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Context: In recent years, the School has put on a musical version of The Bacchae (October 2009) as well as productions of A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (May 2010), The Cherry Orchard (February 2011), Joseph K (October 2011), Cyrano de Bergerac (May 2012), Macbeth (October 2012), London Assurance (May 2013) and Jerusalem (October 2013). Upcoming in May 2014 was a production of A Midsummer Night's Dream . Often girls from surrounding schools, such as St George's, Ascot, St Mary's School Ascot, Windsor Girls' School and Heathfield St Mary's School, are cast in female roles. Boys from the School are also responsible for the lighting, sound and stage management of all the productions, under the guidance of several professional full-time theatre staff. Question: Who are cast in Eton's female roles in their productions? Answer: girls from surrounding schools Question: Who is responsible for stage hand duties, lighting, sound, and management? Answer: Boys from the School Question: Which Shakespearean play did the School put on in October 2012? Answer: Macbeth Question: What are somefemale schools close to Eton? Answer: St George's, Ascot, St Mary's School Ascot, Windsor Girls' School and Heathfield St Mary's School Question: What Eton production did the girls from St. George's recently appear in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Girls from St Mary's School Ascot appeared in which recent Eton production? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Girls from Windsor Girls' School appeared in Which recent Eton production? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Eton production did the girls from Heathfield St Mary's School recently appear in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What girl's school was featured in October 2011's Macbeth? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs. Question: What is excessive weakness called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Diaphoresis causes a massive surge of what hormones? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which nervous system is responsible for shortness of breath? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is left ventricular failure called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of shock can cause sudden death? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The history of the Ottoman Empire during World War I began with the Ottoman engagement in the Middle Eastern theatre. There were several important Ottoman victories in the early years of the war, such as the Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut. The Arab Revolt which began in 1916 turned the tide against the Ottomans on the Middle Eastern front, where they initially seemed to have the upper hand during the first two years of the war. The Armistice of Mudros was signed on 30 October 1918, and set the partition of the Ottoman Empire under the terms of the Treaty of Sèvres. This treaty, as designed in the conference of London, allowed the Sultan to retain his position and title. The occupation of Constantinople and İzmir led to the establishment of a Turkish national movement, which won the Turkish War of Independence (1919–22) under the leadership of Mustafa Kemal (later given the surname "Atatürk"). The sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922, and the last sultan, Mehmed VI (reigned 1918–22), left the country on 17 November 1922. The caliphate was abolished on 3 March 1924. Question: Where did the Ottoman empire begin its part in the first world war? Answer: Middle Eastern theatre Question: The Battle of Gallipoli and the Siege of Kut resulted in what? Answer: Ottoman victories Question: The Arab Revolt began in what year? Answer: 1916 Question: What was the date that the Armistice of Mudros came to be signed? Answer: 30 October 1918 Question: When did the Turkish War of Independence take place? Answer: 1919–22
Context: After about 1840, Georgian conventions were slowly abandoned as a number of revival styles, including Gothic Revival, that had originated in the Georgian period, developed and contested in Victorian architecture, and in the case of Gothic became better researched, and closer to their originals. Neoclassical architecture remained popular, and was the opponent of Gothic in the Battle of the Styles of the early Victorian period. In the United States the Federalist Style contained many elements of Georgian style, but incorporated revolutionary symbols. Question: What year did Georgian architecture begin to be abandoned? Answer: 1840 Question: What was the rivalry between Gothic Revival and Neoclassical referred to as? Answer: the Battle of the Styles Question: What style from the United States used many elements of Georgian style but with revolutionary symbols? Answer: Federalist Style Question: When was the Battle of the Styles contested? Answer: early Victorian period Question: What year to Georgian architecture become even more popular? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the rivalry between Gothic Revival and Classical called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What style had many elements of Gothic along with revolutionary symbols? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Georgian and what other style were known as revival? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Egyptian literature traces its beginnings to ancient Egypt and is some of the earliest known literature. Indeed, the Egyptians were the first culture to develop literature as we know it today, that is, the book. It is an important cultural element in the life of Egypt. Egyptian novelists and poets were among the first to experiment with modern styles of Arabic literature, and the forms they developed have been widely imitated throughout the Middle East. The first modern Egyptian novel Zaynab by Muhammad Husayn Haykal was published in 1913 in the Egyptian vernacular. Egyptian novelist Naguib Mahfouz was the first Arabic-language writer to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. Egyptian women writers include Nawal El Saadawi, well known for her feminist activism, and Alifa Rifaat who also writes about women and tradition. Question: Who was the first to develop literature? Answer: Egyptians Question: What syles did writers in Arabic literature experiment with first? Answer: modern styles Question: What was the first modern Egyptian novel? Answer: Zaynab Question: When was Munammad Huayn Haykal's first modern novel published? Answer: 1913
Context: Universal could seldom afford its own stable of stars, and often borrowed talent from other studios, or hired freelance actors. In addition to Stewart and Dietrich, Margaret Sullavan, and Bing Crosby were two of the major names that made a couple of pictures for Universal during this period. Some stars came from radio, including Edgar Bergen, W. C. Fields, and the comedy team of Abbott and Costello (Bud Abbott and Lou Costello). Abbott and Costello's military comedy Buck Privates (1941) gave the former burlesque comedians a national and international profile. Question: What two performers were known as the team Abbott and Costello? Answer: Bud Abbott and Lou Costello Question: What military comedy did Bud Abbott and Lou Costello star in? Answer: Buck Privates Question: Along with Abbott and Costello and Edgar Bergen, what radio star appeared in Universal films? Answer: W. C. Fields Question: What entertainment medium did Edgar Fields and W.C. Bergen come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What comedy came out in 1914? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who starred in the 1914 Buck Privates comedy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After Cao's defeat at the naval Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 AD, China was divided into three spheres of influence, with Cao Cao dominating the north, Sun Quan (182–252 AD) dominating the south, and Liu Bei (161–223 AD) dominating the west. Cao Cao died in March 220 AD. By December his son Cao Pi (187–226 AD) had Emperor Xian relinquish the throne to him and is known posthumously as Emperor Wen of Wei. This formally ended the Han dynasty and initiated an age of conflict between three states: Cao Wei, Eastern Wu, and Shu Han. Question: Who was defeated at the Battle of Red Cliffs in 208 AD? Answer: Cao Question: Who did Emperor Xian give his throne to? Answer: Cao Pi Question: What state was in a conflict with Eastern Wu, and Shu Han? Answer: Cao Wei Question: Who was in control of the south of China? Answer: Sun Quan Question: In what month did Cao Cao die? Answer: March
Context: As the election approached, other prominent citizens and politicians from both parties urged Eisenhower to run for president. In January 1948, after learning of plans in New Hampshire to elect delegates supporting him for the forthcoming Republican National Convention, Eisenhower stated through the Army that he was "not available for and could not accept nomination to high political office"; "life-long professional soldiers", he wrote, "in the absence of some obvious and overriding reason, [should] abstain from seeking high political office". Eisenhower maintained no political party affiliation during this time. Many believed he was forgoing his only opportunity to be president; Republican Thomas E. Dewey was considered the other probable winner, would presumably serve two terms, and Eisenhower, at age 66 in 1956, would then be too old. Question: What state's delegates were considering supporting Eisenhower in 1948? Answer: New Hampshire Question: How old would Eisenhower be in 1956? Answer: 66 Question: Why was it unlikely that Eisenhower would run for president in 1956? Answer: too old Question: Who was it assumed would win the election of 1948? Answer: Thomas E. Dewey
Context: Some USB devices require more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port. This is common for external hard and optical disc drives, and generally for devices with motors or lamps. Such devices can use an external power supply, which is allowed by the standard, or use a dual-input USB cable, one input of which is used for power and data transfer, the other solely for power, which makes the device a non-standard USB device. Some USB ports and external hubs can, in practice, supply more power to USB devices than required by the specification but a standard-compliant device may not depend on this. Question: Some USB devices require what? Answer: more power than is permitted by the specifications for a single port. Question: Some devices such as an external hard and optical disk drive can use what? Answer: an external power supply Question: What is another alternative for power for an external hard and optical disk drive? Answer: a dual-input USB cable Question: What is the purpose of a dual-input USB cable? Answer: one input of which is used for power and data transfer, the other solely for power
Context: Alleles at a locus may be dominant or recessive; dominant alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotypes when paired with any other allele for the same trait, whereas recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype only when paired with another copy of the same allele. For example, if the allele specifying tall stems in pea plants is dominant over the allele specifying short stems, then pea plants that inherit one tall allele from one parent and one short allele from the other parent will also have tall stems. Mendel's work demonstrated that alleles assort independently in the production of gametes, or germ cells, ensuring variation in the next generation. Although Mendelian inheritance remains a good model for many traits determined by single genes (including a number of well-known genetic disorders) it does not include the physical processes of DNA replication and cell division. Question: Where can alleles be located in order to be either dominant or recessive? Answer: at a locus Question: When paired with any other allele for the same trait, what do dominant alleles give rise to? Answer: their corresponding phenotypes Question: When do recessive alleles give rise to their corresponding phenotype? Answer: when paired with another copy of the same allele Question: When do alleles assort independently? Answer: in the production of gametes Question: What are gametes? Answer: germ cells
Context: Aside from the lignocellulose, wood consists of a variety of low molecular weight organic compounds, called extractives. The wood extractives are fatty acids, resin acids, waxes and terpenes. For example, rosin is exuded by conifers as protection from insects. The extraction of these organic materials from wood provides tall oil, turpentine, and rosin. Question: What's the name for the low molecular weight organic compounds in wood? Answer: extractives Question: Along with fatty acids, what kind of acids are in the extractives in wood? Answer: resin Question: Wood extractives include resin and fatty acids, terpenes, and what other component? Answer: waxes Question: What do conifers use rosin to protect themselves from? Answer: insects Question: Along with tall oil and rosin, what commercial product do we get from wood's extractives? Answer: turpentine
Context: The largest single execution in United States history was the hanging of 38 American Indians convicted of murder and rape during the Dakota War of 1862. They were executed simultaneously on December 26, 1862, in Mankato, Minnesota. A single blow from an axe cut the rope that held the large four-sided platform, and the prisoners (except for one whose rope had broken and who had to be re-hanged) fell to their deaths. The second-largest mass execution was also a hanging: the execution of 13 African-American soldiers for taking part in the Houston Riot of 1917. The largest non-military mass execution occurred in one of the original thirteen colonies in 1723, when 26 convicted pirates were hanged in Newport, Rhode Island by order of the Admiralty Court. Question: How many people were killed in the largest mass execution in US history? Answer: 38 Question: On what date did the largest mass execution in American history take place? Answer: December 26, 1862 Question: In what state did the largest American mass execution occur? Answer: Minnesota Question: What was the ethnicity of the people executed in the second-largest mass execution in US history? Answer: African-American Question: In what year did the Admiralty Court hang 26 pirates in Newport, Rhode Island? Answer: 1723 Question: How many people were killed in the smallest mass execution in US history? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did the smallest mass execution in American history take place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what state did the smallest American mass execution occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the ethnicity of the people executed in the second-smallest mass execution in US history? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did the Admiralty Court hang 26 pirates in Kansas? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Between April 1877 and February 1878, she threatened five times to abdicate while pressuring Disraeli to act against Russia during the Russo-Turkish War, but her threats had no impact on the events or their conclusion with the Congress of Berlin. Disraeli's expansionist foreign policy, which Victoria endorsed, led to conflicts such as the Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War. "If we are to maintain our position as a first-rate Power", she wrote, "we must ... be Prepared for attacks and wars, somewhere or other, CONTINUALLY." Victoria saw the expansion of the British Empire as civilising and benign, protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers: "It is not in our custom to annexe countries", she said, "unless we are obliged & forced to do so." To Victoria's dismay, Disraeli lost the 1880 general election, and Gladstone returned as prime minister. When Disraeli died the following year, she was blinded by "fast falling tears", and erected a memorial tablet "placed by his grateful Sovereign and Friend, Victoria R.I." Question: Who did Victoria try to convince Disraeli to act against during the Russo-Turkish war? Answer: Russia Question: What impact did Victorias threats have on the impact of the Russo=Turkish war? Answer: no impact Question: What Disraeli policy did Victoria endorse? Answer: expansionist foreign policy Question: Who lost the Disraeli general election in 1880? Answer: Disraeli Question: Who returned as prime minister when Disraeli lost the general election in 1880? Answer: Gladstone Question: What caused Queen Victoria to threaten to abdicate five times? Answer: Russo-Turkish War Question: What ended the Russo-Turkish War? Answer: Congress of Berlin Question: Why did Queen Victoria want to take over other countries? Answer: protecting native peoples from more aggressive powers or cruel rulers Question: Who was elected Prime Minister after Disareli lost the election in 1880? Answer: Gladstone Question: To whom did Queen Victoria dedicate a memorial after his death for grateful service? Answer: Disraeli Question: What position did Victoria take on how to be a successful and top notch power? Answer: be Prepared for attacks and wars, somewhere or other, CONTINUALLY Question: Who won the 1880 general election? Answer: Gladstone Question: What conflicts can be attributed to Disraeli's stance on foreign policy? Answer: Anglo-Zulu War and the Second Anglo-Afghan War Question: What did Victoria place to memorialize Disraeli? Answer: a memorial tablet Question: Who did Victoria try to convince Disraeli to act against during the Russo-Turkish war? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What impact did Victorias threats have on the impact of the Russo=Turkish war? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Disraeli policy did Victoria don't endorse? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who lost the Disraeli general election in 1808? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who returned as prime minister when Disraeli lost the general election in 1808? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Royal Collection, which includes thousands of historic works of art and the Crown Jewels, is not owned by the Queen personally but is held in trust, as are her official residences, such as Buckingham Palace and Windsor Castle, and the Duchy of Lancaster, a property portfolio valued in 2014 at £442 million. Sandringham House and Balmoral Castle are privately owned by the Queen. The British Crown Estate – with holdings of £9.4 billion in 2014 – is held in trust by the sovereign and cannot be sold or owned by Elizabeth in a private capacity. Question: What famous jewelry collection is held in trust by Elizabeth? Answer: Crown Jewels Question: What residences of Elizabeth are held in trust and not owned by Elizabeth? Answer: official residences Question: What Scottish estate is privately owned by Elizabeth? Answer: Balmoral Castle Question: How much is the worth of the British Crown Estate? Answer: £9.4 billion Question: How is the British Crown Estate held by Elizabeth? Answer: in trust Question: How much is Buckingham Palace said to be worth as of 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are the Crown Jewels on display? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does Elizabeth spend most of her time nowadays? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much was Elizabeth worth as of 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: As of 2014 how much is Windsor Castle worth? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hellenistic Geometers such as Archimedes (c. 287 – 212 BC), Apollonius of Perga (c. 262 – c. 190 BC), and Euclid (c. 325 – 265 BC), whose Elements became the most important textbook in mathematics until the 19th century, built upon the work of the Hellenic era Pythagoreans. Euclid developed proofs for the Pythagorean Theorem, for the infinitude of primes, and worked on the ﬁve Platonic solids. Eratosthenes used his knowledge of geometry to measure the circumference of the Earth. His calculation was remarkably accurate. He was also the first to calculate the tilt of the Earth's axis (again with remarkable accuracy). Additionally, he may have accurately calculated the distance from the Earth to the Sun and invented the leap day. Known as the "Father of Geography ", Eratosthenes also created the first map of the world incorporating parallels and meridians, based on the available geographical knowledge of the era. Question: When did Archimedes die? Answer: 212 BC Question: When was Euclid born? Answer: 325 Question: Who worked on the five Platonic solids? Answer: Euclid Question: Who measured the circumference of the Earth? Answer: Eratosthenes Question: Who was the Father of Geomtery? Answer: Eratosthenes
