text
large_stringlengths 236
26.5k
|
|---|
Context: Orthodox Judaism holds that on Mount Sinai, the Written Law was transmitted along with an Oral Law. The words of the Torah (Pentateuch) were spoken to Moses by God; the laws contained in this Written Torah, the "Mitzvot", were given along with detailed explanations in the oral tradition as to how to apply and interpret them. Furthermore, the Oral law includes principles designed to create new rules. The Oral law is held to be transmitted with an extremely high degree of accuracy. Jewish theologians, who choose to emphasize the more evolutionary nature of the Halacha point to a famous story in the Talmud, where Moses is miraculously transported to the House of Study of Rabbi Akiva and is clearly unable to follow the ensuing discussion.
Question: Where was the written law and the oral law transmitted?
Answer: Mount Sinai
Question: Who spoke the words of the Torah to Moses?
Answer: God
Question: What were the laws contained in the written Torah known as?
Answer: Mitzvot
Question: Where is Moses miraculously transported to?
Answer: House of Study of Rabbi Akiva
Question: What law is held to be transmitted with an extremely high degree of accuracy?
Answer: Oral law
Question: Who holds that the Oral Law was not transmitted on Mt. Sinai?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was given very few explanations on how to use it?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which law is set so that no new rules are created from it?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was Noah transported according to a story in the Talmud?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What law is not considered to have a high degree of accuracy?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Although one of the main obstacles still facing the Egyptian economy is the limited trickle down of wealth to the average population, many Egyptians criticise their government for higher prices of basic goods while their standards of living or purchasing power remains relatively stagnant. Corruption is often cited by Egyptians as the main impediment to further economic growth. The government promised major reconstruction of the country's infrastructure, using money paid for the newly acquired third mobile license ($3 billion) by Etisalat in 2006. In the Corruption Perceptions Index 2013, Egypt was ranked 114 out of 177.
Question: To what extent does wealth reach from affluent down to average population?
Answer: limited trickle down
Question: Who do Egyptians blame for higher prices, while purchasing power and standard of living are stagnate?
Answer: government
Question: Where did Egyptian plan to get funds to use for reconstruction of infrastructure?
Answer: newly acquired third mobile license ($3 billion) by Etisalat
Question: Where did Egypt rank in Corruption perceptions Index in 2013?
Answer: 114 out of 177 |
Context: Motorcycles are also commonly used, particularly in locations that a car may not be able to reach, to control potential public order situations involving meetings of motorcyclists and often in escort duties where motorcycle police officers can quickly clear a path for escorted vehicles. Bicycle patrols are used in some areas because they allow for more open interaction with the public. In addition, their quieter operation can facilitate approaching suspects unawares and can help in pursuing them attempting to escape on foot.
Question: Why do some cops use bicycles to patrol?
Answer: they allow for more open interaction with the public
Question: How do bicycles help catch some suspects?
Answer: their quieter operation can facilitate approaching suspects unawares and can help in pursuing them attempting to escape on foot
Question: What do police use to control motorcyclist events?
Answer: Motorcycles
Question: Why do all cops use bicycles to patrol?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why do some cops use motorcycles to patrol?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How do bicycles help catch some police officers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How don't bicycles help catch some suspects?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What don't police use to control motorcyclist events?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Pitch is an auditory sensation in which a listener assigns musical tones to relative positions on a musical scale based primarily on their perception of the frequency of vibration. Pitch is closely related to frequency, but the two are not equivalent. Frequency is an objective, scientific attribute that can be measured. Pitch is each person's subjective perception of a sound, which cannot be directly measured. However, this does not necessarily mean that most people won't agree on which notes are higher and lower.
Question: What type of sensation is pitch?
Answer: auditory
Question: What is pitch closely related to?
Answer: frequency
Question: Each persons perception of sound is called?
Answer: Pitch |
Context: Indian political philosophy evolved in ancient times and demarcated a clear distinction between (1) nation and state (2) religion and state. The constitutions of Hindu states evolved over time and were based on political and legal treatises and prevalent social institutions. The institutions of state were broadly divided into governance, administration, defense, law and order. Mantranga, the principal governing body of these states, consisted of the King, Prime Minister, Commander in chief of army, Chief Priest of the King. The Prime Minister headed the committee of ministers along with head of executive (Maha Amatya).
Question: What demarcates a clear distinction between nation and state, as well as religion and state?
Answer: Indian political philosophy
Question: What was divided into governance, administration, defense, law and order?
Answer: The institutions of state
Question: What was the governing body of the Hindu states?
Answer: Mantranga
Question: What political philosophy does not make a clear distinction between nation and state or religion state
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What evolved over time and is based on legal treaties and obscure social institutions?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who state institutions were divided into narrow well-defined entities?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What governing body of the states listed of the Prime Minister and civil servants?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did political and legal treatisies consist of in Indian government?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were the constitutions of Maha states based on?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How was the committee of ministers divided?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What prevalant social institution made a clear line between nation and religion?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the governing body of the head of executive?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Similarly, movies and television often revert to standard, clichéd snatches of classical music to convey refinement or opulence: some of the most-often heard pieces in this category include Bach´s Cello Suite No. 1, Mozart's Eine kleine Nachtmusik, Vivaldi's Four Seasons, Mussorgsky's Night on Bald Mountain (as orchestrated by Rimsky-Korsakov), and Rossini's William Tell Overture.
Question: What does classical music convey in movies and television?
Answer: refinement or opulence
Question: What piece by Vivaldi is used as a cliche to convey opulence?
Answer: Four Seasons
Question: What piece by Mozart is used as a cliche to convey refinement?
Answer: Eine kleine Nachtmusik
Question: Who wrote William Tell Overture?
Answer: Rossini
Question: Who wrote Night on Bald Mountain?
Answer: Mussorgsky |
Context: In France, offshoots of Cubism developed, including Orphism, Abstract art and later Purism. In other countries Futurism, Suprematism, Dada, Constructivism and De Stijl developed in response to Cubism. Early Futurist paintings hold in common with Cubism the fusing of the past and the present, the representation of different views of the subject pictured at the same time, also called multiple perspective, simultaneity or multiplicity, while Constructivism was influenced by Picasso's technique of constructing sculpture from separate elements. Other common threads between these disparate movements include the faceting or simplification of geometric forms, and the association of mechanization and modern life.
Question: What were the three offshoots of Cubism formed in France?
Answer: Orphism, Abstract art and later Purism
Question: What were the other offshoots formed in countries other than France?
Answer: Futurism, Suprematism, Dada, Constructivism and De Stijl
Question: Which offshoot had little in common with Cubism?
Answer: Futurist
Question: Which offshoot of cubism was influenced by Picasso?
Answer: Constructivism
Question: What were the four offshoots of Cubism formed in France?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were the other offshoots formed in France?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which offshoot had everything in common with Cubism?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which offshoot of cubism was not influenced by Picasso?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Having sold more than 300 million records worldwide, Madonna is recognized as the best-selling female recording artist of all time by Guinness World Records. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) listed her as the best-selling female rock artist of the 20th century and the second best-selling female artist in the United States, with 64.5 million certified albums. According to Billboard, Madonna is the highest-grossing solo touring artist of all time, earning US $1.31 billion from her concerts since 1990. She was ranked at number two, behind only The Beatles, on the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time Top Artists, making her the most successful solo artist in the history of American singles chart. Madonna became one of the five founding members of the UK Music Hall of Fame and was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in her first year of eligibility.
Question: How many records did Madonna sell worldwide?
Answer: more than 300 million
Question: Madonna is recognize as the best selling female music artiste by who?
Answer: Guinness World Records
Question: How many certified albums does Madonna have?
Answer: 64.5 million
Question: Since 1990, how much did Madonna make in her concerts?
Answer: $1.31 billion
Question: Who is one of the founding members of the UK Music Hall of Fame?
Answer: Madonna |
Context: Efforts have been made to improve nutrition, and reduce associated health problems, by encouraging women to make nutritious versions of local recipes. For example, the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Aga Khan Foundation, trained women's groups to make equinut, a healthy and nutritional version of the traditional recipe di-dèguè (comprising peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour). The aim was to boost nutrition and livelihoods by producing a product that women could make and sell, and which would be accepted by the local community because of its local heritage.
Question: What does ICRISTAT stand for?
Answer: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics
Question: What types of efforts to aid in health problems have been made?
Answer: improve nutrition
Question: The local communities have accepted equinut because it is similar to what native recipe?
Answer: recipe di-dèguè
Question: ICRISTAT had success in teaching women how to make what product of nutritional value?
Answer: equinut
Question: What ingredients are in both the traditional and nutritional version of this dish?
Answer: peanut paste, honey and millet or rice flour
Question: Little effort has been made to improve what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are men encouraged to cook?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is boosted by producing a product men can sell?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is not accepted by the local community?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Between January and May 1673, the Dutch East India Company forcibly took the island, before English reinforcements restored English East India Company control. The company experienced difficulty attracting new immigrants, and sentiments of unrest and rebellion fomented among the inhabitants. Ecological problems, including deforestation, soil erosion, vermin and drought, led Governor Isaac Pyke to suggest in 1715 that the population be moved to Mauritius, but this was not acted upon and the company continued to subsidise the community because of the island's strategic location. A census in 1723 recorded 1,110 people, including 610 slaves.
Question: What did the English East India Company have difficulty attracting?
Answer: new immigrants
Question: What problems lead to a suggesting to relocate the population?
Answer: Ecological problems
Question: What was the name of the governor who suggested relocating the population of Saint Helena?
Answer: Isaac Pyke
Question: What was the location that was suggested the population be moved too?
Answer: Mauritius
Question: How many slaves were on the island in 1723?
Answer: 610 |
Context: Most cotton in the United States, Europe and Australia is harvested mechanically, either by a cotton picker, a machine that removes the cotton from the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or by a cotton stripper, which strips the entire boll off the plant. Cotton strippers are used in regions where it is too windy to grow picker varieties of cotton, and usually after application of a chemical defoliant or the natural defoliation that occurs after a freeze. Cotton is a perennial crop in the tropics, and without defoliation or freezing, the plant will continue to grow.
Question: How is most cotton harvested?
Answer: mechanically
Question: What is the cotton harvesting machine that removes the boll with damaging the plant?
Answer: cotton picker
Question: What machine strips off the entire head of the cotton plant?
Answer: cotton stripper
Question: What weather conditions mandate the planting of stripper types of cotton?
Answer: windy
Question: What type of plant is cotton?
Answer: perennial
Question: How are most plants harvested?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the cotton harvesting machine that removes the bolll and damages the plant?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What machine strips off the chemicals off the cotton plant?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What weather conditions mandate the planting of defoliation types of cotton?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of plant is defoliant?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Genes can acquire mutations in their sequence, leading to different variants, known as alleles, in the population. These alleles encode slightly different versions of a protein, which cause different phenotype traits. Colloquial usage of the term "having a gene" (e.g., "good genes," "hair colour gene") typically refers to having a different allele of the gene. Genes evolve due to natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles.
Question: What do mutations in a gene sequence lead to?
Answer: different variants, known as alleles
Question: What do alleles do?
Answer: encode slightly different versions of a protein
Question: What do alleles cause?
Answer: different phenotype traits
Question: What does "having a gene" or a "good gene" typically refer to?
Answer: having a different allele of the gene
Question: What causes genes to evolve?
Answer: natural selection or survival of the fittest of the alleles |
Context: Mechanical analog computers started appearing in the first century and were later used in the medieval era for astronomical calculations. In World War II, mechanical analog computers were used for specialized military applications such as calculating torpedo aiming. During this time the first electronic digital computers were developed. Originally they were the size of a large room, consuming as much power as several hundred modern personal computers (PCs).
Question: What were analog computers originally used for?
Answer: astronomical calculations
Question: During what war were computers first used for military applications?
Answer: World War II,
Question: In computer terms, what does PC stand for?
Answer: personal computers
Question: During what war were the first digital computers invented?
Answer: World War II |
Context: In European history, the Middle Ages or medieval period lasted from the 5th to the 15th century. It began with the collapse of the Western Roman Empire and merged into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery. The Middle Ages is the middle period of the three traditional divisions of Western history: Antiquity, Medieval period, and Modern period. The Medieval period is itself subdivided into the Early, the High, and the Late Middle Ages.
Question: In what century did the Middle Ages begin?
Answer: 5th
Question: What century saw the end of the Middle Ages?
Answer: 15th
Question: What event marked the beginning of the Middle Ages?
Answer: the collapse of the Western Roman Empire
Question: Along with the Renaissance, what era occurred at the end of the Middle Ages?
Answer: Age of Discovery
Question: What is the first period of the three that Western history is traditionally divided into?
Answer: Antiquity |
Context: Glaciers form where the accumulation of snow and ice exceeds ablation. The area in which a glacier forms is called a cirque (corrie or cwm) - a typically armchair-shaped geological feature (such as a depression between mountains enclosed by arêtes) - which collects and compresses through gravity the snow which falls into it. This snow collects and is compacted by the weight of the snow falling above it forming névé. Further crushing of the individual snowflakes and squeezing the air from the snow turns it into 'glacial ice'. This glacial ice will fill the cirque until it 'overflows' through a geological weakness or vacancy, such as the gap between two mountains. When the mass of snow and ice is sufficiently thick, it begins to move due to a combination of surface slope, gravity and pressure. On steeper slopes, this can occur with as little as 15 m (50 ft) of snow-ice.
Question: Under what circumstances do glaciers form?
