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Context: The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown, who sailed his ship La Dauphine into New York Harbor. He claimed the area for France and named it "Nouvelle Angoulême" (New Angoulême). Question: In what year did the first European arrive in the New York area? Answer: 1524 Question: What was the name of the first European who arrived in the New York area? Answer: Giovanni da Verrazzano Question: What was the name of Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship? Answer: La Dauphine Question: What nation did Giovanni da Verrazzano serve? Answer: France Question: What did Giovanni da Verrazzano call the area when he staked claim on it? Answer: Nouvelle Angoulême Question: When was the first European to visit the area of NYC? Answer: 1524 Question: Giovanni da Verrazzano's ship that sailed to New York was named what? Answer: La Dauphine Question: Giovani da Verrazzano was an explorer from which country? Answer: France
Context: The Armenians collective has, at times, constituted a Christian "island" in a mostly Muslim region. There is, however, a minority of ethnic Armenian Muslims, known as Hamshenis but many Armenians view them as a separate race, while the history of the Jews in Armenia dates back 2,000 years. The Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia had close ties to European Crusader States. Later on, the deteriorating situation in the region led the bishops of Armenia to elect a Catholicos in Etchmiadzin, the original seat of the Catholicosate. In 1441, a new Catholicos was elected in Etchmiadzin in the person of Kirakos Virapetsi, while Krikor Moussapegiants preserved his title as Catholicos of Cilicia. Therefore, since 1441, there have been two Catholicosates in the Armenian Church with equal rights and privileges, and with their respective jurisdictions. The primacy of honor of the Catholicosate of Etchmiadzin has always been recognized by the Catholicosate of Cilicia. Question: What religion is dominant in the countries surrounding Armenia? Answer: Muslim Question: What are Hamshenis? Answer: ethnic Armenian Muslims Question: Who became Catholicos in Etchmiadzin in 1441? Answer: Kirakos Virapetsi Question: Who remained Catholicos of Cilicia? Answer: Krikor Moussapegiants Question: How do the two Catholicosates compare? Answer: equal rights and privileges Question: What did the Armenian Muslims have close ties to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other religion has been surrounded by a Christian majority? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do Muslims in Armenia view Hamshenis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long have Christians been involved in Eurpean Crusader States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Since the existence of Eurppean Crusaider States, what has there been in the Hamshenis Church? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Following a tentative agreement on by December 1, on December 3, 2009, the parties announced that Comcast would buy a controlling 51% stake in NBCUniversal for $6.5 billion in cash and $7.3 billion in programming. GE would take over the remaining 49% stake in NBCUniversal, using $5.8 billion to buy out Vivendi's 20% minority stake in NBCUniversal. On January 18, 2011, the FCC approved the deal by a vote of 4 to 1. The sale was completed on January 28, 2011. In late December 2012, Comcast added the NBC peacock symbol to their new logo. On February 12, 2013, Comcast announced an intention to acquire the remaining 49% of General Electric's interest in NBCUniversal, which Comcast completed on March 19, 2013. Question: On what date was Comcast's purchase of controlling interest in NBCUniversal reported? Answer: December 3, 2009 Question: What did Comcast pay for their stake in NBC? Answer: $6.5 billion in cash and $7.3 billion in programming Question: How did the FCC vote approval of the Comcast-NBC deal? Answer: 4 to 1 Question: On what date was the sale finally completed? Answer: January 28, 2011 Question: On what date did Comcast buy out the remaining stake of General Electric in NBC? Answer: March 19, 2013 Question: How much did Comcast pay to Vivendi? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The FCC denied the deal by what vote? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did GE add to their logo in December? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did GE announce it planned to buy out Comcast's interest? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did Comcast pay for the remaining 49%? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During the Dutch Golden Age in the late 16th century onward, the Dutch Republic dominated world trade in the 17th century, conquering a vast colonial empire and operating the largest fleet of merchantmen of any nation. The County of Holland was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world. Question: The Dutch Republic dominated world trade during what time? Answer: the Dutch Golden Age Question: What was the wealthiest and most urbanized region in the world during the 17th century? Answer: The County of Holland Question: When did the country of Holland dominate world trade? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the status of the Dutch Golden Age compared to the world? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During the 17th century what did Holland conquer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of fleet did Holland have in the 17th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What trade fleet was the wealthiest and most urbanized? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Race was asked differently in the Census 2000 in several other ways than previously. Most significantly, respondents were given the option of selecting one or more race categories to indicate racial identities. Data show that nearly seven million Americans identified as members of two or more races. Because of these changes, the Census 2000 data on race are not directly comparable with data from the 1990 census or earlier censuses. Use of caution is therefore recommended when interpreting changes in the racial composition of the US population over time. Question: In what year were census respondents first able to select more than one race? Answer: 2000 Question: How many American reported being of more than one race in the Census 2000? Answer: nearly seven million Question: What year was the last census before the Census 2000? Answer: 1990 Question: How many race categories were respondents able to select in the Census 2000? Answer: one or more
Context: Northwestern was elected to the Association of American Universities in 1917 and remains a research university with "very high" research activity. Northwestern's schools of management, engineering, and communication are among the most academically productive in the nation. Northwestern received $550 million in research funding in 2014. Northwestern supports nearly 1,500 research laboratories across two campuses, predominately in the medical and biological sciences. Through the Innovation and New Ventures Office (INVO), Northwestern researchers disclosed 247 inventions, filed 270 patents applications, received 81 foreign and US patents, started 12 companies, and generated $79.8 million in licensing revenue in 2013. The bulk of revenue has come from a patent on pregabalin, a synthesized organic molecule discovered by chemistry professor Richard Silverman, which ultimately was marketed as Lyrica, a drug sold by Pfizer, to combat epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and fibromyalgia. INVO has been involved in creating a number of centers, including the Center for Developmental Therapeutics (CDT) and the Center for Device Development (CD2). It has also helped form over 50 Northwestern startup companies based on Northwestern technologies. Question: When was Northwestern elected to the Association of American Universities? Answer: 1917 Question: Which of Northwestern's schools are among the most academically productive in the nation? Answer: management, engineering, and communication Question: In 2014, how much research funding did Northwestern receive? Answer: $550 million Question: Who discovered the drug that was ultimately marketed as Lyrica? Answer: chemistry professor Richard Silverman Question: How many companies were started through Northwestern's Innovations and New Ventures Office? Answer: 12 Question: When was Southwestern elected to the Association of American Universities? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which of Southwestern's schools are among the most academically productive in the nation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In 2012, how much research funding did Northwestern receive? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who discovered the drug that was never marketed as Lyrica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many companies were started through Southwestern's Innovations and New Ventures Office? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Spain is a unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism". The country has been quoted as being "an extraordinarily decentralized country", with the central government accounting for just 18% of public spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the social security system. The current Spanish constitution has been implemented in such a way that, in many respects, Spain can be compared to countries which are undeniably federal. Question: What type of state is Spain? Answer: unitary state Question: What type of federalism system does Spain have? Answer: unitary state with a high level of decentralisation, often regarded as a federal system in all but name or a "federation without federalism" Question: What type of government does Spain have? Answer: central government Question: What does Spain's government accounts for? Answer: 8% of public spending, 38% for the regional governments, 13% for the local councils, and the remaining 31% for the social security system Question: What type of state isn't Spain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of federalism system does Spain reject? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of communism system does Spain have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of government doesn't Spain have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Spain's government not account for? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Within a population, it is common for different ages and/or sexes to have different patterns of timing and distance. Female chaffinches Fringilla coelebs in Eastern Fennoscandia migrate earlier in the autumn than males do. Question: Which sex of the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate earlier? Answer: Female Question: Where are chaffinches Fringilla coelebs from? Answer: Eastern Fennoscandia Question: When do the chaffinches Fringilla coelebs migrate? Answer: autumn
Context: In December 2008, the CTO of Blitz Games announced that it would bring stereoscopic 3D gaming and movie viewing to Xbox 360 and PlayStation 3 with its own technology. This was first demonstrated publicly on PS3 using Sony's own technology in January 2009 at the Consumer Electronics Show. Journalists were shown Wipeout HD and Gran Turismo 5 Prologue in 3D as a demonstration of how the technology might work if it is implemented in the future. Firmware update 3.30 officially allowed PS3 titles to be played in 3D, requiring a compatible display for use. System software update 3.50 prepared it for 3D films. While the game itself must be programmed to take advantage of the 3D technology, titles may be patched to add in the functionality retroactively. Titles with such patches include Wipeout HD, Pain, and Super Stardust HD. Question: What company said it would bring 3D technology to the PS3? Answer: Blitz Games Question: Along with Wipeout HD, what game did the press view in 3D in early 2009? Answer: Gran Turismo 5 Prologue Question: What version of firmware update gave the PlayStation 3 its 3D capability? Answer: 3.30 Question: What word describes what happens to a game when is edited to add functions not originally programmed? Answer: patched Question: What was the PS3 console able to play after the system software was updated to 3.50? Answer: 3D films Question: The CEO of Blitz Games announced in December 2008 it would bring what to PS4? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Firmware update 3.33 allowed PS3 titles to be played in what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Software update 3.55 allowed the PS3 to play what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: A title with a 3D patch is Super what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What company said it would bring 4D technology to the PS3? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Along with Wipeout HD, what game did the press view in 3D in late 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What version of firmware update gave the PlayStation 3 its 4D capability? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What word describes what happens to a game when is edited to remove functions not originally programmed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the PS3 console able to play after the system software was updated to 3.05? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Within the past ten years, the amount of social networking sites available to the public has greatly increased as well as the number of adolescents using them. Several sources report a high proportion of adolescents who use social media: 73% of 12–17 year olds reported having at least one social networking profile; two-thirds (68%) of teens text every day, half (51%) visit social networking sites daily, and 11% send or receive tweets at least once every day. In fact, more than a third (34%) of teens visit their main social networking site several times a day. One in four (23%) teens are "heavy" social media users, meaning they use at least two different types of social media each and every day. Question: In recent years, has the amount of social networking sites available to the public increased or decreased? Answer: greatly increased Question: What percentage of 12-17 year olds claim to have at least one social networking profile? Answer: 73% Question: What percentage of teens say they text every day? Answer: 68% Question: What percentage of teens report visiting social netorking sites daily? Answer: 51% Question: What ratio of teens are "heavy" social media users, using two types of media daily? Answer: One in four (23%)
Context: Under Walter Dill Scott's presidency from 1920 to 1939, Northwestern began construction of an integrated campus in Chicago designed by James Gamble Rogers to house the professional schools; established the Kellogg School of Management; and built several prominent buildings on the Evanston campus, Dyche Stadium (now named Ryan Field) and Deering Library among others. In 1933, a proposal to merge Northwestern with the University of Chicago was considered but rejected. Northwestern was also one of the first six universities in the country to establish a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) in the 1920s. Northwestern played host to the first-ever NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship game in 1939 in the original Patten Gymnasium, which was later demolished and relocated farther north along with the Dearborn Observatory to make room for the Technological Institute. Question: What type of campus did Northwestern begin construction of during Walter Dill Scott's presidency? Answer: integrated Question: What was the orginal name for Northwestern's Ryan Field? Answer: Dyche Stadium Question: What merger was proposed and rejected in 1933? Answer: Northwestern with the University of Chicago Question: What was Northwestern one of the first six universities in the U.S. to establish in the 1920's? Answer: a Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps (NROTC) Question: What first-ever game did Northwestern host in 1939? Answer: NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship Question: What type of campus did Northwestern begin construction of during Walter Dill Scott's vice-presidency? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the orginal name for Northwestern's Bryan Field? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What merger was proposed and rejected in 1973? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Northwestern one of the first seven universities in the U.S. to establish in the 1920's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What second-ever game did Northwestern host in 1939? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 20 June 1995, the Southern Baptist Convention voted to adopt a resolution renouncing its racist roots and apologizing for its past defense of slavery. More than 20,000 Southern Baptists registered for the meeting in Atlanta. The resolution declared that messengers, as SBC delegates are called, "unwaveringly denounce racism, in all its forms, as deplorable sin" and "lament and repudiate historic acts of evil such as slavery from which we continue to reap a bitter harvest." It offered an apology to all African-Americans for "condoning and/or perpetuating individual and systemic racism in our lifetime" and repentance for "racism of which we have been guilty, whether consciously or unconsciously." Although Southern Baptists have condemned racism in the past, this was the first time the predominantly white convention had dealt specifically with the issue of slavery. Question: When did the Southern Baptist Convention vote to adopt a resolution renouncing its racist roots? Answer: 20 June 1995 Question: How many Baptists registered for the meeting in Atlanta? Answer: More than 20,000 Question: SBC delegates are called what? Answer: messengers Question: When did the Southern Baptist Convention vote to adopt a resolution announcing its racist roots? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many Baptists unregistered for the meeting in Atlanta? Answer: Unanswerable Question: SBC delegates are never called what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who had not condemned racism in the past? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Taliban regrouped in western Pakistan and began to unleash an insurgent-style offensive against Coalition forces in late 2002. Throughout southern and eastern Afghanistan, firefights broke out between the surging Taliban and Coalition forces. Coalition forces responded with a series of military offensives and an increase in the amount of troops in Afghanistan. In February 2010, Coalition forces launched Operation Moshtarak in southern Afghanistan along with other military offensives in the hopes that they would destroy the Taliban insurgency once and for all. Peace talks are also underway between Taliban affiliated fighters and Coalition forces. In September 2014, Afghanistan and the United States signed a security agreement, which permits United States and NATO forces to remain in Afghanistan until at least 2024. The United States and other NATO and non-NATO forces are planning to withdraw; with the Taliban claiming it has defeated the United States and NATO, and the Obama Administration viewing it as a victory. In December 2014, ISAF encasing its colors, and Resolute Support began as the NATO operation in Afghanistan. Continued United States operations within Afghanistan will continue under the name "Operation Freedom's Sentinel". Question: Where did the Taliban regroup in 2002? Answer: western Pakistan Question: In what parts of Afghanistan did the Taliban attack Coalition forces in 2002? Answer: southern and eastern Question: What operation began in Feb 2010? Answer: Operation Moshtarak Question: Where did Operation Moshtarak take place? Answer: southern Afghanistan Question: When did Afghanistan sign a security agreement with the US? Answer: September 2014 Question: Where did the Taliban regroup in late 2001? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What operation did Coalition forces launch in February 2002? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Afghanistan and the US sign in December 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will continued NATO operations within Afghanistan be known as? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Coalition forces regroup? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the insurgent-style offensive the Taliban used? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did NATO and the US sign in 2014? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When do NATO forces have to leave Afghanistan by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the security agreement? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first criminal provision in U.S. copyright law was added in 1897, which established a misdemeanor penalty for "unlawful performances and representations of copyrighted dramatic and musical compositions" if the violation had been "willful and for profit." Criminal copyright infringement requires that the infringer acted "for the purpose of commercial advantage or private financial gain." 17 U.S.C. § 506. To establish criminal liability, the prosecutor must first show the basic elements of copyright infringement: ownership of a valid copyright, and the violation of one or more of the copyright holder's exclusive rights. The government must then establish that defendant willfully infringed or, in other words, possessed the necessary mens rea. Misdemeanor infringement has a very low threshold in terms of number of copies and the value of the infringed works. Question: When was the first criminal part of copyright law in the U.S. added? Answer: 1897 Question: What type of penalty was made for unlawful performances that are willful and for profit? Answer: misdemeanor Question: What did a criminal infringer do to be prosecuted? Answer: for the purpose of commercial advantage or private financial gain Question: What must a prosecuter show after the basic elements of infringement? Answer: that defendant willfully infringed Question: What is the threshold of the number of copies and the value of the works? Answer: very low threshold Question: When was the last criminal part of copyright law in the U.S. added? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of penalty was made for lawful performances that are willful and for profit? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did a criminal infringer not do to be prosecuted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What mustn't a prosecuter show after the basic elements of infringement? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't the threshold of the number of copies and the value of the works? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Communication is observed within the plant organism, i.e. within plant cells and between plant cells, between plants of the same or related species, and between plants and non-plant organisms, especially in the root zone. Plant roots communicate with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil. These interactions are governed by syntactic, pragmatic, and semantic rules,[citation needed] and are possible because of the decentralized "nervous system" of plants. The original meaning of the word "neuron" in Greek is "vegetable fiber" and recent research has shown that most of the microorganism plant communication processes are neuron-like. Plants also communicate via volatiles when exposed to herbivory attack behavior, thus warning neighboring plants. In parallel they produce other volatiles to attract parasites which attack these herbivores. In stress situations plants can overwrite the genomes they inherited from their parents and revert to that of their grand- or great-grandparents.[citation needed] Question: What is a form of communication observed within plants? Answer: between plant cells Question: What part of a plant communicates with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil? Answer: roots Question: How are the plant roots able to communicate with rhizome bacteria, fungi, and insects within the soil? Answer: the decentralized "nervous system" of plants Question: What is the meaning of the word neuron in Greek? Answer: vegetable fiber Question: How do plants communicate to warn nearby plants of danger? Answer: via volatiles Question: The plants leaves communicates with what in the soil? Answer: Unanswerable Question: This centralized system makes plant interactions possible? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The Hebrew word for 'neuron' is what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During herbivory attack behavior what doesn't allow plants to communicate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What can't plants overwrite when they are stressed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: American Idol became the most expensive series on broadcast networks for advertisers starting season four, and by the next season, it had broken the record in advertising rate for a regularly scheduled prime-time network series, selling over $700,000 for a 30-seconds slot, and reaching up to $1.3 million for the finale. Its ad prices reached a peak in season seven at $737,000. Estimated revenue more than doubled from $404 million in season three to $870 million in season six. While that declined from season eight onwards, it still earned significantly more than its nearest competitor, with advertising revenue topping $800 million annually the next few seasons. However, the sharp drop in ratings in season eleven also resulted in a sharp drop in advertising rate for season twelve, and the show lost its leading position as the costliest show for advertisers. By 2014, ad revenue from had fallen to $427 million where a 30-second spot went for less than $300,000. Question: In which season did American Idol become the costliest show for advertising on television? Answer: season four Question: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot on the American Idol season four finale? Answer: $1.3 million Question: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in 2014? Answer: less than $300,000 Question: How much did advertisers spend for a 30 second ad spot during American Idol in its seventh season? Answer: $737,000 Question: By what season was Idol the highest advertising cost of all shows? Answer: four Question: How much did Idol earn in ad revenue alone for season 8? Answer: 800 million
Context: YouTube entered into a marketing and advertising partnership with NBC in June 2006. In November 2008, YouTube reached an agreement with MGM, Lions Gate Entertainment, and CBS, allowing the companies to post full-length films and television episodes on the site, accompanied by advertisements in a section for US viewers called "Shows". The move was intended to create competition with websites such as Hulu, which features material from NBC, Fox, and Disney. In November 2009, YouTube launched a version of "Shows" available to UK viewers, offering around 4,000 full-length shows from more than 60 partners. In January 2010, YouTube introduced an online film rentals service, which is available only to users in the US, Canada and the UK as of 2010. The service offers over 6,000 films. Question: When did youtube enter a partnership with NBC? Answer: June 2006 Question: What is the name of the section in youtube that allows major content publishers to post full length movies and episodes? Answer: Shows Question: What was the intended purpose of youtube's "shows" section? Answer: to create competition Question: When did youtube launch the version of "shows" for the UK? Answer: In November 2009 Question: In 2010 how many movies did youtube's rental service offer? Answer: over 6,000 films Question: Who entered into a partnership during June 2008 with NBC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did YouTube reach agreements with in November 2006? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did YouTube launch in June 2009? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did YouTube introduce in November 2010? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Wood to be used for construction work is commonly known as lumber in North America. Elsewhere, lumber usually refers to felled trees, and the word for sawn planks ready for use is timber. In Medieval Europe oak was the wood of choice for all wood construction, including beams, walls, doors, and floors. Today a wider variety of woods is used: solid wood doors are often made from poplar, small-knotted pine, and Douglas fir. Question: What term is used in North America for wood used in construction? Answer: lumber Question: Outside of North America, if someone said "lumber," to what would they be referring? Answer: felled trees Question: What do people outside of North America call the sawn boards used for building? Answer: timber Question: What was the preferred wood for construction in Medieval Europe? Answer: oak Question: For modern solid wood doors, what wood is often used in addition to small-knotted pine or poplar? Answer: Douglas fir
Context: During the Soviet period, the policy toward the languages of the various other ethnic groups fluctuated in practice. Though each of the constituent republics had its own official language, the unifying role and superior status was reserved for Russian, although it was declared the official language only in 1990. Following the break-up of the USSR in 1991, several of the newly independent states have encouraged their native languages, which has partly reversed the privileged status of Russian, though its role as the language of post-Soviet national discourse throughout the region has continued. Question: When did the USSR dissolve? Answer: 1991 Question: When did the USSR make Russian the official language? Answer: 1990 Question: What unofficial status did Russian have in the USSR before 1990? Answer: the unifying role and superior status Question: What was declared the official language of constituent republics in 1991? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What policy fluctuated in practice in 1991? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did other ethnic groups discourage native language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did constituent republics not have an official language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the national discourse about in 1990? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Greece has universal health care. In a 2000 World Health Organization report, its health care system ranked 14th in overall performance of 191 countries surveyed. In a 2013 Save the Children report, Greece was ranked the 19th best country (out of 176 countries surveyed) for the state of mothers and newborn babies. In 2010, there were 138 hospitals with 31,000 beds in the country, but on 1 July 2011, the Ministry for Health and Social Solidarity announced its plans to decrease the number to 77 hospitals with 36,035 beds, as a necessary reform to reduce expenses and further enhance healthcare standards.[disputed – discuss] Greece's healthcare expenditures as a percentage of GDP were 9.6% in 2007 according to a 2011 OECD report, just above the OECD average of 9.5%. The country has the largest number of doctors-to-population ratio of any OECD country. Question: What kind of health care exists in Greece? Answer: universal health care Question: Where does Greece's health care system rank out of 191 countries surveyed? Answer: 14th Question: What rank does Greece hold for the condition of mothers and new born babies? Answer: 19th Question: In 2010, how many hospitals were there in Greece? Answer: 138 Question: In 2011, plans were made to decrease hospitals to how many? Answer: 77
Context: Martorell's outstanding novel of chivalry Tirant lo Blanc (1490) shows a transition from Medieval to Renaissance values, something that can also be seen in Metge's work. The first book produced with movable type in the Iberian Peninsula was printed in Catalan. Question: Who wrote Tirant lo Blanc? Answer: Martorell Question: What kind of tale was Tirant lo Blanc? Answer: chivalry Question: To what does Matorell's work show a transition? Answer: Renaissance values Question: What other writer showed a transition to the Renaissance? Answer: Metge Question: In what was the first Catalan book printed on the Iberian Peninsula? Answer: movable type
Context: Early philosophers were divided as to whether the seat of the soul lies in the brain or heart. Aristotle favored the heart, and thought that the function of the brain was merely to cool the blood. Democritus, the inventor of the atomic theory of matter, argued for a three-part soul, with intellect in the head, emotion in the heart, and lust near the liver. Hippocrates, the "father of medicine", came down unequivocally in favor of the brain. In his treatise on epilepsy he wrote: Question: The seal of the soul was debated to lie in what two organs of the body? Answer: brain or heart. Question: Aristotle thought the soul lied in what organ? Answer: the heart Question: Who invented the atomic theory of matter? Answer: Democritus, Question: The "father of medicine" is a name given to whom in history? Answer: Hippocrates Question: What philosopher in history argued for a three-part soul? Answer: Democritus
Context: In early 2009, Spielberg shot the first film in a planned trilogy of motion capture films based on The Adventures of Tintin, written by Belgian artist Hergé, with Peter Jackson. The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn, was not released until October 2011, due to the complexity of the computer animation involved. The world premiere took place on October 22, 2011 in Brussels, Belgium. The film was released in North American theaters on December 21, 2011, in Digital 3D and IMAX. It received generally positive reviews from critics, and grossed over $373 million worldwide. The Adventures of Tintin won the award for Best Animated Feature Film at the Golden Globe Awards that year. It is the first non-Pixar film to win the award since the category was first introduced. Jackson has been announced to direct the second film. Question: What was the first non-Pixar movie to win the Best Animated Feature Film award? Answer: The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn Question: Where did Adventures of Tintin debut? Answer: Brussels, Belgium Question: When did Adventures of Tintin debut? Answer: October 22, 2011 Question: When was Adventures of Tintin released in the US? Answer: December 21, 2011 Question: How much did Adventures of Tintin earn? Answer: over $373 million worldwide Question: What was one of the cities that The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn took place in? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn make in the United States? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did The Adventures of Tintin: The Secret of the Unicorn earn overseas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was it announced that Peter Jackson would direct the next The Adventures of Tintin movie? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will be the name of the next Tintin movie? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Frustrated by the wasted effort, and with demands for action from their citizens, the allied force decided to attack the center of Russian strength in the Black Sea at Sevastopol on the Crimean peninsula. After extended preparations, the forces landed on the peninsula in September 1854 and fought their way to a point south of Sevastopol after a series of successful battles. The Russians counterattacked on 25 October in what became the Battle of Balaclava and were repulsed, but at the cost of seriously depleting the British Army forces. A second counterattack, ordered personally by Nicholas, was defeated by Omar Pasha. The front settled into a siege and led to horrible conditions for troops on both sides. Smaller actions were carried out in the Baltic, the Caucasus, the White Sea and in the North Pacific. Question: Near what sea did the allies decide to attack the Russians? Answer: Black Sea Question: In what year did the allies land on the Crimean peninsula? Answer: 1854 Question: The battle of Battle of Balaclava took place in what month? Answer: October Question: Who defeated Nicholas's second counter strike at the Battle of Balaclava? Answer: Omar Pasha Question: The Crimean peninsula is located in what city? Answer: Sevastopol
