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▁black ▁boy , ▁This ▁shooting ▁of ▁James ▁Pow ell ▁was ▁murder !" ▁After ▁her ▁speech ▁the ▁cry ▁was ▁for ▁action ▁and ▁was ▁followed ▁by ▁Re ver end ▁Nelson ▁C . ▁D uk es ▁from ▁the ▁F ount ain ▁Springs ▁Bapt ist ▁Church ▁who , ▁after ▁his ▁ 2 0 ▁minutes ▁long ▁speech , ▁led ▁the ▁crowd ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 8 th ▁prec inct ▁supported ▁by ▁Black ▁National ist ▁Edward ▁M ills ▁Davis ▁and ▁James ▁Law son . ▁Upon ▁arrival , ▁the ▁police ▁department ▁was ▁in ▁motion ▁and ▁In spector ▁P ander g ast ▁accommod ated ▁the ▁committee ▁formed ▁by ▁D uk es , ▁Charles ▁Russell ▁( E ast ▁River ▁CO RE ), ▁Charles ▁Taylor ▁and ▁Newton ▁S ew ell ▁( Black ▁National ist ). ▁Their ▁only ▁demand ▁was ▁the ▁suspension ▁of ▁Lieutenant ▁Gill igan . ▁ ▁Day ▁ 4 : ▁Sunday , ▁July ▁ 1 9 , ▁through ▁Monday , ▁July ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁Commission er ▁Murphy ▁distributed ▁a ▁statement ▁to ▁every ▁church ▁in ▁Har lem ▁after ▁the ▁incident ▁of ▁Saturday ▁night . ▁He ▁stated : ▁“ In ▁our ▁estimation , ▁this ▁is ▁a ▁crime ▁problem ▁and ▁not ▁a ▁social ▁problem !" ▁Later ▁that ▁day , ▁Mal colm ▁X , ▁Black ▁National ist ▁Leader ▁answered , ▁" There ▁are ▁probably ▁more ▁armed ▁Negro es ▁in ▁Har lem ▁than ▁in ▁any ▁other ▁spot ▁on ▁earth " ▁- ▁" If ▁the ▁people ▁who ▁are ▁armed ▁get ▁involved ▁in ▁this , ▁you ▁can ▁bet ▁they ' ll ▁really ▁have
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▁something ▁on ▁their ▁hands ." ▁The ▁ant agon ism ▁between ▁the ▁community ▁and ▁the ▁New ▁York ▁Police ▁Department ▁height ened ▁as ▁ta unted ▁polic emen ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁fire men ▁who ▁would ▁later ▁use ▁h oses ▁on ▁protest ors ▁in ▁broad ▁day light ▁throughout ▁Sunday . ▁ ▁The ▁NY PD ▁conced ed ▁the ▁in effect iveness ▁of ▁tact ical ▁techniques , ▁such ▁as ▁mounted ▁police ▁and ▁tear ▁gas , ▁which ▁were ▁having ▁no ▁actual ▁effect ▁on ▁the ▁ro oft op ▁threat . ▁James ▁L . ▁Far mer , ▁Jr ., ▁national ▁director ▁of ▁CO RE , ▁who ▁attended ▁the ▁ri ot , ▁confirmed ▁the ▁assumption ▁of ▁police ▁brut ality ▁and ▁test ified ▁to ▁seeing ▁bullet ▁holes ▁in ▁windows ▁and ▁walls ▁of ▁the ▁Ther esa ▁Hotel . ▁He ▁also ▁claimed ▁In spector ▁P ander g ast ▁was ▁at ▁the ▁origin ▁of ▁the ▁ri ot . ▁ ▁Meanwhile , ▁a ▁meeting ▁of ▁the ▁Black ▁Cit iz ens ▁Council ▁had ▁taken ▁place ▁at ▁the ▁Mount ▁Morris ▁Pres by ter ian ▁Church . ▁The ▁overall ▁voice ▁was ▁for ▁" G uer illa ▁war fare !" ▁against ▁an ▁occup ying ▁NY PD , ▁but ▁the ▁vast ▁majority ▁agreed ▁on ▁thought ful ▁action . ▁" If ▁we ▁must ▁die , ▁we ▁must ▁die ▁scientific ally ." ▁Bay ard ▁R ust in , ▁engineer ▁of ▁the ▁March ▁on ▁Washington ▁and ▁the ▁New ▁York ' s ▁first ▁school ▁boy cott , ▁received ▁c ries ▁of ▁dis appro val ▁from ▁the ▁crowd ▁and ▁then ▁decided ▁to ▁lead ▁a ▁crew ▁of ▁ 7
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5 ▁volunteers ▁to ▁keep ▁an ▁out post ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 2 5 th ▁Street ▁and ▁ 8 th ▁Avenue , ▁const itut ing ▁an ▁a ide ▁for ▁teen agers ▁and ▁women ▁in ▁the ▁closing ▁ri ot . ▁Other ▁speakers ▁at ▁the ▁rally ▁tried ▁to ▁reason ▁with ▁the ▁crowd ▁to ▁join ▁in ▁a ▁peaceful ▁protest . ▁An ▁individual ▁didn ' t ▁want ▁to ▁be ▁phot ograp hed ▁and ▁brought ▁the ▁crowd ▁into ▁a ▁struggle , ▁beating ▁two ▁reporters . The ▁police ▁line ▁on ▁the ▁sidewalk ▁witnessed ▁the ▁scene ▁but ▁decided ▁not ▁to ▁move ▁or ▁to ▁interven e . ▁The ▁mob ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Del any ▁Fun eral ▁Home ▁where ▁a ▁service ▁for ▁Pow ell ' s ▁death ▁had ▁been ▁scheduled ▁for ▁ 8 ▁P . M . ▁At ▁that ▁point ▁someone ▁threw ▁a ▁bottle ▁at ▁the ▁police ▁and ▁the ▁police ▁threw ▁it ▁back ▁at ▁the ▁crowd . ▁The ▁ri ot ▁had ▁started ▁once ▁again . ▁Br icks ▁and ▁bottles ▁were ▁falling ▁from ▁ro oft ops ▁like ▁rain ▁from ▁clouds . ▁Bay ard ▁R ust in ▁and ▁other ▁speakers ▁were ▁trying ▁to ▁convince ▁the ▁ri ot ers ▁to ▁save ▁their ▁souls , ▁but ▁they ▁were ▁bo o ed ▁and ▁the ▁crowd ▁shouted ▁back ▁at ▁them : ▁" Tom , ▁Uncle ▁Tom ." ▁After ▁a ▁Mol ot ov ▁cock tail ▁had ▁been ▁thrown , ▁some ▁police ▁lowered ▁their ▁guns ▁and ▁wounded ▁two ▁young ▁men ▁as ▁they ▁charged . ▁The ▁ri ot ▁was ▁scattered ▁by ▁midnight ▁and ▁grew ▁out ▁of ▁proportion ▁once ▁again ▁after ▁some ▁disturb
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ance . ▁Many ▁Mol ot ov ▁C ock t ails ▁were ▁used ▁by ▁pro tes ters . ▁Two ▁more ▁young ▁men ▁were ▁wounded ▁by ▁bul lets ▁and ▁one ▁polic eman ▁had ▁a ▁heart ▁attack . ▁The ▁violence ▁ended ▁around ▁ 1 . 3 0 ▁A . M . ▁and ▁reports ▁counted ▁ 2 7 ▁polic emen ▁and ▁ 9 3 ▁civ ilians ▁injured , ▁ 1 0 8 ▁arrested ▁and ▁ 4 5 ▁stores ▁lo oted . ▁H osp itals ▁however ▁counted ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 ▁entries ▁in ▁their ▁reg ist ries . ▁ ▁Day ▁ 5 : ▁Monday , ▁July ▁ 2 0 , ▁through ▁Tuesday ▁Even ing , ▁July ▁ 2 1 ▁The ▁situation ▁was ▁quiet er ▁in ▁the ▁street ▁of ▁Har lem ▁on ▁Monday . ▁Paul ▁R . ▁Scre v ane ▁confirmed ▁that ▁a ▁New ▁York ▁County ▁grand ▁jury ▁would ▁look ▁into ▁the ▁murder ▁of ▁James ▁Pow ell ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁announced ▁Mayor ▁W agner ' s ▁h asty ▁return . ▁ ▁The ▁ri ot ▁started ▁after ▁the ▁UN ▁demonstr ation ▁to ▁protest ▁terror ism ▁and ▁gen oc ide ▁committed ▁against ▁Black ▁Americans . ▁The ▁events ▁that ▁followed ▁greatly ▁re sembled ▁those ▁of ▁the ▁Sunday ▁ri ot , ▁although ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁night , ▁a ▁reinforce ment ▁call ▁was ▁made ▁for ▁Bed ford - St uy ves ant , ▁fo resh adow ing ▁the ▁growing ▁social ▁issue ▁that ▁it ▁became . ▁ ▁The ▁Brooklyn ▁CO RE ▁branch ▁had ▁prepared ▁an ▁all - day
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▁march ▁for ▁Monday ▁in ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁ri ot ers ▁in ▁Har lem . ▁They ▁protest ed ▁the ▁shooting ▁of ▁the ▁young ▁Pow ell ▁and ▁den ounced ▁police ▁brut ality ▁against ▁Har le mit es . ▁After ▁blocking ▁four ▁main ▁inter sections ▁of ▁Bed ford - St uy ves ant , ▁the ▁CO RE ▁members ▁and ▁Brooklyn ites ▁assembled ▁at ▁N ost rand ▁and ▁F ult on ▁where ▁they ▁set ▁up ▁a ▁rally . ▁As ▁the ▁speakers ▁changed , ▁the ▁crowd ▁became ▁more ▁emotional ▁and ▁was ▁no ▁longer ▁paying ▁attention ▁to ▁the ▁rally . ▁The ▁police ▁enforcement , ▁which ▁had ▁kept ▁a ▁low ▁profile ▁in ▁Bed ford - St uy ves ant , ▁suddenly ▁called ▁for ▁reinforce ments . ▁CO RE ▁members ▁tried ▁to ▁control ▁the ▁crowd ▁and ▁in ▁a ▁last ▁attempt ▁told ▁them ▁to ▁go ▁back ▁home . ▁At ▁that ▁point , ▁a ▁thousand ▁people ▁were ▁standing ▁on ▁the ▁street ▁corner , ▁inf uri ated ▁and ▁ready ▁for ▁action . ▁To ▁the ▁sound ▁of ▁s ire ns ▁and ▁tires , ▁the ▁reinforce ments ▁arrived ▁at ▁their ▁destination ▁and ▁the ▁police ▁charged ▁the ▁mob , ▁making ▁no ▁apparent ▁distinction ▁between ▁innoc ents ▁and ▁enemies . ▁The ▁tum ult ▁stopped ▁a ▁little ▁after ▁ 7 ▁A . M . ▁and ▁CO RE ▁announced ▁a ▁new ▁rally ▁in ▁not ▁less ▁than ▁twelve ▁hours . ▁ ▁Day ▁ 6 : ▁Tuesday ▁night , ▁July ▁ 2 1 , ▁through ▁Wednesday , ▁July ▁ 2 2 ▁Tuesday ▁in ▁Brooklyn ▁started ▁by ▁a ▁meeting ▁of ▁all ▁V .
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I . P . ▁of ▁Black ▁organizations ▁with ▁Captain ▁Edward ▁Jen kins , ▁command ing ▁officer ▁of ▁the ▁ 7 9 th ▁prec inct , ▁at ▁the ▁Bed ford ▁Y M CA . ▁Over ▁the ▁day , ▁they ▁looked ▁at ▁pl aus ible ▁explan ations ▁of ▁the ▁ri ot ' s ▁cause ▁and ▁also ▁at ▁Lieutenant ▁Gill igan ' s ▁case . ▁ ▁That ▁night , ▁CO RE ' s ▁demonstr ation ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁Black ▁National ist ▁speakers ▁who , ▁every ▁week , ▁were ▁present ▁at ▁this ▁very ▁same ▁spot . ▁The ▁difference ▁is ▁that ▁on ▁a ▁regular ▁Tuesday ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁crowd ▁to ▁listen ▁to ▁them . ▁Tuesday , ▁July ▁ 2 1 , ▁was ▁certainly ▁an ▁opportunity ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁ordinary ▁for ▁the ▁Black ▁National ist ▁Party ▁to ▁spread ▁its ▁ideas ▁to ▁the ▁Black ▁community . ▁After ▁a ▁ 2 0 - minute ▁speech , ▁the ▁crowd ▁started ▁to ▁be ▁ag itated ▁even ▁though ▁the ▁speaker , ▁becoming ▁worried ▁about ▁the ▁situation , ▁changed ▁the ▁tone ▁of ▁what ▁he ▁was ▁saying ▁and ▁tried ▁to ▁convince ▁the ▁crowd ▁to ▁remain ▁calm . ▁The ▁ri ot ▁started ▁again ▁and ▁police ▁charged ▁the ▁mob ▁while ▁angry ▁ri oter ▁threw ▁bottles ▁and ▁debris ▁at ▁them . ▁Everything ▁was ▁under ▁control ▁by ▁ 2 ▁A . M . ▁on ▁Wednesday . ▁ ▁On ▁Wednesday ▁night , ▁a ▁tro op ▁of ▁mounted ▁police ▁was ▁set ▁at ▁the ▁four ▁corners ▁of ▁the ▁intersection ▁of ▁F ult on ▁and ▁N ost rand . ▁The ▁buildings ▁were ▁lower ▁and
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▁the ▁street ▁wider , ▁reducing ▁the ▁risk ▁of ▁using ▁horses ▁for ▁crowd ▁control . ▁A ▁sound ▁truck ▁with ▁a ▁NA AC P ▁logo ▁had ▁been ▁driving ▁down ▁the ▁streets ▁of ▁Bed ford - St uy ves ant ▁during ▁the ▁day ▁and ▁parked ▁where ▁the ▁Black ▁National ists ▁had ▁set ▁a ▁pod ium ▁on ▁the ▁day ▁before . ▁When ▁the ▁crowd ▁that ▁had ▁formed ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁the ▁truck ▁was ▁of ▁a ▁reasonable ▁size , ▁Fle ary , ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁NA AC P ▁workers , ▁addressed ▁the ▁crowd . ▁He ▁claimed ▁that ▁Bed ford - St uy ves ant ▁was ▁a ▁" commun ity ▁of ▁law ". ▁Furthermore , ▁he ▁insisted ▁that ▁ri ots ▁weren ' t ▁how ▁they ▁were ▁going ▁to ▁get ▁what ▁they ▁wanted . ▁The ▁mob ▁seemed ▁to ▁generally ▁agree ▁with ▁him ▁until ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁men , ▁among ▁them ▁four ▁were ▁wearing ▁a ▁green ▁ber et , ▁appeared ▁across ▁the ▁street ▁and ▁approached ▁the ▁sound ▁truck . ▁They ▁started ▁to ▁rock ▁the ▁truck ▁while ▁the ▁mob ▁got ▁more ▁and ▁more ▁ag itated . ▁Fle ary ▁will ▁remain ▁the ▁only ▁community ▁leader ▁affirm ing ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁external ▁ag it ators . ▁When ▁Fle ary ▁lost ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁micro phone , ▁the ▁police ▁charge ▁to ▁rescue ▁the ▁NA AC P ▁crew ▁had ▁the ▁effect ▁of ▁starting ▁another ▁ri ot . ▁ ▁After math ▁ ▁Statistics ▁vary ▁but ▁it ▁is ▁estimated ▁that ▁ 5 0 0 ▁persons ▁were ▁injured , ▁one ▁man ▁died ▁and ▁ 4 6 5 ▁men
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▁and ▁women ▁were ▁arrested . ▁Property ▁damage ▁was ▁estimated ▁to ▁be ▁between ▁$ 5 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁and ▁$ 1 ▁million . ▁ ▁In ▁September , ▁Gill igan ▁was ▁cleared ▁of ▁any ▁wrong do ing ▁by ▁a ▁grand ▁jury ▁and ▁charges ▁were ▁dropped . ▁He ▁always ▁maintained ▁Pow ell ▁had ▁lung ed ▁at ▁him ▁with ▁a ▁knife . ▁ ▁Project ▁U pl ift ▁( 1 9 6 5 ) ▁ ▁Project ▁U pl ift ▁was ▁a ▁major ▁short - term ▁program ▁of ▁the ▁Johnson ▁administration ' s ▁Great ▁Society ▁suite ▁of ▁social ▁welfare ▁programs . ▁An ▁experimental ▁anti - p overty ▁program ▁in ▁Har lem , ▁New ▁York , ▁in ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 6 5 , ▁it ▁was ▁intended ▁to ▁prevent ▁the ▁recur rence ▁of ▁the ▁ri ots ▁that ▁had ▁hit ▁the ▁community ▁the ▁summer ▁before . ▁ ▁Th ous ands ▁of ▁young ▁Har le mit es ▁were ▁employed ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁jobs ▁intended ▁in ▁the ▁short ▁run ▁to ▁keep ▁them ▁busy ▁and , ▁in ▁the ▁long ▁run , ▁to ▁give ▁them ▁skills ▁and ▁opportunities ▁to ▁break ▁out ▁of ▁poverty . ▁Young ▁people ▁were ▁employed ▁running ▁a ▁summer ▁camp , ▁plant ing ▁trees , ▁repair ing ▁damaged ▁buildings , ▁and ▁printing ▁a ▁newspaper . ▁Project s ▁included ▁a ▁Project ▁U pl ift ▁theater ▁program , ▁run ▁by ▁Le R oi ▁Jones , ▁and ▁a ▁dance ▁program . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Har lem ▁ri ot ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 5 , ▁trouble ▁that ▁began ▁after
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▁rum ors ▁circul ated ▁that ▁a ▁young ▁child ▁had ▁been ▁severely ▁beaten ▁by ▁a ▁shop keeper . ▁ ▁Har lem ▁ri ot ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 3 , ▁disturb ances ▁that ▁began ▁after ▁a ▁polic eman ▁shot ▁and ▁wounded ▁a ▁black ▁U . S . ▁Army ▁soldier . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁incidents ▁of ▁civil ▁un rest ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁ ▁The ▁Progress ive ▁Labor ▁Party , ▁whose ▁members ▁were ▁accused ▁by ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁law ▁enforcement ▁of ▁leading ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁ri ots . ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁incidents ▁of ▁civil ▁un rest ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁R W ▁Apple , ▁" Pol ice ▁Def end ▁the ▁Use ▁of ▁Gun fire ▁in ▁Cont rolling ▁R i ots ▁in ▁Har lem ", ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁ 7 / 2 1 / 6 4 . ▁ ▁Peter ▁K ih ss , ▁" S cre v ane ▁Link s ▁Red s ▁to ▁R i oting ", ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁ 7 / 2 2 / 6 4 ; ▁and ▁letters ▁in ▁response ▁on ▁ 7 / 2 4 / 6 4 . ▁ ▁Barbara ▁B enson , ▁Letter ▁to ▁Editor , ▁" Why ▁Har lem ▁Negro es ▁R iot ", ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁ 7 / 2 2 / 6 4 . ▁ ▁"' C as ual ty ' ▁List ▁in ▁Battle ▁of ▁Har lem ", ▁Amsterdam ▁News , ▁ 7 / 2 5 / 6
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4 ▁ ▁" In j ured ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Har lem ", ▁Amsterdam ▁News , ▁ 7 / 2 5 / 6 4 ▁ ▁George ▁Bar ner , ▁" The ▁Negro ▁Cop ▁in ▁a ▁Race ▁R iot ", ▁Amsterdam ▁News , ▁ 7 / 2 5 / 6 4 ▁ ▁" The ▁Total ▁in ▁R i ots ", ▁Amsterdam ▁News , ▁ 8 / l / 6 4 . ▁ ▁" R i oting ▁follows ▁a ▁common ▁pattern ", ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times , ▁ 8 / 3 0 / 6 4 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁A ▁history ▁of ▁the ▁Congress ▁of ▁R ac ial ▁Equ ality ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁ ▁Who ▁Spe aks ▁for ▁Har lem ? ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁ri ots ▁Category : 1 9 6 4 ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁history ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : A fr ican - American ▁ri ots ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : Har lem ▁Category : R i ots ▁and ▁civil ▁disorder ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁Category : J uly ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁events <0x0A> </s> ▁A rem - are m ▁is ▁an ▁Indones ian - J avan ese ▁sn ack ▁made ▁of ▁comp ressed ▁rice ▁cake ▁in ▁the ▁form ▁of ▁a ▁cyl inder ▁wrapped ▁inside ▁a ▁ban ana ▁leaf , ▁filled ▁with ▁d iced ▁vegetables , ▁tem pe h ▁or ▁on com , ▁sometimes ▁also ▁filled ▁with ▁min ced ▁meat ▁or ▁ab
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on ▁( be ef ▁fl oss ), ▁and ▁eaten ▁as ▁sn ack . ▁A rem - are m ▁is ▁often ▁described ▁as ▁a ▁smaller ▁size ▁l ont ong ▁sn ack ▁with ▁fill ings , ▁thus ▁sometimes ▁also ▁called ▁l ont ong ▁is i ▁( lit . ▁" filled ▁l ont ong "). ▁ ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁common ▁sn ack ▁in ▁Java , ▁and ▁commonly ▁found ▁in ▁Indones ian ▁market pl aces ▁as ▁j aj an ▁pas ar ▁(" market ▁m unch ies ") ▁as ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁k ue ▁( sn ack ) ▁offered ▁there . ▁A rem - are m ▁is ▁often ▁served ▁as ▁traditional ▁ceremony , ▁family ▁gathering , ▁birthday , ▁office ▁meetings , ▁and ▁often ▁presented ▁in ▁a ▁sn ack ▁box . ▁It ▁is ▁quite ▁similar ▁to ▁le m per , ▁but ▁use ▁common ▁rice ▁instead ▁of ▁stick y ▁rice ▁le m per . ▁ ▁Vari ants ▁and ▁fill ings ▁The ▁rice ▁is ▁flav ored ▁with ▁coc on ut ▁milk , ▁and ▁stuffed ▁with ▁d iced ▁vegetables ▁( car rot , ▁common ▁bean ▁and ▁pot ato ), ▁cooked ▁min ced ▁meat ▁( be ef ▁or ▁chicken ), ▁ab on ▁( be ef ▁fl oss ), ▁or ▁to fu , ▁on com ▁and ▁tem pe h . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁lot ▁of ▁are m - are m ▁vari ants , ▁mostly ▁differ ▁according ▁to ▁its ▁fill ings , ▁the ▁availability ▁of ▁ingredients , ▁and ▁also ▁creativity ▁of ▁the ▁creator . ▁ ▁A rem - are m ▁is ▁usually ▁uses ▁thin ▁young
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▁ban ana ▁leaf ▁as ▁wrapper , ▁a ▁thin ▁light ▁yellow - green ▁colored ▁ban ana ▁leaf . ▁L ont ong ▁on ▁the ▁other ▁hand , ▁usually ▁uses ▁thick er ▁mature ▁ban ana ▁leaf . ▁The ▁texture ▁of ▁are m - are m ▁sn ack ▁is ▁usually ▁so fter ▁compared ▁to ▁those ▁of ▁common ▁l ont ong ▁or ▁stick y ▁le m per , ▁due ▁to ▁th inner ▁ban ana ▁leaf , ▁addition ▁of ▁coc on ut ▁milk ▁and ▁prolong ed ▁ste aming ▁or ▁bo iling ▁period . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Past il ▁ ▁Bak ch ang ▁ ▁Bur asa ▁ ▁Lem per ▁ ▁L ep et ▁Tam ale ▁ ▁On ig iri ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ 1 5 ▁variations ▁of ▁A rem - are m ▁recipes ▁( In ▁Indones ian ) ▁ ▁Category : J avan ese ▁cu isine ▁Category : Ind ones ian ▁cu isine ▁Category : Ind ones ian ▁sn ack ▁foods ▁Category : Ind ones ian ▁rice ▁dishes <0x0A> </s> ▁Christ ▁Church ▁Boys ' ▁Senior ▁Second ary ▁School ( Est t ▁ 1 8 7 0 ) ▁is ▁a ▁private ▁school ▁in ▁J ab al pur , ▁Mad h ya ▁Pr adesh , ▁India . ▁It ▁is ▁an ▁English ▁medium ▁school . ▁The ▁school ▁has ▁about ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁students . ▁The ▁school ▁functions ▁under ▁the ▁Di oc ese ▁of ▁J ab al pur ▁( Ch urch ▁of ▁North ▁India ). ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁Christ ▁Church ▁School ▁had ▁its ▁beg innings ▁in
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▁the ▁vest ry ▁of ▁Christ ▁Church ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 0 , ▁and ▁was ▁then ▁known ▁as ▁Christ ▁Church ▁School . ▁The ▁school ▁was ▁founded ▁on ▁ 1 ▁November ▁ 1 8 7 6 ▁by ▁Rev . ▁Draw ridge . ▁The ▁school ▁started ▁with ▁three ▁students ▁and ▁now ▁there ▁are ▁over ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁students ▁at ▁the ▁school , ▁and ▁ 1 0 1 ▁members ▁on ▁the ▁teaching ▁and ▁office ▁staff . M ah ant ▁Sw ami ▁Mah ar aj , ▁the ▁current ▁president ▁and ▁the ▁spiritual ▁g uru ▁of ▁[[ B AP SS ch ool ▁Web ▁Site ▁Sw amin ar ay an ▁San st ha ]] ▁is ▁a ▁notable ▁al umn i ▁of ▁Christ ▁Church ▁Boys ' ▁Senior ▁Second ary ▁School . ▁ ▁The ▁school ▁has ▁a ▁separate ▁branch ▁for ▁girls , ▁named ▁as ▁Christ ▁Church ▁Girls ' ▁Senior ▁Second ary ▁School . ▁These ▁two ▁schools ▁are ▁located ▁on ▁the ▁opposite ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁road . ▁E arlier , ▁the ▁school ▁delivered ▁co - educ ation , ▁but ▁later , ▁it ▁was ▁split ▁up ▁into ▁Boys ' ▁and ▁Girls ' ▁school , ▁both ▁being ▁affili ated ▁to ▁Central ▁Board ▁of ▁Second ary ▁Education ▁now . ▁E arlier ▁the ▁school ▁was ▁affili ated ▁to ▁MP B SE ▁( MP ▁Board ) ▁and ▁C IS CE . ▁IC SE ▁is ▁now ▁functions ▁as ▁a ▁separate ▁wing ▁named ▁IC SE ▁wing ▁( Christ ▁Church ▁School ▁for ▁Boys ▁and ▁Girls ) ▁which ▁ ▁del ivers ▁co - educ ation . ▁