Answer: where the accumulation of snow and ice exceeds ablation
Question: What is a cirque?
Answer: The area in which a glacier forms
Question: What shape is a cirque, generally?
Answer: armchair-shaped
Question: How much ice and snow is minimally necessary to begin to slide on steep glaciers?
Answer: 15 m (50 ft)
Question: What forms were snow and ice accumulation is equal to its melting
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What geological features formed by glaciers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happens in a minimum of 15 feet of snow?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What causes a glaciers stop moving?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 633 AD, Rashidun Arabs invaded Iran and conquered it by 651 AD, largely converting Iranian people from their indigenous faiths of Manichaeism and Zoroastrianism to Sunni Islam. Arabic replaced Persian as the official language, while Persian remained the language of both ordinary people and of literature. Iran became a major contributor to the Islamic Golden Age, producing many influential scientists, scholars, artists, and thinkers. Establishment of the Safavid Dynasty in 1501, converted the Iranian people from Sunni Islam to Twelver Shia Islam, and made Twelver Shia Islam the official religion of Iran. Safavid conversion of Iran from Sunnism to Shiism marked one of the most important turning points in Iranian and Muslim history. Starting in 1736 under Nader Shah, Iran reached its greatest territorial extent since the Sassanid Empire, briefly possessing what was arguably the most powerful empire at the time. During the 19th century, Iran irrevocably lost swaths of its territories in the Caucasus which made part of the concept of Iran for centuries, to neighboring Imperial Russia. Popular unrest culminated in the Persian Constitutional Revolution of 1906, which established a constitutional monarchy and the country's first Majles (parliament). Following a coup d'état instigated by the U.K. and the U.S. in 1953, Iran gradually became close allies with the United States and the rest of the West, remained secular, but grew increasingly autocratic. Growing dissent against foreign influence and political repression culminated in the 1979 Revolution, which led to the establishment of an Islamic republic on 1 April 1979.
Question: What year did the Rashidun Arabs invade Iran?
Answer: 633 AD
Question: What year did the Rashidun Arabs conquer Iran?
Answer: 651 AD
Question: What religion did the Rashidun Arabs convert the indigenous conquered peoples to?
Answer: Sunni Islam
Question: Which country took over Iran's territories in the Caucasus in the 19th Century?
Answer: Imperial Russia
Question: What movement led to Iran becoming an Islamic republic in 1979?
Answer: 1979 Revolution |
Context: The Gorkha Kingdom ended the Malla confederation after the Battle of Kathmandu in 1768. This marked the beginning of the modern era in Kathmandu. The Battle of Kirtipur was the start of the Gorkha conquest of the Kathmandu Valley. Kathmandu was adopted as the capital of the Gorkha empire, and the empire itself was dubbed Nepal. During the early part of this era, Kathmandu maintained its distinctive culture. Buildings with characteristic Nepali architecture, such as the nine-story tower of Basantapur, were built during this era. However, trade declined because of continual war with neighboring nations. Bhimsen Thapa supported France against Great Britain; this led to the development of modern military structures, such as modern barracks in Kathmandu. The nine-storey tower Dharahara was originally built during this era.
Question: Who won the Battle of Kathmandu?
Answer: Gorkha Kingdom
Question: What battle inaugurated the conquering of the Kathmandu Valley by the Gorkha?
Answer: Kirtipur
Question: How many stories high was the Basantapur tower?
Answer: nine
Question: What European country did Bhimsen Thapa oppose?
Answer: Great Britain
Question: How many stories made up the Dharahara tower?
Answer: nine |
Context: In previous times, at the consistory at which the pope named a new cardinal, he would bestow upon him a distinctive wide-brimmed hat called a galero. This custom was discontinued in 1969 and the investiture now takes place with the scarlet biretta. In ecclesiastical heraldry, however, the scarlet galero is still displayed on the cardinal's coat of arms. Cardinals had the right to display the galero in their cathedral, and when a cardinal died, it would be suspended from the ceiling above his tomb. Some cardinals will still have a galero made, even though it is not officially part of their apparel.[citation needed]
Question: What is the name of the hat that the pope used to wear when naming a new Cardinal?
Answer: a galero.
Question: In what year did the practice of donning this item stop?
Answer: 1969
Question: What does the pope now wear when naming a new Cardinal?
Answer: scarlet biretta
Question: What was the name of the hat bestowed upon a pope upon his naming?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What custom was discontinued in 1959?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do cardinals not have the right to display in their cathedral?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What would happen to a pope's gelero when he dies?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is officially part of a cardinals apparel?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A thorough understanding of adolescence in society depends on information from various perspectives, including psychology, biology, history, sociology, education, and anthropology. Within all of these perspectives, adolescence is viewed as a transitional period between childhood and adulthood, whose cultural purpose is the preparation of children for adult roles. It is a period of multiple transitions involving education, training, employment and unemployment, as well as transitions from one living circumstance to another.
Question: What is the cultural purpose of adolescence?
Answer: preparation of children for adult roles
Question: What is the transitional period between childhood and adulthood viewed as?
Answer: adolescence
Question: Is adolescence a period of one transition or multiple transitions?
Answer: multiple transitions
Question: What transitions occur during puberty in addition to living circumstances?
Answer: education, training, employment and unemployment |
Context: The city's first bus rapid transit line, the Metrobús, began operation in June 2005, along Avenida Insurgentes. Line 2 opened in December 2008, serving Eje 4 Sur, line 3 opened in February 2011, serving Eje 1 Poniente, and line 4 opened in April 2012 connecting the airport with San Lázaro and Buenavista Station at Insurgentes. As the microbuses were removed from its route, it was hoped that the Metrobús could reduce pollution and decrease transit time for passengers. In June 2013, Mexico City's mayor announced two more lines to come: Line 5 serving Eje 3 Oriente and Line 6 serving Eje 5 Norte. As of June 2013, 367 Metrobús buses transported 850,000 passengers daily.
Question: What is the name of the city's fast bus line?
Answer: Metrobús
Question: When did Metrobus begin services?
Answer: June 2005
Question: When did the second line of Metrobus open?
Answer: December 2008
Question: How many people ride the Metrobus every day?
Answer: 850,000
Question: April 2012 was the year which Metrobus line opened?
Answer: line 4 |
Context: By the mid-1870s, most scientists accepted evolution, but relegated natural selection to a minor role as they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive. The range of evolutionary theories during "the eclipse of Darwinism" included forms of "saltationism" in which new species were thought to arise through "jumps" rather than gradual adaptation, forms of orthogenesis claiming that species had an inherent tendency to change in a particular direction, and forms of neo-Lamarckism in which inheritance of acquired characteristics led to progress. The minority view of August Weismann, that natural selection was the only mechanism, was called neo-Darwinism. It was thought that the rediscovery of Mendelian inheritance invalidated Darwin's views.
Question: Why did most scientists accept the validity of evolution by the 1870s, but considered natural selection a minor part of it?
Answer: they believed evolution was purposeful and progressive.
Question: What was meant by the term saltationism?
Answer: new species were thought to arise through "jumps" rather than gradual adaptation
Question: What is the term for the belief that species have a tendency to change and adapt in a certain direction?
Answer: orthogenesis
Question: What was the minority view on evolution that was believed by August Weismann?
Answer: neo-Darwinism
Question: What rediscovered inheritance was thought to invalidate Darwin's views on evolution?
Answer: Mendelian inheritance |
Context: Three days later, when a ceasefire had been agreed, Turkey had landed 30,000 troops on the island and captured Kyrenia, the corridor linking Kyrenia to Nicosia, and the Turkish Cypriot quarter of Nicosia itself. The junta in Athens, and then the Sampson regime in Cyprus fell from power. In Nicosia, Glafkos Clerides assumed the presidency and constitutional order was restored, removing the pretext for the Turkish invasion. But after the peace negotiations in Geneva, the Turkish government reinforced their Kyrenia bridgehead and started a second invasion on 14 August. The invasion resulted in the seizure of Morphou, Karpass, Famagusta and the Mesaoria.
Question: What did the Turkish troops capture first on the island?
Answer: Kyrenia
Question: What was the date of the second Turkish invasion?
Answer: 14 August
Question: What locations were seized in the second invasion?
Answer: Morphou, Karpass, Famagusta and the Mesaoria |
Context: Portugal’s national energy transmission company, Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN), uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants. Before the solar/wind revolution, Portugal had generated electricity from hydropower plants on its rivers for decades. New programs combine wind and water: wind-driven turbines pump water uphill at night, the most blustery period; then the water flows downhill by day, generating electricity, when consumer demand is highest. Portugal’s distribution system is also now a two-way street. Instead of just delivering electricity, it draws electricity from even the smallest generators, like rooftop solar panels. The government aggressively encouraged such contributions by setting a premium price for those who buy rooftop-generated solar electricity.
Question: What is the name of Portugal's national energy transmission company?
Answer: Redes Energéticas Nacionais (REN)
Question: What does REN do?
Answer: uses sophisticated modeling to predict weather, especially wind patterns, and computer programs to calculate energy from the various renewable-energy plants
Question: Through what renewable resource had Portugal generated electricity before the solar/wind revolution?
Answer: hydropower plants on its rivers
Question: What is used to pump water uphill in Portugal?
Answer: wind-driven turbines
Question: How did the Portuguese government encourage rooftop solar panels?
Answer: setting a premium price |
Context: In some countries, the personal copying exemption explicitly requires that the content being copied was obtained legitimately – i.e., from authorized sources, not file-sharing networks. Other countries, such as the Netherlands, make no such distinction; the exemption there had been assumed, even by the government, to apply to any such copying, even from file-sharing networks. However, in April 2014, the Court of Justice of the European Union ruled that "national legislation which makes no distinction between private copies made from lawful sources and those made from counterfeited or pirated sources cannot be tolerated." Thus, in the Netherlands, for example, downloading from file-sharing networks is no longer legal.
Question: What does the personal copying exemption explicitly need?
Answer: was obtained legitimately
Question: What is an example of a country that the exemption was assumed?
Answer: Netherlands
Question: When did the Court of Justice of the EU make a ruling about distinction?
Answer: April 2014
Question: In which country is downloading from a file-sharing network no longer legal?
Answer: Netherlands
Question: What does the personal copying exemption explicitly not need?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is an example of a country that the exemption wasn't assumed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When didn't the Court of Justice of the EU make a ruling about distinction?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In which country is uploading from a file-sharing network no longer legal?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In which country is downloading from a file-sharing network always legal?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Defence Committee—Third Report "Defence Equipment 2009" cites an article from the Financial Times website stating that the Chief of Defence Materiel, General Sir Kevin O’Donoghue, had instructed staff within Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S) through an internal memorandum to reprioritize the approvals process to focus on supporting current operations over the next three years; deterrence related programmes; those that reflect defence obligations both contractual or international; and those where production contracts are already signed. The report also cites concerns over potential cuts in the defence science and technology research budget; implications of inappropriate estimation of Defence Inflation within budgetary processes; underfunding in the Equipment Programme; and a general concern over striking the appropriate balance over a short-term focus (Current Operations) and long-term consequences of failure to invest in the delivery of future UK defence capabilities on future combatants and campaigns. The then Secretary of State for Defence, Bob Ainsworth MP, reinforced this reprioritisation of focus on current operations and had not ruled out "major shifts" in defence spending. In the same article the First Sea Lord and Chief of the Naval Staff, Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope, Royal Navy, acknowledged that there was not enough money within the defence budget and it is preparing itself for tough decisions and the potential for cutbacks. According to figures published by the London Evening Standard the defence budget for 2009 is "more than 10% overspent" (figures cannot be verified) and the paper states that this had caused Gordon Brown to say that the defence spending must be cut. The MoD has been investing in IT to cut costs and improve services for its personnel.
Question: Who was the Chief of Defence Materiel in 2009?
Answer: General Sir Kevin O’Donoghue
Question: Which department is overseen by the Chief of Defence Materiel?
Answer: Defence Equipment and Support (DE&S)
Question: Which programme was mentioned as being underfunded?
Answer: Equipment Programme
Question: Who was the Secretary of State for Defence in 2009?
Answer: Bob Ainsworth MP
Question: Which publication said the 2009 defence budget was more than 10% overbudget?
Answer: London Evening Standard
Question: Who is the head of the London Evening Standard?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the MoD mention about the defence science and technology budget?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has the Equipment Programme done with its budget in 2009 according to an internal memo?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has the Equipment Programme been investing in to cut costs and improve personnel services?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did former Secretary of State for Defence Mark Stanhope not rule out for spending on personnel?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Once the Second Punic War had been resolved, and the Romans had begun to regather their strength, they looked to re-assert their influence in the Balkans, and to curb the expansion of Philip. A pretext for war was provided by Philip's refusal to end his war with Attalid Pergamum, and Rhodes, both Roman allies. The Romans, also allied with the Aetolian League of Greek city-states (which resented Philip's power), thus declared war on Macedon in 200 BC, starting the Second Macedonian War. This ended with a decisive Roman victory at the Battle of Cynoscephalae (197 BC). Like most Roman peace treaties of the period, the resultant 'Peace of Flaminius' was designed utterly to crush the power of the defeated party; a massive indemnity was levied, Philip's fleet was surrendered to Rome, and Macedon was effectively returned to its ancient boundaries, losing influence over the city-states of southern Greece, and land in Thrace and Asia Minor. The result was the end of Macedon as a major power in the Mediterranean.
Question: In what region did the Romans aim to re-bolster the influence after the Second Punic war?
