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▁a ▁general ▁and ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁Empire ▁of ▁Japan , ▁but ▁it ▁failed . ▁He ▁was ▁arrested ▁by ▁the ▁Military ▁Police ▁( K em pe it ai ). ▁He ▁was ▁founder ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Jud o ▁Association ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 0 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁U sh ij ima ▁T ats uk uma ▁( World Cat ) ▁ ▁Category : J apan ese ▁male ▁jud oka ▁Category : 1 9 0 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 8 5 ▁deaths <0x0A> </s> ▁Raf i abad ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Raf ī ʿ ā b ā d ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Rud ▁Ab - e ▁Shar q i ▁R ural ▁District , ▁Rud ▁Ab ▁District , ▁N arm ash ir ▁County , ▁K erman ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 4 1 3 , ▁in ▁ 1 0 3 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁N arm ash ir ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Pot an ich th ys ▁is ▁a ▁foss il ▁genus ▁of ▁flying ▁or ▁gl iding ▁fish ▁found ▁in ▁depos its ▁in ▁China ▁dating ▁to ▁the ▁Lad inian ▁age ▁of ▁the ▁Middle ▁Tri ass ic ▁epoch ▁ ▁( 2 3 7 ▁to ▁ 2 2 8 ▁million ▁years ▁ago ). ▁However , ▁the ▁foss il ▁is ▁not ▁related ▁to ▁modern ▁flying ▁fish , ▁which ▁evolved ▁independently ▁about ▁ 6 6 ▁million ▁years ▁ago .
▁It ▁is ▁classified ▁under ▁the ▁ext inct ▁family ▁Thor ac opter idae ▁of ▁the ▁order ▁Per le id iform es . ▁It ▁contains ▁only ▁one ▁species , ▁Pot an ich th ys ▁x ing y iens is . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Thor ac opter us ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁New ▁flying ▁fish ▁foss ils ▁discovered ▁in ▁China ▁BBC , ▁ 3 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁The ▁world ' s ▁oldest ▁flying ▁fish ▁took ▁to ▁the ▁air ▁ 8 0 ▁million ▁years ▁before ▁birds ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁sk ies ▁Daily ▁Mail , ▁ 3 1 ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁ ▁Category : M iddle ▁Tri ass ic ▁fish ▁Category : Tri ass ic ▁b ony ▁fish ▁Category : F oss il ▁tax a ▁described ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁Category : Per le id iform es ▁Category : Pre hist oric ▁ray - f inned ▁fish ▁gener a ▁Category : Pre hist oric ▁fish ▁of ▁Asia ▁Category : Pre hist oric ▁animals ▁of ▁China <0x0A> </s> ▁Sir ▁Per cy ▁Thomas ▁By r nes ▁( 2 8 ▁January ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁– ▁ 5 ▁March ▁ 1 9 7 3 ) ▁was ▁an ▁Australian ▁politician . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁at ▁E ids v old ▁in ▁Queensland ▁to ▁water ▁bail iff ▁Thomas ▁By r nes ▁and ▁Annie ▁Louis a ▁James . ▁He ▁attended ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Melbourne , ▁where ▁he ▁received ▁a ▁Bachelor ▁of ▁Science , ▁and ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁A IF
▁during ▁World ▁War ▁I . ▁On ▁ 6 ▁June ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁he ▁married ▁Dor othy ▁Elizabeth ▁Jud d , ▁with ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁four ▁children . ▁After ▁the ▁war ▁he ▁became ▁an ▁or ch ard ist ▁at ▁Ny ah ▁West ▁and ▁then ▁at ▁W oor inen . ▁He ▁was ▁active ▁in ▁the ▁Country ▁Party , ▁and ▁from ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁served ▁on ▁Sw an ▁Hill ▁Sh ire ▁Council , ▁including ▁a ▁term ▁as ▁president ▁( 1 9 3 9 – 4 0 ). ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Victorian ▁Legisl ative ▁Council ▁for ▁North ▁Western ▁Province . ▁He ▁was ▁Assistant ▁Minister ▁of ▁L ands ▁and ▁Water ▁Supp ly ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁and ▁Minister ▁of ▁Public ▁Works ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 0 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 2 ; ▁he ▁also ▁led ▁the ▁Country ▁Party ▁in ▁the ▁Council ▁from ▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁By r nes ▁was ▁kn ight ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁and ▁resigned ▁from ▁parliament ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 . ▁He ▁died ▁at ▁Sw an ▁Hill ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 9 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 7 3 ▁deaths ▁Category : National ▁Party ▁of ▁Australia ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Victoria ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁Victorian ▁Legisl
ative ▁Council ▁Category : Austral ian ▁Kn ights ▁Bachelor ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁Australian ▁politicians <0x0A> </s> ▁There ▁are ▁thirteen ▁scheduled ▁mon uments ▁in ▁Birmingham , ▁England . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom , ▁a ▁scheduled ▁monument ▁is ▁a ▁" n ation ally ▁important " ▁archae ological ▁site ▁or ▁historic ▁building ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁given ▁protection ▁against ▁un author ised ▁change ▁by ▁being ▁placed ▁on ▁a ▁list ▁( or ▁" schedule ") ▁by ▁the ▁Secretary ▁of ▁State ▁for ▁Culture , ▁Media ▁and ▁Sport ; ▁English ▁Heritage ▁takes ▁the ▁leading ▁role ▁in ▁identifying ▁such ▁sites . ▁Mon uments ▁are ▁defined ▁in ▁the ▁Anc ient ▁Mon uments ▁and ▁Arch ae ological ▁Are as ▁Act ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁and ▁the ▁National ▁Heritage ▁Act ▁ 1 9 8 3 . ▁S cheduled ▁mon uments — s ometimes ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁scheduled ▁ancient ▁mon uments — can ▁also ▁be ▁protected ▁through ▁listed ▁building ▁procedures , ▁and ▁English ▁Heritage ▁considers ▁listed ▁building ▁status ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁better ▁way ▁of ▁protecting ▁buildings ▁and ▁standing ▁structures . ▁A ▁scheduled ▁monument ▁that ▁is ▁later ▁determined ▁to ▁" no ▁longer ▁mer it ▁schedul ing " ▁can ▁be ▁des cheduled . ▁ ▁Birmingham ' s ▁scheduled ▁mon uments ▁are : ▁ ▁\| } ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁* List ▁Category : Arch ae ological ▁sites ▁in ▁the ▁West ▁Mid lands ▁( count y ) ▁Category : History ▁of ▁Birmingham , ▁West ▁Mid lands ▁S cheduled ▁Birmingham <0x0A> </s> ▁Ji ang xi ▁Agricult ural ▁University ▁( J X
AU ; ▁) ▁is ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁subur bs ▁of ▁N anch ang ▁city . ▁N anch ang ▁is ▁the ▁capital ▁city ▁of ▁Ji ang xi ▁province . ▁J X AU ▁is ▁a ▁key ▁province - run ▁university ▁and ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁universities ▁in ▁China ▁to ▁confer ▁b achelor ' s ▁and ▁master ' s ▁degrees . ▁The ▁campus ▁is ▁beautiful ▁with ▁pleasant ▁environment ▁and ▁sc ener y . ▁ ▁With ▁ 1 6 ▁colleges , ▁J X AU ▁offers ▁degrees ▁in ▁ 6 1 ▁academic ▁maj ors . ▁Since ▁its ▁establishment ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁over ▁ 7 0 , 0 0 0 ▁students ▁have ▁graduated ▁from ▁J X AU . ▁Even ▁though ▁the ▁university ▁places ▁key ▁emphasis ▁in ▁school ▁education , ▁considerable ▁amount ▁of ▁progress ▁has ▁been ▁made ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁academic ▁research , ▁voc ational ▁training ▁and ▁community ▁services . ▁ ▁Administration ▁The ▁university ▁consist ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁fac ult ies ▁and ▁schools . ▁These ▁are ; ▁College ▁of ▁Agr onomy ▁Institute ▁of ▁the ▁Arts ▁College ▁of ▁Animal ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁College ▁of ▁Engineering ▁Institute ▁of ▁Land ▁and ▁Resources ▁and ▁the ▁Environment ▁Computer ▁and ▁Information ▁Engineering ▁College ▁The ▁Economic ▁and ▁Trade ▁Institute ▁The ▁Human ities ▁and ▁Institute ▁of ▁Public ▁Administration ▁The ▁V oc ational ▁Te achers ▁( ▁Technology ) ▁College ▁N anch ang ▁Business ▁College ▁Software ▁Division ▁in ▁the ▁Institute ▁of ▁Adult ▁Education ▁College ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Ji ang xi ▁Agricult ure ▁University ( J X AU ) ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁J
X AU ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁N anch ang ▁Business ▁College ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Category : Univers ities ▁and ▁colleges ▁in ▁Ji ang xi ▁Category : E duc ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁Category : Univers ities ▁in ▁N anch ang <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁state ▁legisl ative ▁assembly ▁( , ▁D UN ; ▁also ▁known ▁simply ▁as ▁state ▁assembly ) ▁is ▁the ▁legisl ative ▁branch ▁of ▁the ▁state ▁governments ▁of ▁each ▁far ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 3 ▁Malays ian ▁states . ▁Members ▁of ▁a ▁state ▁legisl ative ▁assembly ▁compris es ▁elected ▁representatives ▁from ▁single - member ▁constitu encies ▁during ▁state ▁elections ▁through ▁the ▁first - p ast - the - post ▁system . ▁ ▁The ▁as sembl ies ▁have ▁powers ▁to ▁en act ▁state ▁laws ▁as ▁provided ▁for ▁by ▁the ▁Constitution ▁of ▁Malaysia . ▁The ▁majority ▁party ▁in ▁each ▁assembly ▁forms ▁the ▁state ▁government , ▁and ▁the ▁leader ▁of ▁the ▁majority ▁party ▁becomes ▁M enter i ▁Bes ar ▁( for ▁states ▁with ▁her edit ary ▁rul ers ) ▁or ▁Chief ▁Minister ▁( for ▁states ▁without ▁her edit ary ▁rul ers ) ▁of ▁the ▁state . ▁After ▁the ▁March ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁general ▁election , ▁the ▁Bar isan ▁Nas ional ▁coalition ▁were ▁the ▁majority ▁party ▁in ▁eight ▁states , ▁while ▁the ▁opposition ▁won ▁five ▁states . ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁B N ▁reg ained ▁Per ak ▁after ▁ 3 ▁Pak atan ▁R aky at ▁assembly ▁members ▁defect ed . ▁ ▁The ▁state ▁legisl ative ▁as
sembl ies ▁are ▁un ic amer al , ▁unlike ▁the ▁b ic amer al ▁Parliament ▁of ▁Malaysia . ▁The ▁her edit ary ▁rul ers ▁or ▁Yang ▁di - P ert ua ▁Neg eri ▁( govern ors ) ▁are ▁v ested ▁with ▁powers ▁to ▁diss olve ▁their ▁respective ▁state ▁legisl ative ▁as sembl ies ▁on ▁the ▁advice ▁of ▁the ▁ment eri ▁bes ar ▁or ▁chief ▁minister . ▁Once ▁diss olved , ▁elections ▁must ▁be ▁carried ▁out ▁within ▁an ▁inter im ▁period ▁of ▁sixty ▁( 6 0 ) ▁days . ▁Usually , ▁state ▁elections ▁are ▁held ▁simultaneously ▁with ▁the ▁federal ▁parliament ary ▁elections , ▁with ▁the ▁exception ▁of ▁Sar aw ak , ▁and ▁before ▁ 2 0 0 4 , ▁Sab ah . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁state ▁legisl ative ▁as sembl ies ▁in ▁Malaysia ▁The ▁list ▁excl udes ▁K ual a ▁L ump ur , ▁Put raj aya ▁and ▁Lab uan ▁as ▁Federal ▁Terr itories ▁do ▁not ▁have ▁state ▁legisl ative ▁as sembl ies ▁and ▁are ▁governed ▁directly ▁by ▁the ▁federal ▁government ▁under ▁the ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Federal ▁Terr itories ▁together ▁with ▁local ▁authorities , ▁namely ▁the ▁K ual a ▁L ump ur ▁City ▁Hall , ▁Put raj aya ▁Corporation ▁and ▁Lab uan ▁Corporation ▁respectively . ▁ ▁L ists ▁of ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁in ▁Malaysia ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Mal ay an ▁State ▁and ▁S ett lement ▁Council ▁Represent atives ▁( 1 9 5 4 – 5 9 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 1 9 5 9 – 6 4
) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 1 9 6 4 – 6 9 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 1 9 6 9 – 7 4 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 1 9 7 4 – 7 8 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 1 9 7 8 – 8 2 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 1 9 8 2 – 8 6 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 1 9 8 6 – 9 0 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 1 9 9 0 – 9 5 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 1 9 9 5 – 9 9 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 1 9 9 9 – 2 0 0 4 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 2 0 0 4 – 0 8 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 2 0 0 8 – 1 3 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 2 0 1 3 – 1 8 ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Malays ian ▁State ▁Assembly ▁Represent atives ▁( 2 0 1 8 – ) ▁ ▁Women ▁Women ▁in ▁state ▁legisl ative ▁as sembl ies ▁of ▁Malaysia ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Politics ▁of
▁Malaysia ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁state ▁by - ele ctions ▁in ▁Malaysia ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pol it ics ▁of ▁Malaysia <0x0A> </s> ▁Cec ilio ▁Ap ó st ol ▁( N ovember ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 8 7 7 ▁– ▁September ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Filip ino ▁poet ▁and ▁poet ▁la ure ate . ▁His ▁poems ▁were ▁once ▁used ▁to ▁teach ▁the ▁Spanish ▁language ▁under ▁the ▁Republic ▁Act ▁No . ▁ 1 8 8 1 . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Santa ▁Cruz , ▁Man ila ▁and ▁studied ▁at ▁the ▁A ten e o ▁de ▁Man ila ▁where ▁he ▁finished ▁his ▁Bachelor ▁of ▁Arts , ▁before ▁studying ▁law ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Sant o ▁Tom as . ▁During ▁the ▁early ▁years ▁of ▁American ▁occupation ▁ ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁journalist ▁for ▁the ▁ ▁revolutionary ▁newspapers ▁Independ ence , ▁The ▁Brother hood , ▁The ▁Union , ▁Rena issance ▁and ▁Democr acy . ▁His ▁pseud onym ▁on ▁his ▁work ▁at ▁the ▁La ▁Independ encia , ▁under ▁Antonio ▁L una , ▁was ▁Cat ulo . ▁He ▁later ▁joined ▁the ▁Nacional ista ▁Party ▁which ▁wanted ▁the ▁independence ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁Academy ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁until ▁his ▁death . ▁Ap ó st ol ▁wrote ▁in ▁English ▁and ▁Spanish , ▁and ▁composed ▁poems ▁that ▁demonstrated ▁his ▁master y ▁of ▁Spanish . ▁He ▁composed ▁the ▁poem ▁Al ▁Hero e ▁Nacional ▁( To
▁the ▁National ▁Hero ) ▁which ▁is ▁dedicated ▁to ▁José ▁R iz al . ▁In ▁the ▁book ▁of ▁poems , ▁Pent é lic as , ▁he ▁described ▁landsc apes ▁ev oking ▁a ▁vivid ▁image . ▁He ▁died ▁in ▁Cal o oc an , ▁R iz al . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 8 7 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 3 8 ▁deaths ▁Category : A ten e o ▁de ▁Man ila ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Filip ino ▁po ets ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Santa ▁Cruz , ▁Man ila ▁Category : Writ ers ▁from ▁Man ila ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Sant o ▁Tom as ▁al umn i ▁Category : Span ish - language ▁writers ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁Category : Fil ip ino ▁male ▁po ets ▁Category : Po ets ▁la ure ate ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁male ▁writers <0x0A> </s> ▁Jack ▁Patrick ▁Curt is ▁( born ▁January ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁in ▁Rh od h iss , ▁North ▁Carolina ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁former ▁professional ▁baseball ▁player ▁and ▁left - handed ▁pitch er ▁who ▁worked ▁in ▁ 6 9 ▁games ▁in ▁Major ▁League ▁Base ball ▁for ▁the ▁Chicago ▁Cub s ▁( 1 9 6 1 – 6 2 ), ▁Mil w au kee ▁Br aves ▁( 1 9 6 2 ) ▁and ▁Cleveland ▁Indians ▁( 1 9 6 3 ). ▁He ▁was ▁listed ▁as ▁ ▁tall ▁and ▁ ▁and ▁signed ▁with ▁the ▁Cub s ▁in
▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁after ▁gradu ating ▁from ▁Gran ite ▁Falls ▁High ▁School . ▁ ▁Curt is ▁joined ▁the ▁ML B ▁Cub s ▁after ▁two ▁st al wart ▁seasons ▁in ▁minor ▁league ▁baseball . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁he ▁won ▁ 2 0 ▁games ▁( l osing ▁ 1 0 ) ▁with ▁a ▁spark ling ▁ 2 . 8 4 ▁earned ▁run ▁average ▁for ▁the ▁Class ▁B ▁W en at che e ▁Ch iefs . ▁Then , ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁he ▁went ▁ 1 9 – 8 ▁( 3 . 5 7 ) ▁for ▁the ▁Double - A ▁San ▁Antonio ▁M issions ▁and ▁was ▁named ▁the ▁Texas ▁League ' s ▁pitch er ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁ro ok ie ▁campaign , ▁, ▁Curt is ▁took ▁a ▁turn ▁in ▁the ▁Cub s ' ▁starting ▁rotation ▁and ▁won ▁ten ▁games , ▁tied ▁for ▁second ▁on ▁the ▁team . ▁He ▁threw ▁six ▁complete ▁games . ▁However , ▁he ▁finished ▁below ▁. 5 0 0 ▁with ▁ 1 3 ▁defe ats ▁and ▁posted ▁a ▁poor ▁ 4 . 8 9 ▁E RA . ▁In ▁ ▁he ▁began ▁the ▁year ▁by ▁going ▁win less ▁in ▁three ▁starts ▁and ▁one ▁relief ▁appearance ▁during ▁April . ▁On ▁April ▁ 3 0 , ▁he ▁was ▁traded ▁even - up ▁for ▁veteran ▁Br aves ' ▁starting ▁pitch er ▁Bob ▁Bu hl , ▁a ▁former ▁National ▁League ▁All - Star . ▁But ▁Curt is ▁made ▁only ▁five ▁starts ▁for ▁Mil w au
kee ▁through ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁and ▁put ▁up ▁a ▁ 4 – 4 ▁record ▁in ▁ 3 0 ▁games , ▁with ▁one ▁save . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁season , ▁he ▁was ▁traded ▁again , ▁this ▁time ▁to ▁the ▁Cleveland ▁Indians , ▁who ▁had ▁just ▁hired ▁manager ▁Bird ie ▁T eb bet ts ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁Br aves . ▁Curt is ▁appeared ▁in ▁four ▁games ▁for ▁T eb bet ts ▁in ▁relief ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁weeks ▁of ▁ ▁and ▁was ▁treated ▁harsh ly ▁in ▁three ▁of ▁them . ▁He ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁Tri ple - A ▁Jackson ville ▁at ▁the ▁May ▁cut down ▁after ▁allowing ▁ten ▁earned ▁runs ▁in ▁only ▁five ▁inn ings ▁pit ched . ▁The ▁rest ▁of ▁his ▁pro ▁career ▁was ▁spent ▁in ▁the ▁min ors . ▁Curt is ▁retired ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 7 . ▁ ▁During ▁his ▁ML B ▁career , ▁Curt is ▁compiled ▁a ▁career ▁record ▁of ▁ 1 4 – 1 9 ▁with ▁a ▁ 4 . 8 4 ▁earned ▁run ▁average . ▁In ▁ 2 7 9 ▁inn ings ▁pit ched , ▁he ▁permitted ▁ 3 2 8 ▁hits ▁and ▁ 8 9 ▁bases ▁on ▁balls ▁with ▁ 1 0 8 ▁strike outs . ▁He ▁was ▁cred ited ▁with ▁six ▁complete ▁games ▁and ▁two ▁saves . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Base ball ▁players ▁from ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Category : B ur
lington ▁Be es ▁players ▁Category : Ch arl otte ▁Horn ets ▁( base ball ) ▁players ▁Category : Ch icago ▁Cub s ▁players ▁Category : C leveland ▁Indians ▁players ▁Category : Jack son ville ▁Sun s ▁players ▁Category : Mag ic ▁Valley ▁Cow boys ▁players ▁Category : M ajor ▁League ▁Base ball ▁pitch ers ▁Category : Mil w au kee ▁Br aves ▁players ▁Category : Par is ▁L akers ▁players ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Cal d well ▁County , ▁North ▁Carolina ▁Category : Port land ▁Be a vers ▁players ▁Category : P on ca ▁City ▁Cub s ▁players ▁Category : P ueblo ▁Bru ins ▁players ▁Category : San ▁Antonio ▁M issions ▁players ▁Category : S yr ac use ▁Ch iefs ▁players ▁Category : T ol edo ▁M ud ▁H ens ▁players ▁Category : W en at che e ▁Ch iefs ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Eli ▁Broad ▁College ▁of ▁Business ▁is ▁the ▁business ▁college ▁at ▁Michigan ▁State ▁University . ▁The ▁college ▁has ▁programs ▁in ▁accounting , ▁finance , ▁general ▁management , ▁human ▁resource ▁management , ▁marketing , ▁supply ▁chain ▁management , ▁and ▁hospital ity ▁business , ▁which ▁is ▁an ▁independent , ▁industry - specific ▁school ▁within ▁the ▁Broad ▁College ▁( The ▁School ▁of ▁Hospital ity ▁Business ). ▁This ▁independent , ▁industry - specific ▁school ▁has ▁ 8 0 0 ▁admitted ▁under graduate ▁students ▁and ▁ 3 6 ▁graduate ▁students ▁not ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁college ' s ▁tot als . ▁ ▁Eli ▁Broad , ▁an ▁al umn us ▁of ▁Michigan ▁State , ▁end owed ▁the
▁college ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁don ating ▁$ 2 0 ▁million . ▁ ▁The ▁college ▁has ▁been ▁acc red ited ▁by ▁the ▁Association ▁to ▁Adv ance ▁Col leg iate ▁Schools ▁of ▁Business ▁( A AC SB ) ▁since ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁ ▁The ▁University ▁of ▁Texas - D allas ' s ▁Top ▁ 1 0 0 ▁Business ▁School ▁Research ▁Rank ings ▁lists ▁the ▁Broad ▁College ▁as ▁# 3 0 ▁in ▁North ▁America ▁and ▁# 3 3 ▁worldwide ▁in ▁research ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 4 ▁leading ▁business ▁jour nals ▁it ▁tracks . ▁ ▁Camp us ▁The ▁Eli ▁Broad ▁School ▁of ▁Business ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁campus ▁of ▁Michigan ▁State ▁University ▁in ▁the ▁Eug ene ▁C . ▁E pp ley ▁Center ▁and ▁North ▁Business ▁College ▁Complex . ▁Inside ▁the ▁North ▁Business ▁College ▁Complex ▁is ▁the ▁Lear ▁Corporation ▁Career ▁Services ▁Center . ▁The ▁William ▁C . ▁Gast ▁Business ▁Library ▁is ▁across ▁the ▁street ▁in ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁Law ▁building . ▁ ▁The ▁Week end ▁Master ▁of ▁Business ▁Administration ▁( M BA ) ▁program ▁and ▁executive ▁development ▁programs ▁are ▁held ▁at ▁the ▁James ▁B . ▁Henry ▁Center ▁for ▁Executive ▁Development ▁in ▁L ans ing , ▁Michigan , ▁and ▁the ▁Management ▁Education ▁Center ▁in ▁T roy , ▁Michigan . ▁ ▁Deg ree ▁programs ▁ ▁Under graduate ▁degrees ▁Broad ▁offers ▁under graduate ▁degrees ▁in ▁accounting , ▁finance , ▁general ▁management , ▁hospital ity ▁business , ▁human ▁resource ▁management , ▁marketing , ▁and ▁supply ▁chain ▁management . ▁The ▁supply ▁chain ▁management ▁major ▁is
▁currently ▁ranked ▁number ▁one ▁by ▁the ▁U . S . ▁News ▁& ▁World ▁Report . ▁Under graduate ▁students ▁must ▁apply ▁to ▁the ▁college ▁and ▁be ▁admitted ▁as ▁jun iors . ▁ ▁Under graduate ▁special izations ▁include ▁entrepreneur ship , ▁environmental ▁studies , ▁hospital ity ▁business ▁real ▁estate ▁& ▁development , ▁information ▁technology , ▁sales ▁communication , ▁and ▁sustain ability . ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁minor ▁available ▁in ▁international ▁business . ▁ ▁Under graduate ▁programs ▁were ▁ranked ▁ 4 2 nd ▁in ▁the ▁country ▁by ▁Business week ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁and ▁ 2 1 st ▁by ▁U . S . ▁News ▁and ▁World ▁Report ▁in ▁their ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Best ▁Under graduate ▁Business ▁Program s ▁rank ings , ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁Online ▁and ▁Hy brid ▁Program s ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Michigan ▁State ▁University ▁initiated ▁online ▁certificate ▁programs ▁in ▁supply ▁chain ▁management , ▁hospital ity ▁management ▁and ▁strategic ▁leadership ▁through ▁the ▁Broad ▁College . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁and ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁online ▁programs ▁expanded ▁to ▁include ▁eight ▁cert ificates ▁in ▁supply ▁chain ▁management , ▁four ▁in ▁strategic ▁leadership ▁and ▁two ▁in ▁hospital ity ▁management . ▁ ▁Eli ▁Broad ▁College ▁of ▁Business ▁offers ▁online ▁for - c redit ▁graduate ▁cert ificates ▁in ▁human ▁resource ▁management , ▁leadership ▁and ▁strategic ▁management . ▁Additionally , ▁Broad ▁offers ▁an ▁online ▁master ▁of ▁science ▁degree ▁in ▁management , ▁strategy ▁and ▁leadership ▁and ▁an ▁MS ▁in ▁supply ▁chain ▁management .
