ' s ▁dramatic ▁society . ▁ ▁Career ▁W ym ark ▁trained ▁at ▁the ▁Brist ol ▁Old ▁Vic ▁Theatre ▁School ▁and ▁making ▁his ▁first ▁stage ▁appearance ▁in ▁a ▁walk - on ▁part ▁in ▁O the ll o ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 1 . ▁He ▁tou red ▁South ▁Africa ▁the ▁following ▁year ▁and ▁then ▁directed ▁plays ▁for ▁the ▁drama ▁department ▁at ▁Stanford ▁University , ▁California . ▁ ▁After ▁moving ▁to ▁the ▁Shakespeare ▁Memorial ▁Theatre ▁in ▁Str at ford - up on - Av on , ▁W ym ark ▁played ▁a ▁wide ▁range ▁of ▁Shakespeare an ▁roles , ▁including ▁Dog berry ▁in ▁Much ▁Ad o ▁About ▁Nothing , ▁Steph ano ▁in
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▁The ▁Temp est , ▁Mar ull us ▁in ▁Jul ius ▁Ca esar ▁and ▁B ottom ▁in ▁A ▁Mid sum mer ▁Night ' s ▁Dream . ▁Other ▁stage ▁credits ▁included ▁the ▁title ▁role ▁in ▁D anton ' s ▁Death ▁and , ▁with ▁the ▁Royal ▁Shakespeare ▁Company ▁( R SC ), ▁E phi h od ov ▁in ▁The ▁Cher ry ▁Or ch ard . ▁His ▁theatre ▁roles ▁also ▁included ▁Bos ola ▁in ▁a ▁R SC ▁production ▁of ▁John ▁Web ster ' s ▁The ▁Du che ss ▁of ▁M alf i ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁In ▁television , ▁W ym ark ▁was ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁his ▁role ▁as ▁the ▁mach i av ell ian ▁business man ▁John ▁Wild er ▁in ▁the ▁twin ▁drama ▁series ▁The ▁Pl ane ▁M akers ▁and ▁The ▁Power ▁Game ▁( which ▁were ▁broadcast ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 9 ), ▁which ▁led ▁to ▁offers ▁of ▁real ▁company ▁direct orship s ▁and ▁the ▁British ▁Academy ▁Television ▁Award ▁for ▁Best ▁A ctor ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁However , ▁W ym ark ▁was ▁a ▁gentle ▁person ▁in ▁real ▁life ▁and ▁was , ▁by ▁his ▁own ▁admission , ▁ignorant ▁of ▁business ▁matters . ▁He ▁considered ▁the ▁character ▁of ▁Wild er ▁a ▁" bast ard " ▁and ▁was ▁described ▁by ▁his ▁wife ▁Ol wen ▁as ▁" the ▁most ▁in efficient , ▁dream y ▁m udd ler ▁in ▁the ▁world ." ▁In ▁the ▁mid - 1 9 6 0 s , ▁W ym ark ▁was
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▁considered ▁as ▁the ▁replacement ▁for ▁William ▁Hart nell ▁in ▁the ▁title ▁role ▁of ▁Doctor ▁Who . ▁ ▁W ym ark ' s ▁film ▁appearances ▁included : ▁Children ▁of ▁the ▁Dam ned ▁( 1 9 6 4 ), ▁Operation ▁Cross bow ▁( 1 9 6 5 ), ▁Rep ulsion ▁( 1 9 6 5 ), ▁Where ▁E agles ▁D are ▁( 1 9 6 8 ), ▁W itch finder ▁General ▁( 1 9 6 8 ), ▁Battle ▁of ▁Britain ▁( 1 9 6 9 ), ▁Dop pel g änger ▁( 1 9 6 9 ), ▁The ▁Blood ▁on ▁Sat an ' s ▁Cl aw ▁( 1 9 7 0 ) ▁and ▁C rom well ▁( 1 9 7 0 ) ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁W ym ark ▁married ▁American ▁play wright ▁Ol wen ▁Buck ▁( known ▁as ▁Ol wen ▁W ym ark ) ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 ; ▁the ▁couple ▁met ▁while ▁both ▁were ▁students ▁at ▁University ▁College ▁London . ▁He ▁took ▁his ▁acting ▁name ▁from ▁his ▁wife ' s ▁p ater nal ▁grandfather , ▁the ▁writer ▁William ▁W ym ark ▁Jac obs . ▁The ▁couple ▁lived ▁in ▁Parliament ▁Hill , ▁H amp stead , ▁and ▁had ▁four ▁children , ▁including ▁the ▁future ▁actress ▁Jane ▁W ym ark . ▁He ▁had ▁a ▁brother , ▁John ▁Che es eman . ▁ ▁W ym ark ▁died ▁suddenly ▁in ▁Melbourne , ▁Australia ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁October ▁ 1 9 7 0 , ▁aged ▁ 4 4 , ▁of ▁a ▁heart ▁attack ▁in ▁the ▁hotel ▁room
