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twisting the established detective fiction form one of her early books the murder of roger ackroyd is renowned for its surprise denouement she was scrupulous in playing fair with the reader by making sure information for solving the puzzle was given most of her books and short stories have been filmed some many times over murder on the orient express death on the nile four five zero from paddington the bbc has produced television and radio versions of most of the poirot and marple stories a later series of poirot dramatizations starring david suchet was made by granada television in two zero zero four the japanese broadcasting company nippon housou kyoukai turned poirot and marple into animated characters in the anime series agatha christie s great detectives poirot and marple introducing mabel west daughter of miss marple s mystery writer nephew raymond west a canonical christie character and her duck oliver as new characters biography a plaque from the agatha christie mile at torre abbey in torquay christe |
ned agatha may clarissa miller in torquay devon england she was the daughter of a united states born father and a british mother however she never held u s citizenship christie s first marriage an unhappy one was in one nine one four to colonel archibald christie an aviator in the royal flying corps the couple had one daughter rosalind hicks and divorced in one nine two eight during world war i she worked at a hospital and then a pharmacy a job that also influenced her work many of the murders in her books are carried out with poison in december one nine two six she disappeared for eleven days causing quite a storm in the press her car was found abandoned in a chalk pit she was eventually found staying at a hotel in harrogate where she claimed to have suffered amnesia due to a nervous breakdown following the death of her mother and her husband s confessed infidelity opinions are still divided as to whether this was a publicity stunt or not a one nine seven nine film agatha starring vanessa redgrave as christi |
e recounted a fictionalised version of the disappearance in one nine three zero christie married despite her divorce a roman catholic sir max mallowan a british archaeologist one four years her junior and her travels with him contributed background to several of her novels set in the middle east other novels such as and then there were none were set in and around torquay devon where she was born in one nine seven one she was granted the title of dame commander of the british empire agatha christie died on january one two one nine seven six at age eight five from natural causes at winterbrook house cholsey near wallingford oxfordshire she is buried at st mary s churchyard in cholsey oxon christie s only child rosalind hicks died on october two eight two zero zero four also aged eight five from natural causes christie s grandson matthew prichard now owns the royalties to his grandmother s works two of her novels were written at the height of her career but held back until after her death they were the last case |
s of poirot and miss marple in the final poirot novel curtain christie killed her creation and explained in her diary that she had always found him insufferable she had a great fondness for miss marple who was based largely on christie s own grandmother so she allowed miss marple to solve one more mystery in sleeping murder and return to the solitude of her village however since sleeping murder had been written quite a while previously at least one character colonel arthur bantry husband of jane marple s friend dolly who had been declared deceased in earlier released mysteries reappeared alive and well works one nine two zero the mysterious affair at styles her first book which introduced hercule poirot chief inspector japp and captain hastings one nine two two the secret adversary introduced tommy and tuppence one nine two three murder on the links one nine two four the man in the brown suit one nine two four poirot investigates eleven short stories one nine two five the secret of chimneys one nine two six t |
he murder of roger ackroyd one nine two seven the big four one nine two eight the mystery of the blue train isbn zero four two five one three zero two six six one nine two nine partners in crime fifteen short stories one nine two nine the seven dials mystery one nine three zero the murder at the vicarage introduced jane marple one nine three zero the mysterious mr quin introduced mr harley quin short stories one nine three one the sittaford mystery one nine three two peril at end house one nine three three the hound of death twelve short mysteries one nine three three lord edgware dies also known as thirteen at dinner one nine three three the thirteen problems thirteen short mysteries featuring miss marple one nine three four murder on the orient express isbn zero four two five two zero zero four five zero one nine three four parker pyne investigates twelve short mysteries introduced parker pyne and ariadne oliver one nine three four the listerdale mystery twelve short mysteries one nine three five three act |
tragedy also known as murder in three acts one nine three five why didn t they ask evans also known as the boomerang clue one nine three five death in the clouds also known as death in the air one nine three six the a b c murders also known as the alphabet murders one nine three six murder in mesopotamia one nine three six cards on the table one nine three seven death on the nile one nine three seven dumb witness also known as poirot loses a client one nine three seven murder in the mews four short stories featuring hercule poirot one nine three eight appointment with death one nine three nine and then there were none first published as ten little niggers also known as ten little indians isbn zero three one two nine seven nine four seven nine one nine three nine murder is easy also known as easy to kill one nine three nine hercule poirot s christmas isbn zero four two five one seven seven four one six one nine three nine regatta mystery and other stories nine short stories one nine four zero sad cypress one n |
ine four one evil under the sun one nine four one n or m one nine four one one two buckle my shoe also known as an overdose of death one nine four two the body in the library one nine four two five little pigs also known as murder in retrospect one nine four two the moving finger one nine four four towards zero one nine four four sparkling cyanide also known as remembered death one nine four five death comes as the end one nine four six the hollow also known as murder after hours one nine four seven the labours of hercules twelve short mysteries featuring hercule poirot one nine four eight taken at the flood also known as there is a tide one nine four eight witness for the prosecution and other stories one nine four nine crooked house one nine five zero a murder is announced one nine five zero three blind mice and other stories one nine five one they came to baghdad one nine five one the under dog and other stories nine short stories one nine five two mrs mcginty s dead also known as blood will tell one nine |
five two they do it with mirrors one nine five three a pocket full of rye one nine five three after the funeral also known as funerals are fatal one nine five five hickory dickory dock also known as hickory dickory death one nine five five destination unknown also known as so many steps to death one nine five six dead man s folly one nine five seven four five zero from paddington also known as what mrs mcgillycuddy saw one nine five seven ordeal by innocence one nine five nine cat among the pigeons one nine six zero the adventure of the christmas pudding six short stories one nine six one the pale horse one nine six two the mirror crack d from side to side one nine six three the clocks one nine six four a caribbean mystery one nine six five at bertram s hotel one nine six six third girl one nine six seven endless night one nine six eight by the pricking of my thumbs one nine six nine hallowe en party one nine seven zero passenger to frankfurt one nine seven one nemesis one nine seven one the golden ball and o |
ther stories fifteen short stories one nine seven two elephants can remember one nine seven three akhnaton a play in three acts one nine seven three postern of fate final tommy and tuppence last novel christie wrote one nine seven four poirot s early cases eighteen short mysteries one nine seven five curtain poirot s last case written four decades earlier one nine seven six sleeping murder miss marple s last case written four decades earlier one nine seven nine miss marple s final cases and two other stories one nine nine seven while the light lasts and other stories also known as the harlequin tea set and other stories co authored works one nine three one the floating admiral written together with g k chesterton dorothy l sayers and certain other members of the detection club plays adapted into novels by charles osborne one nine nine eight black coffee two zero zero one the unexpected guest two zero zero three the spider s web works written as mary westmacott one nine three zero giant s bread one nine three |
four unfinished portrait one nine four four absent in the spring one nine four eight the rose and the yew tree one nine five two a daughter s a daughter one nine five six the burden plays one nine two eight alibi one nine three zero black coffee one nine three six love from a stranger one nine three seven or one nine three nine a daughter s a daughter never performed one nine four zero peril at end house one nine four three ten little indians one nine four five appointment with death one nine four six murder on the nile hiddon horizon one nine four nine murder at the vicarage one nine five one the hollow one nine five two the mousetrap one nine five three witness for the prosecution one nine five four the spider s web one nine five six towards zero one nine five eight verdict one nine five eight the unexpected guest one nine six zero go back for murder one nine six two rule of three one nine seven two fiddler s three originally written as fiddler s five never published final play she wrote one nine seven thre |
e aknaton written in one nine three seven one nine seven seven murder is announced one nine eight one cards on the table one nine nine three murder is easy two zero zero zero and then there were none radio plays one nine three seven the yellow iris one nine four seven three blind mice one nine four eight butter in a lordly dish one nine six zero personal call television plays one nine three seven wasp s nest movie adaptions agatha christie is no stranger to the cinema over the last seven eight years poirot miss marple tommy and tuppence mr quin parker pyne and many others have been portrayed on numerous occasions one nine two eight die abenteuer g m b h the secret adversary one nine two eight the passing of mr quinn one nine three one alibi one nine three one black coffee one nine three four lord edgware dies one nine three seven love from a stranger one nine four five and then there were none one nine four seven love from a stranger one nine five seven witness for the prosecution one nine six zero the spider |
s web one nine six two murder she said based on four five zero from paddington one nine six three murder at the gallop based on after the funeral one nine six four murder most foul based on mrs mcginty s dead one nine six four murder ahoy an original movie not based on any of the books one nine six six ten little indians one nine six six the alphabet murders based on the abc murders one nine seven two endless night one nine seven four murder on the orient express one nine seven five ten little indians one nine seven eight death on the nile one nine eight zero the mirror crack d one nine eight two evil under the sun one nine eight four ordeal by innocence one nine eight eight appointment with death one nine eight nine ten little indians television plays one nine three eight love from a stranger one nine four seven love from a stranger one nine four nine ten little indians one nine five nine ten little indians one nine seven zero murder at the vicarage one nine eight zero why didn t they ask evans one nine eig |
