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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ป˜์„œ ๊ฐ•์—ฐ ์ „์ฒด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ‹€์–ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์ƒ๊นŠ๊ฒŒ ๊ฐ€์ ธ๊ฐ€์‹ค ๋‚ด์šฉ์ด์ฃ .
This will be your one takeaway from this whole conference.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ์•ž์œผ๋กœ ํ•œ 30๋…„์€ ๊ธฐ์–ตํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You're going to remember that fact for, like, 30 years.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋ฅผ ์ง€๋„ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ถ€๋ถ„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋Œ๊ณ  ์˜ค๋ฉด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹œ๋ ฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํŒ์„ ๋งŒ๋“  ๊ฒƒ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
When you bring this down to a cartographic level, you can make maps and do the same trick I was doing with the eye charts.
IWSLT2017
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ „๊ตญ์˜ ๋„์‹œ ์ด๋ฆ„์„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋„์‹œ๋ณด๋‹ค ๊ทธ๊ณณ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ์“ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋กœ ๋Œ€์ฒด ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You can replace the name of every city in the United States with the word people use more in that city than anywhere else.
IWSLT2017
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์‹œ์—ํ‹€ ์ถœ์‹ ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๊ณผ ๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ํ•˜์‹  ์  ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ์™„์ „ ์ดํ•ดํ•˜์‹ค ๊ฑฐ์˜ˆ์š”.
If you've ever dated anyone from Seattle, this makes perfect sense.
IWSLT2017
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์‹œ์• ํ‹€์€ "์˜ˆ์˜๊ณ ", "์‹ฌ์ฟต"ํ•˜๊ณ 
You've got "pretty." You've got "heartbreak."
IWSLT2017
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"๊ณต์—ฐ"๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ , "๋‹ด๋ฐฐ"๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You've got "gig." You've got "cigarette."
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋ฐด๋“œ ๊ณต์—ฐ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
They play in a band and they smoke.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์กฐ๊ธˆ ์œ„์— ๋ณด๋ฉด "์ด๋ฉ”์ผ"์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And right above that you can see "email."
IWSLT2017
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์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด์ฃผ์˜ ๋ฆฌ์น˜๋ชฌ๋“œ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ ์†Œํ”„ํŠธ์˜ ๋ณธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด์ฃ .
That's Redmond, Washington, which is the headquarters of the Microsoft Corporation.
IWSLT2017
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์˜ˆ์ƒํ•˜์‹ ๋Œ€๋กœ LA๋Š” "์—ฐ๊ธฐ" ์ƒŒํ”„๋ž€์‹œ์Šค์ฝ”๋Š” "๊ฒŒ์ด"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Some of these you can guess -- so, Los Angeles is "acting" and San Francisco is "gay."
IWSLT2017
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๋ช‡๋ช‡์€ ์ข€ ๋” ๊ฐ€์Šด์ด ์•„ํ”•๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Some are a little bit more heartbreaking.
IWSLT2017
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๋ฐฐํ„ด ๋ฃจ์ง€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ํ†ตํ†ตํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์Šค ํ•˜๋ฅ˜ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์—์„œ๋Š” ์•„์ง๋„ ํ™์ˆ˜์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In Baton Rouge, they talk about being curvy; downstream in New Orleans, they still talk about the flood.
IWSLT2017
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์ˆ˜๋„ ์›Œ์‹ฑํ„ด๋ถ„๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ์žฌ๋ฏธ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Folks in the American capital will say they're interesting.
IWSLT2017
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๋ฉ”๋ฆด๋žœ๋“œ ๋ณผํ‹ฐ๋ชจ์–ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์ด ๋‘๋ ต๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
People in Baltimore, Maryland, will say they're afraid.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋‰ด์ €์ง€ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is New Jersey.
IWSLT2017
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์ €๋Š” "์งœ์ฆ๋‚˜"์™€ "๋ƒ‰์†Œ์ " ๊ฐ€์šด๋ฐ ์–ด๋””์ฏค์—์„œ ์ž๋ž์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I grew up somewhere between "annoying" and "cynical."