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▁in ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁staying . ▁He ▁had ▁been ▁due ▁to ▁star ▁in ▁the ▁play ▁ ▁S le uth ▁at ▁the ▁Com edy ▁Theatre ▁three ▁days ▁later . ▁On ▁the ▁night ▁of ▁his ▁death , ▁he ▁was ▁to ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁TV ▁variety ▁programme ▁In ▁Melbourne ▁Ton ight . ▁He , ▁guest ▁Richard ▁De acon ▁and ▁host ▁Stuart ▁W ag staff ▁had ▁just ▁appeared ▁together ▁in ▁a ▁TV ▁production ▁of ▁Hans ▁Christian ▁Anders en ▁stories , ▁and ▁his ▁non - appe arance ▁led ▁to ▁several ▁jokes ▁by ▁W ag staff ▁and ▁De acon . ▁Host ▁W ag staff ▁was ▁informed ▁of ▁W ym ark ' s ▁death ▁mid - way ▁through ▁the ▁programme ▁and ▁announced ▁it ▁at ▁the ▁end . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁buried ▁at ▁High gate ▁C emetery ▁in ▁London . ▁W ym ark ▁View — loc ated ▁in ▁his ▁home ▁town , ▁Gr ims by — is ▁named ▁after ▁him . ▁ ▁Se lected ▁film ography ▁ ▁The ▁League ▁of ▁Gent le men ▁( 1 9 6 0 ) ▁as ▁W yl ie ▁ ▁The ▁Crim inal ▁( 1 9 6 0 ) ▁as ▁Sol ▁ ▁West ▁ 1 1 ▁( 1 9 6 3 ) ▁as ▁Father ▁H ogan ▁ ▁Dr . ▁Syn , ▁Al ias ▁the ▁Sc are c row ▁( 1 9 6 3 ) ▁as ▁Jo es ph ▁R ans ley ▁ ▁Children ▁of ▁the ▁Dam ned ▁( 1 9 6 4 ) ▁as ▁Commander ▁▁ ▁The ▁Secret ▁of ▁Blood ▁Island ▁( 1 9 6 4 )
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▁as ▁Major ▁J oc omo ▁ ▁Operation ▁Cross bow ▁( 1 9 6 5 ) ▁as ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁W inst on ▁Churchill ▁ ▁Rep ulsion ▁( 1 9 6 5 ) ▁as ▁Land lord ▁▁ ▁The ▁Sk ull ▁( 1 9 6 5 ) ▁as ▁Marco ▁ ▁The ▁Psych opath ▁( 1 9 6 6 ) ▁as ▁In spector ▁H ollow ay ▁ ▁Woman ▁Times ▁Seven ▁( 1 9 6 7 ) ▁as ▁Henri ▁( segment ▁" At ▁The ▁Opera ") ▁ ▁Tell ▁Me ▁L ies ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁as ▁Gu est ▁ ▁W itch finder ▁General ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁as ▁C rom well ▁ ▁Where ▁E agles ▁D are ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁as ▁Colonel ▁Wy att ▁Turner ▁ ▁Dop pel g änger ▁( 1 9 6 9 ) ▁( altern ative ▁title : ▁Jour ney ▁to ▁the ▁Far ▁Side ▁of ▁the ▁Sun ) ▁as ▁Jason ▁We bb ▁ ▁Battle ▁of ▁Britain ▁( 1 9 6 9 ) ▁as ▁Air ▁Vice ▁Marshal ▁Tra ff ord ▁Le igh - M all ory ▁ ▁C rom well ▁( 1 9 7 0 ) ▁as ▁The ▁Earl ▁of ▁Stra ff ord ▁ ▁The ▁Blood ▁on ▁Sat an ' s ▁Cl aw ▁( 1 9 7 0 ) ▁as ▁The ▁Judge ▁▁ ▁( 1 9 7 2 ) ▁as ▁Christian ▁Hol m ▁( final ▁film ▁role ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7
