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Context: Boston Common, located near the Financial District and Beacon Hill, is the oldest public park in the United States. Along with the adjacent Boston Public Garden, it is part of the Emerald Necklace, a string of parks designed by Frederick Law Olmsted to encircle the city. The Emerald Necklace includes Jamaica Pond, Boston's largest body of freshwater, and Franklin Park, the city's largest park and home of the Franklin Park Zoo. Another major park is the Esplanade, located along the banks of the Charles River. The Hatch Shell, an outdoor concert venue, is located adjacent to the Charles River Esplanade. Other parks are scattered throughout the city, with the major parks and beaches located near Castle Island; in Charlestown; and along the Dorchester, South Boston, and East Boston shorelines.
Question: What is the oldest public park in the US?
Answer: Boston Common
Question: Where is Boston Common located?
Answer: near the Financial District and Beacon Hill
Question: What is next to Boston Common?
Answer: Boston Public Garden
Question: The Emerald necklace is a string of what?
Answer: parks
Question: Who designed the Emerald necklace?
Answer: Frederick Law Olmsted |
Context: In 334 BC, Alexander the Great invaded the Achaemenid Empire, defeating the last Achaemenid emperor, Darius III, at the Battle of Issus. Following the premature death of Alexander, Iran came under the control of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. In the middle of the 2nd century BC, the Parthian Empire rose to become the main power in Iran, and the century-long geopolitical arch-rivalry between Romans and Parthians began, culminating in the Roman–Parthian Wars. The Parthian Empire continued as a feudal monarchy for nearly five centuries, until 224 CE, when it was succeeded by the Sassanid Empire. Together with their neighboring arch-rival, the Roman-Byzantines, they made up the world's two most dominant powers at the time, for over four centuries.
Question: Who invaded the Archaemenid Empire in 334BC?
Answer: Alexander the Great
Question: Who was the last Archaemenid Emperor at the time of its defeat by Alexander the Great?
Answer: Darius III
Question: Who controlled the Archaemenid Empire after Alexander the Great died prematurely?
Answer: the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire
Question: When did the Parthian Empire rise to become the main power in Iran?
Answer: In the middle of the 2nd century BC
Question: When did the Sassanid Empire succeed the Parthian Empire in control of Iran?
Answer: 224 CE |
Context: The top ten (eleven in season ten) toured at the end of every season. In the season twelve tour a semi-finalist who won a sing-off was also added to the tour. Kellogg's Pop-Tarts was the sponsor for the first seven seasons, and Guitar Hero was added for the season seven tour. M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies was a sponsor of the season nine tour. The season five tour was the most successful tour with gross of over $35 million.
Question: Which season of American Idol had the highest profit on its tour?
Answer: season five
Question: What company was a sponsor of the American Idol tour in its ninth season?
Answer: M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies
Question: Who was added to the tour in season 12?
Answer: a semi-finalist who won a sing-off
Question: Who sponsored the first seven tours?
Answer: Kellogg's Pop-Tarts
Question: Who sponsored the ninth tour?
Answer: M&M's Pretzel Chocolate Candies
Question: Which was the most successful tour?
Answer: season five |
Context: In Majorcan, unstressed vowels reduce to four: /a e ɛ/ follow the Eastern Catalan reduction pattern; however /o ɔ/ reduce to [o], with /u/ remaining distinct, as in Western Catalan.
Question: In what language do unstressed vowels reduce to four?
Answer: Majorcan
Question: What reduction pattern do some vowels follow?
Answer: Eastern Catalan
Question: What other pattern do other vowels follow?
Answer: Western Catalan
Question: What letter remains distinct?
Answer: /u/
Question: /u/ remaining distinct is like what form of Catalan?
Answer: Western Catalan |
Context: These limitations have caused problems. For example, before 2005, DST in Israel varied each year and was skipped some years. Windows 95 used rules correct for 1995 only, causing problems in later years. In Windows 98, Microsoft marked Israel as not having DST, forcing Israeli users to shift their computer clocks manually twice a year. The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law established predictable rules using the Jewish calendar but Windows zone files could not represent the rules' dates in a year-independent way. Partial workarounds, which mishandled older time stamps, included manually switching zone files every year and a Microsoft tool that switches zones automatically. In 2013, Israel standardized its daylight saving time according to the Gregorian calendar.
Question: What single year did Windows 95 use to apply rules to Israel's time changes?
Answer: 1995
Question: Because the schedule in Israel was always changing, what did Microsoft do with the release of Windows 98?
Answer: marked Israel as not having DST
Question: How often would Israeli users running Windows 98 need to manually adjust the time on their machines to stay current?
Answer: twice a year
Question: What law regulated the rules for time shifts in Israel according to the Jewish calendar?
Answer: The 2005 Israeli Daylight Saving Law
Question: Although the schedule in Israel became predictable after 2005, there were still problems in Windows until Israel adjusted DST to what calendar in 2013?
Answer: the Gregorian calendar |
Context: The city has started moving away from the automobile and towards mass transit. From 2004 to 2009, the annual number of unlinked public transportation trips increased by approximately 21%. In 2006, voters in King County passed proposition 2 (Transit Now) which increased bus service hours on high ridership routes and paid for five bus rapid transit lines called RapidRide. After rejecting a roads and transit measure in 2007, Seattle-area voters passed a transit only measure in 2008 to increase ST Express bus service, extend the Link Light Rail system, and expand and improve Sounder commuter rail service. A light rail line from downtown heading south to Sea-Tac Airport began service on December 19, 2009, giving the city its first rapid transit line with intermediate stations within the city limits. An extension north to the University of Washington is scheduled to open in 2016; and further extensions are planned to reach Lynnwood to the north, Des Moines to the south, and Bellevue and Redmond to the east by 2023. Former mayor Michael McGinn has supported building light rail from downtown to Ballard and West Seattle.
Question: On what type of transportation system has Seattle begun to focus?
Answer: mass transit
Question: From what kind of transportation has Seattle been moving away?
Answer: automobile
Question: What measure was passed by Seattle voters in 2006?
Answer: RapidRide
Question: By what year do plans call for the completion of a rail line to Bellevue?
Answer: 2023
Question: Which former mayor backed the expansion of rail lines from downtown to Ballard?
Answer: Michael McGinn |
Context: Although the Jewish people in general were present across a wide geographical area as described, genetic research done by Gil Atzmon of the Longevity Genes Project at Albert Einstein College of Medicine suggests "that Ashkenazim branched off from other Jews around the time of the destruction of the First Temple, 2,500 years ago ... flourished during the Roman Empire but then went through a 'severe bottleneck' as they dispersed, reducing a population of several million to just 400 families who left Northern Italy around the year 1000 for Central and eventually Eastern Europe."
Question: Researcher Gil Atzmon suggests that Ashkenazim branched off from other Jews around the time of what?
Answer: the destruction of the First Temple
Question: The destruction of the First Temple was how many years ago?
Answer: 2,500 years ago
Question: It is estimated that 400 families left Northern Italy around what year?
Answer: 1000
Question: Ashkenazi families that left Northern Italy went where?
Answer: Central and eventually Eastern Europe |
Context: In October 2006, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation was split into two entities: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which manages the endowment assets and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, which "... conducts all operations and grantmaking work, and it is the entity from which all grants are made". Also announced was the decision to "... spend all of [the Trust's] resources within 20 years after Bill's and Melinda's deaths". This would close the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust and effectively end the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. In the same announcement it was reiterated that Warren Buffett "... has stipulated that the proceeds from the Berkshire Hathaway shares he still owns at death are to be used for philanthropic purposes within 10 years after his estate has been settled".
Question: What two entities was the foundation split into in october 2016
Answer: the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation Trust, which manages the endowment assets and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Question: When must the trust resources be spent
Answer: spend all of [the Trust's] resources within 20 years after Bill's and Melinda's deaths
Question: What does warren Buffet stipulate his berkshire hathaway shares be used for in the 10 year period after his death
Answer: the proceeds from the Berkshire Hathaway shares he still owns at death are to be used for philanthropic purposes within 10 years
Question: When must shares be spent for the foundation?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When do Bill and Melinda Gates say Berkshire Hathaway shares are to be spent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In 2006 how was Berkshire Hathaway split?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How long after the estate has been settled Will the Bill and Melinda gates foundation shares be used for philanthropy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Berkshire Hathaway manage as part of the Foundation Trust?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The boreholes on Funafuti, at the site now called Darwin's Drill, are the result of drilling conducted by the Royal Society of London for the purpose of investigating the formation of coral reefs to determine whether traces of shallow water organisms could be found at depth in the coral of Pacific atolls. This investigation followed the work on The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs conducted by Charles Darwin in the Pacific. Drilling occurred in 1896, 1897 and 1898. Professor Edgeworth David of the University of Sydney was a member of the 1896 "Funafuti Coral Reef Boring Expedition of the Royal Society", under Professor William Sollas and lead the expedition in 1897. Photographers on these trips recorded people, communities, and scenes at Funafuti.
Question: What are the boreholes on Funafuti called?
Answer: Darwin's Drill
Question: What group conducted a study of coral on Funafuti?
Answer: Royal Society of London
Question: What formations was the Royal Society studying?
Answer: coral reefs
Question: Who's basic work in the area of coral reefs did the Royal Society's investigations follow?
Answer: Charles Darwin
Question: What was Darwin's work on coral reefs titled?
Answer: The Structure and Distribution of Coral Reefs |
Context: The boroughs are composed by hundreds of colonias or neighborhoods, which have no jurisdictional autonomy or representation. The Historic Center is the oldest part of the city (along with some other, formerly separate colonial towns such as Coyoacán and San Ángel), some of the buildings dating back to the 16th century. Other well-known central neighborhoods include Condesa, known for its Art Deco architecture and its restaurant scene; Colonia Roma, a beaux arts neighborhood and artistic and culinary hot-spot, the Zona Rosa, formerly the center of nightlife and restaurants, now reborn as the center of the LGBT and Korean-Mexican communities; and Tepito and La Lagunilla, known for their local working-class foklore and large flea markets. Santa María la Ribera and San Rafael are the latest neighborhoods of magnificent Porfiriato architecture seeing the first signs of gentrification.
Question: What is the oldest part of the city?
Answer: The Historic Center
Question: How old are the oldest buildings in Mexico City?
Answer: 16th century
Question: What used to be the main party district of Mexico City?
Answer: Zona Rosa
Question: What is the center of the LGBT community in Mexico City?
Answer: Art Deco architecture
Question: What district is known for its Art Deco Architecture?
Answer: Condesa |
Context: The nine largest and most renowned Technische Universitäten in Germany have formed TU9 German Institutes of Technology as community of interests. Technische Universitäten normally have faculties or departements of natural sciences and often of economics but can also have units of cultural and social sciences and arts. RWTH Aachen, TU Dresden and TU München also have a faculty of medicine associated with university hospitals (Klinikum Aachen, University Hospital Dresden, Rechts der Isar Hospital).
Question: Which department's faculty can be associated with university hospitals?
Answer: medicine
Question: How many Technische Universitäten make up the TU9 German Institutes of Technology?
Answer: nine |
Context: The combined business is expected to address the markets for scale-out architecture, converged infrastructure and private cloud computing, playing to the strengths of both EMC and Dell. Commentators have questioned the deal, with FBR Capital Markets saying that though it makes a "ton of sense" for Dell, it's a "nightmare scenario that would lack strategic synergies" for EMC. Fortune said there was a lot for Dell to like in EMC's portfolio, but "does it all add up enough to justify tens of billions of dollars for the entire package? Probably not." The Register reported the view of William Blair & Company that the merger would "blow up the current IT chess board", forcing other IT infrastructure vendors to restructure to achieve scale and vertical integration. The value of VMware stock fell 10% after the announcement, valuing the deal at around $63–64bn rather than the $67bn originally reported.
Question: What type of computing is the combined effort of EMC and Dell slated to address?
Answer: private cloud computing
Question: What organization commented on the deal between EMC and Dell?
Answer: FBR Capital Markets
Question: How much did VMware stock fall after the merger announcement?
Answer: 10%
Question: What was the original valuation of the merger?
Answer: $67bn
Question: What type of computing is the combined effort of MEC and Dell slated to address?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of computing is the combined effort of EMC and Dell slated to not address?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What organization commented on the deal between MEC and Dell?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much did VMware stock fall before the merger announcement?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was the newest valuation of the merger?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Plymouth City Council is responsible for waste management throughout the city and South West Water is responsible for sewerage. Plymouth's electricity is supplied from the National Grid and distributed to Plymouth via Western Power Distribution. On the outskirts of Plympton a combined cycle gas-powered station, the Langage Power Station, which started to produce electricity for Plymouth at the end of 2009.
Question: What body handles waste management in Plymouth?
Answer: Plymouth City Council
Question: Who oversees Plymouth's sewers?
Answer: South West Water
Question: Who distributes electricity in Plymouth?
Answer: Western Power Distribution
Question: In what year did Langage Power Station come on line?
Answer: 2009
Question: What settlement is Langage Power Station located near?
Answer: Plympton |
Context: Many of the city's buildings are in the Georgian style, although there are a number of examples of modern landmark structures, such as County Hall tower, which was, at one time the tallest building in Ireland until being superseded by another Cork City building: The Elysian. Across the river from County Hall is Ireland's longest building; built in Victorian times, Our Lady's Psychiatric Hospital has now been renovated and converted into a residential housing complex called Atkins Hall, after its architect William Atkins.