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▁Sports ▁and ▁cultural ▁activities ▁ ▁The ▁school ▁has ▁a ▁special ▁type ▁of ▁physical ▁exercise ▁term ed ▁as ▁torch light ▁is ▁a ▁special ▁highlight ▁of ▁the ▁school . ▁Since ▁ 1 9 0 4 ▁CE ▁it ▁is ▁included ▁in ▁the ▁annual ▁sports ▁in ▁which ▁burning ▁tor ches ▁are ▁used ▁to ▁perform ▁a ▁scen ic ▁synchron ised ▁exercise . ▁In ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁D . V . ▁Beat son ▁added ▁the ▁Beat son ▁exercise . ▁ ▁Not able ▁Al umn i ▁ ▁Kenn eth ▁St ur geon ▁, John ▁Buch an an , M ann ▁Singh , David ▁Dev adas an . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁{ Sch ools ▁Website } ▁ ▁Category : Ch urch ▁of ▁North ▁India ▁schools ▁Category : Christ ian ▁schools ▁in ▁Mad h ya ▁Pr adesh ▁Category : High ▁schools ▁and ▁secondary ▁schools ▁in ▁Mad h ya ▁Pr adesh ▁Category : E duc ation ▁in ▁J ab al pur <0x0A> </s> ▁De ▁la ▁font aine , ▁De ▁La font aine ▁or ▁Del af ont aine ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁M adem ois elle ▁De ▁La font aine , ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁La ▁Font aine , ▁( 1 6 5 5 – 1 7 3 8 ), ▁French ▁ball er ina ▁regarded ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁female ▁professional ▁bal let ▁d ancer ▁▁ ▁Ag at he ▁de ▁La ▁Font aine ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 2 ), ▁French ▁actress ▁ ▁Ben o ît ▁M ott et ▁de ▁La ▁Font aine ▁( 1 7 4
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5 – 1 8 2 0 ), ▁French ▁officer ▁in ▁the ▁navy ▁and ▁colon ies ▁ministry ▁ ▁Christ op he ▁de ▁la ▁Font aine ▁( born ▁ 1 9 7 6 ), ▁industrial ▁designer ▁working ▁and ▁living ▁in ▁Germany ▁ ▁Ed mond ▁de ▁la ▁Font aine ▁( 1 8 2 3 – 1 8 9 1 ), ▁Luxem bourg ian ▁jur ist , ▁poet , ▁and ▁ly ric ist ▁ ▁G asp ard - Th é od ore - Ign ace ▁de ▁la ▁Font aine ▁( 1 7 8 7 – 1 8 7 1 ), ▁Luxem bourg ish ▁politician ▁and ▁jur ist ▁ ▁Jacques ▁de ▁La font aine ▁de ▁Bel c our ▁( 1 7 0 4 – 1 7 6 5 ), ▁French ▁entrepreneur ▁involved ▁in ▁various ▁business ▁vent ures ▁in ▁New ▁France ▁▁ ▁Jean ▁de ▁La ▁Font aine ▁( 1 6 2 1 – 1 6 9 5 ), ▁French ▁fab ul ist ▁and ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁most ▁widely ▁read ▁French ▁po ets ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 7 th ▁century ▁ ▁Lé on ▁de ▁la ▁Font aine ▁( 1 8 1 9 – 1 8 9 2 ), ▁Luxem bourg ish ▁lawyer , ▁politician ▁and ▁bot an ist ▁ ▁Marc ▁Del af ont aine ▁( 1 8 3 7 – 1 9 1 1 ), ▁Swiss ▁chem ist ▁who ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 8 , ▁along ▁with ▁Jacques - Lou is ▁S oret , ▁first ▁observed ▁hol m ium ▁spect ro sc op ically ▁ ▁Nicholas ▁de ▁la ▁Font
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aine , ▁Protest ant ▁refuge e ▁in ▁Gen eva ▁and ▁secretary ▁of ▁John ▁Cal vin ▁ ▁Pierre - Max imil ien ▁Del af ont aine ▁( 1 7 7 7 – 1 8 6 0 ), ▁French ▁painter ▁ ▁Robert ▁le ▁Ma ç on , ▁Sie ur ▁de ▁la ▁Font aine ▁( c . ▁ 1 5 3 4 – 1 6 1 1 ), ▁French ▁Re formed ▁minister ▁and ▁diplom at . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Ch âteau ▁de ▁la ▁Font aine ▁( dis ambigu ation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Christian e ▁Merc el is ▁( born ▁ 5 ▁October ▁ 1 9 3 1 ) ▁is ▁a ▁Belg ian ▁former ▁tennis ▁player ▁active ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 0 s ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 0 s . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 9 , ▁Merc el is ▁won ▁the ▁Girls ' ▁Singles ▁of ▁the ▁W im bled on ▁Championships . ▁She ▁competed ▁every ▁year ▁at ▁W im bled on ▁between ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁French ▁Open ▁between ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁and ▁ 1 9 6 5 . ▁In ▁the ▁French ▁Open , ▁she ▁reached ▁the ▁quarter - fin als ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 . ▁ ▁Merc el is ▁played ▁for ▁Belgium ▁in ▁the ▁Federation ▁Cup ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 3 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁and ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁to ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁losing ▁all ▁five
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▁singles ▁matches , ▁and ▁winning ▁two ▁of ▁her ▁eight ▁dou bles ▁matches . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁oldest ▁player ▁to ▁have ▁played ▁for ▁Belgium ▁at ▁ 3 7 ▁years ▁ 2 3 1 ▁days ▁in ▁her ▁last ▁dou bles ▁match ▁against ▁South ▁Africa ▁on ▁ 2 4 ▁May ▁ 1 9 6 9 , ▁which ▁she ▁won ▁partner ing ▁Miche le ▁K ahn . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁Belg ian ▁T ennis ▁Championships . ▁she ▁won ▁ 1 3 ▁singles ▁titles , ▁ 1 4 ▁women ' s ▁dou bles ▁titles , ▁and ▁ 1 6 ▁mixed ▁dou bles ▁titles , ▁of ▁which ▁ 1 3 ▁were ▁partner ing ▁Jack y ▁Br ich ant . ▁ ▁Tit les ▁Merc el is ▁won ▁ 1 7 ▁singles ▁and ▁ 1 7 ▁dou bles ▁titles ▁in ▁official ▁tour naments . ▁ ▁Singles ▁ 1 9 5 6 : ▁Nice ▁ 1 9 5 7 : ▁Cann es , ▁Nice , ▁A ix - en - Prov ence ▁ 1 9 5 9 : ▁C olog ne , ▁Moscow , ▁Br uss els ▁ 1 9 6 0 : ▁Br uss els , ▁Kent ▁ 1 9 6 1 : ▁Cann es , ▁Br uss els , ▁Kn ok ke , ▁Hil vers um ) ▁ 1 9 6 3 : ▁Le ▁T ou quet ▁ 1 9 6 4 : ▁Br uss els , ▁Kn ok ke ▁ 1 9 6 5 : ▁Br uss els ▁ ▁Dou bles ▁ 1 9 5 5 : ▁Rome ▁
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1 9 5 7 : ▁Nice , ▁Ant werp ▁ 1 9 6 0 : ▁Kn ok ke , ▁G sta ad ▁ 1 9 6 1 : ▁Br uss els , ▁Ant werp , ▁Amsterdam , ▁Hil vers um ) ▁ 1 9 6 2 : ▁B rem en , ▁Cann es , ▁Nice ▁ 1 9 6 3 : ▁Ost end ▁ 1 9 6 4 : ▁Kn ok ke , ▁M ent on ▁ 1 9 6 5 : ▁Kn ok ke ▁ 1 9 6 8 : ▁O ost ende ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 3 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : Bel g ian ▁female ▁tennis ▁players ▁Category : Gr and ▁Sl am ▁( ten nis ) ▁champions ▁in ▁girls ' ▁singles ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : W im bled on ▁junior ▁champions <0x0A> </s> ▁Autom ani ac ▁was ▁a ▁TV ▁show ▁hosted ▁by ▁former ▁professional ▁wrest ler ▁Bill ▁Gold berg . ▁In ▁each ▁episode , ▁Gold berg ▁told ▁the ▁story ▁of ▁a ▁particular ▁type ▁of ▁vehicle : ▁its ▁origins , ▁its ▁designers , ▁etc . ▁The ▁show ▁a ired ▁on ▁Wed nes days ▁at ▁ 1 1 ▁PM ▁E ST / 1 0 ▁PM ▁C ST ▁on ▁The ▁History ▁Channel ▁and ▁was ▁cancel ed ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 5 . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁The ▁History ▁Channel ▁page ▁for ▁Autom ani ac ▁ ▁Category : Aut omot ive
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▁television ▁series ▁Category : History ▁( American ▁TV ▁channel ) ▁original ▁programming <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁Japanese ▁castle ▁located ▁in ▁N oda , ▁north western ▁Ch iba ▁P ref ect ure , ▁Japan . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁E do ▁period , ▁S ek iy ado ▁Castle ▁was ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁K use ▁clan , ▁da im y ō ▁of ▁S ek iy ado ▁Dom ain . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁S ek iy ado ▁is ▁located ▁at ▁the ▁con flu ence ▁of ▁the ▁T one ▁River ▁and ▁the ▁Ed og awa ▁River , ▁and ▁was ▁thus ▁a ▁strategic ▁location ▁controlling ▁river ▁traffic ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁K ant ō ▁region , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁nort he astern ▁approaches ▁to ▁E do . ▁A ▁fort ification ▁was ▁built ▁on ▁this ▁location ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁Mur om achi ▁period ▁by ▁either ▁Y ad oya ▁M its us u ke ▁( 1 3 9 5 - 1 4 3 8 ) ▁or ▁Y ad oya ▁Sh iges u ke ▁( d . ▁ 1 5 1 2 ). ▁It ▁was ▁destroyed ▁during ▁a ▁campaign ▁by ▁the ▁Later ▁H ō j ō ▁clan ▁of ▁Od aw ara ▁to ▁con quer ▁the ▁K ant ō ▁region ▁from ▁ 1 5 6 5 - 1 5 7 4 . ▁ ▁After ▁the ▁H ō j ō ▁clan ▁was ▁destroyed ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Od aw ara , ▁they ▁were ▁sup pl anted ▁by ▁Tok ug awa ▁I ey as u , ▁the ▁castle ▁was ▁recon struct ed ▁by
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▁M ats ud air a ▁Y as um oto ▁in ▁ 1 5 9 0 . ▁ ▁Under ▁the ▁Tok ug awa ▁Sh og unate , ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁T one ▁River ▁was ▁di verted ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 4 ▁to ▁prevent ▁flo oding ▁in ▁E do . ▁The ▁new ▁mouth ▁of ▁the ▁T one ▁River ▁was ▁moved ▁from ▁E do ▁Bay ▁to ▁north ▁of ▁the ▁B ō s ō ▁Pen insula , ▁which ▁greatly ▁hind ered ▁river ▁transportation . ▁The ▁da im y ō ▁of ▁S ek iy ado ▁Dom ain , ▁It ak ura ▁Sh ig ets une , ▁took ▁advantage ▁of ▁this ▁situation ▁to ▁construct ▁a ▁canal ▁joining ▁the ▁T one ▁River ▁with ▁the ▁Ed og awa ▁River ▁at ▁S ek iy ado , ▁which ▁greatly ▁short ened ▁the ▁voyage ▁and ▁enhanced ▁the ▁reven ues ▁of ▁his ▁domain . ▁ ▁When ▁the ▁castle ▁was ▁recon struct ed ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 1 , ▁the ▁new ▁don jon ▁was ▁constructed ▁as ▁a ▁copy ▁of ▁the ▁three - story ▁F uj imi ▁Y ag ura ▁of ▁E do ▁Castle . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁Me iji ▁Rest oration , ▁the ▁new ▁Me iji ▁government ▁ordered ▁the ▁destruction ▁of ▁all ▁former ▁fe ud al ▁fort ifications . ▁The ▁outer ▁buildings ▁of ▁the ▁castle ▁had ▁already ▁been ▁lost ▁in ▁a ▁fire ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 0 , ▁and ▁the ▁remaining ▁structures ▁were ▁abandoned ▁in ▁compliance ▁with ▁this ▁direct ive ▁in ▁ 1 8 7 2 , ▁and ▁pulled ▁down ▁by ▁
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1 8 7 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁current ▁don jon ▁was ▁recon struct ed ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 ▁to ▁boost ▁local ▁tour ism ▁and ▁to ▁function ▁as ▁an ▁an nex ▁to ▁the ▁local ▁S ek iy ado ▁Castle ▁Museum . ▁However , ▁the ▁recon struct ed ▁buildings ▁are ▁not ▁on ▁the ▁original ▁found ations , ▁nor ▁are ▁the ▁buildings ▁histor ically ▁accurate , ▁as ▁they ▁have ▁been ▁model ed ▁on ▁“ typ ical ” ▁examples ▁from ▁other ▁cast les . ▁ ▁Liter ature ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁S ek iy ado ▁Castle ▁J castle ▁Profile ▁S ek iy ado ▁Castle ▁Museum ▁home ▁page ▁ ▁Category : Cast les ▁in ▁Ch iba ▁P ref ect ure ▁Category : M useum s ▁in ▁Ch iba ▁P ref ect ure ▁Category : History ▁museum s ▁in ▁Japan ▁Category : Hist oric ▁S ites ▁of ▁Japan ▁Category : Form er ▁cast les ▁in ▁Japan ▁Category : R u ined ▁cast les ▁in ▁Japan <0x0A> </s> ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁ 1 4 ▁or ▁ 1 5 ▁Kre ise ▁( English : ▁count ies ) ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁administrative ▁district ▁of ▁B rom berg , ▁in ▁the ▁Pr ussian ▁province ▁of ▁P osen . ▁The ▁county ▁existed ▁with ▁essentially ▁the ▁same ▁boundaries ▁beginning ▁in ▁ 1 8 1 5 ▁as ▁a ▁German ▁Kre ise ▁then ▁from ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁as ▁a ▁Polish ▁Pow iat ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 5 . ▁Its ▁administrative ▁center ▁was ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁W
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yr z ysk ▁( W irs itz ). ▁The ▁county ▁contained ▁additional ▁municipal ities ▁such ▁as ▁ ▁B ial os li wie , ▁L ob zen ica ▁( L obs ens ), ▁M ias te cz ko ▁K ra je ńsk ie ▁( F ried heim ), ▁M roc za ▁( M rot schen ), ▁Nak ło ▁nad ▁Not ec ią ▁( N ak el ), ▁ ▁Sad ki ▁and ▁W ys oka ▁( W isse k ) ▁plus ▁over ▁ 1 0 0 ▁villages . ▁Many ▁villages ▁that ▁had ▁German ic ▁names ▁were ▁changed ▁to ▁completely ▁different ▁Polish ▁names ▁following ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁such ▁as ▁Rad z icz ▁( former ly ▁Herm ann sd orf ). ▁In ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁the ▁central ▁government ▁abol ished ▁the ▁commune ▁( Pol ish : ▁gmin a ) ▁as ▁the ▁smallest ▁unit ▁of ▁government , ▁divid ing ▁the ▁county ▁into ▁ 2 8 ▁clusters . ▁In ▁ 1 9 7 3 ▁municipal ities ▁were ▁restored . ▁After ▁the ▁administrative ▁reform ▁of ▁ 1 9 7 5 , ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁county ▁was ▁divided ▁between ▁the ▁new ▁( lower ) ▁region ▁of ▁By d gos z cz ▁and ▁the ▁region ▁Pi ła . ▁The ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁def unct ▁county ▁was ▁an nex ed ▁by ▁Nak lo ▁County , ▁K uj aw y - P omer ania ▁Province ▁and ▁P ila ▁County , ▁W iel k opol ska ▁Province . ▁The ▁county ▁was ▁not ▁restored ▁in ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 9 9 9
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▁and ▁W yr z ysk ▁was ▁incorporated ▁into ▁P ila ▁County . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁area ▁around ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁W yr z ysk , ▁then ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁D uch y ▁of ▁Wars aw , ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Grand ▁D uch y ▁of ▁P osen ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 8 1 5 ▁as ▁accord ed ▁at ▁the ▁Congress ▁of ▁Vienna . ▁The ▁rather ▁tit ul ary ▁Grand ▁D uch y ▁of ▁P osen , ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁Ho hen z oll ern , ▁the ▁ruling ▁family ▁in ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Pr ussia , ▁was ▁in ▁fact ▁an ▁autonom ous ▁province ▁within ▁Pr ussia , ▁but ▁not ▁belonging ▁to ▁those ▁territor ies ▁covered ▁by ▁the ▁loose ▁league ▁called ▁the ▁German ▁Confeder ation . ▁Its ▁constitutional ▁peculiar ity ▁had ▁been ▁abol ished ▁on ▁December ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 8 4 8 ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁converted ▁into ▁the ▁Pr ussian ▁Province ▁of ▁P osen , ▁by ▁way ▁of ▁which ▁it ▁was ▁transformed ▁into ▁one ▁of ▁Pr ussia ' s ▁regional ▁sub div isions , ▁but ▁still ▁no ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁Confeder ation . ▁ ▁On ▁July ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 8 1 6 ▁the ▁county ▁of ▁W yr z ysk ▁( G erman : ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ) ▁was ▁formed . ▁ ▁After ▁a ▁territor ial ▁re organ isation ▁within ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Pr ussia ▁the ▁borders ▁of ▁the ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ▁were ▁partly ▁red rawn ▁so ▁that ▁by ▁January ▁ 1
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, ▁ 1 8 1 8 ▁the ▁municip ality ▁of ▁K c yn ia ▁( G erman : ▁Ex in ) ▁became ▁a ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁neighbour ing ▁county ▁of ▁Sch ub in ▁( Pol ish : ▁Sz ub in ). ▁ ▁The ▁town ▁of ▁W yr z ysk ▁( G erman : ▁W irs itz ) ▁dom ic iled ▁the ▁county ▁administration . ▁ ▁Being ▁an ▁administrative ▁unit ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁Pr ussia ▁the ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ▁joined ▁the ▁newly ▁founded ▁North ▁German ▁Confeder ation ▁in ▁July ▁ 1 8 6 7 , ▁becoming ▁thereby ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁part ▁of ▁ ▁a ▁German ▁common wealth . ▁ ▁By ▁way ▁of ▁un ification ▁of ▁German ▁states ▁the ▁North ▁German ▁Confeder ation ▁had ▁been ▁en larg ed ▁by ▁southern ▁German ▁states ▁and ▁constitution ally ▁rein forced ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁united ▁Germany ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 8 7 1 ▁with ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ▁being ▁part ▁of ▁it . ▁ ▁The ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁German ▁parliament ▁( G erman : ▁Reich st ag ) ▁forming ▁the ▁Polish ▁National ▁Democratic ▁Party ▁( Pol ish : ▁Str on n ict wo ▁Nar od owo - Dem okrat ycz ne ), ▁led ▁by ▁W ład ys ław ▁T acz an owski ▁( 1 8 2 5 – 1 8 9 3 ), ▁protest ed ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 8 7 1 ▁in ▁the ▁parliament ▁of ▁the ▁newly ▁founded ▁united ▁Germany ▁against ▁Pr ussia ▁joining ▁with ▁all
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▁her ▁provin ces ▁united ▁Germany . ▁ ▁On ▁December ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁the ▁U pr ising ▁of ▁Gre ater ▁Poland ▁started ▁and ▁involved ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁Pr ussian ▁Province ▁of ▁P osen , ▁where ▁Germans , ▁identifying ▁themselves ▁as ▁being ▁Polish , ▁formed ▁the ▁majority ▁and ▁fought ▁against ▁the ▁Pr ussian ▁rule ▁in ▁that ▁province , ▁forming ▁the ▁historical ▁landscape ▁named ▁Gre ater ▁Poland . ▁While ▁the ▁U pr ising , ▁term inated ▁by ▁a ▁German - Pol ish ▁ce ase fire ▁agreed ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 1 9 , ▁led ▁to ▁an ▁end ▁of ▁German ▁rule ▁in ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁P osen , ▁its ▁northern ▁out sk irts ▁including ▁the ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ▁remained ▁calm ▁and ▁under ▁German ▁control . ▁This ▁may ▁be ▁because ▁some ▁ 6 4 - 5 3 % ▁of ▁the ▁population ▁( fig ures ▁of ▁ 1 8 9 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 1 0 ) ▁in ▁the ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ▁consisted ▁of ▁Germans , ▁identifying ▁themselves ▁as ▁being ▁German ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁ 3 6 % ▁of ▁ethnic ▁Germans , ▁identifying ▁themselves ▁as ▁being ▁Polish ▁nation als ▁( fig ures ▁from ▁German ▁census ▁of ▁ 1 8 9 0 ). ▁ ▁Pow iat ▁W yr z ys ki ▁( 1 9 1 9 - 1 9 3 9 ) ▁By ▁the ▁Treat y ▁of ▁Vers a illes ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 1 9
