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viticus rabbah one zero midrash tehilim one three three one aaron s death as described in the haggadah was of a wonderful tranquillity accompanied by moses his brother and by eleazar his son aaron went to the summit of mount hor where the rock suddenly opened before him and a beautiful cave lit by a lamp presented itself to his view take off thy priestly raiment and place it upon thy son eleazar said moses and then follow me aaron did as commanded and they entered the cave where was prepared a bed around which angels stood go lie down upon thy bed my brother moses continued and aaron obeyed without a murmur then his soul departed as if by a kiss from god the cave closed behind moses as he left and he went down the hill with eleazar with garments rent and crying alas aaron my brother thou the pillar of supplication of israel when the israelites cried in bewilderment where is aaron angels were seen carrying aaron s bier through the air a voice was then heard saying the law of truth was in his mouth and iniquity |
was not found on his lips he walked with me in righteousness and brought many back from sin malachi two six seven he died according to seder olam r nine rosh ha shanah two three a and josephus antiquities of the jews four four seven on the first of ab josephus says also that he died while the multitude looked upon him the pillar of cloud which proceeded in front of israel s camp disappeared at aaron s death see seder olam nine and rosh ha shanah two b three a the seeming contradiction between numbers two zero two two et seq and deuteronomy one zero six is solved by the rabbis in the following manner aaron s death on mount hor was marked by the defeat of the people in a war with the king of arad in consequence of which the israelites fled marching seven stations backward to mosera where they performed the rites of mourning for aaron wherefore it is said there at mosera died aaron see mekilta beshalla wayassa one tan uma hu at one eight yerushalmi so ah one one seven c and targum yerushalmi numbers and deutero |
nomy on the above mentioned passages the rabbis also dwell with special laudation on the brotherly sentiment which united aaron and moses when the latter was appointed ruler and aaron high priest neither betrayed any jealousy instead they rejoiced in one another s greatness when moses at first declined to go to pharaoh saying o my lord send i pray thee by the hand of him whom thou wilt send exodus four one three he was unwilling to deprive aaron his brother of the high position the latter had held for so many years but the lord reassured him saying behold when he seeth thee he will be glad in his heart exodus four one four indeed aaron was to find his reward says simon ben yo ai for that heart which had leaped with joy over his younger brother s rise to glory greater than his was decorated with the urim and thummim which were to be upon aaron s heart when he goeth in before the lord canticles rabbah one one zero moses and aaron met in gladness of heart kissing each other as true brothers exodus four two seven |
compare song of songs eight one and of them it is written behold how good and how pleasant it is for brethren to dwell together in unity psalms one three three one of them it is said psalms eight five one zero mercy and truth are met together righteousness and peace have kissed each other for moses stood for righteousness according to deuteronomy three three two one and aaron for peace according to malachi two six again mercy was personified in aaron according to deuteronomy three three eight and truth in moses according to numbers one two seven tan uma shemot ed buber two four two six when moses poured the oil of anointment upon the head of aaron aaron modestly shrank back and said who knows whether i have not cast some blemish upon this sacred oil so as to forfeit this high office then the holy spirit spake the words behold the precious ointment upon the head that ran down upon the beard of aaron that even went down to the skirts of his garment is as pure as the dew of hermon psalms one three three two thr |
ee heb sifra shemini milluim tan uma korah ed buber one four genetics recently the tradition that kohanim are actually descended from aaron was supported by genetic testing skorecki et al one nine nine seven since all direct male lineage shares a common y chromosome testing was done across sectors of the jewish population to see if there was any commonality between their y chromosomes there was proven to be certain distinctions among the cohen modal haplotype implying that the kohanim do share some common ancestry this information was used to support the claim of the lemba a sub saharan tribe that they were in fact a tribe of jews according to the documentary hypothesis the biblical representation of his character negative and shadowy compared with moses s may be viewed in several ways a clue to the seemingly contradictory delineations of aaron other than the obvious explanation that he is a complex character is found in the framework of documentary analysis see also hexateuch which is accepted by some but no |
t all scholars according to those who accept the documentary hypothesis the following portions of text belong to one e two j three d and four p sources respectively with the fifth item being from ezekiel aaron as fallible these passages do not represent aaron as a sacrosanct priest he comes to meet moses exodus four one four supports him in war exodus one seven one two and jurisprudence exodus two four one four he yields to the people and makes the calf exodus three two and with miriam criticises moses for marrying a cushite woman miriam is subsequently punished numbers one two he is present at the sacrificial covenant meal between israel and the kenites exodus one eight one two in this aspect joshua instead of aaron serves in the tent exodus three three one one aaron as moses s prophet this representation concerns the covenant meal on sinai exodus two four one two nine one one and the vague charge that aaron let the people loose exodus three two two five aaron seems to be an afterthought in the plague narrat |
ive exodus eight two five in both this and the last view moses is the viceregent of god and aaron is moses prophet exodus four one six seven one aaron as idolatrous in deuteronomy nine aaron is partly responsible for the building of the golden calf the story says that yahweh is so angry toward aaron that he was about to destroy him it appears that it is only moses s intercessory prayer and his destruction of the golden calf which saves aaron the account of his death in deuteromy one zero six is different from that in numbers two zero two two according to deuteronomy it occurred at moserah seven stations from mount hor numbers three three three zero in the early months of the wandering because of the sign of the golden calf the only other passage in reference to aaron in deuteronomy merely states that he is the brother of moses deuteronomy three two five zero aaron as subordinate the first three simpler plagues aaron brings on at moses command thereafter moses himself is the actor in the narratives numbers one |
six one seven it is moses in each case who vindicates him aaron dies at mount hor in the fortieth year of the exodus numbers two zero two two three three three eight because of rebellion at meribah cf deuteronomy as above aaron as non priestly in leviticus one seven two six aaron appears only in redactional passages connecting the law of holiness with its present context in ezekiel four zero four eight zadok not aaron is the eponym of the priestly line four four one five etc in the qur an in the qur an he is known as harun references numbers rabbah nine leviticus rabbah one zero midrash pe irat aharon in jellinek s bet ha midrash one nine one nine five yal u numbers seven six four baring gould legends of old testament characters chronicles of jerahmeel ed m gaster pp cx one one three zero one three three b beer in wertheimer s jahrb one eight five five hamburger der geist der haggada pp one eight the same realencyklop die f r bibel und talmud s v see also kohen y chromosomal aaron documentary hypothesis theo |
ries on the alternate meaning of aaron s presence in the torah one five nine seven bc births one four seven four bc deaths torah people april four is the nine four th day of the year in the gregorian calendar nine five th in leap years there are two seven one days remaining events one five eight one francis drake completes a circumnavigation of the world and is knighted by elizabeth i one seven two one sir robert walpole enters office as the first prime minister of the united kingdom under king george i one eight one two u s president james madison enacted a ninety day embargo on trade with the united kingdom one eight one four napoleon abdicates for the first time one eight one eight the u s congress adopts the flag of the united states as having one three red and white stripes and one star for each state two zero stars with additional stars to be added whenever a new state is added to the union one eight four one president william henry harrison dies of pneumonia becoming the first president of the united s |
tates to die in office and at one month the elected president with the shortest term served one eight five zero los angeles california is incorporated as a city one eight five nine bryant s minstrels debut dixie in new york city in the finale of a blackface minstrel show one eight six five american civil war a day after union forces capture richmond virginia u s president abraham lincoln visits the confederate capital one eight six six alexander ii of russia narrowly escapes an assassination attempt in the city of kiev a design for a city gate to commemorate his escape was the inspiration for mussorgsky s the great gate of kiev from pictures at an exhibition one eight eight seven argonia kansas elects susanna m salter as the first female mayor in the united states one nine zero five in india an earthquake near kangra kills three seven zero zero zero zero one nine one eight world war i second battle of the somme ends one nine three nine faisal ii becomes king of iraq one nine four five world war ii american tr |
oops liberate ohrdruf death camp in germany one nine four five world war ii soviet army liberates hungary one nine four nine twelve nations sign the north atlantic treaty creating the north atlantic treaty organisation one nine six four the beatles occupy all of the top five positions on the billboard singles chart in the united states one nine six eight martin luther king jr assassinated in memphis one nine six eight apollo program nasa launches apollo six one nine six nine dr denton cooley implants the first temporary artificial heart one nine six nine the smothers brothers comedy hour is cancelled after the brothers failed to submit an episode before its broadcast date one nine seven three the world trade center in new york is officially dedicated one nine seven four hank aaron of the atlanta braves ties babe ruth s home run record of seven one four in the first inning against the cincinnati reds one nine seven five vietnam war operation baby lift a united states air force c five a galaxy crashes near saig |
on south vietnam shortly after takeoff transporting orphans one seven two people are killed one nine seven six prince norodom sihanouk resigns as leader of cambodia and is placed under house arrest one nine seven nine president zulfikar ali bhutto of pakistan is executed one nine eight one in dublin ireland bucks fizz win the twenty sixth eurovision song contest for the united kingdom singing making your mind up one nine eight three space shuttle challenger makes its maiden voyage into space one nine eight four president ronald reagan calls for an international ban on chemical weapons one nine eight eight governor evan mecham of arizona is convicted in his impeachment trial and removed from office one nine nine one senator john heinz of pennsylvania and six others are killed when a helicopter collides with their plane over merion pennsylvania one nine nine four netscape communications corporation is founded under the name mosaic communications corporation by marc andreessen and jim clark two zero zero three s |
