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207467 | Deep Earth Chemistry of the Core | Core formation represents the major chemical differentiation event on the terrestrial planets, involving the separation of a metallic liquid from the silicate matrix that subsequently evolves into the current silicate crust and mantle. The generation of the Earth’s magnetic field is ultimately tied to the segregation and crystallization of the core, and is an important factor in establishing planetary habitability. The processes that control core segregation and the depths and temperatures at which this process took place are poorly understood, however. We propose to study those processes. Specifically, the density of the core is lower than would be expected for pure iron, indicating that a light component (O, Si, S, C, H) must be present. Similarly, the Earth’s mantle is richer in iron-loving (“siderophile”) elements, e.g, V, W, Mo, Ru, Pd, etc., than would be expected based upon low pressure metal-silicate partitioning data. Solutions to these problems are hampered by the pressure range of existing experimental data, < 25 GPa, equivalent to ~700 km in the Earth. We propose to extend the accessible range of pressures and temperatures by developing protocols that link the laser-heated diamond anvil cell with analytical techniques such as (i) the NanoSIMS, (ii) the focused ion beam device (FIB), (iii) and transmission and secondary electron microscopy, allowing us to obtain quantitative data on element partitioning and chemical composition at extreme conditions relevant to the Earth’s lower mantle. The technical motivation follows from the fact that the real limitation on trace element partitioning studies at ultra high-pressure has been the grain size of the phases produced at high P-T, relative to the spatial resolution of the analytical methods available to probe the experiments; we can bridge the gap by combining state-of-the-art laser heating experiments with new nano-scale analytical techniques. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1002/fld.3947 | High-order ADER-WENO ALE schemes on unstructured triangular meshes-application of several node solvers to hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics | In this paper, we present a class of high-order accurate cell-centered arbitrary Lagrangian-Eulerian (ALE) one-step ADER weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) finite volume schemes for the solution of nonlinear hyperbolic conservation laws on two-dimensional unstructured triangular meshes. High order of accuracy in space is achieved by a WENO reconstruction algorithm, while a local space-time Galerkin predictor allows the schemes to be high order accurate also in time by using an element-local weak formulation of the governing PDE on moving meshes. The mesh motion can be computed by choosing among three different node solvers, which are for the first time compared with each other in this article: the node velocity may be obtained either (i) as an arithmetic average among the states surrounding the node, as suggested by Cheng and Shu, or (ii) as a solution of multiple one-dimensional half-Riemann problems around a vertex, as suggested by Maire, or (iii) by solving approximately a multidimensional Riemann problem around each vertex of the mesh using the genuinely multidimensional Harten-Lax-van Leer Riemann solver recently proposed by Balsara et al. Once the vertex velocity and thus the new node location have been determined by the node solver, the local mesh motion is then constructed by straight edges connecting the vertex positions at the old time level t<sup>n</sup> with the new ones at the next time level t<sup>n+1</sup>. If necessary, a rezoning step can be introduced here to overcome mesh tangling or highly deformed elements. The final ALE finite volume scheme is based directly on a space-time conservation formulation of the governing PDE system, which therefore makes an additional remapping stage unnecessary, as the ALE fluxes already properly take into account the rezoned geometry. In this sense, our scheme falls into the category of direct ALE methods. Furthermore, the geometric conservation law is satisfied by the scheme by construction. We apply the high-order algorithm presented in this paper to the Euler equations of compressible gas dynamics as well as to the ideal classical and relativistic magnetohydrodynamic equations. We show numerical convergence results up to fifth order of accuracy in space and time together with some classical numerical test problems for each hyperbolic system under consideration. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
683000 | Cellular and molecular mechanisms of metabolic immune activation triggering non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and HCC | Overweight and metabolic syndrome are reaching pandemic dimensions in industrialized countries and are rising in developing countries. Clinically these diseases can manifest in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most frequent liver disease world-wide. A significant number of NAFLD patients develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), making NASH-driven HCC the most rapidly increasing cancer in the USA, with a similar trend in Europe. While HCC is the second most common cause of cancer related death, the mechanisms triggering NASH and subsequent HCC are poorly understood and efficacious therapies are lacking. My group has strong expertise in inflammation-driven HCC (e.g. by Hepatitis B, C viruses). Recently, we have established a mouse model of NASH-driven HCC recapitulating human pathology in the context of metabolic syndrome. We demonstrated for the first time that CD8+ T- and natural killer T (NKT)-cells become activated during metabolic syndrome, cross-talk with hepatocytes and alter hepatic lipid metabolism causing NASH and HCC. We found an identical profile of CD8+T and NKT-cell activation in human NASH underlining the clinical relevance of our model. As the mechanisms of immune cell activation in NASH and transition to HCC remain unknown, this research proposal aims to (1) Identify the priming cell types in metabolic CD8+ T-, NKT-cell activation and the molecular mechanisms of immune cell-hepatocyte crosstalk. (2) Determine the role of antigen recognition and danger- or pathogen-associated molecular patterns in NASH/HCC. (3) Identify the environmental and genetic determinants of NASH to HCC transition. Our findings will enhance the understanding of NASH and HCC development by identifying the underlying mechanisms of immune cell activation. We will identify genetic changes facilitating NASH to HCC transition and whether metabolic normalization of former NASH patients suffices to significantly reduce HCC. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W193422886 | [A case of hyperammonemic encephalopathy related to 5-FU in an aged patient with recurrent colon cancer treated with FOLFIRI therapy]. | We report a case of hyperammonemic encephalopathy related to 5-FU in an aged patient with recurrent colon cancer treated with FOLFIRI therapy. An 80-year-old man underwent right hemicolectomy for cecal cancer. After 10 months, surgical resection was performed for its local recurrence. He was then treated with FOLFIRI therapy, and during the fifth course, he presented with a sudden onset of congestive disturbances. Through radiographic examination and laboratory data, only hyperammonemia was found; he was therefore diagnosed with hyperammonemic encephalopathy. By starting branchedamino acid solutions for its treatment, his consciousness and serum ammonia were promptly improved. Hyperammonemic encephalopathy related 5-FU is caused by increasing ammonia production and its metabolic inhibition, and is worsened by renal dysfunction, dehydration, constipation, infections, or body weight loss. On account of the potential decrease of metabolic function of liver and kidney, an aged person tends to have hyperammonnemia more than a youth. Clinicians should be aware of the adverse events associated with hyperammonemia when then administer a large amount of 5-FU to elderly patients. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2015/06/038 | Massive Graviton On Arbitrary Background Derivation Syzygies Applications | We give the detailed derivation of the fully covariant form of the quadratic action and the derived linear equations of motion for a massive graviton in an arbitrary background metric (which were presented in arXiv:1410. 8302 [hep-th]). Our starting point is the de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT) family of ghost free massive gravities and using a simple model of this family, we are able to express this action and these equations of motion in terms of a single metric in which the graviton propagates, hence removing in particular the need for a “reference metric' which is present in the non perturbative formulation. We show further how 5 covariant constraints can be obtained including one which leads to the tracelessness of the graviton on flat space-time and removes the Boulware-Deser ghost. This last constraint involves powers and combinations of the curvature of the background metric. The 5 constraints are obtained for a background metric which is unconstrained, i. e. which does not have to obey the background field equations. We then apply these results to the case of Einstein space-times, where we show that the 5 constraints become trivial, and Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker space-times, for which we correct in particular some results that appeared elsewhere. To reachmore » our results, we derive several non trivial identities, syzygies, involving the graviton fields, its derivatives and the background metric curvature. These identities have their own interest. We also discover that there exist backgrounds for which the dRGT equations cannot be unambiguously linearized. « less | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1002/bit.24972 | Dorsal and ventral stimuli in sandwich-like microenvironments. Effect on cell differentiation | While most of the in vivo extracellular matrices are 3D, most of the in vitro cultures are 2D-where only ventral adhesion is permitted-thus modifying cell behavior as a way to self-adaptation to this unnatural environment. We hypothesize that the excitation of dorsal receptors in cells already attached on a 2D surface (sandwich culture) could cover the gap between 2D and 3D cell-material interactions and result in a more physiological cell behavior. In this study we investigate the role of dorsal stimulation on myoblast differentiation within different poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) sandwich-like microenvironments, including plain material and aligned fibers. Enhanced cell differentiation levels were found for cells cultured with dorsal fibronectin-coated films. Seeking to understand the underlying mechanisms, experiments were carried out with (i) different types of dorsal stimuli (FN, albumin, FN after blocking the RGD integrin-binding site and activating dorsal cell integrin receptors), (ii) in the presence of an inhibitor of cell contractility, and (iii) increasing the frequency of culture medium changes to assess the effect of paracrine factors. Furthermore, FAK and integrin expressions, determined by Western blotting, revealed differences between cell sandwiches and 2D controls. Results show a stimuli-dependent response to dorsal excitation, proving that integrin outside-in signaling is involved in the enhanced cell differentiation. Due to their easiness and versatility, these sandwich-like systems are excellent candidates to get deeper insights into the study of 3D cell behavior and to direct cell fate within multilayer constructs. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
3727156 | Irb predoctoral fellowship programme: attracting international talent (irb_dream) | IRB Barcelona is a world-class research centre conducting multidisciplinary research of excellence at the unique interface between biology, chemistry and medicine and devoted to understanding fundamental questions about human health and disease. One of the main missions of the Institute is to provide young life scientists with the opportunity to train and conduct research in a unique and multidisciplinary scientific environment. IRB_DREAM is an innovative initiative that will offer 10 four-year fellowships in two separate calls to young and talented researchers to undertake their PhD theses in one of the 27 laboratories at IRB Barcelona. IRB_DREAM seeks to revamp IRB Barcelona’s current PhD Programme by adding an innovative dimension, namely the customization of both the training offer and career development, to its already recognised excellence in research. To implement this enhanced training approach, IRB_DREAM not only counts on a unique training offer carefully designed to promote the 3i aspect but it particularly fosters much valued secondments and other initiatives aimed at enhancing the impact of the results and the career prospects of candidates beyond academia. In this regard, the objectives of IRB_DREAM are fully aligned with IRB Barcelona´s mid-term strategic objectives: to enhance the international visibility of the Institute, to boost translational research by devoting resources to new collaborations with hospitals, and to continue promoting knowledge and new technology transfer to the industrial sector. Fellows will be selected through an independent committee of experts, thereby ensuring transparency and equal treatment of all applications. All of IRB Barcelona’s research programmes will be open to applications from IRB_DREAM fellows. The IRB_DREAM programme will specifically bolster the career development of highly talented scientists and strengthen the biomedical sciences in general. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1088/1361-6528/aa8e5c | Characterization of highly crystalline lead iodide nanosheets prepared by room-temperature solution processing | Two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting materials are particularly appealing for many applications. Although theory predicts a large number of 2D materials, experimentally only a few of these materials have been identified and characterized comprehensively in the ultrathin limit. Lead iodide, which belongs to the transition metal halides family and has a direct bandgap in the visible spectrum, has been known for a long time and has been well characterized in its bulk form. Nevertheless, studies of this material in the nanometer thickness regime are rather scarce. In this article we demonstrate an easy way to synthesize ultrathin, highly crystalline flakes of PbI2 by precipitation from a solution in water. We thoroughly characterize the produced thin flakes with different techniques ranging from optical and Raman spectroscopy to temperature-dependent photoluminescence and electron microscopy. We compare the results to ab initio calculations of the band structure of the material. Finally, we fabricate photodetectors based on PbI2 and study their optoelectronic properties. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2073680488 | The value of testicular ‘mapping’ in men with non-obstructive azoospermia | As the field of assisted reproduction has advanced, many previously untreatable men are now biological fathers. Although finding sperm in men with obstructive azoospermia is not difficult, locating and retrieving spermatozoa in men with non-obstructive azoospermia remains a clinical challenge, largely because sperm production in these men can be patchy or focal in nature. In response to this challenge, strategies such as fine-needle aspiration (FNA) mapping have been developed to find spermatozoa. This review discusses the history, evolution and current clinical utility and findings with FNA mapping for male infertility). Review of the current literature in the English language on FNA (diagnostic or therapeutic) with a keyword focuses on sperm detection, retrieval, safety and complications. FNA was described in human medicine over 100 years ago. Testis FNA was described 45 years ago and FNA 'mapping' of spermatozoa was described in 1997. This comparative review of the literature on sperm detection and complication rates with FNA and open testis biopsy or microdissection procedures suggests that FNA is highly informative, minimally invasive and is associated with fewer complications than other commonly used approaches to sperm detection in non-obstructive azoospermic patients. FNA mapping has gained considerable traction as an informative, 'testis sparing' technique for sperm detection in non-obstructive azoospermia. With knowledge of sperm presence and location prior to sperm retrieval, FNA maps can help clinicians tailor sperm retrieval to optimize time, effort and extent of procedures needed to procure spermatozoa in these difficult cases. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