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1 9 ▁Germany ▁c ed ed ▁the ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ▁to ▁the ▁newly ▁re est ab lished ▁Poland . ▁On ▁November ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 1 9 ▁both ▁countries ▁agreed ▁upon ▁how ▁to ▁hand ▁over ▁the ▁territor ies ▁c ed ed ▁to ▁Poland , ▁but ▁still ▁held ▁by ▁Germany . ▁This ▁agreement ▁was ▁rat ified ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 2 0 . ▁So ▁official ▁representatives ▁of ▁Germany ▁( s old iers , ▁government ▁officials ▁and ▁the ▁like ) ▁left ▁the ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ▁between ▁January ▁ 1 7 ▁and ▁February ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 2 0 ▁which ▁was ▁then ▁fact ually ▁taken ▁over ▁by ▁Poland . ▁ ▁The ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ▁officially ▁became ▁the ▁pow iat ▁W yr z ys ki ▁( Pol ish ▁for ▁county ▁of ▁W yr z ysk ). ▁The ▁population ▁of ▁c ed ed ▁territor ies ▁was ▁entitled ▁to ▁choose ▁to ▁become ▁Pol es ▁or ▁remain ▁Germans . ▁Many ▁em igr ated ▁to ▁Germany ▁( so - called ▁opt ants , ▁who ▁opt ed ▁not ▁to ▁become ▁Pol es ), ▁especially ▁those ▁who ▁did ▁identify ▁themselves ▁as ▁being ▁German . ▁This ▁em igration ▁and ▁in tra - Pol ish ▁migration ▁resulted ▁in ▁figures ▁as ▁measured ▁in ▁the ▁Polish ▁census ▁of ▁ 1 9 3 1 . ▁Then ▁ 2 0 , 5 % ▁of ▁the ▁county ' s ▁population ▁were ▁Pol es , ▁identifying ▁themselves ▁as ▁being ▁German . ▁ ▁On ▁April ▁
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1 , ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁the ▁pow iat ▁W yr z ys ki ▁was ▁c ed ed ▁from ▁the ▁Poz na ń ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁( the ▁Polish ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁Province ▁of ▁P osen ), ▁to ▁the ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁of ▁P omer ania ▁which ▁was ▁renamed ▁the ▁Gre ater ▁P omer ania ▁( Pol ish : ▁W oj ew ód zt wo ▁W iel k op om ors kie ). ▁Cover ing ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁territory ▁of ▁historical ▁P omer elia ▁this ▁vo iv odes hip ▁is ▁also ▁called ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁of ▁P omer elia , ▁to ▁avoid ▁confusion ▁with ▁the ▁Pr ussian ▁Province ▁of ▁P omer ania , ▁with ▁the ▁Free ▁State ▁of ▁Pr ussia ▁being ▁a ▁federal ▁state ▁of ▁Germany . ▁ ▁Land kreis ▁W irs itz ▁( 1 9 3 9 - 1 9 4 5 ) ▁A ▁few ▁days ▁after ▁the ▁beginning ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II , ▁being ▁along ▁the ▁border ▁of ▁Pr ussia ▁and ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁rout ing ▁of ▁the ▁Ost bahn ▁this ▁strateg ically ▁important ▁county ▁was ▁occupied ▁by ▁German ▁troops . ▁On ▁ 2 6 ▁October ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁German ▁administration ▁as ▁a ▁Land kreis ▁began ▁under ▁the ▁old ▁name ▁W irs itz . ▁Con tr ary ▁to ▁international ▁treat ies , ▁the ▁county ▁and ▁its ▁province ▁were ▁an nex ed ▁un il ater ally ▁by ▁the ▁German ▁Reich . ▁With ▁the ▁invasion ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Red ▁Army ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 4
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5 , ▁the ▁county ▁was ▁returned ▁to ▁Polish ▁administration ▁under ▁the ▁old ▁name ▁pow iat ▁W yr z ys ki . ▁ ▁Pow iat ▁W yr z ys ki ▁( 1 9 4 5 - 1 9 7 5 ) ▁For ▁more ▁about ▁pow iat ▁W yr z ys ki , ▁which ▁ce ased ▁to ▁exist ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 5 ▁cf . ▁the ▁Polish ▁site ▁ ▁Ge ographical ▁features ▁ ▁Military ▁command ▁ ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁military ▁command ▁in ▁P osen ▁( G erman : ▁Bez irk sk omm ando ) ▁at ▁B rom berg . ▁ ▁Court ▁system ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁court ▁( G erman : ▁Land ger icht ) ▁was ▁in ▁Sch ne id em ü hl , ▁with ▁lower ▁courts ▁( G erman : ▁Am ts ger icht ) ▁in ▁W irs itz , ▁L obs ens ▁and ▁Nak el . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁www . pol ish ro ots . org ▁List ▁of ▁gene al og ical ▁records ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁ ▁" Der ▁Kre is ▁W irs itz ▁: ▁ein ▁west pre uß isches ▁He imat buch ", ▁by ▁Herbert ▁Pap stein , ▁ 1 9 8 2 ▁in ▁German ▁( out ▁of ▁print ). ▁L DS ▁call ▁number : ▁ 9 4 3 . 8 4 / W 2 ▁H 2 ▁L DS ▁film ▁# 1 1 8 3 5 3 0 , ▁item ▁ 4 ▁▁ ▁" Alt ans ä ss ige ▁de utsche ▁B auer
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ng esch le chter ▁in ▁den ▁Kre isen ▁Z emp el burg ▁und ▁W irs itz ▁in ▁West pre u ßen ", ▁by ▁Hans ▁J ür gen ▁von ▁Wil ck ens , ▁(" Old ▁established ▁families ▁of ▁the ▁districts ▁of ▁Z emp el burg ▁and ▁W irs itz ") ▁ 1 9 7 1 ▁in ▁German ▁( out ▁of ▁print ). ▁L DS ▁call ▁number : ▁ 9 4 3 . 8 ▁B 4 ▁ ▁L DS ▁film ▁# 1 1 8 1 5 2 5 , ▁item ▁ 1 0 ▁ ▁Category : D istrict s ▁of ▁Pr ussia <0x0A> </s> ▁P ion er ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁rural ▁local ity ▁( a ▁sel o ) ▁in ▁D akt u ysk oy e ▁R ural ▁S ett lement ▁of ▁Mag dag ach insky ▁District , ▁Am ur ▁O bl ast , ▁Russia . ▁The ▁population ▁was ▁ 3 0 ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 8 . ▁ ▁Ge ography ▁ ▁The ▁village ▁is ▁located ▁on ▁north - east ▁of ▁the ▁Am ur – Z ey a ▁Pl ain , ▁ 3 0 ▁km ▁from ▁D akt uy ▁and ▁ 1 0 ▁km ▁from ▁A pre l sk oy e . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Am ur ▁O bl ast ▁Category : R ural ▁local ities ▁in ▁Mag dag ach insky ▁District <0x0A> </s> ▁J . M . ▁Old s ▁Col leg iate ▁is ▁a ▁high ▁school ▁located ▁in ▁Tw illing ate , ▁New found land
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▁and ▁Lab rad or , ▁Canada . ▁It ▁currently ▁has ▁an ▁en rollment ▁of ▁approximately ▁ 1 1 0 ▁students ▁and ▁ 1 2 ▁teachers . ▁It ▁operates ▁under ▁the ▁New found land ▁& ▁Lab rad or ▁English ▁School ▁District , ▁formerly ▁the ▁Lewis porte - G ander ▁School ▁District . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁The ▁school ▁is ▁named ▁after ▁Dr . ▁John ▁McK ee ▁Old s ▁who ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 1 9 0 6 ▁and ▁died ▁September ▁ 6 , ▁ 1 9 8 5 . ▁Mr . ▁Old s ▁pract iced ▁medicine ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Tw illing ate ▁for ▁over ▁ 4 9 ▁years . ▁The ▁school ▁was ▁originally ▁called ▁Central ▁High ▁but ▁was ▁renamed ▁to ▁J . M . ▁Old s ▁Col leg iate ▁on ▁March ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁D err ick ▁Dal ley ▁was ▁the ▁principal ▁of ▁the ▁school ▁for ▁years ▁but ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁elected ▁as ▁the ▁M HA ▁for ▁The ▁Is les ▁of ▁Not re ▁D ame ▁district ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 - 2 0 0 8 ▁school ▁year , ▁former ▁vice - pr incipal ▁R andy ▁P ond ▁took ▁the ▁temporary ▁position ▁of ▁principal ▁while ▁French ▁teacher ▁She ena ▁M ills ▁took ▁the ▁position ▁of ▁vice - pr incipal . ▁In ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 - 2 0 0 9 ▁school ▁year , ▁Paul a ▁Sweet apple ▁is ▁the ▁principal ▁and ▁R andy ▁P ond ▁is ▁the
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▁vice - pr incipal ▁again . ▁ ▁Academ ics ▁ ▁J . M . ▁Old s ▁Col leg iate ▁follows ▁the ▁standard ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab rad or ▁curriculum , ▁offering ▁both ▁basic , ▁or ▁general ▁courses ▁and ▁academic ▁courses ▁in ▁senior ▁high . ▁The ▁standard ▁junior ▁high ▁curriculum ▁includes ▁English , ▁Mathemat ics , ▁General ▁Science , ▁French , ▁German , ▁Physical ▁Education , ▁Social ▁Studies , ▁Art ▁and ▁Music ▁classes ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁other ▁elect ives ▁like ▁Industrial ▁Arts ▁and ▁Home ▁Econom ics . ▁The ▁academic ▁senior ▁high ▁school ▁curriculum ▁offers ▁English , ▁Math ▁( ac adem ic ▁and ▁advanced ), ▁Canadian ▁Ge ography , ▁World ▁Ge ography , ▁Communications ▁Technology , ▁General ▁Science , ▁Bi ology , ▁Chem istry , ▁Phys ics , ▁French , ▁Art ▁and ▁Design , ▁Fab ric ation , ▁Human ▁D ynamics , ▁Ap plied ▁Music ▁and ▁other ▁elect ives . ▁ ▁Athlet ics ▁ ▁The ▁school ▁has ▁a ▁junior ▁and ▁senior ▁vol ley ball , ▁basketball , ▁soft ball ▁and ▁hockey ▁team , ▁the ▁Comb ines . ▁The ▁boys ▁soft ball ▁team ▁has ▁won ▁two ▁provincial ▁b anners ▁and ▁the ▁boys ▁vol ley ball ▁team ▁won ▁a ▁provincial ▁b anner ▁at ▁the ▁school ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁The ▁girls ▁ 3 A ▁Soft ball ▁team ▁won ▁a ▁provincial ▁b anner ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁in ▁St . ▁Mary ' s . ▁Former ▁student ▁Tr avis ▁Rand ell ▁was ▁draft ed ▁by ▁the ▁Hal if ax ▁Mo ose heads ▁in
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▁Dr um mond ville , ▁Quebec ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 7 . ▁The ▁school ▁also ▁has ▁a ▁weight ▁room ▁with ▁free ▁weights ▁( d um bb ells , ▁bar b ells ), ▁machines ▁and ▁card io ▁equipment ▁for ▁strength ▁and ▁condition ing . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Tw illing ate ▁Island ▁Element ary ▁Tw illing ate ▁N LE SD ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁J . M . ▁Old s ▁Col leg iate ▁ ▁Category : High ▁schools ▁in ▁New found land ▁and ▁Lab rad or <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁article ▁is ▁about ▁the ▁particular ▁significance ▁of ▁the ▁year ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁to ▁Wales ▁and ▁its ▁people . ▁ ▁Inc umb ents ▁Prince ▁of ▁Wales ▁– ▁Albert ▁Edward ▁Princess ▁of ▁Wales ▁– ▁vac ant ▁ ▁Events ▁Late ▁August ▁Third ▁ch ol era ▁pandemic ▁in ▁Card iff . ▁ 3 1 ▁October ▁— ▁David ▁Dav ies ▁( D ai ' r ▁Cant wr ) ▁receives ▁a ▁cond itional ▁p ardon ▁for ▁his ▁role ▁in ▁the ▁Rebecca ▁R i ots . ▁ 5 ▁November ▁— ▁At ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁In k erman , ▁Hugh ▁Row lands ▁carries ▁out ▁the ▁actions ▁that ▁lead ▁to ▁his ▁becoming ▁the ▁first ▁Wel sh man ▁to ▁win ▁the ▁Victoria ▁Cross . ▁ 1 1 ▁November ▁— ▁In ▁Australia , ▁Wel sh - born ▁John ▁Bass on ▁Hum ff ray ▁is ▁elected ▁the ▁first ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Ball ar at ▁Re form ▁League . ▁B ets i ▁Cad wal adr ▁volunteers ▁to ▁serve ▁as ▁a ▁nurse ▁in ▁the
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▁Crime an ▁War . ▁Love ▁Jones - Par ry ▁is ▁High ▁Sher iff ▁of ▁Ca ern ar v on shire . ▁The ▁Tele graph ic ▁Des patch ▁is ▁published ▁in ▁Sw anse a , ▁the ▁first ▁newspaper ▁in ▁Wales ▁to ▁come ▁out ▁more ▁than ▁once ▁a ▁week . ▁A ▁pen ny ▁newspaper , ▁the ▁Her ald ▁C ym ra eg , ▁is ▁founded ▁at ▁Ca ern ar fon , ▁with ▁James ▁Evans ▁as ▁editor . ▁John ▁Williams ▁( Ab ▁It hel ) ▁becomes ▁editor ▁of ▁the ▁Camb rian ▁Journal . ▁ ▁Arts ▁and ▁literature ▁ ▁New ▁books ▁ ▁English ▁language ▁Thomas ▁Pr ich ard ▁— ▁The ▁Hero ines ▁of ▁Wel sh ▁History ▁Samuel ▁Pr ide aux ▁T reg elles ▁— ▁Account ▁of ▁the ▁Print ed ▁Text ▁of ▁the ▁New ▁Testament ▁ ▁Wel sh ▁language ▁John ▁Edwards ▁( E os ▁Gl an ▁Tw r ch ) ▁— ▁L l ais ▁o ' r ▁L l w yn : ▁se f ▁B ard d onia eth , ▁ar ▁Am ry f al ▁Dest yn au ▁Samuel ▁Evans ▁( G om ery dd ) ▁— ▁Y ▁G om ery dd ▁Owen ▁W yn ne ▁Jones ▁— ▁F y ▁Ori au ▁Ham dd en ol ▁William ▁Thomas ▁( I sl w yn ) ▁— ▁B ard d onia eth ▁ ▁Music ▁David ▁Rich ards ▁— ▁Y ▁Bl w ch ▁Cer dd or ol ▁( collection ▁of ▁h ym ns ▁and ▁an the ms ) ▁ ▁Birth s ▁ 1 ▁January ▁— ▁Peter ▁Morris , ▁baseball ▁player ▁(
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d ied ▁ 1 8 8 4 ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ) ▁ 8 ▁April ▁— ▁Robert ▁Arthur ▁Williams ▁( Ber w ), ▁cl erg yman ▁and ▁poet ▁( d ied ▁ 1 9 2 6 ) ▁ 1 7 ▁April ▁— ▁Sir ▁John ▁Eld on ▁Bank es , ▁judge ▁( d ied ▁ 1 9 4 6 ) ▁ 3 0 ▁April ▁— ▁William ▁Crit ch low ▁Harris , ▁Wel sh - Can ad ian ▁architect ▁( d ied ▁ 1 9 1 3 ) ▁ 1 0 ▁July ▁— ▁John ▁Lloyd ▁Williams , ▁bot an ist ▁and ▁composer ▁( d ied ▁ 1 9 4 5 ) ▁ 2 2 ▁September ▁— ▁John ▁Fox ▁Tall is , ▁mining ▁engineer ▁( d ied ▁ 1 9 2 5 ) ▁ 1 6 ▁December ▁— ▁J . ▁D . ▁Re es , ▁colonial ▁administr ator ▁( d ied ▁ 1 9 2 2 ) ▁ ▁Death s ▁ 1 4 ▁January ▁— ▁Charles ▁Rod ney ▁Morgan , ▁politician , ▁ 2 5 ▁ 3 ▁April ▁— ▁Edward ▁Lloyd , ▁ 1 st ▁Baron ▁Most yn , ▁politician , ▁ 8 5 ▁ 1 0 ▁April ▁— ▁William ▁Edward ▁Pow ell , ▁politician , ▁ 6 6 ▁ 2 9 ▁April ▁— ▁Henry ▁P ag et , ▁ 1 st ▁Mar qu ess ▁of ▁Ang les ey , ▁soldier ▁and ▁politician , ▁ 8 5 ▁ 2 4 ▁May ▁— ▁John ▁Row lands ▁of ▁Y ▁L ly s , ▁alleged ▁father ▁of ▁Sir ▁Henry
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▁Mort on ▁Stanley , ▁ 3 9 ▁ 1 2 ▁November ▁— ▁Charles ▁K em ble , ▁actor , ▁ 7 9 ▁ 2 8 ▁December ▁— ▁Row land ▁Williams , ▁cl erg yman ▁and ▁writer , ▁ 7 5 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Wales ▁Category : 1 8 5 4 ▁in ▁Wales <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Rev olt ▁of ▁the ▁Three ▁Fe ud ator ies , ▁() ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Reb ell ion ▁of ▁Wu ▁S ang ui , ▁was ▁a ▁rebell ion ▁in ▁China ▁lasting ▁from ▁ 1 6 7 3 ▁to ▁ 1 6 8 1 ▁in ▁the ▁Q ing ▁dyn asty ▁( 1 6 4 4 – 1 9 1 2 ) ▁during ▁the ▁early ▁reign ▁of ▁the ▁K ang xi ▁Emperor ▁( r . ▁ 1 6 6 1 – 1 7 2 2 ). ▁The ▁revol t ▁was ▁led ▁by ▁the ▁three ▁l ords ▁of ▁the ▁f ief dom s ▁in ▁Y unn an , ▁Gu ang d ong ▁and ▁F uj ian ▁provin ces ▁against ▁the ▁Q ing ▁central ▁government . ▁These ▁her edit ary ▁titles ▁had ▁been ▁given ▁to ▁prominent ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁defect ors ▁who ▁had ▁helped ▁the ▁Man ch u ▁con quer ▁China ▁during ▁the ▁transition ▁from ▁M ing ▁to ▁Q ing . ▁The ▁fe ud ator ies ▁were ▁supported ▁by ▁Z heng ▁J ing ' s ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁T ung ning ▁in ▁Taiwan , ▁which ▁sent ▁forces ▁to ▁inv ade ▁Main land ▁China . ▁Additionally , ▁minor ▁Han ▁military ▁figures ▁like ▁Wang ▁F
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uc hen ▁and ▁the ▁Ch ah ar ▁Mong ols ▁also ▁revol ted ▁against ▁Q ing ▁rule . ▁After ▁the ▁last ▁remaining ▁ ▁Han ▁resistance ▁was ▁put ▁down , ▁the ▁former ▁pr inc ely ▁titles ▁were ▁abol ished . ▁ ▁Background ▁In ▁the ▁early ▁years ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁D yn asty ▁during ▁the ▁reign ▁of ▁the ▁Sh un z hi ▁Emperor , ▁central ▁government ▁authority ▁was ▁not ▁strong ▁and ▁the ▁rul ers ▁were ▁unable ▁to ▁control ▁the ▁provin ces ▁in ▁southern ▁China ▁directly . ▁The ▁government ▁initiated ▁a ▁policy ▁of ▁" lett ing ▁the ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁govern ▁the ▁Han ▁Chinese " ▁( 以 漢 制 漢 ), ▁which ▁allowed ▁some ▁gener als ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁M ing ▁D yn asty ▁who ▁had ▁sur rend ered ▁them ▁to ▁help ▁them ▁govern ▁the ▁provin ces ▁in ▁the ▁south . ▁ ▁This ▁origin ated ▁from ▁the ▁crucial ▁contributions ▁these ▁gener als ▁had ▁made ▁in ▁the ▁decis ive ▁moments ▁during ▁the ▁con quest ▁of ▁China . ▁For ▁instance , ▁navy ▁of ▁G eng ▁Z h ong ming ▁and ▁Sh ang ▁K ex i ▁brought ▁about ▁quick ▁capit ulation ▁of ▁Jose on ▁in ▁ 1 6 3 6 , ▁allowing ▁rapid ▁advance ▁into ▁M ing ▁territor ies ▁without ▁worrying ▁about ▁what ▁is ▁behind . ▁Def ection ▁and ▁subsequent ▁cooperation ▁of ▁Wu ▁S ang ui ▁allowed ▁swift ▁capture ▁and ▁settlement ▁of ▁the ▁M ing ▁capital ▁Beijing . ▁In ▁return , ▁the ▁Q ing ▁government ▁had ▁to ▁reward ▁their ▁achievements ▁and ▁acknowledge ▁their ▁military ▁and ▁political ▁influence . ▁ ▁In
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▁ 1 6 5 5 , ▁Wu ▁S ang ui ▁was ▁granted ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁" P ing xi ▁Prince " ▁( 平 西 王 ; ▁" West ▁Pac ifying ▁Prince ") ▁and ▁granted ▁govern orship ▁of ▁the ▁provin ces ▁of ▁Y unn an ▁and ▁Gu iz hou . ▁Sh ang ▁K ex i ▁and ▁G eng ▁Z h ong ming ▁were ▁granted ▁the ▁titles ▁of ▁" P ing nan ▁Prince " ▁and ▁" J ing nan ▁Prince " ▁( both ▁mean ▁" South ▁Pac ifying ▁Prince ") ▁respectively ▁and ▁were ▁put ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁the ▁provin ces ▁of ▁Gu ang d ong ▁and ▁F uj ian . ▁The ▁three ▁l ords ▁had ▁great ▁influence ▁over ▁their ▁lands ▁and ▁w ield ed ▁far ▁greater ▁power ▁than ▁any ▁other ▁regional ▁or ▁provincial ▁govern ors . ▁They ▁had ▁their ▁own ▁military ▁forces ▁and ▁had ▁the ▁authority ▁to ▁alter ▁tax ▁rates ▁in ▁their ▁f iefs . ▁ ▁The ▁Three ▁Fe ud ator ies ▁ ▁In ▁Y unn an ▁and ▁Gu iz hou , ▁Wu ▁S ang ui ▁was ▁granted ▁permission ▁by ▁the ▁Sh un z hi ▁Emperor ▁to ▁appoint ▁and ▁promote ▁his ▁own ▁personal ▁group ▁of ▁officials , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁the ▁privilege ▁of ▁choosing ▁war h ors es ▁first ▁before ▁the ▁Q ing ▁arm ies . ▁Wu ▁S ang ui ' s ▁forces ▁took ▁up ▁several ▁million ▁ta els ▁of ▁silver ▁in ▁military ▁pay , ▁taking ▁up ▁a ▁third ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁government ' s ▁revenue ▁from ▁taxes . ▁Wu ▁was ▁also ▁in ▁charge
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▁of ▁handling ▁the ▁Q ing ▁government ' s ▁diplom atic ▁relationships ▁with ▁the ▁Dal ai ▁L ama ▁and ▁Tibet . ▁Most ▁of ▁Wu ' s ▁troops ▁were ▁formerly ▁Li ▁Z ichen g ▁and ▁Z hang ▁X ian zh ong ' s ▁forces ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁well - vers ed ▁in ▁war fare . ▁ ▁In ▁F uj ian ▁province , ▁G eng ▁J ing zh ong ▁ruled ▁as ▁a ▁t yr ant ▁over ▁his ▁f ief , ▁allowing ▁his ▁sub ord inates ▁to ▁ext ort ▁food ▁supplies ▁and ▁money ▁from ▁the ▁common ▁people . ▁After ▁G eng ' s ▁death , ▁his ▁son ▁G eng ▁J ima o ▁inherited ▁his ▁father ' s ▁title ▁and ▁f ief dom , ▁and ▁G eng ▁J ima o ▁was ▁later ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁son ▁G eng ▁J ing zh ong . ▁ ▁In ▁Gu ang d ong ▁province , ▁Sh ang ▁K ex i ▁ruled ▁his ▁f ief ▁in ▁a ▁similar ▁fashion ▁to ▁G eng ▁J ing zh ong . ▁In ▁total , ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁central ▁government ' s ▁revenue ▁and ▁reserves ▁were ▁spent ▁on ▁the ▁Three ▁Fe ud ator ies ▁and ▁their ▁expend iture ▁ ▁empt ied ▁almost ▁half ▁of ▁the ▁imperial ▁tre asury . ▁When ▁the ▁K ang xi ▁Emperor ▁came ▁to ▁the ▁throne , ▁he ▁felt ▁that ▁the ▁Three ▁Fe ud ator ies ▁pos ed ▁a ▁great ▁threat ▁to ▁his ▁sovere ig nt y ▁and ▁wanted ▁to ▁reduce ▁their ▁power . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 6 6 7 , ▁Wu ▁S ang
