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displayed large photos of the band smith was absent but borland was there depicted as playing with the band with the date written beneath on august one five two days after showing borland playing with the band on their official site durst announced mike smith s departure from the band in an exclusive interview with thearmpit net he said we are very content with mike being gone we are the type of people that stay true to our family and our instincts and at any moment will act on intuition as a whole mike wasn t the guy we had fun playing with him but always knew in the back of our minds that he wasn t where we needed him to be mentally two months prior to the release of their next album the unquestionable truth part one a homemade porn film featuring fred durst was leaked onto the internet it was allegedly the work of the t mobile terrorist although later durst mentioned to mtv that it had been spotted by a man who came to repair his computer who then stole it and spread it about the net later fred was approa |
ched by a company asking him if he wanted to sell his porn film as it was going to be seen anyway he declined and instead filed a lawsuit against the hacker with borland back in the band limp bizkit reverted to the old styling of their name they then returned to the studio with producer ross robinson who had worked with them on three dollar bill y all to create a seven track ep titled the unquestionable truth part one drummer john otto was only able to contribute to one track on the album due to personal matters with sammy siegler providing percussion on the remaining tracks the unquestionable truth part one was released internationally on may three two zero zero five with surprisingly little fanfare the lack of media hype was said to have been a part of durst s strategy resulting in the extremely low first week sales figures of around three seven zero zero zero units greatest hitz limp bizkit s greatest hits album titled greatest hitz was released on november eight two zero zero five a dvd which featured mus |
ic videos for most of their major hits was released in conjunction with the cd the album and dvd were heavily endorsed and promoted by their record label even to the point where durst said he was forced to do interviews because the record label was making him promote limp s new greatest hitz a compilation he s not too excited about the compilation album featured three previously unreleased songs why and lean on me were leftover unreleased material from results may vary they were recorded before mike smith joined the band but later dropped in turn for heavier songs the future there was talks of two new releases the fan anticipated the unquestionable truth part two and an untitled full limp bizkit album unfortunately fred s silence about limp bizkit for the past eight months has had fans upset and confused leaving guitarist wes borland to finally comment on the situation in his blog i posted this in the other blog but figured it might be getting lost there so please read this carefully before jumping to conclus |
ions about me fucking over lb and quitting the band again because i haven t done either a lot of you were asking questions about what has been going on with lb and here is the best report i can give you it s all i know so can we please just leave it at this thanks now here s the post from earlier alright ready here it goes when i originally left limp bizkit it was because i was sick of it for various reasons i made a few friends worked with a bunch of cool people and tried to get a new project together after a few different variations of this project eat the day was one which included three different vocalists the damning well was the other i realised that although some cool stuff had been written it wasn t good enough for me and i was irritated at myself for spending so much time on it because i had just turned down the guitar spot in a perfect circle drag but it was probably for the best shortly after i started talking to trent reznor and started to work with him during the demo process for with teeth and w |
as lined up to be the touring guitar player this was great at the time but the more i thought about it the more i kind of missed playing with bizkit and i thought before i get locked into nin i want to go talk to fred and see if we are still at odds well we talked and it seemed like we weren t anymore so i told trent that i was going to go make a bizkit record and that i was sorry to bow out of nails and he was cool about it we started writing and ended up having to write three records finally we got to a place where fred claimed to be happy with the music and so then we recorded twice once with sammy and once with john fred did vocals on six songs out of one three and stopped we have tried to go back in two times since then with the same result lots of music no vocals recorded so it would seem that what i write now is not what fred wants to sing over and nobody wants to tour touring is also impossible at this point due to last summer s cancellations nobody will book the band currently because they are afraid |
that lb will cancel again so i m depending on only myself now and the few people i work with hope this clears it all up for you while recently co hosting loveline with dr drew fred stated that he is currently directing his one st film and that he is only interested in doing behind the scenes work for the time being he did not say if or when limp bizkit will collaberate again sam rivers is currently in the studio working with the embraced on their first full length record which will be produced by rivers although they are not currently signed to a record label they intend to release the album independently discography three dollar bill y all one nine nine seven album two two us counterfeit one nine nine seven single sour one nine nine seven single faith one nine nine eight single pollution one nine nine eight single airplay only significant other one nine nine nine album one us one zero uk nookie one nine nine nine single eight zero us n two gether now one nine nine nine single seven zero us re arranged two z |
ero zero zero single seven five us break stuff two zero zero zero single chocolate starfish and the hotdog flavored water two zero zero zero album one us one uk take a look around two zero zero zero single three uk my generation two zero zero zero single one five uk rollin two zero zero one single one uk six five us my way two zero zero one single six uk seven five us getcha groove on two zero zero two single airplay only boiler two zero zero two single one eight uk new old songs remix album two zero zero one album two six us results may vary two zero zero three album three us seven uk eat you alive two zero zero three single one zero uk behind blue eyes two zero zero three single one eight uk seven one us let me down two zero zero four single by kroq only almost over build a bridge two zero zero four unreleased single the unquestionable truth part one two zero zero five album two four us seven one uk the truth two zero zero five internet single greatest hitz two zero zero five compilation album four seven us |
home sweet home bittersweet symphony a k a bittersweet home two zero zero five single guest appearances in limp bizkit videos eminem dr dre jonathan davis snoop dogg pauly shore and more break stuff ben stiller stephen dorff rollin bill paxton and thora birch eat you alive halle berry behind blue eyes jonathan davis faith footage from family values matt pinfield rearranged guest appearances in other videos dj lethal house of pain s jump around dj lethal house of pain s shamrocks and shenangians fred durst eminem s the real slim shady fred durst kid rock s bawitdawa fred durst korn s falling away from me fred durst korn s got the life fred durst puddle of mudd s control fred durst soulfly s bleed fred durst staind s home fred durst staind s it s been awhile fred durst staind s just go mike smith britney spears i love rock n roll mike smith staind s outside wes borland big dumb face s duke lion wes borland the crystal method s born too slow external links official site lbunderground de the german limp bizkit f |
ansite community limpbizkit me uk fan site italianbizkit net the italian limp bizkit community limpbizkit international message board thearmpit net limp bizkit fansite limpbizkit pl official polish fan site thepollution net behind the barricade of limp bizkit pmc thepollution net limp bizkit media center back two bizkit net for the fans limpbizkit videos limp bizkit lyrics one nine nine zero s music groups two zero zero zero s music groups alternative musical groups rap metal groups rhythmic top four zero acts nu metal musical groups in modular arithmetic the question of when a linear congruence can be solved is answered by the linear congruence theorem if a and b are any integers and n is a positive integer then the congruence ax b mod n one has a solution for x if and only if b is divisible by the greatest common divisor of a and n denoted by d gcd a n when this is the case and x zero is one solution of one then the set of all solutions is given by mid k in bbb in particular there will be exactly d solution |
s in the set of residues example for example examining the equation a x two mod six with different values of a yields three x two mod six here d gcd three six three but since three does not divide two there is no solution five x two mod six here d gcd five six one which divides any b and so there is just one solution in x four four x two mod six here d gcd four six two which does divide two and so there are exactly two solutions in x two and x five solving a linear congruence if the greatest common divisor d gcd a n divides b then we can find a solution x to the congruence one as follows the extended euclidean algorithm yields integers r and s such ra sn d then x rb d is a solution the other solutions are the numbers congruent to x modulo n d for example the congruence one two x two zero mod two eight has four solutions since gcd one two two eight four divides two zero the extended euclidean algorithm gives two one two one two eight four i e r two and s one therefore one solution is x two two zero four one ze |
ro all other solutions are congruent to one zero modulo seven since the original equation uses modulo two eight the entire solution set in the range from zero to two seven is x system of linear congruences by repeatedly using the linear congruence theorem one can also solve systems of linear congruences as in the following example find all numbers x such that two x two mod six three x two mod seven two x four mod eight by solving the first congruence using the method explained above we find x one mod three which can also be written as x three k one substituting this into the second congruence and simplifying we get nine k one mod seven solving this congruence yields k three mod seven or k seven l three it then follows that x three seven l three one two one l one zero substituting this into the third congruence and simplifying we get four two l one six mod eight which has the solution l zero mod four or l four m this yields x two one four m one zero eight four m one zero or x one zero mod eight four which desc |
ribes all solutions to the system see also chinese remainder theorem modular arithmetic mathematical theorems for the football club see s s lazio latium lazio in italian is a region of central italy bordered by tuscany umbria abruzzo molise campania and the tyrrhenian sea it comprises five provinces rome viterbo latina frosinone and rieti regional capital is rome current president of the region is piero marrazzo center left elected two zero zero five etymology the name of the region also survives in the tribal designation of the ancient population of latins from whom the romans originated in roman mythology the shadowy king latinus allegedly gave his name to the region modern linguists postulate origins in a proto indo european language pie root stela to spread extend expressing the idea of flat land in contrast to the local sabine high country but the name may originate from an earlier non indo european one see the online etymological dictionary since latium is respected more as a designation for ancient rom |
