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▁Australian ▁Capital ▁Terr itory ▁Protection ▁is ▁currently ▁offered ▁by ▁the ▁Public ▁Interest ▁Dis closure ▁Act ▁ 2 0 1 2 ▁( ACT ). ▁ ▁Victoria ▁Protection ▁is ▁currently ▁offered ▁by ▁the ▁Wh ist le bl ow ers ▁Protection ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 1 ▁( V ic ). ▁ ▁T as mania ▁Protection ▁is ▁currently ▁offered ▁by ▁the ▁Public ▁Interest ▁Dis clos ures ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁( T as ). ▁ ▁South ▁Australia ▁Protection ▁is ▁currently ▁offered ▁by ▁the ▁Wh ist le bl ow ers ▁Protection ▁Act ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁( SA ). ▁However ▁the ▁new ▁" Public ▁Interest ▁Dis closure ▁Act ▁ 2 0 1 8 " ▁( P ID ▁Act ) ▁will ▁commence ▁on ▁ 1 ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁ ▁Western ▁Australia ▁Protection ▁is ▁currently ▁offered ▁by ▁the ▁Public ▁Interest ▁Dis closure ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁( WA ). ▁ ▁Northern ▁Terr itory ▁Protection ▁is ▁currently ▁offered ▁by ▁the ▁Public ▁Interest ▁Dis closure ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁( NT ). ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Wh ist le bl ow ers ▁Australia ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Australia ▁Category : Wh ist le bl owing ▁in ▁Australia <0x0A> </s> ▁J und ia í ▁is ▁a ▁municip ality ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁in ▁the ▁Sout heast ▁Region ▁of ▁Brazil , ▁located ▁ ▁north ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo . ▁The ▁population ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁is ▁ 4 0 1 , 8 9 6 ▁( 2 0 1 5 ▁est .), ▁with ▁an |
▁area ▁of ▁ 4 3 1 . 2 1 ▁km ². ▁The ▁elev ation ▁is ▁ 7 6 1 ▁m . ▁The ▁G DP ▁of ▁the ▁city ▁is ▁U $ 1 6 . 6 ▁billion ▁( R $ 3 6 . 6 ▁billion ). ▁The ▁budget ▁for ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁is ▁U $ 7 8 7 ▁million ▁( R $ 1 . 6 3 ▁billion ), ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁official ▁data ▁of ▁the ▁City ▁Hall . ▁ ▁History ▁and ▁Ge ography ▁ ▁The ▁municip ality ▁was ▁officially ▁founded ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 6 5 5 , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁elev ated ▁to ▁the ▁category ▁of ▁village . ▁Its ▁first ▁urban ization ▁was ▁carried ▁out ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 7 . ▁J und ia í ▁has ▁borders ▁with ▁V ár ze a ▁Paul ista , ▁Camp o ▁Lim po ▁Paul ista , ▁Franco ▁da ▁R och a , ▁C aj amar , ▁Pir ap ora ▁do ▁B om ▁Jesus , ▁Cab re ú va , ▁It u pe va , ▁Lou ve ira , ▁Vin hed o , ▁It at iba ▁and ▁Jar in u . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁town ▁comes ▁from ▁the ▁T up i ▁language , ▁and ▁it ▁means ▁the ▁place ▁of ▁the ▁j und i á ▁(" fish ▁with ▁bar bs ", ▁the ▁R ham d ia ▁qu elen ▁species ). ▁ ▁The ▁city ▁received ▁massive ▁numbers ▁of ▁Italian ▁immigrants ▁in ▁the ▁late ▁ 1 9 th ▁century ▁and ▁early ▁ 2 |
0 th ▁century , ▁making ▁most ▁of ▁the ▁city ' s ▁inhabitants ▁of ▁Italian ▁descent . ▁Among st ▁other ▁immigr ant ▁groups , ▁there ▁are : ▁Portuguese , ▁Spanish , ▁German ▁and ▁small ▁amounts ▁of ▁Hung arian ▁and ▁Sl av ic ▁peoples . ▁ ▁Recently , ▁J und ia í ▁has ▁enjoyed ▁a ▁steep ▁population ▁growth , ▁in ▁large ▁part ▁fuel ed ▁by ▁a ▁shift ▁of ▁residents ▁from ▁the ▁me gal opol is ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁seeking ▁better ▁living ▁conditions . ▁ ▁Tour ism ▁ ▁The ▁Ser ra ▁do ▁J api ▁( J api ▁mountain ▁range ), ▁situated ▁sout heast ▁of ▁the ▁city , ▁is ▁a ▁state ▁park ▁that ▁has ▁a ▁natural ▁reserve ▁with ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁forest ed ▁areas ▁in ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo , ▁with ▁beautiful ▁landsc apes ▁and ▁many ▁opportunities ▁for ▁ec ot our ism , ▁large ▁hotel - far ms ▁and ▁extreme ▁sports . ▁ ▁The ▁J und ia hy ▁section ▁is ▁a ▁historical ▁area ▁amongst ▁the ▁rivers ▁J und ia i , ▁Gu ap eva ▁and ▁M ato . ▁It ▁is ▁an ▁aff lu ent ▁neighborhood ▁with ▁fancy ▁houses , ▁gardens ▁and ▁a ▁traditional ▁small ▁community ▁business . ▁ ▁Sports ▁▁ ▁Paul ista ▁is ▁the ▁city ' s ▁football ▁( soc cer ) ▁club . ▁The ▁team , ▁which ▁plays ▁at ▁Jay me ▁Cin tra ▁Stadium , ▁was ▁the ▁champion ▁of ▁Copa ▁do ▁Brasil ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁( C up ▁of ▁Brazil ). ▁ ▁Transport ation ▁▁ ▁The ▁J und ia í ▁Airport |
▁serves ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁region ▁for ▁small ▁air pl anes . ▁J und ia í ▁has ▁a ▁connection ▁in ▁the ▁J und ia í ▁station ▁with ▁Compan h ia ▁Paul ista ▁de ▁T ren s ▁Met ropolitan os ▁( CP TM ). ▁It ▁has ▁a ▁system ▁of ▁public ▁transportation ▁that ▁currently ▁costs ▁R $ 3 , 0 0 ▁( US D ▁ 1 , 4 5 ) ▁for ▁one ▁way ▁. ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁bus es ▁have ▁wheel chair ▁lif ts ▁and ▁a ▁few ▁have ▁mon itors ▁that ▁broadcast ▁videos ▁about ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁education . ▁The ▁lines ▁are ▁all ▁connected ▁by ▁term ina is ▁( termin als ), ▁what ▁makes ▁the ▁users ' ▁traffic ▁faster ▁and ▁cheaper ▁since ▁there ▁is ▁free ▁circulation ▁in ▁the ▁termin als ▁to ▁the ▁lin has ▁aliment ador as ▁( fe eding ▁lines ), ▁which ▁carry ▁the ▁passengers ▁from ▁the ▁termin als ▁to ▁their ▁respective ▁dest inations ▁. ▁Yellow ▁and ▁re load able ▁electronic ▁cards ▁that ▁replace ▁cash ▁may ▁be ▁used ▁by ▁regular ▁users ▁that ▁perform ▁a ▁register ; ▁students ▁have ▁a ▁blue ▁card ▁that ▁charges ▁only ▁half ▁instead ▁of ▁the ▁ticket ' s ▁full ▁price ; ▁the ▁elderly ▁or ▁disabled ▁own ▁a ▁grey ▁or ▁green ▁card ▁which ▁allows ▁free ▁adm itt ance . ▁ ▁T win ▁towns ▁and ▁sister ▁cities ▁▁ ▁I w ak uni , ▁Japan ▁ ▁Pad ova , ▁Italy ▁ ▁T rent on , ▁USA ▁ ▁Not able ▁people ▁▁ ▁Ad ri ano ▁Bass o ▁( 1 9 7 5 ), ▁football er ▁ |
▁Ana ▁Carolina ▁Rest on ▁Mac an ▁( 1 9 8 5 – 2 0 0 6 ), ▁- model ▁ ▁Ant ô nio ▁de ▁Que ir ós ▁T eles , ▁bar ão ▁de ▁J und ia í ▁( 1 7 8 9 – 1 8 7 0 ), ▁politician ▁ ▁Ant ô nio ▁de ▁Que ir ós ▁T eles , ▁con de ▁do ▁P arna í ba ▁( 1 8 3 1 – 1 8 8 8 ), ▁politician , ▁and ▁president ▁of ▁São ▁Paulo ▁Province ▁( 1 8 8 6 – 1 8 8 7 ) ▁ ▁B ian ca ▁Bin , ▁actress ▁ ▁Dal mo ▁Gas par ▁ ▁D éc io ▁P ign at ari ▁( 1 9 2 7 - 2 0 1 2 ), ▁writer ▁and ▁poet ▁ ▁Don i ▁( 1 9 7 9 ), ▁football er ▁ ▁E lo í sa ▁M af al da ▁( 1 9 2 4 ), ▁actress ▁ ▁Fab io ▁Z anon ▁( 1 9 6 6 ), ▁musician ▁ ▁N en ê ▁( 1 9 8 1 ), ▁football er ▁ ▁R egin al do ▁( 1 9 8 3 - ), ▁football er ▁ ▁Raf ael ▁L us var gh i ▁( 1 9 8 4 - ), ▁F ighter ▁in ▁the ▁Civil ▁of ▁War ▁in ▁Eastern ▁Ukraine , ▁arrested ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Sant os - J und ia í ▁Rail road ▁ ▁Line ▁ 9 ▁( CP TM ) ▁ ▁Line ▁ |
1 0 ▁( CP TM ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Official ▁web ▁page ▁of ▁City ▁Hall ▁▁ ▁Official ▁web ▁page ▁of ▁Town ▁Hall ▁▁ ▁Official ▁commercial ▁domain ▁▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 6 5 5 ▁Category : 1 6 5 5 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁the ▁Portuguese ▁Empire <0x0A> </s> ▁Life ▁Master ▁may ▁refer ▁to : ▁▁ ▁Life ▁Master , ▁a ▁title ▁awarded ▁by ▁the ▁American ▁Contract ▁Bridge ▁League ▁for ▁accum ulating ▁a ▁specified ▁number ▁of ▁master points ▁in ▁contract ▁bridge ▁ ▁Life ▁Master , ▁a ▁title ▁awarded ▁by ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Che ss ▁Federation ▁for ▁maintaining ▁an ▁E lo ▁rating ▁of ▁over ▁ 2 2 0 0 ▁for ▁at ▁least ▁ 3 0 0 ▁US CF - rated ▁tournament ▁che ss ▁games <0x0A> </s> ▁Cape ▁Ver de ▁is ▁an ▁arch ip el ago , ▁and ▁its ▁islands ▁are ▁histor ically ▁divided ▁into ▁two ▁groups , ▁or ▁regions : ▁▁ ▁B arl av ento ▁( mean ing ▁literally ▁Wind ward ), ▁including ▁Sant o ▁Ant ão , ▁São ▁Vic ente , ▁Santa ▁L uz ia , ▁São ▁Nicol au , ▁Sal ▁and ▁Bo a ▁V ista , ▁in ▁the ▁northern ▁side . ▁ ▁S ot av ento ▁( mean ing ▁literally ▁Le eward ), ▁including ▁Ma io , ▁Santiago , ▁F ogo ▁and ▁Br ava , ▁in ▁the ▁southern ▁side . ▁ ▁In ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁historical ▁regions , ▁the ▁islands ▁can ▁also ▁be ▁divided ▁by ▁ge ographical ▁features , ▁resulting ▁in : ▁ ▁A |
▁group ▁of ▁dry , ▁very ▁flat , ▁and ▁ge ologically ▁old ▁islands ▁( Sal , ▁Bo a ▁V ista ▁and ▁Ma io ), ▁lying ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁and ▁closer ▁to ▁the ▁African ▁coast ▁( which ▁makes ▁them ▁a ▁target ▁for ▁sand ▁from ▁the ▁S ah ara ▁desert , ▁resulting ▁in ▁long ▁sand y ▁be aches , ▁typically ▁used ▁for ▁beach ▁tour ism ), ▁and ▁ ▁A ▁group ▁of ▁rock y , ▁vol can ic , ▁agricultural ▁islands ▁more ▁to ▁the ▁west . ▁Their ▁or ography ▁is ▁rough er ▁because ▁they ' re ▁ge ologically ▁newer , ▁and ▁the ▁western most ▁islands ▁( such ▁as ▁Sant o ▁Ant ão ) ▁tend ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁most ▁mountain ous . ▁ ▁Category : Ge ography ▁of ▁Cape ▁Ver de ▁Cape ▁Ver de <0x0A> </s> ▁Ernest ▁George ▁M ardon ▁( 1 9 2 8 ▁– ▁ 6 ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 6 ) ▁was ▁an ▁English ▁professor ▁who ▁worked ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁L eth bridge . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁several ▁dozen ▁books , ▁mostly ▁on ▁the ▁history ▁of ▁Alber ta , ▁Canada . ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁Houston , ▁Texas ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 ▁to ▁Professor ▁Austin ▁M ardon ▁and ▁Marie ▁D ic key , ▁Dr . ▁Ernest ▁G . ▁M ardon ▁was ▁educated ▁at ▁Gordon st oun , ▁Scotland , ▁before ▁attending ▁Tr inity ▁College ▁in ▁Dublin . ▁After ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁called ▁up ▁for ▁military ▁service ▁in ▁the ▁Korean ▁War ▁as ▁an ▁officer ▁with ▁the ▁Gordon ▁High land ers , ▁serving ▁with |
▁that ▁outfit ▁in ▁the ▁Sue z ▁Canal ▁Zone , ▁Cy pr us , ▁Lib ya , ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁to ▁ 1 9 5 4 . ▁He ▁was ▁honor ably ▁dis charg ed ▁with ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁lieutenant . ▁ ▁He ▁moved ▁to ▁Canada ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 4 ▁as ▁Bureau ▁Manager ▁for ▁United ▁Press ▁International . ▁He ▁taught ▁high ▁school ▁in ▁Mor in ville , ▁and ▁then ▁did ▁Doctor al ▁work ▁in ▁Med ieval ▁English ▁at ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ott awa . ▁Among ▁the ▁first ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁L eth bridge , ▁Dr . ▁M ardon ▁was ▁also ▁a ▁visiting ▁professor ▁at ▁several ▁other ▁Canadian ▁universities . ▁He ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁scholar ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁of ▁Ang lo - S ax on ▁studies . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁he ▁was ▁nominated ▁for ▁full ▁membership ▁in ▁the ▁International ▁Astr onom ical ▁Union . ▁He ▁died ▁on ▁March ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 1 6 ▁in ▁L eth bridge , ▁Alber ta , ▁Canada . ▁ ▁M ardon ' s ▁children ▁include ▁the ▁Ant ar ctic ▁research er ▁and ▁writer ▁Austin ▁M ardon . ▁ ▁Se lected ▁works ▁N arr ative ▁Un ity ▁of ▁the ▁C ursor ▁M und i ▁( 1 9 6 7 , ▁ 2 ▁ed . ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁The ▁Found ing ▁Fac ulty ▁of ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁L eth bridge ▁( 1 9 6 8 ) ▁When ▁K itty ▁met ▁the ▁Ghost ▁( 1 9 |
9 1 , ▁ 2 ▁ed . ▁ 2 0 1 2 ) ▁The ▁Girl ▁Who ▁Could ▁Walk ▁Through ▁W alls ▁( 1 9 9 1 ) ▁Alber ta ▁M orm on ▁Polit icians / The ▁M orm on ▁Contribut ion ▁to ▁Alber ta ▁Politics ▁( 1 9 9 1 , ▁ 2 ▁ed . ▁ 2 0 1 1 ) ▁Early ▁S aints ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁Later ▁Christian ▁S aints ▁for ▁Children ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁Many ▁S aints ▁for ▁Children ▁( 1 9 9 7 ) ▁A ▁Description ▁of ▁the ▁Western ▁Is les ▁of ▁Scotland ▁( transl ator , ▁ 2 0 1 0 ) ▁Vision aries ▁of ▁a ▁New ▁Political ▁Era : ▁The ▁Men ▁Who ▁P aved ▁the ▁Way ▁for ▁the ▁Alber ta ▁Act ▁of ▁ 1 9 0 5 ▁( 2 0 1 0 ) ▁Early ▁S aints ▁and ▁other ▁Saint ly ▁Stories ▁for ▁Children ▁( 2 0 1 1 ) ▁The ▁Conf lict ▁Between ▁the ▁Individual ▁& ▁Society ▁in ▁the ▁Pl ays ▁of ▁James ▁Br id ie ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁Who ' s ▁Who ▁in ▁Federal ▁Politics ▁in ▁Alber ta ▁( 2 0 1 2 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁World Cat ▁page ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 8 ▁birth s ▁Category : 2 0 1 6 ▁deaths ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁histor ians ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁male ▁non - f iction ▁writers ▁Category : People ▁from ▁L eth bridge ▁Category : Univers |
ity ▁of ▁L eth bridge ▁faculty ▁Category : Writ ers ▁from ▁Alber ta <0x0A> </s> ▁San ▁Mart ín ▁Ch al ch ic u aut la ▁is ▁a ▁town ▁and ▁municip ality ▁in ▁San ▁Luis ▁Pot os í ▁in ▁central ▁Mexico . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : M unicip al ities ▁of ▁San ▁Luis ▁Pot os í ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁San ▁Luis ▁Pot os í <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Blue gr ass ▁Music ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁& ▁Museum ▁is ▁a ▁blue gr ass ▁music ▁museum ▁in ▁O w ens bor o , ▁Kentucky , ▁United ▁States . ▁The ▁museum ▁has ▁interactive ▁exhib its , ▁post ers , ▁cost umes , ▁live ▁instrument ▁demonstr ations , ▁and ▁the ▁International ▁Blue gr ass ▁Music ▁Association ' s ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁The ▁museum ▁has ▁ 2 0 0 4 ▁m 2 ▁( 2 1 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁feet ) ▁of ▁exhib its ▁and ▁offices ▁on ▁three ▁floors . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁non - profit ▁group , ▁the ▁Blue gr ass ▁Music ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁& ▁Museum ▁has ▁raised ▁funds ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁famous ▁blue gr ass ▁musicians ▁such ▁as ▁Rick y ▁Sk ag gs ▁and ▁Ralph ▁Stanley . ▁ ▁They ▁host ▁their ▁own ▁annual ▁summer ▁music ▁festival , ▁RO MP ▁( origin ally ▁design ating ▁River ▁Of ▁Music ▁Party ▁because ▁it ▁was ▁held ▁on ▁the ▁banks ▁of ▁the ▁Ohio ▁River ). ▁RO MP ▁festival ▁is ▁typically ▁held ▁the ▁last ▁weekend ▁in ▁June ▁each ▁summer . ▁ ▁Jam ▁sessions ▁are |
▁held ▁at ▁the ▁museum ▁the ▁first ▁Thursday ▁of ▁every ▁month . ▁The ▁Blue gr ass ▁Music ▁Museum ▁& ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁is ▁the ▁world ' s ▁only ▁facility ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁history ▁and ▁preserv ation ▁of ▁the ▁international ▁history ▁of ▁blue gr ass ▁music . ▁ ▁Mission ▁The ▁mission ▁of ▁the ▁Blue gr ass ▁Music ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁& ▁Museum ▁is ▁to ▁develop ▁and ▁maintain ▁an ▁environment ▁in ▁which ▁people ▁of ▁all ▁ages ▁can ▁discover ▁the ▁rich ness ▁of ▁blue gr ass ▁music . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁museum ▁was ▁incorporated ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 1 ▁and ▁opened ▁year - round ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 5 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁it ▁re - op ened ▁after ▁expanding . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁the ▁Blue gr ass ▁Music ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame ▁& ▁Museum ▁opened ▁a ▁new ▁$ 1 5 ▁million ▁facility ▁in ▁downtown ▁O w ens bor o , ▁Kentucky ▁on ▁the ▁banks ▁of ▁the ▁Ohio ▁River . ▁ ▁Program s ▁Wood ward ▁Theatre ▁– ▁Con cert s ▁are ▁hosted ▁in ▁this ▁ 4 4 7 ▁seat ▁theatre , ▁designed ▁specifically ▁for ▁ac oustic ▁music . ▁The ▁Kentucky ▁Blue gr ass ▁All St ars ▁are ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁music ▁students ▁who ▁take ▁lessons ▁at ▁the ▁museum . ▁The ▁Video ▁O ral ▁History ▁Project ▁( VO HP ) ▁– ▁vide ot apes ▁the ▁elderly ▁first ▁generation ▁of ▁blue gr ass ▁musicians . ▁Blue gr ass ▁in ▁the ▁Schools ▁( BITS ) ▁– ▁puts ▁instruments ▁into ▁the |
▁hands ▁of ▁students ▁and ▁teachers ▁in ▁elementary ▁schools ▁in ▁Dav i ess ▁County , ▁Kentucky . ▁Benef it ▁Con cert s ▁– ▁The ▁museum ▁hosts ▁a ▁monthly ▁concert ▁series . ▁Independ ence ▁Bank ▁Event ▁Room ▁is ▁over ▁ 4 , 0 0 0 ▁square ▁feet ▁with ▁a ▁ 9 9 0 ▁square ▁foot ▁balcon y . ▁The ▁space ▁can ▁accommodate ▁approximately ▁ 2 5 0 - 3 0 0 ▁guests . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Bill ▁Mon roe ▁Museum ▁ ▁Blue gr ass ▁music ▁ ▁Country ▁music ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁RO MP ▁ ▁Category : Build ings ▁and ▁structures ▁in ▁O w ens bor o , ▁Kentucky ▁Category : Music ▁museum s ▁in ▁Kentucky ▁Category : M useum s ▁in ▁Dav i ess ▁County , ▁Kentucky <0x0A> </s> ▁USS ▁W en on ah ▁( Y T - 1 4 8 / Y T B - 1 4 8 / Y TM - 1 4 8 ) ▁was ▁a ▁W ob an - class ▁district ▁har bor ▁tug ▁which ▁served ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁in ▁California ▁ports , ▁and ▁continued ▁her ▁service ▁until ▁she ▁was ▁struck ▁by ▁the ▁Navy ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁On ▁ 1 7 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁the ▁W en on ah ▁sank ▁while ▁b ert hed ▁at ▁Tre asure ▁Island , ▁CA ▁and ▁was ▁raised ▁by ▁the ▁floating ▁cr ane ▁Left ▁Coast ▁L if ter ▁on ▁ 2 8 ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 9 . ▁ |