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0 ▁deaths ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁English ▁male ▁actors ▁Category : M ale ▁actors ▁from ▁Lincoln shire ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁University ▁College ▁London ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Brist ol ▁Old ▁Vic ▁Theatre ▁School ▁Category : BA FT A ▁winners ▁( people ) ▁Category : Best ▁A ctor ▁BA FT A ▁Award ▁( te lev ision ) ▁winners ▁Category : B ur ials ▁at ▁High gate ▁C emetery ▁Category : English ▁male ▁film ▁actors ▁Category : English ▁male ▁stage ▁actors ▁Category : English ▁male ▁television ▁actors ▁Category : English ▁people ▁of ▁Finn ish ▁descent ▁Category : English ▁theatre ▁directors ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Cle eth or pes ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Gr ims by ▁Category : R oyal ▁Shakespeare ▁Company ▁members ▁Category : M ale ▁actors ▁of ▁Finn ish ▁descent ▁Category : English ▁Roman ▁Cath ol ics <0x0A> </s> ▁Kh arest an - e ▁O ly a ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Kh ā rest ā n - e ▁‘ O ly ā ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Kh ā r ▁s ū n ▁‘ O ly ā ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁How me h ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁Be h b ahan ▁County , ▁Kh uz est an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 9 0 , ▁in ▁ 2 2 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Be h b ahan ▁County
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<0x0A> </s> ▁Philip pa ▁York ▁( born ▁Robert ▁Mill ar ▁on ▁ 1 3 ▁September ▁ 1 9 5 8 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Scottish ▁journalist ▁and ▁former ▁professional ▁road ▁racing ▁cycl ist . ▁ ▁York , ▁who ▁competed ▁as ▁Robert ▁Mill ar , ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁Britain ' s ▁most ▁successful ▁cycl ists ▁of ▁all ▁time . ▁York ▁won ▁the ▁" King ▁of ▁the ▁Mountains " ▁competition ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁Tour ▁de ▁France ▁and ▁finished ▁fourth ▁overall . ▁This ▁success ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁a ▁British ▁r ider ▁won ▁a ▁major ▁Tour ▁classification , ▁and ▁was ▁un sur pass ed ▁as ▁the ▁highest ▁Tour ▁finish ▁for ▁a ▁Brit on ▁ ▁for ▁over ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁until ▁Brad ley ▁W igg ins ▁was ▁ret ros pect ively ▁placed ▁third ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁Tour ▁de ▁France . ▁York ▁rode ▁the ▁Tour ▁de ▁France ▁eleven ▁times , ▁completing ▁the ▁race ▁eight ▁times . ▁ ▁York ▁finished ▁second ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁G iro ▁d ' It alia ▁and ▁also ▁won ▁the ▁King ▁of ▁the ▁Mountains ▁classification . ▁This ▁was ▁the ▁highest ▁finish ▁by ▁a ▁Brit on ▁in ▁the ▁G iro ▁d ' It alia ▁until ▁Chris ▁Fro ome ▁won ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁race . ▁As ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁G iro ▁second - place ▁finish , ▁York ▁finished ▁second ▁in ▁two ▁other ▁Grand ▁T ours : ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁and ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁V u elta ▁a