Answer: the Balkans
Question: Whose refusal to end wars with Attalid Pergamum and Rhodes led to the Second Macedonian War?
Answer: Philip
Question: What year did the Second Macedonian War begin?
Answer: 200 BC
Question: What battle signaled the end to the Second Macedonian War?
Answer: Battle of Cynoscephalae
Question: What empire won the Second Macedonian War?
Answer: Roman |
Context: In 1979, the Japanese state broadcaster NHK first developed consumer high-definition television with a 5:3 display aspect ratio. The system, known as Hi-Vision or MUSE after its Multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding for encoding the signal, required about twice the bandwidth of the existing NTSC system but provided about four times the resolution (1080i/1125 lines). Satellite test broadcasts started in 1989, with regular testing starting in 1991 and regular broadcasting of BS-9ch commencing on November 25, 1994, which featured commercial and NHK programming.
Question: In what year did NHK first develop consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
Answer: 1979
Question: Who first developed consumer HD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
Answer: the Japanese state broadcaster NHK
Question: When did satellite test broadcasts of Hi-Vision start?
Answer: 1989
Question: When did regular broadcasting of BS-9ch start?
Answer: November 25, 1994
Question: When did regular testing of Hi-Vision start?
Answer: 1991
Question: In what year did NHK first develop consumer SD television with a 5:3 aspect ratio?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who first developed consumer HD television with a 1:3 aspect ratio?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did satellite test broadcasts of lo-Vision start?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did regular broadcasting of BS-8ch start?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did regular testing of Lo-Vision start?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The theory that race is merely a social construct has been challenged by the findings of researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine, published in the American Journal of Human Genetics as "Genetic Structure, Self-Identified Race/Ethnicity, and Confounding in Case-Control Association Studies". One of the researchers, Neil Risch, noted: "we looked at the correlation between genetic structure [based on microsatellite markers] versus self-description, we found 99.9% concordance between the two. We actually had a higher discordance rate between self-reported sex and markers on the X chromosome! So you could argue that sex is also a problematic category. And there are differences between sex and gender; self-identification may not be correlated with biology perfectly. And there is sexism."
Question: Researchers from which university challenged the theory of race being only a social construct?
Answer: Stanford
Question: Where was the challenge to the theory of racing being a social construct published?
Answer: the American Journal of Human Genetics
Question: Neil Risch found a 99.9% agree between genetic structure and people's description of their what?
Answer: self
Question: What is a problematic category in addition to race?
Answer: sex
Question: What may self-identification not correlate with precisely?
Answer: biology |
Context: The brain generally forms a ring round the pharynx (throat), consisting of a pair of ganglia (local control centers) above and in front of the pharynx, linked by nerve cords either side of the pharynx to another pair of ganglia just below and behind it. The brains of polychaetes are generally in the prostomium, while those of clitellates are in the peristomium or sometimes the first segment behind the peristomium. In some very mobile and active polychaetes the brain is enlarged and more complex, with visible hindbrain, midbrain and forebrain sections. The rest of the central nervous system is generally "ladder-like", consisting of a pair of nerve cords that run through the bottom part of the body and have in each segment paired ganglia linked by a transverse connection. From each segmental ganglion a branching system of local nerves runs into the body wall and then encircles the body. However, in most polychaetes the two main nerve cords are fused, and in the tube-dwelling genus Owenia the single nerve chord has no ganglia and is located in the epidermis.
Question: What are ganglia?
Answer: local control centers
Question: What is an annelid's brain in a ring around?
Answer: the pharynx
Question: What is a pharynx?
Answer: throat
Question: Where are clitellates' brains?
Answer: in the peristomium or sometimes the first segment behind the peristomium
Question: Where are polychaetes' brains?
Answer: in the prostomium
Question: What is an annelid's brain in a sphere around?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where are clitellates' teeth?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where are polychaetes' bodies?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is rarely "ladder-like"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What nerve cords are never fused in polychaetes?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Another possible cause of diarrhea is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which usually presents with abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months. Symptoms of diarrhea-predominant IBS can be managed through a combination of dietary changes, soluble fiber supplements, and/or medications such as loperamide or codeine. About 30% of patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS have bile acid malabsorption diagnosed with an abnormal SeHCAT test.
Question: What is IBS?
Answer: irritable bowel syndrome
Question: What symptoms do you have with IBS?
Answer: abdominal discomfort relieved by defecation and unusual stool (diarrhea or constipation) for at least 3 days a week over the previous 3 months
Question: How can symptoms be managed with IBS?
Answer: a combination of dietary changes, soluble fiber supplements, and/or medications
Question: What is another possible cause of unusual stool?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How can symptoms of bile acid malabsorption be managed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is SeHCAT syndrome?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many patients with SeHCAT have bile acid malabsorption?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the diagnosis for patients with unusual stool?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In hydraulic elevator systems, emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit. The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch. Typically, due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor, hydraulic elevators are not run using standard emergency power systems. Buildings like hospitals and nursing homes usually size their emergency generators to accommodate this draw. However, the increasing use of current-limiting motor starters, commonly known as "soft-start" contactors, avoid much of this problem, and the current draw of the pump motor is less of a limiting concern.
Question: How do hydraulic elevators work in emergencies?
Answer: emergency power will lower the elevators to the lowest landing and open the doors to allow passengers to exit
Question: Once the passengers have exited, what happens?
Answer: The doors then close after an adjustable time period and the car remains unusable until reset, usually by cycling the elevator main power switch
Question: For what reason are hydraulic elevators not powered by the standard emergency system?
Answer: due to the high current draw when starting the pump motor
Question: What are current-limiting motor starters referred to as?
Answer: "soft-start" contactors |
Context: Magadha (Sanskrit: मगध) formed one of the sixteen Mahā-Janapadas (Sanskrit: "Great Countries") or kingdoms in ancient India. The core of the kingdom was the area of Bihar south of the Ganges; its first capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) then Pataliputra (modern Patna). Magadha expanded to include most of Bihar and Bengal with the conquest of Licchavi and Anga respectively, followed by much of eastern Uttar Pradesh and Orissa. The ancient kingdom of Magadha is heavily mentioned in Jain and Buddhist texts. It is also mentioned in the Ramayana, Mahabharata, Puranas. A state of Magadha, possibly a tribal kingdom, is recorded in Vedic texts much earlier in time than 600 BC. Magadha Empire had great rulers like Bimbisara and Ajatshatru.
Question: Of what was Magadha one of sixteen?
Answer: Mahā-Janapadas
Question: How does the Sanskrit translate Maha-Janapadas?
Answer: Great Countries
Question: Where was the center of Magadha?
Answer: Bihar
Question: Where were there early records of the Magadha kingdom?
Answer: Vedic texts
Question: What time do the texts locating Magadha kingdom predate?
Answer: 600 BC. |
Context: In 1981, the new US President Ronald Reagan pursued a hard line approach to Libya, erroneously considering it a puppet regime of the Soviet Union. In turn, Gaddafi played up his commercial relationship with the Soviets, visiting Moscow again in April 1981 and 1985, and threatening to join the Warsaw Pact. The Soviets were nevertheless cautious of Gaddafi, seeing him as an unpredictable extremist. Beginning military exercises in the Gulf of Sirte – an area of sea that Libya claimed as a part of its territorial waters – in August 1981 the U.S. shot down two Libyan Su-22 planes monitoring them. Closing down Libya's embassy in Washington, D.C., Reagan advised U.S. companies operating in the country to reduce the number of American personnel stationed there. In March 1982, the U.S. implemented an embargo of Libyan oil, and in January 1986 ordered all U.S. companies to cease operating in the country, although several hundred workers remained. Diplomatic relations also broke down with the U.K., after Libyan diplomats were accused in the shooting death of Yvonne Fletcher, a British policewoman stationed outside their London embassy, in April 1984. In Spring 1986, the U.S. Navy again began performing exercises in the Gulf of Sirte; the Libyan military retaliated, but failed as the U.S. sank several Libyan ships.
Question: In what years did Gaddafi visit the Soviet Union?
Answer: 1981 and 1985
Question: What did Reagan wrongly believe Libya to be?
Answer: a puppet regime of the Soviet Union
Question: As a result of American hostility, what military alliance did Libya say it would join?
Answer: Warsaw Pact
Question: What Libyan aircraft were shot down by the United States in 1981?
Answer: Su-22
Question: What was the occupation of Yvonne Fletcher?
Answer: policewoman |
Context: The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War. With the outbreak of the Korean War, concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII, were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and American strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom, until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack.
Question: What war occurred after the end of World War II?
Answer: Cold War
Question: In what year were corps V and corps VII reactivated?
Answer: 1950
Question: How many divisions of the U.S. Army were in Europe?
Answer: four
Question: What war occurred after the end of War on Terror?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year were corps V and corps VII disbanded?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many divisions of the U.S. Army were in Germany?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What set the stage for the North-South confrontation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: With the outbreak of which war did concerns for the defense of Western Europe decrease?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The archipelago is formed by high points on the rim of the caldera of a submarine volcano that forms a seamount. The volcano is one part of a range that was formed as part of the same process that formed the floor of the Atlantic, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence, during which its limestone cap was formed by marine organisms, and during the Ice Ages the entire caldera was above sea level, forming an island of approximately two hundred square miles.
Question: What is the limestone cap of the seamount made from?
Answer: marine organisms
Question: During the ice age, what area of land was above water?
Answer: approximately two hundred square miles
Question: Has the seamount always been above sealevel?
Answer: The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence
Question: What type of volcano forms the archipelago?
Answer: a submarine volcano
Question: Why is the top of the seamount formed by marine organisms?
Answer: periods of complete submergence,
Question: What was the result of the whole cladera being above sea level during the Ice Ages?
Answer: an island
Question: The submarine volcano was formed as part of the same proces as what two things?
Answer: the floor of the Atlantic, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Question: When was the caldera partially above sea level?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the volcano part of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Mid-Atlantic Ridge form?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does the seamount form?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 15–20% of active cases, the infection spreads outside the lungs, causing other kinds of TB. These are collectively denoted as "extrapulmonary tuberculosis". Extrapulmonary TB occurs more commonly in immunosuppressed persons and young children. In those with HIV, this occurs in more than 50% of cases. Notable extrapulmonary infection sites include the pleura (in tuberculous pleurisy), the central nervous system (in tuberculous meningitis), the lymphatic system (in scrofula of the neck), the genitourinary system (in urogenital tuberculosis), and the bones and joints (in Pott disease of the spine), among others. When it spreads to the bones, it is also known as "osseous tuberculosis", a form of osteomyelitis. Sometimes, bursting of a tubercular abscess through skin results in tuberculous ulcer. An ulcer originating from nearby infected lymph nodes is painless, slowly enlarging and has an appearance of "wash leather". A potentially more serious, widespread form of TB is called "disseminated tuberculosis", also known as miliary tuberculosis. Miliary TB makes up about 10% of extrapulmonary cases.
Question: What's the medical term for TB when it spreads from the lungs to other parts of the body?
Answer: extrapulmonary tuberculosis
Question: At least what percentage of HIV-positive patients who contract TB will experience extrapulmonary infection?
Answer: 50%
Question: Along with people with diminished immune function, like HIV patients, what group of people is more likely to develop extrapulmonary TB?
Answer: young children
Question: If TB infection spreads to the central nervous system, what is it called?
Answer: tuberculous meningitis
Question: What's the other name for "disseminated tuberculosis"?
Answer: miliary tuberculosis
Question: What percentage of young children get Extrapulmonary TB?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does a tuberculous ulcer result in?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does disseminated tuberculosis look like?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is another name for osseous tuberculosis?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of HIV positive cases also get Military TB?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Everton hold the record for the most seasons in England's top tier (Division One/Premier League), at 111 seasons out of 114 as of 2014–15 (the club played in Division 2 in 1930–31 and from 1951–54). They are one of seven teams to have played all 22 seasons of the Premier League since its inception in August 1992 – the others being Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Liverpool, Manchester United, and Tottenham Hotspur. Everton against Aston Villa is the most played fixture in England's top flight, as of the 2012–13 season the two founder members of the Football League have played a record 196 league games.
Question: How many seasons out of the last 114 has Everton been in England's top tier?
Answer: 111
Question: How many other teams have played all 22 seasons in the Premier League since its inception?
Answer: seven
Question: When was the Premier League established?
Answer: 1992
Question: What match has been played the most since the inception of the Premier League?
Answer: Everton against Aston Villa
Question: How many games has Everton played against Aston Villa?
Answer: 196
Question: How many seasons of football has Chelsea played?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many games has Arsenal played against Everton?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was Chelsea's football team established?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Everton play its first game against Aston Villa?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many seasons has Liverpool played?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the east there is a Dutch Low Saxon dialect area, comprising the provinces of Groningen, Drenthe and Overijssel, and parts of the province of Gelderland as well. The IJssel river roughly forms the linguistic watershed here. This group, though not being Low Franconian and being close to the neighbouring Low German, is regarded as Dutch, because of a number of reasons. From the 14th to 15th century onward, its urban centers (Deventer, Zwolle and Kampen as well as Zutphen and Doesburg) have been increasingly influenced by the western written Dutch and became a linguistically mixed area. From the 17th century onward, it was gradually integrated into the Dutch language area. In other words, this group is Dutch synchronically but not diachronically.[citation needed]
Question: What dialect of Dutch is spoken in Drenthe?
Answer: Dutch Low Saxon
Question: What's the name of the river that marks a dialect divide in the Netherlands?
