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Context: In ancient China, early literature was primarily focused on philosophy, historiography, military science, agriculture, and poetry. China, the origin of modern paper making and woodblock printing, produced one of the world's first print cultures. Much of Chinese literature originates with the Hundred Schools of Thought period that occurred during the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (769-269 BCE). The most important of these include the Classics of Confucianism, of Daoism, of Mohism, of Legalism, as well as works of military science (e.g. Sun Tzu's The Art of War) and Chinese history (e.g. Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian). Ancient Chinese literature had a heavy emphasis on historiography, with often very detailed court records. An exemplary piece of narrative history of ancient China was the Zuo Zhuan, which was compiled no later than 389 BCE, and attributed to the blind 5th century BCE historian Zuo Qiuming. Question: Subjects featured in Ancient Chinese literature include what? Answer: philosophy, historiography, military science, agriculture, and poetry Question: What two inventions helped make Chinese literature especially important and portable? Answer: modern paper making and woodblock printing Question: What historic period was the foundry for classic Chinese literature in the ancient world? Answer: the Hundred Schools of Thought period Question: What classic work of war science originated during this period? Answer: The Art of War Question: Who wrote The Art Of War? Answer: Sun Tzu Question: The early literature of ancient China was primarily focused on psychology, historiography, philosophy, and what other three things? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Japan is the origin of modern paper making and what type of printing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Western Zhou Dynasty was present during what years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Ancient Chinese literature placed little emphasis on historiography, which had detailed what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was complied in 388 BCE? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was early literature focused on in ancient Asia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country is the origin of primitive paper making and woodblock printing? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do the years 759-259 BCE mark the existence of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Ancient Asian literature put heavy emphasis on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was compiled no later than 289 BCE? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What period occurred from 796-896 BCE? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What genre is Sima Qian's The Art of War? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What genre is Sun Tzu's Record of the Grand Historian? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What literature had a heavy emphasis on philosophy with very detailed court records? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was the Zuo Zhuan written and released? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for the flourishing of an increasingly elaborate polyphonic style. The principal liturgical forms which endured throughout the entire Renaissance period were masses and motets, with some other developments towards the end, especially as composers of sacred music began to adopt secular forms (such as the madrigal) for their own designs. Towards the end of the period, the early dramatic precursors of opera such as monody, the madrigal comedy, and the intermedio are seen. Question: Vocal music in the Renaissance is noted for an increasingly elaborate what? Answer: polyphonic style Question: What liturgical form besides motets endured throughout the entire Renaissance period? Answer: masses Question: Monody, the madrigal comedy, and intermedio are all precursors to what? Answer: opera
Context: The Greek-speaking Orthodox have collected canons and commentaries upon them in a work known as the Pēdálion (Greek: Πηδάλιον, "Rudder"), so named because it is meant to "steer" the Church. The Orthodox Christian tradition in general treats its canons more as guidelines than as laws, the bishops adjusting them to cultural and other local circumstances. Some Orthodox canon scholars point out that, had the Ecumenical Councils (which deliberated in Greek) meant for the canons to be used as laws, they would have called them nómoi/νόμοι (laws) rather than kanónes/κανόνες (rules), but almost all Orthodox conform to them. The dogmatic decisions of the Councils, though, are to be obeyed rather than to be treated as guidelines, since they are essential for the Church's unity. Question: What language is used by members of the Orthodox denomination? Answer: Greek Question: What are the constituents of the Pēdálion? Answer: canons and commentaries upon them Question: What does Pēdálion mean in English? Answer: Rudder Question: Which Orthodox leaders are free to adapt canon as required? Answer: bishops Question: Which groups do Orthodox scholars point to when defending their way of interpreting canon? Answer: the Ecumenical Councils Question: What denomination uses Hebrew? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What tradition treats its canons more as laws? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who believes the ecumenical councils intended the cannons to be laws? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What decisions of the councils are to be treated as guidelines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are not considered essential for the church's unity? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: One by one, additional large hotels were constructed along the boardwalk, including the Brighton, Chelsea, Shelburne, Ambassador, Ritz Carlton, Mayflower, Madison House, and the Breakers. The Quaker-owned Chalfonte House, opened in 1868, and Haddon House, opened in 1869, flanked North Carolina Avenue at the beach end. Their original wood-frame structures would be enlarged, and even moved closer to the beach, over the years. The modern Chalfonte Hotel, eight stories tall, opened in 1904. The modern Haddon Hall was built in stages and was completed in 1929, at eleven stories. By this time, they were under the same ownership and merged into the Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel, becoming the city's largest hotel with nearly 1,000 rooms. By 1930, the Claridge, the city's last large hotel before the casinos, opened its doors. The 400-room Claridge was built by a partnership that included renowned Philadelphia contractor John McShain. At 24 stories, it would become known as the "Skyscraper By The Sea." The city became known as the "The World's Playground. Question: What year did the Quaker-owned Chalfonte House open? Answer: 1868 Question: What year did the Haddon House open? Answer: 1869 Question: How many stories was the modern Chalfonte Hotel when it opened in 1904? Answer: eight Question: How many rooms were in the merged Chalfonte-Haddon Hall Hotel? Answer: nearly 1,000 Question: What was the name given to the 24 story tall, 400-room Claridge? Answer: Skyscraper By The Sea
Context: Individual routines in trampolining involve a build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height, followed by a sequence of ten bounces without pause during which the gymnast performs a sequence of aerial skills. Routines are marked out of a maximum score of 10 points. Additional points (with no maximum at the highest levels of competition) can be earned depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills which is an indication of the average height of the jumps. In high level competitions, there are two preliminary routines, one which has only two moves scored for difficulty and one where the athlete is free to perform any routine. This is followed by a final routine which is optional. Some competitions restart the score from zero for the finals, other add the final score to the preliminary results. Question: Individual routines start with what phases? Answer: build-up phase during which the gymnast jumps repeatedly to achieve height Question: What does the gymnast do during the 10 bounces. Answer: a sequence of aerial skills Question: What is the maximum scroe for routines? Answer: 10 points Question: How can additional points be earned? Answer: depending on the difficulty of the moves and the length of time taken to complete the ten skills Question: In high level competitions how many preliminary rountines are there? Answer: two preliminary routines Question: What routines involve the gymnast jumping once to achieve height? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many moves must be shown to the judges? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens if a gymnast falls down? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many preliminary routines are there in novice competitions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens if the athlete does not know the assigned moves? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At high altitudes, Neptune's atmosphere is 80% hydrogen and 19% helium. A trace amount of methane is also present. Prominent absorption bands of methane exist at wavelengths above 600 nm, in the red and infrared portion of the spectrum. As with Uranus, this absorption of red light by the atmospheric methane is part of what gives Neptune its blue hue, although Neptune's vivid azure differs from Uranus's milder cyan. Because Neptune's atmospheric methane content is similar to that of Uranus, some unknown atmospheric constituent is thought to contribute to Neptune's colour. Question: What is Neptune's atmosphere made of? Answer: 80% hydrogen and 19% helium Question: Where are absorption bands of methane on Neptune? Answer: wavelengths above 600 nm Question: What gives Neptune it's blue hue? Answer: absorption of red light by the atmospheric methane Question: What planet also gets it's color from atmospheric constituent? Answer: Uranus Question: What color is Uranus, compared to Neptune? Answer: cyan Question: What is Neptune's atmosphere never made of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are absorption bands of oxygen on Neptune? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What gives Neptune it's red hue? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What planet doesn't get it's color from atmospheric constituent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What color is Jupiter, compared to Neptune? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The region, as part of Lorraine, was part of the Holy Roman Empire, and then was gradually annexed by France in the 17th century, and formalized as one of the provinces of France. The Calvinist manufacturing republic of Mulhouse, known as Stadtrepublik Mülhausen, became a part of Alsace after a vote by its citizens on 4 January 1798. Alsace is frequently mentioned with and as part of Lorraine and the former duchy of Lorraine, since it was a vital part of the duchy, and later because German possession as the imperial province (Alsace-Lorraine, 1871–1918) was contested in the 19th and 20th centuries; France and Germany exchanged control of parts of Lorraine (including Alsace) four times in 75 years. Question: When did Stadtrepublik become a part of Alsace? Answer: 4 January 1798 Question: What years did Germany hold possession over Lorrain-Alscace? Answer: 1871–1918 Question: Which other country had control over Alsace? Answer: France Question: How many times did Germany and France switched and had control of Alscace? Answer: four times Question: When did the Holy Roman Empire begin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Lorraine voted into Alsace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the former duchy of Alsace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many times did Germany and the Holy Roman Empire exchange Lorraine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is another name for Alsace? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In contrast, Europe has a greater history of unitary states than North America, thus European "federalism" argues for a weaker central government, relative to a unitary state. The modern American usage of the word is much closer to the European sense. As the power of the Federal government has increased, some people have perceived a much more unitary state than they believe the Founding Fathers intended. Most people politically advocating "federalism" in the United States argue in favor of limiting the powers of the federal government, especially the judiciary (see Federalist Society, New Federalism). Question: Who has a greater history of unitary states? Answer: Europe Question: What does federalism mean in Europe? Answer: weaker central government, relative to a unitary state Question: What branch does the United States want to limit under the federalist model? Answer: judiciary Question: Who has a lesser history of unitary states? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who has a greater history of solitary states? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What doesn't federalism mean in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What branch doesn't the United States want to limit under the federalist model? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What branch does the United Nations want to limit under the federalist model? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1562 Francisco de Ibarra headed a personal expedition in search of the mythical cities of Cibola and Quivira; he traveled through the present-day state of Chihuahua. Francisco de Ibarra is thought to have been the first European to see the ruins of Paquime. In 1564 Rodrigo de Río de Loza, a lieutenant under Francisco de Ibarra, stayed behind after the expedition and found gold at the foot of the mountains of the Sierra Madre Occidental; he founded the first Spanish city in the region, Santa Barbara in 1567 by bringing 400 European families to the settlement. A few years later in 1569 Franciscan missionaries led by Fray Agustín Rodríguez from the coast of Sinaloa and the state of Durango founded the first mission in the state in Valle de San Bartolomé (present-day Valle de Allende). Fray Agustín Rodríguez evangelized the native population until 1581. Between 1586 and 1588 a epidemic caused a temporary exodus of the small population in the territory of Nueva Vizcaya. Question: Which cities was Ibarra looking for? Answer: Cibola and Quivira Question: Through which present-day state did he travel? Answer: Chihuahua Question: Ibarra is thought to have been the first European to see the ruins of which city? Answer: Paquime Question: Which was the first Spanish city founded in the region? Answer: Santa Barbara Question: What caused a temporary exodus from Nueva Vizcaya? Answer: epidemic
Context: Plant circadian rhythms tell the plant what season it is and when to flower for the best chance of attracting pollinators. Behaviors showing rhythms include leaf movement, growth, germination, stomatal/gas exchange, enzyme activity, photosynthetic activity, and fragrance emission, among others. Circadian rhythms occur as a plant entrains to synchronize with the light cycle of its surrounding environment. These rhythms are endogenously generated and self-sustaining and are relatively constant over a range of ambient temperatures. Important features include two interacting transcription-translation feedback loops: proteins containing PAS domains, which facilitate protein-protein interactions; and several photoreceptors that fine-tune the clock to different light conditions. Anticipation of changes in the environment allows appropriate changes in a plant's physiological state, conferring an adaptive advantage. A better understanding of plant circadian rhythms has applications in agriculture, such as helping farmers stagger crop harvests to extend crop availability and securing against massive losses due to weather. Question: What is the plant expression of circadian rhythm? Answer: when to flower Question: What do plants need to attract to their flowering? Answer: pollinators Question: With what feature of environment do plants need to be in sync? Answer: light cycle Question: What does adaptive advantage allow for plants? Answer: Anticipation of changes Question: Where can an understanding of circadian rhythms of plants be an advantage? Answer: agriculture Question: What plant behavior is not controlled by circadian rythems?? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are constant but not self sustaining? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What needs to be in sync with ambient temperatures? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Cotton linters are fine, silky fibers which adhere to the seeds of the cotton plant after ginning. These curly fibers typically are less than 1⁄8 inch (3.2 mm) long. The term also may apply to the longer textile fiber staple lint as well as the shorter fuzzy fibers from some upland species. Linters are traditionally used in the manufacture of paper and as a raw material in the manufacture of cellulose. In the UK, linters are referred to as "cotton wool". This can also be a refined product (absorbent cotton in U.S. usage) which has medical, cosmetic and many other practical uses. The first medical use of cotton wool was by Sampson Gamgee at the Queen's Hospital (later the General Hospital) in Birmingham, England. Question: What part of the cotton plant is used for paper manufacture? Answer: Cotton linters Question: What do cotton linters look like? Answer: fine, silky fibers Question: What are cotton linters called in the UK? Answer: cotton wool Question: What is cotton wool called in the US? Answer: absorbent cotton Question: What individual first used cotton wool medically? Answer: Sampson Gamgee Question: What part of wool is used for paper manufacture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does wool look like? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are cotton linters called in the U.S.? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What individual first used wool medically? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Sampson Gamgee first use wool medically? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The FBI also spied upon and collected information on Puerto Rican independence leader Pedro Albizu Campos and his Nationalist political party in the 1930s. Abizu Campos was convicted three times in connection with deadly attacks on US government officials: in 1937 (Conspiracy to overthrow the government of the United States), in 1950 (attempted murder), and in 1954 (after an armed assault on the US House of Representatives while in session; although not present, Abizu Campos was considered the mastermind). The FBI operation was covert and did not become known until U.S. Congressman Luis Gutierrez had it made public via the Freedom of Information Act in the 1980s. Question: What Puerto Rican leader did the FBI spy on? Answer: Pedro Albizu Campos Question: What party was Pedro Albizu Campos part of? Answer: Nationalist Question: How many times was Pedro Albizu Campos convicted of attacks on US officials? Answer: three Question: Who released the Campos operation to the public? Answer: Luis Gutierrez Question: When was the Abizu Campos operation made public? Answer: 1980s Question: What independence leader did the CIA spy on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What spied on the Cuban independence leader? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What U.S. congressman covered up the FBI operation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What act made the Abizu Campos operation secret? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Luis Gutierrez cover up the Abizu Campos operation? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Leucothea was daughter of Orchamus and sister of Clytia. She fell in love with Apollo who disguised himself as Leucothea's mother to gain entrance to her chambers. Clytia, jealous of her sister because she wanted Apollo for herself, told Orchamus the truth, betraying her sister's trust and confidence in her. Enraged, Orchamus ordered Leucothea to be buried alive. Apollo refused to forgive Clytia for betraying his beloved, and a grieving Clytia wilted and slowly died. Apollo changed her into an incense plant, either heliotrope or sunflower, which follows the sun every day. Question: Who was Leucothea's mother? Answer: Orchamus Question: Who is Leucothea's sister? Answer: Clytia Question: Who did Leucothea fall in love with? Answer: Leucothea Question: Who ordered Leucothea to be buried alive? Answer: Orchamus
Context: The French breech-loading rifle, the Chassepot, had a far longer range than the German needle gun; 1,500 yards (1,400 m) compared to 600 yd (550 m). The French also had an early machine-gun type weapon, the mitrailleuse, which could fire its thirty-seven barrels at a range of around 1,200 yd (1,100 m). It was developed in such secrecy, that little training with the weapon had occurred, leaving French gunners with no experience; the gun was treated like artillery and in this role it was ineffective. Worse still, once the small number of soldiers who had been trained how to use the new weapon became casualties, there were no replacements who knew how to operate the mitrailleuse. Question: What aspect of the Chassepot was superior to the German needle gun? Answer: longer range Question: What French weapon was considered a rough prototype of the first machine gun? Answer: the mitrailleuse Question: How many barrels did the mitrailleuse feature? Answer: thirty-seven barrels Question: What was the range of the mitrailleuse? Answer: 1,200 yd (1,100 m) Question: Treating the mitrailleuse like what rendered it far less effective Answer: artillery
Context: Other major bluegrass mandolinists who emerged in the early 1950s and are still active include Jesse McReynolds (of Jim and Jesse) who invented a syncopated banjo-roll-like style called crosspicking—and Bobby Osborne of the Osborne Brothers, who is a master of clarity and sparkling single-note runs. Highly respected and influential modern bluegrass players include Herschel Sizemore, Doyle Lawson, and the multi-genre Sam Bush, who is equally at home with old-time fiddle tunes, rock, reggae, and jazz. Ronnie McCoury of the Del McCoury Band has won numerous awards for his Monroe-influenced playing. The late John Duffey of the original Country Gentlemen and later the Seldom Scene did much to popularize the bluegrass mandolin among folk and urban audiences, especially on the east coast and in the Washington, D.C. area. Question: Who was the major bluegrass mandolinist that became popular in 1950's? Answer: Jesse McReynolds Question: What grop was Jesse McReynolds a part of? Answer: Jim and Jesse Question: What technique did Jesse McReynolds create? Answer: crosspicking Question: What is crosspicking? Answer: syncopated banjo-roll-like style Question: Who won several award for his Monroe influenced music? Answer: Ronnie McCoury Question: Who was the minor bluegrass mandolinist that became popular in 1950's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What job was Jesse McReynolds a part of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What technique did Jesse McReynolds destroy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't crosspicking? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who won no awards for his Monroe influenced music? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Compass-M1 is an experimental satellite launched for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing on 14 April 2007. The role of Compass-M1 for Compass is similar to the role of the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system. The orbit of Compass-M1 is nearly circular, has an altitude of 21,150 km and an inclination of 55.5 degrees. Question: When was the Compass-M1 satellite launched? Answer: 14 April 2007 Question: What is the purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite? Answer: for signal testing and validation and for the frequency filing Question: The purpose of the Compass-M1 satellite is similar to the purpose of what other satellite? Answer: the GIOVE satellites for the Galileo system Question: What is the altitude of the Compass-M1 satellite? Answer: 21,150 km Question: What is the inclination of the Compass-M1 satellite? Answer: 55.5 degrees Question: Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched during which month of 2007? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched during which year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Compass-L1 is an experimental satellite launched on what day? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What satellites role is the Compass-L3 similar to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Compass M-1 has a square orbit and an altitude of how many KM? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Clinical immunology is the study of diseases caused by disorders of the immune system (failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth of the cellular elements of the system). It also involves diseases of other systems, where immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features. Question: The study of diseases caused by immune system disorders is called? Answer: Clinical immunology Question: What are three problems of the immune system studied by clinical immunology? Answer: failure, aberrant action, and malignant growth Question: Where can these three elements occur in the immune system? Answer: cellular elements Question: What else does clinical immunology concern itself with? Answer: diseases of other systems Question: Why does clinical immunology extend to those areas? Answer: immune reactions play a part in the pathology and clinical features
Context: A later literary standard, dating from the later 10th century, arose under the influence of Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester, and was followed by such writers as the prolific Ælfric of Eynsham ("the Grammarian"). This form of the language is known as the "Winchester standard", or more commonly as Late West Saxon. It is considered to represent the "classical" form of Old English. It retained its position of prestige until the time of the Norman Conquest, after which English ceased for a time to be of importance as a literary language. Question: Who was known by the nickname "the Grammarian"? Answer: Ælfric of Eynsham Question: What churchman was influential in the development of the Winchester standard? Answer: Bishop Æthelwold of Winchester Question: In what century did the Winchester standard arise? Answer: 10th Question: What is another term for the Winchester standard? Answer: Late West Saxon Question: What event led to English temporarily losing its importance as a literary language? Answer: the Norman Conquest Question: What standard was established in the 1000's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What replaced the classic form of Old English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who influenced literary standards in the 1000's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What writer helped develop the Winchester standard? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Constitution of Canada gives the federal government exclusive responsibility for national defence, and expenditures are thus outlined in the federal budget. For the 2008–2009 fiscal year, the amount allocated for defence spending was CAD$18.9 billion. This regular funding was augmented in 2005 with an additional CAD$12.5 billion over five years, as well as a commitment to increasing regular force troop levels by 5,000 persons, and the primary reserve by 3,000 over the same period. In 2006, a further CAD$5.3 billion over five years was provided to allow for 13,000 more regular force members, and 10,000 more primary reserve personnel, as well as CAD$17.1 billion for the purchase of new trucks for the Canadian Army, transport aircraft and helicopters for the Royal Canadian Air Force, and joint support ships for the Royal Canadian Navy. Question: What gives the federal government responsibility for national defense? Answer: The Constitution of Canada Question: What year was an additional 12.5 Billion Canadian Dollars assigned for over five years? Answer: 2005 Question: What gives the federal government responsibility for international defense? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year was an additional 12.5 Billion Canadian Dollars assigned for over 10 years? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Subsequently with the disgrace of "Near East" in diplomatic and military circles, "Middle East" prevailed. However, "Near East" continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department. They are not generally considered distinct regions as they were at their original definition. Question: What prevailed with the disgrace of "Near East"? Answer: "Middle East" Question: What continues in some circles at the discretion of the defining agency or academic department? Answer: Near East Question: What term was disgraced in diplomatic and military circles? Answer: Near East
Context: Similarities — in systems or even in ideas — that schools share internationally have led to an increase in international student exchanges. The European Socrates-Erasmus Program facilitates exchanges across European universities. The Soros Foundation provides many opportunities for students from central Asia and eastern Europe. Programs such as the International Baccalaureate have contributed to the internationalization of education. The global campus online, led by American universities, allows free access to class materials and lecture files recorded during the actual classes. Question: What has come from similarities in systems? Answer: increase in international student exchanges Question: Which programfacilitates the exchange students across Europe? Answer: The European Socrates-Erasmus Program Question: Which group provides opportunities for Eastern Europe and Asia exchange students? Answer: The Soros Foundation Question: What has come from differences in systems? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which program facilitates the exchange students across Asia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which group provides opportunities for Northern Europe exchange students? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What country does not lead global campuses online? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1939, coinciding with the start of World War II, Rene Dubos reported the discovery of the first naturally derived antibiotic, tyrothricin, a compound of 20% gramicidin and 80% tyrocidine, from B. brevis. It was one of the first commercially manufactured antibiotics universally and was very effective in treating wounds and ulcers during World War II. Gramicidin, however, could not be used systemically because of toxicity. Tyrocidine also proved too toxic for systemic usage. Research results obtained during that period were not shared between the Axis and the Allied powers during the war. Question: What was the first antibiotic developed from nature? Answer: tyrothricin Question: When was tyrothricin created? Answer: 1939 Question: What also happened in 1939 besides tyrothricin? Answer: start of World War II, Question: Who discovered tyrothricin? Answer: Rene Dubos Question: What was tyrothricin used for during the war? Answer: wounds and ulcers Question: What was the first antibiotic developed from wounds? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Gramicidin created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who discovered systematic usage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was tyrothricin used for during toxicity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Rene Dubos was not shared between who? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1063, Ferdinand I of Castile divided his realm among his sons, and the Kingdom of Galicia was granted to Garcia II of Galicia. In 1072, it was forcibly annexed by Garcia's brother Alfonso VI of León; from that time Galicia was united with the Kingdom of León under the same monarchs. In the 13th century Alfonso X of Castile standardized the Castilian language and made it the language of court and government. Nevertheless, in his Kingdom of Galicia the Galician language was the only language spoken, and the most used in government and legal uses, as well as in literature. Question: Who was it that in 1063 gave rule over Galicia to his son? Answer: Ferdinand I Question: What was the name of this son? Answer: Garcia II Question: Who was the brother who later took control for himself? Answer: Alfonso VI Question: Galicia then became part of which Kingdom? Answer: Kingdom of León Question: Who standardized Castillan and made it the government's official language? Answer: Alfonso X
Context: On July 1, 2014, the University of Notre Dame and Under Armour reached an agreement in which Under Armour will provide uniforms, apparel,equipment, and monetary compensation to Notre Dame for 10 years. This contract, worth almost $100 million, is the most lucrative in the history of the NCAA. The university marching band plays at home games for most of the sports. The band, which began in 1846 and has a claim as the oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States, was honored by the National Music Council as a "Landmark of American Music" during the United States Bicentennial. The band regularly plays the school's fight song the Notre Dame Victory March, which was named as the most played and most famous fight song by Northern Illinois Professor William Studwell. According to College Fight Songs: An Annotated Anthology published in 1998, the "Notre Dame Victory March" ranks as the greatest fight song of all time. Question: Who currently provides uniforms to Notre Dame sport teams? Answer: Under Armour Question: What is the value of the contract between Under Armour and Notre Dame? Answer: almost $100 million Question: When did the Notre Dame marching band form? Answer: 1846 Question: What is notable about the Notre Dame marching band? Answer: oldest university band in continuous existence in the United States Question: What is the Notre Dame fight song? Answer: Notre Dame Victory March
Context: New York City is the most-populous city in the United States, with an estimated record high of 8,491,079 residents as of 2014, incorporating more immigration into the city than outmigration since the 2010 United States Census. More than twice as many people live in New York City as in the second-most populous U.S. city (Los Angeles), and within a smaller area. New York City gained more residents between April 2010 and July 2014 (316,000) than any other U.S. city. New York City's population amounts to about 40% of New York State's population and a similar percentage of the New York metropolitan area population. Question: What was the population of New York City in 2014? Answer: 8,491,079 Question: What is the US city with the second largest population? Answer: Los Angeles Question: How many people moved to New York City between April 2010 and July 2014? Answer: 316,000 Question: Approximately what percentage is New York City's population of the entire state's population? Answer: 40% Question: About what percentage is New York City's population of the New York metropolitan area's population? Answer: 40% Question: What is the population of NYC as of 2014? Answer: 8,491,079 Question: The second largest city in the US is what? Answer: Los Angeles Question: What percentage of people that live in the state of New York live in New York City? Answer: 40