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▁España . ▁The ▁second ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁V u elta ▁came ▁after ▁losing ▁the ▁leader ' s ▁jer sey ▁on ▁the ▁pen ult imate ▁stage , ▁in ▁what ▁is ▁widely ▁thought ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁coll usion ▁by ▁the ▁Spanish - spe aking ▁teams . ▁Further ▁vict ories ▁came ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁Vol ta ▁a ▁Catal un ya , ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁Tour ▁of ▁Britain ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 ▁Crit éri um ▁du ▁D au ph in é ▁Lib éré . ▁ ▁After ▁ret iring ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁York ▁moved ▁into ▁journal ism , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁spending ▁a ▁year ▁as ▁a ▁coach ▁for ▁British ▁Cycl ing . ▁She ▁reduced ▁her ▁public ▁commit ments ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁following ▁hostile ▁stories ▁regarding ▁rum ours ▁of ▁her ▁gender ▁transition , ▁and ▁after ▁an ▁appearance ▁as ▁Mill ar ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁Commonwealth ▁Games ▁left ▁public ▁life ▁altogether . ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 s , ▁having ▁transition ed ▁to ▁living ▁as ▁York , ▁she ▁returned ▁to ▁journal ism , ▁publishing ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁Robert ▁Mill ar ▁until ▁a ▁decision ▁to ▁appear ▁on ▁television ▁comment ary ▁and ▁reveal ▁her ▁transition ▁publicly ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁and ▁amateur ▁career ▁ ▁York ▁was ▁born ▁and ▁raised ▁in ▁Glasgow , ▁Scotland , ▁as ▁Robert ▁Mill ar . ▁At ▁one ▁time ▁dest ined ▁for ▁a ▁career ▁as
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▁a ▁factory ▁engineer , ▁York ▁attended ▁Shaw lands ▁Academy ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁city . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁York ▁revealed ▁that ▁she ▁had ▁first ▁felt ▁" d ifferent " ▁aged ▁five , ▁but ▁was ▁un aware ▁that ▁this ▁difference ▁came ▁from ▁dis comfort ▁with ▁her ▁gender . ▁ ▁She ▁initially ▁began ▁riding ▁for ▁Glen m arn ock ▁Whe el ers ▁cycl ing ▁club ▁and ▁quickly ▁established ▁herself ▁as ▁a ▁leading ▁amateur ▁road ▁racing ▁r ider . ▁As ▁Robert ▁Mill ar , ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁relatively ▁small ▁man ▁meaning ▁she ▁had ▁compar atively ▁less ▁weight ▁to ▁carry ▁up hill ▁and ▁she ▁exc elled ▁as ▁a ▁specialist ▁hill ▁and ▁mountain ▁cycl ist . ▁She ▁won ▁the ▁Scottish ▁junior ▁title ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁and ▁was ▁Scottish ▁hill - cl imb ▁champion ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁York ▁established ▁herself ▁on ▁the ▁British ▁scene . ▁She ▁was ▁twenty - first ▁in ▁the ▁Mil k ▁Race , ▁and ▁won ▁the ▁British ▁amateur ▁road ▁race ▁championship . ▁She ▁moved ▁to ▁France ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁Athlet ic ▁Club ▁de ▁Bou log ne ▁Bill anc ourt ▁( A . C . B . B .), ▁one ▁of ▁Europe ' s ▁top ▁amateur ▁teams . ▁York ▁was ▁as ▁ever ▁focused ▁and ▁quickly ▁began ▁winning ▁races ▁such ▁the ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁de ▁la ▁V ille ▁de ▁L ill ers . ▁This ▁success ▁brought ▁her ▁the ▁adm iration ▁of ▁her ▁A . C . B