ammy sosa becomes the one eight th member of the five zero zero home run club with a home run at great american ball park in cincinnati ohio two zero zero four muqtada al sadr s mahdi army stage an uprising in several towns and cities in iraq after the coalition s closure of sadr s al hawza newspaper births one eight six caracalla roman emperor d two one seven one four nine two ambrosius blarer german reformer d one five six four one five nine three edward nicholas english statesman d one six six nine one six four six antoine galland french archaeologist d one seven one five one six four eight grinling gibbons dutch born woodcarver d one seven two one one six eight eight joseph nicolas delisle french astronomer d one seven six eight one seven one eight benjamin kennicott english churchman and hebrew scholar d one seven eight three one seven eight five bettina von arnim german writer d one eight five nine one eight zero two dorothea dix american social activist d one eight eight seven one eight one nine queen |
maria ii of portugal d one eight five three one eight two six z nobe gramme belgian engineer d one nine zero one one eight four six comte de lautr amont french writer d one eight seven zero one eight seven five pierre monteux french conductor d one nine six four one eight seven six maurice de vlaminck french painter d one nine five eight one eight eight four isoroku yamamoto japanese naval commander d one nine four three one eight eight eight tris speaker baseball player d one nine five eight one eight nine five arthur murray american dance teacher d one nine nine one one eight nine eight agnes ayres american actress d one nine four zero one nine zero two louise leveque de vilmorin french actress d one nine six nine one nine zero six bea benaderet american actress d one nine six eight one nine zero six john cameron swayze american journalist and television host d one nine nine five one nine one one max dupain australian photographer d one nine nine two one nine one three frances langford american actress d tw |
o zero zero five one nine one four marguerite duras french writer d one nine nine six one nine one five muddy waters american musician d one nine eight three one nine two zero ric rohmer french film director one nine two two elmer bernstein american composer d two zero zero four one nine two four gil hodges baseball player d one nine seven two one nine two eight maya angelou american writer one nine three one bobby ray inman american admiral and intelligence director one nine three two anthony perkins american actor d one nine nine two one nine three two andrei tarkovsky russian film director d one nine eight six one nine three two richard lugar american politician one nine three four clive davis american record producer one nine three eight a bartlett giamatti american university president and baseball commissioner one nine three nine hugh masekela south african musician one nine four zero sharon sheeley american songwriter one nine four two kitty kelley american writer one nine four four craig t nelson amer |
ican actor one nine four five daniel cohn bendit french political activist one nine four six dave hill english guitarist slade one nine four seven luke halpin american actor one nine four seven wiranto indonesian general one nine four eight dan simmons american writer one nine four eight abdullah calan kurdish leader one nine four eight derek thompson northern irish actor one nine five zero christine lahti american actress one nine five one hun sen prime minister of cambodia one nine five two rosemarie ackermann german athlete one nine five three robert bertrand canadian politician one nine five six david e kelley american writer and television producer one nine five seven aki kaurism ki finnish film director one nine five seven nobuyoshi kuwano japanese television performer and musician rats big daddy roth american custom car designer b one nine three two two zero zero two harry l o connor czech born film stuntman two zero zero three resortes mexican comedian b one nine one six two zero zero four casey sheeh |
an american soldier son of cindy sheehan b one nine seven nine two zero zero five edward bronfman canadian businessmen b one nine two four holidays and observances lesotho heroes day external links bbc on this day the new york times on this day on this day in canada april three april five march four may four listing of all days april six is the nine six th day of the year in the gregorian calendar nine seven th in leap years there are two six nine days remaining events six four eight bc earliest solar eclipse recorded by the ancient greeks four zero two stilicho stymies the visigoths under alaric in the battle of pollentia one three two zero the scots reaffirm their independence by signing the declaration of arbroath one three two seven the poet petrarch first saw his idealized love laura in the church of saint clare in avignon one six five two dutch sailor jan van riebeeck establishes a resupply camp at the cape of good hope which will eventually develop into cape town one seven eight two rama i succeeds kin |
g taksin of thailand who was overthrown in a coup d tat one eight zero eight john jacob astor incorporates the american fur company one eight three zero the church of jesus christ of latter day saints is formed by joseph smith jr at fayette new york one eight three two indian wars black hawk war begins the sauk warrior black hawk enters into war with the united states one eight four one john tyler is inaugurated as the one zero th president of the united states one eight six two american civil war battle of shiloh begins in tennessee forces under union general ulysses s grant meet confederate troops led by general albert sidney johnston at shiloh one eight six five american civil war battle of sayler s creek confederate general robert e lee s army of northern virginia fights its last major battle while in retreat from richmond virginia one eight six nine celluloid is patented one eight eight six vancouver british columbia is incorporated as a city one eight nine three salt lake temple of the church of jesus c |
hrist of latter day saints dedicated by wilford woodruff one eight nine five oscar wilde is arrested after losing a libel case against the john sholto douglas nine th marquess of queensberry one eight nine six in athens the opening of the first modern olympic games after one five zero zero years after being banned by roman emperor theodosius i one nine zero three the kishinev pogrom in kishinev bessarabia began forcing tens of thousands of jews to later seek refuge in israel and the west one nine zero nine robert peary allegedly reaches the north pole one nine one one ded gjon luli dedvukaj leader of the mal sori albanians raises the albanian flag in the town of tuzi montenegro for the first time after gjergj kastrioti skenderbeg one nine one seven world war i united states declares war on germany see wilson s address to congress one nine two six walter varney airlines makes first commercial flight from pasco washington to elko nevada varney is the root company of united airlines one nine three zero gandhi ra |
ised a lump of mud and salt some say just a pinch some say just a grain and declared with this i am shaking the foundations of the british empire thus he started salt satyagraha one nine three zero hostess twinkies are invented one nine three zero will rogers starts broadcasting the will rogers program on radio one nine three one little orphan annie debuts on the blue network of nbc one nine three six tupelo gainesville outbreak another tornado from the same storm system as the tupelo tornado hits gainesville georgia killing two zero three one nine four one world war ii operation castigo begins germany invades kingdom of yugoslavia and greece one nine six five early bird the first communications satellite to be placed in synchronous orbit is launched one nine six eight in london united kingdom massiel wins the thirteenth eurovision song contest for spain singing la la la one nine seven zero four california highway patrol officers die in one of the worst cop killings in the chp s history this is known as the n |
ewhall incident one nine seven two vietnam war easter offensive the first day of clear weather in three days allows american forces to start sustained air strikes and naval bombardments one nine seven three launch of pioneer one one spacecraft one nine seven four the california jam rock concert begins one nine seven four in brighton united kingdom abba wins the nineteenth eurovision song contest for sweden singing waterloo one nine eight four members of cameroon s republican guard from country s northern region attack various government buildings in an unsuccessful attempt to overthrow the government headed by paul biya one nine eight seven sugar ray leonard takes the middleweight boxing title from marvin hagler one nine nine three russian nuclear accident at tomsk seven one nine nine four the rwandan genocide begins when the aircraft carrying rwandan president juv nal habyarimana and burundian president cyprien ntaryamira is shot down by extremists one nine nine eight pakistan tests medium range missiles cap |
able of hitting india one nine nine eight the dow jones industrial average gains four nine eight two to close at nine zero three three two three its first ever close above nine zero zero zero two zero zero one miller park opens in milwaukee wisconsin two zero zero four rolandas paksas becomes the first president of lithuania to be peacefully removed from the post by impeachment births one four eight three raphael italian painter and architect d one five two zero one six five one andr dacier french classical scholar d one seven two two one six six four arvid horn swedish statesman d one seven four two one six seven one jean baptiste rousseau french poet d one seven four one one seven two five pasquale paoli corsican patriot and military leader d one eight zero seven one eight one two alexander herzen russian writer d one eight seven zero one eight one five robert volkmann german composer d one eight eight three one eight one eight aasmund olavsson vinje norwegian poet d one eight seven zero one eight two zero |
nadar french photographer d one nine one zero one eight two three joseph medill mayor of chicago d one eight nine nine one eight two six gustave moreau french painter d one eight nine eight one eight four nine john william waterhouse british painter d one nine one seven one eight six six butch cassidy american outlaw d one nine zero nine one eight seven eight erich m hsam german author d one nine three four one eight eight four walter huston canadian born actor d one nine five zero one eight nine zero anthony fokker dutch designer of aircraft d one nine three nine one eight nine two donald wills douglas sr american industrialist d one nine eight one one eight nine two lowell thomas american travel writer d one nine eight one one nine zero two veniamin kaverin russian writer d one nine eight nine one nine zero three mickey cochrane baseball player d one nine six two one nine zero three doc edgerton american electrical engineer d one nine nine zero one nine one one feodor felix konrad lynen german biochemist re |
cipient of the nobel prize in physiology or medicine d one nine seven nine one nine two zero edmond h fischer swiss american biochemist recipient of the nobel prize in physiology or medicine one nine two six sergio franchi italian born singer and actor d one nine nine zero one nine two six gil kane latvian born cartoonist d two zero zero zero one nine two six ian paisley northern irish politician one nine two seven gerry mulligan american musician d one nine nine six one nine two eight james d watson american geneticist recipient of the nobel prize in physiology or medicine one nine two nine andr previn german born composer and conductor one nine three one ivan dixon american actor and director one nine three three roy goode british lawyer one nine three four anton geesink dutch judoka one nine three seven merle haggard american musician one nine three seven billy dee williams american actor one nine three eight paul daniels english magician one nine three eight roy thinnes american actor one nine four one ph |
il austin american comedian one nine four one zamfir romanian musician one nine four two barry levinson american film producer and director one nine four four felicity palmer english soprano one nine four seven john ratzenberger american actor one nine four nine horst ludwig st rmer german born physicist nobel prize laureate one nine five one bert blyleven dutch major league baseball player one nine five two udo dirkschneider german singer accept and u d o one nine five two marilu henner american actress one nine five four thom bray american actor one nine five five michael rooker american actor one nine six five frank black american singer and songwriter pixies one nine six nine bison dele american basketball player disappeared two zero zero two one nine six nine ari meyers puerto rican born american actress one nine seven zero olaf k lzig south african hockey player one nine seven three donnie edwards american football player one nine seven three rie miyazawa japanese actress and singer one nine seven five |