Answer: IJssel
Question: Although Dutch Low Saxon is similar to Low German, it's synchronically included with which language?
Answer: Dutch
Question: Which Dutch province is only partially comprised of speakers of Dutch low Saxon?
Answer: Gelderland
Question: When did cities like Diventer and Zutphen start becoming more linguistically diverse?
Answer: 14th to 15th century |
Context: Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosevelt held considerable power during the Great Depression. Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers. The aforementioned Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, another separation of powers case, was also decided during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. In response to many unfavorable Supreme Court decisions, Roosevelt introduced a "Court Packing" plan, under which more seats would be added to the Supreme Court for the president to fill. Such a plan (which was defeated in Congress) would have seriously undermined the judiciary's independence and power.
Question: Which President attempted to pack the supreme court?
Answer: Franklin Roosevelt
Question: Who had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority during the great depression?
Answer: Congress
Question: Which presidents have tried to decrease the power of the presidential office?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who claimed the president was not permitted to do whatever wasn't allowed by law?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who failed to have considerable power during the Great Depression?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who had considerable power during the Great Recession?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who introduced a plan to decrease the number of Supreme Court seats for the president to fill?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A large indoor shopping centre Hoog Catharijne (nl) is located between Utrecht Centraal railway station and the city centre. The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night. In 20 years from 2004, parts of Hoog Catharijne will be redeveloped as part of the renovation of the larger station area. Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated. The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station.
Question: What is the name of the large shopping center
Answer: Hoog Catharijne
Question: how are the shopping center corridors treated
Answer: The corridors are treated as public places like streets, and the route between the station and the city centre is open all night
Question: What is being recreated
Answer: Parts of the city's network of canals, which were filled to create the shopping center and central station area, will be recreated
Question: what is located on the west side of the rail station
Answer: The Jaarbeurs, one of the largest convention centres in the Netherlands, is located at the west side of the central railway station
Question: What shopping center is located in the city center?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What streets are open all night?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is planned to be renovated every 20 years?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is one of the largest convention centres in Europe?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Under the 1830 Act any householder who paid rates could apply, with a one-off payment of two guineas (roughly equal in value to £168 today), to sell beer or cider in his home (usually the front parlour) and even to brew his own on his premises. The permission did not extend to the sale of spirits and fortified wines, and any beer house discovered selling those items was closed down and the owner heavily fined. Beer houses were not permitted to open on Sundays. The beer was usually served in jugs or dispensed directly from tapped wooden barrels on a table in the corner of the room. Often profits were so high the owners were able to buy the house next door to live in, turning every room in their former home into bars and lounges for customers.
Question: What is the approximate modern value of two guineas in 1830?
Answer: £168
Question: What did the Beer Act allow a householder to sell from his home?
Answer: beer or cider
Question: On what day were beer houses closed?
Answer: Sundays
Question: Along with barrels, what was beer typically dispensed from?
Answer: jugs
Question: What was forbidden from being sold in beer houses?
Answer: spirits and fortified wines |
Context: Baptists, like other Christians, are defined by doctrine—some of it common to all orthodox and evangelical groups and a portion of it distinctive to Baptists. Through the years, different Baptist groups have issued confessions of faith—without considering them to be creeds—to express their particular doctrinal distinctions in comparison to other Christians as well as in comparison to other Baptists. Most Baptists are evangelical in doctrine, but Baptist beliefs can vary due to the congregational governance system that gives autonomy to individual local Baptist churches. Historically, Baptists have played a key role in encouraging religious freedom and separation of church and state.
Question: Baptists are defined by what?
Answer: doctrine
Question: Baptists have issued what without considering them to be creeds?
Answer: confessions of faith
Question: Most Baptists are what in doctrine?
Answer: evangelical
Question: Baptists have played a key role in what?
Answer: encouraging religious freedom and separation of church and state.
Question: Which group of Christians are not defined by doctrine?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Baptists have issued what while considering them to be creeds?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Most Baptists exclude what doctrine?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Baptists have played a small role in what?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Following the Protestant Reformation, promoted by local reformer Martin Bucer, the principle of cuius regio, eius religio led to a certain amount of religious diversity in the highlands of northern Alsace. Landowners, who as "local lords" had the right to decide which religion was allowed on their land, were eager to entice populations from the more attractive lowlands to settle and develop their property. Many accepted without discrimination Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Jews and Anabaptists. Multiconfessional villages appeared, particularly in the region of Alsace bossue. Alsace became one of the French regions boasting a thriving Jewish community, and the only region with a noticeable Anabaptist population. The schism of the Amish under the lead of Jacob Amman from the Mennonites occurred in 1693 in Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines. The strongly Catholic Louis XIV tried in vain to drive them from Alsace. When Napoleon imposed military conscription without religious exception, most emigrated to the American continent.
Question: What were landowners also known as that had a right to decide which religion was allowed on their property?
Answer: local lords
Question: Which groups or religions were greatly accepted in Alsace?
Answer: Catholics, Lutherans, Calvinists, Jews and Anabaptists
Question: Which group did Louis XIV tried push out of Alsace?
Answer: Amish
Question: When did the Anabaptists split?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who tried to remove Jews from Alsace?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Napoleon's primary religion?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the name of the Amish reformer?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What edict by Louis XIV caused many to move to the US?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: To begin with, England had no permanent home stadium. They joined FIFA in 1906 and played their first ever games against countries other than the Home Nations on a tour of Central Europe in 1908. Wembley Stadium was opened in 1923 and became their home ground. The relationship between England and FIFA became strained, and this resulted in their departure from FIFA in 1928, before they rejoined in 1946. As a result, they did not compete in a World Cup until 1950, in which they were beaten in a 1–0 defeat by the United States, failing to get past the first round in one of the most embarrassing defeats in the team's history.
Question: In which year did England join FIFA?
Answer: 1906
Question: England played against countries besides the Home Nations for the first time in what year?
Answer: 1908
Question: In what year did Wembley Stadium open?
Answer: 1923
Question: England left FIFA in 1928 and ultimately rejoined in what year?
Answer: 1946
Question: What was the first year after England left and rejoined FIFA in which they played in a World Cup?
Answer: 1950
Question: In what year did FIFA come into existence?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year was the first World Cup played?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the score the first time the United States competed for a World Cup?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the name of one of the home stadiums England played in prior to 1923?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the United States join FIFA?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The mandolin's popularity in the United States was spurred by the success of a group of touring young European musicians known as the Estudiantina Figaro, or in the United States, simply the "Spanish Students." The group landed in the U.S. on January 2, 1880 in New York City, and played in Boston and New York to wildly enthusiastic crowds. Ironically, this ensemble did not play mandolins but rather bandurrias, which are also small, double-strung instruments that resemble the mandolin. The success of the Figaro Spanish Students spawned other groups who imitated their musical style and costumes. An Italian musician, Carlo Curti, hastily started a musical ensemble after seeing the Figaro Spanish Students perform; his group of Italian born Americans called themselves the "Original Spanish Students," counting on the American public to not know the difference between the Spanish bandurrias and Italian mandolins. The imitators' use of mandolins helped to generate enormous public interest in an instrument previously relatively unknown in the United States.
Question: What group in the US was popular?
Answer: Estudiantina Figaro
Question: When did the Estudiantina Figaro come to the US?
Answer: January 2, 1880
Question: Where did the Estudiantina Figaro play?
Answer: Boston and New York
Question: What group was inspired by the Estudiantina Figaro?
Answer: Original Spanish Students
Question: What did the Origianl Spanish Students expect the American public not to know?
Answer: the difference between the Spanish bandurrias and Italian mandolins
Question: What group in the UK was popular?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the Estudiantina Figaro leave the US?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where did the Estudiantina Figaro refuse to play?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What group wasn't inspired by the Estudiantina Figaro?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the Origianl Spanish Students expect the African public not to know?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: During the American occupation of the state, the number of Indian attacks was drastically reduced, but in 1848 the attacks resumed to such a degree that the Mexican officials had no choice but to resume military projects to protect Mexican settlements in the state. Through the next three decades the state faced constant attacks from indigenous on Mexican settlements. After the occupation the people of the state were worried about the potential attack from the hostile indigenous tribes north of the Rio Grande; as a result a decree on July 19, 1848, the state established 18 military colonies along the Rio Grande. The new military colonies were to replace the presidios as population centers to prevent future invasions by indigenous tribes; these policies remained prominent in the state until 1883. Eventually the state replaced the old state security with a state policy to form militias organized with every Mexican in the state capable to serve between the ages of 18 and 55 to fulfill the mandate of having six men defending for every 1000 residents.
Question: What group continuously attacked Mexican settlements?
Answer: indigenous tribes
Question: How many military colonies were established by the state?
Answer: 18
Question: The military colonies replaced what as population centers?
Answer: presidios
Question: How many men per 1000 residents were mandated to defend?
Answer: six men |
Context: Many more of the control codes have been given meanings quite different from their original ones. The "escape" character (ESC, code 27), for example, was intended originally to allow sending other control characters as literals instead of invoking their meaning. This is the same meaning of "escape" encountered in URL encodings, C language strings, and other systems where certain characters have a reserved meaning. Over time this meaning has been co-opted and has eventually been changed. In modern use, an ESC sent to the terminal usually indicates the start of a command sequence, usually in the form of a so-called "ANSI escape code" (or, more properly, a "Control Sequence Introducer") beginning with ESC followed by a "[" (left-bracket) character. An ESC sent from the terminal is most often used as an out-of-band character used to terminate an operation, as in the TECO and vi text editors. In graphical user interface (GUI) and windowing systems, ESC generally causes an application to abort its current operation or to exit (terminate) altogether.
Question: What was the "escape" character originally intended for?
Answer: to allow sending other control characters as literals instead of invoking their meaning
Question: What does modern ESC code do?
Answer: most often used as an out-of-band character used to terminate an operation
Question: What does ESC generally mean for graphical user interfaces and windowing systems?
Answer: an application to abort its current operation or to exit (terminate) altogether
Question: What was the "escape" character meant to stop?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does ESC generally mean for left-brackets?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is most often used as a command sequence?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where does ESC generally cause an application to abort its given meanings?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is an ESC sent to control characters usually in the form of?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Paul VI supported the new-found harmony and cooperation with Protestants on so many levels. When Cardinal Augustin Bea went to see him for permission for a joint Catholic-Protestant translation of the Bible with Protestant Bible societies, the pope walked towards him and exclaimed, "as far as the cooperation with Bible societies is concerned, I am totally in favour." He issued a formal approval on Pentecost 1967, the feast on which the Holy Spirit descended on the Christians, overcoming all linguistic difficulties, according to Christian tradition.
Question: Who was Paul VI in favor of cooperating with in the translation of the bible?
Answer: Protestant Bible societies
Question: Who asked Paul VI for permission to cooperate with Protestants to translate the bible?
Answer: Cardinal Augustin Bea
Question: In what year did Paul VI officially declare his support of a cross faith translation of the bible?
Answer: 1967
Question: What group of Christians did Paul VI support and approve of cooperation with?
Answer: Protestants |
Context: From the German point of view, March 1941 saw an improvement. The Luftwaffe flew 4,000 sorties that month, including 12 major and three heavy attacks. The electronic war intensified but the Luftwaffe flew major inland missions only on moonlit nights. Ports were easier to find and made better targets. To confuse the British, radio silence was observed until the bombs fell. X- and Y-Gerät beams were placed over false targets and switched only at the last minute. Rapid frequency changes were introduced for X-Gerät, whose wider band of frequencies and greater tactical flexibility ensured it remained effective at a time when British selective jamming was degrading the effectiveness of Y-Gerät.
Question: How many sorties were flown in March 1941?
Answer: 4,000
Question: When did the Luftwaffe fly inland missions?
Answer: only on moonlit nights
Question: Why were ports better targets?
Answer: Ports were easier to find
Question: How did the Germans confuse the British?
Answer: radio silence was observed until the bombs fell
Question: Why was the X-Gerat frequencies used more?
Answer: British selective jamming was degrading the effectiveness of Y-Gerät |
Context: It gained great momentum in the 18th and 19th centuries with the emergence of Methodism and the Great Awakenings in Britain and North America. The origins of Evangelicalism are usually traced back to the English Methodist movement, Nicolaus Zinzendorf, the Moravian Church, Lutheran pietism, Presbyterianism and Puritanism. Among leaders and major figures of the Evangelical Protestant movement were John Wesley, George Whitefield, Jonathan Edwards, Billy Graham, Harold John Ockenga, John Stott and Martyn Lloyd-Jones.
Question: What period saw a large upswing in Evangelicalism?
Answer: the 18th and 19th centuries
Question: Methodism is part of what movement?
Answer: Evangelicalism
Question: Where did the Great Awakenings increase interest in Evangelicalism?
Answer: Britain and North America
Question: What man is associated with the beginnings of Evangelicalism?
Answer: Nicolaus Zinzendorf |
Context: Darwin proposes sexual selection, driven by competition between males for mates, to explain sexually dimorphic features such as lion manes, deer antlers, peacock tails, bird songs, and the bright plumage of some male birds. He analysed sexual selection more fully in The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex (1871). Natural selection was expected to work very slowly in forming new species, but given the effectiveness of artificial selection, he could "see no limit to the amount of change, to the beauty and infinite complexity of the coadaptations between all organic beings, one with another and with their physical conditions of life, which may be effected in the long course of time by nature's power of selection". Using a tree diagram and calculations, he indicates the "divergence of character" from original species into new species and genera. He describes branches falling off as extinction occurred, while new branches formed in "the great Tree of life ... with its ever branching and beautiful ramifications".
