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ing ▁of ▁the ▁Kh ob ar ▁Tow ers ▁in ▁Saudi ▁Arabia , ▁which ▁took ▁place ▁during ▁a ▁retreat ▁O ' Ne ill ▁had ▁organized ▁in ▁Quant ico ▁for ▁FBI ▁and ▁CIA ▁counter - ter ror ism ▁agents . ▁Fr ustr ated ▁by ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁cooperation ▁from ▁the ▁Saud is , ▁O ' Ne ill ▁pur port edly ▁vent ed ▁to ▁FBI ▁Director ▁Louis ▁Free h , ▁saying ▁they ▁were ▁" bl owing ▁smoke ▁up ▁your ▁ass ," ▁although ▁Free h ▁later ▁denied ▁this , ▁claiming ▁they ▁had ▁an ▁excellent ▁relationship . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁and ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁O ' Ne ill ▁continued ▁to ▁warn ▁of ▁growing ▁threats ▁of ▁terror ism , ▁saying ▁that ▁modern ▁groups ▁are ▁not ▁supported ▁by ▁governments ▁and ▁that ▁there ▁are ▁terrorist ▁cells ▁operating ▁within ▁the ▁United ▁States . ▁He ▁stated ▁that ▁veterans ▁of ▁the ▁ins urg ency ▁by ▁Afghan ▁reb els ▁against ▁the ▁Soviet ▁Union ' s ▁invasion ▁had ▁become ▁a ▁major ▁threat . ▁In ▁January ▁ 1 9 9 7 , ▁he ▁moved ▁to ▁New ▁York ▁City ▁to ▁be ▁Special ▁Agent ▁in ▁Ch arge ▁of ▁the ▁FBI ' s ▁National ▁Security ▁Division , ▁the ▁FBI ' s ▁" larg est ▁and ▁most ▁prest igious ▁field ▁office ". ▁ ▁By ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁O ' Ne ill ▁had ▁become ▁focused ▁on ▁Os ama ▁bin ▁L aden ▁and ▁created ▁an ▁al ▁Q a eda ▁desk ▁in ▁his ▁division . ▁In ▁August ▁ 1 9 9 8 , ▁two |
▁United ▁States ▁emb ass ies ▁were ▁bom bed ▁in ▁quick ▁success ion ▁in ▁simultane ous ▁attacks ▁in ▁N airo bi , ▁Kenya , ▁and ▁Dar ▁es ▁S ala am , ▁T anz ania . ▁O ' Ne ill ▁hoped ▁to ▁be ▁involved ▁in ▁the ▁investigation ▁because ▁he ▁had ▁gained ▁a ▁tremendous ▁knowledge ▁of ▁Os ama ▁bin ▁L aden ' s ▁al - Q a eda ▁terrorist ▁network . ▁O ' Ne ill ▁persu aded ▁FBI ▁Director ▁Free h ▁to ▁let ▁his ▁office ▁handle ▁the ▁case , ▁and ▁prosecut or ▁Mary ▁Jo ▁White ▁later ▁said , ▁" John ▁O ' Ne ill , ▁in ▁the ▁investigation ▁of ▁the ▁bomb ings ▁of ▁our ▁emb ass ies ▁in ▁East ▁Africa , ▁created ▁the ▁template ▁for ▁successful ▁investig ations ▁of ▁international ▁terror ism ▁around ▁the ▁world ." ▁ ▁When ▁his ▁friend ▁Chris ▁I sh am , ▁a ▁producer ▁for ▁ABC ▁News , ▁arranged ▁for ▁an ▁interview ▁between ▁bin ▁L aden ▁and ▁correspond ent ▁John ▁Miller , ▁I sh am ▁and ▁Miller ▁used ▁information ▁put ▁together ▁by ▁O ' Ne ill ▁to ▁form ulate ▁the ▁questions . ▁After ▁the ▁interview ▁a ired , ▁O ' Ne ill ▁pushed ▁I sh am ▁hard ▁to ▁release ▁an ▁un ed ited ▁version ▁so ▁he ▁could ▁carefully ▁dis sect ▁it . ▁ ▁O ' Ne ill ' s ▁rise ▁through ▁the ▁ranks ▁at ▁the ▁bureau ▁began ▁to ▁slow ▁as ▁his ▁personal ▁style ▁ch af ed ▁others , ▁and ▁he ▁made ▁a ▁few ▁slip - ups ▁by ▁losing ▁a ▁bureau ▁cell ▁phone ▁and |
▁Palm P il ot , ▁impro per ly ▁borrow ing ▁a ▁car ▁from ▁a ▁safe ▁house , ▁and ▁losing ▁track ▁of ▁a ▁brief case ▁with ▁sensitive ▁documents ▁for ▁a ▁short ▁period . ▁▁ ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁Catholic , ▁married ▁with ▁two ▁children , ▁but ▁separated ▁from ▁his ▁wife ; ▁his ▁family ▁continued ▁to ▁live ▁in ▁Atlantic ▁City , ▁and ▁he ▁supported ▁them ▁financ ially ▁and ▁paid ▁the ▁mortgage ▁on ▁their ▁house . ▁According ▁to ▁Lawrence ▁Wright ▁( in ▁The ▁Lo oming ▁Tower ), ▁during ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 0 s ▁O ' Ne ill ▁was ▁involved ▁simultaneously ▁in ▁extr amar ital ▁relationships ▁with ▁three ▁named ▁women , ▁each ▁of ▁whom ▁he ▁had ▁told ▁either ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁not ▁married ▁or ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁divor ced , ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁planned ▁to ▁marry ▁her . ▁▁ ▁He ▁was ▁officially ▁re prim anded ▁and ▁d ocked ▁ 1 5 ▁days ' ▁pay ▁in ▁summer ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁over ▁the ▁incident ▁involving ▁the ▁safe ▁house , ▁because ▁he ▁had ▁allowed ▁his ▁girlfriend ▁to ▁enter ▁it . ▁His ▁lifestyle , ▁which ▁involved ▁frequently ▁giving ▁gifts ▁to ▁his ▁girlfriend s ▁and ▁lav ish ▁expend it ures ▁with ▁his ▁colleagues , ▁resulted ▁in ▁substantial ▁credit ▁card ▁deb ts ▁which ▁he ▁found ▁difficult ▁to ▁manage ▁on ▁his ▁salary , ▁and ▁consequ ently , ▁he ▁borrow ed ▁substantial ▁sum s ▁from ▁wealthy ▁friends . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 9 , ▁O ' Ne ill ▁sent ▁a ▁close ▁associate ▁named ▁Mark ▁Ross ini ▁to ▁work ▁in ▁the |
▁CIA ' s ▁Bin ▁L aden ▁Issue ▁Station ▁in ▁Virginia . ▁O ' Ne ill ▁had ▁a ▁conflict ▁with ▁the ▁CIA ▁station ▁chief ▁Michael ▁Sche uer : ▁O ' Ne ill ▁wanted ▁Ross ini ▁to ▁stay ▁at ▁the ▁station ▁and ▁feed ▁him ▁information ▁about ▁what ▁the ▁CIA ▁was ▁doing , ▁while ▁Rich ▁B lee , ▁who ▁had ▁been ▁appointed ▁by ▁CIA ▁chief ▁George ▁Ten et ▁to ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁Bin ▁L aden ▁Issue ▁Station , ▁wanted ▁Ross ini ▁out ▁working ▁in ▁the ▁field . ▁▁ ▁Later , ▁when ▁the ▁CIA ▁Bin ▁L aden ▁station ▁learned ▁that ▁Bin ▁L aden ' s ▁associ ates ▁N aw af ▁al - H az mi ▁and ▁K hal id ▁al - M ih d har ▁were ▁headed ▁to ▁the ▁US ▁with ▁vis as , ▁Ross ini ▁and ▁his ▁colle ague ▁Doug ▁Miller ▁attempted ▁to ▁alert ▁O ' Ne ill , ▁but ▁B lee ▁blocked ▁the ▁message . ▁M ih d har ▁and ▁Haz mi ▁became ▁two ▁of ▁the ▁hij ack ers ▁of ▁American ▁Airlines ▁Flight ▁ 7 7 ▁on ▁ 9 / 1 1 . ▁ ▁Following ▁the ▁December ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁arrest ▁of ▁Ah med ▁R ess am , ▁O ' Ne ill ▁co - ord inated ▁the ▁investigation ▁into ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁mill enn ium ▁attack ▁pl ots , ▁described ▁by ▁Richard ▁Clar ke ▁as ▁" the ▁most ▁comprehensive ▁investigation ▁ever ▁conducted ▁before ▁September ▁ 1 1 th ." ▁▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁After ▁being ▁passed ▁over ▁for ▁multiple |
▁promot ions ▁( to ▁assistant ▁director ▁in ▁charge ▁of ▁national ▁security ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁and ▁head ▁of ▁the ▁FBI ' s ▁New ▁York ▁office ▁in ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 0 ), ▁O ' Ne ill ▁was ▁pleased ▁to ▁be ▁assigned ▁as ▁commander ▁of ▁the ▁FBI ' s ▁investigation ▁into ▁the ▁USS ▁Cole ▁bomb ing ▁in ▁October ▁ 2 0 0 0 . ▁However , ▁upon ▁arriving ▁in ▁Y emen , ▁he ▁complained ▁about ▁in ade quate ▁security . ▁As ▁his ▁team ▁investigated , ▁O ' Ne ill ▁came ▁into ▁conflict ▁with ▁Barbara ▁Bod ine , ▁the ▁U . S . ▁amb assador ▁to ▁Y emen . ▁The ▁two ▁had ▁widely ▁diver gent ▁views ▁on ▁how ▁to ▁handle ▁sear ches ▁of ▁Y emen i ▁property , ▁and ▁interviews ▁with ▁citizens ▁and ▁government ▁officials , ▁and ▁they ▁only ▁grew ▁further ▁apart ▁as ▁time ▁progress ed . ▁ ▁After ▁two ▁months ▁in ▁Y emen , ▁O ' Ne ill ▁returned ▁to ▁New ▁York . ▁He ▁hoped ▁to ▁go ▁back ▁to ▁Y emen ▁to ▁continue ▁the ▁investigation , ▁but ▁was ▁blocked ▁by ▁Bod ine ▁and ▁others ; ▁the ▁dispute ▁made ▁the ▁US ▁press . ▁Following ▁threats ▁against ▁the ▁remaining ▁FBI ▁investig ators , ▁FBI ▁Director ▁Free h ▁withd rew ▁the ▁team , ▁on ▁O ' Ne ill ' s ▁recommendation , ▁in ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁ ▁Ret irement ▁ ▁In ▁early ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁Richard ▁A . ▁Clar ke , ▁the ▁National ▁Coord inator ▁for ▁Security |
, ▁In frastructure ▁Protection , ▁and ▁Coun ter - ter ror ism ▁wanted ▁to ▁move ▁to ▁another ▁position ; ▁he ▁insisted ▁O ' Ne ill ▁was ▁the ▁best ▁person ▁to ▁replace ▁him . ▁O ' Ne ill ▁proved ▁reluct ant , ▁not ▁least ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁relatively ▁low ▁salary . ▁When ▁O ' Ne ill ▁heard ▁of ▁upcoming ▁le aks ▁to ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁about ▁the ▁May ▁ 2 0 0 0 ▁incident ▁in ▁which ▁his ▁brief case ▁had ▁been ▁stolen , ▁he ▁decided ▁to ▁retire ▁from ▁the ▁bureau ▁and ▁take ▁a ▁higher - pay ing ▁job ▁in ▁the ▁private ▁sector , ▁as ▁chief ▁of ▁security ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Trade ▁Center . ▁ ▁An ▁August ▁ 1 9 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁The ▁New ▁York ▁Times ▁report ▁by ▁James ▁R isen ▁and ▁David ▁John ston ▁suggested ▁that ▁O ' Ne ill ▁had ▁been ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁an ▁" internal ▁investigation " ▁at ▁the ▁FBI ▁because ▁O ' Ne ill ▁was ▁responsible ▁for ▁losing ▁a ▁brief case ▁with ▁" high ly ▁classified ▁information " ▁in ▁it , ▁including ▁among ▁other ▁things ▁" a ▁description ▁of ▁every ▁counter esp ion age ▁and ▁counter ter ror ism ▁program ▁in ▁New ▁York ." ▁The ▁brief case ▁was ▁recovered ▁shortly ▁after ▁its ▁disappe arance . ▁The ▁FBI ▁investigation ▁was ▁reported ▁to ▁have ▁concluded ▁that ▁the ▁brief case ▁had ▁been ▁sn atched ▁by ▁local ▁th ie ves ▁involved ▁in ▁a ▁series ▁of ▁hotel ▁bur gl aries ▁and ▁that ▁none ▁of ▁the ▁documents ▁had ▁been ▁removed |
▁or ▁even ▁touched . ▁ ▁Several ▁people ▁came ▁to ▁O ' Ne ill ' s ▁defense , ▁suggesting ▁that ▁he ▁was ▁the ▁subject ▁of ▁a ▁" sm ear ▁campaign ". ▁One ▁of ▁O ' Ne ill ' s ▁associ ates ▁claimed ▁later ▁that ▁O ' Ne ill ▁believed ▁the ▁source ▁for ▁the ▁Times ▁story ▁was ▁FBI ▁official ▁Thomas ▁J . ▁Pick ard . ▁The ▁Times ▁reported ▁that ▁O ' Ne ill ▁was ▁expected ▁to ▁retire ▁in ▁late ▁August . ▁ ▁O ' Ne ill ▁has ▁been ▁described ▁as ▁having ▁a ▁close ▁working ▁relationship ▁with ▁Ali ▁Sou fan . ▁ ▁O ' Ne ill ▁started ▁his ▁new ▁job ▁at ▁the ▁World ▁Trade ▁Center ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁In ▁late ▁August , ▁he ▁talked ▁to ▁his ▁friend ▁Chris ▁I sh am ▁about ▁the ▁job . ▁J ok ingly , ▁I sh am ▁said , ▁" At ▁least ▁they ' re ▁not ▁going ▁to ▁bomb ▁it ▁again " ▁( a ▁reference ▁to ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 3 ▁World ▁Trade ▁Center ▁bomb ing ). ▁O ' Ne ill ▁replied , ▁" They ' ll ▁probably ▁try ▁to ▁finish ▁the ▁job ." ▁ ▁Death ▁ ▁O ' Ne ill ▁was ▁killed ▁on ▁September ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 , ▁and ▁his ▁remains ▁were ▁recovered ▁from ▁the ▁World ▁Trade ▁Center ▁site ▁on ▁Friday , ▁September ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 2 0 0 1 . ▁According ▁to ▁ey ew itness es , ▁O ' Ne ill |
▁was ▁coord inating ▁the ▁evac uation ▁efforts ▁on ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁top ▁floors ▁with ▁dis reg ard ▁to ▁the ▁threat ▁to ▁his ▁own ▁life ; ▁he ▁was ▁last ▁seen ▁on ▁the ▁ 4 9 th ▁floor ▁shortly ▁before ▁the ▁South ▁Tower ▁collapsed . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁buried ▁in ▁Holy ▁Cross ▁C emetery ▁in ▁M ays ▁Land ing , ▁New ▁Jersey . ▁At ▁the ▁National ▁ 9 / 1 1 ▁Memorial , ▁O ' Ne ill ▁is ▁memor ialized ▁at ▁the ▁North ▁Pool , ▁on ▁Panel ▁N - 6 3 . ▁ ▁Media ▁There ▁is ▁extensive ▁coverage ▁of ▁O ' Ne ill ' s ▁anti - ter ror ist ▁work ▁at ▁the ▁FBI ▁and ▁insights ▁into ▁his ▁character ▁and ▁private ▁life ▁in ▁such ▁works ▁as : ▁ ▁Books ▁ ▁Television ▁ ▁The ▁Man ▁Who ▁K new ▁( 2 0 0 2 ), ▁a ▁Front line ▁documentary ▁about ▁O ' Ne ill ▁▁ ▁The ▁Path ▁to ▁ 9 / 1 1 ▁( 2 0 0 6 ), ▁a ▁two - part ▁ABC ▁television ▁mini - series ▁whose ▁protagon ist , ▁O ' Ne ill , ▁is ▁port rayed ▁by ▁Harvey ▁Ke itel ▁The ▁Lo oming ▁Tower ▁( 2 0 1 8 ), ▁H ulu ' s ▁ 1 0 - ep is ode ▁television ▁min iser ies ▁adaptation ▁of ▁Wright ' s ▁e pon ym ous ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁book , ▁in ▁which ▁O ' Ne ill ▁is ▁port rayed ▁by ▁Jeff ▁Daniel s ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁Rick ▁Res cor la , ▁a |
▁Vietnam ▁War ▁veteran ▁and ▁Morgan ▁Stanley ' s ▁W TC ▁head ▁of ▁security ▁who ▁died ▁in ▁the ▁attacks ▁on ▁ 9 / 1 1 ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁ ▁Front line : ▁The ▁Man ▁Who ▁K new ▁| ▁P BS ▁Front line ▁published ▁October ▁ 3 , ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁ ▁Front line : ▁The ▁Man ▁Who ▁K new ▁trans cript ▁| ▁P BS ▁Front line ▁( c ) ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁ ▁Front line : ▁Bush ' s ▁War : ▁video ▁tim eline ▁| ▁P BS ▁Front line ▁ 1 9 8 0 s – 2 0 0 7 ▁posted ▁March ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁ ▁Pro be ▁of ▁USS ▁Cole ▁Bomb ing ▁Un rav els ▁Washington ▁Post ▁May ▁ 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 2 ▁birth s ▁Category : American ▁terror ism ▁victims ▁Category : American ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Counter - ins urg ency ▁the or ists ▁Category : Counter - ter ror ism ▁the or ists ▁Category : F ederal ▁Bureau ▁of ▁Invest igation ▁execut ives ▁Category : Ge orge ▁Washington ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Gu err illa ▁war fare ▁the or ists ▁Category : Pol it ics ▁of ▁Y emen ▁Category : P sy ch ological ▁war fare ▁the or ists ▁Category : T error ism ▁the or ists ▁Category : V ict ims ▁of ▁the ▁September ▁ 1 1 ▁attacks ▁Category : 2 |
0 0 1 ▁deaths ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Atlantic ▁City , ▁New ▁Jersey ▁Category : T error ism ▁deaths ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) ▁Category : H oly ▁Spirit ▁High ▁School ▁al umn i ▁Category : People ▁murdered ▁in ▁New ▁York ▁( state ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Gre tt is ▁s aga ▁Á sm und ars on ar ▁() ▁( also ▁known ▁as ▁Gre tt la , ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁S aga ▁or ▁The ▁S aga ▁of ▁Gre tt ir ▁the ▁Strong ) ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁I cel and ers ' ▁sag as . ▁It ▁details ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁Gre tt ir ▁Á sm und ars on , ▁a ▁bell ic ose ▁I cel and ic ▁out law . ▁ ▁Over view ▁ ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁s aga ▁is ▁considered ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁S ag as ▁of ▁I cel and ers ▁( Í sl ending as ö g ur ), ▁which ▁were ▁written ▁down ▁in ▁the ▁th ir teenth ▁and ▁four teenth ▁centuries ▁and ▁record ▁stories ▁of ▁events ▁that ▁supposed ly ▁took ▁place ▁between ▁the ▁nin th ▁and ▁the ▁ele vent h ▁centuries ▁in ▁I cel and . ▁ ▁The ▁manuscript ▁of ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁s aga ▁was ▁written ▁down ▁some ▁time ▁just ▁before ▁ 1 4 0 0 , ▁making ▁it ▁a ▁late ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁tradition . ▁▁ ▁The ▁author ▁is ▁unknown ▁but ▁it ▁is ▁believed ▁that ▁his ▁story ▁may ▁have ▁been ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁previous ▁account ▁of ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁life |
▁written ▁by ▁St url a ▁ Þ ór ð ars on . ▁Who ever ▁the ▁author ▁was , ▁the ▁author ▁shows ▁an ▁awareness ▁of ▁the ▁S ag as ▁of ▁I cel and ers ▁tradition ▁by ▁making ▁references ▁to ▁other ▁sag as ▁and ▁borrow ing ▁themes ▁from ▁the ▁larger ▁cultural ▁mil ieu ▁of ▁the ▁German ic ▁peoples ▁that ▁appear ▁independently ▁in ▁other ▁texts ▁like ▁the ▁Old ▁English ▁Be ow ulf . ▁▁ ▁The ▁s aga ▁can ▁be ▁split ▁into ▁three ▁major ▁sections : ▁Chap ters ▁ 1 - 1 3 , ▁Chap ters ▁ 1 4 - 8 5 , ▁and ▁Chap ters ▁ 8 6 - 9 3 . ▁The ▁first ▁and ▁last ▁sections ▁of ▁the ▁s aga ▁focus ▁on ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁family ▁rather ▁than ▁on ▁Gre tt ir . ▁ ▁Chap ters ▁ 1 - 1 3 ▁primarily ▁focus ▁on ▁how ▁Gre tt ir ’ s ▁v iking ▁great - grand father ▁On und ur ▁Tree - foot ▁escaped ▁Norway ▁to ▁settle ▁in ▁I cel and ▁after ▁fighting ▁in ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ha fr sf j ord ▁against ▁the ▁first ▁king ▁of ▁Norway ▁Har ald ▁Fair h air . ▁Chap ters ▁ 1 4 - 8 5 ▁primarily ▁focus ▁on ▁the ▁life , ▁condem n ation , ▁and ▁death ▁of ▁Gre tt ir . ▁Chap ters ▁ 8 6 - 9 3 ▁focus ▁on ▁Gre tt ir ’ s ▁half - bro ther ▁Thor stein ▁D rom und ’ s ▁journey ▁to ▁the ▁court ▁of ▁Constant in ople ▁to |
▁take ▁revenge ▁and , ▁incident ally , ▁find ▁court ly ▁love ▁before ▁spending ▁the ▁latter ▁portion ▁of ▁his ▁life ▁in ▁a ▁mon astic ▁cell ▁in ▁Rome . ▁▁▁ ▁Both ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁v iking / ra ider ▁great - grand father ▁and ▁his ▁kn ight ly ▁half - bro ther ▁succeed ▁whereas ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁quest ▁to ▁become ▁a ▁monster - sl ay ing ▁hero ▁of ▁old ▁results ▁in ▁him ▁becoming ▁an ▁out law . ▁Christianity ▁became ▁more ▁common ▁in ▁I cel and ▁around ▁ 1 0 0 0 , ▁and ▁some ▁scholars ▁believe ▁this ▁changing ▁mor ality ▁explains ▁why ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁fate ▁is ▁different ▁than ▁his ▁pag an ▁great - grand father ' s ▁before ▁conversion ▁and ▁his ▁more ▁p ious , ▁christ ian ▁half - bro ther ' s ▁fate ▁after ▁conversion . ▁▁▁ ▁Origin ally , ▁the ▁ill - t emper ed ▁Gre tt ir ▁experienced ▁some ▁success , ▁but ▁his ▁life ▁takes ▁a ▁turn ▁for ▁the ▁worst ▁after ▁he ▁enc ounters ▁the ▁d ra ug r ▁Gl am r ▁in ▁chapter ▁ 3 5 . ▁ ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁Gl am r ' s ▁curse , ▁Gre tt ir ▁becomes ▁dis astr ously ▁un l ucky , ▁only ▁grows ▁we aker / never ▁stronger , ▁becomes ▁afraid ▁of ▁the ▁dark , ▁and ▁is ▁do omed ▁to ▁l onel iness , ▁becoming ▁an ▁out law , ▁and ▁an ▁early ▁death . ▁While ▁in ▁Norway ▁in ▁chapter ▁ 3 8 , ▁Gre tt |