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‰ด์š•์‹œ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ์“ฐ๋Š” ๋ง์€ "์ง€๊ธˆ"์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ง€๊ธˆ์€ ์›จ์ดํ„ฐ๋กœ ์ผํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋ฐฐ์šฐ์•ผ"๊ฐ™์ด ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
And New York City's number one word is "now," as in, "Now I'm working as a waiter, but actually I'm an actor."
IWSLT2017
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์•„๋‹ˆ๋ฉด "์ง€๊ธˆ์€ NYU์˜ ๊ณต๋Œ€ ๊ต์ˆ˜์ง€๋งŒ ์‚ฌ์‹ค ๋‚˜๋Š” ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ์•ผ".
Or, "Now I'm a professor of engineering at NYU, but actually I'm an artist."
IWSLT2017
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์œ„์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ์˜ฌ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด "๊ณต๋ฃก"์ด ๋ณด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
If you go upstate, you see "dinosaur."
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ณณ์€ ์‹œ๋ผํ์Šค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
That's Syracuse.
IWSLT2017
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๋‰ด์š•์ฃผ์˜ ์‹œ๋ผํ์Šค์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ ๋ช…ํ•œ ๋ง›์ง‘์€ ํ—ฌ์Šค์—”์ ค์˜ ๋ฐ”๋ฒ ํ ์ฒด์ธ์ธ ๊ณต๋ฃก ๋ฐ”๋ฒ ํ๋ผ๋Š” ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The best place to eat in Syracuse, New York, is a Hell's Angels barbecue joint called Dinosaur Barbecue.
IWSLT2017
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๋ฐ์ดํŠธ ํ•  ๋•Œ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๊ณณ์— ๊ฐ€์…”์•ผ์ฃ .
That's where you would take somebody on a date.
IWSLT2017
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์ €๋Š” ๋งจํ•˜ํŠผ ์ค‘๊ฐ„์ง€๋Œ€์˜ "๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด์ ์ธ"๊ณผ "ํ•œ์—ฌ๋ฆ„"์‚ฌ์ด์— ์‚ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I live somewhere between "unconditional" and "midsummer," in Midtown Manhattan.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๊ณ ๊ธ‰ํ™”๋œ ๋ธŒ๋ฃจํด๋ฆฐ ๋ถ๋ถ€์ง€๋„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ณด์‹œ๋ฉด "DJ'์™€ "ํ’๋งŒํ•œ", "ํž™์Šคํ„ฐ" ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  "๋„ํšŒ์ ์ธ"์„ ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And this is gentrified North Brooklyn, so you've got "DJ" and "glamorous" and "hipsters" and "urbane."
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ์ ์ธ ์ดˆ์ƒํ™” ์ผ์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So that's maybe a more democratic portrait.
IWSLT2017
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์ œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๋ฏผ์ฃผ๋‹น ๊ณตํ™”๋‹น ์ง€๋„๋ฅผ ๊ธˆ์š”์ผ ๋ฐค์— ๋ญ˜ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์€์ง€์— ๊ธฐ์ดˆํ•ด์„œ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š”๊ฑด ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒ ๋ƒ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And the idea was, what if we made red-state and blue-state maps based on what we want to do on a Friday night?
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์žํ™”์ƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is a self-portrait.
IWSLT2017
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์ œ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์— ๊ทผ๊ฑฐํ–ˆ๊ณ  ์ง€๋‚œ 20๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋ณด๋‚ธ 50๋งŒํ†ต์˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is based on my email, about 500,000 emails sent over 20 years.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ์ˆ˜์น˜ํ™”๋œ ์…€์นด๋ผ๊ณ  ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜์…”๋„ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You can think of this as a quantified selfie.
IWSLT2017
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ ๊ณต์‹์„ ์ œ ๊ฐœ์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€์— ์ ์šฉํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So what I'm doing is running a physics equation based on my personal data.