Context: His first professional TV job came when he was hired to direct one of the segments for the 1969 pilot episode of Night Gallery. The segment, "Eyes," starred Joan Crawford; she and Spielberg were reportedly close friends until her death. The episode is unusual in his body of work, in that the camerawork is more highly stylized than his later, more "mature" films. After this, and an episode of Marcus Welby, M.D., Spielberg got his first feature-length assignment: an episode of The Name of the Game called "L.A. 2017". This futuristic science fiction episode impressed Universal Studios and they signed him to a short contract. He did another segment on Night Gallery and did some work for shows such as Owen Marshall: Counselor at Law and The Psychiatrist, before landing the first series episode of Columbo (previous episodes were actually TV films). Question: Who starred in the TV show segment "Eyes" Answer: Joan Crawford Question: What was Steven Spielberg's first feature-length assignment? Answer: an episode of The Name of the Game called "L.A. 2017". Question: What genre was Steven Spielberg's episode of "The Name of the Game"? Answer: science fiction Question: What was the relatioship between Joan Crawford and Steven Spielberg? Answer: reportedly close friends Question: What year was Spielberg hired to direct one of the segments for "Night Gallery"? Answer: 1969 Question: What was the first TV episode Spielberg directed part of? Answer: 1969 pilot episode of Night Gallery Question: Who starred in Spielberg's TV debut? Answer: Joan Crawford Question: What was Spielberg's first full TV episode to direct? Answer: an episode of The Name of the Game called "L.A. 2017" Question: What genre was 'LA 2017'? Answer: futuristic science fiction Question: What law show did Spielberg work on? Answer: Owen Marshall: Counselor at Law Question: In what year did Spielberg direct an episode of The Name of the Game? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Spielberg direct an episode of Marcus Welby, M.D.? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the Marcus Welby, M.D. episode that Spielberg directed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what city did Joan Crawford die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Spielberg work on the tv show Owen Marshall: Counselor at Law? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A number of BYU alumni have found success in professional sports, representing the University in 7 MLB World Series, 5 NBA Finals, and 25 NFL Super Bowls. In baseball, BYU alumni include All-Stars Rick Aguilera '83, Wally Joyner '84, and Jack Morris '76. Professional basketball players include three-time NBA champion Danny Ainge '81, 1952 NBA Rookie of the Year and 4-time NBA All-Star Mel Hutchins '51,[citation needed] three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer Krešimir Ćosić '73, and consensus 2011 national college player of the year Jimmer Fredette '11, currently with the New York Knicks organization. BYU also claims notable professional football players including two-time NFL MVP and Super Bowl MVP and Pro Football Hall of Fame quarterback Steve Young '84 & J.D. '96, Heisman Trophy winner Ty Detmer '90, and two-time Super Bowl winner Jim McMahon. In golf, BYU alumni include two major championship winners: Johnny Miller ('69) at the 1973 U.S. Open and 1976 British Open and Mike Weir ('92) at the 2003 Masters. Question: Which three-time Olympic medalist and Hall of Famer graduated from BYU? Answer: Krešimir Ćosić Question: Which Heisman Trophy winner graduated from BYU? Answer: Ty Detmer Question: Which two-time Super Bowl winner graduated from BYU? Answer: Jim McMahon Question: Which winner of the 2003 Golf Masters graduated from BYU? Answer: Mike Weir Question: Which BYU graduate has won both the 1976 British Open and the 1973 U.S. Open? Answer: Johnny Miller Question: Who has represented in 5 MLB World Series? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Ty Detmer graduate BUY? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who won the U.S. Open in 1976? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who won the 1973 Masters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What BUY alumni won the Heisman Trophy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) or above 25 °C (77 °F) are rare. Cork Airport records an average of 1,227.9 millimetres (4.029 ft) of precipitation annually, most of which is rain. The airport records an average of 7 days of hail and 11 days of snow or sleet a year; though it only records lying snow for 2 days of the year. The low altitude of the city, and moderating influences of the harbour, mean that lying snow very rarely occurs in the city itself. There are on average 204 "rainy" days a year (over 0.2 millimetres (0.0079 in) of rainfall), of which there are 73 days with "heavy rain" (over 5 millimetres (0.20 in)). Cork is also a generally foggy city, with an average of 97 days of fog a year, most common during mornings and during winter. Despite this, however, Cork is also one of Ireland's sunniest cities, with an average of 3.9 hours of sunshine every day and only having 67 days where there is no "recordable sunshine", mostly during and around winter. Question: How much precipitation does Cork usually receive? Answer: 1,227.9 millimetres (4.029 ft) Question: What is usually the type of precipitation that Cork receives? Answer: rain Question: How long does snow hang around in Cork? Answer: 2 days Question: What is the atmosphere typically like in Cork? Answer: foggy Question: How many foggy days does Cork usually have per year? Answer: average of 97 Question: What is rarely below 25 degrees C? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who records an average of 1,227.9 cm of precipitation a year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is there an annual average of 4.029 ft of rain recorded? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of Ireland's foggiest cities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes lying snow in the city? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much precipitation does Ireland have annually? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many days of hail does Ireland have a year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What influence does the harbor have on Ireland's lack of lying snow? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many rainy days a year are there in Ireland? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many days of fog are there in Ireland a year? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The French were unaware of German numerical superiority at the beginning of the battle as the German 2nd Army did not attack all at once. Treating the oncoming attacks as merely skirmishes, Frossard did not request additional support from other units. By the time he realized what kind of a force he was opposing, it was too late. Seriously flawed communications between Frossard and those in reserve under Bazaine slowed down so much that by the time the reserves received orders to move out to Spicheren, German soldiers from the 1st and 2nd armies had charged up the heights. Because the reserves had not arrived, Frossard erroneously believed that he was in grave danger of being outflanked as German soldiers under General von Glume were spotted in Forbach. Instead of continuing to defend the heights, by the close of battle after dusk he retreated to the south. The German casualties were relatively high due to the advance and the effectiveness of the chassepot rifle. They were quite startled in the morning when they had found out that their efforts were not in vain—Frossard had abandoned his position on the heights. Question: What factor were the French unaware of at the start of the battle? Answer: German numerical superiority Question: Which French commander miscalculated the severity of the battle? Answer: Frossard Question: What was a key factor in Frossard's disasterous retreat to the south? Answer: Seriously flawed communications Question: What factor was credited to the large number of German casualties? Answer: effectiveness of the chassepot rifle Question: What outcome surprised the Germans the following day? Answer: Frossard had abandoned his position
Context: Japan saw the release of the Satellaview, a modem which attached to the Super Famicom's expansion port and connected to the St.GIGA satellite radio station. Users of the Satellaview could download gaming news and specially designed games, which were frequently either remakes of or sequels to older Famicom titles, released in installments. Satellaview signals were broadcast from April 23, 1995 through June 30, 2000. In the United States, the similar but relatively short-lived XBAND allowed users to connect to a network via a dial-up modem to compete against other players around the country. Question: What modem was available for the Japanese SNES? Answer: Satellaview Question: What service did the Satellaview connect to? Answer: the St.GIGA satellite radio station Question: When did the Satellaview begin operation? Answer: April 23, 1995 Question: When did the Satellaview end operation? Answer: June 30, 2000 Question: What was the US equivalent of Satellaview? Answer: XBAND Question: When did dial-up stop broadcasting in the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Satellaview start broadcasting in the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did users of XBAND do in Japan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did an XBAND attach to on consoles in Japan? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of games were downloaded on XBAND to compete in Japan? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard specifies a more elaborate power negotiation scheme than powered USB. It operates at 48 V DC and can supply more power (up to 12.95 W, PoE+ 25.5 W) over a cable up to 100 meters compared to USB 2.0, which provides 2.5 W with a maximum cable length of 5 meters. This has made PoE popular for VoIP telephones, security cameras, wireless access points and other networked devices within buildings. However, USB is cheaper than PoE provided that the distance is short, and power demand is low. Question: The IEEE 802.3af Power over Ethernet (PoE) standard specifies a what? Answer: more elaborate power negotiation scheme than powered USB Question: Is USB cheaper or more expensive than PoE? Answer: cheaper Question: What keeps USB cheaper than PoE? Answer: the distance is short, and power demand is low.
Context: The Exeter to Plymouth railway of the LSWR needs to be reopened to connect Cornwall and Plymouth to the rest of the UK railway system on an all weather basis. There are proposals to reopen the line from Tavistock to Bere Alston for a through service to Plymouth. On the night of 4 February 2014, amid high winds and extremely rough seas, part of the sea wall at Dawlish was breached washing away around 40 metres (130 ft) of the wall and the ballast under the railway immediately behind. The line was closed. Network Rail began repair work and the line reopened on 4 April 2014. In the wake of widespread disruption caused by damage to the mainline track at Dawlish by coastal storms in February 2014, Network Rail are considering reopening the Tavistock to Okehampton and Exeter section of the line as an alternative to the coastal route. Question: On what date was the Dawlish sea wall damaged? Answer: 4 February 2014 Question: In feet, how much of the Dawlish sea wall was destroyed? Answer: 130 Question: After the Dawlish sea wall was damaged, on what date did the line reopen? Answer: 4 April 2014 Question: In what month and year did storms affect the coastal line near Dawlish? Answer: February 2014
Context: Other popular sites for pop-artist performances include the 3,000-seat Teatro Metropolitan, the 15,000-seat Palacio de los Deportes, and the larger 50,000-seat Foro Sol Stadium, where popular international artists perform on a regular basis. The Cirque du Soleil has held several seasons at the Carpa Santa Fe, in the Santa Fe district in the western part of the city. There are numerous venues for smaller musical ensembles and solo performers. These include the Hard Rock Live, Bataclán, Foro Scotiabank, Lunario, Circo Volador and Voilá Acoustique. Recent additions include the 20,000-seat Arena Ciudad de México, the 3,000-seat Pepsi Center World Trade Center, and the 2,500-seat Auditorio Blackberry. Question: How many sets are in the Teatro Metropolitan? Answer: 3,000 Question: The Foro Sol Stadium hols how many people? Answer: 50,000 Question: Where does Cirque du Soleil go in Mexico City? Answer: Carpa Santa Fe Question: The Pepsi Center World Trade Center holds how many people? Answer: 3,000
Context: Jerry Kurz also stepped down as commissioner of the AFL as he was promoted to be the AFL's first president. Former Foxwoods CEO Scott Butera was hired as his successor as commissioner. Question: Who was the first president of the AFL? Answer: Jerry Kurz Question: What was Jerry Kurz's job title prior to being president of the AFL? Answer: commissioner Question: Who became commissioner of the AFL after Jerry Kurz? Answer: Scott Butera Question: Where did Scott Butera work prior to becoming AFL commissioner? Answer: Foxwoods Question: What was Scott Butera's job title prior to becoming AFL commissioner? Answer: CEO
Context: By contrast, Tom Wolfe's Bonfire of the Vanities (1987) portrays a wealthy, white protagonist, Sherman McCoy, getting lost off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx and having an altercation with locals. A substantial piece of the last part of the book is set in the resulting riotous trial at the Bronx County Courthouse. However, times change, and in 2007, the New York Times reported that "the Bronx neighborhoods near the site of Sherman's accident are now dotted with townhouses and apartments." In the same article, the Reverend Al Sharpton (whose fictional analogue in the novel is "Reverend Bacon") asserts that "twenty years later, the cynicism of The Bonfire of the Vanities is as out of style as Tom Wolfe's wardrobe." Question: Who wrote 'Bonfire of the Vanities'? Answer: Tom Wolfe Question: When was 'Bonfire of the Vanities' published? Answer: 1987 Question: Who was the main character of 'Bonfire of the Vanities'? Answer: Sherman McCoy Question: What race was Sherman McCoy? Answer: white Question: Where did McCoy get lost? Answer: off the Major Deegan Expressway in the South Bronx
Context: In September 2008, the crisis hit its most critical stage. There was the equivalent of a bank run on the money market funds, which frequently invest in commercial paper issued by corporations to fund their operations and payrolls. Withdrawal from money markets were $144.5 billion during one week, versus $7.1 billion the week prior. This interrupted the ability of corporations to rollover (replace) their short-term debt. The U.S. government responded by extending insurance for money market accounts analogous to bank deposit insurance via a temporary guarantee and with Federal Reserve programs to purchase commercial paper. The TED spread, an indicator of perceived credit risk in the general economy, spiked up in July 2007, remained volatile for a year, then spiked even higher in September 2008, reaching a record 4.65% on October 10, 2008. Question: When did the financial crisis hit its most critical stage? Answer: September 2008 Question: The equivalent of a bank run on which funds occurred in September 2008? Answer: money market funds Question: What do money market funds frequently invest in? Answer: commercial paper issued by corporations Question: How much was withdrawn from money markets during one week in September 2008? Answer: $144.5 billion Question: What was the record high for the TED spread on October 10, 2008? Answer: 4.65%
Context: According to the 2011 Census, 81.0% of the Portuguese population are Roman Catholic. The country has small Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist communities. Influences from African Traditional Religion and Chinese Traditional Religion are also felt among many people, particularly in fields related with Traditional Chinese Medicine and African Witch Doctors. Some 6.8% of the population declared themselves to be non-religious, and 8.3% did not give any answer about their religion. Question: What percentage of the Portuguese people are Roman Catholic? Answer: 81.0% Question: What other religious communities exist in Portugal? Answer: Protestant, Latter-day Saint, Muslim, Hindu, Sikh, Eastern Orthodox Church, Jehovah's Witnesses, Baha'i, Buddhist, Jewish and Spiritist Question: What percentage of the Portuguese people identify as non-religious? Answer: 6.8% Question: What percentage of the Portuguese population did not give an answer for their religion in the 2011 census? Answer: 8.3%