▁Construct ed ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁ ▁W en on ah ▁( Y T - 1 4 8 ) ▁-- ▁a ▁har bor ▁tug ▁constructed ▁during ▁the ▁winter ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 0 ▁and ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁at ▁Morris ▁He ights , ▁New ▁York , ▁by ▁the ▁Cons olid ated ▁Ship building ▁Cor p . ▁-- ▁was ▁placed ▁in ▁service ▁soon ▁after ▁her ▁completion ▁in ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 1 . ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁service ▁W en on ah ▁served ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 1 th ▁Naval ▁District ▁throughout ▁her ▁entire ▁Navy ▁career . ▁She ▁was ▁initially ▁based ▁at ▁San ▁Diego , ▁California ; ▁but , ▁during ▁her ▁ 3 3 ▁years ▁of ▁service , ▁she ▁also ▁operated ▁at ▁and ▁visited ▁various ▁other ▁ports ▁on ▁the ▁California ▁coast . ▁ ▁Design ation ▁changes ▁On ▁ 1 5 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁she ▁was ▁re design ated ▁a ▁large ▁har bor ▁tug ▁with ▁the ▁h ull ▁design ation , ▁Y T B - 1 4 8 . ▁Some ▁ 1 8 ▁years ▁later , ▁she ▁again ▁changed ▁design ation ▁and ▁became ▁Y TM - 1 4 8 , ▁a ▁medium ▁har bor ▁tug . ▁ ▁De comm ission ing ▁and ▁scr apping ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 9 7 4 , ▁she ▁concluded ▁her ▁long ▁career ▁and ▁went ▁out ▁of ▁service . ▁Her ▁name ▁was ▁struck ▁from ▁the ▁Navy ▁list , ▁and ▁she ▁was ▁sold ▁for ▁scr apping . ▁The ▁identity ▁of ▁her ▁purch aser ▁is ▁un record |
ed , ▁but ▁sources ▁say ▁that ▁the ▁tug ▁is ▁owned ▁by ▁the ▁Historic ▁T ug boat ▁Education ▁and ▁Rest oration ▁Society ▁( HT ERS ). ▁W en on ah ▁was ▁laid ▁up ▁at ▁Pier ▁ 1 ▁at ▁Tre asure ▁Island , ▁California , ▁and ▁sank ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁sp illing ▁oil ▁into ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Bay . ▁The ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁contract ed ▁Global ▁D iving ▁to ▁recover ▁the ▁vessel ▁to ▁prevent ▁further ▁le aks , ▁and ▁Global ▁D iving ▁turned ▁to ▁the ▁American ▁Bridge / Fl u or ▁J oint ▁Vent ure ▁for ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁Left ▁Coast ▁L if ter ▁sheer leg ▁cr ane ▁to ▁recover ▁the ▁vessel . ▁W en on ah ▁was ▁turned ▁over ▁to ▁the ▁Coast ▁Guard ▁for ▁dispos al , ▁and ▁Bay ▁Ship ▁& ▁Y acht ▁in ▁Al amed a ▁assumed ▁the ▁lease ▁of ▁Pier ▁ 1 ▁in ▁Tre asure ▁Island , ▁which ▁included ▁taking ▁possession ▁of ▁W en on ah ▁and ▁a ▁sister ▁tug ▁owned ▁by ▁H TER S , ▁USS ▁N ok om is . ▁Both ▁vessels ▁were ▁scr apped ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁in ▁Al amed a . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁Category : World ▁War ▁II ▁aux iliary ▁ships ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Category : T ugs ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁Category : Un ited ▁States ▁Navy ▁California - related ▁ships ▁Category : Ship s ▁built ▁in ▁Morris ▁He ights , ▁Bron x ▁Category : |
1 9 4 0 ▁ships <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Frances ▁P omer oy ▁Na ism ith ▁Award ▁was ▁an ▁annual ▁college ▁basketball ▁award ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁intended ▁to ▁honor ▁shorter - than - a verage ▁players ▁who ▁exc elled ▁on ▁the ▁court ▁despite ▁their ▁size . ▁The ▁award , ▁named ▁in ▁honor ▁of ▁James ▁Na ism ith ' s ▁daughter - in - law , ▁was ▁established ▁for ▁men ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁and ▁for ▁women ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 . ▁The ▁men ' s ▁award ▁was ▁presented ▁to ▁the ▁nation ' s ▁most ▁outstanding ▁senior ▁who ▁is ▁ 6 ft ▁ 0 in ▁( 1 . 8 3 m ) ▁or ▁shorter , ▁while ▁the ▁women ' s ▁award ▁was ▁presented ▁to ▁the ▁top ▁senior ▁who ▁is ▁ 5 ft ▁ 8 in ▁( 1 . 7 3 ▁m ) ▁or ▁shorter . ▁Early ▁in ▁the ▁women ' s ▁award ' s ▁history , ▁the ▁cut - off ▁height ▁was ▁. ▁The ▁men ' s ▁award ▁was ▁selected ▁by ▁a ▁panel ▁from ▁the ▁National ▁Association ▁of ▁Basket ball ▁Co aches ▁( N AB C ), ▁while ▁the ▁women ' s ▁was ▁selected ▁by ▁the ▁Women ' s ▁Basket ball ▁Co aches ▁Association ▁( W BC A ). ▁The ▁award ▁was ▁dis contin ued ▁ ▁following ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 3 – 1 4 ▁season . ▁ ▁The ▁Frances ▁P omer oy ▁Na ism ith ▁Award ▁was ▁restricted ▁to ▁players ▁who ▁competed ▁in |
▁NC AA ▁Division ▁I ▁competition , ▁but ▁in ▁the ▁past ▁it ▁was ▁open ▁to ▁all ▁NC AA ▁levels . ▁For ▁the ▁men ' s ▁winners , ▁John ▁R ink a ▁from ▁Ken y on ▁College ( 1 9 7 0 ), ▁Mike ▁Sche ib ▁from ▁Sus que h anna ▁University ( 1 9 7 8 ) ▁and ▁Jerry ▁Johnson ▁from ▁Florida ▁Southern ▁College ▁were ▁winners ▁from ▁NC AA ▁Division ▁II , ▁Division ▁III , ▁and ▁Division ▁II , ▁respectively . ▁For ▁the ▁women ' s ▁winners , ▁Julie ▁D ab row ski ▁of ▁New ▁Hampshire ▁College ▁( now ▁Southern ▁New ▁Hampshire ▁University ) ( 1 9 9 0 ) ▁and ▁Amy ▁Dod r ill ( 1 9 9 5 ) ▁and ▁Ang ie ▁Arnold ( 1 9 9 8 ), ▁both ▁from ▁John s ▁Hop kins ▁University , ▁were ▁also ▁winners ▁from ▁Division ▁III . ▁ ▁Only ▁three ▁schools ▁from ▁the ▁list ▁of ▁men ' s ▁winners ▁( Lou is ville , ▁St . ▁John ' s ▁and ▁U CL A ) ▁and ▁six ▁schools ▁from ▁the ▁list ▁of ▁women ' s ▁winners ▁( Bay lor , ▁Connecticut , ▁Gon z aga , ▁John s ▁Hop kins , ▁Not re ▁D ame , ▁and ▁Penn ▁State ) ▁had ▁multiple ▁award ▁winners . ▁Of ▁these ▁programs , ▁the ▁only ▁one ▁with ▁winners ▁in ▁consecutive ▁seasons ▁is ▁the ▁Louis ville ▁men ' s ▁program ▁( P ey ton ▁S iva ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁and ▁Russ ▁Smith ▁in |
▁ 2 0 1 4 ). ▁Six ▁other ▁schools ▁have ▁had ▁winners ▁of ▁both ▁the ▁men ' s ▁and ▁women ' s ▁awards : ▁California , ▁Eastern ▁Michigan , ▁NC ▁State , ▁P urd ue , ▁Virginia , ▁and ▁W ake ▁Forest . ▁ ▁Key ▁ ▁W inners ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁W BC A ▁Awards ▁- ▁W BC A . org ▁ ▁Category : A wards ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 9 ▁ ▁Category : A wards ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁ ▁Category : A wards ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Category : Col lege ▁basketball ▁tro ph ies ▁and ▁awards ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁Night ing ale ▁is ▁a ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Australian ▁period ▁drama ▁film ▁written , ▁directed , ▁and ▁co - produ ced ▁by ▁Jennifer ▁Kent . ▁Set ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 5 ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁penal ▁colony ▁of ▁Van ▁D iem en ' s ▁Land ▁( now ▁the ▁Australian ▁state ▁of ▁T as mania ), ▁the ▁film ▁follows ▁a ▁young ▁woman ▁conv ict ▁seeking ▁revenge ▁for ▁a ▁terrible ▁act ▁of ▁violence ▁committed ▁against ▁her ▁family . ▁It ▁stars ▁A is ling ▁Franc ios i , ▁Sam ▁Cl a fl in , ▁and ▁Bay k ali ▁G an amb arr , ▁and ▁is ▁mostly ▁in ▁English , ▁with ▁some ▁Irish ▁and ▁Pal awa ▁k ani . ▁ ▁The ▁film ▁premier ed ▁at ▁the ▁ 7 5 th ▁Ven ice ▁International |
▁Film ▁Festival ▁on ▁ 6 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 8 , ▁and ▁was ▁the at ric ally ▁released ▁in ▁Australia ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁by ▁Trans mission ▁Films . ▁ ▁Plot ▁ ▁During ▁the ▁Van ▁D iem en ' s ▁Land ▁Black ▁War , ▁Irish ▁conv ict ▁Cl are ▁Car roll ▁works ▁as ▁a ▁servant ▁for ▁a ▁British ▁Army ▁unit ▁commanded ▁by ▁Lieutenant ▁Haw kins , ▁with ▁Sergeant ▁R use . ▁The ▁unit ▁is ▁being ▁visited ▁by ▁an ▁inspect ing ▁officer ▁to ▁see ▁if ▁Haw kins ▁is ▁fit ▁for ▁promotion ▁to ▁captain . ▁That ▁evening , ▁the ▁unit ▁fe asts . ▁Cl are , ▁nick named ▁" N ight ing ale ", ▁s ings ▁and ▁serves ▁drink ▁for ▁the ▁row dy ▁group ▁of ▁men . ▁After ▁work , ▁Cl are ▁visits ▁Haw kins ▁to ▁make ▁an ▁in quiry . ▁Before ▁she ▁can ▁make ▁her ▁query , ▁he ▁forces ▁her ▁to ▁sing ▁a ▁special ▁song ▁for ▁him . ▁She ▁does ▁so ▁reluct antly . ▁After ward , ▁Haw kins ▁makes ▁und ue ▁advances ▁on ▁her . ▁Cl are ▁dod ges ▁them , ▁then ▁asks ▁about ▁the ▁over due ▁letter ▁of ▁recommendation ▁that ▁would ▁allow ▁her ▁family — hus band ▁A idan ▁and ▁their ▁infant ▁daughter — f reedom . ▁Haw kins , ▁en r aged ▁by ▁her ▁request , ▁proceed s ▁to ▁assault ▁and ▁rape ▁her . ▁Later ▁that ▁night , ▁A idan ▁suspect s ▁that ▁Cl are ▁has ▁been ▁hurt ▁but ▁promises ▁to ▁remain ▁calm |
▁when ▁he ▁confront s ▁Haw kins ▁the ▁following ▁morning ▁about ▁the ▁letter ; ▁however , ▁he ▁fails ▁to ▁sway ▁him . ▁ ▁That ▁night , ▁a ▁drunk en ▁A idan ▁eng ages ▁in ▁a ▁b raw l ▁with ▁Haw kins , ▁R use ▁and ▁wide - eyed ▁Private ▁J ago . ▁The ▁visiting ▁officer ▁witnesses ▁the ▁entire ▁incident ▁and ▁determines ▁that ▁this , ▁along ▁with ▁other ▁acts ▁of ▁poor ▁conduct ▁displayed ▁by ▁Haw kins ▁and ▁his ▁soldiers , ▁make ▁him ▁un fit ▁for ▁promotion . ▁Inc ensed , ▁Haw kins ▁commands ▁R use ▁and ▁J ago ▁to ▁gather ▁supplies ▁for ▁an ▁imp rom pt u ▁journey ▁through ▁tre acher ous ▁bush ▁to ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁La unc eston ▁in ▁hopes ▁of ▁secur ing ▁his ▁promotion . ▁Before ▁depart ing , ▁the ▁soldiers ▁inter cept ▁the ▁Car roll ▁family , ▁who ▁are ▁attempting ▁to ▁fle e . ▁Haw kins ▁ta unts ▁A idan ▁about ▁the ▁“ numer ous ” ▁times ▁he ' s ▁had ▁sex ▁with ▁Cl are . ▁Then ▁he ▁and ▁R use ▁gang ▁rape ▁Cl are , ▁Haw kins ▁kills ▁A idan , ▁and ▁J ago ▁kills ▁their ▁baby ▁and ▁kn ocks ▁Cl are ▁unconscious . ▁ ▁After ▁Cl are ▁reports ▁the ▁incident ▁to ▁a ▁dub ious ▁R MP ▁official ▁the ▁following ▁morning , ▁she ▁decides ▁to ▁seek ▁revenge ▁herself , ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁an ▁Ab original ▁track er ▁named ▁Billy . ▁Cl are ▁presents ▁the ▁mission ▁to ▁Billy ▁as ▁her ▁desire ▁to ▁rend ez v ous ▁with ▁her ▁soldier ▁husband |
▁on ▁his ▁journey . ▁At ▁first , ▁Cl are ▁is ▁dom ine ering ▁toward ▁Billy , ▁but ▁their ▁mutual ▁host ility ▁diss ip ates ▁and ▁they ▁gradually ▁bond ▁as ▁they ▁learn ▁about ▁each ▁other ' s ▁tragic ▁up b ring ings ▁and ▁their ▁shared ▁hatred ▁of ▁the ▁British . ▁Billy ▁tells ▁Cl are ▁that ▁his ▁actual ▁name ▁is ▁M ang ana , ▁Pal awa ▁k ani ▁for ▁“ black bird ”, ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁wishes ▁to ▁go ▁up ▁north ▁to ▁reun ite ▁with ▁the ▁still - l iving ▁female ▁members ▁of ▁his ▁people . ▁Meanwhile , ▁the ▁officers ▁recruit ▁three ▁conv icts ▁and ▁Ab original ▁Charlie ▁for ▁their ▁journey . ▁Haw kins ▁takes ▁a ▁lik ing ▁to ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁conv icts , ▁a ▁child ▁named ▁Eddie , ▁and ▁R use ▁kidn aps ▁a ▁woman ▁named ▁Low anna ▁to ▁be ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁sex ▁slave . ▁Ab original ▁men ▁kill ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁conv icts ▁and ▁inj ure ▁J ago ▁in ▁an ▁un successful ▁rescue ▁mission . ▁F acing ▁the ▁men , ▁Haw kins ▁holds ▁Low anna ▁host age , ▁then ▁kills ▁her ▁in ▁cold ▁blood ▁distract ing ▁the ▁men . ▁He , ▁R use , ▁and ▁the ▁conv icts ▁fle e , ▁leaving ▁J ago ▁behind . ▁Later , ▁when ▁Cl are ▁and ▁Billy ▁st umble ▁upon ▁J ago , ▁whom ▁Billy ▁assumes ▁is ▁her ▁husband , ▁Cl are ▁corners ▁J ago ▁and ▁repeatedly ▁st abs ▁and ▁be ats ▁him ▁to ▁death . ▁Billy ▁considers ▁abandon ing ▁a ▁now - des per |
ate ▁Cl are , ▁but ▁after ▁he ▁learn s ▁the ▁true ▁story ▁behind ▁her ▁desire ▁to ▁get ▁revenge ▁on ▁the ▁soldiers , ▁he ▁decides ▁to ▁stay . ▁ ▁Charlie , ▁as ▁revenge ▁for ▁the ▁soldiers ' ▁in human ity , ▁diver ts ▁the ▁journey ▁to ▁a ▁dead ▁end ▁on ▁the ▁summit ▁of ▁a ▁mountain . ▁R use ▁kills ▁him , ▁but ▁Haw kins ▁ch ast ises ▁R use ▁for ▁the ▁r ash ▁decision ▁and ▁forces ▁him ▁to ▁be ▁their ▁guide ▁on ▁the ▁way ▁back ▁down ▁the ▁mountain . ▁After ▁Cl are ▁and ▁Billy ▁find ▁Charlie ' s ▁body , ▁Billy ▁performs ▁bur ial ▁r ites ▁and ▁inform s ▁Cl are ▁that ▁now ▁he , ▁too , ▁seeks ▁v enge ance . ▁The ▁two ▁finally ▁approach ▁the ▁group ▁of ▁four ▁men , ▁but ▁Cl are ▁free zes ▁when ▁she ▁sees ▁Haw kins , ▁allowing ▁him ▁to ▁gra ze ▁her ▁with ▁a ▁mus ket ▁shot , ▁forcing ▁Cl are ▁and ▁Billy ▁to ▁split ▁up . ▁Billy ▁is ▁found ▁and ▁forced ▁to ▁be ▁the ▁new ▁guide . ▁He ▁brings ▁the ▁soldiers ▁back ▁to ▁the ▁main ▁path ▁to ▁La unc eston , ▁and ▁Haw kins ▁orders ▁Eddie ▁to ▁kill ▁Billy , ▁but ▁Eddie ▁hes it ates , ▁allowing ▁Billy ▁to ▁escape . ▁Haw kins ▁tries ▁to ▁abandon ▁Eddie , ▁but ▁when ▁Eddie ▁beg s ▁for ▁a ▁second ▁chance , ▁Haw kins ▁shoot s ▁and ▁kills ▁him . ▁Cl are ▁also ▁finds ▁her ▁way ▁back ▁onto ▁the ▁main ▁path ▁and ▁reun ites ▁with ▁Billy . ▁While ▁on ▁their |
▁way , ▁they ▁encounter ▁a ▁chain ▁gang ▁of ▁Ab origin als , ▁one ▁of ▁whom ▁inform s ▁Billy ▁that ▁he ▁is ▁now ▁the ▁last ▁of ▁his ▁people . ▁When ▁the ▁prisoner ▁y ells ▁at ▁his ▁capt ors ▁about ▁their ▁call ous ness , ▁they ▁shoot ▁him ▁and ▁the ▁others ▁dead . ▁ ▁In ▁La unc eston , ▁Cl are ▁val iant ly ▁confront s ▁a ▁newly ▁promoted ▁Haw kins ▁about ▁his ▁war ▁crimes ▁in ▁the ▁presence ▁of ▁several ▁British ▁officers ▁while ▁Billy ▁watches ▁in ▁hiding . ▁The ▁two ▁then ▁fle e ▁town ▁for ▁the ▁night , ▁but ▁Billy ▁don s ▁war ▁paint , ▁enters ▁the ▁host el ▁where ▁Haw kins ▁and ▁R use ▁are ▁lod ged , ▁and ▁kills ▁them ▁both , ▁but ▁not ▁before ▁R use ▁wounds ▁Billy . ▁Cl are ▁and ▁Billy ▁fle e ▁the ▁comm otion ▁and ▁arrive ▁at ▁a ▁beach ▁where ▁Billy ▁d ances ▁and ▁decl ares ▁himself ▁a ▁free ▁man , ▁while ▁Cl are ▁s ings ▁a ▁pan egy ric ▁G ael ic ▁folk ▁song ▁as ▁the ▁two ▁watch ▁the ▁sun ▁rise . ▁ ▁Cast ▁ ▁A is ling ▁Franc ios i ▁as ▁Cl are ▁Car roll ▁ ▁Sam ▁Cl a fl in ▁as ▁Haw kins ▁ ▁Bay k ali ▁G an amb arr ▁as ▁" B illy " ▁M ang ana ▁ ▁Dam on ▁Herr iman ▁as ▁R use ▁ ▁Harry ▁Green wood ▁as ▁J ago ▁ ▁E wen ▁Les lie ▁as ▁Good win ▁ ▁Charlie ▁Sh ot well ▁as ▁Eddie ▁ ▁Michael ▁She as by ▁as |
▁A idan ▁Car roll ▁ ▁Charlie ▁J amp ij in pa ▁Brown ▁as ▁Charlie ▁ ▁Magn olia ▁May m uru ▁as ▁Low anna ▁ ▁Nathan iel ▁Dean ▁as ▁Sto akes ▁ ▁Luke ▁Car roll ▁as ▁Ar chie ▁ ▁Production ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁The ▁Sydney ▁Morning ▁Her ald , ▁director ▁Jennifer ▁Kent ▁was ▁" del ug ed " ▁with ▁film ▁scripts ▁from ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁after ▁the ▁success ▁of ▁her ▁debut ▁film ▁The ▁Bab ad ook ▁( 2 0 1 4 ), ▁but ▁decided ▁to ▁focus ▁on ▁writing ▁and ▁direct ing ▁The ▁Night ing ale . ▁Ind ie W ire ▁reported ▁that ▁shooting ▁for ▁The ▁Night ing ale ▁began ▁on ▁location ▁in ▁T as mania ▁in ▁March ▁ 2 0 1 7 . ▁ ▁Release ▁The ▁Night ing ale ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁on ▁ 2 ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 9 ▁by ▁I FC ▁Films , ▁and ▁in ▁Australia ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁August ▁by ▁Trans mission ▁Films . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁selected ▁to ▁be ▁screen ed ▁in ▁the ▁main ▁competition ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁ 7 5 th ▁Ven ice ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁and ▁had ▁its ▁Australian ▁premi ere ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁Ad ela ide ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁I FC ▁Films ▁announced ▁on ▁Twitter ▁they ▁bought ▁the ▁rights ▁to ▁distribute ▁the ▁film ▁in ▁the ▁US ▁and ▁have ▁set ▁a ▁release ▁for ▁Summer ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁following ▁its ▁festival ▁run . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁response ▁ ▁On ▁Rot ten ▁Tom atoes |
, ▁The ▁Night ing ale ▁holds ▁an ▁approval ▁rating ▁of ▁ 8 7 %, ▁based ▁on ▁ 2 2 5 ▁reviews , ▁and ▁an ▁average ▁rating ▁of ▁ 7 . 5 3 / 1 0 . ▁Its ▁consensus ▁reads ▁" The ▁Night ing ale ▁definitely ▁isn ' t ▁for ▁all ▁tastes , ▁but ▁writer - direct or ▁Jennifer ▁Kent ▁t aps ▁into ▁a ▁rich ▁ve in ▁of ▁pal p able ▁rage ▁to ▁tell ▁a ▁war ▁story ▁that ▁leaves ▁a ▁bru ising ▁impact ." ▁On ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁the ▁film ▁has ▁a ▁weight ed ▁average ▁score ▁of ▁ 7 7 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 0 , ▁based ▁on ▁ 3 5 ▁critics , ▁indicating ▁" gener ally ▁favor able ▁reviews ". ▁ ▁Cont ro vers y ▁The ▁Night ing ale ▁received ▁heavy ▁criticism ▁following ▁its ▁initial ▁screen ings ▁at ▁the ▁Sydney ▁Film ▁Festival , ▁where ▁approximately ▁ 3 0 ▁film - go ers ▁walked ▁out ▁of ▁the ▁theater ▁in ▁disgust ▁due ▁to ▁its ▁extreme ▁dep ictions ▁of ▁rape ▁and ▁murder . ▁One ▁view er ▁was ▁heard ▁shouting ▁" I ' m ▁not ▁watching ▁this ; ▁she ' s ▁already ▁been ▁rap ed ▁twice " ▁as ▁she ▁ex ited ▁the ▁theater . ▁Kent ▁def ended ▁the ▁decision ▁to ▁show ▁such ▁violence , ▁saying ▁that ▁the ▁film ▁contains ▁histor ically ▁accurate ▁dep ictions ▁of ▁the ▁violence ▁and ▁racism ▁that ▁colonial ▁power ▁inf lict ed ▁on ▁the ▁ind igenous ▁Australian ▁people ▁of ▁that ▁time . ▁The ▁film ▁was ▁produced ▁in ▁collaboration ▁with ▁T as |