IWSLT2017
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ ๋ฐ›์€ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์„ ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์‹œ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ”๋ž๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You have to imagine everybody I've ever corresponded with.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์„œ๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์–ด๋‹น๊น๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”์ง€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ์„ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ๋Š”์ง€์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
And everybody has gravity to one another, gravity based on how much they've been emailing, who they've been emailing with.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ฐ์„ฑ์ ์ธ ๋ถ„์„๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ œ๊ฐ€ "์‚ฌ๋ž‘ํ•ด"๋ผ๊ณ  ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‹น์‹ ์€ ์ œ๊ฒŒ ๋” ๋ฌด๊ฑฐ์šด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And it also does sentimental analysis, so if I say "I love you," you're heavier to me.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ค‘๊ฐ„์— ์ œ ์ด๋ฉ”์ผ ์ฃผ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์ฃผ๋ฅ˜ ํ–‰์„ฑ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋ณด์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์ฃ .
And you attract to my email addresses in the middle, which act like mainline stars.
IWSLT2017
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๋ชจ๋“  ์ด๋ฆ„์€ ์†์œผ๋กœ ์“ด ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And all the names are handwritten.
IWSLT2017
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๋•Œ๋กœ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ, ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ ๋ฐ์ดํƒ€๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ํŠน์ •๋„์‹œ์˜ ํŠน์ • ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋น„์ถ”๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Sometimes you do this data and this work with real-time data to illuminate a specific problem in a specific city.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฐ˜์ž๋™ ๊ถŒ์ด์ธ ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝ 9mm ์›”ํ„ฐPPK์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์Šค ํ”„๋ Œ์น˜์ฟผํ„ฐ์—์„œ 2๋…„์ „ ๋ฐœ๋ Œํƒ€์ด๋ฐ์ด์— ์ฃผ์ฐจ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ๋‹คํˆฌ๋‹ค ๋ฐœ์‚ฌ๋œ ๊ถŒ์ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is a Walther PPK 9mm semiautomatic handgun that was used in a shooting in the French Quarter of New Orleans about two years ago on Valentine's Day in an argument over parking.
IWSLT2017
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์ €๊ฑด ์ œ ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Those are my cigarettes.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ์ง‘์€ ์ด๊ฒฉ์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚œ ๊ณณ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This is the house where the shooting took place.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ๋Š” ์•ฝ๊ฐ„์˜ ์—”์ง€๋‹ˆ์–ด๋ง์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฏธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This project involved a little bit of engineering.
IWSLT2017
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์ €๋Š” ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ ์ฒด์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์บ ์ถ•์„ ๊ธ‰์กฐํ•ด์„œ ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋กœ ์กฐ์ข…ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I've got a bike chain rigged up as a cam shaft, with a computer driving it.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ์™€ ์žฅ์น˜๋Š” ์ƒ์ž์— ๋‹ด์•˜๊ณ 
That computer and the mechanism are buried in a box.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ ์œ„์— ์ฒ ํŒ์„ ๊น”๊ณ  ์ด์„ ์šฉ์ ‘ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The gun's on top welded to a steel plate.
IWSLT2017
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๋ฐฉ์•„์‡ ์— ์„ ์ด ์„ค์น˜๋˜์–ด์žˆ๊ณ  ์ปดํ“จํ„ฐ๋Š” ์˜จ๋ผ์ธ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There's a wire going through to the trigger, and the computer in the box is online.
IWSLT2017
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๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์Šค ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„œ์˜ 911์— ์—ฐ๊ฒฐ๋˜์–ด์„œ ๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์Šค์—์„œ ์ด๊ฒฉ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ด์„ ๋ฐœ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It's listening to the 911 feed of the New Orleans Police Department, so that anytime there's a shooting reported in New Orleans, the gun fires.
IWSLT2017
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์ด ์ด์—” ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‹คํƒ„์€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Now, there's a blank, so there's no bullet.