Q4769469 | THE WORKSHOP OF CIFELLI NICOLINO | OPERATING COMPANY SINCE 2016 CARRYING OUT MECHATRONIC SECTION SELF-REPAIR ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED BY THE OWNER CIFELLI NICOLINO, FOR MANY YEARS EMPLOYED IN THE SELF-REPAIR SECTOR, BOTH AS OWNER PREVIOUSLY AND AS AN EMPLOYEE. SELF REPAIRS NICOLA OFFERS COMPUTERISED DIAGNOSIS, RECHARGING OF AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS FOR MOTOR VEHICLES, MECHANICAL REPAIRS, REPLACEMENT BRAKE PADS, COUPONS, TESTS, INTERVENTIONS ON ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONIC SYSTEM, BALANCING WHEELS AND IS AIMED AT A VARIED MARKET, WITH CUSTOMERS LOCATED THROUGHOUT THE PROVINCE OF IMPERIA. TODAY THE COMPANY IS HEADQUARTERED IN THE MUNICIPALITY OF TAGGIA, IN A VERY LARGE SPACE EQUIPPED WITH LIFT BRIDGES, TYRE DISMANTLING, BALANCING MACHINE, SELF-DIAGNOSIS, CLIMATE CHARGING STATION, TROLLEYS, SHOCK ABSORBERS, GRINDER, COMPRESSORS AND SMALL TOOLING OF VARIOUS KINDS. FOLLOWING THE SUBSTANTIAL TRANSFER OF THE HEADQUARTERS, THE COMPANY REQUESTED AND OBTAINED FROM HONDA L’EXCLUSIVITA’ | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1142/S0218202517500580 | Adaptive Isogeometric Methods With Hierarchical Splines Optimality And Convergence Rates | We consider an adaptive isogeometric method (AIGM) based on (truncated) hierarchical B-splines and continue the study of its numerical properties. We prove that our AIGM is optimal in the sense that delivers optimal convergence rates as soon as the solution of the underlying partial differential equation belongs to a suitable approximation class. The main tool we use is the theory of adaptive methods, together with a local upper bound for the residual error indicators based on suitable properties of a well selected quasi-interpolation operator on hierarchical spline spaces. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1145/3304111 | Parallel Bayesian Search With No Coordination | Coordinating the actions of agents (e. g. , volunteers analyzing radio signals in SETIchome) yields efficient search algorithms. However, such an efficiency is often at the cost of implementing complex coordination mechanisms which may be expensive in terms of communication and/or computation overheads. Instead, non-coordinating algorithms, in which each agent operates independently from the others, are typically very simple, and easy to implement. They are also inherently robust to slight misbehaviors, or even crashes of agents. In this article, we investigate the “price of non-coordinating,” in terms of search performance, and we show that this price is actually quite small. Specifically, we consider a parallel version of a classical Bayesian search problem, where set of k≥1 searchers are looking for a treasure placed in one of the boxes indexed by positive integers, according to some distribution p. Each searcher can open a random box at each step, and the objective is to find the treasure in a minimum number of steps. We show that there is a very simple non-coordinating algorithm which has expected running time at most 4(1−1/k+1)2 OPT+10, where OPT is the expected running time of the best fully coordinated algorithm. Our algorithm does not even use the precise description of the distribution p, but only the relative likelihood of the boxes. We prove that, under this restriction, our algorithm has the best possible competitive ratio with respect to OPT. For the case where a complete description of the distribution p is given to the search algorithm, we describe an optimal non-coordinating algorithm for Bayesian search. This latter algorithm can be twice as fast as our former algorithm in practical scenarios such as uniform distributions. All these results provide a complete characterization of non-coordinating Bayesian search. The take-away message is that, for their simplicity and robustness, non-coordinating algorithms are viable alternatives to complex coordinating mechanisms subject to significant overheads. Most of these results apply as well to linear search, in which the indices of the boxes reflect their relative importance, and where important boxes must be visited first. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
2721425 | Fostering earth observation market uptake thanks to natural and holistic access to added value data generated through cutting-edge artificial intelligence technologies | SnapEarth will unlock new value, derive actionable service ideas on top of EO big data collections, and anticipate future
priorities by leveraging cutting-edge Artificial Intelligence and Cloud technologies and tools. Thanks to an innovative cloud
agnostic product, SafeScale that is already operational on Copernicus RUS project led by CSSI, users and service providers
on top of SnapEarth will benefit, in a transparent way, from processing platforms and data collections provided by any of the
future C-DIAS and any cloud provider. This cloud brokering solution is providing a performant, cost effective environment,
also protecting their investment, for the future third parties which are building their own services. The major breakthrough of
SnapEarth comes with a new data analytics service, EarthSignature, which aims to automatically extract semantic
information from satellite imagery. The extracted semantic information will be indexed by QWANT search engine and then
be easily accessible to a wide range of user communities. EO experts and third parties will be able to train deep learning
processing chains using their database of labelled EO images. The database will be near real time enriched. Therefore,
SnapEarth allows the market move from analysing EO Big Data towards realizing Fast Data. It makes possible to buy basic
imagery analysis as a commodity – much like we buy foundation data today. Several user communities are ready to engage
in this new approach. SnapEarth proposes already several pilots projects. The first one (EarthSearch) will boost QWANT
number of users through access to this wealth of data through natural language. The second one (EarthPress) involves
press users who are very interested having contextual data linked to news. The following ones are linked to several EO
vertical markets: EarthClimate, Agri, and Food. The last one EarthSelf-service is dedicated to professional third parties in the
same model of the DIAS but ensuring independence. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.actbio.2015.11.060 | Amorphous polyphosphate-hydroxyapatite: A morphogenetically active substrate for bone-related SaOS-2 cells in vitro | There is increasing evidence that inorganic calcium-polyphosphates (polyP) are involved in human bone hydroxyapatite (HA) formation. Here we investigated the morphology of the particles, containing calcium phosphate (CaP) with different concentrations of various Na-polyP concentrations, as well as their effects in cell culture. We used both SaOS-2 cells and human mesenchymal stem cells. The polymeric phosphate readily binds calcium ions under formation of insoluble precipitates. We found that addition of low concentrations of polyP (<10 wt. %, referred to the CaP deposits) results in an increased size of the HA crystals. Surprisingly, at higher polyP concentrations (>10 wt. %) the formation of crystalline HA is prevented and amorphous polyP/HA hybrid particles with a size of ≈50 nm are formed, most likely consisting of polyP molecules linked via Ca2+ bridges to the surface of the CaP deposits. Further studies revealed that the polyP-CaP particles cause a strong upregulation of the expression of the genes encoding for two marker proteins of bone formation, collagen type I and alkaline phosphatase. Based on their morphogenetic activity the amorphous polyP-CaP particles offer a promising material for the development of bone implants, formed from physiological inorganic precursors/polymers. Statement of significance Hydroxyapatite (HA) is a naturally occurring mineral of vertebrate bone. Natural HA, a bio-ceramic material which is crystalline to different scale, has been used as a biomaterial to fabricate scaffolds for in situ bone regeneration and other tissue engineering purposes. In contrast to natural HA, synthetic apatite is much less effective. In general, while HA is bioactive, its interaction and biocompatibility with existing bone tissue is low. These properties have been attributed to a minimal degradability in the physiological environment. In the present study we introduce a new Ca-phosphate (CaP) fabrication technology, starting from calcium chloride and dibasic ammonium phosphate with the HA characteristic Ca/P molar ratio of 10:6 and report that after addition >10% (by weight) of polyphosphate (polyP) amorphous CaP/HA samples were obtained. Those samples elicits strong morphogenetic activity let us to conclude that polyP/HA-based material might be beneficial for application as bone substitute implant. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.3389/fgene.2014.00452 | Global diversification o f a tropical plant growth form: Environmental correlates and historical contingencies in climbing palms | Tropical rain forests (TRF) are the most diverse terrestrial biome on Earth, but the diversification dynamics of their constituent growth forms remain largely unexplored. Climbing plants contribute significantly to species diversity and ecosystem processes in TRF. We investigate the broad-scale patterns and drivers of species richness as well as the diversification history of climbing and non-climbing palms (Arecaceae). We quantify to what extent macroecological diversity patterns are related to contemporary climate, forest canopy height and paleoclimatic changes. We test whether diversification rates are higher for climbing than non-climbing palms and estimate the origin of the climbing habit. Climbers account for 22% of global palm species diversity mostly concentrated in Southeast Asia. Global variation in climbing palm species richness can be partly explained by past andpresent-day climate and rain forest canopy height, but regional differences in residual species richness after accounting for current and past differences in environment suggest a strong role of historical contingencies in climbing palm diversification. Climbing palms show a higher net diversification rate than non-climbers. Diversification analysis of palms detected a diversification rate increase along the branches leading to the most species-rich clade of climbers. Ancestral character reconstructions revealed that the climbing habit originated between early Eocene and Miocene. These results imply that changes from non-climbing to climbing habit may have played an important role in palm diversification, resulting in the origin of one fifth of all palm species. We suggest that, in addition to current climate and paleoclimatic changes after the late Neogene, present-day diversity of climbing palms can be explained by morpho-anatomical innovations, the biogeographic history of Southeast Asia, and/or ecological opportunities due to the diversification of high-stature dipterocarps in Asian TRFs. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1039/C1CE05884C | Zinc Ii Coordination Polymers Metallohexacycles And Metallocapsules Do We Understand Self Assembly In Metallosupramolecular Chemistry Algorithms Or Serendipity | Using a strategy of layering solvents and solutions of ligands and metal salts under ambient conditions, we observe the assembly of a discrete molecular metallohexacycle from ZnCl2 and 4′-(4-ethynylphenyl)-4,2′:6′,4′′-terpyridine, polycatenated, triply interlocked metallocapsules from ZnI2 and 4′-(4-pyridyl)-4,2′:6′,4′′-terpyridine, and 1-dimensional coordination polymers from either ZnCl2 or ZnI2 with 4′-{4-(3-chloropyridyl)}-4,2′:6′,4′′-terpyridine. On the basis of these studies and a comparison with related structures in the literature, we urge crystal engineers to be wary of drawing conclusions about self-assembly algorithms in solution using data from single crystal determinations. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W4298204543 | Conhecimento das boas práticas ao parto por parte dos profissionais de enfermagem: uma revisão integrativa da literatura | Introdução: A assistência obstétrica era marcada por excesso de intervenções e não como evento natural e fisiológico. O surgimento das recomendações da Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS) para as boas práticas ao parto trouxeram evidências a fim de promover uma boa qualidade de assistência ao parto. Material e Métodos: Revisão Integrativa da Literatura. A pergunta norteadora foi: “Qual o conhecimento científico produzido acerca da aplicabilidade das Boas Práticas do Parto por profissionais de enfermagem na assistência ao parto”. Os descritores utilizados foram: cuidado perinatal, parto humanizado, enfermagem obstétrica, por meio do operador booleano AND. As bases de dados utilizadas foram PubMed, LILACS e CINAHL. Critérios de inclusão: artigos completos dos anos de 2005 à 2020, disponíveis em Inglês, Português e Espanhol, de métodos quantitativo. Foram excluídos artigos que não corresponderam ao período estabelecido; publicações repetidas, artigos de Revisão de Literatura, e estudos não quantitativos. Resultados: Foram localizados 1468 artigos, no entanto apenas 4 se enquadraram no critério de inclusão do estudo. Todos os artigos tiveram o enfermeiro como profissional de enfermagem. Há um aumento das boas práticas ao parto quando o enfermeiro obstetra está presente, devido ao seu conhecimento. Em alguns hospitais algumas práticas desfavoráveis e usadas de maneira inapropriada ainda persistem, apesar de ter diminuído com o conhecimento do enfermeiro obstetra. Conclusão: a Enfermagem Obstétrica é componente fundamental na assistência humanizada ao parto, reduzindo assim o risco de práticas claramente prejudiciais ou que são utilizadas de modo inapropriado e incentivando boas práticas ao parto e nascimento. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1088/0964-1726/20/5/055024 | The Actuation Characterization Of Cantilevered Unimorph Beams With Single Crystal Piezoelectric Materials | An experimental and theoretical electromechanical characterization of beam-like, uniform cross-section, unimorph structures employing single crystal piezoelectrics is presented. The purpose of the research is to understand and compare the actuation capabilities of several piezoelectric materials and substrate configurations so that optimal design choices can be employed in lightweight, low power aerodynamic applications. Monolithic devices made from three kinds of piezoelectrics?single crystal PMN?PZT (lead magnesium niobate?lead zirconate titanate) and the polycrystalline PZT-5A and PZT-5H types?are compared in a unimorph cantilevered beam configuration. A total of 24 unimorph specimens are fabricated and the validity of existing models is examined through experimentation. The tip velocity response to harmonic voltage excitation is measured and compared to the analytical prediction with the perfect bonding assumption. Summarizing, it was confirmed that the substrate-to-piezoelectric thickness ratio and substrate modulus are the important design parameters in determining the measured output of the unimorphs and the accuracy of the model prediction. The single crystal piezoelectrics demonstrated actuation authority two to four times higher (measured in terms of peak displacement per applied voltage) when compared to the polycrystalline piezoceramics for the same substrate material and geometry choice. In contrast to the higher actuation output, practical implementation issues are noted for the single crystal devices. The lack of grain boundaries (as in the polycrystalline material) makes the single crystals very 'brittle' and susceptible to stress concentrations. Another important limitation is the low transition temperature, which limits the use of conventional solder materials in creating electrical connections. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/MSP.2010.936015 | Convex Optimization Based Beamforming | In this article, an overview of advanced convex optimization approaches to multisensor beamforming is presented, and connections are drawn between different types of optimization-based beamformers that apply to a broad class of receive, transmit, and network beamformer design problems. It is demonstrated that convex optimization provides an indispensable set of tools for beamforming, enabling rigorous formulation and effective solution of both long-standing and emerging design problems. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
852590 | High Throughput Microfluidic Cell and Nanoparticle Handling by Molecular and Thermal Gradient Acoustic Focusing | In this project we will push the limits of microscale ultrasound-based technology to gain access to diagnostically important rare constituents of blood within minutes from blood draw.