man ian ▁Ab original ▁el ders ▁who ▁assert ed ▁that ▁this ▁is ▁an ▁honest ▁and ▁necessary ▁dep iction ▁of ▁their ▁history ▁and ▁a ▁story ▁that ▁needs ▁to ▁be ▁told . ▁Kent ▁said ▁she ▁understands ▁the ▁negative ▁reactions , ▁but ▁stated ▁that ▁she ▁remains ▁enorm ously ▁proud ▁of ▁the ▁film ▁and ▁stressed ▁to ▁audiences ▁that ▁this ▁film ▁is ▁about ▁a ▁need ▁for ▁love , ▁compassion ▁and ▁kindness ▁in ▁dark ▁times . ▁ ▁Acc ol ades ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁T as man ian ▁G oth ic ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 8 ▁films ▁Category : 2 0 1 0 s ▁thr iller ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : Austral ian ▁films ▁Category : Austral ian ▁thr iller ▁drama ▁films ▁Category : English - language ▁films ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁ 1 8 2 5 ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁colonial ▁Australia ▁Category : Fil ms ▁set ▁in ▁T as mania ▁Category : Fil ms ▁shot ▁in ▁T as mania ▁Category : IF C ▁Films ▁films ▁Category : R ape ▁and ▁revenge ▁films <0x0A> </s> ▁Kate h ▁Pos ht - e ▁O ly a ▁( , ▁also ▁Roman ized ▁as ▁Kate h ▁Pos ht - e ▁‘ O ly ā ; ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁Kate h ▁Pos ht ) ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁B ala ▁K hi y aban - e ▁Lit ku h ▁R ural ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁Central ▁District ▁of ▁Am ol ▁County , ▁Maz and aran ▁Province , ▁Iran . ▁At ▁the |
▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁census , ▁its ▁population ▁was ▁ 5 8 5 , ▁in ▁ 1 4 6 ▁families . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Am ol ▁County <0x0A> </s> ▁For ▁Common ▁C ause ▁is ▁a ▁London - based ▁charity ▁that ▁claims ▁to ▁combat ▁inequality ▁by ▁crow df und ing ▁skills , ▁money , ▁and ▁equipment ▁for ▁people ▁in ▁need ▁to ▁build ▁their ▁own ▁liv elihood s . ▁Vol unte ers ▁and ▁don ors ▁work ▁with ▁benef ici aries ▁first - hand ▁to ▁see ▁any ▁ ▁personal ▁impact . ▁ ▁For ▁Common ▁C ause ▁ident ifies ▁people ▁on ▁benefits ▁who ▁have ▁completed ▁training ▁and ▁prepared ▁business ▁plans ▁through ▁one ▁of ▁their ▁partners . ▁Pot ential ▁entrepre neurs ▁must ▁have ▁completed ▁training ▁and ▁prepared ▁business ▁plans ▁with ▁one ▁of ▁For ▁Common ▁C ause ' s ▁partners . ▁People ▁can ▁brow se ▁projects ▁or ▁micro - enter prises ▁to ▁contact ▁them ▁directly ▁to ▁offer ▁support . ▁Supp orters ▁can ▁help ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁ways : ▁volunte ering ▁time ▁or ▁skills ▁via ▁email , ▁phone , ▁or ▁at ▁an ▁event , ▁or ▁don ating ▁cash ▁or ▁equipment . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁For ▁Common ▁C ause ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁Karen ▁Snow ▁after ▁she ▁worked ▁with ▁D F ID ▁and ▁USA ID ▁on ▁poverty ▁reduction , ▁civ ic ▁participation , ▁and ▁public - private ▁partnership s . ▁Snow ▁founded ▁the ▁charity ▁after ▁working ▁with ▁victims ▁of ▁trauma ▁and ▁torture ▁in ▁apart heid ▁South ▁Africa ▁to ▁launch ▁their ▁own ▁liv elihood |
s . ▁" I ▁saw ▁there ▁was ▁nothing ▁for ▁those ▁at ▁the ▁grass ro ots ▁to ▁do ▁things ▁for ▁themselves . ▁We ▁have ▁big ▁institutions ▁and ▁governments , ▁but ▁they ▁only ▁offer ▁a ▁partial ▁solution ," ▁said ▁Snow ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁with ▁Cal ah ane ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Str ucture ▁and ▁management ▁ ▁The ▁charity ▁is ▁managed ▁by ▁its ▁governing ▁document , ▁a ▁de ed ▁of ▁trust , ▁and ▁const itutes ▁a ▁limited ▁company , ▁limited ▁by ▁guarantee ▁by ▁the ▁Companies ▁Act ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁For ▁Common ▁C ause ▁as ▁of ▁ 2 0 1 5 ▁has ▁ 2 6 0 ▁volunteers ▁who ▁support ▁the ▁benef ici aries ▁to ▁get ▁their ▁business ▁off ▁the ▁ground , ▁and ▁ 1 5 0 ▁registered ▁benef ici aries . ▁ ▁Fund s ▁come ▁from ▁individuals , ▁a ▁ 5 % ▁fee ▁on ▁all ▁don ations ▁made ▁through ▁the ▁site , ▁G ift ▁A id ▁from ▁don ations , ▁corporate ▁spons orship ▁and ▁trust ▁and ▁foundation ▁grants . ▁Un re str icted ▁funding ▁goes ▁towards ▁the ▁running ▁costs ▁of ▁the ▁organization ; ▁individual ▁don ations ▁made ▁towards ▁projects ▁go ▁directly ▁to ▁benef ici aries . ▁Incl uded ▁in ▁the ▁ 5 % ▁fee ▁are ▁fees ▁associated ▁with ▁credit ▁card ▁processing , ▁foreign ▁currency ▁exchange , ▁transaction ▁costs , ▁and ▁G ift ▁A id ▁processing ▁costs . ▁ ▁For ▁Common ▁C ause ▁had ▁an ▁income ▁of ▁£ 9 1 , 0 6 2 ▁and ▁spent ▁£ 5 8 , |
1 7 2 ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁Public ity ▁ ▁For ▁Common ▁C ause ▁participated ▁in ▁the ▁first ▁annual ▁Gr ass ▁Root s ▁Enterprise ▁conference ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 3 . ▁ ▁For ▁Common ▁C ause ▁featured ▁in ▁M EP ▁Sy ed ▁Kam all ' s ▁series ▁O UR C ITY ▁London ▁in ▁February ▁ 2 0 1 5 . ▁ ▁Karen ▁Snow ▁wrote ▁an ▁article ▁about ▁the ▁responsibility ▁of ▁al lev i ating ▁poverty ▁that ▁was ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁West min ster ▁Career ▁Development ▁Centre , ▁NC VO , ▁and ▁Pos itive ▁News . ▁ ▁R BS ▁SE 1 0 0 ▁Index , ▁an ▁annual ▁data ▁snapshot ▁to ▁measure ▁growth ▁and ▁examine ▁performance ▁of ▁social ▁enter prises , ▁gave ▁For ▁Common ▁C ause ▁an ▁Impact ▁Me asure ment ▁Score ▁of ▁ 7 ▁out ▁of ▁ 1 0 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Social ▁entrepreneur ship ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁" Off icial ▁Website " ▁ ▁Category : Ant i - p overty ▁advoc ates ▁Category : Char ities ▁based ▁in ▁London <0x0A> </s> ▁J us uf ▁" J u ka " ▁P raz ina ▁( ; ▁ 7 ▁September ▁ 1 9 6 2 ▁– ▁ 3 / 4 ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 3 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Bos n ian ▁gang ster ▁and ▁param il itary ▁war lord ▁during ▁the ▁Bos n ian ▁War . ▁ ▁A ▁trou bled ▁teen , ▁P raz ina ' s ▁youth ▁alleg edly ▁contained |
▁numerous ▁stays ▁in ▁various ▁j ails ▁and ▁correction al ▁facilities ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁Y ug oslav ia . ▁By ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s ▁he ▁had ▁become ▁involved ▁in ▁organized ▁crime , ▁eventually ▁heading ▁his ▁own ▁rack ete ering ▁gang ▁based ▁around ▁his ▁home ▁in ▁the ▁city ' s ▁Cent ar ▁municip ality . ▁ ▁With ▁the ▁on set ▁of ▁the ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Sar aj ev o ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 2 ▁P raz ina ▁expanded ▁his ▁gang ▁into ▁an ▁effective ▁param il itary ▁fighting ▁force . ▁This ▁force ▁was ▁central ▁in ▁the ▁effort ▁against ▁the ▁bes ie ging ▁Army ▁of ▁Repub lik a ▁Sr ps ka ▁( V RS ), ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁reward ed ▁for ▁his ▁contribution ▁to ▁the ▁city ' s ▁defense ▁by ▁appointment ▁to ▁the ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁government ' s ▁special ▁forces . ▁P raz ina ▁proved ▁problem atic ▁for ▁the ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina . ▁ ▁Following ▁a ▁warrant ▁for ▁his ▁arrest ▁in ▁October , ▁P raz ina ▁station ed ▁himself ▁on ▁Mount ▁I g man ▁and ▁coord inated ▁attacks ▁against ▁the ▁AR Bi H ▁until ▁his ▁event ual ▁defeat ▁and ▁exp ulsion ▁in ▁January ▁of ▁the ▁following ▁year . ▁P raz ina ▁moved ▁to ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁where ▁he ▁joined ▁forces ▁with ▁the ▁Cro at ian ▁Def ence ▁Council ▁and ▁committed ▁numerous ▁crimes ▁against ▁civ ilians ▁in ▁the ▁region . ▁He ▁left ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁a ▁few ▁months ▁later |
▁for ▁Cro at ia , ▁and ▁lived ▁on ▁the ▁Dal mat ian ▁coast ▁before ▁traveling ▁through ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁European ▁countries ▁and ▁finally ▁rel oc ating ▁to ▁Belgium . ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁found ▁dead ▁in ▁a ▁canal ▁near ▁the ▁German ▁border ▁by ▁two ▁h itch - h ik ers ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁documents ▁detail ing ▁w art ime ▁conversations ▁between ▁then ▁president ▁of ▁Cro at ia ▁Fran jo ▁Tu đ man ▁and ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Cro at ian ▁parliament ▁St j ep an ▁Mes ić ▁were ▁de class ified . ▁In ▁one ▁part ▁of ▁these ▁documents , ▁Mes ić ▁revealed ▁his ▁suspic ions ▁that ▁Bos n ian ▁Cro at ▁extrem ists ▁were ▁to ▁blame ▁for ▁P raz ina ’ s ▁death . ▁The ▁most ▁concrete ▁links ▁came ▁from ▁an ▁un successful ▁six - year ▁investigation ▁by ▁the ▁B av arian ▁Crim inal ▁Police . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁in ▁Sar aj ev o ▁P raz ina ▁had ▁two ▁siblings : ▁sister ▁Vas v ija ▁and ▁brother ▁Must af a . ▁Grow ing ▁up , ▁he ▁was ▁known ▁to ▁his ▁educ ators ▁as ▁a ▁trouble maker ▁and ▁problem atic ▁student , ▁spending ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁correction al ▁facilities . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁around ▁this ▁time ▁that ▁he ▁became ▁involved ▁with ▁a ▁local ▁gang ▁on ▁his ▁home ▁street ▁of ▁S ut jes ka . ▁As ▁a ▁teenager , ▁he ▁en rolled ▁in ▁a ▁stream lined ▁secondary ▁school ▁focusing ▁on |
▁commerce , ▁which ▁perhaps ▁contributed ▁to ▁his ▁event ual ▁involvement ▁in ▁rack ete ering . ▁His ▁early ▁trans gress ions ▁were ▁limited ▁to ▁bul lying ▁and ▁street ▁b raw ls . ▁ ▁Short ly ▁before ▁the ▁war , ▁P raz ina ▁established ▁and ▁registered ▁a ▁firm ▁for ▁debt ▁collection . ▁His ▁preferred ▁methods , ▁however , ▁were ▁hardly ▁legal . ▁P raz ina ▁would ▁first ▁demand ▁some ▁form ▁of ▁author ization , ▁then ▁threat en ▁a ▁pay er ▁and , ▁if ▁he ▁received ▁a ▁negative ▁response , ▁would ▁use ▁various ▁forms ▁of ▁violence ▁to ▁force ▁payment . ▁In ▁all ▁this , ▁P raz ina ▁developed ▁a ▁sophisticated ▁network ▁of ▁around ▁ 3 0 0 ▁armed ▁" collect ors " ▁under ▁his ▁control . ▁ ▁He ▁w ield ed ▁great ▁power ▁through ▁this ▁enterprise : ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁after ▁being ▁shot ▁during ▁a ▁pit - b ull ▁fight , ▁doctors ▁at ▁Ko š ev o ▁hospital ▁were ▁hes it ant ▁to ▁perform ▁the ▁necessary ▁operation ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁great ▁risk ▁involved . ▁In ▁response , ▁P raz ina ' s ▁small ▁army ▁bes ie ged ▁the ▁hospital ▁and ▁forced ▁the ▁surge ons ▁to ▁attempt ▁the ▁job . ▁Although ▁a ▁bullet ▁remained ▁( c aus ing ▁him ▁to ▁have ▁a ▁lim p ▁and ▁reduced ▁range ▁of ▁motion ▁on ▁his ▁left ▁hand ▁for ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁his ▁life ), ▁P raz ina ▁ultimately ▁survived ▁and ▁continued ▁his ▁activities . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁the ▁Y ug oslav ▁Wars ▁were ▁under way , |
▁P raz ina ▁had ▁been ▁arrested ▁and ▁j ailed ▁five ▁times , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁well - known ▁figure ▁in ▁Sar aj ev o ' s ▁under world . ▁ ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Sar aj ev o ▁ ▁R ise ▁to ▁power ▁Following ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁sie ge ▁of ▁Sar aj ev o , ▁P raz ina ▁set ▁out ▁with ▁his ▁gang ▁to ▁defend ▁the ▁city ▁from ▁the ▁attacks ▁of ▁the ▁V RS ▁( or ▁" C het nik s ," ▁as ▁he ▁called ▁them ). ▁Rap id ly ▁sw elling ▁his ▁numbers , ▁by ▁May ▁he ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁gather ▁some ▁ 3 , 0 0 0 ▁men ▁outside ▁the ▁city ' s ▁Dru ga ▁G im n az ija ▁high ▁school ▁( in ▁the ▁neighbour hood ▁where ▁he ▁grew ▁up ▁on ▁S ut jes ka ▁Street ) ▁and ▁declare ▁their ▁intention ▁to ▁" def end ▁Sar aj ev o ." ▁Ju ka ' s ▁Wol ves , ▁as ▁the ▁group ▁was ▁called , ▁were ▁thoroughly ▁armed ▁with ▁saw ed - off ▁shot gun s ▁and ▁A K - 4 7 s ▁( prov ided ▁in ▁part ▁through ▁a ▁connection ▁with ▁the ▁Cro at ian ▁Def ence ▁Forces ), ▁and ▁uniform ed ▁with ▁crew - c uts , ▁black ▁jump - su its , ▁sung lass es , ▁basketball ▁shoes , ▁and ▁sometimes ▁bal ac lav as . ▁ ▁They ▁were ▁split ▁into ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁local ity - based ▁fa ctions , ▁each ▁under ▁the ▁direct ▁control ▁of ▁one ▁of |
▁Ju ka ' s ▁close ▁conf id ants ▁but ▁ultimately ▁responsible ▁to ▁the ▁central ▁base ▁ran ▁by ▁P raz ina ▁himself . ▁In ▁contrast ▁to ▁all ▁this ▁( and ▁due ▁to ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁factors , ▁including ▁a ▁pre - war ▁policy ▁that ▁stro ve ▁for ▁a ▁peaceful ▁resolution ▁and ▁an ▁international ▁arms ▁embargo ), ▁the ▁central ▁government ▁under ▁Al ija ▁I zet b eg ović ▁and ▁its ▁formal ▁army ▁was ▁relatively ▁un organ ized ▁and ▁unpre pared . ▁Because ▁of ▁this , ▁the ▁assistance ▁of ▁well - armed ▁groups ▁such ▁as ▁P raz ina ' s ▁private ▁army ▁in ▁the ▁city ' s ▁defense ▁was ▁welcomed , ▁and ▁their ▁pre - war ▁criminal ity ▁overlook ed ▁in ▁light ▁of ▁their ▁apparent ▁willing ness ▁to ▁fight ▁for ▁a ▁united ▁and ▁sovere ign ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina . ▁ ▁P raz ina ▁played ▁an ▁integral ▁role ▁in ▁defending ▁Sar aj ev o ▁during ▁the ▁early ▁days ▁of ▁the ▁sie ge . ▁His ▁forces ▁cleared ▁the ▁streets ▁of ▁Ser b ▁param il it aries ▁and ▁the ▁areas ▁under ▁his ▁control ▁( most ▁notably ▁Al ipa š ino ▁pol je ) ▁were ▁considered ▁im pen etr able ▁to ▁the ▁enemy . ▁On ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁occasions ▁he ▁participated ▁in ▁actions ▁or chestr ated ▁by ▁the ▁leaders ▁of ▁other ▁military ▁units ▁more ▁closely ▁affili ated ▁with ▁the ▁central ▁government ▁( such ▁as ▁Dr agan ▁V iki ć ), ▁many ▁of ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁good ▁relations ▁with . ▁He ▁was ▁pro claimed ▁a ▁hero ▁by |
▁the ▁Bos n ian ▁press ▁while ▁the ▁Western ▁media ▁frequently ▁port rayed ▁him ▁as ▁a ▁sort ▁of ▁Robin ▁H ood ▁figure . ▁He ▁was ▁widely ▁adm ired ▁among ▁the ▁bes ie ged ▁Sar aj ev o ▁popul ace , ▁even ▁appearing ▁in ▁contemporary ▁patri otic ▁songs . ▁P raz ina ' s ▁own ▁actions ▁helped ▁enhance ▁the ▁myth ▁that ▁was ▁being ▁built ▁around ▁him . ▁At ▁a ▁time ▁when ▁many ▁Sar aj ev ans ▁had ▁to ▁risk ▁their ▁lives ▁for ▁human itarian ▁food ▁provisions , ▁P raz ina ▁handed ▁out ▁candy ▁to ▁children ▁on ▁the ▁street ▁( al beit ▁usually ▁accompanied ▁by ▁the ▁cameras ▁of ▁foreign ▁news ▁services ). ▁When ▁P raz ina ▁captured ▁a ▁Ser b ▁sn iper ▁on ▁the ▁ro oft op ▁of ▁a ▁six - story ▁building ▁and ▁accidentally ▁caused ▁the ▁start led ▁man ▁to ▁fall ▁off ▁the ▁edge , ▁the ▁relatively ▁une vent ful ▁story ▁was ▁transformed ▁into ▁a ▁popular ▁an ec d ote ▁where ▁P raz ina ▁personally ▁threw ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁hated ▁enemy ▁shar ps h oot ers ▁to ▁death . ▁ ▁S plit ▁with ▁government ▁His ▁popularity ▁among ▁Sar aj ev o ▁citizens ▁was ▁in ▁sharp ▁contrast ▁to ▁the ▁view ▁held ▁by ▁central ▁authorities . ▁Despite ▁his ▁many ▁positive ▁contributions ▁to ▁the ▁city ' s ▁defense , ▁P raz ina ' s ▁involvement ▁had ▁numerous ▁negative ▁aspects ▁as ▁well . ▁He ▁was ▁ambitious ▁and ▁wanted ▁to ▁be ▁named ▁the ▁overall ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁city ' s ▁defense . ▁He ▁res ented ▁what ▁he ▁perceived ▁to ▁be |
▁the ▁increasing ▁involvement ▁and ▁influence ▁of ▁Bos ni aks ▁from ▁Sand ž ak ▁in ▁the ▁Bos n ian ▁army ▁and ▁government ▁( the ▁so - called ▁Sand ž ak ▁line ), ▁and ▁in ▁particular ▁the ▁power ▁held ▁by ▁Se fer ▁Hal il ović , ▁the ▁man ▁who ▁held ▁his ▁desired ▁position ▁( head ▁of ▁the ▁general ▁staff ▁of ▁AR Bi H ). ▁ ▁P raz ina ' s ▁frustr ations ▁were ▁such ▁that ▁in ▁late ▁June ▁he ▁even ▁laid ▁sie ge ▁to ▁the ▁Pres id ency ▁Building , ▁finally ▁conv incing ▁the ▁government ▁that ▁the ▁issue ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁addressed ▁immediately . ▁He ▁was ▁soon ▁after ▁appointed ▁to ▁the ▁General ▁Staff ▁of ▁the ▁AR Bi H ▁and ▁made ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁army ' s ▁special ▁forces ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁Special ▁Brigade ▁of ▁the ▁AR Bi H ▁( i . e . ▁the ▁official ▁term ▁for ▁his ▁private ▁army ). ▁P raz ina ▁was ▁becoming ▁more ▁and ▁more ▁of ▁a ▁nu is ance ▁and ▁the ▁official ▁titles ▁essentially ▁served ▁as ▁con cess ions ▁to ▁keep ▁him ▁at ▁bay . ▁Despite ▁his ▁appointment ▁to ▁the ▁post , ▁he ▁was ▁not ▁considered ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁equal ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁General ▁Staff , ▁and ▁t ensions ▁between ▁him ▁and ▁Hal il ović ▁w ors ened ▁( on ▁one ▁occasion ▁he ▁broke ▁into ▁a ▁press ▁conference ▁held ▁by ▁the ▁General ▁Staff ▁and ▁shouted ▁" You , ▁bast ards ! ▁Why ▁haven ' t ▁I ▁been ▁invited ?" ). ▁P raz ina ▁never ▁abandoned ▁his ▁criminal |