Context: To maintain a high constant body temperature is energy expensive – mammals therefore need a nutritious and plentiful diet. While the earliest mammals were probably predators, different species have since adapted to meet their dietary requirements in a variety of ways. Some eat other animals – this is a carnivorous diet (and includes insectivorous diets). Other mammals, called herbivores, eat plants. A herbivorous diet includes subtypes such as fruit-eating and grass-eating. An omnivore eats both prey and plants. Carnivorous mammals have a simple digestive tract, because the proteins, lipids, and minerals found in meat require little in the way of specialized digestion. Plants, on the other hand, contain complex carbohydrates, such as cellulose. The digestive tract of an herbivore is therefore host to bacteria that ferment these substances, and make them available for digestion. The bacteria are either housed in the multichambered stomach or in a large cecum. The size of an animal is also a factor in determining diet type. Since small mammals have a high ratio of heat-losing surface area to heat-generating volume, they tend to have high energy requirements and a high metabolic rate. Mammals that weigh less than about 18 oz (500 g) are mostly insectivorous because they cannot tolerate the slow, complex digestive process of a herbivore. Larger animals, on the other hand, generate more heat and less of this heat is lost. They can therefore tolerate either a slower collection process (those that prey on larger vertebrates) or a slower digestive process (herbivores). Furthermore, mammals that weigh more than 18 oz (500 g) usually cannot collect enough insects during their waking hours to sustain themselves. The only large insectivorous mammals are those that feed on huge colonies of insects (ants or termites). Question: To be able to maintain a constant body temperature, what do mammals need to maintain? Answer: nutritious and plentiful diet Question: What does a omnivore imply? Answer: eats both prey and plants Question: What do the majority of mammals under 18 oz eat? Answer: insects Question: What determines a mammals diet type? Answer: The size Question: What do herbivores use to maintain a high level of bacteria for digestion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do herbivores have because they don't need specialized digestion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a factor that determines body temperature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What lives in an omnivores digestive tract? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are bacteria for digestion housed in an omnivore? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Initially sympathetic to Wieser's democratic socialism, Hayek's economic thinking shifted away from socialism and toward the classical liberalism of Carl Menger after reading von Mises' book Socialism. It was sometime after reading Socialism that Hayek began attending von Mises' private seminars, joining several of his university friends, including Fritz Machlup, Alfred Schutz, Felix Kaufmann, and Gottfried Haberler, who were also participating in Hayek's own, more general, private seminar. It was during this time that he also encountered and befriended noted political philosopher Eric Voegelin, with whom he retained a long-standing relationship. Question: What ideology was Hayek originally in support of? Answer: democratic socialism Question: What caused Hayek to turn away from Wiser's ideology? Answer: reading von Mises' book Socialism Question: During his attendance to von Mises' seminars, who did Hayek become friends with? Answer: Eric Voegelin Question: What viewpoint did the book Socialism shift Hayek toward? Answer: classical liberalism Question: Who is the father of the ideology Hayek came to support? Answer: Carl Menger
Context: A patent is a form of right granted by the government to an inventor, giving the owner the right to exclude others from making, using, selling, offering to sell, and importing an invention for a limited period of time, in exchange for the public disclosure of the invention. An invention is a solution to a specific technological problem, which may be a product or a process and generally has to fulfil three main requirements: it has to be new, not obvious and there needs to be an industrial applicability.:17 Question: Who grants a patent? Answer: the government Question: Who is a patent granted to? Answer: an inventor Question: How many requirements does an invention need to fulfill for a patent? Answer: three Question: An invention is a solution to what type of problem? Answer: technological Question: What is a patent offered in exchange for? Answer: public disclosure of the invention Question: What excludes the inventor from making using selling or offering to sell an invention? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is kept from public disclosure in exchange for a patent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a solution to an intellectual problem? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What grandson inventor exclusive use of an invention for a limited amount of time? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What needs to be new obvious and have an industrial application? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 20th century, the Paris literary community was dominated by Colette, André Gide, François Mauriac, André Malraux, Albert Camus, and, after World War II, by Simone de Beauvoir and Jean-Paul Sartre; Between the wars it was the home of many important expatriate writers, including Ernest Hemingway, Samuel Beckett, and, in the 1970s, Milan Kundera. The winner of the 2014 Nobel Prize in Literature, Patrick Modiano–who lives in Paris–, based most of his literary work on the depiction of the city during World War II and the 1960s-1970s. Question: Who was the winner of the 2014 Nobel prize in literature? Answer: Patrick Modiano Question: In what century did Collete, ANdre Gide and Francois Mauriac dominate the literary community? Answer: 20th Question: In what city does Patrick Modiano live? Answer: Paris Question: During what war did Modiano base most of his work off of? Answer: World War II
Context: Humanitarian Assistance Operations are "programs conducted to relieve or reduce the results of natural or manmade disasters or other endemic conditions such as human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life or that can result in great damage to or loss of property. Humanitarian assistance provided by US forces is limited in scope and duration. The assistance provided is designed to supplement or complement the efforts of the host nation civil authorities or agencies that may have the primary responsibility for providing humanitarian assistance" (JP 1-02). Question: What are programs that are designed to help with natural or manmade disaters? Answer: Humanitarian Assistance Operations Question: What kinds of endemic conditions do the Human Assistance Operations entail? Answer: human pain, disease, hunger, or privation that might present a serious threat to life Question: What kind of Humanitarian assistance is supplied by the US Forces? Answer: limited Question: Who is the Humanitarian support intended to help? Answer: host nation civil authorities or agencies
Context: The Ottomans abolished the feudal system previously in place and applied the millet system to Cyprus, under which non-Muslim peoples were governed by their own religious authorities. In a reversal from the days of Latin rule, the head of the Church of Cyprus was invested as leader of the Greek Cypriot population and acted as mediator between Christian Greek Cypriots and the Ottoman authorities. This status ensured that the Church of Cyprus was in a position to end the constant encroachments of the Roman Catholic Church. Ottoman rule of Cyprus was at times indifferent, at times oppressive, depending on the temperaments of the sultans and local officials, and the island began over 250 years of economic decline. Question: What system did the Ottomans abolish in favor of the millet system? Answer: feudal system Question: Who was invested as the leader of the Greek Cypriot population? Answer: head of the Church of Cyprus Question: Who was the Church of Cyprus hoping to end encroachments of? Answer: Roman Catholic Church Question: How many years did Cyprus face of economic decline? Answer: 250 years
Context: Elsewhere, remnants of the medieval water supply system devised by the friars can still be seen today. Constructed in 1290, the system carried water from Conduit Head (remnants of which survive near Hill Lane, Shirley) some 1.7 kilometres to the site of the friary inside the town walls. The friars granted use of the water to the town in 1310 and passed on ownership of the water supply system itself in 1420. Further remains can be observed at Conduit House on Commercial Road. Question: In what year was the friars' water supply system built in Southampton? Answer: 1290 Question: Where was the water brought from by the friars' supply system? Answer: Conduit Head Question: What year did the friars start letting the rest of Southampton use the water from their system? Answer: 1310 Question: When was ownership of the medieval water supply system given to the town of Southampton? Answer: 1420 Question: What's the name of the landmark on Commercial Road where remains of the friars' water system can be seen? Answer: Conduit House
Context: One of the earliest sexual orientation classification schemes was proposed in the 1860s by Karl Heinrich Ulrichs in a series of pamphlets he published privately. The classification scheme, which was meant only to describe males, separated them into three basic categories: dionings, urnings and uranodionings. An urning can be further categorized by degree of effeminacy. These categories directly correspond with the categories of sexual orientation used today: heterosexual, homosexual, and bisexual. In the series of pamphlets, Ulrichs outlined a set of questions to determine if a man was an urning. The definitions of each category of Ulrichs' classification scheme are as follows: Question: Who created on of the earliest sexual classification schemes? Answer: Karl Heinrich Ulrichs Question: When did Karl Heinrich Ulrichs develop this classification scheme? Answer: in the 1860s Question: Was his classification scheme meant for males or females? Answer: meant only to describe males Question: What three categories are used in Ulrichs scheme? Answer: dionings, urnings and uranodionings Question: What did these three categories correspond with? Answer: the categories of sexual orientation used today:
Context: From 1988 to 1997, the BBC and Sky Sports had coverage of the FA Cup, the BBC had highlights on Match of the Day and usually one match per round while Sky had the same deal. From 1997 to 2001, ITV and Sky shared live coverage with both having two matches per round and BBC continuing with highlights on Match of the Day. From 2002 to 2008, BBC and Sky again shared coverage with BBC having two or three matches per round and Sky having one or two. From 2008–09 to 2013–14, FA Cup matches are shown live by ITV across England and Wales, with UTV broadcasting to Northern Ireland but STV refusing to show them. ITV shows 16 FA Cup games per season, including the first pick of live matches from each of the first to sixth rounds of the competition, plus one semi-final exclusively live. The final is also shown live on ITV. Under the same 2008 contract, Setanta Sports showed three games and one replay in each round from round three to five, two quarter-finals, one semi-final and the final. The channel also broadcast ITV's matches exclusively to Scotland, after the ITV franchise holder in Scotland, STV, decided not to broadcast FA Cup games. Setanta entered administration in June 2009 and as a result the FA terminated Setanta's deal to broadcast FA-sanctioned competitions and England internationals. As a result of Setanta going out of business ITV showed the competition exclusively in the 2009–10 season with between three and four matches per round, all quarter finals, semi-finals and final live as the FA could not find a pay TV broadcaster in time. ESPN bought the competition for the 2010–11 to 2012–13 season and during this time Rebecca Lowe became the first woman to host the FA Cup Final in the UK. Question: Who had FA cup coverage from 1988-1997? Answer: From 1988 to 1997, the BBC and Sky Sports had coverage of the FA Cup Question: How are the games broadcast now? Answer: , FA Cup matches are shown live by ITV across England and Wales, with UTV broadcasting to Northern Ireland Question: Does anyone refuse to show them? Answer: STV refusing to show them Question: Has a woman ever broadcast a match? Answer: Rebecca Lowe became the first woman to host the FA Cup Final in the UK. Question: What year did rebecca host the match? Answer: for the 2010–11 to 2012–13 season Question: What network has never covered the FA Cup? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What networks refused to share live coverage with each other? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What network has never refused to show a match? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What network only broadcasts outside of Scotland? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the last woman to host the FA Cup Final? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Eastern Catholic cardinals continue to wear the normal dress appropriate to their liturgical tradition, though some may line their cassocks with scarlet and wear scarlet fascias, or in some cases, wear Eastern-style cassocks entirely of scarlet. Question: Which Cardinals still wear traditional clothing? Answer: Eastern Catholic cardinals Question: What do Western Catholic cardinals continue to wear? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do Western Catholic cardinals sometimes line? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color are Western style cassocks made entirely of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What traditional dress do eastern Catholic deacons continue to wear? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The late 1980s saw a series of liberalising economic reforms within Libya designed to cope with the decline in oil revenues. In May 1987, Gaddafi announced the start of the "Revolution within a Revolution", which began with reforms to industry and agriculture and saw the re-opening of small business. Restrictions were placed on the activities of the Revolutionary Committees; in March 1988, their role was narrowed by the newly created Ministry for Mass Mobilization and Revolutionary Leadership to restrict their violence and judicial role, while in August 1988 Gaddafi publicly criticised them, asserting that "they deviated, harmed, tortured" and that "the true revolutionary does not practise repression." In March, hundreds of political prisoners were freed, with Gaddafi falsely claiming that there were no further political prisoners in Libya. In June, Libya's government issued the Great Green Charter on Human Rights in the Era of the Masses, in which 27 articles laid out goals, rights and guarantees to improve the situation of human rights in Libya, restricting the use of the death penalty and calling for its eventual abolition. Many of the measures suggested in the charter would be implemented the following year, although others remained inactive. Also in 1989, the government founded the Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights, to be awarded to figures from the Third World who had struggled against colonialism and imperialism; the first year's winner was South African anti-apartheid activist Nelson Mandela. From 1994 through to 1997, the government initiated cleansing committees to root out corruption, particularly in the economic sector. Question: In what year did the "Revolution within a Revolution" begin? Answer: 1987 Question: In what year was the Ministry for Mass Mobilization and Revolutionary Leadership created? Answer: 1988 Question: How many articles were contained in the Great Green Charter on Human Rights in the Era of the Masses? Answer: 27 Question: Who won the Al-Gaddafi International Prize for Human Rights in 1989? Answer: Nelson Mandela Question: What was Mandela's nationality? Answer: South African
Context: Before World War II, Oklahoma City developed major stockyards, attracting jobs and revenue formerly in Chicago and Omaha, Nebraska. With the 1928 discovery of oil within the city limits (including under the State Capitol), Oklahoma City became a major center of oil production. Post-war growth accompanied the construction of the Interstate Highway System, which made Oklahoma City a major interchange as the convergence of I-35, I-40 and I-44. It was also aided by federal development of Tinker Air Force Base. Question: When was oil discovered in the city limits? Answer: 1928 Question: What routes used Oklahoma City as a major route change? Answer: I-35, I-40 and I-44