ir ▁will ▁accidentally ▁kill ▁a ▁h ut ▁full ▁of ▁people ▁by ▁un int ention ally ▁lighting ▁it ▁on ▁fire . ▁In ▁chapter ▁ 4 6 , ▁the ▁Al thing ▁back ▁in ▁the ▁I cel and ic ▁Commonwealth ▁ ▁votes ▁that ▁Gre tt ir ▁is ▁an ▁out law ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁deaths ▁this ▁fire ▁caused . ▁This ▁out law ▁status ▁forces ▁Gre tt ir ▁to ▁live ▁on ▁the ▁edge ▁of ▁society ▁and ▁opens ▁him ▁up ▁to ▁being ▁h unted ▁by ▁others . ▁He ▁is ▁repeatedly ▁bet rayed ▁by ▁other ▁out l aws ▁and , ▁after ▁living ▁ 1 9 ▁years ▁as ▁an ▁out law , ▁he ▁will ▁die ▁a ▁h unted ▁man ▁on ▁the ▁lonely ▁island ▁of ▁Dr ange y ▁in ▁chapter ▁ 8 2 . ▁In ▁chapter ▁ 7 7 , ▁it ▁is ▁stated ▁that ▁Gre tt ir ▁would ▁have ▁ce ased ▁being ▁an ▁out law ▁after ▁ 2 0 ▁years . ▁ ▁Story ▁ ▁Chap ters ▁ 1 - 1 3 ▁ ▁Chap ters ▁ 1 - 1 3 ▁take ▁place ▁before ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁birth ▁and ▁focus ▁on ▁his ▁father , ▁Á sm und ar , ▁his ▁grandfather , ▁Thor gr im ▁Grey - head , ▁and ▁his ▁great - grand father ▁Ö n und ur . ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁great - grand father ▁Ö n und ur ▁had ▁been ▁a ▁v iking / ra ider . ▁In ▁chapter ▁two , ▁Ö n und ur ▁lost ▁his ▁leg ▁below ▁the ▁knee ▁and ▁became ▁Ö n und ur |
▁Tree - foot , ▁while ▁fighting ▁from ▁a ▁ship ▁against ▁the ▁Norweg ian ▁king ▁Har ald ▁Fair h air ▁at ▁the ▁Battle ▁of ▁Ha fr sf j ord . ▁King ▁Har ald ▁won ▁the ▁battle ▁and ▁united ▁Norway ▁into ▁one ▁kingdom . ▁In ▁chapter ▁ 3 , ▁those ▁who ▁fought ▁King ▁Har ald ▁fled ▁Norway ▁for ▁Britain ▁and ▁Ireland . ▁At ▁one ▁point , ▁Ö n und ur ▁Tree - leg ▁fought ▁a ▁battle ▁against ▁K jar val , ▁who ▁was ▁king ▁around ▁ ▁Dublin . ▁In ▁chapter ▁ 7 , ▁Ö n und ur ▁tree - foot ▁visits ▁southern ▁Norway ▁to ▁assist ▁kin . ▁In ▁chapter ▁ 8 , ▁he ▁leaves ▁Norway ▁and ▁arrives ▁in ▁I cel and ▁to ▁settle ▁for ▁good ▁in ▁chapter ▁ 9 . ▁Ö n und ur ▁dies ▁and ▁is ▁buried ▁in ▁tum ulus ▁in ▁chapter ▁ 1 1 , ▁after ▁which ▁the ▁s aga ' s ▁focus ▁shifts ▁to ▁his ▁son ▁Thor gr im ▁Grey - head ▁and ▁his ▁son ▁Á sm und ar ▁Grey - h air . ▁As mund ar ▁f athers ▁Thor stein ▁D rom und ▁while ▁visiting ▁Norway ▁in ▁Chapter ▁ 1 3 ▁and ▁then ▁returns ▁to ▁I cel and . ▁ ▁Chap ters ▁ 1 4 - 8 5 ▁ ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁life ▁is ▁told ▁from ▁beginning ▁to ▁end . ▁Chapter ▁ 1 4 ▁describes ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁immediate ▁family . ▁Á sm und ar ▁Grey - h air ▁and ▁his ▁wife ▁As dis ▁have ▁two ▁boys |
: ▁( 1 ) ▁the ▁el dest ▁brother , ▁At li , ▁is ▁quiet ▁and ▁gentle , ▁and ▁( 2 ) ▁Gre tt ir , ▁is ▁rebell ious , ▁bad - t emper ed , ▁and ▁m isch iev ous . ▁He ▁is ▁described ▁as ▁red ▁ha ired , ▁somewhat ▁fre ck led , ▁and ▁broad ▁around ▁the ▁eyes . ▁They ▁also ▁have ▁two ▁daughters : ▁( 3 ) ▁Th ord is ▁and ▁( 4 ) ▁R ann ve ig . ▁In ▁this ▁chapter , ▁it ▁is ▁stated ▁the ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁father ▁did ▁not ▁care ▁for ▁him ▁much ▁but ▁that ▁his ▁mother ▁loved ▁him ▁a ▁lot . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁revealed ▁that ▁Gre tt ir ▁grew ▁strong ▁and ▁that ▁he ▁has ▁a ▁fond ness ▁for ▁poetry . ▁ ▁In ▁chapter ▁ 1 6 , ▁Gre tt ir ▁receives ▁his ▁first ▁sentence ▁for ▁out law ry . ▁While ▁still ▁very ▁young , ▁Gre tt ir ▁kills ▁a ▁person ▁because ▁he ▁thinks ▁they ▁have ▁taken ▁his ▁food ▁bag . ▁Despite ▁attempts ▁to ▁pay ▁compensation ▁to ▁the ▁family ▁similar ▁to ▁were g ild , ▁he ▁is ▁temporarily ▁ban ished ▁from ▁I cel and ▁and ▁sent enced ▁to ▁lesser - out law ry ▁for ▁three ▁years . ▁He ▁asks ▁his ▁father ▁for ▁a ▁sword ▁before ▁he ▁leaves , ▁which ▁his ▁father ▁ref uses , ▁but ▁his ▁mother ▁As dis ▁gives ▁him ▁family ▁he ir lo om ▁sword ▁from ▁her ▁family line ▁in ▁chapter ▁ 1 7 . ▁He ▁then ▁leaves ▁for ▁Norway ▁for ▁the |
▁first ▁time . ▁ ▁In ▁chapter ▁ 1 8 , ▁Gre tt ir ▁fights ▁his ▁first ▁creature , ▁an ▁und ead ▁man , ▁Kar , ▁guard ing ▁treasure ▁in ▁his ▁own ▁funeral ▁m ound / t um ulus . ▁Tre asures ▁and ▁weapons ▁are ▁taken ▁from ▁the ▁m ound ▁after ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁triumph . ▁He ▁has ▁other ▁successful ▁adventures ▁in ▁Norway ▁as ▁well , ▁killing ▁bears ▁and ▁b ers erk ers . ▁He ▁then ▁has ▁to ▁fle e ▁Norway ▁to ▁go ▁back ▁to ▁I cel and ▁after ▁he ▁kills ▁people ▁for ▁an ▁insult ▁in ▁chapters ▁ 2 3 ▁and ▁ 2 4 . ▁ ▁Gre tt ir ▁comes ▁back ▁to ▁I cel and . ▁In ▁Chap ters ▁ 3 2 - 3 3 ▁a ▁Swedish , ▁pag an ▁she pher d ▁named ▁Gl ám r ▁is ▁asked ▁to ▁watch ▁sheep , ▁but ▁disappe ars ▁on ▁Y ule / ▁Christmas ▁e ve . ▁He ▁is ▁seen ▁dead ▁the ▁next ▁day ▁in ▁the ▁snow ▁and ▁then ▁Gl am r ▁will ▁become ▁a ▁d ra ug r ▁that ▁ha unts ▁the ▁area . ▁Gre tt ir ▁will ▁fight ▁and ▁successfully ▁sl ay ▁Gl am r ▁in ▁chapter ▁ 3 5 . ▁ ▁Gl am r ' s ▁curse ▁is ▁what ▁leads ▁Gre tt ir ▁in ▁a ▁different ▁direction . ▁As ▁a ▁result ▁of ▁Gl am r ' s ▁curse , ▁Gre tt ir ▁becomes ▁dis astr ously ▁un l ucky , ▁only ▁grows ▁we aker / never ▁stronger , ▁becomes ▁afraid ▁of ▁the |
▁dark , ▁and ▁is ▁do omed ▁to ▁l onel iness , ▁becoming ▁an ▁out law , ▁and ▁an ▁early ▁death . ▁▁ ▁While ▁in ▁Norway ▁for ▁the ▁second ▁time ▁in ▁chapter ▁ 3 8 , ▁Gre tt ir ▁will ▁accidentally ▁kill ▁a ▁h ut ▁full ▁of ▁people ▁by ▁un int ention ally ▁lighting ▁it ▁on ▁fire . ▁His ▁older ▁brother , ▁At li ▁at ▁the ▁family ▁farm ▁will ▁get ▁killed ▁by ▁a ▁man ▁named ▁Th orb j orn ▁in ▁chapter ▁ 4 5 . ▁In ▁chapter ▁ 4 6 , ▁the ▁Al thing ▁back ▁in ▁the ▁I cel and ic ▁Commonwealth ▁votes ▁that ▁Gre tt ir ▁is ▁an ▁out law ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁deaths ▁the ▁fire ▁caused . ▁Gre tt ir ▁returns ▁home ▁to ▁I cel and ▁the ▁following ▁chapter , ▁ 4 7 , ▁to ▁learn ▁this ▁information ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time . ▁This ▁out law ▁status ▁forces ▁Gre tt ir ▁to ▁live ▁on ▁the ▁edge ▁of ▁society ▁and ▁opens ▁him ▁up ▁to ▁being ▁h unted ▁by ▁others ▁and ▁being ▁bet rayed ▁by ▁other ▁out l aws . ▁▁ ▁Gre tt ir ▁lives ▁in ▁various ▁places ▁running ▁from ▁enemies ▁and ▁sl ay ing ▁more ▁mon sters . ▁In ▁Chapter ▁ 6 9 ▁he ▁returns ▁home ▁to ▁the ▁farm ▁at ▁B j arg ▁and ▁sees ▁his ▁mother . ▁She ▁sends ▁him ▁off ▁with ▁his ▁ 1 5 ▁year ▁old ▁brother ▁Ill ug i ▁and ▁they ▁head ▁off ▁to ▁spend ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁s aga ▁on ▁the ▁island ▁of ▁Dr ange y ▁off |
▁the ▁northern ▁tip ▁of ▁I cel and . ▁Part ▁of ▁the ▁reason ▁for ▁this ▁if ▁that ▁the ▁island ▁has ▁steep ▁cl iffs ▁and ▁can ▁only ▁be ▁climbed ▁up ▁on ▁with ▁the ▁help ▁of ▁a ▁ladder ▁than ▁can ▁be ▁withd rawn . ▁Gre tt ir ▁eventually ▁becomes ▁the ▁longest - sur v iving ▁out law ▁in ▁I cel and ic ▁history . ▁After ▁spending ▁over ▁ 1 9 ▁years ▁as ▁an ▁out law , ▁his ▁friends ▁and ▁family ▁ask ▁for ▁his ▁ban ishment ▁to ▁be ▁lifted , ▁arguing ▁that ▁a ▁man ▁could ▁not ▁spend ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁as ▁an ▁out law ▁according ▁to ▁the ▁law ▁( in ▁fact , ▁there ▁was ▁no ▁such ▁law ▁in ▁medieval ▁I cel and ). ▁In ▁chapter ▁ 7 7 , ▁after ▁a ▁debate ▁at ▁the ▁assembly , ▁it ▁is ▁decided ▁that ▁the ▁out law ry ▁will ▁be ▁lifted ▁when ▁he ▁has ▁completed ▁the ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁but ▁not ▁before . ▁His ▁enemies ▁make ▁one ▁last ▁effort , ▁using ▁sor cery ▁to ▁cause ▁him ▁to ▁wound ▁himself ▁and ▁finally ▁defeat ▁him , ▁at op ▁the ▁cl iff - s ided , ▁lonely , ▁fort ress - like ▁Dr ange y ▁off ▁the ▁northern ▁tip ▁of ▁I cel and ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁staying ▁with ▁another ▁brother ▁of ▁his ▁named ▁Ill ug i , ▁and ▁his ▁slave ▁G la um ur . ▁Gre tt ir ' s ▁enemies ▁succeed ▁in ▁killing ▁him ▁in ▁chapter ▁ 8 2 . ▁Ass uming ▁that ▁the ▁tales ▁of ▁the ▁s aga |
▁bear ▁any ▁relationship ▁to ▁historical ▁real ities , ▁Gre tt ir ▁would ▁have ▁died ▁' some ▁time ▁between ▁ 1 0 3 0 ▁and ▁ 1 0 4 0 '. ▁ ▁Chap ters ▁ 8 6 - 9 3 ▁ ▁His ▁half ▁brother , ▁Thor ste inn ▁D rom und , ▁later ▁av eng es ▁him ▁in ▁a ▁semi - com ic ▁scene ▁in ▁By z ant ium / Constant in ople , ▁where ▁the ▁Nor se ▁served ▁as ▁Var ang ians . ▁While ▁in ▁Constant in ople , ▁he ▁falls ▁in ▁love ▁with ▁a ▁married ▁woman ▁named ▁Sp es , ▁who ▁helps ▁him . ▁After ▁Thor ste inn ▁D rom und ▁complet es ▁his ▁mission ▁the ▁two ▁of ▁them ▁decide ▁to ▁spend ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁their ▁lives ▁in ▁mon astic ▁cells ▁in ▁Rome . ▁ ▁Leg acy ▁Gre tt ir ▁Á sm und ars on ▁was ▁reported ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁from ▁B j arg ▁in ▁Mi ð f j ör ð ur . ▁At ▁B j arg , ▁Gre tt ir ▁Á sm und ars on ▁always ▁had ▁refuge ▁with ▁his ▁mother ▁Á sd ís . ▁Many ▁place ▁names ▁in ▁the ▁neighbour hood ▁of ▁B j arg ▁and ▁indeed ▁throughout ▁the ▁county ▁bear ▁the ▁name ▁of ▁the ▁out law ▁e . g . ▁Gre tt ish af , ▁Gre tt ist ak ▁and ▁Gre tt ish ö f ð i ▁at ▁Arn ar v at n . ▁Even ▁Gar field ▁is ▁named ▁Gre tt ir ▁in ▁I cel and : ▁because ▁he |
▁is ▁r uf ous , ▁a ▁little ▁broad ▁and ▁unw illing ▁to ▁conform ▁to ▁society ' s ▁norm s . ▁A ▁memorial ▁was ▁ere cted ▁to ▁his ▁mother ▁Á sd ís ▁at ▁B j arg ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁The ▁memorial ▁displays ▁a ▁relief ▁from ▁Gre tt is ▁S aga ▁made ▁by ▁I cel and ic ▁artist ▁Hal ld ór ▁P ét ur sson . ▁ ▁Gre tt ir ▁is ▁celebrated ▁in ▁the ▁long ▁poem ▁E cl ogue ▁from ▁I cel and ▁in ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 8 ▁collection ▁The ▁Earth ▁Comp els ▁by ▁Irish ▁poet ▁Louis ▁Mac Ne ice , ▁who ▁had ▁developed ▁a ▁love ▁of ▁Nor se ▁myth ology ▁while ▁at ▁school ▁at ▁Mar l borough ▁College . ▁ ▁In ▁it , ▁the ▁ghost ▁of ▁Gre tt ir ▁speaks ▁with ▁two ▁men , ▁Cr aven ▁and ▁Ryan , ▁who ▁have ▁been ▁' h ound ed ' ▁from ▁a ▁dec ad ent ▁and ▁war - th reat ened ▁Europe ▁' wh ose ▁voice ▁calls ▁in ▁the ▁s ire ns ▁of ▁destroy ers '. ▁ ▁He ▁ur ges ▁them ▁to ▁recover ▁their ▁underlying ▁human ▁values , ▁and ▁to ▁assert , ▁as ▁he ▁has , ▁' the ▁sanct ity ▁of ▁the ▁individual ▁will '. ▁ ▁He ▁tells ▁them ▁to ▁return ▁home ▁as ▁an ▁act ▁of ▁duty , ▁which ▁he ▁calls ▁- ▁remembering ▁his ▁own ▁def iant ▁choice ▁to ▁be ▁an ▁out law ▁- ▁' Your ▁haz ard , ▁your ▁act ▁of ▁def iance ▁and ▁h ym n ▁of ▁hate , |
▁hatred ▁of ▁hatred , ▁assert ion ▁of ▁human ▁values ' ▁and ▁( in ▁the ▁poem ' s ▁final ▁words ') ▁' your ▁only ▁chance '. ▁ ▁The ▁Australian ▁composer ▁Per cy ▁Gra inger ▁described ▁the ▁Gre tt is ▁S aga ▁as ▁the ▁" strong est ▁single ▁artistic ▁influence " ▁in ▁his ▁life . ▁ ▁The ▁s aga ▁was ▁adapted ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁as ▁the ▁basis ▁for ▁a ▁novel ▁set ▁in ▁She ff ield ▁by ▁Tony ▁Williams ▁( author ). ▁ ▁Trans l ations ▁▁ ▁. ▁At ▁the ▁I cel and ic ▁S aga ▁Database . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Gre tt is ▁S aga ▁Á sm und ars on ar , ▁a ▁critical , ▁an not ated ▁schol arly ▁edition ▁by ▁R . ▁C . ▁Bo er ▁( in ▁German ). ▁ ▁Free ▁download s ▁at ▁, ▁ ▁and ▁▁ ▁Full ▁text ▁and ▁transl ations ▁at ▁the ▁I cel and ic ▁S aga ▁Database ▁ ▁I cel and ic ▁S aga ▁Map ▁– ▁an ▁online ▁digital ▁map ▁with ▁the ▁ge o - refer enced ▁texts ▁of ▁all ▁of ▁the ▁ Í sl ending as ö g ur ▁Pro ver bs ▁in ▁Gre tt is ▁s aga ▁ ▁G í sl a ▁s aga ▁- ▁Another ▁I cel and ic ▁s aga ▁with ▁a ▁main ▁character ▁who ▁becomes ▁an ▁out law . ▁▁ ▁Russell ▁Po ole , ▁" My th , ▁Psych ology , ▁and ▁Society ▁in ▁Gre tt is ▁s aga ," ▁Al ví ss m |
ál ▁ 1 1 ▁( 2 0 0 4 ): ▁ 3 – 1 6 . ▁▁ ▁Maria ▁Bon ner : ▁' G rett ir ' s ▁First ▁Esc ap ades : ▁How ▁To ▁Challenge ▁Your ▁Father ▁And ▁Get ▁A way ▁With ▁It ▁- ▁A ▁Case ▁Study ▁In ▁Historical ▁Dialog ue ▁Analysis .' ▁In : ▁Freder ic ▁Am ory ▁in ▁Mem or iam . ▁Old ▁Nor se - I cel and ic ▁Studies . ▁Ed . ▁John ▁L indow ▁& ▁George ▁Clar ke . ▁Berkeley ▁- ▁Los ▁Angeles : ▁North ▁P ine wood ▁Press ▁ 2 0 1 5 : 1 8 4 - 2 1 2 . ▁▁ ▁Category : S ag as ▁of ▁I cel and ers ▁Category : Out l aws <0x0A> </s> ▁Or m ari ▁Rom ero ▁Tur c ás ▁( born ▁February ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁in ▁Seg undo ▁F rente , ▁Santiago ▁de ▁Cuba ▁Province , ▁Cuba ) ▁is ▁a ▁right - handed ▁pitch er ▁for ▁the ▁Cub an ▁national ▁baseball ▁team ▁and ▁Santiago ▁de ▁Cuba ▁of ▁the ▁Cub an ▁National ▁Series . ▁ ▁Rom ero ▁was ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁gold ▁medal - winning ▁Cub an ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics , ▁and ▁he ▁was ▁ 2 - 1 ▁for ▁the ▁silver ▁medal - winning ▁Cub an ▁team ▁at ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 6 ▁World ▁Base ball ▁Classic . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 6 8 ▁birth s ▁Category |
: L iving ▁people ▁Category : C ub an ▁baseball ▁players ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁baseball ▁players ▁of ▁Cuba ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Cuba ▁Category : O lymp ic ▁medal ists ▁in ▁baseball ▁Category : Med al ists ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Base ball ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 6 ▁Summer ▁Olympics ▁Category : Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁gold ▁medal ists ▁for ▁Cuba ▁Category : Base ball ▁players ▁at ▁the ▁ 1 9 9 9 ▁Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁Category : 2 0 0 6 ▁World ▁Base ball ▁Classic ▁players ▁Category : Pan ▁American ▁Games ▁medal ists ▁in ▁baseball <0x0A> </s> ▁Jeff ▁How e ▁( born ▁June ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 ) ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁politician ▁and ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁Senate . ▁A ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Republican ▁Party ▁of ▁Minnesota , ▁he ▁represents ▁District ▁ 1 3 ▁in ▁central ▁Minnesota . ▁He ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁representing ▁District ▁ 1 3 A . ▁ ▁Early ▁life , ▁education , ▁and ▁career ▁How e ▁grew ▁up ▁on ▁a ▁farm ▁near ▁Ch ok io , ▁Minnesota ▁and ▁graduated ▁from ▁Ch ok io - Al ber ta ▁High ▁School . ▁He ▁attended ▁St . ▁Cloud ▁State ▁University , ▁gradu ating ▁with ▁a ▁Bachelor ▁of ▁Arts . ▁ ▁How e ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁United ▁States ▁Ar med ▁Forces ▁for ▁ 3 8 ▁years , ▁first ▁in ▁the ▁Navy ▁and |
▁later ▁in ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁Army ▁National ▁Guard . ▁He ▁retired ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 7 ▁with ▁the ▁rank ▁of ▁lieutenant ▁colon el . ▁He ▁was ▁a ▁member ▁of ▁the ▁Rock ville ▁city ▁council ▁and ▁is ▁now ▁a ▁consultant . ▁ ▁Minnesota ▁Legisl ature ▁How e ▁was ▁first ▁elected ▁to ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 2 . ▁He ▁did ▁not ▁seek ▁re - election ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁in ▁order ▁to ▁seek ▁election ▁to ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁Senate , ▁which ▁he ▁won . ▁ ▁Personal ▁life ▁How e ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁Sher i ▁How e . ▁They ▁have ▁four ▁children ▁and ▁res ide ▁in ▁Rock ville , ▁Minnesota . ▁His ▁brother ▁John ▁How e ▁is ▁a ▁former ▁Minnesota ▁state ▁sen ator . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Official ▁Senate ▁website ▁Official ▁campaign ▁website ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 5 9 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Ste arn s ▁County , ▁Minnesota ▁Category : St . ▁Cloud ▁State ▁University ▁al umn i ▁Category : Members ▁of ▁the ▁Minnesota ▁House ▁of ▁Represent atives ▁Category : M inn esota ▁Republicans ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁American ▁politicians ▁Category : M inn esota ▁state ▁sen ators <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁computer ▁networking , ▁tele commun ication ▁and ▁information ▁theory , ▁broadcast ing ▁is ▁a ▁method ▁of ▁transfer ring ▁a ▁message ▁to ▁all ▁recip ients ▁simultaneously . ▁ ▁Broad cast ing ▁can ▁be ▁performed ▁as ▁a ▁high - level ▁operation ▁in |