▁The ▁supply ▁chain ▁degree ▁is ▁in ▁a ▁bl ended ▁format ▁that ▁includes ▁online ▁and ▁on - camp us ▁sessions . ▁ ▁M BA ▁programs ▁ ▁The ▁Broad ▁College ▁has ▁offered ▁M BA ▁programs ▁since ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁ ▁Its ▁Full - Time ▁M BA ▁program ▁is ▁ 2 1 ▁months ▁in ▁duration ▁and ▁is ▁for ▁those ▁with ▁at ▁least ▁ 2 ▁years ▁of ▁work ▁experience . ▁The ▁average ▁admitted ▁student ▁has ▁four ▁years ▁of ▁work ▁experience . ▁The ▁program ▁was ▁ranked ▁ 2 7 th ▁in ▁the ▁nation ▁and ▁ 1 4 th ▁among ▁public ▁institutions ▁by ▁Business week ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁ 5 8 th ▁in ▁the ▁world ▁by ▁Financial ▁Times ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁and ▁ 2 2 nd ▁in ▁the ▁nation ▁by ▁For bes ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁ ▁Its ▁Week end ▁M BA ▁program ▁last s ▁ 1 9 ▁months ▁and ▁is ▁for ▁working ▁professionals ▁with ▁significant ▁experience . ▁Class es ▁are ▁held ▁every ▁other ▁Saturday ▁and ▁one ▁Friday ▁evening ▁per ▁month . ▁This ▁program ▁was ▁ranked ▁ 4 6 th ▁by ▁Econom ist ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁Executive ▁M BA ▁Rank ing . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁the ▁program ▁was ▁ranked ▁ 7 2 nd ▁glob ally ▁by ▁Financial ▁Times ▁Executive ▁M BA ▁Rank ing . ▁ ▁Other ▁Master ' s ▁Deg ree ▁Program s ▁Master ▁of ▁Science ▁in ▁Account ing ▁Master ▁of ▁Science ▁in ▁Business ▁Anal ytics ▁Master ▁of ▁Science
▁in ▁Finance ▁Master ▁of ▁Science ▁in ▁Hospital ity ▁Business ▁Management ▁ ▁Master ▁of ▁Science ▁in ▁Marketing ▁Research ▁Master ▁of ▁Science ▁in ▁Management , ▁Str ategy ▁and ▁Lead ership ▁Master ▁of ▁Science ▁in ▁Supp ly ▁Chain ▁Management ▁Michael ▁L . ▁Minor ▁Master ▁of ▁Science ▁in ▁Food ▁Service ▁Business ▁Management ▁ ▁Doctor al ▁Program s ▁Account ing ▁Finance ▁Information ▁Technology ▁Management ▁Log istics ▁Marketing ▁Strateg ic ▁Management ▁Operations ▁and ▁S our cing ▁Management ▁Organ iz ational ▁Be havior ▁ ▁Research ▁Cent ers ▁The ▁Center ▁for ▁Lead ership ▁of ▁the ▁Digital ▁Enterprise ▁( CLO DE ) ▁provides ▁an ▁intellectual ▁infrastructure ▁of ▁research ▁projects , ▁dat abases ▁and ▁case ▁studies ▁with ▁a ▁keen ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁strategic ▁needs ▁of ▁an ▁innovative ▁corporation . ▁ ▁The ▁Institute ▁for ▁Entre pre neur ship ▁advances ▁and ▁prom otes ▁entrepreneur ship ▁at ▁Michigan ▁State ▁University ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Michigan ▁through ▁research , ▁education , ▁and ▁out reach . ▁Oper ating ▁under ▁IE , ▁the ▁Dem mer ▁Center ▁for ▁Business ▁Trans formation ▁( DC BT ) ▁was ▁established ▁through ▁a ▁gift ▁from ▁the ▁Dem mer ▁family , ▁to ▁help ▁Michigan ▁companies ▁transform ▁into ▁strategic , ▁lean ▁competitors ▁by ▁providing ▁education , ▁“ h ands - on ” ▁engagement , ▁and ▁thought ▁leadership . ▁Since ▁its ▁establishment ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁the ▁Dem mer ▁Center ▁has ▁been ▁assist ing ▁Michigan ▁manufacturing ▁businesses ▁in ▁transform ing ▁and ▁increasing ▁their ▁presence ▁and ▁profit ability ▁in ▁domestic ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁global ▁markets . ▁ ▁The ▁Center ▁for ▁Global ▁S ustain ability
▁focuses ▁on ▁developing ▁and ▁disse min ating ▁knowledge ▁associated ▁with ▁the ▁key ▁sustain ability ▁dimensions ▁of ▁economic , ▁environment , ▁eth ics , ▁and ▁education . ▁ ▁The ▁International ▁Business ▁Center ▁( I BC ) ▁was ▁designated ▁as ▁a ▁Center ▁for ▁International ▁Business ▁Education ▁and ▁Research ▁( CI BER ), ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁U . S . ▁Department ▁of ▁Education ▁design ation ▁as ▁a ▁National ▁Resource ▁Center , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁The ▁center ▁provides ▁education , ▁research , ▁and ▁assistance ▁on ▁issues ▁of ▁importance ▁to ▁international ▁trade ▁and ▁global ▁compet it iveness . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁headquarters ▁of ▁the ▁Academy ▁of ▁International ▁Business ▁and ▁developed ▁the ▁global ED GE ▁research ▁tool . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁United ▁States ▁business ▁school ▁rank ings ▁List ▁of ▁business ▁schools ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : M ich igan ▁State ▁University ▁Category : Bus iness ▁schools ▁in ▁Michigan ▁Category : E ast ▁L ans ing , ▁Michigan ▁Category : E duc ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 <0x0A> </s> ▁Ve get ation ▁and ▁Environment ▁monitoring ▁on ▁a ▁New ▁Micro - S at ell ite ▁( V EN µ S ) ▁is ▁a ▁near ▁polar ▁sun - s ynchron ous ▁orbit ▁mic ros at ell ite . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁joint ▁project ▁of ▁the ▁Israeli ▁Space ▁Agency ▁and ▁C N ES . ▁The ▁project ▁was ▁signed ▁upon ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁was ▁launched ▁on ▁the ▁ 2 nd
▁of ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁The ▁mic ros at ell ite , ▁which ▁was ▁set ▁to ▁cost ▁the ▁IS A ▁US $ 2 0 ▁million ▁and ▁C N ES ▁€ 1 0 ▁million , ▁was ▁designed ▁and ▁built ▁by ▁I AI ▁and ▁Raf ael ▁under ▁IS A ' s ▁super vision . ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁mission , ▁C N ES ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁supp lying ▁the ▁supers pect ral ▁camera ▁and ▁the ▁science ▁mission ▁center . ▁The ▁IS A ▁is ▁responsible ▁for ▁the ▁satellite ▁control ▁center , ▁the ▁technological ▁mission ▁and ▁payload ▁( Is rael i ▁Hall ▁effect ▁Th r uster ▁and ▁autonom ous ▁mission ), ▁the ▁space craft , ▁and ▁the ▁launch er ▁interface . ▁ ▁History ▁A ▁joint ▁study ▁to ▁check ▁feas ibility ▁of ▁the ▁program ▁was ▁done ▁on ▁the ▁first ▁half ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁Phase ▁A ▁started ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁and ▁upon ▁completion , ▁a ▁memor and um ▁of ▁understanding ▁was ▁signed ▁between ▁the ▁IS A ▁and ▁C N ES . ▁The ▁satellite ▁was ▁originally ▁planned ▁to ▁be ▁launched ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ; ▁however ▁due ▁to ▁changes ▁of ▁the ▁launch ers ▁and ▁several ▁del ays , ▁the ▁launch ▁date ▁was ▁pushed ▁to ▁ 2 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁It ▁was ▁launched ▁via ▁a ▁V ega ▁launch er ▁from ▁Gu iana ▁Space ▁Centre ▁together ▁with ▁Italian ▁satellite ▁OPT S AT - 3 0 0 0 . ▁ ▁Mission ▁The ▁satellite ▁has ▁a ▁scientific ▁and ▁a
▁technological ▁mission . ▁Scient ific ▁mission ▁requirements ▁were ▁defined ▁by ▁Centre ▁d ' E t udes ▁Sp at ial es ▁de ▁la ▁B IO s ph ère , ▁France , ▁and ▁Ben - G ur ion ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁Ne ge v , ▁Israel , ▁and ▁C N ES . ▁Techn ological ▁Mission ▁requirement ▁were ▁defined ▁by ▁Raf ael . ▁ ▁Scient ific ▁mission ▁The ▁satellite ▁has ▁a ▁ 2 - day ▁re visit ▁orbit ▁which ▁allows ▁constant ▁viewing ▁angles ▁at ▁constant ▁Sun ▁lighting ▁angles . ▁The ▁unique ▁combination ▁is ▁hoped ▁to ▁allow ▁the ▁development ▁of ▁new ▁image ▁processing ▁methods . ▁A ▁set ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁ 5 0 ▁points ▁of ▁interest ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁were ▁chosen ▁to ▁be ▁sc anned ▁throughout ▁the ▁scientific ▁mission . ▁The ▁points ▁will ▁be ▁resc anned ▁every ▁ 2 ▁days ▁for ▁the ▁entire ▁duration ▁of ▁the ▁mission ▁where ▁it ▁will ▁collect ▁sens ory ▁and ▁imag ery ▁data . ▁Some ▁of ▁the ▁objectives ▁from ▁the ▁scientific ▁mission ▁are : ▁▁ ▁Monitor ing ▁and ▁analy zing ▁surface ▁under ▁various ▁environmental ▁and ▁human ▁factors ▁▁ ▁Develop ▁and ▁validate ▁various ▁ecosystem ▁functioning ▁models ▁ ▁Impro ve ▁and ▁validate ▁global ▁carbon ▁cycle ▁models ▁ ▁Define ▁theoretical ▁and ▁practical ▁methods ▁for ▁scale ▁transfer ▁ ▁Collect ▁and ▁analyze ▁data ▁collected ▁by ▁the ▁low ▁spatial ▁resolution ▁sensors ▁ ▁The ▁satellite ▁is ▁equipped ▁with ▁a ▁Super ▁Spect ral ▁Camera ▁compris es ▁a ▁cat adi op tr ic ▁optical ▁system , ▁a ▁ ▁f ocal ▁plane ▁assembly ▁with ▁narrow ▁band ▁filters , ▁and ▁ 4 ▁detector ▁units
▁with ▁ 3 ▁separate ▁C CD - T DI ▁array . ▁Each ▁array ▁with ▁separate ▁operational ▁and ▁thermal ▁control . ▁ ▁The ▁satellite ▁is ▁also ▁equipped ▁with ▁a ▁R it che y - Ch ret ien ▁teles cope ▁with ▁a ▁f ocal ▁length ▁of ▁ 1 . 7 5 m ▁and ▁a ▁diameter ▁of ▁ 0 . 2 5 m . ▁The ▁teles cope ' s ▁tube ▁will ▁be ▁covered ▁to ▁protect ▁it ▁from ▁pollution ▁and ▁dust ▁which ▁will ▁deploy ▁once ▁in ▁orbit . ▁ ▁Techn ological ▁mission ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁its ▁scientific ▁mission , ▁the ▁satellite ▁has ▁a ▁technological ▁mission . ▁The ▁satellite ▁is ▁equipped ▁with ▁Israeli ▁hall ▁effect ▁thr usters ▁( I HE T ). ▁The ▁mission ▁is ▁to ▁demonstrate ▁the ▁thr usters ' ▁enhanced ▁capabilities ▁and ▁autonom ous ▁mission ▁operations ▁which ▁include : ▁▁ ▁Or bit ▁maintenance ▁ ▁L EO ▁to ▁L EO ▁orbit ▁transfer ▁ ▁En abling ▁imag ing ▁mission ▁in ▁a ▁high ▁drag ▁environment ▁- ▁performing ▁the ▁scientific ▁mission ▁at ▁an ▁alt itude ▁of ▁ 4 1 0 km ▁on ▁an ▁Earth ▁repe ating ▁sun ▁synchron ous ▁orbit ▁ ▁The ▁technological ▁mission ▁is ▁designed ▁to ▁use ▁ 1 6 kg ▁of ▁X en on . ▁ ▁Platform ▁The ▁satellite ▁platform ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁Israel ▁A eros pace ▁Indust ries ▁O PS AT ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁satellite ▁platform . ▁Ven us ▁satellite ▁will ▁have ▁dual ▁prop ulsion ▁system : ▁H yd raz ine ▁for ▁orbit ▁insert ion ▁and ▁X en on ▁for ▁the
▁technological ▁mission . ▁ ▁Ven us ▁satellite ▁mass ▁is ▁ 2 6 5 kg ▁( w et ), ▁of ▁which ▁ 1 6 kg ▁are ▁X en on ▁and ▁ 7 kg ▁are ▁hyd raz ine . ▁ ▁Ground ▁control ▁station ▁The ▁satellite ▁is ▁ground ▁controlled ▁by ▁I AI ▁in ▁Israel ; ▁the ▁Israel ▁mission ▁control ▁is ▁linked ▁to ▁two ▁sub - st ations ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁each ▁of ▁the ▁missions : ▁The ▁scientific ▁mission ▁is ▁operated ▁from ▁T oul ouse ▁Space ▁Center , ▁France ▁and ▁the ▁technology ▁mission ▁is ▁controlled ▁from ▁the ▁Techn ological ▁Mission ▁Center , ▁Raf ael , ▁Ha ifa , ▁Israel . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁C N ES ▁ ▁Israel ▁Space ▁Agency ▁▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁in ▁space fl ight ▁ ▁Israel ▁A eros pace ▁Indust ries ▁ ▁V ega ▁ ▁R it che y – Ch r ét ien ▁teles cope ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁C N ES ▁V EN µ S ▁Mission ▁Page ▁▁ ▁Building ▁the ▁V EN US ▁satellite , ▁Israel ▁A eros pace ▁Indust ries , ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Science , ▁Technology ▁and ▁Space ▁\ ▁Israel ▁Space ▁Agency ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁on ▁YouTube ▁▁ ▁Meet ▁the ▁V EN US ▁satellite , ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Science , ▁Technology ▁and ▁Space ▁\ ▁Israel ▁Space ▁Agency , ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ ▁Jerusalem ▁from ▁space : ▁First ▁images ▁of ▁the ▁satellite ▁V EN US ▁ ▁He brew ▁, ▁Y net ▁news , ▁ 2 3
▁August ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁ ▁Category : Space ▁observ ator ies ▁Category : IA I ▁satell ites ▁Category : Space craft ▁launched ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁Category : E arth ▁observation ▁satell ites ▁of ▁Israel ▁Category : S at ell ites ▁of ▁France ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁in ▁Israel ▁Category : 2 0 1 7 ▁in ▁France ▁Category : Space craft ▁launched ▁by ▁V ega ▁rock ets ▁Category : Is rael i ▁invent ions <0x0A> </s> ▁Car aga ▁Regional ▁Science ▁High ▁School ▁is ▁a ▁public ▁school ▁in ▁San ▁Juan , ▁Sur ig ao ▁City , ▁Philippines . ▁Car aga ▁R SH S ▁is ▁the ▁leading ▁school ▁in ▁the ▁Division ▁of ▁Sur ig ao ▁City ▁with ▁high ▁M PS ▁during ▁the ▁annual ▁National ▁A chie vement ▁Tests ▁( N AT ), ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁consistent ▁in ▁making ▁its ▁name ▁in ▁Division , ▁Regional , ▁National ▁and ▁International ▁level ▁cont ests . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁birth ▁of ▁the ▁Dep Ed ▁Car aga ▁Administr ative ▁Region ▁or ▁Region ▁XIII ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁by ▁virtue ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁Act ▁No . ▁ 7 9 0 1 , ▁required ▁the ▁establishment ▁of ▁a ▁Regional ▁Science ▁High ▁School ▁with ▁a ▁permanent ▁site . ▁ ▁Regional ▁Director ▁Sol ▁F . ▁Mat ug as ▁task ed ▁City ▁Schools ▁Division ▁Super int endent , ▁Dr . ▁Gl or ina ▁Mong aya - T rem ed al , ▁to ▁seek ▁support ▁from ▁former ▁Sur ig ao ▁City ▁Mayor ▁Salvador
▁S ering ▁who ▁agreed ▁with ▁the ▁idea ▁and ▁so ▁don ated ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁sq . m . ▁located ▁at ▁the ▁portion ▁of ▁Bar ang ay , ▁San ▁Juan . ▁ ▁The ▁Car aga ▁Regional ▁Science ▁High ▁School ▁made ▁Mat ilde ▁J . ▁Man lig uis , ▁appointed ▁by ▁Director ▁Mat ug as , ▁as ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁aside ▁from ▁her ▁design ation ▁as ▁the ▁principal ▁of ▁the ▁S J N HS . ▁ ▁For ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁years , ▁CR SH S ▁shared ▁the ▁roof ▁of ▁San ▁Juan ▁National ▁High ▁School ▁which ▁is ▁now ▁known ▁as ▁Sur ig ao ▁National ▁High ▁School ▁as ▁it ▁had ▁no ▁building ▁of ▁its ▁own . ▁CR SH S ▁is ▁a ▁sister / bro ther ▁of ▁SC N HS . ▁The ▁realization ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁building ▁took ▁over ▁a ▁year ▁considering ▁that ▁the ▁location ▁was ▁still ▁sw amp y . ▁Finally ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁it ▁transferred ▁to ▁its ▁new ▁site ▁with ▁a ▁six ▁classroom ▁building ▁with ▁a ▁science ▁and ▁a ▁computer ▁laboratory ▁rooms . ▁ ▁CR SH S ▁started ▁its ▁hum ble ▁beginning ▁with ▁ 1 2 0 ▁fresh men ▁qual ifiers ▁mostly ▁coming ▁from ▁the ▁elementary ▁schools ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁division ▁and ▁the ▁nearby ▁towns . ▁The ▁number ▁of ▁students ▁gradually ▁decre ased ▁year ly ▁until ▁what ▁was ▁left ▁on ▁its ▁fourth ▁year ▁were ▁the ▁ 4 9 ▁students ▁who ▁became ▁the ▁pione ering ▁gradu ates . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 3
- 2 0 0 4 , ▁Dep Ed ▁Car aga ▁granted ▁CR SH S ▁the ▁permission ▁to ▁operate ▁a ▁separate ▁secondary ▁school . ▁CR SH S ▁caught ▁the ▁attention ▁of ▁the ▁entire ▁nation ▁when ▁it ▁maintained ▁its ▁place ▁as ▁top not cher ▁in ▁the ▁National ▁Second ary ▁A chie vement ▁Test ▁( NS AT ); ▁consequ ently , ▁putting ▁the ▁school ▁in ▁the ▁Hall ▁of ▁fame . ▁ ▁In ▁S . Y . ▁ 2 0 1 2 - 2 0 1 3 ▁the ▁school ▁adapted ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁K - 1 2 ▁Cur riculum ▁and ▁pione ers ▁of ▁this ▁curriculum ▁were ▁introduced ▁as ▁" Gr ade ▁ 7 ▁or ▁ 7 th ▁Grad ers " ▁these ▁students ▁successfully ▁completed ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁Junior ▁High ▁School ▁Com ple ters ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁in ▁S . Y . ▁ 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 1 6 . ▁The ▁first ▁batch ▁of ▁" Gr ade ▁ 1 1 ▁or ▁ 1 1 th ▁Grad ers " ▁will ▁be ▁introduced ▁in ▁S . Y . ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁- ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁The ▁pione ering ▁batch ▁of ▁K - 1 2 ▁Cur riculum ▁will ▁graduate ▁Senior ▁High ▁School ▁in ▁S . Y . ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁- ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁In ▁S . Y . ▁ 2 0 1 5 - 2 0 1 6 ▁Ms . ▁Ma . ▁Lu isa ▁Guy ano ▁from ▁Sur ig ao ▁City ▁National ▁High ▁School ▁replaced
▁Mrs . ▁Man lig uis ▁as ▁the ▁School ▁Pr incipal ▁after ▁the ▁former ▁principal ▁retired . ▁ ▁Ad mission ▁and ▁Ret ention ▁ ▁Ad mission ▁to ▁C AR AG A ▁R SH S ▁( J un ior ▁High ) ▁Students ▁who ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁upper ▁ 1 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁Grade ▁VI ▁gradu ating ▁class ▁and ▁who ▁have ▁been ▁recommended ▁by ▁their ▁respective ▁princip als ▁are ▁qualified ▁to ▁take ▁the ▁entrance ▁examination . ▁ ▁Selection ▁will ▁be ▁done ▁in ▁three ▁stages ▁and ▁is ▁conducted ▁by ▁the ▁school . ▁The ▁first ▁stage ▁is ▁the ▁administration ▁of ▁standard ized ▁mental ▁ability ▁and ▁apt itude ▁test . ▁The ▁student ▁applic ant ▁must ▁belong ▁to ▁the ▁ 4 0 ▁percent ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁stage ▁of ▁examination ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁advance ▁to ▁the ▁second ▁stage . ▁ ▁The ▁second ▁stage ▁is ▁the ▁prof iciency ▁test ▁in ▁Science , ▁English , ▁and ▁Mathemat ics . ▁The ▁stage ▁qual ifier ▁should ▁obtain ▁at ▁least ▁ 7 5 ▁percent ▁prof iciency ▁level ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁advance ▁to ▁the ▁last ▁stage ▁of ▁the ▁selection ▁process . ▁ ▁The ▁last ▁stage ▁is ▁the ▁interview ▁of ▁the ▁student ▁and ▁parents . ▁It ▁would ▁be ▁conducted ▁by ▁the ▁R SH S ▁screening ▁committee . ▁The ▁interview ▁shall ▁be ▁rated ▁in ▁accordance ▁with ▁a ▁prepared ▁rub ric ▁and ▁shall ▁be ▁an ▁integral ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁score ▁obtained ▁by ▁the ▁student . ▁ ▁Ret ention ▁A ▁student ▁should ▁obtain ▁a ▁final ▁average ▁grade ▁of ▁at ▁least ▁ 8 5 % ▁in ▁English , ▁Research , ▁Mathemat
ics ▁and ▁Science , ▁with ▁no ▁grade ▁lower ▁than ▁ 8 0 % ▁in ▁any ▁of ▁these ▁subjects , ▁in ▁any ▁grad ing ▁period , ▁and ▁a ▁final ▁grade ▁of ▁ 8 3 % ▁in ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁subjects . ▁If ▁a ▁student ▁fails ▁to ▁meet ▁the ▁latter ▁grade ▁requirement ▁the ▁student ▁will ▁be ▁in ▁prob ation ▁for ▁a ▁period ▁of ▁one ▁year . ▁ ▁There ▁were ▁plans ▁before ▁of ▁increasing ▁the ▁cut - off ▁grade ▁in ▁Science , ▁Research , ▁Math , ▁and ▁English ▁subjects ▁from ▁ 8 5 % ▁to ▁ 8 8 % ▁and ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁subjects ▁from ▁ 8 3 % ▁to ▁ 8 5 %, ▁however ▁this ▁wasn ' t ▁implemented ▁due ▁to ▁some ▁circumstances . ▁ ▁Transfer ▁Only ▁students ▁who ▁have ▁maintained ▁the ▁grade ▁requirement ▁set ▁for ▁R SH S ▁shall ▁be ▁allowed ▁to ▁transfer ▁later ally , ▁that ▁is , ▁from ▁one ▁R SH S ▁to ▁another . ▁Transfer ▁from ▁general ▁high ▁school ▁to ▁the ▁R SH S ▁is ▁not ▁allowed ▁in ▁any ▁curriculum ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁R SH S ▁Cur riculum ▁ ▁Over view ▁Regional ▁Science ▁High ▁Schools ▁implement ▁a ▁curriculum ▁which ▁is ▁different ▁from ▁Regular ▁High ▁Schools ▁( which ▁uses ▁R BE C ▁curriculum ), ▁Science ▁High ▁Schools ▁other ▁than ▁R SH S ▁( which ▁uses ▁E SE P ▁curriculum ) ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines ▁and ▁Philipp ine ▁Science ▁High ▁School ▁( which ▁implements ▁curriculum ▁presc ribed ▁by ▁DO ST ). ▁ ▁The ▁curriculum ▁consists ▁of ▁four ▁levels , ▁which ▁is