e it is not used as a label on maps or globes history the latins founded a group of small settlements that united against the etruscans and samnites and which came under roman dominance in three three eight bc rome granted all latins roman citizenship after the social war in nine zero bc latium has great importance for history art architecture archaeology religion and culture in general the immense patrimony of the city of rome forms only a part of the treasures spread over the hundreds of towns villages abbeys churches monuments and other sites of the region notable cities rome roma pop two five four six eight zero seven capital city of the region and of the country anzio birthplace of nero site of allied landings in world war ii cassino site of famous monastery and fierce world war ii battle castel gandolfo summer residence of the pope cerveteri site of one of the two best preserved etruscan necropoli in italy civitavecchia the region s principal port frascati city of the wine well known in central western |
europe frosinone pop four five one two eight capital city of the frosinone province pop four seven seven nine five zero latina pop one zero eight seven one one capital city of the latina province pop four eight nine five nine nine nettuno site of allied landings in the second world war site of the american cemetery and memorial site of saint maria goretti s shrine ostia the ancient roman port of rome rieti pop four one three nine four capital city of the rieti province pop one five one zero zero zero tarquinia site of the other of the two best preserved etruscan necropoli in italy tivoli site of hadrian s villa viterbo pop six zero three eight seven capital city of the viterbo province pop two eight five two five four external links official site of the regione lazio in italian map of lazio lazio nuts two statistical regions of europe los alamos usually refers to the united states national laboratory in los alamos new mexico which was founded during the world war ii effort to develop the atomic bomb the manha |
ttan project the facility was one of the two laboratories developing the usa s nuclear weapons during the cold war and is today a major laboratory for both classified and unclassified scientific research los alamos national laboratory it is also the name of a number of geographical locations in the usa los alamos california los alamos new mexico the city where the laboratory is located los alamos ranch school the boy s school the laboratory replaced los alamos county new mexico at least one ship also carried the name los alamos afdb seven was a large floating dry dock lee van cleef lee van cleef from a scene in the good the bad and the ugly lee van cleef january nine one nine two five december one six one nine eight nine was a movie actor who appeared mostly in western and action pictures his sharp features and piercing eyes made him an ideal bad guy though he was occasionally cast in a hero s role born in somerville new jersey van cleef served in the united states navy during world war ii and became an actor |
after a brief career as an accountant his first film was the classic western high noon in which he played a villain van cleef played one of lee marvin s villainous henchmen in the one nine six two john ford classic the man who shot liberty valance with james stewart and john wayne he lost the tip of his middle finger on his right hand at some point this can be seen in the close up shots of his hand during the gunfights in the good the bad and the ugly he appeared in several spaghetti westerns including in for a few dollars more and the good the bad and the ugly both co starring clint eastwood as well as the sabata trilogy van cleef also had a supporting role in john carpenter s cult hit escape from new york he also appeared as a villainous swindler in the bonanza episode the bloodline december three one one nine six zero along with nine zero movie roles and one zero nine other television appearances over a three eight year span in the early one nine eight zero s he played john peter mccallister the first occ |
idental to become a ninja in nbc s the master the show was later featured on two episodes of the cult hit mystery science theater three zero zero zero lee van cleef died in oxnard california and was interred in forest lawn hollywood hills cemetery in los angeles his gravestone says lee van cleef jan nine one nine two five dec one six one nine eight nine best of the bad love and light van cleef was listed as one of the dedicatees at the end of quentin tarantino s two zero zero four film kill bill vol two external links thebad net a tribute to lee van cleef lee van cleef page see also other notable figures in western films one nine two five births one nine eight nine deaths american actors spaghetti western actors american world war ii veterans dutch americans people from new jersey luigi pirandello luigi pirandello june two eight one eight six seven december one zero one nine three six was an italian dramatist novelist and short story writer awarded the nobel prize in literature in one nine three four biograph |
y bust of pirandello in a public park in palermo pirandello was born into a middle class family in a village with the curious name of caos xaos a poor suburb of girgenti agrigento a town in southern sicily his father stefano belonged to a wealthy family involved in the sulphur industry and his mother caterina ricci gramitto was also of a well to do background descending from a family of the bourgeoisie professional class of agrigento both families the pirandellos and the ricci gramittos were ferociously anti bourbonic and actively participated in the struggle for unification and democracy il risorgimento stefano participated in the famous adventure of the thousand later following garibaldi all the way to the battle of aspromonte and caterina who had hardly reached the age of thirteen was forced to accompany her father to malta where he had been sent into exile by the bourbon monarchy but the open participation in the garibaldian cause and the strong sense of idealism of those early years were quickly transfor |
med above all in caterina into an angry and bitter disappointment with the new reality created by the unification pirandello would eventually assimilate this sense of betrayal and resentment and express it in several of his poems and in his novel the old and the young it is also probable that this climate of disillusion inculcated in the young luigi the sense of disproportion between ideals and reality which is recognizable in his essay on humorism l umorismo pirandello received his elementary education at home but he was much more fascinated by the fables and legends somewhere between popular and magic that his elderly servant maria stella used to recount to him than by anything scholastic or academic at the precocious age of twelve he had already written his first tragedy at the insistence of his father he was registered at a technical school but eventually switched to the study of the humanities at the ginnasio something which had always attracted him in one eight eight zero the pirandello family moved to |
palermo it was here in the capital of sicily that luigi completed his high school education began reading omnivorously focusing above all on one nine th century italian poets such as giosu carducci and graf started writing his first poems and fell in love with his cousin lina during this period the first signs of serious contrast between luigi and his father also began to develop luigi had discovered some notes revealing the existence of extra marital relations on the part of stefano as a reaction to the ever increasing distrust and disharmony that luigi was developing toward his father a man of a robust physique and crude manners his attachment to his mother would continue growing to the point of a profound veneration which later expressed itself after her death in the moving pages of the novella colloqui con i personaggi in one nine one five his love for his cousin initially looked on with disfavour was suddenly taken very seriously by the family of lina which demanded that luigi abandon his studies and ded |
icate himself to the sulphur business so that he could immediately marry her in one eight eight six during a vacation from school luigi went to visit the sulphur mines of porto empedocle and started working with his father this experience was absolutely essential to him and would provide the basis for such stories as il fumo ci ula scopre la luna as well as some of the descriptions and background in the novel the old and the young the marriage which seemed imminent was postponed and pirandello registered at the university of palermo in both the departments of law and of letters the campus at palermo and above all the department of law was the epicentre in those years of the vast movement which would eventually evolve into the fasci siciliani although pirandello was not an active member of this movement he had close ties of friendship with the leading ideologists of it enrico la loggia giusseppe de felice giuffrida and francesco de luca in one eight eight seven having definitively chosen the department of lett |
ers he moved to rome in order to continue his studies but the encounter with the city centre of the struggle for unification to which the families of his parents had participated with generous enthusiasm was disappointing and nothing close to what he had expected when i arrived in rome it was raining hard it was night time and i felt like my heart was being crushed but then i laughed like a man in the throes of desperation pirandello who was an extremely sensible moralist finally had a chance to see for himself the irreducible decadence of the so called heroes of il risorgimento in the person of his uncle rocco now a greying and exhausted functionary of the prefecture who provided him with temporary lodgings in rome the desperate laugh the only manifestation of revenge for the disappointment undergone inspired the bitter verses of his first collection of poems mal giocondo one eight eight nine but not all was negative this first visit to rome provided him with the opportunity to assiduously visit the many the |
atres of the capital il nazionale il valle il manzoni oh the dramatic theatre i will conquer it i cannot enter into one without experiencing a strange sensation an excitement of the blood through all my veins because of a conflict with a latin professor he was forced to leave the university of rome and went to bonn with a letter of presentation from one of his professors the stay in bonn which lasted two years was fervid with cultural life he read the german romantics jean paul tieck chamisso heinrich heine and goethe he began translating the roman elegies of goethe composed the elegie boreali in imitation of the style of the roman elegies and began to meditate on the topic of humorism by way of the works of cecco angiolieri in march of one eight nine one he received his doctorate under the guidance of professor foerster in glottology with a dissertation on the dialect of agrigento entitled sounds and developments of sounds in the speech of girgenti the stay in bonn was of great importance for the writer it w |
as there that he forged the bonds with german culture that would remain constant and profound for the rest his life after a brief sojourn in sicily during which the planned marriage with his cousin was finally called off he returned to rome where he would become friends with a group of writers journalists including ugo fleres tomaso gnoli guistino ferri and luigi capuano it was capuana who encouraged pirandello to dedicate himself to narrative writing in one eight nine three he wrote his first important work marta ajala which was published in one nine zero one with the title l esclusa in one eight nine four he published his first collection of short stories amori senza amore one eight nine four was also the year of his marriage following his father s suggestion he married a shy withdrawn girl of a good family of agrigentine origin educated by the nuns of san vincenzo antonietta portulano the first years of matrimony brought on in him a new fervour for his studies and writings his encounters with his friends a |
nd the discussions on art continued more vivacious and stimulating than ever while his family life despite the complete incomprehension of his wife with respect to the artistic vocation of her husband proceeded relatively tranquilly with the birth of three sons in the meantime pirandello intensified his collaborations with newspaper editors and other journalists in magazines such as la critica and la tavola rotonda in which he would publish in one eight nine five the first part of the dialogi tra il gran me e il piccolo me in one eight nine seven he accepted an offer to teach the italian language at the istituto superiore di magistero di roma and in the magazine marzocco he published several more pages of the dialoghi in one eight nine eight with italo falbo and ugo fleres he founded the weekly ariel in which he published the one act play l epilogo later changed to la morsa and some novellas la scelta se the end of the one nine th century and the beginnings of the two zero th were a period of extreme producti |