zach braff american actor one nine seven six candace cameron american actress one nine eight five garrett zablocki american guitarist senses fail deaths one one nine nine king richard i of england killed in battle b one one five seven one three six two james i count of la marche french soldier b one three one nine one four nine zero king matthias corvinus of hungary one five two zero raphael italian painter and architect b one four eight three one five two eight albrecht d rer german artist b one four seven one one five five one joachim vadian swiss humanist b one four eight four one five seven one john hamilton scottish prelate and politician one five nine zero francis walsingham english spymaster one six zero five john stow english historian one six five five david blondel french protestant clergyman b one five nine one one six eight six arthur annesley one st earl of anglesey english royalist statesman b one six one four one seven zero seven willem van de velde the younger dutch painter b one six three thr |
ee one seven five five richard rawlinson english minister and antiquarian b one six nine zero one eight two nine niels henrik abel norwegian mathematician b one eight zero two one eight three eight jos bonif cio de andrade e silva brazilian statesman and geologist b one seven six three one eight six two albert sidney johnston american confederate general b one eight zero three one eight eight three benjamin raymond mayor of chicago b one eight zero one one nine zero six alexander kielland norwegian author b one eight four nine one nine three five edwin arlington robinson american poet b one eight six nine one nine six one jules bordet belgian immunologist and microbiologist recipient of the nobel prize in physiology or medicine b one eight seven zero one nine six three otto struve russian born astronomer b one eight nine seven one nine seven zero sam sheppard american accused murderer b one nine two three one nine seven one igor stravinsky russian composer b one eight eight two one nine seven four willem mari |
nus dudok dutch architect b one eight eight four one nine eight six raimundo orsi argentine italian footballer one nine nine two isaac asimov russian born author b one nine two zero one nine nine four juv nal habyarimana president of rwanda b one nine three seven one nine nine four cyprien ntaryamira president of burundi b one nine five six one nine nine six greer garson irish actress b one nine zero four one nine nine eight wendy o williams american musician plasmatics b one nine four nine one nine nine eight tammy wynette american musician b one nine four two two zero zero zero habib bourguiba president of tunisia b one nine zero three two zero zero three david bloom american reporter pulmonary embolism b one nine six three two zero zero three babatunde olatunji nigerian drummer b one nine two seven two zero zero four larisa bogoraz soviet dissident b one nine two nine two zero zero five rainier iii prince of monaco b one nine two three holidays and observances feast day of st sixtus and marcellinus of cart |
hage in the roman catholic church the start of the tax year in the united kingdom arising from the one one day correction to march two five at the adoption of the gregorian calendar in one seven five two tartan day a day set aside for the celebration of the scottish influence on america the date of organization of the church of christ and the start of the restoration movement by joseph smith junior from which are various off shoots such as the community of christ and the church of jesus christ of latter day saints officially organized on april six th one eight three zero external links bbc on this day today in history april six april five april seven march six may six listing of all days april one two is the one zero two nd day of the year in the gregorian calendar one zero three rd in leap years there are two six three days remaining events four six seven anthemius is elevated to emperor of the western roman empire one six zero six the union jack is adopted as the national flag of great britain one six three |
three the formal interrogation by the inquisition of galileo galilei begins one eight six one american civil war the war begins with confederate forces firing on fort sumter in the harbor of charleston south carolina one eight six four american civil war fort pillow massacre confederate forces under general nathan bedford forrest kill most of the african american soldiers who had surrendered at fort pillow tennessee one eight six five american civil war mobile alabama falls to the union army one eight seven seven the united kingdom annexes the transvaal one nine two three kandersteg international scout centre came into existence one nine two six by a vote of four five to four one the united states senate unseats iowa senator smith w brookhart and seats daniel f steck after brookhart had already served for over one year one nine three seven sir frank whittle ground tests the first jet engine designed to power an aircraft at the british thomson houston factory in rugby england one nine four five president fran |
klin d roosevelt dies and harry s truman is inaugurated as the three three rd president of the united states one nine four six syria gains independence from france one nine five four bill haley and his comets record rock around the clock in new york city initially unsuccessful the recording would help launch the rock and roll revolution a year later one nine five five the polio vaccine developed by dr jonas salk is declared safe and effective one nine six one yuri gagarin becomes the first man to fly in space one nine six eight nerve gas accident at skull valley utah one nine seven five khmer rouge troops capture phnom penh cambodia one nine eight zero terry fox began his trans canada marathon to raise money for cancer research marathon of hope by dipping his artificial leg in the atlantic ocean at st john s newfoundland aiming to dip it again in the pacific ocean at vancouver british columbia one nine eight one the first launch of a space shuttle columbia launches on the sts one mission one nine eight four l |
isars is created one nine eight nine tv show fast forward starts on the atn seven network australia one nine nine zero christian bernard f r c becomes imperator of amorc one nine nine two euro disneyland opens in marne la vallee france one nine nine four canter lois reeves american singer martha lines in praise of a date made praiseworthy solely by something very nice that happened to it by ogden nash as through the calendar i delve i pause to rejoice in april twelve yea be i in sickness or be i in health my favorite date is april twealth april one one april one three march one two may one two listing of all days april one five is the one zero five th day of the year in the gregorian calendar one zero six th in leap years there are two six zero days remaining events one four five zero battle of formigny toward the end of the hundred years war the french attack and nearly annihilate english forces ending english domination in northern france one six three two battle of rain swedes under gustavus adolphus defea |
t the holy roman empire during the thirty years war one seven three eight premiere in london of serse an italian opera bygeorge frideric handel one seven five five samuel johnson s a dictionary of the english language published in london one seven eight three preliminary articles of peace ending revolutionary war ratified one eight zero two william wordsworth and his sister dorothy come across a long belt of daffodils inspiring the former to pen i wandered lonely as a cloud one eight six five abraham lincoln dies after being shot the previous evening by john wilkes booth one eight six five andrew johnson becomes the one seven th president of the united states one eight nine two the general electric company is formed through the merger of the edison general electric company and the thomson houston company one nine one two the british passenger liner rms titanic sinks at about two two zero a m after hitting an iceberg in the north atlantic almost three hours earlier one nine one five the armenian genocide began |
when the ottoman empire undertook the systematic annihilation of armenian intellectuals and entrepreneurs within the city of constantinople and later the entire armenian population of the empire one nine two zero anarchists sacco and vanzetti allegedly murder two security guards while robbing a shoe store one nine two three insulin first became generally available for use by diabetics one nine two four rand mcnally publishes its first road atlas one nine two seven douglas fairbanks mary pickford and norma and constance talmadge become the first celebrities to leave their footprints in cement at grauman s chinese theater in hollywood one nine four zero the allies start their attack on the norwegian town of narvik which was occupied by nazi germany one nine four two george cross awarded to to the island fortress of malta its people and defenders by king george vi one nine four five the bergen belsen concentration camp is liberated one nine four seven jackie robinson debuts for the brooklyn dodgers baseball tea |
m breaking that sport s color line one nine five five the first mcdonald s restaurant opens in des plaines illinois one nine eight three tokyo disneyland opens one nine eight five marvin hagler defeats thomas hearns by a knockout in round three to retain boxing s world middleweight championship in a fight nicknamed the war one nine eight nine hillsborough disaster a human stampede occurs at hillsborough a football stadium in sheffield england resulting in the loss of nine six lives one nine eight nine upon hu yaobang s death the tiananmen square protests of one nine eight nine begin in the people s republic of china one nine nine four representatives of one two four countries and the european communities sign the marrakesh agreements revising the general agreement on tariffs and trade and setting up the world trade organization effective january one one nine nine five one nine nine seven fire sweeps through a campsite of muslims making the hajj pilgrimage the official death toll is three four three two zero z |
ero two an air china boeing seven six seven two zero zero flight ca one two nine crashes into hillside during heavy rain and fog near pusan south korea killing one two eight births one four five two leonardo da vinci italian artist d one five one nine one four eight nine sinan ottoman architect d one five eight eight one five five two pietro cataldi italian mathematician d one six two six one five eight zero george calvert one st baron baltimore english politician and colonizer one five eight eight claudius salmasius french classical scholar d one six five three one six four one robert sibbald scottish physician and antiquarian d one seven two two one six four two suleiman ii ottoman sultan d one six nine one one six four six king christian v of denmark d one six nine nine one six eight four catherine i of russia d one seven two seven one six eight eight johann friedrich fasch german composer d one seven five eight one seven zero seven leonhard euler swiss mathematician d one seven eight three one seven one z |
ero william cullen scottish physician and chemist d one seven nine zero one seven two one prince william augustus duke of cumberland english military leader d one seven six five one seven seven two tienne geoffroy saint hilaire french naturalist d one eight four four one seven nine three friedrich georg wilhelm von struve german astronomer d one eight six four one seven nine four jean pierre flourens french physiologist d one eight six seven one eight zero zero james clark ross english explorer d one eight six two one eight zero nine hermann grassmann german mathematician and physicist d one eight seven seven one eight three two wilhelm busch german poet and artist d one nine zero eight one eight four three henry james american author d one nine one six one eight five eight mile durkheim french sociologist d one nine one seven one eight six one bliss carman canadian poet d one nine two nine one eight seven four johannes stark german physicist nobel prize laureate d one nine five seven one eight seven eight ro |
bert walser swiss writer d one nine five six one eight seven nine melville henry cane american lawyer and poet d one nine eight zero one eight eight three stanley bruce eighth prime minister of australia d one nine six seven one eight eight six nikolay gumilyov russian poet d one nine two one one eight eight nine thomas hart benton american muralist d one nine seven five one eight eight nine a philip randolph american activist d one nine seven nine one eight nine four bessie smith american blues singer d one nine three seven one eight nine five clark mcconachy new zealand billiards and snooker player d one nine eight zero one eight nine six nikolay nikolayevich semyonov russian chemist nobel prize laureate d one nine eight six one nine zero one joe davis english snooker player d one nine seven eight one nine zero two fernando pessa portuguese journalist d two zero zero two one nine zero seven nikolaas tinbergen dutch ornithologist recipient of the nobel prize in physiology or medicine d one nine eight eight o |