Context: To fill this gap in the literature, mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles. Some players have sought out contemporary composers to solicit new works. Traditional mandolin orchestras remain especially popular in Japan and Germany, but also exist throughout the United States, Europe and the rest of the world. They perform works composed for mandolin family instruments, or re-orchestrations of traditional pieces. The structure of a contemporary traditional mandolin orchestra consists of: first and second mandolins, mandolas (either octave mandolas, tuned an octave below the mandolin, or tenor mandolas, tuned like the viola), mandocellos (tuned like the cello), and bass instruments (conventional string bass or, rarely, mandobasses). Smaller ensembles, such as quartets composed of two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, may also be found. Question: What type of music has mandolins played? Answer: mandolin orchestras have traditionally played many arrangements of music written for regular orchestras or other ensembles Question: Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain popular? Answer: Japan and Germany Question: What do the structure of a contempory traditional orchestra consist of? Answer: first and second mandolins, Question: What are smalled ensambles composed of? Answer: two mandolins, mandola, and mandocello, Question: What are the mandocellos usually tuned like? Answer: cello Question: What type of music has mandolins never played? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where do traditional mandolin orchestras remain unpopular? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do the structure of a contemporary untraditional orchestra consist of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are large ensambles composed of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: P. Christiaan Klieger, an anthropologist and scholar of the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco, writes that the vice royalty of the Sakya regime installed by the Mongols established a patron and priest relationship between Tibetans and Mongol converts to Tibetan Buddhism. According to him, the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans upheld a "mutual role of religious prelate and secular patron," respectively. He adds that "Although agreements were made between Tibetan leaders and Mongol khans, Ming and Qing emperors, it was the Republic of China and its Communist successors that assumed the former imperial tributaries and subject states as integral parts of the Chinese nation-state." Question: Who does P. Christiaan Klieger claim to have had a mutual role of religious prelate? Answer: the Tibetan lamas and Mongol khans Question: Who does P. Christiaan Klieger believe undertook the former imperial tributaries? Answer: the Republic of China and its Communist successors Question: Where does P. Christiaan Klieger work? Answer: the California Academy of Sciences in San Francisco Question: Who was the vice royalty of the Sakya regime established by? Answer: the Mongols Question: The Sakya regime established what kind of relationship between the Tibetans and Mongol converts? Answer: patron and priest relationship
Context: On 12 January 1938 by Letters Patent the islands were declared a dependency of Saint Helena. Prior to roughly this period, passing ships stopped irregularly at the island for a period of mere hours. Question: what year were the islands declared dependent of saint helena? Answer: 1938 Question: When was Saint Helena declared a dependency of the islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What declared Saint Helena a dependency of the islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For how long did Letters Patent stop at the island? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Letters Patent declared a dependency of the islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When were the islands declared independent from Saint Helena? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The wildcard round returned in season eight, wherein there were three groups of twelve, with three contestants moving forward – the highest male, the highest female, and the next highest-placed singer - for each night, and four wildcards were chosen by the judges to produce a final 13. Starting season ten, the girls and boys perform on separate nights. In seasons ten and eleven, five of each gender were chosen, and three wildcards were chosen by the judges to form a final 13. In season twelve, the top twenty semifinalists were split into gender groups, with five of each gender advancing to form the final 10. In season thirteen, there were thirty semifinalists, but only twenty semifinalists (ten for each gender) were chosen by the judges to perform on the live shows, with five in each gender and three wildcards chosen by the judges composing the final 13. Question: How many wildcards were chosen by the judges in season eight? Answer: four Question: How many wildcard contestants were advanced in the competition in season ten? Answer: three Question: How many women were in the top ten in season twelve? Answer: five Question: How many finalists were there in season eight? Answer: thirteen Question: What season saw the return of the Wild Card round? Answer: season eight Question: How many contestants moved forward from each round? Answer: three Question: How many wildcard contestants were chosen? Answer: four Question: How many contestants were finalists for season 12? Answer: 10
Context: Czech distinguishes three genders—masculine, feminine, and neuter—and the masculine gender is subdivided into animate and inanimate. With few exceptions, feminine nouns in the nominative case end in -a, -e, or -ost; neuter nouns in -o, -e, or -í, and masculine nouns in a consonant. Adjectives agree in gender and animacy (for masculine nouns in the accusative or genitive singular and the nominative plural) with the nouns they modify. The main effect of gender in Czech is the difference in noun and adjective declension, but other effects include past-tense verb endings: for example, dělal (he did, or made); dělala (she did, or made) and dělalo (it did, or made). Question: How many genders does Czech distinguish? Answer: three Question: What categories is the masculine gender in Czech divided into? Answer: animate and inanimate Question: What do Czech adjectives agree with in the nouns they modify? Answer: gender and animacy Question: What is the main effect of gender in Czech? Answer: difference in noun and adjective declension Question: What does gender also affect in Czech? Answer: past-tense verb endings Question: What are the three adjective types in Czech? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How is the feminine gender divided? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do Czech consonants usually describe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the main effect of consonants in Czech? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do consonants also affect in Czech? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In 1966, Tony married the family's housekeeper Joan Gustafson; they had two children, Jennifer (born 1967) and Mario (born 1968). At this point, Madonna started to resent him for decades, and developed a rebellious attitude. She attended St. Frederick's and St. Andrew's Catholic Elementary Schools, and West Middle School. Madonna was known for her high grade point average, and achieved notoriety for her unconventional behavior. She would perform cartwheels and handstands in the hallways between classes, dangle by her knees from the monkey bars during recess, and pull up her skirt during class—all so that the boys could see her underwear. Question: In 1966, who did Tony married? Answer: Joan Gustafson Question: Name one child from the union of Tony and Joan? Answer: Mario Question: When was Mario born? Answer: 1968 Question: What is the name of the middle school that Madonna attended? Answer: West Middle School Question: Madonna achieved a name for herself in school by her unusual behavior and also for what other reason? Answer: high grade point average
Context: London is one of the leading tourist destinations in the world and in 2015 was ranked as the most visited city in the world with over 65 million visits. It is also the top city in the world by visitor cross-border spending, estimated at US$20.23 billion in 2015 Tourism is one of London's prime industries, employing the equivalent of 350,000 full-time workers in 2003, and the city accounts for 54% of all inbound visitor spend in UK. As of 2016 London is rated as the world top ranked city destination by TripAdvisor users. Question: According to 2015 data, how many how many visitors gave London its ranking as the number one visited city in the world? Answer: 65 million Question: How many US dollars are estimated to have been spent in London by visitors from other countries? Answer: $20.23 billion Question: As of 2003, roughly how many full time workers were employed in the tourism industry? Answer: 350,000 Question: Which travel and tourism website's user activity has indicated that London is the number one travel destination? Answer: TripAdvisor Question: What percentage of visitor money is estimated to be spent in London? Answer: 54%
Context: A large percentage of herbivores have mutualistic gut flora that help them digest plant matter, which is more difficult to digest than animal prey. This gut flora is made up of cellulose-digesting protozoans or bacteria living in the herbivores' intestines. Coral reefs are the result of mutualisms between coral organisms and various types of algae that live inside them. Most land plants and land ecosystems rely on mutualisms between the plants, which fix carbon from the air, and mycorrhyzal fungi, which help in extracting water and minerals from the ground. Question: What type of relationship do herbivores have with the bacteria in their intestines? Answer: mutualistic Question: What do coral and algae produce together? Answer: Coral reefs Question: How do plants contribute to terrestrial ecosystems? Answer: fix carbon from the air Question: What type of fungus draws liquid and minerals out of the earth? Answer: mycorrhyzal Question: What do herbivores have to digest animal prey? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where do the mycorrhyzal fungi go to after extracting water and minerals from the ground? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where do the mycorrhyzal fungi go back to after extracting carbon from the air? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What organism has both cellulose-digesting protozoans and and mycorrhyzal fungi living in their intestines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of fungi do coral reef depend on? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The earliest known avialan fossils come from the Tiaojishan Formation of China, which has been dated to the late Jurassic period (Oxfordian stage), about 160 million years ago. The avialan species from this time period include Anchiornis huxleyi, Xiaotingia zhengi, and Aurornis xui. The well-known early avialan, Archaeopteryx, dates from slightly later Jurassic rocks (about 155 million years old) from Germany. Many of these early avialans shared unusual anatomical features that may be ancestral to modern birds, but were later lost during bird evolution. These features include enlarged claws on the second toe which may have been held clear of the ground in life, and long feathers or "hind wings" covering the hind limbs and feet, which may have been used in aerial maneuvering. Question: The Oxfordian stage is also known as what? Answer: late Jurassic period Question: How long ago was the late Jurassic period? Answer: about 160 million years ago Question: Avian species such as Anchiornis huxleyi and Xiaotingia zhengi are from which time period? Answer: late Jurassic period Question: What may have been used in aerial maneuvering? Answer: hind wings
Context: Voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives occurs, although less in Dutch than in German (Du zeven, Germ sieben [z] vs. Eng seven and LG seven [s]), and also the shift in /θ/ > /d/. Dutch shares only with Low German the development of /xs/ > /ss/ (Du vossen, ossen and LG Vösse, Ossen vs. Germ Füchse, Ochsen and Eng foxes, oxen), and also the development of /ft/ → /xt/ though it is far more common in Dutch (Du zacht and LG sacht vs. Germ sanft and Eng soft, but Du kracht vs. LG/Germ kraft and Eng cognate craft). Question: Is the voicing of pre-vocalic initial voiceless alveolar fricatives more common in Dutch or German? Answer: German Question: Does the development of /ft/ to /xt/ occur more in Low German or Dutch? Answer: Dutch Question: What number word is spelled the same in English and Low German? Answer: seven Question: What's the German word for "seven"? Answer: sieben Question: Although spelled differently, the first consonant of what Dutch word for "seven" is pronounced the same as its German counterpart? Answer: zeven
Context: Approximately 66,000 people of Native American heritage live in Montana. Stemming from multiple treaties and federal legislation, including the Indian Appropriations Act (1851), the Dawes Act (1887), and the Indian Reorganization Act (1934), seven Indian reservations, encompassing eleven tribal nations, were created in Montana. A twelfth nation, the Little Shell Chippewa is a "landless" people headquartered in Great Falls, recognized by the state of Montana but not by the U.S. Government. The Blackfeet nation is headquartered on the Blackfeet Indian Reservation (1851) in Browning, Crow on the Crow Indian Reservation (1851) in Crow Agency, Confederated Salish and Kootenai and Pend d'Oreille on the Flathead Indian Reservation (1855) in Pablo, Northern Cheyenne on the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation (1884) at Lame Deer, Assiniboine and Gros Ventre on the Fort Belknap Indian Reservation (1888) in Fort Belknap Agency, Assiniboine and Sioux on the Fort Peck Indian Reservation (1888) at Poplar, and Chippewa-Cree on the Rocky Boy's Indian Reservation (1916) near Box Elder. Approximately 63% of all Native people live off the reservations, concentrated in the larger Montana cities with the largest concentration of urban Indians in Great Falls. The state also has a small Métis population, and 1990 census data indicated that people from as many as 275 different tribes lived in Montana. Question: About how many Native Americans live in Montana? Answer: Approximately 66,000 Question: When was the Indian Appropriations Act passed? Answer: 1851 Question: What year was the Dawes act passed? Answer: 1887 Question: Where are the Little Shell Chippewa headquartered? Answer: Great Falls Question: About what percentage of the Native Americans in Montana live off the reservation? Answer: 63%
Context: During the Cantonal Revolution of 1873, a cantonalist uprising that took place during the First Spanish Republic, the city was consolidated with most of the nearby cities in the Federal Canton of Valencia (proclaimed on 19 July and dissolved on 7 August). It did not have the revolutionary fervor of the movement in cities like Alcoy, as it was initiated by the bourgeoisie, but the Madrid government sent General Martinez-Campos to stifle the rebellion by force of arms and subjected Valencia to an intense bombardment. The city surrendered on 7 August; Alfonso XII was proclaimed king on 29 December 1874, and arrived in Valencia on 11 January 1875 on his way to Madrid, marking the end of the first republic. Despite the Bourbon restoration, the roughly even balance between conservatives and liberals in the government was sustained in Valencia until the granting of universal male suffrage in 1890, after which the Republicans, led by Vicente Blasco Ibáñez, gained considerably more of the popular vote. Question: In what year did the cantonalist uprising occur? Answer: 1873 Question: Who was sent to stop Valencia's uprising? Answer: General Martinez-Campos Question: Who became king in 1874? Answer: Alfonso XII Question: When did Alfonso XXII reach Valencia? Answer: 11 January 1875 Question: Who was the Republican leader after the granting of male suffrage? Answer: Vicente Blasco Ibáñez
Context: Several Germanic tribes celebrated the returning of the daylight. A predominant deity was during this jubilee driven around in a noisy procession on a ship on wheels. The winter would be driven out, to make sure that fertility could return in spring. A central figure was possibly the fertility goddess Nerthus. Also there are some indications that the effigy of Nerthus or Freyr was placed on a ship with wheels and accompanied by a procession of people in animal disguise and men in women's clothes. Aboard the ship would the marriage of a man and woman be consummated as a fertility ritual. Question: What did a bunch of Germanic tribes celebrate? Answer: the returning of the daylight Question: How was the ship carrying a predominant deity moved around during the jubilee? Answer: on wheels Question: Why was the winter driven out? Answer: to make sure that fertility could return in spring Question: What is Nerthus the goddess of? Answer: fertility Question: How would the marriage of a man and woman on the ship serve as a fertility ritual? Answer: be consummated
Context: Burmese, the mother tongue of the Bamar and official language of Myanmar, is related to Tibetan and Chinese language. It is written in a script consisting of circular and semi-circular letters, which were adapted from the Mon script, which in turn was developed from a southern Indian script in the 5th century. The earliest known inscriptions in the Burmese script date from the 11th century. It is also used to write Pali, the sacred language of Theravada Buddhism, as well as several ethnic minority languages, including Shan, several Karen dialects, and Kayah (Karenni), with the addition of specialised characters and diacritics for each language. Question: What is the matriarchal brogue of Burma that became the countries' standard vernacular ? Answer: Burmese Question: Which two vernaculars hold relation to the official language? Answer: Tibetan and Chinese language Question: How is the recognized official language of Burma displayed ? Answer: It is written in a script consisting of circular and semi-circular letters Question: On what is the visual display of the language a subset of ? Answer: the Mon script, which in turn was developed from a southern Indian script in the 5th century Question: From when are the first impressions of the visually displayed language ? Answer: The earliest known inscriptions in the Burmese script date from the 11th century.