To meet the demands for shorter time from sampling to result in healthcare there is an increased interest to shift from heavy centralized lab equipment to point-of-care tests and patient self-testing. Key challenges with point-of-care equipment is to enable simultaneous measurement of many parameters at a reasonable cost and size of equipment. Therefore, microscale technologies that can take in small amounts of blood and output results within minutes are sought for. In addition, the high precision and potential for multi-stage serial processing offered by such microfluidic methods opens up for fast and automated isolation of rare cell populations, such as circulating tumor cells, and controlled high-throughput size fractionation of sub-micron biological particles, such as platelets, pathogens and extracellular vesicles.
To achieve effective and fast separation of blood components we will expose blood to acoustic radiation forces in a flow-through format. By exploiting a newly discovered acoustic body force, that stems from local variations the acoustic properties of the cell suspension, we can generate self-organizing configurations of the blood cells. We will tailor and tune the acoustic cell-organization in novel ways by time modulation of the acoustic field, by altering the acoustic properties of the fluid by solute molecules, and by exploiting a novel concept of sound interaction with thermal gradients.
The project will render new fundamental knowledge regarding the acoustic properties of single cells and an extensive theoretical framework for the response of cells in any aqueous medium, bounding geometry and sound field, potentially leading to new diagnostic methods. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.cels.2017.02.008 | A Predictive 3D Multi-Scale Model of Biliary Fluid Dynamics in the Liver Lobule | Bile, the central metabolic product of the liver, is transported by the bile canaliculi network. The impairment of bile flow in cholestatic liver diseases has urged a demand for insights into its regulation. Here, we developed a predictive 3D multi-scale model that simulates fluid dynamic properties successively from the subcellular to the tissue level. The model integrates the structure of the bile canalicular network in the mouse liver lobule, as determined by high-resolution confocal and serial block-face scanning electron microscopy, with measurements of bile transport by intravital microscopy. The combined experiment-theory approach revealed spatial heterogeneities of biliary geometry and hepatocyte transport activity. Based on this, our model predicts gradients of bile velocity and pressure in the liver lobule. Validation of the model predictions by pharmacological inhibition of Rho kinase demonstrated a requirement of canaliculi contractility for bile flow in vivo. Our model can be applied to functionally characterize liver diseases and quantitatively estimate biliary transport upon drug-induced liver injury. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jmb.2014.03.012 | Why have small multidrug resistance proteins not evolved into fused, internally duplicated structures? | The increasing number of solved membrane protein structures has led to the recognition of a common feature in a large fraction of the small-molecule transporters: inverted repeat structures, formed by two fused homologous membrane domains with opposite orientation in the membrane. An evolutionary pathway in which the ancestral state is a single gene encoding a dual-topology membrane protein capable of forming antiparallel homodimers has been posited. A gene duplication event enables the evolution of two oppositely orientated proteins that form antiparallel heterodimers. Finally, fusion of the two genes generates an internally duplicated transporter with two oppositely orientated membrane domains. Strikingly, however, in the small multidrug resistance (SMR) family of transporters, no fused, internally duplicated proteins have been found to date. Here, we have analyzed fused versions of the dual-topology transporter EmrE, a member of the SMR family, by blue-native PAGE and in vivo activity measurements. We find that fused constructs give rise to both intramolecular inverted repeat structures and competing intermolecular dimers of varying activity. The formation of several intramolecularly and intermolecularly paired species indicates that a gene fusion event may lower the overall amount of active protein, possibly explaining the apparent absence of fused SMR proteins in nature. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
884664 | Overcoming chromatin restricted DNA access | Differential gene expression programs account for the diversity of cell types in our body. They are controlled by intricate networks of sequence-specific transcription factors (TFs) that operate in the context of chromatin. Chromatin is itself an essential component of this process, and is part of the system that selectively restricts DNA access for TFs. As a consequence, most TFs only bind to a small subset of their motif occurrences, in a way we currently do not fully understand. Our inability to predict binding of a TF based on its cognate motif and location in the genome is a serious obstacle towards predictive models of gene regulation.
DNAccess has the ambitious goal to define in vivo the sensitivities of TFs to nucleosomes and their reliance on chromatin remodeling enzymes for binding. Using novel genomics and genome editing tools we will: (a) systematically vary TF motifs, presence of nucleosomes and their modifications at a defined chromosomal locus and quantify resulting TF binding; (b) explore genome-wide the ability of ectopic TFs to engage with a chromatinized genome in the absence of host cofactor engagement; (c) dissect chromatin remodeler dependent TF binding in order to define temporal order and subcomplex function and (d) deconstruct remodeler recruitment by mutating TF interaction domains.
DNAccess will build a highly integrated setup to comprehensively characterize how nucleosomes, their modifications and mobility restricts genome access. We will characterize existing chromatin barriers and identify how TFs overcome them. This represents a crucial step towards a comprehensive understanding of the role of chromatin in gene regulation, and will advance our understanding of how specificity is generated in large eukaryotic genomes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.016 | Circadian clocks and feeding time regulate the oscillations and levels of hepatic triglycerides | Circadian clocks play a major role in orchestrating daily physiology, and their disruption can evoke metabolic diseases such as fatty liver and obesity. To study the role of circadian clocks in lipid homeostasis, we performed an extensive lipidomic analysis of liver tissues from wild-type and clock-disrupted mice either fed ad libitum or night fed. To our surprise, a similar fraction of lipids (∼17%) oscillated in both mouse strains, most notably triglycerides, but with completely different phases. Moreover, several master lipid regulators (e. g. , PPARα) and enzymes involved in triglyceride metabolism retained their circadian expression in clock-disrupted mice. Nighttime restricted feeding shifted the phase of triglyceride accumulation and resulted in ∼50% decrease in hepatic triglyceride levels in wild-type mice. Our findings suggest that circadian clocks and feeding time dictate the phase and levels of hepatic triglyceride accumulation; however, oscillations in triglycerides can persist in the absence of a functional clock. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
773245 | Isotopic links to atmopheric water's sources | The hydrological cycle, with its feedbacks related to water vapour and clouds, is the largest source of uncertainty in weather prediction and climate models. Particularly processes that occur on scales smaller than the model grid lead to errors, which can compensate one another, making them difficult to detect and correct for. Undetectable compensating errors critically limit the understanding of hydrological extremes, the response of the water cycle to a changing climate, and the interpretation of paleoclimate records. Stable water isotopes have a unique potential to serve as the needed constraints, as they provide measures of moisture origin and of the phase change history. We have recently spearheaded a revised view of the atmospheric water cycle, which highlights the importance of connections on a regional scale. This implies that in some areas, all relevant processes can be studied on a regional scale. The Nordic Seas are an ideal case of such a natural laboratory, with distinct evaporation events, shallow transport processes, and swift precipitation formation. Together with recent technological advances in isotope measurements and in-situ sample collection, this will allow us to acquire a new kind of observational data set that will follow the history of water vapour from source to sink. The high-resolution, high-precision isotope data will provide a combined view of established and novel natural isotopic source tracers and set new benchmarks for climate models. A unique palette of sophisticated model tools will allow us to decipher, synthesize and exploit these observations, and to identify compensating errors between water cycle processes in models. In ISLAS, my team and I will thus make unprecedented use of stable isotopes to provide the sought-after constraints for an improved understanding of the hydrological cycle in nature and in climate models, leading towards improved predictions of future climate. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1109/TIM.2015.2508279 | Recursive Discrete Time Models For Continuous Time Systems Under Band Limited Assumptions | Discrete-time models are very convenient to simulate a nonlinear system on a computer. In order to build the discrete-time simulation models for the nonlinear feedback systems (which is a very important class of systems in many applications) described as y(t) = g1(u(t), y(t)), one has to solve at each time step a nonlinear algebraic loop for y(t). If a delay is present in the loop, i. e. , y(t) = g2(u(t), y(t -1)), fast recursive simulation models can be developed and the need to solve the nonlinear differential-algebraic equations is removed. In this paper, we use the latter to model the nonlinear feedback system using recursive discrete-time models. Theoretical error bounds for such kind of approximated models are provided in the case of band-limited signals, and furthermore, a measurement methodology is proposed for quantifying and validating the output error bounds experimentally. | [
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
679843 | Smart Monitoring, Inspection and Life-Cycle Assessment of Wind Turbines | The excessive energy consumption that Europe is faced with, calls for sustainable resource management and policy-making. Amongst renewable sources of the global energy pool, wind energy holds the lead. Nonetheless, wind turbine (WT) facilities are conjoined with a number of shortcomings relating to their short life-span and the lack of efficient management schemes. With a number of WTs currently reaching their design span, stakeholders and policy makers are convinced of the necessity for reliable life-cycle assessment methodologies. However, existing tools have not yet caught up with the maturity of the WT technology, leaving visual inspection and offline non-destructive evaluation methods as the norm.