Context: Most annelids have a pair of coelomata (body cavities) in each segment, separated from other segments by septa and from each other by vertical mesenteries. Each septum forms a sandwich with connective tissue in the middle and mesothelium (membrane that serves as a lining) from the preceding and following segments on either side. Each mesentery is similar except that the mesothelium is the lining of each of the pair of coelomata, and the blood vessels and, in polychaetes, the main nerve cords are embedded in it. The mesothelium is made of modified epitheliomuscular cells; in other words, their bodies form part of the epithelium but their bases extend to form muscle fibers in the body wall. The mesothelium may also form radial and circular muscles on the septa, and circular muscles around the blood vessels and gut. Parts of the mesothelium, especially on the outside of the gut, may also form chloragogen cells that perform similar functions to the livers of vertebrates: producing and storing glycogen and fat; producing the oxygen-carrier hemoglobin; breaking down proteins; and turning nitrogenous waste products into ammonia and urea to be excreted. Question: What are coelomata? Answer: body cavities Question: What are annelids' body cavities separated from other segments by? Answer: septa Question: What are annelids' body cavities separated from each other by? Answer: vertical mesenteries Question: What is the mesothelium made of? Answer: modified epitheliomuscular cells Question: What are coelomata removed from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are annelids' body cavities combined with other segments by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are annelids' body cavities separated from eyes by? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the mesothelium never made of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Henry VII added a Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to the Blessed Virgin Mary in 1503 (known as the Henry VII Chapel or the "Lady Chapel"). Much of the stone came from Caen, in France (Caen stone), the Isle of Portland (Portland stone) and the Loire Valley region of France (tuffeau limestone).[citation needed] Question: Who added a Perpendicular style chapel? Answer: Henry VII Question: Who was the Perpendicular style chapel dedicated to? Answer: Blessed Virgin Mary Question: What part of France did the Caen stone come from? Answer: Caen Question: Where did the Portland stone come from? Answer: Isle of Portland Question: When was the Lady Chapel added? Answer: 1503 Question: Who took away a Perpendicular style chapel? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the Perpendicular style chapel undedicated to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What part of England did the Caen stone come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did the Portland wood come from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the Lady Chapel subtracted? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the oft-cited and oft-criticized Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953), by Alfred C. Kinsey et al., people were asked to rate themselves on a scale from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual. Kinsey reported that when the individuals' behavior as well as their identity are analyzed, most people appeared to be at least somewhat bisexual — i.e., most people have some attraction to either sex, although usually one sex is preferred. According to Kinsey, only a minority (5–10%) can be considered fully heterosexual or homosexual.[citation needed] Conversely, only an even smaller minority can be considered fully bisexual (with an equal attraction to both sexes). Kinsey's methods have been criticized as flawed, particularly with regard to the randomness of his sample population, which included prison inmates, male prostitutes and those who willingly participated in discussion of previously taboo sexual topics. Nevertheless, Paul Gebhard, subsequent director of the Kinsey Institute for Sex Research, reexamined the data in the Kinsey Reports and concluded that removing the prison inmates and prostitutes barely affected the results. Question: Which two studies where created by Alfred C. KInsey? Answer: In the oft-cited and oft-criticized Sexual Behavior in the Human Male (1948) and Sexual Behavior in the Human Female (1953 Question: What where people asked to do in these research studies? Answer: people were asked to rate themselves on a scale from completely heterosexual to completely homosexual. Question: What did KInsey find during these studies ? Answer: that when the individuals' behavior as well as their identity are analyzed, most people appeared to be at least somewhat bisexual Question: In Kinseys mind what percentage of people are considered to be fully heterosexual or homosexual? Answer: (5–10% Question: Why do people say KInseys work is not correct? Answer: the randomness of his sample population,
Context: Nicholas felt that, because of Russian assistance in suppressing the Hungarian revolution of 1848, Austria would side with him, or at the very least remain neutral. Austria, however, felt threatened by the Russian troops in the Balkans. On 27 February 1854, the United Kingdom and France demanded the withdrawal of Russian forces from the principalities; Austria supported them and, though it did not declare war on Russia, it refused to guarantee its neutrality. Russia's rejection of the ultimatum caused the UK and France to enter the war. Question: In what year did the Hungarian revolution take place? Answer: 1848 Question: Who felt Austria would side with him due to the Hungarian revolution outcome? Answer: Nicholas Question: Who did Austria feel threatened by? Answer: Russian troops in the Balkans Question: Who wanted the Russian forces to leave the principalities? Answer: the United Kingdom and France Question: Why did the U.K and France get involved with the war against the Russia? Answer: Russia's rejection of the ultimatum
Context: In 2004, NIST researchers presented evidence that an isotropic non-crystalline metallic phase (dubbed "q-glass") could be grown from the melt. This phase is the first phase, or "primary phase," to form in the Al-Fe-Si system during rapid cooling. Interestingly, experimental evidence indicates that this phase forms by a first-order transition. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images show that the q-glass nucleates from the melt as discrete particles, which grow spherically with a uniform growth rate in all directions. The diffraction pattern shows it to be an isotropic glassy phase. Yet there is a nucleation barrier, which implies an interfacial discontinuity (or internal surface) between the glass and the melt. Question: Who showed that q-glass could be produced from a melt? Answer: NIST researchers Question: What shows that there is an inner surface between glass and melt? Answer: nucleation barrier Question: What is q-glass? Answer: an isotropic non-crystalline metallic phase Question: What kind of microscope shows that q-glass grows as separate particles? Answer: Transmission electron Question: Who showed that q-glass could be produced from a nucleation barrier? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What shows that there is an inner surface between glass and metal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is diffraction? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kind of microscope shows that q-glass grows as first-order transition? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What forms in the AL-Fe-Si system during an isotropic glassy phase? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Neptune's more varied weather when compared to Uranus is due in part to its higher internal heating. Although Neptune lies over 50% further from the Sun than Uranus, and receives only 40% its amount of sunlight, the two planets' surface temperatures are roughly equal. The upper regions of Neptune's troposphere reach a low temperature of 51.8 K (−221.3 °C). At a depth where the atmospheric pressure equals 1 bar (100 kPa), the temperature is 72.00 K (−201.15 °C). Deeper inside the layers of gas, the temperature rises steadily. As with Uranus, the source of this heating is unknown, but the discrepancy is larger: Uranus only radiates 1.1 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun; whereas Neptune radiates about 2.61 times as much energy as it receives from the Sun. Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun, yet its internal energy is sufficient to drive the fastest planetary winds seen in the Solar System. Depending on the thermal properties of its interior, the heat left over from Neptune's formation may be sufficient to explain its current heat flow, though it is more difficult to simultaneously explain Uranus's lack of internal heat while preserving the apparent similarity between the two planets. Question: Why might Neptune have more varied weather than Uranus? Answer: higher internal heating Question: How much farther is Neptune from the Sun than Uranus? Answer: 50% Question: How much percentage of the sun does Neptune get compared to Uranus? Answer: 40% Question: How much more energy does Neptune radiate than it receives? Answer: 2.61 Question: The current heat flow on Neptune might be explained by what? Answer: heat left over from Neptune's formation Question: Why might Uranus have more varied weather than Jupiter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much farther is Neptune from the Moon than Uranus? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much percentage of the sun does Neptune get compared to Jupiter? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much more energy does Jupiter radiate than it receives? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The current cold flow on Neptune might be explained by what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Cotton is used to make a number of textile products. These include terrycloth for highly absorbent bath towels and robes; denim for blue jeans; cambric, popularly used in the manufacture of blue work shirts (from which we get the term "blue-collar"); and corduroy, seersucker, and cotton twill. Socks, underwear, and most T-shirts are made from cotton. Bed sheets often are made from cotton. Cotton also is used to make yarn used in crochet and knitting. Fabric also can be made from recycled or recovered cotton that otherwise would be thrown away during the spinning, weaving, or cutting process. While many fabrics are made completely of cotton, some materials blend cotton with other fibers, including rayon and synthetic fibers such as polyester. It can either be used in knitted or woven fabrics, as it can be blended with elastine to make a stretchier thread for knitted fabrics, and apparel such as stretch jeans. Question: For what is cotton used to make? Answer: textile products Question: Besides new cotton fibers, what type of fibers can be used to make cotton products? Answer: recycled or recovered cotton Question: With what is cotton often blended to make a new style of fabric? Answer: synthetic fibers Question: What kinds of fabrics can be made from blended fibers? Answer: knitted or woven Question: For what can cotton yarn be used? Answer: crochet and knitting Question: For what are jeans used to make? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Besides new cotton fivers, what type of fivers can be used to make elastine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: With what is cotton often blended to make a new style of elastine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What kinds of fabrics can be made from stretch jeans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: For what can cotton elastine be used? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hanover's leading cabaret-stage is the GOP Variety theatre which is located in the Georgs Palace. Some other famous cabaret-stages are the Variety Marlene, the Uhu-Theatre. the theatre Die Hinterbühne, the Rampenlich Variety and the revue-stage TAK. The most important Cabaret-Event is the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten (Little Festival in the Great Garden) which is the most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany. It features artists from around the world. Some other important events are the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks, the Hanover Cabaret Festival and the Wintervariety. Question: What famous theatre is located in Georgs Palace? Answer: GOP Variety theatre Question: What is the most important Cabaret-Event? Answer: Kleines Fest im Großen Garten Question: What is a notable achievement about the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten? Answer: most successful Cabaret Festival in Germany Question: Where do artists who feature in the Kleines Fest im Großen Garten come from? Answer: around the world Question: What is another important event other than the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks or the Hanover Cabaret Festival? Answer: Wintervariety Question: What is Germany's leading cabaret stage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Artist and what Festival are from all over Germany? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other events usually take place after the Calenberger Cabaret Weeks Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some of the less well-known cabaret stages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one of the most unusual cabaret events? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Since Elizabeth rarely gives interviews, little is known of her personal feelings. As a constitutional monarch, she has not expressed her own political opinions in a public forum. She does have a deep sense of religious and civic duty, and takes her coronation oath seriously. Aside from her official religious role as Supreme Governor of the established Church of England, she is personally a member of that church and the national Church of Scotland. She has demonstrated support for inter-faith relations and has met with leaders of other churches and religions, including five popes: Pius XII, John XXIII, John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis. A personal note about her faith often features in her annual Christmas message broadcast to the Commonwealth. In 2000, she spoke about the theological significance of the millennium marking the 2000th anniversary of the birth of Jesus: Question: What governmental style of monarch is Elizabeth? Answer: constitutional monarch Question: How often does Elizabeth give interviews? Answer: rarely Question: What type of political religious beliefs does Elizabeth seemed to support? Answer: inter-faith relations Question: What is Elizabeth's ranking in the Church of England? Answer: Supreme Governor Question: Apart from her membership in the Church of England, to what other church does she belong? Answer: Church of Scotland Question: What has she talked about with Pope John Paul II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Elizabeth meet with Pope John Paul II? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the last time Elizabeth gave an interview? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Beyond Christianity what leaders of other religions has Elizabeth met with? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In May and June 1939, the King and Queen toured Canada and the United States. From Ottawa, the royal couple were accompanied throughout by Canadian Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, to present themselves in North America as King and Queen of Canada. George was the first reigning monarch of Canada to visit North America, although he had been to Canada previously as Prince Albert and as Duke of York. Both Governor General of Canada Lord Tweedsmuir and Mackenzie King hoped that the King's presence in Canada would demonstrate the principles of the Statute of Westminster 1931, which gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions. On 19 May, George VI personally accepted and approved the Letter of Credence of the new U.S. Ambassador to Canada, Daniel Calhoun Roper; gave Royal Assent to nine parliamentary bills; and ratified two international treaties with the Great Seal of Canada. The official royal tour historian, Gustave Lanctot, wrote "the Statute of Westminster had assumed full reality" and George gave a speech emphasising "the free and equal association of the nations of the Commonwealth". Question: Which two countries did the King and Queen tour in 1939? Answer: Canada and the United States Question: Who was the prime minister of Canada in 1939? Answer: William Lyon Mackenzie King Question: What title was the king and queen presented with when touring Canada? Answer: King and Queen of Canada Question: What was Roper's position? Answer: U.S. Ambassador to Canada Question: What did the Statute of Westminster do? Answer: gave full sovereignty to the British Dominions