Context: In the 19th century, a house near Ephesus in Turkey was found, based on the visions of Anne Catherine Emmerich, an Augustinian nun in Germany. It has since been visited as the House of the Virgin Mary by Roman Catholic pilgrims who consider it the place where Mary lived until her assumption. The Gospel of John states that Mary went to live with the Disciple whom Jesus loved,[Jn 19:27] identified as John the Evangelist.[citation needed] Irenaeus and Eusebius of Caesarea wrote in their histories that John later went to Ephesus, which may provide the basis for the early belief that Mary also lived in Ephesus with John. Question: In which country is Ephesus? Answer: Turkey Question: Whose visions led to the identification of the House of the Virgin Mary? Answer: Anne Catherine Emmerich Question: Which disciple is known as "the Disciple whom Jesus loved?" Answer: John the Evangelist Question: With whom is it believed that Mary lived with in Ephesus? Answer: John Question: In which century was the House of the Virgin Mary found? Answer: 19th Question: Where did Anne Catherine Emmerich live? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Irenaeus and Eusebius of Caesarea live? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what century did Anne Catherine Emmerich meet Irenaeus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what century did Mary live in Ephesus with John? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What Evangelist did Anne Catherine Emmerich meet in Turkey? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Buddhism began to spread throughout Japan during the Heian period, primarily through two major esoteric sects, Tendai and Shingon. Tendai originated in China and is based on the Lotus Sutra, one of the most important sutras of Mahayana Buddhism; Saichō was key to its transmission to Japan. Shingon is the Japanese transmission of the Chinese Chen Yen school. Shingon, brought to Japan by the monk Kūkai, emphasizes Esoteric Buddhism. Both Kūkai and Saichō aimed to connect state and religion and establish support from the aristocracy, leading to the notion of 'aristocratic Buddhism'. An important element of Tendai doctrine was the suggestion that enlightenment was accessible to "every creature". Saichō also sought independent ordination for Tendai monks. A close relationship developed between the Tendai monastery complex on Mount Hiei and the imperial court in its new capital at the foot of the mountain. As a result, Tendai emphasized great reverence for the emperor and the nation. Kammu himself was a notable patron of the otherworldly Tendai sect, which rose to great power over the ensuing centuries. Kūkai greatly impressed the emperors who succeeded Emperor Kammu, and also generations of Japanese, not only with his holiness but also with his poetry, calligraphy, painting, and sculpture. Shingon, through its use of "rich symbols, rituals and mandalas" held a wide-ranging appeal. Question: What religion spread during the Heian period? Answer: Buddhism Question: What were the two Japanese sects of Buddhism? Answer: Tendai and Shingon Question: Who brought Shingon Buddhism to Japan? Answer: Kūkai Question: Tendai Buddhism suggested that enlightenment was accessible to who? Answer: every creature Question: What philosophy had little influence during the Haian period? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were the two Chinese sects of Buddhism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Kukai bring Tendai Buddhism to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who thought all Buddist monks should be ordinated together? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What court did Shingon develop a close relationship with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hunter-gatherer societies manifest significant variability, depending on climate zone/life zone, available technology and societal structure. Archaeologists examine hunter-gatherer tool kits to measure variability across different groups. Collard et al. (2005) found temperature to be the only statistically significant factor to impact hunter-gatherer tool kits. Using temperature as a proxy for risk, Collard et al.'s results suggest that environments with extreme temperatures pose a threat to hunter-gatherer systems significant enough to warrant increased variability of tools. These results support Torrence's (1989) theory that risk of failure is indeed the most important factor in determining the structure of hunter-gatherer toolkits. Question: What is the only important factor in hunter-gatherer tool choices? Answer: temperature Question: What does climate produce in hunter-gatherer societies? Answer: variability Question: What is the threat that extreme temperature causes in environment? Answer: significant Question: What does temperature impact on tool kits? Answer: increased variability of tools Question: What is Torrence's 1989 theory about that ties into tool kit variability ? Answer: risk of failure Question: What was found to be one of the many significant factors affecting hunter-gatherer tool kits? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Environments with stable temperatures posed a risk to which systems? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Risk of success is the most important factor in determining the structure of whose toolkits? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Payment structure affected the variability of which societies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Torrence found temperature to be a significant factor for toolkits in what year? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. The first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920 which proved a major success, despite its poor quality due to a fixed camera position and inadequate film accessories. During the 1920s and 1930s, many Burmese-owned film companies made and produced several films. The first Burmese sound film was produced in 1932 in Bombay, India with the title Ngwe Pay Lo Ma Ya (Money Can't Buy It). After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes. Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them. Question: What was the first motion picture about someone's life filmed in Myanmar ? Answer: Myanmar's first film was a documentary of the funeral of Tun Shein Question: Why was this film relevant enough to be the first ? Answer: Tun Shein — a leading politician of the 1910s, who campaigned for Burmese independence in London. Question: Before the advent of talking pictures, what was the name of the first movie in Myanmar and when was it 's debut ? Answer: first Burmese silent film Myitta Ne Thuya (Love and Liquor) in 1920 Question: Following the end of the second World War, what was a still a popular theme among films makers in Burma ? Answer: After World War II, Burmese cinema continued to address political themes Question: Where any of the Burmese films ever used as an instrument to influence the people ? Answer: Many of the films produced in the early Cold War era had a strong propaganda element to them.
Context: The Oklahoma City Thunder has been regarded by sports analysts as one of the elite franchises of the NBA's Western Conference and that of a media darling as the future of the league. Oklahoma City has earned Northwest Division titles every year since 2009 and has consistently improved its win record to 59-wins in 2014. The Thunder is led by first year head coach Billy Donovan and is anchored by several NBA superstars, including perennial All-Star point guard Russell Westbrook, 2014 MVP and four-time NBA scoring champion Kevin Durant, and Defensive Player of the Year nominee and shot-blocker Serge Ibaka. Question: When did the Thunder start winning Northwest Division Titles? Answer: 2009 Question: Who is the Thunders head coach? Answer: Billy Donovan Question: Who is the Thunders point guard? Answer: Russell Westbrook
Context: To raise money, Seagram head Edgar Bronfman Jr. sold Universal's television holdings, including cable network USA, to Barry Diller (these same properties would be bought back later at greatly inflated prices). In June 2000, Seagram was sold to French water utility and media company Vivendi, which owned StudioCanal; the conglomerate then became known as Vivendi Universal. Afterward, Universal Pictures acquired the United States distribution rights of several of StudioCanal's films, such as Mulholland Drive (which received an Oscar nomination) and Brotherhood of the Wolf (which became the second-highest-grossing French-language film in the United States since 1980). Universal Pictures and StudioCanal also co-produced several films, such as Love Actually (an $40 million-budgeted film that eventually grossed $246 million worldwide). In late 2000, the New York Film Academy was permitted to use the Universal Studios backlot for student film projects in an unofficial partnership. Question: Who was the head of Seagram? Answer: Edgar Bronfman Jr. Question: Who bought the USA cable network from Seagram? Answer: Barry Diller Question: Who bought Seagram in June 2000? Answer: Vivendi Question: What was the budget of the film Love Actually? Answer: $40 million Question: What StudioCanal film received an Academy Award nomination? Answer: Mulholland Drive Question: What company did Edgar Bronfman Jr. sell Seagram's holdings to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was Seagram sold to in June 1980? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What 2000 film grossed $246 million? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What film grossed $264 million? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Universal Studios permitted to use in 2000? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The county was subject to significant boundary reform in 1974 that removed Liverpool and Manchester and most of their surrounding conurbations to form the metropolitan counties of Merseyside and Greater Manchester. The detached northern part of Lancashire in the Lake District, including the Furness Peninsula and Cartmel, was merged with Cumberland and Westmorland to form Cumbria. Lancashire lost 709 square miles of land to other counties, about two fifths of its original area, although it did gain some land from the West Riding of Yorkshire. Today the county borders Cumbria to the north, Greater Manchester and Merseyside to the south and North and West Yorkshire to the east; with a coastline on the Irish Sea to the west. The county palatine boundaries remain the same[clarification needed] with the Duke of Lancaster exercising sovereignty rights, including the appointment of lords lieutenant in Greater Manchester and Merseyside. Question: When was Liverpool and Manchester removed from Lancashire boundaries? Answer: 1974 Question: How many miles of land did Lancashire lose to other countries? Answer: 709 Question: What is to the north of Lancashire today? Answer: Cumbria Question: What is to the east of Lancashire today? Answer: West Yorkshire Question: Who exercises sovereignty rights for Lancashire? Answer: Duke of Lancaster Question: How much land did Lancashire gain from West Riding of Yorkshire? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How large is the metropolitan county of Merseyside? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What county borders Cumbria to the east? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the current Duke of Lancaster start his reign? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How big was the West Riding of Yorkshire prior to 1974? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: By 1939, in his Prolegomena for the Oxford Shakespeare, McKerrow had changed his mind about this approach, as he feared that a later edition – even if it contained authorial corrections – would "deviate more widely than the earliest print from the author's original manuscript." He therefore concluded that the correct procedure would be "produced by using the earliest "good" print as copy-text and inserting into it, from the first edition which contains them, such corrections as appear to us to be derived from the author." But, fearing the arbitrary exercise of editorial judgment, McKerrow stated that, having concluded that a later edition had substantive revisions attributable to the author, "we must accept all the alterations of that edition, saving any which seem obvious blunders or misprints." Question: Why did McKerrow alter his previous method of criticism? Answer: deviate more widely than the earliest print from the author's original manuscript." Question: How did McKerrow alter his approach to copy-text analysis? Answer: inserting into it, from the first edition which contains them, such corrections as appear to us to be derived from the author." Question: What did McKerrow concede about his new copy-text method? Answer: we must accept all the alterations of that edition, saving any which seem obvious blunders or misprints Question: What work was the first to see McKerrow use his new method? Answer: Prolegomena for the Oxford Shakespeare Question: What book did Shakespeare publish in 1939? Answer: Unanswerable Question: McKerrow stayed firm in which opinion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many revisions did early editions have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: McKerrow thinks we should only accept one revision for what reason? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: According to heraldic sources total number of legal ennoblements issued between the 14th century and the mid-18th century, is estimated at approximately 800. This is an average of only about two ennoblements per year or only 0.000 000 14 – 0.000 001 of historical population. Compare: historical demography of Poland. Question: Around what time was the total legal number of ennoblement at 800? Answer: between the 14th century and the mid-18th century, Question: What is average for ennoblements between 14th and min 18th century. Answer: two ennoblements per year Question: What type of sources give information regarding total number of enablements? Answer: heraldic sources
Context: BYU has been considered by some Latter-day Saints, as well as some university and church leaders, to be "The Lord's university". This phrase is used in reference to the school's mission as an "ambassador" to the world for the LDS Church and thus, for Jesus Christ. In the past, some students and faculty have expressed dissatisfaction with this nickname, stating that it gives students the idea that university authorities are always divinely inspired and never to be contradicted. Leaders of the school, however, acknowledge that the nickname represents more a goal that the university strives for and not its current state of being. Leaders encourage students and faculty to help fulfill the goal by following the teachings of their religion, adhering to the school's honor code, and serving others with the knowledge they gain while attending. Question: What phrase have some Latter-day Saints used in reference to BYU's mission as ambassador to the world for the LDS Church? Answer: "The Lord's university" Question: Who has expressed dissatisfaction with the nickname "The Lord's University" in the past? Answer: some students and faculty Question: What perception do some feel that the nickname "The Lord's University" gives about university officials? Answer: always divinely inspired and never to be contradicted Question: What do the leaders of BYU say "The Lord's University" represents instead of being in reference to its current state of being? Answer: more a goal Question: What is BUY considered to be by some? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the school to the world for the LSD Church? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why do some leaders of the school oppose the nickname? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do students encourage leaders of the school and faculty to help fulfill the goal? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The traditional Charleston accent has long been noted in the state and throughout the South. It is typically heard in wealthy white families who trace their families back generations in the city. It has ingliding or monophthongal long mid-vowels, raises ay and aw in certain environments, and is nonrhotic. Sylvester Primer of the College of Charleston wrote about aspects of the local dialect in his late 19th-century works: "Charleston Provincialisms" (1887) and "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms", published in a German journal. He believed the accent was based on the English as it was spoken by the earliest settlers, therefore derived from Elizabethan England and preserved with modifications by Charleston speakers. The rapidly disappearing "Charleston accent" is still noted in the local pronunciation of the city's name. Some elderly (and usually upper-class) Charleston natives ignore the 'r' and elongate the first vowel, pronouncing the name as "Chah-l-ston". Some observers attribute these unique features of Charleston's speech to its early settlement by French Huguenots and Sephardic Jews (who were primarily English speakers from London), both of whom played influential roles in Charleston's early development and history.[citation needed] Question: "Charleston's Provincialisms" was published in what year? Answer: 1887 Question: Who was the author of the work entitled, "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms"? Answer: Sylvester Primer Question: To which college did Sylvester Primer belong? Answer: College of Charleston Question: To which two early cultures are the unique characteristics of Charleston's accent attributed to? Answer: French Huguenots and Sephardic Jews Question: What type of journal were Primer's work on Charleston's accent published? Answer: German journal Question: "Charleston's Provincialisms" wasn't published in what year? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who wasn't the author of the work entitled, "The Huguenot Element in Charleston's Provincialisms"? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To which college didn't Sylvester Primer belong? Answer: Unanswerable Question: To which three early cultures are the unique characteristics of Charleston's accent attributed to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of journal were Primer's work on Charleston's accent unpublished? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hellenistic culture was at its height of world influence in the Hellenistic period. Hellenism or at least Philhellenism reached most regions on the frontiers of the Hellenistic kingdoms. Though some of these regions were not ruled by Greeks or even Greek speaking elites, certain Hellenistic influences can be seen in the historical record and material culture of these regions. Other regions had established contact with Greek colonies before this period, and simply saw a continued process of Hellenization and intermixing. Question: What period was Hellenistic culture at it's height? Answer: Hellenistic Question: Even though some regions were not ruled by Greeks, they still were influenced by which culture? Answer: Hellenistic Question: Hellenism or Philhellenism reached the frontiers of what kingdom? Answer: Hellenistic