Context: Brass, which is an alloy of copper and zinc, has been used since at least the 10th century BC in Judea and by the 7th century BC in Ancient Greece. Zinc metal was not produced on a large scale until the 12th century in India and was unknown to Europe until the end of the 16th century. The mines of Rajasthan have given definite evidence of zinc production going back to the 6th century BC. To date, the oldest evidence of pure zinc comes from Zawar, in Rajasthan, as early as the 9th century AD when a distillation process was employed to make pure zinc. Alchemists burned zinc in air to form what they called "philosopher's wool" or "white snow". Question: What two metals are mixed to create Brass? Answer: copper and zinc Question: When was brass first used? Answer: 10th Question: Where was zinc first produced on a large scale? Answer: India Question: When was zinc introduced to Europe? Answer: end of the 16th century Question: Where is the oldest evidence of pure zinc? Answer: Zawar Question: Brass is an alloy of what two elements? Answer: copper and zinc Question: The earliest uses of brass has been attributed to what ancient location? Answer: Judea Question: We have evidence of zinc production dating back to the 6th century thanks to what mine? Answer: Rajasthan Question: What early process was used to make zinc? Answer: distillation process Question: What were the names given to zinc by early alchemists? Answer: "philosopher's wool" or "white snow" Question: What three metals are mixed to create brass? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was brass forbidden from use? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was zinc outlawed in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the only evidence of pure zinc? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What early process was used to dissolve zinc? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Cardinals elevated to the diaconal order are mainly officials of the Roman Curia holding various posts in the church administration. Their number and influence has varied through the years. While historically predominantly Italian the group has become much more internationally diverse in later years. While in 1939 about half were Italian by 1994 the number was reduced to one third. Their influence in the election of the Pope has been considered important, they are better informed and connected than the dislocated cardinals but their level of unity has been varied. Under the 1587 decree of Pope Sixtus V, which fixed the maximum size of the College of Cardinals, there were 14 cardinal deacons. Later the number increased. As late as 1939 almost half of the cardinals were members of the curia. Pius XII reduced this percentage to 24 percent. John XXIII brought it back up to 37 percent but Paul VI brought it down to 27 percent where John Paul II has maintained this ratio. Question: In 1939, how many Cardinals were Italian? Answer: about half Question: In 1994, how many Cardinals were Italian? Answer: third Question: Where are priests that are elevated to the diaconal order mainly officials of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Cardinals were French in 1939? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Cardinals were French in 1994? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many cardinals were members of the curia in 1929? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Pope Sixtus I fix the maximum size of the College of Cardinals? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to Italian fashion designer Roberto Cavalli, Beyoncé uses different fashion styles to work with her music while performing. Her mother co-wrote a book, published in 2002, titled Destiny's Style an account of how fashion had an impact on the trio's success. The B'Day Anthology Video Album showed many instances of fashion-oriented footage, depicting classic to contemporary wardrobe styles. In 2007, Beyoncé was featured on the cover of the Sports Illustrated Swimsuit Issue, becoming the second African American woman after Tyra Banks, and People magazine recognized Beyoncé as the best-dressed celebrity. Question: Which parent of Beyonce's help co-write a book? Answer: Her mother Question: Which African-American woman before Beyonce had posed for SI Swimsuit issue? Answer: Tyra Banks Question: What was the title of Beyonce's mother's book? Answer: Destiny's Style Question: When was she on the Sports Illustrated cover? Answer: 2007 Question: Who was she the second African American on the cover after? Answer: Tyra Banks Question: Beyoncé was the second African American woman featured as a swimsuit cover on the magazine, who was first? Answer: Tyra Banks Question: What magazine said Beyoncé was the "best-dressed celebrity"? Answer: People
Context: A government report covered by the Guardian in 2002 indicates that between 1940 and 1979, the Ministry of Defence "turned large parts of the country into a giant laboratory to conduct a series of secret germ warfare tests on the public" and many of these tests "involved releasing potentially dangerous chemicals and micro-organisms over vast swaths of the population without the public being told." The Ministry of Defence claims that these trials were to simulate germ warfare and that the tests were harmless. Still, families who have been in the area of many of the tests are experiencing children with birth defects and physical and mental handicaps and many are asking for a public inquiry. According to the report these tests affected estimated millions of people including one period between 1961 and 1968 where "more than a million people along the south coast of England, from Torquay to the New Forest, were exposed to bacteria including e.coli and bacillus globigii, which mimics anthrax." Two scientists commissioned by the Ministry of Defence stated that these trials posed no risk to the public. This was confirmed by Sue Ellison, a representative of Porton Down who said that the results from these trials "will save lives, should the country or our forces face an attack by chemical and biological weapons." Asked whether such tests are still being carried out, she said: "It is not our policy to discuss ongoing research." It is unknown whether or not the harmlessness of the trials was known at the time of their occurrence. Question: What publication released a report about the Ministry of Defence in 2002? Answer: the Guardian Question: What was the MoD accused of doing to the public? Answer: secret germ warfare tests Question: What are the children of some families in the area of the testing experiencing? Answer: children with birth defects and physical and mental handicaps Question: When was the supposed germ warfare testing taking place? Answer: between 1940 and 1979 Question: When were millions of people supposedly exposed to e. coli and an anthrax-like bacteria? Answer: between 1961 and 1968 Question: What was released by Porton Down in 2002? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Porton Down do between 1940 and 1979? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the purpose of Porton Down releasing germs on the public unknowingly? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Torquay say about the secret germ warfare tests? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Guardian asking for regarding the secret tests? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Glaciers are broken into zones based on surface snowpack and melt conditions. The ablation zone is the region where there is a net loss in glacier mass. The equilibrium line separates the ablation zone and the accumulation zone; it is the altitude where the amount of new snow gained by accumulation is equal to the amount of ice lost through ablation. The upper part of a glacier, where accumulation exceeds ablation, is called the accumulation zone. In general, the accumulation zone accounts for 60–70% of the glacier's surface area, more if the glacier calves icebergs. Ice in the accumulation zone is deep enough to exert a downward force that erodes underlying rock. After a glacier melts, it often leaves behind a bowl- or amphitheater-shaped depression that ranges in size from large basins like the Great Lakes to smaller mountain depressions known as cirques. Question: What characteristics determine glacial zones? Answer: surface snowpack and melt conditions Question: Which glacial zone area reports a net-loss in glacial mass? Answer: ablation zone Question: What is the name of the line seperating the ablation zone from the accumulation zone? Answer: equilibrium line Question: How much glacial surface area is typically considered accumulation zone? Answer: 60–70% Question: What is based on suface ice and melt conditions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Wht line marks the center of the glacier? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the abilation zone cover 60-70% of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What forces underlying rock upward? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What lakes where formed from a mountain depression Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first department store in Spain was Almacenes el Siglo opened in October 1881 in Barcelona. Following the 2002 closure by the Australian group Partridges of their SEPU (Sociedad Española de Precios Unicos) department store chain, which was one of Spain's oldest, the market is now dominated by El Corte Inglés, founded in 1934 as a drapery store. El Corte Inglés stores tend to be vast buildings, selling a very broad range of products and the group also controls a number of other retail formats including supermarket chain 'Supercor' and hypermarket chain 'Hipercor'. Other competitors such as 'Simago' and 'Galerías Preciados' closed in the 1990s, however El Corte Inglés, faces major competition from French discount operators such as Carrefour and Auchan. Question: What was the name of the first Spanish department store? Answer: Almacenes el Siglo Question: When was the first Spanish department store opened? Answer: October 1881 Question: What department store brand now owns most of the market in Spain? Answer: El Corte Inglés Question: When was El Corte Ingles established? Answer: 1934 Question: What wasn't the name of the first Spanish department store? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the last Spanish department store? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the first Spanish department store closed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was El Corte Ingles demolished? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What department store brand now rents most of the market in Spain? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Environmental anthropology is a sub-specialty within the field of anthropology that takes an active role in examining the relationships between humans and their environment across space and time. The contemporary perspective of environmental anthropology, and arguably at least the backdrop, if not the focus of most of the ethnographies and cultural fieldworks of today, is political ecology. Many characterize this new perspective as more informed with culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more. The focus and data interpretation is often used for arguments for/against or creation of policy, and to prevent corporate exploitation and damage of land. Often, the observer has become an active part of the struggle either directly (organizing, participation) or indirectly (articles, documentaries, books, ethnographies). Such is the case with environmental justice advocate Melissa Checker and her relationship with the people of Hyde Park. Question: Which sub-specialty of anthropology takes an active role in looking at how humans interact with their environment? Answer: Environmental Question: What is the focus of most of the field work in environmental anthropology today? Answer: political ecology Question: What do many characterize the new perspective as being more informed with? Answer: culture, politics and power, globalization, localized issues, and more. Question: The data interpretation of environmental anthropology can be used to prevent what type of exploitation? Answer: corporate Question: Who does Melissa Checker have a relationship with? Answer: people of Hyde Park Question: What field examines the environment and its affect of life? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the first focus of field work in environmental anthropology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the observer never become part of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Israel is served by two international airports, Ben Gurion International Airport, the country's main hub for international air travel near Tel Aviv-Yafo, Ovda Airport in the south, as well as several small domestic airports. Ben Gurion, Israel's largest airport, handled over 12.1 million passengers in 2010. On the Mediterranean coast, Haifa Port is the country's oldest and largest port, while Ashdod Port is one of the few deep water ports in the world built on the open sea. In addition to these, the smaller Port of Eilat is situated on the Red Sea, and is used mainly for trading with Far East countries. Question: What is the country's main hub for international air travel? Answer: Ben Gurion International Airport Question: What is the country's oldest and largest port? Answer: Haifa Port Question: How many international airports are in Israel? Answer: two
Context: Three community college districts exist with campuses in and around Houston. The Houston Community College System serves most of Houston. The northwestern through northeastern parts of the city are served by various campuses of the Lone Star College System, while the southeastern portion of Houston is served by San Jacinto College, and a northeastern portion is served by Lee College. The Houston Community College and Lone Star College systems are within the 10 largest institutions of higher learning in the United States. Question: How many community colleges serve Houston? Answer: Three Question: How are the Houston Community College and Lone Star College systems ranked among educational facilities? Answer: within the 10 largest Question: What college system serves most of Houston? Answer: Houston Community College System Question: Which community college system serves the northwestern and northeastern areas? Answer: Lone Star College System Question: What part of Houston does San Jacinto College serve? Answer: southeastern Question: How many community colleges serve Texas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How are the Texas Community College and Lone Star College systems ranked among educational facilities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What college system serves most of Texas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which community college system serves the southwestern and southeastern areas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What part of Texas does San Jacinto College serve? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the United States, botanist Asa Gray an American colleague of Darwin negotiated with a Boston publisher for publication of an authorised American version, but learnt that two New York publishing firms were already planning to exploit the absence of international copyright to print Origin. Darwin was delighted by the popularity of the book, and asked Gray to keep any profits. Gray managed to negotiate a 5% royalty with Appleton's of New York, who got their edition out in mid January 1860, and the other two withdrew. In a May letter, Darwin mentioned a print run of 2,500 copies, but it is not clear if this referred to the first printing only as there were four that year. Question: Why couldn't Asa Gray use a Boston publisher for an American version of On the Origin of Species? Answer: two New York publishing firms were already planning to exploit the absence of international copyright to print Origin Question: How much of a royalty was Gray able to negotiate with a New York publisher for On the Origin of Species? Answer: a 5% royalty Question: When was the first American edition of On the Origin of Species published? Answer: mid January 1860 Question: What did Darwin decide to do with the profits of the American version of On the Origin of Species? Answer: asked Gray to keep any profits Question: What was the print run that Darwin mentioned for On the Origin of Species? Answer: 2,500 copies
Context: In recent years the city government, under Mayor Manny Diaz, has taken an ambitious stance in support of bicycling in Miami for both recreation and commuting. Every month, the city hosts "Bike Miami", where major streets in Downtown and Brickell are closed to automobiles, but left open for pedestrians and bicyclists. The event began in November 2008, and has doubled in popularity from 1,500 participants to about 3,000 in the October 2009 Bike Miami. This is the longest-running such event in the US. In October 2009, the city also approved an extensive 20-year plan for bike routes and paths around the city. The city has begun construction of bike routes as of late 2009, and ordinances requiring bike parking in all future construction in the city became mandatory as of October 2009. Question: What cannot travel on Downtown Miami streets during "Bike Miami"? Answer: automobiles Question: How many people participated in Bike Miami in October of 2009? Answer: 3,000 Question: Who was a recent mayor of Miami? Answer: Manny Diaz Question: Along with Downtown, in what neighborhood of Miami does Bike Miami take place? Answer: Brickell Question: In what month in 2008 did Bike Miami start? Answer: November Question: What can travel on Downtown Miami streets during "Bike Miami"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people participated in Bike Miami in October of 2008? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was a non-recent mayor of Miami? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with Uptown, in what neighborhood of Miami does Bike Miami take place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what month in 2018 did Bike Miami start? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: All of the state frequently experiences temperatures above 100 °F (38 °C) or below 0 °F (−18 °C), though below-zero temperatures are rare in south-central and southeastern Oklahoma. Snowfall ranges from an average of less than 4 inches (10 cm) in the south to just over 20 inches (51 cm) on the border of Colorado in the panhandle. The state is home to the Storm Prediction Center, the National Severe Storms Laboratory, and the Warning Decision Training Branch, all part of the National Weather Service and located in Norman. Oklahoma's highest recorded temperature of 120 °F (49 °C) was recorded at Tipton on June 27, 1994 and the lowest recorded temperature of −31 °F (−35 °C) was recorded at Nowata on February 10, 2011. Question: What parts of Oklahoma rarely see below-zero temperatures? Answer: south-central and southeastern Question: What is the average snowfall in southern Oklahoma? Answer: less than 4 inches Question: What is the average snowfall in Oklahoma near the Colorado border? Answer: over 20 inches Question: Where is the Storm Prediction Center located? Answer: Norman Question: What was Oklahoma's record high temperature? Answer: 120 °F
Context: Herman Goldstine wrote: "One of his remarkable abilities was his power of absolute recall. As far as I could tell, von Neumann was able on once reading a book or article to quote it back verbatim; moreover, he could do it years later without hesitation. He could also translate it at no diminution in speed from its original language into English. On one occasion I tested his ability by asking him to tell me how A Tale of Two Cities started. Whereupon, without any pause, he immediately began to recite the first chapter and continued until asked to stop after about ten or fifteen minutes." Ulam noted that von Neumann's way of thinking might not be visual, but more of an aural one. Question: What did Herman Goldstone write about von NEumann? Answer: One of his remarkable abilities was his power of absolute recall. Question: Could von Neumann recall written text much later? Answer: he immediately began to recite the first chapter and continued until asked to stop after about ten or fifteen minutes. Question: What did Ulam think of von Nuemann's cognitive ability? Answer: von Neumann's way of thinking might not be visual, but more of an aural one.