ht two the spider s web one nine eight two the seven dials mystery one nine eight two the agatha christie hour one nine eight two murder is easy one nine eight two the witness for the prosecution one nine eight three partners in crime one nine eight three a caribbean mystery one nine eight three sparkling cyanide one nine eight four the body in the library one nine eight five murder with mirrors one nine eight five the moving finger one nine eight five a murder is announced one nine eight five a pocket full of rye one nine eight five thirten at dinner one nine eight six dead man s folly one nine eight six murder in three acts one nine eight six murder at the vicarage one nine eight seven sleeping murder one nine eight seven at bertram s hotel one nine eight seven nemesis one nine eight seven four five zero from paddington one nine eight nine the man in the brown suit one nine eight nine agatha christie s poirot one nine eight nine a caribbean mystery one nine nine zero peril at end house one nine nine zero th |
e mysterious affair at styles one nine nine one they do it with mirrors one nine nine two the mirror crack d from side to side one nine nine four hercule poirot s christmas one nine nine five murder on the links one nine nine five hickory dickory dock one nine nine six dumb witness one nine nine seven the pale horse two zero zero zero the murder of rodger ackroyd two zero zero zero lord edgware dies two zero zero one evil under the sun two zero zero one murder on the orient express two zero zero one murder in mesopotamia two zero zero three sparkling cyanide two zero zero four five little pigs two zero zero four death on the nile two zero zero four sad cypress two zero zero four the hollow two zero zero four marple two zero zero four the body in the library two zero zero four murder at the vicarage two zero zero four appointment with death two zero zero five a murder is announced two zero zero five the mystery of the blue train two zero zero five cards on the table two zero zero five sleeping murder two zero |
zero five taken at the flood two zero zero six after the funeral two zero zero six the moving finger two zero zero six by the pricking of my thumbs two zero zero six the sittaford mystery two zero zero seven hercule poirot s christmas a french film adaption video games two zero zero five and then there were none agatha christie in fiction dame agatha appears as one of the title characters with dorothy l sayers in the fictional murder mystery dorothy and agatha by gaylord larsen the poisoned chocolates case by anthony berkeley contains characters based on christie sayers carr and chesterton the movie agatha which was released in one nine seven nine was about a fictional solution to the real mystery of agatha christie s disappearance in one nine two six her chracter was played by vanessa redgrave other cast members included dustin hoffman and timothy dalton external links official agatha christie site agatha christie bibliography first editions illustrated free audiobook of the mysterious affair at styles at li |
brivox historical and cultural background to christie s mystery novels one eight nine zero births one nine seven six deaths natives of devon autodidacts british crime writers english mystery writers english dramatists and playwrights english short story writers dames commander of the british empire agatha christie for other uses see plague disambiguation the plague fr la peste is a novel by albert camus published in one nine four seven that tells the story of medical workers finding solidarity in their labor as the algerian city of oran is swept by a plague it asks a number of questions relating to the nature of destiny and the human condition the characters in the book ranging from doctors to vacationers to fugitives all help to show the effects the plague has on a populace generally taken as a metaphoric treatment of the french resistance to nazi occupation during world war ii the plague is interpreted to mean much more camus uses extreme hardships e g pain suffering and death to represent our human world t |
he story is told through the narrative of the main character dr rieux whose decidedly existential account of events in the story is not only helpful in exploring the philosophy of existentialism but also in making this a metaphor of the nature of life and suffering although his approach in the book is severe he emphasizes the ideas that we ultimately have no control irrationality of life is inevitable and he further illustrates the human reaction towards the absurd the plague represents how the world deals with the philosophical notion of the absurd a theory which camus himself helped to define main characters dr bernard rieux jean tarrou a man vacationing in oran raymond rambert visiting journalist cottard a fugitive joseph grand municipal worker who desires to be an author father paneloux a priest minor characters brakeley castel mme rieux m othon and his family the old man cat spitting guy asthma patient gonzalas richard prefect marcel and louis existentialism french novels one nine four seven books applie |
d ethics takes a theory of ethics such as utilitarianism social contract theory or deontology and applies its major principles to a particular set of circumstances and practices typical examples include applied fields such as medical ethics legal ethics environmental ethics computer ethics corporate social responsibility or business ethics many considerations of applied ethics also come into play in human rights discussions the chief difficulty with formal applied ethics is the potential for disagreement over what constitutes the proper theory or principles to apply which is bound to result in solutions to specific problems that are not universally acceptable to all participants for example a strict deontological approach would never permit us to deceive a patient about his condition whereas a utilitarian approach would have us consider the consequences of doing so a deontologist will often come up with a very different solution than would a utilitarian given the same facts one modern approach attempting to a |
ddress this is casuistry casuistry attempts to establish a plan of action to respond to particular facts a form of case based reasoning by doing so in advance of actual investigation of the facts it can reduce influence of interest groups by focusing on action and not the rationale it increases the possibility of agreement between prior bodies of precedent and explicit moral codes list of subfields of applied ethics medical ethics bioethics business ethics environmental ethics e g global warming human rights issues e g gender ethics sexism racism death penalty animal rights issues legal ethics computer ethics media ethics journalism ethics research ethics education ethics sports ethics military ethics international ethics e g world hunger see also ethics ethical codes list of ethics topics bibliography monograph anthologies journals ethics since one eight nine zero the journal of ethics journal of applied philosophy international journal of applied philosophy international journal of philosophical practice ex |
ternal links markkula center for applied ethics at santa clara university w maurice young centre for applied ethics at the university of british columbia association for practical and professional ethics at the university of indiana ethics adolf eichmann germany one nine four zero photo from united states holocaust memorial museum photo archives adolf otto eichmann march one nine one nine zero six june one one nine six two born karl adolf eichmann was a high ranking official in nazi germany and served as an obersturmbannf hrer in the s s he was largely responsible for the logistics of the extermination of millions of people during the holocaust in particular jews which was called the final solution endl sung he organized the identification and transportation of people to the various concentration camps therefore he is often referred to as the chief executioner of the third reich early life born in solingen germany adolf eichmann was the son of a moderately successful businessman and industrialist in one nine |
one four his family moved to linz austria and during the first world war eichmann s father served in the austro hungarian army at the war s conclusion eichmann s father returned to the family business in linz in one nine two zero eichmann s family moved to germany pre nazi years adolf eichmann in one nine three two when eichmann came of age in one nine two five he returned to austria to study mechanical engineering being a poor student however he soon dropped out of college eichmann then tried to follow in his father s footsteps in business working as a travelling salesman which brought him back to germany in one nine three zero eichmann s first contact with the nazi party was when he joined the wandervogel movement which has been described as a peasant aryan brotherhood based on anti semitic ideals there is evidence however that some of the wandervogel groups had jewish members and anti semitism may have existed in only some parts of the movement in one nine three two eichmann returned again to austria and f |
ormally joined the austrian nazi party at the age of twenty six nazi party and the ss ss scharf hrer adolf eichmann in one nine three three on the advice of old family friend ernst kaltenbrunner eichmann joined the austrian branch of the ss enlisting on april one one nine three two as an ss anw rter he was accepted as a full ss member that november appointed an ss mann and assigned the ss number four five three two six for the next year eichmann was a member of the part time allgemeine ss and served in a mustering formation operating from salzburg in one nine three three when the nazis came to power in germany eichmann returned to that country and submitted an application to join the full time ss this was accepted and in november of one nine three three eichmann was promoted to scharf hrer and assigned to the administrative staff of the dachau concentration camp by one nine three four eichmann had chosen to make the ss a career and requested transfer into the sicherheitspolizei security police which had by th |
at time become a very powerful and feared organization eichmann s transfer was granted in november of one nine three four as he was promoted to the rank of oberscharf hrer and assigned to the headquarters of the sicherheitsdienst sd in berlin eichmann became a model administrator in the sd and quickly became noticed by his superiors he was promoted to hauptscharf hrer in one nine three five and in one nine three seven commissioned as an ss untersturmf hrer in one nine three seven eichmann was sent to palestine with his superior herbert hagen to assess the possibilities of massive jewish emigration from germany to palestine they landed in haifa but could only obtain a transit visa so they went on to cairo in cairo they met feival polkes an agent of the haganah who discussed with them the plans of the zionists and tried to enlist their assistance in facilitating jewish emigration from europe according to an answer eichmann gave at his trial he had also planned to meet arab leaders in palestine this never happen |
ed because entry to palestine was refused by the british authorities afterwards eichmann and hagen wrote a report recommending against large scale emigration to palestine for economic reasons and because it contradicted the german policy of preventing the establishment of a jewish state there this episode is sometimes seen as an important step towards the nazi abandonment of emigration as the preferred solution to the jewish problem in one nine three eight eichmann was assigned to austria to help organize ss security forces in vienna after the anschluss of austria into germany through this effort eichmann was promoted to ss obersturmf hrer and by the end of one nine three eight adolf eichmann had been selected by the ss leadership to form the central office for jewish emigration which was in charge of forcibly deporting and expelling jews from austria through this work eichmann became a student of judaism finding the religion fascinating while also developing deep anti semitic values and a hatred of the jewis |
h faith world war ii adolf eichmann in one nine four two at the start of the second world war eichmann had been promoted to ss hauptsturmf hrer and had made a name for himself with his office for jewish emigration through this work eichmann made several contacts in the zionist movement which he worked with to speed up jewish emigration from the reich eichmann returned to berlin in one nine three nine after the formation of the reich central security office rsha in december one nine three nine he was assigned to head rsha referat iv d four the rsha department that dealt with jewish affairs and evacuation in august one nine four zero he released his reichssicherheitshauptamt madagaskar projekt reich central security office madagascar project a plan for forced jewish deportation that never materialized he was promoted to the rank of ss sturmbannf hrer in late one nine four zero and less than a year later to obersturmbannf hrer in one nine four two reinhard heydrich invited eichmann to attend the wannsee conferen |
