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Context: The formal study of adolescent psychology began with the publication of G. Stanley Hall's "Adolescence in 1904." Hall, who was the first president of the American Psychological Association, viewed adolescence primarily as a time of internal turmoil and upheaval (sturm und drang). This understanding of youth was based on two then new ways of understanding human behavior: Darwin's evolutionary theory and Freud's psychodynamic theory. He believed that adolescence was a representation of our human ancestors' phylogenetic shift from being primitive to being civilized. Hall's assertions stood relatively uncontested until the 1950s when psychologists such as Erik Erikson and Anna Freud started to formulate their theories about adolescence. Freud believed that the psychological disturbances associated with youth were biologically based and culturally universal while Erikson focused on the dichotomy between identity formation and role fulfillment. Even with their different theories, these three psychologists agreed that adolescence was inherently a time of disturbance and psychological confusion. The less turbulent aspects of adolescence, such as peer relations and cultural influence, were left largely ignored until the 1980s. From the '50s until the '80s, the focus of the field was mainly on describing patterns of behavior as opposed to explaining them. Question: Who was the first president of the American Psychological Association? Answer: G. Stanley Hall Question: What was the title of the publication that started the formal study of adolescent psychology? Answer: Adolescence in 1904 Question: From the '50s to the '80s, was the field's focus devoted to describing patterns of behavior or explaining them? Answer: describing Question: Which theorist is known for his beliefs on evolution? Answer: Darwin
Context: In physics, degenerate matter refers to the ground state of a gas of fermions at a temperature near absolute zero. The Pauli exclusion principle requires that only two fermions can occupy a quantum state, one spin-up and the other spin-down. Hence, at zero temperature, the fermions fill up sufficient levels to accommodate all the available fermions—and in the case of many fermions, the maximum kinetic energy (called the Fermi energy) and the pressure of the gas becomes very large, and depends on the number of fermions rather than the temperature, unlike normal states of matter. Question: What is the name of the principle for the ground state of gas? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What depends on the temperature at absolute zero? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the minimum kinetic energy called? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What shrinks to accommodate fermions? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the pressure of the gas called? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Barcelona is the only European club to have played continental football every season since 1955, and one of three clubs to have never been relegated from La Liga, along with Athletic Bilbao and Real Madrid. In 2009, Barcelona became the first club in Spain to win the treble consisting of La Liga, Copa del Rey, and the Champions League. That same year, it also became the first football club ever to win six out of six competitions in a single year, thus completing the sextuple, comprising the aforementioned treble and the Spanish Super Cup, UEFA Super Cup and FIFA Club World Cup. In the 2014–15 season, Barcelona won another historic treble, making them the first club in European football to win the treble twice. Question: When did Barcelona become the first Spanish team to win the treble competitions? Answer: 2009 Question: In 2009 Barcelona became the first team to win six of six competitions in what span of time? Answer: single year Question: What European football team has won the treble twice? Answer: Barcelona Question: During which football season did Barcelona win its second treble? Answer: 2014–15 Question: What team has played continental football every season since 1955? Answer: Barcelona
Context: Visual anthropology is concerned, in part, with the study and production of ethnographic photography, film and, since the mid-1990s, new media. While the term is sometimes used interchangeably with ethnographic film, visual anthropology also encompasses the anthropological study of visual representation, including areas such as performance, museums, art, and the production and reception of mass media. Visual representations from all cultures, such as sandpaintings, tattoos, sculptures and reliefs, cave paintings, scrimshaw, jewelry, hieroglyphics, paintings and photographs are included in the focus of visual anthropology. Question: What type of anthropology concerns itself with the study of photography and film? Answer: Visual Question: What are performances, art, and the production of mass media grouped under? Answer: visual representation Question: What cultures' visual representations are included in visual anthropology? Answer: all Question: What term is visual anthropology sometimes used interchangeably with? Answer: ethnographic film Question: What type of anthropology involves photographers? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of representation does ethnographic film study? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What term has replaced Visual anthropology? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At the decision-making point of their lives, youth is susceptible to drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities. Developmental Intervention Science (DIS) is a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences. This association conducts youth interventions that mutually assist both the needs of the community as well as psychologically stranded youth by focusing on risky and inappropriate behaviors while promoting positive self-development along with self-esteem among adolescents. Question: What is DIS? Answer: a fusion of the literature of both developmental and intervention sciences Question: What are some of the negative things adolescents are susceptible to? Answer: drug addiction, sexual abuse, peer pressure, violent crimes and other illegal activities Question: What does the DIS focus on in adolescents? Answer: risky and inappropriate behaviors
Context: Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. was Director of the Science Museum and the Library and Professor of Chemistry and Physics until 1874. Carrier taught that scientific research and its promise for progress were not antagonistic to the ideals of intellectual and moral culture endorsed by the Church. One of Carrier's students was Father John Augustine Zahm (1851–1921) who was made Professor and Co-Director of the Science Department at age 23 and by 1900 was a nationally prominent scientist and naturalist. Zahm was active in the Catholic Summer School movement, which introduced Catholic laity to contemporary intellectual issues. His book Evolution and Dogma (1896) defended certain aspects of evolutionary theory as true, and argued, moreover, that even the great Church teachers Thomas Aquinas and Augustine taught something like it. The intervention of Irish American Catholics in Rome prevented Zahm's censure by the Vatican. In 1913, Zahm and former President Theodore Roosevelt embarked on a major expedition through the Amazon. Question: What person was the Director of the Science Museum at Notre Dame in the late 19th century? Answer: Father Joseph Carrier, C.S.C. Question: What professorship did Father Josh Carrier hold at Notre Dame? Answer: Professor of Chemistry and Physics Question: What was the lifespan of John Augustine Zahm? Answer: 1851–1921 Question: What program did John Augustine Zahm come to co-direct at Nore Dame? Answer: the Science Department Question: What book did John Zahm write in 1896? Answer: Evolution and Dogma
Context: Many of the U.S. Air Force's formal and informal traditions are an amalgamation of those taken from the Royal Air Force (e.g., dining-ins/mess nights) or the experiences of its predecessor organizations such as the U.S. Army Air Service, U.S. Army Air Corps and the U.S. Army Air Forces. Some of these traditions range from "Friday Name Tags" in flying units to an annual "Mustache Month." The use of "challenge coins" is a recent innovation that was adopted from the U.S. Army while another cultural tradition unique to the Air Force is the "roof stomp", practiced by Air Force members to welcome a new commander or to commemorate another event, such as a retirement. Question: Where did some of the US Air Force traditions come from? Answer: Royal Air Force Question: What traditions does the US Air Force have? Answer: "Friday Name Tags" in flying units Question: What organization did the US Air Force adopt "Challenge Coins" from? Answer: U.S. Army Question: What does the roof stomp tradition signify in the US Air Force? Answer: welcome a new commander or to commemorate another event, such as a retirement
Context: There is some controversy surrounding the effect of dietary fat on the development of cardiovascular disease. People are often advised to keep a diet where less than 30% of the energy intake derives from fat, a diet that contains less than 7% of the energy intake in the form of saturated fat, and a diet that contains less than 300 mg/day of cholesterol. Replacing saturated with mono- polyunsaturated fat is also recommended, as the consumption of polyunsaturated fat instead of saturated fat may decrease coronary heart disease. Olive oil, rapeseed oil and related products are to be used instead of saturated fat. Question: How many mg of fat is suggested for a healthy person's diet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of mono-polyunsaturated fat should make up a person's daily energy requirements? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is a good replacement for olive oil? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Nutritionists recommend an intake of more than 30% of what in one's diet? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What controversy have dieticians largely settled? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The standing wave forms with this desired pattern at the design frequency, f0, and antennas are normally designed to be this size. However, feeding that element with 3f0 (whose wavelength is 1⁄3 that of f0) will also lead to a standing wave pattern. Thus, an antenna element is also resonant when its length is 3⁄4 of a wavelength. This is true for all odd multiples of 1⁄4 wavelength. This allows some flexibility of design in terms of antenna lengths and feed points. Antennas used in such a fashion are known to be harmonically operated. Question: What frequency are antennas normally designed to be? Answer: f0 Question: What can be added to f0 to create a standing wave pattern? Answer: 3f0 Question: What multiple is essential for wavelengths? Answer: 1⁄4 Question: How are waves which are used in the ways discussed controlled? Answer: harmonically
Context: Philip II was a strong and expansionist king and he took every opportunity to expand Macedonian territory. In 352 BC he annexed Thessaly and Magnesia. In 338 BC, Philip defeated a combined Theban and Athenian army at the Battle of Chaeronea after a decade of desultory conflict. In the aftermath, Philip formed the League of Corinth, effectively bringing the majority of Greece under his direct sway. He was elected Hegemon of the league, and a campaign against the Achaemenid Empire of Persia was planned. However, while this campaign was in its early stages, he was assassinated. Question: When did King Philip the II annex Thessaly and Magnesia? Answer: 352 BC Question: Who annexed Thessaly and Magnesia? Answer: Philip II Question: When was the Battle of Chaeronea? Answer: 338 BC Question: Who formed the League of Corinth? Answer: Philip Question: Who was Philip II planning a campaign against when he was assasinated? Answer: Achaemenid Empire of Persia
Context: The central part of the Sahara is hyperarid, with little to no vegetation. The northern and southern reaches of the desert, along with the highlands, have areas of sparse grassland and desert shrub, with trees and taller shrubs in wadis where moisture collects. In the central, hyperarid part, there are many subdivisions of the great desert such as the Tanezrouft, the Ténéré, the Libyan Desert, the Eastern Desert, the Nubian Desert and others. These absolute desert regions are characterized by their extreme aridity, and some years can pass without any rainfall. Question: What is the central part of the Sahara Desert? Answer: hyperarid Question: What does the Sahara have little to none of? Answer: The northern and southern reaches of the desert Question: The northern and southern reaches of the desert are spare of what items? Answer: grassland and desert shrub Question: What does the Sahara have little of? Answer: The northern and southern reaches of the desert Question: How often does the Sahara go without rainfall? Answer: years Question: What are the conditions in the central Nubian desert? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What desert has a hyperarid northern and southern region? Answer: Unanswerable Question: where are the grasslands in the Libyan Desert? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What region goes months without rain? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the subdivisions of the northern and southern reaches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What areas are characterized by frequent rains? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which section of the Sahara is filled with vegetation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are grasslands and shrubs frequently found in abundance? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are the highlands located? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Maximum power transfer requires matching the impedance of an antenna system (as seen looking into the transmission line) to the complex conjugate of the impedance of the receiver or transmitter. In the case of a transmitter, however, the desired matching impedance might not correspond to the dynamic output impedance of the transmitter as analyzed as a source impedance but rather the design value (typically 50 ohms) required for efficient and safe operation of the transmitting circuitry. The intended impedance is normally resistive but a transmitter (and some receivers) may have additional adjustments to cancel a certain amount of reactance in order to "tweak" the match. When a transmission line is used in between the antenna and the transmitter (or receiver) one generally would like an antenna system whose impedance is resistive and near the characteristic impedance of that transmission line in order to minimize the standing wave ratio (SWR) and the increase in transmission line losses it entails, in addition to supplying a good match at the transmitter or receiver itself. Question: What requires matching of the empedance to an antenna system? Answer: Maximum power transfer Question: What is the desired design value for transmmiting circuitry? Answer: 50 ohms Question: Why would a transmitter have additional adjustments? Answer: "tweak" the match Question: What is SWR? Answer: standing wave ratio
Context: The situation became so tense that war with the United States seemed imminent. On April 22, 1914, on the initiative of Felix A. Sommerfeld and Sherburne Hopkins, Pancho Villa traveled to Juárez to calm fears along the border and asked President Wilson's emissary George Carothers to tell "Señor Wilson" that he had no problems with the American occupation of Veracruz. Carothers wrote to Secretary William Jennings Bryan: "As far as he was concerned we could keep Vera Cruz [sic] and hold it so tight that not even water could get in to Huerta and . . . he could not feel any resentment". Whether trying to please the U.S. government or through the diplomatic efforts of Sommerfeld and Carothers, or maybe as a result of both, Villa stepped out from under Carranza’s stated foreign policy. Question: War with what country seemed imminent? Answer: United States Question: Pancho Villa seeked a conversation with which American President? Answer: President Wilson Question: Villa stepped out of whose foreign policy? Answer: Carranza’s Question: To which Secretary did Carothers write? Answer: Secretary William Jennings Bryan