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. B . ▁manager ▁Claude ▁Esc al on . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 9 , ▁after ▁ret aining ▁her ▁British ▁road ▁title , ▁taking ▁fourth ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁amateur ▁road ▁championship , ▁claiming ▁five ▁wins ▁in ▁France ▁and ▁winning ▁the ▁French ▁' Best ▁Am ateur ' ▁Tro phy , ▁she ▁turned ▁professional ▁for ▁the ▁Pe uge ot ▁cycl ing ▁team , ▁and ▁as ▁a ▁climbing ▁specialist ▁focused ▁on ▁single - day ▁road ▁races ▁and ▁stage ▁races ▁in ▁h illy ▁or ▁mountain ous ▁terrain . ▁York ▁was ▁happy ▁to ▁travel ▁abroad ▁and ▁wasn ' t ▁homes ick . ▁As ▁Mill ar , ▁she ▁married ▁a ▁French ▁woman ▁and ▁lived ▁with ▁her ▁in ▁France . ▁ ▁Professional ▁career ▁▁ 1 9 8 0 – 1 9 8 2 : ▁Early ▁years ▁ ▁York ' s ▁ 1 9 8 0 ▁debut ▁pro ▁season ▁included ▁second ▁in ▁the ▁Tour ▁du ▁V au cl use ▁to ▁Michel ▁La urent ▁and ▁e ighth ▁in ▁a ▁race ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁would ▁finish ▁in ▁the ▁top ▁ten ▁overall ▁in ▁her ▁career ▁seven ▁times , ▁the ▁Tour ▁de ▁Rom and ie . ▁Return ing ▁home ▁for ▁the ▁UK ▁National ▁Championship , ▁she ▁finished ▁fifth . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁she ▁improved ▁one ▁place ▁on ▁the ▁year ▁before ▁with ▁her ▁seventh ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁Tour ▁de ▁Rom and ie . ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁was ▁her ▁first ▁prominent ▁finish ▁in ▁another ▁race ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁would ▁again ▁consistently ▁impress , ▁the ▁Crit éri um ▁du ▁D
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au ph in é ▁Lib éré . ▁York ▁finished ▁seventh ▁as ▁per ▁the ▁Tour ▁de ▁Rom and ie ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁six ▁occasions ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁would ▁end ▁the ▁D au ph in é ▁in ▁the ▁top ▁ten ▁in ▁the ▁General ▁Class ification . 1 9 8 2 ▁saw ▁York ▁again ▁finish ▁seventh ▁in ▁the ▁Tour ▁de ▁Rom and ie . ▁In ▁the ▁second ▁year ▁of ▁the ▁under - 2 3 ▁Tour ▁de ▁l ' A ven ir ▁being ▁opened ▁to ▁professionals , ▁York ▁finished ▁second ▁to ▁Greg ▁Le M ond . ▁▁ 1 9 8 3 : ▁Tour ▁de ▁France ▁debut ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 3 ▁York ▁came ▁second ▁in ▁the ▁Crit éri um ▁du ▁D au ph in é ▁Lib éré ▁with ▁Le M ond ▁again ▁finishing ▁a ▁place ▁above ▁her . ▁With ▁her ▁impressive ▁June ▁showing ▁in ▁the ▁D au ph ine , ▁York ▁was ▁selected ▁for ▁the ▁Tour ▁de ▁France ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time . ▁Any ▁hopes ▁of ▁a ▁high ▁placing ▁in ▁the ▁tour ▁General ▁Class ification ▁ended ▁on ▁stage ▁three ▁when ▁she ▁crashed ▁losing ▁sevent een ▁minutes . ▁ 1 1 ▁July ▁was ▁that ▁year ' s ▁tour ▁first ▁mountain ous ▁race ▁crossing ▁the ▁Aub is que , ▁Tour mal et , ▁A spin , ▁and ▁P ey res our de ▁in ▁the ▁Py re ne es ▁on ▁stage ▁ten . ▁The ▁only ▁Py re ne an ▁stage ▁of ▁that ▁tour , ▁York ▁won ▁the ▁day ▁six ▁seconds ▁ahead ▁of ▁Pedro ▁Del g ado