▁a ▁program , ▁for ▁example , ▁broadcast ing ▁in ▁Message ▁Pass ing ▁Inter face , ▁or ▁it ▁may ▁be ▁a ▁low - level ▁networking ▁operation , ▁for ▁example ▁broadcast ing ▁on ▁E ther net . ▁ ▁All - to - all ▁communication ▁is ▁a ▁computer ▁communication ▁method ▁in ▁which ▁each ▁sender ▁transm its ▁messages ▁to ▁all ▁rece ivers ▁within ▁a ▁group . ▁In ▁networking ▁this ▁can ▁be ▁accomplished ▁using ▁broadcast ▁or ▁mult ic ast . ▁This ▁is ▁in ▁contrast ▁with ▁the ▁point - to - point ▁method ▁in ▁which ▁each ▁sender ▁commun icates ▁with ▁one ▁receiver . ▁ ▁Over view ▁ ▁In ▁computer ▁networking , ▁broadcast ing ▁refers ▁to ▁transm itting ▁a ▁packet ▁that ▁will ▁be ▁received ▁by ▁every ▁device ▁on ▁the ▁network . ▁In ▁practice , ▁the ▁scope ▁of ▁the ▁broadcast ▁is ▁limited ▁to ▁a ▁broadcast ▁domain . ▁Broad cast ing ▁a ▁message ▁is ▁in ▁contrast ▁to ▁un ic ast ▁addressing ▁in ▁which ▁a ▁host ▁sends ▁dat agram s ▁to ▁another ▁single ▁host ▁identified ▁by ▁a ▁unique ▁address . ▁ ▁Broad cast ing ▁is ▁the ▁most ▁general ▁communication ▁method , ▁and ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁most ▁int ensive ▁in ▁the ▁sense ▁that ▁many ▁messages ▁may ▁be ▁required ▁and ▁many ▁network ▁devices ▁are ▁involved . ▁ ▁Broad cast ing ▁may ▁be ▁performed ▁as ▁all ▁scatter ▁in ▁which ▁each ▁sender ▁performs ▁its ▁own ▁scatter ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁messages ▁are ▁distinct ▁for ▁each ▁receiver , ▁or ▁all ▁broadcast ▁in ▁which ▁they ▁are ▁the ▁same . ▁ ▁The ▁M PI ▁message ▁passing ▁method ▁which ▁is ▁the ▁de |
▁fact o ▁standard ▁on ▁large ▁computer ▁clusters ▁includes ▁the ▁M PI _ All to all ▁method . ▁ ▁Not ▁all ▁network ▁technologies ▁support ▁broadcast ▁addressing ; ▁for ▁example , ▁neither ▁X . 2 5 ▁nor ▁frame ▁relay ▁have ▁broadcast ▁capability , ▁nor ▁is ▁there ▁any ▁form ▁of ▁Internet - wide ▁broadcast . ▁Broad cast ing ▁is ▁largely ▁conf ined ▁to ▁local ▁area ▁network ▁( LAN ) ▁technologies , ▁most ▁notably ▁E ther net ▁and ▁token ▁ring , ▁where ▁the ▁performance ▁impact ▁of ▁broadcast ing ▁is ▁not ▁as ▁large ▁as ▁it ▁would ▁be ▁in ▁a ▁wide ▁area ▁network . ▁ ▁The ▁success or ▁to ▁Internet ▁Protocol ▁Version ▁ 4 ▁( IP v 4 ), ▁IP v 6 ▁also ▁does ▁not ▁implement ▁the ▁broadcast ▁method , ▁so ▁as ▁to ▁prevent ▁disturb ing ▁all ▁nodes ▁in ▁a ▁network ▁when ▁only ▁a ▁few ▁may ▁be ▁interested ▁in ▁a ▁particular ▁service . ▁Instead ▁it ▁rel ies ▁on ▁mult ic ast ▁addressing ▁- ▁a ▁concept ually ▁similar ▁one - to - many ▁rout ing ▁method ology . ▁However , ▁mult ic asting ▁limits ▁the ▁pool ▁of ▁rece ivers ▁to ▁those ▁that ▁join ▁a ▁specific ▁mult ic ast ▁receiver ▁group . ▁ ▁Both ▁E ther net ▁and ▁IP v 4 ▁use ▁an ▁all - ones ▁broadcast ▁address ▁to ▁indicate ▁a ▁broadcast ▁packet . ▁ ▁Token ▁Ring ▁uses ▁a ▁special ▁value ▁in ▁the ▁I EEE ▁ 8 0 2 . 2 ▁control ▁field . ▁ ▁Broad cast ing ▁may ▁be ▁ab used ▁to ▁perform ▁a ▁type ▁of ▁Do S - att |
ack ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁Sm ur f ▁attack . ▁The ▁attack er ▁sends ▁fake ▁p ing ▁requests ▁with ▁the ▁source ▁IP - address ▁of ▁the ▁victim ▁computer . ▁The ▁victim ▁computer ▁is ▁flo oded ▁by ▁the ▁repl ies ▁from ▁all ▁computers ▁in ▁the ▁domain . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Broad cast ▁radiation ▁ ▁Point - to - multip oint ▁communication ▁ ▁Broad cast , ▁Un known - Un ic ast ▁and ▁Mult ic ast ▁traffic ▁ ▁Term inating ▁Rel iable ▁Broad cast ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Network ▁Broad cast ing ▁and ▁Mult ic ast ▁ ▁Category : Pack ets ▁( information ▁technology ) ▁Category : Network ▁top ology ▁Category : Tele commun ication ▁services ▁Category : Inter - process ▁communication <0x0A> </s> ▁Kam lo ops - South ▁Thompson ▁is ▁a ▁provincial ▁elect oral ▁district ▁in ▁British ▁Columbia , ▁Canada ▁established ▁by ▁the ▁E lector al ▁District s ▁Act , ▁ 2 0 0 8 . ▁ ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁cont ested ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁election . ▁ ▁Member ▁of ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁ ▁On ▁account ▁of ▁the ▁real ignment ▁of ▁elect oral ▁boundaries , ▁most ▁inc umb ents ▁did ▁not ▁represent ▁the ▁entire ty ▁of ▁their ▁listed ▁district ▁during ▁the ▁preced ing ▁legisl ative ▁term . ▁Claude ▁Richmond , ▁British ▁Columbia ▁Liberal ▁Party ▁was ▁initially ▁elected ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 5 ▁election ▁to ▁the ▁Kam lo ops ▁riding ▁and ▁didn ' t ▁seek ▁re - election . ▁Kevin ▁Kr ue ger , ▁BC ▁Liberal |
▁sought ▁re - election ▁in ▁the ▁adjacent ▁red rawn ▁riding ▁of ▁Kam lo ops - South ▁Thompson ▁during ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁election ▁rather ▁than ▁in ▁the ▁riding ▁of ▁Kam lo ops - N orth ▁Thompson . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁E lector al ▁history ▁▁ ▁| - ▁▁▁ ▁| ND P ▁| Tom ▁Fried man ▁| align =" right " | 8 , 1 3 2 ▁| align =" right " | 3 4 . 9 0 % ▁| align =" right " | ▁| align =" right " | $ 4 5 , 5 3 1 ▁ ▁| - ▁style =" background : white ;" ▁! ▁style =" text - align : right ;" ▁col span =" 3 " | Total ▁Valid ▁Votes ▁! align =" right " | 2 3 , 2 9 9 ▁! align =" right " | 1 0 0 % ▁| - ▁style =" background : white ;" ▁! ▁style =" text - align : right ;" ▁col span =" 3 " | Total ▁Re ject ed ▁Ball ots ▁! align =" right " | 9 7 ▁! align =" right " | 0 . 4 1 % ▁| - ▁style =" background : white ;" ▁! ▁style =" text - align : right ;" ▁col span =" 3 " | Turn out ▁! align =" right " | 2 3 , 3 9 6 ▁! align =" right " | 5 7 . 5 6 % ▁| } ▁ ▁Category : B rit ish |
▁Columbia ▁provincial ▁elect oral ▁districts ▁Category : K am lo ops <0x0A> </s> ▁B ero e , ▁commonly ▁known ▁as ▁the ▁cig ar ▁comb ▁j ell ies , ▁is ▁a ▁genus ▁of ▁comb ▁j ell ies ▁in ▁the ▁family ▁Ber oid ae . ▁ ▁Spec ies ▁According ▁to ▁the ▁World ▁Register ▁of ▁Marine ▁Spec ies , ▁the ▁following ▁species ▁are ▁members ▁of ▁this ▁genus : ▁ ▁B ero e ▁ab y ss ic ola ▁Mort ensen , ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁B ero e ▁austral is ▁Ag ass iz ▁& ▁May er , ▁ 1 8 9 9 ▁B ero e ▁b aff ini ▁Kr amp , ▁ 1 9 4 2 ▁B ero e ▁b aster i ▁Less on , ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁B ero e ▁camp ana ▁Kom ai , ▁ 1 9 1 8 ▁B ero e ▁compact a ▁Mos er , ▁ 1 9 0 9 ▁B ero e ▁const rict a ▁Ch am is so ▁& ▁E ys en hard t , ▁ 1 8 2 1 ▁B ero e ▁c uc um is ▁Fab ric ius , ▁ 1 7 8 0 ▁B ero e ▁cul c ull us ▁Mart ens , ▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁B ero e ▁cy ath ina ▁A . ▁Ag ass iz , ▁ 1 8 6 0 ▁B ero e ▁f lem ing ii ▁( E sch sch olt z , ▁ 1 8 2 9 ) ▁B ero e ▁for sk al ii ▁Mil ne ▁Edwards |
, ▁ 1 8 4 1 ▁B ero e ▁g il va ▁E sch sch olt z , ▁ 1 8 2 9 ▁B ero e ▁gr ac ilis ▁K ün ne , ▁ 1 9 3 9 ▁B ero e ▁hy al ina ▁Mos er , ▁ 1 9 0 7 ▁B ero e ▁macro st oma ▁Pé ron ▁& ▁Les ue ur , ▁ 1 8 0 8 ▁B ero e ▁mit ra e form is ▁Less on , ▁ 1 8 3 0 ▁B ero e ▁mit r ata ▁( M oser , ▁ 1 9 0 7 ) ▁B ero e ▁ov ale ▁Bos c , ▁ 1 8 0 2 ▁B ero e ▁ov ata ▁Bru gui ère , ▁ 1 7 8 9 ▁B ero e ▁pand or ina ▁( M oser , ▁ 1 9 0 3 ) ▁B ero e ▁pen ic ill ata ▁( M ert ens , ▁ 1 8 3 3 ) ▁B ero e ▁ram osa ▁Kom ai , ▁ 1 9 2 1 ▁B ero e ▁rose us ▁Qu oy ▁& ▁G aim ard , ▁ 1 8 2 4 ▁B ero e ▁r uf esc ens ▁( E sch sch olt z , ▁ 1 8 2 9 ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading ▁ ▁Category : C ten oph ore ▁gener a ▁Category : N uda <0x0A> </s> ▁David ▁Michael ▁Sp ind el ▁( born ▁August ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 4 1 ) ▁is |
▁an ▁American ▁photographer . ▁ ▁He ▁began ▁his ▁professional ▁career ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁working ▁with ▁still - life ▁objects ▁and ▁eventually ▁broad ened ▁his ▁hor iz ons ▁by ▁doing ▁port ra its . ▁ ▁Sp ind el ▁also ▁incorpor ates ▁baseball ▁memor abil ia ▁in ▁coll age ▁form ▁in ▁some ▁of ▁his ▁work . ▁ ▁He ▁is ▁probably ▁best ▁known ▁for ▁photograph ing ▁John ▁L enn on ▁and ▁Y oko ▁On o ▁during ▁L enn on ' s ▁last ▁recording ▁sessions ▁for ▁Double ▁Fant asy ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 0 . ▁ ▁Biography ▁▁ ▁Sp ind el ▁grew ▁up ▁in ▁the ▁Fl at b ush ▁section ▁of ▁Brooklyn , ▁New ▁York ▁and ▁graduated ▁from ▁Roche ster ▁Institute ▁of ▁Technology ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁( stud ying ▁under ▁such ▁photograph ers ▁as ▁Minor ▁White , ▁professor ▁Les lie ▁St ro eb el , ▁Richard ▁D . ▁Z ak ia , ▁Ralph ▁Hat ters ley ▁and ▁Robert ▁Bag by ). ▁He ▁worked ▁as ▁a ▁photo ▁assistant ▁for ▁ 6 ▁years ▁until ▁his ▁employer ▁at ▁that ▁time , ▁T osh ▁M ats um oto , ▁encouraged ▁him ▁to ▁open ▁his ▁own ▁studio . ▁ ▁Throughout ▁his ▁commercial ▁career , ▁Sp ind el ▁was ▁featured ▁in ▁major ▁newspapers , ▁magazines ▁and ▁art ▁publications . ▁ ▁Television ▁shows ▁in ▁the ▁U . S . ▁and ▁abroad ▁have ▁featured ▁segments ▁on ▁his ▁approach ▁to ▁photography . ▁ ▁After ▁ 2 8 ▁years ▁in ▁commercial ▁advertising , ▁Sp ind el ▁began ▁creating ▁an ▁interactive |
▁body ▁of ▁work ▁called ▁" Reb uses ." ▁ ▁Web ster ’ s ▁dictionary ▁defines ▁a ▁re bus ▁as ▁representation ▁of ▁words ▁or ▁phrases ▁by ▁means ▁of ▁pictures ▁or ▁objects ▁whose ▁names ▁re semble ▁those ▁words ▁or ▁phrases ; ▁a ▁form ▁of ▁r iddle ▁composed ▁of ▁such ▁pictures . ▁ ▁Sp ind el ' s ▁re bus es ▁have ▁been ▁quoted ▁as ▁being ▁" un expected ly ▁different ▁and ▁more ▁fun ▁than ▁finding ▁one ▁of ▁Hir sh feld ’ s ▁N inas ". ▁ ▁R anging ▁in ▁subjects ▁from ▁all - time ▁favorite ▁cele brit ies ▁to ▁frequently ▁used ▁everyday ▁expressions , ▁Sp ind el ' s ▁re bus es ▁are ▁an ▁out p our ing ▁of ▁his ▁in ex haust ible ▁sense ▁of ▁humor . ▁ ▁Not able ▁fans ▁and ▁collect ors ▁of ▁Sp ind el ' s ▁work ▁include : ▁Charl ton ▁H eston , ▁Hillary ▁Clinton , ▁Dr . ▁Ruth ▁West heimer , ▁Mart y ▁Allen , ▁St iller ▁and ▁M ear a , ▁Anne ▁Jackson , ▁Eli ▁Wall ach , ▁Chuck ▁Con n ors , ▁Donald ▁Trump , ▁Jerry ▁Lewis , ▁Lou ▁Jacob i , ▁Billy ▁Cry stal ▁and ▁Kate ▁H ep burn . ▁ ▁Reg is ▁Phil bin ▁said , ▁“ David ▁is ▁a ▁little ▁ecc entric ▁but ▁you ▁have ▁to ▁put ▁up ▁with ▁it ▁when ▁someone ▁is ▁a ▁genius ”. ▁ ▁B ette ▁Davis ▁once ▁said , ▁“ David ’ s ▁art ▁is ▁w ond rous ”. ▁Michael ▁E is ner ▁thought ▁his ▁photography ▁was ▁extraordinary ▁and |
▁recommended ▁it ▁to ▁the ▁sports ▁division ▁of ▁Disney . ▁Joe ▁Di M aggio ▁greatly ▁adm ired ▁Sp ind el ’ s ▁talent ▁and ▁pos ed ▁for ▁a ▁portrait ▁with ▁his ▁own ▁personal ▁memor abil ia . ▁ ▁In ▁ 1 9 9 2 , ▁Abb ev ille ▁Press ▁released ▁The ▁Bron x ▁B om bers ▁and ▁The ▁Boston ▁Red ▁S ox , ▁the ▁first ▁two ▁titles ▁in ▁the ▁award ▁winning , ▁eight - volume ▁Major ▁League ▁Mem ories ▁series . ▁Each ▁book ▁chron icles ▁a ▁major ▁league ▁baseball ▁team ’ s ▁history , ▁in ▁scrap book ▁form , ▁from ▁in ception ▁to ▁present ▁day . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 4 ▁Master ▁PI e ce ▁puzzle ▁commissioned ▁David ▁to ▁create ▁one ▁of ▁his ▁unique ▁coll ages ▁on ▁the ▁life ▁of ▁John ▁Wayne . ▁It ▁is ▁titled ▁" Rem ember ing ▁the ▁Duke ". ▁they ▁also ▁licensed ▁ 4 ▁of ▁his ▁sports ▁images ▁for ▁ 1 0 0 0 ▁piece ▁puzz les . ▁ ▁On ▁the ▁e ve ▁of ▁John ▁L enn on ▁birthday ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 5 , ▁CNN ▁licensed ▁several ▁of ▁his ▁photographs ▁for ▁a ▁special ▁documentary ▁they ▁were ▁creating . ▁ ▁Sp ind el ▁is ▁also ▁known ▁for ▁don ating ▁his ▁photographs ▁to ▁char itable ▁organizations . ▁ ▁He ▁has ▁raised ▁funds ▁for ▁the ▁Le uk em ia ▁Society ▁of ▁America , ▁The ▁Mid ▁Hudson ▁Children ’ s ▁Museum , ▁A . L . S ., ▁Base ball ▁Ass istance ▁Team ▁( B AT ), ▁L up us |
, ▁The ▁Heart ▁Fund , ▁Y og i ▁Ber ra ’ s ▁and ▁Phil ▁R izz uto ’ s ▁favorite ▁char ities ▁( Hand ic apped ▁Boy ▁Sc outs ▁of ▁Southern ▁N J ▁and ▁St . ▁Joseph ’ s ▁School ▁for ▁the ▁Bl ind ) ▁and ▁numerous ▁family ▁shel ters . ▁ ▁Sp ind el ' s ▁original ▁photographs ▁created ▁for ▁post ers ▁are ▁featured ▁at ▁The ▁National ▁Base ball ▁Hall ▁of ▁Fame . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 4 1 ▁birth s ▁Category : American ▁portrait ▁photograph ers ▁Category : L iving ▁people <0x0A> </s> ▁Sebast i án ▁Mer ch án ▁( born ▁ 2 ▁December ▁ 1 9 8 7 ▁in ▁Cu enc a ) ▁is ▁an ▁E cu ador ian ▁racing ▁driver . ▁He ▁has ▁competed ▁in ▁such ▁series ▁as ▁Euro series ▁ 3 0 0 0 ▁and ▁the ▁Italian ▁Formula ▁Ren ault ▁Championship . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁▁▁▁ ▁Category : 1 9 8 7 ▁birth s ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Cu enc a , ▁E cu ador ▁Category : E cu ador ian ▁racing ▁drivers ▁Category : It al ian ▁Formula ▁Ren ault ▁ 2 . 0 ▁drivers ▁Category : It al ian ▁Formula ▁Three ▁Championship ▁drivers ▁Category : Form ula ▁ 3 ▁Euro ▁Series ▁drivers <0x0A> </s> ▁This ▁is ▁a ▁list ▁of ▁compos itions ▁by ▁jazz ▁musician ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k . ▁▁ 0 - 9 ▁▁ 5 2 nd ▁Street ▁Theme ▁A ▁contra fact |
▁based ▁lo os ely ▁on ▁rhythm ▁changes ▁in ▁C , ▁and ▁was ▁copyright ed ▁by ▁Mon k ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁" N am eless " ▁in ▁April ▁ 1 9 4 4 . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁also ▁called ▁" B ip ▁B op " ▁by ▁Mon k , ▁and ▁he ▁claims ▁that ▁the ▁tune ' s ▁latter ▁title ▁was ▁the ▁origin ▁of ▁the ▁genre - def ining ▁name ▁be b op . ▁It ▁quickly ▁became ▁popular ▁as ▁an ▁opening ▁and ▁closing ▁tune ▁on ▁the ▁clubs ▁on ▁ 5 2 nd ▁Street ▁on ▁Manhattan ▁where ▁D iz zy ▁G illes pie ▁and ▁Charlie ▁Parker ▁played . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁D iz zy ▁G illes pie ' s ▁se xt et ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 6 , ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁" 5 2 nd ▁Street ▁Theme ". ▁Leonard ▁Fe ather ▁claims ▁he ▁gave ▁the ▁latter ▁title . ▁ ▁A ▁ ▁Ask ▁Me ▁Now ▁A ▁ton ally ▁ambig uous ▁ball ad ▁in ▁D ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁It ▁also ▁appears ▁on ▁ 5 ▁by ▁Mon k ▁by ▁ 5 , ▁and ▁S olo ▁Mon k . ▁Jon ▁Hend r icks ▁wrote ▁lyrics ▁to ▁tune ▁and ▁called ▁it ▁” How ▁I ▁W ish ”, ▁and ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁Carm en ▁Mc R ae ▁on ▁Carm en ▁S ings ▁Mon k . ▁ ▁B ▁ ▁Ba - L ue ▁Bol |
iv ar ▁Ba - L ues - Are ▁A ▁r iff - based ▁blues ▁in ▁B ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁October ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁for ▁Br ill iant ▁Corn ers . ▁The ▁title ▁references ▁P annon ica ▁de ▁K oen ig sw arter ' s ▁troubles ▁with ▁her ▁stay ▁at ▁the ▁Bol iv ar ▁Hotel , ▁where ▁her ▁parties ▁would ▁disturb ▁the ▁management ▁of ▁the ▁hotel . ▁It ▁also ▁appears ▁on ▁Les ▁L ia isons ▁d ang ere uses ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁and ▁on ▁Mon k ' s ▁Dream ; ▁on ▁the ▁latter ▁release , ▁it ▁was ▁ret itled ▁" B ol iv ar ▁Blues " ▁or ▁" Blue ▁Bol iv ar ▁Blues ." ▁ ▁Live ▁versions ▁also ▁appear ▁from ▁the ▁albums ▁recorded ▁at ▁the ▁It ▁Club ▁and ▁the ▁Jazz ▁Work shop . ▁ ▁B em sha ▁Sw ing ▁A ▁tune ▁Mon k ▁wrote ▁with ▁Den z il ▁Best ▁and ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁T rio . ▁The ▁tune ▁is ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁" B im sha ▁Sw ing ", ▁because ▁the ▁word ▁B em sha ▁is ▁a ▁re - sp elling ▁of ▁" B im shire " ▁— ▁a ▁col lo qu ial ▁nick name ▁for ▁Barb ados , ▁where ▁Den z il ▁Best ▁was ▁born . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁ 1 6 - bar ▁tune ▁with ▁an ▁A AB A - form . ▁The |
▁ 4 - bar ▁A - section ▁is ▁essentially ▁in ▁C ▁major ▁but ▁bor rows ▁t ones ▁from ▁the ▁parallel ▁C ▁minor ▁scale , ▁and ▁is ▁trans posed ▁up ▁a ▁fourth ▁to ▁create ▁the ▁B ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁form . ▁The ▁tune ▁also ▁appears ▁on ▁Miles ▁Davis ▁and ▁the ▁Modern ▁Jazz ▁Gi ants ▁and ▁Br ill iant ▁Corn ers , ▁featuring ▁Max ▁Ro ach ▁with ▁a ▁tim pan i ▁drum ▁added ▁to ▁his ▁set , ▁this ▁inspired ▁Mon k ' s ▁son ▁" T oot " ▁Mon k ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁drums . ▁Live ▁versions ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁recorded ▁in ▁Italy , ▁Tokyo , ▁It ▁Club , ▁Jazz ▁Work shop , ▁and ▁the ▁album ▁M ister ioso ▁( Record ed ▁on ▁Tour ). ▁ ▁Blue h awk ▁A ▁blues ▁in ▁B ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁for ▁The lon ious ▁Al one ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco . ▁Mon k ▁wrote ▁the ▁tune ▁after ▁a ▁visit ▁from ▁Guy ▁Warren ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁the ▁mel ody ▁is ▁borrow ed ▁from ▁Warren ' s ▁" The ▁Talk ing ▁Dr um ▁Looks ▁A head " ▁from ▁the ▁album ▁The mes ▁for ▁African ▁Dr ums . ▁The ▁title ▁is ▁a ▁t ribute ▁to ▁Mon k ' s ▁friend ▁Cole man ▁Haw kins , ▁and ▁the ▁Black ▁Haw k ▁club ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco . ▁ ▁Blue ▁Mon k ▁A ▁blues ▁in ▁B ▁written ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁and ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 2 , ▁ |