Context: In August 2004, Sony entered joint venture with equal partner Bertelsmann, by merging Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, to establish Sony BMG Music Entertainment. However Sony continued to operate its Japanese music business independently from Sony BMG while BMG Japan was made part of the merger. Question: In what year did Sony and BMG Germany merge? Answer: 2004 Question: In August 2014, Sony entered a joint venture with whom? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who continued to operate its Chinese music business independently? Answer: Unanswerable Question: ABC Japan was made part of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Beckman Music Group is located in which country? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Protestants also took the initiative in advocating for religious freedom. Freedom of conscience had high priority on the theological, philosophical, and political agendas since Luther refused to recant his beliefs before the Diet of the Holy Roman Empire at Worms (1521). In his view, faith was a free work of the Holy Spirit and could, therefore, not be forced on a person. The persecuted Anabaptists and Huguenots demanded freedom of conscience, and they practised separation of church and state. In the early seventeenth century, Baptists like John Smyth and Thomas Helwys published tracts in defense of religious freedom. Their thinking influenced John Milton and John Locke's stance on tolerance. Under the leadership of Baptist Roger Williams, Congregationalist Thomas Hooker, and Quaker William Penn, respectively, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania combined democratic constitutions with freedom of religion. These colonies became safe havens for persecuted religious minorities, including Jews. The United States Declaration of Independence, the United States Constitution, and the American Bill of Rights with its fundamental human rights made this tradition permanent by giving it a legal and political framework. The great majority of American Protestants, both clergy and laity, strongly supported the independence movement. All major Protestant churches were represented in the First and Second Continental Congresses. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the American democracy became a model for numerous other countries and regions throughout the world (e.g., Latin America, Japan, and Germany). The strongest link between the American and French Revolutions was Marquis de Lafayette, an ardent supporter of the American constitutional principles. The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen was mainly based on Lafayette's draft of this document. The United Nations Declaration and Universal Declaration of Human Rights also echo the American constitutional tradition. Question: What group initiated the right to religious freedom? Answer: Protestants Question: Where did Luther refuse to change his beliefs? Answer: Worms Question: What persecuted groups followed the separation of church and state? Answer: Anabaptists and Huguenots Question: Who wrote about religious freedom in the early 17th century? Answer: John Smyth and Thomas Helwys Question: How many American Protestants supported independence in America? Answer: The great majority
Context: Representatives from indigenous and rural organizations from major South American countries, including Bolivia, Ecuador, Colombia, Chile and Brazil, started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change. The meeting condemned plans by the European "foreign power elite" to destabilize the country. The forum also expressed solidarity with the Morales and his economic and social changes in the interest of historically marginalized majorities. Furthermore, in a cathartic blow to the US-backed elite, it questioned US interference through diplomats and NGOs. The forum was suspicious of plots against Bolivia and other countries, including Cuba, Venezuela, Ecuador, Paraguay and Nicaragua. Question: Who started a forum in support of Morales' legal process of change? Answer: Representatives Question: What did the meeting condemn plans by the Europeans to do? Answer: destabilize the country Question: What did the forum express for Morales and his proposed changes? Answer: solidarity Question: What did the forum question about US interference? Answer: diplomats and NGOs Question: What was the forum suspicious of? Answer: plots against Bolivia and other countries
Context: Although the Chinese government was initially praised for its response to the quake (especially in comparison to Myanmar's ruling military junta's blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis), it then saw an erosion in confidence over the school construction scandal. Question: What government blocked aid after Cyclone Nargis? Answer: Myanmar Question: Over what scandal did the Chinese government lose in public opinion? Answer: school construction scandal Question: What was the Chinese government first praised for? Answer: response to the quake
Context: Through-hole manufacture adds to board cost by requiring many holes to be drilled accurately, and limits the available routing area for signal traces on layers immediately below the top layer on multi-layer boards since the holes must pass through all layers to the opposite side. Once surface-mounting came into use, small-sized SMD components were used where possible, with through-hole mounting only of components unsuitably large for surface-mounting due to power requirements or mechanical limitations, or subject to mechanical stress which might damage the PCB. Question: Which type of construction is more expensive? Answer: Through-hole Question: What type of boards end up with limited routing space in through-hole manufacture? Answer: multi-layer Question: What force might damage a PCB if large components are surface mounted? Answer: mechanical stress Question: What components can be surface mounted to save space? Answer: small-sized SMD components Question: A component might not be able to be made any smaller because of its mechanical limitations or what other need? Answer: power requirements Question: What will not damage the PCB? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Mechanical signs will damage the what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What increases the available routing area? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Large-sized SMD components were used when? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Many of the crucial events of the American Revolution—the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, Paul Revere's midnight ride, the battles of Lexington and Concord and Bunker Hill, the Siege of Boston, and many others—occurred in or near Boston. After the Revolution, Boston's long seafaring tradition helped make it one of the world's wealthiest international ports, with rum, fish, salt, and tobacco being particularly important. Question: Boston became one of the wealthiest international ports after what war? Answer: the American Revolution Question: What long held tradition helped make Boston a wealthy port? Answer: seafaring tradition Question: Boston was the location of many important events of what war? Answer: the American Revolution
Context: During the late 18th and early 19th centuries the British Crown began to assume an increasingly large role in the affairs of the Company. A series of Acts of Parliament were passed, including the Regulating Act of 1773, Pitt's India Act of 1784 and the Charter Act of 1813 which regulated the Company's affairs and established the sovereignty of the Crown over the territories that it had acquired. The Company's eventual end was precipitated by the Indian Rebellion, a conflict that had begun with the mutiny of sepoys, Indian troops under British officers and discipline. The rebellion took six months to suppress, with heavy loss of life on both sides. The following year the British government dissolved the Company and assumed direct control over India through the Government of India Act 1858, establishing the British Raj, where an appointed governor-general administered India and Queen Victoria was crowned the Empress of India. India became the empire's most valuable possession, "the Jewel in the Crown", and was the most important source of Britain's strength. Question: When did Britain pass the Regulating Act? Answer: 1773 Question: When did Britain pass Pitt's India Act? Answer: 1784 Question: When did Britain pass the Charter Act? Answer: 1813 Question: The British East India Company was dissolved by which act? Answer: Government of India Act Question: Who was crowned the Empress of India? Answer: Queen Victoria
Context: The original city council line-up of 14 members (nine district-based and five at-large positions) was based on a U.S. Justice Department mandate which took effect in 1979. At-large council members represent the entire city. Under the city charter, once the population in the city limits exceeded 2.1 million residents, two additional districts were to be added. The city of Houston's official 2010 census count was 600 shy of the required number; however, as the city was expected to grow beyond 2.1 million shortly thereafter, the two additional districts were added for, and the positions filled during, the August 2011 elections. Question: How many members did the original Houston city council have? Answer: 14 Question: How many at-large positions were there originally? Answer: five Question: What areas do at-large council members represent? Answer: entire city Question: What population figure needs to be passed to add at large council members? Answer: 2.1 million Question: How many at-large council members were added in the 2011 elections? Answer: two Question: How many members did the original Texas city council have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many at-small positions were there originally? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What areas do at-small council members represent? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What population figure needs to be passed to add at small council members? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many at-large council members were added in the 2001 elections? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: At the same time the Empire style in France was a more grandiose wave of neoclassicism in architecture and the decorative arts. Mainly based on Imperial Roman styles, it originated in, and took its name from, the rule of Napoleon I in the First French Empire, where it was intended to idealize Napoleon's leadership and the French state. The style corresponds to the more bourgeois Biedermeier style in the German-speaking lands, Federal style in the United States, the Regency style in Britain, and the Napoleonstil in Sweden. According to the art historian Hugh Honour "so far from being, as is sometimes supposed, the culmination of the Neo-classical movement, the Empire marks its rapid decline and transformation back once more into a mere antique revival, drained of all the high-minded ideas and force of conviction that had inspired its masterpieces". Question: How would the Empire style of France be characterized by comparison? Answer: more grandiose Question: What was the origination of the Imperial Roman Style? Answer: Napoleon I Question: What was the corresponding style to Empire in Britain? Answer: Regency Question: In the US, the style during this time of Neoclassical Empire was known as what? Answer: Federal style Question: What neoclassic style in France was less grandiose? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What took its name from the wall of Napoleon the second? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did the colonial style in the United States correspond to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Hugh Honour see as the culmination of the neoclassical movement? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A district of Himachal Pradesh is an administrative geographical unit, headed by a Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate, an officer belonging to the Indian Administrative Service. The district magistrate or the deputy commissioner is assisted by a number of officers belonging to Himachal Administrative Service and other Himachal state services. Each district is subdivided into Sub-Divisions, governed by a sub-divisional magistrate, and again into Blocks. Blocks consists of panchayats (village councils) and town municipalities. A Superintendent of Police, an officer belonging to the Indian Police Service is entrusted with the responsibility of maintaining law and order and related issues of the district. He is assisted by the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials. Question: Who heads the Himachal Pradesh? Answer: Deputy Commissioner or District Magistrate Question: Who maintains law and order? Answer: Superintendent of Police Question: Who assists the Superintendent of Police? Answer: the officers of the Himachal Police Service and other Himachal Police officials. Question: Who is in charge of the Indian Administrative Service? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who maintains town municipalities of the district? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Indian Administrative Service comprised of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What group does a panchayat officer belong to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is each geographical unit divided into and governed by a district? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: His next theatrical release in that same year was the World War II film Saving Private Ryan, about a group of U.S. soldiers led by Capt. Miller (Tom Hanks) sent to bring home a paratrooper whose three older brothers were killed in the same twenty-four hours, June 5–6, of the Normandy landing. The film was a huge box office success, grossing over $481 million worldwide and was the biggest film of the year at the North American box office (worldwide it made second place after Michael Bay's Armageddon). Spielberg won his second Academy Award for his direction. The film's graphic, realistic depiction of combat violence influenced later war films such as Black Hawk Down and Enemy at the Gates. The film was also the first major hit for DreamWorks, which co-produced the film with Paramount Pictures (as such, it was Spielberg's first release from the latter that was not part of the Indiana Jones series). Later, Spielberg and Tom Hanks produced a TV mini-series based on Stephen Ambrose's book Band of Brothers. The ten-part HBO mini-series follows Easy Company of the 101st Airborne Division's 506th Parachute Infantry Regiment. The series won a number of awards at the Golden Globes and the Emmys. Question: Who did Tom Hanks play in 'Saving Private Ryan'? Answer: Capt. Miller Question: What war was 'Saving Private Ryan' about? Answer: World War II Question: How much did 'Saving Private Ryan' earn? Answer: over $481 million worldwide Question: Which film beat 'Saving Private Ryan' worldwide? Answer: Armageddon Question: Who directed 'Armageddon'? Answer: Michael Bay Question: What was Tom Hanks first movie? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did Saving Private Ryan earn in America? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did Armageddon make in the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which studio produced Armageddon? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who directed Enemy at the Gates? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Elizabeth's only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930. The two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as "Crawfie". Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music. Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margaret's childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeth's love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, and her attitude of responsibility. Others echoed such observations: Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as "a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant." Her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as "a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved". Question: Who was Elizabeth only sibling?P Answer: Princess Margaret Question: When was Princess Margaret born? Answer: 1930 Question: Where were the royal princesses educated? Answer: at home Question: Who was Marion Crawford to the princesses? Answer: governess Question: What was the title of the book written by Crawford about the princesses? Answer: The Little Princesses Question: What was Elizabeth and Princess Margaret's mothers name? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What did Princess Margaret love as a child? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What attitude of Princess Margaret did Marion Crawford wrote she had? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Marion Crawford die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Margaret Rhodes born? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The small landowner-cultivators formed the majority of the Han tax base; this revenue was threatened during the latter half of Eastern Han when many peasants fell into debt and were forced to work as farming tenants for wealthy landlords. The Han government enacted reforms in order to keep small landowner-cultivators out of debt and on their own farms. These reforms included reducing taxes, temporary remissions of taxes, granting loans and providing landless peasants temporary lodging and work in agricultural colonies until they could recover from their debts. Question: Which group made up the bulk of the Han tax base? Answer: landowner-cultivators Question: Who made reductions in the taxes that landowner-cultivators were forced to pay? Answer: The Han government Question: During what period did a large number of peasants incur debt? Answer: Eastern Han Question: What type of housing did the Han government provide to landless indebted peasants? Answer: temporary Question: What did the Han government do to help out smaller landowners? Answer: enacted reforms