ne nine one two kim il sung president of north korea d one nine nine four one nine one six alfred s bloomingdale american businessman d one nine eight two one nine one seven hans conried american actor d one nine eight two one nine two zero richard von weiz cker president of germany one nine two one georgi beregovoi cosmonaut d one nine nine five one nine two two michael ansara syrian american actor one nine two two harold washington mayor of chicago d one nine eight seven one nine two four sir neville marriner english conductor and violinist one nine two seven robert mills american physicist d one nine nine nine one nine three zero vigd s finnbogad ttir president of iceland one nine three three roy clark american musician one nine three three elizabeth montgomery american actress d one nine nine five one nine three three boris strugatsky russian author one nine three nine claudia cardinale tunisian born actress one nine four zero jeffrey archer british author and member of parliament one nine four zero rober |
t walker jr american actor one nine four two francis x dilorenzo american catholic prelate one nine four two walt hazzard american basketball player one nine four four dzhokhar dudaev chechen leader d one nine nine six one nine four four dave edmunds welsh musician one nine four seven lois chiles american actress one nine four seven mike chapman songwriter with nicky chinn and producer suzi quatro sweet blondie one nine four eight michael kamen american composer d two zero zero three one nine four nine tonio k american singer one nine four nine alla pugacheva russian singer one nine five zero amy wright american actress one nine five one heloise american newspaper columnist one nine five four seka american actress one nine five five dodi al fayed egyptian businessman d one nine nine seven one nine five seven evelyn ashford american athlete one nine five eight benjamin zephaniah british writer and musician one nine five nine emma thompson english actress one nine five nine thomas f wilson american actor one ni |
ne six zero tony jones english snooker player one nine six two nawal el moutawakel morrocan hurdler one nine six three bobby pepper american journalist one nine six five linda perry american musician one nine six six samantha fox english singer and model one nine six seven frankie poullain british bassist the darkness one nine six seven dara torres american swimmer one nine six eight ed o brien british musician radiohead one nine six eight stacey williams american model one nine seven zero flex alexander american actor one nine seven two arturo gatti canadian boxer one nine seven four danny pino american actor one nine seven four josh todd musician and singer buckcherry one nine seven seven chandra levy american congressional intern d two zero zero one one nine eight zero ra l l pez spanish basketball player one nine eight one andr s d alessandro argentine football player one nine eight three ilya kovalchuk russian hockey player one nine eight six quincy owusu abeyie dutch footballer one nine nine zero emma w |
atson english actress one nine nine two amy diamond swedish pop singer deaths one zero five three godwin earl of wessex one two two zero adolf of altena archbishop of cologne one four one five manuel chrysoloras greek humanist one four four six filippo brunelleschi italian architect b one three seven seven one six one zero robert parsons english jesuit priest b one five four six one six two one john carver first governor of plymouth colony one six four one domenico zampieri italian painter b one five eight one one six five nine simon dach german poet b one six zero five one seven zero four johann van waveren hudde dutch mathematician b one six two eight one seven one nine fran oise d aubign marquise de maintenon second wife of louis xiv of france b one six three five one seven five four jacopo riccati italian mathematician b one six seven six one seven six one archibald campbell three rd duke of argyll scottish politician b one six eight two one seven six one william oldys english antiquarian and bibliographe |
r b one six nine six one seven six four madame de pompadour mistress of king louis xiv of france b one seven two one one seven six five mikhail lomonosov russian scientist and writer b one seven one one one seven eight eight giuseppe bonno austrian composer b one seven one one one seven nine three ignacije szentmartony croatian jesuit missionary and geographer b one seven one eight one eight zero four charles pichegru french general strangled in prison b one seven six one one eight four three noah webster american lexicographer b one seven five eight one eight five four arthur aikin english chemist mineralogist and scientific writer b one seven seven three one eight six five abraham lincoln president of the united states b one eight zero nine one eight eight eight matthew arnold english poet b one eight two two one eight eight eight father damien belgian missionary b one eight four zero one eight nine eight kepa te rangihiwinui maori military leader one nine one two victims of the rms titanic edward smith cap |
tain of the titanic b one eight five zero john jacob astor iv american businessman b one eight six four benjamin guggenheim american businessman b one eight six five one nine three eight c sar vallejo peruvian poet b one eight nine two one nine four two robert musil german novelist b one eight eight zero one nine four nine wallace beery american actor b one eight eight five one nine six two clara blandick american actress b one eight eight one one nine six four rachel carson american biologist and author b one nine zero seven one nine six nine victoria eugenie of battenberg queen of spain b one eight eight seven one nine seven one dan reeves owner of the cleveland los angeles rams b one nine one two one nine seven four giovanni d anzi italian songwriter b one nine zero six one nine seven five richard conte american actor b one nine one zero one nine eight zero raymond bailey american actor b one nine zero four one nine eight zero jean paul sartre french philosopher and writer nobel prize laureate declined b o |
ne nine zero five one nine eight two arthur lowe british actor b one nine one five one nine eight four tommy cooper welsh comedy magician b one nine two one one nine eight six jean genet french author b one nine one zero one nine eight eight kenneth williams english actor and comedian b one nine two six one nine eight eight tony mann australian footballer one nine eight nine hu yaobang leader of china b one nine one five one nine nine zero greta garbo swedish actress b one nine zero five one nine nine three john tuzo wilson canadian geologist b one nine zero eight one nine nine three leslie charteris singapore born author b one nine zero seven one nine nine four john curry english figure skater b one nine four nine one nine nine eight pol pot cambodian dictator b one nine two five two zero zero zero edward gorey american illustrator b one nine two five two zero zero one joey ramone american musician and singer the ramones b one nine five one two zero zero two damon knight author b one nine two two two zero ze |
ro two byron whizzer white american football player and u s supreme court justice b one nine one seven two zero zero three erin fleming canadian actress b one nine four one holidays and observances in the united states today is the official deadline for filing tax returns all forms mailed to the irs must be postmarked no later than today so post offices across the stay open until midnight to accommodate procrastinators or those who owe tax and want to wait as late as possible to pay if this day falls on the weekend as in two zero zero six the following monday becomes the deadline ancient latvia tipsa diena was observed arirang festival is held in north korea to commemorate kim il sung s birth father damien day celebrated annually in hawai i feast day of saint paternus roman empire the fordicia was celebrated in honor of terra major league baseball celebrates jackie robinson day each april one five in all mlb ballparks external links bbc on this day the new york times on this day on this day in canada april on |
e four april one six march one five may one five listing of all days april three zero is the one two zero th day of the year in the gregorian calendar one two one st in leap years with two four five days remaining as the last day in april events three one three roman emperor licinius unifies the entire eastern roman empire under his rule seven one one moorish troops led by tariq ibn ziyad land at gibraltar to begin their invasion of the iberian peninsula al andalus one four two nine joan of arc arrives to relieve the siege of orl ans one four eight three orbital calculations suggest that on this day pluto moved inside neptune s orbit making neptune the furthest planet from the sun until july two three one five zero three one four nine two spain gives christopher columbus his commission of exploration one six seven one petar zrinski the croatian ban from the zrinski family is executed one seven nine four the battle of boulou is fought in which french forces defeated the spanish under general union one seven ei |
ght nine on the balcony of federal hall on wall street in new york city george washington takes the oath of office to become the first elected president of the united states one eight zero three louisiana purchase the united states purchases the louisiana territory from france for one five million more than doubling overnight the size of the young nation one eight one two the territory of orleans becomes the one eight th u s state under the name louisiana one eight three eight nicaragua declares independence from the central american federation one eight six three mexican forces attacked the french foreign legion in hacienda camar n mexico one eight nine four coxey s army reaches washington d c to protest the unemployment caused by the panic of one eight nine three one nine zero zero hawaii becomes a territory of the united states with sanford b dole as governor one nine zero zero casey jones dies attempting to save the runaway train cannonball express one nine zero four the louisiana purchase exposition worl |
d s fair opens in saint louis missouri one nine two zero peru becomes a signatory to the buenos aires copyright treaty one nine two five automaker dodge brothers inc is sold to dillon read the submarine hms seraph surfaces in the mediterranean sea off the coast of spain to deposit a dead man planted with false invasion plans and dressed as a british military intelligence officer one nine four five adolf hitler and eva braun commit suicide after being married for one day one nine four seven in nevada the boulder dam is officially renamed hoover dam again one nine four eight in bogot colombia the organization of american states is established one nine six six anton lavey founds the church of satan one nine seven three watergate scandal president richard nixon announces that top white house aids h r haldeman john ehrlichman and others have resigned one nine seven five communist forces gains control of saigon the vietnam war formally ends with the unconditional surrender of south vietnamese president duong van mi |
nh one nine eight zero accession of queen beatrix of the netherlands one nine eight three michael jackson s song beat it hits number one on the billboard music charts one nine eight eight in dublin ireland c line dion wins the thirty third eurovision song contest for switzerland singing ne partez pas sans moi don t leave without me one nine nine one a tropical cyclone hits bangladesh killing an estimated one three eight zero zero zero people one nine nine two the last episode of the cosby show airs one nine nine three the world wide web was born at cern one nine nine three during a changeover at a tennis tournament in hamburg germany monica seles is stabbed in the back by a deranged fan of rival steffi graf seles would not play competitively for more than two years after the incident one nine nine four in dublin ireland paul harrington rock n roll kids one nine nine five u s president bill clinton became the first u s president to visit northern ireland one nine nine seven ellen degeneres s character comes ou |