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ui ▁submitted ▁a ▁request ▁to ▁the ▁K ang xi ▁Emperor , ▁asking ▁for ▁permission ▁to ▁be ▁relieved ▁of ▁his ▁duties ▁in ▁Y unn an ▁and ▁Gu iz hou ▁provin ces , ▁on ▁the ▁prem ise ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁ill . ▁K ang xi , ▁not ▁yet ▁ready ▁for ▁a ▁trial ▁of ▁strength ▁with ▁him , ▁refused ▁Wu ' s ▁request . ▁In ▁ 1 6 7 3 , ▁Sh ang ▁K ex i ▁asked ▁for ▁permission ▁to ▁retire , ▁and ▁in ▁July , ▁Wu ▁S ang ui ▁and ▁G eng ▁J ing zh ong ▁followed ▁suit . ▁K ang xi ▁sought ▁advice ▁from ▁his ▁council ▁on ▁the ▁issue ▁and ▁received ▁divided ▁responses . ▁Some ▁thought ▁that ▁the ▁Three ▁Fe ud ator ies ▁should ▁be ▁left ▁as ▁they ▁were , ▁while ▁others ▁supported ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁reducing ▁the ▁three ▁l ords ' ▁powers . ▁K ang xi ▁went ▁against ▁the ▁views ▁of ▁the ▁majority ▁in ▁the ▁council ▁and ▁accepted ▁the ▁three ▁l ords ' ▁requests ▁for ▁retirement , ▁ordering ▁them ▁to ▁leave ▁their ▁respective ▁f iefs ▁and ▁res ett le ▁in ▁Man ch ur ia . ▁ ▁Decl aring ▁rebell ion ▁In ▁December ▁ 1 6 7 3 , ▁Wu ▁S ang ui ▁ended ▁his ▁connection ▁to ▁the ▁Q ing ▁empire ▁and ▁declared ▁a ▁new ▁dyn asty , ▁the ▁Z hou , ▁inv oking ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁great ▁pre - imper ial ▁dyn asty . ▁He ▁inst ig ated ▁the ▁rebell ion ▁under ▁the ▁b anner ▁of ▁" op posing ▁Q ing ▁and
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▁rest oring ▁M ing " ▁( 反 清 復 明 ). ▁Wu ▁court ed ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁officials ▁to ▁join ▁the ▁rebell ion ▁by ▁rest oring ▁M ing ▁customs ▁and ▁cutting ▁off ▁que ues . ▁Wu ▁offered ▁the ▁K ang xi ▁emperor ▁cle m ency ▁if ▁he ▁were ▁to ▁leave ▁Beijing ▁and ▁return ▁to ▁the ▁Man ch u ▁hom eland . ▁ ▁Wu ' s ▁forces ▁captured ▁Hun an ▁and ▁S ich uan ▁provin ces . ▁In ▁ 1 6 7 4 ▁both ▁G eng ▁J ing zh ong ▁in ▁F uj ian ▁and ▁after ▁Shan ▁Z h ix in , ▁the ▁man ▁who ▁mass ac red ▁Gu ang z hou , ▁died , ▁his ▁son ▁followed ▁suit ▁in ▁Gu ang d ong . ▁ ▁At ▁the ▁same ▁time , ▁Sun ▁Yan ling ▁and ▁Wang ▁F uc hen ▁also ▁rose ▁in ▁revol t ▁in ▁Gu ang xi ▁and ▁Sha an xi ▁provin ces . ▁Z heng ▁J ing , ▁rul er ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁T ung ning , ▁led ▁an ▁alleg edly ▁ 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁strong ▁army ▁from ▁Taiwan ▁and ▁landed ▁in ▁Gu ang d ong , ▁F uj ian ▁and ▁Z he ji ang ▁to ▁fight ▁and ▁join ▁the ▁rebel ▁forces . ▁ ▁Com position ▁of ▁Q ing ▁arm ies ▁ ▁The ▁Q ing ▁forces ▁were ▁initially ▁defeated ▁by ▁Wu ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 3 - 1 6 7 4 . ▁Man ch u ▁Gener als ▁and ▁B ann erm en ▁were ▁put ▁to ▁shame ▁by
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▁the ▁performance ▁of ▁the ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁Green ▁Standard ▁Army , ▁who ▁fought ▁better ▁than ▁them ▁against ▁the ▁reb els . ▁The ▁Q ing ▁had ▁the ▁support ▁of ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁soldiers ▁and ▁the ▁Han ▁elite , ▁as ▁they ▁did ▁not ▁join ▁the ▁Three ▁Fe ud ator ies . ▁Different ▁sources ▁offer ▁different ▁account ▁of ▁the ▁Han ▁and ▁Man ch u ▁forces ▁deployed ▁against ▁the ▁reb els . ▁According ▁to ▁one , ▁ 4 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁Green ▁Standard ▁Army ▁soldiers ▁and ▁ 1 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁B ann erm en ▁served ▁on ▁the ▁Q ing ▁side ▁during ▁the ▁war . ▁according ▁to ▁another , ▁ 2 1 3 ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁B anner ▁companies , ▁and ▁ 5 2 7 ▁companies ▁of ▁Mong ol ▁and ▁Man ch u ▁B anners ▁were ▁mobil ized ▁by ▁the ▁Q ing . ▁According ▁to ▁a ▁third , ▁must ered ▁the ▁Q ing ▁a ▁massive ▁army ▁of ▁more ▁than ▁ 9 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁northern ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁to ▁fight ▁the ▁Three ▁Fe ud ator ies . ▁ ▁Fight ing ▁in ▁north western ▁China ▁against ▁Wang ▁F uc hen , ▁the ▁Q ing ▁put ▁B ann erm en ▁in ▁the ▁rear ▁as ▁reserves ▁while ▁they ▁used ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁Green ▁Standard ▁Army ▁soldiers ▁and ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁Gener als ▁like ▁Z hang ▁Li ang d ong , ▁Wang ▁Jin ba o , ▁and ▁Z hang ▁Y ong ▁as ▁their ▁main ▁military ▁force . ▁The ▁Q ing ▁thought ▁that ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁soldiers
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▁were ▁superior ▁at ▁fighting ▁other ▁Han ▁people ▁and ▁so ▁used ▁the ▁Green ▁Standard ▁Army ▁as ▁their ▁main ▁army ▁against ▁the ▁reb els ▁instead ▁of ▁B ann erm en . ▁As ▁a ▁result , ▁after ▁ 1 6 7 6 , ▁the ▁tide ▁turned ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁forces . ▁In ▁the ▁north west , ▁Wang ▁F uc hen ▁sur rend ered ▁after ▁a ▁three - year - long ▁st al em ate , ▁while ▁G eng ▁J ing zh ong ▁and ▁Sh ang ▁Z h ix in ▁sur rend ered ▁in ▁turn ▁as ▁their ▁forces ▁weak ened . ▁ ▁Campaign ing ▁In ▁ 1 6 7 6 ▁Sh ang ▁Z h ix in ▁joined ▁the ▁rebell ion , ▁consolid ating ▁Gu ang d ong ▁under ▁his ▁rule ▁and ▁sending ▁troops ▁north ▁into ▁Ji ang xi . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 6 7 7 , ▁Wu ▁S ang ui ▁suspected ▁Sun ▁Yan ling ▁would ▁surrender ▁to ▁the ▁Q ing ▁in ▁Gu ang xi ▁and ▁he ▁sent ▁his ▁relative ▁Wu ▁Sh iz ong , ▁to ▁assass inate ▁Sun . ▁Sun ' s ▁wife ▁Kong ▁S iz hen ▁took ▁control ▁of ▁his ▁troops ▁after ▁his ▁death , ▁although ▁she ▁may ▁already ▁have ▁had ▁control ▁before hand . ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁south , ▁Wu ▁S ang ui ▁moved ▁his ▁arm ies ▁north ▁after ▁conqu ering ▁Hun an , ▁while ▁the ▁Q ing ▁forces ▁concentrated ▁on ▁rec apt uring ▁Hun an ▁from ▁him . ▁In ▁ 1 6 7 8 , ▁Wu ▁finally ▁pro claimed ▁himself
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▁emperor ▁of ▁the ▁Great ▁Z hou ▁D yn asty ▁( 大 周 ) ▁in ▁H eng z hou ▁( 衡 州 ; ▁present - day ▁H eng y ang , ▁Hun an ▁province ) ▁and ▁established ▁his ▁own ▁imperial ▁court . ▁However ▁Wu ▁died ▁of ▁illness ▁in ▁August ▁( l un ar ▁month ) ▁that ▁year ▁and ▁was ▁succeeded ▁by ▁his ▁grand son ▁Wu ▁Sh if an , ▁who ▁ordered ▁a ▁retreat ▁back ▁to ▁Y unn an . ▁While ▁the ▁rebel ▁army ' s ▁mor ale ▁was ▁low , ▁Q ing ▁forces ▁launched ▁an ▁attack ▁on ▁Y ue z hou ▁( <0xE5> <0xB2> <0xB3> 州 ; ▁present - day ▁Y ue y ang , ▁Hun an ▁province ) ▁and ▁captured ▁it , ▁along ▁with ▁the ▁rebel ▁territor ies ▁of ▁Ch ang de , ▁H eng z hou ▁and ▁others . ▁Wu ▁Sh if an ' s ▁forces ▁ret reated ▁to ▁the ▁Chen long ▁Pass . ▁S ich uan ▁and ▁southern ▁Sha an xi ▁were ▁ret aken ▁by ▁the ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁Green ▁Standard ▁Army ▁under ▁Wang ▁Jin ba o ▁and ▁Z ha o ▁Li ang d ong ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 0 , ▁with ▁Man ch u ▁forces ▁involved ▁only ▁in ▁dealing ▁with ▁log istics ▁and ▁provisions , ▁not ▁combat . ▁In ▁ 1 6 8 0 , ▁the ▁provin ces ▁of ▁Hun an , ▁Gu iz hou , ▁Gu ang xi , ▁and ▁S ich uan ▁were ▁recovered ▁by ▁the ▁Q ing , ▁and ▁Wu ▁Sh if an ▁ret reated ▁to ▁K
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un ming ▁in ▁October . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 6 8 1 , ▁the ▁Q ing ▁general ▁Z ha o ▁Li ang d ong ▁proposed ▁a ▁three - pr ong ed ▁attack ▁on ▁Y unn an , ▁with ▁imperial ▁arm ies ▁from ▁Hun an , ▁Gu ang xi ▁and ▁S ich uan . ▁C ai ▁Y ur ong , ▁V icer oy ▁of ▁Y un - Gui , ▁led ▁the ▁attack ▁on ▁the ▁reb els ▁together ▁with ▁Z hang ▁Tai ▁and ▁L ait a ▁Gi yes u , ▁conqu ering ▁Mount ▁W uh ua ▁and ▁bes ie ging ▁K un ming . ▁In ▁October , ▁Z ha o ▁Li and ong ' s ▁army ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁break ▁through ▁into ▁K un ming ▁and ▁the ▁others ▁followed ▁suit , ▁swift ly ▁capt uring ▁the ▁city . ▁Wu ▁Sh if an ▁committed ▁suicide ▁in ▁December ▁and ▁the ▁reb els ▁sur rend ered ▁the ▁following ▁day . ▁ ▁Z heng ▁J ing ' s ▁forces ▁were ▁defeated ▁near ▁X iam en ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 0 ▁and ▁forced ▁to ▁withdraw ▁to ▁Taiwan . ▁The ▁final ▁victory ▁over ▁the ▁revol t ▁was ▁the ▁Q ing ▁con quest ▁of ▁the ▁Kingdom ▁of ▁T ung ning ▁on ▁Taiwan . ▁Sh i ▁Lang ▁was ▁appointed ▁as ▁adm iral ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁navy ▁and ▁led ▁an ▁invasion ▁of ▁Taiwan , ▁defe ating ▁the ▁T ung ning ▁navy ▁under ▁L iu ▁Gu ox uan ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Pen gh u . ▁Z heng ▁J ing ' s
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▁son ▁Z heng ▁K esh u ang ▁sur rend ered ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 6 8 3 , ▁and ▁Taiwan ▁became ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Q ing ▁Empire . ▁Z heng ▁K esh u ang ▁was ▁awarded ▁by ▁the ▁K ang xi ▁Emperor ▁with ▁the ▁title ▁" Du ke ▁of ▁Ha ichen g " ▁( 海 <0xE6> <0xBE> <0x84> 公 ) ▁and ▁he ▁and ▁his ▁soldiers ▁were ▁indu cted ▁into ▁the ▁Eight ▁B anners . ▁ ▁After math ▁Sh ang ▁Z h ix in ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁commit ▁suicide ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 0 ; ▁of ▁his ▁thirty ▁six ▁brothers ▁four ▁were ▁executed ▁when ▁he ▁committed ▁suicide ▁while ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁his ▁family ▁was ▁allowed ▁to ▁live . ▁G eng ▁J ing zh ong ▁was ▁executed ; ▁his ▁brother ▁G eng ▁J uz h ong ▁ <0xE8> <0x80> <0xBF> 聚 忠 ▁was ▁in ▁Beijing ▁with ▁the ▁Q ing ▁court ▁with ▁the ▁K ang xi ▁Emperor ▁during ▁the ▁rebell ion ▁and ▁was ▁not ▁pun ished ▁for ▁his ▁brother ' s ▁revol t . ▁G eng ▁J uz h ong ▁died ▁of ▁natural ▁causes ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 7 . ▁Several ▁M ing ▁prin ces ▁had ▁accompanied ▁K ox ing a ▁to ▁Taiwan ▁in ▁ 1 6 6 1 - 1 6 6 2 , ▁including ▁the ▁Prince ▁of ▁N ing j ing ▁Z hu ▁Sh ug ui ▁and ▁Prince ▁Z hu ▁Hong h uan ▁( 朱 弘 <0xE6> <0xA1> <0x93> ), ▁son ▁of ▁Z hu ▁Y ih ai . ▁The ▁Q ing ▁sent
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▁the ▁ 1 7 ▁M ing ▁prin ces ▁still ▁living ▁on ▁Taiwan ▁back ▁to ▁main land ▁China ▁where ▁they ▁spent ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁their ▁lives ▁in ▁ex ile ▁since ▁their ▁lives ▁were ▁sp ared ▁from ▁execution . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 6 8 5 , ▁the ▁Q ing ▁used ▁former ▁M ing ▁loyal ist ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁naval ▁specialists ▁who ▁had ▁served ▁under ▁the ▁Z heng ▁family ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁in ▁the ▁sie ge ▁of ▁Alb az in . ▁Former ▁M ing ▁loyal ist ▁Han ▁Chinese ▁troops ▁who ▁had ▁served ▁under ▁Z heng ▁Chen gg ong ▁and ▁who ▁specialized ▁at ▁fighting ▁with ▁r attan ▁shield s ▁and ▁sw ords ▁( T eng p ai ying ) ▁ 藤 牌 营 ▁were ▁recommended ▁to ▁the ▁K ang xi ▁Emperor ▁to ▁reinforce ▁Alb az in ▁against ▁the ▁Russians . ▁K ang xi ▁was ▁impressed ▁by ▁a ▁demonstr ation ▁of ▁their ▁techniques ▁and ▁ordered ▁ 5 0 0 ▁of ▁them ▁to ▁defend ▁Alb az in , ▁under ▁Ho ▁Yu , ▁a ▁former ▁K ox ing a ▁f oll ower , ▁and ▁Lin ▁H sing - ch u , ▁a ▁former ▁General ▁of ▁Wu ▁S ang ui . ▁These ▁r attan ▁shield ▁troops ▁did ▁not ▁suffer ▁a ▁single ▁casual ty ▁when ▁they ▁defeated ▁and ▁cut ▁down ▁Russian ▁forces ▁traveling ▁by ▁r aft s ▁on ▁the ▁river , ▁only ▁using ▁the ▁r attan ▁shield s ▁and ▁sw ords ▁while ▁fighting ▁naked . ▁ ▁"[ the ▁Russian ▁reinforce ments ▁were ▁coming ▁down ▁to ▁the ▁fort ▁on ▁the ▁river ] ▁There up
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on ▁he ▁[ Mar quis ▁Lin ] ▁ordered ▁all ▁our ▁mar ines ▁to ▁take ▁off ▁their ▁clothes ▁and ▁jump ▁into ▁the ▁water . ▁Each ▁wore ▁a ▁r attan ▁shield ▁on ▁his ▁head ▁and ▁held ▁a ▁huge ▁sword ▁in ▁his ▁hand . ▁Thus ▁they ▁sw am ▁forward . ▁The ▁Russians ▁were ▁so ▁frightened ▁that ▁they ▁all ▁shouted : ▁' Be hold , ▁the ▁big - c apped ▁T art ars !' ▁Since ▁our ▁mar ines ▁were ▁in ▁the ▁water , ▁they ▁could ▁not ▁use ▁their ▁fire arms . ▁Our ▁sail ors ▁wore ▁r attan ▁shield s ▁to ▁protect ▁their ▁heads ▁so ▁that ▁enemy ▁bul lets ▁and ▁ar rows ▁could ▁not ▁pier ce ▁them . ▁Our ▁mar ines ▁used ▁long ▁sw ords ▁to ▁cut ▁the ▁enemy ' s ▁an k les . ▁The ▁Russians ▁fell ▁into ▁the ▁river , ▁most ▁of ▁them ▁either ▁killed ▁or ▁wounded . ▁The ▁rest ▁fled ▁and ▁escaped . ▁[ Lin [ ▁H sing - ch u ▁had ▁not ▁lost ▁a ▁single ▁marine ▁when ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁take ▁part ▁in ▁bes ie ging ▁the ▁city ." ▁written ▁by ▁Yang ▁H ai - Ch ai ▁who ▁was ▁related ▁to ▁Mar quis ▁Lin , ▁a ▁participant ▁in ▁the ▁war ▁ ▁Liter ature ▁The ▁revol t ▁is ▁featured ▁in ▁Louis ▁Cha ' s ▁novel ▁The ▁De er ▁and ▁the ▁C aul d ron . ▁The ▁story ▁tells ▁of ▁how ▁the ▁protagon ist , ▁We i ▁X ia ob ao , ▁helps ▁the ▁K ang xi ▁Emperor ▁suppress ▁the ▁rebell ion . ▁ ▁Ex ternal
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▁links ▁map ▁showing ▁the ▁areas ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁Rev olt ▁of ▁the ▁Three ▁Fe ud ator ies ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Reb ell ions ▁in ▁the ▁Q ing ▁dyn asty ▁Category : S ou thern ▁M ing ▁Category : 1 6 7 0 s ▁in ▁China ▁Category : K ang xi ▁Emperor ▁Category : Mil itary ▁history ▁of ▁Taiwan ▁Category : 1 7 th ▁century ▁in ▁China ▁Category : 1 7 th ▁century ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁Category : 1 7 th - century ▁rebell ions ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 3 ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 4 ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 5 ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 6 ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 7 ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 8 ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 7 9 ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 0 ▁Category : Conf lic ts ▁in ▁ 1 6 8 1 ▁Category : 1 6 7 4 ▁in ▁China ▁Category : 1 6 7 5 ▁in ▁China ▁Category : 1 6 7 6 ▁in ▁China ▁Category : 1 6 7 7 ▁in ▁China ▁Category : 1 6 7 8 ▁in ▁China ▁Category : 1 6 7 9 ▁in ▁China ▁Category : 1 6 8 0 ▁in ▁China ▁Category : 1 6 8 1 ▁in ▁China ▁Category : E ight
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▁B anners <0x0A> </s> ▁Harold ▁Che ster ▁De eton ▁( J uly ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 8 8 2 ▁– ▁July ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 6 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Canadian ▁professional ▁ice ▁hockey ▁player ▁and ▁cur ler ▁who ▁was ▁active ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 0 0 s . ▁De eton ▁played ▁professional ▁hockey ▁for ▁the ▁Ed mont on ▁Prof ession als , ▁a ▁team ▁that ▁operated ▁within ▁the ▁Alber ta ▁Professional ▁Hockey ▁League ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 7 – 0 8 ▁season ▁and ▁challenged ▁twice ▁for ▁the ▁Stanley ▁Cup . ▁ ▁De eton ▁was ▁born ▁in ▁Pl atts ville , ▁Ontario ▁and ▁died ▁in ▁Cam rose , ▁Alber ta . ▁ ▁Cur ling ▁career ▁De eton ▁won ▁the ▁Mac don ald ▁B rier ▁in ▁ 1 9 3 3 , ▁playing ▁third ▁for ▁the ▁Alber ta ▁team , ▁sk ipped ▁by ▁Cl iff ▁Man ahan . ▁ ▁Ice ▁hockey ▁career ▁De eton ▁played ▁with ▁the ▁Ed mont on ▁Prof ession als ▁in ▁the ▁A PH L ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 7 – 0 8 ▁season ▁and ▁scored ▁ 1 8 ▁goals ▁and ▁ 2 5 ▁points ▁in ▁ 1 0 ▁games ▁that ▁season . ▁ ▁Late ▁in ▁December ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 8 , ▁prior ▁to ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁season , ▁Ed mont on ▁Prof ession als ▁challenged ▁the ▁reign ing ▁Stanley ▁Cup ▁champion ▁Montreal ▁W ander ers ▁of ▁the ▁E CH A ▁for ▁the
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▁Cup . ▁Ed mont on ▁called ▁in ▁a ▁record ▁number ▁of ▁six ▁ring ers ▁for ▁the ▁two ▁game ▁series , ▁amongst ▁them ▁Les ter ▁Patrick , ▁Tommy ▁Phillips ▁and ▁Did ier ▁P it re , ▁which ▁forced ▁all ▁team ▁regular s ▁except ▁Fred ▁Whit cro ft ▁to ▁the ▁bench ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁game . ▁Ed mont on ▁dropped ▁the ▁first ▁game ▁with ▁a ▁score ▁of ▁ 3 - 7 , ▁and ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁game ▁the ▁club ▁replaced ▁two ▁of ▁its ▁ring ers ▁with ▁regular s ▁Harold ▁De eton ▁and ▁Jack ▁Miller . ▁De eton ▁and ▁Miller ▁responded ▁with ▁three ▁and ▁two ▁goals ▁respectively ▁and ▁Ed mont on ▁won ▁the ▁second ▁game ▁ 7 - 6 , ▁with ▁De eton ▁scoring ▁the ▁game - winning ▁goal ▁on ▁a ▁re bound ▁from ▁a ▁shot ▁from ▁team mate ▁Steve ▁V air , ▁but ▁lost ▁the ▁Stanley ▁Cup ▁on ▁total ▁goals ▁aggregate . ▁ ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁the ▁Ed mont on ▁Prof ession als ▁again ▁challenged ▁for ▁the ▁Stanley ▁Cup , ▁this ▁time ▁against ▁the ▁Ott awa ▁Sen ators ▁of ▁the ▁newly ▁formed ▁N HA . ▁Ed mont on ▁lost ▁both ▁games , ▁ 4 - 8 ▁and ▁ 7 - 1 3 , ▁with ▁a ▁total ▁score ▁of ▁ 1 1 - 2 1 . ▁De eton ▁net ted ▁three ▁of ▁Ed mont on ▁goals ▁in ▁the ▁series . ▁ ▁Statistics ▁ ▁Statistics ▁from ▁SI HR ▁at ▁si hr h ockey . org ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Notes ▁ ▁Category :
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1 8 8 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 6 9 ▁deaths ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁ice ▁hockey ▁for wards ▁Category : C url ers ▁from ▁Ontario ▁Category : C url ers ▁from ▁Alber ta ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁people ▁from ▁Alber ta ▁Category : I ce ▁hockey ▁people ▁from ▁Ontario ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Oxford ▁County , ▁Ontario ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁male ▁cur lers <0x0A> </s> ▁Se ol ▁Ye - e un ▁( born ▁August ▁ 2 6 , ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁in ▁Se oul , ▁South ▁Korea ) ▁is ▁a ▁South ▁Korean ▁cur ler ▁from ▁U ije ong bu . ▁She ▁currently ▁plays ▁lead ▁for ▁the ▁South ▁Korean ▁National ▁Women ' s ▁Cur ling ▁Team ▁sk ipped ▁by ▁G im ▁Un - chi . ▁ ▁Career ▁Se ol ▁joined ▁the ▁G im ▁Un - chi ▁r ink ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁They ▁didn ' t ▁play ▁that ▁many ▁events ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 7 – 1 8 ▁season ▁but ▁still ▁found ▁success ▁finishing ▁runner - up ▁at ▁the ▁Prest ige ▁Hot els ▁& ▁Res orts ▁Cur ling ▁Classic ▁to ▁Rachel ▁H oman ▁and ▁qual ifying ▁for ▁the ▁quarter fin als ▁at ▁the ▁Col onial ▁Square ▁Lad ies ▁Classic , ▁Kar u iz awa ▁International ▁and ▁the ▁G lyn hill ▁Lad ies ▁International . ▁ ▁The ▁team ▁had ▁a ▁full ▁schedule ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 – 1 9 ▁season ▁with ▁more ▁than ▁ten ▁events ▁and ▁qual ifying