Context: During World War II, when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany, the United States briefly controlled Greenland for battlefields and protection. In 1946, the United States offered to buy Greenland from Denmark for $100 million ($1.2 billion today) but Denmark refused to sell it. Several politicians and others have in recent years argued that Greenland could hypothetically be in a better financial situation as a part of the United States; for instance mentioned by professor Gudmundur Alfredsson at University of Akureyri in 2014. One of the actual reasons behind US interest in Greenland could be the vast natural resources of the island. According to Wikileaks, the U.S. appears to be highly interested in investing in the resource base of the island and in tapping the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast. Question: When did the US control Greenland? Answer: when Denmark was occupied by Nazi Germany Question: How much did the US offer to pay for Greenland? Answer: $100 million Question: What university is professor Gudmundur Alfredssson from? Answer: University of Akureyri Question: What is one reason the US would be interested in Greenland? Answer: the vast expected hydrocarbons off the Greenlandic coast. Question: When did the US control Akureyri? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much did the US offer to pay for Akureyri? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Gudmundur Alfredsson a professor at in 1946? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one reason Alfredsson would be interested in Greenland? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who have argued that Greenland could not hypothetically be in a better financial situation as part of the United States? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Washington University has been selected by the Commission on Presidential Debates to host more presidential and vice-presidential debates than any other institution in history. United States presidential election debates were held at the Washington University Athletic Complex in 1992, 2000, 2004, and 2016. A presidential debate was planned to occur in 1996, but owing to scheduling difficulties between the candidates, the debate was canceled. The university hosted the only 2008 vice presidential debate, between Republican Sarah Palin and Democrat Joe Biden, on October 2, 2008, also at the Washington University Athletic Complex. Question: What years were presidential debates held at Washington University? Answer: 1992, 2000, 2004, and 2016 Question: What building at Washington University was used to host the presidential debates? Answer: Washington University Athletic Complex Question: Why was the presidential debate canceled in 1996 at Washington University? Answer: scheduling difficulties between the candidates Question: When was the only vice presidential debate held at Washington University? Answer: October 2, 2008 Question: Who were the candidates in the vice presidential debate at Washington University? Answer: Republican Sarah Palin and Democrat Joe Biden Question: In what year was the Washington University Athletic Complex built? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was one of the presidential candidates to debate in 1992? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was one of the presidential candidates to debate in 2000? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was one of the presidential candidates in 1996? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Was it presidential or vice presidential debate held at Washington University in 2000? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The languages of Italy are primarily Latin-based Romance languages, with the most widely spoken languages falling within the Italo-Dalmatian language family. This wide category includes: Question: What language family do most of the languages of Italy belong to? Answer: Italo-Dalmatian Question: What language are most languages of Italy derived from? Answer: Latin Question: Aside from Italo-Dalmatian, what is another term for the group that Italian languages belong to? Answer: Romance Question: Which family do the least widely spoken languages fall into? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of languages are the languages of Italo-Dalmation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which languages are primarily Dalmation languages? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Romance languages are the primary language of which family? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most of the world's airports are owned by local, regional, or national government bodies who then lease the airport to private corporations who oversee the airport's operation. For example, in the United Kingdom the state-owned British Airports Authority originally operated eight of the nation's major commercial airports - it was subsequently privatized in the late 1980s, and following its takeover by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium in 2006, has been further divested and downsized to operating just five. Germany's Frankfurt Airport is managed by the quasi-private firm Fraport. While in India GMR Group operates, through joint ventures, Indira Gandhi International Airport and Rajiv Gandhi International Airport. Bengaluru International Airport and Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport are controlled by GVK Group. The rest of India's airports are managed by the Airports Authority of India. Question: How many commercial airports did the British Airports Authority originally operate? Answer: eight Question: What group took over the British Airports Authority in 2006? Answer: Spanish Ferrovial consortium Question: What group manages the Frankfurt Airport? Answer: Fraport Question: Who operates, through joint ventures, Indira Gandhi International Airport? Answer: GMR Group Question: When was the Airports Authority of India privatized? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was the Airports Authority of India taken over by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many commercial airports does Fraport in the UK manage? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many airports did Fraport manage originally in the UK? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happened to Fraport when it was taken over by the Spanish Ferrovial consortium? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The Qing forces were crushed by Wu from 1673-1674. The Qing had the support of the majority of Han Chinese soldiers and Han elite against the Three Feudatories, since they refused to join Wu Sangui in the revolt, while the Eight Banners and Manchu officers fared poorly against Wu Sangui, so the Qing responded with using a massive army of more than 900,000 Han Chinese (non-Banner) instead of the Eight Banners, to fight and crush the Three Feudatories. Wu Sangui's forces were crushed by the Green Standard Army, made out of defected Ming soldiers. Question: When did Wu destroy the Qing armies? Answer: 1673-1674 Question: How many soldiers did the Qing fight back with? Answer: 900,000 Question: What happened to Wu's army? Answer: crushed by the Green Standard Army
Context: This boom in innovative financial products went hand in hand with more complexity. It multiplied the number of actors connected to a single mortgage (including mortgage brokers, specialized originators, the securitizers and their due diligence firms, managing agents and trading desks, and finally investors, insurances and providers of repo funding). With increasing distance from the underlying asset these actors relied more and more on indirect information (including FICO scores on creditworthiness, appraisals and due diligence checks by third party organizations, and most importantly the computer models of rating agencies and risk management desks). Instead of spreading risk this provided the ground for fraudulent acts, misjudgments and finally market collapse. In 2005 a group of computer scientists built a computational model for the mechanism of biased ratings produced by rating agencies, which turned out to be adequate to what actually happened in 2006–2008.[citation needed] Question: Which products created more complexity in the financial markets? Answer: innovative financial products Question: What effect did the introduction of innovative financial products have on a single mortgage? Answer: multiplied the number of actors connected Question: What did institutions rely more on as increasing distance from underlying assets occurred? Answer: indirect information Question: What is a type of indirect information that financial institutions and investors used to judge the risk? Answer: computer models of rating agencies Question: In what year did a group of computer scientists build a model for ratings produced by rating agencies that turned out to be accurate for what happened in 2006-2008? Answer: 2005
Context: The university operates under 11 colleges or schools, which collectively offer 194 bachelor's degree programs, 68 master's degree programs, 25 PhD programs, and a Juris Doctor program. BYU also manages some courses and majors through the David M. Kennedy Center for International Studies and "miscellaneous" college departments, including Undergraduate Education, Graduate Studies, Independent Study, Continuing Education, and the Honors Program. BYU's Winter semester ends earlier than most universities in April since there is no Spring break, thus allowing students to pursue internships and other summer activities earlier. A typical academic year is broken up into two semesters: Fall (September–December) and Winter (January–April), as well as two shorter terms during the summer months: Spring (May–June) and Summer (July–August). Question: Why does BYU's Winter semester end earlier than most colleges? Answer: there is no Spring break Question: How many semesters is a typical BYU year broken up into? Answer: two Question: How many shorter terms does BYU have during the summer? Answer: two Question: What type of Doctor Program is offered at BYU? Answer: Juris Question: What allows BYU students to pursue summer internships earlier than most college students? Answer: Winter semester ends earlier than most universities Question: How many schools collectively offer 68 PhD programs? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When is spring break for Brigham Young University? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What four semesters is the academic year broken up into? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Changes also took place among laymen, as aristocratic culture focused on great feasts held in halls rather than on literary pursuits. Clothing for the elites was richly embellished with jewels and gold. Lords and kings supported entourages of fighters who formed the backbone of the military forces.[I] Family ties within the elites were important, as were the virtues of loyalty, courage, and honour. These ties led to the prevalence of the feud in aristocratic society, examples of which included those related by Gregory of Tours that took place in Merovingian Gaul. Most feuds seem to have ended quickly with the payment of some sort of compensation. Women took part in aristocratic society mainly in their roles as wives and mothers of men, with the role of mother of a ruler being especially prominent in Merovingian Gaul. In Anglo-Saxon society the lack of many child rulers meant a lesser role for women as queen mothers, but this was compensated for by the increased role played by abbesses of monasteries. Only in Italy does it appear that women were always considered under the protection and control of a male relative. Question: What was the focus of aristocratic culture during this period? Answer: great feasts Question: Along with gold, what luxury was present on the clothes of the elite? Answer: jewels Question: Along with loyalty and honor, what virtue did the elite value? Answer: courage Question: In what society did women have status as abbesses? Answer: Anglo-Saxon Question: In what country did Gregory of Tours live? Answer: Merovingian Gaul
Context: Pope Saint John XXIII (Latin: Ioannes XXIII; Italian: Giovanni XXIII) born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli,[a] Italian pronunciation: [ˈandʒelo dʒuˈzɛppe roŋˈkalli]; 25 November 1881 – 3 June 1963) reigned as Pope from 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 and was canonized on 27 April 2014. Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli was the fourth of fourteen children born to a family of sharecroppers who lived in a village in Lombardy. He was ordained to the priesthood on 10 August 1904 and served in a number of posts, including papal nuncio in France and a delegate to Bulgaria, Greece and Turkey. In a consistory on 12 January 1953 Pope Pius XII made Roncalli a cardinal as the Cardinal-Priest of Santa Prisca in addition to naming him as the Patriarch of Venice. Question: What was Pope Saint John XXIII's birth name? Answer: Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli Question: When was Pope Saint John XXIII born? Answer: 25 November 1881 Question: When did Pope Saint XXIII die? Answer: 3 June 1963 Question: How long did he reign as Pope? Answer: 28 October 1958 to his death in 1963 Question: When was he ordained to the priesthood? Answer: 10 August 1904 Question: When was Pope Pius XII born? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Pope Pius XII die? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How long did Pope Pius XII reign as Pope? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Pope Pius XII canonized? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the birth name of Pope Pius XII? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Baird Television Ltd. made Britain's first television broadcast, on 30 September 1929 from its studio in Long Acre, London, via the BBC's London transmitter, using the electromechanical system pioneered by John Logie Baird. This system used a vertically-scanned image of 30 lines – just enough resolution for a close-up of one person, and with a bandwidth low enough to use existing radio transmitters. Simultaneous transmission of sound and picture was achieved on 30 March 1930, by using the BBC's new twin transmitter at Brookmans Park. By late 1930, 30 minutes of morning programmes were broadcast Monday to Friday, and 30 minutes at midnight on Tuesdays and Fridays, after BBC radio went off the air. Baird broadcasts via the BBC continued until June 1932. Question: On what date was the first TV show seen in the UK? Answer: 30 September 1929 Question: From where was the first TV show in the UK broadcasted? Answer: Long Acre, London Question: How many lines made up the picture on Britain's earliest TV broadcasts? Answer: 30 Question: When did Baird cease showing its programs on BBC? Answer: June 1932 Question: When were both audio and video first broadcasted at the same time? Answer: 30 March 1930 Question: What was made on 29 September 1930? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was used, created by Logie John Baird, to make the Britain's first television broadcast? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was achieved on 30 March 1932? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did BBC radio go off the air? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What continued until June 1930? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Buckingham Palace finally became the principal royal residence in 1837, on the accession of Queen Victoria, who was the first monarch to reside there; her predecessor William IV had died before its completion. While the state rooms were a riot of gilt and colour, the necessities of the new palace were somewhat less luxurious. For one thing, it was reported the chimneys smoked so much that the fires had to be allowed to die down, and consequently the court shivered in icy magnificence. Ventilation was so bad that the interior smelled, and when a decision was taken to install gas lamps, there was a serious worry about the build-up of gas on the lower floors. It was also said that staff were lax and lazy and the palace was dirty. Following the queen's marriage in 1840, her husband, Prince Albert, concerned himself with a reorganisation of the household offices and staff, and with the design faults of the palace. The problems were all rectified by the close of 1840. However, the builders were to return within the decade. Question: Who was the first monarch to reside at Buckingham Palace? Answer: Queen Victoria Question: Who died before the palace was completed? Answer: William IV Question: Buckingham became a principle residence for the Royal Family in which year? Answer: 1837 Question: What was the problem with chimneys in the palace? Answer: the chimneys smoked Question: At the end of which year were most of the design problems of the palace rectified under Prince Albert? Answer: 1840 Question: When did Buckingham officially become the principle royal residence? Answer: 1837 Question: Who was the first monarch to reside there? Answer: Queen Victoria Question: Who died before seeing Buckingham Palace's completion? Answer: William IV Question: What was the problem with the palace's chimneys? Answer: the chimneys smoked Question: Who dealt with the design faults of the palace? Answer: Prince Albert Question: Who was the only monarch to reside at Buckingham Palace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who died right as the palace was completed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the best thing about chimneys in the palace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Buckingham officially become the only royal residence? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the worst monarch to reside there? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s; many comedians, such as Eric Morecambe, made jokes about this at the team's expense. The theme was repeated in the 1997 film The Full Monty, in a scene where the lead actors move in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine. Another film reference to the club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-sided Nigel Winterburn. Question: How have Arsenal players portrayed in media? Answer: defensive and "boring" Question: In what decades were Arsenal players stereotyped in a negative way? Answer: 1970s and 1980s Question: What film featured a Arsenal play in derogatory way? Answer: The Full Monty Question: Which comic made numerous jokes about Arsenal players? Answer: Eric Morecambe Question: What film uses characters named after Arsenal full backs? Answer: Plunkett & Macleane Question: In what year did the movie Plunkett & Macleane release? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who are two of the characters in The Full Monty? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Lee Dixon join Arsenal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year was Nigel Winterburn's last game with Arsenal? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was Arsenal's right-sided in 1997? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Alsace-Lorraine was occupied by Germany in 1940 during the Second World War. Although Germany never formally annexed Alsace-Lorraine, it was incorporated into the Greater German Reich, which had been restructured into Reichsgaue. Alsace was merged with Baden, and Lorraine with the Saarland, to become part of a planned Westmark. During the war, 130,000 young men from Alsace and Lorraine were inducted into the German army against their will (malgré-nous) and in some cases, the Waffen SS. Some of the latter were involved in war crimes such as the Oradour-sur-Glane massacre. Most of them perished on the eastern front. The few that could escape fled to Switzerland or joined the resistance. In July 1944, 1500 malgré-nous were released from Soviet captivity and sent to Algiers, where they joined the Free French Forces. Question: What year was Alsace-Lorraine occupied by Germany? Answer: 1940 Question: Approximately how many Alsace and Lorraine men were forced into the German army during World War II? Answer: 130,000 Question: Which group of people were released by the Russians to Algiers? Answer: malgré-nous Question: When did Germany officially annex Alsace? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Baden and Saarland were merged to form what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many men from Alsace alone were conscripted into the German army? Answer: Unanswerable Question: 130,000 men were involved in what massacre? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many soldiers managed to join the resistance? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: ReplayGain is a standard for measuring and storing the loudness of an MP3 file (audio normalization) in its metadata tag, enabling a ReplayGain-compliant player to automatically adjust the overall playback volume for each file. MP3Gain may be used to reversibly modify files based on ReplayGain measurements so that adjusted playback can be achieved on players without ReplayGain capability. Question: What is the name given to the standard for measure and storing the loudness of an MP3 file? Answer: ReplayGain Question: What is measuring and storing loudness of an MP3 file also known as? Answer: audio normalization Question: What does the standard ReplayGain allow a player to automatically adjust? Answer: the overall playback volume Question: What program can be used to modify files based on ReplayGain measurements? Answer: MP3Gain Question: MP3Gain is important because it allows players without what capability to have adjusted playback? Answer: ReplayGain capability
Context: Sweet desserts such as galaktoboureko, and drinks such as ouzo, metaxa and a variety of wines including retsina. Greek cuisine differs widely from different parts of the mainland and from island to island. It uses some flavorings more often than other Mediterranean cuisines: oregano, mint, garlic, onion, dill and bay laurel leaves. Other common herbs and spices include basil, thyme and fennel seed. Many Greek recipes, especially in the northern parts of the country, use "sweet" spices in combination with meat, for example cinnamon and cloves in stews. Question: What is the name of one sweet dessert in Greece? Answer: galaktoboureko Question: What is one of the flavorings commonly used in Greek Mediterranean food? Answer: oregano Question: What is one of the sweet spices Greeks like to use with meat? Answer: cinnamon
Context: Throughout her career Madonna has been involved in writing and producing most of her own music. Madonna's early songwriting skill was developed during her time with the Breakfast Club in 1979. According to author Carol Gnojewski, her first attempts at songwriting are perceived as an important self-revelation, as Madonna said: "I don't know where [the songs] came from. It was like magic. I'd write a song every day. I said 'Wow, I was meant to do this'." Mark Kamins, her first producer, believed that Madonna is "a much underrated musician and lyricist." Rolling Stone has named her "an exemplary songwriter with a gift for hooks and indelible lyrics." According to Freya Jarman-Ivens, Madonna's talent for developing "incredible" hooks for her songs allows the lyrics to capture the attention of the audience, even without the influence of the music. As an example, Jarman-Ivens cites the 1985 single "Into the Groove" and its line "Live out your fantasy here with me, just let the music set you free; Touch my body, and move in time, now I know you're mine." Madonna's songwriting are often autobiographical over the years, dealing with various themes from love and relationships to self-respect and female empowerment. Her songs also speak about taboo and unconventional issues of their period, such as sexuality and AIDS on Erotica (1992). Many of her lyrics contain innuendos and double entendre, which lead to multiple interpretations among music critics and scholars. Madonna has been nominated for being inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame twice, for 2014 and 2016 ceremony. Rolling Stone listed Madonna at number 56 on the "100 Greatest Songwriters of All Time". Question: Who writes and creates most of her own music? Answer: Madonna Question: Who was Madonna's first producer? Answer: Mark Kamins Question: Whose music speak about taboo and unconventional subjects? Answer: Madonna's Question: Madonna was nominated to be inducted twice which year to the Songwriter Hall of Fame? Answer: 2014 and 2016 Question: Which magazine stated that Madonna was the greatest songwriter of all time? Answer: Rolling Stone
Context: The islands have been shaped by numerous glaciations during the Quaternary Period, the most recent being the Devensian.[citation needed] As this ended, the central Irish Sea was deglaciated and the English Channel flooded, with sea levels rising to current levels some 4,000 to 5,000 years ago, leaving the British Isles in their current form. Whether or not there was a land bridge between Great Britain and Ireland at this time is somewhat disputed, though there was certainly a single ice sheet covering the entire sea. Question: What was the most recent glaciation that has shaped the British Isles? Answer: Devensian Question: What happened with the Devensian glaciation ended? Answer: the English Channel flooded Question: When did sea levels reach their current highth? Answer: 4,000 to 5,000 years ago Question: What covered the sea between Ireland and Great Britian during the last glacier? Answer: a single ice sheet Question: When did sea levels rise to prehistoric levels? Answer: Unanswerable Question: It is undisputed that there was a land bridge between Great Britain and what country? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Multiple sheets and layers of what covered the entire sea? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During which Period have the land bridges been shaped by glaciations? Answer: Unanswerable Question: During this period, it is certain a land bridge existed between England and which country? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In his investiture address, given on 28 October 1969 in Bonn, Chancellor Willy Brandt proposed that the government would consider Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order. An expert commission was established, named after its chairman, the former Secretary of State Professor Werner Ernst. After two years of work, the experts delivered their report in 1973. It provided an alternative proposal for both northern Germany and central and southwestern Germany. In the north, either a single new state consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg, Bremen and Lower Saxony should be created (solution A) or two new states, one in the northeast consisting of Schleswig-Holstein, Hamburg and the northern part of Lower Saxony (from Cuxhaven to Lüchow-Dannenberg) and one in the northwest consisting of Bremen and the rest of Lower Saxony (solution B). In the Center and South West either Rhineland-Palatinate (with the exception of the Germersheim district but including the Rhine-Neckar region) should be merged with Hesse and the Saarland (solution C), the district of Germersheim would then become part of Baden-Württemberg. Question: What did Chancellor Willy Brandt propose in his 28 October 1969 address? Answer: Article 29 of the Basic Law as a binding order Question: Where did Chancellor Willy Brandt make his 28 October 1969 address? Answer: Bonn Question: An expert commission was established under which chairman? Answer: Werner Ernst Question: When did the expert commission deliver its report? Answer: the district of Germersheim Question: Which state would the district of Germersheim be a part of? Answer: Baden-Württemberg Question: Which chancellor proposed that article 29 should no longer be a binding order? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who established an expert commission to discuss article 29? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was an expert commission established? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the proposal for a single new state in the South? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What area was suggested should be separated from Hesse? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Likewise the migration of Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans also began as a result of political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s. The uprising of the Sandinista revolution which toppled the Somoza dictatorship in 1979 caused many Nicaraguans to migrate particularly from those opposing the Sandinistas. Throughout the 1980s with the United States supported Contra War (or Contra-revolutionary war) which continued up until 1988, and the economic collapse of the country many more Nicaraguans migrated to the United States amongst other countries. The states of the United States where most Nicaraguans migrated to include Florida, California and Texas. Question: What other Spanish Speaking people come to America? Answer: Spanish-speaking Nicaraguans Question: Why did the Nicaraguans come to America? Answer: political instability during the end of the 1970s and the 1980s Question: When did the Nicaraguans arrive? Answer: Throughout the 1980s with the United States supported Contra War (or Contra-revolutionary war) which continued up until 1988 Question: Where did Nicaraguans settle in America? Answer: The states of the United States where most Nicaraguans migrated to include Florida, California and Texas. Question: Was there a specific reason many Nicaraguans fled to the U.S.? Answer: the economic collapse of the country many more Nicaraguans migrated to the United States amongst other countries. Question: Spanish speaking Nicaraguans also migrated for what reason? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What years did Nicaraguans migrate? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which revolution toppled the Somoza dictatorship? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was another term for the Contra War? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Contra War end? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What other Spanish Speaking people come to Florida? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why did the Nicaraguans come to Florida? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Floridians arrive? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Was there a specific reason many Floridians fled to the U.S.? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did Florida Support the Contra War? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Some states distinguish between two levels: felonies and misdemeanors (minor crimes). Generally, most felony convictions result in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims; while misdemeanors may lead to a year or less in jail and a substantial fine. To simplify the prosecution of traffic violations and other relatively minor crimes, some states have added a third level, infractions. These may result in fines and sometimes the loss of one's driver's license, but no jail time. Question: What two levels of crime are there? Answer: felonies and misdemeanors Question: What is a misdemeanor? Answer: minor crimes Question: What results in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims? Answer: felony convictions Question: What usually happens with misdemeanors? Answer: a year or less in jail and a substantial fine Question: What is a third level of crime that some states have adopted? Answer: infractions Question: How many levels of felonies are there? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are felonies? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who do misdemeanors pay fines to? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Misdemeanors may lead to a loss of what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What third level do many states remove? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The City of Tucson, Pima County, the State of Arizona, and the private sector have all made commitments to create a growing, healthy economy[citation needed] with advanced technology industry sectors as its foundation. Raytheon Missile Systems (formerly Hughes Aircraft Co.), Texas Instruments, IBM, Intuit Inc., Universal Avionics, Honeywell Aerospace, Sunquest Information Systems, Sanofi-Aventis, Ventana Medical Systems, Inc., and Bombardier Aerospace all have a significant presence in Tucson. Roughly 150 Tucson companies are involved in the design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems, earning Tucson the nickname "Optics Valley". Question: What was Raytheon previously called? Answer: Hughes Aircraft Co. Question: What drug company has a major presence in Tucson? Answer: Sanofi-Aventis Question: How many optics-related companies are in Tucson? Answer: 150 Question: What do the 'Optics Valley' companies do? Answer: design and manufacture of optics and optoelectronics systems Question: What accounting software company has a major presence in Tucson? Answer: Intuit Inc.