Context: Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 52.2 years in 2012 – among the lowest in the world. The AIDS epidemic is a large problem in Namibia. Though its rate of infection is substantially lower than that of its eastern neighbour, Botswana, approximately 13.1% of the adult population is[update] infected with HIV. In 2001, there were an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, and the estimated death toll in 2003 was 16,000. According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, the epidemic in Namibia "appears to be leveling off." As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reduced the working-aged population, the number of orphans has increased. It falls to the government to provide education, food, shelter and clothing for these orphans. Question: What is the life expectancy in Namibia? Answer: 52.2 Question: What epidemic is a large problem in Namibia? Answer: AIDS Question: How much of the Namibian population is infected with HIV? Answer: 13.1% Question: How many people living in 2001 had HIV/AIDS in Namibia? Answer: 210,000 Question: How many deaths were associated with HIV/AIDS in Namibia in 2003? Answer: 16,000. Question: How many orphans are there in Namibia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people in Botswana have HIV/AIDS? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of the people in Botswana have HIV? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the HIV/AIDS epidemic numbers doing in Botswana? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the age expectancy in Botswana as of 2012? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Dwight Goddard collected a sample of Buddhist scriptures, with the emphasis on Zen, along with other classics of Eastern philosophy, such as the Tao Te Ching, into his 'Buddhist Bible' in the 1920s. More recently, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single, combined document of Buddhist principles in "The Buddha and His Dhamma". Other such efforts have persisted to present day, but currently there is no single text that represents all Buddhist traditions. Question: Goddard collected mainly what type of Buddhist scripture? Answer: Zen Question: Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar attempted to create a single combined document with all Buddhist principles and called it? Answer: The Buddha and His Dhamma
Context: The Buddhist texts are probably the earliest describing meditation techniques. They describe meditative practices and states that existed before the Buddha as well as those first developed within Buddhism. Two Upanishads written after the rise of Buddhism do contain full-fledged descriptions of yoga as a means to liberation. Question: What are probably the earliest texts describing meditation techniques? Answer: Buddhist texts Question: What describes meditative states exising before the Buddha? Answer: Buddhist texts Question: What two items were written after the rise of Buddhism? Answer: Upanishads
Context: The hypnotic electronic dance song "On and On", produced in 1984 by Chicago DJ Jesse Saunders and co-written by Vince Lawrence, had elements that became staples of the early house sound, such as the Roland TB-303 bass synthesizer and minimal vocals as well as a Roland (specifically TR-808) drum machine and Korg (specifically Poly-61) synthesizer. It also utilized the bassline from Player One's disco record "Space Invaders" (1979). "On and On" is sometimes cited as the 'first house record', though other examples from around that time, such as J.M. Silk's "Music is the Key" (1985), have also been cited. Question: who produced the song "on and on" in 1984? Answer: Jesse Saunders Question: where was jesse saunders from? Answer: Chicago Question: who co-wrote the hit song "on and on" in 1984? Answer: Vince Lawrence Question: what type of bass synthesizer was a staple of the early house sound? Answer: Roland TB-303 Question: when was player one's "space invaders" released? Answer: 1979 Question: Who produced the song "Roland" in 1984? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Jesse Roland from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who co-wrote the hit song "Roland" in 1984? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of bass synthesizer was a staple of the early Sanders sound? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was player one's "Space Key" released? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Chapter VI begins by saying the next three chapters will address possible objections to the theory, the first being that often no intermediate forms between closely related species are found, though the theory implies such forms must have existed. As Darwin noted, "Firstly, why, if species have descended from other species by insensibly fine gradations, do we not everywhere see innumerable transitional forms? Why is not all nature in confusion, instead of the species being, as we see them, well defined?" Darwin attributed this to the competition between different forms, combined with the small number of individuals of intermediate forms, often leading to extinction of such forms. This difficulty can be referred to as the absence or rarity of transitional varieties in habitat space. Question: What is one possible objection to the theory of integrated variation? Answer: often no intermediate forms between closely related species are found Question: Why did Darwin wonder why all of nature isn't chaotic and random? Answer: why, if species have descended from other species by insensibly fine gradations, do we not everywhere see innumerable transitional forms? Question: What did Darwin ultimately decide was the reason that nature is not a chaos of variation? Answer: the competition between different forms, combined with the small number of individuals of intermediate forms, often leading to extinction of such forms.
Context: Any philosophy that assigns crucial importance to the ideal or spiritual realm in its account of human existence may be termed "idealist". Metaphysical idealism is an ontological doctrine that holds that reality itself is incorporeal or experiential at its core. Beyond this, idealists disagree on which aspects of the mental are more basic. Platonic idealism affirms that abstractions are more basic to reality than the things we perceive, while subjective idealists and phenomenalists tend to privilege sensory experience over abstract reasoning. Epistemological idealism is the view that reality can only be known through ideas, that only psychological experience can be apprehended by the mind. Question: What is the term used for philosophies that consider the spiritual to be of paramount importance? Answer: idealist Question: What branch of idealism believes that reality is fundamentally nonphysical? Answer: Metaphysical Question: What branch of idealism sees abstracts as more real than perceived objects? Answer: Platonic Question: Along with phenomenalists, what idealists believe the senses are more important than reason? Answer: subjective Question: What branch of idealism believes that we can only know the real world via ideas? Answer: Epistemological Question: Philosophies that regard the spiritual realm highly cannot be called what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of doctrine says reality is corporeal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What aspects of the mental do idealists agree on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Platonic idealism's understanding of abstractions is similar to what view? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What view believes ideas are irrelevant to the real world? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In towns, which expanded greatly during the period, landowners turned into property developers, and rows of identical terraced houses became the norm. Even the wealthy were persuaded to live in these in town, especially if provided with a square of garden in front of the house. There was an enormous amount of building in the period, all over the English-speaking world, and the standards of construction were generally high. Where they have not been demolished, large numbers of Georgian buildings have survived two centuries or more, and they still form large parts of the core of cities such as London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol. Question: During the period of Georgian architecture what did landowners turn into? Answer: property developers Question: Where do many buildings constructed during the period of Georgian architecture still exist today? Answer: London, Edinburgh, Dublin and Bristol Question: What benefit convinced many wealthy people to move into town during this time? Answer: a square of garden Question: What part of the world was mostly dominated by Georgian architecture? Answer: all over the English-speaking world Question: What quality were the buildings constructed during that time? Answer: generally high Question: Who did landowner sell to during the Georgian period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During what period did rows of unique terraced houses become the norm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were the wealthy and poor persuaded to live? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what part of the world was there moderate amount of building Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did so few Georgian buildings survived for two centuries or more? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: By the beginning of the 20th century, the city's population had reached 85,050 in 5 square miles (13 km2), making it the most densely populated city in the Southern United States. In 1900, the Census Bureau reported Richmond's population as 62.1% white and 37.9% black. Freed slaves and their descendants created a thriving African-American business community, and the city's historic Jackson Ward became known as the "Wall Street of Black America." In 1903, African-American businesswoman and financier Maggie L. Walker chartered St. Luke Penny Savings Bank, and served as its first president, as well as the first female bank president in the United States. Today, the bank is called the Consolidated Bank and Trust Company, and it is the oldest surviving African-American bank in the U.S. Other figures from this time included John Mitchell, Jr. In 1910, the former city of Manchester was consolidated with the city of Richmond, and in 1914, the city annexed Barton Heights, Ginter Park, and Highland Park areas of Henrico County. In May 1914, Richmond became the headquarters of the Fifth District of the Federal Reserve Bank. Question: When the 1900s began, how many people lived in Richmond? Answer: 85,050 Question: How many square kilometers was Richmond at the start of the 20th century? Answer: 13 Question: What percentage of Richmond's 1900 population was African American? Answer: 37.9 Question: What was another name for Richmond's Jackson Ward? Answer: Wall Street of Black America Question: Who was the inaugural president of the St. Luke Penny Savings Bank? Answer: Maggie L. Walker
Context: Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large proportion of the population would have been illiterate and so pictures on a sign were more useful than words as a means of identifying a public house. For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened without a formal written name, the name being derived later from the illustration on the pub's sign. Question: In what historical period was a large portion of the population illiterate? Answer: the Middle Ages Question: From where did pubs without written names derive their names? Answer: the illustration on the pub's sign
Context: Dollar coins have not been very popular in the United States. Silver dollars were minted intermittently from 1794 through 1935; a copper-nickel dollar of the same large size, featuring President Dwight D. Eisenhower, was minted from 1971 through 1978. Gold dollars were also minted in the 19th century. The Susan B. Anthony dollar coin was introduced in 1979; these proved to be unpopular because they were often mistaken for quarters, due to their nearly equal size, their milled edge, and their similar color. Minting of these dollars for circulation was suspended in 1980 (collectors' pieces were struck in 1981), but, as with all past U.S. coins, they remain legal tender. As the number of Anthony dollars held by the Federal Reserve and dispensed primarily to make change in postal and transit vending machines had been virtually exhausted, additional Anthony dollars were struck in 1999. In 2000, a new $1 coin, featuring Sacagawea, (the Sacagawea dollar) was introduced, which corrected some of the problems of the Anthony dollar by having a smooth edge and a gold color, without requiring changes to vending machines that accept the Anthony dollar. However, this new coin has failed to achieve the popularity of the still-existing $1 bill and is rarely used in daily transactions. The failure to simultaneously withdraw the dollar bill and weak publicity efforts have been cited by coin proponents as primary reasons for the failure of the dollar coin to gain popular support. Question: When were silver dollars first minted? Answer: 1794 Question: Who was featured on the copper - nickel dollar? Answer: President Dwight D. Eisenhower Question: Which coin was introduced in 1979? Answer: Susan B. Anthony dollar Question: What did the new $1 coin minted in 2000 feature? Answer: Sacagawea Question: In which century were gold dollars minted? Answer: 19th Question: When were gold dollars first minted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was featured on the milled dollar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which coin was introduced in 1935? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the new $1 coin minted in 1935 feature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which century were milled dollars minted? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The English Province was a component of the international order from which it obtained its laws, direction, and instructions. It was also, however, a group of Englishmen. Its direct supervisors were from England, and the members of the English Province dwelt and labored in English cities, towns, villages, and roadways. English and European ingredients constantly came in contact. The international side of the province's existence influenced the national, and the national responded to, adapted, and sometimes constrained the international. Question: The Dominican Order in England was controlled by who? Answer: Englishmen Question: The national side of the Order was influenced by what other side? Answer: international Question: Why was the English order of the Dominicans so successful in England? Answer: Its direct supervisors were from England Question: Who was the Benedictine Order in England controlled by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What component of the French Province was it influenced by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did members of the French province dwell and labor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did not constantly come into contact? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did not influence the national side of the Order? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At Maecenas' insistence (according to the tradition) Virgil spent the ensuing years (perhaps 37–29 BC) on the long didactic hexameter poem called the Georgics (from Greek, "On Working the Earth") which he dedicated to Maecenas. The ostensible theme of the Georgics is instruction in the methods of running a farm. In handling this theme, Virgil follows in the didactic ("how to") tradition of the Greek poet Hesiod's Works and Days and several works of the later Hellenistic poets. The four books of the Georgics focus respectively on raising crops and trees (1 and 2), livestock and horses (3), and beekeeping and the qualities of bees (4). Well-known passages include the beloved Laus Italiae of Book 2, the prologue description of the temple in Book 3, and the description of the plague at the end of Book 3. Book 4 concludes with a long mythological narrative, in the form of an epyllion which describes vividly the discovery of beekeeping by Aristaeus and the story of Orpheus' journey to the underworld. Ancient scholars, such as Servius, conjectured that the Aristaeus episode replaced, at the emperor's request, a long section in praise of Virgil's friend, the poet Gallus, who was disgraced by Augustus, and who committed suicide in 26 BC. Question: Which long didactic hexameter poem did Virgil work on for several years? Answer: Georgics Question: To whom was Georgics dedicated to? Answer: Maecenas Question: The theme of Georgics is instruction in the methods of what? Answer: running a farm Question: Which of Virgil's poet friends committed suicide in 26 BC? Answer: Gallus Question: Who was Gallus disgraced by? Answer: Augustus Question: Who discovered how to raise crops? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many poems did Hesiod write? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the poet Gallus write about most? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Maecenas' profession? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of poems did Hesiod write? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After the financial crisis of 2007–08, it was known in 2008–2009 that two Portuguese banks (Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP)) had been accumulating losses for years due to bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud. The case of BPN was particularly serious because of its size, market share, and the political implications - Portugal's then current President, Cavaco Silva, and some of his political allies, maintained personal and business relationships with the bank and its CEO, who was eventually charged and arrested for fraud and other crimes. In the grounds of avoiding a potentially serious financial crisis in the Portuguese economy, the Portuguese government decided to give them a bailout, eventually at a future loss to taxpayers and to the Portuguese people in general. Question: In what two years was there a financial crisis? Answer: 2007–08 Question: Which two Portuguese banks had been accumulating losses for years? Answer: Banco Português de Negócios (BPN) and Banco Privado Português (BPP) Question: What caused BPN and BPP to accumulate losses? Answer: bad investments, embezzlement and accounting fraud Question: Why was the case of BPN more serious? Answer: its size, market share, and the political implications Question: On what charge was BPN's CEO arrested? Answer: fraud