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▁for ▁the ▁play offs ▁in ▁five ▁of ▁them . ▁They ▁finished ▁runner - up ▁at ▁the ▁G ord ▁Car roll ▁Cur ling ▁Classic ▁and ▁even ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Tour ▁Challenge ▁T ier ▁ 2 , ▁losing ▁out ▁in ▁the ▁quarter fin als . ▁ ▁In ▁summer ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁Team ▁G im ▁would ▁win ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Korean ▁National ▁Cur ling ▁Championship ▁after ▁ste aling ▁two ▁in ▁the ▁t enth ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁final ▁against ▁Kim ▁Min - ji . ▁To ▁start ▁their ▁tour ▁season , ▁her ▁team ▁had ▁a ▁quarter final ▁finish ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Cameron ' s ▁Brew ing ▁Oak ville ▁Fall ▁Classic . ▁They ▁followed ▁this ▁by ▁missing ▁the ▁play offs ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁St u ▁S ells ▁Oak ville ▁T ank ard , ▁a ▁sem if inal ▁finish ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁AM J ▁Campbell ▁Short y ▁Jen kins ▁Classic ▁and ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁K W ▁Fall ▁Classic ▁posting ▁a ▁perfect ▁ 7 – 0 ▁record ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁capt uring ▁the ▁title . ▁They ▁missed ▁the ▁play offs ▁at ▁their ▁next ▁two ▁events , ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁C url ers ▁Cor ner ▁Aut umn ▁Gold ▁Cur ling ▁Classic ▁and ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Canad ▁In ns ▁Women ' s ▁Classic . ▁At ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁Pacific - As ia ▁Cur ling ▁Championships , ▁Se
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ol ▁and ▁her ▁team ▁had ▁a ▁disappoint ing ▁finish . ▁After ▁going ▁ 6 – 1 ▁in ▁the ▁round ▁ro bin , ▁they ▁lost ▁the ▁sem if inal ▁to ▁China ' s ▁Han ▁Yu . ▁This ▁performance ▁meant ▁they ▁didn ' t ▁qualify ▁Korea ▁for ▁the ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁World ▁Championship ▁through ▁the ▁Pacific ▁region ▁and ▁would ▁have ▁to ▁play ▁in ▁the ▁World ▁Qual ification ▁Event ▁for ▁their ▁spot ▁in ▁the ▁World ' s . ▁Next ▁Team ▁G im ▁competed ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁B ound ary ▁Ford ▁Cur ling ▁Classic ▁where ▁they ▁lost ▁in ▁the ▁final ▁to ▁Kim ▁Min - ji . ▁Two ▁weeks ▁later , ▁they ▁played ▁in ▁the ▁Jim ▁Sull ivan ▁Cur ling ▁Classic ▁in ▁Saint ▁John , ▁New ▁Brun sw ick . ▁It ▁was ▁another ▁successful ▁run ▁for ▁the ▁r ink ▁as ▁they ▁went ▁ 7 - 0 ▁through ▁the ▁tournament ▁to ▁capture ▁the ▁title . ▁The ▁G im ▁r ink ▁went ▁und efe ated ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Qual ification ▁Event , ▁going ▁ 7 – 0 ▁in ▁the ▁round ▁ro bin ▁and ▁defe ating ▁Italy ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 ▁vs . ▁ 2 ▁play off ▁game ▁to ▁qualify ▁South ▁Korea ▁for ▁the ▁World ▁Championship . ▁The ▁team ▁was ▁set ▁to ▁represent ▁South ▁Korea ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 2 0 ▁World ▁Women ' s ▁Cur ling ▁Championship ▁before ▁the ▁event ▁got ▁cancelled ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 9 – 2 0 ▁coron avirus ▁pandemic . ▁The ▁World ▁Qual ification ▁Event ▁would
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▁be ▁their ▁last ▁event ▁of ▁the ▁season ▁as ▁the ▁remaining ▁two ▁events ▁( the ▁Players ' ▁Championship ▁and ▁the ▁Champions ▁Cup ▁Grand ▁Sl am ▁events ) ▁were ▁also ▁cancelled ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁pandemic . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Her ▁twin ▁sister ▁Se ol ▁Ye - ji ▁is ▁the ▁alternate ▁on ▁her ▁team . ▁ ▁Te ams ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Se oul ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁G ye ong gi ▁Province ▁Category : People ▁from ▁U ije ong bu ▁Category : South ▁Korean ▁female ▁cur lers <0x0A> </s> ▁Lis ia ▁G ó ra ▁may ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁following ▁places : ▁Lis ia ▁G ó ra , ▁Lesser ▁Poland ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁( s outh ▁Poland ) ▁Lis ia ▁G ó ra , ▁Lub usz ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁( west ▁Poland ) ▁Lis ia ▁G ó ra , ▁K art u zy ▁County ▁in ▁P omer an ian ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁( n orth ▁Poland ) ▁Lis ia ▁G ó ra , ▁S ł up sk ▁County ▁in ▁P omer an ian ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁( n orth ▁Poland ) ▁Lis ia ▁G ó ra , ▁West ▁P omer an ian ▁Vo iv odes hip ▁( n orth - west ▁Poland ) <0x0A> </s> ▁M ering o ▁is ▁a ▁civil ▁parish ▁of ▁Nar rom ine ▁County ▁in ▁central ▁New ▁South ▁Wales . ▁ ▁The ▁nearest ▁town
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▁is ▁Tr ang ie . ▁M ering o ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁Main ▁Western ▁railway ▁line , ▁New ▁South ▁Wales ▁between ▁Cath und ral ▁and ▁My all ▁M und i ▁railway ▁sid ings . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Cent ral ▁West ▁( New ▁South ▁Wales ) ▁Category : Par ishes ▁of ▁Nar rom ine ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁Tur bo ▁O cho ▁is ▁the ▁fifth ▁studio ▁album ▁released ▁by ▁Roger ▁C ly ne ▁and ▁the ▁Pe ac em akers . ▁It ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁Background ▁January ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Roger ▁C ly ne ▁& ▁the ▁Pe ac em akers ▁started ▁an ▁eight ▁consecutive ▁day ▁audio / video ▁chron icle . ▁A ▁revolutionary ▁reality - rec ording ▁experiment ▁where ▁the ▁band ▁and ▁crew ▁set ▁up ▁a ▁studio ▁in ▁a ▁seas ide ▁home ▁in ▁Rock y ▁Point , ▁Mexico ▁and ▁broadcast ▁daily ▁audio ▁and ▁video ▁episodes ▁of ▁a ▁song ▁a ▁day ▁to ▁thousands ▁of ▁fans ▁back ▁home ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁They ▁created ▁and ▁shared , ▁from ▁inspiration ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁mix , ▁ 8 ▁songs ▁in ▁ 8 ▁days . ▁Three ▁more ▁fan ▁favorites ▁were ▁added ▁to ▁the ▁song ▁line up ▁for ▁the ▁final ▁physical ▁release ▁two ▁months ▁later . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁" I ▁Spe ak ▁Your ▁Language " ▁- ▁ 2 : 5 8 ▁" State ▁of ▁the ▁Art " ▁- ▁ 3 : 5 0 ▁" I ▁Know ▁You ▁Know " ▁-
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▁ 2 : 4 5 ▁" Sum mer ▁Number ▁ 3 9 " ▁- ▁ 3 : 2 5 ▁" Mer cy " ▁- ▁ 3 : 2 4 ▁" I ▁Can ▁Dr ink ▁the ▁Water " ▁- 6 : 0 2 ▁" I ▁Do " ▁- ▁ 3 : 4 0 ▁" Per se phone " ▁- ▁ 3 : 2 2 ▁" Man ana " ▁- ▁ 3 : 4 7 ▁" Capt ain ▁Sub urb ia " ▁- ▁ 4 : 0 6 ▁" M ex icos is " ▁- ▁ 3 : 5 1 ▁ ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁albums ▁Category : R og er ▁C ly ne ▁and ▁the ▁Pe ac em akers ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁D ain ius ▁Š ul ia usk as ▁( born ▁ 2 7 ▁August ▁ 1 9 7 3 ) ▁is ▁a ▁retired ▁L ith uan ian ▁football ▁def ender , ▁who ▁last ▁played ▁for ▁F K ▁S ū du va ▁during ▁his ▁professional ▁career . ▁He ▁obtained ▁a ▁total ▁number ▁of ▁nine ▁caps ▁for ▁the ▁L ith u ania ▁national ▁football ▁team , ▁scoring ▁one ▁goal . ▁ ▁Hon ours ▁L ith u ania ▁Balt ic ▁Cup : ▁ 1 9 9 1 , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁Ž alg ir is ▁Vil ni us ▁A ▁Ly ga : ▁ 1 9 9 1 – 9 2 ▁L ith uan ian ▁Cup : ▁ 1 9 9 2 – 9 3 , ▁ 1 9 9 3 –
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9 4 , ▁ 1 9 9 6 – 9 7 ▁F B K ▁Ka un as ▁A ▁Ly ga : ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 7 3 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : L ith uan ian ▁football ers ▁Category : L ith u ania ▁international ▁football ers ▁Category : L ith uan ian ▁exp atri ate ▁football ers ▁Category : F K ▁Ž alg ir is ▁players ▁Category : FB K ▁Ka un as ▁football ers ▁Category : G KS ▁Be ł chat ów ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁In kar as ▁Ka un as ▁players ▁Category : F K ▁S ū du va ▁Mar ij amp ol ė ▁players ▁Category : FC ▁Vil ni us ▁players ▁Category : A ▁Ly ga ▁players ▁Category : E k str ak las a ▁players ▁Category : Ex pat ri ate ▁football ers ▁in ▁Poland ▁Category : L ith uan ian ▁exp atri ate ▁sports people ▁in ▁Poland ▁Category : Associ ation ▁football ▁defend ers <0x0A> </s> ▁Mar lo es ▁M ere ▁is ▁a ▁Site ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁( or ▁S SS I ) ▁in ▁P em bro k esh ire , ▁South ▁Wales . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁designated ▁as ▁a ▁Site ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁since ▁November ▁ 1 9 8 5 ▁in ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁protect ▁its ▁frag ile ▁biological ▁elements . ▁The ▁site ▁has ▁an ▁area ▁of ▁ 1 7 . 1 7 ▁he ct ares ▁and
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▁is ▁managed ▁by ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁Wales . ▁ ▁Type ▁This ▁site ▁is ▁notable ▁for ▁its ▁wet ▁acid ic ▁veget ation . ▁It ▁lies ▁in ▁a ▁hollow ▁on ▁the ▁Mar lo es ▁pen insula ▁lined ▁with ▁gl ac ial ▁s ilt ▁and ▁clay ▁and ▁each ▁winter ▁the ▁past ure ▁flood s . ▁Such ▁past ure ▁is ▁rare ▁in ▁West ▁Wales . ▁Scar ce ▁plants ▁occur ▁and ▁the ▁shallow ▁winter ▁waters ▁and ▁p onds ▁are ▁frequ ented ▁by ▁water f ow l . ▁The ▁mere ▁was ▁common ▁land ▁until ▁ 1 8 1 1 ; ▁at ▁that ▁time ▁Richard ▁F ent on ▁mentioned ▁that ▁it ▁ab ound ed ▁in ▁medic inal ▁le e ches ▁( H ir udo ▁medic inal is ), ▁from ▁which ▁the ▁vill agers ▁derived ▁a ▁considerable ▁trade . ▁ ▁R are ▁species ▁R are ▁plants ▁include : ▁ ▁three - l ob ed ▁crow foot ▁( R an un cul us ▁tri part it us ) ▁▁ ▁tub ular ▁water - drop wort ▁( O en ant he ▁fist ul osa ) ▁growing ▁on ▁the ▁marg ins ▁of ▁the ▁dit ches , ▁reserv oirs ▁and ▁pool s ▁ ▁winter ing ▁wild f ow l ▁include ▁w ige on , ▁sh ov eler , ▁pint ail , ▁te al ▁and ▁m all ard ▁ ▁the ▁great ▁green ▁bush - cr icket ▁( T ett ig onia ▁vir id iss ima ), ▁and ▁the ▁mar sh ▁f rit ill ary ▁butter fly ▁( E up h yd ry as ▁aur in ia )
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▁▁ ▁six ▁dragon fl ies ▁including ▁the ▁emperor ▁dragon fly ▁( An ax ▁imper ator ). ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁S ites ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁in ▁P em bro k esh ire ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁Wales ▁website ▁ ▁Category : S ites ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁in ▁P em bro k esh ire <0x0A> </s> ▁Ing ain ▁is ▁an ▁ext inct ▁Ge ▁language ▁of ▁Brazil . ▁Kim da ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁a ▁dialect . ▁ ▁Related ▁" South ▁Ka ing á ng " ▁languages ▁were : ▁Gu ay ana ▁/ ▁Way ana ▁/ ▁G ual ach í ▁/ ▁Gu an han an ▁- ▁ext inct ▁language ▁once ▁spoken ▁between ▁the ▁U rugu ay ▁River ▁and ▁Par an á ▁River , ▁Rio ▁Grande ▁do ▁Sul , ▁Brazil ▁Am h ó ▁or ▁Iv itor oc á i ▁- ▁ext inct ▁language ▁from ▁R i ach o ▁Iv itor ac á i , ▁Par agu ay . ▁List ed ▁as ▁separate ▁from ▁the ▁Ing ain ▁cluster ▁by ▁Mason ▁( 1 9 5 0 ). ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Ka ing ang ▁language ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : J ê ▁languages ▁Category : Ext inct ▁languages ▁of ▁South ▁America ▁Category : L anguages ▁of ▁Brazil ▁Category : L anguages ▁ext inct ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 th ▁century <0x0A> </s> ▁Raj ak um ari ▁() ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁T amil ▁soap ▁opera ▁that ▁a ired ▁on ▁Sun ▁TV ▁from ▁ 2 8 ▁January
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▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁to ▁ 7 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁for ▁ 9 4 ▁episodes . ▁ ▁The ▁show ▁premier ed ▁on ▁Monday ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁It ▁a ired ▁Monday ▁through ▁Friday ▁at ▁ 8 : 3 0 pm ▁I ST . ▁The ▁show ▁star ring ▁by ▁Ram ya ▁Kr ish nan , ▁Sar ath ▁Bab u , ▁Ge eth a , ▁N al ini ▁and ▁Men aka . ▁ ▁The ▁show ▁Direct ed ▁by ▁R aja , ▁writer ▁by ▁S . ▁Ash ok ▁Kum ar ▁and ▁screen play ▁by ▁R . ▁V ij ay . ▁The ▁show ▁last ▁a ired ▁on ▁ 7 ▁June ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁and ▁ended ▁with ▁ 9 4 ▁episodes . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁a ired ▁in ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁T amil ▁Channel ▁on ▁Vas anth am ▁TV . ▁ ▁Plot ▁N il amp ari ▁( R am ya ▁Kr ish nan ) ▁wants ▁to ▁lead ▁a ▁simple ▁and ▁peaceful ▁life . ▁But ▁people ▁around ▁her ▁are ▁having ▁different ▁mot ives . ▁This ▁causes ▁lots ▁of ▁problems ▁to ▁her ▁and ▁she ▁faces ▁them ▁with ▁her ▁positive ▁energy ▁and ▁support ▁from ▁few ▁faithful ▁friends ▁and ▁relatives . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁Ram ya ▁Kr ish nan ▁as ▁N il amb ari ▁ ▁Sar ath ▁Bab u ▁as ▁S ival ing am ▁ ▁R aja ▁Kr ish nam o orth y ▁ ▁as ▁Mah aling am ▁ ▁" O or v amb u " ▁L ak sh mi ▁as ▁ ▁Sel
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vi ▁ ▁Ge eth a ▁as ▁L ak sh mi ▁Mah aling am ▁ ▁N al ini ▁as ▁Mall iga ▁ ▁Men aka ▁as ▁ ▁Dur ga ▁S ival ing am ▁ ▁Af ser ▁bab u ▁as ▁Sh ank ar ▁ ▁L ath a ▁R ao ▁as ▁Man ju ▁ ▁Sid har ath ▁as ▁San j ay ▁ ▁R ames h ▁as ▁▁ ▁K ut ty ▁P oo ja ▁as ▁Su j ath a ▁Bh uv ana ▁( B hav ana ) ▁as ▁Pr ith i ▁▁ ▁S ath ish ▁as ▁S ath ish ▁ ▁K arth i ▁as ▁Pr ade ep ▁ ▁Ven kat ▁as ▁Kath ir ava ▁ ▁K avi ya ▁as ▁N and h ini ▁ ▁Ash r ith a ▁King ini ▁as ▁Deep a ▁▁ ▁Nathan ▁Sh y am ▁as ▁Ma he sh ▁ ▁V et riv el ▁as ▁R ames h ▁ ▁T . T . V . R aman uj am ▁as ▁Sam i ▁g ur uk al ▁-- as ▁Raj ag op al ▁ ▁Len in ▁An pan ▁ ▁International ▁broadcast ▁The ▁Series ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁January ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁on ▁Sun ▁TV . ▁The ▁Show ▁was ▁also ▁broadcast ▁internation ally ▁on ▁Channel ' s ▁international ▁distribution . ▁It ▁air s ▁in ▁Sri ▁L anka , ▁Singapore , ▁Malaysia , ▁South ▁East ▁Asia , ▁Middle ▁East , ▁United ▁States , ▁Canada , ▁Europe , ▁O ce ania , ▁South ▁Africa ▁and ▁Sub ▁S ah aran ▁Africa ▁on ▁Sun ▁TV . ▁The
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▁show ' s ▁episodes ▁were ▁released ▁on ▁Vision ▁Time ▁T amil ▁YouTube ▁channel ▁from ▁ 1 9 ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 6 . ▁▁▁ ▁In ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁T amil ▁Channel ▁on ▁Vas anth am ▁TV . ▁It ▁a ired ▁Monday ▁through ▁Friday ▁at ▁ 1 1 : 0 0 AM ▁S ST . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁programs ▁broadcast ▁by ▁Sun ▁TV ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Website ▁▁ ▁Category : Sun ▁TV ▁television ▁series ▁Category : T amil - language ▁television ▁soap ▁oper as ▁Category : T amil ▁Nad u ▁drama ▁television ▁series ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁T amil - language ▁television ▁series ▁debut s ▁Category : T amil - language ▁television ▁programs ▁Category : 2 0 1 3 ▁T amil - language ▁television ▁series ▁end ings <0x0A> </s> ▁CD 1 3 7 ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁tum or ▁ne c ros is ▁factor ▁( T NF ) ▁re ceptor ▁family . ▁Its ▁alternative ▁names ▁are ▁tum or ▁ne c ros is ▁factor ▁re ceptor ▁super family ▁member ▁ 9 ▁( T N FR SF 9 ), ▁ 4 - 1 BB ▁and ▁induced ▁by ▁l ym ph ocy te ▁activation ▁( IL A ). ▁It ▁is ▁of ▁interest ▁to ▁imm un ologists ▁as ▁a ▁co - st im ul atory ▁immune ▁check point ▁mole cule . ▁ ▁Expression ▁ ▁CD 1 3 7 ▁can ▁be ▁expressed ▁by ▁activated ▁T ▁cells , ▁but ▁to ▁a ▁larger ▁extent ▁on ▁CD 8 ▁than
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▁on ▁CD 4 ▁T ▁cells . ▁In ▁addition , ▁CD 1 3 7 ▁expression ▁is ▁found ▁on ▁d end rit ic ▁cells , ▁B ▁cells , ▁fol lic ular ▁d end rit ic ▁cells , ▁natural ▁killer ▁cells , ▁gran ul ocy tes ▁and ▁cells ▁of ▁blood ▁vessel ▁walls ▁at ▁sites ▁of ▁infl amm ation . ▁ ▁Specific ▁effects ▁on ▁cells ▁ ▁The ▁best ▁characterized ▁activity ▁of ▁CD 1 3 7 ▁is ▁its ▁cost im ul atory ▁activity ▁for ▁activated ▁T ▁cells . ▁Cross link ing ▁of ▁CD 1 3 7 ▁enh ances ▁T ▁cell ▁pro lifer ation , ▁IL - 2 ▁secret ion , ▁survival ▁and ▁c yt ol yt ic ▁activity . ▁Further , ▁it ▁can ▁enhance ▁immune ▁activity ▁to ▁eliminate ▁tum ors ▁in ▁m ice . ▁ ▁Inter actions ▁▁ ▁CD 1 3 7 ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁interact ▁with ▁T RA F 2 . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁drug ▁target ▁ ▁Ut om il um ab ▁Ut om il um ab ▁( PF - 0 5 0 8 2 5 6 6 ) ▁targets ▁this ▁re ceptor ▁to ▁stim ulate ▁a ▁more ▁intense ▁immune ▁system ▁attack ▁on ▁can cers . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁fully ▁human ▁I g G 2 ▁mon oc l onal ▁antib ody . ▁It ▁is ▁in ▁early ▁clinical ▁trials . ▁▁ 5 ▁clinical ▁trials ▁are ▁active . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁▁ 4 - 1 BB ▁lig and ▁ ▁U rel um ab ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category :
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On c ology ▁Category : Im mun ology <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Morris ▁Moh awk ▁G aming ▁Group ▁( MM GG ) ▁is ▁a ▁business - to - business ▁organization ▁which ▁concentr ates ▁particularly ▁on ▁the ▁ind igenous ▁population ▁of ▁North ▁America ▁by ▁providing ▁technology ▁services ▁to ▁Native - owned ▁Casino ▁industry ▁in ▁the ▁region . ▁ ▁A ▁private ▁company , ▁the ▁M M GG ▁is ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁the ▁Moh awk ▁Terr itory ▁of ▁K ahn aw ake ▁in ▁Quebec , ▁Canada ▁– ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁seven ▁communities ▁that ▁make ▁up ▁the ▁Moh awk ▁Nation . ▁The ▁M M GG ▁operates ▁purs u ant ▁to ▁a ▁remote ▁gaming ▁license ▁issued ▁by ▁the ▁K ahn aw ake ▁G aming ▁Commission , ▁and ▁is ▁authorized ▁by ▁that ▁license ▁to ▁offer ▁gaming ▁services ▁worldwide . ▁The ▁M M GG ▁is ▁led ▁by ▁its ▁CEO ▁Al w yn ▁Morris , ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Moh awk ▁nation ▁in ▁K ahn aw ake , ▁and ▁recipient ▁of ▁Order ▁of ▁Canada , ▁the ▁highest ▁order ▁that ▁can ▁be ▁best owed ▁upon ▁a ▁Canadian ▁civilian . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁a ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁interview ▁with ▁CEO ▁Al w yn ▁Morris , ▁following ▁the ▁passage ▁of ▁anti - online ▁gambling ▁legislation ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Congress ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 , ▁the ▁original , ▁Ant igua - based ▁Bod og ▁gaming ▁enterprise ▁resolved ▁to ▁withdraw ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁market . ▁Se izing ▁upon ▁the ▁opportunity , ▁the ▁M M GG ▁then ▁approached ▁Bod og