IWSLT2017
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๋Œ€์‹  ํฐ ๋ถˆ๋น›๊ณผ ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ€์ด์Šค๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There's big light, big noise and most importantly, there's a casing.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ์„ค์น˜๋˜๊ณ  4๊ฐœ์›” ๋™์•ˆ ๋‰ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์–ธ์Šค์—์„œ ํ•˜๋ฃจ ํ‰๊ท  5๊ฑด์˜ ์ด๊ฒฉ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์ด ์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ผ€์ด์Šค ์•ˆ์— ์ด์•Œ์ด ์žˆ๋Š”์ฑ„๋กœ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
There's about five shootings a day in New Orleans, so over the four months this piece was installed, the case filled up with bullets.
IWSLT2017
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์•„์‹คํ…๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ "๋ฐ์ดํƒ€ ์‹œ๊ฐํ™”"๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
You guys know what this is -- you call this "data visualization."
IWSLT2017
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์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅธ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ฒŒ ๋น„์ถ”์ง€๋งŒ
When you do it right, it's illuminating.
IWSLT2017
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๋‚˜์œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ฐ€์Šด์„ ๋จน๋จนํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
When you do it wrong, it's anesthetizing.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ˆซ์ž๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ์–ด ๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
It reduces people to numbers.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์กฐ์‹ฌํ•˜์„ธ์š”.
So watch out.
IWSLT2017
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
One last piece for you.
IWSLT2017
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์ €๋Š” ์ง€๋‚œ ์—ฌ๋ฆ„์„ ํƒ€์ž„์Šคํ€˜์–ด์— ์ƒ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์˜ˆ์ˆ ๊ฐ€๋กœ ๋ณด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I spent the last summer as the artist in residence for Times Square.
IWSLT2017
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๋‰ด์š•์˜ ํƒ€์ž„์Šคํ€˜์–ด๋Š” ๋ง ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ธ์ƒ์˜ ๊ต์ฐจ๋กœ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And Times Square in New York is literally the crossroads of the world.
IWSLT2017
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋ˆˆ์น˜์ฑ„์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ค‘์˜ ํ•˜๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์„ธ์ƒ์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ธ์Šคํƒ€๊ทธ๋žจ์— ๋งŽ์ด ์˜ฌ๋ผ์˜ค๋Š” ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
One of the things people don't notice about it is it's the most Instagrammed place on Earth.
IWSLT2017
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๋งค 5์ดˆ๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋ˆ„๊ตฐ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์…€์นด๋ฅผ ์ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ž„ ์Šคํ€˜์–ด์—์„œ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
About every five seconds, someone commits a selfie in Times Square.
IWSLT2017
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ํ•˜๋ฃจ์— 1๋งŒ7์ฒœ์žฅ์ด๊ณ  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
That's 17,000 a day, and I have them all.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ์ค‘์— ๋ˆˆ์ด ์ค‘์•™์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์ง„๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
These are some of them with their eyes centered.
IWSLT2017
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๋ชจ๋“  ๋ฌธ๋ช…์€ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ์˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ˆ ์ž‘ํ’ˆ์„ ๋งŒ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Every civilization, will use the maximum level of technology available to make art.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์•„ํ‹ฐ์ŠคํŠธ์˜ ์ฑ…์ž„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด๋ž€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ฌธํ™”์— ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ฐ˜์˜๋˜๋Š”๊ฐ€
And it's the responsibility of the artist to ask questions about what that technology means and how it reflects our culture.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ ์ €๋Š” ์ด ๋ง์„ ๋‚จ๊ธฐ๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‹จ์ง€ ์ˆซ์ž์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So I leave you with this: we're more than numbers.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฟˆ๊ณผ ๊ณ„ํš์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
We're people, and we have dreams and ideas.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณ„์ˆ˜์น˜๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ์ผ์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ์ž์ดˆํ•˜๋Š” ์ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And reducing us to statistics is something that's done at our peril.