Context: State schools are generally seen as equivalent in quality of education to private-sector institutions. However, the value of a state high-school diploma is limited by the fact that the grades obtained account for only around 25% of the final grade for each topic, with the remaining 75% assigned by the teacher during the semester, in a minimally transparent way. Cypriot universities (like universities in Greece) ignore high school grades almost entirely for admissions purposes. While a high-school diploma is mandatory for university attendance, admissions are decided almost exclusively on the basis of scores at centrally administered university entrance examinations that all university candidates are required to take. Question: What do Cypriot universities ignore when looking at admission? Answer: high school grades Question: What is required for university attendance? Answer: high-school diploma Question: What plays a large factor in determining admission at a university? Answer: university entrance examinations Question: What percentage do grades obtained account for in a students final grade? Answer: 25%
Context: Ricci v. DeStefano was heard by the United States Supreme Court in 2009. The case concerns White and Hispanic firefighters in New Haven, Connecticut, who upon passing their test for promotions to management were denied the promotions, allegedly because of a discriminatory or at least questionable test. The test gave 17 whites and two Hispanics the possibility of immediate promotion. Although 23% of those taking the test were African American, none scored high enough to qualify. Because of the possibility the tests were biased in violation of Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, no candidates were promoted pending outcome of the controversy. In a split 5-4 vote, the Supreme Court ruled that New Haven had engaged in impermissible racial discrimination against the White and Hispanic majority. Question: Which case concerning White and Hispanic firefighters was heard by the Supreme Court in 2009? Answer: Ricci v. DeStefano Question: Where was the issue of White and Hispanic firefighters heard in the case based out of? Answer: New Haven, Connecticut Question: How many whites were given the possibility of immediate promotion as a result of taking the controversial test? Answer: 17 Question: What percentage of those people taking the test were African American? Answer: 23 Question: What was the final vote count for the Supreme Court over the issue? Answer: 5-4 Question: Which case concerning White and Hispanic firefighters was heard by the Supreme Court in 2019? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was the issue of White and Black firefighters heard in the case based out of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many whites were given the possibility of immediate firing as a result of taking the controversial test? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What percentage of those people taking the test were Asian American? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The preludes, many of which are very brief (some consisting of simple statements and developments of a single theme or figure), were described by Schumann as "the beginnings of studies". Inspired by J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier, Chopin's preludes move up the circle of fifths (rather than Bach's chromatic scale sequence) to create a prelude in each major and minor tonality. The preludes were perhaps not intended to be played as a group, and may even have been used by him and later pianists as generic preludes to others of his pieces, or even to music by other composers, as Kenneth Hamilton suggests: he has noted a recording by Ferruccio Busoni of 1922, in which the Prelude Op. 28 No. 7 is followed by the Étude Op. 10 No. 5. Question: What piece of Bach's did Chopin take inspiration for his preludes? Answer: The Well-Tempered Clavier Question: Who suggested that Chopin's preludes were not intended to be played as a group? Answer: Kenneth Hamilton Question: What was described as "the beginning of studies" by Schumann? Answer: The preludes Question: What inspired Chopin for his preludes? Answer: J.S. Bach's The Well-Tempered Clavier Question: Kenneth Hamilton suggests that the preludes may not have been meant as a group but rather as what? Answer: generic preludes to others of his pieces Question: Who did a recording where Étude Op. 10 No. 5. follows relude Op. 28 No. 7? Answer: Ferruccio Busoni
Context: On November 10, 2007, at approximately 7:35 pm, paramedics responding to an emergency call transported West's mother, Donda West, to the nearby Centinela Freeman Hospital in Marina del Rey, California. She was unresponsive in the emergency room, and after resuscitation attempts, doctors pronounced her dead at approximately 8:30 pm, at age 58. The Los Angeles County coroner's office said in January 2008 that West had died of heart disease while suffering "multiple post-operative factors" after plastic surgery. She had undergone liposuction and breast reduction. Beverly Hills plastic surgeon Andre Aboolian had refused to do the surgery because West had a health condition that placed her at risk for a heart attack. Aboolian referred her to an internist to investigate her cardiac issue. She never met with the doctor recommended by Aboolian and had the procedures performed by a third doctor, Jan Adams. Question: How old was Kanye's mother when she died? Answer: 58 Question: What doctor did Donda West ignore the recommendation of to invest her heart condition? Answer: Andre Aboolian Question: At approximately what time did paramedics receive the call about Kanye West's mother, Donda? Answer: 7:35 pm Question: What condition along with complications for the plastic surgery caused the death of Donda West? Answer: heart disease Question: What doctor originally turned Donda West down for her plastic surgery operation? Answer: Andre Aboolian Question: What was the name of the doctor who performed the surgery that ended up killing Donda West? Answer: Jan Adams
Context: Traditionally, the Speaker is reckoned as the leader of the majority party in the House, with the Majority Leader as second-in-command. For instance, when the Republicans gained the majority in the House after the 2010 elections, Eric Cantor succeeded Boehner as Majority Leader. Despite this, Cantor and his successor, Kevin McCarthy, have been reckoned as the second-ranking Republicans in the House, since Boehner is still reckoned as the leader of the House Republicans. However, there have been some exceptions. The most recent exception to this rule came when Majority Leader Tom DeLay generally overshadowed Speaker Dennis Hastert from 2003 to 2006. In contrast, the Minority Leader is the undisputed leader of the minority party. Question: Who is the leader of the majority leader in House? Answer: Speaker Question: What is the title of seconde in command for majority party in congress? Answer: Majority Leader Question: Who overshadowed House Speaker Dennis Hastert? Answer: Majority Leader Tom DeLay Question: Who is the leader of the minority party in the House? Answer: Minority Leader Question: What did Tom Delay succeed Boehner as in 2010? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Democrats gain a majority in the house? Answer: Unanswerable Question: After the 2010 elections, what were Tom DeLay and Dennis Hastert considered? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Why were DeLay and Hastert considered second-ranking in the House in 2010? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Minority Leader overshadow Boehner? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: This process begins when the user inputs a Uniform Resource Locator (URL), for example http://en.wikipedia.org/, into the browser. The prefix of the URL, the Uniform Resource Identifier or URI, determines how the URL will be interpreted. The most commonly used kind of URI starts with http: and identifies a resource to be retrieved over the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP). Many browsers also support a variety of other prefixes, such as https: for HTTPS, ftp: for the File Transfer Protocol, and file: for local files. Prefixes that the web browser cannot directly handle are often handed off to another application entirely. For example, mailto: URIs are usually passed to the user's default e-mail application, and news: URIs are passed to the user's default newsgroup reader. Question: What does URL stand for? Answer: Uniform Resource Locator Question: What is the determining factor in how a URL will be interpreted? Answer: The prefix of the URL Question: What does http stand for? Answer: Hypertext Transfer Protocol Question: What does ftp stand for? Answer: File Transfer Protocol Question: A news: prefix is given to the user's what? Answer: default newsgroup reader Question: What does the prefix of the default newsgroup reader determine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does the most common form of local file start with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does a common browser identify? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What happens to newsgroup readers the web browser can't handle directly? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are ftp's passed on to? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: However, leeches and their closest relatives have a body structure that is very uniform within the group but significantly different from that of other annelids, including other members of the Clitellata. In leeches there are no septa, the connective tissue layer of the body wall is so thick that it occupies much of the body, and the two coelomata are widely separated and run the length of the body. They function as the main blood vessels, although they are side-by-side rather than upper and lower. However, they are lined with mesothelium, like the coelomata and unlike the blood vessels of other annelids. Leeches generally use suckers at their front and rear ends to move like inchworms. The anus is on the upper surface of the pygidium. Question: What type of annelids are very different from others? Answer: leeches and their closest relatives Question: What type of tissue takes up most of the body of a leech? Answer: connective tissue layer of the body wall Question: How many coelomata do leeches have? Answer: two Question: What lines the coelomata of leeches? Answer: mesothelium Question: What do leeches use to move? Answer: suckers at their front and rear ends Question: What type of annelids are very identical to others? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What type of tissue eats most of the body of a leech? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many brains do leeches have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What lines the bones of leeches? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What do leeches use to fly? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A second biotechnology district is being planned for the median strip on Frontage Road, on land cleared for the never-built Route 34 extension. As of late 2009, a Pfizer drug-testing clinic, a medical laboratory building serving Yale – New Haven Hospital, and a mixed-use structure containing parking, housing and office space, have been constructed on this corridor. A former SNET telephone building at 300 George Street is being converted into lab space, and has been so far quite successful in attracting biotechnology and medical firms. Question: On the median strip of what road is New Haven planning to create a secondary biotechnology district? Answer: Frontage Question: What was originally slated to be built at the site of the proposed area for the secondary biotechnology district? Answer: Route 34 extension Question: What major pharmaceutical company is currently operating a drug clinic in New Haven within the new biotechnology corridor? Answer: Pfizer Question: What is the former SNET building in New Haven currently being converted for in the effort of attracting new medical or biotechnology firms? Answer: lab space Question: Where will the second planned biotechnology district located? Answer: Frontage Road Question: What was the former name of the place now serving as a biotech building on 300 George Street? Answer: SNET telephone building Question: When was the opening of first building in the second biotech district? Answer: late 2009
Context: A pub /pʌb/, or public house is, despite its name, a private house, but is called a public house because it is licensed to sell alcohol to the general public. It is a drinking establishment in Britain, Ireland, New Zealand, Australia, Canada, Denmark and New England. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England. Question: What is the term 'pub' short for? Answer: public house Question: Where in the United States are pubs located? Answer: New England Question: What continental European country has pubs? Answer: Denmark Question: Other than the United States, where in North America are pubs located? Answer: Canada Question: Who said that pubs are the heart of England? Answer: Samuel Pepys
Context: The first permanent settler was Jonathan Lambert, from Salem, Massachusetts, United States, who arrived at the islands in December 1810 with two other men. Lambert publicly declared the islands his property and named them the Islands of Refreshment. After being joined by an Andrew Millet, three of the four men died in 1812; however, the survivor among the original three permanent settlers, Thomas Currie (or Tommaso Corri) remained as a farmer on the island. Question: what was the name of the first long term settler? Answer: Jonathan Lambert Question: what year did the first permanent settler arrive? Answer: December 1810 Question: what did one of the settlers rename the islands? Answer: Islands of Refreshment Question: From where was the last permanent settler to the islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the last permanent settler to the islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which month of 1810 did the last permanent settler arrive to the islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In which year did the last permanent settler arrive at the islands? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where did the only survivor, Thomas Currie, remain a dead man? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: A combined UN civilian and peace-keeping force called UNTAG (United Nations Transition Assistance Group) under Finnish diplomat Martti Ahtisaari was deployed from April 1989 to March 1990 to monitor the peace process, elections and supervise military withdrawals. As UNTAG began to deploy peacekeepers, military observers, police, and political workers, hostilities were briefly renewed on the day the transition process was supposed to begin. After a new round of negotiations, a second date was set and the elections process began in earnest. After the return of SWAPO exiles (over 46,000 exiles), Namibia's first one-person one-vote elections for the constitutional assembly took place in November 1989. The official election slogan was "Free and Fair Elections". This was won by SWAPO although it did not gain the two-thirds majority it had hoped for; the South African-backed Democratic Turnhalle Alliance (DTA) became the official opposition. The elections were peaceful and declared free and fair. Question: What does UNTAG stand for? Answer: United Nations Transition Assistance Group Question: Who was the diplomat for UNTAG? Answer: Martti Ahtisaari Question: What nationality was the diplomat in UNTAG? Answer: Finnish Question: When was the diplomat for UNTAG deployed to supervise withdrawals from Namibia? Answer: April 1989 to March 1990 Question: What was the official election slogan in the first Namibia election? Answer: Free and Fair Elections Question: In what month in 1989 did campaigning begin for the constitutional assembly election? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the head of the SWAPO party? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who backed SWAPO? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what year did Martti Ahtisaarsi become a diplomat? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When had SWAPO members been exiled? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On March 1, 2010 (UTC), many of the original "fat" PlayStation 3 models worldwide were experiencing errors related to their internal system clock. The error had many symptoms. Initially, the main problem seemed to be the inability to connect to the PlayStation Network. However, the root cause of the problem was unrelated to the PlayStation Network, since even users who had never been online also had problems playing installed offline games (which queried the system timer as part of startup) and using system themes. At the same time many users noted that the console's clock had gone back to December 31, 1999. The event was nicknamed the ApocalyPS3, a play on the word apocalypse and PS3, the abbreviation for the PlayStation 3 console. Question: What part of the original model PS3s starting causing problems in March of 2010? Answer: internal system clock Question: What essential network were some users unable to connect to because of the error? Answer: PlayStation Network Question: What erroneous date did some users start seeing on their consoles? Answer: December 31, 1999 Question: What humorous nickname was given to the situation with the console system clock errors? Answer: ApocalyPS3 Question: The name "ApocalyPS3" combines "PS3" with what other word? Answer: apocalypse Question: What part of the original model PS3s starting causing problems in March of 2011? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What essential network were some users able to connect to because of the error? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What erroneous date did some users stop seeing on their consoles? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What humorous nickname was given to the situation with the console system disk errors? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The name "ApocalyPS3" combines "PS2" with what other word? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Weather and climate in the coastal area are dominated by the cold, north-flowing Benguela current of the Atlantic Ocean which accounts for very low precipitation (50 mm per year or less), frequent dense fog, and overall lower temperatures than in the rest of the country. In Winter, occasionally a condition known as Bergwind (German: Mountain breeze) or Oosweer (Afrikaans: East weather) occurs, a hot dry wind blowing from the inland to the coast. As the area behind the coast is a desert, these winds can develop into sand storms with sand deposits in the Atlantic Ocean visible on satellite images. Question: What current dominates the coastal area of Namibia? Answer: Benguela Question: What direction does the current in the coastal area flow? Answer: north Question: Which ocean is on the coastal area of Namibia? Answer: Atlantic Question: What is the condition that happens in winter in Namibia? Answer: Bergwind Question: What do hot dry winds blowing inland to the coast create? Answer: sand storms Question: What lies to the east of Namibia? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the wind direction outside of the coastal area? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the temperature of the wind outside the coastal area? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the German expression for Oosweer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the Afrikaans expression for Bergwind? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: On the following table, green arrows () represent an increase in ranking over the previous study, while red arrows () represent a decrease in ranking. They are followed by the number of spaces they moved. Blue dashes () represent a nation that did not move in the rankings since the previous study. Question: If there is a decrease in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present? Answer: red arrows Question: If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be present? Answer: green arrows Question: If a country's ranking does not change, which indicator will be present? Answer: Blue dash Question: If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will be not present? Answer: Unanswerable Question: If there is an increase in a country's ranking, which indicator will not be present? Answer: Unanswerable Question: If a country's ranking does change, which indicator will be present? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: There are very few existing mosaics from the Komnenian period but this paucity must be due to accidents of survival and gives a misleading impression. The only surviving 12th-century mosaic work in Constantinople is a panel in Hagia Sophia depicting Emperor John II and Empress Eirene with the Theotokos (1122–34). The empress with her long braided hair and rosy cheeks is especially capturing. It must be a lifelike portrayal because Eirene was really a redhead as her original Hungarian name, Piroska shows. The adjacent portrait of Emperor Alexios I Komnenos on a pier (from 1122) is similarly personal. The imperial mausoleum of the Komnenos dynasty, the Pantokrator Monastery was certainly decorated with great mosaics but these were later destroyed. The lack of Komnenian mosaics outside the capital is even more apparent. There is only a "Communion of the Apostles" in the apse of the cathedral of Serres. Question: Why are there so few surviving mosaics from the Komnenian period? Answer: accidents of survival Question: Where is the only existing 12th century mosaic in Constantinople? Answer: Hagia Sophia Question: What deity does the 12th century mosaic in the Hagia Sophia depict? Answer: the Theotokos Question: The empress Eirene had what color hair? Answer: red Question: The only surviving mosaic from the Komnenos dynasty outside Constantinople is in what church? Answer: the cathedral of Serres