Question: What style does most of the city's architecture belong to?
Answer: Georgian
Question: WHat is the tallest building in Cork?
Answer: The Elysian
Question: What is the longest building in Cork?
Answer: Our Lady's Psychiatric Hospital
Question: What has the old Psychiatric Hospital been turned into?
Answer: Atkins Hall
Question: What is Atkin's Hall?
Answer: a residential housing complex
Question: What tower is built in the Georgian style?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Atkins Hall turned into?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was the architect of Atkins Hall?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What replaced The Elysian as Ireland's tallest building?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What tower was built by William Atkins?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What building style was a favorite of William Atkins?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Atkins Hall used to be before it was overtaken by another building?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was The Elysian converted into?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of the building that The Elysian was converted into?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 1630, Pope Urban VIII decreed their title to be Eminence (previously, it had been "illustrissimo" and "reverendissimo") and decreed that their secular rank would equate to Prince, making them secondary only to the Pope and crowned monarchs.
Question: In was year was the title decreed Eminence?
Answer: 1630
Question: Who decreed this?
Answer: Pope Urban VIII
Question: What rank did the Eminece decree assigned?
Answer: Prince
Question: Who held more power then the cardinal?
Answer: the Pope and crowned monarchs
Question: Which pope decided that being pope was equal to being a prince?
Answer: Pope Urban VIII
Question: What year did Pope Pious II decree their title to be Eminence?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did was the title of the pope before 1630?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who decreed that their secular rank would equate to king?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who held less power then the cardinal?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Lighting or illumination is the deliberate use of light to achieve a practical or aesthetic effect. Lighting includes the use of both artificial light sources like lamps and light fixtures, as well as natural illumination by capturing daylight. Daylighting (using windows, skylights, or light shelves) is sometimes used as the main source of light during daytime in buildings. This can save energy in place of using artificial lighting, which represents a major component of energy consumption in buildings. Proper lighting can enhance task performance, improve the appearance of an area, or have positive psychological effects on occupants.
Question: What is used a main source of light for a building during the day?
Answer: Daylighting
Question: What kind of effects can natural illumination have on a persons psychological?
Answer: positive
Question: Using natural illumination instead of artificial light sources help with what?
Answer: energy consumption
Question: Lamps and light fixtures are a form of what?
Answer: artificial light sources
Question: The use of light to achieve an aesthetic effect is know as?
Answer: Lighting or illumination
Question: What can be used a main source of light for a building during the day?
Answer: Daylighting
Question: Lamps and light fixtures are a form of what?
Answer: Lighting
Question: What kind of effects can proper lighting have on a persons psychologically?
Answer: positive
Question: What does using natural illumination instead of artificial lighting help with?
Answer: energy consumption
Question: What is the used to achieve a practical effect?
Answer: Lighting or illumination |
Context: After the creation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901, Norfolk Island was placed under the authority of the new Commonwealth government to be administered as an external territory. During World War II, the island became a key airbase and refuelling depot between Australia and New Zealand, and New Zealand and the Solomon Islands. The airstrip was constructed by Australian, New Zealand and United States servicemen during 1942. Since Norfolk Island fell within New Zealand's area of responsibility it was garrisoned by a New Zealand Army unit known as N Force at a large Army camp which had the capacity to house a 1,500 strong force. N Force relieved a company of the Second Australian Imperial Force. The island proved too remote to come under attack during the war and N Force left the island in February 1944.
Question: When was the Commonwealth of Australia created?
Answer: 1901
Question: During what major event did Norfolk Island become an important airbase and refuelling station?
Answer: World War II
Question: Who contructed the airbase used on Norfolk Island during World War II?
Answer: Australian, New Zealand and United States servicemen
Question: Norfolk Island fell under whose responsibility during World War II?
Answer: New Zealand
Question: When did N Force leave Norfolk Island during the time of World War II?
Answer: February 1944
Question: When was the Commonwealth of Australia hidden?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What minor event did Norfolk Island become an important airbase and refueling station during?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who removed the airbase used on Norfolk Island during World War II?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Whose responsibility did Norfolk Island avoid during World War II?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did N Force leave Norfolk Island during the time of World War I?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Historically, there has been much dispute over whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist. Ancient Greek philosophers debated the existence of a vacuum, or void, in the context of atomism, which posited void and atom as the fundamental explanatory elements of physics. Following Plato, even the abstract concept of a featureless void faced considerable skepticism: it could not be apprehended by the senses, it could not, itself, provide additional explanatory power beyond the physical volume with which it was commensurate and, by definition, it was quite literally nothing at all, which cannot rightly be said to exist. Aristotle believed that no void could occur naturally, because the denser surrounding material continuum would immediately fill any incipient rarity that might give rise to a void.
Question: What did Aristotle believe about a void?
Answer: no void could occur naturally,
Question: What was historically disputed about vacuums?
Answer: whether such a thing as a vacuum can exist.
Question: What did something that was literally nothing at all,According to Plato, mean?
Answer: cannot rightly be said to exist
Question: Aristotle thought what would fill any rarity that might give rise to a void?
Answer: denser surrounding material continuum
Question: What did Greek philosophers believe could not occur naturally?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What language was spoken by Plato?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Aristotle believe were the fundamental elements of understanding physics?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What can an atom not be understood by according to Greek philosophers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did Ancient Greek philosophers believe atoms could not do?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On the other hand, Belgian federalism is federated with three components. An affirmative resolution concerning Brussels' place in the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels. These resolutions passed against the desires of Dutch-speaking parties, who are generally in favour of a federal system with two components (i.e. the Dutch and French Communities of Belgium). However, the Flemish representatives in the Parliament of the Brussels Capital-Region voted in favour of the Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party. The chairman of the Walloon Parliament stated on July 17, 2008 that, "Brussels would take an attitude". Brussels' parliament passed the resolution on July 18, 2008:
Question: How many components does the Belgian federalism have?
Answer: three components
Question: What passed on July 18, 2007?
Answer: Brussels' parliament
Question: What are the Flemish representatives in favor for?
Answer: Brussels resolution, with the exception of one party
Question: What is Belgian Federalism?
Answer: the federal system passed in the parliaments of Wallonia and Brussels.
Question: How many components does the Belgian federalism not have?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What passed on July 18, 2007?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What didn't pass on July 18, 2008?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are the Flemish representatives not in favor of?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What isn't Belgian Federalism?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis led to an agreement with the Eurogroup in March 2013 to split the country's second largest bank, the Cyprus Popular Bank (also known as Laiki Bank), into a "bad" bank which would be wound down over time and a "good" bank which would be absorbed by the Bank of Cyprus. In return for a €10 billion bailout from the European Commission, the European Central Bank and the International Monetary Fund, often referred to as the "troika", the Cypriot government was required to impose a significant haircut on uninsured deposits, a large proportion of which were held by wealthy Russians who used Cyprus as a tax haven. Insured deposits of €100,000 or less were not affected.
Question: What did the March 2013 agreement decide?
Answer: split the country's second largest bank
Question: Who would eventually absorb the "good" bank of Cyprus Popular Bank?
Answer: Bank of Cyprus
Question: What was the amount of bailout money given to Cyprus?
Answer: €10 billion
Question: Who was using Cyprus as a tax haven?
Answer: wealthy Russians |
Context: About two thousand Roman colonists were settled there in 138 BC during the rule of consul Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico. The Roman historian Florus says that Brutus transferred the soldiers who had fought under him to that province. This was a typical Roman city in its conception, as it was located in a strategic location near the sea on a river island crossed by the Via Augusta, the imperial road that connected the province to Rome, the capital of the empire. The centre of the city was located in the present-day neighbourhood of the Plaza de la Virgen. Here was the forum and the crossing of the Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus, which remain the two main axes of the city. The Cardo corresponds to the existing Calle de Salvador, Almoina, and the Decumanus corresponds to Calle de los Caballeros.
Question: Who was the ruler of Valencia in 138 BC?
Answer: Decimus Junius Brutus Galaico
Question: How many Romans lived in Valencia in 138 BC?
Answer: two thousand
Question: What road crossed Valencia's island in Roman times?
Answer: Via Augusta
Question: What is now located at the former centre of Valencia?
Answer: Plaza de la Virgen
Question: In Roman times, what two roads met at Valencia's centre?
Answer: Cardo Maximus and the Decumanus Maximus |
Context: For reasons that remain obscure, the planet's thermosphere is at an anomalously high temperature of about 750 K. The planet is too far from the Sun for this heat to be generated by ultraviolet radiation. One candidate for a heating mechanism is atmospheric interaction with ions in the planet's magnetic field. Other candidates are gravity waves from the interior that dissipate in the atmosphere. The thermosphere contains traces of carbon dioxide and water, which may have been deposited from external sources such as meteorites and dust.
Question: What is Neptune's temperature in the thermosphere?
Answer: 750 K
Question: What would interact with Neptune's magnetic field to make it warm?
Answer: atmospheric interaction with ions
Question: Where would gravity waves in Neptune's interior dissipate?
Answer: in the atmosphere
Question: What does Neptune's thermosphere containers traces of?
Answer: carbon dioxide and water
Question: What is Uranus's temperature in the thermosphere?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What would interact with Neptune's magnetic field to make it cold?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where would gravity waves in Neptune's interior appear?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Neptune's thermosphere never contain traces of?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In accordance with tradition, they sign by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname as, for instance, "John Card(inal) Doe" or, in Latin, "Ioannes Card(inalis) Cognomen". Some writers, such as James-Charles Noonan, hold that, in the case of cardinals, the form used for signatures should be used also when referring to them in English. Official sources such as the Archdiocese of Milwaukee and Catholic News Service say that the correct form for referring to a cardinal in English is normally as "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]". This is the rule given also in stylebooks not associated with the Catholic Church. This style is also generally followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences. Oriental Patriarchs who are created Cardinals customarily use "Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis" as their full title, probably because they do not belong to the Roman clergy.
Question: The Archdiocese of Milwaukee says that the correct way to address a cardinal in English is?
Answer: "Cardinal [First name] [Surname]"
Question: What is the proper way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee?
Answer: Cardinal [First name] [Surname]
Question: How do cardinals sign traditionally?
Answer: by placing the title "Cardinal" (abbreviated Card.) after their personal name and before their surname
Question: How do Oriental Patriarchs sign?
Answer: Sanctae Ecclesiae Cardinalis
Question: Why do Oriental Patriarchs sign this way?
Answer: because they do not belong to the Roman clergy
Question: What is not the correct way to address a cardinal according to the Archdiocese of Milwaukee?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How do cardinals sign that is not in accordance with tradition?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What style is generally not followed on the websites of the Holy See and episcopal conferences?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How do English Patriarchs typically sign?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who does not belong to the French clergy?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Mutualism or interspecies reciprocal altruism is a relationship between individuals of different species where both individuals benefit. In general, only lifelong interactions involving close physical and biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic. Mutualistic relationships may be either obligate for both species, obligate for one but facultative for the other, or facultative for both. Many biologists restrict the definition of symbiosis to close mutualist relationships.
Question: What is another term for mutualism?
Answer: interspecies reciprocal altruism
Question: Of what duration are symbiotic relationships?
Answer: lifelong
Question: What is a term for a relationship between individuals of the same species where both individuals benefit?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who restricts the definition of symbiosis to indicate both obligate and facultative concurrently?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What time span involving gradual biochemical contact can properly be considered symbiotic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What must interspecies reciprocal altruism be considered to fit the the definition of symbiosis?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What mutualistic relationships fit the the definition of symbiosis?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The evidence of the early texts suggests that Siddhārtha Gautama was born in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent in the fifth century BCE. It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.
Question: According to early texts, when was Siddhārtha Gautama born?
Answer: fifth century BCE
Question: According to early texts, where was Siddhārtha Gautama born?
Answer: in a community that was on the periphery, both geographically and culturally, of the northeastern Indian subcontinent
Question: What type of community was Siddhārtha Gautama raised in?
Answer: It was either a small republic, in which case his father was an elected chieftain, or an oligarchy, in which case his father was an oligarch.
Question: Where was Siddhārtha Gautama born?
Answer: the northeastern Indian subcontinent
Question: When did Siddhārtha Gautama live?
Answer: fifth century BCE
Question: What size was Siddhārtha Gautama's birthplace?
Answer: a small republic
Question: Where did we find proof of his existence?
Answer: early texts
Question: What was most likely Siddhārtha Gautama's father?
Answer: an oligarchy
Question: Who was born in a northeastern part of India/
Answer: Siddhārtha Gautama
Question: If Siddhartha lived in a small republic, his father would have been a what?
Answer: elected chieftain |
Context: Environmental sustainability has become a mainstream issue, with profound effect on the architectural profession. Many developers, those who support the financing of buildings, have become educated to encourage the facilitation of environmentally sustainable design, rather than solutions based primarily on immediate cost. Major examples of this can be found in Passive solar building design, greener roof designs, biodegradable materials, and more attention to a structure's energy usage. This major shift in architecture has also changed architecture schools to focus more on the environment. Sustainability in architecture was pioneered by Frank Lloyd Wright, in the 1960s by Buckminster Fuller and in the 1970s by architects such as Ian McHarg and Sim Van der Ryn in the US and Brenda and Robert Vale in the UK and New Zealand. There has been an acceleration in the number of buildings which seek to meet green building sustainable design principles. Sustainable practices that were at the core of vernacular architecture increasingly provide inspiration for environmentally and socially sustainable contemporary techniques. The U.S. Green Building Council's LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) rating system has been instrumental in this.