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. ▁York ▁finished ▁four teenth ▁overall , ▁twenty - three ▁minutes ▁behind ▁the ▁winner , ▁La urent ▁F ign on ▁and ▁sand w ic hed ▁in ▁between ▁two ▁r iders ▁who ▁would ▁figure ▁prom in ently ▁in ▁her ▁career , ▁Stephen ▁Roche ▁in ▁th ir teenth ▁and ▁Del g ado ▁in ▁fif teenth . ▁York ' s ▁debut ▁grand ▁tour ▁gave ▁her ▁third ▁in ▁the ▁mountains ▁classification , ▁one ▁place ▁above ▁Del g ado ▁like ▁in ▁the ▁General ▁Class ification ▁with ▁Lu ci en ▁Van ▁Im pe ▁taking ▁the ▁pol ka ▁dot ▁jer sey . ▁▁ 1 9 8 4 : ▁York ' s ▁best ▁Tour ▁de ▁France ▁▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁saw ▁continued ▁improvement . ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁season ▁Paris – N ice , ▁she ▁and ▁her ▁team - mates ▁finished ▁second ▁in ▁the ▁stage ▁four ▁team ▁time ▁trial . ▁Two ▁days ▁later ▁York ▁finished ▁second ▁on ▁a ▁ ▁stage ▁ending ▁on ▁Mont ▁Vent oux ▁putting ▁her ▁in ▁the ▁overall ▁lead ▁at ▁that ▁point . ▁She ▁ended ▁the ▁race ▁in ▁sixth ▁overall ▁behind ▁winner ▁Sean ▁Kelly , ▁Stephen ▁Roche , ▁Bernard ▁H in ault , ▁Michel ▁La urent ▁and ▁Phil ▁Anderson . ▁In ▁the ▁Tour ▁de ▁Rom and ie ▁second ▁stage ▁at ▁Cr ans ▁Mont ana ▁she ▁beat ▁Pas cal ▁Simon ▁into ▁second ▁place . ▁Roche ▁won ▁the ▁race ▁with ▁York ▁finishing ▁in ▁fifth . ▁York ▁took ▁the ▁mountains ▁competition . ▁York ▁also ▁enjoyed ▁success ▁in ▁the ▁Grand ▁Prix ▁du ▁M idi ▁Lib re ▁winning ▁a ▁stage ▁and ▁finishing ▁fourth ▁overall
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. ▁Then ▁came ▁York ' s ▁best ▁Tour ▁de ▁France . ▁Stage ▁eleven ▁again ▁began ▁at ▁P au . ▁After ▁crossing ▁the ▁clim bs ▁of ▁the ▁Port et ▁d ' Asp et , ▁Core ▁and ▁Lat rap e , ▁York ▁won ▁the ▁stage ▁finishing ▁with ▁a ▁climb ▁to ▁Gu zet - Ne ige ▁ski ▁station . ▁She ▁was ▁forty - one ▁seconds ▁ahead ▁of ▁Luis ▁Herr era ▁with ▁Del g ado ▁a ▁further ▁twenty ▁seconds ▁behind ▁in ▁third . ▁York ▁finished ▁fourth ▁overall ▁( sur pass ing ▁Tom ▁Sim pson ' s ▁sixth ▁place ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 0 s ▁as ▁the ▁best ▁British ▁finish ▁at ▁the ▁time ) ▁with ▁F ign on ▁winning ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁success ive ▁year ▁and ▁H in ault ▁and ▁Le M ond ▁also ▁ahead ▁of ▁York . ▁Kelly ▁was ▁a ▁place ▁behind ▁York ▁in ▁fifth . ▁York ▁won ▁the ▁" King ▁of ▁the ▁Mountains " ▁pol ka ▁dot ▁jer sey , ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁a ▁native ▁English ▁speaker ▁had ▁won ▁this ▁jer sey . ▁On ▁ 2 ▁September ▁was ▁York ' s ▁best ▁finish ▁in ▁the ▁U CI ▁World ▁Championships . ▁R aced ▁in ▁Barcelona , ▁York ▁finished ▁sixth ▁with ▁winner ▁Claude ▁C ri qu iel ion , ▁Cl audio ▁Cort i ▁and ▁Steve ▁B auer ▁taking ▁the ▁pod ium ▁places . ▁Other ▁races ▁that ▁year ▁included ▁second ▁in ▁the ▁Tour ▁du ▁H aut ▁Var ▁to ▁Eric ▁Car it oux ▁and ▁second ▁in ▁Nice – ▁Al ass io ▁to ▁Roche . ▁York ▁finished ▁seventh