t of the closet on the sitcom ellen one nine nine nine nato membership expands by approving the admission of the czech republic hungary and poland one nine nine nine cambodia joins the association of southeast asian nations asean bringing the total members to one zero one nine nine nine neo nazi bomber david copeland detonates his third bomb in front of the admiral duncan pub and is arrested the night after two zero zero one chandra levy a former intern to california congressman gary condit is last seen in washington d c two zero zero two a referendum in pakistan overwhelmingly approves the presidency of pervez musharraf for another five years two zero zero two the law n two six on the national flag of the udmurt republic has appeared two zero zero four the last edition of npr s morning edition with bob edwards as host airs births one five eight six saint rose of lima peruvian saint d one six one seven one six zero two william lilly english astrologer d one six eight one one six two three fran ois de laval fi |
rst bishop of new france d one seven zero eight one six five one jean baptiste de la salle french educational reformer d one seven one nine one six six two queen mary ii of england d one six nine four one six six four fran ois louis prince of conti french general d one seven zero nine one seven one zero johann kaspar basselet von la ros e bavarian general d one seven nine five one seven two three mathurin jacques brisson french naturalist d one eight zero six one seven two one roger sherman american signer of the declaration of independence d one seven nine three one seven seven seven carl friedrich gauss german mathematician astronomer and physicist d one eight five five one eight two nine ferdinand von hochstetter austrian geologist d one eight eight four one eight five seven eugene bleuler swiss psychiatrist d one nine four zero one eight six five max nettlau german anarchist and historian d one nine four four one eight seven zero franz lehar austrian composer d one nine four eight one eight seven six orso |
mario corbino italian physicist d one nine three seven one eight seven seven alice b toklas american companion of gertrude stein d one nine six seven one eight eight three jaroslav ha ek czech novelist d one nine two three one eight nine three joachim von ribbentrop nazi foreign minister d one nine four six one nine zero one simon kuznets ukrainian born economist bank of sweden prize winner d one nine eight five one nine zero two theodore schultz american economist nobel prize laureate d one nine nine eight one nine zero eight bjarni benediktsson icelandic foreign and later prime minister d one nine seven zero one nine zero nine queen juliana of the netherlands d two zero zero four one nine zero nine f e mcwilliam northern irish sculptor d one nine nine two one nine one zero al lewis american actor and politician d two zero zero six one nine one six claude shannon american engineer and mathematician d two zero zero one one nine one six robert shaw american conductor d one nine nine nine one nine two five joh |
nny horton american musician d one nine six zero one nine three zero lawton chiles american politician d one nine nine eight one nine three three willie nelson american musician composer and actor one nine three eight larry niven american author one nine four zero burt young american actor one nine four one johnny farina american guitarist santo and johnny one nine four three bobby vee american singer one nine four four jill clayburgh american actress one nine four five annie dillard american writer one nine four five michael smith astronaut d one nine eight six one nine four six king carl xvi gustaf of sweden one nine four six don schollander american swimmer one nine four seven finn kalvik norwegian singer one nine four eight perry king american actor one nine four nine phil garner baseball manager one nine four nine antonio guterres prime minister of portugal one nine five four jane campion new zealand film director one nine five five nicolas hulot french journalist and author one nine five six jorge chami |
n portuguese baritone one nine five six lars von trier danish film director one nine five nine stephen harper prime minister of canada one nine six one isiah thomas american basketball player coach and team owner one nine six four barrington levy jamaican musician one nine six nine paulo jr brazilian bassist sepultura one nine six nine clark vogeler american guitarist the toadies one nine seven five elliott sadler american race car driver one nine eight one john o shea irish footballer one nine eight two kirsten dunst american actress justin green national football league fullback one nine eight three troy williamson american football player one nine eight seven nikki webster australian pop singer and entertainer deaths six five lucan roman poet b three nine one zero six three emperor renzong of china b one zero one zero one three four one john iii duke of brittany b one two eight five one four three nine richard de beauchamp one three th earl of warwick english military leader b one three eight two one five |
two four pierre terrail seigneur de bayard french soldier b one four seven three one five four four thomas audley one st baron audley of walden lord chancellor of england one five five five pope marcellus ii b one five zero one one six three two johan tzerclaes count of tilly bavarian general b one five five nine one six four two dmitry pozharsky russian prince b one five seven eight one six six zero petrus scriverius dutch writer b one five seven six one six five five eustache le sueur french painter b one six one seven one six nine six robert plot british naturalist b one six four zero one seven one two philipp van limborch dutch protestant theologian b one six three three one seven three six johann albert fabricius german classical scholar and bibliographer b one six six eight one seven five eight fran ois d agincourt french composer b one six eight four one seven nine two john montagu supposed inventor of the sandwich b one seven one eight one seven nine five jean jacques barth lemy french writer and numi |
smatist b one seven one six one eight four seven archduke charles austrian general b one seven seven one one eight six five robert fitzroy english admiral and meteorologist b one eight zero five one eight seven five jean frederic waldeck french explorer lithographer and cartographer b one seven six six one eight eight three douard manet french painter b one eight three two one nine zero three emily stowe canadian physician and suffragist b one eight three one one nine three six alfred edward housman english poet b one eight five nine one nine four three otto jespersen danish philologist b one eight six zero one nine four five eva braun adolf hitler s new wife suicide b one nine one two one nine four five adolf hitler austrian dictator of germany suicide b one eight eight nine one nine five six alben w barkley vice president of the united states b one eight seven seven one nine seven zero inger stevens swedish actress b one nine three four one nine seven four agnes moorehead american actress b one nine zero ze |
ro one nine eight zero luis mu oz mar n puerto rican poet journalist and politician b one eight nine eight one nine eight two lester bangs american music journalist author and musician b one nine four nine one nine eight three george balanchine russian born dancer and choreographer b one nine zero four one nine eight three muddy waters american musician b one nine one five one nine eight five charles francis richter american seismologist one nine eight nine yi bang ja crown princess of korea b one nine zero one one nine eight nine sergio leone italian filmmaker b one nine two nine one nine nine four roland ratzenberger austrian race car driver b one nine six zero one nine nine eight nizar qabbani syrian poet b one nine two six two zero zero two charlotte von mahlsdorf founder of the gr nderzeit museum in berlin mahlsdorf b one nine two eight two zero zero three peter possum bourne new zealand race car driver b one nine five six two zero zero three wim van est dutch cyclist b one nine two three two zero zero t |
hree mark berger university of kentucky professor two zero zero five ron todd tgwu general secretary one nine eight five one nine nine two b one nine two seven holidays and observances scandinavia the arrival of spring walpurgis night sweden birthday of king carl xvi gustav an official flag day the netherlands queen s day roman empire third day of the floralia in honor of flora bealtaine eve from either irish bealtaine or scottish gaelic originally a celtic druid holiday vietnam liberation day feast day of the following saints in the roman catholic church saint maximus three rd century martyr saint louis amator and peter martyred by the moors in eight five five saint marianus and james martyrs in numidia in two five nine suitbert the younger d eight zero seven catherine of siena joseph benedict cottolengo pius v pope robert external links bbc on this day the new york times on this day on this day in canada march three zero march three one april two nine may one may three zero may three one listing of all days |
august two two is the two three four th day of the year in the gregorian calendar two three five th in leap years with one three one days remaining events one four eight five the battle of bosworth field decisively ends the wars of the roses one five five nine bartholome de carranza spanish archbishop is arrested for heresy one six four two charles i calls the english parliament traitors beginning of the english civil war one six five four jacob barsimson arrives in new amsterdam he is the first jewish immigrant to what is later the united states one seven one seven spanish troops land on sardinia one seven seven zero james cook s expedition lands on the east coast of australia one seven seven five king george iii declares the american colonies to be in open rebellion one seven eight zero james cook s ship resolution returns to england cook having been killed on hawaii during the voyage one seven nine one beginning of the haitian slave revolution in saint domingue one seven nine eight french troops land in c |
ounty mayo ireland to aid wolfe tone s united irishmen s irish rebellion one eight four six the united states annexes new mexico one eight five one gold is discovered in australia one eight five one the first america s cup is won by the yacht america one eight seven five the treaty of saint petersburg between japan and russia is ratified providing for the exchange of sakhalin for the kuril islands one eight six four twelve nations sign the first geneva convention the red cross is formed one nine zero one cadillac motor company founded one nine zero two theodore roosevelt became the first president of the united states to ride in an automobile one nine one zero japan annexes korea with the signing of the japan korea annexation treaty the name korea was abolished and replaced with the ancient name joseon one nine one one theft of the mona lisa is discovered one nine one four world war i in belgium british and german troops clash for the first time in the war one nine two two michael collins commander in chief o |
f the irish free state army is shot dead during an anti treaty ambush at beal na mblath county cork during the irish civil war one nine two six gold discovered in johannesburg south africa one nine four one world war ii german troops reach leningrad leading to the siege of leningrad one nine four two world war ii brazil declares war on the axis powers germany italy and japan one nine four four world war ii last transport of french jews to concentration camps in germany one nine four four world war ii thirty two spaniards four french maquis tackle a german column one three zero zero men in six zero lorries with six tanks two self propelled guns at la madeiline france three maquis are wounded with one one zero germans killed and two zero zero wounded one nine five zero althea gibson becomes the first black competitor in international tennis one nine five three the jail on devil s island is closed one nine six two an attempt to assassinate french president charles de gaulle fails one nine six two the ns savannah |
the world s first nuclear powered ship completes its maiden voyage one nine six eight pope paul vi arrives in bogot colombia it is the first visit of a pope to latin america one nine seven two rhodesia is expelled by the ioc for its racist policies one nine eight eight the australian koala the first platinum coin is issued one nine eight nine the first ring of neptune is discovered one nine eight nine nolan ryan strikes out rickey henderson to become the first major league baseball pitcher to record five zero zero zero strikeouts one nine nine two fbi hrt sniper lon horiuchi shoots and kills vicki weaver during an one one day siege at her home at ruby ridge idaho two zero zero one the trojan room coffee pot is switched off for the last time two zero zero four the scream the painting by edvard munch is stolen at gunpoint from a museum in oslo norway births one six zero one georges de scud ry french writer d one six six seven one six two four jean renaud de segrais french writer d one seven zero one one six fo |