This proposal aims to establish a smart framework for the monitoring, inspection and life-cycle assessment of WTs, able to guide WT operators in the management of these assets from cradle-to-grave. Our project is founded on a minimal intervention principle, coupling easily deployed and affordable sensor technology with state-of-the-art numerical modeling and data processing tools. An integrated approach is proposed comprising: (i) a new monitoring paradigm for WTs relying on fusion of structural response information, (ii) simulation of influential, yet little explored, factors affecting structural response, such as structure-foundation-soil interaction and fatigue (ii) a stochastic framework for detecting anomalies in both a short- (damage) and long-term (deterioration) scale.
Our end goal is to deliver a “protection-suit” for WTs comprising a hardware (sensor) solution and a modular readily implementable software package, titled ETH-WINDMIL. The suggested kit aims to completely redefine the status quo in current Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition systems. This pursuit is well founded on background work of the PI within the area of structural monitoring, with a focus in translating the value of information into quantifiable terms and engineering practice. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
322621 | Evolutionary strategy for plant breeding | Large proportions of eukaryotic genomes consist of transposable elements (TEs), predominantly of retrotransposons. They are generally considered as intra-chromosomal parasites. However, their periodical activity bursts influenced organization of host genomes and contributed to beneficial traits. Remarkably, number of transposon generated phenotypic innovations was subsequently selected by humans during plant domestication and breeding. Therefore, retrotransposons could be also considered as attractive endogenous source of genetic variation. Unfortunately so far there is no experimental/technological means to exploit this potential in a controlled fashion.
Recently my laboratory revealed surprisingly selective epigenetic, environmental and developmental mechanisms controlling retrotransposition in Arabidopsis. Here, I intend to build on this knowledge and establish well controlled retrotransposition system a crop plant to liberate its innate genetic diversity buried in silenced TEs.
To achieve this, I propose a stepwise strategy with the following three objectives:
1. Deeper understanding of molecular mechanisms and environmental cues controlling retrotransposition in Arabidopsis thaliana and use this model plant to develop universal methodology for detection of retrotransposition.
2. Transfer the knowledge and methodologies to non model plant. I propose to use Arabidopsis lyrata as close relative of A. thaliana, however with 50% enlarged genome due to expansion of retrotransposon populations.
3. Using methodologies and experimental conditions developed for A. thaliana and A. lyrata we will apply them to maize where we can also take advantage of genetic resources (mutants in epigenetic regulation) in conjunction with responses to selected abiotic stresses.
If the progress towards above listed objectives was swift, I will initiate collaboration with a corn breeding company to create EVOBREED generated population for evaluation of its phenotypic diversity. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
US 2021/0064936 W | NOVEL INSECT INHIBITORY PROTEINS | Pesticidal proteins exhibiting inhibitory, suppressive, and toxic activity against Lepidopteran pest species are disclosed, and include, but are not limited to, TIC4064 and TIC4064 amino acid sequence variants. DNA constructs are provided which contain a recombinant nucleic acid sequence encoding one or more of the disclosed pesticidal proteins. Transgenic plants, plant cells, seed, and plant parts resistant to Lepidopteran infestation are provided which contain recombinant nucleic acid sequences encoding the pesticidal proteins of the present invention. Methods for detecting the presence of the recombinant nucleic acid sequences or the proteins of the present invention in a biological sample, and methods of controlling Lepidopteran species pests using any of the TIC4064 and TIC4064 amino acid sequence variant pesticidal proteins are also provided. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/0031-8949/91/4/043003 | Implementations For Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution | Device-independent quantum key distribution (DIQKD) generates a secret key among two parties in a provably secure way without making assumptions about the internal working of the devices used in the protocol. The main challenge for a DIQKD physical implementation is that the data observed among the two parties must violate a Bell inequality without fair-sampling, since otherwise the observed correlations can be faked with classical resources and security can no longer be guaranteed. In spite of the advances recently made to achieve higher detection efficiencies in Bell experiments, DIQKD remains experimentally difficult at long distances due to the exponential increase of loss in the channel separating the two parties. Here we describe and analyze plausible solutions to overcome the crucial problem of channel loss in the frame of DIQKD physical implementations. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms9693 | Cooperation is related to dispersal patterns in Sino-Tibetan populations | There is growing recognition in both evolutionary biology and anthropology that dispersal is key to establishing patterns of cooperation. However, some models predict that cooperation is more likely to evolve in low dispersal (viscous) populations, while others predict that local competition for resources inhibits cooperation. Sex-biased dispersal and extra-pair mating may also have an effect. Using economic games in Sino-Tibetan populations with strikingly different dispersal patterns, we measure cooperation in 36 villages in southwestern China; we test whether social structure is associated with cooperative behaviour toward those in the neighbourhood. We find that social organization is associated with levels of cooperation in public goods and dictator games and a resource dilemma; people are less cooperative towards other villagers in communities where dispersal by both sexes is low. This supports the view that dispersal for marriage played an important role in the evolution of large-scale cooperation in human society. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2013/11/061 | Dark Matter Production From Goldstone Boson Interactions And Implications For Direct Searches And Dark Radiation | The stability of the dark matter particle could be attributed to the remnant $Z_2$ symmetry that arises from the spontaneous breaking of a global U(1) symmetry. This plausible scenario contains a Goldstone boson which, as recently shown by Weinberg, is a strong candidate for dark radiation. We show in this paper that this Goldstone boson, together with the CP-even scalar associated to the spontaneous breaking of the global U(1) symmetry, plays a central role in the dark matter production. Besides, the mixing of the CP-even scalar with the Standard Model Higgs boson leads to novel Higgs decay channels and to interactions with nucleons, thus opening the possibility of probing this scenario at the LHC and in direct dark matter search experiments. We carefully analyze the latter possibility and we show that there are good prospects to observe a signal at the future experiments LUX and XENON1T provided the dark matter particle was produced thermally and has a mass larger than ~25 GeV. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1109/TNSRE.2016.2608925 | Uncertainty Quantification Of Oscillation Suppression During Dbs In A Coupled Finite Element And Network Model | Models of the cortico-basal ganglia network and volume conductor models of the brain can provide insight into the mechanisms of action of deep brain stimulation (DBS). In this study, the coupling of a network model, under parkinsonian conditions, to the extracellular field distribution obtained from a three dimensional finite element model of a rodent’s brain during DBS is presented. This coupled model is used to investigate the influence of uncertainty in the electrical properties of brain tissue and encapsulation tissue, formed around the electrode after implantation, on the suppression of oscillatory neural activity during DBS. The resulting uncertainty in this effect of DBS on the network activity is quantified using a computationally efficient and non-intrusive stochastic approach based on the generalized Polynomial Chaos. The results suggest that variations in the electrical properties of brain tissue may have a substantial influence on the level of suppression of oscillatory activity during DBS. Applying a global sensitivity analysis on the suppression of the simulated oscillatory activity showed that the influence of uncertainty in the electrical properties of the encapsulation tissue had only a minor influence, in agreement with previous experimental and computational studies investigating the mechanisms of current-controlled DBS in the literature. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1002/emmm.201000125 | Disruption of the SapM locus in Mycobacterium bovis BCG improves its protective efficacy as a vaccine against M. tuberculosis | Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) provides only limited protection against pulmonary tuberculosis. We tested the hypothesis that BCG might have retained immunomodulatory properties from its pathogenic parent that limit its protective immunogenicity. Mutation of the molecules involved in immunomodulation might then improve its vaccine potential. We studied the vaccine potential of BCG mutants deficient in the secreted acid phosphatase, SapM, or in the capping of the immunomodulatory ManLAM cell wall component with α-1,2-oligomannoside. Both systemic and intratracheal challenge of mice with Mycobacterium tuberculosis following vaccination showed that the SapM mutant, compared to the parental BCG vaccine, provided better protection: it led to longer-term survival. Persistence of the SapM-mutated BCG in vivo resembled that of the parental BCG indicating that this mutation will likely not compromise the safety of the BCG vaccine. The SapM mutant BCG vaccine was more effective than the parental vaccine in inducing recruitment and activation of CD11c+MHC-IIintCD40int dendritic cells (DCs) to the draining lymph nodes. Thus, SapM acts by inhibiting recruitment of DCs and their activation at the site of vaccination. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
GB 1961921 A | An improved method of and means for compensating for wear in driving chains | 187,042. Nuttall, P. July 21, 1921. Rivet and bush extractors.-The pitch of worn chains is restored by turning the pins and bushes to bring unworn parts thereof into bearing contact. A roller chain is secured upon a support by teeth 2, 3, 4 engaging between the rollers, and by a wedge pin 6 inserted through an aperture in the tooth 3. The narrow ends of stepped plungers 16 are pressed against two chain studs by a screw 13 to force them out of one of the outer link plates. These plungers are then withdrawn and corresponding plungers 18 actuated from the opposite side of the chain to free the second outer link plate. The plungers abut against plates 24 slidable upon rods 11 which carry slides 9, 10 wherein the plungers are slidable and rotatable. The slides can be pressed towards the chain by reduced ends 14 of the screws 13, and the plates 24 are similarly actuated by the main body of the screws. After freeing the outer link plates, the studs are held between the opposing plungers and these are turned together with the studs by handles 21, 23. Packing pieces 27, 28 are then removed from behind the plate 24 of the slide 10, which allows this to be advanced, without moving the plungers, to replace one outer plate upon the turned studs. These connected studs and link plate are then removed from the chain, and the adjacent inner link plates are operated upon similarly, but by the wider parts of the plungers, to remove, turn, and replace the bushes. The connected studs and outer link plate are then replaced, and the remaining outer link plate forced on to the studs. To enable " silent " chains to be operated upon, they are secured by screws 52 upon holders 47 shaped as shown in Fig. 7. Interchangeable chain-holders may be clamped between the opposing halves 7, 8 of the bed of the apparatus. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.lingua.2013.03.006 | Interpreting numerals and scalar items under memory load | A sentence such as 'John has four children' can be interpreted as meaning either that John has at least four children (weak reading), or that John has exactly four children (strong reading). On the classical neo-Gricean view, this ambiguity is similar to the ambiguity generated by scalar terms such as 'some', for which both a weak reading (i. e. , some or all) and a strong reading (i. e. , some but not all) are available. On this view, the strong reading of numerals, just like the strong reading of 'some', is derived as a scalar implicature, taking the weak reading as semantically given. However, more recent studies have found substantial differences between the two phenomena. For instance, the syntactic distribution of the strong reading is not the same in both cases, and young children's performance in certain specific tasks has suggested that they acquire the strong reading of numerals before they acquire the strong reading of standard scalar items. Using a dual task approach, we provide evidence for another type of difference between numerals and standard scalar items. We show that tapping memory resources has opposite effects on bare numerals and on 'some'. Under high cognitive load, participants report fewer implicatures for sentences involving 'some' (compared to low cognitive load conditions), but they report more strong readings for sentences involving bare numerals. We discuss the implications of this result for current theoretical debates regarding the semantics and pragmatics of numerals. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1080/00268976.2013.809490 | Effective Time Independent Studies On Resonance Raman Spectroscopy Of Trans Stilbene Including The Duschinsky Effect | We simulate the resonance Raman spectra of trans-stilbene using a recently developed time-independent method that allows computations of the full two-dimensional spectrum as a function of the incident and scattered frequencies, including both the Franck–Condon and the Herzberg–Teller contributions. The potential energy surfaces (PESs) of the ground and resonant states are described in the harmonic approximation using density functional theory PBE0/6-31+G(d,p) calculations in gas phase and in cyclohexane. The simulated spectra are in good agreement with the experimental data [J. Chem. Phys. 83, 5000 (1985)] measured at four different excitation wavelengths, and allow us to unambiguously assign the main experimental bands. We perform an extensive comparison of the performance of four different vertical or adiabatic models for the PES of the resonant state, dissecting the effects of nuclear displacements and Duschinsky mixings on the spectra. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1555559775 | Development of a wheeled inverted pendulum robot and a pilot experiment with master students | Since 2007; at Waseda University, we have focused our research on developing advanced educational robotic tools to introduce the understanding of principles of Robot Technology (RT) to students at different educational levels. For this purpose; we have proposed the development of a two-wheeled inverted pendulum type mobile robot. In this paper, we present the development details of the Waseda Wheeled Vehicle No. 2 Refined (WV-2R) which is composed of two actuated wheels, a 32-bit micro-controller, a mobile base, and a remote controller. A state feedback control system has been implemented to assure the robustness of the dynamic performance of the robot. A set of experiments were carried out to validate the possible educational benefits. From the experimental results, we could validate the robustness of the control system as well as verify the possible educational functions that can be implemented with the WV-2R. Finally, a preliminary field experiment with master students is detailed and discussed. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