Context: During the truce of 1206–1208, John focused on building up his financial and military resources in preparation for another attempt to recapture Normandy. John used some of this money to pay for new alliances on Philip's eastern frontiers, where the growth in Capetian power was beginning to concern France's neighbours. By 1212 John had successfully concluded alliances with his nephew Otto IV, a contender for the crown of Holy Roman Emperor in Germany, as well as with the counts Renaud of Boulogne and Ferdinand of Flanders. The invasion plans for 1212 were postponed because of fresh English baronial unrest about service in Poitou. Philip seized the initiative in 1213, sending his elder son, Louis, to invade Flanders with the intention of next launching an invasion of England. John was forced to postpone his own invasion plans to counter this threat. He launched his new fleet to attack the French at the harbour of Damme. The attack was a success, destroying Philip's vessels and any chances of an invasion of England that year. John hoped to exploit this advantage by invading himself late in 1213, but baronial discontent again delayed his invasion plans until early 1214, in what would prove to be his final Continental campaign. Question: What did John do during the truce of 1206-1208? Answer: focused on building up his financial and military resources Question: By 1212, John had successfully concluded alliances with who? Answer: Otto IV Question: John launched his new fleet to attach the French where? Answer: the harbour of Damme
Context: Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry could wear an emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge. It could not be awarded posthumously and was effectively replaced in 1974 with the Queen's Gallantry Medal. If recipients of the Order of the British Empire for Gallantry received promotion within the Order, whether for gallantry or otherwise, they continued to wear also the insignia of the lower grade with the oak leaves. However, they only used the post-nominal letters of the higher grade. Question: Who could wear a emblem of two crossed silver oak leaves? Answer: Any individual made a member of the Order for gallantry Question: What was the emblem? Answer: two crossed silver oak leaves on the same riband, ribbon or bow as the badge Question: What year was it replaced? Answer: 1974 Question: What kind of medal was replaced in 1974? Answer: Queen's Gallantry Medal Question: They continued to wear what the insignia of what? Answer: lower grade with the oak leaves
Context: With Yoritomo firmly established, the bakufu system that would govern Japan for the next seven centuries was in place. He appointed military governors, or daimyos, to rule over the provinces, and stewards, or jito to supervise public and private estates. Yoritomo then turned his attention to the elimination of the powerful Fujiwara family, which sheltered his rebellious brother Yoshitsune. Three years later, he was appointed shogun in Kyoto. One year before his death in 1199, Yoritomo expelled the teenage emperor Go-Toba from the throne. Two of Go-Toba's sons succeeded him, but they would also be removed by Yoritomo's successors to the shogunate. Question: What was the term used to describe military governors? Answer: daimyos Question: What was the term used to describe supervisors of estates? Answer: jito Question: What was the name of the emperor that Yoritomo removed from the throne? Answer: Go-Toba Question: What system did Yoritomo end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What areas did stewards rule over? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who supervised the imerial court? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who strengthened the Fujiwara family during their rule? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Yoshitsune remove from the throne? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Cork is home to one of Ireland's main national newspapers, the Irish Examiner (formerly the Cork Examiner). It also prints the Evening Echo, which for decades has been connected to the Echo Boys, who were poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper. Today, the shouts of the vendors selling the Echo can still be heard in various parts of the city centre. One of the biggest free newspapers in the city is the Cork Independent. The city's University publishes the UCC Express and Motley magazine. Question: WHich Irish newspaper has it's homebase in Cork, Ireland? Answer: the Irish Examiner Question: What was the Irish Examiner's previous identity? Answer: Cork Examiner Question: Who are the Echo Boys? Answer: poor and often homeless children who sold the newspaper Question: What newspaper did the Echo Boys sell? Answer: Evening Echo Question: What publications are put out by the UCC? Answer: UCC Express and Motley magazine Question: What did the Irish Examiner change its name to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who prints the Echo Boys? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What paper is still sold by poor and homeless boys? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is Corks only free newspaper? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the UCC Express formerly called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the Motley magazine print? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For how long has the Cork Independent been connected to the Echo Boys? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who are the UCC Express Boys? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the UCC Express Boys do? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet is Tubo (Chinese: 吐蕃 also written as 土蕃 or 土番; pinyin: Tǔbō or Tǔfān). This name first appears in Chinese characters as 土番 in the 7th century (Li Tai) and as 吐蕃 in the 10th-century (Old Book of Tang describing 608–609 emissaries from Tibetan King Namri Songtsen to Emperor Yang of Sui). In the Middle Chinese spoken during that period, as reconstructed by William H. Baxter, 土番 was pronounced thux-phjon and 吐蕃 was pronounced thux-pjon (with the x representing tone). Question: What is the best-known medieval Chinese name for Tibet? Answer: Tubo Question: When did the name for Tibet, Tubo, first appear in Chinese characters? Answer: 7th century Question: Who reconstructed Middle Chinese spoken from the 7th century to the 10th century? Answer: William H. Baxter Question: What is the best known Chinese name for Tubo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What book describes the 680-690 emissaries from Namri Songsten? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who else in addition to Emperor Yang Songsten does the Old Book of Tang describe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Baxter H. William reconstruct? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: French cooperation was deemed necessary to the campaign, and Eisenhower encountered a "preposterous situation" with the multiple rival factions in France. His primary objective was to move forces successfully into Tunisia, and intending to facilitate that objective, he gave his support to François Darlan as High Commissioner in North Africa, despite Darlan's previous high offices of state in Vichy France and his continued role as commander-in-chief of the French armed forces. The Allied leaders were "thunderstruck" by this from a political standpoint, though none of them had offered Eisenhower guidance with the problem in the course of planning the operation. Eisenhower was severely criticized for the move. Darlan was assassinated on December 24 by Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle. Eisenhower did not take action to prevent the arrest and extrajudicial execution of Bonnier de La Chapelle by associates of Darlan acting without authority from either Vichy or the Allies, considering it a criminal rather than a military matter. Eisenhower later appointed General Henri Giraud as High Commissioner, who had been installed by the Allies as Darlan's commander-in-chief, and who had refused to postpone the execution. Question: What geographic area was the primary objective of Eisenhower? Answer: Tunisia Question: Who initially served as High Commissioner of North Africa? Answer: François Darlan Question: Who killed François Darlan? Answer: Fernand Bonnier de La Chapelle Question: Who served as High Commissioner of North Africa after Darlan's death? Answer: Henri Giraud Question: On what day did Darlan die? Answer: December 24
Context: Seattle annually sends a team of spoken word slammers to the National Poetry Slam and considers itself home to such performance poets as Buddy Wakefield, two-time Individual World Poetry Slam Champ; Anis Mojgani, two-time National Poetry Slam Champ; and Danny Sherrard, 2007 National Poetry Slam Champ and 2008 Individual World Poetry Slam Champ. Seattle also hosted the 2001 national Poetry Slam Tournament. The Seattle Poetry Festival is a biennial poetry festival that (launched first as the Poetry Circus in 1997) has featured local, regional, national, and international names in poetry. Question: When did Seattle host the national Poetry Slam Tournament? Answer: 2001 Question: How often is the Seattle Poetry festival held? Answer: biennial Question: How often does Seattle send to the National Poetry Slam? Answer: annually Question: To what style of poet does Seattle consider itself home? Answer: performance poets Question: What poetry festival was first held in 1997? Answer: Poetry Circus
Context: Objections to banning the use of incandescent light bulbs include the higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps. Some people have concerns about the health effects of fluorescent lamps. However, even though they contain mercury, the environmental performance of CFLs is much better than that of light bulbs, mostly because they consume much less energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production. LED lamps are even more efficient, and are free of mercury. They are regarded as the best solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness. Question: Is the environmental performance of CFLs better or worse than that of incandescents? Answer: better Question: Which type of light bulbs is considered most cost effective and robust? Answer: LED lamps Question: What are some objections to banning incandescent bulbs? Answer: higher initial cost of alternatives and lower quality of light of fluorescent lamps Question: What substance in CFL bulbs raises health concerns? Answer: mercury Question: Do CFLs consume more, less, or the same amount of energy as incandescent bulbs? Answer: much less Question: What does not contain mercury? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of light consumes much more energy and therefore strongly reduce the environmental impact of power production? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does CFLS's have that cause people health concerns? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is regarded as the worst solution in terms of cost effectiveness and robustness? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals. Question: What are Jehovah Witnesses allowed to accept at their discretion? Answer: blood plasma fractions Question: What pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents are provided by the Watch Tower Society to prohibit? Answer: major blood components Question: What can Jehovah's Witnesses' members specify on the canned legal forms from the WTS? Answer: allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept Question: What cooperative arrangement did Jehovah's Witnesses establish? Answer: Hospital Liaison Committees Question: The Hospital Liaison Committees serve to bridge between hospitals, medical professionals and who? Answer: individual Jehovah's Witnesses Question: What is one of the Protestant religions who are fine with blood transfusions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who decides what the limit is for allowable fractions of blood plasma fractions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the career paths many Jehovah's Witnesses choose to take? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who do most Witnesses get guidance from in regards to how much blood plasma fractions they are willing to accept? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: President Richard Nixon declared current species conservation efforts to be inadequate and called on the 93rd United States Congress to pass comprehensive endangered species legislation. Congress responded with a completely rewritten law, the Endangered Species Act of 1973 which was signed by Nixon on December 28, 1973 (Pub.L. 93–205). It was written by a team of lawyers and scientists, including the first appointed head of the Council on Environmental Quality (CEQ),an outgrowth of NEPA (The "National Environmental Policy Act of 1969") Dr. Russell E. Train. Dr. Train was assisted by a core group of staffers, including Dr. Earl Baysinger at EPA (currently Assistant Chief, Office of Endangered Species and International. Activities), Dick Gutting (U.S. Commerce Dept. lawyer, currently joined NOAA the previous year (1972), and Dr. Gerard A. "Jerry" Bertrand, a marine biologist (Ph.D, Oregon State University) by training, who had transferred from his post as the Scientific Adviser to the U.S Army Corps of Engineers, office of the Commandant of the Corp. to join the newly formed White House office. The staff, under Dr. Train's leadership, incorporated dozens of new principles and ideas into the landmark legislation; crafting a document that completely changed the direction of environmental conservation in the United States. Dr. Bertrand is credited with writing the most challenged section of the Act, the "takings" clause - Section 2. Question: Who led the team of lawyers and scientists who crafted the Endangered Species Act of 1973? Answer: Dr. Russell E. Train Question: The team leader was the first appointed head of what organization? Answer: the Council on Environmental Quality Question: Who wrote the most challenged section of the Act? Answer: Dr. Gerard A. "Jerry" Bertrand Question: Who was the core staffer to the legislation that worked for the EPA and continued to work in the Office of Endangered Species? Answer: Dr. Earl Baysinger Question: What Congress called for the drafting of the Endangered Species Act of 1973? Answer: the 93rd United States Congress Question: What did the 93rd Congress declare inadequate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the 93rd US President? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What law did Nixon rewrite? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What section of the act did Dr. Train write? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What grew out of CEQ? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: When aspirated consonants are doubled or geminated, the stop is held longer and then has an aspirated release. An aspirated affricate consists of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release. A doubled aspirated affricate has a longer hold in the stop portion and then has a release consisting of the fricative and aspiration. Question: What happens when an aspirated consonant is doubled or geminated? Answer: the stop is held longer and then has an aspirated release. Question: What is comprised of a stop, fricative, and aspirated release? Answer: An aspirated affricate Question: What happens when aspirated consonants are tripled or germinated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What has a release of the fricative and unaspiration? Answer: Unanswerable Question: An unaspirated consonant consists of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What consists of a stop, fricative, and unaspirated release? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A tripled aspirated affricate has a longer what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In general, a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent (such as a virus, bacterium, antimicrobial, or disinfectant) that deters, incapacitates, kills, or otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can include insects, plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes (roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors. Although pesticides have benefits, some also have drawbacks, such as potential toxicity to humans and other species. According to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 9 of the 12 most dangerous and persistent organic chemicals are organochlorine pesticides. Question: What are three pests pesticides target? Answer: plant pathogens, weeds, mollusks Question: Are pesticides chemical or biological agents? Answer: a pesticide is a chemical or biological agent Question: What are possible cons of pesticides? Answer: potential toxicity to humans and other species Question: What are pesticides meant to prevent? Answer: destroy property, cause nuisance, or spread disease, or are disease vectors Question: How many microbes exist that are dangerous to humans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do nematodes do when they infect a host? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the danger of people eating some mollusks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many types of poisonous mollusks are there in the wild? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does being immunized against a virus help prevent? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: English Dominican mysticism in the late medieval period differed from European strands of it in that, whereas European Dominican mysticism tended to concentrate on ecstatic experiences of union with the divine, English Dominican mysticism's ultimate focus was on a crucial dynamic in one's personal relationship with God. This was an essential moral imitation of the Savior as an ideal for religious change, and as the means for reformation of humanity's nature as an image of divinity. This type of mysticism carried with it four elements. First, spiritually it emulated the moral essence of Christ's life. Second, there was a connection linking moral emulation of Christ's life and humanity's disposition as images of the divine. Third, English Dominican mysticism focused on an embodied spirituality with a structured love of fellow men at its center. Finally, the supreme aspiration of this mysticism was either an ethical or an actual union with God. Question: What did European mysticism concentrate on that English mysticism didn't? Answer: ecstatic experiences of union with the divine Question: English mysticism was composed of how many elements? Answer: four Question: What is one element of English Dominican mysticism? Answer: it emulated the moral essence of Christ's life Question: What was the focus of English Dominican mysticism? Answer: one's personal relationship with God Question: What did European mysticism and English mysticism both concentrate on? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not a focus for English Dominican mysticism? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which mysticism was composed of 5 elements? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not an image of divinity? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was not ethical or an actual union of God? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Gospel of John and particularly the first chapter demonstrates the Divinity of Jesus. This Gospel in itself is the greatest support of Athanasius's stand. The Gospel of John's first chapter began to be said at the end of Mass, we believe as a result of Athanasius, and his life's stand, but quietly. The Last Gospel of The Mass, The Eucharist, St John[1:1–14], together with the prayer; "Placeat tibi", the Blessing, are all private devotions that have been gradually absorbed by the liturgical service. The beginning of John's Gospel was much used as an object of special devotion throughout the Middle Ages. Nevertheless, the practice of saying it at the altar grew; eventually Pius V made this practice universal for the Roman Rite in his edition of the Missal (1570). It became a firm custom with exceptions in using an other Gospel in use from 1920. So the Missals showed different last Gospel for certain Feast days. A Prayer Card for the St John's Gospel. Also: Question: Which of the Gospels most agrees with Athanasius? Answer: Gospel of John Question: What does this Gospel show that Athanasius also believed? Answer: the Divinity of Jesus Question: Why is the Gospel of John said at the end of Catholic Mass? Answer: a result of Athanasius Question: Where was this Gospel said? Answer: at the altar Question: When are different Gospels said? Answer: certain Feast days Question: Which of the Gospels most disagrees with Athanasius? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does this Gospel show that Athanasius also didn't believe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why is the Gospel of John said at the end of Christian Mass? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was this Gospel never said? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The 5th Avenue Theatre, built in 1926, stages Broadway-style musical shows featuring both local talent and international stars. Seattle has "around 100" theatrical production companies and over two dozen live theatre venues, many of them associated with fringe theatre; Seattle is probably second only to New York for number of equity theaters (28 Seattle theater companies have some sort of Actors' Equity contract). In addition, the 900-seat Romanesque Revival Town Hall on First Hill hosts numerous cultural events, especially lectures and recitals. Question: How many theater companies does Seattle have in residence? Answer: around 100 Question: What Seattle theater was built in 1926? Answer: 5th Avenue Theatre Question: To what type of theater are the two dozen live venues in Seattle associated? Answer: fringe theatre Question: To what type of theater is Seattle second to New York? Answer: equity theaters Question: How many equity theaters does Seattle have? Answer: 28