ce where germany s anti jewish measures were set down into an official policy of genocide to this final solution of the jewish question eichmann was tasked as transportation administrator which put him in charge of all the trains which would carry jews to the death camps in poland for the next two years eichmann performed his duties with incredible zeal often bragging that he had personally sent over five million jews to their deaths by way of his trains eichmann s work had been noticed and in one nine four four he was sent to hungary after germany had occupied that country in fear of a soviet invasion eichmann at once went to work deporting jews and was able to send four hundred thousand hungarians to their deaths in the nazi gas chambers by one nine four five eichmann s world was collapsing as reich leader heinrich himmler had ordered that jewish extermination be halted and evidence of the final solution be destroyed eichmann blatantly turned against himmler and continued his work in hungary against officia |
l orders eichmann was also working to avoid being called up in the last ditch german military effort since a year before he had been commissioned as a reserve untersturmf hrer in the waffen ss and was now being ordered to active combat duty eichmann fled hungary in one nine four five as the russians invaded and he returned to austria where he met up with his old friend ernst kaltenbrunner kaltenbrunner however refused to associate with eichmann since eichmann s duties as an extermination administrator had left him a marked man by the allies post world war ii at the end of world war ii eichmann was captured by the us army who did not know that this man who presented himself as otto eckmann was in fact a much bigger fish early in one nine four six he escaped from us custody and hid in various parts of germany for a few years in one nine four eight he obtained a landing permit for argentina but did not seek to use it immediately at the beginning of one nine five zero eichmann went to italy where he posed as a re |
fugee named ricardo klement with the help of a franciscan monk who had connections with archbishop alois hudal eichmann obtained an international committee of the red cross humanitarian passport and an argentinian visa he arrived by ship in argentina on july one four one nine five zero for the next ten years he worked in several odd jobs in the buenos aires area from factory foreman to junior water engineer and professional rabbit farmer eichmann also brought his family to argentina argentina at the time was a haven for many nazis capture adolf eichmann during his one nine six one trial in jerusalem throughout the one nine five zero s many jews and other victims of the holocaust dedicated themselves to finding eichmann and other nazi war criminals among them was nazi hunter simon wiesenthal in one nine five four wiesenthal s suspicions that eichmann was in argentina were sparked upon receiving a postcard from an associate who had moved to buenos aires i saw that dirty pig eichmann the letter read in part he l |
ives near buenos aires and works for a water company with this and other information collected by wiesenthal the israelis had solid leads regarding eichmann s whereabouts isser harel the then head of mossad israeli intelligence agency later claimed in an unpublished manuscript that wiesenthal had no role whatsoever in eichmann s apprehension but in fact had endangered the entire eichmann operation and aborted the planned capture of auschwitz doctor josef mengele schachter jonathan isser harel takes on nazi hunter wiesenthal had no role in eichmann kidnapping the jerusalem post seven may one nine nine one also instrumental in exposing eichmann s identity was lothar hermann a worker of jewish descent who fled to argentina from germany following his incarceration in the dachau concentration camp where eichmann had served as an administrator by the one nine five zero s hermann had settled into life in buenos aires with his family daughter sylvia became acquainted with the eichmann family and romantically involved |
with klaus the oldest eichmann son due to klaus s boastful remarks about his father s life as a nazi and direct responsibility for the holocaust hermann knew he had struck gold in one nine five seven after reading a newspaper report about german war criminals of which eichmann was one soon after he sent sylvia to the eichmanns home on a fact finding mission she was met at the door by eichmann himself and after unsuccessfully asking for klaus she inquired as to whether she was speaking to his father eichmann confirmed this fact excited hermann soon began a correspondence with fritz bauer chief prosecutor for the west german state of hesse and provided details about eichmann s person and life bauer knew that germany served by former employees of the nazi regime would do little to serve justice to eichmann he contacted israeli officials who worked closely with hermann over the next several years to learn about eichmann and to formulate a plan to capture him in one nine six zero the mossad discovered that eichma |
nn was in argentina and began an effort to locate his exact whereabouts when through relentless surveillance it was confirmed that ricardo klement was in fact adolf eichmann the israeli government then approved an operation to capture eichmann and bring him to jerusalem for trial as a war criminal he was captured by a team of mossad agents on may one one one nine six zero as part of a covert operation he was flown aboard an el al airliner from argentina to israel on may two one one nine six zero for some time the israeli government denied involvement in eichmann s capture claiming that he had been taken by jewish volunteers eventually however the pretense was dropped and then prime minister david ben gurion announced eichmann s capture to the knesset israel s national legislature on may two three one nine six zero receiving a standing ovation in return isser harel head of the mossad at the time of the operation wrote a book about eichmann s capture entitled the house on garibaldi street some years later a mem |
ber of the capture team peter malkin authored eichmann in my hands a book that contains fascinating insights into eichmann s character and motivations but whose veracity has been attacked trial eichmann and a bulletproof glass booth during the open trial eichmann s trial in front of an israeli court in jerusalem started on april one one one nine six one he was indicted on one five criminal charges including charges of crimes against humanity crimes against the jewish people and membership of an outlawed organization as in israeli criminal procedure his trial was presided over by three judges gideon hausner the israeli attorney general personally acted as chief prosecutor the trial caused huge international controversy as well as an international sensation the israeli government allowed news programs all over the world to broadcast the trial live with few restrictions television viewers saw a nondescript man sitting in a bulletproof glass booth while witnesses including many holocaust survivors testified again |
st him and his role in transporting victims to the extermination camps during the whole trial eichmann insisted that he was only following orders the same defense used by the nazi war criminals during the one nine four five one nine four six nuremberg trials he explicitly declared that he had abdicated his consciousness in order to follow the f hrerprinzip this defense in turn promoted the milgram experiment after one four weeks of testimony with more than one five zero zero documents one zero zero prosecution witnesses nine zero of whom were nazi concentration camp survivors and dozens of defense depositions delivered by diplomatic couriers from one six different countries the eichmann trial ended on august one four one nine six one where the judges were then left to deliberate on december one one the three judges announced their verdict where eichmann was convicted on all counts he was then sentenced to death on december one five one nine six one eichmann appealed the verdict mostly relying on legal argumen |
ts about israel s jurisdiction and the legality of the laws under which he was charged he also claimed that he was protected by the principle of acts of state and repeated his superior orders defence on may two nine one nine six two israel s supreme court sitting as a court of criminal appeal rejected the appeal and upheld the district court s judgment on all counts on may three one israeli president itzhak ben zvi turned down eichmann s petition for mercy eichmann was hanged a few minutes after midnight on june one one nine six two at ramla prison officially the only civil execution ever carried out in israel eichmann allegedly refused a last meal preferring instead a bottle of carmel a dry red israeli wine of which he consumed about half of the bottle he also refused to don the traditional black hood for his execution his last words were reportedly long live germany long live austria long live argentina these are the countries with which i have been most closely associated and i shall not forget them i had |
to obey the rules of war and my flag i am ready his body was cremated and ashes scattered at sea the very next morning so that no nation would serve as adolf eichmann s final resting place eichmann analysis in the four zero years since eichmann s death historians have speculated on certain facts regarding his life the most important question is how responsible eichmann was for the implementation of the holocaust most agree that eichmann knew exactly what he was doing however some eichmann defenders his son included state that he was unfairly judged and that he was only doing his duty as a german soldier a third and highly controversial analysis came from political theorist hannah arendt a jew who fled germany before hitler s rise and who reported on eichmann s trial for the new yorker magazine in eichmann in jerusalem a book formed by this reporting arendt concluded that aside from a desire for improving his career eichmann showed no trace of anti semitism or psychological damage she called him the embodiment |
of the banality of evil as he appeared at his trial to have an ordinary and common personality displaying neither guilt nor hatred she suggested that this most strikingly discredits the idea that the nazi criminals were manifestly psychopathic and different from ordinary people many concluded from this and similar observations that even the most ordinary of people can commit horrendous crimes if placed in the right situation and given the correct incentives but arendt disagreed with this interpretation eichmann s involvement with the ss underground group odessa is also a mystery as there is evidence that eichmann had contact with the group but did not actively participate in odessa activities rumours also abound as to whether or not eichmann personally knew josef mengele and whether or not the two war criminals ever worked together in south america mossad was convinced that eichmann was a contact for mengele and had planned to conduct a dual capture operation in one nine six one had eichmann revealed mengele |
s whereabouts a footnote to eichmann s ss career focuses on the point as to why he was never promoted to the rank of full ss colonel known as standartenf hrer with eichmann s record and responsibilities he would have been a prime candidate for advancement yet after one nine four one his ss record contains no evidence that he was ever even recommended for another promotion many have speculated that ernst kaltenbrunner may have seen eichmann as a dangerous man rising through the ss ranks and had curbed his ss career to prevent eichmann from becoming too powerful books hannah arendt eichmann in jerusalem a report on the banality of evil one nine six three david cesarani eichmann his life and times two zero zero four harry mulisch case four zero six one report on the eichmann trial one nine six three moshe pearlman the capture of adolf eichmann one nine six one cited in hannah arendt eichmann in jerusalem penguin one nine nine four p two three five pierre de villemarest untouchable who protected bormann gestapo |