IWSLT2017
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๋งค์šฐ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Thank you very much.
IWSLT2017
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” "๋ฌด์Šจ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์จ์„œ๋ผ๋„" ๊ธฐํ›„๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ๋ ๊นŒ์š”?
Will we do whatever it takes to tackle climate change?
IWSLT2017
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ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์•„๋‹Œ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์‚ฌ์‹ค, ์ €๋Š” ์žฌํ™œ์šฉ์„ ์ž˜ ๋ชปํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I come at this question not as a green campaigner, in fact, I confess to be rather hopeless at recycling.
IWSLT2017
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์•„๊นŒ์˜ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธˆ์œต์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์ „๋ฌธ๊ฐ์‹œ์ž๋กœ์„œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ‰๊ฐ€ํ• ์ง€ ๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ์„œ ๋‹ตํ•ด๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I come at it as a professional observer of financial policy making and someone that wonders how history will judge us.
IWSLT2017
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์–ธ์  ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์ œ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๊ป˜์„œ ์ง€๋…”๋˜ ๋ฐ˜์ง€๊ฐ€ ์ œ ์•„๋“ค ์ฐฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์ „ํ•ด์งˆ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
One day, this ring that belonged to my grandfather will pass to my son, Charlie.
IWSLT2017
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๊ถ๊ธˆํ•œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋“ค ์„ธ๋Œ€์™€ ๊ทธ ๋‹ค์Œ ์„ธ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ์ด ๋ฐ˜์ง€์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ํ–ˆ๋˜ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์‚ถ์„ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์ƒ๊ฐํ• ๊นŒํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And I wonder what his generation will make of the two lives this ring has worked.
IWSLT2017
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์ œ ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€๋Š” ๊ด‘๋ถ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
My grandfather was a coal miner.
IWSLT2017
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ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์—๋Š” ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด, ๊ฒฝ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ „์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ํƒœ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ์šฉ์ธ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ง€๊ธˆ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ‡์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฑธ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์„ํƒ„์ด ๋‚ด๋Š” ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In his time, burning fossil fuels for energy and for allowing economies to develop We know now that that is not the case because of the greenhouse gases that coal produces.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ชธ๋‹ด์€ ๊ธˆ์œต์‚ฐ์—…์ด ํ˜น๋…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํŒ๋ฐ›์„ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ด…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ›„์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ• ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์‚ฐ์—…๋ณด๋‹ค ๋” ํ˜น๋…ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋น„ํŒ๋ฐ›๊ฒ ์ฃ .
But today, I fear it's the industry in which I work that will be judged more harshly because of its impact on the climate -- more harshly than my grandfather's industry, even.
IWSLT2017
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์ €๋Š” ๋ฌผ๋ก  ๊ธˆ์œต์—…๊ณ„์—์„œ ์ผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2008๋…„ ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋– ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์‹ค ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ๊ตญ ์ •๋ถ€์˜ ์žฌ์ •๊ณผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์„ ์ •๋ง ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์•ฝ์†์—์„œ ๋ฉ€์–ด์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“  ์œ„๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. 2009๋…„ ์ฝ”ํŽœํ•˜๊ฒ ๊ธฐํ›„์ •์ƒํšŒ์˜์—์„œ ์ •ํ•œ ์•ฝ์†๋“ค์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์—ฐ๊ฐ„ ์ฒœ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋™์›ํ•ด์„œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์˜ ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ฒญ์ •์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊พธ๋„๋ก ์ง€์›ํ•˜์ž๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
I work, of course, in the banking industry, which will be remembered for its crisis in 2008 -- a crisis that diverted the attention and finances of governments away from some really, really important promises, like promises made at the Copenhagen Climate Summit in 2009 to mobilize 100 billion dollars a year to help developing countries move away from burning fossil fuels and transition to using cleaner energy.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ ์•ฝ์†์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•ด์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
That promise is already in jeopardy.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ธ ๊นŒ๋‹ญ์€ ์ฒญ์ฒญ์—๋„ˆ์ง€๋กœ์˜ ์ „ํ™˜์€ ๋”๋Š” ๋Šฆ์ถœ ์ˆ˜๊ฐ€ ์—†๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ฒซ์งธ๋กœ ์˜จ์‹ค๊ฐ€์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ผ๋‹จ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ๋˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜ ์‹ญ๋…„๊ฐ„ ๋Œ€๊ธฐ ์ค‘์— ๋จธ๋ญ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And that's a real problem, because that transition to cleaner energy needs to happen Firstly, because greenhouse gases, once released, stay in the atmosphere for decades.