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▁and ▁negoti ated ▁an ▁exclusive ▁license ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁brand ▁for ▁the ▁purposes ▁of ▁marketing ▁the ▁M M GG ' s ▁online ▁gaming ▁services ▁within ▁that ▁region . ▁In ▁July , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Bod og ▁Brand ▁issued ▁a ▁press ▁release ▁announ cing ▁that ▁the ▁brand ▁license ▁arrangement ▁with ▁the ▁M M GG ▁would ▁be ▁term inated ▁effective ▁December ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁On ▁December ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁M M GG ▁announced ▁that ▁it ▁would ▁no ▁longer ▁operate ▁any ▁Bod og - br anded ▁websites ▁and ▁transition ed ▁all ▁customers ▁to ▁its ▁new ▁site . ▁ ▁Dom ain ▁Names ▁ ▁The ▁M M GG ▁originally ▁licensed ▁the ▁www . b od og . com ▁domain ▁from ▁Bod og ▁as ▁an ▁element ▁of ▁their ▁brand ▁license ▁arrangements , ▁but ▁this ▁domain ▁name ▁was ▁seized ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁during ▁a ▁patent ▁dispute ▁between ▁one ▁of ▁Bod og ’ s ▁domain ▁management ▁suppliers ▁and ▁a ▁company ▁named ▁ 1 st ▁Technology ▁LLC . ▁ ▁In ▁April ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁Morris ▁Moh awk ▁G aming ▁Group , ▁though ▁not ▁a ▁party ▁to ▁the ▁lit igation , ▁settled ▁the ▁case ▁with ▁ 1 st ▁Technology , ▁acquired ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁seized ▁domains , ▁and ▁returned ▁its ▁website ▁to ▁the ▁original ▁www . b od og . com ▁domain . ▁ ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁the ▁group
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▁announced ▁its ▁intention ▁to ▁allow ▁its ▁license ▁agreement ▁with ▁Bod og Br and . com ▁for ▁the ▁Bod og . com ▁domain ▁to ▁exp ire ▁and ▁that ▁it ▁had ▁migr ated ▁its ▁services ▁to ▁www . B od og . eu . ▁Al w yn ▁Morris ▁commented ▁on ▁the ▁transition ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁domain , ▁indicating ▁that ▁the ▁. E U ▁domain ▁would ▁" appe al ▁more ▁directly ▁to ▁the ▁new ▁markets ▁we ▁plan ▁to ▁enter ". ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁the ▁group ▁ce ased ▁operations ▁of ▁any ▁Bod og - br anded ▁websites . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Al w yn ▁stepped ▁away ▁from ▁his ▁role ▁as ▁an ▁operator ▁to ▁focus ▁solely ▁on ▁consulting ▁and ▁adv ising ▁those ▁looking ▁to ▁end ▁in ▁the ▁newly ▁reg ulated ▁US ▁gaming ▁market . ▁After ▁more ▁than ▁eight ▁years ▁in ▁the ▁K ahn aw ake ▁region ▁of ▁Quebec ▁in ▁Canada , ▁the ▁group ▁term inated ▁its ▁operations ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Def unct ▁gambling ▁companies ▁Category : Def unct ▁poker ▁companies ▁Category : G am bling ▁companies ▁established ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁Category : G am bling ▁companies ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁F irm ic ute ▁Ph age ▁ φ U 5 3 ▁Hol in ▁( φ U 5 3 ▁Hol in ) ▁Family ▁( TC # ▁ 1 . E . 1 3 ) ▁consists ▁of
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▁put ative ▁hol ins ▁that ▁range ▁in ▁size ▁from ▁ 1 1 7 ▁to ▁ 1 2 4 ▁am ino ▁ac yl ▁resid ues ▁( a as ) ▁in ▁length ▁and ▁exhibit ▁ 3 ▁trans mem br ane ▁segments ▁( T MS s ) ▁found ▁in ▁F irm ic ute ▁ph age . ▁While ▁an not ated ▁as ▁hol ins , ▁it ▁appears ▁as ▁though ▁many ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁ φ U 5 3 ▁hol in ▁family ▁are ▁not ▁yet ▁function ally ▁characterized . ▁A ▁representative ▁list ▁of ▁hom olog ues ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁Trans porter ▁Class ification ▁Database . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Hol in ▁ ▁L ys in ▁ ▁Trans porter ▁Class ification ▁Database ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁▁ ▁Chand ry , ▁P . ▁S .; ▁Moore , ▁S . ▁C .; ▁Boy ce , ▁J . ▁D .; ▁David son , ▁B . ▁E .; ▁Hill ier , ▁A . ▁J . ▁( 1 9 9 7 - 1 0 - 0 1 ). ▁" Analysis ▁of ▁the ▁DNA ▁sequence , ▁gene ▁expression , ▁origin ▁of ▁re plication ▁and ▁mod ular ▁structure ▁of ▁the ▁L act oc occ us ▁la ct is ▁l yt ic ▁bacter i oph age ▁sk 1 ". ▁M ole cular ▁Micro bi ology ▁ 2 6 ▁( 1 ): ▁ 4 9 – 6 4 . ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁Sa ier , ▁Mil ton ▁H .; ▁Red dy , ▁Bh ask ara ▁L . ▁( 2 0 1 5 - 0 1 - 0
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1 ). ▁" Hol ins ▁in ▁B acter ia , ▁E uk ary otes , ▁and ▁Arch ae a : ▁Mult if unction al ▁X en olog ues ▁with ▁Pot ential ▁Bi ote chn ological ▁and ▁Bi omed ical ▁Ap plications ". ▁Journal ▁of ▁B acter i ology ▁ 1 9 7 ( 1 ): ▁ 7 – 1 7 . ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁Wang , ▁I . ▁N .; ▁Smith , ▁D . ▁L .; ▁Young , ▁R . ▁( 2 0 0 0 - 0 1 - 0 1 ). ▁" Hol ins : ▁the ▁protein ▁cl ocks ▁of ▁bacter i oph age ▁in fections ". ▁Annual ▁Review ▁of ▁Micro bi ology ▁ 5 4 : ▁ 7 9 9 – 8 2 5 . ▁. ▁. ▁. ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Prote in ▁families ▁Category : Mem br ane ▁prote ins ▁Category : Trans mem br ane ▁prote ins ▁Category : Trans mem br ane ▁trans por ters ▁Category : Transport ▁prote ins ▁Category : Integr al ▁membr ane ▁prote ins ▁Category : Hol ins <0x0A> </s> ▁D ism orph ia ▁le wy i ▁is ▁a ▁butter fly ▁in ▁the ▁ ▁family ▁Pier idae . ▁It ▁is ▁found ▁from ▁Venezuela ▁to ▁Bol ivia . ▁ ▁The ▁wings pan ▁is ▁. ▁ ▁Sub spec ies ▁The ▁following ▁sub spec ies ▁are ▁recognised : ▁D ism orph ia ▁le wy i ▁le wy i ▁( Col omb ia ) ▁D ism orph ia ▁le wy i ▁nas ua
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▁( C . ▁& ▁R . ▁Fel der , ▁ 1 8 6 1 ) ▁( V enez uela ) ▁D ism orph ia ▁le wy i ▁le on ora ▁( H ew its on , ▁ 1 8 6 9 ) ▁( E cu ador ) ▁D ism orph ia ▁le wy i ▁bol iv iens is ▁R ö ber , ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁( B ol ivia ) ▁D ism orph ia ▁le wy i ▁dol or ita ▁F ass l , ▁ 1 9 1 0 ▁( Col omb ia ) ▁D ism orph ia ▁le wy i ▁re becca ▁Lam as , ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁( Per u ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : D ism or phi ina e ▁Category : But ter fl ies ▁described ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 2 ▁Category : P ier idae ▁of ▁South ▁America <0x0A> </s> ▁__ NOT OC __ ▁Ta ish an ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁ ▁Mount ▁Tai ▁or ▁Ta ish an ▁( ), ▁Sh and ong , ▁China ▁Ta ish an , ▁Gu ang d ong ▁( ), ▁a ▁county - level ▁city ▁of ▁Ji ang men , ▁Gu ang d ong , ▁China ▁Gre ater ▁Ta ish an ▁Region ▁( ), ▁a ▁region ▁in ▁Gu ang d ong ▁consisting ▁of ▁the ▁cities ▁of ▁Ta ish an , ▁Ka ip ing , ▁X in hui , ▁Ji ang men , ▁En ping ▁and ▁H es han ▁Ta ish an ▁District , ▁Tai ' an
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▁( ), ▁a ▁district ▁in ▁Tai ' an , ▁Sh and ong , ▁China ▁Ta ish an ▁District , ▁New ▁Tai pe i ▁( ), ▁a ▁district ▁in ▁New ▁Tai pe i , ▁Taiwan ▁ ▁Sub d istrict s ▁in ▁China ▁Ta ish an ▁Sub d istrict , ▁N anj ing ▁( ), ▁in ▁P uk ou ▁District , ▁N anj ing , ▁Ji ang su ▁Ta ish an ▁Sub d istrict , ▁X uz hou ▁( ), ▁in ▁Qu ans han ▁District , ▁X uz hou , ▁Ji ang su ▁Ta ish an ▁Sub d istrict , ▁J il in ▁City ▁( ), ▁in ▁F eng man ▁District , ▁J il in ▁City , ▁J il in ▁Province ▁ ▁Town s ▁in ▁China ▁Ta ish an , ▁Hen an ▁( ), ▁in ▁Hu oj ia ▁County , ▁Hen an ▁Ta ish an , ▁Ba ichen g ▁( ), ▁in ▁Da ' an , ▁J il in ▁ ▁Town ships ▁in ▁China ▁Ta ish an ▁Township , ▁G ans u ▁( ), ▁in ▁Li ang d ang ▁County , ▁G ans u ▁Ta ish an ▁Township , ▁Ji ang xi ▁( ), ▁in ▁An fu ▁County , ▁Ji ang xi ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Da ish an ▁County , ▁Z he ji ang , ▁China ▁Ta ish an ese , ▁a ▁dialect ▁of ▁Y ue ▁Chinese ▁and ▁a ▁sister ▁dialect ▁of ▁Gu ang z hou ▁Cant ones e ▁Ta ish an ese ▁people , ▁the ▁people ▁who ▁res ide ▁in ▁or ▁have ▁ancest ry
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▁in ▁the ▁Gre ater ▁Ta ish an ▁Region ▁Sh and ong ▁L un eng ▁Ta ish an ▁F . C ., ▁a ▁Chinese ▁football ▁club ▁based ▁in ▁Jin an , ▁Sh and ong ▁Ta ish an ▁Command ery , ▁historical ▁command ery ▁of ▁China ▁Tai ▁Shan ▁( dis ambigu ation ) ▁Ta ish ang ▁( dis ambigu ation ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Al ▁Kh ari ▁is ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁a ▁settlement ▁in ▁R as ▁Al ▁Kh aim ah , ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Arab ▁Em ir ates ▁( U AE ). ▁ ▁Category : V ill ages ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Arab ▁Em ir ates ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁R as ▁Al ▁Kh aim ah <0x0A> </s> ▁De ird re ▁O ' Conn ell ▁( born ▁December ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 1 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁character ▁actress ▁who ▁has ▁worked ▁extens ively ▁on ▁stage , ▁screen , ▁and ▁television . ▁ ▁O ' Conn ell ▁began ▁her ▁career ▁at ▁Stage ▁One , ▁an ▁experimental ▁theatre ▁at ▁the ▁Boston ▁Center ▁for ▁the ▁Arts . ▁She ▁made ▁her ▁Broadway ▁debut ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 6 ▁rev ival ▁of ▁The ▁Front ▁Page , ▁and ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁Dr ama ▁Des k ▁Award ▁for ▁Out standing ▁Feature d ▁Act ress ▁in ▁a ▁Play ▁for ▁her ▁performance ▁in ▁the ▁off - Broad way ▁production ▁Love ▁and ▁Ang er . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁recipient ▁of ▁two ▁Dr ama - Log ue ▁Awards ▁and ▁a ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁Dr
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ama ▁Crit ics ▁Circle ▁Award ▁for ▁her ▁stage ▁work ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles . ▁ ▁O ' Conn ell ▁made ▁her ▁screen ▁debut ▁in ▁T in ▁Men . ▁Additional ▁film ▁credits ▁include ▁State ▁of ▁Grace , ▁Stra ight ▁Talk , ▁Le aving ▁Normal , ▁F ear less , ▁City ▁of ▁Ang els , ▁He arts ▁in ▁Atl ant is , ▁Im ag inary ▁Hero es , ▁E ternal ▁Sun shine ▁of ▁the ▁Spot less ▁Mind , ▁Wend y ▁and ▁Lucy , ▁What ▁H app ens ▁in ▁Vegas , ▁Second hand ▁L ions , ▁and ▁Sy ne cd oche , ▁New ▁York . ▁ ▁O ' Conn ell ' s ▁first ▁television ▁credit ▁was ▁Fern wood ▁ 2 ▁Night ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 7 . ▁She ▁was ▁a ▁regular ▁on ▁L . A . ▁Do ctors ▁and ▁has ▁made ▁numerous ▁guest ▁appearances ▁on ▁series ▁such ▁as ▁Kate ▁& ▁All ie , ▁Chicago ▁Hope , ▁ ▁The ▁Practice , ▁Six ▁Fe et ▁Under , ▁Law ▁& ▁Order : ▁Crim inal ▁Intent , ▁and ▁Nur se ▁Jackie . ▁From ▁ 1 9 9 4 - 2 0 1 0 , ▁O ' Conn ell ▁appeared ▁on ▁six ▁episodes ▁of ▁Law ▁& ▁Order , ▁four ▁of ▁them ▁as ▁Dr . ▁Val erie ▁Knight , ▁An ita ▁Van ▁B uren ' s ▁on c ologist ▁in ▁Season ▁ 2 0 . ▁ ▁Awards ▁and ▁nom inations ▁O v ation ▁Awards ▁ 2 0 1 0 : ▁Won ▁the ▁award ▁for ▁Feature d ▁Act ress ▁in ▁a ▁Play ▁for
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▁the ▁role ▁of ▁Jud y ▁in ▁the ▁Center ▁Theatre ▁Group ▁production ▁of ▁" The ▁W ake " ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁Film ▁ ▁Television ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁De ird re ▁O ' Conn ell ▁at ▁the ▁L ort el ▁Archives ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : American ▁stage ▁actress es ▁Category : American ▁film ▁actress es ▁Category : American ▁television ▁actress es ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁actress es ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁American ▁actress es <0x0A> </s> ▁ 1 ▁F TS ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁▁ 1 st ▁F lying ▁Training ▁Squadron , ▁United ▁States ▁ ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁F lying ▁Training ▁School ▁R AF , ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁ ▁No . ▁ 1 ▁F lying ▁Training ▁School ▁R AA F , ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁George ▁Herbert ▁Ward ▁( 1 8 6 2 – 1 9 4 6 ) ▁was ▁Arch de acon ▁of ▁Wis be ch ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁▁ ▁Ward ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Mal vern ▁and ▁H ert ford ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁and ▁became ▁an ▁Assistant ▁Master ▁at ▁St ▁Paul ' s ▁School , ▁London . ▁He ▁was ▁ord ained ▁De acon ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁and ▁Pri est ▁in ▁ 1 8 9 4 ; ▁and ▁served ▁as ▁Cur ate ▁of ▁ ▁St ▁Mat th
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ias , ▁Earl ' s ▁Court ▁until ▁ 1 8 9 8 . ▁He ▁was ▁Head master ▁of ▁All ▁S aints ’ ▁School , ▁Blo x ham ▁from ▁ 1 8 9 8 ▁to ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁when ▁he ▁became ▁R ector ▁of ▁Hil g ay . ▁He ▁was ▁Pro ctor ▁in ▁Con v ocation ▁for ▁the ▁Di oc ese ▁of ▁E ly ▁from ▁ 1 9 2 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 3 5 . ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁ 1 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁ ▁Notes ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 6 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : People ▁educated ▁at ▁Mal vern ▁College ▁Category : Al umn i ▁of ▁H ert ford ▁College , ▁Oxford ▁Category : Arch de ac ons ▁of ▁Wis be ch ▁Category : 1 9 4 6 ▁deaths <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁En cycl op a edia ▁Camb ren sis ▁or ▁Y ▁G wy dd oni ad ur ▁C ym re ig ▁ ▁was ▁the ▁most ▁ambitious ▁enc ycl op edia ▁in ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁language . ▁It ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ten ▁volumes ▁between ▁ 1 8 5 4 ▁and ▁ 1 8 7 9 ▁by ▁Thomas ▁Ge e ▁on ▁his ▁press ▁in ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Den b igh , ▁G was g ▁Ge e . ▁The ▁general ▁editor ▁was ▁John ▁Par ry , ▁Ge e ' s ▁brother ▁in - law ▁and ▁lect urer ▁at ▁the ▁College ▁of ▁B ala . ▁It ▁remains ▁the ▁largest ▁paper ▁publication ▁in ▁Wel sh ▁today . ▁
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▁The ▁project ▁cost ▁for ▁Ge e ▁was ▁about ▁£ 2 0 , 0 0 0 ▁which ▁was ▁equivalent ▁to ▁£ 1 , 0 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ ▁Description ▁▁ ▁The ▁En cycl op a edia ▁Camb ren sis ▁includes ▁nearly ▁ 9 , 0 0 0 ▁pages ▁in ▁double ▁columns . ▁While ▁the ▁number ▁of ▁articles ▁relating ▁to ▁the ▁Bible ▁and ▁the ology ▁is ▁significantly ▁higher ▁than ▁expected ▁in ▁such ▁a ▁reference ▁work ▁today , ▁it ▁also ▁includes ▁a ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁bi ographical ▁articles , ▁articles ▁on ▁Wel sh ▁history ▁and ▁literature , ▁science , ▁ge ography ▁and ▁other ▁Celt ic ▁nations . ▁ ▁Among ▁the ▁numerous ▁contributors ▁were ▁Owen ▁Morgan ▁Edwards ▁and ▁John ▁Morris - J ones . ▁The ▁article ▁that ▁the ▁latter ▁contributed ▁on ▁the ▁Wel sh ▁language ▁was ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁basis ▁for ▁his ▁A ▁Wel sh ▁Gram mar , ▁Historical ▁and ▁Compar ative . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 5 4 ▁books ▁Category : W el sh - language ▁enc ycl oped ias ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁enc ycl oped ias ▁Category : National ▁enc ycl oped ias <0x0A> </s> ▁NGC ▁ 2 5 0 6 ▁is ▁a ▁mild ly - el ong ated ▁open ▁cluster ▁of ▁stars ▁in ▁the ▁equ ator ial ▁const ell ation ▁of ▁Mon oc eros , ▁located ▁at ▁a ▁distance ▁of ▁ ▁from ▁the ▁Sun ▁near ▁the ▁Gal actic ▁anti - center . ▁It ▁was ▁discovered ▁by
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▁William ▁H ers chel ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 1 . ▁The ▁cluster ▁lies ▁around ▁ ▁from ▁the ▁Gal actic ▁Center ▁and ▁about ▁ ▁above ▁the ▁Gal actic ▁plane . ▁It ▁is ▁of ▁intermediate ▁age , ▁estimated ▁at ▁around ▁two ▁billion ▁years . ▁The ▁cluster ▁has ▁an ▁angular ▁radius ▁of ▁ ▁and ▁a ▁core ▁radius ▁of ▁. ▁ ▁At ▁least ▁ 9 4 ▁probable ▁members ▁have ▁been ▁identified ▁within ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁NGC ▁ 2 5 0 6 ▁based ▁upon ▁their ▁radial ▁veloc ities . ▁Comp ared ▁to ▁the ▁Sun , ▁the ▁cluster ▁is ▁moder ately ▁metal - po or ▁with ▁an ▁iron ▁abundance ▁of ▁[ Fe / H ] ▁= ▁– 0 . 3 dex . ▁It ▁shows ▁indic ations ▁of ▁mass ▁seg regation , ▁with ▁the ▁lower ▁mass ▁members ▁being ▁more ▁likely ▁to ▁be ▁in ▁the ▁outer ▁parts ▁of ▁the ▁cluster . ▁This ▁is ▁the ▁result ▁of ▁exchange ▁of ▁k inet ic ▁energy ▁during ▁enc ounters ▁between ▁the ▁members . ▁Tw elve ▁blue ▁str agg ler ▁stars ▁have ▁been ▁located ▁in ▁the ▁cluster , ▁with ▁three ▁of ▁them ▁showing ▁short - period ▁oscill ation . ▁Four teen ▁G amma ▁Dor ad us ▁variables ▁have ▁been ▁found , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁two ▁det ached ▁e cl ips ing ▁bin aries , ▁and ▁three ▁Delta ▁Sc uti ▁stars . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁NGC ▁ 2 5 0 6 ▁NGC ▁ 2 5 0 6 ▁ 2 5 0 6 ▁ 0 5 4 ▁Category : A str
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onom ical ▁objects ▁discovered ▁in ▁ 1 7 9 1 <0x0A> </s> ▁As sh ole , ▁the ▁second ▁solo ▁album ▁by ▁Kiss ' s ▁Gene ▁Sim mons , ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁on ▁San ct uary ▁Records . ▁Its ▁controversial ▁title ▁does ▁not ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁front ▁cover . ▁On ▁the ▁side ▁of ▁the ▁CD ▁case ▁the ▁title ▁reads ▁" ass hole ". ▁" It ' s ▁just ▁another ▁way ▁of ▁me ▁saying , ▁' I ▁don ' t ▁care ▁what ▁anyone ▁says ▁about ▁me ," ▁he ▁declared . ▁" I ' m ▁pre empt ing ▁what ▁people ▁say ▁and ▁therefore ▁diff using ▁the ▁power ▁of ▁my ▁det ract ors ." ▁ ▁The ▁album ▁contains ▁songs ▁by ▁Sim mons ▁based ▁on ▁work ▁by ▁Bob ▁Dylan ▁and ▁Frank ▁Z appa , ▁among ▁others . ▁Dave ▁Nav ar ro ▁plays ▁guitar ▁on ▁the ▁Pro dig y ▁cover ▁" Fire st arter ". ▁ ▁Production ▁" Black ▁T ong ue " ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁an ▁un finished ▁song ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name ▁composed ▁by ▁Frank ▁Z appa . ▁Sim mons ▁licensed ▁a ▁recording ▁of ▁Z appa ▁playing ▁the ▁initial ▁r iff ▁and ▁built ▁a ▁new ▁composition ▁around ▁it , ▁with ▁playing ▁by ▁D we ez il ▁Z appa ▁and ▁backup ▁vocals ▁by ▁D we ez il , ▁Ah met ▁Z appa , ▁Moon ▁Unit ▁Z appa ▁and ▁Frank ▁Z appa ' s ▁wid ow , ▁G ail . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁The ▁Japanese ▁edition ▁featured ▁two ▁bonus ▁tracks : ▁Every body
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▁Know s ▁and ▁You ' re ▁My ▁Re ason ▁For ▁Living . ▁ ▁Person nel ▁ ▁Gene ▁Sim mons , ▁vocals . ▁R hythm ▁gu it ars ▁and ▁bass ▁on ▁track ▁ 3 , ▁bass ▁on ▁tracks ▁ 1 , ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 1 ▁ ▁Mark ▁Add ison , ▁drums , ▁bass , ▁key boards , ▁guitar , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 5 ▁ ▁Michelle ▁Cas io , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 8 ▁ ▁Dan ▁Cup rier , ▁drums ▁on ▁track ▁ 8 ▁ ▁Jeff ▁Die hl , ▁key boards ▁on ▁track ▁ 7 ▁ ▁Zach ary ▁Grant , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 7 ▁ ▁Rich ie ▁Kot zen , ▁gu it ars ▁on ▁tracks ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 1 ▁ ▁Bruce ▁K ul ick , ▁gu it ars ▁on ▁tracks ▁ 1 ▁& ▁ 3 ▁ ▁Brian ▁Le B art on , ▁piano ▁on ▁track ▁ 8 ▁ ▁Holl ad ▁Mc R ae , ▁lead ▁guitar ▁on ▁track ▁ 8 ▁ ▁Dave ▁Nav ar ro , ▁guitar ▁on ▁track ▁ 2 ▁ ▁K yl ie ▁O ' B rien , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 7 ▁ ▁Chris ▁Par r ish , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 1 1 ▁ ▁Steve ▁Par r ish , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 1 1 ▁ ▁Thomas ▁Ru ud , ▁lead ▁guitar , ▁rhythm ▁guitar ▁on ▁track ▁ 6 ▁ ▁Eric ▁S inger , ▁drums ▁on ▁tracks ▁ 1 ▁& ▁ 3 ▁ ▁Nina