Question: What does Darwin say can explain diverse feature such as antlers on deer and bright feathers on certain male birds?
Answer: sexual selection, driven by competition between males for mates
Question: Which of Darwin's written works has more in depth information about sexual selection?
Answer: The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex
Question: What did Darwin expect to see between species with the addition of artificial selection?
Answer: no limit to the amount of change, to the beauty and infinite complexity of the coadaptations between all organic beings
Question: What did Darwin use to illustrate the way that original species change and adapt into new ones?
Answer: a tree diagram and calculations |
Context: Scholar Patrick Chura, who suggests Emmett Till was a model for Tom Robinson, enumerates the injustices endured by the fictional Tom that Till also faced. Chura notes the icon of the black rapist causing harm to the representation of the "mythologized vulnerable and sacred Southern womanhood". Any transgressions by black males that merely hinted at sexual contact with white females during the time the novel was set often resulted in a punishment of death for the accused. Tom Robinson's trial was juried by poor white farmers who convicted him despite overwhelming evidence of his innocence, as more educated and moderate white townspeople supported the jury's decision. Furthermore, the victim of racial injustice in To Kill a Mockingbird was physically impaired, which made him unable to commit the act he was accused of, but also crippled him in other ways. Roslyn Siegel includes Tom Robinson as an example of the recurring motif among white Southern writers of the black man as "stupid, pathetic, defenseless, and dependent upon the fair dealing of the whites, rather than his own intelligence to save him". Although Tom is spared from being lynched, he is killed with excessive violence during an attempted escape from prison, shot seventeen times.
Question: The main jurors in Tom Robinson's trial were all which race?
Answer: white
Question: How did Tom Robinson die in the novel?
Answer: shot seventeen times
Question: At the time of the novel's setting, what punishment was often received by black males for percieved sexual contact with a white woman?
Answer: death
Question: Who comprised Tom's jury?
Answer: poor white farmers
Question: How many times was Tom shot?
Answer: seventeen |
Context: In manufacturing the glass bulb, a type of "ribbon machine" is used. A continuous ribbon of glass is passed along a conveyor belt, heated in a furnace, and then blown by precisely aligned air nozzles through holes in the conveyor belt into molds. Thus the glass bulbs are created. After the bulbs are blown, and cooled, they are cut off the ribbon machine; a typical machine of this sort produces 50,000 bulbs per hour. The filament and its supports are assembled on a glass stem, which is fused to the bulb. The air is pumped out of the bulb, and the evacuation tube in the stem press is sealed by a flame. The bulb is then inserted into the lamp base, and the whole assembly tested.
Question: What type of machine manufactures glass light bulbs.
Answer: ribbon machine
Question: How many bulbs does the average ribbon machine produce per hour?
Answer: 50,000
Question: How is the filament attached to the bulb?
Answer: assembled on a glass stem, which is fused to the bulb
Question: How is the evacuation tube sealed?
Answer: by a flame
Question: What blows the glass bulbs into their characteristic shape?
Answer: precisely aligned air nozzles
Question: What type of machine is not used in manufacturing light bulbs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is not passed along a conveyor belt when making bulbs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is cooled in a furnace and blown by aligned air nozzles though holes in the conveyor belt?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is not sealed by a flame?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: EU member countries have shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals. In 2010, Eurobarometer polled the twenty-seven EU member states about the target "to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent by 2020". Most people in all twenty-seven countries either approved of the target or called for it to go further. Across the EU, 57 percent thought the proposed goal was "about right" and 16 percent thought it was "too modest." In comparison, 19 percent said it was "too ambitious".
Question: Who has shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals?
Answer: EU member countries
Question: What group polled the 27 EU member states in 2010?
Answer: Eurobarometer
Question: The goal was to increase the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent in what year?
Answer: 2020
Question: Who has never shown support for ambitious renewable energy goals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What group polled the 25 EU member states in 2010?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What group polled the 27 EU member states in 2000?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The goal was to decrease the share of renewable energy in the EU by 20 percent in what year?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A Spanish expedition led by captain Estêvão Gomes, a Portuguese sailing for Emperor Charles V, arrived in New York Harbor in January 1525 aboard the purpose-built caravel "La Anunciada" and charted the mouth of the Hudson River, which he named Rio de San Antonio. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August. The first scientific map to show the North American East coast continuously, the 1527 world map known as the Padrón Real, was informed by Gomes' expedition, and labeled the Northeast as Tierra de Esteban Gómez in his honor.
Question: In what year did a Spanish expedition visit New York Harbor?
Answer: 1525
Question: Who commanded the Spanish expedition?
Answer: Estêvão Gomes
Question: What was the nationality of Estêvão Gomes?
Answer: Portuguese
Question: What monarch did Estêvão Gomes serve?
Answer: Charles V
Question: What was the name of Estêvão Gomes's ship?
Answer: La Anunciada
Question: The front of the Hudson River was named what by Estevao Gomes?
Answer: Rio de San Antonio
Question: What was the first map to show the whole North American East coast?
Answer: Padrón Real |
Context: The city of Houston has a strong mayoral form of municipal government. Houston is a home rule city and all municipal elections in the state of Texas are nonpartisan. The City's elected officials are the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council. The current mayor of Houston is Sylvester Turner, a Democrat elected on a nonpartisan ballot. Houston's mayor serves as the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative, and is responsible for the general management of the city and for seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced.
Question: Who is the current mayor of Houston?
Answer: Sylvester Turner
Question: What form of government does Houston have?
Answer: strong mayoral form of municipal government
Question: Who are Houston's elected officials?
Answer: the mayor, city controller and 16 members of the Houston City Council
Question: What does Houston's mayor also serve as?
Answer: the city's chief administrator, executive officer, and official representative
Question: Besides the general management of the city, Houston's mayor is also responsible for what?
Answer: seeing that all laws and ordinances are enforced
Question: What is the form of city government in Houston?
Answer: strong mayoral
Question: What type of municipal elections are held in Texas?
Answer: nonpartisan
Question: Besides the mayor and controller, how many members are there on the city council?
Answer: 16
Question: Who is the mayor of Houston since the last election?
Answer: Sylvester Turner
Question: To what political party is Mayor Turner aligned?
Answer: Democrat
Question: Who is the current senator of Houston?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What form of government does Texas have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who are Texas's elected officials?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Houston's senator also serve as?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Gray does not, however, give any indication of what available evidence these theories were at odds with, and his appeal to "crucial support" illustrates the very inductivist approach to science that Popper sought to show was logically illegitimate. For, according to Popper, Einstein's theory was at least equally as well corroborated as Newton's upon its initial conception; they both equally well accounted for all the hitherto available evidence. Moreover, since Einstein also explained the empirical refutations of Newton's theory, general relativity was immediately deemed suitable for tentative acceptance on the Popperian account. Indeed, Popper wrote, several decades before Gray's criticism, in reply to a critical essay by Imre Lakatos:
Question: Gray's approach aligns with which approach that Popper himself considered untenable?
Answer: inductivist
Question: A possible rebuttal to Gray's argument appears in Popper's reply to which philosopher?
Answer: Imre Lakatos
Question: What did general relativity do that made it tentatively acceptable when it was proposed?
Answer: explained the empirical refutations of Newton's theory
Question: In contrast to Gray, which theory did Popper argue was at least equally consistent with Newton's on the available evidence?
Answer: Einstein's theory
Question: What does Gray give an indication of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Popper seek to show was logically legitimate?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Whose theory was less well corroborated than Newton's on it's conception?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was not deemed suitable for tentative acceptance?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who wrote several decades after Gray's criticism?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: There is confusion currently as to the name of the eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop. His name has been put forth as Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic. Vinaccia. His son Antonio Vinaccia was active c. 1734 to c. 1796. An early extant example of a mandolin is one built by Antonio Vinaccia in 1759, which resides at the University of Edinburgh. Another is by Giuseppe Vinaccia, built in 1893, is also at the University of Edinburgh. The earliest extant mandolin was built in 1744 by Antonio's son, Gaetano Vinaccia. It resides in the Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
Question: What is there currently confusion over?
Answer: eldest Vinaccia luthier who first ran the shop
Question: Who is said to have ran the first shop?
Answer: Gennaro Vinaccia (active c. 1710 to c. 1788) and Nic
Question: Where does the mandolin built by Antonio Vinaccia reside?
Answer: University of Edinburgh
Question: Where does the mandolin built by Giuseppe Vinaccia reside?
Answer: University of Edinburgh
Question: Where does the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia reside?
Answer: Conservatoire Royal de Musique in Brussels, Belgium.
Question: Who was active from 1718-1780?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was active from 1743-1769?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who built an early mandolin in 1795?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who built a mandolin in 1839?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who built the earliest mandolin in 1474?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is there not currently confusion over?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is said to have ran the last shop?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the mandolin built by Antonio Vinaccia destroyed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the mandolin that Gaetano Vinaccia detroyed?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the mandolin built by Giuseppe Vinaccia destroyed?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Premier League sends representatives to UEFA's European Club Association, the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients. For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association: Arsenal, Aston Villa, Chelsea, Everton, Fulham, Liverpool, Manchester City, Manchester United, Newcastle United and Tottenham Hotspur. The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League.
Question: Who decides on how many Premeir League representatives there are for the European Club Association?
Answer: the number of clubs and the clubs themselves chosen according to UEFA coefficients.
Question: How many representatives does the Premier League have for the European Club Association for 2012-13?
Answer: For the 2012–13 season the Premier League has 10 representatives in the Association
Question: How many members does the European Club Association elect for the UEFA's Club Competitions Committee?
Answer: The European Club Association is responsible for electing three members to UEFA's Club Competitions Committee
Question: Which competitions does the Club Competitions Committee have a say in?
Answer: Club Competitions Committee, which is involved in the operations of UEFA competitions such as the Champions League and UEFA Europa League.
Question: According to what are the number of and which clubs chosen to attend the European Club Association?
Answer: UEFA coefficients
Question: How many representatives did the Premier League have in the European Club Association during the 2012-13 season?
Answer: 10
Question: How many members is the European Club Association responsible for electing to the UEFA Club Competitions Committee?
Answer: three
Question: During the 2020 season how many Premier League representatives were there in the Association?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: During which season were there 100 Premier League representatives in the Association?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: To where does the UEFA send representatives?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Representatives are sent to the Premier League by which Association?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which association is responsible for electing 10 members to the UEFA's Club Competitions Committee?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Xeer legal system also requires a certain amount of specialization of different functions within the legal framework. Thus, one can find odayal (judges), xeer boggeyaal (jurists), guurtiyaal (detectives), garxajiyaal (attorneys), murkhaatiyal (witnesses) and waranle (police officers) to enforce the law.
Question: In the Xeer system, what are judges called?
Answer: odayal
Question: What does xeer boggeyaal mean in English?
Answer: jurists
Question: What does the Xeer system call attorneys?
Answer: garxajiyaal
Question: By what term are witnesses known in the Xeer system?
Answer: murkhaatiyal
Question: What does the Xeer system call cops?
Answer: waranle |
Context: A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, but later a demand for hostelries grew with the popularity of pilgrimages and travel. The Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders.
Question: When did the Hostellers of London become a guild?
Answer: 1446
Question: In what year did the Hostellers of London change their name to the Worshipful Company of Innholders?
Answer: 1514
Question: Where did travelers early in the Middle Ages often find lodgings?
Answer: monasteries
Question: What religious activity was responsible for the growing demand for hostelries?
Answer: pilgrimages |
Context: Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.
Question: What is the Italian term for the prime minister?
Answer: president of the council of ministers
Question: What is the native term for prime minister in Scandinavia?
Answer: statsminister
Question: What does the title Satsminister refer to in Italy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is nown as the prime minister in federations?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Broadly speaking, Enlightenment science greatly valued empiricism and rational thought, and was embedded with the Enlightenment ideal of advancement and progress. The study of science, under the heading of natural philosophy, was divided into physics and a conglomerate grouping of chemistry and natural history, which included anatomy, biology, geology, mineralogy, and zoology. As with most Enlightenment views, the benefits of science were not seen universally; Rousseau criticized the sciences for distancing man from nature and not operating to make people happier. Science during the Enlightenment was dominated by scientific societies and academies, which had largely replaced universities as centres of scientific research and development. Societies and academies were also the backbone of the maturation of the scientific profession. Another important development was the popularization of science among an increasingly literate population. Philosophes introduced the public to many scientific theories, most notably through the Encyclopédie and the popularization of Newtonianism by Voltaire and Émilie du Châtelet. Some historians have marked the 18th century as a drab period in the history of science; however, the century saw significant advancements in the practice of medicine, mathematics, and physics; the development of biological taxonomy; a new understanding of magnetism and electricity; and the maturation of chemistry as a discipline, which established the foundations of modern chemistry.
Question: Anatomy, biology, geology, mineralogy, and zoology are all studies of which subject?
Answer: natural history
Question: Who criticized the sciences for distancing man from nature and not operating to make people happier?
Answer: Rousseau
Question: Who replaced universities as centres of scientific research and development during the Enlightenment?
Answer: scientific societies and academies
Question: Which century is considered by some as a "drab" period, however saw significant advancements in the practice of medicine, mathematics, and physics, the development of biological taxonomy, a new understanding of magnetism, and the maturation of chemistry as a discipline?
Answer: the 18th century
Question: Voltaire and Emilie du Chatelet populatized which scientific philosophy?