▁two ▁years ▁of ▁general ▁studies , ▁followed ▁by ▁two ▁years ▁of ▁a ▁student - ch osen ▁major . ▁Students ▁apply ▁for ▁maj ors ▁in ▁soph om ore ▁year , ▁and ▁take ▁four ▁sem es ters ▁of ▁major ▁classes ▁throughout ▁junior ▁and ▁senior ▁year . ▁ ▁The ▁school ▁offers ▁a ▁highly ▁acceler ated ▁curriculum ▁for ▁math , ▁science ▁and ▁information ▁and ▁communications ▁technology ▁and ▁a ▁custom - made ▁curriculum ▁tail ored ▁for ▁the ▁school ▁in ▁the ▁areas ▁of ▁the ▁English ▁and ▁Filip ino ▁languages , ▁Social ▁Studies , ▁and ▁human ities , ▁with ▁required ▁courses ▁and ▁a ▁wide ▁selection ▁of ▁elect ives . ▁Students ▁have ▁an ▁opportunity ▁to ▁do ▁independent ▁research , ▁and ▁many ▁compete ▁in ▁the ▁annual ▁Intel ▁Science ▁Fair . ▁ ▁The ▁basic ▁science ▁courses ▁includes ▁earth ▁& ▁environmental ▁sciences , ▁bi ology , ▁chemistry , ▁and ▁physics . ▁First ▁year ▁students ▁tackle ▁earth ▁& ▁environmental ▁science , ▁and ▁Introduction ▁to ▁Physical ▁Sciences ▁( Phys ics ▁& ▁Chem istry ). ▁Bi ology , ▁Chem istry ▁and ▁Phys ics ▁is ▁introduced ▁during ▁second ▁year . ▁Soph om ores ▁tackle ▁the ▁areas ▁of ▁bot any , ▁in organ ic ▁chemistry , ▁and ▁mechanics . ▁Z ool ogy , ▁organic ▁chemistry , ▁and ▁therm od ynamics ▁is ▁studied ▁by ▁jun iors . ▁Sen iors ▁have ▁human ▁bi ology , ▁analyt ical ▁chemistry ▁and ▁electricity , ▁electron ics , ▁elect romag net ics , ▁and ▁vectors . ▁ ▁In ▁mathemat ics , ▁students ▁takes ▁up ▁elementary ▁mathemat ics , ▁elementary ▁and ▁intermediate ▁algebra , ▁plane ▁and
▁solid ▁geometry , ▁and ▁probability ▁and ▁statistics ▁during ▁fresh man . ▁Line ar ▁algebra , ▁analyt ic ▁geometry , ▁plane ▁and ▁spher ical ▁tr ig on ometry , ▁and ▁statistics ▁in ▁research ▁are ▁taken ▁during ▁soph om ore . ▁D iffer ential ▁and ▁integral ▁calcul us ▁and ▁D iffer ential ▁equations , ▁and ▁Advanced ▁Statistics ▁are ▁learned ▁by ▁jun iors . ▁Sen iors ▁tackle ▁advanced ▁topics ▁in ▁mathemat ics . ▁ ▁Students ▁takes ▁a ▁four - year ▁English ▁course . ▁Gram mar ▁and ▁composition ▁is ▁tack led ▁by ▁fresh men ▁and ▁soph om ores , ▁while ▁journal ism , ▁and ▁speech ▁and ▁drama ▁are ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁junior ▁and ▁senior ▁course ▁respectively . ▁Technical ▁writing ▁is ▁also ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁fresh men ▁English ▁course . ▁Philipp ine ▁literature , ▁Asian ▁literature , ▁World ▁Liter ature , ▁and ▁Cont emporary ▁literature ▁are ▁taught ▁during ▁fresh man , ▁soph om ore , ▁junior , ▁and ▁senior ▁years , ▁respectively . ▁ ▁Information ▁and ▁communications ▁technology ▁( ICT ) ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁curriculum . ▁Fresh men ▁learn ▁about ▁computer ▁fundament als , ▁digital ▁design , ▁and ▁programming . ▁Soph om ores ▁under go ▁a ▁computer ▁programming ▁and ▁applications ▁course . ▁Digital ▁signal ▁processing ▁is ▁learned ▁by ▁jun iors . ▁Data ▁communication ▁and ▁networking ▁is ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁senior ▁year . ▁ ▁Four ▁years ▁of ▁Filip ino ▁language ▁and ▁liter atures ▁are ▁required . ▁S ining ▁ng ▁Pak ik ip ag tal ast as an ▁( commun ication ▁arts ) ▁courses ▁are ▁studied
▁by ▁fresh man ▁and ▁soph om ores . ▁Jun iors ▁tackle ▁pag bas a ▁at ▁p ags ul at ▁sa ▁ib at ▁ib ang ▁discipl ina ▁( read ing ▁and ▁writing ▁in ▁different ▁discipl ines ) ▁while ▁sen iors ▁learn ▁about ▁ret or ika ▁( r het oric ). ▁Incl uded ▁in ▁their ▁pan at ikan ▁( liter ature ) ▁course ▁are ▁I b ong ▁Ad arna , ▁Flor ante ▁at ▁Laura , ▁N oli ▁Me ▁T ang ere , ▁and ▁El ▁Fil ib uster ismo , ▁which ▁are ▁included ▁during ▁fresh man , ▁soph om ore , ▁junior , ▁and ▁senior ▁years , ▁respectively . ▁ ▁Social ▁studies ▁and ▁History ▁classes ▁are ▁required . ▁Philipp ine ▁History , ▁Asian ▁history , ▁World ▁History , ▁and ▁Life ▁of ▁Jose ▁R iz al ▁are ▁taken ▁up ▁by ▁fresh men , ▁soph om ores , ▁jun iors ▁and ▁sen iors , ▁respectively . ▁Soci ology , ▁ge ography , ▁economics , ▁and ▁political ▁science ▁are ▁learned ▁during ▁fresh man , ▁soph om ore , ▁junior ▁and ▁senior , ▁respectively . ▁ ▁Health ▁and ▁Physical ▁Education ▁courses ▁are ▁also ▁required , ▁with ▁many ▁activities ▁to ▁choose ▁from . ▁ ▁Am end ments ▁In ▁reference ▁to ▁Dep . ▁Ed ▁order ▁No . ▁ 2 5 ▁S . ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the ▁following ▁are ▁am end ments ▁to ▁en closure ▁no . ▁ 1 ▁of ▁Dep . ▁Ed ▁order ▁no . ▁ 4 9 ▁s . ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁entitled ▁" The ▁
2 0 0 3 ▁Cur riculum ▁of ▁Regional ▁Science ▁High ▁Schools " ▁ ▁a . ▁Mathemat ics ▁Cur ric ular ▁offer ings ▁effective ▁school ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 6 - 2 0 0 7 ▁Mathemat ics ▁III ▁( elect ive ) ▁- ▁Anal yt ic ▁Ge ometry ▁Mathemat ics ▁IV ▁( core ) ▁- ▁Cal cul us ▁ ▁b . ▁Mathemat ics ▁Cur ric ular ▁offer ings ▁effective ▁school ▁year ▁ 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 0 8 ▁Mathemat ics ▁IV ▁( core ) ▁- ▁Error ▁ 4 0 4 : ▁Not ▁Found ▁Mathemat ics ▁IV ▁( elect ive ) ▁- ▁Error ▁ 4 0 4 : ▁Not ▁Found ▁ ▁c . ▁D iffer ential ▁equation ▁and ▁Ge ology / M ete or ology / A str onomy ▁as ▁elect ives ▁in ▁fourth ▁year ▁shall ▁not ▁be ▁offered ▁as ▁elect ives ▁for ▁high ▁school ▁students . ▁ ▁Car aga ▁Regional ▁Science ▁High ▁School ▁Cur riculum ▁ ▁Senior ▁High ▁School ▁Cur riculum ▁Car aga ▁Regional ▁Science ▁High ▁School ▁is ▁offering ▁the ▁following ▁str ands ▁under ▁the ▁Academ ic ▁Track ▁of ▁the ▁Senior ▁High ▁School ▁program : ▁ ▁Science , ▁Technology , ▁Engineering , ▁and ▁Mathemat ics ▁( STEM ) ▁ ▁Account ancy , ▁Business , ▁and ▁Management ▁( AB M ) ▁ ▁Human ities ▁and ▁Social ▁Sciences ▁( H UM SS ) ▁ ▁Student ▁Op portun ities ▁ ▁Research ▁Along ▁with ▁a ▁rig orous ▁academic ▁foundation , ▁and ▁an ▁array ▁of ▁extr ac ur ric ular ▁choices , ▁students ▁are ▁provided
▁with ▁original ▁research ▁opportunities ▁in ▁the ▁biological ▁and ▁physical ▁sciences , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁in ▁field ▁of ▁mathemat ics ▁and ▁programs ▁that ▁h one ▁students ' ▁investigation ▁skills ▁and ▁prepare ▁them ▁for ▁academic ▁compet itions . ▁ ▁Class ▁Se ctions ▁ ▁Club ▁Feder ations ▁and ▁Organ izations ▁Supreme ▁Student ▁Government ▁( SS G ) ▁ ▁Philipp ine ▁Society ▁of ▁Youth ▁Science ▁Club s ▁( PS Y SC ) ▁ ▁Youth ▁for ▁Environment ▁in ▁School ▁Organization ▁( Y ES - O ) ▁Information ▁and ▁Communications ▁Technology ▁Club ▁( ICT ) ▁ ▁Mathemat ics ▁Feder ated ▁Club ▁ ▁MA PE H ▁Feder ated ▁Club ▁Sam ah ang ▁Filip ino ▁ ▁Historical ▁Society ▁English ▁Feder ated ▁Club ▁ ▁CR SH S ▁Online ▁Board ▁Staff ▁Clean ▁Environment ▁Adv oc ates ▁League ▁( CE AL ) ▁ ▁National ▁Drug ▁Education ▁Program ▁Club ▁( N DE P ) ▁ ▁B ant ay ▁B ili hin ▁Vol unte er ▁Network ▁ ▁Pop ulation ▁Development ▁Club ▁( Pop - Dev ) ▁Pe er ▁Fac il it ators ' ▁Club ▁ ▁Boy ▁Sc outs ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁( B SP ) ▁Girl ▁Sc outs ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁( G SP ) ▁Dr um ▁& ▁Ly re ▁Corps ▁Car asc ian ▁Per forming ▁Arts ▁En semble ▁School ▁Watch ing ▁Team ▁School ▁Dis aster ▁R isk ▁Red uction ▁and ▁Management ▁Council ▁Car asc ian ▁Per forming ▁Arts ▁En semble ▁( CP AE ) ▁Car asci ans ▁Camera ▁C rew ▁( CC C ) ▁ ▁Fac ilities ▁ ▁Public ations ▁The ▁In former ▁- ▁The
▁official ▁English ▁Public ation ▁of ▁Car aga ▁R SH S ▁Current ▁School ▁Paper ▁Advis er : ▁Mrs . ▁Fed d il aine ▁A . ▁U bas ▁G int ong ▁Di wa ▁- ▁The ▁official ▁Filip ino ▁Public ation ▁of ▁Car aga ▁R SH S ▁Current ▁School ▁Paper ▁Advis er : ▁Mrs . ▁Fe ▁M . ▁Bon ono ▁ ▁The ▁two ▁publications ▁of ▁Car aga ▁Regional ▁Science ▁High ▁School ▁have ▁been ▁maintaining ▁their ▁spots ▁as ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁multi - a ward ed ▁school ▁papers ▁in ▁Journal ism ▁compet itions . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Reg ional ▁Science ▁High ▁School ▁Union ▁Category : Sch ools ▁in ▁Sur ig ao ▁City ▁Category : E duc ational ▁institutions ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁Category : 1 9 9 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁W PS ▁Exp ansion ▁D raft ▁was ▁a ▁special ▁draft ▁for ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁Professional ▁Soc cer ▁( W PS ) ▁expansion ▁team ▁Western ▁New ▁York ▁Flash ▁that ▁took ▁place ▁on ▁November ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 2 0 1 0 . ▁The ▁Flash ▁had ▁the ▁opportunity ▁to ▁make ▁nine ▁player ▁se lections ▁from ▁the ▁existing ▁seven ▁W PS ▁teams . ▁ ▁Format ▁ ▁Ex isting ▁teams ▁may ▁protect ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 0 ▁players , ▁but ▁must ▁leave ▁a ▁minimum ▁of ▁ 3 ▁un protected . ▁( Free ▁agents ▁are ▁not ▁included ▁in ▁either ▁category .) ▁ ▁Exp ansion ▁team ▁must ▁each ▁select ▁one ▁player ▁from ▁each ▁existing
▁team ▁prior ▁to ▁selecting ▁a ▁second ▁player ▁from ▁an ▁existing ▁team . ▁ ▁Ex isting ▁team ▁may ▁protect ▁one ▁additional ▁player ▁after ▁losing ▁their ▁first ▁player . ▁ ▁Ex isting ▁team ▁may ▁protect ▁all ▁players ▁after ▁losing ▁their ▁second ▁player . ▁ ▁An ▁existing ▁team ▁may ▁not ▁lose ▁more ▁than ▁two ▁players . ▁ ▁Exp ansion ▁team ▁may ▁select ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁nine ▁players . ▁ ▁Exp ansion ▁D raft ▁Results ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁W PS ▁draft s ▁▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁W PS ▁season ▁▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Exp ansion ▁D raft <0x0A> </s> ▁Thomas ▁Cu ong ▁Hu yn h ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 3 ) ▁is ▁an ▁author , ▁transl ator , ▁and ▁scholar ▁of ▁the ▁Chinese ▁classic ▁Sun ▁T zu ' s ▁The ▁Art ▁of ▁War . ▁He ▁lives ▁in ▁Atlanta , ▁Georgia ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁Life ▁and ▁work ▁Thomas ▁Cu ong ▁Hu yn h ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Sa ig on , ▁Vietnam , ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 3 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁Hu yn h ▁founded ▁Son sh i , ▁an ▁educational ▁resource ▁for ▁Sun ▁T zu ' s ▁The ▁Art ▁of ▁War . ▁He ▁wrote ▁The ▁Art ▁of ▁War : ▁Spirit ual ity ▁for ▁Conf lict , ▁a ▁translation ▁and ▁verse - by - verse ▁an notation ▁co auth ored ▁with ▁Marc ▁Ben io ff ▁and ▁Thomas ▁Cle ary , ▁published ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁Hu yn
h ▁received ▁his ▁master ' s ▁of ▁business ▁degree ▁from ▁V ander b ilt ▁University , ▁and ▁teaches ▁Sun ▁T zu ' s ▁principles ▁in ▁business . ▁At ▁Google ▁he ▁presented ▁concepts ▁on ▁how ▁to ▁succeed ▁in ▁competition . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Bloom berg ▁Business Week ▁selected ▁him ▁as ▁among ▁the ▁most ▁engaged ▁contributors ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁Hu yn h ▁started ▁Cu ong ▁in ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁Asian - American ▁issues . ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁Trans lation ▁and ▁an notation ▁by ▁Thomas ▁Hu yn h ▁( 2 0 0 8 ). ▁The ▁Art ▁of ▁War : ▁Spirit ual ity ▁for ▁Conf lict . ▁Sk yl ight ▁Path s ▁Publishing . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Ch inese – English ▁transl ators ▁Category : V ander b ilt ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : 1 9 7 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Writ ers ▁from ▁Atlanta ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Viet names e ▁descent ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Ho ▁Chi ▁Min h ▁City ▁Category : American ▁writers ▁of ▁Viet names e ▁descent ▁Category : American ▁people ▁of ▁Chinese ▁descent ▁Category : V iet names e ▁refugees ▁Category : V iet names e ▁em igr ants ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Son sh i ▁- ▁Official ▁website ▁ ▁Cu ong ▁- ▁Personal ▁website <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Council ▁of ▁National ▁Defense ▁() ▁was ▁an ▁extraordinary ▁temporary ▁government al ▁body ▁created ▁by ▁a ▁dec ree
▁of ▁the ▁Se j m ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁Polish ▁Republic , ▁of ▁ 1 ▁July ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁ ▁Poland ▁was ▁then ▁facing ▁defeat ▁by ▁Bol she vik ▁Red ▁Arm ies ▁that ▁were ▁approaching ▁Wars aw . ▁The ▁Council ▁was ▁a ▁body ▁that ▁was ▁intended ▁to ▁make ▁decisions ▁more ▁exped it iously ▁than ▁the ▁Se j m . ▁It ▁was ▁fully ▁authorized ▁to ▁take ▁decisions ▁regarding ▁the ▁conduct ▁and ▁conclusion ▁of ▁the ▁war . ▁ ▁The ▁Council ▁compr ised : ▁N ac zel nik ▁Pa ńst wa ▁( Ch ief ▁of ▁State ) ▁J óz ef ▁Pi ł s ud ski , ▁the ▁Council ' s ▁chair ; ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁Win cent y ▁W itos , ▁deputy ▁chair ; ▁The ▁Marshal ▁of ▁the ▁Se j m ; ▁Ten ▁Se j m ▁deput ies , ▁representing ▁the ▁main ▁political ▁parties ; ▁Three ▁minister s ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁Council ▁of ▁Minister s ; ▁Three ▁representatives ▁of ▁the ▁military , ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁Chief ▁of ▁State . ▁They ▁varied , ▁depending ▁on ▁the ▁specific ▁military ▁matters ▁under ▁consideration . ▁ ▁The ▁Chief ▁of ▁State ▁was ▁empower ed ▁to ▁call ▁Council ▁meetings , ▁chair ▁them ▁and ▁set ▁the ▁agenda . ▁ ▁The ▁Council ▁enjoyed ▁very ▁broad ▁powers , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁be ▁able ▁to ▁exercise ▁far - re aching ▁aut onomy ▁and ▁reduce ▁bureau cr atic ▁obst acles . ▁Its ▁decisions ▁were ▁to ▁be ▁implemented ▁at ▁once . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Poland ▁Category :
G overn ment ▁of ▁Poland ▁Category : Pol it ical ▁history ▁of ▁Poland <0x0A> </s> ▁C AP R i M ▁l td , ▁Corpor ate ▁As set ▁Protection ▁and ▁R isk ▁Management , ▁was ▁an ▁intelligence ▁service ▁used ▁by ▁corporations . ▁ ▁Background ▁ ▁C AP R i M ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁as ▁a ▁success or ▁to ▁the ▁Economic ▁League , ▁which ▁had ▁held ▁the ▁construction ▁industry ' s ▁black list ▁but ▁which ▁had ▁been ▁wound ▁up ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁after ▁a ▁parliament ary ▁en quiry ▁and ▁bad ▁press . ▁It ▁provided ▁continued ▁employment ▁for ▁two ▁former ▁League ▁directors , ▁Jack ▁W inder ▁and ▁Stan ▁Hard y . ▁Construction ▁company ▁Sir ▁Robert ▁Mc Al p ine ▁Ltd ▁invested ▁£ 1 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁founding ▁C AP R i M , ▁on ▁the ▁understanding ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁not ▁inter f ere ▁with ▁The ▁Consult ing ▁Association . ▁ ▁Target s ▁ ▁In ▁evidence ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁Scottish ▁Parliament ary ▁Affairs ▁Committee ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁its ▁in quiry ▁into ▁black list ing ▁on ▁ 5 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁former ▁C AP R i M ▁director ▁Jack ▁W inder ▁said ▁that ▁it ▁held ▁information ▁and ▁knowledge ▁on ▁campaign ing ▁groups ▁and ▁" far - left " ▁political ▁parties ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁threat ▁to ▁businesses , ▁including : ▁ ▁Green pe ace ▁ ▁Re claim ▁the ▁Stre ets ▁ ▁Eth ical ▁consumer ism ▁ ▁Campaign ▁Against ▁the ▁Ar ms ▁Trade ▁
▁Animal ▁rights ▁ ▁Anti - GM ▁activ ists ▁ ▁C AP R i M ▁warned ▁firms ▁of ▁those ▁it ▁believed ▁could ▁" we aken ▁a ▁company ' s ▁ability ▁to ▁manage ▁its ▁affairs ▁profit ably ". ▁Its ▁monitor ▁said : ▁" Com pan ies ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁warned ▁what ▁these ▁organisations ▁are ▁saying ▁and ▁planning . ▁Cap rim ▁provides ▁this ▁information . ▁And ▁assess es ▁the ▁strength ▁of ▁the ▁threat . ▁And ▁adv ises ▁on ▁appropriate ▁action ." ▁ ▁Direct ors ▁ ▁Jack ▁W inder ▁claimed ▁that ▁the ▁joint ▁managing ▁directors ▁were ▁himself ▁and ▁Stan ▁Hard y ; ▁while ▁its ▁non - execut ive ▁directors ▁were ▁Sir ▁Henry ▁Sax on ▁T ate ▁C BE ▁( of ▁T ate ▁& ▁L yle ) ▁and ▁Bernard ▁Norman ▁Se ft on - For bes . ▁Hard y ▁had ▁previously ▁been ▁director - general ▁of ▁the ▁Economic ▁League , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁director ▁of ▁C AP R i M ▁until ▁at ▁least ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Const ruction ▁and ▁civil ▁engineering ▁companies ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : Cons ult ing ▁firms ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁Category : In form al ▁legal ▁termin ology ▁Category : L ab our ▁relations ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Category : Def unct ▁companies ▁of ▁Scotland ▁Category : 1 9 9 3 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom <0x0A> </s> ▁Bar ret os ▁Es porte ▁Cl ube , ▁commonly ▁known ▁as ▁Bar ret os , ▁is ▁a ▁Brazil ian ▁football ▁club
▁based ▁in ▁Bar ret os , ▁São ▁Paulo ▁state . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁club ▁was ▁founded ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁They ▁finished ▁in ▁the ▁second ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁Campeonato ▁Paul ista ▁Seg unda ▁Div is ão , ▁losing ▁the ▁competition ▁to ▁O este . ▁ ▁Stadium ▁Bar ret os ▁Es porte ▁Cl ube ▁play ▁their ▁home ▁games ▁at ▁Est ád io ▁Ant ô nio ▁G omes ▁Mart ins , ▁nick named ▁Est ád io ▁Fort ale za . ▁The ▁stadium ▁has ▁a ▁maximum ▁capacity ▁of ▁ 1 4 , 0 0 0 ▁people . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁clubs ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁Category : 1 9 6 0 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Brazil ▁Category : Bar ret os <0x0A> </s> ▁Be aver dam ▁Run ' ▁is ▁a ▁short ▁c reek ▁dr aining ▁the ▁east ▁sl opes ▁of ▁the ▁Mah oning ▁Hills , ▁and ▁a ▁right ▁bank ▁t ribut ary ▁of ▁the ▁Le high ▁River . ▁The ▁c reek ' s ▁banks ▁are ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁most ▁likely ▁val le ys ▁that ▁pack ▁animals ▁travers ed ▁to ▁reach ▁boats ▁on ▁the ▁river ▁so ▁the ▁Anth rac ite ▁from ▁the ▁earliest ▁coal ▁mining ▁activity ▁in ▁Car bon ▁County , ▁Pennsylvania ▁was ▁trans ship ped ▁onto ▁boats ▁on ▁the ▁river . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Le high ▁River <0x0A> </s> ▁Pal ais ▁Au ers per g , ▁originally ▁called ▁Pal ais ▁Rosen k aval ier , ▁is