m ller after one nine four five aquilion two zero zero five isbn one nine zero four nine nine seven zero two three gestapo m ller was one of the chiefs of adolf eichmann external links bbc adolf eichmann the mind of a war criminal the capture of adolf eichmann from the jewish virtual library declassified cia names file on adolf eichmann provided by the national security archive eichmann trial the complete transcripts provided by the nizkor project one nine zero six births one nine six two deaths natives of north rhine westphalia war criminals executed nazi leaders holocaust lieutenant colonels ss officers nazi leaders in mathematics the absolute value or modulus one of a real number is its numerical value without regard to its sign so for example three is the absolute value of both three and three in computers the mathematical function used to perform this calculation is usually given the name abs generalizations of the absolute value for real numbers occur in a wide variety of mathematical settings for examp |
le an absolute value is also defined for the complex numbers the quaternions ordered rings fields and vector spaces the absolute value is closely related to the notions of magnitude distance and norm in various mathematical and physical contexts the graph of the absolute value function for real numbers real numbers for any real number a the absolute value or modulus of a is denoted two a and is defined as a begin a distance below the following proposition gives an identity which is sometimes used as an alternative and equivalent definition of the absolute value proposition one a sqrt the absolute value has the following four fundamental properties proposition two other important properties of the absolute value include proposition three b ne zero preservation of division equivalent to multiplicativeness a b ge a b equivalent to subadditivity two other useful inequalities are a le b iff b le a le b a ge b iff a le b mbox b le a the above are often used in solving inequalities for example complex numbers since |
the complex numbers are not ordered the definition given above for the real absolute value cannot be directly generalized for a complex number however the identity given in proposition one a sqrt can be seen as motivating the following definition for any complex number z x iy the absolute value or modulus of z is denoted z and is defined as z sqrt it follows that the absolute value of a real number x is equal to its absolute value considered as a complex number since x i zero sqrt sqrt x similar to the geometric interpretation of the absolute value for real numbers it follows from the pythagorean theorem that the absolute value of a complex number is the distance in the complex plane of that complex number from the origin and more generally that the absolute value of the difference of two complex numbers is equal to the distance between those two complex numbers the complex absolute value shares all the properties of the real absolute value given in propositions two and three above in addition if z x mathrmy |
r cos phi mathrm sin phi and bar x iy is the complex conjugate of z then it is easily seen that z r z bar z sqrt absolute value functions the real absolute value function is continuous everywhere it is differentiable everywhere except for x zero it is monotonically decreasing on the interval zero and monotonically increasing on the interval zero since a real number and its negative have the same absolute value it is an even function and is hence not invertible the complex absolute value function is continuous everywhere but differentiable nowhere one way to see this is to show that it does not obey the cauchy riemann equations both the real and complex functions are idempotent ordered rings the definition of absolute value given for real numbers above can easily be extended to any ordered ring that is if a is an element of an ordered ring r then the absolute value of a denoted by a is defined to be a begin a absolute value distance for the real numbers or the complex numbers agrees with the standard euclidean |
distance they inherit as a result of considering them as the one and two dimensional euclidean spaces respectively the properties of the absolute value of the difference of two real or complex numbers non negativity identity of indiscernibles symmetry and the triangle inequality given in propositions two and three above can be seen to motivate the more general notion of a distance function as follows a real valued function d on a set x times x is called a distance function or a metric for x if it satisfies the following four axioms fields the fundamental properties of the absolute value for real numbers given in proposition two above can be used to generalize the notion of absolute value to an arbitrary field as follows a real valued function v on a field f is called an absolute value also a modulus magnitude value or valuation if it satisfies the following four axioms it follows from the above that v one one where one denotes the multiplicative identity element of f the real and complex absolute values defi |
ned above are examples of absolute values for an arbitrary field if v is an absolute value on f then the function d on f times f defined by d a b v a b is a metric and if e is the multiplicative identity in f then the following are equivalent d satisfies the ultrametric inequality d x y le mathrm big n e big n in mathbb big is bounded in r v big sum n e big le one for every n in mathbb v a b le mathrm for all a b in f an absolute value which satisfies any hence all of the above conditions is said to be non archimedean otherwise it is said to be archimedean three vector spaces again the fundamental properties of the absolute value for real numbers can be used with a slight modification to generalize the notion to an arbitrary vector space a real valued function on a vector space v a over a field f is called an absolute value or more usually a norm if it satisfies the following axioms for all a in f and mathbf mathbf in v ge zero non negativity mathbf zero iff mathbf zero positive definiteness a mathbf a mathbf |
positive homogeneity or positive scalability mathbf mathbf le mathbf mathbf subadditivity or triangle inequality the norm of a vector is also called its length or magnitude in the case of euclidean space r n the function x one x two cdots x n sqrt x i two is a norm called the euclidean norm when the real numbers r are considered as the one dimensional vector space r one the absolute value is a norm and is the p norm for any p in fact the absolute value is the only norm in r one in the sense that for every norm in r one x one x the complex absolute value is a special case of the norm in an inner product space it is identical to the euclidean norm if the complex plane is identified with the euclidean plane r two algorithms in the c programming language the abs labs llabs in c nine nine fabs fabsf and fabsl functions compute the absolute value of an operand coding the integer version of the function is trivial ignoring the boundary case where the largest negative integer is input int abs int i if i cdq extends |
the sign bit of eax into edx if eax is nonnegative then edx becomes zero and the latter two instructions have no effect leaving eax unchanged if eax is negative then edx becomes zero xffffffff or one the next two instructions then become a two s complement inversion giving the absolute value of the negative value in eax references nahin paul j an imaginary tale princeton university press hardcover one nine nine eight isbn zero six nine one zero two seven nine five one o connor j j and robertson e f jean robert argand schechter eric handbook of analysis and its foundations pp two five nine two six three absolute values academic press one nine nine seven isbn zero one two six two two seven six zero eight weisstein eric w mathworld absolute value notes one jean robert argand is credited with introducing the term modulus in one eight zero six see nahin o connor and robertson and functions wolfram com two functions wolfram com credits karl weierstrass with introducing the notation x in one eight four one three sch |
echter p two six zero two six one numeration arches national park preserves over two zero zero zero natural sandstone arches including the world famous delicate arch in addition to a variety of unique geological resources and formations the park is located near moab utah and is one one nine square miles three zero nine km in size its highest elevation is five six five three feet one seven two three m at elephant butte and its lowest elevation is four zero eight five feet one two four five m at the visitor center it receives one zero inches two five zero mm of rain a year on average the area administered by the national park service was originally designated as a national monument on april one two one nine two nine it was redesignated a national park on november one two one nine seven one more than seven three zero zero zero zero people visited it in two zero zero four features north window and south window arches among the notable features of the park are delicate arch a lone standing arch which has become a |
symbol of utah balanced rock a large balancing rock double arch two arches located close to each other landscape arch a very thin long arch over three zero zero feet one zero zero m the largest in the park fiery furnace an area of maze like narrow passages and tall rock columns devil s garden with many arches and columns scattered along a ridge dark angel a free standing column of dark stone at the end of the devil s garden trail courthouse towers a collection of tall columns petrified dunes petrified remnants of sand dunes blown from the ancient lakes that covered the area geology delicate arch one of the most famous arches in the park usgs the national park lies atop an underground salt bed which is basically responsible for the arches and spires balanced rocks sandstone fins and eroded monoliths in the area thousands of feet thick in places this salt bed was deposited over the colorado plateau some three zero zero million years ago when a sea flowed into the region and eventually evaporated over millions o |
f years the salt bed was covered with residue from floods and winds and the oceans that came in intervals much of this debris was compressed into rock at one time this overlying earth may have been one mile thick salt under pressure is unstable and the salt bed below arches was no match for the weight of this thick cover of rock under such pressure it shifted buckled liquefied and repositioned itself thrusting the earth layers upward into domes whole sections dropped into cavities in places they turned almost on edge faults occurred the result of one such two five zero zero foot displacement the moab fault is seen from the visitor center as this subsurface movement of salt shaped the earth surface erosion stripped away the younger rock layers except for isolated remnants the major formations visible in the park today are the salmon colored entrada sandstone in which most of the arches form and the buff colored navajo sandstone these are visible in layer cake fashion throughout most of the park over time water |
seeped into the superficial cracks joints and folds of these layers ice formed in the fissures expanding and putting pressure on surrounding rock breaking off bits and pieces winds later cleaned out the loose particles a series of free standing fins remained wind and water attacked these fins until in some the cementing material gave way and chunks of rock tumbled out many damaged fins collapsed others with the right degree of hardness and balance survived despite their missing sections these became the famous arches this is the geologic story of arches probably the evidence is largely circumstantial history turret arch humans have occupied the region since the last ice age one zero zero zero zero years ago fremont people and ancient pueblo people lived in the area up until about seven zero zero years ago spanish missionaries encountered ute and paitue tribes in the area when they first came through in one seven seven five but the first european americans to attempt settlement in the area were the mormon elk |
mountain mission in one eight five five but then soon abandoned the area ranchers farmers and prospectors later settled moab in the neighboring riverine valley in the one eight eight zero s word of the beauty in the surrounding rock formations spread beyond the settlement as a possible tourist destination the arches area was first brought to the attention of the national park service by frank a wadleigh passenger traffic manager of the denver and rio grande western railroad wadleigh accompanied by railroad photographer george l beam visited the area in september one nine two three at the invitation of alexander ringhoffer a hungarian born prospector living in salt valley ringhoffer had written to the railroad in an effort to interest them in the tourist potential of a scenic area he had discovered the previous year with his two sons and a son in law which he called the devil s garden known today as the klondike bluffs wadleigh was impressed by what ringhoffer showed him and suggested to park service director |