1 9 5 4 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁T rio , ▁and ▁is ▁by ▁far ▁the ▁tune ▁Mon k ▁recorded ▁the ▁most . ▁The ▁mel ody ▁is ▁partly ▁borrow ed ▁from ▁Charlie ▁Sha vers ' ▁" P ast el ▁Blue ". ▁Vers ions ▁of ▁the ▁tune ▁appear ▁on ▁Art ▁Blake y ' s ▁Jazz ▁Mess engers ▁with ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k , ▁and ▁Mon k ' s ▁Blues . ▁The ▁tune ▁appears ▁on ▁almost ▁every ▁single ▁live ▁album ▁by ▁Mon k , ▁including ▁the ▁albums ▁from ▁Car ne gie ▁Hall , ▁Five ▁Spot , ▁Town ▁Hall , ▁Tokyo , ▁New port ▁( 1 9 5 8 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 3 ), ▁It ▁Club , ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁Jazz ▁Work shop . ▁Ab bey ▁Lincoln ▁wrote ▁lyrics ▁to ▁the ▁tune ▁around ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁and ▁was ▁recorded ▁by ▁Carm en ▁Mc R ae ▁as ▁" Mon k ery ' s ▁the ▁Blues " ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Carm en ▁S ings ▁Mon k . ▁ ▁Blues ▁Five ▁Spot ▁A ▁blues ▁in ▁B ▁dedicated ▁to ▁the ▁Five ▁Spot ▁C af é , ▁and ▁appears ▁on ▁M ister ioso , ▁Mon k ' s ▁Dream , ▁and ▁Live ▁at ▁the ▁It ▁Club . ▁ ▁It ' s ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁" F ive ▁Spot ▁Blues ". ▁ ▁Bo o ▁Bo o ' s ▁Birth day ▁A ▁ 2 1 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB - form . ▁It ▁was |
▁only ▁recorded ▁once , ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Under ground . ▁" B oo ▁Bo o " ▁was ▁the ▁nick name ▁of ▁Mon k ' s ▁daughter , ▁Barbara ▁Ev ely n ▁Mon k ▁( Se ptember ▁ 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 3 – Jan uary ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 8 4 ). ▁ ▁Bra ke ' s ▁S ake ▁A ▁tune ▁that ▁was ▁recorded ▁only ▁twice , ▁and ▁the ▁form ▁is ▁different ▁on ▁both ▁versions . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁G igi ▁G ry ce ▁with ▁Mon k ▁as ▁a ▁sid eman ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁for ▁G ry ce ' s ▁album ▁N ica ' s ▁Tem po , ▁and ▁the ▁second ▁version ▁was ▁recorded ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁It ' s ▁Mon k ' s ▁Time . ▁Both ▁versions ▁have ▁the ▁A AB A ▁form , ▁where ▁the ▁last ▁A - section ▁has ▁an ▁extended ▁c oda . ▁The ▁version ▁from ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁has ▁ 1 0 ▁bars ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁A - section , ▁while ▁the ▁version ▁from ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁has ▁ 1 2 ▁bars , ▁accordingly . ▁ ▁Bright ▁Mississippi ▁A ▁contra fact ▁of ▁" S weet ▁Georgia ▁Brown " ▁that ▁Mon k ▁developed ▁during ▁the ▁European ▁tour ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 1 , ▁where |
▁the ▁mel ody ▁consists ▁of ▁st acc ato ▁notes ▁that ▁outline ▁the ▁harmony . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 2 , ▁for ▁Mon k ' s ▁Dream . ▁Live ▁versions ▁also ▁appear ▁from ▁the ▁albums ▁recorded ▁at ▁the ▁It ▁Club ▁and ▁the ▁Jazz ▁Work shop . ▁ ▁Br ill iant ▁Corn ers ▁A ▁not or iously ▁difficult ▁ 2 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A BA - form ▁( 8 - 7 - 7 ▁bars ▁respectively ), ▁where ▁the ▁head ▁is ▁first ▁played ▁slowly ▁and ▁then ▁in ▁double - time . ▁The ▁ch or uses ▁in ▁the ▁sol os ▁also ▁follow ▁this ▁form . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Br ill iant ▁Corn ers , ▁and ▁the ▁song ▁had ▁not or iously ▁ 2 5 ▁in complete ▁takes ▁of ▁the ▁tune , ▁and ▁the ▁final ▁version ▁was ▁completed ▁by ▁producer ▁O rr in ▁Keep news ▁by ▁cutting ▁together ▁the ▁in complete ▁takes . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁later ▁recorded ▁in ▁a ▁simpl ified ▁version ▁November ▁ 2 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁for ▁Mon k ' s ▁Blues ▁with ▁Oliver ▁Nelson ' s ▁or chestra . ▁ ▁By e - Y a ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁Latin - t une ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ▁was ▁originally ▁titled ▁" Play house " ▁( as ▁a ▁ded ication ▁to ▁M inton ' s , ▁where |
▁Mon k ▁was ▁the ▁house ▁pian ist ▁in ▁the ▁early ▁ 1 9 4 0 s ▁with ▁Ken ny ▁Clar ke ). ▁It ▁was ▁originally ▁supposed ▁to ▁be ▁arranged ▁by ▁Gil ▁Full er , ▁when ▁Mon k ▁was ▁the ▁pian ist ▁in ▁D iz zy ▁G illes pie ' s ▁big ▁band , ▁but ▁wasn ' t ▁recorded ▁until ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁T rio ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁" By e - Y a ". ▁Produ cer ▁Bob ▁We inst ock ▁wanted ▁to ▁call ▁the ▁tune ▁" Go ", ▁but ▁because ▁of ▁the ▁Latin ▁influence , ▁We inst ock ▁asked ▁for ▁a ▁Spanish ▁translation , ▁thus ▁" Go " ▁became ▁" V aya ", ▁and ▁" V aya " ▁became ▁" By e - Y a ". ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁later ▁recorded ▁for ▁Mon k ' s ▁Dream , ▁and ▁live ▁versions ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁recorded ▁at ▁Car ne gie ▁Hall , ▁Five ▁Spot , ▁and ▁Lincoln ▁Center . ▁ ▁C ▁ ▁Children ’ s ▁Song ▁A ▁ 1 6 - bar ▁( AA - form ) ▁composition ▁in ▁E , ▁derived ▁from ▁the ▁traditional ▁children ' s ▁counting ▁song ▁" This ▁Old ▁Man ." ▁It ▁was ▁only ▁recorded ▁once , ▁on ▁October ▁ 7 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Mon k . ▁ ▁The ▁original ▁stere o ▁LP ▁referred ▁to ▁the ▁song ▁as ▁“ That ▁Old ▁Man ” ▁on ▁both ▁the |
▁jacket ▁and ▁the ▁label , ▁but ▁the ▁mon o ▁LP ▁listed ▁the ▁song ▁as ▁“ That ▁Old ▁Man ” ▁on ▁the ▁jacket ▁and ▁“ Children ’ s ▁Song ” ▁on ▁the ▁label , ▁as ▁have ▁later ▁re issues ▁of ▁the ▁stere o ▁LP . ▁ ▁A ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁European ▁LP ▁listed ▁it ▁as ▁simply ▁“ Children ’ s ▁Song ,” ▁but ▁it ▁has ▁generally ▁been ▁known ▁as ▁“ Children ’ s ▁Song ▁( That ▁Old ▁Man ) ” ▁since ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 2 ▁CD ▁issue . ▁ ▁Com ing ▁on ▁the ▁Hudson ▁A ▁ 1 9 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB - form ▁that ▁Mon k ▁wrote ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁during ▁his ▁stay ▁at ▁P annon ica ▁de ▁K oen ig sw arter ' s ▁house ▁at ▁We eh aw ken , ▁New ▁Jersey , ▁where ▁the ▁house ▁had ▁a ▁good ▁view ▁of ▁the ▁Hudson ▁River . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁February ▁ 2 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁with ▁Clark ▁Terry , ▁Johnny ▁Griff in ▁and ▁P epper ▁Adams ▁with ▁Mon k ' s ▁rhythm ▁section . ▁This ▁performance ▁currently ▁appears ▁on ▁Mon k ' s ▁Complete ▁Rivers ide ▁Record ings , ▁though ▁it ▁first ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 4 ▁r ar ities ▁compilation ▁Blues ▁Five ▁Spot . ▁A ▁live ▁version ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 5 8 ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁in ▁Action : ▁Record ed ▁at ▁the ▁Five ▁Spot ▁Ca fe , ▁and |
▁it ▁was ▁later ▁recorded ▁in ▁studio ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Cr iss - Cross . ▁ ▁C rep usc ule ▁with ▁N ell ie ▁A ▁through - com posed ▁tune ▁that ▁is ▁played ▁without ▁sol os . ▁Mon k ▁composed ▁the ▁tune ▁throughout ▁May ▁ 1 9 5 7 . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁originally ▁titled ▁" Tw il ight ▁with ▁N ell ie ", ▁but ▁P annon ica ▁de ▁K oen ig sw arter ▁suggested ▁instead ▁to ▁use ▁the ▁French ▁word ▁for ▁tw il ight , ▁which ▁is ▁cre p usc ule . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁with ▁Mon k ' s ▁sept et ▁for ▁Mon k ' s ▁Music ; ▁on ▁that ▁album ▁( and ▁on ▁many ▁of ▁its ▁re issues ), ▁" C rep usc ule " ▁was ▁sp elled ▁" C re pes cule " ▁( 3 ▁e ''' s , ▁ 1 ▁u ). ▁ ▁The ▁tune ▁also ▁appears ▁on ▁Les ▁L ia isons ▁d ang ere uses ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁Cr iss - Cross ., ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁live ▁albums ▁from ▁Car ne gie ▁Hall , ▁Town ▁Hall , ▁France ▁and ▁Italy . ▁ ▁Cr iss - Cross ▁" Cr iss - Cross " ▁( origin ally ▁titled ▁" S ail or ▁Cap ") ▁was ▁one ▁Mon k ' s ▁very ▁first ▁compos itions , ▁he ▁wrote ▁early ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁as ▁response ▁to ▁a ▁collabor ative ▁project ▁between ▁Mon k , ▁Mary ▁Lou ▁Williams , ▁and ▁Bud ▁Pow ell . ▁It |
▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions , ▁and ▁was ▁later ▁featured ▁on ▁the ▁ 1 9 6 4 ▁album ▁of ▁the ▁same ▁name . ▁On ▁the ▁first ▁version , ▁the ▁tune ▁is ▁in ▁a ▁standard ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁A AB A - form , ▁but ▁in ▁the ▁last ▁version , ▁the ▁two ▁last ▁bars ▁of ▁the ▁B - section ▁are ▁dropped . ▁ ▁The ▁tune ▁inspired ▁Gun ther ▁Sch ull er ▁to ▁comp ose ▁variations ▁on ▁Cr iss - Cross , ▁which ▁premier ed ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 7 , ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁and ▁was ▁later ▁released ▁on ▁Jazz ▁Ab stra ctions , ▁featuring ▁Or net te ▁Cole man ▁and ▁Eric ▁Dol phy ▁as ▁solo ists . ▁ ▁E ▁Ep istro phy ▁" E p istro phy " ▁( init ially ▁called ▁" F ly ▁R ite " ▁or ▁" I amb ic ▁pent am eter ") ▁was ▁co - written ▁with ▁Ken ny ▁Clar ke , ▁and ▁was ▁copyright ed ▁on ▁June ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 1 , ▁and ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁tune ▁copyright ed ▁by ▁Mon k . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁relatively ▁at onal ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁ABC B - form , ▁though ▁the ▁key ▁center ▁is ▁C . ▁ ▁The ▁main ▁melod ic ▁theme ▁was ▁composed ▁by ▁Clar ke , ▁after ▁experiment ing ▁with ▁finger ings ▁on ▁the ▁uk ule le |
, ▁and ▁the ▁ch ords ▁where ▁written ▁by ▁Mon k . ▁The ▁title ▁" E p istro phy " ▁is ▁not ▁a ▁word ▁in ▁any ▁dictionary . ▁However , ▁the ▁word ▁" ep ist rop he " ▁is ▁defined ▁by ▁Mer ri am - Web ster ▁as ▁" the ▁repet ition ▁of ▁a ▁word ▁or ▁expression ▁at ▁the ▁end ▁of ▁success ive ▁phrases , ▁cl auses , ▁sentences , ▁or ▁vers es ▁especially ▁for ▁rhet or ical ▁or ▁poet ic ▁effect ". ▁ ▁The ▁tune ▁appears ▁on ▁almost ▁every ▁single ▁live ▁album ▁by ▁Mon k , ▁as ▁it ▁was ▁the ▁closing ▁tune ▁of ▁each ▁set ▁from ▁Mon k ' s ▁days ▁at ▁M inton ' s ▁Play house ▁on wards . ▁The ▁first ▁recording ▁was ▁by ▁C oot ie ▁Williams ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 4 2 , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁later ▁recorded ▁by ▁Clar ke ' s ▁band ▁on ▁September ▁ 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁It ▁was ▁not ▁recorded ▁by ▁Mon k ▁before ▁July ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁for ▁the ▁W izard ▁of ▁the ▁V ib es ▁sessions , ▁featuring ▁M ilt ▁Jackson . ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁recorded ▁for ▁Mon k ' s ▁Music ▁and ▁was ▁an ▁out take ▁from ▁the ▁It ' s ▁Mon k ' s ▁Time ▁sessions . ▁ ▁E ron el ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁originally ▁composed ▁by ▁Sad ik ▁H ak im , ▁co - written |
▁with ▁Id rees ▁Sul iem an . ▁It ▁was ▁recorded ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁However , ▁Mon k ▁repeatedly ▁changed ▁notes ▁and ▁the ▁ch ords ▁to ▁the ▁tune ▁and ▁added ▁the ▁B - section , ▁eventually ▁making ▁it ▁" his " ▁tune . ▁H ak im ▁originally ▁wrote ▁the ▁tune ▁in ▁ded ication ▁to ▁an ▁old ▁flame ▁of ▁H ak im , ▁Len ore ▁Gordon ▁( E ron el ▁is ▁Len ore ▁backwards ). ▁When ▁the ▁recording ▁was ▁released , ▁it ▁was ▁only ▁cred ited ▁to ▁Mon k ▁– ▁H ak im ▁and ▁Sul iem an ▁did ▁not ▁receive ▁the ▁composer ' s ▁credit ▁until ▁Mon k ' s ▁death . ▁It ▁later ▁appeared ▁on ▁P iano ▁S olo , ▁and ▁on ▁Cr iss - Cross . ▁ ▁Ev idence ▁A ▁contra fact ▁of ▁" Just ▁You , ▁Just ▁Me ". ▁The ▁title ▁is ▁a ▁corruption ▁from ▁" Just ▁You , ▁Just ▁Me " ▁to ▁" Just ▁Us " ▁to ▁" Just ice " ▁to ▁the ▁final ▁title ▁" Ev idence ". ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁for ▁the ▁W izard ▁of ▁the ▁V ib es ▁sessions , ▁featuring ▁M ilt ▁Jackson , ▁later ▁on ▁P iano ▁S olo , ▁and ▁on ▁Art ▁Blake y ' s ▁Jazz ▁Mess engers ▁with ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k . ▁The ▁mel ody ▁and ▁ch ord ▁progress ion |
▁of ▁the ▁tune ▁continued ▁to ▁ev olve , ▁finally ▁g elling ▁into ▁a ▁" def init ive " ▁form ▁in ▁later ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁as ▁heard ▁on ▁at ▁Car ne gie ▁Hall ▁and ▁The lon ious ▁in ▁Action . ▁Live ▁versions ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁recorded ▁at ▁Car ne gie ▁Hall , ▁Five ▁Spot , ▁Black h awk , ▁Tokyo , ▁Lincoln ▁Center , ▁It ▁Club ▁and ▁the ▁Jazz ▁Work shop . ▁ ▁F ▁Four ▁in ▁One ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁not orious ▁for ▁its ▁many ▁ 1 6 th ▁notes . ▁A ▁contra fact ▁of ▁" F ive ▁Foot ▁Two ", ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 1 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁It ▁later ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁live ▁albums ▁recorded ▁at ▁the ▁Black h awk ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁Lincoln ▁Center . ▁ ▁Friday ▁the ▁ 1 3 th ▁A ▁ 4 - bar ▁tune ▁built ▁on ▁an ▁emb ell ished ▁And al us ian ▁cad ence ▁in ▁G . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁written ▁and ▁recorded ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 3 . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁partly ▁inspired ▁by ▁trump eter ▁Ray ▁Cop eland ▁having ▁the ▁flu ▁on ▁the ▁recording ▁date , ▁and ▁horn ▁player ▁Jul ius ▁Wat kins ▁stepped ▁in ▁instead . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁later ▁released ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁and ▁Son ny |
▁Roll ins . ▁The ▁tune ▁later ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁live ▁album ▁The ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁Orchestra ▁at ▁Town ▁Hall . ▁ ▁Function al ▁A ▁ 1 2 - bar ▁blues ▁recorded ▁solo ▁on ▁April ▁ 1 6 , ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Him self . ▁The ▁second ▁take ▁was ▁released ▁on ▁The lon ious ▁Him self , ▁while ▁the ▁first ▁take ▁was ▁later ▁used ▁in ▁comp iling ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁with ▁John ▁Col tr ane . ▁ ▁G ▁Gall op ' s ▁Gall op ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁with ▁a ▁not or iously ▁difficult ▁mel ody . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁G igi ▁G ry ce ▁with ▁Mon k ▁as ▁a ▁sid eman ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 5 ▁for ▁G ry ce ' s ▁album ▁N ica ' s ▁Tem po , ▁and ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁live ▁album ▁Live ▁at ▁the ▁It ▁Club . ▁ ▁Green ▁Ch im neys ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A BA - form ▁that ▁Mon k ▁wrote ▁between ▁December ▁ 1 9 6 5 – Jan uary ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁in ▁ded ication ▁to ▁his ▁children ▁who ▁went ▁to ▁school ▁at ▁that ▁point . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 6 6 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Stra ight , ▁No ▁Ch aser , ▁and ▁later |
▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Under ground . ▁ ▁H ▁H ack ens ack ▁A ▁contra fact ▁of ▁” Oh , ▁Lady ▁Be ▁Good !” ▁that ▁was ▁first ▁" st olen " ▁by ▁Mary ▁Lou ▁Williams ▁and ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁by ▁her ▁band . ▁Cole man ▁Haw kins ▁later ▁claimed ▁ownership ▁of ▁the ▁tune ▁and ▁recorded ▁it ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁" R if ft ide " ▁and ▁recorded ▁it ▁February ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁It ▁was ▁not ▁recorded ▁by ▁Mon k ▁until ▁May ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁and ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Mon k . ▁It ▁quickly ▁became ▁a ▁st ap le ▁of ▁Mon k ' s ▁re per toire , ▁and ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁P iano ▁S olo , ▁and ▁on ▁Cr iss - Cross . ▁It ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁live ▁albums ▁recorded ▁at ▁New port ▁with ▁Miles ▁Davis ▁and ▁Ger ry ▁Mull igan ▁( 1 9 5 5 ), ▁France , ▁Tokyo , ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁Jazz ▁Work shop . ▁ ▁Horn in ' ▁In ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁in ▁D ▁that ▁was ▁only ▁recorded ▁once , ▁on ▁May ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁ ▁H umph ▁A ▁contra fact ▁of ▁” I ▁Got ▁R hythm ” ▁that ▁was ▁the ▁very ▁first ▁tune ▁Mon |
k ▁recorded ▁as ▁a ▁leader . ▁During ▁the ▁head , ▁the ▁first ▁four ▁bars ▁of ▁the ▁A - section ▁are ▁replaced ▁with ▁cycl ing ▁domin ants , ▁that ▁start ▁on ▁F 7 , ▁before ▁landing ▁on ▁the ▁ton ic ▁B ▁in ▁bar ▁ 5 . ▁The ▁cycl ing ▁domin ants ▁became ▁a ▁cl ich é ▁that ▁Mon k ▁would ▁always ▁play ▁on ▁other ▁R hythm ▁changes ▁t unes . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁only ▁recorded ▁only ▁once , ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁ ▁I ▁I ▁Mean ▁You ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ▁Mon k ▁co - w rote ▁with ▁Cole man ▁Haw kins , ▁and ▁Haw kins ▁was ▁the ▁first ▁to ▁record ▁the ▁tune ▁in ▁December , ▁ 1 9 4 6 . ▁The ▁first ▁recording ▁by ▁Mon k ▁was ▁recorded ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁for ▁the ▁W izard ▁of ▁the ▁V ib es ▁sessions , ▁featuring ▁M ilt ▁Jackson . ▁The ▁tune ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁Art ▁Blake y ' s ▁Jazz ▁Mess engers ▁with ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k , ▁Mull igan ▁Me ets ▁Mon k , ▁and ▁on ▁ 5 ▁by ▁Mon k ▁by ▁ 5 . ▁Live ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁tune ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁recorded ▁on ▁Five ▁Spot , ▁Live ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁tune ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁recorded ▁in ▁France ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁Lincoln ▁Center . |