Context: Varmint hunting is an American phrase for the selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests. While not always an efficient form of pest control, varmint hunting achieves selective control of pests while providing recreation and is much less regulated. Varmint species are often responsible for detrimental effects on crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Some animals, such as wild rabbits or squirrels, may be utilised for fur or meat, but often no use is made of the carcass. Which species are varmints depends on the circumstance and area. Common varmints may include various rodents, coyotes, crows, foxes, feral cats, and feral hogs. Some animals once considered varmints are now protected, such as wolves. In the US state of Louisiana, a non-native rodent known as a nutria has become so destructive to the local ecosystem that the state has initiated a bounty program to help control the population. Question: What is varmint hunting an American phrase for? Answer: selective killing of non-game animals seen as pests Question: What does varmint hunting achieve? Answer: selective control of pests Question: What detrimental effects are varmint species often responsible for visiting on? Answer: crops, livestock, landscaping, infrastructure, and pets. Question: Where has a non-native rodent known as a nutria become very destructive? Answer: Louisiana Question: What has the state of Louisiana done to combat the nutria? Answer: initiated a bounty program Question: What is phrased for selective killing of non-game animals. Answer: Varmint hunting Question: What was once considered a varmint but is now protected? Answer: wolves Question: What is the non-native varmint of Louisiana? Answer: nutria Question: What did Louisiana initiate to control the varmint population? Answer: bounty program Question: What has the state of Louisiana created to control the population of wild rabbits? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What were crows once categorized as but are not longer considered to be? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are nutria often used for when hunted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does having livestock cause detrimental effects on when you own a farm? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does having livestock help achieve the control of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On 25 November at the Korean western front, the PVA 13th Army Group attacked and overran the ROK II Corps at the Battle of the Ch'ongch'on River, and then decimated the US 2nd Infantry Division on the UN forces' right flank. The UN Command retreated; the U.S. Eighth Army's retreat (the longest in US Army history) was made possible because of the Turkish Brigade's successful, but very costly, rear-guard delaying action near Kunuri that slowed the PVA attack for two days (27–29 November). On 27 November at the Korean eastern front, a U.S. 7th Infantry Division Regimental Combat Team (3,000 soldiers) and the U.S. 1st Marine Division (12,000–15,000 marines) were unprepared for the PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir, but they managed to escape under Air Force and X Corps support fire—albeit with some 15,000 collective casualties. Question: Whose retreat during the Korean war was the longest in the history of the US Army? Answer: U.S. Eighth Army's Question: Whose actions helped the Eighth Army be able to retreat? Answer: Turkish Brigade Question: How many casualties did the 1st Marines face at the Battle of Chosin Reservoir? Answer: 12,000–15,000 Question: What tactics of the PVA were US and ROK troops not prepared to handle? Answer: PVA 9th Army Group's three-pronged encirclement tactics
Context: Internationally, Victoria took a keen interest in the improvement of relations between France and Britain. She made and hosted several visits between the British royal family and the House of Orleans, who were related by marriage through the Coburgs. In 1843 and 1845, she and Albert stayed with King Louis Philippe I at château d'Eu in Normandy; she was the first British or English monarch to visit a French one since the meeting of Henry VIII of England and Francis I of France on the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. When Louis Philippe made a reciprocal trip in 1844, he became the first French king to visit a British sovereign. Louis Philippe was deposed in the revolutions of 1848, and fled to exile in England. At the height of a revolutionary scare in the United Kingdom in April 1848, Victoria and her family left London for the greater safety of Osborne House, a private estate on the Isle of Wight that they had purchased in 1845 and redeveloped. Demonstrations by Chartists and Irish nationalists failed to attract widespread support, and the scare died down without any major disturbances. Victoria's first visit to Ireland in 1849 was a public relations success, but it had no lasting impact or effect on the growth of Irish nationalism. Question: Which two countries was Victoria trying to improve relations between? Answer: France and Britain Question: How was the House of Orleans and the British Royal family related? Answer: by marriage through the Coburgs Question: Who did Victoria stay with in Normandy? Answer: King Louis Philippe I Question: What year did Louis Philippe visit England? Answer: 1844 Question: What year did Victoria first visit Ireland? Answer: 1849 Question: What two countries did Victoria take a large interest in improving relations between? Answer: France and Britain Question: Queen Victoria set up meetings between The Britian royal family and what house to help improve relations between Britain and France? Answer: House of Orleans Question: What was the name of the King of Normandy that Victoria and Albert stayed with in 1843 and 1845? Answer: King Louis Philippe I Question: Who was the first French King to visit Queen Victoria? Answer: Louis Philippe Question: What year was Victorias first visit to Ireland? Answer: 1849 Question: Who was the first French king to visit Queen Victoria? Answer: Louis Philippe Question: What happened to Louis Philippe after the revolution in France? Answer: fled to exile in England Question: Where did Victoria and her family retreat to safety during a conflict in 1848? Answer: Osborne House Question: What nation was visited for the first time by Victoria in 1849? Answer: Ireland Question: What French family did Victoria try to foster relations with? Answer: House of Orleans Question: What was one of Victoria's major concerns? Answer: improvement of relations between France and Britain Question: When was Louis Phillipe deposed? Answer: 1848 Question: Where did Victoria and her family go to for safety during the revolutionary scare of April 1848? Answer: Osborne House, a private estate on the Isle of Wight Question: When was Osborne house purchased? Answer: 1845 Question: Which groups were demonstrating and trying to bring about a revolution before, ultimately, failing? Answer: Chartists and Irish nationalists Question: Which three countries was Victoria trying to improve relations between? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How was the House of Orleans and the British Royal family unrelated? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who didn't Victoria stay with in Normandy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Louis Philippe leave England? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did Victoria first shun Ireland? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: IBM also had their own DBMS in 1966, known as Information Management System (IMS). IMS was a development of software written for the Apollo program on the System/360. IMS was generally similar in concept to CODASYL, but used a strict hierarchy for its model of data navigation instead of CODASYL's network model. Both concepts later became known as navigational databases due to the way data was accessed, and Bachman's 1973 Turing Award presentation was The Programmer as Navigator. IMS is classified[by whom?] as a hierarchical database. IDMS and Cincom Systems' TOTAL database are classified as network databases. IMS remains in use as of 2014[update]. Question: What was the DBMS created by IBM called? Answer: Information Management System (IMS) Question: What was the purpose of the IBM DBMS? Answer: the Apollo program Question: What is the classification of IMS? Answer: hierarchical database Question: What was the name of Bachman's Turing Award presentation in 1973? Answer: The Programmer as Navigator Question: What was the DBMS designed for IBM by a third-party called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was irrelevant to the IBM DBMS? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the classification of IMS not considered? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of Bachman's Turing Award presentation in 1972? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did IBM lose their own DBMS? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: During this period, the Weapons Station was the Atlantic Fleet's loadout base for all nuclear ballistic missile submarines. Two SSBN "Boomer" squadrons and a submarine tender were homeported at the Weapons Station, while one SSN attack squadron, Submarine Squadron 4, and a submarine tender were homeported at the Naval Base. At the 1996 closure of the station's Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic (POMFLANT), over 2,500 nuclear warheads and their UGM-27 Polaris, UGM-73 Poseidon, and UGM-96 Trident I delivery missiles (SLBM) were stored and maintained, guarded by a U.S. Marine Corps security force company. Question: What year was the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station closed? Answer: 1996 Question: How many nuclear warheads were stored at the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station? Answer: 2,500 nuclear warheads Question: How many SSBN "Boomer" squadrons were homeported at the Weapons Station? Answer: Two Question: Submarine Squadron 4 is homeported at what type of military base? Answer: Naval Base Question: What type of security force guards the 2500 nuclear warheads? Answer: a U.S. Marine Corps security force company. Question: What year was the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station opened? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many nuclear warheads weren't stored at the Polaris Missile Facility Atlantic station? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many SSNB "Boomer" squadrons were homeported at the Weapons Station? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Submarine Squadron 3 is homeported at what type of military base? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of security force guards the 2600 nuclear warheads? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Between 1925 and 1940, philanthropic foundations, especially ones connected with the Rockefellers, contributed about $7 million to support the Yale Institute of Human Relations and the affiliated Yerkes Laboratories of Primate Biology. The money went toward behavioral science research, which was supported by foundation officers who aimed to "improve mankind" under an informal, loosely defined human engineering effort. The behavioral scientists at Yale, led by President James R. Angell and psychobiologist Robert M. Yerkes, tapped into foundation largesse by crafting research programs aimed to investigate, then suggest, ways to control, sexual and social behavior. For example, Yerkes analyzed chimpanzee sexual behavior in hopes of illuminating the evolutionary underpinnings of human development and providing information that could ameliorate dysfunction. Ultimately, the behavioral-science results disappointed foundation officers, who shifted their human-engineering funds toward biological sciences. Question: How much did philanthropic foundations donate between 1925 and 1940? Answer: about $7 million Question: What was the $7 million used for? Answer: behavioral science research Question: What was the goal of the behavioral research? Answer: improve mankind Question: Who were the behavioral scientists in charge of the research? Answer: President James R. Angell and psychobiologist Robert M. Yerkes Question: What animals sexual behavior did Yerkes study? Answer: chimpanzee Question: How much did philanthropic foundations donate between 1935 and 1940? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the $6 million used for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What wasn't the goal of the behavioral research? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were the behavioral students in charge of the research? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What animals eating behavior did Yerkes study? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 2005 OECD report for Greece, it was clearly stated that "the impact of new accounting rules on the fiscal figures for the years 1997 to 1999 ranged from 0.7 to 1 percentage point of GDP; this retroactive change of methodology was responsible for the revised deficit exceeding 3% in 1999, the year of [Greece's] EMU membership qualification". The above led the Greek minister of finance to clarify that the 1999 budget deficit was below the prescribed 3% limit when calculated with the ESA79 methodology in force at the time of Greece's application, and thus the criteria had been met. Question: Who provided a report for Greece in 2005? Answer: OECD Question: What was the range of the impact of the new accounting rules on the Greek fiscal figures for the years 1997 to 1999? Answer: 0.7 to 1 percentage point of GDP Question: What was the year of Greece's EMU membership qualification? Answer: 1999 Question: What methodology was in force when Greece submitted its membership qualification? Answer: ESA79 Question: What did the Greek minister of finance clarify the 1999 budget was below when calculated with the ESA79 methodology? Answer: the prescribed 3% limit Question: Who burned a report for Greece in 2005? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the range of the impact of the new accounting rules on the Greek fiscal figures for the years 1990 to 1979? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the year of Greece's EMU membership disqualification? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What methodology was not in force when Greece submitted its membership qualification? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the Greek minister of finance clarify the 1999 budget was above when calculated with the ESA79 methodology? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Boston has a strong mayor – council government system in which the mayor (elected every fourth year) has extensive executive power. Marty Walsh became Mayor in January 2014, his predecessor Thomas Menino's twenty-year tenure having been the longest in the city's history. The Boston City Council is elected every two years; there are nine district seats, and four citywide "at-large" seats. The School Committee, which oversees the Boston Public Schools, is appointed by the mayor. Question: How often are elections for mayor held in Boston? Answer: every fourth year Question: What kind of power does the mayor have? Answer: extensive executive power Question: Who became Mayor in january, 2014? Answer: Marty Walsh Question: Who oversees the Boston Public Schools? Answer: The School Committee
Context: These ongoing efforts contributed to the formation of The Football Association (The FA) in 1863, which first met on the morning of 26 October 1863 at the Freemasons' Tavern in Great Queen Street, London. The only school to be represented on this occasion was Charterhouse. The Freemason's Tavern was the setting for five more meetings between October and December, which eventually produced the first comprehensive set of rules. At the final meeting, the first FA treasurer, the representative from Blackheath, withdrew his club from the FA over the removal of two draft rules at the previous meeting: the first allowed for running with the ball in hand; the second for obstructing such a run by hacking (kicking an opponent in the shins), tripping and holding. Other English rugby clubs followed this lead and did not join the FA and instead in 1871 formed the Rugby Football Union. The eleven remaining clubs, under the charge of Ebenezer Cobb Morley, went on to ratify the original thirteen laws of the game. These rules included handling of the ball by "marks" and the lack of a crossbar, rules which made it remarkably similar to Victorian rules football being developed at that time in Australia. The Sheffield FA played by its own rules until the 1870s with the FA absorbing some of its rules until there was little difference between the games. Question: What year did the Football Association form? Answer: 1863 Question: At what establishment did the Football Association have their first Meeting? Answer: Freemasons' Tavern Question: What year did the Rugby Football Union form? Answer: 1871 Question: How many clubs ended up ratifying the original laws of the game? Answer: eleven Question: Who played by their own rules till the 1870's? Answer: The Sheffield FA Question: What year did the Football Association end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What establishment did the Football Association have their last meeting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did the Rugby Football Union remove? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many clubs never ratified the original laws of the game? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who played by their own rules till the 1890's? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Antarctica continued to become more isolated and finally developed a permanent ice cap. Mountain building in western North America continued, and the Alps started to rise in Europe as the African plate continued to push north into the Eurasian plate, isolating the remnants of Tethys Sea. A brief marine incursion marks the early Oligocene in Europe. There appears to have been a land bridge in the early Oligocene between North America and Europe since the faunas of the two regions are very similar. During the Oligocene, South America was finally detached from Antarctica and drifted north toward North America. It also allowed the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to flow, rapidly cooling the continent. Question: What permanent structure formed on Antarctica? Answer: ice cap Question: The lift of which mountain range in Europe was the result of the African plate moving north into the Eurasian? Answer: the Alps Question: During what period was there a land bridge joining Europe and North America? Answer: Oligocene Question: In the Oligocene period South America broke free from what other continent? Answer: Antarctica Question: Which current resulted in the cooling of Antarctica? Answer: the Antarctic Circumpolar Current Question: What semi-perminant feature developed in Antarctica? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did mountain building stop? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What plate was pushing south creating the Alps? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What incursion marked the end of Oligocene? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What slowed down the Antarctic Circumpolar Current? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: 50 Hz systems support three scanning rates: 50i, 25p and 50p. 60 Hz systems support a much wider set of frame rates: 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p and 60p. In the days of standard definition television, the fractional rates were often rounded up to whole numbers, e.g. 23.976p was often called 24p, or 59.94i was often called 60i. 60 Hz high definition television supports both fractional and slightly different integer rates, therefore strict usage of notation is required to avoid ambiguity. Nevertheless, 29.97i/59.94i is almost universally called 60i, likewise 23.976p is called 24p. Question: What three scanning rates do 50 Hz systems support? Answer: 50i, 25p and 50p Question: Which system suports 59.94i, 60i, 23.976p, 24p, 29.97p, 30p, 59.94p, and 60p Answer: 60 Hz Question: SD television fractional rates were often rounded to what? Answer: whole numbers Question: Strict notation is required with HD fractional rates to avoid what? Answer: ambiguity