▁past ; ▁he ▁and ▁his ▁group ▁were ▁not or iously ▁corrupt , ▁involved ▁in ▁numerous ▁grand ▁theft s , ▁in ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁city ' s ▁black ▁market , ▁and ▁increasingly ▁connected ▁to ▁various ▁at roc ities ▁against ▁civ ilians ▁and ▁PO W s . ▁ ▁His ▁relations ▁with ▁central ▁authorities ▁stead ily ▁deter ior ated ▁over ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁year . ▁In ▁September ▁he ▁had ▁an ▁alleg edly ▁threatening ▁alter c ation ▁with ▁Al ija ▁I zet b eg ović ▁in ▁the ▁president ' s ▁office , ▁following ▁which ▁he ▁was ▁asked ▁to ▁resign ▁from ▁his ▁position ▁as ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁General ▁Staff . ▁Incre asing ly ▁trou bled ▁and ▁unable ▁to ▁cope ▁with ▁I zet b eg ović ' s ▁subtle ▁pl ots ▁to ▁remove ▁him ▁from ▁the ▁center ▁of ▁power , ▁his ▁mental ▁health ▁reported ly ▁further ▁w ors ened ▁when ▁his ▁pregnant ▁wife ▁Ž ak l ina ▁was ▁wounded . ▁After ▁a ▁short ▁government - appro ved ▁leave ▁from ▁the ▁city ▁to ▁accompany ▁his ▁wife ▁for ▁medical ▁treatment , ▁he ▁returned ▁to ▁Sar aj ev o ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁conduct ▁his ▁forces ▁more ▁and ▁more ▁independently ▁of ▁the ▁government . ▁In ▁October ▁the ▁Bos n ian ▁government ▁finally ▁issued ▁a ▁warrant ▁for ▁Ju ka ' s ▁arrest , ▁acc using ▁him ▁of ▁tre ason , ▁ext ortion , ▁and ▁an ▁addiction ▁to ▁coc aine . ▁He ▁was ▁briefly ▁arrested ▁during ▁a ▁stop ▁in ▁Kon j ic , ▁but ▁freed ▁as ▁soon ▁as ▁a ▁group ▁of ▁his ▁followers ▁gathered |
▁outside ▁the ▁police ▁station ▁and ▁demanded ▁he ▁be ▁released . ▁ ▁E scape ▁to ▁I g man ▁No ▁longer ▁safe ▁in ▁Sar aj ev o , ▁P raz ina ▁decided ▁to ▁establish ▁himself ▁on ▁M t . ▁I g man ▁above ▁the ▁city . ▁His ▁announced ▁intentions ▁were ▁to ▁come ▁down ▁from ▁the ▁mountains , ▁break ▁the ▁sie ge ▁of ▁the ▁city , ▁and ▁over throw ▁his ▁enemies ▁in ▁the ▁central ▁government . ▁In ▁a ▁December ▁interview ▁with ▁the ▁C BC , ▁he ▁stated ▁that ▁the ▁required ▁action ▁was ▁im min ent ▁because ▁he ▁wanted ▁the ▁victory ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁present ▁to ▁Sar aj ev ans ▁for ▁Christmas . ▁However , ▁his ▁former ▁officers ▁who ▁remained ▁ent ren ched ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁below ▁refused ▁to ▁answer ▁his ▁calls ▁for ▁them ▁to ▁join ▁him . ▁Not ▁willing ▁to ▁leave ▁their ▁defensive ▁positions ▁and ▁open ▁up ▁various ▁front s ▁for ▁the ▁V RS , ▁the ▁greater ▁part ▁of ▁P raz ina ' s ▁former ▁army ▁remained ▁in ▁the ▁city ▁and ▁was ▁formally ▁incorporated ▁into ▁the ▁AR Bi H . ▁This ▁left ▁P raz ina ▁with ▁only ▁around ▁ 2 0 0 ▁of ▁his ▁most ▁loyal ▁followers ▁on ▁I g man . ▁That ▁fall ▁and ▁winter ▁saw ▁numerous ▁battles ▁between ▁P raz ina ▁and ▁AR Bi H ▁forces ▁on ▁the ▁mountain . ▁ ▁The ▁decis ive ▁alter c ation ▁occurred ▁one ▁day ▁when ▁P raz ina ▁expected ▁to ▁initi ate ▁a ▁counter - off ensive ▁against ▁certain ▁government ▁units ▁with ▁another ▁local ▁war lord , ▁Z |
ulf ik ar ▁" Z u ka " ▁Ali š p ago . ▁Un bek nown st ▁to ▁P raz ina , ▁Ali š p ago ▁was ▁working ▁for ▁the ▁AR Bi H , ▁which ▁had ▁even ▁supplied ▁him ▁with ▁six ▁tanks ▁for ▁a ▁final ▁confront ation ▁with ▁P raz ina . ▁Ali š p ago ▁trick ed ▁P raz ina ▁into ▁sending ▁over ▁his ▁troops ▁under ▁the ▁pret ense ▁of ▁helping ▁with ▁prepar ations ▁for ▁the ▁offensive . ▁When ▁P raz ina ' s ▁men ▁arrived ▁at ▁Ali š p ago ' s ▁base , ▁they ▁were ▁either ▁captured ▁or ▁executed . ▁By ▁the ▁time ▁P raz ina ▁realized ▁he ▁was ▁facing ▁a ▁trap , ▁it ▁was ▁too ▁late . ▁Ali š p ago ' s ▁forces ▁initiated ▁an ▁offensive ▁and ▁P raz ina ▁was ▁forced ▁to ▁retreat ▁and ▁fle e ▁M t . ▁I g man . ▁ ▁Activ ities ▁in ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁During ▁his ▁time ▁on ▁M t . ▁I g man , ▁P raz ina ▁had ▁established ▁formal ▁ties ▁with ▁the ▁H VO ▁through ▁Bos n ian ▁Cro at ▁war lord ▁M l aden ▁" T uta " ▁N al et ili ć ▁and , ▁following ▁the ▁Bos n ian ▁government ' s ▁decision ▁to ▁relie ve ▁him ▁of ▁his ▁AR Bi H ▁commands , ▁aligned ▁himself ▁with ▁N al et ili ć ' s ▁" Conv icts ▁Batt alion " ▁param il itary ▁unit . ▁Not ▁content ▁with ▁this ▁state ▁of ▁affairs ▁and ▁wish ing ▁to |
▁fight ▁under ▁a ▁recognized ▁army , ▁P raz ina ▁asked ▁to ▁be ▁formally ▁incorporated ▁into ▁the ▁H VO ▁on ▁ 1 4 ▁December . ▁Init ially ▁the ▁H VO ▁denied ▁his ▁request ▁by ▁stating ▁that ▁they ▁had ▁nothing ▁to ▁gain ▁from ▁having ▁a ▁presence ▁on ▁I g man , ▁but ▁by ▁the ▁latter ▁half ▁of ▁his ▁stay ▁on ▁the ▁mountain ▁his ▁event ual ▁transfer ▁to ▁the ▁H VO ▁was ▁considered ▁im min ent . ▁In ▁trying ▁to ▁convince ▁his ▁closest ▁officers ▁to ▁join ▁him ▁on ▁I g man ▁he ▁had ▁revealed ▁his ▁intentions ▁of ▁joining ▁the ▁H VO ▁and ▁their ▁willing ness ▁to ▁accept ▁him ; ▁revel ations ▁which ▁played ▁a ▁role ▁in ▁their ▁ref usal ▁to ▁follow ▁him . ▁Despite ▁this ▁lack ▁of ▁support ▁from ▁his ▁former ▁com r ades , ▁the ▁consequences ▁of ▁his ▁defeat ▁at ▁the ▁hands ▁of ▁Zu ka ▁and ▁the ▁AR Bi H ▁made ▁H VO ▁held ▁territory ▁in ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁a ▁logical ▁destination ▁for ▁P raz ina . ▁ ▁The ▁H VO ▁authorities ▁appointed ▁P raz ina ▁head ▁of ▁their ▁Special ▁Forces ▁and ▁assigned ▁him ▁to ▁guard ▁over ▁the ▁Sar aj ev o - Most ar ▁corridor ▁near ▁the ▁hydro elect ric ▁power ▁plant ▁Sal akov ac ▁in ▁northern ▁Herz eg ov ina . ▁There ▁he ▁rout inely ▁stopped ▁and ▁m alt reated ▁passing ▁Bos ni aks ; ▁particularly ▁those ▁that ▁h ailed ▁from ▁Sar aj ev o ▁or ▁Sand ž ak . ▁Following ▁the ▁start ▁of ▁the ▁Bos ni ak - C ro at |
▁conflict ▁that ▁spring , ▁the ▁H VO ▁launched ▁a ▁major ▁offensive ▁in ▁Most ar ▁on ▁ 9 ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁Prior ▁to ▁the ▁conflict , ▁the ▁population ▁of ▁Most ar ▁( the ▁major ▁urban ▁center ▁of ▁Herz eg ov ina ) ▁was ▁nearly ▁even ly ▁split ▁among ▁the ▁two ▁peoples . ▁With ▁the ▁battle ▁front ▁running ▁down ▁the ▁city ' s ▁main ▁bou lev ard , ▁the ▁H VO ▁set ▁out ▁to ▁eth n ically ▁clean se ▁the ▁western ▁side ▁of ▁town ▁under ▁their ▁control . ▁P raz ina ▁and ▁his ▁unit , ▁sent ▁down ▁from ▁their ▁previous ▁post , ▁were ▁responsible ▁for ▁carrying ▁out ▁the ▁bulk ▁of ▁this ▁operation . ▁ ▁P raz ina ▁justified ▁his ▁actions ▁by ▁brand ing ▁the ▁exp elled ▁Bos ni ak ▁civ ilians ▁as ▁extrem ists , ▁and ▁by ▁claiming ▁that ▁their ▁homes ▁in ▁the ▁tower ▁blocks ▁had ▁to ▁be ▁vac ated ▁so ▁as ▁to ▁not ▁leave ▁good ▁v antage ▁points ▁for ▁enemy ▁sn ip ers . ▁For ▁the ▁remainder ▁of ▁his ▁stay ▁in ▁Herz eg ov ina , ▁P raz ina ▁fought ▁against ▁AR Bi H ▁forces ▁on ▁a ▁portion ▁of ▁the ▁front ▁line ▁along ▁the ▁bou lev ard . ▁He ▁also ▁reported ly ▁ran ▁the ▁Hel iod rom ▁Camp ▁for ▁Bos ni aks , ▁making ▁frequent ▁visits ▁and ▁even ▁directly ▁participating ▁in ▁the ▁m alt reat ment ▁of ▁det aine es . ▁ ▁Later ▁days ▁and ▁death ▁Following ▁his ▁actions ▁in ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁P raz ina ▁left ▁for ▁Cro |
at ia , ▁spending ▁several ▁months ▁in ▁a ▁vill a ▁on ▁the ▁Dal mat ian ▁coast ▁provided ▁for ▁by ▁the ▁Cro at ian ▁government . ▁General ▁St j ep an ▁Š iber ▁would ▁later ▁rec ount ▁to ▁Sar aj ev o ▁media ▁a ▁brief ▁encounter ▁he ▁had ▁with ▁him ▁in ▁a ▁Zag reb ▁hotel ▁lobby ▁in ▁early ▁May ▁ 1 9 9 3 . ▁He ▁stated ▁that ▁a ▁je an - cl ad ▁P raz ina ▁approached ▁him , ▁expressed ▁regret ▁for ▁his ▁actions ▁and ▁asked ▁to ▁be ▁forg iven ▁and ▁re inst ated ▁to ▁the ▁AR Bi H . ▁Š iber ▁assured ▁P raz ina ▁he ▁would ▁do ▁what ▁he ▁could , ▁after ▁which ▁the ▁two ▁never ▁saw ▁each ▁other ▁again . ▁Not ▁allowed ▁to ▁carry ▁weapons ▁by ▁the ▁Zag reb ▁authorities , ▁P raz ina ▁alleg edly ▁grew ▁bitter ▁and ▁rest less . ▁ ▁Through ▁b rib es ▁and ▁threats , ▁he ▁eventually ▁managed ▁to ▁get ▁a ▁permission ▁to ▁go ▁to ▁Sl oven ia ▁for ▁himself ▁and ▁twenty ▁close ▁companions . ▁From ▁there ▁the ▁group ▁moved ▁through ▁Austria ▁and ▁Germany ▁before ▁finally ▁rel oc ating ▁to ▁Li ège , ▁Belgium . ▁Although ▁P raz ina ▁settled ▁himself ▁and ▁his ▁followers ▁in ▁a ▁neighborhood ▁pop ulated ▁mostly ▁by ▁immigrants ▁from ▁Turkey ▁and ▁the ▁Mag h reb , ▁he ▁eventually ▁established ▁himself ▁among ▁the ▁city ' s ▁small ▁Y ug oslav ▁em igr ant ▁community . ▁There , ▁P raz ina ▁was ▁last ▁seen ▁the ▁night ▁of ▁ 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 |
9 3 . ▁He ▁went ▁out ▁with ▁his ▁body gu ards ▁after ▁a ▁game ▁of ▁cards ▁and ▁never ▁came ▁back . ▁The ▁next ▁morning , ▁German ▁police ▁found ▁his ▁A udi ▁abandoned ▁at ▁the ▁rail road ▁station ▁in ▁A achen . ▁The ▁car ▁body ▁had ▁two ▁bullet ▁holes ▁from ▁a ▁ 9 mm ▁hand gun ; ▁presum ed ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁Ber etta . ▁P raz ina ' s ▁body ▁was ▁discovered ▁in ▁a ▁canal ▁alongside ▁a ▁highway ▁near ▁the ▁German ▁border ▁by ▁two ▁Roman ian ▁h itch - h ik ers ▁on ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁Eve . ▁The ▁bul lets ▁found ▁in ▁P raz ina ' s ▁head ▁correspon ded ▁to ▁the ▁holes ▁in ▁his ▁car , ▁and ▁the ▁ownership ▁of ▁a ▁Ber etta ▁by ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁body gu ards ▁sealed ▁the ▁case ▁in ▁the ▁eyes ▁of ▁Belg ian ▁police . ▁The ▁four ▁body gu ards ▁were ▁arrested , ▁and ▁three ▁of ▁them ▁went ▁on ▁to ▁be ▁tried ▁and ▁sent enced ▁to ▁serve ▁time ▁in ▁prison . ▁ ▁As ▁the ▁specific ▁mot ive ▁was ▁never ▁established , ▁the ▁case ▁allowed ▁for ▁numerous ▁conspiracy ▁theories . ▁Cro at ian ▁media ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁bl amed ▁the ▁Bos n ian ▁government ▁of ▁Al ija ▁I zet b eg ović ▁and ▁claimed ▁there ▁were ▁links ▁to ▁the ▁Sy rian ▁secret ▁service . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁documents ▁detail ing ▁war - time ▁conversations ▁between ▁then ▁president ▁of ▁Cro at ia ▁Fran jo ▁Tu đ man ▁and ▁president ▁of ▁the |
▁Cro at ian ▁parliament ▁St j ep an ▁Mes ić ▁were ▁de class ified . ▁In ▁one ▁part ▁of ▁these ▁documents , ▁Mes ić ▁revealed ▁his ▁suspic ions ▁that ▁Bos n ian ▁Cro at ▁extrem ists ▁were ▁to ▁blame ▁for ▁P raz ina ' s ▁death . ▁The ▁most ▁concrete ▁links ▁came ▁from ▁an ▁un successful ▁six - year ▁investigation ▁by ▁the ▁B av arian ▁Crim inal ▁Police . ▁The ▁investigation ▁im plicated ▁Bos ni ak ▁gang ster ▁Sen ad ▁" Š aja " ▁Š ah in pa š ić , ▁and ▁was ▁based ▁on ▁t apped ▁phone ▁conversations ▁which ▁showed ▁that ▁Š ah in pa š ić ▁was ▁aware ▁of ▁P raz ina ' s ▁death ▁by ▁ 5 ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁– ▁well ▁before ▁his ▁body ▁had ▁been ▁discovered . ▁Š ah in pa š ić ▁had ▁previously ▁been ▁involved ▁in ▁threatening ▁alter c ations ▁with ▁P raz ina , ▁who ▁had ▁considered ▁Š ah in pa š ić ▁to ▁be ▁a ▁threat ▁due ▁to ▁his ▁financial ▁resources ▁and ▁Sand ž ak ▁origins . ▁W itness ▁testim on ies ▁and ▁the ▁nature ▁of ▁the ▁questions ▁asked ▁by ▁investig ators ▁showed ▁that ▁the ▁German ▁police ▁had ▁serious ▁indic ations ▁that ▁P raz ina ▁had ▁been ▁killed ▁by ▁Z ijo ▁O ru č ev ić ▁from ▁Most ar . ▁Specific ally , ▁one ▁witness ▁test ified ▁that ▁he ▁believed ▁Š ah in pa š ić ▁had ▁convinced ▁O ru č ev ić ▁to ▁issue ▁an ▁order ▁for ▁the ▁assass ination |
▁of ▁P raz ina . ▁Dec iding ▁that ▁there ▁was ▁not ▁enough ▁evidence ▁for ▁a ▁prosecut ion , ▁the ▁police ▁closed ▁the ▁investigation ▁on ▁ 1 5 ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 8 . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁ ▁Coll abor ation ▁with ▁V RS ▁Throughout ▁his ▁time ▁in ▁Sar aj ev o , ▁P raz ina ▁collabor ated ▁with ▁Repub lik a ▁Sr ps ka ▁officials ▁in ▁a ▁variety ▁of ▁criminal ▁activities . ▁He ▁often ▁ex changed ▁money , ▁people , ▁and ▁prisoners ▁of ▁war ▁with ▁V RS ▁authorities ▁in ▁the ▁occupied ▁territor ies ▁around ▁Sar aj ev o . ▁With ▁their ▁support , ▁P raz ina ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁effectively ▁run ▁the ▁black ▁market ▁during ▁the ▁sie ge . ▁In ▁his ▁deal ings ▁with ▁the ▁V RS , ▁P raz ina ▁even ▁had ▁written ▁permission ▁from ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁the ▁Repub lik a ▁Sr ps ka , ▁Rad ovan ▁Kar ad ž ić . ▁During ▁the ▁sie ge , ▁P raz ina ▁was ▁also ▁in ▁contact ▁with ▁Rad ovan ' s ▁son , ▁Sa š a . ▁Post - war ▁revel ations ▁of ▁these ▁activities ▁have ▁served ▁to ▁sour ▁P raz ina ' s ▁legacy ▁among ▁the ▁Bos ni ak ▁citizens ▁of ▁Sar aj ev o , ▁who ▁once ▁considered ▁him ▁among ▁the ▁most ▁positive ▁figures ▁of ▁the ▁Bos n ian ▁war . ▁ ▁War ▁crimes ▁in ▁Sar aj ev o ▁P raz ina ▁was ▁accused ▁of ▁comm itting ▁various ▁war ▁crimes ▁over ▁the ▁course ▁of ▁the ▁war . ▁An ▁order ▁from |
▁president ▁I zet b eg ović ▁placed ▁P raz ina ▁beyond ▁the ▁control ▁of ▁the ▁military ▁police , ▁and ▁his ▁men ▁were ▁known ▁to ▁take ▁prisoners ▁of ▁war ▁from ▁government ▁pr isons ▁for ▁their ▁own ▁purposes . ▁Many ▁regular ▁residents ▁of ▁Sar aj ev o ▁were ▁also ▁treated ▁harsh ly ; ▁members ▁of ▁his ▁unit ▁were ▁involved ▁in ▁ext ortion , ▁lo oting ▁and ▁rape , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁various ▁instances ▁of ▁violence ▁against ▁civ ilians . ▁In ▁one ▁case , ▁while ▁on ▁M t . ▁I g man , ▁P raz ina ▁personally ▁beat ▁one ▁fle eing ▁civilian ' s ▁head ▁against ▁the ▁hood ▁of ▁a ▁car . ▁Within ▁the ▁city , ▁P raz ina ' s ▁Wol ves ▁were ▁known ▁for ▁appropri ating ▁apartments ▁and ▁ab duct ing ▁and ▁ab using ▁their ▁owners . ▁Furthermore , ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁black ▁market ▁activities , ▁P raz ina ' s ▁unit ▁frequently ▁ra ided ▁the ▁city ' s ▁shops ▁and ▁ware h ouses . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Is met ▁B aj ram ović ▁Ram iz ▁Del ali ć ▁Mu š an ▁Top al ović ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 3 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Sar aj ev o ▁Category : B os ni aks ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁Category : B os nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁Muslims ▁Category : B os nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁mob sters ▁Category : Mil itary |
▁personnel ▁of ▁the ▁Bos n ian ▁War ▁Category : Ar my ▁of ▁the ▁Republic ▁of ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁soldiers ▁Category : De ath s ▁by ▁fire arm ▁in ▁Bos nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁Category : M ur der ed ▁mob sters ▁Category : B os nia ▁and ▁Herz eg ov ina ▁people ▁murdered ▁abroad ▁Category : Place ▁of ▁death ▁unknown ▁Category : C ro at ian ▁Def ence ▁Council ▁soldiers <0x0A> </s> ▁is ▁a ▁puzzle ▁video ▁game ▁developed ▁by ▁N ats ume ▁and ▁published ▁by ▁J al ec o ▁for ▁arc ades ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 , ▁and ▁was ▁port ed ▁to ▁the ▁Game ▁Boy , ▁S ega ▁Sat urn , ▁and ▁Play Station ▁later ▁that ▁year . ▁The ▁game ▁would ▁be ▁followed ▁by ▁a ▁sequ el , ▁T et ris ▁Plus ▁ 2 , ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁Port s ▁were ▁to ▁be ▁developed ▁for ▁the ▁At ari ▁Jag uar ▁and ▁Nintendo ▁ 6 4 ▁but ▁these ▁never ▁released . ▁ ▁Game play ▁The ▁game ▁consists ▁of ▁two ▁main ▁modes , ▁Classic ▁Mode ▁and ▁P uzz le ▁Mode . ▁Classic ▁Mode ▁functions ▁like ▁the ▁original ▁T et ris ▁game ▁for ▁the ▁Game ▁Boy ▁except ▁with ▁different ▁music ▁and ▁visual s . ▁However , ▁because ▁the ▁car tr idge ▁has ▁battery - powered ▁SR AM , ▁it ▁also ▁has ▁the ▁ability ▁to ▁remember ▁high - sc ores , ▁unlike ▁the ▁original ▁Game ▁Boy ▁game . ▁P uzz le ▁Mode ▁is ▁a ▁twist |
▁on ▁the ▁classic ▁game play ▁that ▁provides ▁a ▁new ▁scenario . ▁Also ▁included ▁is ▁an ▁editor ▁for ▁making ▁P uzz le ▁levels , ▁and ▁Link ▁capability ▁for ▁competitive ▁multi player ▁in ▁either ▁game ▁mode . ▁ ▁The ▁console ▁versions ▁also ▁have ▁a ▁two - player ▁Vers us ▁Mode , ▁which ▁is ▁essentially ▁puzzle ▁mode ▁with ▁two ▁players ▁racing ▁for ▁the ▁finish ▁line . ▁ ▁P uzz le ▁Mode ▁The ▁biggest ▁addition ▁to ▁T et ris ▁Plus ▁is ▁the ▁P uzz le ▁Mode . ▁The ▁player ▁starts ▁with ▁the ▁first ▁zone , ▁the ▁Egypt ; ▁later ▁there ▁are ▁in ▁order : ▁Ang kor ▁Wat , ▁May a ▁and ▁Kn oss os . ▁The ▁final ▁area , ▁Atl ant is , ▁is ▁unlock ed ▁by ▁successfully ▁completing ▁the ▁other ▁four ▁stages . ▁Each ▁of ▁the ▁four ▁locations ▁has ▁a ▁different ▁level ▁set . ▁Once ▁the ▁game ▁starts , ▁the ▁player ▁is ▁presented ▁with ▁a ▁cluster ▁of ▁pre - pl aced ▁br icks , ▁and ▁the ▁professor ▁enters ▁the ▁play - area ▁through ▁a ▁disappe aring ▁gate . ▁The ▁objective ▁is ▁to ▁get ▁the ▁professor ▁to ▁the ▁bottom ▁of ▁the ▁screen , ▁by ▁placing ▁blocks ▁and ▁clearing ▁lines , ▁before ▁the ▁sp ik ed ▁ceiling ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁comes ▁down ▁and ▁cr ushes ▁him . ▁ ▁The ▁player ' s ▁goal ▁is ▁to ▁guide ▁this ▁archae ologist ▁to ▁the ▁bottom ▁as ▁fast ▁as ▁possible . ▁Two ▁blocks ▁wide ▁and ▁tall , ▁he ▁will ▁aim lessly ▁walk ▁forward ▁until ▁he ▁b umps ▁into ▁a ▁block , ▁after |