vity for pirandello in one nine zero zero he published in marzocco some of the most celebrated of his novellas lumie di sicilia la paura del sonno and in one nine zero one the collection of poems zampogna in one nine zero two the first series of beffe della morte e della vita came out the same year saw the publication of his second novel il turno the year one nine zero three was fundamental to the life of pirandello the flooding of the sulphur mines of aragona in which his father stefano had invested not only an enormous amount of his own capital but also antonietta s dowry provoked the collapse of the family antonietta after opening and reading the letter announcing the catastrophe entered into a state of semi paralysis and underwent such a psychological shock that her mental balance remained profoundly and irremediably shaken pirandello who had initially harboured thoughts of suicide attempted to remedy the situation as best he could by increasing the number of his lessons in both italian and german and ask |
ing for compensation from the magazines to which he had freely given away his writings and collaborations in the magazine new anthology directed by g cena meanwhile the novel which pirandello had been writing in this horrible situation watching over his mentally ill wife at night after an entire day spent at work began appearing in episodes the title was il fu mattia pascal the late mattia pascal this novel contains many elements of the autobiographic situation of the author fantastically reelaborated it was an immediate and great success translated into german in one nine zero five this novel paved the way to the notoriety and fame which allowed pirandello to publish for the more important editors such as treves with whom he published in one nine zero six another collection of novellas erma bifronte in one nine zero eight he published a volume of essays entitled arte e scienza and the important essay l umorismo in which he initiated the legendary debate with benedetto croce which would continue getting incre |
asingly bitter and venomous on both sides for many years in one nine zero nine the first part of i vecchi e i giovanni was published in episodes this novel retraces the history of the failure and repression of the fasci siciliani in the period from one eight nine three nine four when the novel came out in volume in one nine one three pirandello sent a copy of it to his parents for the fiftieth anniversary of their marriage along with a dedication which said that their names stefano and caterina live heroically however while the mother is transfigured in the novel into the otherworldly figure of caterina laurentano the father represented by the husband of caterina stefano auriti appears only in memories and flashbacks since as was acutely observed by leonardo sciascia he died censured in a freudian sense by his son who in the bottom of his soul is his enemy also in one nine zero nine pirandello began his collaboration with the prestigious journal corriere della sera in which he published the novellas mondo di |
carta la giara and in one nine one zero non una cosa seria and pensaci giacomino at this point pirandello s fame as a writer was continually increasing but his private life was poisoned by the suspicon and obsessive jealousy of antonietta who began to turn physically violent in one nine one one while the publication of novellas and short stories continued pirandello finished his fourth novel suo marito republished posthumously one nine four one and completely revised in the first four chapters with the title guistino roncella nato boggi lo during his life the author never republished this novel for reasons of discretion in the novel there are implicit references to the writer grazia deledda but the work which absorbed most of his energies at this time was the stories la vendetta del cane quando s capito il giuoco il treno ha fischiato filo d aria and berecche e la guerra were all published from one nine one three one nine one four and are all now considered classics of italian literature as italy entered into |
world war i pirandello s son stefano volunteered for the services and was taken prisoner by the austrians in one nine one six the actor angelo musca successfully recited the three act comedy that the writer had extracted from the novella pensaci giacomino and the pastoral comedy liol in one nine one seven the collection of novellas e domani luned was published but the year was mostly marked by important theatrical representations cos se vi pare a birrita cu i ciancianeddi and il piacere dell onest a year later non una cosa seria and il gioco delle parti were all represented on stage meanwhile with the end of the war pirandello s son stefano returns home in one nine one nine pirandello was left with no alternative but to have his wife placed in an asylum the separation from his wife toward whom despite the morbid jealousies and hallucinations he continued to feel a very strong attraction caused great suffering for pirandello who still in one nine two four deceived himself into believing that he could take car |
e of her at home antonietta however would never leave the asylum which was both her prison and her protection against the resurgence of the phantasms of her overwhelmed mind which made her out to be the passionate enemy of a husband whose world was profoundly foreign to and irremediably distant from her one nine two zero was the year of comedies such as tutto per bene come prima meglio di prima and la signora morli in one nine two one the compagnia di dario niccomedi staged at the valle di roma the play sei personaggi in cerca d autore it was a clamorous failure the public split up into supporters and adversaries the latter of whom shouted asylum asylum the author who was present at the representation with his daughter lietta was forced to almost literally run out of the theatre through a side exit in order to avoid the crowd of enemies the same drama however was a great success when presented at milan in one nine two two and again at milan enrico iv was represented for the first time and was acclaimed univer |
sally as a success pirandello s fame at this point had passed the confines of italy the sei personaggi was represented in english in london and in new york in one nine two five pirandello assumed the artistic direction of the teatro d arte di roma founded by the gruppo degli undici pirandello s conception of the theatre underwent a significant change at this point the conception of the actor as an inevitable betrayer of the text as in the sei personaggi gave way to the identification of the actor with the character that she plays the company took their act throughout the major cities of europe and the pirandellian repertoire became increasingly known between one nine two five and two six pirandello s last and perhaps greatest novel uno nessuno e centomilla was published in episodes in the magazine fiera letteraria pirandello was nominated academic of italy in one nine two nine and in one nine three four he was awarded the nobel prize for literature he died alone in his home at via bosio rome on the one zero t |
h of december one nine three six the novels pirandello s art arises out of a climate of profound historical and cultural disappointment the wound cause by the betrayal of il risorgimento was never definitively healed in the soul of the writer he added to a sense of diffuse disillusionment in italy at the end of the one nine th century a southern disdain for the politics of the newly united italy with regard to the problems of the south pirandello adapted the title of a discourse by f bruneti re la banqueroute de science to describe this attitude which he felt toward the risorgimento la bancarotta del patriottismo the bankruptcy of patriotism this is the phrase he used in his novel i vecchi e i giovani the old and the young one nine zero nine one nine one three a populous and extremely bitter novel which seems to signal a brusque halt in the authors search into the individual conscience which he had begun in il fu mattia pascal the late mattia pascal in i vecchi e i giovani pirandello traces a vast historical |
fresco which fits into an entire southern italian tradition of writing beginning with the vicer of de roberto the novel set in sicily during the period of the fasci siciliani delineates the failure of three myths of the risorgimento of unity of socialism replacing them with a hopeless emptiness with no possibility of redemption but despite the well documented and obvious connections to a precise panorama of crisis there is a clear impression that pirandello s discordance with reality was pre existent the profound discontent and malaise the reasons for unhappiness lay within him as is always the case in every person of an introspective nature that is in every person of a poetic nature according to eugenio montale who was referring to himself on the other hand it is probably precisely the disagreement with reality that constitutes the true wealth of the artist who because of his inability to adapt must abandon the beaten paths in order to travel new and different or forgotten roads animated by a furious need to |
clear away all false certitudes pirandello pitilessly dismantles every fictitious point of reference this initial resolute epoch opens up horizons of disconcerting restlessness reality is seen as having no order and as being contradictory and unattainable it evades any attempt at classification and systematically violates the obligatory nexus of cause and effect which even while seeming to suffocate in an unbreakable concatenation the tiniest spark of freedom permits us to know to predict and therefore to dominate already in pirandello s first novel l esclusa it seems clear that nothing is predictable on the contrary anything and everything can happen there are no secure anchors or objective facts which can be correlated with judgements and behaviour what is a fact for pirandello just an empty shell that can be refilled with a mutable meaning according to the moment and the prevailing sentiment an irrelevant grain of sand can assume the crushing consistency of an avalanche that overwhelms as happens to marta |
ajala the protagonist of l esclusa who surprised by her husband in the awful act of reading a letter from a man is thrown out of the house even though she has done nothing wrong but she will be accepted and taken in again and here lies the humoristic genius only after she has actually committed the act which she was unjustly charged with committing in the first place the obscure will which dominates heavily in the first novel comes out into the open in il turno one nine zero two pirandello s second novel here it manifests itself as the irrational accident careless and spiteful which diverts itself by subverting all human plans or programs for the future the expectations of marcantonio rav are certainly not chimerical illusions they represent the normal projection into the future of what has happened many times before and which is presumably supposed to happen again his attractive daughter stellina thinks the wise marcantonio will sacrifice herself for a short time by marrying the old but wealthy don diego wh |
o according to all common sense predictions will die very soon stellina will then be filthy rich and can marry her true love pep alletto isn t marcantonio s plan perfect but as everyone knows sometimes things don t quite go according to plan and in this case don diego notwithstanding a bout of pneumonia finds the strength to survive however the lawyer ciro coppa who after the annulment of the first hateful marriage became stellina s second husband dies suddenly and unexpectedly perhaps now it will finally be pep s turn but who can be sure reality is at the profoundest level unknowable a secret law manages the great spectacle and often designs capricious circumvolutions of disconcerting coincidences which are certainly not explainable in the light of a deterministic vision of the universe in this obscure labyrinth man questions himself about himself but discovers and the discovery is terrifying the uncertainty of his identity the obscurity of external reality finds in this way in a sort of ironic and upside do |