ur seven denis papin french physicist mathematician and inventor one six seven nine pierre gu rin de tencin french cardinal d one seven five eight one seven six zero pope leo xii d one eight two nine one seven six four charles percier french architect d one eight three eight one seven seven one henry maudslay english inventor and tool maker d one eight three one one eight zero zero william s harney u s general d one eight eight nine one eight zero two gurdon saltonstall hubbard american land speculator d one eight eight six one eight three four samuel pierpont langley american astronomer physicist inventor aviation pioneer d one nine zero six one eight five four king milan i of serbia d one nine zero one one eight six zero paul nipkow german inventor and television pioneer d one nine four zero one eight six two claude debussy french composer d one nine one eight one eight six seven maximilian bircher benner swiss physician and nutritionist d one nine three nine one eight seven three alexander bogdanov russian |
physician and philosopher d one nine two eight one eight seven four max scheler german philosopher d one nine two eight one eight eight zero george herriman american cartoonist d one nine four four one eight nine three dorothy parker american writer d one nine six seven one nine zero zero sergei ozhegov russian lexicographer d one nine six four one nine zero two leni riefenstahl german film director d two zero zero three one nine zero four deng xiaoping leader of the people s republic of china d one nine nine seven one nine zero eight henri cartier bresson french photographer d two zero zero four one nine one five hugh paddick british actor d two zero zero zero one nine one five edward szczepanik polish economist and prime minister in exile d two zero zero five one nine one seven john lee hooker american guitarist and singer d two zero zero one one nine two zero ray bradbury american writer one nine two zero denton cooley american heart surgeon one nine two eight karlheinz stockhausen german composer one nin |
e three zero gilmar brazilian football player one nine three four norman schwarzkopf u s general one nine three five e annie proulx american author one nine three eight paul maguire american football player one nine three nine george reinholt american actor one nine three nine carl yastrzemski baseball player one nine four zero valerie harper american actress one nine four one bill parcells american football coach one nine four two kathy lennon american singer the lennon sisters one nine four five ron dante american singer the archies songwriter and record producer one nine four seven cindy williams american actress one nine five five will shetterly writer one nine five five chiranjeevi telugu film actor one nine five six paul molitor baseball player one nine five seven steve davis english snooker player one nine five eight colm feore american born actor one nine five eight vernon reid american musician living colour one nine six one roland orzabal singer and guitarist tears for fears one nine six three tori |
amos american singer songwriter and pianist one nine six four mats wilander swedish tennis player one nine six six gza american rapper one nine six seven layne staley american musician alice in chains d two zero zero two one nine six seven adewale akinnuoye agbaje british actor one nine seven zero charlie connelly english writer one nine seven three howie dorough american singer backstreet boys one nine seven seven heidar helguson icelandic footballer one nine seven eight jeff stinco canadian musician simple plan one nine eight one alex holmes american football player deaths four zero eight stilicho roman general b three five nine one one five five emperor konoe of japan b one one three nine one one eight eight king ferdinand ii of leon one two four one pope gregory ix one two eight zero pope nicholas iii one two eight six erik v klipping king of denmark murdered b one two four nine one three zero four john ii count of hainaut b one two four seven one three five zero king philip vi of france b one two nine th |
ree one four eight five king richard iii of england killed in battle b one four five two one five five three john dudley english admiral and politician beheaded b one five zero one one five eight four jan kochanowski polish writer b one five three zero one five nine nine beatrice cenci italian noblewoman who conspired to murder her father b one five seven seven one five nine nine luca marenzio italian composer one six zero seven bartholomew gosnold english explorer and privateer b one five seven two one six zero nine maharal of prague jewish mystic and philosopher b one five two five one six five two jacob de la gardie swedish soldier and statesman b one five eight three one six eight zero john george ii elector of saxony b one six one three one seven zero one john granville one st earl of bath english royalist statesman b one six two eight one seven one one louis fran ois duc de boufflers french marshal b one six four four one seven five two william whiston english mathematician b one six six seven one seven |
nine three louis four th duc de noailles marshal of france b one seven one three one seven nine seven dagobert sigmund von wurmser alsatian born austrian general b one seven two four one eight zero six jean honor fragonard french artist b one seven three two one eight one eight warren hastings british governor general of india b one seven three two one eight two three lazare carnot french general politician and mathematician b one seven five three one eight two eight franz joseph gall austrian neuroscientist b one seven five eight one eight five zero nikolaus lenau austrian poet b one eight zero two one eight six one xianfeng emperor of china b one eight three one one eight nine one jan neruda czech author b one eight three four one nine zero three robert gascoyne cecil three rd marquess of salisbury prime minister of the united kingdom b one eight three zero one nine zero four kate chopin american author b one eight five one one nine one three bruno pontecorvo italian physicist d one nine nine three one nin |
e one eight korbinian brodmann german neurologist b one eight six eight one nine two two michael collins irish revolutionary ambushed b one eight nine zero one nine two six charles w eliot american president of harvard university b one eight three four one nine four two michel fokine russian choreographer and dancer b one eight eight zero one nine five three jim tabor baseball player b one nine one six one nine five eight roger martin du gard french writer nobel prize laureate b one eight eight one one nine seven six juscelino kubitschek de oliveira president of brazil b one nine zero two one nine seven seven sebastian cabot english born actor b one nine one eight one nine seven eight jomo kenyatta first prime minister of kenya one nine eight nine huey p newton american activist b one nine four two one nine nine one colleen dewhurst canadian actress b one nine two four two zero zero three arnold gerschwiler swiss born figure skating trainer b one nine one four two zero zero four konstantin aseev russian chess |
player b one nine six zero two zero zero five luc ferrari french composer b one nine two nine holidays and observances rc feasts mary queen of angels external links bbc on this day august two one august two three july two two september two two listing of all days august two seven is the two three nine th day of the year in the gregorian calendar two four zero th in leap years with one two six days remaining events four seven nine bc greco persian wars persian forces led by mardonius are routed by pausanias the spartan commander of the greek army in the battle of plataea along the with the greek victory on the same day in the battle of mycale the persian invasion of greece ended five five bc julius caesar lands in britain for the first time four one zero visigoth sack of rome ends after three days one two three two the formulary of adjudications is promulgated by regent hojo yasutoki traditional japanese date august one zero one two three two one seven seven six battle of long island in present day brooklyn n |
ew york british forces under general william howe defeat americans under general george washington one eight one three napoleon defeats the austrians russians and prussians at the battle of dresden one eight two eight the russians defeat the turks at akhaltzikke one eight five nine petroleum discovered in titusville pennsylvania world s first successful oil well one eight six one union forces attack cape hatteras north carolina one eight eight three krakatoa an indonesian volcano erupts it is one of the most violent volcanic events in modern times one eight nine six anglo zanzibar war the shortest war in world history nine zero two to nine four zero between the united kingdom and zanzibar one nine zero zero british defeat boer commandos at bergendal one nine two eight kellogg briand pact outlawing war signed by sixty nations one nine three seven the automobile division of toyoda automatic loom works is spun off into the toyota motor corporation one nine three nine first jet aircraft flight one nine five two r |
eparation negotiations between west germany and israel end in luxembourg west germany to pay three billion deutschmarks one nine six two mariner two launched one nine six nine the first installment of the otoko wa tsurai yo it s tough being a man movies is released in japan director and screenplay writer yoji yamada went on to make four eight installments of the series which is recognized in the guinness book of world records as the longest running movie series one nine seven nine an ira bomb kills lord mountbatten and three others on holiday in sligo republic of ireland another near warrenpoint northern ireland kills one eight british soldiers one nine eight five the nigerian government is peacefully overthrown by army chief of staff maj gen ibrahim babangida one nine nine zero the british broadcasting corporation launches bbc radio five live at nine am gmt with a mixture of sports news and children s programming the station broadcasts for eighteen hours per day one nine nine one the european community recog |
nizes the independence of the baltic states estonia latvia and lithuania one nine nine one moldova declares independence from the ussr one nine nine three the florida dot decides to cease producing its distinctive colored u s highway shields so that it can make use of federal funds for those signs one nine nine three the rainbow bridge connecting tokyo s shibaura and the island of odaiba is completed two zero zero zero ostankino tower in moscow catches fire three people are killed two zero zero three mars makes its closest approach to earth in nearly six zero zero zero zero years passing approximately three four six four six four one six miles five five seven five eight zero zero six kilometers from earth births one four zero seven ashikaga yoshikazu japanese shogun d one four two five one four seven one george duke of saxony d one five three nine one six three seven charles calvert three rd baron baltimore governor of the province of maryland d one seven one five one six six five john hervey one st earl of b |
ristol english politician d one seven five one one six seven seven otto ferdinand graf von abensperg und traun austrian field marshal d one seven four eight one seven two four john joachim zubly swiss born continental congressman d one seven eight one one seven three zero johann georg hamann german philosopher d one seven eight eight one seven seven zero georg wilhelm friedrich hegel german philosopher d one eight three one one eight zero nine hannibal hamlin vice president of the united states of america d one eight nine one one eight five eight giuseppe peano italian mathematician d one nine three two one eight six five james henry breasted american egyptologist d one nine three five one eight six five charles g dawes three zero th vice president of the united states recipient of the nobel peace prize d one nine five one one eight seven zero amado nervo mexican poet d one nine one nine one eight seven one theodore dreiser american author d one nine four five one eight seven four carl bosch german chemist no |