▁Both ▁Ch aka ▁Khan ▁and ▁Jon ▁Hend r icks ▁have ▁written ▁lyrics ▁to ▁tune . ▁Khan ' s ▁lyrics ▁first ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁E cho es ▁of ▁an ▁Era . ▁Hend r icks ▁re - t itled ▁the ▁tune ▁” You ▁Know ▁Who ”, ▁and ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁Carm en ▁Mc R ae ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Carm en ▁S ings ▁Mon k . ▁ ▁In ▁Walk ed ▁Bud ▁ ▁" In ▁Walk ed ▁Bud " ▁was ▁based ▁lo os ely ▁on ▁the ▁ch ord ▁progress ion ▁of ▁Blue ▁Sk ies , ▁an ▁early ▁pop ▁standard ▁composed ▁in ▁ 1 9 2 7 ▁by ▁Ir ving ▁Berlin . ▁Mon k ▁composed ▁" In ▁Walk ed ▁Bud " ▁as ▁a ▁t ribute ▁to ▁friend ▁and ▁fellow ▁jazz ▁pian ist ▁Bud ▁Pow ell , ▁and ▁many ▁bi ograph ies ▁of ▁Pow ell ▁have ▁since ▁cited ▁it ▁as ▁Mon k ' s ▁gratitude ▁for ▁Pow ell ' s ▁actions ▁in ▁his ▁defense ▁during ▁a ▁police ▁raid ▁of ▁the ▁Sav oy ▁Ball room ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 5 . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁Mon k ▁on ▁November ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁also ▁recorded ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Art ▁Blake y ' s ▁Jazz ▁Mess engers ▁with ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k . ▁Live ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁tune ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁live ▁albums ▁Dis covery ! , ▁M ister ioso ▁and ▁on ▁The ▁The lon ious ▁Mon |
k ▁Orchestra ▁at ▁Town ▁Hall . ▁The ▁last ▁recording ▁by ▁Mon k ▁was ▁for ▁his ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁record ▁Under ground , ▁featuring ▁lyrics ▁and ▁vocals ▁by ▁Jon ▁Hend r icks . ▁The ▁song ▁has ▁since ▁been ▁covered ▁by ▁numerous ▁artists . ▁ ▁Int ros pection ▁A ▁ 3 6 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁( 8 - 8 - 8 - 1 2 ). ▁It ▁that ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁It ▁was ▁also ▁later ▁recorded ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁S olo ▁Mon k . ▁ ▁The ▁tune ▁is ▁notable ▁for ▁its ▁radical ▁ch ord ▁progress ions ▁and ▁form , ▁as ▁it ▁is ▁border line ▁at onal . ▁In ▁most ▁jazz ▁standards , ▁the ▁A - section ▁is ▁used ▁to ▁establish ▁the ▁key , ▁while ▁the ▁B - section ▁has ▁ton al ▁ex curs ions , ▁but ▁in ▁" Int ros pection ", ▁the ▁roles ▁of ▁the ▁sections ▁are ▁revers ed . ▁The ▁A - section ▁doesn ' t ▁land ▁on ▁a ▁stable ▁ch ord ▁until ▁bar ▁ 6 ▁where ▁it ▁lands ▁on ▁D Δ 7 , ▁but ▁the ▁B - section ▁estab l ishes ▁D Δ 7 ▁as ▁a ▁new ▁key ▁center . ▁The ▁last ▁extended ▁A - section ▁finally ▁lands ▁on ▁D Δ 7 ▁in ▁the ▁ 4 - bar ▁c oda . ▁ ▁J ▁Jackie - ing ▁A ▁through - com posed ▁ 1 6 |
- bar ▁tune ▁in ▁the ▁B ▁l yd ian ▁mode , ▁that ▁Mon k ▁named ▁after ▁his ▁nie ce , ▁Jackie ▁Smith . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁June ▁ 4 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁ 5 ▁by ▁Mon k ▁by ▁ 5 . ▁The ▁tune ' s ▁march - like ▁feeling ▁made ▁it ▁the ▁opening ▁theme ▁for ▁many ▁of ▁Mon k ' s ▁conc erts . ▁It ▁also ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁live ▁albums ▁from ▁Italy , ▁France ▁and ▁Tokyo . ▁ ▁L ▁Let ' s ▁Call ▁This ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ' s ▁very ▁similar ▁to ▁the ▁changes ▁to ▁" H one ys uck le ▁Rose ". ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 3 , ▁and ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Mon k . ▁It ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁live ▁album ▁recorded ▁at ▁the ▁Black h awk . ▁M argo ▁G ury an ▁also ▁wrote ▁lyrics ▁for ▁the ▁tune . ▁ ▁Let ' s ▁Cool ▁One ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁May ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁recorded ▁with ▁Clark ▁Terry ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁In ▁Or bit , ▁and ▁appears ▁on ▁M ister ioso , ▁and ▁Mon k ' s ▁Blues . ▁M argo ▁G ury an ▁also ▁wrote |
▁lyrics ▁for ▁the ▁tune . ▁ ▁Light ▁Blue ▁An ▁ 8 - bar ▁tune ▁that ▁was ▁composed ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁and ▁first ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁live ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁in ▁Action . ▁It ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁Les ▁L ia isons ▁d ang ere uses ▁ 1 9 6 0 ▁and ▁on ▁Big ▁Band ▁and ▁Qu art et ▁in ▁Con cert . ▁ ▁Little ▁Root ie ▁T oot ie ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁in ▁A , ▁that ▁was ▁written ▁around ▁ 1 9 4 3 – 1 9 4 4 , ▁and ▁was ▁originally ▁called ▁" The ▁P ump ". ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁ret itled ▁" L ittle ▁Root ie ▁T oot ie " ▁in ▁ded ication ▁to ▁Mon k ' s ▁son , ▁" T oot " ▁Mon k , ▁and ▁first ▁recorded ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁T rio . ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁recorded ▁with ▁Mon k ' s ▁big ▁band ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁The ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁Orchestra ▁at ▁Town ▁Hall , ▁where ▁Mon k ' s ▁solo ▁from ▁the ▁first ▁played ▁as ▁a ▁shout ▁ch orus ▁by ▁the ▁horn s ▁in ▁the ▁big ▁band . ▁It ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁Mon k ' s ▁Blues . ▁ ▁Loc omot ive ▁A ▁ 2 0 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A BA - form ▁( 8 - 8 - 4 ) ▁that |
▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁and ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Mon k . ▁It ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Stra ight , ▁No ▁Ch aser . ▁ ▁M ▁A ▁Mer rier ▁Christmas ▁A ▁Christmas ▁tune ▁that ▁Mon k ▁composed ▁in ▁the ▁holiday ▁of ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁with ▁lyrics , ▁that ▁was ▁never ▁recorded . ▁It ▁was ▁supposed ▁to ▁be ▁recorded ▁for ▁the ▁Under ground ▁sessions , ▁but ▁was ▁never ▁ultimately ▁recorded ▁due ▁to ▁Mon k ' s ▁failing ▁health . ▁ ▁M ister ioso ▁" M ister ioso " ▁was ▁the ▁very ▁first ▁ 1 2 - bar ▁blues ▁that ▁Mon k ▁wrote , ▁and ▁it ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁July ▁ 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 8 , ▁for ▁the ▁W izard ▁of ▁the ▁V ib es ▁sessions , ▁featuring ▁M ilt ▁Jackson . ▁The ▁tune ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁Son ny ▁Roll ins , ▁Vol . ▁ 2 , ▁M ister ioso , ▁Big ▁Band ▁and ▁Qu art et ▁in ▁Con cert , ▁Live ▁at ▁the ▁It ▁Club ▁and ▁Live ▁at ▁the ▁Jazz ▁Work shop . ▁ ▁Mon k ' s ▁Dream ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form , ▁and ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 ▁and ▁written ▁around ▁the ▁same ▁time . ▁It ▁first ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁T rio . ▁It ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Mon k |
' s ▁Dream . ▁Jon ▁Hend r icks ▁later ▁wrote ▁lyrics ▁to ▁the ▁tune , ▁and ▁ret itled ▁it ▁" Man , ▁That ▁Was ▁a ▁Dream ", ▁and ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁Carm en ▁Mc R ae ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Carm en ▁S ings ▁Mon k . ▁ ▁Mon k ' s ▁M ood ▁A ▁ball ad ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ▁was ▁written ▁around ▁ 1 9 4 3 – 1 9 4 4 , ▁and ▁went ▁through ▁many ▁working ▁titles , ▁including ▁" Fe eling ▁That ▁Way ▁Now ", ▁and ▁" Be ▁Mer rier ▁Sarah ", ▁until ▁Mon k ▁settled ▁for ▁the ▁title ▁" Mon k ' s ▁M ood ". ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁The ▁tune ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁The lon ious ▁Him self , ▁featuring ▁John ▁Col tr ane ▁and ▁Wil bur ▁W are . ▁It ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁live ▁albums ▁from ▁Car ne gie ▁Hall ▁and ▁Town ▁Hall . ▁ ▁Mon k ' s ▁Point ▁A ▁ 1 2 - bar ▁blues ▁in ▁B , ▁described ▁as ▁Mon k ' s ▁" hom age ▁to ▁the ▁bent ▁note ", ▁it ▁first ▁appeared ▁on ▁S olo ▁Mon k , ▁then ▁a ▁second ▁( and ▁final ) ▁time ▁on ▁Mon k ' s ▁Blues ▁with ▁the ▁Oliver ▁Nelson ▁Orchestra . ▁ ▁N ▁North ▁of ▁the ▁Sun set ▁A ▁ 1 2 - bar ▁blues ▁in ▁B |
▁built ▁on ▁a ▁short ▁r iff ▁similar ▁to ▁one ▁later ▁used ▁in ▁" R aise ▁Four ". ▁It ▁was ▁only ▁recorded ▁once , ▁in ▁the ▁afternoon ▁session ▁on ▁October ▁ 3 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁S olo ▁Mon k . ▁The ▁recording ▁session ▁was ▁in ▁Los ▁Angeles ▁during ▁a ▁West ▁Coast ▁tour ▁by ▁the ▁quart et , ▁suggesting ▁that ▁the ▁title ▁probably ▁to ▁Sun set ▁Bou lev ard . ▁ ▁Nut ty ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁in ▁B ▁that ▁written ▁in ▁the ▁studio ▁and ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁T rio . ▁The ▁tune ▁is ▁structured ▁like ▁" B em sha ▁Sw ing " ▁and ▁" Good ▁B ait ", ▁in ▁that ▁in ▁their ▁respective ▁B - sections , ▁that ▁A - part ▁is ▁trans posed ▁to ▁the ▁sub domin ant ▁to ▁create ▁B - section . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁recorded ▁again ▁July ▁ 1 9 5 7 ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁with ▁John ▁Col tr ane . ▁Live ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁tune ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁from ▁Car ne gie ▁Hall ▁and ▁the ▁Five ▁Spot . ▁M argo ▁G ury an ▁also ▁wrote ▁lyrics ▁for ▁the ▁tune . ▁ ▁O ▁Off ▁Minor ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ▁is ▁not or iously ▁difficult ▁to ▁play . ▁The |
▁tune ▁was ▁first ▁titled ▁" What ▁Now ", ▁and ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁A - section ▁was ▁borrow ed ▁from ▁El mo ▁Hope . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁January ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁by ▁Bud ▁Pow ell ▁and ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Bud ▁Pow ell ▁T rio . ▁Mon k ▁later ▁recorded ▁the ▁tune ▁the ▁same ▁year ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 4 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁The ▁tune ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁P iano ▁S olo , ▁Mon k ' s ▁Music , ▁The ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁Orchestra ▁at ▁Town ▁Hall , ▁and ▁on ▁Mon k ▁in ▁France . ▁ ▁O ska ▁T . ▁An ▁ 8 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A ▁that ▁only ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Big ▁Band ▁and ▁Qu art et ▁in ▁Con cert . ▁Two ▁un related ▁explan ations ▁have ▁been ▁reported ▁regarding ▁the ▁origin ▁of ▁the ▁title . ▁The ▁pl aus ible ▁explanation ▁is ▁that ▁the ▁title ▁is ▁a ▁reference ▁to ▁the ▁radio ▁personality ▁and ▁jazz ▁broad c aster ▁Oscar ▁T read well ▁( after ▁whom ▁Charlie ▁Parker ▁named ▁a ▁different ▁jazz ▁composition , ▁" An ▁Oscar ▁for ▁T read well "). ▁The ▁other ▁explanation ▁is ▁that ▁title ▁is ▁a ▁corruption ▁of ▁the ▁British ▁English ▁pron unci ation ▁of ▁" ask ▁for ▁tea ". ▁Eth an ▁I vers on ▁spec ulates ▁that ▁this ▁tune ▁was ▁Mon k ' s ▁response ▁to ▁the ▁modal ▁jazz ▁movement , ▁as ▁the ▁tune ▁is ▁mostly ▁lies ▁on |
▁one ▁ch ord . ▁ ▁P ▁P annon ica ▁A ▁ 3 3 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁( 8 - 8 - 8 - 9 ) ▁that ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁Mon k ' s ▁most ▁popular ▁ball ads . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁written ▁around ▁the ▁summer ▁of ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁and ▁was ▁dedicated ▁to ▁P annon ica ▁de ▁K oen ig sw arter . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁October ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 5 6 , ▁for ▁Br ill iant ▁Corn ers . ▁The ▁tune ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁Les ▁L ia isons ▁d ang ere uses ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁The lon ious ▁Al one ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁Cr iss - Cross , ▁Mon k ▁in ▁Tokyo , ▁Mon k . ▁Jon ▁Hend r icks ▁wrote ▁lyrics ▁to ▁tune ▁and ▁called ▁it ▁” L ittle ▁Butter fly ”, ▁and ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁Carm en ▁Mc R ae ▁on ▁Carm en ▁S ings ▁Mon k . ▁ ▁Play ed ▁Tw ice ▁A ▁ 1 6 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 9 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁ 5 ▁by ▁Mon k ▁by ▁ 5 . ▁The ▁B - section ▁rhythm ically ▁displ aces ▁the ▁concl uding ▁phrase ▁from ▁the ▁preced ing ▁A - section . ▁ ▁It ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Big ▁Band ▁and ▁Qu art et ▁in ▁Con |
cert . ▁ ▁R ▁R aise ▁Four ▁A ▁ 1 2 - bar ▁blues ▁in ▁B ▁featuring ▁a ▁one - bar ▁r iff ▁built ▁on ▁the ▁interval ▁of ▁a ▁raised ▁fourth ▁( or ▁augment ed ▁fourth ), ▁also ▁known ▁as ▁a ▁fl atted ▁fifth ▁or ▁tr it one . ▁It ▁was ▁only ▁recorded ▁once , ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 4 , ▁ 1 9 6 8 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Under ground . ▁ ▁Ref lections ▁A ▁popular ▁ball ad ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁T rio . ▁The ▁tile ▁was ▁given ▁by ▁Ira ▁Git ler , ▁who ▁was ▁the ▁producer ▁for ▁the ▁session . ▁The ▁tune ▁also ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁P iano ▁S olo ▁as ▁" Port rait ▁of ▁an ▁E rm ite ", ▁Son ny ▁Roll ins , ▁Vol . ▁ 2 , ▁The lon ious ▁Al one ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁and ▁on ▁Mon k ' s ▁Blues . ▁ ▁According ▁to ▁Gary ▁G idd ins ▁it ▁is ▁" class ic , ▁parad ox ical ▁Mon k , ▁beautiful ▁and ▁memorable ▁yet ▁a ▁mine field ▁of ▁odd ▁intervals , ▁each ▁essential ▁to ▁its ▁br icks - and - m ort ar ▁structure ". ▁In ▁the ▁ 1 9 8 0 s , ▁Jon ▁Hend r icks ▁wrote ▁lyrics ▁for ▁the ▁song ▁for ▁Carm en ▁Mc R ae , ▁who ▁released ▁it ▁on ▁her ▁album |
▁Carm en ▁S ings ▁Mon k ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁" Look ing ▁Back ". ▁D ian ne ▁Re eves ▁sang ▁the ▁tune ▁on ▁her ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁album ▁A ▁Little ▁Moon light . ▁ ▁R hythm - A - N ing ▁A ▁tune ▁that ' s ▁based ▁on ▁rhythm ▁changes ▁in ▁B , ▁and ▁was ▁one ▁of ▁Mon k ' s ▁st ap le ▁t unes . ▁" R hythm - A - N ing " ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Art ▁Blake y ' s ▁Jazz ▁Mess engers ▁with ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k , ▁and ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁Mull igan ▁Me ets ▁Mon k , ▁Les ▁L ia isons ▁d ang ere uses ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁and ▁on ▁Cr iss - Cross . ▁It ▁also ▁appears ▁on ▁almost ▁every ▁single ▁live ▁album ▁recorded ▁by ▁Mon k ▁since ▁ 1 9 5 8 , ▁starting ▁with ▁The lon ious ▁in ▁Action . ▁ ▁The ▁A ▁section ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁multiple ▁record ings ▁of ▁Mon k ' s ▁friends ▁on ▁record ings ▁from ▁the ▁ 1 9 3 0 s ▁to ▁ 1 9 4 0 s . ▁The ▁theme ▁is ▁found ▁in ▁Mary ▁Lou ▁Williams ' ▁arrangement ▁of ▁Walk ing ▁and ▁Sw inging ▁ ▁( with ▁Andy ▁Kirk , ▁ 1 9 3 6 ), ▁and ▁on ▁boot leg ▁record ings ▁of ▁Charlie ▁Christian ' s ▁tune ▁" Me et ▁Dr . ▁Christian ", |
▁recorded ▁at ▁M inton ' s ▁Play house . ▁Mon k ▁and ▁Williams ▁were ▁close ▁friends . ▁Jon ▁Hend r icks ▁added ▁lyrics ▁to ▁the ▁tune , ▁ret it ling ▁it ▁Listen ▁to ▁Mon k ▁and ▁it ▁appears ▁on ▁Carm en ▁Mc R ae ' s ▁album ▁Carm en ▁S ings ▁Mon k . ▁ ▁The ▁piece ▁has ▁since ▁appeared ▁on ▁dozens ▁of ▁Mon k ' s ▁releases , ▁as ▁well ▁as ▁being ▁covered ▁by ▁musicians ▁such ▁as ▁D ex ter ▁Gordon , ▁Ken ny ▁Bar ron , ▁and ▁Ch ick ▁Core a . ▁ ▁Round ▁L ights ▁ ▁A ▁impro vised ▁blues ▁in ▁B ▁recorded ▁in ▁October ▁ 1 9 5 9 ▁for ▁The lon ious ▁Al one ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco . ▁ ▁The ▁album ' s ▁l iner ▁notes ▁claim ▁the ▁title ▁is ▁" in ▁honor ▁of " ▁the ▁" anc ient , ▁or nate ▁ch and el iers " ▁in ▁F ug azi ▁Hall , ▁where ▁the ▁album ▁was ▁recorded . ▁ ▁' Round ▁Mid night ▁ ▁"' Round ▁Mid night " ▁is ▁Mon k ' s ▁most ▁recorded ▁tune , ▁and ▁the ▁world ' s ▁most ▁recorded ▁standard ▁by ▁a ▁jazz ▁musician . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁August ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 4 4 , ▁by ▁C oot ie ▁Williams , ▁after ▁his ▁pian ist ▁and ▁Mon k ' s ▁good ▁friend , ▁Bud ▁Pow ell , ▁persu aded ▁Williams ▁to ▁record ▁the ▁tune . ▁The ▁song ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁Mon k ▁on |
▁November ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions ▁( t itled ▁as ▁"' Round ▁About ▁Mid night "), ▁and ▁appears ▁on ▁many ▁of ▁his ▁live ▁albums . ▁ ▁Ruby , ▁My ▁Dear ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁ball ad ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ▁Mon k ▁composed ▁around ▁ 1 9 4 5 , ▁and ▁first ▁titled ▁" Man hattan ▁M ood s ". ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁later ▁ret itled ▁" R ub y , ▁My ▁Dear " ▁after ▁Rub ie ▁Richard son , ▁Mon k ' s ▁first ▁love ▁and ▁his ▁older ▁sister ▁Mar ion ' s ▁best ▁friend . ▁It ▁was ▁however ▁not ▁for ▁nost alg ic ▁reasons , ▁but ▁because ▁the ▁first ▁phrase ▁of ▁the ▁tune ▁fit ▁with ▁the ▁new ▁title . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁The ▁tune ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁Mon k ' s ▁Music , ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁with ▁John ▁Col tr ane , ▁The lon ious ▁Al one ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco , ▁and ▁on ▁S olo ▁Mon k . ▁ ▁L yrics ▁were ▁written ▁by ▁Sally ▁Sw isher ▁and ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁by ▁Carm en ▁Mc R ae ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁her ▁studio ▁album ▁Carm en ▁S ings ▁Mon k . ▁For ▁copyright ▁reasons , ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁renamed ▁" D ear ▁Ruby |
". ▁ ▁S ▁ ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Hol iday ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ▁Mon k ▁composed ▁on ▁New ▁Year ' s ▁Eve ▁ 1 9 5 9 . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁initially ▁titled ▁" Class ified ▁Information ", ▁but ▁he ▁opt ed ▁to ▁ret itle ▁it ▁as ▁" W orry ▁Later ", ▁when ▁recording ▁it ▁for ▁the ▁first ▁time ▁on ▁April ▁ 2 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 0 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁at ▁the ▁Black h awk . ▁When ▁it ▁appeared ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Mon k ▁in ▁Italy , ▁it ▁finally ▁appeared ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁" San ▁Francisco ▁Hol iday ", ▁which ▁Mon k ▁named ▁after ▁his ▁family ' s ▁long ▁stay ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco . ▁M argo ▁G ury an ▁also ▁wrote ▁lyrics ▁for ▁the ▁tune . ▁ ▁Sh uffle ▁Bo il ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form , ▁with ▁an ▁unusual ▁bass ▁ost in ato . ▁The ▁title ▁is ▁a ▁corruption ▁of ▁" sh uffle ▁ball ", ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁move ▁commonly ▁used ▁in ▁tap ▁dance . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁G igi ▁G ry ce ▁with ▁Mon k ▁as ▁a ▁sid eman ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 5 5 , ▁for ▁G ry ce ' s ▁album ▁N ica ' s ▁Tem po , ▁and ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁It ' s ▁Mon k ' s ▁Time . ▁ ▁Six teen ▁A ▁ |
1 6 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form , ▁and ▁the ▁title ▁is ▁from ▁the ▁tune ' s ▁number ▁of ▁bars . ▁Its ▁only ▁recording ▁was ▁done ▁May ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions , ▁but ▁was ▁not ▁released ▁officially ▁until ▁M osa ic ▁Records ▁released ▁their ▁compilation ▁of ▁Mon k ' s ▁Blue ▁Note ▁sessions . ▁ ▁Skip py ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁AB AC - form , ▁and ▁is ▁based ▁entirely ▁on ▁cycl ing ▁dominant ▁ch ords ▁( or ▁their ▁tr it one ▁subst itut ions ). ▁The ▁tune ' s ▁ton ality ▁is ▁completely ▁hidden ▁until ▁the ▁last ▁ 4 ▁bars ▁clearly ▁establish ▁A - major . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁named ▁after ▁N ell ie ▁Mon k ' s ▁sister , ▁whose ▁real ▁name ▁was ▁Ev ely n . ▁Its ▁only ▁recording ▁was ▁done ▁on ▁May ▁ 3 0 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions , ▁but ▁it ▁has ▁since ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 0 s ▁became ▁a ▁popular ▁tune , ▁with ▁many ▁cover ▁versions . ▁It ▁is ▁commonly ▁agreed ▁that ▁the ▁" Skip py " ' s ▁changes ▁are ▁based ▁on ▁Mon k ' s ▁re harm on ization ▁of ▁" Te a ▁for ▁Two " ▁( which ▁he ▁would ▁later ▁record ▁on ▁The ▁Un ique ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k , ▁and ▁on ▁Cr iss - Cross , ) |
▁but ▁Eth an ▁I vers on ▁arg ues ▁that ▁Mon k ▁composed ▁" Skip py ", ▁then ▁applied ▁the ▁changes ▁to ▁" Te a ▁for ▁Two ". ▁ ▁Something ▁in ▁Blue ▁A ▁ 1 2 - bar ▁blues ▁in ▁B . ▁It ▁was ▁only ▁recorded ▁once , ▁at ▁the ▁mar athon ▁Black ▁Lion ▁Records ▁session ▁of ▁November ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 7 1 . ▁ ▁Stra ight , ▁No ▁Ch aser ▁A ▁ 1 2 - bar ▁blues ▁in ▁B ▁which , ▁as ▁in ▁" Blue ▁Mon k ", ▁makes ▁creative ▁use ▁of ▁chrom at ics ▁in ▁the ▁mel ody . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁July ▁ 2 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 1 ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions , ▁and ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁Mull igan ▁Me ets ▁Mon k , ▁ 5 ▁by ▁Mon k ▁by ▁ 5 , ▁Stra ight , ▁No ▁Ch aser , ▁and ▁on ▁Mon k ' s ▁Blues . ▁Live ▁versions ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁recorded ▁in ▁Italy , ▁Tokyo , ▁It ▁Club ▁and ▁at ▁the ▁Jazz ▁Work shop . ▁ ▁Miles ▁Davis ▁recorded ▁a ▁version ▁on ▁his ▁Mil est ones ▁album , ▁in ▁which ▁the ▁tune ▁is ▁played ▁in ▁F ▁rather ▁than ▁B . ▁It ▁has ▁been ▁recorded ▁numerous ▁times ▁by ▁Mon k ▁and ▁others ▁and ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁Mon k ' s ▁most ▁covered ▁songs . ▁ ▁L yrics ▁were ▁written ▁by ▁Sally ▁Sw isher ▁and ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁by ▁Carm |
en ▁Mc R ae ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁her ▁studio ▁album ▁Carm en ▁S ings ▁Mon k . ▁For ▁copyright ▁reasons , ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁renamed ▁" Get ▁It ▁Stra ight ". ▁ ▁Music ▁educ ator ▁Mark ▁C . ▁Grid ley ▁wrote ▁about ▁Mon k ' s ▁composition ▁style : ▁" Mon k ▁employed ▁simple ▁compos itional ▁devices ▁with ▁very ▁original ▁results . ▁His ▁" S tra ight , ▁No ▁Ch aser " ▁involves ▁basically ▁only ▁one ▁idea ▁played ▁again ▁and ▁again , ▁each ▁time ▁in ▁a ▁different ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁measure ▁and ▁with ▁a ▁different ▁ending ." ▁ ▁St uffy ▁Turkey ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁D ▁major ▁that ▁was ▁only ▁recorded ▁once , ▁on ▁February ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁It ' s ▁Mon k ' s ▁Time . ▁The ▁A - section ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁rhythm ▁changes , ▁and ▁is ▁borrow ed ▁from ▁Cole man ▁Haw kins ' s ▁tune ▁" St uffy ". ▁ ▁T ▁ ▁Te o ▁A ▁ 2 4 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁B ▁minor ▁in ▁A BA - form . ▁" Te o " ▁was ▁written ▁as ▁a ▁t ribute ▁to ▁Mon k ' s , ▁and ▁many ▁other ▁of ▁Columbia ' s ▁jazz ▁musicians ', ▁producer , ▁Te o ▁Mac ero . ▁The ▁changes ▁are ▁based ▁on ▁the ▁standard ▁" T ops y ". ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁March ▁ 9 , ▁ 1 9 6 4 , ▁and ▁first ▁appeared ▁on ▁the |
▁album ▁Mon k . ▁ ▁The lon ious ▁A ▁ 3 6 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁( 8 - 1 0 - 8 - 1 0 ) ▁in ▁B ▁major . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁October ▁ 1 5 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁It ▁was ▁later ▁recorded ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Under ground , ▁and ▁live ▁versions ▁appear ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁The ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁Orchestra ▁at ▁Town ▁Hall , ▁and ▁Live ▁at ▁the ▁Jazz ▁Work shop . ▁ ▁The ▁A - section ▁is ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁r iff ▁that ▁Mon k ▁used ▁very ▁often , ▁dating ▁back ▁to ▁his ▁days ▁as ▁the ▁house ▁pian ist ▁at ▁M inton ' s ▁Play house . ▁The ▁r iff ▁contains ▁only ▁the ▁pit ches ▁B ▁and ▁A , ▁ins isting ▁on ▁the ▁ton ic , ▁and ▁is ▁re harm on ized ▁with ▁desc ending ▁ch ords . ▁ ▁Think ▁of ▁One ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁November ▁ 1 3 , ▁ 1 9 5 3 , and ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Mon k , ▁and ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁Cr iss - Cross . ▁The ▁tune ▁is ▁very ▁similar ▁in ▁con ception ▁to ▁" The lon ious ", ▁as ▁the ▁mel ody ▁ins ists ▁the ▁ton ic , ▁with ▁al beit ▁more ▁unexpected ▁changes ▁than ▁in ▁" The |
lon ious ". ▁ ▁Tr inkle , ▁T inkle ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ▁is ▁not orious ▁for ▁its ▁difficult ▁mel ody . ▁It ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁December ▁ 1 8 , ▁ 1 9 5 2 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁T rio , ▁and ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁with ▁John ▁Col tr ane ▁and ▁on ▁Mon k ' s ▁Blues . ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁two ▁stories ▁about ▁the ▁origin ▁of ▁the ▁title , ▁the ▁first ▁explains ▁that ▁producer ▁Ira ▁Git ler ▁may ▁have ▁mis he ard ▁when ▁Mon k ▁said ▁the ▁title ▁of ▁the ▁tune ▁in ▁studio ▁- ▁Git ler ▁reports ▁that ▁Mon k ▁may ▁have ▁said ▁" Tr inkle , ▁T inkle , ▁like ▁a ▁star " ▁instead ▁of ▁" Tw inkle , ▁Tw inkle , ▁like ▁a ▁star ". ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁believed ▁that ▁the ▁title ▁is ▁a ▁corruption ▁of ▁the ▁term ▁" tick ler ", ▁which ▁was ▁what ▁the ▁old ▁stride ▁pian ists ▁used ▁to ▁call ▁themselves . ▁ ▁Two ▁T imer ▁A ▁tune ▁that ▁was ▁never ▁recorded ▁by ▁Mon k , ▁but ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁Jackie ▁Mc Lean ▁for ▁his ▁album ▁A ▁F ick le ▁Son ance , ▁under ▁the ▁title ▁" F ive ▁Will ▁Get ▁You ▁Ten ". ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁cred ited ▁to ▁Son ny ▁Clark , ▁who ▁was ▁struggling ▁with ▁her oin ▁addiction ▁at ▁the ▁time , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁frequent ▁visitor ▁to |
▁Mon k ' s ▁friend , ▁P annon ica ▁de ▁K oen ig sw arter ' s ▁house . ▁It ▁is ▁believed ▁that ▁since ▁Mon k ▁kept ▁most ▁of ▁his ▁sheet ▁music ▁in ▁P annon ica ' s ▁house , ▁Clark ▁stole ▁the ▁lead ▁sheet ▁and ▁claimed ▁as ▁his ▁own , ▁in ▁hopes ▁of ▁the ▁tune ▁being ▁a ▁hit . ▁The ▁original ▁lead ▁sheet ▁was ▁later ▁discovered ▁around ▁the ▁' 9 0 s , ▁and ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁by ▁Mon k ' s ▁son ▁for ▁his ▁album ▁Mon k ▁on ▁Mon k . ▁ ▁U ▁ ▁U gly ▁Beaut y ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form , ▁and ▁was ▁only ▁recorded ▁once , ▁on ▁December ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 6 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Under ground . ▁It ▁was ▁Mon k ' s ▁drum mer ▁Ben ▁R iley ▁suggestion ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁tune ▁as ▁a ▁w alt z , ▁and ▁" U gly ▁Beaut y " ▁is ▁therefore ▁significant ▁for ▁being ▁Mon k ' s ▁only ▁w alt z . ▁Mike ▁Fer ro ▁later ▁wrote ▁lyrics ▁to ▁the ▁tune , ▁and ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁by ▁Carm en ▁Mc R ae ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁her ▁studio ▁album ▁Carm en ▁S ings ▁Mon k . ▁For ▁copyright ▁reasons , ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁renamed ▁" St ill ▁We ▁Dream ". ▁ ▁W ▁ ▁We ▁See ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form |
, ▁and ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁May ▁ 1 1 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁for ▁the ▁album ▁Mon k . ▁It ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁albums ▁P iano ▁S olo ▁under ▁the ▁name ▁" M ang an èse ", ▁and ▁on ▁Stra ight , ▁No ▁Ch aser . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁initially ▁called ▁" We et ee ", ▁which ▁was ▁the ▁nick name ▁for ▁Mon k ' s ▁cousin , ▁Ev ely n . ▁M argo ▁G ury an ▁also ▁wrote ▁lyrics ▁for ▁the ▁tune . ▁ ▁Well , ▁You ▁Need n ' t ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form ▁that ▁is ▁one ▁of ▁Mon k ' s ▁most ▁popular ▁t unes , ▁and ▁is ▁famous ▁for ▁its ▁chrom atically ▁asc ending / desc ending ▁ch ords . ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁earlier ▁known ▁as ▁" You ▁Need ▁' Na ". ▁The ▁tune ▁was ▁first ▁recorded ▁on ▁October ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 , ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁It ▁later ▁appears ▁on ▁P iano ▁S olo , ▁Mon k ' s ▁Music , ▁and ▁on ▁Les ▁L ia isons ▁d ang ere uses ▁ 1 9 6 0 . ▁Live ▁versions ▁appear ▁on ▁most ▁of ▁Mon k ' s ▁live ▁albums . ▁ ▁The ▁title ▁was ▁inspired ▁by ▁jazz ▁singer ▁Charles ▁Be amon . ▁Mon k ▁wrote ▁a ▁song ▁and ▁told ▁Be amon ▁he ▁was ▁going ▁to ▁name ▁it ▁after ▁him , ▁to ▁which ▁Be |
amon ▁replied , ▁" Well , ▁you ▁need ▁not ". ▁ ▁There ▁are ▁three ▁widely ▁played ▁versions ▁of ▁the ▁tune ; ▁Mon k ' s ▁version ▁uses ▁an ▁F ▁ped al ▁in ▁the ▁A ▁section , ▁with ▁an ▁ob bl ig ato ▁figure ▁in ▁addition ▁to ▁the ▁mel ody . ▁The ▁line ▁r ises ▁chrom atically ▁from ▁C ▁for ▁each ▁bar , ▁then ▁desc ends ▁when ▁it ▁has ▁reached ▁E . ▁The ▁bridge ▁starts ▁on ▁D , ▁then ▁asc ends ▁and ▁desc ends ▁chrom atically ▁to ▁C , ▁the ▁dominant . ▁Mon k ▁would ▁in ▁later ▁versions ▁play ▁altern ating ly ▁F ▁and ▁G ▁when ▁comp ing , ▁but ▁keep ▁the ▁bridge ▁as ▁it ▁was . ▁Miles ▁Davis ' s ▁version ▁of ▁the ▁tune ▁is ▁compar atively ▁more ▁popular . ▁Davis ▁al ters ▁the ▁A ▁section ' s ▁main ▁mot if , ▁and ▁tr it one ▁subst itutes ▁Mon k ' s ▁changes ▁during ▁the ▁bridge . ▁Therefore , ▁Miles ▁Davis ▁starts ▁the ▁mel ody ▁of ▁the ▁bridge ▁a ▁half - step ▁too ▁low . ▁He ▁later ▁recorded ▁a ▁contra fact ▁of ▁the ▁tune , ▁called ▁" I ▁Didn ' t ", ▁and ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁The ▁Mus ings ▁of ▁Miles . ▁ ▁Mike ▁Fer ro ▁later ▁wrote ▁lyrics ▁to ▁the ▁tune , ▁and ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁recorded ▁in ▁ 1 9 8 8 ▁by ▁Carm en ▁Mc R ae ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁her ▁studio ▁album ▁Carm en ▁S ings ▁Mon k . ▁For ▁copyright ▁reasons , ▁the ▁song ▁was ▁renamed ▁" |
It ' s ▁Over ▁Now ". ▁ ▁Who ▁Know s ? ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form , ▁and ▁is ▁notable ▁for ▁its ▁difficult ▁mel ody . ▁It ▁was ▁only ▁recorded ▁once , ▁on ▁November ▁ 2 1 , ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁for ▁the ▁Gen ius ▁of ▁Modern ▁Music ▁sessions . ▁ ▁Work ▁A ▁ 3 2 - bar ▁tune ▁in ▁A AB A - form , ▁and ▁is ▁also ▁notable ▁for ▁its ▁difficult ▁mel ody , ▁chrom atic ▁changes , ▁and ▁ob bl ig ato ▁bass ▁line . ▁It ▁was ▁only ▁recorded ▁once , ▁on ▁September ▁ 2 2 , ▁ 1 9 5 4 , ▁and ▁appears ▁on ▁the ▁album ▁The lon ious ▁Mon k ▁and ▁Son ny ▁Roll ins . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Liter ature <0x0A> </s> ▁O et tern bach ▁is ▁a ▁river ▁of ▁North ▁Rh ine - West ph alia , ▁Germany . ▁It ▁is ▁a ▁left ▁t ribut ary ▁of ▁the ▁B ega ▁west ▁of ▁Lem go . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁List ▁of ▁rivers ▁of ▁North ▁Rh ine - West ph alia ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁North ▁Rh ine - West ph alia ▁Category : R ivers ▁of ▁Germany <0x0A> </s> ▁Entre ▁R í os ▁- ▁Rod ol fo ▁Wal sh ▁is ▁a ▁station ▁on ▁Line ▁E ▁of ▁the ▁Buenos ▁Aires ▁Under ground . ▁The ▁station ▁was ▁opened ▁on ▁ 2 0 ▁June ▁ 1 9 4 4 ▁as ▁part ▁of ▁the |
▁inaug ural ▁section ▁of ▁the ▁line ▁from ▁San ▁José ▁to ▁General ▁Ur qu iza . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Category : B uen os ▁Aires ▁Under ground ▁stations <0x0A> </s> ▁In ▁development al ▁psychology , ▁them atic ▁co her ence ▁is ▁an ▁organization ▁of ▁a ▁set ▁of ▁mean ings ▁in ▁and ▁through ▁an ▁event . ▁In ▁education , ▁for ▁example , ▁the ▁them atic ▁co her ence ▁happens ▁when ▁a ▁child ▁during ▁a ▁classroom ▁session ▁understands ▁what ▁all ▁the ▁talking ▁is ▁about . ▁ ▁This ▁expression ▁was ▁term ed ▁by ▁Hab erm as ▁and ▁Bl uck ▁( 2 0 0 0 ), ▁along ▁with ▁other ▁terms ▁such ▁as ▁temporal ▁co her ence , ▁bi ographical ▁co her ence , ▁and ▁caus al ▁co her ence , ▁to ▁describe ▁the ▁co her ence ▁that ▁people ▁talk ▁about ▁while ▁narr ating ▁their ▁own ▁personal ▁experiences ▁( the ▁many ▁different ▁episodes ▁in ▁their ▁life , ▁most ▁especially ▁in ▁childhood ▁and ▁adoles c ence ) ▁which ▁need ▁to ▁be ▁structured ▁within ▁a ▁context . ▁ ▁In ▁conversation ▁— ▁although ▁this ▁technique ▁also ▁can ▁be ▁found ▁in ▁literature ▁— ▁the ▁them atic ▁co her ence ▁is ▁when ▁a ▁person ▁( or ▁character ) ▁" is ▁able ▁to ▁derive ▁a ▁general ▁theme ▁or ▁principle ▁about ▁the ▁self ▁based ▁on ▁a ▁narr ated ▁sequence ▁of ▁events ." ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁Child ▁development ▁ ▁Development al ▁psychology ▁ ▁Cent r ation ▁ ▁Private ▁speech ▁ ▁Spe ech ▁perception ▁ ▁Spe ech ▁repet ition ▁ ▁Re ferences |