▁a ▁ ▁Bar o que ▁palace ▁at ▁Au ers per g straße ▁ 1 ▁in ▁the ▁Josef stadt ▁or ▁e ighth ▁district ▁of ▁Vienna , ▁Austria . ▁ ▁History ▁Pal ais ▁Au ers per g ▁was ▁built ▁between ▁ 1 7 0 6 ▁and ▁ 1 7 1 0 ▁on ▁the ▁plot ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁Rot ten hof ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁plans ▁of ▁two ▁well - known ▁architect s , ▁Johann ▁Bern hard ▁F ischer ▁von ▁Er l ach ▁and ▁Johann ▁L uk as ▁von ▁H ilde brand t , ▁for ▁Hier onym us ▁Cape ce ▁de ▁Ro fr ano , ▁to ▁whom ▁the ▁former ▁name ▁Rosen k aval ier ▁refers . ▁The ▁middle ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁palace ▁was ▁altered ▁between ▁ 1 7 2 0 ▁and ▁ 1 7 2 3 ▁by ▁Johann ▁Christian ▁Ne up auer . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 4 9 , ▁Prince ▁Joseph ▁of ▁Sax e - H ild burgh aus en ▁started ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁palace ▁as ▁his ▁winter ▁residence . ▁He ▁hired ▁Gi useppe ▁Bon no ▁as ▁musical ▁condu ctor ▁of ▁the ▁palace . ▁Between ▁ 1 7 5 4 ▁and ▁ 1 7 6 1 , ▁weekly ▁music ▁courses ▁were ▁held ▁during ▁the ▁winter ▁months . ▁From ▁ 1 7 5 9 , ▁he ▁rent ed ▁the ▁palace ▁and ▁hired ▁Christ oph ▁Will ib ald ▁Gl uck ▁as ▁head ▁condu ctor ▁of ▁the ▁conc erts ▁held ▁there . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 7 7 7 , ▁Prince ▁Johann ▁Adam ▁of ▁Au ers per g
, ▁friend ▁and ▁conf id ant ▁of ▁Emperor ▁Francis ▁I ▁and ▁Maria ▁Th eres ia , ▁bought ▁the ▁palace , ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁still ▁called ▁Pal ais ▁Ro fr ano . ▁From ▁ 1 7 8 6 , ▁the ▁palace ▁was ▁renamed ▁Pal ais ▁Au ers per g ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁setting ▁for ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁important ▁and ▁well - known ▁musical ▁events , ▁notably ▁I dom ene o ▁by ▁Wol fg ang ▁Am ade us ▁Moz art ▁( who ▁also ▁conducted ), ▁and ▁Sie ben ▁W orte ▁des ▁Er l ös ers ▁am ▁Kre u ze ▁by ▁Joseph ▁Hay dn . ▁ ▁As ▁Johann ▁Adam ▁of ▁Au ers per g ' s ▁second ▁marriage ▁stayed ▁child less ▁and ▁the ▁children ▁of ▁his ▁first ▁marriage ▁had ▁already ▁died , ▁he ▁adopted ▁his ▁nep hew ▁Carl ▁Au ers per g ▁( 1 7 5 0 – 1 8 2 2 ). ▁Carl ▁accepted ▁his ▁inherit ance ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 5 . ▁The ▁marriage ▁of ▁Carl ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Jose pha ▁also ▁remained ▁child less , ▁so ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 2 , ▁they ▁adopted ▁Prince ▁V inz ens ▁Au ers per g , ▁who ▁accepted ▁his ▁inherit ance ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 7 . ▁In ▁the ▁time ▁between ▁ 1 8 2 7 ▁and ▁ 1 8 3 7 , ▁Gust av , ▁Prince ▁of ▁V asa ▁stayed ▁at ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Au ers per g ▁with ▁the ▁Swedish ▁Royal ▁Family ▁because ▁his ▁inherit ance ▁had ▁been ▁cont ested ▁in
▁Sweden . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 8 6 4 , ▁on ▁the ▁orders ▁of ▁V inz ens ▁Au ers per g , ▁a ▁ball room ▁building ▁was ▁built ▁along ▁the ▁L er chen fel der str asse . ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 2 , ▁his ▁wid ow ▁Wilhelm ine ▁commissioned ▁further ▁alter ations ▁to ▁the ▁ball room ▁building ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁rent ▁the ▁facilities ▁to ▁the ▁Ge ometric ▁Institute . ▁In ▁ 1 8 7 8 , ▁Franz ▁Joseph ▁E manuel ▁( 1 8 5 6 – 1 9 3 8 ), ▁son ▁of ▁Wilhelm ine ▁Au ers per g , ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁Wilhelm ine ▁K insky ▁took ▁possession ▁of ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Au ers per g . ▁Wilhelm ine ▁K insky ▁organized ▁many ▁charity ▁events ▁for ▁the ▁benefit ▁of ▁the ▁organization ▁called ▁Verein igung ▁zur ▁Er rett ung ▁verw ah rl oster ▁Kinder . ▁P ie ces ▁of ▁theatre ▁and ▁music ▁were ▁performed ▁in ▁the ▁Rosen k aval iers aal , ▁partially ▁with ▁the ▁participation ▁of ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁arist ocr acy . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 0 1 , ▁Franz ▁Joseph ▁Au ers per g ▁returned ▁the ▁ball room ▁building ▁to ▁its ▁initial ▁use . ▁During ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War , ▁the ▁ball room ▁building ▁was ▁completely ▁destroyed ▁and ▁the ▁remains ▁were ▁removed . ▁Between ▁ 1 9 2 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Au ers per g ▁was ▁temporarily ▁rent ed ▁to ▁the ▁Bundes
den km al amt ▁and ▁a ▁film ▁company . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 0 , ▁Ferd inand ▁Au ers per g ▁( 1 8 8 7 – 1 9 4 2 ) ▁inherited ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁his ▁sister ▁Christian e ▁C roy ▁accepted ▁her ▁inherit ance . ▁She ▁lived ▁with ▁her ▁family ▁in ▁the ▁upper ▁rooms ▁of ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁during ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War . ▁They ▁also ▁hid ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁resistance ▁there ▁during ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War , ▁and ▁there ▁is ▁a ▁sign ▁near ▁the ▁entrance ▁of ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁which ▁comm emor ates ▁this . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁the ▁organization ▁Pro visor ische ▁ö sterreich ische ▁Nation alk om ite e , ▁better ▁known ▁as ▁O 5 , ▁was ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁Pal ais . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁was ▁seized ▁by ▁the ▁All i ierte ▁Kom mand ant ur , ▁the ▁police ▁force ▁of ▁the ▁All ied ▁Control ▁Council , ▁and ▁was ▁subsequently ▁used ▁as ▁their ▁headquarters . ▁ ▁K ons ul ▁Alfred ▁We iss , ▁founder ▁of ▁Arabia ▁K aff ee , ▁bought ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 3 ▁and ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁it ▁was ▁extended ▁by ▁the ▁architect ▁O sw ald ▁Ha erd tl , ▁who ▁added ▁the ▁or ang ery , ▁the ▁winter ▁garden ▁and ▁more ▁functional ▁rooms . ▁Alfred ▁We iss ▁opened
▁a ▁large ▁café ▁for ▁ 6 0 0 ▁guests ▁in ▁the ▁Pal ais , ▁with ▁a ▁terr ace ▁next ▁to ▁it . ▁After ▁his ▁death , ▁his ▁descend ants ▁sold ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁to ▁a ▁company ▁called ▁General ▁Part ners ▁A . G . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁was ▁sold ▁again ▁to ▁an ▁old ▁European ▁family . ▁The ▁State ▁Apart ments ▁remained ▁the ▁same ▁and ▁are ▁still ▁used ▁for ▁musical ▁purposes . ▁In ▁the ▁upper ▁floor , ▁most ▁areas ▁have ▁been ▁changed ▁into ▁office ▁rooms . ▁In ▁the ▁next ▁few ▁years , ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁will ▁be ▁restored ▁and ▁a ▁small ▁museum ▁is ▁planned . ▁Currently , ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁is ▁used ▁for ▁balls ▁and ▁musical ▁events ▁of ▁various ▁kinds ; ▁it ▁has ▁eleven ▁rooms ▁and ▁can ▁accommodate ▁up ▁to ▁ 1 0 0 0 ▁guests . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Bar o que ▁resid ences ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁Notes ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁Art ur ▁Hart z lie b - Wall th or ▁( ed . ): ▁Ein ▁Wi ener ▁Pal ais ▁er z ählt ▁/ ▁Das ▁Rosen k aval ier pal ais ▁Au ers per g . ▁B ö hl au , ▁Wien / K ö ln / We im ar ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁Felix ▁C ze ike : ▁Geschichte ▁der ▁Stadt ▁Wien . ▁F ritz ▁M old en , ▁Wien ▁ 1 9 8 1 ▁ ▁Johann ▁Adam ▁Hill er : ▁Lebens b esch reib
ungen ▁ber üh m ter ▁Musik ge le hr ten ▁und ▁Ton k ünst ler ▁ne uer er ▁Zeit . ▁Leip zig ▁ 1 7 8 4 , ▁re print ed ▁Leip zig ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁website ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Interior ▁of ▁the ▁Pal ais ▁Information ▁at ▁Music of v ien na . com ▁ ▁Information ▁at ▁Bur gen - a ust ria . com ▁( in ▁German ) ▁ ▁Au ers per g ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Josef stadt ▁Au ers per g ▁Au ers per g <0x0A> </s> ▁S ang ach in ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁S ang ā ch ī n ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁S ang ar ▁Ch ī n , ▁S ang arch ī n , ▁and ▁S ank ā ch ī n ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Ch ah ar ▁Far ize h ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁Band ar - e ▁An z ali ▁County , ▁Gil an ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 2 , 4 2 1 , ▁in ▁ 7 0 8 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Band ar - e ▁An z ali ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁__ NOT OC __ ▁ ▁The ▁AS J A ▁L 2 ▁was ▁a ▁Swedish ▁bi plane ▁trainer ▁aircraft ▁built ▁for ▁the ▁Swedish ▁Air ▁Force ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1
9 3 0 s . ▁It ▁was ▁designated ▁Ö ▁ 9 ▁in ▁that ▁service . ▁The ▁fus el age ▁was ▁of ▁fabric - covered , ▁wel ded ▁steel ▁tube ▁construction ▁and ▁accommod ated ▁the ▁pilot ▁and ▁instructor ▁in ▁tand em ▁open ▁cock p its . ▁The ▁wings ▁were ▁fabric - covered ▁wood ▁and ▁were ▁of ▁stagger ed , ▁single ▁bay ▁layout . ▁ ▁Only ▁two ▁examples ▁were ▁built , ▁one ▁with ▁wheels ▁and ▁the ▁other ▁with ▁flo ats . ▁The ▁land plane ▁served ▁until ▁written ▁off ▁in ▁a ▁crash ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 7 ▁and ▁the ▁float plane ▁until ▁made ▁ob solete ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 0 . ▁ ▁Oper ators ▁ ▁Swedish ▁Air ▁Force ▁ ▁Un its ▁using ▁this ▁aircraft ▁ ▁Wing ▁F ▁ 1 ▁at ▁V ä ster å s ▁ ▁Wing ▁F ▁ 2 ▁at ▁H äger n äs ▁ ▁Spec ifications ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁ ▁Military ▁A vi ation ▁in ▁Sweden ▁( we bsite ) ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 0 s ▁Swedish ▁military ▁trainer ▁aircraft ▁Category : Single - eng ined ▁tr actor ▁aircraft ▁L 2 ▁Category : Bi pl anes <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁the ology ▁of ▁Script ure ▁in ▁the ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁church ▁has ▁evolved ▁much ▁since ▁the ▁Second ▁V atic an ▁Council ▁of ▁Catholic ▁B ish ops ▁(" V atic an ▁II ", ▁ 1 9 6 2 - 1 9 6 5 ). ▁This ▁article ▁explains ▁the ▁the ology ▁( or ▁understanding ) ▁of ▁Script ure ▁that ▁has ▁come ▁to ▁dom inate
▁in ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁today . ▁It ▁focuses ▁on ▁the ▁Church ’ s ▁response ▁to ▁various ▁areas ▁of ▁study ▁into ▁the ▁original ▁meaning ▁of ▁texts . ▁ ▁Wat ers hed ▁Council ▁V atic an ▁II ' s ▁De i ▁Ver bum ▁( D og matic ▁Constitution ▁on ▁Div ine ▁R evel ation ), ▁prom ul g ated ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁opened ▁the ▁door ▁to ▁acceptance ▁within ▁the ▁Church ▁for ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁schol arly ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁He brew ▁and ▁Christian ▁script ures ▁that ▁had ▁taken ▁place ▁since ▁the ▁ 1 9 th ▁century . ▁Develop ments ▁within ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁can ▁be ▁tr aced ▁through ▁documents ▁of ▁the ▁Pont if ical ▁B iblical ▁Commission , ▁which ▁overse es ▁script ural ▁interpretation ▁as ▁it ▁pert ains ▁to ▁Catholic ▁teaching . ▁Until ▁V atic an ▁II ▁the ▁decre es ▁of ▁this ▁commission ▁reflected ▁the ▁Coun ter - Re formation ▁effort ▁to ▁preserve ▁the ▁tradition ▁un changed , ▁l est ▁errors ▁ar ising ▁during ▁the ▁Protest ant ▁Re formation ▁enter ▁into ▁Catholic ▁belief . ▁Con sequ ent ▁on ▁V atic an ▁II , ▁the ▁Coun ter - Re formation ▁ment ality ▁in ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ▁dimin ished ▁and ▁the ▁ec umen ical ▁spirit ▁of ▁open ness ▁to ▁what ▁is ▁good ▁in ▁modern ▁studies ▁was ▁embr aced . ▁The ▁Council ▁F athers ▁re iter ated ▁what ▁was ▁dog matic ▁in ▁the ▁previous ▁teaching ▁of ▁the ▁Church , ▁" that ▁the ▁books ▁of ▁Script ure ▁must ▁be ▁acknowledged ▁as ▁teaching ▁solid ly ,
▁faith fully ▁and ▁without ▁error ▁that ▁truth ▁which ▁God ▁wanted ▁put ▁into ▁sacred ▁writ ings ▁ ▁for ▁the ▁sake ▁of ▁salv ation ." ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁substance ▁of ▁what ▁church ▁dog ma ▁( inf all ible ▁teaching ) ▁says . ▁The ▁Council ▁document ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁show ▁an ▁open ness ▁to ▁development ▁of ▁doctrine ▁( te aching ), ▁since ▁histor ically ▁growth ▁in ▁understanding ▁has ▁led ▁to ▁more ▁developed ▁the ologies ▁– ▁in ▁this ▁case ▁of ▁script ural ▁interpretation ▁within ▁the ▁Church . ▁The ▁Council ▁F athers ▁continued : ▁ ▁However , ▁since ▁God ▁speaks ▁in ▁Sac red ▁Script ure ▁through ▁men ▁in ▁human ▁fashion , ▁ ▁the ▁inter preter ▁of ▁Sac red ▁Script ure , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁see ▁clearly ▁what ▁God ▁wanted ▁to ▁communicate ▁to ▁us , ▁should ▁carefully ▁investigate ▁what ▁meaning ▁the ▁sacred ▁writers ▁really ▁intended , ▁and ▁what ▁God ▁wanted ▁to ▁manifest ▁by ▁means ▁of ▁their ▁words . ▁To ▁search ▁out ▁the ▁intention ▁of ▁the ▁sacred ▁writers , ▁attention ▁should ▁be ▁given , ▁among ▁other ▁things , ▁to ▁" liter ary ▁forms " ▁... ▁in ▁accordance ▁with ▁the ▁situation ▁of ▁his ▁own ▁time ▁and ▁culture . ▁For ▁the ▁correct ▁understanding ▁of ▁what ▁the ▁sacred ▁author ▁wanted ▁to ▁assert , ▁due ▁attention ▁must ▁be ▁paid ▁to ▁the ▁custom ary ▁and ▁characteristic ▁styles ▁of ▁feeling , ▁speaking ▁and ▁narr ating ▁which ▁prev ailed ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁of ▁the ▁sacred ▁writer , ▁and ▁to ▁the ▁patterns ▁men ▁normally ▁employed ▁at ▁that ▁period ▁in ▁their ▁everyday ▁deal ings ▁with ▁one ▁another . ▁But
, ▁since ▁Holy ▁Script ure ▁must ▁be ▁read ▁and ▁interpreted ▁in ▁the ▁sacred ▁spirit ▁in ▁which ▁it ▁was ▁ ▁written , ▁no ▁less ▁serious ▁attention ▁must ▁be ▁given ▁to ▁the ▁content ▁and ▁unity ▁of ▁the ▁whole ▁of ▁Script ure ▁if ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁the ▁sacred ▁texts ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁correctly ▁worked ▁out . ▁The ▁living ▁tradition ▁of ▁ ▁the ▁whole ▁Church ▁must ▁be ▁taken ▁into ▁account ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁harmony ▁which ▁exists ▁between ▁elements ▁of ▁the ▁faith . ▁It ▁is ▁the ▁task ▁of ▁ex e get es ▁to ▁work ▁according ▁to ▁these ▁rules ▁toward ▁a ▁better ▁understanding ▁and ▁explanation ▁of ▁the ▁meaning ▁of ▁Sac red ▁Script ure , ▁so ▁that ▁through ▁prepar atory ▁study ▁the ▁judgment ▁of ▁the ▁Church ▁may ▁mature . ▁ ▁In ▁these ▁words ▁and ▁in ▁the ▁en su ing ▁decre es ▁of ▁the ▁B iblical ▁commission , ▁the ▁context ual ▁interpretation ▁of ▁script ure ▁was ▁end ors ed , ▁as ▁distinguished ▁from ▁the ▁fundamental ist ▁approach ▁which ▁would ▁hold ▁to ▁the ▁ver bal ▁accuracy ▁of ▁every ▁verse ▁of ▁script ure . ▁Cath ol ics , ▁however , ▁remain ▁free ▁to ▁interpret ▁Script ure ▁in ▁any ▁way ▁that ▁does ▁not ▁contrad ict ▁Catholic ▁dog ma . ▁ ▁Are as ▁of ▁script ural ▁research ▁ ▁At ▁least ▁since ▁V atic an ▁II , ▁Catholic ▁the ology ▁has ▁been ▁understood ▁as ▁the ▁search ▁for ▁fruit ful ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁Church ' s ▁dog ma , ▁doctrine , ▁and ▁practice . ▁While ▁dog ma , ▁the ▁most ▁basic ▁beliefs , ▁does ▁not ▁change ,
▁Church ▁doctrine ▁includes ▁the ▁many ▁other ▁beliefs ▁that ▁may ▁reflect ▁a ▁single ▁interpretation ▁of ▁dog ma , ▁of ▁Script ure , ▁or ▁of ▁the ▁Church ' s ▁tradition ▁and ▁practice . ▁An ▁example ▁would ▁be ▁the ▁dog ma ▁that ▁" J es us ▁died ▁for ▁our ▁s ins ." ▁The ▁many ▁ways ▁in ▁which ▁his ▁death ▁on ▁the ▁cross ▁impacts ▁us ▁– ▁or ▁in ▁which ▁it ▁may ▁be ▁called ▁a ▁" s ac rifice " ▁– ▁have ▁filled ▁re ams ▁in ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ology . ▁An ▁up - to - date ▁the ology ▁of ▁the ▁question ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁various ▁places , ▁in ▁substantial ▁agreement . ▁How ▁this ▁process ▁works , ▁through ▁the ▁" stud y ▁of ▁belie vers ", ▁was ▁given ▁at ▁V atic an ▁II : ▁ ▁The ▁Trad ition ▁which ▁comes ▁from ▁the ▁A post les ▁th riv es ▁under ▁the ▁assistance ▁of ▁the ▁Holy ▁Ghost ▁in ▁the ▁Church : ▁the ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁things ▁and ▁words ▁handed ▁down ▁grows , ▁through ▁the ▁contempl ation ▁and ▁study ▁of ▁belie vers , ▁who ▁compare ▁these ▁things ▁in ▁their ▁heart ▁( cf . ▁L k ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 5 1 ), ▁and ▁through ▁their ▁interior ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁spiritual ▁real ities ▁which ▁they ▁experience . ▁The ▁Church , ▁we ▁may ▁say , ▁as ▁the ▁ages ▁pass , ▁tends ▁continually ▁towards ▁the ▁full ness ▁of ▁divine ▁truth , ▁till ▁the ▁words ▁of ▁God ▁are ▁consum m ated ▁in ▁her . ▁▁ ▁While ▁b iblical ▁criticism
▁began ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century ▁among ▁those ▁who ▁saw ▁the ▁Script ures ▁as ▁of ▁human ▁rather ▁than ▁divine ▁origin , ▁it ▁has ▁divided ▁into ▁areas ▁of ▁research ▁all ▁of ▁which ▁have ▁proved ▁fruit ful ▁for ▁Catholic ▁script ure ▁scholars . ▁These ▁include ▁" crit ic isms " ▁and ▁approaches ▁described ▁as : ▁text ual , ▁source , ▁form , ▁re da ction , ▁rhet or ical , ▁narrative , ▁semi otic , ▁canonical , ▁soc io - sc ient ific , ▁psychological , ▁femin ist , ▁liber ation ist , ▁and ▁Jewish , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁underlying ▁principles ▁of ▁Catholic ▁her m ene ut ics . ▁Catholic ▁scholars ▁have ▁also ▁entered ▁seriously ▁into ▁the ▁quest ▁for ▁the ▁historical ▁Jesus , ▁but ▁with ▁a ▁respect ▁for ▁oral ▁and ▁written ▁traditions ▁that ▁distingu ishes ▁them ▁from ▁some ▁who ▁have ▁purs ued ▁this ▁topic . ▁ ▁Author itative ▁critique ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁the ▁Catholic ▁Church ’ s ▁Pont if ical ▁B iblical ▁Commission ▁produced ▁" The ▁Inter pret ation ▁of ▁the ▁Bible ▁in ▁the ▁Church " ▁with ▁the ▁endorse ment ▁of ▁Card inal ▁Joseph ▁R atz inger , ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Cong regation ▁for ▁the ▁Do ctrine ▁of ▁the ▁Faith . ▁While ▁express ing ▁an ▁open ness ▁to ▁all ▁forms ▁of ▁B iblical ▁criticism , ▁the ▁Commission ▁expressed ▁cave ats ▁for ▁Cath ol ics ▁in ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁these ▁methods , ▁so ▁that ▁Script ural ▁interpretation ▁might ▁be ▁" as ▁faithful ▁as ▁possible ▁to ▁its ▁character ▁both ▁human ▁and
▁divine ." ▁More ▁specific ▁observations ▁of ▁the ▁Commission ▁included ▁the ▁following ▁points . ▁ ▁Study ▁of ▁the ▁text ▁across ▁time ▁( hist or ical - crit ical ▁or ▁di ach ronic ▁method ), ▁including ▁source ▁and ▁form ▁criticism , ▁while ▁" ind isp ens able " ▁for ▁proper ▁understanding ▁of ▁texts , ▁is ▁limited ▁in ▁that ▁it ▁views ▁texts ▁at ▁only ▁one ▁point ▁in ▁their ▁transmission ▁and ▁can ▁di vert ▁attention ▁from ▁the ▁rich ness ▁that ▁the ▁final ▁form ▁of ▁the ▁text ▁has ▁for ▁the ▁Church . ▁But ▁when ▁supplement ed ▁by ▁re da ction ▁criticism , ▁the ▁earlier ▁stages ▁are ▁valuable ▁in ▁showing ▁the ▁dynam ism ▁that ▁produced ▁texts ▁and ▁the ▁complexity ▁of ▁the ▁process . ▁For ▁one ▁example , ▁by ▁giving ▁the ▁S itz ▁im ▁Leben ▁of ▁the ▁c oven ant ▁code ▁in ▁Ex od us ▁ 2 1 - 2 3 , ▁form ▁criticism ▁rend ers ▁intellig ible ▁its ▁differences ▁from ▁other ▁law ▁codes ▁preserved ▁in ▁De uter onomy . ▁ ▁N arr ative ▁analysis ▁is ▁to ▁be ▁comm ended ▁for ▁its ▁appeal ▁addressed ▁to ▁the ▁reader , ▁for ▁bringing ▁out ▁the ▁story ▁and ▁witness ▁character ▁of ▁Script ure ▁for ▁past oral ▁and ▁practical ▁use . ▁It ▁must ▁remain ▁open ▁to ▁do ctr inal ▁elabor ation ▁on ▁its ▁content , ▁but ▁by ▁including ▁the ▁inform ative ▁and ▁perform ative ▁aspects ▁– ▁the ▁story , ▁of ▁salv ation ▁– ▁it ▁avoid s ▁" the ▁reduction ▁of ▁the ▁inspired ▁text ▁to ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁the ological ▁the ses , ▁often ▁form ulated