Question: What issue has moved to the forefront in recent years?
Answer: Environmental sustainability
Question: What do architecture schools look at more and more nowadays?
Answer: the environment
Question: Who was the first to design architecture environmentally?
Answer: Frank Lloyd Wright
Question: Who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1960s?
Answer: Buckminster Fuller
Question: What organization's rating system promotes sustainability?
Answer: The U.S. Green Building Council
Question: What issue has moved to the forefront in past years?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do architecture schools look at less and less nowadays?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was the last to design architecture environmentally?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who was known for focusing on the environment in the 1970s?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What organization's rating system discourages sustainability?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: During this battle, on September 13, the 4th Division, under John A. Quitman, spearheaded the attack against Chapultepec and carried the castle. Future Confederate generals George E. Pickett and James Longstreet participated in the attack. Serving in the Mexican defense were the cadets later immortalized as Los Niños Héroes (the "Boy Heroes"). The Mexican forces fell back from Chapultepec and retreated within the city. Attacks on the Belén and San Cosme Gates came afterwards. The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo was signed in what is now the far north of the city.
Question: Who led the 4th division?
Answer: John A. Quitman
Question: What treaty was signed?
Answer: Guadalupe Hidalgo
Question: Who were the future confederate generals?
Answer: George E. Pickett and James Longstreet
Question: Who carried the castle?
Answer: the 4th Division
Question: When did the castle fall?
Answer: on September 13 |
Context: The most common way for travellers to enter the country seems to be by air. According to the website Lonely Planet, getting into Myanmar is problematic: "No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across.", and states that, "It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river." There are a small number of border crossings that allow the passage of private vehicles, such as the border between Ruili (China) to Mu-se, the border between Htee Kee (Myanmar) and Ban Phu Nam Ron (Thailand) (the most direct border between Dawei and Kanchanaburi), and the border between Myawaddy (Myanmar) and Mae Sot (Thailand). At least one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013. "From Mae Sai (Thailand) you can cross to Tachileik, but can only go as far as Kengtung. Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar."
Question: How are most visitors ushered into the city of Myanmar ?
Answer: by air
Question: Is Myanmar convenient to other countries in South East Asia ?
Answer: No bus or train service connects Myanmar with another country, nor can you travel by car or motorcycle across the border – you must walk across
Question: Are there any cruise travel destinations for Myanmar ?
Answer: It is not possible for foreigners to go to/from Myanmar by sea or river.
Question: How long have bus tours been available to tourist of Myanmar ?
Answer: one tourist company has successfully run commercial overland routes through these borders since 2013.
Question: How far are the people from Taiwan ,but not actually citizens of Taiwan, allowed to venture into the Myanmar territory ?
Answer: Those in Thailand on a visa run can cross to Kawthaung but cannot venture farther into Myanmar |
Context: Menzies called a conference of conservative parties and other groups opposed to the ruling Australian Labor Party, which met in Canberra on 13 October 1944 and again in Albury, New South Wales in December 1944. From 1942 onward Menzies had maintained his public profile with his series of "The Forgotten People" radio talks–similar to Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats" of the 1930s–in which he spoke of the middle class as the "backbone of Australia" but as nevertheless having been "taken for granted" by political parties.
Question: To what are Menzies' "Forgotten People" radio talks compared to?
Answer: Franklin D. Roosevelt's "fireside chats"
Question: How did Roosevelt refer to the middle class?
Answer: "backbone of Australia"
Question: Was the meeting at Canberra a group of people supporting or opposed to the Australian Labor Party?
Answer: opposed
Question: Where was the second anti-Labor Party held in 1944?
Answer: Albury, New South Wales
Question: To what are Menzies' "Forgotten People" political parties compared to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Was the meeting at Canberra a group of people supporting or opposed to Franklin D. Roosevelt?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was the second fireside chat held in 1944?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How did Roosevelt refer to political parties?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: From when did Roosevelt maintain his public profile with "The Forgotten People"?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: During most of the Neolithic age of Eurasia, people lived in small tribes composed of multiple bands or lineages. There is little scientific evidence of developed social stratification in most Neolithic societies; social stratification is more associated with the later Bronze Age. Although some late Eurasian Neolithic societies formed complex stratified chiefdoms or even states, states evolved in Eurasia only with the rise of metallurgy, and most Neolithic societies on the whole were relatively simple and egalitarian. Beyond Eurasia, however, states were formed during the local Neolithic in three areas, namely in the Preceramic Andes with the Norte Chico Civilization, Formative Mesoamerica and Ancient Hawaiʻi. However, most Neolithic societies were noticeably more hierarchical than the Paleolithic cultures that preceded them and hunter-gatherer cultures in general.
Question: What social groups were formed during the Neolithic age of Eurasia?
Answer: small tribes
Question: What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Bronze Age?
Answer: social stratification
Question: What type of cultures preceded Neolithic societies?
Answer: Paleolithic cultures
Question: What social groups were formed during the Neolithic age of Norte?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What cultural trend did not first appear in large amounts until the Eurasian Age?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What type of cultures preceded Norte societies?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What were more hierarchical than Norte cultures?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did states evolve in Norte?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Unicode has been criticized for failing to separately encode older and alternative forms of kanji which, critics argue, complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names. This is often due to the fact that Unicode encodes characters rather than glyphs (the visual representations of the basic character that often vary from one language to another). Unification of glyphs leads to the perception that the languages themselves, not just the basic character representation, are being merged.[clarification needed] There have been several attempts to create alternative encodings that preserve the stylistic differences between Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters in opposition to Unicode's policy of Han unification. An example of one is TRON (although it is not widely adopted in Japan, there are some users who need to handle historical Japanese text and favor it).
Question: Why has Unicode been criticized for not separately encoding forms of kanji?
Answer: complicates the processing of ancient Japanese and uncommon Japanese names
Question: What is TRON?
Answer: alternative encodings that preserve the stylistic differences between Chinese, Japanese, and Korean characters
Question: What perception does the unification of glyphs cause?
Answer: the languages themselves, not just the basic character representation, are being merged
Question: What does Unicode encode instead of characters?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are characters defined as?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What alternative has become popular in Japan?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What languages do not suffer from the unification of glyphs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are being merged alongside just the glyphs?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Migration in birds is highly labile and is believed to have developed independently in many avian lineages. While it is agreed that the behavioral and physiological adaptations necessary for migration are under genetic control, some authors have argued that no genetic change is necessary for migratory behavior to develop in a sedentary species because the genetic framework for migratory behavior exists in nearly all avian lineages. This explains the rapid appearance of migratory behavior after the most recent glacial maximum.
Question: How was migration developed?
Answer: independently
Question: What is highly labile?
Answer: Migration in birds
Question: What causes the behavioral adaptations necessary for migration?
Answer: genetic control
Question: What exists in nearly all avian lineages?
Answer: genetic framework for migratory behavior |
Context: Estonia is a dependent country in the terms of energy and energy production. In recent years many local and foreign companies have been investing in renewable energy sources.[citation needed] The importance of wind power has been increasing steadily in Estonia and currently the total amount of energy production from wind is nearly 60 MW while at the same time roughly 399 MW worth of projects are currently being developed and more than 2800 MW worth of projects are being proposed in the Lake Peipus area and the coastal areas of Hiiumaa.
Question: What lacking resource does Estonia depend on other countries for?
Answer: energy
Question: What type of energy production as many companies been investing in recent years?
Answer: renewable energy sources
Question: What energy source has been increasing in Estonia?
Answer: wind power
Question: What is total amount of energy production from wind power?
Answer: nearly 60 MW |
Context: DST has mixed effects on health. In societies with fixed work schedules it provides more afternoon sunlight for outdoor exercise. It alters sunlight exposure; whether this is beneficial depends on one's location and daily schedule, as sunlight triggers vitamin D synthesis in the skin, but overexposure can lead to skin cancer. DST may help in depression by causing individuals to rise earlier, but some argue the reverse. The Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness, chaired by blind sports magnate Gordon Gund, successfully lobbied in 1985 and 2005 for US DST extensions.
Question: What do societies with standardized work schedules have more time for because of the increase in afternoon daylight from DST?
Answer: outdoor exercise
Question: What vitamin does sunlight help the human body absorb?
Answer: vitamin D
Question: What chair of the Retinitis Pigmentosa Foundation Fighting Blindness lobbied for an extension to daylight savings in the U.S.?
Answer: Gordon Gund
Question: What cancer can be caused by too much time in the sun?
Answer: skin cancer
Question: Some people say DST can help sufferers of depression because it encourages them to do what?
Answer: rise earlier |
Context: The Kinsey scale provides a classification of sexual orientation based on the relative amounts of heterosexual and homosexual experience or psychic response in one's history at a given time. The classification scheme works such that individuals in the same category show the same balance between the heterosexual and homosexual elements in their histories. The position on the scale is based on the relation of heterosexuality to homosexuality in one's history, rather than the actual amount of overt experience or psychic response. An individual can be assigned a position on the scale in accordance with the following definitions of the points of the scale:
Question: What does the Kinsey scale provide a classification for?
Answer: sexual orientation based on the relative amounts of heterosexual and homosexual experience or psychic response in one's history at a given time.
Question: How does the classifiacation scheme work on the Kinsey scale?
Answer: such that individuals in the same category show the same balance between the heterosexual and homosexual elements in their histories
Question: What is the position on the Kinsey scale based on?
Answer: relation of heterosexuality to homosexuality in one's history
Question: What positions does the KInsey scale not use?
Answer: the actual amount of overt experience or psychic response |
Context: In the late renaissance various writers began to question the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition in a more fundamental way. In political and historical writing Niccolò Machiavelli and his friend Francesco Guicciardini initiated a new realistic style of writing. Machiavelli in particular was scornful of writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals and demanded that people should study the "effectual truth" instead. Their contemporary, Leonardo da Vinci (1452–1519) said, "If you find from your own experience that something is a fact and it contradicts what some authority has written down, then you must abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings."
Question: When was da Vinci born?
Answer: 1452
Question: When did da Vinci die?
Answer: 1519
Question: What did renaissance writers question?
Answer: the medieval and classical understanding of knowledge acquisition
Question: Who did Machiavelli disdain?
Answer: writers on politics who judged everything in comparison to mental ideals
Question: What did da Vinci advise when your experience contradicted authority?
Answer: abandon the authority and base your reasoning on your own findings
Question: When did Niccolo Machiavelli live?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who judged everything according to mental ideals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What was Leonardo da Vinci most famous for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who said you must base your reasoning on authority rather than your own findings?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was Francesco Guicciardini born?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The United States and the Soviet Union were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel, having declared recognition roughly simultaneously. The United States regards Israel as its "most reliable partner in the Middle East," based on "common democratic values, religious affinities, and security interests". Their bilateral relations are multidimensional and the United States is the principal proponent of the Arab-Israeli peace process. The United States and Israeli views differ on some issues, such as the Golan Heights, Jerusalem, and settlements. The United States has provided $68 billion in military assistance and $32 billion in grants to Israel since 1967, under the Foreign Assistance Act (period beginning 1962), more than any other country for that period until 2003.
Question: Who were the first two countries to recognize the State of Israel?
Answer: United States and the Soviet Union
Question: Who regards Israel as it's most reliable partner in the Middle East?
Answer: The United States
Question: How much did the United States provide in military assistance?
Answer: $68 billion |
Context: In the mid-1990s, Dell expanded beyond desktop computers and laptops by selling servers, starting with low-end servers. The major three providers of servers at the time were IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq, many of which were based on proprietary technology, such as IBM's Power4 microprocessors or various proprietary versions of the Unix operating system. Dell's new PowerEdge servers did not require a major investment in proprietary technologies, as they ran Microsoft Windows NT on Intel chips, and could be built cheaper than its competitors. Consequently, Dell's enterprise revenues, almost nonexistent in 1994, accounted for 13 percent of the company's total intake by 1998. Three years later, Dell passed Compaq as the top provider of Intel-based servers, with 31 percent of the market. Dell's first acquisition occurred in 1999 with the purchase of ConvergeNet Technologies for $332 million, after Dell had failed to develop an enterprise storage system in-house; ConvergeNet's elegant but complex technology did not fit in with Dell's commodity-producer business model, forcing Dell to write down the entire value of the acquisition.
Question: What decade did Dell begin to sell things other than PCs?
Answer: 1990s
Question: IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq were the major providers of what?
Answer: servers
Question: What servers did Dell create that they tried to break into the market with?
Answer: PowerEdge
Question: What year did Dell's enterprise revenue make up a large chunk of its profit?
Answer: 1998
Question: Which company did Dell exceed as a server provider?
Answer: Compaq
Question: What decade did Dell begin to buy things other than PCs?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: IBM, Hewlett Packard, and Compaq were the minor providers of what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What servers did Dell destroy that they tried to break into the market with?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did Dell's enterprise revenue make up a large chunk of its loss?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which company did Dell lag behind of as a server provider?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: After the constitutional changes of 1974, Tito began reducing his role in the day-to-day running of the state. He continued to travel abroad and receive foreign visitors, going to Beijing in 1977 and reconciling with a Chinese leadership that had once branded him a revisionist. In turn, Chairman Hua Guofeng visited Yugoslavia in 1979. In 1978, Tito traveled to the U.S. During the visit strict security was imposed in Washington, D.C. owing to protests by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups.