wn mysticism a correlation in the dark interior which throws into crisis the very stability of the self turning one s eye inward toward one s own consciousness means seeing with horror the threat of disintegration of dis aggregation of the self in one nine zero zero pirandello had already read the short essay by alfred binet le alt rations de la personnalit one eight nine two on the alterations of the personality he cited several excerpts in his article scienza e critica estetica the experimental observations of binet had apparently scientifically demonstrated the extreme lability of the personality a set of psychic elements in temporary coordination which can easily collapse giving way to many different personalities equally furnished with will and intelligence cohabiting within the same individual in binet s proofs pirandello found scientific support for the surprising intuitions of much german romanticism on which he had probably meditated during his years spent in germany steffens shubert and others who h |
ad concerned themselves with dreams were the first to discovery the existence of the sub conscious steffens already spoke of a consciousness which sinks into the night and in jean paul there are already present the ideas of terror of disintegration and the chilling sensation of seeing oneself live pirandello shares the view that the self is not unitary that which seemed like an irreducible and monolithic nucleus multiplies as in a prism the exterior self does not have the same face as the secret self it is only a mask that man unconsciously assumes in order to adapt himself to the social context in which he finds himself each one in a different manner in a game of mobile perspectives compelled only by an interior sense of necessity furnished with different instruments and aiming at other prospects pirandello ventures on his own initiative into territory which will later on end up in freudian psychoanalysis and the analytic psychology of jung jung published his work the self and the unconscious in one nine two |
eight in that work he attempts to scientifically investigate the relationship between the individual and the collective psyche between the being that appears and the profound being jung called the self that appears a persona saying that the term is truly appropriate because originally persona was the mask that actors wore and also indicated the part that he played the persona is that which one appears behind which is hidden the true individual being it s difficult not to be stunned and impressed by the wisdom of pirandello who had been employing these concepts in his art from his very first novel but within the genre of novels it was with mattia pascal that pirandello inaugurated the series of personages to whom he would assign the arduous task of searching for their own authenticity in this heideggerian sense but upon the emptiness left by his presumed death in fact mattia quickly reconstructs another persona which only apparently different from the first in reality represents its grotesque double mattia s |
voyages without any precise destination or practical utility can seem like the modern transcription of the great romantic theme of vagabondage but mattia has nothing in common with the joyous ne er do well of joseph von eichendorff who with the sole companionship of his violin abandons the paternal home and opens his ingenuous eyes on the transient spectacle of the world and he has also has nothing of knulp the more modern vagabond of hermann hesse and other characters of this genre he is not an innocent and ingenuous man freed from all the constrictions of society his voyages are not joyous but filled with the acrid odours of train tracks and stations and they are an obsessive and inconclusive set of movements which in the end will bring him back fatally to the point of departure the dissociation of mattia from the bourgeousie universe based on money and profit is manifested only in the vindictive exercise of his virility with the beautiful oliva the wife of the avid administator batta malagna who had previo |
usly subtracted from him all of mattia s ownings oliva becomes pregnant and through a subtle game of subtractions and grotesque additions everyone is finally paid off this is not the eros of klein the protagonist of the short novel of hesse klein and wagner published in one nine two zero which offers surprising analogies with mattia pascal klein small and squallid beaurocrat exactly like mattia runs away horrified from his own extrerior persona in search of his more profound being on the way he encounters the ballerina teresina and experiences the frankly sexual fascination of the blond hair of the confident and sharp gestuality of the tight stockings on her smooth long legs a shy reserve on the other hand keeps mattia and his author far away from the powerful disruptive force of eros which is transformed into a sickly sweet attraction smelling of talcum powder for the bloodless adriana surprised in her nightgown in the home of paleari pirandello is an author who does not let himself be taken by surprise in t |
he territories of the unconscious his art is not an escape into the shadows nor does it represent a plane of direct conflict with man s interior phantasms his writing although perfectly in line with so much of art at the end of the one nine th and beginning of the two zero th century never drowns in dis aggregation but lucidly transcribes it the oniric and hallucinatory atmophere of the paintings of o redon or of the designs of a kubin are completely foreign to pirandello s sensibility in him the unconscious does not have two aspects a positive and a negative one which can destroy and one which can save the elixir of the devil can never become the nectar of the gods this is why the carefully scrutinized interior monologues of so many characters mattia pascal vitangelo moscarda enrico iv etc never becomes pure stream of consciousness as in joyce s ulysses but moves within the confines of a consciousness humoristically recomposed only to register disconcertedly but extremely lucidly through the narrative its ow |
n defeat the pointed and painful writing assumes in this way the responsibility to represent the unique common thread of a precarious and compromised self pirandello s commitment as a narrator and dramatist revolves around the impossibility of liberation and at times the narrative and dramatic structure itself emphasizes the burning defeat reconnecting the starting points with the ending points in a sort of tragic merry go round the character almost always exemplifies or lucidly denounces his defeat in a sicily which was permeated by cruel prejudices smelling of holy water tranformed into an ashtray anti heroic characters poveri christi trace the graphic of solitude and of alienation the author follows them into the entangled chaos with that ruthless pity which represents the ungrateful wealth of his humoristic vision in which pain and laughter participation and detachment are mixed the novel suo marito one nine one one signals a particularly important moment in the narrative production of pirandello the prot |
agonist silvia roncella is a writer with her pirandello intended to investigate the processes of artistic creation and the relations between art and life the artist for pirandello who is very close to schopenhauer in this alienates himself completely from the normal relations between things and from the impulses of his individual personality principium individuationis in order to grasp the essence beyond existence silvia is a true artist in her the creative activity is dictated exclusively by a natural necessity counterpoised to her stands her husband guistino who tries thousands of different avenues in order to ensure that his wife s art receives concrete recognition economic of course economic it is he who spends his time chatting with the actors while they stage his wife s dramas it is he that suggests that stimulates that establishes relations with critics and journalists without him perhaps no one would know of his wife and her artistic qualities this small man is described by pirandello with great vivac |
ity in a mist of pity and disdain guistino is just made that way he needs to bend everything even the highest things to the dimension of utility silvia is the absolute contrary she is the voice of supremely disinterested artistic creation and experiences moments of pure contemplation when she becomes forgetting herself the limpid eye of the world the commingling deliberately not amalgamated of ancient and new of lucid torments of reason and of desperate desires for immemorial resting places represents the charateristic cipher of this surprising author who certainly does not attenuate the contrasts and contradictions the novel quaderni di serafino gubbio operatore one nine two five brings us into the world of the cinema a world with which pirandello had a contradictory and problematic relationship although he was fascinated by it he condemned it as a mechanical degeneration of the creative activity of the artist with the character serafino gubbio film operator pirandello reflects on the ever more invasive role |
of science and technology the insecurity of modern man the multiplication of perspectives the lack of a unique point of reference are due in his view to the failure of positivistic culture to respond to the ultimate needs and questions of man science has corrupted the ingenuous margins of religion and fractured the anthropocentric perspective the source of security for man in the past man the measure of the universe the free forger of his own destiny who could make pico della mirandola exclaim proudly what a divine thing is man is now only a tiny worm with the awareness of being such and he is without doubt the most unhappy of creatures the brute in fact only knows that which is necessary for him to live man has in him something superfluous because he posits for himself the torment of certain problems destined to remain unresolved in this world as stefano notes lucidly hence the superiority of man over other animals for pirandello following in the tracks of leopardi in the operette morali and the sublime can |
to notturno is overwhelmed by hammering questions without response in these times dominated by technology however the superfluous of man can be offered in a sort of upside down and ironic ecstasy to an inanimate and cruel moloch as happens to serafino who reaches the perfect state of indifference adapting himself completely to the imperious mechanisms of the camera and becoming at the end of the novel completely mute buried in an aseptic silence of things in this strange geography of shipwrecks only one character the extremely lucid vitangelo moscarda protagonist of pirandello s last novel uno nessuno e centomila comes close to a suffered authenticity after the initial humoristic dislocation of the persona everyone around him has formed a vitangelo persona of his own but he will spitefully fracture these inconsistent masks with the complicity of a mirror he seeks to surprise the face of his true interior self but the mirror offers no guarantee of knowledge the result is only a tragicomic doubling in pages dom |
inated by sharp tension pirandello designs the comic drama of the improbable knowledge of a self which like prometheus continually changes and eludes all attempts to to be grasped the alienation from oneself experienced by italo svevo through the various accidents of existence in the ironic coscienza di zeno becomes here a vertiginous immersion in the search for the profound self beyond the deforming exterior stratifications that like the expressionist masks of grosz or dix rigidify but do not express the self deprived of a nucleus is entirely lost here and does not exist if not as tranformation and mutability pirandello in this novel echoes david hume s view of the self as a bundle of transient sensations the interior monologue of vitangelo accompanies the phases of his search and his dicovery with an interior commentary extremely modern in style surprisingly ductile in tone and in expresive register vitangelo after having brought the crisis of the self without hesitation to its extreme consequences in the f |
inal pages approaches liberation he abandons every tie with reality the path to authenticity must go through the itinerary of renunciation and of solitude finally liberated vitangelo feels in every way outside of himself it is an experience which mystics know well as meister eckhart expressed it as long as i am this or that i am not all and i do not have all disconnect yourself so that you no longer are nor have this or that and you will be everywhere when you are neither this nor that you are everything vitangelo not accidentally but with a resurgent act of will reduces the self to the sensation of feeling his own existence in the things around him the self that remains is the profound self in perpetual tranformation where there are no more barriers between interior and exterior this tree i breathe shaking off the new leaves i am this tree tree cloud tomorrow book or wind the book that i read the wind that i drink all outside wayward works l esclusa the excluded woman il turno the turn il fu mattia pascal th |