EP 04405451 A | Fller and administration device for forming a supportive structure in a bone cavity | A dry free-flowing filler forming support structures in bone cavities (4a) comprises a number of biocompatible support bodies (2) resistant to breakage or deformation under normal physiological conditions, the bodies (2) being of size 2-10 mm and having two opposing abutments (2g) in the axis (A). Independent claims are also included for (A) a device (5) for introducing the above filler including a channel (6) containing a sequence of bodies (2) oriented in the direction of axis (A) and a pressing device (9) with a plunger (9c) moving to force bodies (2) into the bone cavity (4a); (B) a process for introducing the non-spherical bodies (2) sequentially and in direction (A) into cavity (4a) such that the bodies are randomly oriented in the cavity or, especially in the case of vertebrae, such that the bodies are randomly wedged in contact with the bone tissue; and (C) a system for fixing and further widening partly broken vertebrae comprising a number of the above bodies (2) and an introducing device as in (a) above. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/j.1757-1707.2011.01116.x | Land-use change to bioenergy production in Europe: Implications for the greenhouse gas balance and soil carbon | Bioenergy from crops is expected to make a considerable contribution to climate change mitigation. However, bioenergy is not necessarily carbon neutral because emissions of CO2, N2O and CH4 during crop production may reduce or completely counterbalance CO2 savings of the substituted fossil fuels. These greenhouse gases (GHGs) need to be included into the carbon footprint calculation of different bioenergy crops under a range of soil conditions and management practices. This review compiles existing knowledge on agronomic and environmental constraints and GHG balances of the major European bioenergy crops, although it focuses on dedicated perennial crops such as Miscanthus and short rotation coppice species. Such second-generation crops account for only 3% of the current European bioenergy production, but field data suggest they emit 40% to >99% less N2O than conventional annual crops. This is a result of lower fertilizer requirements as well as a higher N-use efficiency, due to effective N-recycling. Perennial energy crops have the potential to sequester additional carbon in soil biomass if established on former cropland (0. 44 Mg soil C ha-1 yr-1 for poplar and willow and 0. 66 Mg soil C ha-1 yr-1 for Miscanthus). However, there was no positive or even negative effects on the C balance if energy crops are established on former grassland. Increased bioenergy production may also result in direct and indirect land-use changes with potential high C losses when native vegetation is converted to annual crops. Although dedicated perennial energy crops have a high potential to improve the GHG balance of bioenergy production, several agronomic and economic constraints still have to be overcome. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1117/12.2056433 | Design And Performance Of The Exo Planet Characterisation Observatory Echo Integrated Payload | The Exoplanet Characterisation Observatory (EChO) mission was one of the proposed candidates for the European Space Agency’s third medium mission within the Cosmic Vision Framework. EChO was designed to observe the spectra from transiting exoplanets in the 0. 55-11 micron band with a goal of covering from 0. 4 to 16 microns. The mission and its associated scientific instrument has now undergone a rigorous technical evaluation phase and we report here on the outcome of that study phase, update the design status and review the expected performance of the integrated payload and satellite. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W1988848061 | Load and resistance factor design of fiber reinforced polymer composite bridge deck | Abstract The majority of our bridges were constructed with conventional civil engineering materials of steel and concrete in a typical slab on girder or truss construction. Reinforced concrete bridge decks have approximately 40% life of the steel girders that support these structures. In order to support the use of alternative materials to replace deteriorating concrete decks, this paper outlines the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) of Fiber Reinforced Polymer composite (FRP) panel highway bridge deck. The deck would be of a sandwich construction where 152.4 mm × 152.4 mm × 9.5 mm square pultruded glass FRP (GFRP) tubes are joined and sandwiched between two 9.5 mm GFRP plates. The deck would be designed by Allowable Stress Design (ASD) and LRFD to support AASHTO design truckload HL-93. There are currently no US standards and specifications for the design of FRP pultruded shapes including a deck panel therefore international codes and references related to FRP profiles will be examined and AASHTO-LRFD specifications will be used as the basis for the final design. Overall, years of research and laboratory and field tests have proven FRP decks to be a viable alternative to conventional concrete deck. Therefore, conceptualizing the design of FRP bridge decks using basic structural analysis and mechanics would increase awareness and engineering confidence in the use of this innovative material. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W1520302938 | Anomalous sub-diffusion equations by the meshless collocation method | Recently, many new applications in engineering and science are governed by a series of fractional ordinary differential equations or fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs), in which the differential order is with a fractional order. The anomalous sub-diffusion equation (ASDE) is a typical FPDE. The current dominant numerical method for modelling ASDE is finite difference method, which is based on a pre-defined grid leading to inherited issues or shortcomings. Because of its distinguished advantages, the meshless method has good potential in simulation of ASDE. This paper aims to develop an implicit meshless collocation technique based on the moving least squares (MLS) approximation for numerical simulation of ASDE. The discrete system of equations is obtained by using the MLS meshless shape functions and the meshless collocation formulation. The stability and convergence of this meshless approach related to the time discretisation are investigated theoretically and numerically. The numerical examples with regular and irregular nodal distributions are used to validate and investigate accuracy and efficiency of the newly developed meshless formulation. It is concluded that the present meshless formulation is very effective for the modelling and simulation of ASDEs. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2056564603 | Support services and learning styles influencing interaction in asynchronous online discussions | This paper reports a case of online classes from the English Language Teaching Programme at Anadolu University, Turkey. The study used an explanatory case oriented research design that assisted to examine relations between students’ learning styles and factors influencing students’ participation in asynchronous interactions in online courses. The study was carried out during the 2006–2007 academic year with a sample of 139 junior and senior students. The converger learners were more involved in discussion boards compared to other learning style groups. The most popular support service was found to be pedagogical and social guidance for all types of learning styles while the least preferred support services were the administrative and technical. Unterstutzungsdienste und Lernstiele zur Beeinflussung von asynchronen Online‐Diskussionen In diesem Papier wird vom English Language Teaching Program der Anadolu Universitat in der Turkei berichtet. Die Studie nutzte ein Erlauterungsprogramm, das zur Unterstutzung... | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpca.5b04947 | Dissociative Recombination of FeO<sup>+</sup> with Electrons: Implications for Plasma Layers in the Ionosphere | The dissociative recombination (DR) of FeO+ ions with electrons has been studied in a flowing afterglow reactor. FeO+ was generated by the pulsed laser ablation of a solid Fe target, and then entrained in an Ar+ ion/electron plasma where the absolute electron density was measured using a Langmuir probe. A kinetic model describing gas-phase chemistry and diffusion to the reactor walls was fitted to the experimental data, yielding a DR rate coefficient at 298 K of k(FeO+ + e-) = (5. 5 ± 1. 0) × 10-7 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, where the quoted uncertainty is at the 2σ level. Fe+ ions in the lower thermosphere are oxidized by O3 to FeO+, and this DR reaction is shown to provide a more important route for neutralizing Fe+ below 110 km than the radiative/dielectronic recombination of Fe+ with electrons. The experimental system was first validated by measuring two other DR reaction rate coefficients: k(O2+ + e-) = (2. 0 ± 0. 4) × 10-7 and k(N2O+ + e-) = (3. 3 ± 0. 8) × 10-7 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, which are in good agreement with the recent literature. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1016/j.jfa.2013.11.002 | Semigroups of Herz-Schur multipliers | In order to investigate the relationship between weak amenability and the Haagerup property for groups, we introduce the weak Haagerup property, and we prove that having this approximation property is equivalent to the existence of a semigroup of Herz-Schur multipliers generated by a proper function (see Theorem 1. 2). It is then shown that a (not necessarily proper) generator of a semigroup of Herz-Schur multipliers splits into a positive definite kernel and a conditionally negative definite kernel. We also show that the generator has a particularly pleasant form if and only if the group is amenable. In the second half of the paper we study semigroups of radial Herz-Schur multipliers on free groups. We prove that a generator of such a semigroup is linearly bounded by the word length function (see Theorem 1. 6). | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1109/ECCE.2013.6646737 | A Hybrid Damping Method For Llcl Filter Based Grid Tied Inverter With A Digital Filter And An Rc Parallel Passive Damper | Grid-tied inverters have been widely used to inject the renewable energies into the distributed power generation systems. However, a large variation of the grid impedance challenges the stability of the high-order power filter based grid-tied inverter. Many passive and active damping methods have been proposed to overcome this issue. Recently, a composite passive damping method for a high-order power filter based grid-tied inverter with an RC parallel damper and an RL series damper was presented to eliminate this problem, but at the cost of more material and power losses. In this paper, a hybrid damping method with a digital filter and an RC parallel damper is proposed. The design of the digital filter is developed using a normalized method. The validity is verified through the simulations and the experiments on a 500 W, 110 V/50 Hz prototype, while the grid inductance varies from 0. 15 mH to 5 mH. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/JDT.2011.2160151 | Environmental Optical And Electrical Stability Study Of Solution Processed Zinc Tin Oxide Thin Film Transistors | In this paper, we report the environmental, optical, and gate bias stress stability of amorphous zinc-tin-oxide (ZTO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated by sol-gel spin-coating method. The ZTO TFTs showed excellent environmental and optical stability. The threshold voltage stability of ZTO TFTs was sensitive to both positive and negative gate bias stress. Maximum threshold voltage shifting of +1. 9 and -3. 2 V was observed under a gate bias stress of +10 and -10 V, respectively, with no significant change to subthreshold swing value. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1039/c7cp01838j | Near-infrared photochemistry at interfaces based on upconverting nanoparticles | We review near-infrared photochemistry at interfaces based on upconverting nanoparticles, highlight its potential applications, and discuss the challenges. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1038/nature08731 | Above-room-temperature ferroelectricity in a single-component molecular crystal | Ferroelectrics are electro-active materials that can store and switch their polarity (ferroelectricity), sense temperature changes (pyroelectricity), interchange electric and mechanical functions (piezoelectricity), and manipulate light (through optical nonlinearities and the electro-optic effect): all of these functions have practical applications. Topological switching of π-conjugation in organic molecules, such as the keto-enol transformation, has long been anticipated as a means of realizing these phenomena in molecular assemblies and crystals. Croconic acid, an ingredient of black dyes, was recently found to have a hydrogen-bonded polar structure in a crystalline state. Here we demonstrate that application of an electric field can coherently align the molecular polarities in crystalline croconic acid, as indicated by an increase of optical second harmonic generation, and produce a well-defined polarization hysteresis at room temperature. To make this simple pentagonal molecule ferroelectric, we switched the π-bond topology using synchronized proton transfer instead of rigid-body rotation. Of the organic ferroelectrics, this molecular crystal exhibits the highest spontaneous polarization (∼20 μC cm-2) in spite of its small molecular size, which is in accord with first-principles electronic-structure calculations. Such high polarization, which persists up to 400 K, may find application in active capacitor and nonlinear optics elements in future organic electronics. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2013/10/031 | The Role Of Electroweak Corrections For The Dark Matter Relic Abundance | We analyze the validity of the theorems concerning the cancellation of the infrared and collinar divergences in the case of dark matter freeze-out in the early universe. In particular, we compute the electroweak logarithmic corrections of infrared origin to the annihilation cross section of a dark matter particle being the neutral component of a SU(2)L multiplet. The inclusion of processes with final state W can modify significantly the cross sections computed with only virtual W exchange. Our results show that the inclusion of infrared logs is necessary for a precise computation of the dark matter relic abundance. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pone.0039145 | Dog experts' brains distinguish socially relevant body postures similarly in dogs and humans | We read conspecifics' social cues effortlessly, but little is known about our abilities to understand social gestures of other species. To investigate the neural underpinnings of such skills, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to study the brain activity of experts and non-experts of dog behavior while they observed humans or dogs either interacting with, or facing away from a conspecific. The posterior superior temporal sulcus (pSTS) of both subject groups dissociated humans facing toward each other from humans facing away, and in dog experts, a distinction also occurred for dogs facing toward vs. away in a bilateral area extending from the pSTS to the inferior temporo-occipital cortex: the dissociation of dog behavior was significantly stronger in expert than control group. Furthermore, the control group had stronger pSTS responses to humans than dogs facing toward a conspecific, whereas in dog experts, the responses were of similar magnitude. These findings suggest that dog experts' brains distinguish socially relevant body postures similarly in dogs and humans. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