Answer: Newtonianism |
Context: The core technology used in a videoconferencing system is digital compression of audio and video streams in real time. The hardware or software that performs compression is called a codec (coder/decoder). Compression rates of up to 1:500 can be achieved. The resulting digital stream of 1s and 0s is subdivided into labeled packets, which are then transmitted through a digital network of some kind (usually ISDN or IP). The use of audio modems in the transmission line allow for the use of POTS, or the Plain Old Telephone System, in some low-speed applications, such as videotelephony, because they convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves in the audio spectrum range.
Question: What is the software that performs audio and/or video compression?
Answer: a codec (coder/decoder)
Question: How high can compression rates go?
Answer: 1:500
Question: What is one digital network through which a digital stream can be transmitted?
Answer: IP
Question: What does POTS stand for?
Answer: Plain Old Telephone System
Question: What do POTS do?
Answer: convert the digital pulses to/from analog waves
Question: What is the core digital network used in a videoconferencing system?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the low speed application that performs compression?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How high can audio modems go?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is transmitted through low speed applications of some kind?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does an ISDN convert in the audio spectrum range?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The electronic instrumentation and minimal arrangement of Charanjit Singh's Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to a Disco Beat (1982), an album of Indian ragas performed in a disco style, anticipated the sounds of acid house music, but it is not known to have had any influence on the genre prior to the album's rediscovery in the 21st century.
Question: What was the name of Charanjit Singh's 1982 album?
Answer: Synthesizing: Ten Ragas to a Disco Beat
Question: What did Singh's album contain?
Answer: Indian ragas performed in a disco style
Question: What year was synthesizing: ten ragas to a disco beat released?
Answer: 1982
Question: What sort of arrangement did Charanjit Singh use on his 1982 album?
Answer: minimal arrangement
Question: What was the name of Charanjit Singh's 1981 album?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Beat's album contains?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year was Rediscovery in the 21st Century released?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What sort of arrangement did Charanjit Singh use on his 1981 album?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is known to have influence on the Indian ragas prior to its rediscovery?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Hayek received new attention in the 1980s and 1990s with the rise of conservative governments in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada. After winning the United Kingdom general election, 1979, Margaret Thatcher appointed Keith Joseph, the director of the Hayekian Centre for Policy Studies, as her secretary of state for industry in an effort to redirect parliament's economic strategies. Likewise, David Stockman, Ronald Reagan's most influential financial official in 1981 was an acknowledged follower of Hayek.
Question: In what year was Margaret Thatcher elected Prime Minister?
Answer: 1979
Question: Whom did the Prime Minister of England choose as secretary of state?
Answer: Keith Joseph
Question: During the 80s and 90s, three major English speaking nations experienced a political shift to to what?
Answer: conservative governments
Question: What position did the British Prime Minister's secretary of state previously hold?
Answer: director of the Hayekian Centre for Policy Studies
Question: One of Hayek's supporters served which US president?
Answer: Ronald Reagan's |
Context: A Protestant baptism is held to be valid by the Catholic Church if given with the trinitarian formula and with the intent to baptize. However, as the ordination of Protestant ministers is not recognized due to the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church, all other sacraments (except marriage) performed by Protestant denominations and ministers are not recognized as valid. Therefore, Protestants desiring full communion with the Catholic Church are not re-baptized (although they are confirmed) and Protestant ministers who become Catholics may be ordained to the priesthood after a period of study.
Question: If done properly, what Protestant practice does the Catholic Church recognize?
Answer: baptism
Question: What is the only other sacrament of the Protestants that the Catholic Church recognizes?
Answer: marriage
Question: Who can become ordained to the Catholic priesthood after a period of study?
Answer: Protestant ministers who become Catholics
Question: Protestants who want full communion with the Catholic Church do not have to be what?
Answer: re-baptized
Question: Why does the Catholic Church not recognize the ordination of Protestant ministers?
Answer: the lack of apostolic succession and the disunity from Catholic Church |
Context: Google does not provide detailed figures for YouTube's running costs, and YouTube's revenues in 2007 were noted as "not material" in a regulatory filing. In June 2008, a Forbes magazine article projected the 2008 revenue at $200 million, noting progress in advertising sales. In January 2012, it was estimated that visitors to YouTube spent an average of 15 minutes a day on the site, in contrast to the four or five hours a day spent by a typical U.S. citizen watching television. In 2012, YouTube's revenue from its ads program was estimated at 3.7 billion. In 2013 it nearly doubled and estimated to hit 5.6 billion dollars according to eMarketer, others estimated 4.7 billion,
Question: How much time does the average person spend watching youtube videos each day?
Answer: 15 minutes
Question: What is the average time an American watches TV in day?
Answer: four or five hours
Question: What was youtube's estimated ads revenue in 2013?
Answer: 3.7 billion
Question: What was youtube's revenue as estimated in 2008?
Answer: $200 million
Question: Youtube's financial records are not reported by who?
Answer: Google
Question: What did Forbes project as YouTube's revenue in January 2008?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much time did visitors spend on YouTube per day in January 2013?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did YouTube's revenue from its ads program hit 3.6 billion?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did YouTube double its ad revenue to 5.7 billion dollars?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Originally, each branch and agency of the U.S. government was responsible for maintaining its own documents, which often resulted in records loss and destruction. Congress established the National Archives Establishment in 1934 to centralize federal record keeping, with the Archivist of the United States as chief administrator. The National Archives was incorporated with GSA in 1949; in 1985 it became an independent agency as NARA (National Archives and Records Administration).
Question: What year was the National Archives Establishment established in?
Answer: 1934
Question: In what year did NARA become an independent agency?
Answer: 1985
Question: In what year was The National Archives merged with GSA?
Answer: 1949
Question: What did NARA establish in 1934?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why did NARA establish the National Archives in 1934?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is the head of NARA?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What happened originally when the GSA was responsible for maintaining documents?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the chief administrator incorporated with in 1949?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Stout and porter are dark beers made using roasted malts or roast barley, and typically brewed with slow fermenting yeast. There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout, and Imperial stout. The name Porter was first used in 1721 to describe a dark brown beer popular with the street and river porters of London. This same beer later also became known as stout, though the word stout had been used as early as 1677. The history and development of stout and porter are intertwined.
Question: In what year was the name Porter first used for a dark beer?
Answer: 1721
Question: In what year was the name stout first used to describe a dark beer?
Answer: 1677
Question: What do you call a dark beer that is brewed with roasted malts or barley?
Answer: Stout and porter
Question: What type of yeast is used to make stout and porter beers?
Answer: slow fermenting yeast
Question: In what country was Porter beer popular in 1721?
Answer: London
Question: What name was first used in 1712?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What name was used as early as 1767?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are made with slow fermenting malts?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is Imperial porter a type of?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The presence of the Virgin Mary under the cross[Jn. 19:26-27] has in itself been the subject of Marian art, and well known Catholic symbolism such as the Miraculous Medal and Pope John Paul II's Coat of Arms bearing a Marian Cross. And a number of Marian devotions also involve the presence of the Virgin Mary in Calvary, e.g., Pope John Paul II stated that "Mary was united to Jesus on the Cross". Well known works of Christian art by masters such as Raphael (e.g., the Mond Crucifixion), and Caravaggio (e.g., his Entombment) depict the Virgin Mary as part of the crucifixion scene.
Question: Who was present under the cross?
Answer: Virgin Mary
Question: What symbol is popular in Marian Art?
Answer: Marian Cross
Question: Which pope claims Mary was present at Jesus' Crucifixion?
Answer: Pope John Paul II
Question: Who painted the Mond Crucifixion.
Answer: Raphael
Question: Who was responsible for the art names "His Entombment"?
Answer: Caravaggio
Question: What kind of medal did Raphael put in one of his paintings?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What pope did Caravaggio crate a portrait of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Pope John Paul II wearing in his portrait?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did Caravaggio believe Mary was united to on the cross?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What famous artist worked for Pope John Paul II?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Hellenistic age also saw a rise in the disillusionment with traditional religion. The rise of philosophy and the sciences had removed the gods from many of their traditional domains such as their role in the movement of the heavenly bodies and natural disasters. The Sophists proclaimed the centrality of humanity and agnosticism; the belief in Euhemerism (the view that the gods were simply ancient kings and heroes), became popular. The popular philosopher Epicurus promoted a view of disinterested gods living far away from the human realm in metakosmia. The apotheosis of rulers also brought the idea of divinity down to earth. While there does seem to have been a substantial decline in religiosity, this was mostly reserved for the educated classes.
Question: The Hellinistic age marked the rise in what type of religion?
Answer: traditional
Question: Who declared the centrality of humanity and agnosticism?
Answer: Sophists
Question: What is the view "that the gods were simply ancient kings and heroes" called?
Answer: Euhemerism
Question: Who thought that gods were distant and uninterested?
Answer: Epicurus
Question: Rulers brought the concept of divinity to where?
Answer: down to earth |
Context: The Roman Missal and the Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours naturally includes references to Mary's immaculate conception in the feast of the Immaculate Conception. An example is the antiphon that begins: "Tota pulchra es, Maria, et macula originalis non est in te" (You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of sin] is not in you. Your clothing is white as snow, and your face is like the sun. You are all beautiful, Mary, and the original stain [of sin] is not in you. You are the glory of Jerusalem, you are the joy of Israel, you give honour to our people. You are all beautiful, Mary.) On the basis of the original Gregorian chant music, polyphonic settings have been composed by Anton Bruckner, Pablo Casals, Maurice Duruflé, Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki, no:Ola Gjeilo, José Maurício Nunes Garcia, and Nikolaus Schapfl,
Question: What color garment is used in traditional chants to represent the purity of Mary's conception ?
Answer: Your clothing is white as snow,
Question: The rituals for the correct way to enjoy Mass is listed in what text ?
Answer: The Roman Missal
Question: What official writings give specific prayers for each hours of the day for Catholics ?
Answer: Roman Rite Liturgy of the Hours
Question: What type of melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic changes have been made by composers but are based on the works that are monophonic and unaccompanied sacred song?
Answer: polyphonic settings have been composed
Question: What include refrences to Jesus's Immaculate Conception?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: who is purified from original sin by Jesus?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Anton Bruckner compose base on the Litergy of the Hours?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In contrast, the boroughs of Xochimilco (172th), Tláhuac (177th) and Iztapalapa (183th) presented the lowest HDI values of the Federal District with values of .8481, .8473 and .8464 respectively—values still in the global high-HDI range. The only borough that did not present a high HDI was that of rural Milpa Alta which presented a "medium" HDI of .7984, far below all other boroughs (627th nationally while the rest stood in the top 200). Mexico City's HDI for the 2005 report was of .9012 (very high), and its 2010 value of .9225 (very high) or (by newer methodology) .8307, and Mexico's highest.
Question: What borough had the lowest HDI score in the federal district?
Answer: Iztapalapa
Question: Which borough had the lowest HDI score?
Answer: Milpa Alta
Question: What rank was Milpa Alta nationally in terms of HDI score?
Answer: 627th
Question: All boroughs except for Milpa Alta were in what ranking of HDI score?
Answer: top 200
Question: What score did Milpa Alta get on the HDI test?
Answer: .7984 |
Context: Following the hardliners' takeover, the September 30, 1990 elections (runoffs on October 14) were characterized by intimidation; several Popular Front candidates were jailed, two were murdered, and unabashed ballot stuffing took place even in the presence of Western observers. The election results reflected the threatening environment; out of the 350 members, 280 were Communists, with only 45 opposition candidates from the Popular Front and other non-communist groups, who together formed a Democratic Bloc ("Dembloc"). In May 1990 Mutalibov was elected Chairman of the Supreme Soviet unopposed.
Question: What party's candidates were murdered in the September 30 elections?
Answer: Popular Front
Question: How many members were from opposition parties?
Answer: 45
Question: How many total members were there?
Answer: 350
Question: Who was elected to be Chairman in May?
Answer: Mutalibov |
Context: In 2010, a genetic study was conducted on the mummified remains of baboons that were brought back as gifts from Punt by the ancient Egyptians. Led by a research team from the Egyptian Museum and the University of California, the scientists used oxygen isotope analysis to examine hairs from two baboon mummies that had been preserved in the British Museum. One of the baboons had distorted isotopic data, so the other's oxygen isotope values were compared to those of present-day baboon specimens from regions of interest. The researchers found that the mummies most closely matched modern baboon specimens in Eritrea and Ethiopia, which they suggested implied that Punt was likely a narrow region that included eastern Ethiopia and all of Eritrea.
Question: In 2010, what was conducted on mummified remains of baboons?
Answer: genetic
Question: What type of analysis did the scientists use to examine hairs from the 2 baboon mummies formerly preserved in the British Museum?
Answer: oxygen isotope analysis
Question: Who was determined to be the closest match for the baboon mummies?
Answer: modern baboon specimens in Eritrea and Ethiopia
Question: Where did the 2 baboons' mummified remains originate?
Answer: Punt
Question: Where did researchers suggest that Punt was located?