e late mattia pascal suo marito her husband i vecchi e i giovani young people and old people quaderni di serafino gubbio serafino gubbio s journals uno nessuno e centomila one no one and one hundred thousand sei personaggi in cerca d autore six characters in search of an author ciascuno a suo modo each in his own way questa sera si recita a soggetto tonight we improvise enrico iv henry iv l uomo dal fiore in bocca the man with the flower in his mouth la vita che ti diedi the life i gave you il gioco delle parti the game of roles diana e la tuda diana and tuda il piacere dell onesta the pleasure of honesty l imbecille the imbecil l uomo la bestia e la virt the man the beast and the virtue poetry luigi pirandello was also a poet he published a total of five poetry books mal giocondo playful evil pasqua di gea easter of gea elegie renane renanian elegies la zampogna the bagpipe fiore di chiave flower of key external links the complete works of pirandello in italian presentation for nobel prize his bold and ingen |
ious revival of dramatic and scenic art one eight six seven births one nine three six deaths natives of agrigento italian literature italian writers sicilian writers italian novelists italian dramatists and playwrights nobel prize in literature winners luke was according to tradition the painter of the first icon luke the evangelist greek loukas is said by tradition to be the author of both the gospel of luke and the acts of the apostles the third and fifth books of the new testament in catholicism he is patron saint of painters physicians and healers and his feast day is october one eight his earliest notice is in paul s epistle to philemon verse two four he is also mentioned in colossians four one four and two timothy four one one two works commonly ascribed to paul our next earliest account of luke is in the anti marcionite prologue to the gospel of luke a document once thought to date to the two nd century ad but more recently has been dated to the later four th century however helmut koester claims the f |
ollowing part the only part preserved in the original greek may have been composed in the late two nd century luke is a syrian of antioch a syrian by race a physician by profession he had become a disciple of the apostles and later followed paul until his paul s martyrdom having served the lord continuously unmarried and without children filled with the holy spirit he died at the age of eight four years p three three five some manuscripts add that luke died in thebes the capital of boeotia all of these facts support the conclusion that luke was associated with paul later tradition elaborates on these few facts epiphanius states that luke was one of the seventy panarion five one one one and john chrysostom indicates at one point that the brother paul mentions in two corinthians eight one eight is either luke or barnabas j wenham asserts that luke was one of the seventy the emmaus disciple lucius of cyrene and paul s kinsman not all scholars are as confident of all of these attributes as wenham is luke and the |
madonna altar of the guild of st luke hermen rode l beck one four eight four another christian tradition states that he was the first iconographer and painted pictures of the virgin mary the black madonna of cz stochowa and of peter and paul thus late medieval guilds of st luke in the cities of flanders or the accademia di san luca academy of st luke in rome imitated in many other european cities during the one six th century gathered together and protected painters there is no scientific evidence to support the tradition that luke painted icons of mary and jesus though it was widely believed in earlier centuries particularly in eastern orthodoxy luke and the new testament books contemporary scholarship is far more skeptical about luke s authorship of the gospel attributed to him and acts neither work contains the name of its author although several passages written in the first person plural known as the we sections have traditionally been understood as the eye witness accounts of luke both are also dedicate |
d to one theophilus and acts is clearly meant to be read as a sequel to the gospel account no scholar seriously doubts that the same person wrote both works on the other hand the earliest manuscript of the gospel papyrus bodmer xiv p seven five dated circa ad two zero zero ascribes this work to luke scholars defending luke s authorship point out that there is no reason for these works to be attributed to such a minor figure if he did not write them nor is there a tradition attributing this work to another author see also order of st luke gospel of mark gospel of john gospel of matthew gospel of luke john the evangelist mark the evangelist matthew the evangelist references helmut koester ancient christian gospels harrisburg pennsylvania trinity press international one nine nine zero burton l mack who wrote the new testament the making of the christian myth san francisco california harpercollins one nine nine six j wenham the identification of luke evangelical quarterly six three one nine nine one three four fo |
ur external links early christian writings gospel of luke e texts introductions f l godet s commentary on luke s gospel saints photoshoot for one nine seven three debut album pronounced leh nerd skin nerd lynyrd skynyrd is an american southern rock band described by all music guide s stephen thomas erlewine as the definitive southern rock band fusing the overdriven power of blues rock with a rebellious southern image and a hard rock swagger the band reached prominence during the one nine seven zero s under the leadership of vocalist and primary songwriter ronnie van zant until his death in one nine seven seven background the band first called my backyard was formed in jacksonville florida in the summer of one nine six four by teenage friends ronnie van zant vocals allen collins guitar gary rossington guitar larry junstrom bass and bob burns drums their early influences included british invasion bands such as free the yardbirds and the beatles as well as southern blues and country need all my friends and miche |
lle the former released as their debut single on jacksonville based shade tree records they also won the opening slot on several southeast shows for california based psychedelic rock band strawberry alarm clock classic years one nine seven zero one nine seven seven in one nine seven zero the band began constant rehearsals at the hell house an isolated farm in green cove springs a small city in clay county on the outskirts of jacksonville roadie billy powell joined as keyboardist around this time the final band name also came about inspired as a mocking tribute to rossington s and burns gym coach at robert e lee high leonard skinner skinner would strictly enforce the school s dress code which did not allow boys to have long hair touching the collar or sideburns below the ears after being punished several times the bandmates played a show still as one percent but van zant jokingly announced from the stage that they were now called leonard skinner the name stuck soon becoming lynard skynard and finally lynyrd sk |
ynyrd lynyrd skynyrd continued to perform throughout the south in the early one nine seven zero s further developing their hard driving blues rock sound and image in one nine seven two leon wilkeson replaced larry junstrom on bass wilkeson left just before recording their first album strawberry alarm clock guitarist ed king was called in to fill the role as bass player after the album was completed van zant informed king that he was the worst bass player he d ever played with he suggested king move to guitar so they could reproduce the studio album s three guitar sound soon the band s triple guitar attack became a signature sound van zant married girlfriend judy seymour in one nine seven two producer al kooper was impressed with the band during a performance at an atlanta club called funocchio s in one nine seven two and signed them to mca records he produced their first album one nine seven three s pronounced leh nerd skin nerd which featured the song free bird a tribute to recently deceased duane allman of |
the allman brothers band free bird began to receive national airplay eventually reaching one nine on the billboard hot one zero zero charts the song has also become the subject of a rock and roll clich which is the shouting of a request to hear the song at almost any live concert regardless of the performer this practice has become so commonplace at live concerts it has largely evolved into a parody of itself lynyrd skynyrd s fan base continued to grow rapidly during one nine seven three due in large part to their opening slot on the who s quadrophenia tour in the u s during one of these shows at the cow palace in california the who refused to go on after them because the crowd was still calling for more their second album one nine seven four s second helping was the band s breakthrough hit it featured their most popular single sweet home alabama eight on the charts in august one nine seven four an answer song to neil young s alabama and southern man in a response to their response warren zevon recorded his s |
ong play it all night long which contains the chorus sweet home alabama play that dead man s song however the belief that van zant and young were rivals is incorrect they were actually fans of each other s music and talked of collaborations together young has covered lynyrd skynyrd songs at his own live concerts as a tribute to van zant second helping reached one two eventually going multi platinum the band also toured the u k in one nine seven five with golden earring and in one nine seven six with the rolling stones in july one nine seven four lynyrd skynyrd was one of the headline acts at the ozark music festival at the missouri state fairgrounds in sedalia missouri some estimates have put the crowd count at three five zero zero zero zero people which would make this one of the largest music events in history in one nine seven five burns left the band and was replaced by north carolina drummer artimus pyle the new lineup s first album nuthin fancy was released becoming their first top ten album it features |
the hit song saturday night special two seven on the billboard hot one zero zero chart gimme back my bullets followed in one nine seven six but didn t reach the same success as the previous two albums in december one nine seven five leslie hawkins cassie gaines and jojo billingsley were added to the band guitarist steve gaines brother of backup singer cassie gaines replaced king in one nine seven six just in time to record the double live album one more from the road the band s second top ten hit lynyrd skynyrd s sixth album street survivors was released in october of one nine seven seven it would be the final album released by the original line up original cover for street survivors one nine seven seven updated cover after plane crash one nine seven seven plane crash one nine seven seven lynyrd skynyrd s legend is grounded in a plane crash that occurred on october two zero one nine seven seven three days after the release of street survivors a chartered airplane carrying the band between shows from greenvil |
le south carolina to louisiana state university in baton rouge louisiana was low on fuel and crashed near a forest in mccomb mississippi the crash killed singer songwriter ronnie van zant guitarist vocalist steve gaines vocalist cassie gaines assistant road manager dean kilpatrick pilot walter mccreary and co pilot william gray other band members were injured some very seriously allen collins suffered cracked vertebrae in his neck both collins and leon wilkeson nearly had arms amputated as a result of crash injuries leon had severe internal injuries and a punctured lung gary rossington broke his arm and his heel in the crash leslie hawkins sustained a concussion broke her neck in three places and had severe facial lacerations on the original pressing of the cover of street survivors was a photograph of the band engulfed in flames mca records out of courtesy and good judgment withdrew the sleeve and replaced it with a cover of the band striking a similar pose against a plain black background street survivors b |
ecame the band s second platinum album and was the five top selling album on the u s album chart the single what s your name reached one three on the single airplay charts in january of one nine seven eight lynyrd skynyrd disbanded after the airplane tragedy hiatus one nine seven seven one nine eight six rossington and collins formed the rossington collins band between one nine eight zero and one nine eight two releasing two albums pyle formed the artimus pyle band in one nine eight two collins formed the allen collins band in one nine eight three tragedy struck the band again in one nine eight six when collins crashed his car while driving drunk near his home in jacksonville killing his girlfriend and leaving him permanently paralyzed from the waist down reunion years one nine eight seven present rossington powell king and wilkeson reunited lynyrd skynyrd in one nine eight seven with van zant s younger brother johnny van zant taking over as the new lead singer and primary songwriter due to collins condition |