Context: Switzerland was the last Western republic to grant women the right to vote. Some Swiss cantons approved this in 1959, while at the federal level it was achieved in 1971 and, after resistance, in the last canton Appenzell Innerrhoden (one of only two remaining Landsgemeinde) in 1990. After obtaining suffrage at the federal level, women quickly rose in political significance, with the first woman on the seven member Federal Council executive being Elisabeth Kopp, who served from 1984–1989, and the first female president being Ruth Dreifuss in 1999. Question: Who did Switzerland finally grant the right to vote to following the rest of the Western republic? Answer: women Question: When were Switzerland women granted the right to vote on a federal level? Answer: 1971 Question: Who was the first woman to serve on the Federal Council? Answer: Elisabeth Kopp Question: Who was Switzerland's first female president? Answer: Ruth Dreifuss Question: In what year did Ruth Dreifuss become president? Answer: 1999
Context: For instance, a common use of a database system is to track information about users, their name, login information, various addresses and phone numbers. In the navigational approach all of this data would be placed in a single record, and unused items would simply not be placed in the database. In the relational approach, the data would be normalized into a user table, an address table and a phone number table (for instance). Records would be created in these optional tables only if the address or phone numbers were actually provided. Question: How is a database system frequently used? Answer: to track information about users Question: How is information stored in a navigational system? Answer: in a single record Question: What happens to blank data fields in a navigational system? Answer: not be placed in the database Question: How is information stored in a relational system? Answer: normalized into a user table Question: How is a database system rarely used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is information discarded in a navigational system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens to full data fields in a navigational system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is information lost in a relational system? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Vehicles typically include headlamps and tail lights. Headlamps are white or selective yellow lights placed in the front of the vehicle, designed to illuminate the upcoming road and to make the vehicle more visible. Many manufactures are turning to LED headlights as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional headlamps. Tail and brake lights are red and emit light to the rear so as to reveal the vehicle's direction of travel to following drivers. White rear-facing reversing lamps indicate that the vehicle's transmission has been placed in the reverse gear, warning anyone behind the vehicle that it is moving backwards, or about to do so. Flashing turn signals on the front, side, and rear of the vehicle indicate an intended change of position or direction. In the late 1950s, some automakers began to use electroluminescent technology to backlight their cars' speedometers and other gauges or to draw attention to logos or other decorative elements. Question: What color are tail lights? Answer: red Question: What color are headlamps on a vehicle? Answer: white or selective yellow Question: When did automakers start using electroluminescent technology to backlight gauges? Answer: late 1950s Question: What color are reversing indicator lamps? Answer: White Question: What indicates that a driver is intending to change position? Answer: turn signals
Context: Identity development is a stage in the adolescent life cycle. For most, the search for identity begins in the adolescent years. During these years, adolescents are more open to 'trying on' different behaviours and appearances to discover who they are. In other words, in an attempt to find their identity and discover who they are adolescents are liking to cycle through a number of identities to find one that suits them best. But, developing and maintaining identity (in adolescent years) is a difficult task due to multiple factors such as family life, environment, and social status. Empirical studies suggest that this process might be more accurately described as identity development, rather than formation, but confirms a normative process of change in both content and structure of one's thoughts about the self. The two main aspects of identity development are self-clarity and self-esteem. Since choices made during adolescent years can influence later life, high levels of self-awareness and self-control during mid-adolescence will lead to better decisions during the transition to adulthood.[citation needed] Researchers have used three general approaches to understanding identity development: self-concept, sense of identity, and self-esteem. The years of adolescence create a more conscientious group of young adults. Adolescents pay close attention and give more time and effort to their appearance as their body goes through changes. Unlike children, teens put forth an effort to look presentable (1991). The environment in which an adolescent grows up also plays an important role in their identity development. Studies done by the American Psychological Association have shown that adolescents with a less privileged upbringing have a more difficult time developing their identity. Question: When does the search for identity begin for most individuals? Answer: adolescent years Question: What are some factors that make developing and maintaining an identity during the adolescent years a difficult task? Answer: family life, environment, and social status Question: What are two main aspects of identity development? Answer: self-clarity and self-esteem Question: What are the three general approaches to understanding identity development? Answer: self-concept, sense of identity, and self-esteem Question: Do adolescents with a less privileged upbringing have a more or less difficult time developing their identity? Answer: more difficult
Context: After Kim Jong Il, the second ruler of North Korea, died in December 2011, Kim Jong Un stepped up and began mandating the use of Hanja as a source of definition for the Korean language. Currently, it is said that North Korea teaches around 3,000 Hanja characters to North Korean students, and in some cases, the characters appear within advertisements and newspapers. However, it is also said that the authorities implore students not to use the characters in public. Due to North Korea's strict isolationism, accurate reports about hanja use in North Korea are hard to obtain. Question: When did the second ruler of North Korea pass away? Answer: December 2011 Question: Who stepped up after 2011? Answer: Kim Jong Un Question: Who began moderating the use of Hanja? Answer: Kim Jong Un
Context: On the next day, December 18, protests turned into civil unrest as clashes between troops, volunteers, militia units, and Kazakh students turned into a wide-scale confrontation. The clashes could only be controlled on the third day. The Almaty events were followed by smaller protests and demonstrations in Shymkent, Pavlodar, Karaganda, and Taldykorgan. Reports from Kazakh SSR authorities estimated that the riots drew 3,000 people. Other estimates are of at least 30,000 to 40,000 protestors with 5,000 arrested and jailed, and an unknown number of casualties. Jeltoqsan leaders say over 60,000 Kazakhs participated in the protests. According to the Kazakh SSR government, there were two deaths during the riots, including a volunteer police worker and a student. Both of them had died due to blows to the head. About 100 others were detained and several others were sentenced to terms in labor camps. Sources cited by the Library of Congress claimed that at least 200 people died or were summarily executed soon thereafter; some accounts estimate casualties at more than 1,000. The writer Mukhtar Shakhanov claimed that a KGB officer testified that 168 protesters were killed, but that figure remains unconfirmed. Question: Who was demonstrating? Answer: Kazakh students Question: How many people were estimated by authorities to have attended the riots? Answer: 3,000 Question: What were the attendance estimates from non governmental groups? Answer: 30,000 to 40,000 Question: How did the Kazakh SSR government say the two protesters were killed? Answer: blows to the head Question: Who wrote about the KGB officer's testimony? Answer: Mukhtar Shakhanov
Context: Marvel held its own comic book convention, Marvelcon '75, in spring 1975, and promised a Marvelcon '76. At the 1975 event, Stan Lee used a Fantastic Four panel discussion to announce that Jack Kirby, the artist co-creator of most of Marvel's signature characters, was returning to Marvel after having left in 1970 to work for rival DC Comics. In October 1976, Marvel, which already licensed reprints in different countries, including the UK, created a superhero specifically for the British market. Captain Britain debuted exclusively in the UK, and later appeared in American comics. Question: What was Marvel's self-hosted comic book convention called? Answer: Marvelcon Question: What artist's return to Marvel was announced at this event? Answer: Jack Kirby Question: What Marvel character was specifically created to appeal to the UK market? Answer: Captain Britain Question: When was the first Marvel-sponsored comics convention? Answer: spring 1975 Question: When did Marvel's British-themed superhero first appear? Answer: October 1976 Question: Who did Jack Kirby announce was returning to Marvel in 1975? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What marvel character was announced at the first Marvelcon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was DC Comic's 1975 convention called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who created most of DC's star characters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Marvel become licensed to distribute in the UK? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1886, Frank Julian Sprague invented the first practical DC motor, a non-sparking motor that maintained relatively constant speed under variable loads. Other Sprague electric inventions about this time greatly improved grid electric distribution (prior work done while employed by Thomas Edison), allowed power from electric motors to be returned to the electric grid, provided for electric distribution to trolleys via overhead wires and the trolley pole, and provided controls systems for electric operations. This allowed Sprague to use electric motors to invent the first electric trolley system in 1887–88 in Richmond VA, the electric elevator and control system in 1892, and the electric subway with independently powered centrally controlled cars, which were first installed in 1892 in Chicago by the South Side Elevated Railway where it became popularly known as the "L". Sprague's motor and related inventions led to an explosion of interest and use in electric motors for industry, while almost simultaneously another great inventor was developing its primary competitor, which would become much more widespread. The development of electric motors of acceptable efficiency was delayed for several decades by failure to recognize the extreme importance of a relatively small air gap between rotor and stator. Efficient designs have a comparatively small air gap. [a] The St. Louis motor, long used in classrooms to illustrate motor principles, is extremely inefficient for the same reason, as well as appearing nothing like a modern motor. Question: What needs to exist between the rotor and stator for increased efficiency? Answer: small air gap Question: Which inventor created the first useful DC motor? Answer: Frank Julian Sprague Question: What was the transportation advancement made possible by Sprague's designs? Answer: electric trolley system Question: What was the name of Chicago's first electric trolley system? Answer: South Side Elevated Railway Question: Who did Sprague work for early in his career? Answer: Thomas Edison Question: What can't exist between the rotor and stator for increased efficiency? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which inventor created the first useful DC motor? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the transportation advancement made impossible by Sprague's designs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of Chicago's last electric trolley system? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Sprague not work for early in his career? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The public water supply network was completed in 1850, and in 1858 the architects Sebastián Monleón Estellés, Antonino Sancho, and Timoteo Calvo drafted a general expansion project for the city that included demolishing its ancient walls (a second version was printed in 1868). Neither proposed project received final approval, but they did serve as a guide, though not closely followed, for future growth. By 1860 the municipality had 140,416 inhabitants, and beginning in 1866 the ancient city walls were almost entirely demolished to facilitate urban expansion. Electricity was introduced to Valencia in 1882. Question: When were plans for city expansion drawn? Answer: 1858 Question: What was finished in 1850? Answer: public water supply network Question: When did Valencia get electricity? Answer: 1882 Question: What was knocked down in 1866? Answer: city walls Question: What was Valencia's population in 1860? Answer: 140,416