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▁Singh , ▁drums , ▁guitar , ▁per cussion , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 5 ▁ ▁Frank ▁Al bin ▁T ost rup , ▁drums , ▁bass , ▁rhythm ▁gu it ars , ▁per cussion ▁on ▁track ▁ 6 ▁ ▁Louise ▁T we ed , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 8 ▁ ▁Sh annon ▁T we ed , ▁background ▁noise ▁on ▁track ▁ 8 ▁ ▁Nick ▁T we ed ▁Sim mons , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 1 1 ▁ ▁Sophie ▁T we ed ▁Sim mons , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 7 ▁ ▁N ira ▁We iss , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 8 ▁ ▁Dave ▁Williams , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 8 ▁ ▁Ah met ▁Z appa , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 1 0 ▁ ▁D we ez il ▁Z appa , ▁guitar ▁solo , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 1 0 ▁ ▁Frank ▁Z appa , ▁gu it ars , ▁voice ▁on ▁track ▁ 1 0 ▁ ▁Moon ▁Z appa , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 1 0 ▁ ▁G ail ▁Z appa , ▁background ▁vocals ▁on ▁track ▁ 1 0 ▁ ▁Ch arts ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : G ene ▁Sim mons ▁albums ▁Category : 2 0 0 4 ▁albums ▁Category : San ct uary ▁Records ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Gene ▁Sim mons <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁t ert i ary ▁educational ▁institutions ▁around ▁the ▁world ▁offering ▁b achelor ' s , ▁master ' s ▁or ▁doctor al ▁degrees ▁in
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▁forest ry ▁or ▁related ▁fields . ▁Where ▁noted , ▁the ▁country ' s ▁acc red itation ▁board ▁standard ▁has ▁been ▁used ▁and ▁cited . ▁They ▁are ▁group ed ▁by ▁continent . ▁ ▁( For ▁educational ▁institutions ▁with ▁forest ry ▁techn ician ▁or ▁professional ▁certificate ▁programs ▁see : ▁List ▁of ▁forest ry ▁technical ▁schools .) ▁ ▁Africa ▁ ▁Al ger ia ▁Ab ou ▁Bark ▁Bel ka ï d ▁University ▁- ▁T lem cen ▁ ▁Ben in ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Agr onom ic ▁Sciences , ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁Ben in ▁National ▁School ▁of ▁wildlife ▁and ▁Prote cted ▁Are as ▁Management ▁of ▁K and i , ▁University ▁of ▁Par ak ou ▁ ▁Bur k ina ▁F as o ▁Institute ▁of ▁R ural ▁Development ▁( ID R ), ▁Poly techn ic ▁University ▁of ▁Bob o - Di oul asso ▁Life ▁and ▁Earth ▁Sciences ▁( U FR / S VT ), ▁University ▁of ▁O u ag ad ou g ou ▁ ▁Cam ero on ▁The ▁National ▁Forest ry ▁School ▁of ▁Cam ero on , ▁▁ ▁location : ▁M bal may o , ▁the ▁centre ▁region ▁of ▁Cam ero on ▁French ▁Abb re .: ▁E cole ▁Nation ale ▁des ▁E aux ▁et ▁For ê ts ▁de ▁M bal may o ▁ ▁C ô te ▁d ' I vo ire ▁▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Agr onomy , ▁F él ix ▁Hou ph ou ë t - Bo ign y ▁National ▁Poly techn ic ▁Institute , ▁Y amous s ou k ro ▁ ▁Egypt ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wood ▁Technology ▁Department , ▁Fac
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ulty ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁Alexand ria ▁University . ▁ ▁Eth iop ia ▁ ▁Bur ie ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Deb remark os ▁University ▁ ▁H aram aya ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁H aram aya ▁University ▁ ▁Wol lo ▁University ▁ ▁W ondo ▁Gen et ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁Haw ass a ▁University ▁ ▁Gh ana ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Ren ew able ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁University ▁for ▁Development ▁Studies ▁ ▁K w ame ▁N kr um ah ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ▁Resources ▁Technology ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Ren ew able ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Wood ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁School ▁of ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁University ▁of ▁Energy ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁ ▁Gu inea ▁Hig her ▁Institute ▁of ▁Agr onomy ▁and ▁Veter inary ▁Studies , ▁Far an ah ▁ ▁Kenya ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Eld oret ▁ ▁Kenya ▁Forest ry ▁College ▁( L ond iani ) ▁ ▁Kenya ▁Forest ry ▁Research ▁Institute ▁ ▁Mad ag asc ar ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Water ▁and ▁Forest s , ▁School ▁of ▁Agr onomy , ▁University ▁of ▁Ant an an ar ivo ▁ ▁Mal awi ▁ ▁Mal awi ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wild life ▁( ▁Cert ificate ▁and ▁Di pl oma ▁Program ) ▁▁ ▁Bund a ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁University ▁of ▁Mal awi ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁M z uz u ▁University ▁ ▁Mor oc co ▁ ▁National ▁School ▁for ▁Forest ▁Engine ers ▁( EN FI ▁Rab
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at - Sal é ) ▁ ▁Moz amb ique ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁Edu ardo ▁Mond lane ▁University ▁ ▁Nigeria ▁▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wild life ▁Resources ▁Management , ▁Cross ▁River ▁University ▁of ▁Technology ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wild life , ▁Delta ▁State ▁University , ▁A br aka ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Resources ▁and ▁Wild life ▁Management , ▁Ek iti ▁State ▁University , ▁Ad o ▁Ek iti ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁Technology , ▁Federal ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁I bad an ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wood ▁Technology , ▁Federal ▁University ▁of ▁Technology ▁Ak ure ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁and ▁Wild life ▁Technology , ▁Federal ▁University ▁of ▁Technology , ▁O wer ri ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Management , ▁Michael ▁Ok para ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁Um ud ike ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wild life ▁Management , ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁A be ok uta ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Production ▁and ▁Products , ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁Mak ur di ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wild life , ▁University ▁of ▁Ben in ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wild life ▁Resources ▁Management , ▁University ▁of ▁Cal ab ar , ▁Cal ab ar ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Resources ▁Management , ▁University ▁of ▁I bad an ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Resources ▁Management , ▁University ▁of ▁Il or in ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wild life , ▁University ▁of ▁M aid ug uri ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wild life
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▁Management , ▁University ▁of ▁Port ▁Har court ▁ ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wild life , ▁University ▁of ▁U yo ▁ ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wild life , ▁U th man ▁dan ▁F od iy o ▁University , ▁S ok oto ▁ ▁Sen eg al ▁Institute ▁of ▁Environmental ▁Sciences , ▁Che ikh ▁Ant a ▁Di op ▁University ▁E cole ▁Nation ale ▁Sup érie ure ▁d ' A gr icult ure ▁de ▁Th i ès ▁( EN SA ), ▁University ▁of ▁Th i ès , ▁Th i ès ▁ ▁South ▁Africa ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁and ▁Wood ▁Science , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Ag ri S ci ences , ▁University ▁of ▁St ellen b os ch ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Fort ▁C ox ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁King ▁William ' s ▁Town ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁School ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁University ▁of ▁V enda , ▁Th oh oy and ou ▁ ▁Forest ▁Science ▁Post graduate ▁Program , ▁University ▁of ▁P ret oria ▁ ▁School ▁of ▁Natural ▁Resource ▁Management , ▁Nelson ▁Mand ela ▁University , ▁George ▁( W estern ▁Cape ) ▁campus ▁ ▁Sud an ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Range ▁Science , ▁Sud an ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁College ▁of ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Studies , ▁University ▁of ▁J uba ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Kh art ou m ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Range ▁Science , ▁Upper ▁N ile ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Studies , ▁University ▁of ▁K ord
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of an ▁ ▁T anz ania ▁Be e keeping ▁Training ▁Institute , ▁T abor a ▁Forest ry ▁Indust ries ▁Training ▁Institute ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Nature ▁Conserv ation , ▁S oko ine ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁Forest ry ▁Training ▁Institute , ▁Ol mot ony i ▁Institute ▁of ▁Resources ▁Ass essment , ▁University ▁of ▁Dar ▁es ▁S ala am ▁ ▁Tun is ia ▁School ▁of ▁R ural ▁Development , ▁Water , ▁and ▁Forest s , ▁National ▁Agricult ural ▁Institute ▁of ▁Tun is ia ▁Sil v op ast oral ▁Institute ▁of ▁Tab ark a ▁ ▁U g anda ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Nature ▁Conserv ation , ▁M aker ere ▁University ▁ ▁Ny aby ey a ▁Forest ry ▁College , ▁Mas indi ▁ ▁Z amb ia ▁School ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wood ▁Sciences , ▁Cop per b elt ▁University ▁Z amb ia ▁Forest ry ▁College ▁ ▁Z imb ab we ▁ ▁B ind ura ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁Education ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Resources ▁and ▁Wild life ▁Management , ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology , ▁Bul away o ▁ ▁Z imb ab we ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Mut are ▁ ▁Asia ▁ ▁Afghanistan ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁B am yan ▁University ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁K abul ▁University ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Sciences , ▁K un ar ▁University ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁P akt ia ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Sciences , ▁Lag h man ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest
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ry ▁and ▁H ort icult ure ▁Sciences , ▁B alk h ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Bad akh sh an ▁University , ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Sciences , ▁Her at ▁University ▁ ▁Bangl adesh ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Ag ro fore st ry ▁and ▁Environment , ▁Bang ab and hu ▁She ikh ▁M uj ib ur ▁Rah man ▁Agricult ural ▁University , ▁D h aka ▁ ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wood ▁Technology ▁Dis cipl ine , ▁Kh ul na ▁University , ▁Kh ul na ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Science , ▁Shah jal al ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology , ▁S yl het ▁ ▁Institute ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Sciences , ▁University ▁of ▁Ch itt ag ong , ▁Ch itt ag ong ▁ ▁China ▁▁ ▁Beijing ▁Forest ry ▁University ▁ ▁Central ▁South ▁University ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Technology ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Gu iz hou ▁University ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁H ort icult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry ▁Sciences , ▁Hu az h ong ▁Agricult ural ▁University , ▁Wu han , ▁H ube i ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁H ort icult ure , ▁Hen an ▁Agricult ural ▁University ▁ ▁F uj ian ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry ▁University ▁ ▁N anj ing ▁Forest ry ▁University ▁ ▁North ▁West ▁A & F ▁University ▁ ▁Nort heast ▁Forest ry ▁University ▁ ▁S ich uan ▁Agricult ural ▁University ▁ ▁South west ▁Forest ry ▁University ▁ ▁Z he ji ang ▁Forest ry ▁University ▁ ▁India ▁▁ ▁Forest ▁Research ▁Institute , ▁De hr ad un
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▁[ IC F RE ▁( An ▁autonom ous ▁government ▁body ▁governed ▁by ▁Ministry ▁of ▁Environment ▁Forest ▁and ▁Cl imate ▁Change ) ]. ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁H ort icult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁Central ▁Agricult ural ▁University , ▁Pas igh at , ▁Ar un ach al ▁Pr adesh ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁H ort icult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁Pun j ab ▁Agricult ural ▁University , ▁Lud h iana ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Dr . ▁Bal asa he b ▁Saw ant ▁Kon kan ▁Kr ishi ▁V idy ape eth ▁University ▁( B SK K V ), ▁D ap oli , ▁Mah ar as ht ra ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Od isha ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Technology , ▁Bh ub anes war , ▁Od isha ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Ker ala ▁Agricult ural ▁University ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁P on n amp et , ▁U A HS , ▁Sh im oga ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Sir si , ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ural ▁Sciences , ▁D har w ad ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Hill ▁Agricult ure , ▁Ran ich aur i , ▁G . ▁B . ▁P ant ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Technology , ▁P ant n ag ar ▁now ▁with ▁V CG ▁University ▁of ▁H ort icult ure ▁& ▁Forest ry , ▁Bh ars ar , ▁Ut tr ak hn ad ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁H ort icult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁Mah ar ana ▁Pr at ap ▁University ,
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▁J hal aw ar , ▁Raj as than ▁now ▁with ▁Agricult ure ▁University , ▁K ota , ▁Raj as than ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Science , ▁North ▁Eastern ▁Regional ▁Institute ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁( NER IST ), ▁N ir j uli , ▁Ar un ach al ▁Pr adesh ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Ec ology ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Science , ▁Ass am ▁University , ▁Sil char , ▁Ass am ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁School ▁of ▁Earth ▁Sciences ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁Management , ▁Tan hr il , ▁A iz aw l , ▁M iz or am ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Sciences , ▁Des h ▁Bh ag at ▁University ▁( D BU ), ▁Mand i ▁G ob ind gar h , ▁Pun j ab ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Dr . ▁Pan j ab ra o ▁Des h mu kh ▁Kr ishi ▁V idy ape eth ▁University ▁( PD K V ), ▁Ak ola , ▁Mah ar as ht ra ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Wild life ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Sciences , ▁G uru ▁G has idas ▁University , ▁Bil asp ur , ▁Ch h att is gar h ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Hem w ati ▁N and an ▁Bah ug una ▁Gar hw al ▁University ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁J aw ah arl al ▁Ne h ru ▁Agricult ural ▁University , ▁J ab al pur , ▁Mad h ya ▁Pr adesh ▁ ▁Engineering ▁colleges ▁in ▁India , ▁I IT ▁Bomb ay ▁Sciences ▁and ▁Technology , ▁▁ ▁As pe
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e ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁H ort icult ure , ▁Nav s ari ▁Agricult ural ▁University , ▁Nav s ari , ▁Gu jar at ▁ ▁Dr . ▁Y ash want ▁Singh ▁P arm ar ▁University ▁of ▁H ort icult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁Na uni , ▁Sol an , ▁Him ach al ▁Pr adesh ▁ ▁Forest ▁College ▁and ▁Research ▁Institute , ▁T amil ▁Nad u ▁Agricult ural ▁University , ▁M ett up al ay am , ▁T amil ▁Nad u ▁ ▁Forest ▁Department , ▁Forest ▁Rangers ▁College , ▁Ang ul , ▁Or issa ▁ ▁Gu jar at ▁Forest ▁Rangers ▁College , ▁Raj pi pl a , ▁Gu jar at ▁ ▁Indian ▁Institute ▁of ▁Forest ▁Management , ▁Bh op al ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁B iod ivers ity , ▁T rip ura ▁University , ▁S ury aman in ag ar , ▁Ag art ala , ▁T rip ura ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁B anda ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁technology ▁B anda ▁U tt ar ▁Pr adesh ▁India . ▁ ▁Indonesia ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁Kh air un ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁Pad j ad jar an ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Beng k ulu ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Bog or ▁Agricult ural ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Dom uga ▁Kot am ub ago ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁G adj ah ▁M ada ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁H alu
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ole o ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Has an udd in ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Institut ▁P ert an ian ▁St iper ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁K uning an ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Lamb ung ▁M ang k ur at ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁L amp ung ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Lanc ang ▁K uning ▁R ia u ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Mer de ka ▁Mad i un ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Muhammad iy ah ▁Mal ang ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Muhammad iy ah ▁Sum ater a ▁Bar at ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Mul aw ar man ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Neg eri ▁Pap ua ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁N usa ▁Bang sa ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Pal ang kar aya ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁P att im ura ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Sam ▁Rat ul ang i ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Sat ria ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁T ad ul ako ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Tan j ung p ura ▁University ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁J amb i ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁North ▁Sum atra ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Win aya ▁Mu kt i ▁University ▁School ▁of ▁Life ▁Sciences ▁and