he was only able to participate as the musical director he became stricken with pneumonia in one nine eight nine and died on january two three one nine nine zero the reunited band was meant to be a one time tribute to the original lineup captured on the double live album southern by the grace of god lynyrd skynyrd tribute tour one nine eight seven but because of an overwhelmingly positive reaction by fans the band decided to stay together and record new material the reunited lynyrd skynyrd has gone through several lineup changes and continue to record and tour today leon wilkeson skynyrd s bassist since one nine seven two died of lung and liver failure on july two seven two zero zero one ronnie van zant s widow judy van zant currently owns and operates freebird live one of jacksonville s premier live music venues located just one block from the ocean in jacksonville beach florida on november two eight two zero zero five the rock and roll hall of fame announced that lynyrd skynyrd would be inducted alongside b |
lack sabbath blondie miles davis and the sex pistols they will be inducted in the waldorf astoria hotel in manhattan on march one three two zero zero six lynyrd skynyrd had been nominated seven times controversy fans of lynyrd skynyrd have been increasingly vocal about the band being overlooked for induction into the rock and roll hall of fame some fans attribute this to their controversial southern image which includes use of the confederate flag perceived to be racist by some however it should be noted that this was also used by other contemporary southern artists including elvis presley and dolly parton nonetheless skynyrd continues to promote southern conservatism by such things as playing for the republican convention in two zero zero four and using stage projections on tour that superimpose the confederate flag over the american flag many skynyrd fans come to their concerts draped in the confederate flag and johnny van zant generally wraps himself in one during the latter half of their show another spec |
ulated reason is the fact that only two original members still remain in the band leading to criticisms that the current band is merely a shadow of the original band interestingly enough the song free bird does make the rock and roll hall of fame s five zero zero songs that shaped rock and roll list country singer charlie daniels posted an online letter and petition directed to the hall of fame in february two zero zero four encouraging fans to sign it in support on november two eight two zero zero five it was announced that lynyrd skynyrd were inducted into the rock and roll hall of fame along with two other bands that some felt had been overlooked for induction black sabbath and the sex pistols as well as others including miles davis and blondie the induction ceremony will be held on march one three two zero zero six in new york city since the singer s interment in one nine seven seven rumors have existed that ronnie van zant was buried in a neil young t shirt as a supposed curse against him although truthf |
ully there was no feud between the two see above band history some fans believe this rumor was the reason the gravesites of ronnie van zant and steve gaines were broken into on june two nine two zero zero zero in orange park florida others believe that this desecration was motivated by the one nine eight six dead kennedys track a commercial which mockingly refered to exhuming the bodies of lynyrd skynyrd van zant s casket was dragged onto the grounds but was not opened gaines cremated remains which were in a plastic bag in an urn were scattered on the ground near his site nine nine of his ashes were recovered the families decided to move their remains to an undisclosed location leaving the mausoleums as memorials for fans to visit trivia leonard skinner was the name of the gym teacher of the boys who went on to form the band he once told them you boys ain t never gonna amount to nothin southern rock opera is a critically acclaimed two zero zero one double album by alt country band drive by truckers a song cyc |
le rather than a real opera the album largely focuses on the mythology surrounding lynyrd skynyrd but also deals with issues of race and politics in america s south song titles include ronnie and neil birmingham cassie s brother and greenville to baton rouge simple man was used as main theme for italian movie they call me renegade one nine eight seven band members classic lineup ronnie van zant lead vocals need all my friends one nine seven one i ve been your fool mca records one nine seven three free bird one nine seven three gimme three steps one nine seven five don t ask me no questions one nine seven four sweet home alabama eight us one nine seven five free bird reissue one nine us one nine seven five saturday night special two seven us one nine seven six double trouble eight zero us one nine seven six gimme back my bullets one nine seven seven free bird live three eight us one nine seven seven what s your name one three us one nine seven seven you got that right one nine seven eight that smell one nine s |
even eight down south jukin one nine seven eight when you got good friends see also best selling music artists external links official lynyrd skynyrd site official freebird live freebird cafe site official ed king site official ed king forum lynyrd skynyrd and neil young friends or foes wall street journal rock s oldest joke yelling free bird in a crowded theater induct skynyrd a legendary hall of fame injustice by ross warner rock music groups jacksonville florida diablo ii lord of destruction is an expansion pack for the popular computer role playing game diablo ii unlike the original diablo s expansion pack diablo hellfire this is an official expansion made by blizzard north new features a fifth act taking place in and around mount arreat in the northern barbarian highlands with an additional act boss baal ethereal items these transparent items cannot be repaired but they may also have better characteristics than their repairable equivalents jewels items serving a similar purpose to gems in that they can b |
e placed in socketed items but which have random characteristics as opposed to the set characteristics of gems and runes charms items giving boosts to character s stats when kept in the inventory of the player two new character classes the assassin and the druid an expanded private stash double the diablo ii stash an alternate weapon shield setup that can be switched between via a hotkey in gameplay runes stones that give powerful attributes to a socketed item when placed in it or even more powerful bonuses when placed in a certain order forming a runeword see section below for more information hirelings mercenaries can now follow the player outside of the act in which they were hired they can also be equipped with armor a helm and a hireling specific weapon as well as a shield in some cases hirelings also gain experience and can be resurrected for a price equivalent to their level when killed class specific items new items that only a specific character class can use these items often contain class specific |
bonuses often adding additional skill points for that character class elite items more powerful versions of items following the normal and exceptional items new unique items including many exceptional and elite uniques new set items including sets that use class specific items ie only one character class can complete certain sets the game can now be played at eight zero zero x six zero zero resolution up from the standard six four zero x four eight zero rune words a powerful runeword enigma rune words are a combination of specific runes that are inserted into a socketed item in a specific order producing an enhancing effect on the item rune words are especially powerful in versions one one zero and one one one although many of the more potent higher level rune words are restricted to realm ladder play only druid this character class is loosely inspired by the druids the priest class of ancient celtic societies the druid calls forth wolves ravens and bears to fight by his side he has a slate of elemental and o |
ther nature based spells including volcano and cyclone armor the druid s most unique ability is shapeshifting allowing him to assume various animal forms including wolves and bears which raise his attack power at the expense of magic the only spell he can perform as an animal is armageddon assassin the assassin is primarily a melee class but she is more subtle than the barbarian and the paladin and does not rely on brute strength the shuriken related skill tree and the katar give this character a much more east asian feel than the west asian muslim hashshashin they are named after the assassin introduces a very different style of play into diablo ii her shadow disciplines consist of amazon style passives and barbarian style masteries along with a few spells such as mind blast which confuse the enemy traps are a new way of attacking enemies she can lay five at a time and once laid they fire or activate a given number of times at nearby enemies before dissipating the assassin can cast spells from the martial ar |
ts shadow disciplines and traps skill trees patch history the expansion was released in summer two zero zero one as version one zero seven the same version as the beta but the one zero eight patch was available for download on the same day within a few months one zero nine was released this was the last patch for two years the much hyped patch one one zero released on october two eight two zero zero three radically changed the game by increasing the difficulty of monsters especially in the nightmare and hell difficulties blizzard also implemented a system of synergy bonuses between skills to give players a reason to invest in low level skills added more high level unique items and rune words enabled resistance lowering skills to break immunities and provided a new hidden realms only quest to defeat uber diablo and gain a special powerful unique charm called annihilus the patch was preceded by the rust storm a sweeping clean up of most or all hacked duped and otherwise illegitimate items on the realms the patc |
h also introduced the ladder a competitive mode of realm play that lets you get your name on a list akin to the high score listing in arcade video games the ladder is reset periodically when this happens all ladder characters are converted to normal characters this provides a fresh and equal start for everyone once in a while even though blizzard does not reset the ladder very often it was reset twice in two years at which time a batch of new rune words was also released the last reset was on august one two zero zero five for the release of patch one one one patch one one one was a surprise for many diablo ii players since many people from the team who made the game and the patches up to one one zero had left the company to found flagship studios the patch introduced among various enhancements and minor bug fixes another uber quest this time involving all three prime evils the reward is another even more powerful unique charm patch one one zero long thought to be a myth or an aborted attempt patch one one zer |
o was announced to the world in may two zero zero two and was finally released to the public on october two eight two zero zero three this patch adds several new features and items into the game ladder characters the patch introduces a new type of characters called ladder characters only ladder characters are ranked on the ladder lists of the top one zero zero zero characters on a realm in different categories and these characters can only join games created by other ladder characters this effectively creates a distinct economy for these characters free from the existing economy where any item in the game is available ladder seasons are also introduced where ladder characters play together for a season the standard season length is still unknown when a ladder season ends the ladder characters are converted to non ladder characters to continue playing in the new ladder season players will have to create new characters thus restarting the economy ladder only features the patch also includes items and cube recip |