▁in ▁non - script ural ▁categories ▁and ▁language ." ▁ ▁Sem iot ics , ▁a ▁general ▁philosoph ical ▁theory ▁of ▁signs ▁and ▁symbols , ▁must ▁be ▁w ary ▁of ▁structural ist ▁philosophy ▁with ▁its ▁" ref usal ▁to ▁accept ▁individual ▁personal ▁identity ▁within ▁the ▁text ▁and ▁extr ate xt ual ▁reference ▁beyond ▁it ." ▁The ▁historical ▁context ▁and ▁human ▁authors ▁are ▁important . ▁F ormal ▁study ▁of ▁the ▁content ▁of ▁texts ▁cannot ▁excuse ▁us ▁from ▁arriving ▁at ▁its ▁message . ▁ ▁The ▁canonical ▁approach ▁which ▁emphas izes ▁the ▁final ▁form ▁of ▁texts ▁and ▁their ▁unity ▁as ▁the ▁norm ▁of ▁faith , ▁needs ▁to ▁respect ▁the ▁various ▁stages ▁of ▁salv ation ▁history ▁and ▁the ▁meaning ▁proper ▁to ▁the ▁He brew ▁script ure , ▁to ▁grasp ▁the ▁New ▁Testament ' s ▁roots ▁in ▁history . ▁ ▁Jewish ▁traditions ▁of ▁interpretation ▁are ▁essential ▁to ▁the ▁understanding ▁of ▁Christian ▁script ures . ▁But ▁differences ▁must ▁be ▁respected : ▁while ▁the ▁Jewish ▁community ▁and ▁way ▁of ▁life ▁depend ▁on ▁written ▁revel ation ▁and ▁oral ▁tradition , ▁Christianity ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁faith ▁in ▁Jesus ▁Christ ▁and ▁in ▁his ▁resur rection . ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁influence ▁of ▁the ▁text ▁studies ▁how ▁people , ▁inspired ▁by ▁Script ure , ▁are ▁able ▁to ▁create ▁further ▁works , ▁as ▁is ▁seen ▁in ▁creative ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁Song ▁of ▁Songs . ▁Care ▁must ▁be ▁taken ▁that ▁a ▁time - bound ▁interpretation ▁not ▁become ▁the ▁norm ▁for ▁all ▁time . ▁ ▁Soc io - sc ient ific ▁criticism ▁includes ▁soci ology , ▁which ▁focuses
▁mainly ▁on ▁the ▁economic ▁and ▁institutional ▁aspects ▁of ▁ancient ▁society , ▁and ▁cultural ▁anth rop ology ▁which ▁focuses ▁on ▁the ▁customs ▁and ▁practices ▁of ▁a ▁particular ▁people . ▁Both ▁study ▁the ▁world ▁behind ▁the ▁text ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁world ▁in ▁the ▁text . ▁Our ▁knowledge ▁of ▁ancient ▁society ▁is ▁far ▁from ▁complete ▁and ▁it ▁le ans ▁toward ▁the ▁economic ▁and ▁institutional ▁rather ▁than ▁the ▁personal ▁and ▁religious . ▁While ▁these ▁discipl ines ▁are ▁" ind isp ens able ▁for ▁historical ▁criticism ", ▁of ▁themselves ▁they ▁cannot ▁determine ▁the ▁content ▁of ▁revel ation . ▁ ▁The ▁psychological ▁approach ▁clar ifies ▁the ▁role ▁of ▁the ▁unconscious ▁as ▁a ▁level ▁of ▁human ▁reality ▁and ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁symbol ic ▁as ▁a ▁window ▁to ▁the ▁num in ous . ▁But ▁this ▁should ▁be ▁done ▁without ▁det r iment ▁to ▁other ▁real ities , ▁of ▁sin ▁and ▁of ▁salv ation , ▁and ▁of ▁a ▁distinction ▁between ▁spont aneous ▁relig ios ity ▁and ▁revealed ▁religion ▁– ▁the ▁historical ▁character ▁of ▁the ▁B iblical ▁revel ation , ▁its ▁uniqu eness . ▁ ▁The ▁liber ation ist ▁approach ▁draws ▁on ▁an ▁important ▁str and ▁in ▁B iblical ▁revel ation , ▁God ' s ▁accompanying ▁the ▁poor , ▁but ▁other ▁central ▁themes ▁must ▁be ▁allowed ▁to ▁interact ▁with ▁this . ▁Also , ▁if ▁too ▁one - s ided ▁it ▁can ▁lead ▁to ▁material ist ▁do ctr ines ▁and ▁an ▁earth ly ▁es chat ology . ▁ ▁Fem in ist ▁approaches ▁are ▁diverse ▁but ▁most ▁fruit ful ▁in ▁pointing ▁out ▁aspects ▁of
▁revel ation ▁which ▁men ▁have ▁not ▁been ▁quick ▁to ▁observe , ▁e . g ., ▁the ▁mother ly - father ly ▁nature ▁of ▁God ▁and ▁the ▁ways ▁in ▁which ▁early ▁Christian ▁communities ▁distinguished ▁themselves ▁from ▁Jewish ▁and ▁Gre co - R oman ▁society . ▁ ▁Herm ene ut ics ▁would ▁bridge ▁the ▁gap ▁between ▁the ▁lived ▁experience ▁of ▁the ▁early ▁church ▁and ▁our ▁own ▁lived ▁experience . ▁Beyond ▁the ▁scientific ▁interpretation ▁of ▁texts ▁it ▁seeks ▁to ▁asc ertain ▁the ▁lived ▁faith ▁of ▁the ▁community ▁and ▁its ▁mature ▁life ▁in ▁the ▁Spirit , ▁to ▁reproduce ▁again ▁today ▁a ▁con natural ity ▁with ▁the ▁truth s ▁of ▁revel ation . ▁ ▁Fund ament al ist ▁interpretation ▁dis reg ards ▁the ▁human ▁authors ▁who ▁were ▁bel ab ored ▁to ▁express ▁the ▁divine ▁revel ation . ▁It ▁often ▁places ▁its ▁faith ▁in ▁one , ▁imper fect ▁translation . ▁And ▁it ▁will s ▁away ▁any ▁development ▁between ▁the ▁words ▁of ▁Jesus ▁and ▁the ▁pre aching ▁of ▁the ▁early ▁church ▁which ▁existed ▁before ▁the ▁written ▁texts . ▁Also , ▁by ▁reading ▁certain ▁texts ▁unc rit ically , ▁prejud iced ▁attitudes , ▁such ▁as ▁racism , ▁are ▁rein forced . ▁ ▁Public ations ▁While ▁Catholic ▁period ical ▁articles ▁written ▁since ▁V atic an ▁II ▁often ▁have ▁direct ▁reference ▁to ▁Script ure , ▁two ▁Catholic ▁period icals ▁that ▁are ▁dedicated ▁entirely ▁to ▁Script ure ▁are ▁The ▁Bible ▁Today , ▁at ▁the ▁more ▁popular ▁level , ▁and ▁the ▁Catholic ▁B iblical ▁Quarter ly , ▁published ▁by ▁the ▁Catholic ▁B iblical ▁Association ▁and
▁including ▁articles ▁with ▁minute ▁B iblical ▁research . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Brown , ▁Raymond ▁E ., ▁Joseph ▁A . ▁Fitz my er , ▁and ▁Roland ▁E . ▁Murphy , ▁ed s . ▁( 1 9 9 0 ). ▁The ▁New ▁Jer ome ▁B iblical ▁Comment ary . ▁New ▁Jersey : ▁P rent ice ▁Hall . ▁. ▁See ▁especially : ▁“ New ▁Testament ▁Top ical ▁Art icles ” ▁( pp . ▁ 5 8 7 - 1 4 7 5 ) ▁including ▁“ Mod ern ▁Crit icism ” ▁and ▁“ H erm ene ut ics ” ▁( pp . ▁ 1 1 1 3 - 1 1 6 5 ). ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Hist oric ity ▁of ▁the ▁Bible <0x0A> </s> ▁All ▁S aints ▁Church ▁is ▁an ▁Ang lic an ▁church ▁in ▁the ▁ham let ▁of ▁High bro ok ▁in ▁Mid ▁Sus sex , ▁one ▁of ▁seven ▁local ▁government ▁districts ▁in ▁the ▁English ▁county ▁of ▁West ▁Sus sex . ▁ ▁The ▁tiny ▁settlement , ▁in ▁the ▁parish ▁of ▁West ▁Ho ath ly , ▁was ▁distant ▁from ▁the ▁parish ▁church ▁in ▁that ▁village ; ▁two ▁wealthy ▁sisters ▁accordingly ▁funded ▁the ▁construction ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁church ▁to ▁serve ▁the ▁local ▁population . ▁ ▁Richard ▁H . ▁Car p enter ▁and ▁Benjamin ▁In gel ow ' s ▁stone ▁building , ▁with ▁a ▁prominent ▁sp ire , ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁and ▁was ▁allocated ▁its ▁own ▁parish . ▁ ▁The ▁" h ands ome " ▁church , ▁designed ▁in ▁the ▁
1 4 th / 1 5 th - century ▁style ▁of ▁the ▁G oth ic ▁Rev ival , ▁has ▁been ▁listed ▁at ▁Grade ▁II ▁by ▁English ▁Heritage ▁for ▁its ▁architect ural ▁and ▁historical ▁importance . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁ancient ▁parish ▁of ▁West ▁Ho ath ly ▁covered ▁a ▁large ▁area ▁of ▁the ▁High ▁We ald ▁in ▁central ▁Sus sex , ▁character ised ▁by ▁clay ▁soil ▁with ▁sand stone ▁rid ges . ▁ ▁The ▁ham let ▁of ▁High bro ok ▁developed ▁on ▁an ▁isolated ▁area ▁of ▁lower ▁ground ▁( st ill ▁ ▁above ▁sea ▁level ) ▁in ▁the ▁south ▁of ▁the ▁parish , ▁about ▁ ▁south ▁of ▁West ▁Ho ath ly ▁village . ▁ ▁The ▁road ▁connecting ▁them , ▁Ham ming den ▁Lane , ▁runs ▁along ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁narrow ▁sand stone ▁out cro ps . ▁ ▁By ▁the ▁Victorian ▁era , ▁High bro ok ▁had ▁many ▁long - est ab lished ▁houses ▁and ▁farms — some ▁of ▁which ▁dated ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 6 th ▁and ▁ 1 7 th ▁centuries — ▁but ▁it ▁had ▁not ▁expanded ▁much ▁beyond ▁this ▁old ▁core : ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁recorded ▁as ▁ 1 8 6 . ▁ ▁Nevertheless , ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 , ▁two ▁wealthy ▁local ▁sisters , ▁ ▁Frances ▁Kir by ▁and ▁Caroline ▁W eg uel in , ▁decided ▁to ▁pay ▁for ▁a ▁church ▁to ▁be ▁built ▁in ▁the ▁ham let . ▁ ▁They ▁felt ▁that ▁the ▁inhabitants ▁were ▁put ▁off ▁from ▁travelling ▁the ▁long ▁distance ▁to ▁St ▁Margaret ' s ▁Church ▁at
▁West ▁Ho ath ly ▁( the ▁parish ▁church ): ▁its ▁situation ▁at ▁the ▁north ▁end ▁of ▁West ▁Ho ath ly ▁village ▁meant ▁the ▁walk ▁was ▁about ▁. ▁ ▁At ▁that ▁time , ▁Sus sex ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁middle ▁of ▁an ▁unpre ced ented ▁period ▁of ▁church - building , ▁prompt ed ▁originally ▁by ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁England ' s ▁dis qu iet ▁over ▁the ▁low ▁level ▁of ▁church ▁attendance ▁revealed ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁by ▁questions ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁Census ▁ 1 8 5 1 . ▁ ▁Between ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁and ▁ 1 8 9 0 , ▁ 2 6 9 ▁churches ▁of ▁all ▁Christian ▁denom inations ▁( most ly ▁Ang lic an ) ▁were ▁built ▁in ▁Sus sex , ▁and ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 8 8 0 s ▁was ▁the ▁peak ▁period ▁for ▁new ▁establish ments . ▁ ▁Although ▁many ▁were ▁funded ▁by ▁the ▁Church ▁of ▁England ▁( through ▁the ▁Di oc ese ▁of ▁Ch iche ster , ▁the ▁administrative ▁and ▁past oral ▁district ▁covering ▁Sus sex ), ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁principal ▁era ▁in ▁which ▁wealthy ▁benef act ors ▁founded ▁new ▁churches , ▁especially ▁in ▁rural ▁areas ▁or ▁on ▁country ▁est ates , ▁and ▁often ▁as ▁a ▁memorial ▁to ▁a ▁dece ased ▁relative ▁or ▁friend . ▁ ▁Many ▁examples ▁survive ▁in ▁Sus sex , ▁including ▁High bro ok ' s ▁new ▁and ▁exp ens ively ▁end owed ▁All ▁S aints ▁Church : ▁the ▁sisters ▁paid ▁£ 4 , 0 0 0
▁( £ ▁as ▁of ▁) ▁towards ▁its ▁construction . ▁ ▁Architect s ▁Richard ▁H . ▁Car p enter ▁and ▁Benjamin ▁In gel ow ▁were ▁commissioned ▁to ▁design ▁the ▁church . ▁ ▁Car p enter ▁worked ▁extens ively ▁in ▁Sus sex — his ▁buildings ▁included ▁the ▁chap el ▁at ▁L ancing ▁College — and ▁the ▁pair ▁had ▁formed ▁a ▁partnership ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 2 . ▁ ▁They ▁had ▁first ▁worked ▁together ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 2 ▁on ▁St ▁Andrew ' s ▁Cat hedral ▁in ▁Hon ol ulu . ▁ ▁Their ▁G oth ic ▁Rev ival ▁design ▁for ▁All ▁S aints — the ▁most ▁popular ▁style ▁for ▁Sus sex ▁churches ▁in ▁the ▁Victorian ▁era — ▁used ▁locally ▁quar ried ▁stone ▁and ▁was ▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁church ▁was ▁large , ▁especially ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁the ▁sp arse ▁local ▁population ; ▁it ▁was ▁also ▁par ished ▁from ▁the ▁beginning : ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁West ▁Ho ath ly ▁parish ▁was ▁allocated ▁to ▁it . ▁ ▁No ▁internal ▁f itt ings ▁were ▁paid ▁for ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁original ▁end ow ment . ▁ ▁A ▁set ▁of ▁st ained ▁glass ▁windows ▁were ▁installed ▁by ▁the ▁firm ▁of ▁Clay ton ▁and ▁Bell ▁between ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁and ▁ 1 8 9 2 , ▁including ▁the ▁main ▁east ▁window ▁which ▁was ▁a ▁memorial ▁to ▁the ▁founding ▁sisters ' ▁parents . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁the ▁ch ancel ▁floor ▁was
▁rel aid ▁with ▁a ▁check er board ▁pattern ▁of ▁black ▁and ▁white ▁marble ▁by ▁Walter ▁Tower , ▁nep hew ▁and ▁working ▁partner ▁of ▁st ained ▁glass ▁designer ▁Charles ▁E amer ▁K em pe . ▁ ▁Architect ure ▁All ▁S aints ▁Church , ▁character ised ▁by ▁architect ural ▁historian ▁Nik ol aus ▁P ev s ner ▁as ▁" a ▁serious ▁job , ▁outside ▁and ▁inside ", ▁is ▁a ▁G oth ic ▁Rev ival - style ▁building , ▁various ly ▁described ▁as ▁in ▁the ▁Dec or ated ▁style ▁of ▁around ▁ 1 3 0 0 , ▁" E arly ▁Ge omet rical " ▁( i . e . ▁a ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁interpretation ▁of ▁the ▁transition ▁between ▁Early ▁English ▁and ▁Dec or ated ▁G oth ic ) ▁and ▁" 1 5 th - century ▁G oth ic ". ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁ch ancel ▁and ▁n ave ▁with ▁a ▁ch ancel ▁arch ▁between ▁them , ▁an ▁a isle ▁on ▁the ▁north ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁n ave , ▁a ▁porch ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁and ▁a ▁nort heast ▁tower ▁to pped ▁with ▁a ▁bro ach ▁sp ire ▁laid ▁with ▁oak ▁sh ing les . ▁ ▁The ▁whole ▁church ▁is ▁built ▁of ▁local ▁stone . ▁ ▁All ▁windows ▁are ▁l anc ets ▁with ▁tr ac ery ▁of ▁the ▁Dec or ated ▁G oth ic ▁style , ▁and ▁all ▁have ▁st ained ▁glass . ▁ ▁The ▁east ▁window ▁of ▁the ▁ch ancel ▁is ▁the ▁largest , ▁with ▁five ▁lights . ▁ ▁The ▁ch ancel ▁arch
▁and ▁a is les ▁have ▁m ould ed ▁cap itals ▁and ▁respon ds ▁which ▁appear ▁more ▁elaborate ▁than ▁in ▁a ▁typical ▁rural ▁church ▁of ▁the ▁era . ▁ ▁Other ▁internal ▁fi xtures ▁include ▁a ▁r ered os ▁of ▁marble ▁and ▁memorial s ▁to ▁the ▁founding ▁sisters . ▁ ▁The ▁church ▁today ▁All ▁S aints ▁Church ▁was ▁listed ▁at ▁Grade ▁II ▁by ▁English ▁Heritage ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 8 3 ; ▁this ▁defines ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁" n ation ally ▁important " ▁building ▁of ▁" special ▁interest ". ▁ ▁As ▁of ▁February ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁it ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁ 9 5 8 ▁Grade ▁II ▁listed ▁buildings , ▁and ▁ 1 , 0 2 8 ▁listed ▁buildings ▁of ▁all ▁grades , ▁in ▁the ▁district ▁of ▁Mid ▁Sus sex . ▁ ▁The ▁parish ▁covers ▁the ▁ham let ▁of ▁High bro ok ▁and ▁the ▁surrounding ▁rural ▁area ▁between ▁the ▁B 2 0 2 8 ▁E den bridge – H ay wards ▁He ath ▁road ▁and ▁the ▁preserved ▁Blue bell ▁Railway ▁line . ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁united ▁benef ice ▁of ▁High bro ok ▁and ▁West ▁Ho ath ly , ▁which ▁was ▁created ▁in ▁September ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁adv ow son ▁is ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁Bishop ▁of ▁Ch iche ster . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁places ▁of ▁worship ▁in ▁Mid ▁Sus sex ▁St ▁Margaret ' s ▁Church , ▁West ▁Ho ath ly ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Category : Ch urches
▁completed ▁in ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁Church ▁of ▁England ▁church ▁buildings ▁Category : Ch urch ▁of ▁England ▁church ▁buildings ▁in ▁Mid ▁Sus sex ▁District ▁Category : Gr ade ▁II ▁listed ▁churches ▁in ▁West ▁Sus sex <0x0A> </s> ▁Ang us ▁Mort on ▁B owie ▁( born ▁ 1 9 4 9 ) ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁academic , ▁Emer it us ▁L ob el ▁fellow ▁in ▁Class ics ▁at ▁The ▁Queen ' s ▁College , ▁University ▁of ▁Oxford . ▁His ▁research ▁interests ▁include ▁Hom er , ▁Her odot us , ▁Greek ▁ly ric , ▁tragedy ▁and ▁comedy , ▁Vir g il , ▁Greek ▁myth ology , ▁structural ism , ▁narr at ology , ▁and ▁other ▁theories ▁of ▁literature . ▁ ▁Biography ▁After ▁attending ▁St ▁Peter ' s ▁School , ▁York , ▁B owie ▁studied ▁for ▁his ▁under graduate ▁and ▁graduate ▁degrees ▁at ▁Em manuel ▁College , ▁University ▁of ▁Cambridge , ▁under ▁the ▁academic ▁super vision ▁of ▁P . ▁E . ▁Easter ling . ▁He ▁was ▁employed ▁as ▁a ▁L ect urer ▁from ▁ 1 9 7 6 ▁at ▁the ▁Greek ▁Department ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Liverpool ▁for ▁five ▁years . ▁He ▁received ▁his ▁PhD ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁and ▁moved ▁to ▁Queen ' s ▁College , ▁Oxford , ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 1 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁he ▁taught ▁a ▁sem ester ▁at ▁Berkeley . ▁Apart ▁from ▁L ob el ▁Fellow ▁and ▁Tut or ▁in ▁Class ics ▁( from ▁Pra e
lector ▁to ▁Associ ate ▁Professor ), ▁he ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁Senior ▁Tut or ▁( 1 9 8 1 – 1 9 8 7 ) ▁and ▁Fellow ▁L ibr arian ▁at ▁The ▁Queen ' s ▁College , ▁as ▁Chair ▁of ▁the ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Class ics ▁( 2 0 1 1 – 2 0 1 4 ), ▁and ▁as ▁Ass ess or ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Oxford ▁for ▁a ▁year . ▁ ▁An ▁international ▁conference ▁on ▁Greek ▁comedy ▁in ▁honour ▁of ▁B owie ▁took ▁place ▁in ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁His ▁younger ▁brother , ▁Andrew , ▁is ▁an ▁academic ▁philos opher . ▁ ▁On ▁ 4 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁he ▁delivered ▁a ▁e ul ogy ▁at ▁the ▁funeral ▁of ▁his ▁long - time ▁partner , ▁Peter ▁Bay ley , ▁on etime ▁D rap ers ▁Professor ▁of ▁French ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Cambridge . ▁ ▁Contribut ions ▁ ▁B owie ' s ▁first ▁book ▁( based ▁on ▁his ▁doctor al ▁thesis ) ▁addressed ▁the ▁relationship ▁between ▁the ▁language ▁of ▁the ▁Les bian ▁po ets , ▁Hom er , ▁and ▁spoken ▁A e olic . ▁He ▁showed ▁that ▁the ▁language ▁of ▁S ap ph o ▁and ▁Al ca e us ▁was ▁a ▁true ▁poet ic ▁d iction , ▁the ▁traditions ▁of ▁which ▁stem ▁form ▁a ▁poet ic ▁Ko ine , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁origins ▁of ▁this ▁Ko ine ▁are ▁presumably ▁to ▁be ▁sought ▁back ▁in ▁the ▁My c ena e an ▁period ▁at ▁least . ▁ ▁His ▁most
▁influential ▁book ▁has ▁been ▁Arist oph anes : ▁My th , ▁R it ual ▁and ▁Com edy ▁( 1 9 9 3 ; ▁re print ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁ 2 0 0 5 ; ▁and ▁translated ▁into ▁Modern ▁Greek ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ), ▁in ▁which ▁he ▁traces ▁patterns ▁from ▁myth ology , ▁rit uals , ▁and ▁r ites ▁of ▁passage ▁in ▁the ▁ext ant ▁Arist oph an ic ▁comed ies ▁( us ually ▁found ▁in ▁a ▁revers ed ▁form ▁than ▁expected ). ▁In ▁a ▁decade ▁when ▁structural ism ▁was ▁seen ▁as ▁out dated ▁and ▁restrict ive ▁by ▁classic ists , ▁and ▁de construction ▁was ▁becoming ▁more ▁and ▁more ▁popular , ▁this ▁book ▁contributed ▁to ▁a ▁positive ▁re - evalu ation ▁of ▁structural ist ▁approaches ▁to ▁literature . ▁Later ▁( and ▁contemporary ) ▁scholarship ▁in ▁the ▁field ▁has ▁confirmed ▁that ▁" Future ▁studies ▁of ▁myth ▁and ▁ritual ▁in ▁Arist oph anes ▁and ▁other ▁po ets ▁of ▁Old ▁Com edy , ▁will ▁surely ▁be ▁inde bt ed ▁to ▁B owie ' s ▁important ▁first ▁steps ". ▁ ▁B owie ' s ▁Cambridge ▁comment ary ▁on ▁Her odot us ▁is ▁" part icular ly ▁strong ▁and ▁up ▁to ▁date ▁in ▁its ▁synt hesis ▁of ▁historical ▁and ▁literary ▁observations . ▁In ▁this ▁sense ▁his ▁work ▁out sh ines ▁earlier , ▁uns atisf actory ▁English ▁comment aries ▁on ▁Book ▁ 8 ". ▁As ▁for ▁Od ys sey ▁XIII