▁which ▁he ▁turns ▁around ▁and ▁walks ▁the ▁other ▁way . ▁If ▁he ▁comes ▁across ▁a ▁gap ▁that ▁is ▁large ▁enough ▁for ▁him ▁to ▁fit ▁through , ▁he ▁will ▁fall ▁down ▁onto ▁the ▁blocks ▁below ▁him . ▁Con vers ely , ▁if ▁blocks ▁are ▁placed ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁him , ▁he ▁will ▁climb ▁up ▁them ▁until ▁he ▁reaches ▁the ▁top . ▁If ▁these ▁blocks ▁lead ▁too ▁closely ▁to ▁the ▁sp ikes , ▁the ▁professor ▁will ▁die . ▁ ▁Upon ▁starting ▁the ▁level , ▁the ▁sp ik ed ▁ceiling ▁will ▁start ▁at ▁the ▁top ▁of ▁the ▁play ▁area . ▁About ▁once ▁every ▁eighteen ▁seconds , ▁it ▁will ▁move ▁down ▁one ▁row , ▁slowly ▁taking ▁away ▁work able ▁space . ▁The ▁player ▁is ▁able ▁to ▁make ▁the ▁ceiling ▁go ▁back ▁up , ▁however , ▁if ▁they ▁can ▁clear ▁three ▁or ▁four ▁rows ▁at ▁once . ▁The ▁ceiling ▁will ▁also ▁destroy ▁any ▁placed ▁blocks ▁that ▁are ▁in ▁its ▁way . ▁This ▁can ▁be ▁used ▁as ▁a ▁garbage ▁dispos al , ▁by ▁having ▁it ▁remove ▁any ▁unw anted ▁pieces ▁until ▁the ▁piece ▁the ▁player ▁wants ▁shows ▁up . ▁ ▁Release ▁The ▁game ▁was ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁by ▁J al ec o , ▁shortly ▁after ▁the ▁company ▁signed ▁an ▁agreement ▁with ▁Blue ▁Plan et ▁Software ▁giving ▁J al ec o ▁exclusive ▁rights ▁to ▁publish ▁T et ris ▁games ▁for ▁the ▁Sat urn ▁and ▁Play Station ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁for ▁the ▁following ▁two ▁years . ▁The ▁Play Station ▁version ▁sold ▁well |
▁enough ▁to ▁be ▁re - re leased ▁for ▁the ▁Great est ▁H its ▁budget ▁range . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Crit ical ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁S ega ▁Sat urn ▁version ▁was ▁generally ▁un enth us i astic . ▁Game Sp ot ▁editor ▁Peter ▁Cris cu ola ▁referred ▁to ▁it ▁as ▁" a ▁fee ble ▁attempt ▁at ▁rev iving ▁a ▁legend ", ▁Game Pro s ▁Sc ary ▁Larry ▁as ▁" a ▁poor ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁T et ris ▁library ", ▁and ▁Stephen ▁Full j ames ▁of ▁S ega ▁Sat urn ▁Magazine ▁as ▁" c ertain ly ▁nothing ▁to ▁get ▁excited ▁about ." ▁The ▁four ▁review ers ▁of ▁Elect ronic ▁G aming ▁Month ly ▁were ▁more ▁positive ▁than ▁most , ▁with ▁Dan ▁H su ▁de em ing ▁it ▁" a ▁good ▁package ▁for ▁even ▁a ▁part - time ▁T et ris ▁fan " ▁and ▁S ush i - X ▁" a ▁reward ing ▁title ▁with ▁multiple ▁levels ▁of ▁fun ▁with ▁the ▁same ▁classic ▁challenge ." ▁The ▁P uzz le ▁Mode ▁was ▁met ▁with ▁dis appro val ▁for ▁various ▁reasons : ▁Cris cu ola ▁said ▁it ▁was ▁too ▁easy , ▁Full j ames ▁said ▁it ▁was ▁frustr ating ly ▁hard , ▁Sc ary ▁Larry ▁said ▁it ▁didn ' t ▁differ ▁enough ▁from ▁the ▁original ▁T et ris , ▁and ▁a ▁Next ▁Generation ▁critic ▁said ▁it ▁simply ▁wasn ' t ▁as ▁appealing ▁as ▁the ▁original . ▁Other ▁frequent ▁critic isms ▁were ▁that ▁the ▁graphics ▁are ▁sub par , ▁and ▁that ▁the ▁controls ▁in ▁all ▁the ▁modes ▁are |
▁more ▁difficult ▁and ▁counter int u itive ▁than ▁in ▁previous ▁versions ▁of ▁T et ris . ▁ ▁In ▁a ▁ret ros pective ▁review , ▁All game ▁editor ▁Jon ▁Thompson ▁called ▁the ▁Sat urn ▁version ▁" bor ing ". ▁ ▁Sequ el ▁ ▁is ▁an ▁arc ade ▁game ▁released ▁by ▁J al ec o ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 7 . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁only ▁sequ el ▁to ▁T et ris ▁Plus . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 6 ▁video ▁games ▁Category : Arc ade ▁games ▁Category : Blue ▁Plan et ▁Software ▁games ▁Category : Game ▁Boy ▁games ▁Category : J al ec o ▁games ▁Category : Play Station ▁( console ) ▁games ▁Category : S ega ▁Sat urn ▁games ▁Category : C anc elled ▁Nintendo ▁ 6 4 ▁games ▁Category : T et ris ▁Category : Video ▁games ▁developed ▁in ▁Japan ▁Category : Video ▁games ▁scored ▁by ▁I ku ▁M iz ut ani <0x0A> </s> ▁Sch le pp i ▁Run ▁is ▁a ▁t ribut ary ▁of ▁the ▁Rock y ▁F ork ▁Creek ▁that ▁flows ▁through ▁Franklin ▁County , ▁Ohio . ▁The ▁United ▁States ▁Ge ological ▁Survey ’ s ▁Ge ographic ▁Names ▁Information ▁System ▁( GN IS ) ▁class ifies ▁Sch le pp i ▁Run ▁as ▁a ▁stream ▁with ▁an ▁identification ▁number ▁of ▁ 2 7 0 4 5 1 1 . ▁ ▁The ▁feature ▁name ▁was ▁entered ▁into ▁the ▁G N IS ▁system ▁in ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 1 . ▁ ▁Rec reation ▁ ▁Sch le pp i |
▁Run ▁tr an sect s ▁the ▁Rock y ▁F ork ▁Metro ▁Park ; ▁a ▁met ropolitan ▁park ▁under ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁the ▁Columb us ▁and ▁Franklin ▁County ▁Met ropolitan ▁Park ▁District ▁( Met ro ▁Park s ). ▁The ▁park ▁is ▁being ▁developed ▁by ▁Metro ▁Park s ▁on ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 , 0 0 0 ▁acres ▁north ▁of ▁Wal nut ▁Street ▁between ▁Sch ott ▁and ▁B evel hy mer ▁roads . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁New ▁Alb any , ▁Ohio ▁ ▁Metro ▁Park s ▁( Col umb us , ▁Ohio ) ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁Ohio ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁New ▁Alb any , ▁Ohio ▁ ▁Metro ▁Park s ▁( Col umb us , ▁Ohio ) ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Ohio ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Franklin ▁County , ▁Ohio <0x0A> </s> ▁Joseph ▁Mor van ▁( M oust oir - Ac , ▁ 3 ▁December ▁ 1 9 2 4 ▁– ▁Col po , ▁ 2 6 ▁July ▁ 1 9 9 9 ) ▁was ▁a ▁French ▁professional ▁road ▁bicy cle ▁rac er . ▁Mor van ▁had ▁his ▁most ▁successful ▁year ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁when ▁he ▁won ▁Paris – B our ges ▁and ▁stage ▁in ▁the ▁Tour ▁de ▁France . ▁ ▁Major ▁results ▁▁ 1 9 4 9 ▁Man che - O cé an ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁Man che - O cé an ▁Qu imper ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁Man che - O cé an ▁Com fort - Me |
ill ant ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁Le ▁B ono ▁Paris – B our ges ▁Pl on é our - La vern ▁Pont iv y ▁Vit ré ▁Tour ▁de ▁France : ▁W inner ▁stage ▁ 5 ▁Man che - O cé an ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁E to ile ▁du ▁Lé on ▁Tr éd ion ▁Man che - O cé an ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁Aub us son ▁L angu id ic ▁Pont - l ' A bb é ▁Man che - O cé an ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁Hen ne b ont ▁Circ uit ▁du ▁Cher ▁ 1 9 6 1 ▁Ch âte aul in ▁Bou cles ▁de ▁l ' A ul ne ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Official ▁Tour ▁de ▁France ▁results ▁for ▁Joseph ▁Mor van ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 2 4 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 9 9 ▁deaths ▁Category : S ports people ▁from ▁Mor b ih an ▁Category : F rench ▁male ▁cycl ists ▁Category : F rench ▁Tour ▁de ▁France ▁stage ▁winners ▁Category : T our ▁de ▁France ▁cycl ists <0x0A> </s> ▁Union ▁Bank ▁of ▁Taiwan ▁( UB OT ; ▁) ▁is ▁a ▁bank ▁in ▁Taiwan . ▁It ▁is ▁head qu arter ed ▁in ▁Tai pe i ▁and ▁em plo ys ▁ 3 , 6 2 8 ▁people . ▁ ▁For bes ▁states ▁that ▁Union ▁Bank ▁of ▁Taiwan ▁is ▁a ▁" medium - size ▁l ender ", ▁and ▁is ▁controlled ▁by ▁its ▁founder , ▁the ▁billion aire ▁Lin ▁R ong - San |
. ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁prepar atory ▁office ▁for ▁the ▁bank ▁was ▁set ▁up ▁on ▁ 2 9 ▁March ▁ 1 9 8 9 ▁and ▁the ▁bank ▁comm enced ▁its ▁business ▁on ▁ 2 1 ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 2 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Taiwan ▁Category : B anks ▁of ▁Taiwan <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 6 6 th ▁Ohio ▁Vol unte er ▁Infan try ▁Regiment ▁( or ▁ 6 6 th ▁O VI ) ▁was ▁an ▁inf antry ▁reg iment ▁in ▁the ▁Union ▁Army ▁during ▁the ▁American ▁Civil ▁War . ▁ ▁Service ▁The ▁ 6 6 th ▁Ohio ▁Infan try ▁was ▁organized ▁at ▁Camp ▁Mc Ar thur ▁in ▁U rb ana , ▁Ohio ▁and ▁must ered ▁in ▁for ▁three ▁years ▁service ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 8 6 1 , ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of ▁Colonel ▁Charles ▁C andy . ▁ ▁The ▁reg iment ▁was ▁attached ▁to ▁ 3 rd ▁Brigade , ▁Land ers ' ▁Division , ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁Pot om ac , ▁to ▁March ▁ 1 8 6 2 . ▁ 2 nd ▁Brigade , ▁Sh ield s ' ▁ 2 nd ▁Division , ▁B anks ' ▁V ▁Corps ▁and ▁Department ▁of ▁the ▁S hen ando ah , ▁to ▁May ▁ 1 8 6 2 . ▁ 2 nd ▁Brigade , ▁Sh ield s ' ▁Division , ▁Department ▁of ▁the ▁R app ah ann ock , ▁to ▁June ▁ 1 8 6 2 . ▁ 2 nd ▁Brigade , |
▁ 1 st ▁Division , ▁II ▁Corps , ▁Army ▁of ▁Virginia , ▁to ▁August ▁ 1 8 6 2 . ▁ 1 st ▁Brigade , ▁ 2 nd ▁Division , ▁II ▁Corps , ▁Army ▁of ▁Virginia , ▁to ▁September ▁ 1 8 6 2 . ▁ 1 st ▁Brigade , ▁ 2 nd ▁Division , ▁XII ▁Corps , ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁Pot om ac , ▁to ▁October ▁ 1 8 6 3 , ▁and ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁C umber land ▁to ▁April ▁ 1 8 6 4 . ▁ 1 st ▁Brigade , ▁ 2 nd ▁Division , ▁XX ▁Corps , ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁C umber land , ▁to ▁July ▁ 1 8 6 5 . ▁ ▁The ▁ 6 6 th ▁Ohio ▁Infan try ▁must ered ▁out ▁of ▁service ▁at ▁Louis ville , ▁Kentucky , ▁on ▁July ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 8 6 5 . ▁ ▁Det ailed ▁service ▁Order ed ▁to ▁New ▁Creek , ▁Va ., ▁January ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 8 6 2 . ▁Adv ance ▁toward ▁Win chester , ▁Va ., ▁March ▁ 7 – 1 5 , ▁ 1 8 6 2 . ▁Prov ost ▁duty ▁at ▁Mart ins burg , ▁Win chester , ▁and ▁Str as burg ▁until ▁May . ▁March ▁to ▁Frederick sburg , ▁Va ., ▁May ▁ 1 2 – 2 1 , ▁and ▁to ▁Port ▁Republic ▁May ▁ 2 5 - J une ▁ 7 . ▁Battle ▁of ▁Port ▁Republic ▁June ▁ 9 . ▁Order ed ▁to ▁Alexand ria ▁and |
▁duty ▁there ▁until ▁August . ▁Operations ▁near ▁C ed ar ▁Mountain ▁August ▁ 1 0 – 1 8 . ▁Pope ' s ▁Campaign ▁in ▁northern ▁Virginia ▁August ▁ 1 8 - Se ptember ▁ 2 . ▁Guard ing ▁trains ▁of ▁the ▁army ▁during ▁the ▁battles ▁of ▁Bull ▁Run ▁August ▁ 2 8 – 3 0 . ▁Maryland ▁Campaign ▁September ▁ 6 – 2 2 . ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ant iet am ▁September ▁ 1 6 – 1 7 . ▁D uty ▁at ▁Bol iv ar ▁He ights ▁until ▁December . ▁Re con naissance ▁to ▁R ip pon , ▁Va ., ▁November ▁ 9 . ▁Re con naissance ▁to ▁Win chester ▁December ▁ 2 – 6 . ▁Ber ry ville ▁December ▁ 1 . ▁Dum f ries ▁December ▁ 2 7 . ▁" M ud ▁March " ▁January ▁ 2 0 – 2 4 , ▁ 1 8 6 3 . ▁At ▁Staff ord ▁Court ▁House ▁until ▁April ▁ 2 7 . ▁Ch ancell ors ville ▁Campaign ▁April ▁ 2 7 - May ▁ 6 . ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ch ancell ors ville ▁May ▁ 1 – 5 . ▁Get t ys burg ▁Campaign ▁June ▁ 1 1 - J uly ▁ 2 4 . ▁Battle ▁of ▁Get t ys burg ▁July ▁ 1 – 3 . ▁P urs uit ▁of ▁Lee ▁to ▁Man ass as ▁G ap , ▁Va ., ▁July ▁ 5 – 2 4 . ▁D uty ▁at ▁New ▁York ▁during ▁draft ▁disturb ances ▁August ▁ 1 5 - Se ptember ▁ 8 |
. ▁Movement ▁to ▁Bridge port , ▁Al a ., ▁September ▁ 2 4 - Oct ober ▁ 3 . ▁Sk irm ish ▁at ▁G arr ison ' s ▁Creek ▁near ▁F ost erv ille ▁October ▁ 6 ▁( det achment ). ▁Re op ening ▁Tennessee ▁River ▁October ▁ 2 6 – 2 9 . ▁Ch att ano oga - R ing gold ▁Campaign ▁November ▁ 2 3 – 2 7 . ▁Look out ▁Mountain ▁November ▁ 2 3 – 2 4 . ▁Mission ary ▁Ridge ▁November ▁ 2 5 . ▁Ring gold ▁G ap , ▁Taylor ' s ▁Ridge , ▁November ▁ 2 7 . ▁Regiment ▁re en listed ▁December ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 8 6 3 . ▁D uty ▁at ▁Bridge port ▁and ▁in ▁Alabama ▁until ▁May ▁ 1 8 6 4 . ▁Sc out ▁to ▁Cap ert on ' s ▁F erry ▁March ▁ 2 9 - Apr il ▁ 2 . ▁Ex ped ition ▁from ▁Bridge port ▁down ▁Tennessee ▁River ▁to ▁Tri ana ▁April ▁ 1 2 – 1 6 . ▁Atlanta ▁Campaign ▁May ▁ 1 - Se ptember ▁ 8 . ▁Dem on str ations ▁on ▁Rock y ▁F aced ▁Ridge ▁May ▁ 8 – 1 1 . ▁D ug ▁G ap ▁or ▁Mill ▁Creek ▁May ▁ 8 . ▁Battle ▁of ▁Res aca ▁May ▁ 1 4 – 1 5 . ▁Cass ville ▁May ▁ 1 9 . ▁New ▁Hope ▁Church ▁May ▁ 2 5 . ▁Operations ▁on ▁line ▁of ▁P ump kin ▁V ine ▁Creek ▁and |
▁battles ▁about ▁Dallas , ▁New ▁Hope ▁Church , ▁and ▁All ato ona ▁Hills ▁May ▁ 2 5 - J une ▁ 5 . ▁Operations ▁about ▁Mar iet ta ▁and ▁against ▁Kenn es aw ▁Mountain ▁June ▁ 1 0 - J uly ▁ 2 . ▁P ine ▁Hill ▁June ▁ 1 1 – 1 4 . ▁Lost ▁Mountain ▁June ▁ 1 5 – 1 7 . ▁Gil gal ▁or ▁Gol g oth a ▁Church ▁June ▁ 1 5 . ▁M ud dy ▁Creek ▁June ▁ 1 7 . ▁N oy es ▁Creek ▁June ▁ 1 9 . ▁Kol b ' s ▁Farm ▁June ▁ 2 2 . ▁Ass ault ▁on ▁Kenn es aw ▁June ▁ 2 7 . ▁R uff ' s ▁Station ▁July ▁ 4 . ▁Ch att ahoo chie ▁River ▁July ▁ 5 – 1 7 . ▁Pe acht ree ▁Creek ▁July ▁ 1 9 – 2 0 . ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Atlanta ▁July ▁ 2 2 - Aug ust ▁ 2 5 . ▁Operations ▁at ▁Ch att ahoo chie ▁River ▁Bridge ▁August ▁ 2 6 - Se ptember ▁ 2 . ▁Occ up ation ▁of ▁Atlanta ▁September ▁ 2 - N ovember ▁ 1 5 . ▁Near ▁Atlanta ▁November ▁ 9 . ▁March ▁to ▁the ▁sea ▁November ▁ 1 5 - De cember ▁ 1 0 . ▁Sie ge ▁of ▁Sav ann ah ▁December ▁ 1 0 – 2 1 . ▁Campaign ▁of ▁the ▁Carol inas ▁January ▁to ▁April ▁ 1 8 6 5 . ▁Little ▁C oh ora ▁Creek , |
▁N . C ., ▁March ▁ 1 6 . ▁Battle ▁of ▁Bent on ville ▁March ▁ 1 9 – 2 1 . ▁Occ up ation ▁of ▁G olds bor o ▁March ▁ 2 4 . ▁Adv ance ▁on ▁R ale igh ▁April ▁ 1 0 – 1 4 . ▁Occ up ation ▁of ▁R ale igh ▁April ▁ 1 4 . ▁Bennett ' s ▁House ▁April ▁ 2 6 . ▁Sur render ▁of ▁John ston ▁and ▁his ▁army . ▁March ▁to ▁Washington , ▁D . C ., ▁via ▁Richmond , ▁Va ., ▁April ▁ 2 9 - May ▁ 2 0 . ▁Grand ▁Review ▁of ▁the ▁Arm ies ▁May ▁ 2 4 . ▁M oved ▁to ▁Louis ville , ▁Ky ., ▁June . ▁ ▁Cas ual ties ▁The ▁reg iment ▁lost ▁a ▁total ▁of ▁ 2 4 5 ▁men ▁during ▁service ; ▁ 5 ▁officers ▁and ▁ 9 6 ▁en listed ▁men ▁killed ▁or ▁mort ally ▁wounded , ▁ 1 ▁officer ▁and ▁ 1 4 3 ▁en listed ▁men ▁died ▁of ▁disease . ▁ ▁Command ers ▁ ▁Colonel ▁Charles ▁C andy ▁ ▁Lieutenant ▁Colonel ▁Eug ene ▁Pow ell ▁- ▁commanded ▁at ▁the ▁battles ▁of ▁Ant iet am ▁( where ▁he ▁was ▁wounded ), ▁Ch ancell ors ville , ▁Get t ys burg , ▁et ▁al . ▁ ▁Not able ▁members ▁ ▁Private ▁William ▁Wallace ▁Cr an ston , ▁Company ▁A ▁- ▁Medal ▁of ▁Honor ▁recipient ▁for ▁action ▁at ▁the ▁battle ▁of ▁Ch ancell ors ville ; ▁later ▁promoted ▁to ▁captain ▁ ▁Sergeant ▁Henry |
▁H eller , ▁Company ▁A ▁- ▁Medal ▁of ▁Honor ▁recipient ▁for ▁action ▁at ▁the ▁battle ▁of ▁Ch ancell ors ville ▁ ▁Private ▁El isha ▁B . ▁Se aman , ▁Company ▁A ▁- ▁Medal ▁of ▁Honor ▁recipient ▁for ▁action ▁at ▁the ▁battle ▁of ▁Ch ancell ors ville ▁ ▁Sergeant ▁Thomas ▁Thompson , ▁Company ▁A ▁- ▁Medal ▁of ▁Honor ▁recipient ▁for ▁action ▁at ▁the ▁battle ▁of ▁Ch ancell ors ville ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁List ▁of ▁Ohio ▁Civil ▁War ▁units ▁ ▁Ohio ▁in ▁the ▁Civil ▁War ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁D yer , ▁Frederick ▁H . ▁A ▁Com pend ium ▁of ▁the ▁War ▁of ▁the ▁Reb ell ion ▁( Des ▁Mo ines , ▁I A : ▁ ▁D yer ▁Pub . ▁Co .), ▁ 1 9 0 8 . ▁ ▁Di aries ▁of ▁P vt . ▁John ▁W . ▁H out z , ▁ 6 6 th ▁Ohio ▁Vol unte er ▁Infan try , ▁ 1 8 6 3 - 1 8 6 4 ▁( H omer , ▁NY : ▁ ▁R . ▁T . ▁Penn oy er ), ▁ 1 9 8 8 - 1 9 9 4 . ▁ ▁Ohio ▁R oster ▁Commission . ▁Official ▁R oster ▁of ▁the ▁Sold iers ▁of ▁the ▁State ▁of ▁Ohio ▁in ▁the ▁War ▁on ▁the ▁Reb ell ion , ▁ 1 8 6 1 – 1 8 6 5 , ▁Comp iled ▁Under ▁the ▁D irection ▁of ▁the ▁R oster ▁Commission ▁( A k ron , ▁O H : ▁Wer ner ▁Co .), ▁ 1 8 8 |
6 - 1 8 9 5 . ▁ ▁Re id , ▁Wh itel aw . ▁Ohio ▁in ▁the ▁War : ▁Her ▁States men , ▁Her ▁Gener als , ▁and ▁Sold iers ▁( C inc inn ati , ▁O H : ▁Moore , ▁Wil st ach , ▁& ▁Bald win ), ▁ 1 8 6 8 . ▁▁ ▁Smith , ▁Jos iah ▁D . ▁The ▁Civil ▁War ▁Di ary ▁of ▁Jos iah ▁D . ▁Smith , ▁ 1 8 6 1 – 1 8 6 5 , ▁Federal ▁Army , ▁Company ▁G , ▁ 6 6 th ▁Regiment , ▁Ohio ▁Vol unte er ▁Infan try ▁( Win chester , ▁IN : ▁ ▁Rand olph ▁County ▁Historical ▁Society ), ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁ ▁Th ack ery , ▁David ▁T . ▁A ▁Light ▁and ▁Un c ertain ▁Hold : ▁A ▁History ▁of ▁the ▁Si xt y - S ix th ▁Ohio ▁Vol unte er ▁Infan try '' ▁( K ent , ▁O H : ▁ ▁Kent ▁State ▁University ▁Press ), ▁ 1 9 9 9 . ▁ ▁Att ribut ion ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Ohio ▁in ▁the ▁Civil ▁War : ▁ 6 6 th ▁Ohio ▁Vol unte er ▁Infan try ▁by ▁Larry ▁Stevens ▁ ▁National ▁flag ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 6 th ▁Ohio ▁Infan try ▁ ▁National ▁flag ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 6 th ▁Ohio ▁Infan try ▁ ▁National ▁flag ▁of ▁the ▁ 6 6 th ▁Ohio ▁Infan try ▁( pro bably ▁last ▁issue ) ▁▁ 6 6 th ▁Ohio ▁Infan try |
▁monument ▁at ▁Get t ys burg ▁ ▁Category : Mil itary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 1 ▁Category : Mil itary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 5 ▁Category : Oh io ▁Civil ▁War ▁reg iments ▁Category : 1 8 6 1 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Ohio <0x0A> </s> ▁ Þ ing ey r ak la ust ur ▁was ▁a ▁monaster y ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Saint ▁Bened ict ▁located ▁in ▁ Þ ing ey rar ▁on ▁I cel and ▁from ▁ 1 1 3 3 ▁until ▁ 1 5 5 1 . ▁It ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁convent ▁in ▁I cel and ▁and ▁likely ▁the ▁last ▁to ▁be ▁closed ▁by ▁the ▁I cel and ic ▁Re formation . ▁ ▁History ▁The ▁convent ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁b ishop ▁J ón ▁Ö g mund sson ▁in ▁ 1 1 0 6 , ▁but ▁it ▁was ▁not ▁inaugur ated ▁until ▁ 1 1 3 3 , ▁when ▁its ▁first ▁ab bot , ▁Vil mund ur ▁ Þ ór ól f sson , ▁was ▁officially ▁installed ▁in ▁office . ▁J ón ▁Ö g mund sson ▁assured ▁the ▁monaster y ▁an ▁income ▁from ▁all ▁farms ▁between ▁H r ú ta f j ör ð ur ▁and ▁V at ns d als á . ▁▁ Þ ing ey r ak la ust ur ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁largest ▁and ▁r iche st ▁of ▁the ▁conv ents ▁on ▁I cel and . ▁It ▁was ▁a ▁famous ▁center ▁of ▁literature |