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▁in ▁the ▁Vol ta ▁a ▁Catal un ya , ▁won ▁by ▁Kelly . ▁▁ 1 9 8 5 : ▁The ▁“ st olen ▁V u elta ” ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 5 , ▁the ▁V u elta ▁a ▁España ▁was ▁still ▁held ▁in ▁its ▁April – ▁May ▁slot ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁of ▁the ▁three ▁grand ▁tours ▁of ▁the ▁season . ▁York ▁took ▁over ▁the ▁race ▁lead ▁on ▁stage ▁ten , ▁a ▁stage ▁won ▁by ▁Kelly . ▁York ▁held ▁the ▁lead ▁going ▁into ▁what ▁has ▁become ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁inf amous ▁days ' ▁racing ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁event . ▁York ▁started ▁the ▁day ▁just ▁ten ▁seconds ▁ahead ▁of ▁Francisco ▁Rodr í gue z ▁with ▁Spain ' s ▁P ello ▁Ru iz ▁Cab est any ▁ 6 5 ▁seconds ▁further ▁behind ▁in ▁third . ▁With ▁the ▁following ▁day ' s ▁last ▁stage ▁of ▁the ▁race ▁little ▁more ▁than ▁ceremon ial , ▁York ▁said ▁to ▁the ▁press , ▁" I ▁just ▁have ▁to ▁stick ▁to ▁P ach o ▁Rodr í gue z ' s ▁wheel ▁and ▁it ' s ▁done ." ▁A ▁mountain ous ▁stage ▁with ▁three ▁major ▁clim bs , ▁Rodr igue z ▁tried ▁but ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁make ▁any ▁in ro ads ▁on ▁York ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁climb ▁of ▁the ▁day , ▁the ▁Mor cu era . ▁At ▁the ▁foot ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁climb , ▁the ▁Cot os , ▁York ▁punct ured , ▁meaning ▁once ▁the ▁punct ure ▁had ▁been ▁tack led ▁York ▁had ▁to ▁chase ▁to ▁get
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▁back ▁to ▁Rodr igue z ▁and ▁Cab est any . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁r iders ▁reached ▁the ▁third ▁climb , ▁Los ▁Le ones , ▁York ▁had ▁not ▁only ▁reached ▁Rodr igue z ▁and ▁Cab est any ▁but ▁was ▁also ▁taking ▁their ▁congr at ulations , ▁indicating ▁their ▁acceptance ▁of ▁the ▁race ▁being ▁effectively ▁over ▁as ▁a ▁contest . ▁However , ▁York ▁was ▁un aware ▁that ▁Del g ado , ▁in ▁the ▁mountains ▁around ▁his ▁Seg ov ia ▁home ▁town ▁that ▁he ▁knew ▁so ▁well , ▁had ▁launched ▁an ▁attack . ▁None ▁of ▁the ▁r iders ▁in ▁York ' s ▁group ▁made ▁York ▁aware ▁of ▁the ▁attack ▁by ▁Del g ado , ▁an ▁elite ▁specialist ▁clim ber ▁like ▁York , ▁with ▁the ▁knowledge ▁of ▁the ▁roads ▁allowing ▁him ▁to ▁descend ▁aggress ively . ▁Del g ado ▁had ▁support ▁in ▁his ▁break ▁from ▁a ▁second ▁r ider , ▁Jose ▁Rec io . ▁Del g ado ▁had ▁started ▁the ▁day ▁in ▁sixth ▁place ▁and ▁six ▁minutes ▁behind ▁York . ▁Working ▁with ▁Rec io , ▁Del g ado ▁was ▁now ▁nearly ▁seven ▁minutes ▁ahead ▁of ▁York ▁on ▁the ▁road . ▁York ▁had ▁no ▁team - mates ▁in ▁the ▁group ▁with ▁Rodr igue z ▁and ▁Cab est any ▁as ▁they ▁had ▁been ▁unable ▁to ▁keep ▁up . ▁Rec io ▁won ▁the ▁stage ▁and ▁Del g ado ▁took ▁overall ▁lead ▁of ▁the ▁race ▁by ▁thirty - six ▁seconds ▁from ▁York . ▁With ▁the ▁race ▁being ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁" The ▁St olen ▁V u elta ', ▁from ▁the ▁coll
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