Answer: region that included eastern Ethiopia and all of Eritrea
Question: How many mummified baboons did Punt gift to the ancient Egyptians?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year were the mummified baboons transferred from Egypt to the British Museum?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many mummified baboons does the Egyptian Museum now have on display?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Scientists compared the DNA of the baboon with distorted isotopic data to what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many hairs on each baboon mummy did scientists study?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Díaz administration made political decisions and took legal measures that allowed the elite throughout Mexico to concentrate the nation's wealth by favoring monopolies. During this time, two-fifths of the state's territory was divided among 17 rich families which owned practically all of the arable land in Chihuahua. The state economy grew at a rapid pace during the Porfiriato; the economy in Chihuahua was dominated by agriculture and mining. The Díaz administration helped Governor Luis Terrazas by funding the Municipal Public Library in Chihuahua City and passing a federal initiative for the construction of the railroad from Chihuahua City to Ciudad Júarez. By 1881, the Central Mexican Railroad was completed which connected Mexico City to Ciudad Juárez. In 1883 telephone lines were installed throughout the state, allowing communication between Chihuahua City and Aldama. By 1888 the telephone services were extended from the capital to the cites of Julimes, Meoqui, and Hidalgo del Parral; the telecommunication network in the state covered an estimated 3,500 kilometers. The need of laborers to construct the extensive infrastructure projects resulted in a significant Asian immigration, mostly from China. Asian immigrants soon become integral to the state economy by opening restaurants, small grocery stores, and hotels. By the end of the Terrazas term, the state experienced an increase in commerce, mining, and banking. When the banks were nationalized, Chihuahua became the most important banking state in Mexico.
Question: The Diaz administration allowed the elite to concentrate wealth by favoring what?
Answer: monopolies
Question: Two-fifths of the state's territory was divided between how many families?
Answer: 17
Question: This state grew at a rapid pace during the Porfiriato.
Answer: Chihuahua
Question: What were installed throughout the state in 1883?
Answer: telephone lines
Question: Asian immigrants became integral to the state economy by opening what businesses?
Answer: restaurants, small grocery stores, and hotels. |
Context: The elevator motor was located at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft. Pushing the handle forward would cause the cab to rise; backwards would make it sink. The harder the pressure, the faster the elevator would move. The handle also served as a dead man switch: if the operator let go of the handle, it would return to its upright position, causing the elevator cab to stop. In time, safety interlocks would ensure that the inner and outer doors were closed before the elevator was allowed to move.
Question: Where is the elevator motor found?
Answer: at the top of the shaft or beside the bottom of the shaft
Question: Moving the helve forward causes the cab to do what?
Answer: to rise
Question: The more pressure applied to the handle caused what?
Answer: the faster the elevator would move
Question: Why was the handle considered a "dead man switch"?
Answer: if the operator let go of the handle, it would return to its upright position, causing the elevator cab to stop
Question: Eventually safety locks were used to guarantee what?
Answer: that the inner and outer doors were closed before the elevator was allowed to move |
Context: Cyberspace Support is foundational, continuous, or responsive operations ensuring information integrity and availability in, through, and from Air Force-controlled infrastructure and its interconnected analog and digital portion of the battle space. Inherent in this mission is the ability to establish, extend, secure, protect, and defend in order to sustain assigned networks and missions. This includes protection measures against supply chain components plus critical C2 networks/communications links and nuclear C2 networks. The cyberspace support mission incorporates CNE and CND techniques. It incorporates all elements of Air Force Network Operations, information transport, enterprise management, and information assurance, and is dependent on ISR and all-source intelligence.
Question: What division ensures the Air Force's information integrity and availability?
Answer: Cyberspace Support
Question: What is ability is critical in Cyberspace Supports mission?
Answer: sustain assigned networks and missions
Question: What important networks is it the function of Cyberspace support to protect?
Answer: C2 networks/communications links and nuclear C2 networks
Question: What techniques does the Cyberspace Support branch of the Air Force use?
Answer: CNE and CND |
Context: The Hoddle Grid (dimensions of 1 by 1⁄2 mile (1.61 by 0.80 km)) forms the centre of Melbourne's central business district. The grid's southern edge fronts onto the Yarra River. Office, commercial and public developments in the adjoining districts of Southbank and Docklands have made these redeveloped areas into extensions of the CBD in all but name. The city centre has a reputation for its historic and prominent lanes and arcades (most notably Block Place and Royal Arcade) which contain a variety of shops and cafés and are a byproduct of the city's layout.
Question: What are the dimensions of the Hoddle Grid?
Answer: 1 by 1⁄2 mile (1.61 by 0.80 km)
Question: Which edge of the Hoddle Grid fronts onto the Yarra River?
Answer: southern
Question: What is the name of a popular arcade located within the Hoddle Grid?
Answer: Royal Arcade |
Context: Between 10 and 17 October 1757, a Hungarian general, Count András Hadik, serving in the Austrian army, executed what may be the most famous hussar action in history. When the Prussian King Frederick was marching south with his powerful armies, the Hungarian general unexpectedly swung his force of 5,000, mostly hussars, around the Prussians and occupied part of their capital, Berlin, for one night. The city was spared for a negotiated ransom of 200,000 thalers. When Frederick heard about this humiliating occupation, he immediately sent a larger force to free the city. Hadik, however, left the city with his Hussars and safely reached the Austrian lines. Subsequently, Hadik was promoted to the rank of Marshal in the Austrian army.
Question: What Hungarian general humiliated the Prussians?
Answer: Count András Hadik
Question: What city did Hadik occupy?
Answer: occupied part of their capital, Berlin, for one night
Question: How was Berlin spared?
Answer: city was spared for a negotiated ransom of 200,000 thalers
Question: What was Frederick's response to the occupation by Hadik?
Answer: he immediately sent a larger force to free the city
Question: How did Hadik respond to the Frederick force?
Answer: Hadik, however, left the city with his Hussars and safely reached the Austrian lines |
Context: The country was historically about evenly balanced between Catholic and Protestant, with a complex patchwork of majorities over most of the country. Geneva converted to Protestantism in 1536, just before John Calvin arrived there. One canton, Appenzell, was officially divided into Catholic and Protestant sections in 1597. The larger cities and their cantons (Bern, Geneva, Lausanne, Zürich and Basel) used to be predominantly Protestant. Central Switzerland, the Valais, the Ticino, Appenzell Innerrhodes, the Jura, and Fribourg are traditionally Catholic. The Swiss Constitution of 1848, under the recent impression of the clashes of Catholic vs. Protestant cantons that culminated in the Sonderbundskrieg, consciously defines a consociational state, allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants. A 1980 initiative calling for the complete separation of church and state was rejected by 78.9% of the voters. Some traditionally Protestant cantons and cities nowadays have a slight Catholic majority, not because they were growing in members, quite the contrary, but only because since about 1970 a steadily growing minority became not affiliated with any church or other religious body (21.4% in Switzerland, 2012) especially in traditionally Protestant regions, such as Basel-City (42%), canton of Neuchâtel (38%), canton of Geneva (35%), canton of Vaud (26%), or Zürich city (city: >25%; canton: 23%).
Question: When did Geneva convert to Protestantism?
Answer: 1536
Question: How is a consociational state defined by the Constitution of 1848?
Answer: allowing the peaceful co-existence of Catholics and Protestants
Question: When was the calling for a complete separation from church and state rejected by the majority of voters?
Answer: 1980
Question: What percentage of voters rejected the separation of church and state in 1980?
Answer: 78.9% |
Context: Possessing a mezzo-soprano vocal range, Madonna has always been self-conscious about her voice, especially in comparison to her vocal idols such as Ella Fitzgerald, Prince, and Chaka Khan. Mark Bego, author of Madonna: Blonde Ambition, called her "the perfect vocalist for lighter-than-air songs", despite not being a "heavyweight talent." According to MSNBC critic Tony Sclafani, "Madonna's vocals are the key to her rock roots. Pop vocalists usually sing songs "straight," but Madonna employs subtext, irony, aggression and all sorts of vocal idiosyncrasies in the ways John Lennon and Bob Dylan did." Madonna used a bright, girlish vocal timbre in her early albums which became passé in her later works. The change was deliberate since she was constantly reminded of how the critics had once labelled her as "Minnie Mouse on helium". During the filming of Evita, Madonna had to take vocal lessons, which increased her range further. Of this experience she commented, "I studied with a vocal coach for Evita and I realized there was a whole piece of my voice I wasn't using. Before, I just believed I had a really limited range and was going to make the most of it."
Question: Madonna has which vocal range?
Answer: mezzo-soprano
Question: What was the title of Madonna's Book?
Answer: Blonde Ambition
Question: Who stated that Madonna's voice are key to her rock roots?
Answer: Tony Sclafani
Question: When did Madonna take voice lessons?
Answer: filming of Evita |
Context: Plymouth was granted the dignity of Lord Mayor by King George V in 1935. The position is elected each year by a group of six councillors. It is traditional that the position of the Lord Mayor alternates between the Conservative Party and the Labour Party annually and that the Lord Mayor chooses the Deputy Lord Mayor. Conservative councillor Dr John Mahony is the incumbent for 2015–16.
Question: What monarch bestowed the first Lord Mayor on Plymouth?
Answer: King George V
Question: How many councillors choose the Lord Mayor?
Answer: six
Question: What officeholder selects the Deputy Lord Mayor?
Answer: the Lord Mayor
Question: Who is the current Lord Mayor of Plymouth?
Answer: Dr John Mahony |
Context: The Russian Civil War was a multi-party war that occurred within the former Russian Empire after the Russian provisional government collapsed and the Soviets under the domination of the Bolshevik party assumed power, first in Petrograd (St. Petersburg) and then in other places. In the wake of the October Revolution, the old Russian Imperial Army had been demobilized; the volunteer-based Red Guard was the Bolsheviks' main military force, augmented by an armed military component of the Cheka, the Bolshevik state security apparatus. There was an instituted mandatory conscription of the rural peasantry into the Red Army. Opposition of rural Russians to Red Army conscription units was overcome by taking hostages and shooting them when necessary in order to force compliance. Former Tsarist officers were utilized as "military specialists" (voenspetsy), taking their families hostage in order to ensure loyalty. At the start of the war, three-fourths of the Red Army officer corps was composed of former Tsarist officers. By its end, 83% of all Red Army divisional and corps commanders were ex-Tsarist soldiers.
Question: Where did Soviets under the rule of the Bolshevik first assume power during the Russian Civil War?
Answer: Petrograd (St. Petersburg)
Question: In the wake of the October resolution, what happened to the Russian Imperial Army?
Answer: demobilized
Question: What was Bolshevik's main military force?
Answer: volunteer-based Red Guard
Question: How did the Red red Army overcome their foes?
Answer: by taking hostages and shooting them when necessary in order to force compliance.
Question: How were former Tsarist Officers utilized?
Answer: as "military specialists" |
Context: By 1795, Bonaparte had become engaged to Désirée Clary, daughter of François Clary. Désirée's sister Julie Clary had married Bonaparte's elder brother Joseph. In April 1795, he was assigned to the Army of the West, which was engaged in the War in the Vendée—a civil war and royalist counter-revolution in Vendée, a region in west central France on the Atlantic Ocean. As an infantry command, it was a demotion from artillery general—for which the army already had a full quota—and he pleaded poor health to avoid the posting.
Question: Who did Napoleon become engaged to in 1795?
Answer: Désirée Clary
Question: In April 1795, what military organization was Napoleon assigned to?
Answer: the Army of the West
Question: At the time of Napoleon's assignment, what military struggle was the Army of the West engaged in?
Answer: the War in the Vendée
Question: Which older brother of Napoleon's did Désirée Clary's sister Julie marry?
Answer: Joseph
Question: What excuse did Napoleon use to avoid being assigned to an infantry command?
Answer: poor health |
Context: The state has one city with a population exceeding one million: Ciudad Juárez. Ciudad Juárez is ranked eighth most populous city in the country and Chihuahua City was ranked 16th most populous in Mexico. Chihuahua (along with Baja California) is the only state in Mexico to have two cities ranked in the top 20 most populated. El Paso and Ciudad Juárez comprise one of the largest binational metropolitan areas in the world with a combined population of 2.4 million. In fact, Ciudad Juárez is one of the fastest growing cities in the world in spite of the fact that it is "the most violent zone in the world outside of declared war zones". For instance, a few years ago the Federal Reserve Bank of Dallas published that in Ciudad Juárez "the average annual growth over the 10-year period 1990–2000 was 5.3 percent. Juárez experienced much higher population growth than the state of Chihuahua and than Mexico as a whole". Chihuahua City has one of the highest literacy rates in the country at 98%; 35% of the population is aged 14 or below, 60% 15-65, and 5% over 65. The growth rate is 2.4%. The 76.5% of the population of the state of Chihuahua live in cities which makes the state one of the most urbanized in Mexico.
Question: Which city in the state exceeds one million?
Answer: Ciudad Juárez
Question: Juarez is ranked where among cities in the country?
Answer: eighth
Question: El Paso and Ciudad Juarez combine for a population of how many people?
Answer: 2.4 million
Question: What is the literacy rate in Chihuahua City?
Answer: 98%
Question: What percentage of people in Chihuahua live in cities?
Answer: 76.5% |
Context: The expansion of the Rus' put further military and economic pressure on the Khazars, depriving them of territory, tributaries, and trade. In around 890, Oleg waged an indecisive war in the lands of the lower Dniester and Dnieper rivers with the Tivertsi and the Ulichs, who were likely acting as vassals of the Magyars, blocking Rus' access to the Black Sea. In 894, the Magyars and Pechenegs were drawn into the wars between the Byzantines and the Bulgarian Empire. The Byzantines arranged for the Magyars to attack Bulgarian territory from the north, and Bulgaria in turn persuaded the Pechenegs to attack the Magyars from their rear. Boxed in, the Magyars were forced to migrate further west across the Carpathian Mountains into the Hungarian plain, depriving the Khazars of an important ally and a buffer from the Rus'. The migration of the Magyars allowed Rus' access to the Black Sea, and they soon launched excursions into Khazar territory along the sea coast, up the Don river, and into the lower Volga region. The Rus' were raiding and plundering into the Caspian Sea region from 864, with the first large-scale expedition in 913, when they extensively raided Baku, Gilan, Mazandaran and penetrated into the Caucasus.