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▁Technology , ▁Band ung ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁ ▁Iran ▁▁ ▁Gi ul an ▁University ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁Gon bad - e ▁Q ab us ▁ ▁G organ ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ural ▁Sciences ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Islamic ▁Az ad ▁University ▁of ▁Ch alous ▁ ▁Islamic ▁Az ad ▁University ▁of ▁L ah ij an ▁ ▁Islamic ▁Az ad ▁University , ▁Science ▁and ▁Research ▁Branch , ▁Te hr an ▁ ▁Kal ak ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁Training ▁Center ▁ ▁Kel ar abad ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁Training ▁Center ▁ ▁K ord est an ▁University ▁ ▁S ari ▁Agricult ural ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁University ▁ ▁Sem nan ▁University , ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁and ▁Des ert ▁Study ▁Fac ult ies , ▁Sem nan ▁Province ▁ ▁Tar bi at ▁Mod ares ▁University ▁ ▁Te hr an ▁University ▁ ▁U rm ia ▁University ▁ ▁Y as ou j ▁University , ▁Agricult ural ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁Department , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁ ▁Z abol ▁University , ▁Department ▁of ▁Wood ▁and ▁Paper ▁Sci . and ▁Techn ol , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁ ▁Shah rek ord ▁University , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁and ▁Earth ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Japan ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ▁Science , ▁University ▁of ▁M iy az aki ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Science , ▁I w ate ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Products , ▁Ky ush u ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁and ▁Environment , ▁Sh im ane ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Sciences , ▁Sh in sh u ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest
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▁Science , ▁University ▁of ▁Tokyo ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Science , ▁U ts un omi ya ▁University ▁Division ▁of ▁Forest ▁and ▁Bi om aterial s ▁Science , ▁Ky oto ▁University ▁Tokyo ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Technology ▁ ▁La os ▁Bol ik ham x ay ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry ▁School ▁Ch amp as ack ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry ▁School ▁Ch amp as ack ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Resources , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ▁Resources , ▁Sou phan ou v ong ▁University ▁D ong k ham x ang ▁School ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ▁Science , ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁La os ▁( NU OL ) ▁Lou ang ▁Pr ab ang ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry ▁School ▁Mu ang ▁Mai ▁School ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁Sep one ▁Ag ro fore st ry ▁Training ▁Center ▁ ▁Malaysia ▁ ▁Forest ▁Resource ▁Technology , ▁Univers iti ▁Malaysia ▁Kel ant an ▁( UM K ) ▁School ▁of ▁International ▁T rop ical ▁Forest ry , ▁Univers iti ▁Malaysia ▁Sab ah ▁( U MS ) ▁Institute ▁of ▁B iod ivers ity ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Conserv ation , ▁Univers iti ▁Malaysia ▁Sar aw ak ▁( UN I MA S ) ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Univers iti ▁Put ra ▁Malaysia ▁( UP M ) ▁School ▁of ▁Industrial ▁Technology , ▁Univers iti ▁S ains ▁Malaysia ▁( US M ) ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Sciences , ▁Univers iti ▁T ek n olog i ▁M AR A ▁( Ui TM ) ▁ ▁Mong olia ▁ ▁Department
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▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Mong ol ian ▁State ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁( MS UA ) ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Technology , ▁Mong ol ian ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁( M UST ) ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁Mong olia ▁( NUM ) ▁ ▁My an mar ▁University ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁( Y ez in ) ▁ ▁Nep al ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry ▁University , ▁H eta uda ▁ ▁Lord ▁Budd ha ▁College , ▁Kath mand u ▁ ▁Mah ure g ad hi ▁Poly techn ic ▁Institute , ▁C TE VT , ▁N un th ala ▁K hot ang ▁ ▁Institute ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Pok h ara ▁( cent ral ▁campus ) ▁ ▁Institute ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁H eta uda ▁ ▁Trib h uv an ▁University ▁ ▁Kath mand u ▁Forest ry ▁College , ▁Kath mand u ▁ ▁Pakistan ▁▁ ▁Agricult ural ▁Research ▁Institute , ▁Qu etta ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Sha he ed ▁Ben az ir ▁Bh ut to ▁University , ▁Sher ing al ▁Dir ▁Upper ▁K hy ber ▁Pak ht unk h wa , ▁Pakistan ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Range ▁Management , ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Range ▁Management ▁and ▁Wild life , ▁Pir ▁Me hr ▁Ali ▁Shah ▁Ar id ▁Agricult ure ▁University ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Range ▁Management , ▁Bah aud d in ▁Z ak ari ya ▁University , ▁Mult an ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wild life ▁Management
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, ▁University ▁of ▁Har ip ur , ▁Har ip ur ▁District ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Range ▁Management , ▁and ▁Wild life , ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁F ais al abad ▁ ▁Pakistan ▁Forest ▁Institute , ▁P esh aw ar ▁ ▁Pun j ab ▁Forest ▁School , ▁Bah aw al pur ▁ ▁School ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Sw at ▁ ▁S ind h ▁Agricult ure ▁University , ▁Hy der abad ▁ ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁( P esh aw ar ) ▁ ▁Philippines ▁B ilar ▁Camp us , ▁Boh ol ▁Island ▁State ▁University ▁( B IS U ) ▁Cab agan ▁Camp us , ▁Isabel a ▁State ▁University ▁( IS U ) ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ural ▁Sciences ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁Car aga ▁State ▁University ▁( Car SU ) ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁Food ▁and ▁S ustain able ▁Development ▁( CA F SD ), ▁Mar iano ▁Mar cos ▁State ▁University ▁( M MS U ) ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Fisher ies ▁( CA FF ), ▁Neg ros ▁Ori ental ▁State ▁University ▁( No R SU ) ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁Forest ry ▁Department ▁( SL SU - Luc ban ▁Que zon ) ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁B engu et ▁State ▁University ▁( B SU ) ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁N ueva ▁V iz c aya ▁State ▁University ▁( NV SU ) ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Science , ▁Central ▁Mind ana o ▁University ▁( CM U ) ▁College
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▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Studies , ▁Mind ana o ▁State ▁University ▁( MS U ) ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁University ▁of ▁the ▁Philippines ▁Los ▁Ba ños ▁( UP L B ) ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁Vis ay as ▁State ▁University ▁( V SU ) ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Studies , ▁Western ▁Mind ana o ▁State ▁University ▁( W MS U ) ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁University ▁of ▁Sout he astern ▁Philippines ▁( U Se P -, ▁Tag um - M ab ini ▁Camp us , ▁Tag um ▁City , ▁D ava o ▁del ▁N orte ) ▁E ch ague ▁Camp us , ▁Isabel a ▁State ▁University ▁( IS U ) ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Stud u ies ▁University ▁of ▁Mind ana o ▁( UM ) ▁D ava o ▁City ▁Gon z aga ▁Camp us , ▁C ag ay an ▁State ▁University ▁( C SU ) ▁Institute ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁I loc os ▁Sur ▁Poly techn ic ▁State ▁College ▁( IS P SC ▁- ▁Sta . ▁Maria ▁Camp us ) ▁Santa ▁Maria , ▁I loc os ▁Sur ▁Institute ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁T arl ac ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁( T CA ) ▁Institute ▁of ▁Ag ro fore st ry ▁and ▁Wat ers hed ▁Management , ▁Don ▁Mar iano ▁Mar cos ▁Memorial ▁State ▁University ▁( D MM MS U ) ▁Institute ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Sciences , ▁P amp anga ▁Agricult ural ▁College ▁( P AC )
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▁Tan ay ▁Camp us , ▁University ▁of ▁R iz al ▁System ▁( UR S ) ▁ ▁South ▁Korea ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Resources , ▁College ▁of ▁Life ▁Science , ▁G ye ongs ang ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Forest ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Sciences , ▁K ang won ▁National ▁University ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Environmental ▁Sciences , ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Life ▁Sciences , ▁Se oul ▁National ▁University ▁▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Resources , ▁Ye ung nam ▁University ▁ ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁Raj ar ata ▁University ▁of ▁Sri ▁L anka ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁University ▁of ▁Per aden i ya ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Agricult ure , ▁University ▁of ▁R uh una ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁science ,( Dep artment ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁& ▁Environmental ▁science ) Univers ity ▁of ▁Sri ▁Jay ew arden ep ura ▁ ▁Taiwan ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁National ▁Chi ay i ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁National ▁Il an ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Nature ▁Conserv ation , ▁Chinese ▁Culture ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁National ▁Ch ung ▁H sing ▁University ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁National ▁P ing t ung ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁School ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Resource ▁Conserv ation , ▁National ▁Taiwan ▁University ▁ ▁Thailand ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁K asets art ▁University ▁Ag ro fore st ry , ▁M ae jo ▁University ▁[ FOR R U - CM U
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], ▁Chi ang ▁Mai ▁University ▁ ▁Vietnam ▁ ▁B ắ c ▁Gi ang ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry ▁ ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁Hu ế ▁University , ▁Hu ế ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁T â y ▁N gu y ên ▁University , ▁Bu ô n ▁Ma ▁Th u ộ t , ▁ Đ ắ k ▁L ắ k ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Ho ▁Chi ▁Min h ▁City ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry ▁( N ong ▁Lam ▁University ), ▁Th ủ ▁ Đ ứ c ▁ ▁Th á i ▁N gu y ên ▁University ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁Th á i ▁N gu y ên ▁City ▁ ▁Vietnam ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁( Form er ly ▁Vietnam ▁Forest ry ▁University , ▁and ▁before ▁that ▁X u ân ▁Mai ▁Forest ry ▁University ), ▁X uan ▁Mai , ▁H ano i ▁ ▁Europe ▁ ▁Alban ia ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ▁Sciences , ▁Agricult ural ▁University ▁of ▁T ir ana ▁ ▁Austria ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest - ▁and ▁So il ▁Sciences , ▁University ▁of ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁and ▁Life ▁Sciences , ▁Vienna ▁ ▁O ss i ach ▁forest ry ▁training ▁centre , ▁Bundes f orsch ungs - ▁und ▁Aus bild ung sz ent rum ▁für ▁Wald , ▁Natur ge f ahren ▁und ▁L ands chaft ▁ ▁Bel ar us ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Bel ar us ian ▁State ▁Techn ological ▁University ▁ ▁Institute ▁of
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▁Forest ▁Science , ▁NAS B ▁ ▁Belgium ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁and ▁Nature ▁Management , ▁Gem bl oux ▁Ag ro - B io ▁Tech , ▁University ▁of ▁Li ège ▁( G em bl oux ) ▁ ▁Earth ▁& ▁Life ▁Institute , ▁Dep art ement ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Lou v ain ▁( Lou v ain - la - Ne uve ) ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest , ▁Nature ▁and ▁Land scape , ▁Kath ol ie ke ▁Univers ite it ▁Le u ven ▁( Le u ven ) ▁ ▁Labor atory ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁G hent ▁University ▁( G hent ) ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Agr onomy , ▁H aute ▁É cole ▁de ▁la ▁Province ▁de ▁Li ège ▁( The ux ) ▁ ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Ban ja ▁Lu ka ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Bi ha ć ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁I sto č no ▁Sar aj ev o ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Sar aj ev o ▁ ▁Bulgar ia ▁▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Sof ia ▁ ▁Cro at ia ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Zag reb ▁ ▁Cy pr us ▁ ▁Cy pr us ▁Forest ry ▁College ▁ ▁Czech ▁Republic ▁▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wood ▁Technology , ▁Mend el ▁University ▁Br no ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry ,
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▁Wild life ▁and ▁Wood ▁Sciences , ▁Czech ▁University ▁of ▁Life ▁Sciences ▁Pr ague ▁ ▁Denmark ▁ ▁Dan ish ▁Forest ry ▁College ▁ ▁Forest ▁and ▁Land scape ▁College , ▁University ▁of ▁C open h agen ▁ ▁Est onia ▁Institute ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁R ural ▁Engineering , ▁Est on ian ▁University ▁of ▁Life ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Finland ▁▁ ▁Deg ree ▁Program ▁in ▁Forest ry , ▁T amp ere ▁University ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Products ▁Technology , ▁H els ink i ▁University ▁of ▁Technology ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Agricult ure ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁H els ink i ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Eastern ▁Finland ▁ ▁Forest ▁and ▁Wood ▁Technology , ▁K are lia ▁University ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Wood ▁Technology , ▁P oh jo is - S avo ▁Poly techn ic ▁ ▁Forest ry ▁Study ▁Program me , ▁H ä me ▁Poly techn ic ▁ ▁Lab ▁of ▁Pul ping ▁Technology , ▁Å bo ▁Ak adem i ▁University ▁ ▁P ie ks äm ä ki ▁School ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Mik kel i ▁University ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Sciences ▁ ▁Swedish ▁V oc ational ▁Institute , ▁V asa ▁ ▁Unit ▁of ▁Natural ▁Resources , ▁S od ank yl ä ▁V oc ational ▁Institute ▁( SK AI ) ▁ ▁France ▁ ▁D ynam iques ▁Forest i ères ▁dans ▁l ' E space ▁R ural ▁( D yna for ), ▁National ▁University ▁of ▁Agr onomy ▁T oul ouse ▁( ENS AT ) ▁
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▁Me ym ac ▁Forest ry ▁College ▁ ▁É cole ▁Sup érie ure ▁du ▁Bo is ▁( ES B ), ▁N antes ▁ ▁Gest ion ▁Int é gr ée ▁des ▁Ag ros yst èmes ▁et ▁des ▁For ê ts , ▁É cole ▁Nation ale ▁d ' In g én ieurs ▁des ▁Tr av aux ▁Agr ic oles ▁( EN IT A ), ▁University ▁of ▁Bor de aux ▁ ▁É cole ▁Nation ale ▁Sup érie ure ▁des ▁Techn ologies ▁et ▁Indust ries ▁du ▁Bo is ▁( EN ST IB ), ▁Univers ité ▁Henri ▁Po inc ar é ▁ ▁J av ols ▁Forest ry ▁College ▁ ▁C rog ny ▁Forest ry ▁College ▁ ▁National ▁College ▁of ▁Agricult ural ▁Engineering , ▁Water ▁and ▁Forest ry ▁( EN G REF ), ▁Ag ro ▁Paris T ech , ▁Paris ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁for ▁Life , ▁Food ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Sciences ▁ ▁EC AM ▁Ly on , ▁Form ation ▁ing én ieur ▁bo is ▁ ▁Germany ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Sciences , ▁D res den ▁University ▁of ▁Technology ▁ ▁E bers wal de ▁University ▁for ▁S ustain able ▁Development ▁( F H ) ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ▁and ▁Environment ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Wood ▁Technology ▁and ▁Wood ▁Process ing ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Wood ▁Technology ▁and ▁Wood ▁Process ing , ▁Rosen heim ▁University ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Sciences ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Rot ten burg ▁University ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Forest ▁Sciences ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Technical ▁University ▁of ▁Mun ich ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Resource ▁Management , ▁HA W
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K ▁- ▁University ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Sciences ▁and ▁Arts ▁- ▁H ild es heim / Hol z mind en / Go et ting en ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Ap plied ▁Sciences ▁Er furt ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ▁and ▁Environmental ▁Sciences , ▁University ▁of ▁Fre ib urg ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ▁Sciences ▁and ▁Forest ▁Ec ology , ▁University ▁of ▁G ött ingen ▁Department ▁of ▁Wood ▁and ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁Hamburg ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ▁Science , ▁University ▁of ▁Mun ich ▁ ▁Greece ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Natural ▁Environmental ▁Management ▁at ▁Dr ama , ▁Techn ological ▁Educ ational ▁Institute ▁of ▁K av ala ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Natural ▁Environmental ▁Management ▁at ▁Kar pen isi , ▁Techn ological ▁Educ ational ▁Institute ▁of ▁Lam ia ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁Management ▁of ▁the ▁Environment ▁and ▁Natural ▁Resources ▁at ▁O rest i ada , ▁Dem oc rit us ▁University ▁of ▁Th r ace ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Natural ▁Environment , ▁Arist ot le ▁University ▁of ▁The ss al on iki ▁ ▁Techn ological ▁Educ ational ▁Institute ▁of ▁Lar issa ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ry ▁and ▁Natural ▁Environmental ▁Management ▁at ▁K ard its a ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Wood ▁& ▁F urn iture ▁Design ▁and ▁Technology ▁at ▁K ard its a ▁ ▁Hung ary ▁ ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁Forest ry , ▁University ▁of ▁S op ron , ▁S op ron ▁ ▁Italy ▁ ▁Department ▁of ▁Forest ▁Environment ▁and ▁Resources , ▁University ▁of ▁T us cia ▁
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