Question: Where did Tito travel in 1977 to reconcile with Chinese leadership?
Answer: Beijing
Question: In what year did Tito travel to China to reconcile with Chinese leadership?
Answer: 1977
Question: What Chinese leader traveled to Yugoslavia in 1979?
Answer: Chairman Hua Guofeng
Question: After the constitutional changes made in what year did Tito reduce his role in the day-to-day running of the state.
Answer: 1974
Question: In what year did Tito travel to the U.S. to visit Washington D.C., amist protest by anti-communist Croat, Serb and Albanian groups?
Answer: 1978 |
Context: Since the latewood of a growth ring is usually darker in color than the earlywood, this fact may be used in judging the density, and therefore the hardness and strength of the material. This is particularly the case with coniferous woods. In ring-porous woods the vessels of the early wood not infrequently appear on a finished surface as darker than the denser latewood, though on cross sections of heartwood the reverse is commonly true. Except in the manner just stated the color of wood is no indication of strength.
Question: Which of the wood in a growth ring is usually darker?
Answer: latewood
Question: Which property of a tree's wood that gives clues about its strength and hardness can be judged by it's color?
Answer: density
Question: What category of trees show this difference greatly?
Answer: coniferous
Question: What type of woods might sometimes appear to have darker earlywood on a finished surface?
Answer: ring-porous
Question: With the exception of earlywood/latewood difference in some types of trees, how much of an indication of strength is a wood's color?
Answer: no indication |
Context: The Federal Constitution adopted in 1848 is the legal foundation of the modern federal state. It is among the oldest constitutions in the world. A new Constitution was adopted in 1999, but did not introduce notable changes to the federal structure. It outlines basic and political rights of individuals and citizen participation in public affairs, divides the powers between the Confederation and the cantons and defines federal jurisdiction and authority. There are three main governing bodies on the federal level: the bicameral parliament (legislative), the Federal Council (executive) and the Federal Court (judicial).
Question: When was Switzerland's Federal Constitution adopted?
Answer: 1848
Question: When was a new Constitution adopted in Switzerland?
Answer: 1999
Question: How many main governing bodies are on the federal level in Switzerland?
Answer: three
Question: What is the legislative body of the Swiss government called?
Answer: bicameral parliament
Question: What is the executive body of the Swiss government called?
Answer: Federal Council |
Context: What is today the Central African Republic has been inhabited for millennia; however, the country's current borders were established by France, which ruled the country as a colony starting in the late 19th century. After gaining independence from France in 1960, the Central African Republic was ruled by a series of autocratic leaders; by the 1990s, calls for democracy led to the first multi-party democratic elections in 1993. Ange-Félix Patassé became president, but was later removed by General François Bozizé in the 2003 coup. The Central African Republic Bush War began in 2004 and, despite a peace treaty in 2007 and another in 2011, fighting broke out between various factions in December 2012, leading to ethnic and religious cleansing of the Muslim minority and massive population displacement in 2013 and 2014.
Question: Who established CAR's borders?
Answer: France
Question: What country ruled CAR as a colony?
Answer: France
Question: When did CAR become independent?
Answer: in 1960
Question: Who was the first democratically elected President?
Answer: Ange-Félix Patassé
Question: What religion is a minority in CAR?
Answer: Muslim minority
Question: When was General Francois Bozize removed in a coup?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the Ange-Felix Patasse war begin?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did the muslim minority establish in the Central Africal Republic?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: At what time did various factions begin to rule the ACR as a colony?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In what year did the ACR gain independence from General Francois Bozize?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Partly because of low sanitation coverage about 17,000 children die each year because of diarrhoea. Another challenge is low cost recovery due to water tariffs that are among the lowest in the world. This in turn requires government subsidies even for operating costs, a situation that has been aggravated by salary increases without tariff increases after the Arab Spring. Poor operation of facilities, such as water and wastewater treatment plants, as well as limited government accountability and transparency, are also issues.
Question: Because of low sanitation coverage 17,000 Egyptian children to die each year from what condition?
Answer: diarrhoea
Question: Relative to other countries of world how do Egypts's water tariffs compare?
Answer: among the lowest in the world
Question: Due to low waer tariffs, what is required to maintain water treatment operation?
Answer: government subsidies |
Context: New claims on Antarctica have been suspended since 1959 although Norway in 2015 formally defined Queen Maud Land as including the unclaimed area between it and the South Pole. Antarctica's status is regulated by the 1959 Antarctic Treaty and other related agreements, collectively called the Antarctic Treaty System. Antarctica is defined as all land and ice shelves south of 60° S for the purposes of the Treaty System. The treaty was signed by twelve countries including the Soviet Union (and later Russia), the United Kingdom, Argentina, Chile, Australia, and the United States. It set aside Antarctica as a scientific preserve, established freedom of scientific investigation and environmental protection, and banned military activity on Antarctica. This was the first arms control agreement established during the Cold War.
Question: Since what year have claims been suspended in Antarctica?
Answer: 1959
Question: What document regulates Antarctica's status?
Answer: Antarctic Treaty System
Question: What latitude is defined as being Antarctica's border?
Answer: south of 60° S
Question: How many countries signed the treaty protecting Antarctica from claims?
Answer: twelve
Question: What does the treaty set Antarctica aside as?
Answer: scientific preserve
Question: What has been suspended since 1995?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What year did Norway formally define Maud Queen Land?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What 1995 treaty is Antarctica's status regulated by?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is defined as all land and ice shelves south of 59° S?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The range is mostly located in the United States but extends into southeastern Canada, forming a zone from 100 to 300 mi (160 to 480 km) wide, running from the island of Newfoundland 1,500 mi (2,400 km) southwestward to Central Alabama in the United States.[discuss] The range covers parts of the islands of Saint Pierre and Miquelon, which comprise an overseas territory of France. The system is divided into a series of ranges, with the individual mountains averaging around 3,000 ft (910 m). The highest of the group is Mount Mitchell in North Carolina at 6,684 feet (2,037 m), which is the highest point in the United States east of the Mississippi River.
Question: What country do the Appalachian mountains extend into?
Answer: Canada
Question: How large is the zone in Canada?
Answer: 100 to 300 mi
Question: Where does it start in Canada?
Answer: Newfoundland
Question: Where does it end in the US?
Answer: Central Alabama
Question: What island is included in the range?
Answer: Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Question: How large is the mountain range in the US?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the height in feet of the lowest group of mountains?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the name of the highest point in Canada?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How long is the range in Saint Pierre and Miquelon?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How high is the tallest point in the US?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In June 1989, Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing Peter Main, said that the Famicom was present in 37% of Japan's households. By 1990, 30% of American households owned the NES, compared to 23% for all personal computers. By 1990, the NES had outsold all previously released consoles worldwide.[better source needed] The slogan for this brand was It can't be beaten. In Europe and South America, however, the NES was outsold by Sega's Master System, while the Nintendo Entertainment System was not available in the Soviet Union.
Question: In June 1989 who was Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing?
Answer: Peter Main
Question: In 1990, what percentage of American households owned an NES?
Answer: 30%
Question: What was the slogan for the Nintendo brand?
Answer: It can't be beaten
Question: What outsold the NES in Europe and South America?
Answer: Sega's Master System
Question: Where was Nintendo not available?
Answer: Soviet Union
Question: In June 1987 who was Nintendo of America's vice president of marketing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In 1990, what percentage of American households owned a SNES?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What wasn't the slogan for the Nintendo brand?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What outsold the NES in Europe and South Africa?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Where was Nintendo always available?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Hitler's interest in this strategy forced Göring and Jeschonnek to review the air war against Britain in January 1941. This led to Göring and Jeschonnek agreeing to Hitler's Directive 23, Directions for operations against the British War Economy, which was published on 6 February 1941 and gave aerial interdiction of British imports by sea top priority. This strategy had been recognised before the war, but Operation Eagle Attack and the following Battle of Britain had got in the way of striking at Britain's sea communications and diverted German air strength to the campaign against the RAF and its supporting structures. The OKL had always regarded the interdiction of sea communications of less importance than bombing land-based aircraft industries.
Question: What was Hitler's Directive 23?
Answer: Directions for operations against the British War Economy
Question: What was a top priority of Directive 23?
Answer: aerial interdiction of British imports by sea
Question: What prevented the targeting of sea communications before?
Answer: Operation Eagle Attack and the following Battle of Britain
Question: What was considered more important than the interdiction of sea communications?
Answer: bombing land-based aircraft industries |
Context: Some advocates for Tibet, Darfur, and the spiritual practice Falun Gong, planned to protest the April 9 arrival of the torch in San Francisco. China had already requested the torch route in San Francisco be shortened. On April 7, 2008, two days prior to the actual torch relay, three activists carrying Tibetan flags scaled the suspension cables of the Golden Gate Bridge to unfurl two banners, one saying "One World, One Dream. Free Tibet", and the other, "Free Tibet '08". Among them was San Francisco resident Laurel Sutherlin, who spoke to the local TV station KPIX-CBS5 live from a cellphone, urging the International Olympic Committee to ask China not to allow the torch to go through Tibet. "Sutherlin said he was worried that the torch's planned route through Tibet would lead to more arrests and Chinese officials would use force to stifle dissent." The three activists and five supporters face charges related to trespassing, conspiracy and causing a public nuisance.
Question: Three protester climbed what to hang two banners on April 7, 2008?
Answer: Golden Gate Bridge
Question: Laurel Sutherlin spoke to which TV station about his concerns?
Answer: KPIX-CBS5
Question: Who asked that the San Francisco relay route be shortened?
Answer: China
Question: What famous bridge had two banners hung from it by protesters?
Answer: Golden Gate Bridge
Question: Who spoke to station KPIX-CBS5 about the bridge banner protests?
Answer: Laurel Sutherlin
Question: How many supporters face charges for the bridge stunt?
Answer: five
Question: How many activists may be charged with crimes for the bridge stunt?
Answer: three |
Context: As in arthropods, each muscle fiber (cell) is controlled by more than one neuron, and the speed and power of the fiber's contractions depends on the combined effects of all its neurons. Vertebrates have a different system, in which one neuron controls a group of muscle fibers. Most annelids' longitudinal nerve trunks include giant axons (the output signal lines of nerve cells). Their large diameter decreases their resistance, which allows them to transmit signals exceptionally fast. This enables these worms to withdraw rapidly from danger by shortening their bodies. Experiments have shown that cutting the giant axons prevents this escape response but does not affect normal movement.
Question: What species group are annelids' muscle control similar to?
Answer: arthropods
Question: What are giant axons?
Answer: the output signal lines of nerve cells
Question: How do annelids withdraw from danger?
Answer: shortening their bodies
Question: What species group are annelids' mind control similar to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do giant axons destroy?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How do annelids increase danger?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What worms are very slow to retreat from danger?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On December 13, 2013, Beyoncé unexpectedly released her eponymous fifth studio album on the iTunes Store without any prior announcement or promotion. The album debuted atop the Billboard 200 chart, giving Beyoncé her fifth consecutive number-one album in the US. This made her the first woman in the chart's history to have her first five studio albums debut at number one. Beyoncé received critical acclaim and commercial success, selling one million digital copies worldwide in six days; The New York Times noted the album's unconventional, unexpected release as significant. Musically an electro-R&B album, it concerns darker themes previously unexplored in her work, such as "bulimia, postnatal depression [and] the fears and insecurities of marriage and motherhood". The single "Drunk in Love", featuring Jay Z, peaked at number two on the Billboard Hot 100 chart. In April 2014, after much speculation in the weeks before, Beyoncé and Jay Z officially announced their On the Run Tour. It served as the couple's first co-headlining stadium tour together. On August 24, 2014, she received the Video Vanguard Award at the 2014 MTV Video Music Awards. Knowles also took home three competitive awards: Best Video with a Social Message and Best Cinematography for "Pretty Hurts", as well as best collaboration for "Drunk in Love". In November, Forbes reported that Beyoncé was the top-earning woman in music for the second year in a row—earning $115 million in the year, more than double her earnings in 2013. Beyoncé was reissued with new material in three forms: as an extended play, a box set, as well as a full platinum edition.
Question: Where did Beyonce release her 5th album to a huge surprise?
Answer: the iTunes Store
Question: When did Beyonce get her fifth consecutive number one hit album?
Answer: December 13, 2013
Question: Where was the album released?
Answer: the iTunes Store
Question: Who joined Beyonce on her On The Run Tour?
Answer: Jay Z
Question: Who reported Beyonce to e the top earning woman in music?
Answer: Forbes
Question: How much more were her earnings that the year before?
Answer: more than double her earnings
Question: When did Beyoncé release her fifth studio album?
Answer: December 13, 2013
Question: How many digital copies of her fifth album did Beyoncé sell in six days?
Answer: one million
Question: What song on Beyoncé's fifth studio album featured her husband?
Answer: Drunk in Love
Question: What was the name of the tour featuring both Beyoncé and Jay Z?
Answer: On the Run Tour. |
Context: In higher education, Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding degrees in engineering. Historically there were two Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north:
Question: What term in higher education refers to technical universities that award engineering degrees?