- X IV , ▁also ▁in ▁the ▁Cambridge ▁' green ▁and ▁yellow ' ▁series , ▁" the ▁text ▁is ▁B owie ' s ▁own , ▁though ▁he ▁has ▁not ▁consult ed ▁the ▁M SS . ▁It ▁is ▁provided ▁with ▁a ▁spare ▁appar atus ▁critic us . ▁The ▁bibli ography ▁is ▁abund ant ▁and ▁modern . ▁The ▁notes ▁that ▁accompany ▁the ▁comment ary ▁are ▁exempl ary . ▁B owie ▁gives ▁just ▁the ▁right ▁amount ▁of ▁information , ▁whether ▁it ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁word , ▁or ▁its ▁usage , ▁or ▁background ▁of ▁a ▁custom . ▁Every ▁so ▁often ▁he ▁inter sp ers es ▁a ▁pro se ▁summary ▁of ▁the ▁text ▁coming ▁up , ▁marvel s ▁of ▁compression ▁and ▁luc idity ." ▁ ▁Mon ograph s ▁and ▁edited ▁volumes ▁▁▁ ▁( 1 9 8 1 ) ▁The ▁Po etic ▁D ial ect ▁of ▁S ap ph o ▁and ▁Al ca e us ▁( New ▁York ). ▁ ▁( 1 9 9 3 ) ▁Arist oph anes : ▁My th , ▁R it ual , ▁and ▁Com edy ▁( C amb ridge ; ▁New ▁York ). ▁ ▁( 2 0 0 4 ) ▁with ▁I . ▁De ▁J ong ▁and ▁R . ▁N ün list ▁( eds .), ▁N arr ators , ▁N arr ate es , ▁and ▁N arr atives ▁in ▁Anc ient ▁Greek ▁Liter ature ▁( Le iden ). ▁ ▁( 2 0 0 7 ) ▁Her odot us : ▁Hist ories , ▁Book ▁VIII ▁( C amb ridge ). ▁ ▁(
2 0 1 3 ) ▁Hom er : ▁Od ys sey , ▁Books ▁XIII ▁and ▁XIV ▁( C amb ridge ). ▁ ▁( 2 0 1 9 ) ▁Hom er : ▁I li ad , ▁Book ▁III ▁( C amb ridge ). ▁ ▁For th coming : ▁ ▁Hom er : ▁I li ad ▁ 2 1 – 2 4 ▁( G reek ▁and ▁Latin ▁Writ ers ▁Series : ▁F ond azione ▁Loren zo ▁V alla ▁and ▁Arnold o ▁Mond ador i ▁Edit ore ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁educated ▁at ▁St ▁Peter ' s ▁School , ▁York ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁Em manuel ▁College , ▁Cambridge ▁Category : Class ical ▁scholars ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Liverpool ▁Category : F ell ows ▁of ▁The ▁Queen ' s ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁Category : Class ical ▁scholars ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Oxford <0x0A> </s> ▁N ab agram ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁Kum arg anj , ▁Bal ur gh at ▁sub div ision , ▁Dak sh in ▁Din aj pur ▁district , ▁West ▁Beng al , ▁India . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁first ▁primary ▁school ▁named ▁N AB AG R AM ▁F P ▁S CH O OL . ▁This ▁village ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁east - n orth ▁of ▁Dak sh in ▁Din aj pur ▁district ▁( Ind ia ▁Bangl adesh ▁border ). ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁Dak sh in ▁Din aj pur
▁district <0x0A> </s> ▁Party ▁of ▁Democratic ▁Action ▁is ▁a ▁political ▁party ▁in ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina . ▁It ▁also ▁has ▁the ▁following ▁e pon ym ous ▁off sh oot s ▁in ▁other ▁countries : ▁▁ ▁Party ▁of ▁Democratic ▁Action ▁of ▁Cro at ia ▁ ▁Party ▁of ▁Democratic ▁Action ▁( K os ovo ) ▁ ▁Party ▁of ▁Democratic ▁Action ▁of ▁Sand ž ak , ▁a ▁Bos ni ak ▁minority ▁party ▁in ▁Ser bia ▁ ▁Party ▁for ▁Democratic ▁Action ▁- ▁a ▁similarly ▁named ▁Alban ian ▁minority ▁party ▁in ▁Ser bia ▁ ▁Party ▁of ▁Democratic ▁Action ▁of ▁Mont en eg ro , ▁a ▁former ▁party ▁in ▁Mont en eg ro ▁( 1 9 9 0 - 2 0 0 2 ) ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Democratic ▁Action ▁Party ▁( dis ambigu ation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Im re ▁F inta ▁( 2 ▁September ▁ 1 9 1 2 ▁– ▁ 1 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 3 ) ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁person ▁prosecut ed ▁under ▁Canada ' s ▁war ▁crimes ▁legislation . ▁He ▁was ▁charged ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁and ▁acqu itted ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁F inta ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Kol oz sv ár ▁( mod ern - day ▁Cl uj - N ap oca , ▁Rom ania ). ▁He ▁studied ▁law ▁at ▁a ▁university ▁in ▁Sz eg ed ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 5 ▁he ▁en rolled ▁at ▁the ▁Royal ▁Hung arian ▁Military ▁Academy .
▁He ▁was ▁commissioned ▁as ▁a ▁second ▁lieutenant ▁in ▁the ▁Royal ▁Hung arian ▁G endar mer ie ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁and ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁captain ▁on ▁April ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 2 . ▁ ▁Im re ▁F inta ▁was ▁a ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁G endar mer ie ▁in ▁Sz eg ed , ▁Hung ary , ▁during ▁the ▁Second ▁World ▁War . ▁He ▁immigr ated ▁to ▁Canada ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 8 ▁and ▁settled ▁in ▁Toronto ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 3 , ▁where ▁he ▁bought ▁a ▁restaurant . ▁He ▁later ▁operated ▁a ▁cater ing ▁business . ▁F inta ▁became ▁a ▁Canadian ▁citizen ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 . ▁ ▁War ▁crimes ▁prosecut ion ▁He ▁was ▁accused ▁of ▁comm itting ▁m ans l aughter , ▁kidn apping , ▁un law ful ▁conf inement ▁and ▁rob bery ▁in ▁relation ▁to ▁his ▁alleged ▁activities ▁as ▁a ▁police ▁officer ▁assist ing ▁the ▁Naz is ▁in ▁the ▁forced ▁deport ation ▁of ▁ 8 , 6 1 7 ▁Jews ▁from ▁Sz eg ed ▁during ▁the ▁Hol oca ust . ▁ ▁F inta ▁was ▁def ended ▁by ▁lawyers ▁Doug ▁Christ ie ▁and ▁Barbara ▁K ul asz ka ▁and ▁was ▁supported ▁by ▁far - right ▁figures ▁such ▁as ▁Ernst ▁Z ünd el . ▁F inta ' s ▁defence ▁argued ▁that ▁he ▁had ▁only ▁been ▁following ▁orders ▁and ▁was ▁only ▁responsible ▁for ▁transport ing ▁Jews . ▁ ▁F inta ▁was ▁acqu itted ▁after ▁a ▁six - month
▁jury ▁trial . ▁The ▁acqu itt al ▁was ▁up held ▁by ▁the ▁Ontario ▁Court ▁of ▁Appe al ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁and ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁of ▁Canada ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁acqu itted ▁the ▁year ▁later . ▁ ▁Justice ▁Peter ▁C ory , ▁writing ▁on ▁behalf ▁of ▁the ▁Supreme ▁Court , ▁said ▁" Even ▁where ▁the ▁orders ▁are ▁manifest ly ▁un law ful , ▁the ▁defence ▁of ▁ob ed ience ▁to ▁superior ▁orders ▁and ▁the ▁peace - off icer ▁defence ▁will ▁be ▁available ▁in ▁those ▁circumstances ▁where ▁the ▁accused ▁had ▁no ▁moral ▁choice ▁as ▁to ▁whether ▁to ▁follow ▁the ▁order ." ▁ ▁The ▁Supreme ▁Court ▁also ▁ruled ▁that ▁the ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁Crim inal ▁Code ▁to ▁pro sec ute ▁F inta ▁was ▁un const itutional . ▁The ▁decision ▁brought ▁to ▁an ▁end ▁prosecut ions ▁under ▁Canada ' s ▁nas cent ▁war ▁crimes ▁legislation . ▁There after , ▁the ▁government ▁attempted ▁to ▁deal ▁with ▁alleged ▁war ▁crim inals ▁by ▁stri pping ▁them ▁of ▁their ▁Canadian ▁citizens hip ▁and ▁deport ing ▁them ▁to ▁the ▁country ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁alleged ▁crime ▁occurred . ▁ ▁Hol oca ust ▁surviv or ▁Sab ina ▁Cit ron ▁prev ailed ▁in ▁a ▁civil ▁lawsuit ▁for ▁lib el ▁against ▁F inta , ▁after ▁F inta ▁called ▁her ▁a ▁li ar ▁for ▁saying ▁he ▁had ▁committed ▁war ▁crimes . ▁ ▁Death ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 3 , ▁F inta ▁died ▁in ▁his ▁sleep ▁at ▁a ▁nursing ▁home ▁in ▁Toronto ,
▁Ontario . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁R ▁v ▁F inta ▁Des ch ê nes ▁Commission ▁Vlad imir ▁Kat ri uk ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 1 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 0 3 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Sz eg ed ▁Category : People ▁ind icted ▁for ▁war ▁crimes ▁Category : People ▁acqu itted ▁of ▁international ▁crimes ▁Category : H ung arian ▁collabor ators ▁with ▁Nazi ▁Germany ▁Category : People ▁acqu itted ▁of ▁kidn apping ▁Category : Pol ice ▁mis conduct ▁in ▁Canada ▁Category : Hol oca ust ▁perpet r ators ▁in ▁Hung ary <0x0A> </s> ▁A ▁pressure ▁r idge ▁develop s ▁in ▁an ▁ice ▁cover ▁as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁a ▁stress ▁regime ▁established ▁within ▁the ▁plane ▁of ▁the ▁ice . ▁Within ▁sea ▁ice ▁expans es , ▁pressure ▁rid ges ▁orig inate ▁from ▁the ▁interaction ▁between ▁flo es , ▁as ▁they ▁coll ide ▁with ▁each ▁other . ▁Current s ▁and ▁winds ▁are ▁the ▁main ▁driving ▁forces , ▁but ▁the ▁latter ▁are ▁particularly ▁effective ▁when ▁they ▁have ▁a ▁predomin ant ▁direction . ▁Press ure ▁rid ges ▁are ▁made ▁up ▁of ▁angular ▁ice ▁blocks ▁of ▁various ▁sizes ▁that ▁pile ▁up ▁on ▁the ▁flo es . ▁The ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁r idge ▁that ▁is ▁above ▁the ▁water ▁surface ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁sail ; ▁that ▁below ▁it ▁as ▁the ▁ke el . ▁Press ure ▁rid ges ▁are ▁the ▁thick est ▁sea ▁ice ▁features ▁and ▁account ▁for ▁about ▁one - half ▁of ▁the ▁total ▁sea ▁ice ▁volume . ▁St am uk hi ▁are
▁pressure ▁rid ges ▁that ▁are ▁ground ed ▁and ▁that ▁result ▁from ▁the ▁interaction ▁between ▁fast ▁ice ▁and ▁the ▁dr ifting ▁pack ▁ice . ▁ ▁Internal ▁structure ▁ ▁The ▁blocks ▁making ▁up ▁pressure ▁rid ges ▁are ▁mostly ▁from ▁the ▁th inner ▁ice ▁flo e ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁interaction , ▁but ▁it ▁can ▁also ▁include ▁pieces ▁from ▁the ▁other ▁flo e ▁if ▁it ▁is ▁not ▁too ▁thick . ▁In ▁the ▁summer , ▁the ▁r idge ▁can ▁under go ▁a ▁significant ▁amount ▁of ▁weather ing , ▁which ▁turns ▁it ▁into ▁a ▁smooth ▁hill . ▁During ▁this ▁process , ▁the ▁ice ▁los es ▁its ▁sal inity ▁( as ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁br ine ▁drain age ). ▁This ▁is ▁known ▁as ▁an ▁aged ▁r idge . ▁A ▁consolid ated ▁r idge ▁is ▁one ▁whose ▁base ▁has ▁under g one ▁complete ▁free zing . ▁The ▁term ▁consolid ated ▁layer ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁design ate ▁free zing ▁up ▁of ▁the ▁rub ble ▁just ▁below ▁the ▁water ▁line . ▁The ▁existence ▁of ▁a ▁consolid ated ▁layer ▁depends ▁on ▁air ▁temperature ▁— ▁in ▁this ▁layer , ▁the ▁water ▁between ▁individual ▁blocks ▁is ▁frozen , ▁with ▁a ▁resulting ▁reduction ▁in ▁por osity ▁and ▁an ▁increase ▁in ▁mechanical ▁strength . ▁A ▁ke el ' s ▁depth ▁of ▁an ▁ice ▁r idge ▁is ▁much ▁higher ▁than ▁its ▁sail ' s ▁height ▁- ▁typically ▁about ▁four ▁times . ▁The ▁ke el ▁is ▁also ▁ 2 - 3 ▁times ▁wider ▁than ▁the ▁sail . ▁ ▁Th ick ness ▁ ▁One ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁pressure ▁rid ges ▁on
▁record ▁had ▁a ▁sail ▁extending ▁ ▁above ▁the ▁water ▁surface , ▁and ▁a ▁ke el ▁depth ▁of ▁. ▁The ▁total ▁thickness ▁for ▁a ▁multi year ▁r idge ▁was ▁reported ▁to ▁be ▁. ▁On ▁average , ▁total ▁thickness ▁ranges ▁between ▁ ▁and ▁, ▁with ▁a ▁mean ▁sail ▁height ▁that ▁remains ▁below ▁. ▁ ▁Character ization ▁methods ▁ ▁The ▁physical ▁character ization ▁of ▁pressure ▁rid ges ▁can ▁be ▁done ▁using ▁the ▁following ▁methods : ▁▁ ▁Mechan ical ▁dr illing , ▁where by ▁aug ers ▁designed ▁for ▁ice ▁are ▁driven ▁through ▁the ▁r idge , ▁and ▁the ▁core ▁retriev ed ▁for ▁analysis . ▁ ▁Sur ve ying , ▁where by ▁a ▁level , ▁the od ol ite ▁or ▁a ▁differential ▁GPS ▁system ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁determine ▁sail ▁geometry . ▁ ▁Th erm al ▁dr illing ▁– ▁dr illing ▁involving ▁mel ting ▁of ▁the ▁ice . ▁ ▁Observ ation ▁of ▁the ▁ice ▁can opy ▁by ▁sc uba ▁divers . ▁ ▁Up ward ▁looking ▁son ars . ▁▁▁▁ ▁A ▁series ▁of ▁therm ist ors , ▁to ▁monitor ▁temperature ▁changes . ▁▁ ▁Elect romag netic ▁indu ction , ▁from ▁the ▁ice ▁surface ▁or ▁from ▁an ▁aircraft . ▁ ▁Interest ▁for ▁pressure ▁rid ges ▁ ▁From ▁an ▁off shore ▁engineering ▁and ▁naval ▁perspective , ▁there ▁are ▁three ▁reasons ▁why ▁pressure ▁rid ges ▁are ▁a ▁subject ▁of ▁investigation . ▁First ly , ▁because ▁the ▁highest ▁loads ▁applied ▁on ▁off shore ▁structures ▁operating ▁in ▁cold ▁o ce ans ▁by ▁drift ▁ice ▁are ▁associated ▁with ▁these ▁features . ▁Second ly , ▁when ▁pressure
▁rid ges ▁drift ▁into ▁shall ower ▁areas , ▁their ▁ke el ▁may ▁come ▁into ▁contact ▁with ▁the ▁se ab ed , ▁thereby ▁representing ▁a ▁risk ▁for ▁sub sea ▁pip elines ▁( see ▁Se ab ed ▁g ou ging ▁by ▁ice ) ▁and ▁other ▁se ab ed ▁install ations . ▁Third ly , ▁they ▁have ▁a ▁significant ▁impact ▁on ▁navigation . ▁In ▁the ▁Ar ctic , ▁rid ged ▁ice ▁makes ▁up ▁about ▁ 4 0 % ▁of ▁the ▁overall ▁mass ▁of ▁sea ▁ice . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ ▁Dr ift ▁ice ▁ ▁F inger ▁r aft ing ▁ ▁Ice berg ▁ ▁Ice ▁vol c ano ▁ ▁Off shore ▁ge ote chn ical ▁engineering ▁ ▁Sea ▁ice ▁ ▁Se ab ed ▁g ou ging ▁by ▁ice ▁ ▁St am uk ha ▁ ▁Sub mar ine ▁pipeline ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Ge omorph ology ▁Category : Land forms ▁Category : Gl aci ology ▁Category : Se a ▁ice ▁Category : S now ▁or ▁ice ▁weather ▁phen omena <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁Santa ▁Clara ▁Bron cos ▁football ▁team ▁represented ▁Santa ▁Clara ▁University ▁as ▁an ▁independent ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁college ▁football ▁season . ▁In ▁its ▁sixth ▁season ▁under ▁head ▁coach ▁Buck ▁Shaw , ▁the ▁team ▁compiled ▁a ▁ 6 – 3 ▁record ▁and ▁out sc ored ▁opponents ▁by ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 1 7 0 ▁to ▁ 1 0 3 . ▁ ▁After ▁winning ▁its ▁first ▁four ▁games , ▁including ▁shut out ▁vict ories ▁over ▁California
▁and ▁Michigan ▁State , ▁Santa ▁Clara ▁rose ▁to ▁No . ▁ 8 ▁in ▁the ▁AP ▁Poll ▁released ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 0 . ▁The ▁team ▁then ▁fell ▁from ▁the ▁rank ings , ▁losing ▁three ▁consecutive ▁games ▁against ▁Oklahoma , ▁Stanford , ▁and ▁Oregon . ▁The ▁team ▁re bound ed ▁with ▁vict ories ▁over ▁U CL A ▁and ▁rival ▁Saint ▁Mary ' s ▁to ▁conclude ▁the ▁season . ▁ ▁Schedule ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Santa ▁Clara ▁Bron cos ▁Category : S anta ▁Clara ▁Bron cos ▁football ▁seasons ▁Santa ▁Clara ▁Bron cos <0x0A> </s> ▁R ED I RECT Le on id ▁Bre kh ov sk ikh <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Am ik wa ▁( O j ib we : ▁Am ik w aa , ▁" Be aver ▁People "; ▁from ▁am ik , ▁" be aver "), ▁also ▁as ▁Am ic ou ë s , ▁Am ik ou et , ▁etc ., ▁were ▁a ▁Native ▁American ▁clan , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁first ▁recognized ▁by ▁Europe ans ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century . ▁The ▁Am ik wa ▁were ▁An ish ina ab eg ▁peoples , ▁and ▁spoke ▁an ▁O j ib we ▁language . ▁In ▁the ▁Jes uit ▁Rel ations , ▁the ▁Am ik wa ▁were ▁referred ▁to ▁as ▁the ▁Ne z ▁Per ce ▁( not ▁to ▁be ▁confused ▁with ▁the ▁Pacific ▁North west ▁Ne z ▁Per ce ▁people ). ▁They ▁inhab ited ▁the ▁north ▁shore ▁of ▁Lake ▁Hur on , ▁opposite ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁Man it ou lin , ▁along ▁the ▁sh ores ▁between
▁Miss is agi ▁and ▁French ▁Rivers , ▁and ▁along ▁Spanish ▁River . ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 7 5 3 , ▁B ac qu ev ille ▁de ▁la ▁P other ie ▁claimed ▁that ▁they ▁inhab ited ▁the ▁sh ores ▁of ▁Lake ▁N ip iss ing . ▁They ▁were ▁a ▁large , ▁powerful ▁group ▁all ied ▁with ▁the ▁N ip iss ings ▁and ▁related ▁to ▁the ▁Out ch ou g ai , ▁Mand ua , ▁and ▁At ch il ig ou an ▁peoples . ▁The ▁Am ik wa ▁were ▁nearly ▁wiped ▁out ▁by ▁disease ▁and ▁wars ▁with ▁the ▁ ▁I ro qu ois ▁and ▁the ▁last ▁of ▁the ▁tribe ▁appear ▁to ▁have ▁merged ▁with ▁the ▁N ip iss ings ▁or ▁the ▁O j ib we . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Great ▁L akes ▁tribes ▁Category : First ▁Nations ▁in ▁Ontario ▁Category : Native ▁American ▁tribes ▁in ▁Michigan ▁Category : An ish ina abe ▁groups <0x0A> </s> ▁Res ▁Art is ▁was ▁founded ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁a ▁website ▁and ▁the ▁largest ▁existing ▁network ▁of ▁artist ▁resid ency ▁programs , ▁representing ▁the ▁interests ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁ 6 0 0 ▁centers , ▁organisations , ▁and ▁individuals ▁in ▁over ▁ 7 0 ▁countries ▁worldwide . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Found ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁in ▁Berlin , ▁Germany , ▁through ▁the ▁volunteer ▁efforts ▁of ▁the ▁Board ▁of ▁Direct ors ▁and ▁countless ▁partners ▁and ▁friends , ▁Res ▁Art is ▁has ▁grown ▁to ▁become ▁the ▁largest ▁network ▁of ▁its ▁kind , ▁promoting ▁the
▁role ▁of ▁residential ▁art ▁programs ▁as ▁a ▁vital ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁contemporary ▁arts ▁world , ▁stim ulating ▁the ▁creative ▁development ▁and ▁mobility ▁of ▁artists , ▁and ▁further ing ▁inter c ultural ▁understanding . ▁Res ▁Art is ▁founding ▁members ▁include ▁Michael ▁Ha erd ter ▁and ▁William ▁Edward ▁Smart ▁Jr . ▁( 1 9 3 3 – 2 0 1 9 ). ▁ ▁Each ▁of ▁Res ▁Art is ' ▁members ▁is ▁dedicated ▁to ▁offering ▁artists , ▁cur ators , ▁and ▁all ▁manner ▁of ▁creative ▁people ▁the ▁essential ▁time ▁and ▁place ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁press ures ▁and ▁habits ▁of ▁every - day ▁life , ▁an ▁experience ▁fr amed ▁within ▁a ▁unique ▁ge ographic ▁and ▁cultural ▁context . ▁Through ▁Res ▁Art is , ▁organisations ▁will ▁become ▁part ▁of ▁a ▁global ▁community ▁of ▁colleagues ▁engaged ▁in ▁dialogue ▁through ▁face - to - face ▁meetings ▁and ▁virtually ▁through ▁an ▁extensive ▁online ▁presence . ▁ ▁Members ▁of ▁the ▁organisation ▁include ▁a ▁wide ▁variety ▁of ▁facilities ▁that ▁take ▁may ▁take ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁an ▁art ▁colony , ▁an ▁artist - run ▁space , ▁or ▁other ▁regional ▁resid ency ▁networks . ▁ ▁The ▁network ▁began ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁as ▁an ▁organisation ▁of ▁volunteers ▁who ▁represent ▁and ▁support ▁the ▁needs ▁of ▁residential ▁arts ▁centers ▁and ▁programs ▁through ▁the ▁dynamic ▁exchange ▁of ▁information ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁publications ▁and ▁through ▁regional ▁and ▁international ▁face - to - face ▁meetings . ▁Res ▁Art is ▁prom otes ▁the ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁catal yt ic ▁role ▁residential ▁arts ▁centers ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁development ▁of
▁Cont emporary ▁Arts ▁in ▁all ▁cultures ▁worldwide ▁and ▁across ▁all ▁creative ▁media . ▁The ▁organization ▁has ▁been ▁cited ▁in ▁its ▁work ▁to ▁further ▁the ▁international ▁mobility ▁of ▁artists ▁and ▁the ▁promotion ▁of ▁cultural ▁exchange ▁through ▁art ▁resid encies . ▁ ▁Con ferences ▁and ▁meetings ▁The ▁heart ▁of ▁the ▁network ▁are ▁face - to - face ▁meetings . ▁They ▁provide ▁opportunities ▁for ▁our ▁members ▁to ▁meet , ▁discuss , ▁and ▁learn ▁first - hand ▁about ▁the ▁host ▁location . ▁These ▁are ▁ven ues ▁for ▁sharing ▁experiences , ▁ideas , ▁and ▁meals , ▁getting ▁to ▁know ▁one ▁another ▁not ▁only ▁as ▁colleagues ▁but ▁as ▁people . ▁ ▁These ▁meetings ▁are ▁organ ised ▁in ▁partnership ▁with ▁a ▁Res ▁Art is ▁member , ▁a ▁local ▁resid ency ▁space , ▁or ▁other ▁organisation . ▁Res ▁Art is ▁meetings ▁can ▁focus ▁on ▁a ▁particular ▁theme , ▁issue , ▁profile ▁or ▁ge ographic ▁region . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Artist ▁collective ▁Artist ▁cooper ative ▁Art ▁colony ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Res ▁Art is ▁Alliance ▁for ▁Artist ▁Commun ities ▁Trans ▁Art ists ▁Foundation ▁Japanese ▁Artist ▁in ▁Res idence ▁Program s ▁Asia - Europe ▁Foundation ▁ ▁Category : Ar ts ▁organisations ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : Intern ational ▁cultural ▁organizations ▁Category : Intern ational ▁organisations ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands <0x0A> </s> ▁Margaret ▁of ▁Cle ves , ▁also ▁sp elled ▁Marg are tha ▁or ▁Marg are the ▁( ▁– ▁after ▁ 1 3 4 8 ) ▁was ▁the ▁wife ▁of ▁Count ▁Ad olf ▁II ▁of ▁the ▁Mar ck ▁and