Context: Calcined uranium yellowcake, as produced in many large mills, contains a distribution of uranium oxidation species in various forms ranging from most oxidized to least oxidized. Particles with short residence times in a calciner will generally be less oxidized than those with long retention times or particles recovered in the stack scrubber. Uranium content is usually referenced to U 3O 8, which dates to the days of the Manhattan project when U 3O 8 was used as an analytical chemistry reporting standard. Question: What contains a distribution of uranium deoxidation species in various forms ranging from most oxidized to least oxidized? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What contains a distribution of uranium oxidation species in no forms ranging from most oxidized to least oxidized? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will generally be less oxidized than those with short retention times or particles recovered in the stack scrubber? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will generally be less oxidized than those with long retention times or particles replaced in the stack scrubber? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What will never be less oxidized than those with long retention times or particles recovered in the stack scrubber? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The city has a unique status in Brazil, as it is an administrative division rather than a legal municipality like other cities in Brazil. The name 'Brasília' is commonly used as a synonym for the Federal District through synecdoche; However, the Federal District is composed of 31 administrative regions, only one of which is Brasília proper, with a population of 209,926 in a 2011 survey; Demographic publications generally do not make this distinction and list the population of Brasília as synonymous with the population of the Federal District, considering the whole of it as its metropolitan area. The city was one of the main host cities of the 2014 FIFA World Cup. Additionally, Brasília hosted the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup. Question: How many administrative regions does the Federal District have? Answer: 31 Question: What is Brasilia's proper city population? Answer: 209,926 Question: What does Brasilia's metro area consist of? Answer: the Federal District Question: Which World Cup did Brasilia host? Answer: 2014 Question: Which Confederations Cup did Brasilia host? Answer: 2013 Question: What did Brasilia host in 2011? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What unique status does the Federal District have in Brazil? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many synedoche are in Brazil? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the population of Brazil in 2013? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was Brasil a main administrative division of in 2014? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: This change is interesting from a sociolinguistic point of view because it has apparently happened relatively recently, in the 1970s, and was pioneered by older well-educated women from the upper middle classes. The lowering of the diphthongs has long been current in many Dutch dialects, and is comparable to the English Great Vowel Shift, and the diphthongisation of long high vowels in Modern High German, which centuries earlier reached the state now found in Polder Dutch. Stroop theorizes that the lowering of open-mid to open diphthongs is a phonetically "natural" and inevitable development and that Dutch, after having diphthongised the long high vowels like German and English, "should" have lowered the diphthongs like German and English as well. Question: What linguistic event in English could we parallel with the Dutch lowering of diphthongs? Answer: English Great Vowel Shift Question: In what decade did the Dutch diphthong lowering occur? Answer: 1970s Question: The lowering of diphthongs is intriguing partly because it's associated with what single gender? Answer: women Question: What researcher posited that the lowering of diphthongs is "natural"? Answer: Stroop Question: Which language, in addition to German, did Stroop use to compare Dutch with when stating that the diphthongs "should" have lowered? Answer: English
Context: According to Tibetologist John Powers, Tibetan sources counter this narrative of titles granted by the Chinese to Tibetans with various titles which the Tibetans gave to the Chinese emperors and their officials. Tribute missions from Tibetan monasteries to the Chinese court brought back not only titles, but large, commercially valuable gifts which could subsequently be sold. The Ming emperors sent invitations to ruling lamas, but the lamas sent subordinates rather than coming themselves, and no Tibetan ruler ever explicitly accepted the role of being a vassal of the Ming. Question: What was the name of the Tibetologist? Answer: John Powers Question: Who did the Ming emperors send invitations to? Answer: ruling lamas Question: When the lamas received an invite from the emperors, who did they send instead? Answer: subordinates
Context: With his health further deteriorating, Chopin desired to have a family member with him. In June 1849 his sister Ludwika came to Paris with her husband and daughter, and in September, supported by a loan from Jane Stirling, he took an apartment at Place Vendôme 12. After 15 October, when his condition took a marked turn for the worse, only a handful of his closest friends remained with him, although Viardot remarked sardonically that "all the grand Parisian ladies considered it de rigueur to faint in his room." Question: When did his sister come to stay with Chopin? Answer: June 1849 Question: In September 1849 where did Chopin take up residence? Answer: Place Vendôme 12 Question: Which family member came to Paris in June 1849? Answer: his sister Question: Who accompanied Chopin's sister to Paris? Answer: her husband and daughter Question: Who gave Chopin a loan in September for an apartment? Answer: Jane Stirling Question: What did Parisian ladies consider proper etiquette when in Chopin's room? Answer: to faint
Context: In response, the EU decided to fill the gap left behind by the US under the Sandbaek report. According to its Annual Report for 2008, the UNFPA received its funding mainly from European Governments: Of the total income of M845.3 M, $118 was donated by the Netherlands, $67 M by Sweden, $62 M by Norway, $54 M by Denmark, $53 M by the UK, $52 M by Spain, $19 M by Luxembourg. The European Commission donated further $36 M. The most important non-European donor State was Japan ($36 M). The number of donors exceeded 180 in one year. Question: Which European government contributed the most to the UNFPA in 2008? Answer: the Netherlands Question: Which European government contributed the least to the UNFPA in 2008? Answer: Luxembourg Question: Which non-European donor was most important to the UNFPA in 2008? Answer: Japan Question: In 2008, over how many countries contributed to the UNFPA? Answer: 180 Question: Which non-European donor took away their donation to the UNFPA in 2008? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many countries stopped supporting the UNFPA in 2008? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which European government never contributed to the UNFPA in 2008? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What report was not left behind by the US? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What year did UNFPA receive funding mainly from non-European sources? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: By the late Middle Ages, Buddhism had become virtually extinct in India, although it continued to exist in surrounding countries. It is now again gaining strength worldwide. China and India are now starting to fund Buddhist shrines in various Asian countries as they compete for influence in the region.[web 20] Question: China and India are now starting to fund what type of shrines in various Asian countries? Answer: Buddhist
Context: Greece is a developed country with high standards of living[citation needed] and high Human Development Index. Its economy mainly comprises the service sector (85.0%) and industry (12.0%), while agriculture makes up 3.0% of the national economic output. Important Greek industries include tourism (with 14.9 million international tourists in 2009, it is ranked as the 7th most visited country in the European Union and 16th in the world by the United Nations World Tourism Organization) and merchant shipping (at 16.2% of the world's total capacity, the Greek merchant marine is the largest in the world), while the country is also a considerable agricultural producer (including fisheries) within the union. Question: The largest sector of Greece's economy is what? Answer: the service sector Question: What percentage of the economy is Greece's service sector? Answer: 85.0% Question: What percentage of the economy does agriculture comprise? Answer: 3.0% Question: How many tourist visited Greece in 2009? Answer: 14.9 million Question: Greece holds what rank among most visited countries in the world? Answer: 16th
Context: Cubism began between 1907 and 1911. Pablo Picasso's 1907 painting Les Demoiselles d'Avignon has often been considered a proto-Cubist work. Georges Braque's 1908 Houses at L’Estaque (and related works) prompted the critic Louis Vauxcelles to refer to bizarreries cubiques (cubic oddities). Gertrude Stein referred to landscapes made by Picasso in 1909, such as Reservoir at Horta de Ebro, as the first Cubist paintings. The first organized group exhibition by Cubists took place at the Salon des Indépendants in Paris during the spring of 1911 in a room called 'Salle 41'; it included works by Jean Metzinger, Albert Gleizes, Fernand Léger, Robert Delaunay and Henri Le Fauconnier, yet no works by Picasso or Braque were exhibited. Question: Between what years did cubism begin? Answer: 1907 and 1911 Question: In the spring of what year did the first organized exhibition by cubist appear? Answer: 1911 Question: What was the name of the room that the first exhibition of Cubists took place? Answer: Salle 41 Question: Who mentioned the landscapes made by Picasso in the first Cubist paintings? Answer: Gertrude Stein Question: In what city did the first exhibition of Cubists take place? Answer: Paris Question: What happened in 1906? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What painting did Picasso paint in 1908? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What painting did Braque paint in 1907? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the room that the last exhibition of Cubists took place? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what city did the last exhibition of Cubists take place? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: After the American Revolutionary War, Richmond emerged as an important industrial center. To facilitate the transfer of cargo from the flat-bottomed bateaux above the fall line to the ocean-faring ships below, George Washington helped design the James River and Kanawha Canal in the 18th century to bypass Richmond's rapids, with the intent of providing a water route across the Appalachians to the Kanawha River. The legacy of the canal boatmen is represented by the figure in the center of the city flag. As a result of this and ample access to hydropower due to the falls, Richmond became home to some of the largest manufacturing facilities in the country, including iron works and flour mills, the largest facilities of their kind in the South. The resistance to the slave trade was growing by the mid-nineteenth century; in one famous case in 1848, Henry "Box" Brown made history by having himself nailed into a small box and shipped from Richmond to abolitionists in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, escaping slavery. Question: What man-made body of water was designed in part by George Washington? Answer: James River and Kanawha Canal Question: To where was the canal designed by Washington intended to ferry water? Answer: Kanawha River Question: To what city was Henry Brown shipped as freight? Answer: Philadelphia Question: What was Henry Brown's nickname? Answer: Box Question: What sort of economic center was Richmond in the wake of the American Revolution? Answer: industrial
Context: Pesticides may cause acute and delayed health effects in people who are exposed. Pesticide exposure can cause a variety of adverse health effects, ranging from simple irritation of the skin and eyes to more severe effects such as affecting the nervous system, mimicking hormones causing reproductive problems, and also causing cancer. A 2007 systematic review found that "most studies on non-Hodgkin lymphoma and leukemia showed positive associations with pesticide exposure" and thus concluded that cosmetic use of pesticides should be decreased. There is substantial evidence of associations between organophosphate insecticide exposures and neurobehavioral alterations. Limited evidence also exists for other negative outcomes from pesticide exposure including neurological, birth defects, fetal death, Question: Can pesticides have a serious effect on people? Answer: cause acute and delayed health effects Question: What is one of the most serious effects of exposure to pesticides? Answer: cancer Question: What is thought to possibly cause neurobehavioral alterations? Answer: organophosphate insecticide exposures Question: What system is mostly affected by non-Hodgkin lymphoma? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What two things can happen if you are pregnant and being treated for cancer? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What problems do hormones produced by cancer cells cause? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was Non-Hodgkin lymphoma first diagnosed in a patient? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one thing that can be caused by the use of cosmetics? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Ethernet standards require electrical isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds. USB has no such requirement as it was designed for peripherals closely associated with a host computer, and in fact it connects the peripheral and host grounds. This gives Ethernet a significant safety advantage over USB with peripherals such as cable and DSL modems connected to external wiring that can assume hazardous voltages under certain fault conditions. Question: USB was designed for peripherals to be what? Answer: closely associated with a host computer Question: USB connects what? Answer: the peripheral and host grounds Question: Ethernet standards require what? Answer: isolation between the networked device (computer, phone, etc.) and the network cable up to 1500 V AC or 2250 V DC for 60 seconds
Context: In a response to Livingstone, Theodore Dobzhansky argued that when talking about race one must be attentive to how the term is being used: "I agree with Dr. Livingstone that if races have to be 'discrete units,' then there are no races, and if 'race' is used as an 'explanation' of the human variability, rather than vice versa, then the explanation is invalid." He further argued that one could use the term race if one distinguished between "race differences" and "the race concept." The former refers to any distinction in gene frequencies between populations; the latter is "a matter of judgment." He further observed that even when there is clinal variation, "Race differences are objectively ascertainable biological phenomena… but it does not follow that racially distinct populations must be given racial (or subspecific) labels." In short, Livingstone and Dobzhansky agree that there are genetic differences among human beings; they also agree that the use of the race concept to classify people, and how the race concept is used, is a matter of social convention. They differ on whether the race concept remains a meaningful and useful social convention. Question: What must one be attentive to when talking about race? Answer: how the term is being used Question: On what point did Dobzhansky agree with Dr. Livingstone? Answer: if races have to be 'discrete units,' then there are no races Question: What is merely "a matter of judgement"? Answer: "the race concept." Question: While race difference possible to easily see, they need not be given what? Answer: labels Question: Livingston and Dobzhansky disagree on whether the race concept is what? Answer: a meaningful and useful social convention