, ▁culture ▁and ▁education , ▁and ▁was ▁known ▁for ▁its ▁library . ▁Ar ng r ím r ▁Brand sson , ▁Karl ▁J ón sson , ▁G unn l au gr ▁Le if sson ▁and ▁O dd r ▁Sn orr ason ▁were ▁all ▁members ▁of ▁the ▁convent ▁and ▁active ▁as ▁writers ▁here , ▁and ▁the ▁writer ▁St yr mer ▁K å ress on ▁is ▁believed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁educated ▁here . ▁A ▁large ▁number ▁of ▁S ag as ▁of ▁I cel and ers ▁were ▁either ▁produced ▁or ▁copied ▁here , ▁and ▁the ▁famous ▁Band am anna ▁s aga , ▁Gre tt is ▁s aga , ▁Hall fre ð ar ▁s aga , ▁He i ð ar ví ga ▁s aga , ▁K orm á ks ▁s aga , ▁and ▁V at ns d æ la ▁s aga ▁are ▁all ▁likely ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁produced ▁here . ▁▁ ▁In ▁ 1 4 0 2 , ▁the ▁Black ▁Death ▁diss olved ▁the ▁convent ▁as ▁only ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁members ▁survived ▁the ▁pl ague , ▁effectively ▁empty ing ▁it . ▁The ▁monaster y ▁therefore ▁ce ased ▁operation , ▁and ▁could ▁not ▁be ▁re est ab lished ▁until ▁ 1 4 2 4 ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁founded ▁again ▁by ▁Á sb j ör n ▁V ig f ú sson ▁as ▁ab bot . ▁▁ ▁During ▁the ▁I cel and ic ▁Re formation , ▁the ▁convent ▁survived ▁longer ▁than ▁arg u ably ▁all ▁other ▁conv ents ▁on ▁I cel and . ▁It ▁was ▁not ▁officially ▁closed ▁until ▁ 1 |
5 5 1 , ▁when ▁the ▁last ▁ab bot ▁Hel gi ▁Hö sk uld sson ▁was ▁formally ▁declared ▁de posed , ▁the ▁convent ▁was ▁banned ▁from ▁accepting ▁nov ices , ▁and ▁the ▁assets ▁of ▁the ▁monaster y ▁declared ▁conf isc ated . ▁The ▁former ▁mon ks , ▁however , ▁were ▁allowed ▁to ▁remain ▁for ▁life ▁if ▁they ▁wished , ▁and ▁it ▁is ▁therefore ▁not ▁known ▁when ▁the ▁ab bey ▁was ▁actually ▁diss olved . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Jan us ▁J ón sson , ▁" U m ▁k la ustr in ▁á ▁Island i . ▁ Þ ing ey r ak la ust ur " ▁i ▁T í mar it ▁h ins ▁ ís len z ka ▁b ó k ment af él ags , ▁ 8 , ▁ 1 8 8 7 . ▁ ▁Category : Christ ian ▁monaster ies ▁established ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 2 th ▁century ▁Category : 1 1 3 3 ▁establish ments ▁in ▁Europe ▁Category : 1 2 th - century ▁establish ments ▁in ▁I cel and ▁Category : Mon aster ies ▁diss olved ▁under ▁the ▁I cel and ic ▁Re formation ▁Category : B ened ict ine ▁monaster ies ▁in ▁I cel and <0x0A> </s> ▁Sh ab o ▁is ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁K ale ▁Township , ▁K ale ▁District , ▁in ▁the ▁S aga ing ▁Region ▁of ▁western ▁Bur ma . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Map land ia ▁World ▁Gaz ette er ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁K ale ▁District ▁Category : |
K ale ▁Township <0x0A> </s> ▁Ant oine - Mart ial ▁Louis ▁Bar iz ain ▁also ▁called ▁Louis ▁Mon rose ▁or ▁Mon rose ▁( 1 8 1 1 – 1 8 8 3 ) ▁was ▁a ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁French ▁actor . ▁The ▁actor ▁Claude ▁Louis ▁Sé raph in ▁Bar iz ain ▁( 1 7 8 3 - 1 8 4 3 ) ▁was ▁his ▁father . ▁The ▁actress ▁M adem ois elle ▁Mon rose ▁was ▁his ▁step ▁sister ▁due ▁to ▁her ▁marriage ▁with ▁his ▁brother , ▁Eug ène ▁( Bar iz ain ). ▁ ▁He ▁was ▁appointed ▁a ▁professor ▁at ▁the ▁Conserv atory ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 7 . ▁He ▁was ▁Lu ci en ▁Gu it ry ' s ▁first ▁drama ▁teacher ▁and ▁also ▁taught ▁the ▁comed ian ▁Luc ie ▁Man vel . ▁ ▁Theatre ▁ ▁Career ▁at ▁the ▁Com éd ie - Fr anç aise ▁▁ ▁Ad mission ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 3 ▁ ▁App oint ed ▁ 2 7 5 th ▁soci éta ire ▁in ▁ 1 8 5 2 ▁ ▁Leave ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 9 ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Base ▁document aire ▁La ▁Gr ange ▁on ▁the ▁site ▁of ▁the ▁Com éd ie - Fr anç aise ▁ ▁Category : S oci éta ires ▁of ▁the ▁Com éd ie - Fr anç aise ▁Category : 1 9 th - century ▁French ▁male ▁actors ▁Category : F rench ▁male ▁stage ▁actors ▁Category : Dr ama ▁teachers ▁Category : 1 8 1 1 ▁birth |
s ▁Category : 1 8 8 3 ▁deaths <0x0A> </s> ▁A nex od us ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁long horn ▁be et les ▁of ▁the ▁sub family ▁L ami ina e , ▁containing ▁the ▁following ▁species : ▁▁ ▁A nex od us ▁aqu il us ▁Pas co e , ▁ 1 8 8 6 ▁ ▁A nex od us ▁sar aw ak ensis ▁Sud re , ▁ 1 9 9 7 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : M or im ops ini <0x0A> </s> ▁Th ir ik at uk am ▁( T amil : ▁ த ி ர ி க ட ு க ம ் ) ▁is ▁a ▁T amil ▁poet ic ▁work ▁of ▁did actic ▁nature ▁belonging ▁to ▁the ▁Eight een ▁Lesser ▁Text s ▁( Path inen kil kan ak ku ) ▁anth ology ▁of ▁T amil ▁literature . ▁This ▁belongs ▁to ▁the ▁' post ▁S ang am ▁period ' ▁corresponding ▁to ▁between ▁ 1 0 0 ▁and ▁ 5 0 0 ▁CE . ▁Th ir ik at uk am ▁contains ▁ 1 0 0 ▁poems ▁written ▁by ▁the ▁poet ▁N all ath ana ar . ▁The ▁poems ▁of ▁Th ir ik at uk am ▁are ▁written ▁in ▁the ▁Ven pa ▁meter . ▁ ▁Th ir ik at uk am ▁uses ▁the ▁anal ogy ▁of ▁the ▁traditional ▁her bal ▁medicine , ▁which ▁uses ▁the ▁three ▁her bs ▁su k ku ▁( d ried ▁g inger ), ▁mil aku ▁( pe p per ) ▁and ▁th ipp ili ▁( Long ▁pepper ) ▁to |
▁cure ▁mal ad ies ▁of ▁the ▁stomach . ▁Th ir ik at ug am ▁similarly ▁uses ▁three ▁different ▁max ims ▁to ▁illustr ate ▁correct ▁behaviour . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁M ud ali yar , ▁Sing ar avel u ▁A ., ▁Ap ith ana ▁C int am ani , ▁An ▁enc ycl op a edia ▁of ▁T amil ▁Liter ature , ▁( 1 9 3 1 ) ▁- ▁Rep r inted ▁by ▁Asian ▁Educ ational ▁Services , ▁New ▁Delhi ▁( 1 9 8 3 ) ▁ ▁http :// www . t amil n ation . org / liter ature / ▁▁ ▁http :// www . t amil n ation . org / liter ature / path inen / pm 0 0 4 8 . pdf ▁Th ir ik at uk am ▁e Text ▁at ▁Project ▁mad ur ai ▁ ▁Category : S ang am ▁literature <0x0A> </s> ▁Ry ans ▁Run ▁is ▁a ▁pop ulated ▁place ▁in ▁Kent ▁County , ▁Del aware , ▁United ▁States . ▁ ▁The ▁name ▁was ▁collected ▁from ▁A DC ▁Map ' s ▁Kent ▁County , ▁Del aware ▁Street ▁Map ▁Book ▁and ▁entered ▁into ▁the ▁Ge ographic ▁Names ▁Information ▁System ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Che sw old , ▁Del aware ▁Le ips ic , ▁Del aware ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Kent ▁County , ▁Del aware <0x0A> </s> ▁Cl ém ence ▁Gu ich ard ▁( born ▁ 3 0 ▁October ▁ 1 9 8 |
2 ), ▁known ▁profession ally ▁as ▁Cl ém ence ▁Po és y ▁( ), ▁is ▁a ▁French ▁actress ▁and ▁fashion ▁model . ▁After ▁starting ▁on ▁the ▁stage ▁as ▁a ▁child , ▁Po és y ▁studied ▁drama ▁and ▁has ▁been ▁active ▁in ▁both ▁film ▁and ▁television ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁including ▁some ▁English - language ▁produ ctions . ▁She ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁the ▁roles ▁of ▁Fle ur ▁Del ac our ▁in ▁the ▁Harry ▁Pot ter ▁film ▁series , ▁Ch lo ë ▁in ▁In ▁Bru ges , ▁R ana ▁in ▁ 1 2 7 ▁H ours , ▁and ▁Nat asha ▁R ost ova ▁in ▁War ▁and ▁Peace . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁ ▁Born ▁in ▁L ' Ha ÿ - les - R oses , ▁a ▁southern ▁sub urb ▁of ▁Paris , ▁she ▁is ▁the ▁daughter ▁of ▁actor - writer ▁Ét ienne ▁Gu ich ard ▁and ▁a ▁French ▁teacher . ▁Po és y ▁took ▁her ▁mother ' s ▁maid en ▁name ▁as ▁her ▁stage ▁name . ▁She ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁an ▁alternative ▁school ▁in ▁Me ud on . ▁ ▁Her ▁father ▁gave ▁Po és y ▁her ▁first ▁acting ▁job ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁a ▁child ; ▁then ▁she ▁had ▁two ▁lines ▁at ▁age ▁ 1 4 . ▁She ▁has ▁a ▁younger ▁sister , ▁Ma ë lle ▁Po és y - Gu ich ard , ▁who ▁is ▁also ▁an ▁actress . ▁ ▁Act ing ▁career ▁After ▁leaving ▁La ▁Source , ▁the ▁b iling ual , ▁alternative ▁school ▁she ▁attended ▁until ▁the ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 |
6 , ▁Po és y ▁studied ▁drama ▁at ▁the ▁Conserv ato ire ▁National ▁Sup érieur ▁d ' Art ▁Dr am atique ▁( C NS AD , ▁the ▁French ▁National ▁Academy ▁of ▁Dr am atic ▁Arts ), ▁the ▁At el ier ▁International ▁de ▁Bl anche ▁Sal ant ▁et ▁Paul ▁We aver , ▁and ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁N anter re . ▁ ▁Her ▁first ▁English - spe aking ▁role ▁was ▁in ▁the ▁BBC ▁mini - series ▁Gun pow der , ▁Tre ason ▁& ▁Plot ▁( 2 0 0 4 ), ▁in ▁which ▁she ▁port rayed ▁Mary , ▁Queen ▁of ▁Sc ots , ▁subsequently ▁winning ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁Golden ▁F IP A ▁for ▁actress ▁in ▁a ▁TV ▁Series ▁and ▁Serial . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 5 , ▁Po és y ▁appeared ▁in ▁the ▁Harry ▁Pot ter ▁franchise ▁as ▁Fle ur ▁Del ac our ▁in ▁The ▁G ob let ▁of ▁Fire . ▁Between ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁and ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁she ▁worked ▁in ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁film ▁and ▁television ▁produ ctions , ▁including ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 7 ▁mini - series ▁War ▁and ▁Peace . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Po és y ▁star red ▁in ▁the ▁Academy ▁Award - nom inated ▁film ▁In ▁Bru ges , ▁alongside ▁Colin ▁Far rell , ▁and ▁Harry ▁Pot ter ▁co - st ars ▁Ralph ▁F ien nes ▁and ▁Brend an ▁Gle es on . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Po és y ▁appeared ▁in |
▁Heart less ▁opposite ▁Jim ▁St urg ess . ▁She ▁re pr ised ▁her ▁role ▁as ▁Fle ur ▁Del ac our ▁in ▁both ▁Harry ▁Pot ter ▁and ▁the ▁Death ly ▁Hall ows ▁movies . ▁She ▁played ▁Chuck ▁Bass ' s ▁new ▁French ▁girlfriend , ▁Eva , ▁in ▁the ▁fourth ▁season ▁of ▁the ▁C W ▁hit ▁show ▁G ossip ▁Girl . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁Po és y ▁appeared ▁alongside ▁James ▁Franco ▁in ▁ 1 2 7 ▁H ours , ▁directed ▁by ▁Danny ▁Boy le . ▁ 1 2 7 ▁H ours ▁was ▁screen ed ▁at ▁the ▁Toronto ▁International ▁Film ▁Festival ▁on ▁ 1 2 ▁September ▁ 2 0 1 0 , ▁following ▁its ▁premi ere ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁Tell ur ide ▁Film ▁Festival . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁she ▁appeared ▁alongside ▁Ru pert ▁Friend ▁in ▁L ull aby ▁for ▁Pi , ▁a ▁romantic ▁drama ▁and ▁Ben o it ▁Philip pon ' s ▁director ial ▁debut . ▁The ▁film ▁is ▁about ▁a ▁jazz ▁singer ▁( Friend ) ▁whose ▁wife ▁has ▁just ▁died ▁and ▁who ▁meets ▁a ▁mysterious ▁woman ▁( Po és y ). ▁Forest ▁Whit aker ▁also ▁star red . ▁She ▁can ▁be ▁heard ▁singing ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Col our ▁of ▁the ▁T rap ▁by ▁Miles ▁K ane . ▁She ▁is ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁track ▁" H appen stance ". ▁ ▁She ▁worked ▁alongside ▁Michael ▁C aine ▁in ▁Mr . ▁Morgan ' s ▁Last ▁Love , ▁and ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 |
▁made ▁her ▁Broadway ▁debut ▁in ▁Cyr ano ▁de ▁Ber ger ac ▁as ▁R ox ane . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁Po és y ▁was ▁the ▁female ▁lead ▁in ▁the ▁Sky ▁Atlantic / Can al + ▁series ▁The ▁T unnel . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 9 , ▁she ▁played ▁the ▁part ▁of ▁Y el ena ▁in ▁Che kh ov ’ s ▁Uncle ▁V anya ▁at ▁the ▁Theatre ▁Royal ▁in ▁Bath . ▁ ▁Model ing ▁career ▁Po és y ▁has ▁been ▁featured ▁in ▁numerous ▁magazines , ▁including ▁the ▁covers ▁of ▁i - D , ▁on ▁French ▁magazine ▁J al ouse ▁twice , ▁on ▁Australia ' s ▁Y en , ▁and ▁on ▁N ylon . ▁Since ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Po és y ▁has ▁been ▁one ▁of ▁three ▁spokes models ▁for ▁the ▁self - t itled ▁frag r ance ▁by ▁Ch lo é , ▁and ▁has ▁mod elled ▁in ▁G ap ' s ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁autumn ▁advertising ▁campaign . ▁ ▁In ▁December ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Po és y ▁was ▁chosen ▁as ▁the ▁face ▁of ▁G - Star ▁Raw . ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁she ▁became ▁the ▁poster ▁girl ▁for ▁the ▁Love ▁Story ▁frag r ance ▁from ▁Ch lo é . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁Po és y ▁is ▁fl uent ▁in ▁French ▁and ▁English , ▁and ▁speaks ▁some ▁Italian ▁and ▁Spanish . ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁ 2 0 1 7 , ▁she ▁gave ▁birth ▁to ▁a ▁son , ▁L iam |
. ▁ ▁Film ography ▁ ▁Film ▁ ▁Television ▁ ▁Theatre ▁ ▁Dec or ations ▁ ▁Che val ier ▁of ▁the ▁Order ▁of ▁Arts ▁and ▁Let ters ▁( 2 0 1 5 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : F rench ▁female ▁models ▁Category : F rench ▁film ▁actress es ▁Category : F rench ▁television ▁actress es ▁Category : F rench ▁stage ▁actress es ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁L ' Ha ÿ - les - R oses ▁Category : 2 0 th - century ▁French ▁actress es ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁French ▁actress es ▁Category : Che val iers ▁of ▁the ▁Ord re ▁des ▁Arts ▁et ▁des ▁L ett res <0x0A> </s> ▁M aude ▁C . ▁Dav ison ▁( 2 7 ▁March ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁– ▁ 1 1 ▁June ▁ 1 9 5 6 ) ▁was ▁a ▁Canadian - born , ▁American ▁nurse . ▁After ▁a ▁career ▁in ▁Canada , ▁she ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁She ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁Chief ▁Nur se ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Nur se ▁Corps ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines ▁during ▁World ▁War II . ▁She ▁received ▁numerous ▁awards ▁for ▁her ▁military ▁service ▁in ▁b orth ▁World ▁War I ▁and ▁World ▁War II . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁she ▁post hum ously ▁was ▁granted ▁a ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Service ▁Medal ▁for ▁her ▁leadership ▁of ▁the ▁Ang els ▁of ▁B ata |
an , ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁largest ▁group ▁of ▁American ▁military ▁women ▁taken ▁as ▁Pr ison ers ▁of ▁War . ▁ ▁Early ▁life ▁M aude ▁Campbell ▁was ▁born ▁on ▁ 2 7 ▁March ▁ 1 8 8 5 ▁in ▁C anning ton , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada ▁to ▁Jan et ▁( or ▁Je ann ette ) ▁Campbell . ▁In ▁ 1 8 9 4 , ▁her ▁mother , ▁who ▁had ▁immigr ated ▁from ▁Scotland , ▁married ▁Abraham ▁S idd ers . ▁She ▁graduated ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁from ▁the ▁Ontario ▁Agricult ural ▁College ▁with ▁a ▁certificate ▁from ▁the ▁Mac Donald ▁School ▁of ▁Home ▁Econom ics . ▁ ▁Career ▁Campbell ▁began ▁her ▁career ▁as ▁a ▁diet it ian ▁at ▁the ▁Bapt ist ▁College ▁in ▁Br andon , ▁Man it oba . ▁Im migr ating ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁in ▁ 1 9 0 9 , ▁she ▁took ▁employment ▁in ▁South ▁B end , ▁Indiana ▁at ▁the ▁Ep worth ▁Hospital ▁as ▁a ▁diet it ian ▁and ▁instructor ▁in ▁domestic ▁science ▁and ▁remained ▁until ▁ 1 9 1 1 . ▁She ▁returned ▁from ▁Canada ▁in ▁ 1 9 1 4 ▁and ▁entered ▁the ▁Pas ad ena ▁Hospital ▁Training ▁School ▁for ▁N urs es . ▁In ▁ 1 9 1 7 , ▁she ▁graduated ▁having ▁earned ▁her ▁R N ▁design ation . ▁The ▁following ▁year , ▁she ▁joined ▁the ▁Nur se ▁Res erves ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Army ▁Nur se ▁Corps ▁and ▁began ▁working ▁as ▁a ▁staff ▁nurse ▁at ▁the ▁base ▁hospital ▁of ▁Camp ▁F rem ont |
▁in ▁Pal o ▁Al to , ▁California . ▁After ▁serving ▁at ▁Letter man ▁General ▁Hospital , ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁she ▁was ▁sent ▁to ▁Fort ▁Le aven worth , ▁Kansas ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 0 , ▁to ▁take ▁up ▁a ▁post ▁at ▁the ▁hospital ▁for ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Dis cipl inary ▁Barr acks . ▁With ▁this ▁move , ▁she ▁became ▁an ▁American ▁citizen ▁and ▁was ▁transferred ▁as ▁a ▁second ▁lieutenant ▁to ▁the ▁Regular ▁Army ▁of ▁the ▁Nur se ▁Corps . ▁Between ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁and ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁she ▁was ▁deployed ▁to ▁Cob len z , ▁Germany , ▁serving ▁with ▁the ▁All ied ▁Occ up ation ▁Forces ▁assist ing ▁with ▁Russian ▁fam ine ▁refugees , ▁influ enza ▁victims ▁and ▁war ▁casual ties . ▁Return ing ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 4 , ▁she ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁first ▁lieutenant ▁after ▁passing ▁the ▁Chief ▁N urs ing ▁Ex amination . ▁ ▁Dav ison ▁entered ▁Columbia ▁University ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 6 ▁and ▁earned ▁a ▁b achelor ' s ▁degree ▁in ▁home ▁economics ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 8 . ▁Upon ▁completion ▁of ▁her ▁education , ▁she ▁returned ▁to ▁service ▁as ▁a ▁nurse ▁and ▁diet ician ▁at ▁several ▁Army ▁hospitals ▁throughout ▁the ▁US . ▁In ▁ 1 9 3 9 , ▁she ▁was ▁deployed ▁during ▁World ▁War II ▁to ▁Fort ▁M ills ▁Station ▁Hospital ▁on ▁Cor reg id or ▁Island ▁in ▁the ▁Philippines . ▁She ▁was ▁promoted ▁to ▁captain ▁in ▁ 1 9 |