IWSLT2017
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๋‘ ๋ฒˆ์งธ๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ๋„์ƒ๊ตญ์ด ํ™”์„์—ฐ๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์œผ๋กœ ์ „๋ ฅ๋ง์„ ๊ตฌ์ถ•ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‚˜์ค‘์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ ๋น„์šฉ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋งŽ์ด ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And secondly, if a developing economy builds its power grid around fossil fuels today, it's going to be way more costly to change later on.
IWSLT2017
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๊ธฐํ›„ ์ž…์žฅ์—์„œ ๋ณด์ž๋ฉด ๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ข‹์ง€ ์•Š์€ ์‹œ๊ธฐ์— ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์— ๋‚จ์„ ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
So for the climate, history may judge that the banking crisis happened at just the wrong time.
IWSLT2017
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์šฐ์šธํ•ด ํ•  ํ•„์š”๋Š” ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The story need not be this gloomy, though.
IWSLT2017
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3๋…„ ์ „ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๊ธˆ์œต์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์„ ์‚ด๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ „ ์ฃผ์žฅํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „์ง€๊ตฌ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‹ค๋ฃฐ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
Three years ago, I argued that governments could use the tools to meet other global challenges.
IWSLT2017
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ฃผ์žฅ์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก ์ ์ฐจ ํž˜์„ ์–ป์–ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And these arguments are getting stronger, not weaker, with time.
IWSLT2017
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์–ด๋–ค ๋ฐฉ์•ˆ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ํšŒ์ƒ์„ ํ•ด ๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Let's take a brief reminder of what those tools looked like.
IWSLT2017
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2008๋…„ ์žฌ์ •์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‹ฅ์ณค์„ ๋•Œ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ๊ณผ ์˜๊ตญ์˜ ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰์€ ์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•œ ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์„ ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์–‘์ ์™„ํ™”๋ผ๊ณ  ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„ ์ •์ฑ… ์ค‘์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
When the financial crisis hit in 2008, the central banks of the US and UK began buying bonds issued by their own governments in a policy known as "quantitative easing."
IWSLT2017
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋งŒ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋Œ์•„์˜ค๋Š” ์ฑ„๊ถŒ์˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ ๋งํ•ด, ํ™”ํ ๋ฐœํ–‰์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Depending on what happens to those bonds when they mature, this is money printing by another name.
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๋ง™์†Œ์‚ฌ, ํ™”ํ๋ฅผ ๊ณ„์† ์ฐ์–ด๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And boy, did they print.
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์€ ํ˜ผ์ž์„œ 4์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
The US alone created four trillion dollars' worth of its own currency.
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๋‹จ๋…์œผ๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰๋œ ๊ฑด ์•„๋‹™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
This was not done in isolation.
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๋†€๋ผ์šด ํ˜‘์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. IMF์˜ 188๊ฐœ ํšŒ์›๊ตญ์€ 2์ฒœ 5๋ฐฑ์–ต ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐœํ–‰ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋กœ ํ•ฉ์˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. SDR๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์˜ ์™ธํ™˜๋ณด์œ ๊ณ ๋ฅผ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In a remarkable act of cooperation, the 188 countries that make up the International Monetary Fund, the IMF, agreed to issue 250 billion dollars' worth of their own currency -- the Special Drawing Right -- to boost reserves around the world.