Context: Education is the process of facilitating learning, or the acquisition of knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits. Educational methods include storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research. Education frequently takes place under the guidance of educators, but learners may also educate themselves. Education can take place in formal or informal settings and any experience that has a formative effect on the way one thinks, feels, or acts may be considered educational. The methodology of teaching is called pedagogy. Question: What makes up Education? Answer: knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits Question: What methods make up Education? Answer: storytelling, discussion, teaching, training, and directed research Question: Where does education usually take place under? Answer: the guidance of educators Question: What does not make up education? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What methods do not make up Education? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does education never take place under? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What only happens in a formal setting? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What only happens in an informal setting? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In May 2005, Carrie Underwood was announced the winner, with Bice the runner-up. Both Underwood and Bice released the coronation song "Inside Your Heaven". Underwood has since sold 65 million records worldwide, and become the most successful Idol contestant in the U.S., selling over 14 million albums copies in the U.S. and has more Underwood has won seven Grammy Awards, the most Grammys by an "American Idol" alumnus. Question: What year did Carrie Underwood win American Idol? Answer: 2005 Question: How many record has Carrie Underwood sold since winning American Idol? Answer: 65 million Question: What was the first song released by Carrie Underwood after winning American Idol? Answer: Inside Your Heaven Question: Which American Idol contestant has won the biggest number of Grammy Awards? Answer: Carrie Underwood Question: When was the winner declared? Answer: May 2005 Question: Who was the winner of this season? Answer: Carrie Underwood Question: What song did the two finalists release? Answer: Inside Your Heaven Question: How many records has Underwood sold in America? Answer: 14 million
Context: By the 1900s, nigger had become a pejorative word in the United States. In its stead, the term colored became the mainstream alternative to negro and its derived terms. After the African-American Civil rights movement, the terms colored and negro gave way to "black". Negro had superseded colored as the most polite word for African Americans at a time when black was considered more offensive. This term was accepted as normal, including by people classified as Negroes, until the later Civil Rights movement in the late 1960s. One well-known example is the identification by Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. of his own race as "Negro" in his famous speech of 1963, I Have a Dream. During the American Civil Rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s, some African-American leaders in the United States, notably Malcolm X, objected to the word Negro because they associated it with the long history of slavery, segregation, and discrimination that treated African Americans as second-class citizens, or worse. Malcolm X preferred Black to Negro, but later gradually abandoned that as well for Afro-American after leaving the Nation of Islam. Question: When did "nigger" become a pejorative word? Answer: By the 1900s Question: What term replaced negro as mainstream? Answer: colored Question: What term followed "negro" and "colored"? Answer: "black" Question: What movement sprouted this change in rhetoric? Answer: the African-American Civil rights movement Question: Who led the Civil Rights movement? Answer: Reverend Martin Luther King
Context: Rome's preoccupation with its war with Carthage provided an opportunity for Philip V of the kingdom of Macedonia, located in the north of the Greek peninsula, to attempt to extend his power westward. Philip sent ambassadors to Hannibal's camp in Italy, to negotiate an alliance as common enemies of Rome. However, Rome discovered the agreement when Philip's emissaries were captured by a Roman fleet. The First Macedonian War saw the Romans involved directly in only limited land operations, but they ultimately achieved their objective of pre-occupying Philip and preventing him from aiding Hannibal. Question: What kingdom sent an ambassador to Italy in an attempt to form an alliance against Rome? Answer: Macedonia Question: Where did Philip V want to extend his control to? Answer: westward Question: What peninsula was the kingdom of Macedonia able to be found in? Answer: Greek peninsula Question: Who did Philip V seek an alliance with? Answer: Hannibal Question: At what point did Rome discover that an alliance between Philip V and Hannibal had been achieved? Answer: Philip's emissaries were captured by a Roman fleet
Context: In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and exhibition of Aboriginal photography. In contrast to previous definitions based solely on the degree of Aboriginal ancestry, in 1990 the Government changed the legal definition of Aboriginal to include any: Question: Who wrote "Living Black? Answer: Kevin Gilbert Question: What year was Gilbert awarded for his efforts? Answer: 1978 Question: What was Living Black about? Answer: a collection of Aboriginal people's stories Question: What award did Gilbert refuse in 1998? Answer: the Human Rights Award for Literature Question: What was the award in 1998 for? Answer: Inside Black Australia
Context: Other notable new vaccines of the period include those for measles (1962, John Franklin Enders of Children's Medical Center Boston, later refined by Maurice Hilleman at Merck), Rubella (1969, Hilleman, Merck) and mumps (1967, Hilleman, Merck) The United States incidences of rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, measles, and mumps all fell by >95% in the immediate aftermath of widespread vaccination. The first 20 years of licensed measles vaccination in the U.S. prevented an estimated 52 million cases of the disease, 17,400 cases of mental retardation, and 5,200 deaths. Question: What did the first measles prevent in it's first 20 years? Answer: an estimated 52 million cases of the disease, 17,400 cases of mental retardation, and 5,200 deaths Question: Who originally created the measles vaccine? Answer: John Franklin Enders Question: How much did the occurrence of serious diseases shortly after the release of the measles vaccine? Answer: >95% Question: When did the Rubella vaccine come out? Answer: 1969 Question: Who recreated the measles vaccine? Answer: Maurice Hilleman Question: In what year was the measles vaccine made? Answer: 1962 Question: Who helped refine the measles vaccine? Answer: Maurice Hilleman Question: In what year was the mumps vaccine made? Answer: 1967 Question: How much did rubella, measles, and mumps infections drop after vaccination? Answer: >95% Question: Measles vaccinations helped prevent how many estimated cases of the illness? Answer: 52 million Question: What did the first measles prevent in its first 10 years? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who originally created rubella? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did the occurrence of serious diseases shortly after the release of rubella? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did measles come out? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who recreated measles? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: New Delhi is governed through a municipal government, known as the New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC). Other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi are administered by the Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD). However, the entire metropolis of Delhi is commonly known as New Delhi in contrast to Old Delhi. Question: What is the name of the municipal government by which New Delhi is governed? Answer: New Delhi Municipal Council (NDMC) Question: What government body is responsible for administering other urban areas of the metropolis of Delhi? Answer: Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) Question: What is the name commonly used to refer to the entire metropolis of Delhi? Answer: New Delhi Question: The New Delhi Municipal Government oversees what large Indian city? Answer: New Delhi Question: What form of government is responsible for the municipality of New Delhi? Answer: a municipal government
Context: When it turned out that there would not be enough uranium-235 to make more than one bomb, the implosive lens project was greatly expanded and von Neumann's idea was implemented. Implosion was the only method that could be used with the plutonium-239 that was available from the Hanford Site. He established the design of the explosive lenses required, but there remained concerns about "edge effects" and imperfections in the explosives. His calculations showed that implosion would work if it did not depart by more than 5% from spherical symmetry. After a series of failed attempts with models, this was achieved by George Kistiakowsky, and the construction of the Trinity bomb was completed in July 1945. Question: what change was made when shortage of uranium 235 was apparent? Answer: implosive lens project was greatly expanded Question: What was the tolerance limit for implosion "edge effect"? Answer: not depart by more than 5% from spherical symmetry Question: Who constructed Trinity bomb? Answer: George Kistiakowsky Question: In what year was Trinity bomb completed? Answer: 1945
Context: The mandolin orchestras never completely went away, however. In fact, along with all the other musical forms the mandolin is involved with, the mandolin ensemble (groups usually arranged like the string section of a modern symphony orchestra, with first mandolins, second mandolins, mandolas, mandocellos, mando-basses, and guitars, and sometimes supplemented by other instruments) continues to grow in popularity. Since the mid-nineties, several public-school mandolin-based guitar programs have blossomed around the country, including Fretworks Mandolin and Guitar Orchestra, the first of its kind. The national organization, Classical Mandolin Society of America, founded by Norman Levine, represents these groups. Prominent modern mandolinists and composers for mandolin in the classical music tradition include Samuel Firstman, Howard Fry, Rudy Cipolla, Dave Apollon, Neil Gladd, Evan Marshall, Marilynn Mair and Mark Davis (the Mair-Davis Duo), Brian Israel, David Evans, Emanuil Shynkman, Radim Zenkl, David Del Tredici and Ernst Krenek. Question: What groups have become popular amonbgpublic schools? Answer: mandolin-based guitar programs Question: What are two of the popular public school groups? Answer: Fretworks Mandolin and Guitar Orchestra Question: Who found the Classical Mandolin Society of America? Answer: Norman Levine Question: Who are modern mandolinists and composers? Answer: Samuel Firstman, Howard Fry, Rudy Cipolla Question: What groups have become unpopular among public schools? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two of the unpopular public school groups? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who found the non-Classical Mandolin Society of America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who aren't modern mandolinists and composers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the 1950s after PRC was established by CPC, the government invested heavily in the city to build a series of state-owned heavy industries, as part of the national plan of rapid industrialization, converting it into a heavy industry production centre of East China. Overenthusiastic in building a “world-class” industrial city, the government also made many disastrous mistakes during development, such as spending hundreds of millions of yuan to mine for non-existent coal, resulting in negative economic growth in the late 1960s. From 1960s to 1980s there were Five Pillar Industries, namely, electronics, cars, petrochemical, iron and steel, and power, each with big state-owned firms. After the Reform and Opening recovering market economy, the state-owned enterprises found themselves incapable of competing with efficient multinational firms and local private firms, hence were either mired in heavy debt or forced into bankruptcy or privatization and this resulted in large numbers of layoff workers who were technically not unemployed but effectively jobless. Question: What did the government build in Nanjing during the 1950's? Answer: a series of state-owned heavy industries Question: The mistakes the government made during this period resulted in what type of growth? Answer: negative economic growth Question: How many Pillar industries were there from the 1960s to the 1980s? Answer: Five Question: The inability to compete with multinational firms led to what for workers? Answer: large numbers of layoff Question: The government wanted Nanjing to be what kind of industrial city? Answer: “world-class”
Context: In four months, Aonuma's team managed to present realistic horseback riding,[l] which Nintendo later revealed to the public with a trailer at Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004. The game was scheduled to be released the next year, and was no longer a follow-up to The Wind Waker; a true sequel to it was released for the Nintendo DS in 2007, in the form of Phantom Hourglass. Miyamoto explained in interviews that the graphical style was chosen to satisfy demand, and that it better fit the theme of an older incarnation of Link. The game runs on a modified The Wind Waker engine. Question: How long did it take to implement riding horses in a believable manner? Answer: four Question: Where did Nintendo preview the horseback riding feature? Answer: Electronic Entertainment Expo 2004 Question: What console was home to the sequel for The Wind Waker? Answer: Nintendo DS Question: What was the name of the second Wind Waker game? Answer: Phantom Hourglass Question: When did the company release a trailer of the horseback riding aspect? Answer: 2004 Question: How long did it take to implement riding Phantoms in a believable manner? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did Nintendo preview the Phantom riding feature? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What console was home to the sequel for Aonuma? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the second Aonuma game? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the company release a trailer of the Phantom riding aspect? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Internet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation. Question: What type of organization provides internet access? Answer: ISPs Question: What are some services provided by an isp? Answer: Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting, Usenet service, and colocation Question: What kind of organization blocks Internet access Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some services not provided by an ISP? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Imperial College London is a public research university located in London, United Kingdom. It was founded by Prince Albert who envisioned an area composed of the Natural History Museum, Science Museum, Victoria and Albert Museum, Royal Albert Hall and the Imperial Institute. The Imperial Institute was opened by his wife, Queen Victoria, who laid the first stone. In 1907, Imperial College London was formed by Royal Charter, and soon joined the University of London, with a focus on science and technology. The college has expanded its coursework to medicine through mergers with St Mary's Hospital. In 2004, Queen Elizabeth II opened the Imperial College Business School. Imperial became an independent university from the University of London during its one hundred year anniversary. Question: What kind of University is Imperial College London? Answer: public research university Question: Who founded the Imperial College London? Answer: Prince Albert Question: Who opened the Imperial Institute in 1907? Answer: Queen Victoria Question: Which document allowed the Imperial College London to be formed? Answer: Royal Charter Question: What was the focus of the Imperial College London? Answer: science and technology Question: What is the name of a private resdearch university in London? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who helped to build the college? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who laid the final stone in the Imerial Institute? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was coursework in medicine given over to St Mary's Hospital? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Imerial Institute join the University of London? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: One of the most important developments that the Enlightenment era brought to the discipline of science was its popularization. An increasingly literate population seeking knowledge and education in both the arts and the sciences drove the expansion of print culture and the dissemination of scientific learning. The new literate population was due to a high rise in the availability of food. This enabled many people to rise out of poverty, and instead of paying more for food, they had money for education. Popularization was generally part of an overarching Enlightenment ideal that endeavoured "to make information available to the greatest number of people." As public interest in natural philosophy grew during the 18th century, public lecture courses and the publication of popular texts opened up new roads to money and fame for amateurs and scientists who remained on the periphery of universities and academies. More formal works included explanations of scientific theories for individuals lacking the educational background to comprehend the original scientific text. Sir Isaac Newton's celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education in the classics until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze the text in the vernacular. Question: What caused an increasingly literate population to develop in the Enlightenment era? Answer: a high rise in the availability of food Question: Instead of paying more for food, on what did people spend their money? Answer: education Question: Which ideal endeavoured to make information available to the greatest number of people? Answer: Popularization Question: Who wrote the celebrated Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica? Answer: Sir Isaac Newton Question: Which work of Isaac Newton was published in Latin and remained inaccessible to readers without education until Enlightenment writers began to translate and analyze it in the vernacular? Answer: Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica
Context: The Jewish Legion, a group primarily of Zionist volunteers, assisted, in 1918, in the British conquest of Palestine. Arab opposition to British rule and Jewish immigration led to the 1920 Palestine riots and the formation of a Jewish militia known as the Haganah (meaning "The Defense" in Hebrew), from which the Irgun and Lehi, or Stern Gang, paramilitary groups later split off. In 1922, the League of Nations granted Britain a mandate over Palestine under terms which included the Balfour Declaration with its promise to the Jews, and with similar provisions regarding the Arab Palestinians. The population of the area at this time was predominantly Arab and Muslim, with Jews accounting for about 11%, and Arab Christians at about 9.5% of the population. Question: What is the Jewish Legion? Answer: a group primarily of Zionist volunteers Question: When did the League of Nations grant Britain a mandate over Palestine? Answer: 1922 Question: What does Haganah mean in Hebrew? Answer: The Defense
Context: From the 10th to the 13th century, Romanesque architecture had become a pan-European style and manner of construction, affecting buildings in countries as far apart as Ireland, Croatia, Sweden and Sicily. The same wide geographic area was then affected by the development of Gothic architecture, but the acceptance of the Gothic style and methods of construction differed from place to place, as did the expressions of Gothic taste. The proximity of some regions meant that modern country borders do not define divisions of style. On the other hand, some regions such as England and Spain produced defining characteristics rarely seen elsewhere, except where they have been carried by itinerant craftsmen, or the transfer of bishops. Regional differences that are apparent in the great abbey churches and cathedrals of the Romanesque period often become even more apparent in the Gothic. Question: During what time period did Romanesque architecture become a pan-European style of construction? Answer: 10th to the 13th century Question: What is one country in the geographic area that was affected by the development of the Gothic style of architecture? Answer: Croatia Question: Why did country borders not affect differences in style within Gothic architecture? Answer: proximity of some regions Question: During which period did regional differences in Romanesque architecture become even more pronounced? Answer: the Gothic Question: England and what other country showed differences in architectural style rarely observed anywhere else? Answer: Spain Question: What time period did Romanesque architecture become a pan-European style of destruction? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the only country in the geographic area that was affected by the development of the Gothic style of architecture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did country borders not affect differences in style within Gothic architecture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which period did regional similarities in Romanesque architecture become even more pronounced? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other country aside from England showed identical architectural style frequently observed everywhere else? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A glacier (US /ˈɡleɪʃər/ or UK /ˈɡlæsiə/) is a persistent body of dense ice that is constantly moving under its own weight; it forms where the accumulation of snow exceeds its ablation (melting and sublimation) over many years, often centuries. Glaciers slowly deform and flow due to stresses induced by their weight, creating crevasses, seracs, and other distinguishing features. They also abrade rock and debris from their substrate to create landforms such as cirques and moraines. Glaciers form only on land and are distinct from the much thinner sea ice and lake ice that form on the surface of bodies of water. Question: How long does it take glaciers to form? Answer: many years, often centuries Question: Do glaciers form on land, in the sea, or a combination of both? Answer: only on land Question: Which types of ice form on a body of water's surface? Answer: sea ice and lake ice Question: What causes glaciers to deform and flow? Answer: stresses induced by their weight Question: What are some distinguishing glacial features? Answer: crevasses, seracs Question: What is a semi-permanent body of ice that moves under its own weight? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What forms were ice accumulates? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What causes glaciers to remain smooth in uniform? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other kinds of ice are thicker than glaciers? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The moratorium ended on January 17, 1977 with the shooting of Gary Gilmore by firing squad in Utah. The first use of the electric chair after the moratorium was the electrocution of John Spenkelink in Florida on May 25, 1979. The first use of the gas chamber after the moratorium was the gassing of Jesse Bishop in Nevada on October 22, 1979. The first use of the gallows after the moratorium was the hanging of Westley Allan Dodd in Washington on January 5, 1993. The first use of lethal injection was on December 7, 1982, when Charles Brooks, Jr., was executed in Texas. Question: Who was executed by firing squad on January 17, 1977? Answer: Gary Gilmore Question: In what state was Gary Gilmore executed? Answer: Utah Question: On what date was John Spenkelink executed? Answer: May 25, 1979 Question: In what state did Jesse Bishop's execution occur? Answer: Nevada Question: How was Charles Brooks, Jr. executed? Answer: lethal injection Question: Who was executed by firing squad on January 17, 1927? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what state was Gary Gilmore freed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: On what date was John Spenkelink freed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what state did Jesse Bishop's freedom ruling occur? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How was Charles Brooks, Jr. freed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On January 13, 1991, Soviet troops, along with the KGB Spetsnaz Alpha Group, stormed the Vilnius TV Tower in Lithuania to suppress the independence movement. Fourteen unarmed civilians were killed and hundreds more injured. On the night of July 31, 1991, Russian OMON from Riga, the Soviet military headquarters in the Baltics, assaulted the Lithuanian border post in Medininkai and killed seven Lithuanian servicemen. This event further weakened the Soviet Union's position internationally and domestically, and stiffened Lithuanian resistance. Question: What was attacked by Soviet troops on January 13? Answer: Vilnius TV Tower Question: Where was the TV Tower located? Answer: Lithuania Question: What were the Soviets hoping to stop? Answer: independence movement Question: How many civilians died in the attack? Answer: Fourteen Question: What was attacked by Russians on July 31? Answer: Lithuanian border post in Medininkai
Context: In the 1950 parliamentary elections, the Wafd Party of el-Nahhas gained a victory—mostly due to the absence of the Muslim Brotherhood, which boycotted the elections—and was perceived as a threat by the Free Officers as the Wafd had campaigned on demands similar to their own. Accusations of corruption against Wafd politicians began to surface, however, breeding an atmosphere of rumor and suspicion that consequently brought the Free Officers to the forefront of Egyptian politics. By then, the organization had expanded to around ninety members; according to Khaled Mohieddin, "nobody knew all of them and where they belonged in the hierarchy except Nasser". Nasser felt that the Free Officers were not ready to move against the government and, for nearly two years, he did little beyond officer recruitment and underground news bulletins. Question: What group boycotted the 1950 elections? Answer: Muslim Brotherhood Question: What party advanced in the 1950 elections? Answer: Wafd Question: What were Wafd members accused of? Answer: corruption Question: What group became prominent in Egyptian politics? Answer: Free Officers Question: How long did Nasser swell the ranks of his Free Officers? Answer: nearly two years
Context: The style of Georgian buildings is very variable, but marked by a taste for symmetry and proportion based on the classical architecture of Greece and Rome, as revived in Renaissance architecture. Ornament is also normally in the classical tradition, but typically rather restrained, and sometimes almost completely absent on the exterior. The period brought the vocabulary of classical architecture to smaller and more modest buildings than had been the case before, replacing English vernacular architecture (or becoming the new vernacular style) for almost all new middle-class homes and public buildings by the end of the period. Question: What classical architecture is Georgian architecture based on? Answer: Greece and Rome Question: What type of architecture did Georgian replace? Answer: English vernacular architecture Question: Where is ornament typically not found in Georgian architecture? Answer: the exterior Question: What does Georgian architecture have a distaste for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is ornament typically found one Georgian architecture? Answer: Unanswerable Question: And what type of architecture is ornament normally not restrained? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of building to do Georgian. Bring Renaissance architecture to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, and later part of the Southwest Territory. Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1, 1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the U.S. Civil War in 1861. Occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war. Question: What government formed in 1772 is considered the forerunner of Tennessee? Answer: Watauga Association Question: What state held territory that would later become part of Tennessee? Answer: North Carolina Question: What date did Tennessee become one of the United States of America? Answer: June 1, 1796 Question: Which was the final state to join the Confederacy before Civil War fighting started? Answer: Tennessee Question: Which of the Confederate states rejoined the Union first when the Civil War concluded? Answer: Tennessee
Context: A few pubs have stage performances such as serious drama, stand-up comedy, musical bands, cabaret or striptease; however juke boxes, karaoke and other forms of pre-recorded music have otherwise replaced the musical tradition of a piano or guitar and singing.[citation needed] Question: Along with cabaret, striptease, bands and drama, what is a type of stage performance that can be found in pubs? Answer: stand-up comedy Question: Along with karaoke, what type of prerecorded music is often found in pubs? Answer: juke boxes
Context: The early track record of the CIA was poor, with the agency unable to provide sufficient intelligence about the Soviet takeovers of Romania and Czechoslovakia, the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the Soviet atomic bomb project. In particular, the agency failed to predict the Chinese entry into the Korean War with 300,000 troops. The famous double agent Kim Philby was the British liaison to American Central Intelligence. Through him the CIA coordinated hundreds of airdrops inside the iron curtain, all compromised by Philby. Arlington Hall, the nerve center of CIA cryptanalysisl was compromised by Bill Weisband, a Russian translator and Soviet spy. The CIA would reuse the tactic of dropping plant agents behind enemy lines by parachute again on China, and North Korea. This too would be fruitless. Question: How many troops did the Chinese enter into the Korean War? Answer: 300,000 Question: Who compromised hundreds of airdrops? Answer: Kim Philby Question: Who was a Russian translator and Soviet Spy? Answer: Bill Weisband
Context: The painters of the early Renaissance used two traditional lake pigments, made from mixing dye with either chalk or alum, kermes lake, made from kermes insects, and madder lake, made from the rubia tinctorum plant. With the arrival of cochineal, they had a third, carmine, which made a very fine crimson, though it had a tendency to change color if not used carefully. It was used by almost all the great painters of the 15th and 16th centuries, including Rembrandt, Vermeer, Rubens, Anthony van Dyck, Diego Velázquez and Tintoretto. Later it was used by Thomas Gainsborough, Seurat and J.M.W. Turner. Question: What was kermes lake made from? Answer: kermes insects Question: What was madder lake made from? Answer: rubia tinctorum plant Question: What did Renaissance painters call the pigment made from cochineal? Answer: carmine Question: During what century did carmine start to see use? Answer: 15th Question: What would to the carmine pigment if not used diligently? Answer: change color Question: What was used by all painters? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who were the great painters of the 15th century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What 16th century painters used carmine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did J.W.M Turner use? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Bulgarian Empire was in decline by the 14th century, and the ascendancy of Serbia was marked by the Serbian victory over the Bulgarians in the Battle of Velbazhd in 1330. By 1346, the Serbian king Stefan Dušan had been proclaimed emperor. Yet Serbian dominance was short-lived; the Serbian army led by the Lazar Hrebljevanovic was defeated by the Ottomans at the Battle of Kosovo in 1389, where most of the Serbian nobility was killed and the south of the country came under Ottoman occupation, as much of southern Bulgaria had become Ottoman territory in 1371. Northern remnants of Bulgaria were finally conquered by 1396, Serbia fell in 1459, Bosnia in 1463, and Albania was finally subordinated in 1479 only a few years after the death of Skanderbeg. Belgrade, an Hungarian domain at the time, was the last large Balkan city to fall under Ottoman rule, in 1521. By the end of the medieval period, the entire Balkan peninsula was annexed by, or became vassal to, the Ottomans. Question: In what year did Belgrade fall to the Ottomans? Answer: 1521 Question: Who led led the Serbian Army at the Battle of Kosovo? Answer: Lazar Hrebljevanovic Question: In what year was the Battle of Kosovo? Answer: 1389 Question: What event resulted in the triumph of Serbia over Bulgaria in 1330? Answer: Battle of Velbazhd Question: Which country was conquered by the Ottomans in 1479? Answer: Albania Question: In what year didn't Belgrade fall to the Ottomans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who never led the Serbian Army at the Battle of Kosovo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year wasn't the Battle of Kosovo? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What event resulted in the triumph of Serbia over Bulgaria in 1303? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which country wasn't conquered by the Ottomans in 1479? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some computers are designed to distribute their work across several CPUs in a multiprocessing configuration, a technique once employed only in large and powerful machines such as supercomputers, mainframe computers and servers. Multiprocessor and multi-core (multiple CPUs on a single integrated circuit) personal and laptop computers are now widely available, and are being increasingly used in lower-end markets as a result. Question: Multiprocessor and multi-core computers have multiples of what? Answer: CPUs
Context: The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a series of political upheavals throughout the European continent. Described as a revolutionary wave, the period of unrest began in France and then, further propelled by the French Revolution of 1848, soon spread to the rest of Europe. Although most of the revolutions were quickly put down, there was a significant amount of violence in many areas, with tens of thousands of people tortured and killed. While the immediate political effects of the revolutions were reversed, the long-term reverberations of the events were far-reaching. Question: When did the European revolutions occur? Answer: 1848 Question: What are European revolutions known as in other countries? Answer: Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution Question: In what country did the revolutions begin? Answer: France Question: How many people were estimated to be killed in the revolutions? Answer: tens of thousands