Context: Thus, the technological ability to detect any infectious agent rapidly and specifically are currently available. The only remaining blockades to the use of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis are in its cost and application, neither of which is insurmountable. The diagnosis of a few diseases will not benefit from the development of PCR methods, such as some of the clostridial diseases (tetanus and botulism). These diseases are fundamentally biological poisonings by relatively small numbers of infectious bacteria that produce extremely potent neurotoxins. A significant proliferation of the infectious agent does not occur, this limits the ability of PCR to detect the presence of any bacteria. Question: What technological ability with regards to detection is currently available? Answer: ability to detect any infectious agent Question: What are the remaining blockades to the use or PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis? Answer: cost and application Question: What are some diseases which won't benefit from PCR methods? Answer: clostridial diseases Question: PCR can't detect the presence of any bacteria when what doesn't occur? Answer: significant proliferation of the infectious agent Question: What supernatural ability with regards to detection is currently available? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are the remaining blockades to the removal of PCR as a standard tool of diagnosis? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are some diseases which help improve PCR methods? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Which blockades to use PCR are currently insurmountable? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What diseases are considered fundamentally biological healing? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The last opus number that Chopin himself used was 65, allocated to the Cello Sonata in G minor. He expressed a deathbed wish that all his unpublished manuscripts be destroyed. At the request of the composer's mother and sisters, however, his musical executor Julian Fontana selected 23 unpublished piano pieces and grouped them into eight further opus numbers (Opp. 66–73), published in 1855. In 1857, 17 Polish songs that Chopin wrote at various stages of his life were collected and published as Op. 74, though their order within the opus did not reflect the order of composition. Question: What was the last number Chopin gave to an opus? Answer: 65 Question: Who was Chopin's musical executor? Answer: Julian Fontana Question: How many unfinished pieces did Julian Fontana make into eight more opus numbers? Answer: 23 Question: Op. 74 is made up of how many Polish songs? Answer: 17 Question: What is the last opus number that Chopin used? Answer: 65 Question: Who grouped 23 unpublished pieces and published them as Opp. 66-73 in 1855? Answer: Julian Fontana Question: When was Op. 74 published? Answer: 1857
Context: In the late 19th century, three European-American middle-class female teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute during the years when it ran its Indian program. In the late nineteenth century, Charles Eastman, a physician of European and Sioux ancestry who trained at Boston University, married Elaine Goodale, a European-American woman from New England. They met and worked together in Dakota Territory when she was Superintendent of Indian Education and he was a doctor for the reservations. His maternal grandfather was Seth Eastman, an artist and Army officer from New England, who had married a Sioux woman and had a daughter with her while stationed at Fort Snelling in Minnesota. Question: Who was a doctor? Answer: Charles Eastman Question: Who was the doctor related to? Answer: Seth Eastman Question: Who did the relative of the doctor marry? Answer: Sioux woman Question: Who met their husbands at the Hampton institute? Answer: three European-American middle-class female teachers Question: What tribe was Eastman related to? Answer: Sioux Question: How many African-American teachers married Indigenous American men they had met at Hampton Institute? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What was the name of the woman Seth Eastman married? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was a lawyer of European and Sioux ancestry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did Seth Eastman have a son with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where was Seth Eastman stationed in South Dakota? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: In late 2002, the Internet Archive removed various sites that were critical of Scientology from the Wayback Machine. An error message stated that this was in response to a "request by the site owner." Later, it was clarified that lawyers from the Church of Scientology had demanded the removal and that the site owners did not want their material removed. Question: Web pages that contained content critical of what religous movement were taken off of the Internet Archive in 2002? Answer: Scientology Question: Who was mistakenly credited for having the sites with criticism of Scientology removed from the Internet Archive? Answer: the site owner Question: Who was the actual party that requested the critical sites be taken down? Answer: Church of Scientology Question: Web pages that contained content critical of what religious movement were taken off of the Wayback Machine in 2002? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was mistakenly credited for having the sites with criticism of Scientology removed from the Wayback Machine? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who was the actual party that requested the Wayback Machine to be taken down? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Church of Scientology remove files? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who did not want the Wayback Machine removed? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Portugal has arguably the most liberal laws concerning possession of illicit drugs in the Western world. In 2001, Portugal decriminalized possession of effectively all drugs that are still illegal in other developed nations including, but not limited to, cannabis, cocaine, heroin, and LSD. While possession is legal, trafficking and possession of more than "10 days worth of personal use" are still punishable by jail time and fines. People caught with small amounts of any drug are given the choice to go to a rehab facility, and may refuse treatment without consequences. Despite criticism from other European nations, who stated Portugal's drug consumption would tremendously increase, overall drug use has declined along with the number of HIV infection cases, which had dropped 50 percent by 2009. Drug use among 16- to 18-year-olds also declined, however the use of marijuana rose only slightly among that age group. Question: In which year did Portugal decriminalize drug possession? Answer: 2001 Question: How much of a drug is legal to possess? Answer: 10 days worth of personal use Question: What option is allowed to those caught with small amounts of drugs? Answer: go to a rehab facility Question: By 2009, by how much had the rate of HIV infection decreased? Answer: 50 percent
Context: There is no cure for asthma. Symptoms can be prevented by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by the use of inhaled corticosteroids. Long-acting beta agonists (LABA) or antileukotriene agents may be used in addition to inhaled corticosteroids if asthma symptoms remain uncontrolled. Treatment of rapidly worsening symptoms is usually with an inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist such as salbutamol and corticosteroids taken by mouth. In very severe cases, intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, and hospitalization may be required. Question: Is there a cure for asthma? Answer: There is no cure for asthma Question: How can symptoms be prevented? Answer: by avoiding triggers, such as allergens and irritants, and by the use of inhaled corticosteroids Question: What is taken by mouth to treat rapidly worsening symptoms? Answer: an inhaled short-acting beta-2 agonist such as salbutamol and corticosteroids Question: What happens in very severe cases of asthma? Answer: intravenous corticosteroids, magnesium sulfate, and hospitalization may be required Question: Is there a cure for long acting beta agonists? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How can symptoms of long acting beta agonists be prevented? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How do you treat LABA if it gets worse? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is one thing you need to take if your LABA is severe? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What may you need if your LABA is life threatening? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: The first blue-violet LED using magnesium-doped gallium nitride was made at Stanford University in 1972 by Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines, doctoral students in materials science and engineering. At the time Maruska was on leave from RCA Laboratories, where he collaborated with Jacques Pankove on related work. In 1971, the year after Maruska left for Stanford, his RCA colleagues Pankove and Ed Miller demonstrated the first blue electroluminescence from zinc-doped gallium nitride, though the subsequent device Pankove and Miller built, the first actual gallium nitride light-emitting diode, emitted green light. In 1974 the U.S. Patent Office awarded Maruska, Rhines and Stanford professor David Stevenson a patent for their work in 1972 (U.S. Patent US3819974 A) and today magnesium-doping of gallium nitride continues to be the basis for all commercial blue LEDs and laser diodes. These devices built in the early 1970s had too little light output to be of practical use and research into gallium nitride devices slowed. In August 1989, Cree introduced the first commercially available blue LED based on the indirect bandgap semiconductor, silicon carbide (SiC). SiC LEDs had very low efficiency, no more than about 0.03%, but did emit in the blue portion of the visible light spectrum.[citation needed] Question: The first blue-violet LED was developed at what University? Answer: Stanford Question: When was the first blue-violet LED developed? Answer: 1972 Question: What students developed the first blue-violet LED? Answer: Herb Maruska and Wally Rhines Question: What substance helped demonstrate the first blue electroluminescence? Answer: zinc-doped gallium nitride Question: The first red-violet LED was developed at what University? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When was the first red-violet LED developed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What students developed the first red-violet LED? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What substance helped demonstrate the first red electroluminescence? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Most migrations begin with the birds starting off in a broad front. Often, this front narrows into one or more preferred routes termed flyways. These routes typically follow mountain ranges or coastlines, sometimes rivers, and may take advantage of updrafts and other wind patterns or avoid geographical barriers such as large stretches of open water. The specific routes may be genetically programmed or learned to varying degrees. The routes taken on forward and return migration are often different. A common pattern in North America is clockwise migration, where birds flying North tend to be further West, and flying South tend to shift Eastwards. Question: How do most migrations begin? Answer: the birds starting off in a broad front Question: What to the migrating birds usually follow? Answer: mountain ranges or coastlines Question: What obsticals will migrating birds avoid? Answer: large stretches of open water Question: What is a common pattern in North America migration? Answer: clockwise Question: What are the preferred routes for migration called? Answer: flyways
Context: In 1970, the New Haven Black Panther trials took place, the largest and longest trials in Connecticut history. Black Panther Party co-founder Bobby Seale and ten other Party members were tried for murdering an alleged informant. Beginning on May Day, the city became a center of protest for 12,000 Panther supporters, college students, and New Left activists (including Jean Genet, Benjamin Spock, Abbie Hoffman, Jerry Rubin, and John Froines), who amassed on the New Haven Green, across the street from where the trials were being held. Violent confrontations between the demonstrators and the New Haven police occurred, and several bombs were set off in the area by radicals. The event became a rallying point for the New Left and critics of the Nixon Administration. Question: What New Haven trial is known to be the longest in the history of Connecticut? Answer: New Haven Black Panther trials Question: In what year did the New Haven Black Panther trials take place in New Haven? Answer: 1970 Question: Who was the co-founder of the Black Panthers that was placed on trial in New Haven? Answer: Bobby Seale Question: What day marked the beginning of New Haven being overwhelmed by 12,000 individuals protesting the Black Panther trials? Answer: May Day Question: In what central New Haven location did protesters of the Black Panther trials congregate? Answer: New Haven Green Question: What political movement group is known in within city among non whites? Answer: Black Panther Question: How many attended the trials of the Black Panther in 1970? Answer: 12,000 Question: The protest of trial result in what specifically? Answer: Violent confrontations Question: The protest also initiate the start of criticizing what presidential administration? Answer: the Nixon Administration Question: What was the name of one of the party's leader that also happen to be on trial? Answer: Bobby Seale
Context: In the PAL region, which covers most of Africa, Asia, Europe, and Oceania, Twilight Princess is the best-selling entry in the Zelda series. During its first week, the game was sold with three of every four Wii purchases. The game had sold 5.82 million copies on the Wii as of March 31, 2011[update], and 1.32 million on the GameCube as of March 31, 2007[update]. Question: What is the name of the area which includes most countries not located in North, Central or South America? Answer: PAL Question: How many units of the Wii version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2011? Answer: 5.82 million Question: How many units of the GameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007? Answer: 1.32 million Question: What region is Twilight Princess the best -selling Zelda entry? Answer: PAL region Question: How many copies of the game had been sold as of March 2011? Answer: 5.82 million Question: How many copies of the game had been sold on Gamecube as of March 2007? Answer: 1.32 million Question: How many unites of the CameCube version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2011? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many units of the Wii version of Twilight Princess had been purchased by the end of March 2007? Answer: Unanswerable Question: In what region is Twilight Princess the best-selling Wii entry? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many copies of PAL had been sold as of March 2011? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of the area which includes most countries located in North, Central, and South America? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Plant ecology is the science of the functional relationships between plants and their habitats—the environments where they complete their life cycles. Plant ecologists study the composition of local and regional floras, their biodiversity, genetic diversity and fitness, the adaptation of plants to their environment, and their competitive or mutualistic interactions with other species. The goals of plant ecology are to understand the causes of their distribution patterns, productivity, environmental impact, evolution, and responses to environmental change. Question: What are plant habitats? Answer: environments where they complete their life Question: What is the goal of plant ecology? Answer: to understand Question: What is the study of plants and the environment in which they live? Answer: Plant ecology Question: What do plants do in their environment? Answer: interactions with other species
Context: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can coexist with asthma and can occur as a complication of chronic asthma. After the age of 65 most people with obstructive airway disease will have asthma and COPD. In this setting, COPD can be differentiated by increased airway neutrophils, abnormally increased wall thickness, and increased smooth muscle in the bronchi. However, this level of investigation is not performed due to COPD and asthma sharing similar principles of management: corticosteroids, long acting beta agonists, and smoking cessation. It closely resembles asthma in symptoms, is correlated with more exposure to cigarette smoke, an older age, less symptom reversibility after bronchodilator administration, and decreased likelihood of family history of atopy. Question: What is a complication of chronic asthma? Answer: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Question: If you are 65 years old and have an obstructive airway disesase, you are more likely to have what other conditions? Answer: asthma and COPD Question: How is COPD differentiated? Answer: by increased airway neutrophils, abnormally increased wall thickness, and increased smooth muscle in the bronchi Question: Why is this not determined in a patient with COPD? Answer: due to COPD and asthma sharing similar principles of management Question: What are the principles of management for asthma and COPD? Answer: corticosteroids, long acting beta agonists, and smoking cessation Question: What is a complication of family history of chronic atopy? Answer: Unanswerable Question: If you smoke after 65, what two conditions will you also have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How can you tell who has stopped smoking and who hasn't? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What principles of management are used for increased airway neutrophils and smoking cessation? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are two things that make a doctor want to investigate family history of atopy? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Other public festivals were not required by the calendar, but occasioned by events. The triumph of a Roman general was celebrated as the fulfillment of religious vows, though these tended to be overshadowed by the political and social significance of the event. During the late Republic, the political elite competed to outdo each other in public display, and the ludi attendant on a triumph were expanded to include gladiator contests. Under the Principate, all such spectacular displays came under Imperial control: the most lavish were subsidised by emperors, and lesser events were provided by magistrates as a sacred duty and privilege of office. Additional festivals and games celebrated Imperial accessions and anniversaries. Others, such as the traditional Republican Secular Games to mark a new era (saeculum), became imperially funded to maintain traditional values and a common Roman identity. That the spectacles retained something of their sacral aura even in late antiquity is indicated by the admonitions of the Church Fathers that Christians should not take part. Question: What type of festivals happened when events warranted them? Answer: fulfillment of religious vows Question: What is an example of an event organized religious celebration? Answer: The triumph Question: In what aspect of the festival did political figures try to out do each other? Answer: public display Question: Under what auspices did public displays come during the Principate? Answer: Imperial Question: Who paid for the most lavish of festival events? Answer: emperors