2718957 | Multi-Scale fibre-based optical frequency combs: science, technology and applications | The key photonic technology that enables a cluster of applications and so is a driving force for an expanding photonic market in the context of addressing the global challenges is an optical frequency comb (OFC) technology based on mode locked femtosecond lasers (MLFLs). To respond to the huge demand for qualified experts on OFC technologies, we envisaged and are proposing European Training Network (ETN) “Multi-scale fibre-based optical frequency combs: science, technology and applications” (MEFISTA). MEFISTA will provide a world class advanced training programme (TP) to 6 early stage researchers (ESRs) to the level of the next generation of leaders in the fields MLFLs-based OFCs technologies, by exploiting challenging interaction between academy (Aston, UPC, ULille, EPFL and DTU) and industry (NKT and RDM). MEFISTA aims research and training collaborations that will help ESRs to acquire unique knowledge and research skills on OFC technology from the theory to implementation: development of novel mode- locking techniques and speciality fibres and waveguides for MLFLs, mid-infrared (mid-IR) tuneable dual combs sources for molecular fingerprinting, design and characterisation of dual comb MLFLs, and MLFLs manufacturing. A special focus will be the industrial applications related to development and trial tests of MLFLs in the context of autonomous driving (car-object distance ranging, object recognition, moving objects speed tracing: Doppler LIDAR). The TP will be implemented through the unique combination of the “hands-on” research training, non-academic placements and advanced inter/multidisciplinary/inter-sectoral training on nonlinear science, laser physics, fibre optics, and autonomous driving technologies and transferable skills including Research Integrity, Gender Dimension in Research, and Open Science. The TP will be also supported by synergistic merging the expertise of 4 academic, two non-academic beneficiaries and 1 academic partners from 5 countries. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
172571 | Integrated innovative metallurgical system to benefit efficiently polymetallic, complex and low grade ores and concentrates | The INTMET approach represents a unique technological breakthrough to overcome the limitations related to difficult low grade and complex ores to achieve high efficient recovery of valuable metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag) and CRM (Co, In, Sb). Main objective of INTMET is applying on-site mine-to-metal hydroprocessing of the produced concentrates enhancing substantially raw materials efficiency thanks to increase Cu+Zn+Pb recovery over 60% vs. existing selective flotation. 3 innovative hydrometallurgical processes (atmospheric, pressure and bioleaching), and novel more effective metals extraction techniques (e.g. Cu/Zn-SX-EW, chloride media, MSA, etc) will be developed and tested at relevant environment aiming to maximise metal recovery yield and minimising energy consumption and environmental footprint. Additionally secondary materials like tailings and metallurgical wastes will be tested as well for metals recovery and sulphur valorisation. The technical, environmental and economic feasibility of the entire approaches will be evaluated to ensure a real business solution of the integrated INTMET process.
INTMET will be economically viable thanks to diversification of products (Cu, Zn, Pb), high-profitable solution (producing commodities not concentrates), with lower operation and environmental costs (on-site hydroprocessing will avoid transport to smelters) and allowing mine-life extension developing a new business-model concept based on high efficient recovery of complex ores that will ensure EU mining industry competitiveness and employment.
INTMET is fully aligned with EIP-RM validated in the PolymetOre Commitment where most of INTMET partners take part on and the market up-take solutions are guaranteed by an exploitation from industrially-driven consortia composed by 3 Mines, 2 SMEs (AGQ -waste&water tech provider; MINPOL -policy & exploitation expert), 2 tech providers (OUTOTEC and TR) and 5 complementary RTD´s with expertise in leaching and recovery metals processing | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
802210 | Patristic sermons in the Middle Ages. The dissemination, manipulation and interpretation of late-antique sermons in the medieval Latin West | PASSIM will study the medieval reception of the Latin sermons preached by the Early Church Fathers, using a digital network of manuscripts.
The sermons of Augustine, Gregory the Great and other patristic preachers were transmitted throughout medieval Europe in the form of sermon collections, preserved in thousands of manuscripts. Nearly every manuscript contains a new combination of sermons, attesting to a continuous, widespread engagement with the authorities of the Early Church. The dynamic tradition of reorganising and rewriting the patristic heritage is largely overlooked by scholars of medieval religious practices, who concentrate on medieval preachers, and by scholars of Early Christianity, whose focus is the patristic context.
Medieval collections of patristic sermons were part of the liturgical life of the monastery, but also of an intellectual tradition. They offer unique insights into medieval attitudes toward authority, techniques of appropriation, church organisation, monastic networks and knowledge exchange. PASSIM will execute the first large-scale analysis of the formation and spread of patristic sermon collections in medieval Europe. The project will develop a digital network of manuscripts, using well-tried principles from the field of textual criticism. Building on this network, PASSIM will pursue three lines of inquiry: the customizing of standard liturgical collections as indicative of individual purposes and contexts, the impact of transmission on the popularity of patristic sermons, and pseudo-epigraphic sermons as revelatory of medieval perceptions of the Church Fathers.
PASSIM will bridge two disciplinary divides, between patristic and medieval sermon studies and between textual criticism and reception studies. Developing an interdisciplinary methodology with a wide applicability in the study of intellectual history, this project will introduce patristic preaching as a vibrant strand in the tapestry of the medieval religious tradition. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
896221 | Lossy preprocessing | A critical component of computational processing of data sets is the `preprocessing' or `compression' step which is the computation of a \emph{succinct, sufficiently accurate} representation
of the given data. Preprocessing is ubiquitous and a rigorous mathematical understanding of preprocessing algorithms is crucial in order to reason about and understand the limits of preprocessing.
Unfortunately, there is no mathematical framework to analyze and objectively compare two preprocessing routines while simultaneously taking into account `all three dimensions' --
-- the efficiency of computing the succinct representation,
-- the space required to store this representation, and
-- the accuracy with which the original data is captured in the succinct representation.
``The overarching goal of this proposal is the development of a mathematical framework for the rigorous analysis of preprocessing algorithms. ''
We will achieve the goal by designing new algorithmic techniques for preprocessing, developing a framework of analysis to make qualitative comparisons between various preprocessing routines based on the criteria above and by developing lower bound tools required
to understand the limitations of preprocessing for concrete problems.
This project will lift our understanding of algorithmic preprocessing to new heights and lead to a groundbreaking shift in the set of basic research questions attached to the study of preprocessing for specific problems. It will significantly advance the analysis of preprocessing and yield substantial technology transfer between adjacent subfields of computer science such as dynamic algorithms, streaming algorithms, property testing and graph theory. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
W2028119387 | Collaborative Working to Improve Care: Banking DNA in Unexpected Adult death | Before the appointment of two arrhythmia nurse practitioners (ANPs) to a district general hospital it was identified that despite having a number of families with genetic disorders, no proper services existed for the assessment, management and support of patients and families. A process mapping event highlighted what services needed to be developed. One area that was identified was that samples of DNA were not being banked in the unexplained death of a person aged under 40 years. Through collaborative working an appropriate consent form was developed for these circumstances. This has resulted in the successful banking of DNA in new cases of sudden unexplained death in the young. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201706716 | Self-Regulated and Temporal Control of a “Breathing” Microgel Mediated by Enzymatic Reaction | Naturally occurring systems have the ability to self-regulate, which plays a key role in their structural and functional adaptation. The autonomous behavior in living systems is biocatalytically controlled by the continuous consumption of energy to remain in a non-equilibrium condition. In this work, we show the construction of a self-regulated “breathing” microgel that uses chemical fuels to keep the system in the out-of-equilibrium state. The enzyme urease is utilized to program a feedback-induced pH change, which in turn tunes the size switch and fluorescence intensity of the microgel. A continuous supply of chemical fuels to the system allows the process to be reversible. This microgel with tunable autonomous properties provides insights into the design of artificial systems and dynamic soft materials. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/0031-8949/2013/T155/014027 | Non Uniformity Effects In The Negative Effective Magnetic Pressure Instability | In direct numerical simulations of strongly stratified turbulence we have previously studied the development of large scale magnetic structures starting from a uniform background field. This is caused by an instability resulting from a negative contribution of small-scale turbulence to the effective (mean-field) magnetic pressure, and was qualitatively reproduced in mean-field simulations (MFS) where this pressure reduction was modeled as a function of the mean magnetic field normalized by the equipartition field. We now investigate the effect of mean current density on the turbulent pressure reduction. In our MFS, such currents are associated with sharp gradients of the growing structures. We find that an enhanced mean current density increases the suppression of the turbulent pressure. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.020 | Current desires of conspecific observers affect cache-protection strategies in California scrub-jays and Eurasian jays | Many corvid species accurately remember the locations where they have seen others cache food, allowing them to pilfer these caches efficiently once the cachers have left the scene [1]. To protect their caches, corvids employ a suite of different cache-protection strategies that limit the observers’ visual or acoustic access to the cache site [2,3]. In cases where an observer's sensory access cannot be reduced it has been suggested that cachers might be able to minimise the risk of pilfering if they avoid caching food the observer is most motivated to pilfer [4]. In the wild, corvids have been reported to pilfer others’ caches as soon as possible after the caching event [5], such that the cacher might benefit from adjusting its caching behaviour according to the observer's current desire. In the current study, observers pilfered according to their current desire: they preferentially pilfered food that they were not sated on. Cachers adjusted their caching behaviour accordingly: they protected their caches by selectively caching food that observers were not motivated to pilfer. The same cache-protection behaviour was found when cachers could not see on which food the observers were sated. Thus, the cachers’ ability to respond to the observer's desire might have been driven by the observer's behaviour at the time of caching. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1811304639 | Gender, Conversation Analysis, and the Anatomy of Membership Categorization Practices | This paper describes and illustrates recent developments in the study of identity using membership categorization and conversation analysis. It focuses particularly on identifying and unpacking some practices through which people construct gender-based categorial phrases and formulations, and how these practices are put to use to accomplish social actions including accounting, complaining, or denying. Drawing on data from a variety of interactional sites, I show how speakers build different categorial practices from particular component features, within or across a sequence of turns, and how they work to formulate idiomatic-style phrases that ‘package’ cultural knowledge (e.g., “that’s lads for you”, “I would never hit a woman”). When speakers produce such phrases, they invite recipients to display recognition of, or collaboratively develop, the construction of a cultures categories, as the basis for moving through courses of action. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W4312017104 | Modelo de proceso de cuidado nutricional: consenso para Latinoamérica | Introducción: los modelos de cuidado nutricional son procesos estandarizados y sistematizados, cuyo objetivo es brindar consistencia y vinculación de la información, lo cual genera un impacto positivo en términos de calidad, servicio y costos. El objetivo del consenso de expertos fue proponer un modelo de cuidado nutricional para Latinoamérica, teniendo en cuenta el principio No. 2 de la Declaración Internacional de Cartagena. Método: se desarrolló un cuestionario, el cual fue sometido a la opinión de expertos siguiendo la metodología Delphi. El cuestionario inicialmente contó con 16 preguntas que evaluaban los siguientes temas: ¿cuáles son las etapas y herramientas del modelo? ¿Qué enfoque debe tener? ¿Sobre qué pilares fundamentar el modelo? Se consideró consenso cuando los ítems del cuestionario lograron un puntaje ≥ 70 % en la escala de Likert 4 (de acuerdo) y 5 (totalmente de acuerdo). Resultados: se realizaron tres rondas de consulta a expertos, donde se definió un modelo consistente en cinco pasos (que inició con el tamizaje del riesgo de desnutrición y terminó con los cuidados domiciliarios), los cuales se fundamentan en cinco pilares: educación, políticas públicas, fundamentos éticos, economía de la nutrición clínica y enfoque multidisciplinar/multisectorial. Se propusieron y analizaron indicadores de calidad de cada uno de los cinco pasos. Conclusión: el modelo de cuidado nutricional para Latinoamérica se basa en cinco pasos y cinco pilares. Este modelo se debe considerar como una herramienta y estrategia didáctica, que facilite la implementación y enseñanza del cuidado nutricional en el contexto latinoamericano en el ámbito clínico en todo nivel de atención. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