stephen t mather that the area be made a national monument the following year additional support for the monument idea came from laurence m gould a university of michigan graduate student studying the geology of the nearby la sal mountains who was shown the scenic area by retired local physician dr j w doc williams landscape arch a succession of government investigators examined the area in part due to confusion as to the precise location in the process the name devil s garden was transposed to an area on the opposite side of salt valley and ringhoffer s original discovery was omitted while another area nearby known locally as the windows was included designation of the area as a national monument was supported by the park service from one nine two six but was resisted by president calvin coolidge s interior secretary finally in april one nine two nine shortly after his inauguration president herbert hoover signed a presidential proclamation creating arches national monument consisting of two comparatively s |
mall disconnected sections the purpose of the reservation under the one nine zero six antiquities act was to protect the arches spires balanced rocks and other sandstone formations for their scientific and educational value the name arches was suggested by frank pinkely superintendent of the park service s southwestern national monuments following a visit to the windows section in one nine two five in late one nine three eight president franklin d roosevelt signed a proclamation which enlarged the arches to protect additional scenic features and permit development of facilities to promote tourism a small adjustment was made by president dwight eisenhower in one nine six zero to accommodate a new road alignment in early one nine six nine just before leaving office president lyndon johnson signed a proclamation substantially enlarging the arches two years later president richard nixon signed legislation enacted by congress which significantly reduced the area of arches but changed its status to a national park |
publicity american writer edward abbey was a park ranger at arches national monument when he kept journals that became his book desert solitaire the success of this book as well as the rise in adventure based recreation has drawn many hikers mountain bikers and off road enthusiasts to the area but activities are limited within park boundaries camping foot hiking along designated trails and driving only along marked roads the opening scenes of the movie indiana jones and the last crusade were filmed at the park reference the national parks index two zero zero one two zero zero three washington u s department of the interior external links arches national park official site photos of arches national park terra galleria arches national park photographic virtual tour of arches national park archaeological sites in the united states grand county utah national parks of the united states natural arches utah landmarks an analog or analogue signal is any variable signal continuous in both time and amplitude it differs |
from a digital signal in that small fluctuations in the signal are meaningful analog is usually thought of in an electrical context however mechanical pneumatic hydraulic and other systems may also use analog signals the word analog implies an analogy between cause and effect voltage in and voltage out current in and current out sound in and frequency out an analog signal uses some property of the medium to convey the signal s information for example an aneroid barometer uses rotary position as the signal to convey pressure information electrically the property most commonly used is voltage followed closely by frequency current and charge any information may be conveyed by an analog signal often such a signal is a measured response to changes in physical phenomena such as sound light temperature position or pressure and is achieved using a transducer for example in an analog sound recording the variation in pressure of a sound striking a microphone creates a corresponding variation in the voltage amplitude o |
f a current passing through it an increase in the volume of the sound causes the fluctuation of the current s voltage amplitude to increase while keeping the same rhythm the primary disadvantage of analog signalling is that any system has noise that is random variations in it as the signal is copied and re copied or transmitted over long distances these random variations become dominant electrically these losses are lessened by shielding good connections and several cable types such as coax and twisted pair the effects of noise make signal loss and distortion impossible to recover since amplifying the signal to recover attenuated parts of the signal amplifies the noise as well another method of conveying an analog signal is to use modulation in this some base signal e g a sinusoidal carrier wave has one of its properties modulated amplitude modulation involves altering the amplitude of a sinusoidal voltage waveform by the source information frequency modulation changes the frequency other techniques such as c |
hanging the phase of the base signal also work analog circuits do not involve quantisation of information into digital format the concept being measured over the circuit whether sound light pressure temperature or an exceeded limit remains from end to end clocks with hands are called analog those that display digits are called digital however many analog clocks are actually digital since the hands do not move in a smooth continuous motion but in small steps every second or half a second or every minute with a loud clunk see digital for a discussion of digital vs analog sources some of an earlier version of this article was originally taken from federal standard one zero three seven c in support of mil std one eight eight see also analog computer analog to digital converter digital to analog converter analog television analog synthesizer analog photocopier analog fax machine sound electronic design the one nine four five film version showing left to right barry fitzgerald june duprez and walter huston and then |
there were none also known as ten little indians and originally as ten little niggers is a detective novel by agatha christie first published in one nine three nine plot the story focuses on ten strangers who are all but one brought by misleading information to an island off the coast of devon in southern england the characters are vera claythorne a young teacher in a third class school philip lombard a down on his luck explorer mercenary william blore a retired police inspector now a private investigator dr edward armstrong a private physician justice lawrence wargrave a bitter cynical retired judge emily brent an elderly spinster and a religious zealot of extreme proportions rogers the butler general macarthur a lonely retired army man mrs rogers the housekeeper rogers wife anthony marston a reckless playboy on their first night the ten realize that they have been brought to the island under false pretenses but now have no means of getting away a mysterious gramophone recording informs them that all ten of |
them are guilty of murders though in this case the killings cannot be dealt with by law on the first night anthony marston dies of posioning in the morning mrs rogers fails to wake up and it is determined that she probably had a fatal overdose of sleeping drugs at lunch the next day general macarthur is found dead by a blow to the back of his head after searching the island for the murderer or possible hiding spots the survivors realize that the murderer can only be one of them and whoever it is is playing a game killing them in manners poetically similar to a nursery rhyme and also removing one of ten little figurines in the dining room after each death the survivors have a meeting and discover that none of them have an alibi for any of the deaths the next morning rogers is found dead in the woodshed having been killed with a giant axe that was nearby later that day emily brent dies from an injection of potassium cyanide the five remaining dr armstrong justice wargrave philip lombard vera claythorne and ins |
pector blore become increasingly paranoid later justice wargrave is found dead having been shot through the head that night dr armostrong leaves the house and when the rest of the survivors search for him they cannot find him vera inspector blore and philip lombard go outside blore decides to go back to the house to get some sustinance and a dull thud is heard when vera and philip check to see what happened they find blore crushed to death by a heavy marble clock they assume doctor armstrong did it and decide to stay out of the house the two survivors get back to the beach only to find armstrong s body washed up on the shore vera and lombard they realise that they are the only two left even though they could not possibly have mudered the inspector the never ending suspicion has driven them to a breaking point and they assume each other as the murderers philip lombard reaches for he revolver only to discover that vera claythorne pickpoketed it she shoots him and then returns to the house thinking she is finall |
y safe when vera gets to her room she discovers a noose hanging there and having been finally driven crazy by the entire experience she hangs herself thus fullfilling the rhyme upon which the murders were based so by the novel s end all ten guests are dead leaving a locked room mystery a police investigation though thorough cannot find any satisfactory explanation it is resolved when a letter in a bottle tossed into the ocean and recovered by a trawler is delivered to the police which was written by the murderer film and theater christie had been disappointed in previous adaptations of her novels as she had written a play before she decided to adapt her own book herself she decided that the staging of a play required the survival of two characters in order to carry the plot exposition consequently the resolution of the play is very different from that of the book though the identity of the killer remains the same this stage version dates from one nine four three all but one of the films followed the play s hu |
mourous tone and also filmed as ten little indians in one nine five nine as truncated television recording of the play one nine six five one nine seven four one nine eight nine and as ten little niggers in one nine eight seven the one nine four five desyat negrityat translates directly to the novel s original title ten little niggers since the novel s title was never altered in most of the world outside of united states and united kingdom the russian version is the only adaptation that didn t change any of the characters or the ending of the book it is most famous in russia for having a legendary ensemble cast of the most famous and talented actors in russia arguably the russian production is even more star studded than any of the hollywood versions these film versions usually feature all star casts and are set in different locations such as the austrian alps the iranian desert and the african jungle the only ones to keep the island as the location were the one nine four five and the one nine eight seven vers |
ions the basic concept of the plot has been recycled countless times often without crediting christie who herself recycled numerous story concepts the most recent example is probably the two zero zero four crime thriller mindhunters which includes many elements of christie s original story including an island and various plot twists in two zero zero five a new version of and then there were none was performed in london s west end written by kevin elyot and directed by steven pimlott it is based on the novel rather than on christie s drama list of movie adaptations and then there were none one nine four five film directed by ren clair imdb listing ten little indians one nine five nine film live television presentation directed by paul bogart philip f falcone leo farrenkopf and dan zampino imdb listing ten little indians one nine six five film directed by george pollock imdb listing and then there were none one nine seven four film directed by peter collinson imdb listing desyat negrityat one nine eight seven d |
irected by stanislav govorukhin imdb listing ten little indians one nine eight nine film directed by alan birkinshaw imdb listing the rhyme the book s original title ten little niggers was taken from the chorus of an american comic song written by septimus winner in one eight six eight there are many variants of the lyrics of which ten little injuns is probably the most familiar to modern audiences the song is now considered by many to be racist and offensive the rhyme used in the novel is as follows ten little indian boys going out to dine one choked his little self and then there were nine nine little indian boys sat up very late one overslept himself and then there were eight eight little indian boys traveling in devon one said he d stay and then there were seven seven little indian boys chopping up sticks one chopped himself into halves and then there were six six little indian boys playing with a hive a bumblebee stung one and then there were five five little indian boys going in for law one got in chanc |