es that are ladder only these can be found in game types except non ladder battle net games this restriction was added to compensate for increased monster difficulty in ladder games and also because overall difficulty was further increased as the players have no longer access to their non ladder items to help when a ladder season ends the ladder only items found will be moved to the non ladder realm with the characters and will be quite valuable rust storm blizzard also implemented a new system for identifying and deleting illegal items on the realms the system was dubbed rust storm because hacked items are rusted and removed from the realms when blizzard is made aware of a new hacked or bugged item they can simply update the rust storm filters and the item will be deleted from the entire realm the feature was intended to help keep the economy stable and free from items that give players an unfair advantage the rust storm has had the unintended side effect of actually creating instability in the economy runes |
extremely rare items that are ingredients in the most powerful weapons have become the main currency in the game s economy runes have an extremely low drop rate which would render their availability very limited mass illegal duplication of these runes have made almost every high end rune a fabrication and subject to deletion by the rust storm the problem then arises that player that do not duplicate runes are subject to trading for these runes at any moment these duplicated runes would vanish and leave the legitimate player with nothing leeching and rushing a popular playing style in the pre one one zero realms was to rush a character meaning that the player would have a friend of much higher level the rusher quickly play through the game for them completing the needed quests and skipping the others while the friend of lower level the rushee tagged along at a safe distance this allowed the rushed player to bypass much of the long areas of the game that are time consuming to complete the player would then lee |
ch experience i e gain through no effort of their own from higher level characters to gain levels before continuing leeching experience was most commonly done in the secret cow level since this level could be created repeatedly as long as the cow king was not killed by the game maker and because the level had the highest density of monsters providing a fairly large amount of experience per unit time spent when the game had the maximum number of players with one one zero these tactics were made much more time consuming and more difficult because the amount of experience a player receives from being partied is based on the proximity to the actual fighting and the difference between player levels this was meant to encourage players to play the game the way blizzard designed it in truly cooperative games however the player community found variant methods to leech namely the so called baal runs and pit runs which albeit slower than the cow runs are still well beyond the intended leveling speed skill synergies with |
patch one one zero blizzard introduced a feature called synergies before one one zero seen in the druid s and necromancer s summoning skills synergies allow skills to gain bonuses depending on the skill levels of other related skills this enables the player to build a more varied character while still attaining the efficiency and power of a specialized build the so called cookie cutter variants the downside to synergies is that many pre one one zero characters were made essentially useless because the popular ways to allocate skills before one one zero results in extremely low damage characters after one one zero the world event patch one one zero also introduced the world event this is a server wide event that when in effect replaces the next spawned super unique monster by a diablo clone that is much tougher than the regular diablo act boss monster but also drops the much sought after unique annihilus charm this charm is dropped only in the diablo ii lord of destruction expansion the event is tied to the s |
elling of the stone of jordan or soj a very popular ring that was is as such very extensively duplicated the objective seems to have been the removal of excess sojs from the game when eight zero one two zero sojs were sold on a certain ip server a diablo clone appears in your game spawning from the first superunique monster seen the general player opinion of patch one one zero is mixed some players celebrated the new cheat free environment while others were aggrieved that their characters were affected retroactively by new features drastically altering their efficiency and often forcing them to start over other patch one one zero features include the quality of rare armors helms and weapons was increased over one zero zero new unique items were added monster speed damage and toughness was greatly increased for higher level characters especially in the nightmare and hell difficulties experience gaining penalties for level seven zero characters were increased the number of unique monsters was increased in every |
area and difficulty level two zero new rune words and four six new horadric cube recipes were added new xml format for the patch allowing much easier future modifications patch one one one on july two nine two zero zero five blizzard announced the following a call to heroes july two nine two zero zero five great evil has returned to the world of diablo two will you answer the call to save sanctuary patch one one one is coming patch one one one was generally considered a total surprise by the player base since the team responsible for the game up to patch one one zero had left the company it was announced only two days before its release on august one two zero zero five although the patch disappointed some fans there was no real new content other than the new berquest and several new rune words many longtime bugs and issues were addressed in the patch additionally the patch also made it less of a hassle for the player s hireling to catch up with the player in terms of experience the new berquest involves gett |
ing the key of hate from the summoner key of destruction from nihlathak and key of terror from the countess then cubing each of them into a portal to a new sublevel featuring lilith a renamed andariel ber izual or ber duriel these bosses drop body parts which can be cubed into a portal to chaos tristram in chaos tristram players fight beefed up versions of all three prime evils simultaneously when all three are dead the last one killed drops the new hellfire torch unique charm it gives three to all skills of a random class random bonuses to all attributes and all resistances and two five chance to cast diablo s firestorm attack on striking despite being quite difficult several players found the berquest within a few hours after release the secret seems to be the life tap skill which gives a tremendous five zero life steal and renders characters almost immune to damage there is some speculation on how this quest will affect the one one zero world event which involved only ber diablo and rewarded the player wit |
h a much less powerful unique charm but requires a large number of stone of jordan unique rings to be sold by other players the one one one berquest seems highly exploitable by characters built for it and may well obsolete the world event and the annihilus charm blizzard north the subdivision that created diablo ii and its patches closed its doors on patch day making a new one one two patch highly unlikely however one one one contained several bugs another minor patch named one one one b has been released recently due to the bugs patch one one one also added ten new rune words seven of these have been released and of these seven each one must be done in a three socket body armor they each give two to all skills for a specific class the new ladder season began on august eight th two zero zero five the state of the game some players considered the last patches before the expansion the most balanced and fun of all shortly after the expansion was released players began to notice new ways to exploit the game in or |
der to farm items eventually these item farmers found ways to create bots capable of exploiting the game for items autonomously the addition of monster damage immunities did little to keep some players in check characters would be configured specifically to run one high experience or high drop rate area particularly the bloody foothills a lower difficulty portion of act five repeatedly for accelerated leveling also the shift from the randomized rare items to the preset unique items as the most powerful items in the game greatly reduced character variety certain unique items were vastly superior to most other non unique items of the same category in the game in some cases this created a major power gap between the haves and the have nots in one zero nine the collective attention of the battle net players turned to the secret cow level with its large packs of cows running around with halberds no resistances moderate item drops and high experience rewards as a result the vast majority of hell difficulty games to |
ok place in the cow level additionally pindleskin a unique monster found in the first area of nihlathak s temple was both very easy to reach from town and could drop the majority of elite items this resulted in players killing pindleskin repeatedly to get high level unique items this process proved to be so effective that some of the afformentioned bots were made specificly to farm pindleskin patch one one zero however fixed a great deal of these problems by essentially turning down the quality of item drops in the most heavily run areas blizzard encouraged players to hunt everywhere for powerful items the patch also introduced a large number of new and powerful rune words rune words previously rarely used became a way to create some of the best items in the game most of the new rune words had permanent auras large bonuses to damage stats or defense and the newly introduced and controversial oskill bonuses which grant any class access to specific skills of another class many paladin and barbarian players felt |
that their classes greatest party assets auras and battle orders respectively had been stolen away from them when the ladder was reset in two zero zero four a second batch of even more powerful rune words the season two rune words was added including the powerful infinity which had the resistance lowering immunity breaking conviction aura built in the release of the one one zero patch made casters elemental druids necromancers sorceresses hammerdins and trap assassins extremely powerful versus groups of monsters while weakening physical damage type characters except in the case of bosses where some characters could quickly slay any boss in a matter of seconds with the correct items patch one one one fixed a few subtle game bugs included a stronger anticheat program introduced a new quest and added new rune words the main focus was the new quest which would grant a single extremely powerful charm to the players who completed it the new quest involves conquering three ber versions of some of the game s normal |
bosses mephisto diablo and baal patch one one one b was recently released to correct for the peace bug which allowed players to crash the game and dupe items class histories amazon amazon prior to the expansion the amazon was a heavily played character class with fairly decent damage output the expansion pack introduced some powerful unique bows and crossbows allowing players to kill other players and monsters much faster than most were used to lord of destruction the buriza do kyanon unique ballista windforce unique bow and hand of justice bows were some of the most sought after uniques in the game amazons with multiple shot and any of the prior mentioned weapons were considered very powerful in the cow level the not so secret level that offered enormous amounts of experience and items for very little risk another powerful build involved using items with piercing attack such as the buriza and guided arrow this ability was designed in such a way that a piercing guided arrow returned to its original target and |
struck again up to five times leading to enormous damage however in later patches changes were made which made this tactic unusable for the javelin users the powerful titan s revenge featured high damage and ideal statistics for an amazon javazons typically used the passive ability pierce and the javelin skill lightning fury a piercing lightning fury javelin thrown at a pack of cows usually hit three or four times in quick succession unleashing a deadly storm of lightning bolts powerful enough to mow down the pack in one or two casts the long awaited patch one one zero finally fixed the elemental arrows to properly add the physical arrow damage and introduced some even more powerful runeword bows but the increased game difficulty may have more than made up for that the amazon s skill set is peculiar in theory she appears to be a melee ranged hybrid class and her skill tree is easy to understand javelin and spear skills passive and magic skills and bow skills are in their own separate branches in practice her |