▁ ▁Category : D evel op ment al ▁psychology ▁Category : E duc ation ▁theory ▁Category : P ed ag ogy <0x0A> </s> ▁Bl ind ▁Will ies ▁is ▁an ▁American ▁folk ▁rock ▁band ▁based ▁in ▁San ▁Francisco . ▁The ▁group ▁was ▁founded ▁by ▁singer - s ong writer ▁Alex ei ▁W aj ch man ▁while ▁he ▁was ▁a ▁student ▁at ▁San ▁Francisco ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Arts ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 2 . ▁The ▁band ▁began ▁as ▁a ▁du o , ▁with ▁guitar ist ▁W aj ch man ▁and ▁f idd ler ▁Annie ▁Stan ine c , ▁playing ▁covers ▁of ▁American ▁folk ▁songs . ▁They ▁soon ▁made ▁the ▁transition ▁to ▁W aj ch man ' s ▁original ▁songs ▁which ▁he ▁began ▁writing ▁when ▁he ▁was ▁ 1 5 . ▁ ▁Career ▁ ▁W aj ch man ▁and ▁Stan ine c ▁graduated ▁from ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Arts ▁and ▁continued ▁to ▁play ▁together ▁at ▁University ▁of ▁California , ▁Santa ▁Cruz . ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁the ▁band ▁released ▁its ▁first ▁professional ▁album , ▁The ▁Un kind ness ▁of ▁Rav ens , ▁written ▁by ▁W aj ch man . ▁The ▁album ▁received ▁prominent ▁notice ▁from ▁K Q ED ▁and ▁from ▁Jenn ▁O ' Don nell , ▁editor ▁of ▁the ▁online ▁music ▁z ine ▁DO A , ▁who ▁wrote ▁" Bl ind ▁Will ies ▁play ▁incredibly ▁wonderful ▁music . ▁Alex ei ▁is ▁a ▁remarkable ▁song writer ▁whose ▁lyrics ▁go ▁well ▁beyond ▁the ▁average ▁ram bl ings ▁of ▁most ▁singer - s ong writ ers |
. ▁Even ▁' Main line ' ▁– ▁with ▁its ▁' hung ry ▁pa wn ▁store ▁prisoners ' ▁– ▁is ▁well - craft ed ▁enough ▁to ▁run ▁with ▁the ▁big ▁boys ▁and ▁W aj ch man ▁wrote ▁the ▁song ▁at ▁the ▁tender ▁age ▁of ▁ 1 5 ." ▁The ▁album ▁also ▁received ▁praise ▁from ▁American a ▁UK , ▁where ▁review er ▁Paul ▁Vill ers ▁wrote ▁" What ▁is ▁beyond ▁question ▁is ▁W aj ch man ’ s ▁skill ▁as ▁a ▁story t eller . ▁Of ▁the ▁Wil ly ▁V l aut in ▁school , ▁these ▁ten ▁tales ▁explore ▁the ▁dark er ▁side ▁of ▁life ▁with ▁word ▁play ▁that ▁is ▁ev oc ative ▁of ▁a ▁quiet ▁desper ation , ▁a ▁cool ▁lo ath ing ▁of ▁un av oid able ▁situations ▁or ▁perhaps ▁a ▁pit iful ▁year ning ▁for ▁red em ption ." ▁ ▁Bl ind ▁Will ies ▁tou red ▁locally ▁in ▁California ▁and ▁on ▁the ▁East ▁Coast . ▁They ▁played ▁at ▁San ▁Francisco ' s ▁Hard ly ▁Str ict ly ▁Blue gr ass ▁Festival , ▁Berkeley ' s ▁legendary ▁Fre ight ▁and ▁Salv age ▁Coffee house , ▁San ▁Francisco ' s ▁Free ▁Fol k ▁Festival , ▁D jango F est , ▁Brooklyn ' s ▁Barb ès ▁where ▁they ▁opened ▁for ▁Steph ane ▁W rem bel , ▁and ▁Manhattan ' s ▁Side Walk ▁Ca fe ▁where ▁they ▁played ▁with ▁Peter ▁St amp fel ▁( The ▁Holy ▁Mod al ▁Round ers , ▁The ▁F ugs ). ▁ ▁In ▁June ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁after ▁releasing |
▁Every body ' s ▁Looking ▁for ▁a ▁Me al , ▁the ▁band ' s ▁second ▁album ▁of ▁songs ▁written ▁by ▁W aj ch man , ▁the ▁du o ▁broke ▁up . ▁The ▁album ▁received ▁high ▁praise ▁from ▁review ers ▁ ▁and ▁W aj ch man ▁was ▁invited ▁to ▁play ▁the ▁Emer ging ▁Artist ▁Show case ▁at ▁the ▁Fal con ▁Ridge ▁Fol k ▁Festival , ▁where ▁he ▁was ▁accompanied ▁by ▁Meg ▁Ok ura . ▁On ▁July ▁ 2 7 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁two ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁newly ▁released ▁album , ▁' S inners ▁Med ley ' ▁and ▁' M om ▁S ays ▁No ', ▁were ▁featured ▁on ▁Robert ▁Sher man ' s ▁W F UV ▁radio ▁show , ▁Wood y ' s ▁Children , ▁the ▁longest ▁running ▁folk ▁music ▁broadcast ▁in ▁the ▁country . ▁In ▁July ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁Canada ' s ▁Radio ▁Sh alom , ▁an ▁internation ally ▁broadcast ▁Jewish ▁programming ▁station , ▁featured ▁several ▁songs ▁from ▁the ▁album , ▁including ▁' S inners ▁Med ley ', ▁on ▁host ▁Hel ene ▁Eng el ' s ▁show , ▁Les ▁faces ▁c ach ées ▁de ▁la ▁mus ique ▁ju ive . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 0 9 , ▁W aj ch man ▁finished ▁writing ▁his ▁third ▁album ▁of ▁original ▁songs ▁and ▁soon ▁began ▁rehe ars als ▁with ▁musicians ▁he ▁had ▁first ▁met ▁in ▁high ▁school ▁at ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Arts : ▁M isha ▁K hal ik ul ov ( c ello ), ▁Daniel ▁R iera ( fl |
ute , ▁bass ), ▁Max ▁Miller - L or an ( keys , ▁trump et ), ▁and ▁Adam ▁Co op ers m ith ( dr ums ). ▁The ▁new ▁album ▁Need le , ▁Fe ather , ▁and ▁a ▁R ope ▁was ▁released ▁in ▁April ▁ 2 0 1 1 ▁and ▁was ▁widely ▁ac claimed . ▁Short ly ▁after ▁the ▁album ' s ▁release , ▁Co op ers m ith ▁left ▁the ▁band ▁and ▁was ▁replaced ▁by ▁Alex ▁Nash , ▁also ▁a ▁graduate ▁of ▁San ▁Francisco ▁School ▁of ▁the ▁Arts . ▁Alex ' s ▁twin ▁brother , ▁Adam ▁Nash ( gu itar ), ▁joined ▁the ▁band ▁in ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁the ▁band ▁completed ▁recording ▁a ▁new ▁album , ▁Every ▁Day ▁Is ▁Jud g ment ▁Day , ▁Alex ei ▁W aj ch man ' s ▁fourth ▁collection ▁of ▁original ▁songs . ▁Germany ' s ▁Wasser - P raw da ▁named ▁it ▁Album ▁of ▁the ▁Month ▁in ▁July ▁ 2 0 1 4 . ▁Bl ind ▁Will ies ▁emb ark ed ▁on ▁the ▁band ' s ▁first ▁European ▁tour ( I re land , ▁UK , ▁Netherlands , ▁Belgium , ▁Germany ) ▁in ▁August ▁ 2 0 1 3 , ▁and ▁tou red ▁UK , ▁Belgium , ▁Netherlands , ▁and ▁Germany ▁again ▁May ▁ 2 0 1 5 - J uly . ▁ ▁Bl ind ▁Will ies ▁songs ▁have ▁been ▁played ▁on ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 0 0 ▁radio ▁stations ▁around ▁the ▁world , ▁including |
▁the ▁US , ▁Netherlands , ▁Germany , ▁France , ▁Italy , ▁UK , ▁Israel , ▁Australia , ▁and ▁Canada . ▁ ▁Members ▁of ▁Bl ind ▁Will ies ▁also ▁play ▁with ▁R up a ▁and ▁the ▁April ▁F ishes , ▁Wat sky , ▁Good night , ▁Texas , ▁Marcus ▁Cohen ▁and ▁The ▁Congress , ▁M ek lit ▁Had ero , ▁K ev ▁Choice ▁En semble , ▁and ▁The ▁Get back . ▁ ▁Origin ▁of ▁band ▁name ▁W aj ch man ▁told ▁writer ▁Tony ▁Du Sh ane ▁in ▁an ▁interview ▁for ▁the ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Chron icle ' s ▁ 1 0 / 2 1 / 2 0 1 1 ▁ 9 6 ▁H ours ▁entertainment ▁section : ▁" At ▁ 1 5 , ▁I ▁discovered ▁Bl ind ▁Will ie ▁Johnson , ▁Bl ind ▁Will ie ▁Mc Tell , ▁Bl ind ▁Blake , ▁and ▁Bl ind ▁L emon ▁Jefferson . ▁I ▁started ▁the ▁band ▁as ▁a ▁folk ▁du o ▁in ▁high ▁school ▁and ▁I ▁wanted ▁to ▁pay ▁hom age ▁to ▁the ▁musicians ▁who ▁inspired ▁me , ▁mus ically ▁and ▁ly ric ally . ▁I ’ d ▁been ▁influenced ▁by ▁white ▁musicians ▁who ’ d ▁been ▁influenced ▁by ▁black ▁musicians . ▁The ▁blind , ▁black ▁it iner ant ▁guitar ▁players ▁absorbed ▁the ▁h ym ns ▁they ▁heard ▁in ▁church ▁and ▁en ric hed ▁those ▁h ym ns ▁with ▁the ▁influences ▁of ▁folk ▁music ▁and ▁street ▁culture . ▁They ▁were ▁living ▁sie ves ▁with ▁height ened ▁a ural ▁senses . ▁They ▁wrote ▁songs ▁with ▁titles ▁like ▁' Dark |
▁Was ▁The ▁Night , ▁Cold ▁Was ▁The ▁Ground ', ▁' The ▁Soul ▁of ▁a ▁Man ', ▁' B roke ▁Down ▁Engine ▁Blues ', ▁' L ord ▁I ▁W ish ▁I ▁Could ▁See '. ▁I ▁wanted ▁to ▁write ▁songs ▁as ▁immediate ▁and ▁powerful . ▁The ▁name ▁Bl ind ▁Will ies ▁is ▁appropriate ▁to ▁the ▁c aul d ron ▁of ▁our ▁various ▁influences ." ▁ ▁Disc ography ▁ ▁The ▁Un kind ness ▁of ▁Rav ens , ▁ 2 0 0 7 , ▁Dig g ory ▁Records ▁ ▁Every body ' s ▁Looking ▁for ▁a ▁Me al , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁Dig g ory ▁Records ▁ ▁Need le , ▁Fe ather , ▁and ▁a ▁R ope , ▁ 2 0 1 1 , ▁Dig g ory ▁Records ▁ ▁Every ▁Day ▁is ▁Jud g ment ▁Day , ▁( J uly ▁ 2 0 1 4 , ▁Dig g ory ▁Records ) ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁Official ▁website ▁Arch ive . org ▁ ▁Category : American a ▁music ▁groups ▁Category : F olk ▁rock ▁groups ▁from ▁California ▁Category : Mus ical ▁groups ▁from ▁San ▁Francisco ▁Category : St re et ▁performance <0x0A> </s> ▁Under ▁the ▁K ud zu ▁is ▁the ▁fifth ▁studio ▁album ▁released ▁by ▁country ▁music ▁group ▁S hen ando ah . ▁Re leased ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 3 , ▁it ▁produced ▁their ▁fifth ▁and ▁last ▁number ▁one ▁hit ▁to ▁date ▁with ▁" If ▁B ub ba ▁Can ▁Dance ▁( I ▁Can ▁Too )" ▁co - written ▁by ▁band ▁members |
▁Mart y ▁Ray bon , ▁Mike ▁Mc Gu ire ▁and ▁Bob ▁Mc D ill . ▁Other ▁singles ▁included ▁" J anie ▁Baker ' s ▁Love ▁Sl ave ", ▁" I ▁Want ▁to ▁Be ▁L oved ▁Like ▁That ", ▁and ▁" I ' ll ▁Go ▁Down ▁L oving ▁You ". ▁They ▁chart ed ▁at ▁# 1 5 , ▁# 3 ▁and ▁# 4 6 , ▁respectively . ▁It ▁is ▁also ▁the ▁second ▁and ▁final ▁album ▁for ▁the ▁R CA ▁Nash ville ▁label . ▁ ▁Track ▁listing ▁ ▁" J anie ▁Baker ' s ▁Love ▁Sl ave " ▁( D ennis ▁Lin de ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 1 3 ▁ ▁" If ▁B ub ba ▁Can ▁Dance ▁( I ▁Can ▁Too )" ▁( Mart y ▁Ray bon , ▁Mike ▁Mc Gu ire , ▁Bob ▁Mc D ill ) ▁- ▁ 2 : 4 7 ▁ ▁" I ▁Want ▁to ▁Be ▁L oved ▁Like ▁That " ▁( Phil ▁Barn h art , ▁Sam ▁H og in , ▁Bill ▁La B ount y ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 4 3 ▁ ▁" One ▁Kind ▁of ▁Woman ▁I ▁Like " ▁( Ray bon , ▁M . ▁Mc Gu ire , ▁Don ▁Cook ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 1 0 ▁ ▁" Under ▁the ▁K ud zu " ▁( L inde ) ▁- ▁ 4 : 0 9 ▁ ▁" N ick el ▁in ▁the ▁Well " ▁( Ch ris ▁Wat ers , ▁L on nie ▁Wilson ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 1 7 ▁ ▁" If ▁It |
▁T akes ▁Every ▁R ib ▁I ' ve ▁Got " ▁( Ray bon , ▁Bud ▁Mc Gu ire , ▁T roy ▁Se als ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 1 0 ▁ ▁" I ' ll ▁Go ▁Down ▁L oving ▁You " ▁( Ch ap in ▁Hart ford , ▁H og in , ▁Mont y ▁Pow ell ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 2 5 ▁ ▁" The ▁Blues ▁Are ▁Com in ' ▁Over ▁to ▁Your ▁House " ▁( C ook , ▁K ix ▁Brook s ) ▁- ▁ 2 : 3 1 A ▁ ▁" Just ▁Say ▁the ▁Word " ▁( M . ▁Mc Gu ire ) ▁- ▁ 3 : 4 5 ▁ ▁A Om itted ▁from ▁c ass ette ▁version . ▁ ▁Release ▁history ▁ ▁Person nel ▁S hen ando ah ▁ ▁Mart y ▁Ray bon ▁- ▁lead ▁vocals , ▁ac oustic ▁guitar ▁ ▁Jim ▁Se ales ▁- ▁electric ▁guitar , ▁background ▁vocals ▁ ▁Stan ▁Th orn ▁- ▁piano , ▁key boards , ▁background ▁vocals ▁ ▁Ralph ▁Ez ell ▁- ▁bass ▁guitar , ▁background ▁vocals ▁ ▁Mike ▁Mc Gu ire ▁- ▁drums , ▁background ▁vocals ▁ ▁Other ▁musicians ▁ ▁Bruce ▁B out on ▁- ▁steel ▁guitar ▁ ▁Dennis ▁J . ▁Burn side ▁- ▁piano ▁ ▁Mark ▁Cas st ev ens ▁- ▁ac oustic ▁guitar ▁ ▁Rob ▁H aj ac os ▁- ▁f iddle ▁ ▁B rent ▁Mason ▁- ▁electric ▁guitar ▁ ▁John ▁Wes ley ▁R yles ▁- ▁background ▁vocals ▁ ▁Tommy ▁White ▁- ▁steel ▁guitar ▁ ▁Dennis ▁Wilson ▁- ▁background ▁vocals ▁ |
▁L on nie ▁Wilson ▁- ▁drums , ▁per cussion ▁ ▁Production ▁Don ▁Cook : ▁Produ cer ▁Mike ▁Brad ley : ▁Engine er , ▁Mix ing ▁Mark ▁C apps : ▁Production ▁Assistant , ▁Assistant ▁Engine er , ▁Assistant ▁Mix ing ▁H ank ▁Williams : ▁Master ing ▁ ▁Chart ▁performance ▁ ▁Category : 1 9 9 3 ▁albums ▁Category : R CA ▁Records ▁albums ▁Category : S hen ando ah ▁( band ) ▁albums ▁Category : Al bum s ▁produced ▁by ▁Don ▁Cook <0x0A> </s> ▁Broad ward ▁is ▁a ▁dispers ed ▁ham let ▁in ▁south ▁Sh ro pshire , ▁England , ▁situated ▁by ▁the ▁border ▁with ▁Here ford shire . ▁It ▁is ▁in ▁the ▁civil ▁parish ▁of ▁Cl ung un ford , ▁a ▁village ▁approximately ▁ ▁to ▁the ▁north . ▁ ▁Ge ography ▁ ▁The ▁plac ename ▁is ▁shared ▁by ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁buildings ▁in ▁the ▁area , ▁including ▁Broad ward ▁Hall , ▁a ▁country ▁house . ▁ ▁The ▁River ▁Cl un ▁flows ▁to ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁Broad ward ▁( from ▁north ▁to ▁south ) ▁and ▁after ▁passing ▁Broad ward ▁ex its ▁Sh ro pshire ▁and ▁enters ▁Here ford shire ; ▁the ▁river ▁here ▁is ▁a ▁private ▁fisher y . ▁The ▁stretch ▁of ▁the ▁River ▁Cl un ▁south ▁of ▁Broad ward ▁Bridge ▁is ▁a ▁Site ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest . ▁Broad ward ▁lies ▁generally ▁at ▁an ▁elev ation ▁of ▁ ▁above ▁sea ▁level , ▁on ▁gently ▁und ulating ▁land ▁within ▁the ▁lower ▁Cl un ▁Valley . ▁The ▁ham let ▁lies ▁just ▁above ▁the ▁flood |
▁plain , ▁which ▁is ▁quite ▁extensive , ▁with ▁the ▁fields ▁between ▁the ▁hall ▁and ▁the ▁River ▁Cl un ▁being ▁flood ▁me adows . ▁Agricult ure ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁is ▁a ▁mixture ▁of ▁ar able ▁and ▁liv est ock ▁( tr ad itionally ▁sheep ▁and ▁cattle ) ▁farming . ▁ ▁Broad ward ▁is ▁situated ▁on ▁the ▁B 4 3 8 5 ▁main ▁road ▁and ▁is ▁approximately ▁ ▁from ▁Hop ton ▁He ath ▁railway ▁station ▁which ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁Heart ▁of ▁Wales ▁Line . ▁At ▁Hop ton ▁He ath ▁the ▁ 7 4 0 ▁bus ▁service ▁calls , ▁with ▁ 3 ▁bus es ▁a ▁day ▁to ▁Lud low ▁and ▁Knight on . ▁Built ▁in ▁ 1 8 3 1 , ▁Broad ward ▁Bridge ▁takes ▁the ▁main ▁road ▁over ▁the ▁River ▁Cl un ▁() ▁and ▁is ▁a ▁Grade ▁II ▁List ed ▁structure . ▁ ▁Broad ward ▁forms ▁the ▁sou ther ly ▁end ▁of ▁the ▁parish ▁of ▁Cl ung un ford . ▁Im medi ately ▁to ▁the ▁north , ▁and ▁also ▁in ▁the ▁parish , ▁lies ▁the ▁ham let ▁of ▁Beck j ay , ▁which ▁can ▁be ▁accessed ▁from ▁Broad ward ▁by ▁a ▁lane ▁leading ▁off ▁the ▁main ▁road . ▁The ▁nearest ▁villages ▁with ▁amen ities ▁( each ▁including ▁a ▁post ▁office , ▁two ▁pub s ▁and ▁local ▁convenience ▁shops ) ▁are ▁Le int ward ine ▁( 2 ▁miles ) ▁and ▁Buck nell ▁( 3 ▁miles ). ▁The ▁nearest ▁market ▁towns ▁are ▁Knight on ▁( in ▁Wales ), ▁Cr aven ▁Ar ms ▁and ▁– ▁the ▁largest ▁– |
▁Lud low , ▁which ▁is ▁ ▁away . ▁The ▁county ▁town ▁of ▁Sh ro pshire , ▁Sh rew sb ury , ▁is ▁ ▁distant ▁by ▁road . ▁ ▁Communications ▁The ▁post code ▁is ▁SY 7 ▁ 0 Q A , ▁except ▁for ▁Broad ward ▁Barn ▁and ▁Broad ward ▁Bridge ▁which ▁have ▁their ▁own ▁post code ▁SY 7 ▁ 0 P Z . ▁There ▁is ▁a ▁Royal ▁Mail ▁post ▁box ▁on ▁the ▁main ▁road ▁by ▁the ▁Gate ▁L odge . ▁The ▁post ▁town ▁for ▁Broad ward ▁is ▁Cr aven ▁Ar ms ; ▁histor ically ▁it ▁was ▁A ston ▁on ▁Cl un . ▁ ▁The ▁di alling ▁code ▁is ▁ 0 1 5 4 7 ▁( the ▁Knight on ▁area ▁code ) ▁followed ▁by ▁ 5 3 0 ▁( the ▁Buck nell ▁exchange ) ▁for ▁the ▁majority ▁of ▁the ▁settlement , ▁or ▁ 5 4 0 ▁( the ▁Le int ward ine ▁exchange ) ▁for ▁Broad ward ▁Barn ▁and ▁Broad ward ▁Bridge . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Broad ward ▁Hall ▁is ▁a ▁Grade ▁II ▁List ed ▁building , ▁largely ▁a ▁ 1 9 th - century ▁rem od elling ▁of ▁an ▁ 1 8 th - century ▁house , ▁with ▁a ▁cast ell ated ▁G oth ic ▁appearance . ▁Broad ward ▁dates ▁back ▁much ▁earlier ▁however , ▁and ▁was ▁a ▁medieval ▁settlement ▁with ▁town ship ▁status ▁within ▁the ▁Cl ung un ford ▁parish . ▁The ▁hall ▁is ▁a ▁private ▁residence ▁and ▁is ▁not ▁open ▁to ▁visitors . ▁ ▁The ▁hall ▁was ▁once ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Hop |
ton ▁Castle ▁Estate ▁and ▁for ▁ 2 0 0 ▁years ▁was ▁the ▁home ▁of ▁the ▁Bay ley ▁family . ▁In ▁ 1 9 4 3 ▁it ▁was ▁purchased ▁by ▁the ▁Bil ston ▁Corporation , ▁who ▁planned ▁to ▁develop ▁it ▁into ▁a ▁children ' s ▁home , ▁which ▁did ▁not ▁happen , ▁and ▁in ▁ 1 9 4 7 ▁it ▁was ▁bought ▁by ▁Thomas ▁Wat kins . ▁The ▁hall ▁continues ▁as ▁a ▁private ▁residence , ▁and ▁there ▁remains ▁a ▁small ▁sheep ▁farm ▁on ▁the ▁estate . ▁ ▁The ▁plac ename ▁is ▁derived ▁from ▁" broad ▁for d "; ▁the ▁exact ▁location ▁of ▁where ▁this ▁for d ▁was ▁is ▁unknown ▁and ▁no ▁for d ▁exists ▁in ▁modern ▁times ▁( the ▁crossing ▁being ▁replaced ▁by ▁Broad ward ▁Bridge ). ▁The ▁historic ▁change ▁of ▁the ▁second ▁element ▁of ▁the ▁name , ▁from ▁" ford " ▁to ▁" ward ", ▁is ▁the ▁reverse ▁of ▁what ▁happened ▁to ▁the ▁plac ename ▁of ▁Cl ung un ford . ▁ ▁To ▁the ▁east ▁of ▁the ▁hall , ▁and ▁adjacent ▁to ▁a ▁public ▁right ▁of ▁way , ▁is ▁an ▁old ▁mot te ▁() ▁origin ating ▁from ▁medieval ▁times ▁after ▁the ▁Norman ▁con quest , ▁which ▁is ▁designated ▁as ▁a ▁scheduled ▁monument . ▁It ▁was ▁built ▁to ▁control ▁the ▁crossing ▁of ▁the ▁River ▁Cl un ▁( by ▁way ▁of ▁the ▁old ▁for d ) ▁and ▁is ▁only ▁big ▁enough ▁to ▁have ▁supported ▁a ▁watch ▁tower . ▁It ▁lies ▁roughly ▁halfway ▁between ▁the ▁m ott es ▁at ▁Cl ung un ford ▁and ▁Le int |
ward ine , ▁also ▁located ▁by ▁the ▁Cl un . ▁ ▁Bron ze ▁Age ▁arte f acts ▁– ▁mainly ▁spe ar heads ▁and ▁sword ▁fragments ▁– ▁have ▁been ▁discovered ▁in ▁the ▁ri par ian ▁vic inity ▁of ▁the ▁hall , ▁initially ▁from ▁an ▁exc av ation ▁( for ▁drain age ▁works ) ▁in ▁ 1 8 6 7 . ▁Many ▁of ▁the ▁findings ▁are ▁now ▁in ▁the ▁British ▁Museum ▁and ▁form ▁part ▁of ▁the ▁Broad ward ▁complex . ▁The ▁arte f acts ▁were ▁over ▁a ▁met re ▁below ▁modern - day ▁ground ▁level ▁and ▁are ▁believed ▁to ▁have ▁been ▁offer ings ▁to ▁water ▁gods ▁in ▁what ▁was ▁a ▁mar sh y ▁landscape ; ▁the ▁level ▁of ▁the ▁ground ▁has ▁since ▁ris en ▁in ▁the ▁area ▁( by ▁natural ▁process ▁of ▁all uv ial ▁material ▁depos ited ▁in ▁times ▁of ▁flood ) ▁and ▁the ▁area ▁has ▁also ▁now ▁been ▁dr ained ▁for ▁agriculture . ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : H am lets ▁in ▁Sh ro pshire ▁Category : Arch ae ological ▁sites ▁in ▁Sh ro pshire ▁Category : S ites ▁of ▁Special ▁Scient ific ▁Interest ▁in ▁Sh ro pshire <0x0A> </s> ▁S ind hu ▁Joy ▁is ▁an ▁Indian ▁politician , ▁writer , ▁column ist , ▁academ ician ▁and ▁social ▁activ ist ▁from ▁the ▁state ▁of ▁Ker ala . ▁She ▁is ▁known ▁for ▁her ▁fier y ▁spe e ches ▁was ▁projected ▁as ▁the ▁youth ▁icon ▁of ▁Ker ala ▁during ▁her ▁college ▁days . ▁S ind hu ▁was ▁the ▁All ▁India |