Context: In November 2008, economist Dean Baker observed: "There is a really good reason for tighter credit. Tens of millions of homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago have little or nothing today. Businesses are facing the worst downturn since the Great Depression. This matters for credit decisions. A homeowner with equity in her home is very unlikely to default on a car loan or credit card debt. They will draw on this equity rather than lose their car and/or have a default placed on their credit record. On the other hand, a homeowner who has no equity is a serious default risk. In the case of businesses, their creditworthiness depends on their future profits. Profit prospects look much worse in November 2008 than they did in November 2007... While many banks are obviously at the brink, consumers and businesses would be facing a much harder time getting credit right now even if the financial system were rock solid. The problem with the economy is the loss of close to $6 trillion in housing wealth and an even larger amount of stock wealth. Question: According to economist Dean Baker, a homeowner who has no equity if this type default risk? Answer: serious Question: What is one of the major problems with the economy in November 2008? Answer: loss of close to $6 trillion in housing wealth Question: How many homeowners who had substantial equity in their homes two years ago, have little no equity as of November 2008? Answer: Tens of millions Question: What does the creditworthiness of businesses depend on? Answer: future profits Question: How did profit prospects for businesses look in November 2008 compared to November 2007? Answer: much worse
Context: Napoleon knew that the French fleet could not defeat the Royal Navy in a head-to-head battle, so he planned to lure it away from the English Channel through diversionary tactics. The main strategic idea involved the French Navy escaping from the British blockades of Toulon and Brest and threatening to attack the West Indies. In the face of this attack, it was hoped, the British would weaken their defense of the Western Approaches by sending ships to the Caribbean, allowing a combined Franco-Spanish fleet to take control of the channel long enough for French armies to cross and invade. However, the plan unraveled after the British victory at the Battle of Cape Finisterre in July 1805. French Admiral Villeneuve then retreated to Cádiz instead of linking up with French naval forces at Brest for an attack on the English Channel. Question: Napoleon acknowledged that the fleet of France was no match for what rival fleet in direct combat? Answer: the Royal Navy Question: Napoleon's plan to divert the British involved a French Navy attack on what islands? Answer: the West Indies. Question: Napoleon hoped an attack on the West Indies would cause the British to lessen their defenses where? Answer: the Western Approaches Question: Napoleon's naval plan came apart after British triumph at which Battle? Answer: the Battle of Cape Finisterre Question: When did the Battle of Cape Finisterre occur? Answer: July 1805
Context: The category of Native American applies to the diverse group of people who lived in North America before European settlement. During the U.S. government's westward expansion, Native Americans were displaced from their land which had been their home for centuries. Instead, they were forced onto reservations which were far smaller and less productive. According to Brest, land belonging to Native Americans was reduced from 138 million acres in 1887 to 52 million acres in 1934. In 1990, the poverty rate for Native Americans was more than triple that of the whites and only 9.4% of Native Americans have completed a bachelor's degree as opposed to 25.2% of whites and 12.2% of African Americans. Question: Which groups can be categorized as Native Americans? Answer: people who lived in North America before European settlement Question: When did the Native Americans lose their land? Answer: During the U.S. government's westward expansion Question: Where were Native Americans forced to live after they lost their land? Answer: reservations Question: How much land did the Native Americans own in 1934? Answer: 52 million acres Question: In relation to whites, what was the poverty rate for Native Americans in 1990? Answer: more than triple Question: Which groups can be categorized as Non-Native Americans? Answer: Unanswerable Question: When did the Native Americans win their land? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where were Native Americans forced to live after they won their land? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How much land did the Native Americans own in 1914? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Enisa Kafadar argues that there is only one Serbo-Croatian language with several varieties. This has made possible to include all four varieties into a new grammar book. Daniel Bunčić concludes that it is a pluricentric language, with four standard variants spoken in Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. The mutual intelligibility between their speakers "exceeds that between the standard variants of English, French, German, or Spanish". Other linguists have argued that the differences between the variants of Serbo-Croatian are less significant than those between the variants of English, German,, Dutch, and Hindi-Urdu. Question: How many standard variants of the Serbo-Croatian are spoken? Answer: four Question: In which areas are the four standard Serbo-Croatian variants spoken? Answer: Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Question: Who concluded that Serbo-Croatian is a pluricentric language? Answer: Daniel Bunčić Question: Who believes Serbo-Croatian is one language with multiple variants? Answer: Enisa Kafadar Question: What do the Dutch argue about language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the conclustion by Hindi-Urdu about Serbo-Croation language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: How many varieties does Enisa Kafadar aruge there are in Hindi-Urdu? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is incluced into a new pluricentric language? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where are four variants of English spoken? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Local chemist William Cookworthy established his somewhat short-lived Plymouth Porcelain venture in 1768 to exploit the recently discovered deposits of local China Clay - an industry which continues to make up a portion of the city income. As an associate and host of engineer John Smeaton he was indirectly involved with the development of the Eddystone Lighthouse. Question: Who founded Plymouth Porcelain? Answer: William Cookworthy Question: In what year was Plymouth Porcelain founded? Answer: 1768 Question: What was William Cookworthy's profession? Answer: chemist Question: What was the name of the engineer involved in the construction of the Eddystone Lighthouse? Answer: John Smeaton
Context: The degree to which adolescents are perceived as autonomous beings varies widely by culture, as do the behaviors that represent this emerging autonomy. Psychologists have identified three main types of autonomy: emotional independence, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy. Emotional autonomy is defined in terms of an adolescent's relationships with others, and often includes the development of more mature emotional connections with adults and peers. Behavioral autonomy encompasses an adolescent's developing ability to regulate his or her own behavior, to act on personal decisions, and to self-govern. Cultural differences are especially visible in this category because it concerns issues of dating, social time with peers, and time-management decisions. Cognitive autonomy describes the capacity for an adolescent to partake in processes of independent reasoning and decision-making without excessive reliance on social validation. Converging influences from adolescent cognitive development, expanding social relationships, an increasingly adultlike appearance, and the acceptance of more rights and responsibilities enhance feelings of autonomy for adolescents. Proper development of autonomy has been tied to good mental health, high self-esteem, self-motivated tendencies, positive self-concepts, and self-initiating and regulating behaviors. Furthermore, it has been found that adolescents' mental health is best when their feelings about autonomy match closely with those of their parents. Question: What are the three main types of autonomy? Answer: emotional independence, behavioral autonomy, and cognitive autonomy Question: How is behavioral autonomy defined? Answer: encompasses an adolescent's developing ability to regulate his or her own behavior, to act on personal decisions, and to self-govern Question: Adolescent cultural differences are especially visible in which type of autonomy? Answer: Behavioral Question: How is cognitive autonomy defined? Answer: the capacity for an adolescent to partake in processes of independent reasoning and decision-making without excessive reliance on social validation Question: Is an adolescent's mental health at its best when their feelings of autonomy match closely with their parents or when they are at odds? Answer: match closely
Context: Neptune has a planetary ring system, though one much less substantial than that of Saturn. The rings may consist of ice particles coated with silicates or carbon-based material, which most likely gives them a reddish hue. The three main rings are the narrow Adams Ring, 63,000 km from the centre of Neptune, the Le Verrier Ring, at 53,000 km, and the broader, fainter Galle Ring, at 42,000 km. A faint outward extension to the Le Verrier Ring has been named Lassell; it is bounded at its outer edge by the Arago Ring at 57,000 km. Question: What system, like Saturn, does Neptune have? Answer: planetary ring system Question: What might Neptune's rings consist of? Answer: ice particles Question: What might the ice particles of Neptune's rings be coated with? Answer: silicates or carbon-based material Question: Where is Adams ring from the center of Neptune? Answer: 63,000 km Question: Where is the La Verrier ring from the center of Neptune? Answer: 53,000 km Question: What system, like Jupiter, does Neptune have? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What doesn't Neptune's rings consist of? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What isn't the ice particles of Neptune's rings coated with? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is Johns ring from the center of Neptune? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Where is the Walter ring from the center of Neptune? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: An early advantage of AC is that the power-wasting resistors used in DC locomotives for speed control were not needed in an AC locomotive: multiple taps on the transformer can supply a range of voltages. Separate low-voltage transformer windings supply lighting and the motors driving auxiliary machinery. More recently, the development of very high power semiconductors has caused the classic "universal" AC/DC motor to be largely replaced with the three-phase induction motor fed by a variable frequency drive, a special inverter that varies both frequency and voltage to control motor speed. These drives can run equally well on DC or AC of any frequency, and many modern electric locomotives are designed to handle different supply voltages and frequencies to simplify cross-border operation. Question: What was a disadvantage of DC system? Answer: power-wasting resistors Question: How can different range of voltages be supplied for AC locomotives? Answer: multiple taps on the transformer Question: What taps can provide lighting supply? Answer: low-voltage transformer windings Question: What will AC/DC motor be replaced with? Answer: three-phase induction motor Question: What is the main advantage of an induction motor? Answer: can run equally well on DC or AC of any frequency Question: What was an early disadvantage of AC? Answer: Unanswerable Question: One taps on the transformer can supply what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: The development of low power semiconductors caused what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: No modern electric locomotives are designed to handle what? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Combined low-voltage transformer windings supply what? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Another source of loanwords was Old Norse, which came into contact with Old English via the Scandinavian rulers and settlers in the Danelaw from the late 9th century, and during the rule of Cnut and other Danish kings in the early 11th century. Many place-names in eastern and northern England are of Scandinavian origin. Norse borrowings are relatively rare in Old English literature, being mostly terms relating to government and administration. The literary standard, however, was based on the West Saxon dialect, away from the main area of Scandinavian influence; the impact of Norse may have been greater in the eastern and northern dialects. Certainly in Middle English texts, which are more often based on eastern dialects, a strong Norse influence becomes apparent. Modern English contains a great many, often everyday, words that were borrowed from Old Norse, and the grammatical simplification that occurred after the Old English period is also often attributed to Norse influence. Question: During what century did Cnut rule? Answer: 11th Question: What was Cnut's nationality? Answer: Danish Question: During what century did Scandinavians begin to settle in England? Answer: 9th Question: What language was a source for English loanwords that are still used today? Answer: Old Norse Question: Along with eastern England, what part of England contains many place names of Scandinavian origin? Answer: northern Question: How did the Norse borrow words from Old English? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who influenced the English language starting in the 900's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: Who ruled in the 1100's? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What led to more complicated grammar after the Old English period? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Vaiśeṣika metaphysical premises are founded on a form of atomism, that the reality is composed of four substances (earth, water, air, fire). Each of these four are of two types: atomic (paramāṇu) and composite. An atom is, according to Vaiśeṣika scholars, that which is indestructible (anitya), indivisible, and has a special kind of dimension, called “small” (aṇu). A composite, in this philosophy, is defined to be anything which is divisible into atoms. Whatever human beings perceive is composite, while atoms are invisible. The Vaiśeṣikas stated that size, form, truths and everything that human beings experience as a whole is a function of atoms, their number and their spatial arrangements, their guṇa (quality), karma (activity), sāmānya (commonness), viśeṣa (particularity) and amavāya (inherence, inseparable connectedness of everything). Question: According to Vaisesika philosophy, how many substances comprise reality? Answer: four Question: What are the substances of Vaisesika reality? Answer: earth, water, air, fire Question: Of what does Vaisesika philosophy say the things are made ? Answer: atoms Question: According to Vaisesika what is divisible into atoms? Answer: composite Question: What form are atoms in Vaisesika? Answer: invisible Question: How many realities are there? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What does Vaisesika teach is able to be destroyed? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is not a function of atoms? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What is the name of a substance's special dimension? Answer: Unanswerable Question: What are atoms divided into? Answer: Unanswerable
Context: Around the second century BC the first-known city-states emerged in central Myanmar. The city-states were founded as part of the southward migration by the Tibeto-Burman-speaking Pyu city-states, the earliest inhabitants of Myanmar of whom records are extant, from present-day Yunnan. The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India, importing Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts which would have an enduring influence on later Burmese culture and political organisation. Question: What period was the first known city states established in Myanmar? Answer: Around the second century BC Question: From what people have were the first records known to be existent derived from? Answer: from present-day Yunnan Question: Were any of the early civilizations influenced by each other and if so by what how did it occur? Answer: The Pyu culture was heavily influenced by trade with India Question: What Myanmar import from other countries that has been of major importance? Answer: Buddhism as well as other cultural, architectural and political concepts
Context: An armed rebellion beginning in 1956 by the African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) under the leadership of Amílcar Cabral gradually consolidated its hold on then Portuguese Guinea. Unlike guerrilla movements in other Portuguese colonies, the PAIGC rapidly extended its military control over large portions of the territory, aided by the jungle-like terrain, its easily reached borderlines with neighbouring allies, and large quantities of arms from Cuba, China, the Soviet Union, and left-leaning African countries. Cuba also agreed to supply artillery experts, doctors, and technicians. The PAIGC even managed to acquire a significant anti-aircraft capability in order to defend itself against aerial attack. By 1973, the PAIGC was in control of many parts of Guinea, although the movement suffered a setback in January 1973 when Cabral was assassinated. Question: What group started an armed rebellion in Guinea-Bissau? Answer: African Party for the Independence of Guinea and Cape Verde (PAIGC) Question: When did the armed rebellion begin? Answer: 1956 Question: Who was the leader of the armed rebellion? Answer: Amílcar Cabral Question: Who supplied doctors and technicians to the rebels? Answer: Cuba Question: When was Cabral assassinated? Answer: January 1973

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