ery and then there were four four little indian boys going out to sea a red herring swallowed one and then there were three three little indian boys walking in the zoo a big bear hugged one and then there were two two little indian boys sitting in the sun one got frizzled up and then there was one one little indian boy left all alone he went and hanged himself and then there were none ten little indians and and then there was one in popular culture the memes ten little indians and and then there was one have been used many times in modern days to refer to situations in stories oftentimes slasher films other horror films and disaster films in which the characters die off one by one this is how many films of those genres are structured in order to provide gory scenes periodically and to ultimately force the main character to face off against the villain alone this main character in slasher films is often the final girl trivia and then there were none was adapted from agatha christie s book into a video game in |
two zero zero five by the adventure company it was released in november of that year to mixed reviews most of the slack going to changing the indians to sailors in a case of political correctness gone awry and altering the killer s motive ten little indians is a song by the yardbirds along the same lines with the rhyme although more dismal in the song the death of each indian is related to breaking one of the ten commandments a japanese doujin game embodiment of scarlet devil features an extra stage of a girl having the spell card named and then will there be none and a theme music named is she the u n owen u n owen is the killer s alias used in the novel play and films zehn kleine j germeister ten little j germeister is a song by the german band die toten hosen along the same lines as the rhyme but with funny or satirical things happening to the characters taking drugs being arrested for tax evasion dying of mad cow disease etc polish two zero zero three film show starring cezary pazura tells the story of a |
reality show located on a remote island suddenly the competitors start to die one after another one of the competitors even mention agatha christies novel one nine three nine books agatha christie novels david suchet as poirot hercule poirot pronounced is a fictional character the primary detective of agatha christie s novels he appears in over three zero novels and over five zero short stories and is probably one of the most famous characters ever made the character was born in spa belgium and has worked as a belgian police officer notably in brussels but moved to england during world war i and started a second career as a private detective poirot is remarkable for his small stature and egg shaped head his cat like green eyes his meticulous moustache his dandified dressing habits his absolute obsession with order and neatness and his disdain for detective methods that include crawling on hands and knees and looking for clues he prefers to examine the psychology of a crime to discover more evidence once even |
betting his best friend and sometime partner arthur hastings that he could solve a case simply by sitting in an easy chair and using his little grey cells like a large number of detectives of the early days of mystery fiction including miss marple sherlock holmes and father brown poirot is unmarried the love of his life countess vera rossakoff appears in the short stories the double clue and the capture of cerberus and the novel the big four his fictional address from his business card is five six b whitehaven mansions sandhurst square london w one the building used in the series can be found on charterhouse square city of london major novels the poirot books take readers through the whole of his life in england from the first book the mysterious affair at styles where he is a refugee staying at styles to the last poirot book curtain where he visits styles once again before his death in between poirot solves cases outside england as well including his most famous case murder on the orient express one nine thr |
ee four hercule poirot became famous with the publication in one nine two six of the murder of roger ackroyd whose surprising solution proved controversial the novel is still among the most famous of all detective novels edmund wilson alludes to it in the title of his well known attack on detective fiction who cares who killed roger ackroyd aside from roger ackroyd the most critically acclaimed poirot novels appeared from one nine three two to one nine four two including such acknowledged classics as murder on the orient express the abc murders one nine three five cards on the table one nine three six and death on the nile one nine three seven the last of these a tale of multiple homicide upon a nile steamer was judged by the celebrated detective novelist john dickson carr to be among the ten greatest mystery novels of all time the one nine four two novel five little pigs aka murder in retrospect in which poirot investigates a murder committed sixteen years before by analyzing various accounts of the tragedy |
is a rashomon like performance that critic and mystery novelist robert barnard called the best of the christie novels recurring characters while the majority of the supporting cast in the poirot stories is always different some characters do show up more often arthur hastings whom poirot met almost immediately after arriving in england becomes his life long partner and appears in many of the novels and stories other frequently recurring characters include the detective novelist ariadne oliver agatha christie s humorous self caricature and poirot s secretary miss lemon chief inspector japp of scotland yard appears in many of the stories as well the mysterious russian countess vera rossakoff poirot s only known love interest appears in three stories books featuring hercule poirot short story collections listed as ss the mysterious affair at styles one nine two zero murder on the links one nine two three poirot investigates one nine two four ss the murder of roger ackroyd one nine two six the big four one nine t |
wo seven the mystery of the blue train one nine two eight peril at end house one nine three two lord edgware dies one nine three three murder on the orient express one nine three four three act tragedy one nine three five death in the clouds one nine three five the a b c murders one nine three six cards on the table one nine three six murder in mesopotamia one nine three six death on the nile one nine three seven dumb witness one nine three seven murder in the mews one nine three seven ss appointment with death one nine three eight hercule poirot s christmas one nine three nine one two buckle my shoe one nine four zero sad cypress one nine four zero evil under the sun one nine four one five little pigs one nine four two the hollow one nine four six the labours of hercules one nine four seven taken at the flood one nine four eight also published as there is a tide mrs mcginty s dead one nine five two after the funeral one nine five three also published as funerals are fatal hickory dickory dock one nine five f |
ive dead man s folly one nine five six cat among the pigeons one nine five nine the clocks one nine six three third girl one nine six six hallowe en party one nine six nine elephants can remember one nine seven two poirot s early cases one nine seven four ss curtain written about one nine four zero published one nine seven five hercule poirot on screen and stage peter ustinov as poirot hercule poirot has been played by several actors the character first appeared onscreen in one nine three one played by austin trevor perhaps the most notable portrayals have been by albert finney in the cinematic version of murder on the orient express and david suchet in a long series of television productions the role has also been played more than once by peter ustinov and by tony randall ian holm and alfred molina in two zero zero four nhk a japanese tv network produced a three nine episode anime series titled agatha christie s famous detectives poirot and marple agatha christie no meitantei poirot to marple as well as a ma |
nga series by the same title released starting in two zero zero five the series ran from july four two zero zero four through may one five two zero zero five and is now being shown as reruns on nhk and other networks in japan poirot was voiced by k tar satomi satomi k tar and miss marple was voiced by kaoru yachigusa yachigusa kaoru agatha christie fictional detectives fictional belgians joan hickson as miss marple jane marple usually known as miss marple is a fictional character appearing in many agatha christie novels she lives in the little village of st mary mead she looks like an ordinary spinster in tweed and with a curiosity as wide as the world but when it comes to solving mysteries she turns out to have a sharp logical mind in the best detective story tradition she often embarrasses the local professional police usually by making an analogy with some village occurrence or character personality when we first meet jane marple she is very much the stereotypical spinster of the last century blue eyed and |
frail wearing a black lace cap and mittens and constantly knitting she is also a gleeful gossip and not especially nice the first marple novel the murder at the vicarage sees a markedly different marple to the one who would appear in later books as she modernized and became nicer over the years miss marple s nephew the well known author raymond west and his wife joan who first appeared as joyce a modern artist were introduced in one nine three three in the thirteen problems raymond in particular is overconfident of himself and dismissive of miss marple s mental powers though she continually upstages him in the end a murder is announced one nine five zero agatha christie s fiftieth novel is regarded by some as the best miss marple novel and one of the best of christie s whodunits miss marple is able to solve difficult crimes not only because of her shrewd intelligence but because st mary mead over her lifetime has put on a pageant of human depravity rivaled only by that of sodom and gomorrah no crime can aris |
e without reminding miss marple of some parallel incident in the history of her time as with her other famous detective hercule poirot christie wrote a concluding novel to her marple series sleeping murder in one nine four zero and saved it for her old age causing some embarrassing discrepancies as people who were written off as dead such as dolly bantry s husband colonel arthur bantry by the time her mystery nemesis was published which was the preceding marple mystery but actually the last one written appear alive in sleeping murder having been resurrected from the fictional dead sleeping murder was published in one nine seven six shortly after christie s death and was the last of her novels to be published although again it was written in one nine four zero books featuring miss marple the murder at the vicarage one nine three zero the body in the library one nine four two the moving finger one nine four three a murder is announced one nine five zero they do it with mirrors or murder with mirrors one nine fi |
ve two a pocket full of rye one nine five three four five zero from paddington or what mrs mcgillicuddy saw one nine five seven the mirror crack d from side to side one nine six two a caribbean mystery one nine six four at bertram s hotel one nine six five nemesis one nine seven one sleeping murder written around one nine four zero published one nine seven six quotation the young people think the old people are fools but the old people know the young people are fools miss marple s motto in several of the books and stories movies margaret rutherford as miss marple although popular from her first appearance in one nine three zero jane marple had to wait thirty two years for her first big screen appearance when she made it the results were disappointing to both christie purists and christie herself murder she said one nine six two directed by george pollock was the first of four british mgm productions starring dame margaret rutherford a magnificent comic actress but too boisterous and loud for the prim and bird |