Context: The Polish nobility differed in many respects from the nobility of other countries. The most important difference was that, while in most European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy, in Poland the reverse process occurred: the nobility actually gained power at the expense of the king, and the political system evolved into an oligarchy. Question: What was different between the polish nobility and others? Answer: European countries the nobility lost power as the ruler strove for absolute monarchy Question: What happened to nobility at expense of the king? Answer: actually gained power Question: What did the political system eventually evolve into? Answer: oligarchy Question: What did the ruler strive for? Answer: absolute monarchy
Context: Early recordings were made entirely acoustically, the sound being collected by a horn and piped to a diaphragm, which vibrated the cutting stylus. Sensitivity and frequency range were poor, and frequency response was very irregular, giving acoustic recordings an instantly recognizable tonal quality. A singer practically had to put his or her face in the recording horn. Lower-pitched orchestral instruments such as cellos and double basses were often doubled (or replaced) by louder wind instruments, such as tubas. Standard violins in orchestral ensembles were commonly replaced by Stroh violins, which became popular with recording studios. Question: What were two drawback of early recordings? Answer: Sensitivity and frequency range were poor Question: How would one make to early recordings? Answer: face in the recording horn Question: What types of violins worked best with early recordings? Answer: Stroh violins Question: What instruments did not record well? Answer: Lower-pitched orchestral instruments Question: How was the frequency response in early recordings? Answer: very irregular
Context: A generation later, the Irish Anglican bishop, George Berkeley (1685–1753), determined that Locke's view immediately opened a door that would lead to eventual atheism. In response to Locke, he put forth in his Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge (1710) an important challenge to empiricism in which things only exist either as a result of their being perceived, or by virtue of the fact that they are an entity doing the perceiving. (For Berkeley, God fills in for humans by doing the perceiving whenever humans are not around to do it.) In his text Alciphron, Berkeley maintained that any order humans may see in nature is the language or handwriting of God. Berkeley's approach to empiricism would later come to be called subjective idealism. Question: Who wrote 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge'? Answer: George Berkeley Question: When was 'Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge' published? Answer: 1710 Question: What religion was George Berkeley? Answer: Anglican Question: What nationality was George Berkeley? Answer: Irish Question: Who wrote 'Alciphron'? Answer: George Berkeley Question: When was Alciphron published? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Locke's religion? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who responded to George Berkeley? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Whom did Locke claim created order? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: To Secure These Rights also called for desegregation of the Armed Forces. "Prejudice in any area is an ugly, undemocratic phenomenon, but in the armed services, where all men run the risk of death, it is especially repugnant." The rationale was fairness: "When an individual enters the service of the country, he necessarily surrenders some of the rights and privileges which are inherent in American citizenship." In return, the government "undertakes to protect his integrity as an individual." Yet that was not possible in the segregated Army, since "any discrimination which…prevents members of the minority groups from rendering full military service in defense of their country is for them a humiliating badge of inferiority." The report called for an end to "all discrimination and segregation based on race, color, creed, or national origins in…all branches of the Armed Services.":38–39 Question: The "To Secure These Rights" findings wanted desegregation of which institution? Answer: Armed Forces Question: Which risk associated with serving was specifically highlighted by the findings? Answer: death Question: What did the findings say occurred to an individual when he enters the armed services? Answer: surrenders some of the rights and privileges Question: Discrimination that prevented minorities from serving their country to the best of their abilities was seen as what? Answer: a humiliating badge of inferiority Question: The "To Secure These Rights" findings did not want desegregation of which institution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which risk associated with serving wasn't specifically highlighted by the findings? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the findings say occurred to an individual when he leaves the armed services? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Discrimination that prevented minorities from serving their country to the best of their abilities wasn't seen as what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Until this time the British, at RAF insistence, continued their World War I use of machine guns, and introduced twin MG mountings for AAAD. The army was forbidden from considering anything larger than .50-inch. However, in 1935 their trials showed that the minimum effective round was an impact fused 2 lb HE shell. The following year they decided to adopt the Bofors 40 mm and a twin barrel Vickers 2-pdr (40 mm) on a modified naval mount. The air-cooled Bofors was vastly superior for land use, being much lighter than the water-cooled pom-pom, and UK production of the Bofors 40 mm was licensed. The Predictor AA No 3, as the Kerrison Predictor was officially known, was introduced with it. Question: Who wanted the British to keep using machine guns in World War I? Answer: RAF Question: The military was not allowed to use anything that was bigger than what? Answer: .50-inch Question: What was determined to be the smallest effective round in 1935? Answer: an impact fused 2 lb HE shell Question: What was lighter than the water-cooled pom-pom? Answer: The air-cooled Bofors Question: What is the Kerrison Predictor's official name? Answer: The Predictor AA No 3
Context: In 2004, a large share of natural gas reserves in Iran were untapped. The addition of new hydroelectric stations and the streamlining of conventional coal and oil-fired stations increased installed capacity to 33,000 megawatts. Of that amount, about 75% was based on natural gas, 18% on oil, and 7% on hydroelectric power. In 2004, Iran opened its first wind-powered and geothermal plants, and the first solar thermal plant is to come online in 2009. Iran is the third country in the world to have developed GTL technology. Question: When did Iran open its first wind-powered plants? Answer: 2004 Question: When did Iran open its first geothermal plants? Answer: 2004 Question: How much did Iran's installed capacity of power increase to after it added new hydroelectric power in 2004? Answer: 33,000 megawatts Question: How much of Iran's 33k megawatt installed capacity was based on natural gas? Answer: 75% Question: How much of Iran's 33k megawatt installed capacity was based on oil? Answer: 18%
Context: Institute of Medicine, the central college of Tribhuwan University is the first medical college of Nepal and is located in Maharajgunj, Kathmandu. It was established in 1972 and started to impart medical education from 1978. A number of medical colleges including Kathmandu Medical College, Nepal Medical College, KIST Medical College, Nepal Army Institute of Health Sciences, National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS) and Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences (KUSMS), are also located in or around Kathmandu. Question: Of what university is the Institute of Medicine a constituent college? Answer: Tribhuwan Question: In what part of Kathmandu is the Institute of Medicine found? Answer: Maharajgunj Question: When did the Institute of Medicine begin to offer education in medicine? Answer: 1978 Question: What does KUSMS stand for? Answer: Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences Question: What institution of tertiary education is known as NAMS? Answer: National Academy of Medical Sciences
Context: E 122nd Street runs four blocks (2,250 feet (690 m)) west from the intersection of Second Avenue and terminates at the intersection of Madison Avenue at Marcus Garvey Memorial Park. This segment runs in East Harlem and crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park (Fourth Avenue). Question: How many blocks west of Second Avenue does E 122nd Street run? Answer: four Question: At which park does E 122nd Street end? Answer: Marcus Garvey Memorial Park Question: At which intersection does E 122nd Street terminate? Answer: Madison Avenue Question: What is another name for Fourth Avenue? Answer: Park Question: A segment of what road crosses portions of Third Avenue, Lexington, and Park and runs in East Harlem? Answer: E 122nd Street
Context: Romanesque art, especially metalwork, was at its most sophisticated in Mosan art, in which distinct artistic personalities including Nicholas of Verdun (d. 1205) become apparent, and an almost classical style is seen in works such as a font at Liège, contrasting with the writhing animals of the exactly contemporary Gloucester Candlestick. Large illuminated bibles and psalters were the typical forms of luxury manuscripts, and wall-painting flourished in churches, often following a scheme with a Last Judgement on the west wall, a Christ in Majesty at the east end, and narrative biblical scenes down the nave, or in the best surviving example, at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe, on the barrel-vaulted roof. Question: Who was a noted figure in Mosan art? Answer: Nicholas of Verdun Question: What year saw the death of Nicholas of Verdun? Answer: 1205 Question: On what wall of a church was the Last Judgment typically painted? Answer: west Question: Where are narrative biblical scenes painted in the church at Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe? Answer: on the barrel-vaulted roof Question: What notable Romanesque metalwork is named for Gloucester? Answer: Gloucester Candlestick
Context: Public schools in Raleigh are operated by the Wake County Public School System. Observers have praised the Wake County Public School System for its innovative efforts to maintain a socially, economically and racial balanced system by using income as a prime factor in assigning students to schools. Raleigh is home to three magnet high schools and three high schools offering the International Baccalaureate program. There are four early college high schools in Raleigh. Raleigh also has two alternative high schools. Question: Who operates the public schools in Raleigh? Answer: Wake County Public School System Question: What is the school system praised for? Answer: innovative efforts to maintain a socially, economically and racial balanced system Question: How many magnet schools are there in Raleigh? Answer: three Question: What type of degree can you get from a high school in Raleigh? Answer: International Baccalaureate Question: Does Raleigh have alternate high schools? Answer: Raleigh also has two alternative high schools. Question: What is the private school name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the school system criticized for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What college can you get a International Baccalaureate from? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many non-magnet schools are in Raleigh? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many non-alternative high schools are there? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Twilight Princess was released to universal critical acclaim and commercial success. It received perfect scores from major publications such as 1UP.com, Computer and Video Games, Electronic Gaming Monthly, Game Informer, GamesRadar, and GameSpy. On the review aggregators GameRankings and Metacritic, Twilight Princess has average scores of 95% and 95 for the Wii version and scores of 95% and 96 for the GameCube version. GameTrailers in their review called it one of the greatest games ever created. Question: What kind of scores did Twilight Princess receive from many video game review sources? Answer: perfect Question: Which sites gave the Wii copy of Twilight Princess scores of 95% and 95? Answer: GameRankings and Metacritic Question: Who counted the game among the best ever made? Answer: GameTrailers Question: What was the reception of Twilight Princess? Answer: universal critical acclaim Question: What scores did it receive from major game publications? Answer: perfect Question: What is the average score of Twilight Princess on Metacritic? Answer: 95 Question: What reviewer called Twilight Princess "One of the greatest games ever created"? Answer: GameTrailers Question: What kind of scores did GameTrailers receive from many video game review sources? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which sites gave the Wii copy of GameTrailers scores of 97% and 95? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who counted Gamespy among the best ever made? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the reception of GameTrailers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What scores did GameTrailers receive from major game publications? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In Eastern Europe, Byzantium revived its fortunes under Emperor Basil I (r. 867–886) and his successors Leo VI (r. 886–912) and Constantine VII (r. 913–959), members of the Macedonian dynasty. Commerce revived and the emperors oversaw the extension of a uniform administration to all the provinces. The military was reorganised, which allowed the emperors John I (r. 969–976) and Basil II (r. 976–1025) to expand the frontiers of the empire on all fronts. The imperial court was the centre of a revival of classical learning, a process known as the Macedonian Renaissance. Writers such as John Geometres (fl. early 10th century) composed new hymns, poems, and other works. Missionary efforts by both eastern and western clergy resulted in the conversion of the Moravians, Bulgars, Bohemians, Poles, Magyars, and Slavic inhabitants of the Kievan Rus'. These conversions contributed to the founding of political states in the lands of those peoples—the states of Moravia, Bulgaria, Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, and the Kievan Rus'. Bulgaria, which was founded around 680, at its height reached from Budapest to the Black Sea and from the Dnieper River in modern Ukraine to the Adriatic Sea. By 1018, the last Bulgarian nobles had surrendered to the Byzantine Empire. Question: Of what dynasty was Leo VI a member? Answer: Macedonian Question: During what period did Constantine VII reign? Answer: 913–959 Question: When did Basil I's rule begin? Answer: 867 Question: During what century did John Geometres flourish? Answer: 10th Question: In approximately what year was Bulgaria founded? Answer: 680
Context: MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III, more commonly referred to as MP3, is an audio coding format for digital audio which uses a form of lossy data compression. It is a common audio format for consumer audio streaming or storage, as well as a de facto standard of digital audio compression for the transfer and playback of music on most digital audio players. Question: What is the common name for MPEG-2 Audio Layer III? Answer: MP3 Question: What kind of audio is the coding format for? Answer: digital Question: Other than storage, what is the common audio format used for? Answer: consumer audio streaming Question: What does MP3 use to format it's data? Answer: lossy data compression Question: Where will MP3 files most commonly be found? Answer: digital audio players
Context: Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, and The Jeff Beck Group. Cream, in songs like "I Feel Free" (1966) combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock and roll. From 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group. Dave Davies of The Kinks, Keith Richards of The Rolling Stones, Pete Townshend of The Who, Hendrix, Clapton and Beck all pioneered the use of new guitar effects like phasing, feedback and distortion. The Beatles began producing songs in the new hard rock style beginning with the White Album in 1968 and, with the track "Helter Skelter", attempted to create a greater level of noise than the Who. Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic has described the "proto-metal roar" of "Helter Skelter," while Ian MacDonald argued that "their attempts at emulating the heavy style were without exception embarrassing." Question: Who was the guitarist for the band Cream? Answer: Eric Clapton Question: Who was the guitarist in the Kinks? Answer: Dave Davies Question: Who played guitar in The Who? Answer: Pete Townshend Question: When did The White Album come out? Answer: 1968 Question: Keith Richards is the guitarist of what band? Answer: The Rolling Stones Question: Who was a hard rock act that pioneered the blues sound? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did The Jeff Beck Group record I Feel Free? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which artist combined blues rock and psychedelia leaving out elements of jazz? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who produced a form of psychedelic-influenced blues? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What artist avoided the use of distortion and pioneered new guitar effects? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Humans would also have derived enormous benefit from the dogs associated with their camps. For instance, dogs would have improved sanitation by cleaning up food scraps. Dogs may have provided warmth, as referred to in the Australian Aboriginal expression "three dog night" (an exceptionally cold night), and they would have alerted the camp to the presence of predators or strangers, using their acute hearing to provide an early warning. Question: What did dogs clean up to help with keeping habitations of people clean? Answer: food scraps. Question: What do Australian aborigines call a frigid night? Answer: three dog night Question: What did a dog's good hearing help humans with? Answer: early warning. Question: How could dogs have helped with sanitation issues in camps? Answer: cleaning up food scraps Question: What is the Australian Aboriginal expression that indicates a very cold night? Answer: three dog night