Answer: Politecnico
Question: Traditionally, how many Politecnici were there?
Answer: two |
Context: Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport is the busiest airport in the state of Montana, surpassing Billings Logan International Airport in the spring of 2013. Montana's other major Airports include Billings Logan International Airport, Missoula International Airport, Great Falls International Airport, Glacier Park International Airport, Helena Regional Airport, Bert Mooney Airport and Yellowstone Airport. Eight smaller communities have airports designated for commercial service under the Essential Air Service program.
Question: What is the name of the busiest airport in Montana?
Answer: Bozeman Yellowstone International Airport
Question: When did Bozeman Airport surpass Billings Logan as the largest busiest in Montana?
Answer: 2013 |
Context: Jewish communities were expelled from England in 1290 and from France in 1306. Although some were allowed back into France, most were not, and many Jews emigrated eastwards, settling in Poland and Hungary. The Jews were expelled from Spain in 1492, and dispersed to Turkey, France, Italy, and Holland. The rise of banking in Italy during the 13th century continued throughout the 14th century, fuelled partly by the increasing warfare of the period and the needs of the papacy to move money between kingdoms. Many banking firms loaned money to royalty, at great risk, as some were bankrupted when kings defaulted on their loans.[AE]
Question: In what year were the Jews expelled from England?
Answer: 1290
Question: What year saw the expulsion of the French Jewish community?
Answer: 1306
Question: Along with Hungary, where did many expelled French Jews relocate to?
Answer: Poland
Question: In what year were Jews kicked out of Spain?
Answer: 1492
Question: Along with Turkey, France and Italy, where did expelled Spanish Jews travel to?
Answer: Holland |
Context: Throughout their history, Slavs came into contact with non-Slavic groups. In the postulated homeland region (present-day Ukraine), they had contacts with the Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths. After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating non-Slavic peoples. For example, in the Balkans, there were Paleo-Balkan peoples, such as Romanized and Hellenized (Jireček Line) Illyrians, Thracians and Dacians, as well as Greeks and Celtic Scordisci. Over time, due to the larger number of Slavs, most descendants of the indigenous populations of the Balkans were Slavicized. The Thracians and Illyrians vanished from the population during this period – although the modern Albanian nation claims descent from the Illyrians. Exceptions are Greece, where the lesser numbered Slavs scattered there came to be Hellenized (aided in time by more Greeks returning to Greece in the 9th century and the role of the church and administration) and Romania where Slavic people settled en route for present-day Greece, Republic of Macedonia, Bulgaria and East Thrace whereby the Slavic population had come to assimilate. Bulgars were also assimilated by local Slavs but their ruling status and subsequent land cast the nominal legacy of Bulgarian country and people onto all future generations. The Romance speakers within the fortified Dalmatian cities managed to retain their culture and language for a long time, as Dalmatian Romance was spoken until the high Middle Ages. However, they too were eventually assimilated into the body of Slavs.
Question: What is the posulated homeland region of the Slavs?
Answer: Ukraine
Question: Who did the Slavs have contact with in Ukraine?
Answer: Iranic Sarmatians and the Germanic Goths
Question: After their subsequent spread, they began assimilating who?
Answer: non-Slavic peoples
Question: What peoples where in the Balkans?
Answer: Paleo-Balkan peoples
Question: Who vanished from the population of the Balkans?
Answer: The Thracians and Illyrians
Question: What non-Slavic groups are in present-day Ukraine?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What modern nation claims to descend from Thracians?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When were Slavs Hellenized?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What features of the Republic of Macedonia helped pass on its legacy to future generations?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When did Dalmatian Romance assimilate the Slavs?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: 1762 brought two new countries into the war. Britain declared war against Spain on 4 January 1762; Spain reacted by issuing their own declaration of war against Britain on 18 January. Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side. Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida. The arrival of British reinforcements stalled a further Spanish advance, and the Battle of Valencia de Alcántara saw British-Portuguese forces overrun a major Spanish supply base. The invaders were stopped on the heights in front of Abrantes (called the pass to Lisbon) where the Anglo-Portuguese were entrenched. Eventually the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain, recovering almost all the lost towns, among them the Spanish headquarters in Castelo Branco full of wounded and sick that had been left behind.
Question: Identify a new country that joined the war in 1762?
Answer: Spain
Question: Identify a second new country that joined the war in 1762?
Answer: Portugal
Question: Was Portugal on the side of France or Britain?
Answer: Portugal followed by joining the war on Britain's side
Question: What city was captured in the first Spain-Portugal conflict?
Answer: . Spain, aided by the French, launched an invasion of Portugal and succeeded in capturing Almeida
Question: Britain sent troops to aid Portugal. What was the result?
Answer: the Anglo-Portuguese army, aided by guerrillas and practicing a scorched earth strategy, chased the greatly reduced Franco-Spanish army back to Spain |
Context: The Tuvaluan language and English are the national languages of Tuvalu. Tuvaluan is of the Ellicean group of Polynesian languages, distantly related to all other Polynesian languages such as Hawaiian, Māori, Tahitian, Samoan and Tongan. It is most closely related to the languages spoken on the Polynesian outliers in Micronesia and northern and central Melanesia. The language has borrowed from the Samoan language, as a consequence of Christian missionaries in the late 19th and early 20th centuries being predominantly Samoan.
Question: Besides English, what is the national language of Tuvalu?
Answer: Tuvaluan
Question: What is the language group of the Tuvaluan language?
Answer: Ellicean group
Question: What other languages is the Tuvaluan language related?
Answer: Polynesian
Question: To what area's language is Tuvaluan closely related?
Answer: Micronesia
Question: From what language does Tuvaluan borrow many linguistic traits?
Answer: Samoan |
Context: The Treaty of Hubertusburg, between Austria, Prussia, and Saxony, was signed on February 15, 1763, at a hunting lodge between Dresden and Leipzig. Negotiations had started there on December 31, 1762. Frederick, who had considered ceding East Prussia to Russia if Peter III helped him secure Saxony, finally insisted on excluding Russia (in fact, no longer a belligerent) from the negotiations. At the same time, he refused to evacuate Saxony until its elector had renounced any claim to reparation. The Austrians wanted at least to retain Glatz, which they had in fact reconquered, but Frederick would not allow it. The treaty simply restored the status quo of 1748, with Silesia and Glatz reverting to Frederick and Saxony to its own elector. The only concession that Prussia made to Austria was to consent to the election of Archduke Joseph as Holy Roman emperor.
Question: Where was the Treaty of Hubertusburg signed?
Answer: at a hunting lodge between Dresden and Leipzig.
Question: Who were the parties in the Treaty of Hubertusburg?
Answer: Austria, Prussia, and Saxony
Question: What country made gains in the Treaty of Hubertusburg?
Answer: The treaty simply restored the status quo of 1748
Question: What did Austrian want in the Treaty of Hubertusburg
Answer: The Austrians wanted at least to retain Glatz
Question: Did the Austrians retain Glatz?
Answer: Frederick would not allow it |
Context: Program execution might be likened to reading a book. While a person will normally read each word and line in sequence, they may at times jump back to an earlier place in the text or skip sections that are not of interest. Similarly, a computer may sometimes go back and repeat the instructions in some section of the program over and over again until some internal condition is met. This is called the flow of control within the program and it is what allows the computer to perform tasks repeatedly without human intervention.
Question: When a computer goes back and repeats instructions of a program over until an internal condition is met is called what?
Answer: the flow of control
Question: What allows a computer to perform repetitive tasks without human intervening?
Answer: the flow of control |
Context: The strongest element of style noted by critics and reviewers is Lee's talent for narration, which in an early review in Time was called "tactile brilliance". Writing a decade later, another scholar noted, "Harper Lee has a remarkable gift of story-telling. Her art is visual, and with cinematographic fluidity and subtlety we see a scene melting into another scene without jolts of transition." Lee combines the narrator's voice of a child observing her surroundings with a grown woman's reflecting on her childhood, using the ambiguity of this voice combined with the narrative technique of flashback to play intricately with perspectives. This narrative method allows Lee to tell a "delightfully deceptive" story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition. However, at times the blending causes reviewers to question Scout's preternatural vocabulary and depth of understanding. Both Harding LeMay and the novelist and literary critic Granville Hicks expressed doubt that children as sheltered as Scout and Jem could understand the complexities and horrors involved in the trial for Tom Robinson's life.
Question: What is Lee's strongest style of writing?
Answer: narration
Question: What narrative technique does Lee use to combine the adult's perspective with the child's observations??
Answer: flashback |
Context: Domestic dogs have been selectively bred for millennia for various behaviors, sensory capabilities, and physical attributes. Modern dog breeds show more variation in size, appearance, and behavior than any other domestic animal. Dogs are predators and scavengers, and like many other predatory mammals, the dog has powerful muscles, fused wrist bones, a cardiovascular system that supports both sprinting and endurance, and teeth for catching and tearing.
Question: What species shows more difference in size, looks and actions than any other?
Answer: Modern dog breeds
Question: What are dog teeth best suited for?
Answer: catching and tearing.
Question: Dogs are considered to be predators and what else?
Answer: scavengers
Question: What bones in dog legs are fused?
Answer: wrist
Question: A dog's heart and vascular ability if best suited for sprinting and what else?
Answer: endurance
Question: What are a dog's teeth mainly used for?
Answer: catching and tearing
Question: Dogs originated as predators and what?
Answer: scavengers |
Context: During a visit in 1885 English journalist George Augustus Henry Sala coined the phrase "Marvellous Melbourne", which stuck long into the twentieth century and is still used today by Melburnians. Growing building activity culminated in a "land boom" which, in 1888, reached a peak of speculative development fuelled by consumer confidence and escalating land value. As a result of the boom, large commercial buildings, coffee palaces, terrace housing and palatial mansions proliferated in the city. The establishment of a hydraulic facility in 1887 allowed for the local manufacture of elevators, resulting in the first construction of high-rise buildings; most notably the APA Building, amongst the world's tallest commercial buildings upon completion in 1889. This period also saw the expansion of a major radial rail-based transport network.
Question: Which phrase was coined by George Augustus Henry Sala during a visit to Melbourne in 1885?
Answer: Marvellous Melbourne
Question: In what year did the land boom reach its peak of development?
Answer: 1888
Question: In what year was a hydraulic facility established?
Answer: 1887
Question: In what year was the APA Building completed?
Answer: 1889
Question: What did Melbourne's hydraulic facilities help create that spurred high-rise developments?
Answer: elevators |
Context: The commercial rivalry between RCA Victor and Columbia Records led to RCA Victor's introduction of what it had intended to be a competing vinyl format, the 7-inch (175 mm) 45 rpm disc. For a two-year period from 1948 to 1950, record companies and consumers faced uncertainty over which of these formats would ultimately prevail in what was known as the "War of the Speeds". (See also format war.) In 1949 Capitol and Decca adopted the new LP format and RCA gave in and issued its first LP in January 1950. The 45 rpm size was gaining in popularity, too, and Columbia issued its first 45s in February 1951. By 1954, 200 million 45s had been sold.
Question: Which two companies were involved in the "War of the Speeds"?
Answer: RCA Victor and Columbia Records
Question: Over which years did the "War of the Speeds" last?
Answer: 1948 to 1950
Question: Which company lost the "War of the Speeds"?
Answer: RCA
Question: What speed ultimantly ended up winning the war of the speeds?
Answer: 45 rpm
Question: By 1945 what was the total sale of 45s?
Answer: 200 million |
Context: In 1897, Frank Shuman, a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer built a small demonstration solar engine that worked by reflecting solar energy onto square boxes filled with ether, which has a lower boiling point than water, and were fitted internally with black pipes which in turn powered a steam engine. In 1908 Shuman formed the Sun Power Company with the intent of building larger solar power plants. He, along with his technical advisor A.S.E. Ackermann and British physicist Sir Charles Vernon Boys, developed an improved system using mirrors to reflect solar energy upon collector boxes, increasing heating capacity to the extent that water could now be used instead of ether. Shuman then constructed a full-scale steam engine powered by low-pressure water, enabling him to patent the entire solar engine system by 1912.
Question: What was the name of the inventor who built a solar engine in 1897?
Answer: Frank Shuman
Question: In what year was the Sun Power Company formed?
Answer: 1908
Question: Shuman patented his solar engine system in what year?
Answer: 1912
Question: Who is Frank Shuman?
Answer: a U.S. inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer
Question: In what year did solar engine build his solar engine?
Answer: 1897
Question: What was the solar engine used to power?
Answer: steam engine
Question: In what year was the Sun Power Company established?
Answer: 1908
Question: In what year did Frank Shuman patent his solar engine?
Answer: 1912 |
Context: At the time of the Berlin Conference, Africa contained one-fifth of the world’s population living in one-quarter of the world’s land area. However, from Europe's perspective, they were dividing an unknown continent. European countries established a few coastal colonies in Africa by the mid-nineteenth century, which included Cape Colony (Great Britain), Angola (Portugal), and Algeria (France), but until the late nineteenth century Europe largely traded with free African states without feeling the need for territorial possession. Until the 1880s most of Africa remained unchartered, with western maps from the period generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior.
Question: What percent of the worlds population did Africa posses at the Berlin Conference?
Answer: one-fifth
Question: What was Europe's perspective o Africa containing one-fifth of the worlds population?