bel prize laureate d one nine four zero one eight seven five katharine mccormick american women s rights activist d one nine six seven one eight eight six rebecca clarke english composer and violist d one nine seven nine one eight eight six eric coates english composer d one nine five seven one eight nine zero man ray photographer and artist d one nine seven six one eight nine nine c s forester british author d one nine six six one eight nine nine byron foulger american character actor d one nine seven zero one nine zero four norah lofts british author d one nine eight three one nine zero six ed gein american serial killer d one nine eight four one nine zero eight don bradman australian cricketer d two zero zero one one nine zero eight lyndon b johnson three six th president of the united states d one nine seven three one nine zero eight kurt wegner german artist d one nine eight five one nine zero nine lester young american musician d one nine five nine one nine one zero mother teresa albanian missionary and |
humanitarian recipient of the nobel peace prize d one nine nine seven one nine one one kay walsh british actress d two zero zero five one nine one five norman f ramsey american physicist nobel prize laureate one nine one six martha raye american actress d one nine nine four one nine two one leo penn american film director actor d one nine nine eight one nine two six kristen nygaard norwegian mathematician computer scientist and politician d two zero zero two one nine two eight mangosuthu buthelezi south african politician one nine two nine ira levin american author one nine three two antonia fraser british author one nine three five frank yablans american film producer one nine three seven tommy sands american actor and singer one nine four zero sonny sharrock american jazz guitarist d one nine nine four one nine four two b j thomas american singer one nine four three tuesday weld american actress one nine four five g w bailey american actor one nine four seven barbara bach american actress one nine four sev |
en harry reems american actor one nine five zero charles fleischer american actor one nine five one buddy bell baseball player manager one nine five two paul pee wee herman reubens american actor one nine five three peter stormare swedish born actor one nine five four derek warwick british race car driver one nine five five diana scarwid american actress one nine five seven bernhard langer german golfer one nine five eight tom lanoye belgian author one nine five eight stalking cat american body modificationist one nine five nine gerhard berger austrian race car driver one nine six two adam oates canadian ice hockey player one nine six three downtown julie brown welsh television personality one nine six five wayne james zimbabwe cricketer one nine six six juhan parts prime minister of estonia one nine six nine reece shearsmith british actor and comedian one nine seven zero peter ebdon english snooker player one nine seven zero tony kanal american british musician no doubt one nine seven zero jim thome baseball |
player one nine seven three dietmar hamann german footballer one nine seven four jose vidro puerto rican major league baseball player one nine seven four mike chrzanowski american game designer one nine seven five jonny moseley american skier one nine seven six sarah chalke canadian actress one nine seven six carlos moya spanish tennis player one nine seven six mark webber australian race car driver one nine seven seven deco brazilian footballer one nine seven nine tian liang chinese diver one nine eight eight alexa vega american actress deaths one three one two arthur ii duke of brittany b one two six two one three nine four chokei emperor of japan b one three four three one four five zero reginald west six th baron de la warr english politician b one three nine five one five two one josquin des prez flemish composer one five four five piotr gamrat polish catholic archbishop b one four eight seven one five seven two claude goudimel french composer one five seven seven titian italian artist one five nine zer |
o pope sixtus v b one five two one one six three five f lix lope de vega spanish poet and playwright b one five six two one six six four francisco zurbar n spanish painter b one five nine eight one seven four eight james thomson scottish poet b one seven zero zero one seven seven three friedrich wilhelm von seydlitz prussian general b one seven two one one eight seven five william chapman ralston american banker b one eight two six one nine zero nine emil christian hansen danish fermentation physiologist b one eight four two one nine two nine herman poto nik noordung slovenian rocket scientist b one eight nine two one nine three one frank harris irish author and editor b one eight five six one nine three one francis marion smith american borax magnate b one eight four six one nine four eight charles evans hughes u s supreme court justice b one eight six two one nine five eight ernest lawrence american physicist nobel prize laureate b one nine zero one one nine six three garrett morgan american inventor b one |
eight seven seven one nine six three w e b dubois american civil rights activist and scholar b one eight six eight one nine six four gracie allen american actress and comedienne one nine six five le corbusier swiss architect b one eight eight seven one nine six seven brian epstein english manager of the beatles b one nine three four one nine six eight princess marina duchess of kent b one nine zero six one nine six nine ivy compton burnett english novelist b one eight eight four one nine six nine erika mann german writer and daughter of thomas mann b one nine zero five one nine seven one bennett cerf american publisher and television personality b one eight nine eight one nine seven five haile selassie i emperor of ethiopia b one eight nine two one nine seven six mukesh indian playback singer b one nine two three one nine seven nine earl mountbatten british admiral and statesman assassinated b one nine zero zero one nine eight zero douglas kenney american humorist b one nine four seven one nine eight eight wi |
lliam sargant british psychiatrist b one nine zero seven one nine nine zero stevie ray vaughan american guitarist b one nine five four one nine nine seven brandon tartikoff american television producer b one nine four nine two zero zero two richard ricci american handyman wrongly suspected of being a kidnapper in the elizabeth smart case b one nine five three two zero zero three pierre poujade french politician b one nine two zero two zero zero four willie crawford baseball player b one nine four six holidays and observances roman festivals volturnalia held in honor of volturnus rc saints saint monica of hippo moldova independence day from the ussr one nine nine one external links bbc on this day august two six august two eight july two seven september two seven listing of all days this article is about organic compounds containing oh groups for other uses see alcohol disambiguation in chemistry alcohol is any organic compound in which a hydroxyl group oh is bound to a carbon atom which in turn is bound to ot |
her hydrogen and or carbon atoms the general formula for a simple acyclic alcohol is cnh two n one oh in general usage alcohol refers almost always to ethanol also known as grain alcohol and often to any beverage that contains ethanol see alcoholic beverage this sense underlies the term alcoholism addiction to alcohol as a drug ethanol is known to have a depressing effect that decreases the responses of the central nervous system see effects of alcohol on the body other forms of alcohol are usually described with a clarifying adjective as in isopropyl alcohol or by the suffix ol as in isopropanol the word dates to the one six th century when it was used to refer to any chemical substance arrived at by sublimation this derived from the medieval latin alcohol powdered ore of antimony originating from arabic which is also the source of kohl and related to the root k l attested in the arabic word for eye makeup structure an alcohol the functional group of an alcohol is a hydroxyl group bonded to an sp hybridized |
carbon it can therefore be regarded as a derivative of water with an alkyl group replacing one of the hydrogens if an aryl group is present rather than an alkyl the compound is generally called a phenol rather than an alcohol also if the hydroxyl group is bonded to one of the sp hybridized carbons of an alkenyl group the compound is referred to as an enol the oxygen in an alcohol has a bond angle of around one zero nine c f one zero four five in water and two nonbonded electron pairs the o h bond in methanol ch three oh is around nine six picometres long primary secondary and tertiary alcohols there are three major subsets of alcohols primary one secondary two and tertiary three based upon the number of carbons the c oh carbon shown in red is bonded to methanol is the simplest primary alcohol the simplest secondary alcohol is isopropanol propan two ol and a simple tertiary alcohol is tert butanol two methylpropan two ol some common alcohols methanol wood alcohol it is now a cheap commodity chemical produced b |
y the high pressure reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen in common usage alcohol often refers simply to ethanol or grain alcohol methylated spirits meths also called surgical spirits is a form of ethanol rendered undrinkable by the addition of methanol aside from its major use in alcoholic beverages ethanol is also used though highly controlled as an industrial solvent and raw material uses alcohols are in wide use in industry and science as reagents solvents and fuels ethanol and methanol can be made to burn more cleanly than gasoline or diesel because of its low toxicity and ability to dissolve non polar substances ethanol is often used as a solvent in medical drugs perfumes and vegetable essences such as vanilla in organic synthesis alcohols frequently serve as versatile intermediates ethanol is also commonly used in beverages after fermentation to promote flavor or induce a euphoric intoxication commonly known as drunkenness or being drunk the use of ethanol for this purpose is illegal in some jurisd |
ictions in such instances of consumption alcohol is a drug with immediate potential for overdose toxic poisoning and physiological dependency known as alcoholism alcoholism has become one of the most common drug addictions if not second to caffeine in the world the physiological dependency caused by alcoholism means that the user experiences physical withdrawal in the form of a headache known as a hangover extremely high anxiety known as the shakes and restlessness or trouble sleeping upon cessation or decrease of use for the full article on this topic see effects of alcohol on the body because of such particular uses historically ethanol has been regulated by taxation those who manufacture it for other purposes often avoid this expense by denaturing it in a manner that renders it unfit for drinking a common way to do this is by the addition of denatonium benzoate sd four zero and sd alcohol sometimes followed by four zero b are designations that were established by the bureau of alcohol tobacco and firearms |
for this formulation sources many alcohols can be created by fermentation of fruits or grains with yeast but only ethanol is commercially produced this way chiefly for fuel and drink other alcohols are generally produced by synthetic routes from natural gas petroleum or coal feed stocks for example via acid catalyzed hydration of alkenes for more details see chemistry of alcohols nomenclature systematic names in the iupac system the name of the alkane chain loses the terminal e and adds ol e g methanol and ethanol when necessary the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the ol propan one ol for ch three ch two ch two oh propan two ol for ch three ch oh ch three sometimes the position number is written before the iupac name one propanol and two propanol if a higher priority group is present such as an aldehyde ketone or carboxylic acid then it is necessary to use the prefix hydroxy for example one hydroxy two propanone ch three coch two oh some examples of simple a |
lcohols and how to name them examples of alcohols alcohol e g methyl alcohol ethyl alcohol or tert butyl alcohol propyl alcohol may be n propyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol depending on whether the hydroxyl group is bonded to the one st or two nd carbon on the propane chain isopropyl alcohol is also occasionally called sec propyl alcohol as mentioned above alcohols are classified as primary one secondary two or tertiary three and common names often indicate this in the alkyl group prefix for example ch three three coh is a tertiary alcohol is commonly known as tert butyl alcohol this would be named two methylpropan two ol under iupac rules indicating a propane chain with methyl and hydroxyl groups both attached to the middle two carbon an alcohol with two hydroxyl groups is commonly called a glycol e g ho ch two ch two oh is ethylene glycol the iupac name is ethane one two diol diol indicating two hydroxyl groups and one two indicating their bonding positions geminal glycols with the two hydroxyls on the same |