Context: One such reaction to the cold aesthetic of modernism and Brutalism is the school of metaphoric architecture, which includes such things as biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture, both using nature as the primary source of inspiration and design. While it is considered by some to be merely an aspect of postmodernism, others consider it to be a school in its own right and a later development of expressionist architecture. Question: What school was a response to Brutalism? Answer: the school of metaphoric architecture Question: What are two examples of metaphoric architecture? Answer: biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture Question: What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture based after design wise? Answer: nature Question: What type of architecture do some consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of? Answer: expressionist architecture Question: What school was a warm aesthetic of modernism Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two examples of non-metaphoric architecture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are biomorphism and zoomorphic architecture not based after design wise? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of architecture does nobody consider metaphoric architecture to be a development of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Recent years have seen increasing applications of genetic and genomic techniques to the study of the brain and a focus on the roles of neurotrophic factors and physical activity in neuroplasticity. The most common subjects are mice, because of the availability of technical tools. It is now possible with relative ease to "knock out" or mutate a wide variety of genes, and then examine the effects on brain function. More sophisticated approaches are also being used: for example, using Cre-Lox recombination it is possible to activate or deactivate genes in specific parts of the brain, at specific times. Question: What is the most common test subjects for studying of the brain? Answer: mice
Context: It is said[by whom?] on one side of this debate that separation of powers means that powers are shared among different branches; no one branch may act unilaterally on issues (other than perhaps minor questions), but must obtain some form of agreement across branches. That is, it is argued that "checks and balances" apply to the Judicial branch as well as to the other branches. Question: What term is used when one branch of government must get approval from at least one other branch of government? Answer: checks and balances Question: What does combination of powers mean? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does not apply to the judicial branch? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does not apply to any branch of government? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Branches are free to act in which way on all issues? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Judicial branch of government is the only one to which what is applied? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Neptune's mass of 1.0243×1026 kg, is intermediate between Earth and the larger gas giants: it is 17 times that of Earth but just 1/19th that of Jupiter.[d] Its gravity at 1 bar is 11.15 m/s2, 1.14 times the surface gravity of Earth, and surpassed only by Jupiter. Neptune's equatorial radius of 24,764 km is nearly four times that of Earth. Neptune, like Uranus, is an ice giant, a subclass of giant planet, due to their smaller size and higher concentrations of volatiles relative to Jupiter and Saturn. In the search for extrasolar planets, Neptune has been used as a metonym: discovered bodies of similar mass are often referred to as "Neptunes", just as scientists refer to various extrasolar bodies as "Jupiters". Question: What is Neptune's mass? Answer: 1.0243×1026 kg Question: How much more mass does Neptune have compared to Earth? Answer: 17 times Question: What is Neptune's gravity at 1 bar? Answer: 11.15 m/s2 Question: What is Neptune's equatorial radius? Answer: 24,764 km Question: What is Neptune referred to due to it's size and concentration of volatiles? Answer: ice giant Question: What planet is larger than the Gas Giants? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What planet is 17 times smaller than the earth? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the equatoral radius of Earth? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two planets are less volitile than Jupiter and Saturn? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Neptune's weight? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much less mass does Neptune have compared to Earth? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Neptune's gravity at 41 bar? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Uranus' equatorial radius? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Neptune referred to due to it's heat and concentration of volatiles? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The state government left Philadelphia in 1799, and the federal government was moved to Washington, DC in 1800 with completion of the White House and Capitol. The city remained the young nation's largest with a population of nearly 50,000 at the turn of the 19th century; it was a financial and cultural center. Before 1800, its free black community founded the African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME), the first independent black denomination in the country, and the first black Episcopal Church. The free black community also established many schools for its children, with the help of Quakers. New York City soon surpassed Philadelphia in population, but with the construction of roads, canals, and railroads, Philadelphia became the first major industrial city in the United States. Question: When did the US government leave Philadelphia for D.C.? Answer: 1799 Question: What religion did the black community found? Answer: African Methodist Episcopal Church Question: Which city surpassed the population of Philadelphia? Answer: New York City Question: What type of economy did Philadelphia have? Answer: industrial
Context: Old Low Franconian or Old Dutch is regarded as the primary stage in the development of a separate Dutch language. The "Low" in Old Low Franconian refers to the Frankish spoken in the Low Countries where it was not influenced by the High German consonant shift, as opposed to Central and high Franconian in Germany. The latter would as a consequence evolve with Allemanic into Old High German. At more or less the same time the Ingvaeonic nasal spirant law led to the development of Old Saxon, Old Frisian (Anglo-Frisian) and Old English (Anglo-Saxon). Hardly influenced by either development, Old Dutch remained close to the original language of the Franks, the people that would rule Europe for centuries. The language however, did experienced developments on its own, like final-obstruent devoicing in a very early stage. In fact, by judging from the find at Bergakker, it would seem that the language already experienced this characteristic during the Old Frankish period. Question: What's another name for Old Frisian? Answer: Anglo-Frisian Question: What's another name for Old English? Answer: Anglo-Saxon Question: What language stayed very similar to the language spoken by Franks? Answer: Old Dutch Question: What period is the Bergakker inscription from that shows characteristics of the Old Dutch language? Answer: Old Frankish Question: What's another name for Old Dutch that demonstrates its difference from German Franconian? Answer: Old Low Franconian
Context: The Dutch Republic formally made claim to Saint Helena in 1633, although there is no evidence that they ever occupied, colonised or fortified it. By 1651, the Dutch had mainly abandoned the island in favour of their colony at the Cape of Good Hope. Question: Who claimed Saint Helena in 1633? Answer: The Dutch Republic Question: What year did the Dutch abandon the island? Answer: 1651 Question: Which colony did the Dutch abandon the island for? Answer: Cape of Good Hope.
Context: In ancient times, Greece was the birthplace of Western culture. Modern democracies owe a debt to Greek beliefs in government by the people, trial by jury, and equality under the law. The ancient Greeks pioneered in many fields that rely on systematic thought, including biology, geometry, history, philosophy, physics and mathematics. They introduced such important literary forms as epic and lyric poetry, history, tragedy, and comedy. In their pursuit of order and proportion, the Greeks created an ideal of beauty that strongly influenced Western art. Question: Ancient Greece was the birthplace of what? Answer: Western culture Question: What did Greece's political philosophy affect? Answer: Modern democracies Question: Greeks were pioneers in many scientific fields that require what? Answer: systematic thought
Context: The relatively recent increased consumption of sugar has been linked to the rise of some afflictions such as diabetes, obesity, and more recently heart disease. Increased consumption of sugar has been tied to these three, among others. Obesity levels have more than doubled in the last 30 years among adults, going from 15% to 35% in the United States. Obesity and diet also happen to be high risk factors for diabetes. In the same time span that obesity doubled, diabetes numbers quadrupled in America. Increased weight, especially in the form of belly fat, and high sugar intake are also high risk factors for heart disease. Both sugar intake and fatty tissue increase the probability of elevated LDL cholesterol in the bloodstream. Elevated amounts of Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, is the primary factor in heart disease. In order to avoid all the dangers of sugar, moderate consumption is paramount. Question: The increase in cases of diabetes, obesity and heart disease can be traced back to an increase in the consumption of what product? Answer: sugar Question: What has been the increase in obesity among adults in the last 30 years in the United States? Answer: more than doubled Question: What is the current percentage of obese adults in the United States? Answer: 35 Question: Within the past 30 years, how has the number of diabetes cases changed? Answer: quadrupled Question: What does the term LDL stand for? Answer: Low-density lipoprotein
Context: Estonia has had a market economy since the end of the 1990s and one of the highest per capita income levels in Eastern Europe. Proximity to the Scandinavian markets, its location between the East and West, competitive cost structure and a highly skilled labour force have been the major Estonian comparative advantages in the beginning of the 2000s (decade). As the largest city, Tallinn has emerged as a financial centre and the Tallinn Stock Exchange joined recently with the OMX system. The current government has pursued tight fiscal policies, resulting in balanced budgets and low public debt. Question: In what region does Estonia hold one of the highest per capita income levels? Answer: Eastern Question: Being close to what commercial area gives Estonia a competitive advantage? Answer: Scandinavian markets Question: What is a major trait of the Estonian employed workers? Answer: highly skilled Question: What is the largest city in Estonia? Answer: Tallinn
Context: Several molecular mechanisms of antibacterial resistance exist. Intrinsic antibacterial resistance may be part of the genetic makeup of bacterial strains. For example, an antibiotic target may be absent from the bacterial genome. Acquired resistance results from a mutation in the bacterial chromosome or the acquisition of extra-chromosomal DNA. Antibacterial-producing bacteria have evolved resistance mechanisms that have been shown to be similar to, and may have been transferred to, antibacterial-resistant strains. The spread of antibacterial resistance often occurs through vertical transmission of mutations during growth and by genetic recombination of DNA by horizontal genetic exchange. For instance, antibacterial resistance genes can be exchanged between different bacterial strains or species via plasmids that carry these resistance genes. Plasmids that carry several different resistance genes can confer resistance to multiple antibacterials. Cross-resistance to several antibacterials may also occur when a resistance mechanism encoded by a single gene conveys resistance to more than one antibacterial compound. Question: What is part of hje the make up of bacterial strains? Answer: Intrinsic antibacterial resistance Question: What can be absent from the bacterial genome? Answer: antibiotic target Question: When does the spread of antibacterial resistance frequently occurs/ Answer: vertical transmission Question: What is exchanged between between bacterial strains or species via plasmids that have this resistance? Answer: antibacterial resistance genes Question: What does some resistance come from? Answer: mutation Question: What method of spread can occur in antibacterial resistance? Answer: vertical transmission of mutations Question: What do plasmids do in resistance? Answer: carry several different resistance genes Question: What is part of the makeup of bacterial strains? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can be absent from the resistance genes? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When does the spread of DNA frequently occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is exchanged between bacterial stains of species via mutations that have this resistance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do plasmids do in bacterial chromosomes? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the fifth century Strasbourg was occupied successively by Alemanni, Huns, and Franks. In the ninth century it was commonly known as Strazburg in the local language, as documented in 842 by the Oaths of Strasbourg. This trilingual text contains, alongside texts in Latin and Old High German (teudisca lingua), the oldest written variety of Gallo-Romance (lingua romana) clearly distinct from Latin, the ancestor of Old French. The town was also called Stratisburgum or Strateburgus in Latin, from which later came Strossburi in Alsatian and Straßburg in Standard German, and then Strasbourg in French. The Oaths of Strasbourg is considered as marking the birth of the two countries of France and Germany with the division of the Carolingian Empire. Question: What Empire split to create France and Germany? Answer: Carolingian Empire Question: What language called Strasbourg Strossburi? Answer: Alsatian Question: What is the German spelling for Strasbourg? Answer: Straßburg Question: What was Strasbourg known as in the local language in the ninth century? Answer: Strazburg Question: In what century was Strasbourg occupied successively by Alemanni, Huns, and Franks? Answer: fifth century Question: What modern day area did the Carolingian Empire occupy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Alsatian language first used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the Huns called in Latin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Old French start to be used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the Germans called in Old French? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Short Films, Big Ideas was launched at the 2011 Toronto International Film Festival in partnership with cinelan. Stories included breakthroughs in Slingshot (water vapor distillation system), cancer research, energy production, pain management and food access. Each of the 30 films received world premiere screenings at a major international film festival, including the Sundance Film Festival and the Tribeca Film Festival. The winning amateur director film, The Cyborg Foundation, was awarded a US$100,000 prize at the 2013 at Sundance Film Festival.[citation needed] According to GE, the campaign garnered more than 1.5 billion total media impressions, 14 million online views, and was seen in 156 countries.[citation needed] Question: What was the name of the project introduced by GE at the 2011 Toronto International Fils Festival? Answer: Short Films, Big Ideas Question: Which company was GE's partner in the Short Fils, Big Ideas project? Answer: cinelan Question: What type of system is Sligshot? Answer: water vapor distillation Question: What prize was awarded to the winning amateur dirctor film at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival? Answer: US$100,000 Question: How many online views did the Short Films, Big Ideas campaign generate? Answer: 14 million Question: How much did it cost to produce the movie, "The Cyborg Foundation"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the first Sundance Film Festival held? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was cinelan founded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many people saw the movie, "The Cyborg Foundation", at the 2013 Sundance Film Festival? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what city is the Tribeca Film Festival held? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: People of all ages and social statuses were depicted in the art of the Hellenistic age. Artists such as Peiraikos chose mundane and lower class subjects for his paintings. According to Pliny, "He painted barbers' shops, cobblers' stalls, asses, eatables and similar subjects, earning for himself the name of rhyparographos [painter of dirt/low things]. In these subjects he could give consummate pleasure, selling them for more than other artists received for their large pictures" (Natural History, Book XXXV.112). Even barbarians, such as the Galatians, were depicted in heroic form, prefiguring the artistic theme of the noble savage. The image of Alexander the Great was also an important artistic theme, and all of the diadochi had themselves depicted imitating Alexander's youthful look. A number of the best-known works of Greek sculpture belong to the Hellenistic period, including Laocoön and his Sons, Venus de Milo, and the Winged Victory of Samothrace. Question: Which artist chose mundane and low class subjects? Answer: Peiraikos Question: Which barbarians were depicted in heroic form? Answer: Galatians Question: All of the diadochi painted themselves to look like what leader? Answer: Alexander the Great Question: Venus de Milo belongs to which period? Answer: Hellenistic