Answer: they were dividing an unknown continent.
Question: When did European countries establish colonies in Africa?
Answer: the mid-nineteenth century,
Question: Europe did not feel the need to posses territory in Africa until?
Answer: 1880s
Question: How did maps show Africa Before 1880?
Answer: generally showing blank spaces for the continent’s interior. |
Context: New Haven has a history of professional sports franchises dating back to the 19th century and has been the home to professional baseball, basketball, football, hockey, and soccer teams—including the New York Giants of the National Football League from 1973 to 1974, who played at the Yale Bowl. Throughout the second half of the 20th century, New Haven consistently had minor league hockey and baseball teams, which played at the New Haven Arena (built in 1926, demolished in 1972), New Haven Coliseum (1972–2002), and Yale Field (1928–present).
Question: What NFL team played at the Yale Bowl from 1973-1974?
Answer: New York Giants
Question: In what year was the New Haven Arena demolished?
Answer: 1972
Question: At what currently defunct New Haven venues did minor league hockey and baseball teams play throughout the latter half of the 20th century?
Answer: New Haven Arena (built in 1926, demolished in 1972), New Haven Coliseum (1972–2002)
Question: In what year was Yale field established in New Haven?
Answer: 1928
Question: The city of New Haven has been known for it various sport teams for how long?
Answer: 19th century
Question: What famous NFL team played in New Haven own stadium in the 70s?
Answer: New York Giants
Question: The city has couple of sport stadium which one of them was torn down in 20th century?
Answer: New Haven Arena
Question: In modern day which of the stadiums have continue to host minor sport leagues?
Answer: Yale Field
Question: How long has Yale Field been open and active?
Answer: 1928–present |
Context: Pantheism holds that God is the universe and the universe is God, whereas Panentheism holds that God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe. It is also the view of the Liberal Catholic Church; Theosophy; some views of Hinduism except Vaishnavism, which believes in panentheism; Sikhism; some divisions of Neopaganism and Taoism, along with many varying denominations and individuals within denominations. Kabbalah, Jewish mysticism, paints a pantheistic/panentheistic view of God—which has wide acceptance in Hasidic Judaism, particularly from their founder The Baal Shem Tov—but only as an addition to the Jewish view of a personal god, not in the original pantheistic sense that denies or limits persona to God.[citation needed]
Question: What is Pantheism?
Answer: God is the universe and the universe is God
Question: WHat is Panentheism?
Answer: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe
Question: WHat is Kabbalah?
Answer: Jewish mysticism
Question: Who is the founder of Hasidic Judaism?
Answer: The Baal Shem Tov
Question: Who was the founder of Hasidic Judaism?
Answer: The Baal Shem Tov
Question: What is Panentheism?
Answer: God contains, but is not identical to, the Universe
Question: What from of Hinduism does not believe in panentheism?
Answer: Vaishnavism
Question: What is another name for Jewish mysticism?
Answer: Kabbalah
Question: What is pantheism?
Answer: God is the universe
Question: In Panentheism what is God identical to?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What does Baal Shem Tov believe if God is the universe?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is the founder of the Liberal Catholic Church?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What group does Vaishnavism have acceptance in as part of Jewish mysticism?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is another name for Vaishnavism?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Most residents belong to the Anglican Communion and are members of the Diocese of St Helena, which has its own bishop and includes Ascension Island. The 150th anniversary of the diocese was celebrated in June 2009.
Question: What communion do most residents of the island belong to?
Answer: Anglican
Question: When was the 150th anniversary of the diocese celebrated?
Answer: June 2009
Question: Not only are most residents of the island members of the Anglican communion, but what else?
Answer: the Diocese of St Helena
Question: The Diocese of Saint Helena has it's own what?
Answer: bishop |
Context: The son of Murad II, Mehmed the Conqueror, reorganized the state and the military, and conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. Mehmed allowed the Orthodox Church to maintain its autonomy and land in exchange for accepting Ottoman authority. Because of bad relations between the states of western Europe and the later Byzantine Empire, the majority of the Orthodox population accepted Ottoman rule as preferable to Venetian rule. Albanian resistance was a major obstacle to Ottoman expansion on the Italian peninsula.
Question: Who was the son of Murad II?
Answer: Mehmed the Conqueror
Question: What city was conquered on 29 May 1453?
Answer: Constantinople
Question: What did the Orthodox Church get to keep in exchange for accepting the authority of the Ottoman empire?
Answer: its autonomy and land
Question: The Orthodox population of Constantinople preferred Ottoman rule instead of what?
Answer: Venetian rule
Question: What was the main obstacle to the expansion of the Ottoman empire into the peninsula of Italy??
Answer: Albanian resistance |
Context: The word gene is derived (via pangene) from the Ancient Greek word γένος (génos) meaning "race, offspring". Gene was coined in 1909 by Danish botanist Wilhelm Johannsen to describe the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity, while the related word genetics was first used by William Bateson in 1905.
Question: What ancient Greek word is the word 'gene' derived from?
Answer: γένος (génos)
Question: What does the ancient Greek word 'génos' mean?
Answer: "race, offspring"
Question: What Danish botanist coined the word 'gene'?
Answer: Wilhelm Johannsen
Question: What was the word 'gene' used to describe in 1909?
Answer: the fundamental physical and functional unit of heredity
Question: Who first used the word 'genetics' in 1905?
Answer: William Bateson |
Context: Biological anthropologists are interested in both human variation and in the possibility of human universals (behaviors, ideas or concepts shared by virtually all human cultures). They use many different methods of study, but modern population genetics, participant observation and other techniques often take anthropologists "into the field," which means traveling to a community in its own setting, to do something called "fieldwork." On the biological or physical side, human measurements, genetic samples, nutritional data may be gathered and published as articles or monographs.
Question: What type of anthropologist is interested in human variation?
Answer: Biological
Question: What would an idea shared by virtually all human cultures be considered?
Answer: human universals
Question: Where can participant observation take an anthropologist?
Answer: into the field
Question: To be able to do fieldwork, an anthropologist must first travel to what?
Answer: a community in its own setting
Question: Articles can published once what type of samples have been taken?
Answer: genetic
Question: Who are interested in human variations and similarities to other organisms?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are ideas shared by the dominite culture?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of observations are made in and artificial environment?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What kind of work do anthropologists do with communities in a lab setting?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: East Tucson is relatively new compared to other parts of the city, developed between the 1950s and the 1970s,[citation needed] with developments such as Desert Palms Park. It is generally classified as the area of the city east of Swan Road, with above-average real estate values relative to the rest of the city. The area includes urban and suburban development near the Rincon Mountains. East Tucson includes Saguaro National Park East. Tucson's "Restaurant Row" is also located on the east side, along with a significant corporate and financial presence. Restaurant Row is sandwiched by three of Tucson's storied Neighborhoods: Harold Bell Wright Estates, named after the famous author's ranch which occupied some of that area prior to the depression; the Tucson Country Club (the third to bear the name Tucson Country Club), and the Dorado Country Club. Tucson's largest office building is 5151 East Broadway in east Tucson, completed in 1975. The first phases of Williams Centre, a mixed-use, master-planned development on Broadway near Craycroft Road, were opened in 1987. Park Place, a recently renovated shopping center, is also located along Broadway (west of Wilmot Road).
Question: What park was developed between the 1950's and 1970's?
Answer: Desert Palms Park
Question: What park is in East Tuscon?
Answer: Saguaro National Park East
Question: Which estates were named after a ranch of a famous author?
Answer: Harold Bell Wright Estates
Question: What year was Tuscon's largest office building built?
Answer: 1975
Question: What shopping center is located along Broadway?
Answer: Park Place
Question: What part of Tucson is Saguaro National Park East in?
Answer: East
Question: When was East Tucson developed?
Answer: between the 1950s and the 1970s
Question: What is the boundary of East Tucson?
Answer: Swan Road
Question: What is the biggest office building in Tucson?
Answer: 5151 East Broadway
Question: Where is Park Place?
Answer: along Broadway (west of Wilmot Road) |
Context: While the book was readable enough to sell, its dryness ensured that it was seen as aimed at specialist scientists and could not be dismissed as mere journalism or imaginative fiction. Unlike the still-popular Vestiges, it avoided the narrative style of the historical novel and cosmological speculation, though the closing sentence clearly hinted at cosmic progression. Darwin had long been immersed in the literary forms and practices of specialist science, and made effective use of his skills in structuring arguments. David Quammen has described the book as written in everyday language for a wide audience, but noted that Darwin's literary style was uneven: in some places he used convoluted sentences that are difficult to read, while in other places his writing was beautiful. Quammen advised that later editions were weakened by Darwin making concessions and adding details to address his critics, and recommended the first edition. James T. Costa said that because the book was an abstract produced in haste in response to Wallace's essay, it was more approachable than the big book on natural selection Darwin had been working on, which would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail. He added that some parts of Origin are dense, but other parts are almost lyrical, and the case studies and observations are presented in a narrative style unusual in serious scientific books, which broadened its audience.
Question: What element of On the Origin of Species ensured that the book would be taken seriously by scientists?
Answer: its dryness ensured that it was seen as aimed at specialist scientists and could not be dismissed as mere journalism or imaginative fiction.
Question: What did On Origin of Species avoid in order to raise its chance of being taken seriously?
Answer: it avoided the narrative style of the historical novel and cosmological speculation
Question: What reason did David Quammen believe that On the Origin of Species was weakened in later editions?
Answer: Darwin making concessions and adding details to address his critics
Question: Why did James T. Costa think that On the Origin of Species was more likely to draw interest than a larger book that Darwin had been working on?
Answer: because the book was an abstract produced in haste in response to Wallace's essay
Question: Why did James T. Costa think the larger, abandoned book would not have been as successful?
Answer: would have been encumbered by scholarly footnotes and much more technical detail |
Context: In league competitions, games may end in a draw. In knockout competitions where a winner is required various methods may be employed to break such a deadlock, some competitions may invoke replays. A game tied at the end of regulation time may go into extra time, which consists of two further 15-minute periods. If the score is still tied after extra time, some competitions allow the use of penalty shootouts (known officially in the Laws of the Game as "kicks from the penalty mark") to determine which team will progress to the next stage of the tournament. Goals scored during extra time periods count toward the final score of the game, but kicks from the penalty mark are only used to decide the team that progresses to the next part of the tournament (with goals scored in a penalty shootout not making up part of the final score).
Question: Matches where a winner must be decided is called what type of competitions?
Answer: knockout
Question: Extra time has two periods which each are how long in minutes?
Answer: 15
Question: What are penalty shootouts officially known as in the Laws of the Game?
Answer: kicks from the penalty mark
Question: Which goals count to the final score of the game?
Answer: Goals scored during extra time
Question: When a winner must not be decided what type of match is this?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How long are extra time periods in hours?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are penalty shootouts not known as in the Laws of the Game?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Which goals do not count toward the final score of the game?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The Japanese launch was followed in March 1983 by the introduction of CD players and discs to Europe and North America (where CBS Records released sixteen titles). This event is often seen as the "Big Bang" of the digital audio revolution. The new audio disc was enthusiastically received, especially in the early-adopting classical music and audiophile communities, and its handling quality received particular praise. As the price of players gradually came down, and with the introduction of the portable Walkman the CD began to gain popularity in the larger popular and rock music markets. The first artist to sell a million copies on CD was Dire Straits, with their 1985 album Brothers in Arms. The first major artist to have his entire catalogue converted to CD was David Bowie, whose 15 studio albums were made available by RCA Records in February 1985, along with four greatest hits albums. In 1988, 400 million CDs were manufactured by 50 pressing plants around the world.
Question: Who first sold a million copies on CD?
Answer: Dire Straits
Question: Which artist was the first to have their full catalogue converted to CD?
Answer: David Bowie
Question: What year was the Dire Straits album Brothers in Arms released?
Answer: 1985
Question: How many CDs were mass produced in 1988?
Answer: 400 million
Question: How many studio albums did David Bowie release in February 1985?
Answer: 15 |
Context: Nintendo's near monopoly on the home video game market left it with a degree of influence over the industry. Unlike Atari, which never actively courted third-party developers (and even went to court in an attempt to force Activision to cease production of Atari 2600 games), Nintendo had anticipated and encouraged the involvement of third-party software developers; strictly, however, on Nintendo's terms. Some of the Nintendo platform-control measures were adopted by later console manufacturers such as Sega, Sony, and Microsoft, although not as stringent.
Question: Who did Atari attempt to force ceasing production of games for its system?
Answer: Activision
Question: Nintendo actively encouraged the involvement of what?
Answer: third-party software developers
Question: Nintendo's measures for third party game developers were also adopted by which later manufacturers?
Answer: Sega, Sony, and Microsoft
Question: Who didn't Atari attempt to force ceasing production of games for its system?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Nintendo actively discouraged the involvement of what?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Nintendo's measures for third party game developers weren't adopted by which later manufacturers?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In January 1977, Droney promoted him to First Assistant District Attorney, essentially making Kerry his campaign and media surrogate because Droney was afflicted with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, or Lou Gehrig's Disease). As First Assistant, Kerry tried cases, which included winning convictions in a high-profile rape case and a murder. He also played a role in administering the office, including initiating the creation of special white-collar and organized crime units, creating programs to address the problems of rape and other crime victims and witnesses, and managing trial calendars to reflect case priorities. It was in this role in 1978 that Kerry announced an investigation into possible criminal charges against then Senator Edward Brooke, regarding "misstatements" in his first divorce trial. The inquiry ended with no charges being brought after investigators and prosecutors determined that Brooke's misstatements were pertinent to the case, but were not material enough to have affected the outcome.