▁mother ▁of ▁Ad olf ▁III ▁of ▁the ▁Mar ck . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁daughter ▁of ▁Count ▁Diet rich ▁VIII ▁of ▁Cle ves ▁and ▁Margaret ▁of ▁Gu eld ers , ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁daughter ▁of ▁R egin ald ▁I ▁of ▁Gu eld ers . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁March ▁ 1 3 3 2 , ▁she ▁married ▁Count ▁Ad olf ▁II ▁of ▁the ▁Mar ck . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 3 3 3 , ▁her ▁father ▁issued ▁an ▁inherit ance ▁law , ▁which ▁said ▁that ▁after ▁his ▁death , ▁the ▁County ▁of ▁Cle ves ▁should ▁fall ▁to ▁Margaret ▁and ▁her ▁sisters ▁El is abeth ▁and ▁Maria . ▁ ▁His ▁younger ▁brother ▁John ▁object ed , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 3 3 8 , ▁this ▁law ▁was ▁repe aled . ▁ ▁Ad olf ▁II , ▁Margaret ' s ▁husband , ▁died ▁in ▁ 1 3 4 6 , ▁before ▁her ▁father ▁died . ▁ ▁Her ▁el dest ▁son , ▁Eng el bert ▁III ▁succeeded ▁as ▁Count ▁of ▁the ▁Mar ck . ▁ ▁After ▁her ▁father , ▁Count ▁Diet rich ▁VIII ▁of ▁Cle ves , ▁died ▁on ▁ 7 ▁July ▁ 1 3 4 7 , ▁Margaret ▁and ▁her ▁sons ▁Eng el bert ▁III ▁and ▁Ad olf ▁III ▁tried ▁to ▁secure ▁the ▁Cle ves ▁territory . ▁ ▁Init is ally , ▁they ▁were ▁supported ▁by ▁her ▁cousin , ▁R egin ald ▁III ▁of ▁Gu eld ers . ▁ ▁Nevertheless , ▁her ▁uncle , ▁Count ▁John , ▁prev ailed . ▁ ▁John ▁died ▁in ▁
1 3 6 8 . ▁ ▁After ▁his ▁death , ▁the ▁Count ▁of ▁the ▁Mar ck ▁could ▁finally ▁assert ▁their ▁right ▁to ▁inherit ▁Cle ves . ▁ ▁Ad olf ▁succeeded ▁as ▁Count , ▁her ▁third ▁son ▁Diet rich ▁received ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁hold ings ▁on ▁the ▁right ▁bank ▁of ▁the ▁Rh ine . ▁ ▁Issue ▁ ▁Ad olph ▁and ▁Margaret ▁of ▁Cle ves ▁had ▁seven ▁children : ▁ ▁Eng el bert ▁III ▁( 2 8 ▁Feb ▁ 1 3 3 3 - W et ter ▁ 2 2 ▁Dec ▁ 1 3 9 1 ), ▁married : ▁ ▁in ▁ 1 3 5 4 ▁to ▁Richard is ▁of ▁J ü lich ▁( d . ▁ 1 3 6 0 ), ▁a ▁daughter ▁of ▁William ▁V , ▁Duke ▁of ▁J ü lich ▁ ▁in ▁ 1 3 8 1 ▁El is abeth ▁of ▁S pon heim - S ay n ▁( d . ▁ 1 4 1 6 ), ▁a ▁daughter ▁of ▁Count ▁Simon ▁III ▁of ▁Vi anden ▁ ▁Ad olf ▁III ▁( 1 3 3 4 ▁- ▁ 7 ▁Sep ▁ 1 3 9 4 , ▁Cle ves ), ▁Arch b ishop ▁of ▁C olog ne ▁ 1 3 6 3 - 1 3 6 4 , ▁later ▁Count ▁of ▁Cle ves ▁and ▁Count ▁of ▁the ▁Mar ck ▁ ▁Diet rich ▁( 1 3 3 6 - 2 5 ▁May ▁ 1 4 0 6 ), ▁b ishop ▁of ▁Li ège ▁ 1 3 8 9 , ▁from ▁which ▁post ▁he ▁later ▁resigned
. ▁ ▁E ber hard ▁( 1 3 4 1 - after ▁ 1 3 6 0 ), ▁priest ▁at ▁Mün ster . ▁ ▁Marg are ta ▁(- 1 2 ▁Sep ▁ 1 4 0 9 ), ▁married ▁John ▁I , ▁Count ▁of ▁N ass au - D ill enburg ▁ ▁Me cht ild ▁(- after ▁ 1 8 ▁Oct ▁ 1 3 9 0 ), ▁married ▁E ber hard ▁of ▁Is enburg - G ren z au . ▁ ▁El is abeth , ▁married ▁G um pre cht ▁of ▁He pp end orf . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Entry ▁for ▁Margaret ▁at ▁gene al og ie - m ittel alter . de ▁ ▁History ▁of ▁Cle ves ▁ ▁Gene al og ical ▁tables ▁ ▁E tw as ▁zur ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Mar ck ▁ ▁Category : Count ess es ▁of ▁Mark ▁Category : 1 3 1 0 s ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 4 th - century ▁deaths ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁unknown ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁death ▁uncertain ▁Category : 1 4 th - century ▁German ▁people ▁Category : 1 4 th - century ▁German ▁women <0x0A> </s> ▁Ep il yst a ▁m uc ida ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁be et les ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Cer amb yc idae . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Ap ome c yn ini ▁Category : Be et les ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁David ▁Florida ▁Labor atory ▁ ▁is ▁ ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Space ▁Agency ' s
▁space craft ▁assembly , ▁integration ▁and ▁testing ▁centre , ▁in ▁Shir le ys ▁Bay , ▁just ▁west ▁of ▁Ott awa . ▁It ▁is ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Space ▁Agency ▁and ▁rent ed ▁out ▁to ▁Canadian ▁and ▁foreign ▁a eros pace ▁and ▁tele commun ications ▁companies ▁and ▁organizations ▁for ▁qual ifying ▁space ▁bound ▁equipment ▁such ▁as ▁communication ▁or ▁scientific ▁satell ites , ▁or ▁components ▁made ▁to ▁be ▁placed ▁on ▁satell ites ▁or ▁installed ▁in ▁a ▁space ▁station . ▁The ▁laboratory ▁was ▁named ▁to ▁honour ▁C . ▁David ▁Florida , ▁a ▁leading ▁Canadian ▁pione er ▁in ▁space ▁research . ▁ ▁Off ic ially ▁opened ▁in ▁September , ▁ 1 9 7 2 , ▁the ▁lab ▁has ▁been ▁expanded ▁over ▁the ▁years ▁to ▁accommodate ▁the ▁demand ▁for ▁its ▁services . ▁There ▁are ▁many ▁support ▁facilities ▁such ▁as ▁storage ▁areas , ▁clean ▁rooms , ▁elect rod ynamic ▁sh akers , ▁an echo ic ▁ch ambers , ▁space ▁( ther mal ▁and ▁vacuum ) ▁simulation ▁ch ambers ▁and ▁in - house ▁mechanical , ▁electrical ▁and ▁electronic ▁shops . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁past ▁the ▁David ▁Florida ▁Labor atory ▁has ▁tested ▁satell ites ▁for ▁Brazil , ▁Indonesia , ▁and ▁the ▁European ▁Space ▁Agency . ▁In m ars at ▁has ▁designated ▁it ▁as ▁their ▁authorized ▁anten na ▁test ▁house . ▁It ▁has ▁also ▁tested ▁Canadian ▁satell ites ▁such ▁as ▁R AD AR S AT - 1 ▁and ▁previously ▁tested ▁the ▁Special ▁Pur pose ▁D ex ter ous ▁Man ip ulator ▁( D ext re ) ▁which ▁now ▁forms ▁part ▁of ▁the
▁Mobile ▁Serv icing ▁System ▁of ▁the ▁International ▁Space ▁Station . ▁It ▁completed ▁work ▁on ▁the ▁Or b iter ▁Bo om ▁S ensor ▁System ▁which ▁first ▁flew ▁on ▁Sh utt le ▁Dis covery ▁during ▁ST S - 1 1 4 . ▁ ▁The ▁Labor atory ▁worked ▁on ▁R AD AR S AT - 2 ▁prior ▁to ▁launch ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁ ▁Recently ▁the ▁David ▁Florida ▁Labor atory ▁has ▁completed ▁the ▁integration ▁and ▁environmental ▁testing ▁of ▁the ▁Mar itime ▁Monitor ing ▁and ▁Mess aging ▁Mic ros at ell ite ▁( M 3 MS at ). ▁ ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁technology ▁demonstr ation ▁satellite ▁that ▁will ▁be ▁used ▁to ▁assess ▁the ▁utility ▁of ▁having ▁in ▁space ▁an ▁Autom atic ▁Ident ification ▁System ▁( A IS ) ▁for ▁reading ▁signals ▁from ▁vessels ▁to ▁better ▁manage ▁transport ▁in ▁Canadian ▁waters . ▁M 3 MS at ▁was ▁scheduled ▁to ▁be ▁launched ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Canadian ▁Space ▁Agency ▁website ▁- ▁David ▁Florida ▁Labor atory ▁FA Q ' s ▁ ▁Historical ▁an ec d otes ▁of ▁David ▁Florida ▁Labor atory ▁ ▁Category : Space ▁program ▁of ▁Canada ▁Category : S ci ence ▁and ▁technology ▁in ▁Canada ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁Ott awa ▁Category : Res earch ▁inst itutes ▁in ▁Canada ▁Category : Space ▁technology ▁research ▁inst itutes ▁Category : 1 9 7 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Ontario <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Living ▁and ▁the ▁Dead ▁is ▁a ▁British ▁super natural ▁horror ▁television ▁min iser
ies ▁created ▁by ▁Ash ley ▁Ph aro ah . ▁The ▁plot ▁revol ves ▁around ▁Nathan ▁Apple by ▁( play ed ▁by ▁Colin ▁Morgan ) ▁and ▁his ▁wife , ▁Charlotte ▁Apple by ▁( play ed ▁by ▁Charlotte ▁Spencer ), ▁whose ▁farm ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁be ▁at ▁the ▁centre ▁of ▁numerous ▁super natural ▁occur ren ces . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Main ▁cast ▁Colin ▁Morgan ▁as ▁Nathan ▁Apple by , ▁a ▁pione ering ▁Victorian ▁psych ologist ▁who ▁moves ▁to ▁his ▁family ' s ▁estate ▁in ▁Som erset ▁and ▁enc ounters ▁disturb ing ▁events ▁Charlotte ▁Spencer ▁as ▁Charlotte ▁Apple by , ▁a ▁pione ering ▁photographer ▁who ▁accompan ies ▁her ▁husband ▁to ▁try ▁to ▁turn ▁the ▁farm ' s ▁fort unes ▁around ▁Nicholas ▁Wood es on ▁as ▁Re ver end ▁Matthew ▁Den ning ▁ ▁Support ing ▁cast ▁ ▁Isaac ▁Andrew s ▁as ▁Charlie ▁Th atch er ▁ ▁Elizabeth ▁B err ington ▁as ▁M aud ▁H are ▁ ▁Sarah ▁Coun s ell ▁L izz ie ▁M err if ield ▁Robert ▁Em ms ▁as ▁Peter ▁H are ▁ ▁A mber ▁Fern ée ▁as ▁Bath she ba ▁Th atch er ▁ ▁Joel ▁Gill man ▁as ▁Jack ▁Lang tree ▁ ▁Tall ul ah ▁H add on ▁as ▁Har riet ▁Den ning ▁ ▁Ker rie ▁Hay es ▁as ▁G wen ▁Pear ce ▁L iam ▁Mc M ah on ▁as ▁T ink er ▁ ▁David ▁O akes ▁as ▁William ▁Pay ne ▁ ▁Marian ne ▁Old ham ▁as ▁Mary ▁Den ning ▁ ▁Harry ▁Pe ac ock ▁as ▁Smith ▁Ch loe ▁Pir rie ▁as ▁L ara
▁ ▁P ook y ▁Q ues nel ▁as ▁Ag nes ▁Th atch er ▁ ▁Mal colm ▁St orry ▁as ▁G ide on ▁Lang tree ▁ ▁Steve ▁Or am ▁as ▁John ▁Ro eb uck ▁ ▁Production ▁ ▁Development ▁The ▁series ▁was ▁created ▁by ▁Life ▁on ▁Mars ▁and ▁As hes ▁to ▁As hes ▁co - creat or ▁Ash ley ▁Ph aro ah . ▁Ph aro ah ' s ▁creative ▁partner ▁Matthew ▁Graham ▁was ▁initially ▁attached ▁to ▁the ▁series , ▁but ▁withd rew ▁prior ▁to ▁its ▁production ▁to ▁work ▁on ▁Child hood ' s ▁End ▁for ▁Sy F y . ▁The ▁series ▁is ▁directed ▁by ▁Alice ▁T rought on ▁and ▁Sam ▁Don ovan . ▁ ▁Cast ing ▁On ▁ 5 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁Colin ▁Morgan ▁and ▁Charlotte ▁Spencer ▁were ▁announced ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁cast . ▁ ▁Fil ming ▁The ▁Living ▁and ▁the ▁Dead ▁production ▁was ▁based ▁in ▁the ▁B ott le ▁Y ard ▁Studios ▁in ▁Brist ol , ▁England . ▁The ▁primary ▁film ing ▁location ▁was ▁H ort on ▁Court ▁in ▁Gl ou cester shire . ▁ ▁The ▁six - part ▁BBC ▁One ▁TV ▁Series ▁began ▁rehe ars als ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁and ▁shooting ▁comm enced ▁in ▁the ▁West ▁Country ▁on ▁ 3 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁with ▁an ▁official ▁announcement ▁about ▁the ▁series ▁on ▁ 7 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁Fil ming ▁concluded ▁on ▁ 1 8 ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁On ▁
1 2 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 6 , ▁BBC ▁had ▁officially ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁series ▁would ▁not ▁be ▁renew ed ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁series . ▁ ▁Music ▁Brist ol - based ▁du o ▁The ▁In sect s ▁were ▁commissioned ▁to ▁write ▁the ▁score ▁for ▁the ▁series . ▁The ▁first ▁episode ▁features ▁the ▁traditional ▁song ▁" She ▁M oved ▁Through ▁the ▁Fair " ▁sung ▁by ▁Elizabeth ▁Fr aser , ▁plus ▁the ▁Ang lic an ▁h ym n ▁" Im m ort al , ▁In visible , ▁God ▁Only ▁W ise " ▁at ▁the ▁pl ough man ' s ▁funeral . ▁Another ▁recur ring ▁song ▁is ▁" The ▁Re aper ' s ▁Ghost ", ▁composed ▁by ▁Richard ▁D yer - Ben net ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁ ▁E pis odes ▁ ▁Re ception ▁Review ▁aggreg ator ▁website ▁Rot ten ▁Tom atoes ▁gave ▁Series ▁ 1 ▁an ▁approval ▁rating ▁of ▁ 8 3 %, ▁with ▁an ▁average ▁rating ▁of ▁ 6 . 3 3 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 ▁based ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁critics . ▁The ▁site ' s ▁critical ▁consensus ▁is , ▁" This ▁throw back ▁to ▁classic ▁g oth ic ▁tales ▁of ▁y ore ▁is ▁ideal ▁viewing ▁for ▁audiences ▁seeking ▁a ▁sp ook y ▁sit ▁without ▁intense ▁j ol ts ▁and ▁sh ocks ." ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Script s ▁for ▁Season ▁ 1 ▁Inter view ▁with ▁Ash ley ▁Ph aro ah ▁by ▁Mont se ▁Bru ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁British ▁television
▁series ▁debut s ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁British ▁television ▁series ▁end ings ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁British ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : F iction ▁set ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 4 ▁Category : Tele vision ▁series ▁set ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 8 9 0 s ▁Category : Tele vision ▁shows ▁set ▁in ▁Som erset ▁Category : English - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : B BC ▁C ym ru ▁Wales ▁television ▁program mes ▁Category : B BC ▁television ▁dram as ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁British ▁television ▁min iser ies ▁Category : B rit ish ▁horror ▁fiction ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Period ▁television ▁series ▁Category : Occ ult ▁detective ▁fiction ▁Category : G host s ▁in ▁television ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁British ▁horror ▁television ▁series <0x0A> </s> ▁Z anna ▁B ian ca ▁e ▁il ▁grande ▁Kid ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 7 7 ▁Italian ▁adventure ▁western ▁film ▁directed ▁by ▁V ito ▁Br usch ini ▁and ▁star ring ▁Tony ▁K end all , ▁Le a ▁L ander , ▁Fab ric io ▁Mar iani ▁and ▁Gordon ▁Mitchell . ▁It ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁book ▁White ▁F ang , ▁by ▁Jack ▁London . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : It al ian ▁adventure ▁films ▁Category : Te en ▁adventure ▁films ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 s ▁children ' s ▁adventure ▁films ▁Category : It al ian ▁Western ▁( gen re ) ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁based ▁on ▁White ▁F
ang ▁Category : 1 9 7 0 s ▁Western ▁( gen re ) ▁adventure ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Ex ile ▁and ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁ ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁collection ▁of ▁six ▁short ▁stories ▁by ▁French ▁writer ▁Albert ▁Cam us . ▁ ▁The ▁underlying ▁theme ▁of ▁these ▁stories ▁is ▁human ▁l onel iness ▁and ▁feeling ▁foreign ▁and ▁isolated ▁in ▁one ' s ▁own ▁society . ▁Cam us ▁writes ▁about ▁outs iders ▁living ▁in ▁Al ger ia ▁who ▁str addle ▁the ▁divide ▁between ▁the ▁ ▁Muslim ▁world ▁and ▁France . ▁ ▁These ▁works ▁of ▁fiction ▁cover ▁the ▁whole ▁variety ▁of ▁exist ential ism , ▁or ▁absurd ism , ▁as ▁Cam us ▁himself ▁insisted ▁his ▁philosoph ical ▁ideas ▁be ▁called . ▁The ▁cle arest ▁manifest ation ▁of ▁the ▁ide als ▁of ▁Cam us ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁story ▁" La ▁Pierre ▁qui ▁p ous se ." ▁This ▁story ▁features ▁D ' Arr ast , ▁who ▁can ▁be ▁seen ▁as ▁a ▁positive ▁hero ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁Me urs ault ▁in ▁The ▁Str anger . ▁He ▁actively ▁shapes ▁his ▁life ▁and ▁sacrific es ▁himself ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁help ▁a ▁friend , ▁instead ▁of ▁remaining ▁passive . ▁The ▁moral ▁quality ▁of ▁his ▁actions ▁is ▁intens ified ▁by ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁D ' Arr ast ▁has ▁deep ▁insight ▁into ▁the ▁absurd ity ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁but ▁acts ▁mor ally ▁nevertheless ▁( not ▁unlike ▁the ▁main ▁character ▁in ▁The ▁Pl ague ). ▁In ▁the ▁Sil ent ▁Men , ▁Cam us ▁reveals ▁his ▁understanding ▁of ▁the ▁life ▁of
▁lower ▁class ▁labor ers . ▁The ▁main ▁character , ▁Y vars , ▁is ▁a ▁barrel ▁maker , ▁like ▁Cam us ' s ▁uncle , ▁for ▁whom ▁he ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁teenager . ▁ ▁The ▁six ▁works ▁collected ▁in ▁this ▁volume ▁are : ▁ ▁" The ▁Ad ul ter ous ▁Woman " ▁(" La ▁Fem me ▁adult ère ") ▁" The ▁Ren eg ade ▁or ▁a ▁Conf used ▁Spirit " ▁(" Le ▁Ren ég at ▁ou ▁un ▁es prit ▁conf us ") ▁" The ▁Sil ent ▁Men " ▁(" Les ▁Mu ets ") ▁" The ▁Gu est " ▁(" L ' H ô te ") ▁" J on as ▁or ▁the ▁Artist ▁at ▁Work " ▁(" J on as ▁ou ▁l ’ art iste ▁au ▁travail ") ▁" The ▁Grow ing ▁Stone " ▁(" La ▁Pierre ▁qui ▁p ous se ") ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 7 ▁short ▁story ▁collections ▁Category : Short ▁story ▁collections ▁by ▁Albert ▁Cam us <0x0A> </s> ▁Ste phan ▁Jan se ▁van ▁R ens burg ▁( born ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁South ▁African ▁rugby ▁union ▁player ▁who ▁last ▁played ▁for ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁Cur rie ▁Cup ▁and ▁the ▁Rug by ▁Challenge . ▁His ▁regular ▁position ▁is ▁centre . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : South ▁African ▁rugby ▁union ▁players ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : 1 9 9 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Blo em f onte in ▁Category : R ug by ▁union ▁cent res ▁Category : Free ▁State ▁Che et
ah s ▁players <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 3 2 nd ▁Thailand ▁National ▁Games ▁( Th ai : ก า ร แ ข ่ ง ข ั น ก ี <0xE0> <0xB8> <0xAC> า แ ห ่ ง ช า ต ิ ▁ ค ร ั ้ ง ท ี ่ ▁ 3 2 ▁“ ก ร ุ ง เ ท พ ม ห า น ค ร เ ก ม ส ์ ”) ▁also ▁known ▁( 2 0 0 0 ▁National ▁Games , ▁Bang k ok ▁Games ) ▁held ▁in ▁Bang k ok , ▁Thailand ▁during ▁ 9 ▁to ▁ 2 0 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁Represent ing ▁were ▁ 4 5 ▁sports ▁and ▁ 7 6 ▁discipl ines . ▁ ▁This ▁games ▁held ▁in ▁H ua ▁Mak ▁Sports ▁Complex . ▁ ▁Ven ues ▁ ▁Cer emon ies ▁ ▁Open ing ▁ceremony ▁ ▁The ▁official ▁opening ▁ceremony ▁of ▁this ▁games ▁has ▁been ▁ 9 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁at ▁the ▁Raj am ang ala ▁National ▁Stadium ▁in ▁Bang k ok . ▁It ▁was ▁opened ▁by ▁Princess ▁Mah a ▁Ch ak ri ▁Sir ind horn . ▁The ▁torch ▁was ▁lit ▁by ▁Ann ▁Th ong pr as om , ▁Th ai ▁actress . ▁ ▁Cl osing ▁ceremony ▁ ▁The ▁official ▁closing ▁ceremony ▁of ▁this ▁games ▁has ▁been ▁ 2 0 ▁December ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁at ▁the ▁Raj am ang ala ▁National ▁Stadium ▁in ▁Bang k ok . ▁It ▁was ▁closed ▁by ▁B hum ib ol ▁A du ly
ade j , ▁King ▁of ▁Thailand . ▁ ▁Sports ▁ ▁Top ▁ 1 0 ▁Med als ▁ ▁Category : Th ailand ▁National ▁Games ▁Category : Multi - s port ▁events ▁in ▁Thailand ▁Thailand ▁National ▁Games <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁S aut aur isk i ▁mountain ▁( old ▁name : ▁" Mont ▁des ▁Lou ps ") ▁cul min ates ▁at ▁ ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁part ▁of ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁National ▁Park , ▁in ▁the ▁municip ality ▁of ▁Stone ham - et - T ew kes bury , ▁in ▁the ▁regional ▁county ▁municip ality ▁( M RC ) ▁of ▁La ▁Jacques - Cart ier , ▁in ▁the ▁administrative ▁region ▁of ▁Cap it ale - N ationale , ▁in ▁Quebec , ▁Canada . ▁ ▁Ge ography ▁ ▁The ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁S aut aur isk i ▁mountain ▁is ▁located ▁at : ▁▁ ▁north - east ▁of ▁the ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁river ; ▁▁ ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁con flu ence ▁of ▁the ▁S aut aur isk i ▁and ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁rivers ; ▁▁ ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁village ▁center ▁of ▁Stone ham - et - T ew kes bury ; ▁▁ ▁north - west ▁of ▁route ▁ 1 7 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁S aut aur isk i ▁mountain ▁is ▁wed ged ▁between ▁the ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁River ▁which ▁flows ▁on ▁the ▁south west ▁side ▁and ▁the ▁S aut aur isk i ▁River ▁which ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁east ▁side . ▁Access ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁mountain ▁is ▁easier ▁on ▁the ▁north ▁side .