▁Vice - Pres ident ▁of ▁Students ' ▁Federation ▁of ▁India ▁and ▁the ▁president ▁of ▁S FI ▁Ker ala ▁State ▁committee ▁for ▁three ▁years . ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁only ▁woman ▁to ▁hold ▁such ▁a ▁senior ▁level ▁position ▁in ▁the ▁organisation . ▁S ind hu ▁obtained ▁a ▁PhD ▁in ▁political ▁science ▁from ▁the ▁University ▁of ▁Ker ala ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 9 . She ▁cul min ated ▁her ▁studies ▁with ▁a ▁Post ▁doctor ate ▁in ▁Political ▁Science ▁from ▁the ▁Ker ala ▁University ▁ ▁S ind hu ▁Joy ▁has ▁cont ested ▁in ▁the ▁Legisl ative ▁Assembly ▁election ▁as ▁a ▁Left ▁Democratic ▁Front ▁( K er ala ) ▁candidate ▁against ▁the ▁then ▁Chief ▁Minister ▁of ▁Ker ala ▁O ommen ▁Ch andy ▁from ▁the ▁P uth upp ally ▁, ▁constitu ency ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 6 . ▁She ▁has ▁also ▁cont ested ▁in ▁the ▁Parliament ▁elections ▁against ▁K . ▁V . ▁Thomas , ▁a ▁former ▁union ▁minister , ▁in ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 9 ▁L ok ▁Sab ha ▁elections ▁from ▁Ern ak ul am ▁Const itu ency . ▁ ▁S ind hu ▁was ▁nominated ▁as ▁the ▁first ▁chair person ▁of ▁Ker ala ▁State ▁Youth ▁Commission . ▁She ▁participated ▁in ▁a ▁popular ▁Mal ay al am ▁reality ▁show ▁in ▁S ury a ▁TV ▁named ▁Mal ay ale e ▁House ▁( Mal ay al am ▁version ▁of ▁Big ▁Brother ) ▁and ▁became ▁the ▁first ▁runner ▁up . ▁She ▁is ▁a ▁popular ▁TV ▁anchor , ▁a ▁column ist , ▁and ▁an ▁activ ist ▁of ▁women . ▁ ▁Personal |
▁life ▁She ▁is ▁the ▁elder ▁daughter ▁of ▁Late ▁George ▁Joseph ▁Ch ak k ung al ▁( J oy ) ▁and ▁Late ▁L ail a ▁Joseph ▁Ve er am ana . ▁Joy ▁Ch ak k ung al ▁was ▁a ▁prominent ▁builder ▁in ▁Ern ak ul am ▁City . ▁She ▁is ▁married ▁to ▁Sant im on ▁Jacob , ▁a ▁British ▁business man ▁of ▁Indian ▁origin ▁and ▁now ▁settled ▁in ▁the ▁United ▁Kingdom . ▁Sant im on ▁Jacob ▁is ▁the ▁president ▁and ▁co - found er ▁of ▁Catholic ▁New ▁Media ▁Network , ▁an ▁independent ▁Catholic ▁initiative ▁that ▁aims ▁to ▁reach ▁out ▁to ▁the ▁ends ▁of ▁the ▁world ▁through ▁the ▁Internet ▁and ▁new ▁media . He ▁was ▁a ▁journalist ▁before ▁his ▁transition ▁as ▁an ▁entrepreneur ▁in ▁London . ▁He ▁reported ▁on ▁the ▁Iraq ▁War ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 3 ▁before ▁joining ▁for ▁Masters ▁in ▁Journal ism ▁at ▁Not ting ham ▁T rent ▁University . ▁He ▁also ▁served ▁as ▁the ▁CEO ▁of ▁Sh alom ▁World ▁Television ▁channel ▁in ▁Rome , ▁chief ▁operating ▁officer ▁of ▁E ms y ne ▁Europe , ▁and ▁managing ▁director ▁of ▁H ume ▁Techn ologies , ▁a ▁co - s our cing ▁company ▁in ▁London . ▁He ▁is ▁the ▁author ▁of ▁a ▁number ▁of ▁books , ▁including ▁An ▁Ide al ▁Formula ▁for ▁Computer ▁Learning , ▁G ospel ▁of ▁God ' s ▁People ▁in ▁Ex ile , ▁and ▁Mini - Rem ember ing ▁a ▁Tab ern acle . ▁S ind hu ▁Joy ▁has ▁a ▁brother ▁( V ij esh ▁Joy ) ▁and ▁a ▁sister ▁( |
M ary ▁Eliz ab ath ). ▁ ▁Educ ational ▁qual ifications ▁and ▁institutions ▁attended ▁School ing ▁- ▁St . ▁Mary ' s ▁Con vent ▁EM H SS , Er nak ul am ▁& ▁St . ▁Joseph ' s ▁Con vent ▁EM H SS S , ▁Th rik k ak ara ▁B . A . ▁Political ▁Science ▁- ▁Mah ar aja ' s ▁College , ▁Ern ak ul am ▁ ▁M . A . ▁Political ▁Science ▁ ▁- ▁Mah ar aja ' s ▁College , ▁Ern ak ul am ▁ ▁B . Ed . ▁- ▁St . J ose ph ' s ▁Training ▁College , ▁Ern ak ul am ▁M . Phil . ▁- ▁Ker ala ▁University ▁PhD ▁- ▁Ker ala ▁University ▁Post - Do ctor al ▁research ▁- ▁Ker ala ▁University ▁Post - Grad uate ▁Di pl oma ▁in ▁journal ism ▁- ▁B har ati ya ▁V id ya ▁B hav an ▁K och i ▁Post - Grad uate ▁Di pl oma ▁in ▁computer ▁applications ▁- ▁CH IPS ▁Software ▁Solutions , ▁Ern ak ul am ▁ ▁Post - Grad uate ▁Di pl oma ▁in ▁Coun selling ▁Psych ology ▁- ▁Ker ala ▁University ▁Post - graduate ▁Cert ificate ▁in ▁Coun selling ▁- ▁Ker ala ▁University ▁ ▁Pos itions ▁held ▁ ▁As ▁an ▁active ▁politician , Dr . S ind hu ▁Joy ▁Joy ▁has ▁held ▁various ▁political ▁positions , ▁including : ▁ ▁Chair person , ▁Ker ala ▁State ▁Youth ▁Commission . ▁ ▁National ▁Vice ▁President , ▁Students ▁Federation ▁India . ▁ ▁President , ▁S FI |
▁Ker ala ▁State ▁Committee ▁ ▁District ▁Committee ▁member ▁of ▁C PI ( M ) ▁T riv and rum ▁ ▁In ▁the ▁field ▁of ▁education , ▁she ▁has ▁held ▁the ▁following ▁positions : ▁ ▁Sy nd icate ▁Member , ▁Co ch in ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁ ▁Senate ▁Member , ▁University ▁of ▁Ker ala ▁( tw ice ) ▁ ▁Senate ▁Member , ▁M . ▁G . ▁University ▁ ▁Senate ▁Member , ▁Co ch in ▁University ▁of ▁Science ▁and ▁Technology ▁ ▁Vice - Ch air person , ▁Ker ala ▁University ▁Union ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Comm un ist ▁Party ▁of ▁India ▁( Mar x ist ) ▁politicians ▁from ▁Ker ala ▁Category : Mal ay ali ▁politicians ▁Category : L iving ▁people ▁Category : W omen ▁in ▁Ker ala ▁politics ▁Category : Ind ian ▁National ▁Congress ▁politicians ▁from ▁Ker ala ▁Category : Univers ity ▁of ▁Ker ala ▁faculty ▁Category : M ah ar aja ' s ▁College , ▁Ern ak ul am ▁al umn i ▁Category : People ▁from ▁Ern ak ul am ▁district ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Indian ▁women ▁politicians ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Indian ▁politicians ▁Category : Ind ian ▁women ▁column ists ▁Category : Ind ian ▁column ists ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Indian ▁women ▁writers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Indian ▁writers ▁Category : 2 1 st - century ▁Indian ▁journalists ▁Category : Journal ists ▁from ▁Ker ala ▁Category : W omen ▁writers ▁from ▁Ker ala ▁Category : Writ ers |
▁from ▁K och i ▁Category : Pol it icians ▁from ▁K och i ▁Category : Year ▁of ▁birth ▁missing ▁( l iving ▁people ) <0x0A> </s> ▁Gh ana ▁Association ▁of ▁Bank ers ▁is ▁the ▁u mbre lla ▁body ▁that ▁govern s ▁and ▁provides ▁advoc acy ▁for ▁Gh ana ian ▁bank ers . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Category : Bank ing ▁in ▁Gh ana ▁Category : Bank ers ▁associations <0x0A> </s> ▁T ang ji ash an ▁Lake ▁( , ▁literally ▁" T ang ' s ▁Mountain ▁land slide ▁dam - created ▁lake ") ▁is ▁a ▁land slide ▁dam - created ▁lake ▁on ▁the ▁J ian ▁River , ▁which ▁was ▁formed ▁by ▁the ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁S ich uan ▁earthqu ake . ▁Its ▁name ▁comes ▁from ▁the ▁nearby ▁mountain ▁T ang ji ash an . ▁On ▁May ▁ 2 4 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁the ▁water ▁level ▁rose ▁by ▁ ▁in ▁a ▁single ▁day , ▁reaching ▁a ▁depth ▁of ▁, ▁just ▁ ▁below ▁the ▁barrier ▁level . ▁On ▁June ▁ 9 ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁more ▁than ▁ 2 5 0 , 0 0 0 ▁people ▁have ▁been ▁evac uated ▁from ▁M ian y ang ▁in ▁anticip ation ▁of ▁the ▁T ang ji ash an ▁Lake ▁dam ▁burst ing . ▁ ▁A ▁similar ▁lake ▁in ▁the ▁same ▁province ▁that ▁formed ▁ 2 2 2 ▁years ▁earlier ▁caused ▁one ▁of ▁the ▁worst ▁land slide - related ▁dis asters ▁in ▁history . ▁On ▁June ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 1 7 |
8 6 ▁a ▁land slide ▁dam ▁on ▁S ich uan ' s ▁Dad u ▁River , ▁created ▁by ▁an ▁earthqu ake ▁ten ▁days ▁earlier , ▁burst ▁and ▁caused ▁a ▁flood ▁that ▁extended ▁ 1 4 0 0 km ▁down stream ▁and ▁killed ▁ 1 0 0 , 0 0 0 ▁people . ▁ ▁A ▁" rel atively ▁strong " ▁after sh ock ▁on ▁June ▁ 8 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 ▁shook ▁the ▁massive ▁earthqu ake - formed ▁lake ▁that ▁has ▁been ▁threatening ▁to ▁flood ▁more ▁than ▁ 1 ▁million ▁people ▁and ▁triggered ▁land sl ides ▁in ▁surrounding ▁mountains . ▁ ▁Sold iers ▁used ▁digging ▁equipment , ▁explos ives , ▁and ▁even ▁miss iles ▁to ▁blast ▁channels ▁in ▁the ▁dam ▁in ▁an ▁attempt ▁to ▁relie ve ▁the ▁pressure ▁behind ▁it . ▁ ▁The ▁flow ▁from ▁the ▁sl u ice ▁channel ▁cut ▁into ▁the ▁dam ▁increased ▁dramatically ▁on ▁June ▁ 1 0 , ▁ 2 0 0 8 , ▁going ▁from ▁ 3 0 0 ▁cub ic ▁metres / second ▁to ▁ 7 0 0 0 ▁cub ic ▁metres / second ▁in ▁the ▁span ▁of ▁four ▁hours . ▁ ▁The ▁mud dy ▁waters ▁flow ed ▁rapidly ▁down stream ▁causing ▁flo oding ▁in ▁the ▁evac uated ▁town ▁of ▁Be ich uan ▁and ▁over top ping ▁of ▁dam s . ▁ ▁In ▁ 2 0 1 3 ▁broken ▁banks ▁from ▁a ▁severe ▁flood ▁caused ▁the ▁lake ' s ▁water ▁to ▁fall ▁to ▁ 5 0 3 ▁metres ▁above ▁sea ▁level , ▁ 4 0 |
▁metres ▁below ▁its ▁peak ▁and ▁ 9 ▁metres ▁below ▁its ▁ 2 0 1 0 ▁level . ▁As ▁water ▁rec ed ed , ▁the ▁X uan ping ▁town ▁in ▁the ▁Be ich uan ▁Q i ang ▁Aut onom ous ▁County ▁was ▁revealed . ▁ ▁The ▁lake ▁is ▁now ▁within ▁the ▁Be ich uan ▁Earth qu ake ▁Museum . ▁ ▁L ands at ▁imag ery ▁from ▁ 2 0 1 8 ▁showed ▁that ▁the ▁lake ' s ▁size ▁was ▁greatly ▁reduced ▁do ▁to ▁natural ▁er os ion ▁of ▁the ▁barrier ▁and ▁filling ▁of ▁the ▁lake ▁with ▁sed iment . ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁▁ ▁Natural ▁dis asters ▁in ▁China ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁▁ ▁Category : L akes ▁of ▁China ▁Category : 2 0 0 8 ▁S ich uan ▁earthqu ake ▁Category : B od ies ▁of ▁water ▁of ▁S ich uan ▁Category : M eg af lo od s ▁Category : Land slide - dam med ▁l akes ▁Category : Land sl ides ▁in ▁China ▁Category : Land sl ides ▁in ▁ 2 0 0 8 <0x0A> </s> ▁S plic ing ▁factor ▁ 3 B ▁sub unit ▁ 1 ▁is ▁a ▁protein ▁that ▁in ▁humans ▁is ▁encoded ▁by ▁the ▁SF 3 B 1 ▁gene . ▁ ▁Function ▁▁ ▁This ▁gene ▁enc odes ▁sub unit ▁ 1 ▁of ▁the ▁s plic ing ▁factor ▁ 3 b ▁protein ▁complex . ▁S plic ing ▁factor ▁ 3 b , ▁together ▁with ▁s plic ing ▁factor ▁ 3 a ▁and ▁a ▁ 1 2 S ▁R NA ▁unit , |
▁forms ▁the ▁U 2 ▁small ▁nuclear ▁rib on uc le op rote ins ▁complex ▁( U 2 ▁sn R NP ). ▁The ▁s plic ing ▁factor ▁ 3 b / 3 a ▁complex ▁bind s ▁pre - m R NA ▁up stream ▁of ▁the ▁intr on ' s ▁branch ▁site ▁in ▁a ▁sequence ▁independent ▁manner ▁and ▁may ▁anchor ▁the ▁U 2 ▁sn R NP ▁to ▁the ▁pre - m R NA . ▁S plic ing ▁factor ▁ 3 b ▁is ▁also ▁a ▁component ▁of ▁the ▁minor ▁U 1 2 - type ▁spl ice os ome . ▁The ▁car box y - termin al ▁two - third s ▁of ▁sub unit ▁ 1 ▁have ▁ 2 2 ▁non - ident ical , ▁tand em ▁HE AT ▁repe ats ▁that ▁form ▁rod - like , ▁helic al ▁structures . ▁Altern ative ▁s plic ing ▁results ▁in ▁multiple ▁trans cript ▁vari ants ▁encoding ▁different ▁is o forms . ▁ ▁Inter actions ▁▁ ▁SF 3 B 1 ▁has ▁been ▁shown ▁to ▁interact ▁with : ▁ ▁C DC 5 L , ▁ ▁D D X 4 2 , ▁ ▁P PP 1 R 8 , ▁ ▁SF 3 B 2 , ▁ ▁SF 3 B 3 , ▁ ▁SF 3 B 1 4 , ▁ ▁Clin ical ▁relev ance ▁▁ ▁Mut ations ▁in ▁this ▁gene ▁have ▁been ▁recur rent ly ▁seen ▁in ▁cases ▁of ▁advanced ▁chronic ▁l ym ph oc yt ic ▁le uk em ia , ▁my el od ys pl astic ▁synd rom es ▁and ▁breast |
▁cancer . ▁SF 3 B 1 ▁mut ations ▁are ▁found ▁in ▁ 6 0 % - 8 0 % ▁of ▁patients ▁with ▁ref ract ory ▁an em ia ▁with ▁ring ▁s ider ob last s ▁( R AR S ; ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁my el od ys pl astic ▁syndrome ) ▁or ▁R AR S ▁with ▁th rom b oc yt osis ▁( R AR S - T ; ▁which ▁is ▁a ▁my el od ys pl astic ▁syndrome / my el op rol ifer ative ▁ne opl asm ). ▁There ▁is ▁also ▁an ▁emerging ▁body ▁of ▁evidence ▁to ▁suggest ▁implications ▁of ▁SF 3 B 1 ▁mut ations ▁being ▁involved ▁in ▁orb ital ▁mel an oma . ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Further ▁reading <0x0A> </s> ▁Ch am ▁Ch am ▁ ▁Ch am ▁Ch am , ▁Iran , ▁a ▁village ▁in ▁K erm ans h ah ▁Province , ▁Iran ▁ ▁" The ▁Ch am - Ch am ", ▁a ▁ 1 9 6 6 ▁episode ▁of ▁the ▁TV ▁series ▁Th under bird s ▁ ▁A ▁character ▁in ▁the ▁computer ▁game ▁series ▁Sam ur ai ▁Sh od own ▁ ▁Ch am ▁ch am , ▁an ▁Indian ▁sweet ▁ ▁Ch am ▁Ch am ▁( Sam ur ai ▁Sh od own ) <0x0A> </s> ▁U tre cht ▁Over ve cht ▁is ▁a ▁railway ▁station ▁located ▁in ▁Over ve cht , ▁U tre cht , ▁Netherlands . ▁The ▁station ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁and ▁is ▁on ▁the ▁U tre cht – K amp en ▁railway |
. ▁The ▁station ▁has ▁had ▁ 3 ▁platforms ▁since ▁ 1 9 9 2 . ▁ ▁It ▁also ▁has ▁a ▁kids ' ▁slide ▁to ▁the ▁outside ▁street ▁for ▁use ▁by ▁the ▁busy ▁passengers . ▁ ▁Train ▁services ▁The ▁following ▁services ▁call ▁at ▁U tre cht ▁Over ve cht : ▁ 2 x ▁per ▁hour ▁local ▁service ▁( S pr inter ) ▁from ▁U tre cht ▁to ▁Ba arn ▁▁ 2 x ▁per ▁hour ▁local ▁service ▁( S pr inter ) ▁from ▁U tre cht ▁to ▁Am ers fo ort , ▁and ▁Zw ol le ▁▁ 2 x ▁per ▁hour ▁local ▁service ▁( S pr inter ) ▁from ▁U tre cht ▁to ▁Hil vers um , ▁and ▁Al m ere ▁ 2 x ▁per ▁hour ▁local ▁service ▁( S pr inter ) ▁from ▁The ▁H ague ▁to ▁Le iden , ▁Ho of dd orp , ▁Sch ip hol ▁Airport , ▁Du iv end recht , ▁Hil vers um , ▁and ▁U tre cht ▁ ▁Bus ▁Services ▁▁▁ 1 ▁from ▁Over ve cht ▁Hospital ▁to ▁U tre cht ▁Over ve cht , ▁U tre cht ▁Cent ra al , ▁and ▁U tre cht ▁L un et ten ▁▁ 8 ▁from ▁U tre cht ▁Over ve cht ▁to ▁Over ve cht ▁Z uid , ▁U tre cht ▁Cent ra al , ▁and ▁U tre cht ▁L un et ten ▁▁ 1 0 ▁from ▁U tre cht ▁L un et ten ▁to ▁Trans w ijk , ▁O og ▁in ▁Al , ▁Zu ilen , ▁U tre cht |
▁Over ve cht , ▁R ij ns we erd , ▁De ▁U ith of ▁University , ▁and ▁U MC ▁Hospital ▁▁ 3 0 ▁from ▁Over ve cht ▁Hospital ▁to ▁U tre cht ▁Over ve cht , ▁De ▁U ith of ▁University , ▁U MC ▁Hospital , ▁and ▁W K Z ▁Children ' s ▁Hospital ▁▁ 1 2 2 ▁from ▁U tre cht ▁Over ve cht ▁to ▁West bro ek , ▁O ud - Ma ars se ve en , ▁Bre uk elve en , ▁and ▁Lo os d recht ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁NS ▁website ▁U - O V ▁website ▁Dutch ▁public ▁transport ▁pl anner ▁ ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁opened ▁in ▁ 1 9 6 8 ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁in ▁U tre cht ▁( prov ince ) ▁Category : R ail way ▁stations ▁on ▁the ▁Cent ra al sp oor weg <0x0A> </s> ▁E y gel sh oven ▁is ▁a ▁small ▁village ▁near ▁the ▁town ▁of ▁Ker kr ade ▁in ▁the ▁sout heast ▁of ▁the ▁Netherlands , ▁close ▁to ▁the ▁German ▁and ▁Belg ian ▁borders . ▁ ▁It ▁has ▁two ▁former ▁coal ▁mines , ▁Laura ▁and ▁Julia , ▁which ▁were ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁wives ▁of ▁the ▁two ▁owners . ▁Both ▁p its ▁closed ▁in ▁ 1 9 7 4 . ▁The ▁local ▁soccer ▁club ▁is ▁also ▁named ▁after ▁the ▁former ▁coal ▁mines . ▁ ▁E y gel sh oven ▁has ▁a ▁small ▁former ▁church ▁from ▁the ▁six teenth ▁century , ▁which ▁stands ▁on ▁top ▁of ▁a ▁hill . |
▁In ▁ 1 9 2 2 , ▁another ▁church ▁was ▁built . ▁Architect ▁Al ph ons ▁Bo osten ▁designed ▁the ▁new ▁church . ▁Pl ans ▁to ▁demol ish ▁the ▁old ▁church ▁were ▁abandoned ▁in ▁favour ▁of ▁a ▁new ▁use ▁as ▁a ▁chap el ▁and ▁because ▁of ▁its ▁historical ▁worth . ▁ ▁A ▁third ▁Roman ▁Catholic ▁church ▁was ▁built ▁in ▁ 1 9 5 7 , ▁the ▁Past oor ▁van ▁Ar sk erk , ▁which ▁was ▁torn ▁down ▁in ▁ 1 9 9 4 ▁when ▁it ▁became ▁redu nd ant . ▁ ▁The ▁old ▁mining ▁village ▁of ▁E y gel sh oven ▁was ▁a ▁separate ▁municip ality ▁until ▁ 1 9 8 2 , ▁when ▁after ▁more ▁than ▁eight ▁centuries ▁it ▁was ▁merged ▁with ▁Ker kr ade . ▁ ▁Transport ation ▁▁ ▁E y gel sh oven ▁railway ▁station ▁E y gel sh oven ▁Mark t ▁railway ▁station ▁ ▁See ▁also ▁ ▁List ▁of ▁may ors ▁of ▁E y gel sh oven ▁ ▁Re ferences ▁ ▁Ex ternal ▁links ▁▁ ▁Start pag ina ▁voor ▁E y gel sh oven ▁ ▁Map ▁of ▁the ▁former ▁municip ality , ▁around ▁ 1 8 6 8 . ▁ ▁Category : Pop ulated ▁places ▁in ▁Lim burg ▁( Net her lands ) ▁Category : Form er ▁municipal ities ▁of ▁Lim burg ▁( Net her lands ) ▁Category : M ining ▁communities ▁in ▁the ▁Netherlands ▁Category : K er kr ade <0x0A> </s> ▁Australian ▁patent ▁law ▁is ▁law ▁governing ▁the ▁grant ing ▁of ▁a ▁temporary ▁mon opol y ▁on |
▁the ▁use ▁of ▁an ▁invention , ▁in ▁exchange ▁for ▁the ▁publication ▁and ▁free ▁use ▁of ▁the ▁invention ▁after ▁a ▁certain ▁time . ▁The ▁primary ▁piece ▁of ▁legislation ▁is ▁the ▁Pat ents ▁Act ▁ 1 9 9 0 . ▁Pat ents ▁are ▁administer ed ▁by ▁the ▁Commonwealth ▁Government ▁agency ▁IP ▁Australia . ▁Australia ▁is ▁a ▁member ▁state ▁of ▁the ▁World ▁Intel lect ual ▁Property ▁Organization ▁( W IP O ), ▁and ▁compl iant ▁with ▁Agreement ▁on ▁Trade - Rel ated ▁As pect s ▁of ▁Intel lect ual ▁Property ▁Rights ▁( TR IPS ). ▁This ▁makes ▁Australian ▁patent ▁law ▁broad ly ▁comparable ▁with ▁patent ▁law ▁in ▁other ▁major ▁countries . ▁ ▁Key ▁features ▁ ▁Australia ▁has ▁two ▁kinds ▁of ▁patent ▁available : ▁ ▁a ▁standard ▁patent ▁with ▁a ▁term ▁of ▁ 2 0 ▁years ▁ ▁an ▁innovation ▁patent , ▁with ▁a ▁lower ▁threshold ▁for ▁invent iveness , ▁and ▁a ▁maximum ▁term ▁of ▁ 8 ▁years . ▁Innov ation ▁pat ents ▁have ▁a ▁faster ▁approval ▁process ▁and ▁lower ▁fees . ▁ ▁Australia ▁operates ▁a ▁first ▁to ▁file ▁system , ▁like ▁much ▁of ▁the ▁rest ▁of ▁the ▁world . ▁ ▁Australian ▁patent ▁dat abases ▁The ▁Aus Pat ▁Pat ent ▁database ▁is ▁the ▁official ▁Australian ▁pat ents ▁database ▁operated ▁by ▁the ▁Australian ▁Intel lect ual ▁Property ▁Office . ▁Aus Pat ▁records ▁pat ents ▁dating ▁back ▁to ▁ 1 9 0 4 . ▁ ▁History ▁ ▁Pre - F eder ation ▁The ▁system ▁of ▁grant ing ▁pat ents ▁in ▁the ▁six ▁Australian ▁colon ies ▁was ▁based ▁upon ▁British ▁law |
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