Context: In 1997, OMB issued a Federal Register notice regarding revisions to the standards for the classification of federal data on race and ethnicity. OMB developed race and ethnic standards in order to provide "consistent data on race and ethnicity throughout the Federal Government. The development of the data standards stem in large measure from new responsibilities to enforce civil rights laws." Among the changes, OMB issued the instruction to "mark one or more races" after noting evidence of increasing numbers of interracial children and wanting to capture the diversity in a measurable way and having received requests by people who wanted to be able to acknowledge their or their children's full ancestry rather than identifying with only one group. Prior to this decision, the Census and other government data collections asked people to report only one race. Question: Who decided on the standards for the classification of race and ethnicity and federal data? Answer: OMB Question: In what year did OMB revise the standards for race and ethnicity classifications? Answer: 1997 Question: What did OMB hope to provide with their revision on race and ethnicity in 1997? Answer: consistent data Question: How many races were people asked to mark on the US Census after OMB revised their standards in 1997? Answer: one or more Question: How many races were people asked to report in the US census prior to 1997? Answer: one
Context: Elsewhere in the Americas, in the Caribbean in particular, Baptist missionaries took an active role in the anti-slavery movement. In Jamaica, for example, William Knibb, a prominent British Baptist missionary, worked toward the emancipation of slaves in the British West Indies (which took place in 1838). Knibb also protagonised the creation of "Free Villages"; rural communities centred around a Baptist church where emancipated slaves could farm their own land. Baptists were likewise active in promoting the education of former slaves; for example, Jamaica's Calabar High School, named after the slave port of Calabar, was formed by Baptist missionaries. At the same time, during and after slavery, slaves and free formed their own Spiritual Baptist movements - breakaway spiritual movements which often expressed resistance to oppression. Question: Where did Baptist missionaries take an active role in the anti-slavery movement? Answer: the Caribbean Question: Who was a prominent British Baptist missionary in Jamaica? Answer: William Knibb Question: Where did William Knibb work toward the emancipation of slaves? Answer: the British West Indies Question: Knibb also protagonised the creation of what? Answer: Free Villages Question: What was named after the slave port of Calabar? Answer: Jamaica's Calabar High School Question: Where did Baptist missionaries not take a role in the anti-slavery movement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was a prominent British Baptist missionary in America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the slave port of Calabar named after? Answer: Unanswerable Question: William Knibb protagonised the destruction of what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The jat-reflex rules are not without exception. For example, when short jat is preceded by r, in most Ijekavian dialects developed into /re/ or, occasionally, /ri/. The prefix prě- ("trans-, over-") when long became pre- in eastern Ijekavian dialects but to prije- in western dialects; in Ikavian pronunciation, it also evolved into pre- or prije- due to potential ambiguity with pri- ("approach, come close to"). For verbs that had -ěti in their infinitive, the past participle ending -ěl evolved into -io in Ijekavian Neoštokavian. Question: To what did the ending -ei evolve into in Ijekavian Neostokavian? Answer: -io Question: What is the western equivalent of the prefix "pre"? Answer: prije Question: Why did pre or prije develop rather than the symboled "pre"? Answer: due to potential ambiguity with pri Question: What is the meaning of "pri"? Answer: approach, come close to Question: What did the short jat preceeded by r develop into in western dialects? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the past participle rules not without? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In western Neostokavian dialects what did the pre prefix become when its long? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In Ikavian pronunications what did ri evolve into? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did re or ri develop instead of pre? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jefferson's concept of "separation of church and state" first became a part of Establishment Clause jurisprudence in Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 (1878). In that case, the court examined the history of religious liberty in the US, determining that while the constitution guarantees religious freedom, "The word 'religion' is not defined in the Constitution. We must go elsewhere, therefore, to ascertain its meaning, and nowhere more appropriately, we think, than to the history of the times in the midst of which the provision was adopted." The court found that the leaders in advocating and formulating the constitutional guarantee of religious liberty were James Madison and Thomas Jefferson. Quoting the "separation" paragraph from Jefferson's letter to the Danbury Baptists, the court concluded that, "coming as this does from an acknowledged leader of the advocates of the measure, it may be accepted almost as an authoritative declaration of the scope and effect of the amendment thus secured." Question: What did Jefferson's concept of 'separation of church and state" became part of what jurisprudence? Answer: Establishment Clause Question: What case was Jefferson's concept apropos to? Answer: Reynolds v. U.S., 98 U.S. 145 Question: What does the constitution guarantee when it comes to religion? Answer: freedom Question: What word is not defined in the Constitution? Answer: religion Question: Who had Jefferson's letter been sent to? Answer: the Danbury Baptists Question: Jefferson's concept of 'separation of church and state" didn't become part of what jurisprudence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What case wasn't Jefferson's concept apropos to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What doesn't the constitution guarantee when it comes to religion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What word is defined in the Constitution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who hadn't Jefferson's letter been sent to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Political and religious animosity against Jehovah's Witnesses has at times led to mob action and government oppression in various countries. Their doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military has led to imprisonment of members who refused conscription during World War II and at other times where national service has been compulsory. In 1933, there were approximately 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany, of whom about 10,000 were later imprisoned. Of those, 2000 were sent to Nazi concentration camps, where they were identified by purple triangles; as many as 1200 died, including 250 who were executed. In Canada, Jehovah's Witnesses were interned in camps along with political dissidents and people of Chinese and Japanese descent. In the former Soviet Union, about 9,300 Jehovah's Witnesses were deported to Siberia as part of Operation North in April 1951. Their religious activities are currently banned or restricted in some countries, including China, Vietnam and some Islamic states. Question: What has at times led to immense violence against Jehovah's Witnesses? Answer: Political and religious animosity Question: Why have Jehovah's Witnesses sometimes been imprisoned? Answer: doctrine of political neutrality and their refusal to serve in the military Question: Of the 20,000 Jehovah's Witnesses in Germany in 1933, how many were later imprisoned? Answer: 10,000 Question: What were Jehovah's Witnesses identified by in Nazi concentration camps? Answer: purple triangles Question: What countries ban the religious activities of Jehovah's Witnesses? Answer: China, Vietnam and some Islamic states Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses were there in Canada at the start of World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses were there in the Soviet Union at the start of World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses died in the Soviet Union during World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses escaped Germany during World War II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Jehovah's Witnesses are there thought to be in China today? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Jehovah's Witnesses believe that Jesus is God's only direct creation, that everything else was created by means of Christ, and that the initial unassisted act of creation uniquely identifies Jesus as God's "only-begotten Son". Jesus served as a redeemer and a ransom sacrifice to pay for the sins of humanity. They believe Jesus died on a single upright post rather than the traditional cross. They believe that references in the Bible to the Archangel Michael, Abaddon (Apollyon), and the Word all refer to Jesus. Jesus is considered to be the only intercessor and high priest between God and humanity, and appointed by God as the king and judge of his kingdom. His role as a mediator (referred to in 1 Timothy 2:5) is applied to the 'anointed' class, though the 'other sheep' are said to also benefit from the arrangement. Question: Who do Jehovah Witnesses believe is God's only direct creation? Answer: Jesus Question: What was Jesus a ransom sacrifice to pay for? Answer: the sins of humanity Question: What do Jehovah Witnesses believe Jesus died on rather than a traditional cross? Answer: a single upright post Question: Jesus is considered to be the only what between God and humanity? Answer: intercessor and high priest Question: What biblical passage outlines Jesus' role as a mediator? Answer: 1 Timothy 2:5 Question: What Christian religion believes Jesus died on a cross? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do Catholics think God created? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who do Catholics think Archangel Michael is? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which religion believes people are free of original sin? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who do Catholics think Abaddon is? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The radish is also a typical food representing people of Nanjing, which has been spread through word of mouth as an interesting fact for many years in China. According to Nanjing.GOV.cn, "There is a long history of growing radish in Nanjing especially the southern suburb. In the spring, the radish tastes very juicy and sweet. It is well-known that people in Nanjing like eating radish. And the people are even addressed as 'Nanjing big radish', which means they are unsophisticated, passionate and conservative. From health perspective, eating radish can help to offset the stodgy food that people take during the Spring Festival". Question: What is considered to be a typical food for a Nanjing resident? Answer: radish Question: Which area has the longest history of growing radish? Answer: the southern suburb Question: What does the radish taste like in the spring? Answer: very juicy and sweet Question: What are Nanjing people called by others? Answer: 'Nanjing big radish' Question: What does calling someone 'Nanjing big radish' mean they are like? Answer: they are unsophisticated, passionate and conservative
Context: On 14 October, the heaviest night attack to date saw 380 German bombers from Luftflotte 3 hit London. Around 200 people were killed and another 2,000 injured. British anti-aircraft defences (General Frederick Alfred Pile) fired 8,326 rounds and shot down only two bombers. On 15 October, the bombers returned and about 900 fires were started by the mix of 415 short tons (376 t) of high explosive and 11 short tons (10.0 t) of incendiaries dropped. Five main rail lines were cut in London and rolling stock damaged. Question: On October 14 how many German bombers attacked? Answer: 380 Question: How many people were killed? Answer: Around 200 Question: Who fired anti-defense rounds? Answer: General Frederick Alfred Pile Question: How many rounds of anti-defense were fired? Answer: 8,326 rounds Question: How many German bombers were shot down? Answer: two
Context: After the decline of the Teutonic Order following its defeat in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410, and the defeat of the Livonian Order in the Battle of Swienta on 1 September 1435, the Livonian Confederation Agreement was signed on 4 December 1435. The Livonian Confederation ceased to exist during the Livonian War (1558–82). The wars had reduced the Estonian population from about 250–300,000 people before the Livonian War to 120–140,000 in the 1620s. The Grand Duchy of Moscow and Tsardom of Russia also attempted invasions in 1481 and 1558, both of which were unsuccessful . Question: When did the Battle of Grunwald take place? Answer: 1410 Question: What event preceded the decline of the Teutonic Order? Answer: the Battle of Grunwald Question: Who did the Estonians defeat in the Battle of Swienta? Answer: the Livonian Order Question: What is date of the Battle of Swienta? Answer: 1 September 1435 Question: When was the Livonian Confederation Agreement signed? Answer: 4 December 1435
Context: In 1934 the Zagreb Provincial Committee sent Tito to Vienna where all the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia had sought refuge. He was appointed to the Committee and started to appoint allies to him, among them Edvard Kardelj, Milovan Đilas, Aleksandar Ranković and Boris Kidrič. In 1935, Tito travelled to the Soviet Union, working for a year in the Balkans section of Comintern. He was a member of the Soviet Communist Party and the Soviet secret police (NKVD). Tito was also involved in recruiting for the Dimitrov Battalion, a group of volunteers serving in the Spanish Civil War. In 1936, the Comintern sent "Comrade Walter" (i.e. Tito) back to Yugoslavia to purge the Communist Party there. In 1937, Stalin had the Secretary-General of the CPY, Milan Gorkić, murdered in Moscow. Subsequently Tito was appointed Secretary-General of the still-outlawed CPY. Question: When was Tito sent to Vienna? Answer: 1934 Question: Who did Stalin have murdered in 1937? Answer: Milan Gorkić Question: Where was the Secretary-General of the CPY murdered? Answer: Moscow Question: Who became Secretary-General of the CPY after the prior one was murdered? Answer: Tito Question: Who is known as "Comrade Walter"? Answer: Tito
Context: For customers with more demanding requirements (such as medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs) can use higher-speed DSL (such as single-pair high-speed digital subscriber line), Ethernet, metropolitan Ethernet, gigabit Ethernet, Frame Relay, ISDN Primary Rate Interface, ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) and synchronous optical networking (SONET). Question: What type of customers would typically have more demanding requirements? Answer: medium-to-large businesses, or other ISPs Question: what does atm stand for in relation to internet providers? Answer: Asynchronous Transfer Mode Question: what is high-speed dsl used for? Answer: customers with more demanding requirements Question: what is SONET? Answer: synchronous optical networking Question: What is available to customers with less demanding requirements? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What's the abbreviation for synchronous transfer mode Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the abbreviations for asynchronous optical networking Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Estimates for the percentage of the population that are bisexual vary widely, at least in part due to differing definitions of bisexuality. Some studies only consider a person bisexual if they are nearly equally attracted to both sexes, and others consider a person bisexual if they are at all attracted to the same sex (for otherwise mostly heterosexual persons) or to the opposite sex (for otherwise mostly homosexual persons). A small percentage of people are not sexually attracted to anyone (asexuality). A study in 2004 placed the prevalence of asexuality at 1%. Question: What is part of the reason for the varying estimates of the bisexual population? Answer: due to differing definitions of bisexuality. Question: What is one way a study can view bisexuality? Answer: if they are nearly equally attracted to both sexes, Question: What is another way studies can view bisexuality? Answer: they are at all attracted to the same sex (for otherwise mostly heterosexual persons) or to the opposite sex (for otherwise mostly homosexual persons) Question: What is the percentage of asexuals? Answer: 1%.