carbon atom such as ethane one one diol are generally unstable for three or four groups triol and tetraol are used etymology the word alcohol almost certainly comes from the arabic language the al prefix being the arabic definite article however the precise origin is unclear it was introduced into europe together with the art of distillation and the substance itself around the one two th century by various european authors who translated and popularized the discoveries of islamic alchemists a popular theory found in many dictionaries is that it comes from alkhl al kuhul originally the name of very finely powdered antimony sulfide sb two s three used as an antiseptic and eyeliner the powder is prepared by sublimation of the natural mineral stibnite in a closed vessel according to this theory the meaning of alkuhul would have been first extended to distilled substances in general and then narrowed to ethanol this conjectured etymology has been circulating in england since one six seven two at least oed however |
this derivation is suspicious since the current arabic name for alcohol alkhwl al does not derive from al kuhul the qur an in verse three seven four seven uses the word alghwl al ghawl properly meaning spirit spiritual being or demon with the sense the thing that gives the wine its headiness the word al ghawl also originated the english word ghoul and the name of the star algol this derivation would of course be consistent with the use of spirit or spirit of wine as synonymous of alcohol in most western languages incidentally the etymology alcohol the devil was used in the one nine three zero s by the u s temperance movement for propaganda purposes according to the second theory the popular etymology and the spelling alcohol would not be due to generalization of the meaning of alkhl but rather to western alchemists and authors confusing the two words alkhl and alghwl which have indeed been transliterated in many different and overlapping ways physical and chemical properties the hydroxyl group generally make |
s the alcohol molecule polar those groups can form hydrogen bonds to one another and to other compounds two opposing solubility trends in alcohols are the tendency of the polar oh to promote solubility in water and of the carbon chain to resist it thus methanol ethanol and propanol are miscible in water because the hydroxyl group wins out over the short carbon chain butanol with a four carbon chain is moderately soluble because of a balance between the two trends alcohols of five or more carbons pentanol and higher are effectively insoluble because of the hydrocarbon chain s dominance because of hydrogen bonding alcohols tend to have higher boiling points than comparable hydrocarbons and ethers all simple alcohols are miscible in organic solvents this hydrogen bonding means that alcohols can be used as protic solvents the lone pairs of electrons on the oxygen of the hydroxyl group also makes alcohols nucleophiles alcohols like water can show either acidic or basic properties at the o h group with a pka of aro |
und one six one nine they are generally slightly weaker acids than water but they are still able to react with strong bases such as sodium hydride or reactive metals such as sodium the salts that result are called alkoxides with the general formula ro m alcohols conjugated to aromatic rings have a lower pka around one zero electron withdrawing groups also work to make alcohols more acidic for example para nitro phenol has a pka of seven one five meanwhile the oxygen atom has lone pairs of nonbonded electrons that render it weakly basic in the presence of strong acids such as sulfuric acid for example with methanol acidity two r o na h two two r oh two na two r o na e g two ch three ch two oh two na two ch three ch two o na water is similar in pka to many alcohols so with sodium hydroxide there is an equilibrium set up which usually lies to the left r oh naoh r o na h two o equilibrium to the left it should be noted though that the bases used to deprotonate alcohols are strong themselves the bases used and the |
alkoxides created are both highly moisture sensitive chemical reagents nucleophilic substitution the oh group is not a good leaving group in nucleophilic substitution reactions so neutral alcohols do not react in such reactions however if the oxygen is first protonated to give r oh two the leaving group water is much more stable and nucleophilic substitution can take place for instance tertiary alcohols react with hydrochloric acid to produce tertiary alkyl halides where the hydroxyl group is replaced by a chlorine atom if primary or secondary alcohols are to be reacted with hydrochloric acid an activator such as zinc chloride is needed alternatively the conversion may be performed directly using thionyl chloride one some simple conversions of alcohols to alkyl chlorides alcohols may likewise be converted to alkyl bromides using hydrobromic acid or phosphorus tribromide for example three r oh pbr three three rbr h three po three in the barton mccombie deoxygenation an alcohol is deoxygenated to an alkane wit |
h tributyltin hydride or a trimethylborane water complex in a radical substitution reaction dehydration alcohols are themselves nucleophilic so r oh two can react with roh to produce ethers and water in a dehydration reaction although this reaction is rarely used except in the manufacture of diethyl ether more useful is the e one elimination reaction of alcohols to produce alkenes the reaction generally obeys zaitsev s rule which states that the most stable usually the most substituted alkene is formed tertiary alcohols eliminate easily at just above room temperature but primary alcohols requre a higher temperature this is a diagram of acid catalysed dehydration of ethanol to produce ethene esterification to form an ester from an alcohol and a carboxylic acid the reaction known as fischer esterification is usually performed at reflux with a catalyst of concentrated sulfuric acid r oh r cooh leftrightarrow r coor h two o in order to drive the equilibrium to the right and produce a good yield of ester water is |
usually removed either by an excess of h two so four or by using a dean stark apparatus esters may also be prepared by reaction of the alcohol with an acid chloride in the presence of a base such as pyridine other types of ester are prepared similarly for example tosyl tosylate esters are made by reaction of the alcohol with p toluenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine oxidation primary alcohols generally give aldehydes or carboxylic acids upon oxidation while secondary alcohols give ketones traditionally strong oxidants such as the dichromate ion or potassium permanganate are used under acidic conditions for example three ch three ch oh ch three k two cr two o seven four h two so four three ch three c o ch three cr two so four three k two so four seven h two o frequently in aldehyde preparations these reagents cause a problem of over oxidation to the carboxylic acid to avoid this other reagents such as pcc dess martin periodinane two iodoxybenzoic acid tpap or methods such as swern oxidation are now preferred alco |
hols with a methyl group attached to the alcohol carbon can also undergo a haloform reaction such as the iodoform reaction in the presence of the halogen and a base such as sodium hydroxide tertiary alcohols resist oxidation but can be oxidised by reagents such as two three dichloro five six dicyano one four benzoquinone see also alcohol as a fuel alcoholic beverage effects of alcohol on the body transesterification sugar alcohols fatty alcohols references sci toys website explanation of denatured alcohol designations external links what is alcohol anyway interesting information about alcohols alcohol alcohols drugs antiseptics arabic words functional groups location of achill island keem bay on achill island is said to be one of the most beautiful beaches in ireland achill island irish acaill oile n acla in county mayo is the largest island off ireland and is situated off the west coast it has a population of two seven zero zero its area is five seven square miles one four six square kilometres achill is att |
ached to the mainland by michael davitt bridge between the villages of achill sound and polranny so it is possible to drive onto the island this is a swing bridge which allows the passage of small boats a bridge was first completed here in one eight eight six and replaced by the current structure after world war ii other centres of population include the villages of keel dooagh dooega and dugort the island s football pitch and two secondary schools are on the mainland at polranny early settlements are believed to have been established on achill around three zero zero zero bce a paddle dating from this period was found at the crannog near dookinella the island is eight seven per cent peat bog the parish of achill also includes the corraun peninsula the people of corraun consider themselves achill people and most natives of achill refer to this area as being in achill in the summer of one nine nine six the rnli decided to station a lifeboat at kildownet history it is believed that at the end of the neolithic pe |
riod around four zero zero zero bce achill had a population of five zero zero one zero zero zero people the island would have been mostly forest until the neolithic people began crop cultivation settlememt increased during the iron age and the dispersal of small forts around the coast indicate the warlike nature of the times granuaile maintained a castle at kildownet in the sixteenth century in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries there was much migration to achill from other parts of ireland particularly ulster due to the political and religious turmoil of the time for a while there were two different dialects of irish being spoken on achill this led to many townlands being recorded as having two names during the one eight two four ordnace survey and some maps today give different names for the same place achill irish still has many traces of ulster irish sights overlooking the west coast of achill island despite some unsympathetic development the island retains some striking natural beauty the cliffs of |
croaghaun on the northern coast of the island are the highest sea cliffs in europe but are inaccessible by road on the western tip near achill head keem bay is arguably one of the most beautiful beaches on the irish west coast keel strand keel beach is quite popular with tourists and some locals as a surfing location another extreme point of the island is moytoge head which with its rounded appearance drops dramatically down to the ocean an old british observation post built during world war i to prevent the germans landing arms for the irish republican army separatist movement is still standing on moytoge the mountain slievemore six seven one metres rises dramatically in the centre of the island and the atlantic drive along the south west of the island has some dramatically beautiful views on the slopes of slievemore there is an abandoned village the deserted village the deserted village at slievemore was once thought to be a remnant village from an gorta m r the great hunger see great famine however recent |
developments suggest that it is a booley specifically the people of dooagh and pollagh would migrate in the summer to slievemore transhumance and then go back to dooagh in the fall just west of the deserted village is an old martello tower again built by the british to warn of any possible french invasion the area also boasts an approximately five zero zero zero year old neolithic tomb achillbeg acaill beag little achill is a small island just off achill s southern tip its inhabitants were resettled on achill in the one nine six zero s there is a mural of a surfer on the gable of a pub in cashel economy while a number of attempts at setting up small industrial units on the island have been made the economy of the island is largely dependent on tourism subventions from achill people working abroad in particular in england scotland and the united states allowed many families to remain living in achill throughout the one nine th and two zero th centuries since the advent of ireland s celtic tiger economy fewer |
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