▁The ▁east ▁and ▁south west ▁faces ▁have ▁steep ▁cl iffs . ▁ ▁Mountain ▁path ▁ ▁The ▁" Les ▁Lou ps " ▁trail ▁in ▁the ▁" S aut aur isk i ▁Mountain " ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁popular ▁with ▁h ik ers ▁in ▁the ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁National ▁Park . ▁Very ▁well ▁laid ▁out , ▁this ▁marked ▁trail ▁is ▁under ▁forest ▁cover . ▁This ▁trail ▁has ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁. ▁The ▁rather ▁steep ▁climb ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁route . ▁Half way , ▁the ▁path ▁arrives ▁at ▁a ▁first ▁look out ▁nest led ▁at ▁an ▁alt itude ▁of ▁. ▁This ▁bel ved ere ▁presents ▁a ▁magnificent ▁pan or ama ▁on ▁the ▁vert igin ous ▁walls ▁bord ering ▁the ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁river ▁on ▁the ▁south west ▁face ▁of ▁the ▁mountain . ▁The ▁next ▁segment ▁of ▁the ▁as cent ▁is ▁done ▁more ▁gradually ▁over ▁, ▁that ▁is ▁to ▁the ▁second ▁point ▁of ▁view . ▁Then , ▁the ▁path ▁becomes ▁narrow er ▁and ▁more ▁rug ged ▁along ▁the ▁sides ▁of ▁the ▁mountain . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁summit ▁( alt itude : ▁), ▁h ik ers ▁can ▁adm ire ▁a ▁magnificent ▁pan or ama ▁of ▁the ▁relief ▁of ▁the ▁La urent ian ▁Mountains , ▁the ▁val le ys ▁of ▁the ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁and ▁the ▁S aut aur isk i . ▁Gener ally , ▁during ▁the ▁week ends ▁of ▁September ▁until ▁Thank sg iving , ▁the ▁traffic ▁is ▁more ▁important ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁fol i age ▁which ▁ad opts ▁the ▁colors ▁of
▁autumn . ▁During ▁this ▁busy ▁period , ▁it ▁is ▁required ▁to ▁use ▁a ▁shut tle ▁service ▁from ▁the ▁Park ▁Dis covery ▁and ▁Access ▁Center ▁to ▁access ▁the ▁trail head ▁located ▁at ▁km ▁ 1 6 , ▁on ▁the ▁Che min ▁du ▁Par c - National . ▁The ▁entrance ▁to ▁Par c ▁national ▁de ▁la ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁ 1 0 3 ▁che min ▁du ▁Par c - National , ▁in ▁Stone ham - et - T ew kes bury , ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁of ▁Qu é bec . ▁ ▁Top onym y ▁ ▁The ▁to pon ym ▁" S aut aur isk i ▁mountain " ▁is ▁linked ▁to ▁the ▁to pon ym ▁of ▁the ▁river ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁ ▁The ▁to pon ym ▁" Mont agne ▁de ▁la ▁S aut aur isk i " ▁was ▁formal ized ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁at ▁the ▁Place ▁Names ▁Bank ▁of ▁the ▁Commission ▁de ▁to pon ym ie ▁du ▁Qu é bec . ▁ ▁Notes ▁and ▁references ▁ ▁Related ▁articles ▁▁ ▁La ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁Regional ▁County ▁Municip ality ▁ ▁Stone ham - et - T ew kes bury , ▁a ▁municip ality ▁ ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁National ▁Park ▁ ▁La urent ides ▁Wild life ▁Reserve ▁ ▁S aut aur isk i ▁River ▁ ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁River ▁ ▁Lac ▁Jacques - Cart ier ▁Mass if ▁ ▁Category : Land forms ▁of ▁Cap it ale - N ationale ▁Category : Mount
ains ▁of ▁Quebec <0x0A> </s> ▁King ri ▁is ▁a ▁T alu ka ▁in ▁District ▁Kh air pur ▁in ▁S ind h ▁province ▁of ▁Pakistan . ▁It ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁ 2 7 ° 3 4 ' 5 0 N ▁ 6 8 ° 3 6 ' 5 0 E ▁with ▁an ▁alt itude ▁of ▁ 5 0 ▁metres ▁( 1 6 7 ▁feet ). ▁ ▁People ▁from ▁King ri ▁▁ 1 . ▁Pir ▁S ib gh at ull ah ▁Shah ▁Th ani ▁a ka ▁" So or hi ya ▁Bad sh ah ", ▁who ▁was ▁a ▁freedom ▁fighter ▁against ▁British ▁Raj ▁and ▁was ▁arrested , ▁imprison ed , ▁killed ▁and ▁buried ▁at ▁an ▁unknown ▁place ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁by ▁British ▁rul ers ▁in ▁India . ▁▁ 2 . ▁Pir ▁Sy ed ▁Shah ▁M ard an ▁Shah ▁Pir ▁P ag aro , ▁a ▁son ▁of ▁" So or hi ya ▁Bad sh ah ". ▁He ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁spiritual ▁leader ▁of ▁" H urs " ▁like ▁his ▁ancestors ▁till ▁his ▁death ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁▁ 3 . ▁Pir ▁Sy ed ▁S ib gh at ull ah ▁Shah ▁is ▁the ▁current ▁" P ir ▁P ag aro " ▁and ▁spiritual ▁leader ▁of ▁" H urs ". ▁ ▁Pir ▁Jo ▁G oth ▁ ▁Pir ▁Jo ▁G oth ▁is ▁the ▁T alu ka ▁head qu arter ▁of ▁the ▁King ri ▁T alu ka ▁of ▁Kh air P ur ▁District . ▁Pir _ Jo _ G oth ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁
▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Kh air pur ▁District ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁S ind h ▁Category : K h air pur ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁Jean ne ▁B ek er , ▁ ▁( ; ▁born ▁ 1 9 ▁March ▁ 1 9 5 2 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Canadian ▁television ▁personality , ▁fashion ▁editor , ▁and ▁author . ▁ ▁Family ▁ ▁Jean ne ▁B ek er ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Toronto , ▁Ontario ▁to ▁father ▁Joseph ▁B ek er ▁and ▁mother ▁Bron ia ▁B ek er , ▁Hol oca ust ▁survivors ▁born ▁in ▁Kos owa , ▁Poland ▁who ▁immigr ated ▁to ▁Canada ▁from ▁a ▁displ aced ▁persons ▁camp ▁in ▁Austria . ▁Jean ne ▁was ▁previously ▁( from ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 9 8 ) ▁married ▁to ▁Toronto ▁radio ▁personality ▁Bob ▁M age e , ▁but ▁is ▁now ▁divor ced . ▁They ▁have ▁two ▁daughters ▁together . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁She ▁attended ▁high ▁school ▁at ▁William ▁Ly on ▁Mack enz ie ▁Col leg iate ▁Institute . ▁She ▁first ▁launched ▁her ▁career ▁as ▁an ▁actor , ▁landing ▁a ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁C BC ▁Television ▁sit com ▁T oby ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 . ▁She ▁subsequently ▁entered ▁the ▁theatre ▁program ▁at ▁York ▁University , ▁and ▁then ▁went ▁to ▁Paris ▁to ▁study ▁m ime ▁under ▁Ét ienne ▁Dec rou x . ▁She ▁then ▁returned ▁to ▁Canada , ▁working ▁for ▁C BC ▁Radio ▁as ▁an ▁arts ▁and ▁entertainment ▁reporter ▁in ▁St . ▁John ' s ▁while
▁purs uing ▁her ▁the atr ical ▁career . ▁ ▁Journal ism ▁career ▁ ▁B ek er ▁returned ▁to ▁Toronto ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 8 , ▁producing ▁daily ▁lifestyle ▁and ▁entertainment ▁features ▁for ▁ 1 0 5 0 ▁CH UM . ▁She ▁launched ▁ ▁City tv ' s ▁ground - breaking ▁music ▁magazine ▁show ▁The ▁New Music ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 9 ▁as ▁co - host ▁with ▁J . ▁D . ▁Roberts ▁and ▁also ▁became ▁an ▁entertainment ▁reporter ▁for ▁City P ulse . ▁She ▁briefly ▁hosted ▁Rock flash ▁news ▁segments ▁on ▁Much Music ▁when ▁that ▁station ▁was ▁launched , ▁hosted ▁Movie Tele vision , ▁and ▁produced ▁segments ▁for ▁Entertainment ▁Ton ight . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 5 , ▁B ek er ▁launched ▁@ F ashion , ▁the ▁Internet ' s ▁first - ever ▁fashion ▁website , ▁for ▁American ▁communication ▁giant ▁M CI . ▁ ▁From ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁B ek er ▁hosted ▁F ashion Tele vision , ▁the ▁role ▁with ▁which ▁she ▁is ▁most ▁fam ously ▁associated . ▁B ek er ▁hosted ▁the ▁program ▁and ▁acted ▁as ▁a ▁segment ▁producer ▁for ▁the ▁entire ty ▁of ▁the ▁program ▁run . ▁B ek er ▁announced ▁that ▁the ▁program ▁had ▁ce ased ▁production ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 , ▁via ▁Twitter , ▁stating : ▁" This ▁dream ▁is ▁over : ▁After ▁ 2 7 ▁gl orious ▁years , ▁FT ▁production ▁ce ased ▁today ." ▁Canadian ▁born ▁celebr ity ▁sty list ▁Brad ▁Go res ki
▁paid ▁t ribute ▁to ▁B ek er ▁and ▁the ▁program ▁upon ▁hearing ▁the ▁news ▁of ▁its ▁cancellation , ▁saying : ▁" She ▁reported ▁from ▁the ▁shows ▁in ▁Milan ▁and ▁New ▁York ▁with ▁such ▁intensity ▁— ▁as ▁if ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁war ▁correspond ent ▁reporting ▁from ▁the ▁front ▁lines ." ▁ ▁From ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁to ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁B ek er ▁hosted ▁fashion ▁and ▁entertainment ▁segments ▁for ▁Bell ▁Media ▁properties ▁including ▁C TV ▁News , ▁Canada ▁AM ▁and ▁The ▁Mar il yn ▁Den is ▁Show . ▁Sim ultane ously , ▁B ek er ▁wrote ▁articles ▁on ▁fashion ▁and ▁style ▁for ▁the ▁Toronto ▁Star , ▁The ▁Kit ▁and ▁The ▁Lo op . ▁ ▁B ek er ▁is ▁currently ▁a ▁column ist ▁for ▁The ▁Gl obe ▁and ▁Mail . ▁ ▁F ashion ▁Entre pre neur ship ▁ ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁to ▁ 2 0 0 2 , ▁B ek er ▁had ▁her ▁own ▁limited ▁edition ▁fashion ▁lines , ▁" Je anne ▁B ek er " ▁for ▁E aton ' s , ▁and ▁" In side ▁Out ▁by ▁Jean ne ▁B ek er " ▁with ▁S ears ▁Canada . ▁ ▁Begin ning ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁B ek er ▁released ▁a ▁clothing ▁line ▁entitled ▁' Edit ▁by ▁Jean ne ▁B ek er ' ▁at ▁The ▁Bay ▁of ▁which ▁she ▁directly ▁cur ates ▁a ▁collection ▁of ▁designer ▁clothing ▁for ▁Fall / W inter ▁and ▁Spring / Sum mer ▁seasons . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3
, ▁B ek er ▁released ▁a ▁line ▁of ▁foot wear ▁with ▁retail er ▁The ▁Sh oe ▁Company ▁and ▁a ▁line ▁of ▁ey ew ear ▁through ▁F Y SH ▁UK . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁B ek er ▁launched ▁a ▁caps ule ▁collection ▁of ▁clothing , ▁fashion ▁jewelry ▁and ▁ey ew ear ▁with ▁Rogers ▁Media ▁electronic ▁retail er ▁The ▁Shop ping ▁Channel . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁B ek er ▁launched ▁the ▁weekly ▁live ▁television ▁program ▁Style ▁Mat ters ▁with ▁Jean ne ▁B ek er ▁for ▁The ▁Shop ping ▁Channel , ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁presents ▁interviews ▁and ▁trend ▁stories ▁about ▁Shop ping ▁Channel ▁retail ers ▁while ▁also ▁selling ▁product ▁live ▁on ▁air . ▁ ▁Books ▁▁ ▁Jean ne ▁Un b ott led : ▁Advent ures ▁in ▁High ▁Style ▁( 2 0 0 1 , ▁St odd art , ▁) ▁ ▁The ▁Big ▁Night ▁Out ▁( 2 0 0 5 , ▁T und ra ▁Books , ▁) ▁ ▁Pass ion ▁for ▁F ashion : ▁Care ers ▁in ▁Style ▁( 2 0 0 8 , ▁T und ra ▁Books , ▁) ▁ ▁Str ut ting ▁It ! : ▁The ▁G rit ▁Behind ▁the ▁Gl am our ▁( 2 0 1 1 , ▁T und ra ▁Books , ▁) ▁ ▁F inding ▁M ys elf ▁in ▁F ashion ▁ ▁( 2 0 1 1 , ▁P engu in ▁Group , ▁) ▁ ▁Editor - in - ch ief ▁ ▁From ▁ 2 0 0 3 - 2 0 0 9
, ▁B ek er ▁was ▁the ▁editor - in - ch ief ▁of ▁F Q ▁Magazine ▁and ▁S IR , ▁published ▁by ▁Kont ent ▁Group ▁in ▁Toronto . ▁A ▁City tv ▁documentary ▁series ▁entitled ▁Cover ▁Stories ▁debut ed ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁following ▁B ek er ▁and ▁the ▁Kont ent ▁Group ▁team ▁as ▁they ▁publish ▁each ▁issue ▁of ▁F Q . ▁The ▁series ▁currently ▁re - run s ▁on ▁F ashion Tele vision Channel . ▁ ▁Ex cl us ives ▁and ▁features ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁B ek er ▁landed ▁an ▁exclusive ▁interview ▁with ▁designer ▁Valent ino ▁before ▁the ▁designer ▁announced ▁his ▁retirement ▁from ▁the ▁fashion ▁world . ▁The ▁interview ▁was ▁turned ▁into ▁an ▁authorized ▁bi ography ▁special ▁which ▁later ▁a ired ▁on ▁C TV ▁and ▁F ashion Tele vision Channel . ▁ ▁In ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁B ek er ▁joined ▁e T alk ▁hosts ▁T anya ▁Kim ▁and ▁Ben ▁Mul r oney , ▁along ▁with ▁reporters ▁Le ah ▁Miller ▁and ▁L ain ey , ▁in ▁Vancouver ▁to ▁cover ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Olympic ▁Winter ▁Games ▁for ▁C TV . ▁On ▁ 9 ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁she ▁carried ▁the ▁Olympic ▁flame ▁during ▁the ▁Tor ch ▁Rel ay ▁in ▁Lad ner , ▁British ▁Columbia . ▁ ▁B ek er ▁has ▁served ▁as ▁a ▁judge ▁on ▁Canadian ▁reality ▁television ▁show ▁Canada ' s ▁Next ▁Top ▁Model ▁for ▁the ▁past ▁three ▁cycles ▁ ▁and ▁appeared ▁in ▁an ▁episode
▁of ▁the ▁Rick ▁Mer cer ▁Report ▁that ▁a ired ▁on ▁ 3 ▁November ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Awards ▁ ▁B ek er ▁was ▁an ▁honor ary ▁chair ▁of ▁Toronto ' s ▁annual ▁F ashion ▁C ares , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁world ' s ▁largest ▁HIV / A IDS ▁fund raising ▁events . ▁She ▁is ▁also ▁on ▁the ▁honor ary ▁board ▁of ▁G ilda ' s ▁Club ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁involved ▁with ▁numerous ▁char itable ▁organizations ▁over ▁the ▁years . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁she ▁was ▁hon oured ▁with ▁the ▁prest igious ▁" C ry stal " ▁lifetime ▁achievement ▁award ▁by ▁Women ▁in ▁Film ▁and ▁Television . ▁B ek er ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁V antage ▁Women ▁of ▁Original ity ▁Award , ▁and ▁was ▁also ▁the ▁recipient ▁of ▁the ▁Var iety ▁Club ▁Diamond ▁Award . ▁ ▁B ek er ▁received ▁the ▁Special ▁Academy ▁A chie vement ▁Award ▁( for ▁exceptional ▁contributions ▁to ▁Canadian ▁TV ) ▁from ▁the ▁Canadian ▁Academy ▁of ▁Cin ema ▁and ▁Television ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁She ▁was ▁designated ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Canada ▁in ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Official ▁Jean ne ▁B ek er ▁Brand ▁Website ▁ ▁F ashion ▁Television ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁column ists ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁inf ot ainers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁Jews ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁people ▁of ▁Polish
- J ew ish ▁descent ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁television ▁hosts ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁television ▁journalists ▁Category : Children ▁of ▁Hol oca ust ▁survivors ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁women ▁non - f iction ▁writers ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁fashion ▁journalists ▁Category : Journal ists ▁from ▁Ontario ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Writ ers ▁from ▁Toronto ▁Category : F em ale ▁broad cas ters ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Canada ▁Category : W omen ▁column ists ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁women ▁television ▁journalists ▁Category : W omen ▁television ▁present ers <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Singapore an ▁Amb assador ▁in ▁Beijing ▁is ▁the ▁official ▁representative ▁of ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁in ▁Singapore ▁to ▁the ▁Government ▁of ▁the ▁People ' s ▁Republic ▁of ▁China . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁representatives ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : A mb ass ad ors ▁of ▁Singapore ▁to ▁China ▁China ▁Singapore <0x0A> </s> ▁Rud olf ▁Kel ter born ▁( born ▁ 3 ▁September ▁ 1 9 3 1 , ▁in ▁Bas el ) ▁is ▁a ▁Swiss ▁musician ▁and ▁composer . ▁ ▁Life ▁Kel ter born ▁studied ▁in ▁Bas el , ▁Det m old , ▁Sal z burg , ▁and ▁Z ür ich , ▁among ▁other ▁places , ▁with ▁the ▁compos ers ▁Wal ther ▁Ge iser , ▁Wil ly ▁Bur k hard , ▁Bor is ▁Bl acher , ▁G ün ter ▁B ial as , ▁and ▁Wol fg ang ▁Fort ner . ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁own ▁teaching ▁career , ▁Kel ter born ▁has ▁served

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