like character christie created this first film was based on the one nine five seven novel four five zero from paddington u s title what mrs mcgillicuddy saw and the changes made in the plot were typical of the series in the film mrs mcgillicuddy doesn t see anything because there is no mrs mcgillicuddy miss marple herself sees apparent murder committed on a train passing hers likewise it is miss marple herself who poses as a maid to find out the facts of the case not a young friend of hers who has made a business of it the other rutherford films all directed by george pollock were murder at the gallop one nine six three based on the one nine five three hercule poirot novel after the funeral murder most foul one nine six four based on the one nine five two poirot novel mrs mcginty s dead and murder ahoy one nine six four not based on any christie work in one nine eight zero angela lansbury played miss marple in the mirror crack d emi directed by guy hamilton based on christie s one nine six two novel however |
lansbury is only on screen for a short time the bulk of the film being taken up with the machinations of an all star cast that included elizabeth taylor rock hudson geraldine chaplin tony curtis and kim novak edward fox appeared as inspector craddock who did miss marple s legwork american stage and screen legend helen hayes portrayed miss marple in two american made for tv movies both for cbs a caribbean mystery one nine eight three and murder with mirrors one nine eight four sue grafton contributed to the screenplay of the former hayes s marple was benign and chirpy television and radio american tv was the setting for the first dramatic portrayal of miss marple gracie fields a legendary british actress played the geriatric sleuth in a one nine five six episode of goodyear tv playhouse based on a murder is announced the one nine five zero christie novel there was a long running and popular bbc tv series in the one nine eight zero s with joan hickson an octogenarian herself who had appeared in a small role in |
the rutherford film murder she said the consensus among christie devotees was that hers was the definitive performance all twelve miss marple novels were dramatized the body in the library the moving finger a murder is announced a pocket full of rye murder at the vicarage sleeping murder at bertram s hotel nemesis four five zero from paddington a caribbean mystery they do it with mirrors and the mirror crack d from side to side all these serializations were shown in the united states on the pbs mystery series it was also televised in germany the television show followed the plots of the books considerably more closely than did the rutherford films bbc radio four also dramatised several of the books with june whitfield as miss marple angela lansbury after playing miss marple in the mirror crack d went on to star in the tv series murder she wrote as jessica fletcher a novelist who solves crimes the character was to some degree based on miss marple and another christie character ariadne oliver geraldine mcewan a |
s miss marple in two zero zero four granada television in collaboration with agatha christie limited produced four adaptations namely the body in the library murder in the vicarage four five zero from paddington and a murder is announced starring geraldine mcewan in the title role and also featuring joanna lumley ian richardson zoe wanamaker miriam margolyes janet mcteer derek jacobi claire skinner and stephen tompkinson in supporting roles in two zero zero five and two zero zero six four more mysteries are being made but two of them aren t even miss marple books they are sleeping murder the moving finger by the pricking of my thumbs novel and the sittaford mystery in two zero zero four nhk a japanese tv network produced a three nine episode anime series titled agatha christie s famous detectives poirot and marple agasa kurisutii no meitantei powaro to maapuru as well as a manga series by the same title released starting in two zero zero five the series ran from july four two zero zero four through may one fi |
ve two zero zero five and is now being shown as reruns on nhk and other networks in japan poirot was voiced by k tar satomi satomi k tar and miss marple was voiced by kaoru yachigusa yachigusa kaoru external links british film institute screen online one nine eight zero s tv adaptations fictional detectives crime television series bbc television programmes television programs based on novels series of books english cultural icons agatha christie april is the fourth month of the year in the gregorian calendar and one of four with the length of three zero days april begins astrologically with the sun in the sign of aries and ends in the sign of taurus astronomically speaking the sun begins in the constellation of pisces and ends in the constellation of aries the derivation of the name latin aprillis is uncertain the traditional etymology from the latin aperire to open in allusion to its being the season when trees and flowers begin to open is supported by comparison with the modern greek use of opening for spri |
ng since all the roman months were named in honour of divinities and as april was sacred to venus the festum veneris et fortunae virilis being held on the first day it has been suggested that aprilis was originally her month aphrilis from her greek name aphrodite or from the etruscan name apru jacob grimm suggests the name of a hypothetical god or hero aper or aprus the anglo saxons called april oster monath or eostur monath the period sacred to eostre or ostara the pagan saxon goddess of spring from whose name is derived the modern easter st george s day is the twenty third of the month and st mark s eve with its superstition that the ghosts of those who are doomed to die within the year will be seen to pass into the church falls on the twenty fourth in china the symbolical ploughing of the earth by the emperor and princes of the blood takes place in their third month which frequently corresponds to our april and in japan the feast of dolls is celebrated in the same month the days of april journ es d avril i |
s a name appropriated in french history to a series of insurrections at lyons paris and elsewhere against the government of louis philippe in one eight three four which led to violent repressive measures and to a famous trial known as the proc s d avrill april was originally the second month of the roman calendar and had two nine days julius caesar s calendar reform in four five bce resulted in april having three zero days and becoming the fourth month as the year now began in january the tragic month of april wars that started ended in april include american revolution started paul revere s ride april one eight one nine one seven seven five american civil war started april one eight six one ended april one eight six five thus across five aprils the bosnian war began in the first days april one nine nine two the rwandan genocide began in april one nine nine four other tragedies that have occurred in the month of april include president abraham lincoln s assassination april one four one eight six five one nine |
zero six san francisco earthquake april one eight one nine zero six the sinking of the rms titanic april one four one five one nine one two the armenian genocide april two four one nine one five martin luther king jr assassinated april four one nine six eight super tornado outbreak april three four one nine seven four chernobyl nuclear accident april two six one nine eight six the bloody end to the branch dividan siege in waco texas april one nine one nine nine three the oklahoma city bombing april one nine one nine nine five in lebanon one zero two lebanese civilians are killed when the israel defense forces shell the un compound at qana see qana massacre april one eight one nine nine six columbine high school shooting april two zero one nine nine nine trivia april begins on the same day of week as july in all years and also january in leap years april s flower is the daisy and sweet pea april s birthstone is the diamond april in the northern hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent to october in the southern |
hemisphere and vise versa events in aprils monthlong events in april chocolate eaters month poetry month cancer control month marcus h birthday national holiday in australia child abuse prevention month international guitar month mathematics education month national humor month national welding month national smile month national pecan month vd awareness month stress awareness month alcohol awareness month autism awareness month keep america beautiful month weeklong events in april one st week in april medic alert week cherry blossom festival publicity stunt week national birthparents week week of the young child straw hat week national bake week begins one st mon consider christianity week national reading a road map week two nd week in april be kind to animals week masters golf tournament national medical laboratory week private property week one zero th one six th national library week harmony week national garden week tv turn off week national guitar week national building safety week national home safety |
week three rd week in april national police week boys and girls club week national coin week bike safety week national bubblegum week pan american week national week of the ocean national crime victims rights week national volunteer week national adult films week last week in april forest week national lingerie week canada us goodwill week big brothers sisters appreciation week consumer protection week national tv free week jewish heritage week keep america beautiful week national ymca week professional secretaries week intergenerational week reading is fun week egg salad week teacher appreciation week begins last mon a week in april astronomy week determined by one st quarter moon april movable daily holidays one st sunday set your clock forward day daylight saving time begins in the united states turn your clock ahead at two zero zero a m budoha day hawaii vesak buddha s birthday one st saturday saturday market day oregon one st saturday before five th tax saturday uk one st thursday glarus festival switze |
rland one st friday student government day massachusetts friday after one st arbor day apache navajo coconino mohave yavapai arizona two nd friday audubon day three rd sunday switzerland three rd monday patriot s day maine massachusetts boston marathon thursday between one nine th greece three rd monday patriots day maine massachusetts four th monday fast day new hampshire four th thursday take our daughters and sons to work day four th weekend just pray no weekend last monday confederate memorial day alabama mississippi last friday arbor day bird day wednesday of last full week administrative professionals day last saturday national sense of smell day usa april indeterminate holidays full moon day of six th buddhist month apr may vesak sun enters aries solar new year southeast asia aka thingyan burma aka songkran thailand one zero th through one five th day of two nd lunar month paro tsechu bhutan during planting season apr may tyi wara mali early april to late july every four years summer olympics begin lat |
e april or may alp aufzug switzerland before one st rainfall apr may bobo masquerade burkina faso sometime in april world championship cow chip throwing contest palm sunday christian palm sunday armenian christian good friday christian easter christian pesach passover jewish other special days april fools day april one see also list of historical anniversaries april fools day references chambers s book of days grimm s geschichte der deutschen sprache cap monate months august is the eighth month of the year in the gregorian calendar and one of seven gregorian months with the length of three one days august begins astrologically with the sun in the sign of leo and ends in the sign of virgo astronomically speaking the sun begins in the constellation of cancer and ends in the constellation of leo august was named in honor of augustus the month reputedly has three one days because augustus wanted as many days as julius caesar s july augustus placed the month where it is because that is when cleopatra died before a |
ugustus renamed august it was called sextilis in latin since it was the sixth month in the roman calendar which started in march in the pagan wheel of the year august begins at or near lughnasadh in the northern hemisphere and imbolc in the southern hemisphere in ireland in the irish language august is known as l nasa a modern rendition of lughnasadh named after the god lugh and august one l l nasa in the irish calendar is still regarded as the first day of autumn the first monday in august is one of the public holidays in the republic of ireland in the old japanese calendar the month is called hatsuki in finnish the month is called elokuu meaning month of reaping in the uk august is generally when all academic exam results are published especially for gcses and a levels as well as other exams also scholars and school workers such as teachers have a holiday or non contact time and there are two bank holidays uk it is typically when people go on holiday due to the availability of time during august one three t |