222143 | Sociocomplexity — new paradigms for understanding complex group-level adaptation | Natural selection explains the appearance of design in the living world. But at what level is adaptive design expected to manifest (gene, organism or society) and what is its function? Adaptation may manifest at multiple levels, and indeed new levels of adaptive individuality may evolve over time – such as with the emergence of multicellularity and eusociality. However, understanding the forces that drive such “major transitions” remains a challenge: current theory, with its focus on single, simple traits, has been unable to engage with issues of complex, coordinated adaptation at the level of the group, and this has led to a striking mismatch between theory and data. In particular, there is currently very poor understanding of what drives conflicts within groups and how group-level adaptation can sometimes prevail despite these conflicts. My research team will develop new theoretical and in silico experimental paradigms for studying complex, group-level adaptation to resolve these problems. We will: (1) synthesize the theories of inclusive fitness and multilevel selection to allow direct engagement with complex adaptive design at multiple levels of biological organization; (2) take a geometric approach to social adaptation to determine how complex, multidimensional phenotypes evolve in the context of social conflicts; (3) develop a computational paradigm for group-level adaptation in which complexity may be quantified and tracked over evolutionary timescales; and (4) employ genomic imprinting as a tractable model of major transitions, to understand how conflicts of interest arise and how they resolve to maintain or disrupt the adaptive integrity of the organism, with applications to childhood cancers and growth, fertility and neurological disorders. This research will yield novel insights into the fundamental drivers of complex adaptation at the level of whole organisms and successful societies. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1039/C4FD00051J | Analysis Of A Measurement Scheme For Ultrafast Hole Dynamics By Few Femtosecond Resolution X Ray Pump Probe Auger Spectroscopy | Ultrafast hole dynamics created in molecular systems as a result of sudden ionisation is the focus of much attention in the field of attosecond science. Using the molecule glycine we show through ab initio simulations that the dynamics of a hole, arising from ionisation in the inner valence region, evolves with a timescale appropriate to be measured using X-ray pulses from the current generation of SASE free electron lasers. The examined pump-probe scheme uses X-rays with photon energy below the K edge of carbon (275-280 eV) that will ionise from the inner valence region. A second probe X-ray at the same energy can excite an electron from the core to fill the vacancy in the inner-valence region. The dynamics of the inner valence hole can be tracked by measuring the Auger electrons produced by the subsequent refilling of the core hole as a function of pump-probe delay. We consider the feasibility of the experiment and include numerical simulation to support this analysis. We discuss the potential for all X-ray pump-X-ray probe Auger spectroscopy measurements for tracking hole migration. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/318/6/062016 | Time Resolved Evolution Of The Wall Bounded Vorticity Cascade | The temporal evolution of vortex clusters in a turbulent channel at Re? = 950 is studied using DNS sequences with temporal separations among fields short enough for individual structures to be tracked. From the geometric intersection of structures in consecutive fields, we build temporal connection graphs of all the vortex clusters, and, from their properties, define main and secondary branches for each evolution. It is found that the average lifetime of the clusters within a branch is proportional to the cube root of their maximum volumes, and that they move approximately with the local mean velocity. Especial attention is paid to their wall-normal displacement. It is found that their probability of moving away from the wall is only slightly higher than that of moving towards it, and that this behaviour is independent of the wall distance at which the branch is initially created. Finally, direct and inverse physical cascades are defined, associated with the splits and mergers between structures. It is found that the direct cascade predominates, but that both directions are roughly comparable. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2008104410 | Towards sustainable rural development in Central and Eastern Europe: Applying land consolidation | Abstract Over the past twenty years, social and economic decline in rural areas has intensified in the Central and Eastern European countries. A precondition for the reversal of this decline is the implementation of new policies in relation to the fundamentals of land ownership and management. In addition to addressing the problems of land ownership fragmentation, these should include measures to improve agricultural production and employment, taxation policy, and legislation to protect land ownership rights, within the context of acknowledging environmental and sustainability considerations. In Europe, the requirement for readjusting unfavourable land fragmentation and promoting the appropriate use of land combining with positive environmental solutions is expected to create new sustainable land management systems. The consolidation of land ownerships may be an effective and active land management instrument which not only addresses the problems of land fragmentation, but also, if applied sensitively, may be an instrument for delivering sustainable rural development in a wider context. The aim of this research is to investigate land consolidation as an essential tool to create sustainable rural areas in Lithuania. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
260661 | Direct photobiological conversion of solar energy to volatile transport fuels | The aim is to integrate photosynthetic solar energy conversion and synthesis of volatile engine-ready transport fuel in a single photobiological process. The focus is placed on the construction of phototrophic model systems for synthesis of the short-chain alkane propane (C3H8). Propane can be used in existing engines without further chemical conversion and can be easily recovered from the production process without destructive harvesting and extraction. However, no commercial biological production process exists and there is no known metabolic pathway for short-chain alkane biosynthesis. The intention is to construct a synthetic pathway for propane biosynthesis. In order to facilitate the construction, alkane biosynthetic pathways are studied in detail and genes encoding key-enzymes are isolated from diverse organisms.
In order to directly capture solar energy to drive fuel biosynthesis, the synthetic pathways are assembled in the photosynthetic model organism Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Native host metabolism is thereafter optimized to maximize the delivery of metabolic precursors and reducing energy to the synthetic pathways. In order to facilitate strain construction, cyanobacterial host strains are optimized for metabolic engineering and hydrocarbon fuel biosynthesis.
The project has the ultimate aim to generate cyanobacteria strains that synthesize short-chain alkane using only light, CO2 and H2O as substrate. The project has a clear applied target with high potential for socio-economical impact and a high risk / high gain character. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
173318 | Global lensing observations to go beyond einstein | This ERC Consolidator grant will push forward the boundaries in our understanding of gravity by confronting the most advanced theoretical framework for modified gravity models with this decade’s ultimate set of observations. Using three state-of-the-art, same-sky lensing spectroscopy surveys, which are the only deep surveys currently in existence to have this unique complementarity, we will undertake a ground-breaking gravity experiment on some of the largest scales observed in the Universe. Our findings could show that we need to go beyond Einstein to bring about a revolution in our understanding of gravity on cosmological scales, transforming our understanding of the dark universe.
My analysis will combine two gravity probes; the non-relativistic motion of galaxies detected through redshift-space distortions, and the relativistic motion of light detected through the weak gravitational lensing of distant galaxies. The same-sky combination of these probes provides the best long-term prospect for observing if matter bends space differently to time, and if the gravitational constant G evolves.
As the main objective of this research could be so far reaching, it is imperative that it is approached with care, using a meticulous analysis. Using novel techniques that exploit the same-sky nature of these surveys, we will improve the accuracy and precision of our results, understanding and removing sources of systematic errors inherent in both gravity probes. This will enable my ERC team to carry out pioneering dark universe science, confident that our results are truly probing fundamental physics rather than residual systematic subtleties of the data. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1093/mnras/staa552 | Understanding and mitigating biases when studying inhomogeneous emission spectra with JWST | ABSTRACT Exoplanet emission spectra are often modelled assuming that the hemisphere observed is well represented by a horizontally homogenized atmosphere. However, this approximation will likely fail for planets with a large temperature contrast in the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) era, potentially leading to erroneous interpretations of spectra. We first develop an analytic formulation to quantify the signal-to-noise ratio and wavelength coverage necessary to disentangle temperature inhomogeneities from a hemispherically averaged spectrum. We find that for a given signal-to-noise ratio, observations at shorter wavelengths are better at detecting the presence of inhomogeneities. We then determine why the presence of an inhomogeneous thermal structure can lead to spurious molecular detections when assuming a fully homogenized planet in the retrieval process. Finally, we quantify more precisely the potential biases by modelling a suite of hot Jupiter spectra, varying the spatial contributions of a hot and a cold region, as would be observed by the different instruments of JWST/NIRSpec. We then retrieve the abundances and temperature profiles from the synthetic observations. We find that in most cases, assuming a homogeneous thermal structure when retrieving the atmospheric chemistry leads to biased results, and spurious molecular detection. Explicitly modelling the data using two profiles avoids these biases, and is statistically supported provided the wavelength coverage is wide enough, and crucially also spanning shorter wavelengths. For the high contrast used here, a single profile with a dilution factor performs as well as the two-profile case, with only one additional parameter compared to the 1D approach. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1109/CVPR.2017.587 | Icarl Incremental Classifier And Representation Learning | A major open problem on the road to artificial intelligence is the development of incrementally learning systems that learn about more and more concepts over time from a stream of data. In this work, we introduce a new training strategy, iCaRL, that allows learning in such a class-incremental way: only the training data for a small number of classes has to be present at the same time and new classes can be added progressively. iCaRL learns strong classifiers and a data representation simultaneously. This distinguishes it from earlier works that were fundamentally limited to fixed data representations and therefore incompatible with deep learning architectures. We show by experiments on CIFAR-100 and ImageNet ILSVRC 2012 data that iCaRL can learn many classes incrementally over a long period of time where other strategies quickly fail. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2017.02.005 | New Horizons in Diabetic Neuropathy: Mechanisms, Bioenergetics, and Pain | Pre-diabetes and diabetes are a global epidemic, and the associated neuropathic complications create a substantial burden on both the afflicted patients and society as a whole. Given the enormity of the problem and the lack of effective therapies, there is a pressing need to understand the mechanisms underlying diabetic neuropathy (DN). In this review, we present the structural components of the peripheral nervous system that underlie its susceptibility to metabolic insults and then discuss the pathways that contribute to peripheral nerve injury in DN. We also discuss systems biology insights gleaned from the recent advances in biotechnology and bioinformatics, emerging ideas centered on the axon-Schwann cell relationship and associated bioenergetic crosstalk, and the rapid expansion of our knowledge of the mechanisms contributing to neuropathic pain in diabetes. These recent advances in our understanding of DN pathogenesis are paving the way for critical mechanism-based therapy development. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.5194/acp-12-961-2012 | Distributions and regional budgets of aerosols and their precursors simulated with the EMAC chemistry-climate model | Abstract. The new global anthropogenic emission inventory (EDGAR-CIRCE) of gas and aerosol pollutants has been incorporated in the chemistry general circulation model EMAC (ECHAM5/MESSy Atmospheric Chemistry). A relatively high horizontal resolution simulation is performed for the years 2005–2008 to evaluate the capability of the model and the emissions to reproduce observed aerosol concentrations and aerosol optical depth (AOD) values. Model output is compared with observations from different measurement networks (CASTNET, EMEP and EANET) and AODs from remote sensing instruments (MODIS and MISR). A good spatial agreement of the distribution of sulfate and ammonium aerosol is found when compared to observations, while calculated nitrate aerosol concentrations show some discrepancies. The simulated temporal development of the inorganic aerosols is in line with measurements of sulfate and nitrate aerosol, while for ammonium aerosol some deviations from observations occur over the USA, due to the wrong temporal distribution of ammonia gas emissions. The calculated AODs agree well with the satellite observations in most regions, while negative biases are found for the equatorial area and in the dust outflow regions (i. e. Central Atlantic and Northern Indian Ocean), due to an underestimation of biomass burning and aeolian dust emissions, respectively. Aerosols and precursors budgets for five different regions (North America, Europe, East Asia, Central Africa and South America) are calculated. Over East-Asia most of the emitted aerosols (precursors) are also deposited within the region, while in North America and Europe transport plays a larger role. Further, it is shown that a simulation with monthly varying anthropogenic emissions typically improves the temporal correlation by 5–10% compared to one with constant annual emissions. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