Context: During much of its history, and especially during the Francoist dictatorship (1939–1975), the Catalan language has often been degraded as a mere dialect of Spanish. This view, based on political and ideological considerations, has no linguistic validity. Spanish and Catalan have important differences in their sound systems, lexicon, and grammatical features, placing the language in a number of respects closer to Occitan (and French). Question: What has Catalan often been considered? Answer: dialect of Spanish Question: During what dictatorship was Catalan considered a dialect? Answer: Francoist
Context: Some other popular sights are the Waterloo Column, the Laves House, the Wangenheim Palace, the Lower Saxony State Archives, the Hanover Playhouse, the Kröpcke Clock, the Anzeiger Tower Block, the Administration Building of the NORD/LB, the Cupola Hall of the Congress Centre, the Lower Saxony Stock, the Ministry of Finance, the Garten Church, the Luther Church, the Gehry Tower (designed by the American architect Frank O. Gehry), the specially designed Bus Stops, the Opera House, the Central Station, the Maschsee lake and the city forest Eilenriede, which is one of the largest of its kind in Europe. With around 40 parks, forests and gardens, a couple of lakes, two rivers and one canal, Hanover offers a large variety of leisure activities. Question: Who designed the Gehry Tower? Answer: Frank O. Gehry Question: What nationality was the architect of the Gehry Tower? Answer: American Question: What is notable about the city forest Eilenriede? Answer: one of the largest of its kind in Europe Question: How many parks are there approximately in Hanover? Answer: 40 Question: How many rivers run through Hanover? Answer: two Question: Who was the Austrian architect who built the Gehry Tower Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which Lake is one of the largest in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Hanover offer a moderate amount of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Approximately how many gardens are there in Hanover? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the 1930s, the first two motorways were built across the Land, the A4 motorway as an important east-west connection in central Germany and the main link between Berlin and south-west Germany, and the A9 motorway as the main north-south route in eastern Germany, connecting Berlin with Munich. The A4 runs from Frankfurt in Hesse via Eisenach, Gotha, Erfurt, Weimar, Jena and Gera to Dresden in Saxony, connecting Thuringia's most important cities. At Hermsdorf junction it is connected with the A9. Both highways were widened from four to six lanes (three each way) after 1990, including some extensive re-routing in the Eisenach and Jena areas. Furthermore, three new motorways were built during the 1990s and 2000s. The A71 crosses the Land in southwest-northeast direction, connecting Würzburg in Bavaria via Meiningen, Suhl, Ilmenau, Arnstadt, Erfurt and Sömmerda with Sangerhausen and Halle in Saxony-Anhalt. The crossing of the Thuringian Forest by the A71 has been one of Germany's most expensive motorway segments with various tunnels (including Germany's longest road tunnel, the Rennsteig Tunnel) and large bridges. The A73 starts at the A71 south of Erfurt in Suhl and runs south towards Nuremberg in Bavaria. The A38 is another west-east connection in the north of Thuringia running from Göttingen in Lower Saxony via Heiligenstadt and Nordhausen to Leipzig in Saxony. Furthermore, there is a dense network of federal highways complementing the motorway network. The upgrading of federal highways is prioritised in the federal trunk road programme 2015 (Bundesverkehrswegeplan 2015). Envisaged projects include upgrades of the B247 from Gotha to Leinefelde to improve Mühlhausen's connection to the national road network, the B19 from Eisenach to Meiningen to improve access to Bad Salzungen and Schmalkalden, and the B88 and B281 for strengthening the Saalfeld/Rudolstadt region. Question: When were the first motorways built in Thuringia? Answer: During the 1930s Question: When were the two motorways expanded? Answer: Both highways were widened from four to six lanes (three each way) after 1990 Question: When were three additional roads built? Answer: during the 1990s and 2000s Question: Which motorway is Thuringia's most expensive? Answer: The crossing of the Thuringian Forest by the A71 Question: What is the top priority of the federal trunk road programme 2015? Answer: The upgrading of federal highways Question: What is the bottom priority of the federal trunk road programme 2015? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the first motorways buried in Thuringia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the two motorways shortened? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were eight additional roads built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which motorway is Thuringia's cheapest? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Nigerian government has commissioned the overseas production and launch of four satellites. The Nigeriasat-1 was the first satellite to be built under the Nigerian government sponsorship. The satellite was launched from Russia on 27 September 2003. Nigeriasat-1 was part of the world-wide Disaster Monitoring Constellation System. The primary objectives of the Nigeriasat-1 were: to give early warning signals of environmental disaster; to help detect and control desertification in the northern part of Nigeria; to assist in demographic planning; to establish the relationship between malaria vectors and the environment that breeds malaria and to give early warning signals on future outbreaks of meningitis using remote sensing technology; to provide the technology needed to bring education to all parts of the country through distant learning; and to aid in conflict resolution and border disputes by mapping out state and International borders. Question: When did Nigeria launch its first satellite? Answer: 27 September 2003 Question: What was Nigeria's first satellite called? Answer: Nigeriasat-1 Question: Where did Nigeria launch its first satellite? Answer: Russia Question: How many satellites has the Nigerian government commissioned? Answer: four
Context: On 15 September the Luftwaffe made two large daylight attacks on London along the Thames Estuary, targeting the docks and rail communications in the city. Its hope was to destroy its targets and draw the RAF into defending them, allowing the Luftwaffe to destroy their fighters in large numbers, thereby achieving an air superiority. Large air battles broke out, lasting for most of the day. The first attack merely damaged the rail network for three days, and the second attack failed altogether. The air battle was later commemorated by Battle of Britain Day. The Luftwaffe lost 18 percent of the bombers sent on the operations that day, and failed to gain air superiority. Question: On September 15 the Luftwaffe made daylight raids on what target in London? Answer: Thames Estuary Question: What two targets were the Luftwaffe trying to destroy? Answer: docks and rail communications Question: What was the reason to try and draw the RAF into a battle? Answer: destroy their fighters in large numbers Question: What was this air battle called? Answer: Battle of Britain Day Question: The Luftwaffe lost what percentage of its bombers sent that day? Answer: 18
Context: Since the tribunes were considered to be the embodiment of the plebeians, they were sacrosanct. Their sacrosanctity was enforced by a pledge, taken by the plebeians, to kill any person who harmed or interfered with a tribune during his term of office. All of the powers of the tribune derived from their sacrosanctity. One consequence was that it was considered a capital offense to harm a tribune, to disregard his veto, or to interfere with a tribune. In times of military emergency, a dictator would be appointed for a term of six months. Constitutional government would be dissolved, and the dictator would be the absolute master of the state. When the dictator's term ended, constitutional government would be restored. Question: How long could a dictator be appointed for in times of certain emergencies? Answer: six months Question: What would happen during the commencement of a dictator's term? Answer: Constitutional government would be dissolved Question: What type of offense was the harm of a tribute treated as? Answer: capital offense Question: What was the ultimate source of the tribunes powers? Answer: their sacrosanctity
Context: Muslim physicians contributed to the field of medicine, including the subjects of anatomy and physiology: such as in the 15th century Persian work by Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas entitled Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) which contained comprehensive diagrams of the body's structural, nervous and circulatory systems; or in the work of the Egyptian physician Ibn al-Nafis, who proposed the theory of pulmonary circulation. Avicenna's The Canon of Medicine remained an authoritative medical textbook in Europe until the 18th century. Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (also known as Abulcasis) contributed to the discipline of medical surgery with his Kitab al-Tasrif ("Book of Concessions"), a medical encyclopedia which was later translated to Latin and used in European and Muslim medical schools for centuries. Other medical advancements came in the fields of pharmacology and pharmacy. Question: What work is Mansur ibn Muhammad ibn al-Faqih Ilyas known for writing? Answer: Tashrih al-badan (Anatomy of the body) Question: In what century did Tashrih al-badan come into being? Answer: 15th century Question: Who theorized about pulmonary circulation? Answer: Ibn al-Nafis Question: Who wrote The Canon of Medicine? Answer: Avicenna Question: Who wrote Kitab al-Tasrif? Answer: Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi Question: Who first established the fields of anatomy and phusiology? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wrote Anatomy of the body in the 1500's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What photos where found in Anatomy of the body? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What book was a standard text in universities until the 1800's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Latin encyclopedia was used in medical schools for centuries? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1738, Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo, 1st Marquis of Pombal, began a diplomatic career as the Portuguese Ambassador in London and later in Vienna. The Queen consort of Portugal, Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa of Austria, was fond of Melo; and after his first wife died, she arranged the widowed de Melo's second marriage to the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun. King John V of Portugal, however, was not pleased and recalled Melo to Portugal in 1749. John V died the following year and his son, Joseph I of Portugal, was crowned. In contrast to his father, Joseph I was fond of de Melo, and with the Queen Mother's approval, he appointed Melo as Minister of Foreign Affairs. Question: Who was the 1st Marquis of Pombal? Answer: Sebastião José de Carvalho e Melo Question: What title did Archduchess Maria Anne Josefa hold? Answer: Queen consort of Portugal Question: Who arranged the widow de Melo's second marriage? Answer: Queen consort of Portugal Question: Who was de Melo's second marriage to? Answer: the daughter of the Austrian Field Marshal Leopold Josef, Count von Daun Question: Who was not pleased by de Melo's second marriage? Answer: King John V of Portugal
Context: Western political philosophy originates in the philosophy of ancient Greece, where political philosophy dates back to at least Plato. Ancient Greece was dominated by city-states, which experimented with various forms of political organization, grouped by Plato into four categories: timocracy, tyranny, democracy and oligarchy. One of the first, extremely important classical works of political philosophy is Plato's Republic, which was followed by Aristotle's Nichomachean Ethics and Politics. Roman political philosophy was influenced by the Stoics, including the Roman statesman Cicero. Question: Western political philosophy originates in what philosophy? Answer: ancient Greece Question: What philosophy has dates back to at least Plato? Answer: philosophy of ancient Greece Question: Ancient Greece was dominated by what? Answer: city-states Question: What originated with Western philosophy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What philosophy dates back to sme time after Plato? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What civilization was dominated by independent towns that experimented with different governments? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Roman statesman was influenced by Plato? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What 4 catagories did Aristotle divide greek political organizations into? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the first important work of political organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What example of Stoic influence followed Plato's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the western political philosophy dominated by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How was ancient Greece's government grouped by Cicero? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was influenced by timocracy in Rome? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After World War II, Europe was informally split into Western and Soviet spheres of influence. Western Europe later aligned as the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and Eastern Europe as the Warsaw Pact. There was a shift in power from Western Europe and the British Empire to the two new superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. These two rivals would later face off in the Cold War. In Asia, the defeat of Japan led to its democratization. China's civil war continued through and after the war, resulting eventually in the establishment of the People's Republic of China. The former colonies of the European powers began their road to independence. Question: What was Europe split into after World War II? Answer: Western and Soviet spheres of influence. Question: What does the term NATO represent? Answer: North Atlantic Treaty Organization Question: Who battled in the cold war? Answer: United States and the Soviet Union. Question: What did the defeat of Japan mean for Asia? Answer: led to its democratization. Question: What did China name themselves after the war? Answer: the People's Republic of China.