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๊ธˆ์œต์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์œผ๋กœ ์ด๋™ํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ, ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์ค‘์•™์€ํ–‰ ์ด์žฌ, ๋งˆ๋ฆฌ์˜ค ๋“œ๋ผ๊ธฐ๋Š” ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋ฉด "๋ฌด์Šจ ์ˆ˜๋ผ๋„ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ๋‹ค" ๋ผ๊ณ  ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
When the financial crisis moved to Europe, the European Central Bank President, Mario Draghi, promised "to do whatever it takes."
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์ •๋ง ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And they did.
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์ผ๋ณธ์€ํ–‰๋„ ๊ฐ™์€ ๋ง์„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ๋™์ผํ•œ ์•ฝ์†์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ตํ™”ํŒฝ์ฐฝ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ "๋ฌด์Šจ ์ˆ˜๋ผ๋„ ์“ฐ๊ฒ ๋‹ค"์˜€์ฃ .
The Bank of Japan repeated those words -- that exact same commitment -- to do "whatever it takes" to reflate their economy.
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์–‘์ชฝ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— "๋ฌด์Šจ ์ˆ˜๋ฅผ ์“ฐ๋”๋ผ๋„"๋Š” ์ˆ˜ ์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ณ„์†๋˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ๋ฐœํ–‰ ์ •์ฑ…์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
In both cases, "whatever it takes" meant trillions of dollars more in money-printing policies that continue today.
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์ด๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ์ •์ฑ…์ž…์•ˆ์ž๋“ค์€ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํž˜์„ ํ•ฉ์ณ ํ–‰๋™ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ  ํ™”ํ๋ฐœํ–‰์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ ๋ณ€์น™์ ์ธ ์ •์ฑ…์˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ ๊ฐ์ˆ˜ํ•œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
What this shows is that when faced with some global challenges, policy makers are able to act collectively, with urgency, and run the risks of unconventional policies like money printing.
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ฒ˜์Œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋ด…์‹œ๋‹ค. ๊ธฐํ›„ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ˆ์„ ์ฐ์–ด๋‚ผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
So, let's go back to that original question: Can we print money for climate finance?
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3๋…„ ์ „์— ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์œผ๋กœ ๋ˆ์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์ž๋Š” ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋Š” ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Three years ago, the idea of using money in this way was something of a taboo.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜์”ฉ ๋”ฐ์ ธ๋ณด๋ฉด ๋ˆ์€ ํ•œ์ •์ ์ธ ์žฌ์›์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ตญ๋ฏผ๋“ค์˜ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ๋น ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ์••๋„๋˜๊ณ  ๋ง™๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ชฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ๋„ ๋ˆ์„ ๋” ์ฐ์ž๊ณ  ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋‹ˆ๊นŒ์š”. ๊ต์œก, ์˜๋ฃŒ, ๋ณต์ง€ ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ์š”.
Once you break down and dismantle the idea that money is a finite resource, governments can quickly get overwhelmed by demands from their people to print more and more money for other causes: education, health care, welfare -- even defense.
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ํ™”ํ๋ฐœํ–‰์˜ ์ •๋ง ๋”์ฐํ•œ ์—ญ์‚ฌ์  ์˜ˆ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ํ†ต์ œ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์€ ํ™”ํ๋ฐœํ–‰์€ ์ดˆ์ธํ”Œ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
And there are some truly terrible historical examples of money printing -- uncontrolled money printing -- leading to hyperinflation.
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1930๋…„ ๋ฐ”์ด๋งˆ๋ฅด ๊ณตํ™”๊ตญ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ณ  ์ตœ๊ทผ 2008๋…„์— ์ง๋ฐ”๋ธŒ์›จ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋นต๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒํ•„ํ’ˆ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์ด ๋งค์ผ 2๋ฐฐ์”ฉ ์˜ค๋ฅด๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
Think: Weimar Republic in 1930; Zimbabwe more recently, in 2008, when the prices of basic goods like bread are doubling every day.
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