4 1 ▁and ▁placed ▁as ▁chief ▁nurse ▁of ▁the ▁nursing ▁corps ▁of ▁the ▁Philipp ine ▁Department . ▁Most ▁of ▁the ▁nurses ▁in ▁the ▁Far ▁East ▁Command ▁were ▁serving ▁under ▁Dav ison ▁with ▁her ▁second - in - command , ▁Joseph ine ▁N es bit , ▁at ▁S tern berg ▁Hospital ▁on ▁the ▁south ▁side ▁of ▁Man ila ▁Bay . ▁When ▁the ▁Japanese ▁inv aded ▁the ▁Philippines , ▁on ▁ 8 ▁December ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁the ▁day ▁after ▁the ▁bomb ing ▁of ▁Pearl ▁Harbor , ▁Dav ison ▁organized ▁civilian ▁nurses ▁to ▁help ▁with ▁the ▁casual ties , ▁sending ▁five ▁Army ▁nurses ▁and ▁fifteen ▁local ▁Filip ino ▁nurses ▁to ▁the ▁facility ▁at ▁Fort ▁St ots enburg . ▁Within ▁a ▁week ▁the ▁Fort , ▁along ▁with ▁other ▁military ▁facilities , ▁was ▁in ▁ru ins ▁and ▁the ▁nurses ▁were ▁prepared ▁for ▁evac uation ▁back ▁to ▁S tern berg . ▁ ▁Before ▁Christmas , ▁Dav ison ▁was ▁injured ▁in ▁a ▁bomb ing ▁raid ▁and ▁turned ▁command ▁over ▁to ▁N es bit . ▁Between ▁Christmas ▁and ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁Eve ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁all ▁the ▁army ▁nurses ▁were ▁evac uated ▁from ▁Man ila ▁and ▁sent ▁to ▁B ata an . ▁Dav ison ▁left ▁with ▁the ▁last ▁of ▁the ▁American ▁troops ▁for ▁Cor reg id or ▁to ▁coordinate ▁the ▁nursing ▁activities ▁in ▁establishing ▁two ▁j ungle ▁hospitals , ▁known ▁simply ▁as ▁Hospital ▁# 1 ▁and ▁Hospital ▁# 2 . ▁From ▁these ▁field ▁hospitals , ▁the ▁nurses ▁carried ▁out ▁battle field ▁nursing . ▁Sim |
ultane ously , ▁she ▁directed ▁nurses ▁in ▁setting ▁up ▁the ▁hospital ▁where ▁the ▁troops ▁on ▁Cor reg id or ▁had ▁been ▁sent ▁in ▁the ▁Mal inta ▁T unnel . ▁The ▁underground ▁hospital ▁had ▁one ▁central ▁hallway ▁that ▁was ▁one - h undred - y ards ▁long ▁and ▁eight ▁w ards ▁established ▁in ▁later al ▁corrid ors . ▁In ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁as ▁B ata an ▁fell , ▁the ▁nurses , ▁including ▁the ▁Filip ino ▁civ ilians , ▁were ▁evac uated ▁to ▁Cor reg id or ▁and ▁the ▁tunnel ▁hospital . ▁At ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁month , ▁when ▁it ▁became ▁evident ▁that ▁Cor reg id or ▁would ▁also ▁fall , ▁an ▁attempt ▁was ▁made ▁to ▁evac uate ▁some ▁of ▁the ▁nurses . ▁Dav ison ▁and ▁Colonel ▁W ib b ▁Cooper , ▁the ▁ranking ▁medical ▁officer , ▁made ▁the ▁se lections ▁of ▁who ▁would ▁be ▁evac uated . ▁Though ▁Dav ison ▁later ▁said ▁the ▁twenty ▁evac ue es ▁were ▁chosen ▁randomly , ▁the ▁nurses ▁saw ▁through ▁her ▁r use , ▁noting ▁that ▁those ▁who ▁were ▁ill , ▁wounded ▁or ▁fat ig ued ▁or ▁might ▁not ▁with stand ▁the ▁pressure ▁of ▁imprison ment ▁were ▁chosen . ▁ ▁Upon ▁the ▁All ied ▁surrender ▁in ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁Dav ison ▁led ▁her ▁ 6 6 ▁remaining ▁nurses ▁to ▁their ▁capt ivity ▁at ▁Sant o ▁Tom as ▁Intern ment ▁Camp ▁in ▁Man ila . ▁They ▁joined ▁ 1 1 ▁United ▁States ▁Navy ▁Nur se ▁Corps ▁personnel ▁under ▁the ▁command ▁of |
▁Lieutenant ▁Commander ▁Laura ▁C obb , ▁who ▁had ▁sur rend ered ▁to ▁the ▁Japanese ▁the ▁previous ▁January . ▁In ▁September , ▁ten ▁of ▁the ▁nurses ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁April ▁evac uation ▁joined ▁them ▁as ▁their ▁aircraft ▁was ▁damaged ▁while ▁ref uel ing ▁en ▁route ▁to ▁Australia ▁and ▁they ▁were ▁captured . ▁The ▁nurses ▁came ▁to ▁be ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁Ang els ▁of ▁B ata an ▁and ▁were ▁the ▁first ▁and ▁largest ▁group ▁of ▁American ▁military ▁women ▁taken ▁as ▁Pr ison ers ▁of ▁War ▁( PO W s ). ▁K nown ▁as ▁a ▁strict ▁discipl in arian , ▁she ▁required ▁her ▁nurses ▁to ▁follow ▁her ▁rules ▁and ▁army ▁regulations ▁to ▁the ▁letter , ▁despite ▁the ▁fact ▁that ▁they ▁were ▁in ▁a ▁Japanese - run ▁camp . ▁Intern ed ▁as ▁PO W s , ▁she ▁organized ▁the ▁prison ▁camp ▁hospital ▁and ▁continued ▁managing ▁her ▁staff . ▁Cond itions ▁in ▁the ▁camp ▁caused ▁the ▁death ▁of ▁ 3 9 0 ▁of ▁the ▁ 3 , 7 8 5 ▁in mates , ▁but ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁nurses ▁were ▁among ▁the ▁dead . ▁ ▁After ▁three ▁years , ▁on ▁ 3 ▁February ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁the ▁camp ▁was ▁liber ated ▁and ▁Dav ison ▁was ▁hospital ized ▁because ▁of ▁her ▁poor ▁health . ▁When ▁the ▁nurses ▁arrived ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁month , ▁Dav ison , ▁who ▁normally ▁we ighed ▁ ▁we ighed ▁only ▁. ▁Her ▁nurses ▁cred ited ▁Dav ison ▁with ▁their ▁survival ▁and ▁though ▁she ▁was |
▁nominated ▁for ▁the ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Service ▁Medal , ▁the ▁War ▁Dec or ations ▁Board ▁denied ▁the ▁honor , ▁based ▁upon ▁a ▁determination ▁that ▁she ▁did ▁not ▁act ▁independently ▁but ▁under ▁the ▁advice ▁of ▁the ▁phys icians ▁and ▁military ▁command ers ▁with ▁whom ▁she ▁served . ▁She ▁was ▁awarded ▁the ▁Leg ion ▁of ▁Mer it ▁and ▁med ically ▁retired ▁on ▁ 3 1 ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁Dav ison ▁married ▁the ▁Re ver end ▁Charles ▁W . ▁Jackson , ▁who ▁had ▁served ▁as ▁de an ▁of ▁Long ▁Beach ▁City ▁College . ▁The ▁two ▁had ▁met ▁many ▁years ▁earlier ▁when ▁she ▁was ▁working ▁at ▁the ▁Bapt ist ▁College ▁and ▁she ▁had ▁rent ed ▁a ▁room ▁from ▁his ▁family , ▁which ▁had ▁immigr ated ▁to ▁the ▁United ▁States , ▁during ▁her ▁nursing ▁studies ▁in ▁Pas ad ena , ▁California . ▁Jackson , ▁a ▁wid ower , ▁had ▁two ▁grown ▁sons ▁from ▁a ▁prior ▁marriage ▁who ▁found ▁" D avy ", ▁as ▁they ▁called ▁Dav ison , ▁distant ▁and ▁formal . ▁After ▁her ▁marriage , ▁she ▁rarely ▁had ▁contact ▁with ▁her ▁former ▁staff , ▁but ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁she ▁participated ▁in ▁a ▁Veter ans ▁Day ▁par ade ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles , ▁where ▁she ▁received ▁a ▁special ▁c itation ▁of ▁mer it . ▁ ▁Death ▁and ▁legacy ▁Jackson ▁died ▁on ▁ 1 1 ▁June ▁ 1 9 5 6 ▁at ▁the ▁Veter ans ▁Hospital ▁in ▁Long ▁Beach , ▁California ▁following ▁a ▁length y ▁illness |
. ▁She ▁was ▁buried ▁near ▁her ▁mother ▁in ▁the ▁C ed ar ▁V ale ▁C emetery , ▁C anning ton , ▁Ontario , ▁Canada . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁she ▁was ▁post hum ously ▁recognized ▁with ▁the ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Service ▁Medal ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁efforts ▁of ▁the ▁surviving ▁" Ang els " ▁such ▁as ▁Brig ad ier ▁General ▁Con nie ▁L . ▁S le w itz ke , ▁Senator ▁Daniel ▁In ou ye , ▁and ▁many ▁others . ▁ ▁Military ▁awards ▁World ▁War ▁I : ▁Army ▁of ▁Occ up ation ▁of ▁Germany ▁Medal ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Vict ory ▁Medal ▁ ▁World ▁War ▁II : ▁American ▁Campaign ▁Medal ▁with ▁the ▁American ▁Theater ▁R ib bon ▁American ▁Defense ▁Service ▁Medal ▁with ▁Foreign ▁Service ▁Cl asp ▁As i atic – P ac ific ▁Campaign ▁Medal ▁with ▁two ▁Bron ze ▁Battle ▁Stars ▁Bron ze ▁Star ▁Medal ▁Dist ingu ished ▁Service ▁Medal ▁Leg ion ▁of ▁Mer it ▁Philipp ine ▁Defense ▁Medal ▁with ▁a ▁Bron ze ▁Service ▁Star ▁Philipp ine ▁Independ ence ▁Medal ▁Philipp ine ▁Liber ation ▁Medal ▁with ▁Bron ze ▁Service ▁Star ▁President ial ▁Unit ▁C itation , ▁with ▁blue ▁rib bon ▁and ▁two ▁Oak ▁Le af ▁Cl usters ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Vict ory ▁Medal ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Cit ations ▁ ▁Bibli ography ▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 8 8 5 ▁birth s ▁Category : 1 9 5 6 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Dur ham ▁Region ▁Category : D iet it ians ▁Category : American ▁nurses ▁Category : American ▁women ▁nurses ▁Category : |
Mil itary ▁nurses ▁Category : F em ale ▁w art ime ▁nurses ▁Category : People ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁I ▁Category : People ▁of ▁World ▁War ▁II ▁Category : Can ad ian ▁nurses <0x0A> </s> ▁Act s ▁is ▁the ▁debut ▁studio ▁album ▁by ▁the ▁American ▁rock ▁band ▁R ND M . ▁ ▁Re ception ▁ ▁Act s ▁received ▁mixed ▁to ▁positive ▁reviews ▁from ▁critics . ▁On ▁Met ac rit ic , ▁the ▁album ▁holds ▁a ▁score ▁of ▁ 6 5 / 1 0 0 ▁based ▁on ▁ 4 ▁reviews , ▁indicating ▁" gener ally ▁favor able ▁reviews ." ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁Modern ▁Times ▁- ▁ 3 : 0 6 ▁Dark ness ▁- ▁ 4 : 1 5 ▁The ▁Dis appe aring ▁On es ▁- ▁ 3 : 0 8 ▁What ▁You ▁Can ' t ▁Control ▁- ▁ 5 : 4 5 ▁H ollow ▁Girl ▁- ▁ 5 : 3 7 ▁Walk ing ▁Through ▁New ▁York ▁- ▁ 4 : 0 4 ▁Look ▁Out ! ▁- ▁ 2 : 5 3 ▁New ▁Tr acks ▁- ▁ 3 : 1 3 ▁Throw ▁You ▁to ▁the ▁Pack ▁- ▁ 1 : 4 1 ▁William sburg ▁- ▁ 4 : 1 4 ▁Let ting ▁Go ▁of ▁Will ▁- ▁ 2 : 3 5 ▁Cher ries ▁in ▁the ▁Snow ▁- ▁ 4 : 3 7 ▁ ▁Person nel ▁Jeff ▁A ment ▁- ▁bass ▁Joseph ▁Arthur ▁- ▁guitar , ▁vocals ▁Richard ▁St u ver ud ▁- ▁drums ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Act s ▁at ▁All mus ic |
▁ ▁Category : 2 0 1 2 ▁debut ▁albums ▁Category : R ND M ▁albums ▁Category : Mon key w rench ▁Records ▁albums <0x0A> </s> ▁De ▁Mag net e , ▁Mag netic is que ▁Corpor ib us , ▁et ▁de ▁Mag no ▁Mag net e ▁Tell ure ▁( On ▁the ▁Mag net ▁and ▁Mag netic ▁Bod ies , ▁and ▁on ▁That ▁Great ▁Mag net ▁the ▁Earth ) ▁is ▁a ▁scientific ▁work ▁published ▁in ▁ 1 6 0 0 ▁by ▁the ▁English ▁physician ▁and ▁scientist ▁William ▁Gilbert ▁and ▁his ▁partner ▁Aaron ▁Dow ling . ▁A ▁highly ▁influential ▁and ▁successful ▁book , ▁it ▁ex ert ed ▁an ▁immediate ▁influence ▁on ▁many ▁contemporary ▁writers , ▁including ▁Francis ▁God win ▁and ▁Mark ▁R id ley . ▁ ▁Cont ents ▁ ▁In ▁his ▁work , ▁Gilbert ▁described ▁many ▁of ▁his ▁experiments ▁with ▁his ▁model ▁Earth ▁called ▁the ▁ter re lla . ▁( Pre viously , ▁it ▁was ▁thought ▁that ▁Pol aris ▁or ▁a ▁large ▁magnetic ▁island ▁at ▁the ▁North ▁P ole ▁attracted ▁the ▁compass ). ▁Gilbert ▁also ▁made ▁the ▁claim ▁that ▁gravity ▁was ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁same ▁force ▁and ▁he ▁believed ▁that ▁this ▁held ▁the ▁Moon ▁in ▁orbit ▁around ▁the ▁Earth . ▁While ▁incorrect ▁by ▁modern ▁standards , ▁this ▁claim ▁was ▁still ▁far ▁closer ▁to ▁what ▁we ▁believe ▁than ▁the ▁ancient ▁Arist ot el ian ▁theory , ▁which ▁held ▁that ▁the ▁heaven ly ▁bodies ▁consist ▁of ▁a ▁special ▁fifth ▁element ▁which ▁naturally ▁moves ▁in ▁circles , ▁while ▁the ▁earth ly ▁elements ▁naturally ▁move ▁down ward . ▁Johannes ▁Ke |
pler ▁accepted ▁Gilbert ' s ▁theory ▁and ▁used ▁it ▁as ▁a ▁working ▁basis ▁for ▁his ▁famous ▁laws ▁of ▁planet ary ▁motion . ▁ ▁In ▁De ▁Mag net e , ▁Gilbert ▁also ▁studied ▁static ▁electricity ▁produced ▁by ▁am ber . ▁A mber ▁is ▁called ▁ele ktr on ▁in ▁Greek , ▁and ▁elect rum ▁in ▁Latin , ▁so ▁Gilbert ▁decided ▁to ▁refer ▁to ▁the ▁phenomenon ▁by ▁the ▁ad ject ive ▁electric us , ▁giving ▁rise ▁to ▁the ▁modern ▁terms ▁" elect ric " ▁and ▁" elect ric ity ". ▁ ▁De ▁Mag net e ▁was ▁influential ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁inher ent ▁interest ▁of ▁its ▁subject ▁matter , ▁but ▁also ▁for ▁the ▁rig orous ▁way ▁in ▁which ▁Gilbert ▁described ▁his ▁experiments ▁and ▁his ▁re jection ▁of ▁ancient ▁theories ▁of ▁magnet ism . ▁ ▁Gilbert ▁nevertheless ▁acknowledged ▁his ▁debt ▁to ▁Peter ▁of ▁Mar ic ourt ▁and ▁incorporated ▁this ▁ 1 3 th - century ▁scientist ' s ▁experiments ▁on ▁magnet ism ▁into ▁his ▁own ▁treat ise . ▁ ▁Although ▁Gilbert ' s ▁thinking ▁was ▁influenced ▁by ▁the ▁myst icism ▁of ▁his ▁time ▁he ▁is ▁regarded ▁as ▁a ▁pione er ▁of ▁experimental ▁science . ▁ ▁Summary ▁ ▁De ▁Mag net e ▁consists ▁of ▁six ▁books . ▁ ▁Book ▁ 1 ▁Historical ▁survey ▁of ▁magnet ism ▁and ▁theory ▁of ▁Earth ' s ▁magnet ism . ▁The ▁load stone ▁in ▁ant iqu ity ▁from ▁Pl ato ▁on wards ▁and ▁the ▁grad ual ▁identification ▁of ▁iron ▁o res . ▁The ▁south ▁pole ▁of ▁a ▁load stone ▁points ▁to ▁the ▁north ▁pole |
▁of ▁the ▁Earth ▁and ▁vice ▁vers a ▁as ▁the ▁ter rest rial ▁globe ▁is ▁magnetic . ▁ ▁Book ▁ 2 ▁▁ ▁Dist inction ▁between ▁electricity ▁and ▁magnet ism . ▁An ▁am ber ▁stick ▁when ▁rubbed ▁affects ▁a ▁rot ating ▁needle ▁made ▁of ▁any ▁type ▁of ▁metal ▁( a ▁vers or ium ) ▁and ▁attract s ▁paper , ▁leaves ▁and ▁even ▁water . ▁But ▁electricity ▁is ▁different ▁from ▁heat ▁and ▁to ▁magnet ism ▁which ▁only ▁attract s ▁iron - b earing ▁materials ▁( he ▁calls ▁it ▁co ition ). ▁He ▁shows ▁the ▁effects ▁of ▁cutting ▁a ▁spher ical ▁load stone ▁( which ▁he ▁calls ▁a ▁ter re lla ) ▁through ▁the ▁pol es ▁and ▁equ ator ▁and ▁the ▁direction ▁of ▁attraction ▁at ▁different ▁points . ▁Magn ets ▁act ▁at ▁a ▁distance ▁but ▁the ▁force ▁has ▁no ▁permanent ▁presence ▁and ▁is ▁not ▁hind ered ▁like ▁light . ▁Material s ▁including ▁gold , ▁silver ▁and ▁diam onds ▁are ▁not ▁affected ▁by ▁magn ets , ▁nor ▁can ▁one ▁produce ▁perpet ual ▁motion . ▁ ▁Book ▁ 3 ▁ ▁The ▁Earth ' s ▁normal ▁magnet ism . ▁He ▁propos es ▁( inc or rect ly ) ▁that ▁the ▁angle ▁of ▁the ▁e cl ipt ic ▁and ▁pre cess ion ▁of ▁the ▁equ in ox es ▁are ▁caused ▁by ▁magnet ism . ▁A ▁load stone ▁cut ▁out ▁of ▁rock ▁and ▁flo ated ▁in ▁water ▁returns ▁to ▁the ▁same ▁direction . ▁Iron ▁heated ▁to ▁white ▁heat ▁and ▁cool ed ▁lying ▁along ▁a ▁mer id ian ▁also ▁acqu ires ▁magnet ism |
. ▁But ▁stro king ▁with ▁other ▁materials ▁fails — he ▁proved ▁this ▁with ▁an ▁experiment ▁with ▁ 7 5 ▁diam onds ▁in ▁front ▁of ▁witnesses . ▁The ▁best ▁way ▁to ▁magnet ize ▁a ▁compass ▁( mag net ized ▁vers or ium ). ▁ ▁Book ▁ 4 ▁▁ ▁Decl ination . ▁The ▁compass ▁does ▁not ▁always ▁point ▁to ▁true ▁north . ▁There ▁is ▁considerable ▁variation . ▁Using ▁the ▁ter re lla ▁he ▁shows ▁that ▁variations ▁in ▁the ▁height ▁of ▁the ▁surface ▁can ▁lead ▁to ▁differences ▁but ▁ins ists ▁that ▁variation ▁is ▁a ▁global ▁issue . ▁In ▁the ▁midst ▁of ▁the ▁ocean ▁or ▁continent ▁there ▁is ▁no ▁variation . ▁He ▁shows ▁how ▁to ▁measure ▁variation ▁and ▁the ▁sources ▁of ▁common ▁errors . ▁ ▁Book ▁ 5 ▁▁ ▁Mag netic ▁dip . ▁The ▁angle ▁of ▁incl ination ▁( d ip ) ▁of ▁a ▁compass ▁to ▁the ▁horizon ▁diff ers ▁according ▁to ▁lat itude . ▁He ▁shows ▁how ▁to ▁construct ▁a ▁dip ▁instrument . ▁At ▁the ▁equ ator ▁it ▁is ▁level ▁and ▁increases ▁towards ▁the ▁pol es ▁as ▁he ▁has ▁shown ▁earlier ▁with ▁his ▁ter re lla . ▁ ▁Book ▁ 6 ▁ ▁Ter rest rial ▁rotation . ▁Her acl ides ▁and ▁others ▁held ▁that ▁the ▁Earth ▁rot ates ▁from ▁west ▁to ▁east ▁and ▁this ▁is ▁supported ▁by ▁Cop ern icus ▁( the ▁" rest orer ▁of ▁astr onomy "), ▁but ▁Arist ot le ▁said ▁otherwise . ▁" If ▁the ▁rot ations ▁of ▁the ▁earth ▁seems ▁head long ▁and ▁not ▁to ▁be ▁permitted ▁by ▁nature ▁because ▁of |
▁its ▁rapid ity , ▁then ▁worse ▁than ▁insane , ▁both ▁as ▁regards ▁itself ▁and ▁the ▁whole ▁universe ▁is ▁the ▁motion ▁of ▁the ▁prim um ▁mobile ." ▁He ▁reject s ▁the ▁idea ▁of ▁a ▁sphere ▁of ▁the ▁fixed ▁stars ▁for ▁which ▁no ▁proof ▁has ▁been ▁offered ▁and ▁leaves ▁aside ▁the ▁question ▁of ▁other ▁movements ▁of ▁the ▁Earth ▁but ▁" inf ers ▁not ▁with ▁mere ▁probability , ▁but ▁with ▁certain ty ▁the ▁di urn al ▁revolution ▁of ▁the ▁earth ." ▁He ▁states ▁that ▁" the ▁cause ▁of ▁the ▁di urn al ▁motion ▁are ▁to ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁the ▁magnetic ▁energy ▁and ▁the ▁alliance ▁of ▁bodies " ▁but ▁offers ▁no ▁further ▁guidance . ▁The ▁incl ination ▁of ▁the ▁Earth ' s ▁pole ▁to ▁the ▁e cl ipt ic ▁produces ▁the ▁seasons . ▁He ▁explains ▁the ▁Pre cess ion ▁of ▁the ▁equ in ox es ▁as ▁the ▁movement ▁of ▁the ▁Earth ' s ▁axis . ▁ ▁In ▁Chapter ▁III , ▁Gilbert ▁arg ues ▁in ▁favor ▁of ▁the ▁Cop ern ican ▁System . ▁He ▁pos its ▁that ▁due ▁to ▁the ▁in ord inate ▁distance ▁of ▁the ▁cel est ial ▁spher es , ▁if ▁in ▁fact ▁the ▁spher es ▁exist ▁at ▁all , ▁it ▁is ▁an ▁absurd ▁idea ▁that ▁they ▁would ▁rot ate ▁every ▁ 2 4 ▁hours , ▁as ▁opposed ▁to ▁the ▁rotation ▁of ▁the ▁relatively ▁tiny ▁sphere ▁of ▁the ▁Earth . ▁He ▁states , ▁" How ▁far ▁away ▁from ▁the ▁earth ▁are ▁those ▁remot est ▁of ▁stars : ▁they ▁are ▁beyond ▁the ▁reach ▁of ▁eye , ▁or |
▁man ' s ▁devices , ▁or ▁man ' s ▁thought . ▁What ▁an ▁absurd ity ▁is ▁this ▁motion ▁( of ▁spher es ) ". ▁He ▁also ▁arg ues ▁for ▁the ▁extreme ▁vari ability ▁of ▁the ▁distance ▁to ▁the ▁various ▁heaven ly ▁bodies ▁and ▁states ▁that ▁situated ▁" in ▁th inn est ▁a ether , ▁or ▁in ▁the ▁most ▁subtle ▁fifth ▁essence , ▁or ▁in ▁vac uity – ▁how ▁shall ▁the ▁stars ▁keep ▁their ▁places ▁in ▁the ▁might y ▁sw irl ▁of ▁these ▁enormous ▁spher es ▁composed ▁of ▁a ▁substance ▁of ▁which ▁no ▁one ▁knows ▁aug ht ?" . ▁ ▁Ed itions ▁ ▁De ▁Mag net e , ▁Peter ▁Short , ▁London , ▁ 1 6 0 0 ▁( 1 st ▁edition , ▁in ▁Latin ) ▁ ▁De ▁Mag net e , ▁Wol fg ang ▁Lock mans , ▁St ett in , ▁ 1 6 2 8 ▁( 2 nd ▁edition , ▁in ▁Latin ) ▁ ▁De ▁Mag net e , ▁ 1 6 3 3 ▁( 3 rd ▁edition , ▁in ▁Latin ) ▁ ▁De ▁Mag net e , ▁ 1 8 9 2 ▁( fac sim ile ▁of ▁ 1 st ▁edition ) ▁ ▁De ▁Mag net e , ▁English ▁translation ▁by ▁Paul ▁Fle ury ▁M ott el ay , ▁ 1 8 9 3 ▁▁▁ ▁also ▁published ▁in ▁Vol ▁ 2 8 ▁of ▁Great ▁Books ▁series ▁by ▁En cycl op æ d ia ▁Brit ann ica , ▁ 1 9 5 2 . ▁▁▁▁ ▁( Fac sim ile ▁of ▁ |