Question: When did Kerry become an ADA?
Answer: January 1977
Question: What condition did Droney have?
Answer: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Question: What is ALS's nickname?
Answer: Lou Gehrig's Disease
Question: What senator did Kerry investigate in 1978?
Answer: Edward Brooke
Question: Why was Brooke being investigated?
Answer: "misstatements" in his first divorce trial |
Context: It's likely[weasel words] that alb ("white") and albus have common origins deriving from the association of the tops of tall mountains or steep hills with snow.
Question: What words are likely to have common origins?
Answer: alb ("white") and albus
Question: Where do Alb and Albus share their origin from?
Answer: the association of the tops of tall mountains or steep hills with snow.
Question: Alb can also mean what?
Answer: white |
Context: New York is also a major center for non-commercial educational media. The oldest public-access television channel in the United States is the Manhattan Neighborhood Network, founded in 1971. WNET is the city's major public television station and a primary source of national Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) television programming. WNYC, a public radio station owned by the city until 1997, has the largest public radio audience in the United States.
Question: What is the name of the first public-access TV channel in the country?
Answer: Manhattan Neighborhood Network
Question: In what year did the Manhattan Neighborhood Network begin?
Answer: 1971
Question: What is the primary public television station in New York?
Answer: WNET
Question: What is the largest public radio station in the US by audience size?
Answer: WNYC
Question: In what year did the city cease to own WNYC?
Answer: 1997
Question: The public-assess TV channel that has been around the longest in the US in what?
Answer: Manhattan Neighborhood Network
Question: When was the Manhattan Neighborhood Network created?
Answer: 1971
Question: The largest public radio station by listeners is what in New York?
Answer: WNYC |
Context: Meanwhile, on 10 October 1950, the 89th Tank Battalion was attached to the 1st Cavalry Division, increasing the armor available for the Northern Offensive. On 15 October, after moderate KPA resistance, the 7th Cavalry Regiment and Charlie Company, 70th Tank Battalion captured Namchonjam city. On 17 October, they flanked rightwards, away from the principal road (to Pyongyang), to capture Hwangju. Two days later, the 1st Cavalry Division captured Pyongyang, the North's capital city, on 19 October 1950. Kim Il Sung and his government temporarily moved its capital to Sinuiju – although as UNC forces approached, the government again moved – this time to Kanggye.
Question: Who did not capture the city of Namchonjam?
Answer: KPA
Question: What was the capital city in the North?
Answer: Pyongyang
Question: Where did Kim Il-Sung temporarily move the capital?
Answer: Sinuiju
Question: What caused the North Koreans to move their capital for the second time?
Answer: UNC forces approached
Question: When was Pyongyang captured?
Answer: October 1950 |
Context: Portuguese law applied in the former colonies and territories and continues to be the major influence for those countries. Portugal's main police organizations are the Guarda Nacional Republicana – GNR (National Republican Guard), a gendarmerie; the Polícia de Segurança Pública – PSP (Public Security Police), a civilian police force who work in urban areas; and the Polícia Judiciária – PJ (Judicial Police), a highly specialized criminal investigation police that is overseen by the Public Ministry.
Question: Portuguese law continues to be a major influence for what?
Answer: former colonies and territories
Question: What is the Policia de Seguranca Publica - PSP (Public Security Police)?
Answer: a civilian police force who work in urban areas
Question: What is the Policia Judiciaria - PJ (Judicial Police)?
Answer: a highly specialized criminal investigation police
Question: Which entity oversees the Judicial Police?
Answer: the Public Ministry. |
Context: In the greater metropolitan area, 13% of the population live below the poverty line. According to a 2012 report submitted by GHMC to the World Bank, Hyderabad has 1,476 slums with a total population of 1.7 million, of whom 66% live in 985 slums in the "core" of the city (the part that formed Hyderabad before the April 2007 expansion) and the remaining 34% live in 491 suburban tenements. About 22% of the slum-dwelling households had migrated from different parts of India in the last decade of the 20th century, and 63% claimed to have lived in the slums for more than 10 years.:55 Overall literacy in the slums is 60–80% and female literacy is 52–73%. A third of the slums have basic service connections, and the remainder depend on general public services provided by the government. There are 405 government schools, 267 government aided schools, 175 private schools and 528 community halls in the slum areas.:70 According to a 2008 survey by the Centre for Good Governance, 87.6% of the slum-dwelling households are nuclear families, 18% are very poor, with an income up to ₹20000 (US$300) per annum, 73% live below the poverty line (a standard poverty line recognised by the Andhra Pradesh Government is ₹24000 (US$360) per annum), 27% of the chief wage earners (CWE) are casual labour and 38% of the CWE are illiterate. About 3.72% of the slum children aged 5–14 do not go to school and 3.17% work as child labour, of whom 64% are boys and 36% are girls. The largest employers of child labour are street shops and construction sites. Among the working children, 35% are engaged in hazardous jobs.:59
Question: Which percentage of Hyderabad's population is below the poverty line?
Answer: 13%
Question: What population of Hyderabad lived in slums in 2012?
Answer: 1.7 million
Question: What is the literacy rate in the slums of Hyderabad?
Answer: 60–80%
Question: In the slums of Hyderabad how many private schools are there?
Answer: 175
Question: What percentage of children in Hyderabad are working hazardous jobs?
Answer: 35% |
Context: Akbar's son, Jahangir more or less followed father's policy. The Mughal dynasty ruled most of the Indian subcontinent by 1600. The reign of Shah Jahan was the golden age of Mughal architecture. He erected several large monuments, the most famous of which is the Taj Mahal at Agra, as well as the Moti Masjid, Agra, the Red Fort, the Jama Masjid, Delhi, and the Lahore Fort. The Mughal Empire reached the zenith of its territorial expanse during the reign of Aurangzeb and also started its terminal decline in his reign due to Maratha military resurgence under Shivaji. Historian Sir. J.N. Sarkar wrote, "All seemed to have been gained by Aurangzeb now, but in reality all was lost." The same was echoed by Vincent Smith: "The Deccan proved to be the graveyard not only of Aurangzeb's body but also of his empire".
Question: By what date did the Mughal dynasty rule most of India?
Answer: 1600
Question: What famous monument did Shah Jahan build at Agra?
Answer: Taj Mahal
Question: During whose reign did the Mughal Empire reach its greatest expanse?
Answer: Aurangzeb
Question: What actions caused the decline of the Mughal Empire?
Answer: Maratha military resurgence
Question: What reached it height during the reign of Shah Jehan?
Answer: Mughal architecture |
Context: Boston shares many cultural roots with greater New England, including a dialect of the non-rhotic Eastern New England accent known as Boston English, and a regional cuisine with a large emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy products. Irish Americans are a major influence on Boston's politics and religious institutions. Boston also has its own collection of neologisms known as Boston slang.
Question: Boston is culturally similar to what area?
Answer: greater New England
Question: What is the Boston accent known as?
Answer: Boston English
Question: Who influences Boston's politics and religion?
Answer: Irish Americans
Question: What are Bostons neologisms more commonly known as?
Answer: Boston slang
Question: Food with an emphasis on seafood, salt, and dairy is an exaple of what?
Answer: regional cuisine |
Context: Layer III audio can also use a "bit reservoir", a partially full frame's ability to hold part of the next frame's audio data, allowing temporary changes in effective bitrate, even in a constant bitrate stream. Internal handling of the bit reservoir increases encoding delay.[citation needed]
Question: A partially full frame's ability to have part of the next frame's audio data is referred to as what?
Answer: bit reservoir
Question: What kind of audio is required to use a bit reservoir?
Answer: Layer III
Question: A bit reservoir allows for what kind of changes in effective bit rate?
Answer: temporary
Question: What is a possible result of handling the bit reservoir?
Answer: encoding delay
Question: A large benefit of a bit reservoir is that you can use it even while encoding what kind of stream?
Answer: constant bitrate |
Context: The rise of Hitler and other dictators in the 1930s forced numerous Catholic intellectuals to flee Europe; president John O'Hara brought many to Notre Dame. From Germany came Anton-Hermann Chroust (1907–1982) in classics and law, and Waldemar Gurian a German Catholic intellectual of Jewish descent. Positivism dominated American intellectual life in the 1920s onward but in marked contrast, Gurian received a German Catholic education and wrote his doctoral dissertation under Max Scheler. Ivan Meštrović (1883–1962), a renowned sculptor, brought Croatian culture to campus, 1955–62. Yves Simon (1903–61), brought to ND in the 1940s the insights of French studies in the Aristotelian-Thomistic tradition of philosophy; his own teacher Jacques Maritain (1882–73) was a frequent visitor to campus.
Question: What caused many intellectual Catholics to leave europe in the 1930s?
Answer: The rise of Hitler and other dictators
Question: From where did Anton-Hermann Chroust come to reach Notre Dame?
Answer: Germany
Question: What field of study did Anton-Hermann Chroust specialize in?
Answer: classics and law
Question: Who did Waldemar Gurian receive his tutelage under while seeking his doctorate?
Answer: Max Scheler
Question: What was Ivan Meštrović known for being?
Answer: a renowned sculptor |
Context: In the Roman Church, universal positive ecclesiastical laws, based upon either immutable divine and natural law, or changeable circumstantial and merely positive law, derive formal authority and promulgation from the office of pope, who as Supreme Pontiff possesses the totality of legislative, executive, and judicial power in his person. The actual subject material of the canons is not just doctrinal or moral in nature, but all-encompassing of the human condition.
Question: What are the permanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law?
Answer: immutable divine and natural law
Question: What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law?
Answer: changeable circumstantial and merely positive law
Question: What is given to the universal positive law of the Roman Catholic Church by its leader?
Answer: formal authority and promulgation
Question: What is the pope's official title?
Answer: Supreme Pontiff
Question: What three divisions of power often found in government does the pope hold?
Answer: legislative, executive, and judicial
Question: What are the permanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law in all Christian churches?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are the impermanent sources of positive ecclesiastical law in all Christian churches?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What do all church leaders give to the universal positive law of the Roman Catholic Church?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the official title of all Cardinals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What three powers usually found in government are held by the Pope and College of Cardinals?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In 2006 and 2007, the world used approximately 2.4 megatonnes (5.3×109 lb) of pesticides, with herbicides constituting the biggest part of the world pesticide use at 40%, followed by insecticides (17%) and fungicides (10%). In 2006 and 2007 the U.S. used approximately 0.5 megatonnes (1.1×109 lb) of pesticides, accounting for 22% of the world total, including 857 million pounds (389 kt) of conventional pesticides, which are used in the agricultural sector (80% of conventional pesticide use) as well as the industrial, commercial, governmental and home & garden sectors.Pesticides are also found in majority of U.S. households with 78 million out of the 105.5 million households indicating that they use some form of pesticide. As of 2007, there were more than 1,055 active ingredients registered as pesticides, which yield over 20,000 pesticide products that are marketed in the United States.
Question: On estimate how many megatonnes of pesticides were used between 2006 and 2007?
Answer: approximately 2.4
Question: What amount of conventional pesticide use does the agricultural sector account for?
Answer: 80%
Question: Pesticides contain at least how many ingredients?
Answer: more than 1,055
Question: How maney pesticides are offered for sale in the US?
Answer: over 20,000
Question: How many pesticide products are sold worldwide?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many active ingredients were in herbicides used in agriculture in 2006?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What percentage of pesticides in the US are sold at home and garden centers?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many pounds of pesticide are used by the US government?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much of conventional pesticide use is by the US government?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Between 1892, when Harvard and Yale met in one of the first intercollegiate debates, and 1909, the year of the first Triangular Debate of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, the rhetoric, symbolism, and metaphors used in athletics were used to frame these early debates. Debates were covered on front pages of college newspapers and emphasized in yearbooks, and team members even received the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets. There even were rallies sending off the debating teams to matches. Yet, the debates never attained the broad appeal that athletics enjoyed. One reason may be that debates do not have a clear winner, as is the case in sports, and that scoring is subjective. In addition, with late 19th-century concerns about the impact of modern life on the human body, athletics offered hope that neither the individual nor the society was coming apart.
Question: In what year was the first debate between Harvard, Yale, and Princeton?
Answer: 1909
Question: When was the first debate between Harvard and Yale?
Answer: 1892
Question: How were debates shown to the college students?
Answer: front pages of college newspapers
Question: What did members of the debate team get for their service?
Answer: the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets
Question: Why do debates not have a distinct winner?
Answer: scoring is subjective
Question: In what year was the last debate between Harvard, Yale, and Princeton?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the last debate between Harvard and Yale?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How were debates shown to the college faculty?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What did fans of the debate team get for their service?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Why do debates have a distinct winner?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: With the initial investment of £4,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and "on the game." The force was a success after its first year, and his men had "established their worth by saving £122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives." Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames. It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in other cities, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney.
Question: What was the initial size of the Thames River Police force?
Answer: 50
Question: How many dock workers were the Thames River Police policing?
Answer: 33,000
Question: How many dock workers did Colquhoun say were criminals?
Answer: 11,000
Question: How much cargo theft did the Thames River Police prevent in its first year?