Question: What led to Khazar having to put more strain on its military?
Answer: expansion of the Rus
Question: Who led the war on Dniester and Dnieper?
Answer: Oleg
Question: What year were the Magyars and Pechenges drug into the war?
Answer: 894
Question: What year did the Rus raid Baku, Gilan,Mazandaran, and Caucasus?
Answer: 913
Question: What led to Khazar having to put less strain on its military?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who waged a decisive war in 890?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who had a peaceful alliance with the Byzantines and Bulgarian Empires?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who arranged for Magyars to attack Bulgarian territory to the south?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was forced to migrate further east?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: This period is generally taken to coincide with a major shift in population from southern Mesopotamia toward the north. Ecologically, the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands was being compromised as a result of rising salinity. Soil salinity in this region had been long recognized as a major problem. Poorly drained irrigated soils, in an arid climate with high levels of evaporation, led to the buildup of dissolved salts in the soil, eventually reducing agricultural yields severely. During the Akkadian and Ur III phases, there was a shift from the cultivation of wheat to the more salt-tolerant barley, but this was insufficient, and during the period from 2100 BC to 1700 BC, it is estimated that the population in this area declined by nearly three fifths. This greatly upset the balance of power within the region, weakening the areas where Sumerian was spoken, and comparatively strengthening those where Akkadian was the major language. Henceforth Sumerian would remain only a literary and liturgical language, similar to the position occupied by Latin in medieval Europe.
Question: What effect was rising salinity having on the agricultural productivity of the Sumerian lands?
Answer: compromised
Question: The salinity of what in the region was long recognized as a major problem?
Answer: Soil
Question: Poorly drained irrigated soils in an arid climate with a good deal of evaporation is responsible for leaving what?
Answer: dissolved salts
Question: What did cultivation shift from to salt-tolerant barley during the Ur III phase?
Answer: wheat
Question: How much did the population of the region decline due to the decrease in crop productivity?
Answer: by nearly three fifths
Question: What shifted from the north to the south of Mesopotamia?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was increasing agricultural productivity in the area?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What crop was more salt tolerant than barley?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What caused the population to decrease between the 21st and 17th century BC?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What weakened the areas where Akkadian was spoken?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: At the request of the pope, he created an information office for prisoners of war and refugees, which in the years of its existence from 1939 until 1947 received almost ten million (9 891 497) information requests and produced over eleven million (11.293.511) answers about missing persons. Montini was several times openly attacked by Benito Mussolini's government as a politician, and meddling in politics, but each time he found powerful defenses by the Vatican. In 1944, Luigi Maglione died, and Pius XII appointed Tardini and Montini together as heads of the State Department. Montini's admiration was almost filial, when he described Pope Pius XII:
Question: In what year was the office for information for prisoners and refugees founded?
Answer: 1939
Question: How many inquiries did Mintini receive regarding missing persons ?
Answer: ten million
Question: What was Montini accused of being by the Italian government?
Answer: politician
Question: With whom did Montini feel he had a brother like connection to?
Answer: Pope Pius XII
Question: What Italian Prime Minister attacked Montini for his political stances?
Answer: Mussolini |
Context: The university houses the following public broadcasting stations: KJHK, a student-run campus radio station, KUJH-LP, an independent station that primarily broadcasts public affairs programs, and KANU, the NPR-affiliated radio station. Kansas Public Radio station KANU was one of the first public radio stations in the nation. KJHK, the campus radio has roots back to 1952 and is completely run by students.
Question: What are the call letters of the National Public Radio affiliate that broadcasts from KU?
Answer: KANU
Question: What is the name of the station operated by KU students?
Answer: KJHK
Question: When did KJHK first broadcast?
Answer: 1952
Question: What is the name of an independent radio broadcast run out of KU?
Answer: KUJH-LP
Question: What kinds of programming appear on KUJH-LP?
Answer: public affairs
Question: What are the call letters of the National Public Radio affiliate that broadcasts outside of KU?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did KJHK last broadcast?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of an dependent radio broadcast run out of KU?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kinds of programming don't appear on KUJH-LP?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In a study published in the Journal of Behavioural and Experimental Economics, and reported on in early May 2014, researchers from the University of Portsmouth in the UK discussed findings from examining the illegal downloading behavior of 6,000 Finnish people, aged seven to 84. The list of reasons for downloading given by the study respondents included money saving; the ability to access material not on general release, or before it was released; and assisting artists to avoid involvement with record companies and movie studios.
Question: What researchers conducted a study in the early part of May 2014?
Answer: University of Portsmouth
Question: How many people were part of the study?
Answer: 6,000
Question: What was the age range of people studied?
Answer: seven to 84
Question: Who did downloaders want to help by avoiding studios and record companies?
Answer: artists
Question: What researchers conducted a study in the later part of May 2014?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many people weren't part of the study?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the age range of dogs studied?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did uploaders want to help by avoiding studios and record companies?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who did downloaders want to hurt by avoiding studios and record companies?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Three years later, PAIGC won a strong parliamentary majority, with 67 of 100 seats, in the parliamentary election held in November 2008. In November 2008, President Vieira's official residence was attacked by members of the armed forces, killing a guard but leaving the president unharmed.
Question: When was the parliamentary election held?
Answer: November 2008
Question: Who won a strong majority in the election?
Answer: PAIGC
Question: How many seats did PAIGC win in the election?
Answer: 67
Question: Whose residence was attacked by members of the armed forces?
Answer: President Vieira's
Question: When did the attack on the residence occur?
Answer: November 2008 |
Context: Although the Catholics and the Orthodox may honor and venerate Mary, they do not view her as divine, nor do they worship her. Roman Catholics view Mary as subordinate to Christ, but uniquely so, in that she is seen as above all other creatures. Similarly Theologian Sergei Bulgakov wrote that the Orthodox view Mary as "superior to all created beings" and "ceaselessly pray for her intercession". However, she is not considered a "substitute for the One Mediator" who is Christ. "Let Mary be in honor, but let worship be given to the Lord", he wrote. Similarly, Catholics do not worship Mary as a divine being, but rather "hyper-venerate" her. In Roman Catholic theology, the term hyperdulia is reserved for Marian veneration, latria for the worship of God, and dulia for the veneration of other saints and angels. The definition of the three level hierarchy of latria, hyperdulia and dulia goes back to the Second Council of Nicaea in 787.
Question: What is the term used for veneration of Mary in Roman Catholic theology?
Answer: hyperdulia
Question: In what year was the hierarchy of latria, hyperdulia and dulia established?
Answer: 787
Question: Who is venerated in the Roman Catholic practice of dulia?
Answer: other saints and angels
Question: Which theologian wrote that Mary is considered to be "superior to all created beings," but is not to be the object of worhip?
Answer: Sergei Bulgakov
Question: What is the Roman Catholic term used to denote the worship of God?
Answer: latria
Question: When did the the Second Council of Nicaea begin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did the the Second Council of Nicaea end?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the Ortodox term used to denote the worship of God?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the Ortodox term reserved for Marian veneration?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did Sergei Bulgakov attend the Second Council of Nicaea?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A reward will be paid to any person who furnishes information which leads to an arrest, conviction, or revocation of a license, so long as they are not a local, state, or federal employee in the performance of official duties. The Secretary may also provide reasonable and necessary costs incurred for the care of fish, wildlife, and forest service or plant pending the violation caused by the criminal. If the balance ever exceeds $500,000 the Secretary of the Treasury is required to deposit an amount equal to the excess into the cooperative endangered species conservation fund.
Question: Is the public given incentive to report Endangered Species Act violations?
Answer: A reward will be paid to any person who furnishes information which leads to an arrest, conviction, or revocation of a license
Question: Given that a violator caused wildlife harm, who may provide financial assistance for the care of the harmed wildlife?
Answer: The Secretary
Question: Costs over what balance lead to the Secretary of the Treasury depositing money into the cooperative endangered species conservation fund?
Answer: $500,000
Question: What do local employees get if they report information that leads to an arrest?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Up to how much is the reward worth?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What must the Secretary do if the budget is below $500,000?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What three types of employees are allowed to accept a reward?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of cost does the Secretary not cover?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The parliamentary elections of 2005 aroused many accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment. The most recent elections, in February 2010, saw the ruling PDPT lose four seats in Parliament, yet still maintain a comfortable majority. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe election observers said the 2010 polling "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments" and that "these elections failed on many basic democratic standards." The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people.
Question: Why were parties upset in the 2005 election?
Answer: accusations from opposition parties and international observers that President Emomalii Rahmon corruptly manipulates the election process and unemployment
Question: What happened in the Feb 2010 election?
Answer: PDPT lose four seats in Parliament
Question: What did the OSCE say that Tajikistan did?
Answer: "failed to meet many key OSCE commitments" and that "these elections failed on many basic democratic standards."
Question: What was the Tajikistan governments response?
Answer: The government insisted that only minor violations had occurred, which would not affect the will of the Tajik people
Question: The parliamentary election of 2015 aroused many what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Accusers believed that Vice President Emomalii Rahmon did what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: The PDOT lost four seats in what election?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which polling met many key OSCE commitments?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who insisted that major violations occurred?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Glaciers end in ice caves (the Rhone Glacier), by trailing into a lake or river, or by shedding snowmelt on a meadow. Sometimes a piece of glacier will detach or break resulting in flooding, property damage and loss of life. In the 17th century about 2500 people were killed by an avalanche in a village on the French-Italian border; in the 19th century 120 homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche.
Question: What causes flooding, property damage, and loss of life?
Answer: a piece of glacier will detach or break
Question: What killed about 2500 people in the 17th century?
Answer: an avalanche
Question: How many homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche in the 19th century?
Answer: 120 homes |
Context: Schwarzenegger came out of retirement, however, to compete in the 1980 Mr. Olympia. Schwarzenegger was training for his role in Conan, and he got into such good shape because of the running, horseback riding and sword training, that he decided he wanted to win the Mr. Olympia contest one last time. He kept this plan a secret, in the event that a training accident would prevent his entry and cause him to lose face. Schwarzenegger had been hired to provide color commentary for network television, when he announced at the eleventh hour that while he was there: "Why not compete?" Schwarzenegger ended up winning the event with only seven weeks of preparation. After being declared Mr. Olympia for a seventh time, Schwarzenegger then officially retired from competition.
Question: For what Hollywood role was Schwarzenegger training in 1980?
Answer: Conan
Question: How many weeks did Schwarzenegger spend getting ready for the 1980 Mr. Olympia contest?
Answer: seven
Question: How many times did Schwarzenegger win Mr. Olympia before retiring for good?
Answer: seven |
Context: In the early 20th century, the vast conscription of Italian men from all throughout Italy during World War I is credited with facilitating the diffusion of standard Italian among less educated Italian men, as these men from various regions with various regional languages were forced to communicate with each other in a common tongue while serving in the Italian military. With the eventual spread of the radio and television throughout Italy and the establishment of public education, Italians from all regions were increasingly exposed to standard Italian, while literacy rates among all social classes improved. Today, the majority of Italians are able to speak standard Italian, though many Italians still speak their regional language regularly or as their primary day-to-day language, especially at home with family or when communicating with Italians from the same town or region. However, to some Italians, speaking a regional language, especially in a formal setting or outside of one's region, may carry a stigma or negative connotations associated with being lower class, uneducated, boorish, or overly informal.
Question: During what war did a large number of Italian men first learn standard Italian?
Answer: World War I
Question: Along with radio and public education, what invention helped to diffuse standard Italian among the Italian population?
Answer: television
Question: In modern Italy, what class of people are regional languages sometimes associated with?
Answer: lower
Question: Along with formal settings, where do some Italians avoid speaking their regional language?
Answer: outside of one's region
Question: Aside from when they're speaking to Italians from their same town or region, where is a common place where Italians speak their regional language?
Answer: at home with family
Question: What language do many Italians speak today as opposed to their regional language?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is never associated with being lower class?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is never associated with being uneducated?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is never associated with being boorish?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is never associated with being overly informal?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1816, François Magendie discovered that dogs fed only carbohydrates (sugar), fat (olive oil), and water died evidently of starvation, but dogs also fed protein survived, identifying protein as an essential dietary component. William Prout in 1827 was the first person to divide foods into carbohydrates, fat, and protein. During the 19th century, Jean-Baptiste Dumas and Justus von Liebig quarrelled over their shared belief that animals get their protein directly from plants (animal and plant protein are the same and that humans do not create organic compounds). With a reputation as the leading organic chemist of his day but with no credentials in animal physiology, Liebig grew rich making food extracts like beef bouillon and infant formula that were later found to be of questionable nutritious value. In the 1860s, Claude Bernard discovered that body fat can be synthesized from carbohydrate and protein, showing that the energy in blood glucose can be stored as fat or as glycogen.
Question: Which dietary component was not fed to dogs resulting in their death?
Answer: protein
Question: Who first began dividing foods into categories?
Answer: William Prout
Question: Who did Justus von Liebig argue with over the belief that animals get protein from plants?
Answer: Jean-Baptiste Dumas
Question: Which credientials did Liebig lack despite being a leading organic chemist?
Answer: animal physiology
Question: What can be synthesized using carbohydrates and proteins?
Answer: body fat |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.