Context: In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Gaddafi's Free Officers recognized this as their chance to overthrow the monarchy, initiating "Operation Jerusalem". On 1 September, they occupied airports, police depots, radio stations and government offices in Tripoli and Benghazi. Gaddafi took control of the Berka barracks in Benghazi, while Omar Meheisha occupied Tripoli barracks and Jalloud seized the city's anti-aircraft batteries. Khweldi Hameidi was sent to arrest crown prince Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi, and force him to relinquish his claim to the throne. They met no serious resistance, and wielded little violence against the monarchists. Question: When Gaddafi staged his coup, did he need to use a great show of violence? Answer: They met no serious resistance, and wielded little violence against the monarchists. Question: When did Gaddafi decide to stage his coup? Answer: In mid-1969, Idris travelled abroad to spend the summer in Turkey and Greece. Question: What was Gaddafi's coup called? Answer: Operation Jerusalem Question: What did Gaddafi seize during the coup? Answer: Gaddafi took control of the Berka barracks in Benghazi, Question: What did Hameidi do during the coup? Answer: Hameidi was sent to arrest crown prince Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi, and force him to relinquish his claim to the throne. Question: What countries did Idris visit in the summer of 1969? Answer: Turkey and Greece Question: What was the code name for Gaddafi's coup against the monarchy? Answer: Operation Jerusalem Question: What leader's forces occupied the barracks in Tripoli? Answer: Omar Meheisha Question: Who arrested Sayyid Hasan ar-Rida al-Mahdi as-Sanussi? Answer: Khweldi Hameidi Question: What revolutionary leader took control of the anti-aircraft equipment in Tripoli? Answer: Jalloud
Context: During Reconstruction, freedmen and former free people of color were granted the right to vote; most joined the Republican Party. Numerous African Americans were elected to local offices, and some to state office. Following Reconstruction, Tennessee continued to have competitive party politics. But in the 1880s, the white-dominated state government passed four laws, the last of which imposed a poll tax requirement for voter registration. These served to disenfranchise most African Americans, and their power in the Republican Party, the state, and cities where they had significant population was markedly reduced. In 1900 African Americans comprised 23.8 percent of the state's population, concentrated in Middle and West Tennessee. In the early 1900s, the state legislature approved a form of commission government for cities based on at-large voting for a few positions on a Board of Commission; several adopted this as another means to limit African-American political participation. In 1913 the state legislature enacted a bill enabling cities to adopt this structure without legislative approval. Question: Which party did most former slaves join when they were given the right to vote after the Civil War? Answer: Republican Question: In which decade did the Tennessee legislature institute a poll tax? Answer: 1880s Question: Which party declined in Tennessee politics following voting reform legislation during Reconstruction? Answer: Republican Question: What percentage of the Tennessee population was African-American in 1900? Answer: 23.8 Question: In 1913, the Tennessee state legislature made which organizational structure the default form of city government in the state? Answer: Board of Commission
Context: China is the country with the largest population of Buddhists, approximately 244 million or 18.2% of its total population.[web 1] They are mostly followers of Chinese schools of Mahayana, making this the largest body of Buddhist traditions. Mahayana, also practiced in broader East Asia, is followed by over half of world Buddhists.[web 1] Question: What country has the largest population of Buddhists? Answer: China Question: How many Buddhists are in China? Answer: 244 million
Context: Grazing organisms may also kill their prey species, but this is seldom the case. While some herbivores like zooplankton live on unicellular phytoplankton and therefore, by the individualized nature of the organism, kill their prey, many only eat a small part of the plant. Grazing livestock may pull some grass out at the roots, but most is simply grazed upon, allowing the plant to regrow once again. Kelp is frequently grazed in subtidal kelp forests, but regrows at the base of the blade continuously to cope with browsing pressure. Animals may also be 'grazed' upon; female mosquitos land on hosts briefly to gain sufficient proteins for the development of their offspring. Starfish may be grazed on, being capable of regenerating lost arms. Question: Animals that consume parts of their prey are considered to be Answer: Grazing organisms Question: Prey that can regrow leaves or arms have learned to deal with what? Answer: browsing pressure Question: Give an example of an animal that feeds off of other animals for reproduction? Answer: mosquitos Question: Give an example of a predator that specializes in eating autotrophic species Answer: zooplankton Question: What is an organism that grazes upon other animals? Answer: female mosquitos Question: What is an organism that can regrow lost arms? Answer: Starfish Question: Do grazing organisms often kill their prey? Answer: seldom Question: How do grass and kelp deal with being grazed upon? Answer: regrows at the base Question: What organism can kill their prey by biting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does zooplankton gain for its offspring by attaching to a host? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does zooplankton need to get enough protein to help the development of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much of a starfish does phytoplnakton eat when it attaches to it? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does zooplankton have to cope with when eaten by starfish? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Burke's religious writing comprises published works and commentary on the subject of religion. Burke's religious thought was grounded in the belief that religion is the foundation of civil society. He sharply criticised deism and atheism, and emphasised Christianity as a vehicle of social progress. Born in Ireland to a Catholic mother and a Protestant father, Burke vigorously defended the Anglican Church, but also demonstrated sensitivity to Catholic concerns. He linked the conservation of a state (established) religion with the preservation of citizens' constitutional liberties and highlighted Christianity's benefit not only to the believer's soul, but also to political arrangements. Question: Which church did Burke most defend? Answer: Anglican Question: What did Burke think was the foundation of society? Answer: religion Question: What religion was Burke's mother? Answer: Catholic Question: What religion was Burke's father? Answer: Protestant Question: Burke thought religion was beneficial to what besides souls? Answer: political arrangements Question: What did Burke believe was the foundation of religion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which of Burke's parents was an athiest? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which of Burke's parents was a deist? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Burke believe made political arrangements difficult? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Burke failed to show concern for what sect of Christianity? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Although the atomic structure of glass shares characteristics of the structure in a supercooled liquid, glass tends to behave as a solid below its glass transition temperature. A supercooled liquid behaves as a liquid, but it is below the freezing point of the material, and in some cases will crystallize almost instantly if a crystal is added as a core. The change in heat capacity at a glass transition and a melting transition of comparable materials are typically of the same order of magnitude, indicating that the change in active degrees of freedom is comparable as well. Both in a glass and in a crystal it is mostly only the vibrational degrees of freedom that remain active, whereas rotational and translational motion is arrested. This helps to explain why both crystalline and non-crystalline solids exhibit rigidity on most experimental time scales. Question: Atomically, glass is similar to what? Answer: a supercooled liquid Question: What acts like a liquid but is under the freezing temperature? Answer: A supercooled liquid Question: Despite its atomic structure, cooled glass acts like what? Answer: a solid Question: In cooled glass, what types of movement stop? Answer: rotational and translational Question: Atomically, crystal is similar to what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What acts like a liquid but is under the experimental scales? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Despite its atomic structure, crystals act like what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In traditional motion, what types of movement stop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What behaves as a solid? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Spanish colonization commenced on June 15, 1668 with the arrival of Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod, who established the first Catholic church.:64 The islands were part of the Spanish East Indies governed from the Philippines, which were in turn part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain based in Mexico City. Other reminders of colonial times include the old Governor's Palace in Plaza de España and the Spanish Bridge, both in Hagatña. Guam's Cathedral Dulce Nombre de Maria was formally opened on February 2, 1669, as was the Royal College of San Juan de Letran.:68 Guam, along with the rest of the Mariana and Caroline Islands, were treated as part of Spain's colony in the Philippines. While Guam's Chamorro culture has indigenous roots, the cultures of both Guam and the Northern Marianas have many similarities with Spanish and Mexican culture due to three centuries of Spanish rule. Question: When did Spanish colonization commence? Answer: June 15, 1668 Question: Which two Spaniards aided this colonization and started the first catholic church? Answer: Diego Luis de San Vitores and Pedro Calungsod Question: When did Guam's Cathedral first open? Answer: February 2, 1669 Question: What was the name of the first Cathedral? Answer: Dulce Nombre de Maria Question: In what year did Spain colonize Mexico City? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Pedro Calungsod's Catholic church named? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date did Spain colonize the Philippines? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date was the Governor's Palace in Plaza de Espana completed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who had the Royal College of San Juan de Letran built? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: While pursuing his PhD at Princeton, Feynman married his high school sweetheart, Arline Greenbaum (often misspelled "Arlene"), despite the knowledge that she was seriously ill with tuberculosis—an incurable disease at the time. She died in 1945. In 1946, Feynman wrote a letter to her, expressing his deep love and heartbreak, that he kept for the rest of his life. ("Please excuse my not mailing this," the letter concluded, "but I don't know your new address.") This portion of Feynman's life was portrayed in the 1996 film Infinity, which featured Feynman's daughter, Michelle, in a cameo role. Question: Who was Feynman's wife? Answer: Arline Greenbaum Question: Which disease did Arline succumb to? Answer: tuberculosis Question: In which year did his wife die? Answer: 1945 Question: Who played a cameo in a film about Feynman? Answer: Feynman's daughter, Michelle Question: What was the name of the film that showed Feynman's life? Answer: Infinity Question: Who was Feynman's ex-wife? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which disease did Arline overcome? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Feynman's wife come back to life? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who lost their role for a cameo in a film about Feynman? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the TV show that showed Feynman's life? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Evidence of wheeled vehicles appeared in the mid 4th millennium BC, near-simultaneously in Mesopotamia, the Northern Caucasus (Maykop culture) and Central Europe. The wheel initially took the form of the potter's wheel. The new concept quickly led to wheeled vehicles and mill wheels. The Sumerians' cuneiform writing system is the oldest (or second oldest after the Egyptian hieroglyphs) which has been deciphered (the status of even older inscriptions such as the Jiahu symbols and Tartaria tablets is controversial). The Sumerians were among the first astronomers, mapping the stars into sets of constellations, many of which survived in the zodiac and were also recognized by the ancient Greeks. They were also aware of the five planets that are easily visible to the naked eye. Question: When did evidence of wheeled vehicles appear throughout the world? Answer: mid 4th millennium BC Question: What form did wheels initially take? Answer: potter's wheel Question: The writing system of the Sumerian's is the second oldest to have what done to it? Answer: been deciphered Question: What did the Sumerians map stars into? Answer: sets of constellations Question: How many planets were the Sumerians aware of? Answer: five Question: What type of vehicle was invented in 400 BC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What writing system predates heiroglphs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What science was developed by Greeks? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many planets did the Sumerians discover? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Visual arts by indigenous peoples of the Americas comprise a major category in the world art collection. Contributions include pottery, paintings, jewellery, weavings, sculptures, basketry, carvings, and beadwork. Because too many artists were posing as Native Americans and Alaska Natives in order to profit from the caché of Indigenous art in the United States, the U.S. passed the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990, requiring artists to prove that they are enrolled in a state or federally recognized tribe. To support the ongoing practice of American Indian, Alaska Native and Native Hawaiian arts and cultures in the United States, the Ford Foundation, arts advocates and American Indian tribes created an endowment seed fund and established a national Native Arts and Cultures Foundation in 2007. Question: What comprises a major category in the world art collection? Answer: Visual arts by indigenous peoples Question: Pottery, weavings and carvings are just some of the contributions to art by which peoples? Answer: indigenous Question: Why did the U.S. pass the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990? Answer: too many artists were posing as Native Americans Question: What does the Indian Arts and Crafts Act of 1990 require artists to prove they're enrolled in? Answer: a state or federally recognized tribe Question: When was a national Native Arts and Cultures Foundation established? Answer: 2007

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