Answer: £122,000
Question: When was the Thames River Police made a public service?
Answer: 28 July 180
Question: What was the final size of the Thames River Police force?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many deck workers were the Thames River Police policing?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many dock workers did Colquhoun say weren't criminals?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How much cargo theft did the Thames River Police allow in its first year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: When was the Thames River Police made a private service?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: On January 10, 2007, the National Archives and Fold3.com (formerly Footnote) launched a pilot project to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings. Allen Weinstein explained that this partnership would "allow much greater access to approximately 4.5 million pages of important documents that are currently available only in their original format or on microfilm" and "would also enhance NARA's efforts to preserve its original records."
Question: In January of 2007, what internet company did the National Archives partner with?
Answer: Fold3.com
Question: What was the aim of the partnership with Fold3.com?
Answer: to digitize historic documents from the National Archives holdings
Question: What Archivist announced the partnership with Fold3?
Answer: Allen Weinstein
Question: Of all the benefits of the partnership with Fold3, what benefited the public at large the most?
Answer: much greater access
Question: What direct benefit did NARA itself gain from the partnership with Fold3?
Answer: enhance NARA's efforts to preserve its original records
Question: What website was created on January 10, 2007?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many people usually visit the Fold3.com website each year?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is the main goal of the Footnote website?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What company did Allen Weinstein formerly work for?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What medium did Fold3.com store all of its records on?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In the spring of 1834, Chopin attended the Lower Rhenish Music Festival in Aix-la-Chapelle with Hiller, and it was there that Chopin met Felix Mendelssohn. After the festival, the three visited Düsseldorf, where Mendelssohn had been appointed musical director. They spent what Mendelssohn described as "a very agreeable day", playing and discussing music at his piano, and met Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow, director of the Academy of Art, and some of his eminent pupils such as Lessing, Bendemann, Hildebrandt and Sohn. In 1835 Chopin went to Carlsbad, where he spent time with his parents; it was the last time he would see them. On his way back to Paris, he met old friends from Warsaw, the Wodzińskis. He had made the acquaintance of their daughter Maria in Poland five years earlier, when she was eleven. This meeting prompted him to stay for two weeks in Dresden, when he had previously intended to return to Paris via Leipzig. The sixteen-year-old girl's portrait of the composer is considered, along with Delacroix's, as among Chopin's best likenesses. In October he finally reached Leipzig, where he met Schumann, Clara Wieck and Felix Mendelssohn, who organised for him a performance of his own oratorio St. Paul, and who considered him "a perfect musician". In July 1836 Chopin travelled to Marienbad and Dresden to be with the Wodziński family, and in September he proposed to Maria, whose mother Countess Wodzińska approved in principle. Chopin went on to Leipzig, where he presented Schumann with his G minor Ballade. At the end of 1836 he sent Maria an album in which his sister Ludwika had inscribed seven of his songs, and his 1835 Nocturne in C-sharp minor, Op. 27, No. 1. The anodyne thanks he received from Maria proved to be the last letter he was to have from her.
Question: Who did Frédéric meet in the spring of 1834 at the Lower Rhenish Music Festival?
Answer: Felix Mendelssohn
Question: What two activities did Frédéric do while visiting for a day in Düsseldorf with Mendelssohn and Hiller?
Answer: playing and discussing music
Question: Who was the director of the Academy of Art that Frédéric met while in Düsseldorf?
Answer: Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow
Question: Where were Frédéric's parents located at when he saw them for the final time in 1835?
Answer: Carlsbad
Question: Where did Chopin meet Felix Mendelssohn?
Answer: the Lower Rhenish Music Festival
Question: Who did Chopin attend the Lower Rhenish Music Festival with?
Answer: Hiller
Question: In 1835 where did Chopin and his parents visit?
Answer: Carlsbad
Question: When did Chopin propose marriage to Maria Wodziński?
Answer: July 1836
Question: Who was Maria's mother?
Answer: Countess Wodzińska
Question: Who did Chopin meet at a music festival early in 1834?
Answer: Felix Mendelssohn
Question: Where did Chopin and Hiller go with the person Chopin met in the spring of 1834?
Answer: Düsseldorf
Question: What was Friedrich Wilhelm Schadow position?
Answer: director of the Academy of Art
Question: What was the first name of the girl Chopin proposed to?
Answer: Maria |
Context: Selenizza is mainly used as an additive in the road construction sector. It is mixed with traditional bitumen to improve both the viscoelastic properties and the resistance to ageing. It may be blended with the hot bitumen in tanks, but its granular form allows it to be fed in the mixer or in the recycling ring of normal asphalt plants. Other typical applications include the production of mastic asphalts for sidewalks, bridges, car-parks and urban roads as well as drilling fluid additives for the oil and gas industry. Selenizza is available in powder or in granular material of various particle sizes and is packaged in big bags or in thermal fusible polyethylene bags.
Question: What component is added to bitumen to improve it?
Answer: Selenizza
Question: To what other paving material is Selenizza added?
Answer: mastic asphalts
Question: What purpose does Selenizza have in the drilling industry?
Answer: fluid additives
Question: In what form is Selenizza offered?
Answer: granular
Question: How is Selenizza shipped?
Answer: bags
Question: What is mostly used as an additive in constructing recycling rings?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is available in powder or fluid form and offered in various particle sizes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is Selenizza mixed with to improve resistance to bridges?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is Selenizza mixed with to worsen viscoelastic properties?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What may be mixed with cold bitumen in tanks?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: In season ten, the total viewer numbers for the first week of shows fell 12–13%, and by up to 23% in the 18–49 demo compared to season nine. Later episodes, however, retained viewers better, and the season ended on a high with a significant increase in viewership for the finale – up 12% for the adults 18–49 demo and a 21% increase in total viewers from the season nine finale. While the overall viewer number has increased this season, its viewer demographics have continued to age year on year – the median age this season was 47.2 compared to a median age of 32.1 in its first season. By the time of the 2010–11 television season, Fox was in its seventh consecutive season of victory overall in the 18–49 demographic ratings in the United States.
Question: What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its first season?
Answer: 32.1
Question: What was the average age of American Idols viewers in its tenth season?
Answer: 47.2
Question: What is the median age of viewers this season?
Answer: 47.2
Question: What was the median age for viewers for season one?
Answer: 32.1 |
Context: Cork was one of the most rail-oriented cities in Ireland, featuring eight stations at various times. The main route, still much the same today, is from Dublin Heuston. Originally terminating on the city's outskirts at Blackpool, the route now reaches the city centre terminus of Kent Station via Glanmire tunnel. Now a through station, the line through Kent connects the towns of Cobh and Midleton east of the city. This also connected to the seaside town of Youghal, until the 1980s.[citation needed]
Question: How many rail stations has cork had over the years?
Answer: eight
Question: What connects Cobh and Midleton to Cork?
Answer: the line through Kent
Question: Where does the main rail originate?
Answer: Dublin Heuston
Question: Where was the original end of the line?
Answer: Blackpool
Question: What was Ireland's most rail-centric city?
Answer: Cork
Question: What is one or the most rail oriented cities in Europe?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What has connected to Youghal since the 1980's?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What route now ends in Blackpool?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many rail stations are there in Youghal?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What from Youghal is still the same today as when it began?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What originally terminated at Kent?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How does the route reach the city centre terminus of Youghal Station?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is Youghal considered now that it connects Cobh and Midleton?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: Intrigued by the results of the automaton, Bell continued to experiment with a live subject, the family's Skye Terrier, "Trouve". After he taught it to growl continuously, Bell would reach into its mouth and manipulate the dog's lips and vocal cords to produce a crude-sounding "Ow ah oo ga ma ma". With little convincing, visitors believed his dog could articulate "How are you grandma?" More indicative of his playful nature, his experiments convinced onlookers that they saw a "talking dog". However, these initial forays into experimentation with sound led Bell to undertake his first serious work on the transmission of sound, using tuning forks to explore resonance.
Question: What living thing did Bell use in his research?
Answer: Skye Terrier
Question: What was Bell's pet's name?
Answer: Trouve
Question: What phrase did people believe Bell's dog could say?
Answer: How are you grandma?
Question: Bell investigated resonance using what?
Answer: tuning forks
Question: What did Bell instruct his dog to do?
Answer: growl continuously |
Context: During the Second Sino-Japanese War, which led into World War II, much of Zhejiang was occupied by Japan and placed under the control of the Japanese puppet state known as the Reorganized National Government of China. Following the Doolittle Raid, most of the B-25 American crews that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Chinese people who helped them, however, paid dearly for sheltering the Americans. The Imperial Japanese Army began the Zhejiang-Jiangxi Campaign to intimidate the Chinese out of helping downed American airmen. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 civilians while searching for Doolittle’s men.
Question: What war did the Second Sino-Japanese War lead into?
Answer: World War II
Question: Who occupied much of Zhejiang during the Second Sino-Japanese War?
Answer: Japan
Question: How many estimated civilians were killed by the Japanese searching for Doolittle's men?
Answer: 250,000
Question: What type of American crews came down in China following the Doolittle raid?
Answer: B-25
Question: The Japanese puppet state that occupied Zhejiang was called what?
Answer: the Reorganized National Government of China
Question: What war did the Third Sino-Japanese War lead into?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What led into World War I?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who occupied none of Zhejiang during the Second Sino-Japanese War?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many estimated civilians were rescued by the Japanese searching for Doolittle's men?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The number of species of flowering plants is estimated to be in the range of 250,000 to 400,000. This compares to around 12,000 species of moss or 11,000 species of pteridophytes, showing that the flowering plants are much more diverse. The number of families in APG (1998) was 462. In APG II (2003) it is not settled; at maximum it is 457, but within this number there are 55 optional segregates, so that the minimum number of families in this system is 402. In APG III (2009) there are 415 families.
Question: What is the estimated range for the number of flowering plants?
Answer: 250,000 to 400,000
Question: How many species of moss is there?
Answer: 12,000
Question: What does the large number of flowering plant species indicate is true of them in general?
Answer: diverse
Question: What are the minimum number of families in the APG system?
Answer: 402
Question: How many families are in AGP III?
Answer: 415
Question: How is moss seen more than families in the system?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What is true about families more than moss or pteridophytes?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How many flowering plants are in APG in 1998?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: What are the minimum number of species of moss in the APG system?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: In APG III how many species of flowering plants are there?
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: A day after announcing the attempt on his life, Nasser established a new provisional constitution proclaiming a 600-member National Assembly (400 from Egypt and 200 from Syria) and the dissolution of all political parties. Nasser gave each of the provinces two vice-presidents: Boghdadi and Amer in Egypt, and Sabri al-Asali and Akram al-Hawrani in Syria. Nasser then left for Moscow to meet with Nikita Khrushchev. At the meeting, Khrushchev pressed Nasser to lift the ban on the Communist Party, but Nasser refused, stating it was an internal matter which was not a subject of discussion with outside powers. Khrushchev was reportedly taken aback and denied he had meant to interfere in the UAR's affairs. The matter was settled as both leaders sought to prevent a rift between their two countries.
Question: How many members were in the National Assembly?
Answer: 600
Question: How many members of the National Assembly were from Egypt?
Answer: 400
Question: What Soviet leader did Nasser spar with?
Answer: Khrushchev
Question: What did Khrushchev want Nasser to remove the ban on?
Answer: Communist Party
Question: Who were the two National Assembly vice-presidents in Egypt?
Answer: Boghdadi and Amer |
Context: There is no single definition of an "aircraft carrier", and modern navies use several variants of the type. These variants are sometimes categorized as sub-types of aircraft carriers, and sometimes as distinct types of naval aviation-capable ships. Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft they carry and their operational assignments. Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope, former head of the Royal Navy, has said that "To put it simply, countries that aspire to strategic international influence have aircraft carriers".
Question: What is the definition of an "aircraft carrier"?
Answer: There is no single definition
Question: How may aircraft carriers be classified?
Answer: according to the type of aircraft they carry and their operational assignments
Question: Who is Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope?
Answer: former head of the Royal Navy
Question: Who said, "countries that aspire to strategic international influence have aircraft carriers"?
Answer: Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope
Question: What is the definition of an "warcraft carrier"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: How may aircraft be classified?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who is Admiral Sir Mark Royal?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: Who said, "countries that aspire to strategic local influence have aircraft carriers"?
Answer: Unanswerable
Question: what type of carrier has a single definition
Answer: Unanswerable |
Context: The mosaics of St. Peter's often show lively Baroque compositions based on designs or canvases from like Ciro Ferri, Guido Reni, Domenichino, Carlo Maratta, and many others. Raphael is represented by a mosaic replica of this last painting, the Transfiguration. Many different artists contributed to the 17th- and 18th-century mosaics in St. Peter's, including Giovanni Battista Calandra, Fabio Cristofari (died 1689), and Pietro Paolo Cristofari (died 1743). Works of the Fabbrica were often used as papal gifts.
Question: How is Raphael portrayed in St. Peter's?
Answer: by a mosaic replica of this last painting
Question: What year did Pietro Paolo Cristofari die?
Answer: 1743
Question: What was the art of the Fabbrica usually used for?
Answer: papal gifts
Question: What was the name of the painting used to represent raphael in St. Peter's?
Answer: Transfiguration
Question: The mosaics of St.Peter's are often based on what?
Answer: designs or canvases |
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