Context: His father encouraged Bell's interest in speech and, in 1863, took his sons to see a unique automaton, developed by Sir Charles Wheatstone based on the earlier work of Baron Wolfgang von Kempelen. The rudimentary "mechanical man" simulated a human voice. Bell was fascinated by the machine and after he obtained a copy of von Kempelen's book, published in German, and had laboriously translated it, he and his older brother Melville built their own automaton head. Their father, highly interested in their project, offered to pay for any supplies and spurred the boys on with the enticement of a "big prize" if they were successful. While his brother constructed the throat and larynx, Bell tackled the more difficult task of recreating a realistic skull. His efforts resulted in a remarkably lifelike head that could "speak", albeit only a few words. The boys would carefully adjust the "lips" and when a bellows forced air through the windpipe, a very recognizable "Mama" ensued, to the delight of neighbors who came to see the Bell invention. Question: In what year did Bell's father take him to see an automaton? Answer: 1863 Question: Who created the automaton Bell saw? Answer: Sir Charles Wheatstone Question: What did the automaton mimic? Answer: human voice Question: Bell built his own automaton with who? Answer: Melville Question: What part of the automaton did Bell create? Answer: skull
Context: The difference in the above factors for the case of θ=0 is the reason that most broadcasting (transmissions intended for the public) uses vertical polarization. For receivers near the ground, horizontally polarized transmissions suffer cancellation. For best reception the receiving antennas for these signals are likewise vertically polarized. In some applications where the receiving antenna must work in any position, as in mobile phones, the base station antennas use mixed polarization, such as linear polarization at an angle (with both vertical and horizontal components) or circular polarization. Question: What type of programmin relies on vertical polarization? Answer: broadcasting Question: If you were to position your receiver closer to the ground what might be a negative of this placement? Answer: cancellation Question: What is one use that would require an antenna to receive signals in various ways at once? Answer: mobile phones Question: If you were to develop a signal to be used with mobile phones what would be an effective antenna type? Answer: circular polarization. Question: What would the antenna you are using take advantage of to allow it to work in multiple locations? Answer: mixed polarization
Context: Hokkien dialects are typically written using Chinese characters (漢字, Hàn-jī). However, the written script was and remains adapted to the literary form, which is based on classical Chinese, not the vernacular and spoken form. Furthermore, the character inventory used for Mandarin (standard written Chinese) does not correspond to Hokkien words, and there are a large number of informal characters (替字, thè-jī or thòe-jī; 'substitute characters') which are unique to Hokkien (as is the case with Cantonese). For instance, about 20 to 25% of Taiwanese morphemes lack an appropriate or standard Chinese character. Question: Hokkien is usually written using what characters? Answer: Chinese Question: Written Hokkein is based on what? Answer: classical Chinese Question: What is another name for standard written chinese? Answer: Mandarin Question: Approximately what percentage of Chinese morphemes lack a standard chinese character? Answer: 20 to 25% Question: What percentage of written Chinese lacks a standard Chinese character? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is Cantonese usually written? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is used for Mandarin but doesn't correspond to Taiwanese words? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is written Cantonese based on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is adapted to the spoken form of Chinese? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The county has a long tradition of supplying freestone and building stone. Quarries at Doulting supplied freestone used in the construction of Wells Cathedral. Bath stone is also widely used. Ralph Allen promoted its use in the early 18th century, as did Hans Price in the 19th century, but it was used long before then. It was mined underground at Combe Down and Bathampton Down Mines, and as a result of cutting the Box Tunnel, at locations in Wiltshire such as Box. Bath stone is still used on a reduced scale today, but more often as a cladding rather than a structural material. Further south, Hamstone is the colloquial name given to stone from Ham Hill, which is also widely used in the construction industry. Blue Lias has been used locally as a building stone and as a raw material for lime mortar and Portland cement. Until the 1960s, Puriton had Blue Lias stone quarries, as did several other Polden villages. Its quarries also supplied a cement factory at Dunball, adjacent to the King's Sedgemoor Drain. Its derelict, early 20th century remains, was removed when the M5 motorway was constructed in the mid-1970s. Since the 1920s, the county has supplied aggregates. Foster Yeoman is Europe's large supplier of limestone aggregates, with quarries at Merehead Quarry. It has a dedicated railway operation, Mendip Rail, which is used to transport aggregates by rail from a group of Mendip quarries. Question: What type of stone was supplied in the county Answer: supplying freestone and building stone Question: Who promoted the use of stone from the Bath area Answer: Ralph Allen promoted its use in the early 18th century, as did Hans Price in the 19th century Question: What are some uses for Blue Lias Answer: Blue Lias has been used locally as a building stone and as a raw material for lime mortar and Portland cement Question: What has been supplied by the county since the 1920's Answer: the county has supplied aggregates. Foster Yeoman is Europe's large supplier of limestone aggregates Question: In what century was Wells Cathedral built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Blue Lias now mined? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what decade was Mendip Rail built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what village is Foster Yeoman headquartered? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are aggregates used for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: 114th Street marks the southern boundary of Columbia University’s Morningside Heights Campus and is the location of Butler Library, which is the University’s largest. Question: Which library is Columbia University's largest? Answer: Butler Library Question: 114th Street marks the southern boundary of which university's Morningside Heights Campus? Answer: Columbia University Question: 114th Street runs along which boundary of Columbia University's Morningside Heights Campus? Answer: southern
Context: Britain had successful tested a new HAA gun, 3.6-inch, in 1918. In 1928 3.7-inch became the preferred solution, but it took 6 years to gain funding. Production of the QF 3.7-inch (94 mm) began in 1937; this gun was used both on mobile carriages with the field army and transportable guns on fixed mountings for static positions. At the same time the Royal Navy adopted a new 4.5-inch (114 mm) gun in a twin turret, which the army adopted in simplified single-gun mountings for static positions, mostly around ports where naval ammunition was available. However, the performance of both 3.7 and 4.5-in guns was limited by their standard fuse No 199, with a 30-second running time, although a new mechanical time fuse giving 43 seconds was nearing readiness. In 1939 a Machine Fuse Setter was introduced to eliminate manual fuse setting. Question: When was the successful test of the 3.6-inch HAA gun? Answer: 1918 Question: When did the 3.7-inch HAA gun become preferred? Answer: 1928 Question: What gun did the Royal Navy start using? Answer: 4.5-inch (114 mm) gun in a twin turret Question: How long of a running time did the Number 199 fuse have? Answer: 30-second running time Question: What was introduced in 1939? Answer: Machine Fuse Setter
Context: Agriculture and horticulture seek to optimize the capture of solar energy in order to optimize the productivity of plants. Techniques such as timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties can improve crop yields. While sunlight is generally considered a plentiful resource, the exceptions highlight the importance of solar energy to agriculture. During the short growing seasons of the Little Ice Age, French and English farmers employed fruit walls to maximize the collection of solar energy. These walls acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm. Early fruit walls were built perpendicular to the ground and facing south, but over time, sloping walls were developed to make better use of sunlight. In 1699, Nicolas Fatio de Duillier even suggested using a tracking mechanism which could pivot to follow the Sun. Applications of solar energy in agriculture aside from growing crops include pumping water, drying crops, brooding chicks and drying chicken manure. More recently the technology has been embraced by vinters, who use the energy generated by solar panels to power grape presses. Question: During the Little Ice Age, what did English and French farmers use to increase collection of solar energy? Answer: fruit walls Question: Vinters have adopted solar technology to do what? Answer: power grape presses Question: Why do agriculture and horticulture seek to make the most use of the solar energy captured? Answer: to optimize the productivity of plants Question: What are some techniques used to improve crop production? Answer: timed planting cycles, tailored row orientation, staggered heights between rows and the mixing of plant varieties Question: What did French and English farmers do during the Little Ice Age to gain more solar energy? Answer: employed fruit walls Question: What was the purpose of the fruit walls built by French and English farmers? Answer: acted as thermal masses and accelerated ripening by keeping plants warm
Context: Traditionally the feast also applied to sexual desires, which were supposed to be suppressed during the following fasting. Before Lent began, all rich food and drink were consumed in what became a giant celebration that involved the whole community, and is thought to be the origin of Carnival. The Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar, the six weeks directly before Easter, was originally marked by fasting and other pious or penitential practices. During Lent, no parties or celebrations were held, and people refrained from eating rich foods, such as meat, dairy, fat and sugar. Question: What desires were expected to be suppressed during the fasting period? Answer: sexual Question: All rich food and drink were consumed before what named event? Answer: Lent Question: The giant celebration that involved the whole community is thought to be the origin of what festivity? Answer: Carnival Question: How long is the Lenten period of the Liturgical calendar? Answer: six weeks Question: What type of rich foods did people refrain from eating during Lent? Answer: meat, dairy, fat and sugar
Context: Combining statements in the canonical Gospels produces the following account: Jesus was arrested in Gethsemane following the Last Supper with the Twelve Apostles, and then stood trial before the Sanhedrin (a Jewish judicial body), Pontius Pilate (a Roman authority in Judaea), and Herod Antipas (king of Judea, appointed by Rome), before being handed over for crucifixion by the chief priests of the Jews. After being flogged, Jesus was mocked by Roman soldiers as the "King of the Jews", clothed in a purple robe, crowned with thorns, beaten and spat on. Jesus then had to make his way to the place of his crucifixion. Question: Where was Jesus arrested? Answer: Gethsemane Question: What did Jesus do before he was arrested? Answer: the Last Supper Question: How many Apostles were there at the Last Supper? Answer: Twelve Apostles Question: How was Jesus tortured before he was crucified? Answer: flogged Question: What was placed on Jesus' head? Answer: crowned with thorns Question: What city was the Sanhedrin located in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who appointed the Sanhedrin to office to form a judicial body? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In front of what judicial body did the twelve apostles stand trial? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group handed the twelve apostles over for crucifixion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was a punishment given to the twelve apostles? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1945, the first formal women's barbershop organization, Sweet Adelines, was formed. In 1953 Sweet Adelines became an international organization, although it didn't change its name to Sweet Adelines International until 1991. The membership of nearly 25,000 women, all singing in English, includes choruses in most of the fifty United States as well as in Australia, Canada, England, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Japan, New Zealand, Scotland, Sweden, Wales and the Netherlands. Headquartered in Tulsa, Oklahoma, the organization encompasses more than 1,200 registered quartets and 600 choruses. Question: What is the name of the first female barbershop organization? Answer: Sweet Adelines Question: When did the Sweet Adelines change their name to acknowledge their international reach? Answer: 1991 Question: How many women are members of the Sweet Adelines? Answer: nearly 25,000 Question: Where is the Sweet Adelines HQ? Answer: Tulsa, Oklahoma Question: In what year did the Sweet Adelines become an international group? Answer: 1953 Question: What group was formed in 1953? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 1945 what did Sweet Adelines change its name to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many women from Japan are members of the Sweet Adelines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Australian choruses are registered with the organization? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Sweet Adelines become a German organization? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A Latin translation of Ibn Tufail's work, Philosophus Autodidactus, first appeared in 1671, prepared by Edward Pococke the Younger, followed by an English translation by Simon Ockley in 1708, as well as German and Dutch translations. These translations might have later inspired Daniel Defoe to write Robinson Crusoe, regarded as the first novel in English. Philosophus Autodidactus, continuing the thoughts of philosophers such as Aristotle from earlier ages, inspired Robert Boyle to write his own philosophical novel set on an island, The Aspiring Naturalist. Question: Which year did a translation of Philosophus Autodidactus in Latin come to be? Answer: 1671 Question: Who first translated Philosophus Autodidactus into latin? Answer: Edward Pococke the Younger Question: Simon Ockley translated Philosophus Autodidactus into English, in what year did he do that? Answer: 1708 Question: Who wrote Robinson Crusoe? Answer: Daniel Defoe Question: What book is Robert Boyle believe to have written after being inspired by Philosophus Autodidactus? Answer: The Aspiring Naturalist Question: What work by Tufail was translated in the 16th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Edward Pococke the Younger translate in the 16th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who translated Tufail's work to English in the 17th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Robert Boyle inspired to write by Tufail's work? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Krispy Kreme, an international chain of doughnut stores, was started in North Carolina; the company's headquarters are in Winston-Salem. Pepsi-Cola was first produced in 1898 in New Bern. A regional soft drink, Cheerwine, was created and is still based in the city of Salisbury. Despite its name, the hot sauce Texas Pete was created in North Carolina; its headquarters are also in Winston-Salem. The Hardee's fast-food chain was started in Rocky Mount. Another fast-food chain, Bojangles', was started in Charlotte, and has its corporate headquarters there. A popular North Carolina restaurant chain is Golden Corral. Started in 1973, the chain was founded in Fayetteville, with headquarters located in Raleigh. Popular pickle brand Mount Olive Pickle Company was founded in Mount Olive in 1926. Fast casual burger chain Hwy 55 Burgers, Shakes & Fries also makes its home in Mount Olive. Cook Out, a popular fast-food chain featuring burgers, hot dogs, and milkshakes in a wide variety of flavors, was founded in Greensboro in 1989 and has begun expanding outside of North Carolina. In 2013, Southern Living named Durham - Chapel Hill the South's "Tastiest City." Question: Krispy kreme is a chain of what kind of stores? Answer: doughnut Question: Where is the Krispy kreme headquarters? Answer: Winston-Salem Question: When was pepsi-Cola first produced? Answer: 1898 Question: Where was pepsi first produced? Answer: New Bern Question: What city was Cheerwine created and based in? Answer: Salisbury
Context: Downtown Oklahoma City, which has 7,600 residents, is currently seeing an influx of new private investment and large scale public works projects, which have helped to resuscitate a central business district left almost deserted by the Oil Bust of the early 1980s. The centerpiece of downtown is the newly renovated Crystal Bridge and Myriad Botanical Gardens, one of the few elements of the Pei Plan to be completed. In the next few years a massive new central park will link the gardens near the CBD and the new convention center to be built just south of it to the North Canadian River, as part of a massive works project known as Core to Shore; the new park is part of MAPS3, a collection of civic projects funded by a 1-cent temporary (seven-year) sales tax increase. Question: What are two newly renovated locations in downtown Oklahoma city? Answer: Crystal Bridge and Myriad Botanical Gardens
Context: Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam. There are several theatres and theatre companies. The 1941 main city theatre was built by Dudok. Besides theatres there is a large number of cinemas including three arthouse cinemas. Utrecht is host to the international Early Music Festival (Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the Netherlands Film Festival. The city has an important classical music hall Vredenburg (1979 by Herman Hertzberger). Its acoustics are considered among the best of the 20th-century original music halls.[citation needed] The original Vredenburg music hall has been redeveloped as part of the larger station area redevelopment plan and in 2014 has gained additional halls that allowed its merger with the rock club Tivoli and the SJU jazzpodium. There are several other venues for music throughout the city. Young musicians are educated in the conservatory, a department of the Utrecht School of the Arts. There is a specialised museum of automatically playing musical instruments. Question: Cultural life in Utrecht is second to Answer: Utrecht city has an active cultural life, and in the Netherlands is second only to Amsterdam Question: What music festival does Utrecht host Answer: Utrecht is host to the international Early Music Festival (Festival Oude Muziek, for music before 1800) and the Netherlands Film Festival Question: What is the name of the music hall Answer: The city has an important classical music hall Vredenburg Question: Where are music students educated Answer: Young musicians are educated in the conservatory, a department of the Utrecht School of the Arts Question: Ultrecht has the most active what in the Netherlannds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who built the main city theater in the 19th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What festival is held for music of the 1800's Answer: Unanswerable Question: What music hall has the best acoustics in the world? Answer: Unanswerable

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