Context: During the 11th and 12th centuries the Catalan rulers expanded up to north of the Ebro river, and in the 13th century they conquered the Land of Valencia and the Balearic Islands. The city of Alghero in Sardinia was repopulated with Catalan speakers in the 14th century. The language also reached Murcia, which became Spanish-speaking in the 15th century. Question: When did Catalan rulers broaden their territory to north of the Ebro River? Answer: 11th and 12th centuries Question: When did the Catalan rulers take over Valencia and the Balearic Islands? Answer: 13th century Question: When Catalan reach Sardinia? Answer: 14th century Question: Where did the Catalan language reach in the 15th century? Answer: Murcia Question: When did Murcia become Spanish speaking? Answer: 15th century
Context: The Alpine region has a strong cultural identity. The traditional culture of farming, cheesemaking, and woodworking still exists in Alpine villages, although the tourist industry began to grow early in the 20th century and expanded greatly after World War II to become the dominant industry by the end of the century. The Winter Olympic Games have been hosted in the Swiss, French, Italian, Austrian and German Alps. At present the region is home to 14 million people and has 120 million annual visitors. Question: The alps is home to how many people? Answer: 14 million people Question: How many visitors go to the Alps annually? Answer: 120 million Question: What is the dominant industry in the Alpine region? Answer: tourist industry
Context: A sound generated on any instrument produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously. A listener hears numerous frequencies at once. The vibration with the lowest frequency is called the fundamental frequency; the other frequencies are overtones. Harmonics are an important class of overtones with frequencies that are integer multiples of the fundamental. Whether or not the higher frequencies are integer multiples, they are collectively called the partials, referring to the different parts that make up the total spectrum. Question: This produces many modes of vibration that occur simultaneously? Answer: sound generated Question: A listener can hear how many frequencies at once? Answer: numerous Question: Harmonics are an important class of what? Answer: overtones Question: Integer multiples are collectively called? Answer: the partials
Context: On December 30, 1922, with the creation of the Soviet Union, Russia became one of six republics within the federation of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The final Soviet name for the republic, the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, was adopted in the Soviet Constitution of 1936. By that time, Soviet Russia had gained roughly the same borders of the old Tsardom of Russia before the Great Northern War of 1700. Question: When was the Soviet Union created? Answer: December 30, 1922 Question: How many republics were in the USSR? Answer: six Question: What name for Russia was listed in the Soviet Constitution? Answer: the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Question: When did the Soviet Union include the final Russian name for its republic in the Constitution? Answer: 1936 Question: In which war was Russia involved in 1700? Answer: the Great Northern War Question: On what date was the Soviet Union created? Answer: December 30, 1922 Question: How many republics made up the USSR by the end of 1922? Answer: six Question: In what year was the name Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic adopted? Answer: 1936 Question: What document renamed the country the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic? Answer: Soviet Constitution of 1936 Question: In what year was the Great Northern War fought? Answer: 1700 Question: When was the Soviet Union destroyed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many republics weren't in the USSR? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What name for Russia wasn't listed in the Soviet Constitution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Soviet Union disclude the final Russian name for its republic in the Constitution? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which war was Russia involved in 1710? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: For administrative purposes, the Federal District is divided into 16 "delegaciones" or boroughs. While not fully equivalent to a municipality, the 16 boroughs have gained significant autonomy, and since 2000 their heads of government are elected directly by plurality (they were previously appointed by the head of government of the Federal District). Given that Mexico City is organized entirely as a Federal District, most of the city services are provided or organized by the Government of the Federal District and not by the boroughs themselves, while in the constituent states these services would be provided by the municipalities. The 16 boroughs of the Federal District with their 2010 populations are: Question: How many boroughs make up Mexico City? Answer: 16 Question: How are the heads of the boroughs elected? Answer: plurality Question: How were the heads of the boroughs originally established? Answer: appointed by the head of government of the Federal District Question: Who provides the city services? Answer: Government of the Federal District Question: When did election of borough heads begin? Answer: 2000
Context: Despite delays in some countries, the number of European HD channels and viewers has risen steadily since the first HDTV broadcasts, with SES's annual Satellite Monitor market survey for 2010 reporting more than 200 commercial channels broadcasting in HD from Astra satellites, 185 million HD capable TVs sold in Europe (£60 million in 2010 alone), and 20 million households (27% of all European digital satellite TV homes) watching HD satellite broadcasts (16 million via Astra satellites). Question: According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many HD capable TV's were sold in Europe? Answer: 185 million Question: According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many European households were watching HD broadcasts? Answer: 20 million Question: How many pounds were spent in Europe on HD capable TVs in 2010? Answer: £60 million Question: What percentage of European digital satellite TV homes were watching HD broadcasts in 2010? Answer: 27% Question: The number of European HD channels and viewers has done what since the first HDTV broadcasts? Answer: risen steadily Question: According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many SD capable TV's were sold in Europe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: According to the 2010 Satellite Monitor market survey, how many European households were watching SD broadcasts? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many pounds were spent in Europe on SD capable TVs in 2010? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of European digital satellite TV homes were watching SD broadcasts in 2010? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The number of European HD channels and viewers has done what since the first SDTV broadcasts? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Melbourne has an integrated public transport system based around extensive train, tram, bus and taxi systems. Flinders Street Station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1927 and Melbourne's tram network overtook Sydney's to become the world's largest in the 1940s, at which time 25% of travellers used public transport but by 2003 it had declined to just 7.6%. The public transport system was privatised in 1999, symbolising the peak of the decline. Despite privatisation and successive governments persisting with auto-centric urban development into the 21st century, there have since been large increases in public transport patronage, with the mode share for commuters increasing to 14.8% and 8.4% of all trips. A target of 20% public transport mode share for Melbourne by 2020 was set by the state government in 2006. Since 2006 public transport patronage has grown by over 20%. Question: Which rail station was the world's busiest passenger station in 1927? Answer: Flinders Street Station Question: In the 1940s, what percentage of travellers used public transport? Answer: 25% Question: In 2003, what percentage of travellers used public transport? Answer: 7.6% Question: In what year was the public transport system privatised? Answer: 1999 Question: What was the target percentage of public transport mode share that was set by the state government in 2006? Answer: 20%
Context: In Chapter II, Darwin specifies that the distinction between species and varieties is arbitrary, with experts disagreeing and changing their decisions when new forms were found. He concludes that "a well-marked variety may be justly called an incipient species" and that "species are only strongly marked and permanent varieties". He argues for the ubiquity of variation in nature. Historians have noted that naturalists had long been aware that the individuals of a species differed from one another, but had generally considered such variations to be limited and unimportant deviations from the archetype of each species, that archetype being a fixed ideal in the mind of God. Darwin and Wallace made variation among individuals of the same species central to understanding the natural world. Question: What does Darwin believe about the differences between species and varieties? Answer: is arbitrary Question: What does Darwin theorize about different species with regard to variety? Answer: "species are only strongly marked and permanent varieties" Question: What did Darwin and Wallace make central to understanding the natural world? Answer: variation among individuals of the same species Question: What did Darwin say that a "well marked variety" could be called? Answer: incipient species" Question: What did historians say that naturalists generally thought about the differences in variations in a species? Answer: generally considered such variations to be limited and unimportant deviations from the archetype of each species
Context: From about 1800 a fresh influx of Greek architectural examples, seen through the medium of etchings and engravings, gave a new impetus to neoclassicism, the Greek Revival. There was little to no direct knowledge of Greek civilization before the middle of the 18th century in Western Europe, when an expedition funded by the Society of Dilettanti in 1751 and led by James Stuart and Nicholas Revett began serious archaeological enquiry. Stuart was commissioned after his return from Greece by George Lyttelton to produce the first Greek building in England, the garden temple at Hagley Hall (1758–59). A number of British architects in the second half of the century took up the expressive challenge of the Doric from their aristocratic patrons, including Joseph Bonomi and John Soane, but it was to remain the private enthusiasm of connoisseurs up to the first decade of the 19th century. Question: From around 1800 an influx of etchings and engravings came from where? Answer: Greek architectural Question: What was this new phase of neoclassicism? Answer: Greek Revival Question: Prior to what century had there been little contact between western europe and greek civilization? Answer: 18th century Question: Who led an expedition to Greece in 1751? Answer: James Stuart and Nicholas Revett Question: What was the first Greek building in England? Answer: garden temple at Hagley Hall (1758–59) Question: What influenced neoclassicism during the eighteenth century? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What had there been very little of in Western Europe prior to the 1800s? Answer: Unanswerable Question: I don't know: what was George Lyttelton commission to produce? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the final phase of neoclassicism Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the first Greek building in Western Europe? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Feeding structures in the mouth region vary widely, and have little correlation with the animals' diets. Many polychaetes have a muscular pharynx that can be everted (turned inside out to extend it). In these animals the foremost few segments often lack septa so that, when the muscles in these segments contract, the sharp increase in fluid pressure from all these segments everts the pharynx very quickly. Two families, the Eunicidae and Phyllodocidae, have evolved jaws, which can be used for seizing prey, biting off pieces of vegetation, or grasping dead and decaying matter. On the other hand, some predatory polychaetes have neither jaws nor eversible pharynges. Selective deposit feeders generally live in tubes on the sea-floor and use palps to find food particles in the sediment and then wipe them into their mouths. Filter feeders use "crowns" of palps covered in cilia that wash food particles towards their mouths. Non-selective deposit feeders ingest soil or marine sediments via mouths that are generally unspecialized. Some clitellates have sticky pads in the roofs of their mouths, and some of these can evert the pads to capture prey. Leeches often have an eversible proboscis, or a muscular pharynx with two or three teeth. Question: What does 'everted' mean? Answer: turned inside out to extend Question: What part of a polychaete can be everted? Answer: pharynx Question: What types of annelids have evolved jaws? Answer: Eunicidae and Phyllodocidae Question: What do annelids use jaws for? Answer: seizing prey, biting off pieces of vegetation, or grasping dead and decaying matter Question: What do some annelids have 'crowns' of? Answer: palps covered in cilia Question: What part of a polychaete can be inverted? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What types of annelids are missing jaws? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do annelids use robots for? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do some annelids have 'trophies' of? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In the United Kingdom, a bill is presented for royal assent after it has passed all the required stages in both the House of Commons and the House of Lords. Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the House of Commons may, under certain circumstances, direct that a bill be presented for assent despite lack of passage by the House of Lords. Officially, assent is granted by the sovereign or by Lords Commissioners authorised to act by letters patent. It may be granted in parliament or outside parliament; in the latter case, each house must be separately notified before the bill takes effect. Question: Which Houses in the UK must approve a bill before it is assented? Answer: House of Commons and the House of Lords Question: Which Parliamentary Acts allow a bill to be presented for assent even after the House of Lords has refused it? Answer: Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949 Question: Who can be authorized to grant assent by letters patent? Answer: the sovereign or by Lords Commissioners Question: What is presented for royal assent in the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Under the Parliament Acts of 1917 and 1949, the House of Commons may do what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Unofficially, assent is granted how? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Each house must be notified jointly before what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Hume maintained that all knowledge, even the most basic beliefs about the natural world, cannot be conclusively established by reason. Rather, he maintained, our beliefs are more a result of accumulated habits, developed in response to accumulated sense experiences. Among his many arguments Hume also added another important slant to the debate about scientific method — that of the problem of induction. Hume argued that it requires inductive reasoning to arrive at the premises for the principle of inductive reasoning, and therefore the justification for inductive reasoning is a circular argument. Among Hume's conclusions regarding the problem of induction is that there is no certainty that the future will resemble the past. Thus, as a simple instance posed by Hume, we cannot know with certainty by inductive reasoning that the sun will continue to rise in the East, but instead come to expect it to do so because it has repeatedly done so in the past. Question: What did Hume think our beliefs are? Answer: a result of accumulated habits, developed in response to accumulated sense experiences Question: What did Hume think our beliefs can't be established solely by? Answer: reason Question: What did Hume think is a circular argument? Answer: the justification for inductive reasoning Question: What did Hume say we can't know by inductive reasoning? Answer: that the sun will continue to rise in the East Question: Why did Hume say we expect the sun to rise? Answer: because it has repeatedly done so in the past Question: Who invented the circular argument? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why does Hume say we can know the sun will rise in the east? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did problem of the scientific method did Hume solve? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where does Hume say the sun sets? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Humes argues there is no way to know the past will be like what? Answer: Unanswerable

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