defensive skills still make it very challenging to stand toe to toe with enemies to use her melee skills effectively her spears are also very challenging to use especially as her high end spear skills fend and lightning strike have bugs to reduce their damage potential the amazon is very item dependent in general and bow dependent in particular making her a character for the richer players and not very novice friendly despite her simple skill tree a significant amount players tend to duel with javazons that use charged strike also gear dependent requiring many lightning skill items in order to make the character build effective assassin in terms of play experience the assassin switches between skills perhaps more rapidly than other classes which can result in something of a function key staccato in order to perform a sequence of moves for this reason the player base of the class was sometimes thought of as more difficult than that of other classes martial arts provide a new style of attacking enemies they in |
troduce the concept of charges each of her martial arts attacks instead of producing an immediate effect adds a charge to her these charges last as long as the assassin is in combat she can hold up to three of a given attack type and she can potentially have three charges of every attack active simultaneously she then needs to perform a finishing move perform either a normal attack or use a martial arts skill of the sort called a finishing move at which point all the charges release depending on how many charges were built up for an ability the finishing move effect changes phoenix strike for example releases a meteor with only one charge a chain of lightning with two charges and a chaotic blast of ice with three charges despite the assassin s low hit points she is one of the simpler classes to play due to the mind blast skill which stuns or converts an area of enemies rendering them essentially harmless but she is also one of the most complex characters to play due to her charges and releasing attacks lord o |
f destruction when the expansion was released the class was notoriously bug ridden there was a brief episode when she could kill anything in the game by converting them with mind blast and waiting for them to unconvert which erroneously reduced their hit points to one but this was quickly fixed the assassin had to rely heavily on melee to do decent damage as her trap skills devices planted anywhere on the screen to shoot fire or lightning at the enemy did negligible damage the assassin s weapon of choice claws and often dual wielded katars were on the low end of the damage scale forcing her to rely on elemental melee skills alone the buff skill burst of speed was a common sight greatly increasing her movement and attack speed patch one one zero greatly improved the trap skills tab with some of the best synergy bonuses in the game but also rendered melee combat suicidal in hell difficulty causing both trees to switch in terms of efficacy lightning sentry with synergies is one of the most powerful spells of any |
character in the game two or three castings of mind blast can stop an entire pack of monsters dead with lightning sentry as the coup de gr ce the fire traps are both weak and bugged and usually not recommended for hell difficulty so most trap assassins choose fire blast as their weapon of choice against lightning immune creatures because of patch one one zero the trap based assassin is one of the best characters in the game for new players and those without good equipment while lacking the demigod status of perfectly built paladins with top end equipment she is by far the most powerful character without ber items the melee assassin is much less powerful more dangerous and generally played by those who like a challenge also an interesting exploit is an assasin armed with a pike the most damaging but slowest weapon in the game using the blade fury skill which launches blades at a constant rate but deals damage from the weapon itself this leads to quite interesting and quite damaging machinegunning barbarian ba |
rbarian in classic diablo ii this was one of the popular characters classes for power leveling and dueling lord of destruction the monster s global five zero physical resistance introduced in the expansion took a major toll upon the damage output of barbarians physical immune monsters became a problem and forced many barbarians to get the magic damage berserk skill the critical life steal and mana steal item properties were weakened in several ways as well still barbarians were one of the stronger classes in the game yielding only to amazons and sorceresses with the arrival of patch one one zero the global physical resistance was removed but the greatly increased difficulty made melee combat tricky the class became highly item dependant and mostly popular among rich players with rune words such as breath of the dying being notoriously hard to find or make in summary the class is fairly straight forward to build up but a barbarian without a particularly selective skill build will have some serious problems in |
later on in the game and having access to high end items is almost a requirement for hell difficulty druid lord of destruction in the expansion pack beta the druid was a formidable character skills such as werebear and hurricane at a high level made the class very hard to damage this was fixed before the beta ended and the skills have seen several balancings in subsequent patches when the expansion pack was released the druid had become a harder class to play his elemental spells had lost a lot of their former potency and most were on a long skill timer and usually missed or were otherwise very difficult to aim werewolf based druids stood a better chance in hell difficulty but even then the werewolf was not very resilient compared to many other classes this problem wasn t remedied until patch one one zero to the left the assassin to the right the druid in patch one one zero the new skill synergies greatly changed the gameplay of the elemental druid hurricane and armageddon both high level spells that created |
a zone of death around the caster could now be stacked due to the duration synergy armageddon could now be cast in animal form which was rarely used due to the large amount of skill points required for such a build and the elemental skills in general and tornado in particular received a massive damage boost patch one one zero did not alter the play style of the shapeshifter much the contemporary werewolf still relied on fury to deal large amounts of melee damage quickly the life steal provided by feral rage was enough to render a high level druid near invincible given a good unique or runeword weapon rabies was used occasionally in duels mainly because it was bugged and not affected by poison length reduction the often neglected summoning tree was already underpowered when the expansion was released and continued to be rarely used after patch one one zero despite some improvements to the tree via the new skill synergies necromancer necromancer prior to the expansion the necromancer was a moderately powered cl |
ass with many necro s using the damage reflecting curse iron maiden corpse explosion and revived monsters to deal damage while somewhat slow to kill the fact that the health of revived monsters scaled with number of players allowed the necromancer to almost ignore game size while all other classes had a much tougher time in large player count games lord of destruction the release of the expansion radically changed the strategies of most necromancers monsters had so much life and physical resistance that revive and iron maiden failed to do any significant damage revived monsters no longer scaled up with number of players in the game physical immunes were a roadblock summoning spells in general were far too weak to be more than a distraction and necromancers were forced to use the direct damage spell bone spirit exclusively to make progress in hell difficulty bone spirit being one of the least efficient direct damage spells in the game particularly for the rather bizarre mana cost of the spell in patch one one |
zero the necromancer was redefined by the modifications to raise skeleton this formerly under used low level skill received a major boost and gave the player significantly stronger minions capable of clearing hell difficulty on their own with the amplify damage skill which now removed physical immunity patch one one zero also brought about a rebirth in bone skills previous to this patch the necromancers most powerful bone spell bone spirit dealt negligible damage patch one one zero added synergy bonuses to the bone spells increasing their damage immensely the class specific necromancer set trang oul s avatar was modified in one one zero in a curious way it now turned the wearer into a vampire class monster and granted the ability to use the sorceress skills firewall fireball and meteor this allowed the necromancer player to ignore direct damage skills entirely and rely on the set s fire skills to deal direct damage all in all the skelliemancer is the best class for new players and players without good items a |
nd still one of the best classes for rich players the class requires no expensive rune words to be useful and in fact there are very few rune words that are actually useful for the class trang oul s set is much easier to collect than the runes for most high level rune words and some would say that trang oul s and a good wand are all a necromancer needs to be successful paladin paladin prior to the expansion many considered the hammerdin build combined with a known game bug to be a better strategy in comparison to melee combat paladins lord of destruction the expansion pack weakened the hammerdin builds and the advent of immunities and a global five zero physical resistance put many paladin builds incapable of dealing elemental damage at a major disadvantage fanaticism was boosted greatly and replaced concentration as the aura of choice but due to the global physical resistance the class actually did less damage than before the expansion since this patch introduced items with built in auras many players felt t |
hat the main selling point of the paladin had been given away to other classes although some of the required items using auras were rare patch one one zero also fixed the bug that allowed aura flashing rapidly switching between an enemy affecting and a party affecting aura to get the benefits of two auras at once which affected some paladin bugs negatively the global physical resistance was removed and the game difficulty had been increased enough to make some of the defensive auras more useful the newly implemented skill synergies allowed paladins to boost their skill damage to new heights in particular the blessed hammer spell that now besides increased damage also ignored resistances of undead and demon class enemies caused a renewed interest in hammerdin builds with many players once again considering it overpowered as examples of common blessed hammer abuses in duels using the enigma runeword which provides the teleport skill the paladin player can teleport on top of the opponent and kill the player in o |
ne hammer hit which is considered unfair by other classes the new items with the damage x modifier increase the damage of the smite shield bash skill though which makes the melee paladin a decent boss killer the paladin specific runeword exile features a chance to cast life tap on striking which renders the zeal using paladin near invulnerable against normal monsters and most bosses high end zealot zeal user equipment became the most expensive and most difficult to find in patch one one one shortly after the addition of the new pandemonium quest smiter paladins who primarily use the smite skill became popular as they are one of the few builds that can solo chaotic tristram possibly the only build to do so the reason is that smite is not only an incredibly fast attack using a suitable weapon at high levels but it also ignores attack rating and monster defense when calculating accuracy meaning that smiters can essentially hit with nine five accuracy the highest possible accuracy sorceress sorceress prior to the |
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