1 9 0 0 ▁Thompson ▁translation ) ▁▁ ▁( Fac sim ile ▁of ▁Peter ▁Short ▁ 1 6 0 0 ▁edition ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Gu il iel mi ▁Gilbert i ▁Col c est ren sis ▁From ▁the ▁Collections ▁at ▁the ▁Library ▁of ▁Congress . ▁ ▁Category : 1 6 0 0 ▁books ▁Category : Ge om ag net ism ▁Category : Phys ics ▁books <0x0A> </s> ▁The ▁ 7 1 2 th ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁( G erman : ▁ 7 1 2 . ▁Infan ter ied iv ision ) ▁was ▁a ▁German ▁Army ▁inf antry ▁division ▁in ▁World ▁War ▁II . ▁ ▁Oper ational ▁history ▁ ▁The ▁ 7 1 2 th ▁Infan try ▁Division ▁was ▁raised ▁in ▁early ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁ 1 5 th ▁wave ▁of ▁We h rm acht ▁forces , ▁and ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁occupied ▁France ▁along ▁the ▁dem arc ation ▁line ▁with ▁V ich y ▁France . ▁In ▁the ▁spring ▁of ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁it ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁the ▁Low ▁Count ries , ▁where ▁it ▁occupied ▁the ▁area ▁around ▁Ze ebru g ge . ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁the ▁division ▁was ▁organized ▁into ▁the ▁ 8 9 th ▁Army ▁Corps , ▁a ▁section ▁of ▁Army ▁Group ▁B ' s ▁ 1 5 th ▁Army , ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁counter ▁the ▁All ied ▁invasion ▁of ▁France ; ▁the ▁ 8 9 th ▁Corps ▁was ▁station ed |
▁along ▁the ▁Belg ian ▁coast ▁at ▁the ▁time ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁prevent ▁further ▁am ph ib ious ▁assault s . ▁It ▁was ▁considered ▁by ▁the ▁Germans ▁that ▁an ▁All ied ▁attack ▁on ▁Belgium ▁( if ▁not ▁France ) ▁was ▁far ▁more ▁likely ▁than ▁one ▁on ▁the ▁Netherlands ; ▁as ▁such , ▁inf antry ▁divisions ▁were ▁more ▁concentrated ▁here . ▁ ▁In ▁September ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁the ▁division ▁was ▁defending ▁the ▁banks ▁of ▁the ▁She ld t ▁river ▁near ▁Ant werp ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁attacked ▁by ▁Pol es ▁serving ▁under ▁General ▁Guy ▁Sim onds . ▁ ▁Re formation ▁and ▁Poland ▁After ▁suffering ▁heavy ▁casual ties ▁when ▁the ▁All ied ▁forces ▁made ▁their ▁way ▁into ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁the ▁ 7 1 2 th ▁was ▁reform ed ▁and ▁sent ▁to ▁the ▁eastern ▁front . ▁With ▁the ▁Red ▁Army ▁being ▁supplied ▁by ▁an ▁ever - in cre asing ▁ar senal ▁of ▁weapons ▁and ▁vehicles , ▁the ▁division ▁was ▁unable ▁to ▁match ▁them ▁in ▁Poland , ▁and ▁was ▁dec imated ▁along ▁the ▁river ▁O der ▁in ▁January ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁Much ▁of ▁the ▁combat ▁troops ▁were ▁absorbed ▁by ▁units ▁such ▁as ▁Pan zer ▁Division ▁Kur mark , ▁and ▁the ▁ 4 5 th ▁and ▁ 6 8 th ▁Infan try ▁Div isions , ▁who ▁were ▁also ▁being ▁quickly ▁pushed ▁back ▁by ▁Soviet ▁forces . ▁ ▁Final ▁re formation ▁and ▁capit ulation ▁In ▁March , ▁the ▁division ▁was ▁again ▁reform ed . ▁With ▁no ▁more ▁reserves , ▁the ▁We h rm acht |
▁could ▁only ▁supply ▁the ▁ 7 1 2 th ▁with ▁survivors ▁of ▁divisions ▁already ▁destroyed ▁by ▁the ▁All ied ▁forces . ▁The ▁division ▁was ▁crushed ▁in ▁the ▁Hal be ▁pocket ▁the ▁following ▁month . ▁ ▁In ▁March , ▁the ▁division ▁was ▁again ▁reform ed ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁N inth ▁Army ' s ▁XI ▁SS ▁Corps ▁under ▁SS - General ▁Mat th ias ▁Klein he ister kamp , ▁themselves ▁part ▁of ▁Army ▁Group ▁V ist ula ▁( G erman : ▁He eres g ruppe ▁We ich se ). ▁In ▁mid - Apr il , ▁the ▁division ▁took ▁part ▁in ▁opening ▁stages ▁of ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁the ▁Se el ow ▁He ights ▁The ▁army ▁was ▁able ▁to ▁hold ▁of ▁the ▁Soviet ▁advance ▁for ▁only ▁about ▁three ▁days ▁before ▁being ▁forced ▁to ▁retreat ▁to ▁a ▁pocket ▁around ▁the ▁towns ▁of ▁Frankfurt ▁and ▁Für sten wal de ▁along ▁the ▁Sp ree wald . ▁During ▁Soviet ▁advance ment ▁towards ▁Für sten wal de , ▁the ▁ 7 1 2 th ▁was ▁now ▁surrounded , ▁already ▁under ▁fire ▁from ▁its ▁forward ▁positions ▁and ▁now ▁the ▁rear . ▁The ▁ 3 2 nd ▁SS - G ren ad ier ▁Division ▁was ▁moved ▁to ▁Für sten wal de ▁to ▁support ▁the ▁ 7 1 2 th . ▁En cir cl ed ▁by ▁the ▁Soviet s , ▁the ▁N inth ▁Army ▁attempted ▁to ▁break ▁out ▁from ▁ 2 4 ▁April ▁through ▁the ▁village ▁of ▁Hal be . ▁On ▁the ▁morning ▁of ▁ 2 6 ▁April , ▁the ▁ 7 1 2 |
th ▁and ▁the ▁ 2 1 st ▁Pan zer ▁Division ▁launched ▁an ▁attack ▁in - between ▁the ▁ 1 st ▁Ukrain ian ▁Front ' s ▁ 2 8 th ▁Army ▁and ▁ 3 rd ▁Gu ards ▁T ank ▁Army . ▁ ▁In ▁its ▁final ▁breath s ▁the ▁ 7 1 2 th ▁had ▁been ▁reduced ▁severely ▁to ▁its ▁ 7 3 2 nd , ▁ 7 4 5 th ▁and ▁ 7 6 4 th ▁Gren ad ier ▁Reg iments ▁( each ▁at ▁two ▁batt alion - stre ngth ) ▁and ▁the ▁ 1 7 1 2 nd ▁Art illery ▁Regiment . ▁ ▁Command ers ▁ ▁General major ▁George ▁von ▁D ö hren ▁( 3 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁– ▁ 1 5 ▁Apr ▁ 1 9 4 2 ) ▁General le ut nant ▁Friedrich - W il helm ▁Ne um ann ▁( 1 6 ▁Apr ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁– ▁ 2 5 ▁Feb ▁ 1 9 4 5 ) ▁General major ▁Jo ach im ▁von ▁Sie gro th ▁( 2 5 ▁Feb ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁– ▁ 2 ▁May ▁ 1 9 4 5 ) ▁ ▁Order ▁of ▁battle ▁▁▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁ 7 3 2 nd ▁Infan try ▁Regiment ▁ 7 4 5 th ▁Infan try ▁Regiment ▁ 6 5 2 nd ▁Art illery ▁det achment ▁ 7 1 2 nd ▁P ione er ▁Company ▁ 7 1 2 ▁Sign als ▁Company ▁ 7 1 2 nd ▁Supp ly ▁det achment ▁▁ 1 |
9 4 3 ▁ 7 3 2 nd ▁Gren ad ier ▁Regiment ▁ 7 4 5 th ▁Gren ad ier ▁Regiment ▁ 6 5 2 nd ▁Art illery ▁Regiment ▁ 7 1 2 nd ▁P ione er ▁Batt alion ▁ 7 1 2 nd ▁Anti - t ank ▁company ▁ 7 1 2 ▁Sign als ▁Batt alion ▁ 7 1 2 nd ▁Supp ly ▁det achment ▁▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁ 7 3 2 nd ▁Gren ad ier ▁Regiment ▁ 7 4 5 th ▁Gren ad ier ▁Regiment ▁ 7 6 4 th ▁Gren ad ier ▁Regiment ▁ 7 1 2 nd ▁F us il ier ▁Batt alion ▁ 7 1 2 nd ▁Art illery ▁Regiment ▁ 7 1 2 nd ▁P ione er ▁Batt alion ▁ 7 1 2 nd ▁Anti - t ank ▁Batt alion ▁▁ 7 1 2 nd ▁Sign als ▁Batt alion ▁ 1 7 1 2 nd ▁Field - re placement ▁Batt alion ▁ 7 1 2 nd ▁Supp ly ▁det achment ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : Mil itary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁established ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 1 ▁Category : Mil itary ▁units ▁and ▁form ations ▁dis est ab lished ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 ▁Category : In fan try ▁divisions ▁of ▁Germany ▁during ▁World ▁War ▁II <0x0A> </s> ▁North ampton ▁was ▁a ▁parliament ary ▁constitu ency ▁( cent red ▁on ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁North ampton ), ▁which ▁existed ▁until ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁ ▁It ▁returned ▁two ▁Members ▁of ▁Parliament |
▁( MP s ) ▁to ▁the ▁House ▁of ▁Commons ▁of ▁the ▁Parliament ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom ▁until ▁its ▁representation ▁was ▁reduced ▁to ▁one ▁member ▁for ▁the ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁general ▁election . ▁ ▁The ▁constitu ency ▁was ▁abol ished ▁for ▁the ▁February ▁ 1 9 7 4 ▁general ▁election , ▁when ▁it ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁the ▁new ▁constitu encies ▁of ▁North ampton ▁North ▁and ▁North ampton ▁South . ▁ ▁A ▁former ▁MP ▁of ▁note ▁for ▁the ▁constitu ency ▁was ▁Spencer ▁Per ce val , ▁the ▁only ▁British ▁Prime ▁Minister ▁to ▁be ▁assass inated . ▁ ▁Members ▁of ▁Parliament ▁ ▁MP s ▁ 1 2 9 5 – 1 6 4 0 ▁▁ 1 2 9 5 : ▁constitu ency ▁established , ▁elect ing ▁two ▁MP s ▁ ▁MP s ▁ 1 6 4 0 – 1 9 1 8 ▁{ | ▁class =" wik itable " ▁| - ▁! E lection !!!! First ▁member !! First ▁party !!!! Second ▁member !! Second ▁party ▁| - ▁| Apr il ▁ 1 6 4 0 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | Rich ard ▁Knight ley || row span =" 2 " | ▁Parliament arian ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁row span ▁= ▁" 2 " | Z ouch ▁T ate || row span ▁= ▁" 2 " | Par liament arian ▁|| ▁| - ▁| N ovember ▁ 1 6 4 0 ▁| |
- ▁| De cember ▁ 1 6 4 8 ▁| col span =" 3 " | K night ley ▁excluded ▁in ▁Pr ide ' s ▁Pur ge ▁– ▁seat ▁vac ant ▁| col span =" 3 " | T ate ▁not ▁recorded ▁as ▁sitting ▁after ▁Pr ide ' s ▁Pur ge ▁| - ▁| 1 6 5 3 ▁| col span =" 6 " | N orth ampton ▁was ▁un rep resent ed ▁in ▁the ▁B are b ones ▁Parliament ▁| - ▁| 1 6 5 4 ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| P eter ▁Wh al ley || ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁col span =" 3 " | ▁North ampton ▁had ▁only ▁one ▁seat ▁in ▁the ▁First ▁ ▁and ▁Second ▁Par li aments ▁of ▁the ▁Prote ctor ate ▁| - ▁| 1 6 5 6 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | Fr anc is ▁Harvey ▁|| row span =" 2 " | ▁| - ▁| Jan uary ▁ 1 6 5 9 ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| J ames ▁Lan gh am || ▁| - ▁| May ▁ 1 6 5 9 ▁| col span =" 6 " | Not ▁represented ▁in ▁the ▁restored ▁R ump | - ▁| M arch ▁ 1 6 6 0 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Francis ▁Harvey ▁| ▁ ▁| row span =" 2 " |
▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Richard ▁R ains ford ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| J une ▁ 1 6 6 0 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁John ▁Nor wich , ▁B t . ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| Apr il ▁ 1 6 6 1 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Francis ▁Harvey ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁James ▁Lan gh am ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| N ovember ▁ 1 6 6 1 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁Charles ▁Com pton ▁| ▁ ▁| row span =" 4 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 4 " | ▁Richard ▁R ains ford ▁| row span =" 4 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 6 6 2 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁James ▁Lan gh am , ▁B t . ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| M arch ▁ 1 6 6 3 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁William ▁D ud ley , ▁B t . ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| Apr il ▁ 1 6 6 3 ▁| row span =" 3 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁Hon . ▁Christopher ▁H att on |
▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| M arch ▁ 1 6 6 4 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁John ▁Bernard ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| Apr il ▁ 1 6 6 4 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁Henry ▁Y el ver ton , ▁B t . ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 6 7 0 ▁| row span =" 3 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁Sir ▁William ▁F erm or ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁ ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Henry ▁O ' B rien ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 6 7 8 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Hon . ▁Ralph ▁Mont agu ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| F ebru ary ▁ 1 6 7 9 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁Hugh ▁Ch ol m ley , ▁B t . ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| Aug ust ▁ 1 6 7 9 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁William ▁Lan gh am ▁| ▁ ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Hon . ▁Ralph ▁Mont agu ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 6 8 5 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Richard ▁R ains ford ▁| ▁ ▁| row span =" |
2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Sir ▁Just inian ▁I sh am , ▁B t . ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 6 8 9 ▁| row span =" 3 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁William ▁Lan gh am ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 6 9 0 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁Thomas ▁Sam well , ▁B t . ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 6 9 4 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Sir ▁Just inian ▁I sh am , ▁B t . ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 6 9 5 ▁| row span =" 3 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁Christopher ▁Mont agu ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 6 9 8 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁William ▁Th urs by ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 0 1 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Thomas ▁Andrew ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 0 2 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" |
background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Sir ▁Matthew ▁D ud ley , ▁B t . ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Bar th ol ome w ▁T ate ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 0 4 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Francis ▁A rund ell ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 0 5 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁ ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁George ▁Mont agu ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 1 0 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁William ▁Wy kes ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 1 5 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁William ▁Wil mer ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 2 2 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Edward ▁Mont agu ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁| |
- ▁| ▁ 1 7 2 7 ▁| row span =" 4 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 4 " | ▁Hon . ▁George ▁Com pton ▁| row span =" 4 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 3 4 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁William ▁Wil mer ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 4 4 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁George ▁Mont agu ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| Apr il ▁ 1 7 5 4 ▁| row span =" 3 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁Charles ▁Mont agu ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| De cember ▁ 1 7 5 4 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Hon . ▁Charles ▁Com pton ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 5 5 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Richard ▁Back well ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 5 9 ▁| row span =" 3 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁Frederick ▁Mont agu ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 6 1 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| |
▁| ▁Spencer ▁Com pton ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 6 3 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Lucy ▁Knight ley ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 6 8 ▁| row span =" 3 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁Vice - Ad m iral ▁Sir ▁George ▁Bry d ges ▁Rod ney ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁ ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁George ▁O sb orn , ▁B t . ▁ ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 6 9 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Hon . ▁Thomas ▁How e ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 7 1 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Wil bra ham ▁Tol lem ache ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁| - ▁| ▁ 1 7 7 4 ▁| ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁George ▁Robinson , ▁ 5 th ▁B t . ▁| ▁ ▁| - ▁| 1 7 8 0 ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁George ▁Spencer ▁| ▁Wh ig ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁ ▁George ▁Rod ney ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁| |
- ▁| 1 7 8 2 ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁George ▁B ingham ▁| ▁T ory ▁| - ▁| 1 7 8 4 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Charles ▁Com pton ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁T ory ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁F ien nes ▁T rot man ▁| ▁Wh ig ▁| - ▁| 1 7 9 0 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Hon . ▁Edward ▁B ouver ie ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Wh ig ▁| - ▁| 1 7 9 6 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Hon . ▁Spencer ▁Per ce val ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁T ory ▁| - ▁| 1 8 1 0 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁William ▁Han bury ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Wh ig ▁| - ▁| 1 8 1 2 ▁| row span =" 2 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁Spencer ▁Com pton ▁| row span =" 2 " | ▁T ory ▁| - ▁| 1 8 1 |
8 ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁Edward ▁K err ison , ▁B t . ▁| ▁T ory ▁| - ▁| 1 8 2 0 ▁| row span =" 3 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁Sir ▁George ▁Robinson , ▁ 6 th ▁B t . ▁| row span =" 3 " | ▁Wh ig ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁William ▁Leader ▁M ab er ly ▁| ▁Wh ig ▁| - ▁| 1 8 3 0 ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Sir ▁Robert ▁G unning , ▁B t . ▁| ▁T ory ▁| - ▁| 1 8 3 1 ▁| row span =" 5 " ▁style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 6 " | ▁Robert ▁Vern on ▁Smith ▁| row span =" 5 " | Wh ig ▁| - ▁| 1 8 3 2 ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁row span =" 2 " ▁| ▁Charles ▁Ross ▁| T ory ▁| - ▁| 1 8 3 4 ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| Con serv ative ▁| - ▁| 1 8 3 7 ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| ▁Ra ikes ▁Cur rie ▁| Rad ical ▁| - ▁| 1 8 5 7 ▁| style =" background - color : ▁" ▁| ▁| row span =" 4 " | |
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