o one nine philippines schools and theaters celebrate the national week of the filipino language in spain august is the holiday month for most workers in brazil folk superstition associates bad luck to august with the proverb agosto o m s do desgosto august the month of misfortune being often heard this may come from the sinister memories of the st bartholomew s day august two four which is particularly dreaded in the northeast of the country august two four is also in the tradition of candombl the day of eshu one of the most malevolent deities coincidentally some unfortunate polical events took place in august like the suicide of the then president get lio vargas every last sunday of august the philippines celebrates national heroes day in commemoration of the first cry of the philippine revolution on august two three one eight nine six august is also the name of a japanese visual novel company events months in august national back to school month national investors month admit you re happy month women s sma |
ll business month trivia august from the tr s riches heures du duc de berry august begins on the same day of the week as february in a leap year august s flower is the poppy august s birthstone is the peridot august contains no united states holiday august in the northern hemisphere is the seasonal equivalent to february in the southern hemisphere and vise versa months for other uses of the word aaron see aaron disambiguation aaron a word meaning bearer of martyrs in hebrew perhaps also or instead related to the egyptian aha rw warrior lion standard hebrew aharon tiberian hebrew ah r n was one of two brothers who play a unique part in the history of the hebrew people he was the elder son of amram and jochebed of the tribe of levi moses the other son being three years younger and miriam their sister several years older exodus two four exodus six one six ff numbers three three three nine aaron was the great grandson of levi exodus six one six two zero and represented the priestly functions of his tribe while mo |
ses was receiving his education at the egyptian court and during his exile among the midianites aaron and his sister remained with their kinsmen in the eastern border land of egypt here he gained a name for eloquent and persuasive speech so that when the time came for the demand upon pharaoh to release israel from captivity aaron became his brother s nabi or spokesman to his own people exodus four one six and after their unwillingness to hear to pharaoh himself exodus seven nine his function aaron s function included the duties of speaker and implied personal dealings with the court on behalf of moses who was always the central moving figure the part played by aaron in the events that preceded the exodus was therefore ministerial and not directive he along with moses performed signs before his people which impressed them with a belief in the reality of the divine mission of the brothers exodus four one five one six at the command of moses he stretched out his rod in order to bring on the first three plagues e |
xodus seven one nine eight one one two in the infliction of the remaining plagues he appears to have acted merely as the attendant of moses whose outstretched rod drew the divine wrath upon pharaoh and his subjects exodus nine two three one zero one three two two the potency of aaron s rod had already been demonstrated by its victory over the rods of the egyptian magicians which it swallowed after all the rods alike had been turned into serpents exodus seven nine et seq during the journey in the wilderness aaron is not always prominent or active and he sometimes appears guilty of rebellious or treasonable conduct at the battle with amalek he is chosen with hur to support the hand of moses that held the rod of god exodus one seven nine et seq when the revelation was given to moses at sinai he headed the elders of israel who accompanied moses on the way to the summit joshua however was admitted with his leader to the very presence of the lord while aaron and hur remained below to look after the people exodus tw |
o four nine one four it was during the prolonged absence of moses that aaron yielded to the clamors of the people and made a golden calf as a visible image of the divinity who had delivered them from egypt exodus three two one six at the intercession of moses aaron was saved from the plague which smote the people deuteronomy nine two zero exodus three two three five although it was to aaron s tribe of levi that the work of punitive vengeance was committed exodus three two two six et seq becomes priest of israel at the time when the tribe of levi was set apart for the priestly service aaron was anointed and consecrated to the priesthood arrayed in the robes of his office and instructed in its manifold duties exodus two eight and two nine on the very day of his consecration his sons nadav and avihu were consumed by fire from the lord for having offered incense in an unlawful manner leviticus one zero rebellion of korah from the time of the sojourn at sinai where he became the anointed priest of israel aaron cea |
sed to be the minister of moses his place being taken by joshua he is mentioned in association with miriam in a jealous complaint against the exclusive claims of moses as the lord s prophet the presumption of the murmurers was rebuked and miriam was smitten with tzara as aaron entreated moses to intercede for her at the same time confessing the sin and folly that prompted the uprising aaron himself was not struck with the plague on account of sacerdotal immunity and miriam after seven days quarantine was healed and restored to favor numbers one two it is noteworthy that the prophet micah six four mentions moses aaron and miriam as the leaders of israel after the exodus a judgment wholly in accord with the tenor of the narratives in the present instance it is made clear by the express words of the oracle numbers one two six eight that moses was unique among men as the one with whom the lord spoke face to face the failure to recognize or concede this prerogative of their brother was the sin of miriam and aaron |
the validity of the exclusive priesthood of the family of aaron was attested after the ill fated rebellion of korah who was a first cousin of aaron when the earth had opened and swallowed up the leaders of the insurgents numbers one six two five three five eleazar the son of aaron was commissioned to take charge of the censers of the dead priests and when the plague had broken out among the people who had sympathized with the rebels aaron at the command of moses took his censer and stood between the living and the dead till the plague was stayed numbers one seven one one five one six three six five zero authorized version another memorable transaction followed each of the tribal princes of israel took a rod and wrote his name upon it and the twelve rods were laid up over night in the tent of meeting on the morrow aaron s rod was found to have budded and blossomed and borne ripe almonds numbers one seven eight see aaron s rod the miracle proved merely the prerogative of the tribe of levi but now a formal disti |
nction was made in perpetuity between the family of aaron and the other levites while all the levites and only levites were to be devoted to sacred services the special charge of the sanctuary and the altar was committed to the aaronites alone numbers one eight one seven the scene of this enactment is unknown nor is the time mentioned death aaron like moses was not permitted to enter canaan with the successful invaders the reason alleged is that the two brothers showed impatience at meribah kadesh in the last year of the desert pilgrimage numbers two zero one two one three when they or rather moses brought water out of a rock to quench the thirst of the people the action was construed as displaying a want of deference to the lord since they had been commanded to speak to the rock whereas moses struck it with the wonder working rod numbers two zero seven one one of the death of aaron we have two accounts the principal one gives a detailed statement to the effect that soon after the above incident aaron with hi |
s son eleazar and moses ascended mount hor there moses stripped him aaron of his priestly garments and transferred them to eleazar aaron died on the summit of the mountain and the people mourned for him thirty days numbers two zero two two two nine compare three three three eight three nine the other account is found in deuteronomy one zero six where moses is reported as saying that aaron died at mosera and was buried there some scholars think that mosera is not on mount hor since the itinerary in numbers three three three one three seven records seven stages between moseroth mosera and mount hor typical signification in apocryphal and rabbinical literature the older prophets and prophetical writers beheld in their priests the representatives of a religious form inferior to the prophetic truth men without the spirit of god and lacking the will power requisite to resist the multitude in its idolatrous proclivities thus aaron the typical priest ranks far below moses he is but his mouthpiece and the executor of |
the will of god revealed through moses although it is pointed out sifra wa yi ra one that it is said fifteen times in the pentateuch that the lord spoke to moses and aaron under the influence of the priesthood which shaped the destinies of the nation under persian rule a different ideal of the priest was formed as is learned from malachi two four seven and the prevailing tendency was to place aaron on a footing equal with moses at times aaron and at other times moses is mentioned first in scripture this is to show that they were of equal rank says mekilta one and ecclesiasticus sirach four four six two four expressly infers this when introducing in his record of renowned men the glowing description of aaron s ministration moses and aaron compared according to tan uma ed buber two one two aaron s activity as a prophet began earlier than that of moses the writer of the testaments of the patriarchs however hesitates to rank moses the faithful him that speaks with god as with a father as equal with aaron testamen |
t of levi eight one seven the rabbis are still more emphatic in their praise of aaron s virtues thus hillel who in herod s time saw before him mainly a degenerate class of priests selfish and quarrelsome held aaron of old up as a mirror saying be of the disciples of aaron loving peace and pursuing peace love your fellow creatures and draw them nigh unto the law abot one one two this is further illustrated by the tradition preserved in abot de rabbi natan one two sanhedrin six b and elsewhere according to which aaron was an ideal priest of the people far more beloved for his kindly ways than was moses while moses was stern and uncompromising brooking no wrong aaron went about as peacemaker reconciling man and wife when he saw them estranged or a man with his neighbor when they quarreled and winning evil doers back into the right way by his friendly intercourse the mourning of the people at aaron s death was greater therefore than at that of moses for whereas when aaron died the whole house of israel wept inclu |
ding the women numbers two zero two nine moses was bewailed by the sons of israel only deuteronomy three four eight even in the making of the golden calf the rabbis find extenuating circumstances for aaron sanhedrin seven a his fortitude and silent submission to the will of god on the loss of his two sons are referred to as an excellent example to men how to glorify god in the midst of great affliction zeba im one one five b josephus antiquities of the jews three eight seven especially significant are the words represented as being spoken by god after the princes of the twelve tribes had brought their dedication offerings into the newly reared tabernacle say to thy brother aaron greater than the gifts of the princes is thy gift for thou art called upon to kindle the light and while the sacrifices shall last only as long as the temple lasts thy light of the law shall last forever tan uma ed buber six death of aaron in fulfillment of the promise of peaceful life symbolized by the pouring of oil upon his head le |
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