291094 | Frontiers for multi-scale computational fluid dynamics | Computational fluid dynamics remains challenged with the complexity of fluid motion on all scales from atmospheric phenomena down to flows in micro- and nano-devices. The lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has been conceived to replace the conventional methods of computational fluid dynamics. Due to its computational efficiency and simplicity in handling complex geometries, LBM was only partly successful in simulating incompressible flows. However, it faced stiff challenges in other domains of fluid dynamics due to low isotropy of the lattice and lack of stability. Recently, a new generation of entropic lattice Boltzmann models (ELBM) restored second law of thermodynamics in the lattice Boltzmann kinetics and made lattice Boltzmann unconditionally stable. Armed with new higher-order entropic lattices, ELBM project will open up high Reynolds number flows, compressible flows, multi-phase and micro flows and other domains for fast and efficient simulations. New ELBM models retain all the advantages of LBM in terms of efficiency, parallelism, and handling of complex geometries. This project will serve as unique source of largest possible benchmark simulations and engineering applications in fluid dynamics; thus challenging or even replacing the most advanced methods of computational fluid dynamics as well as particle methods in micro flows. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2015081516 | Development of the cotyledon cells during olive (Olea europaea L.) in vitro seed germination and seedling growth | The structural changes occurred in differentiating olive cotyledon cells into mesophyll cells are described. Using histological and immunocytological methods as well as microscopic observations, we showed that in the cells of mature embryo, large electron-dense proteins bodies (PBs) are surrounded by numerous oil bodies (OBs). After 3 days of in vitro germination, the presence of large PBs originated by fusion of smaller PBs was observed. It was also detected a close spatial proximity between PBs and OBs, likely as a reflection of interconnected metabolic pathways. Between the 3rd and the 12th day of germination, the formation of a large vacuolar compartment takes place accompanied by a decrease in the PBs and OBs number. This was coincident with a progressive decrease in the amount of the 11S-type seed storage proteins (SSPs), showed in situ and after Western blot analysis of crude protein extracts. After 26 days germination, the cellular organization became typical for a leaf mesophyll cell, with well-differentiated chloroplasts surrounding a large central vacuole. Our results suggest that the olive cotyledon storage reserves are mobilized gradually until the seedling becomes autotrophic. Moreover, the specific accumulation of storage proteins in the intravacuolar material suggests that these structures may operate as a shuttle for SSPs and/or products of their degradation into the cytoplasm, where finally they supply amino acids for the differentiating mesophyll cells. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2060733820 | Two steps toward semiotic capacity: Out of the muddy concept of language | As John Deely has suggested in his Four ages of understanding, philosophia in practice is semiotic process, an engagement in the through the action of signs. But this observation leads us to a point of contention with Deely's treatment of semiotic process itself and its connection with the more widely understood notions about in our time. Specifically, there are major difficulties with the treacherous formal and popular nomenclature about the phenomenon of and its philosophical connection to the semiology of Saussure and theory of C. S. Peirce. Our issue is with the formal use of the term language centrally and often in its technical sense as an analytical system — a way of seeing or looking at the world that is prior to and removed from the communicative sense of language — while at the same also informally employing the term in its common and practical sense as a system for information exchanges. In fact, Deely's comprehensive annotated index helps resolve some of the issue. But taken in the context of Deely's broader argument, the problem with the definition and use of the term language somewhat stifles the attempt to revise appreciation of our arrival at the time of the sign as a species-specific capacity. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
883968 | Outlive: a disruptive non-invasive ultrasound therapy to treat all patients affected with aortic stenosis. | Aortic stenosis (AS) is a life-threatening disease caused by the narrowing of the opening of the aortic valve which is the “gateway” from the heart to the body. With age, the aortic valve calcifies and stiffens, leading to poor blood perfusion. It causes heart failure and sudden death. The only medical response to date consists in replacing the aortic valve. It is provided to very sick patients at high risk of sudden death, who represents 25% of all AS patients (6 million in Europe and US). All other affected patients remain untreated. It is an immense unmet medical need.
In this context, French medtech Cardiawave has developed a revolutionary solution: Valvosoft, a very innovative real-time image guided medical device for the non-invasive treatment of all AS patients. The device delivers focused high-intensity ultrasounds which repair the aortic valve function. Unlike the current medical solutions, Valvosoft is a non-invasive treatment with low risks, complications and costs. It is a game-changer for patients, physicians and health care establishments because it dramatically changes the way of treating AS throughout the world. It should become a new gold standard: every AS patients will benefit from Valvosoft.
Prize-winner of many contests, Cardiawave was created thanks to the combined expertise of an entrepreneur, the Institut Langevin, world leader in ultrasound imaging & therapy and cardiologists from HEGP hospital.
The OUTLIVE project will allow Cardiawave to refine current go-to-market strategy and develop an investor ready business plan following CE-mark. Valvosoft clinical safety and efficacy will be demonstrated and reliable trust relation with early-adopters will be established. OUTLIVE will accelerate the scalable Valvosoft commercialisation and enable Cardiawave to become the future leader in non-invasive therapy with expected cumulative revenues exceeding €1.1bn by 2030 and more than 100 new European jobs created. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/chem.201605232 | Fluorescence-Lifetime Imaging and Super-Resolution Microscopies Shed Light on the Directed- and Self-Assembly of Functional Porphyrins onto Carbon Nanotubes and Flat Surfaces | Functional porphyrins have attracted intense attention due to their remarkably high extinction coefficients in the visible region and potential for optical and energy-related applications. Two new routes to functionalised SWNTs have been established using a bulky ZnII-porphyrin featuring thiolate groups at the periphery. We probed the optical properties of this zinc(II)-substituted, bulky aryl porphyrin and those of the corresponding new nano-composites with single walled carbon nanotube (SWNTs) and coronene, as a model for graphene. We report hereby on: i) the supramolecular interactions between the pristine SWNTs and ZnII-porphyrin by virtue of π–π stacking, and ii) a novel covalent binding strategy based on the Bingel reaction. The functional porphyrins used acted as dispersing agent for the SWNTs and the resulting nanohybrids showed improved dispersibility in common organic solvents. The synthesized hybrid materials were probed by various characterisation techniques, leading to the prediction that supramolecular polymerisation and host–guest functionalities control the fluorescence emission intensity and fluorescence lifetime properties. For the first time, XPS studies highlighted the differences in covalent versus non-covalent attachments of functional metalloporphyrins to SWNTs. Gas-phase DFT calculations indicated that the ZnII-porphyrin interacts non-covalently with SWNTs to form a donor–acceptor complex. The covalent attachment of the porphyrin chromophore to the surface of SWNTs affects the absorption and emission properties of the hybrid system to a greater extent than in the case of the supramolecular functionalisation of the SWNTs. This represents a synthetic challenge as well as an opportunity in the design of functional nanohybrids for future sensing and optoelectronic applications. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-017-00116-3 | Spatial cycles mediated by UNC119 solubilisation maintain Src family kinases plasma membrane localisation | The peripheral membrane proto-oncogene Src family protein tyrosine kinases relay growth factor signals to the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. We unravel the spatial cycles of solubilisation, trapping on perinuclear membrane compartments and vesicular transport that counter entropic equilibration to endomembranes for maintaining the enrichment and activity of Src family protein tyrosine kinases at the plasma membrane. The solubilising factor UNC119 sequesters myristoylated Src family protein tyrosine kinases from the cytoplasm, enhancing their diffusion to effectively release Src family protein tyrosine kinases on the recycling endosome by localised Arl2/3 activity. Src is then trapped on the recycling endosome via electrostatic interactions, whereas Fyn is quickly released to be kinetically trapped on the Golgi by palmitoyl acyl-transferase activity. Vesicular trafficking from these compartments restores enrichment of the Src family protein tyrosine kinases to the plasma membrane. Interference with these spatial cycles by UNC119 knockdown disrupts Src family protein tyrosine kinase localisation and signalling activity, indicating that UNC119 could be a drug target to affect oncogenic Src family protein tyrosine kinase signalling. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
Q2694901 | Subvención de capital de trabajo para P.P.H. KOSTRZEWA Sp. j. | El proyecto se refiere al apoyo del empresario a proporcionar liquidez financiera y apoyo a las actividades actuales debido a las dificultades financieras experimentadas por el empresario como consecuencia del brote de COVID-19. Ayuda financiera concedida en el marco del programa n.º SA.57015 (2020/N) | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1107/S1399004715000383 | Brickworx Builds Recurrent Rna And Dna Structural Motifs Into Medium And Low Resolution Electron Density Maps | Brickworx is a computer program that builds crystal structure models of nucleic acid molecules using recurrent motifs including double-stranded helices. In a first step, the program searches for electron-density peaks that may correspond to phosphate groups; it may also take into account phosphate-group positions provided by the user. Subsequently, comparing the three-dimensional patterns of the P atoms with a database of nucleic acid fragments, it finds the matching positions of the double-stranded helical motifs (A-RNA or B-DNA) in the unit cell. If the target structure is RNA, the helical fragments are further extended with recurrent RNA motifs from a fragment library that contains single-stranded segments. Finally, the matched motifs are merged and refined in real space to find the most likely conformations, including a fit of the sequence to the electron-density map. The Brickworx program is available for download and as a web server at http://iimcb. genesilico. pl/brickworx. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.92.054103 | Effect of epitaxial strain on cation and anion vacancy formation in MnO | Biaxial strain in coherent epitaxial thin films can have a pronounced effect on the point-defect profile in the films' material. Detailed fundamental knowledge of the interaction of strain with point defects is crucial to understanding the stoichiometry and resulting properties of strained thin films. Here we investigate the effect of biaxial strain on the formation energy of cation and anion vacancies using MnO as a model system. Our density-functional-theory calculations show that, as expected from local volume arguments, compressive strain favors the formation of cation vacancies. Interestingly, we find that small compressive and tensile strains lead to ordering of the resulting holes along the in-plane and normal direction, respectively, which should manifest in different anisotropic properties in the two strain states. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W1865324963 | A Robust Data-Mining Approach to Bankruptcy Prediction | In this study, new variants of genetic programming (GP), namely gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP), are utilized to build models for bankruptcy prediction. Generalized relationships are obtained to classify samples of 136 bankrupt and non-bankrupt Iranian corporations based on their financial ratios. An important contribution of this paper is to identify the effective predictive financial ratios on the basis of an extensive bankruptcy prediction literature review and upon a sequential feature selection analysis. The predictive performance of the GEP and MEP forecasting methods is compared with the performance of traditional statistical methods and a generalized regression neural network. The proposed GEP and MEP models are effectively capable of classifying bankrupt and non-bankrupt firms and outperform the models developed using other methods. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1209/0295-5075/96/24006 | Dynamical Casimir Effect In Optically Modulated Cavities | Cavities with periodically oscillating mirrors have been predicted to excite photon pairs out of the quantum vacuum in a process known as the Dynamical Casimir Effect. Here we propose and analyse an experimental layout that can provide an efficient modulation of the effective optical length of a cavity mode in the near-infrared spectral region. An analytical model of the dynamical Casimir emission is developed and compared to the predictions of a direct numerical solution of Maxwell's equations in real time. A sizeable intensity of dynamical Casimir emission is anticipated for realistic operating parameters. In the presence of an external coherent seed beam, we predict amplification of the seed beam and the appearance of an additional phase-conjugate beam as a consequence of stimulated dynamical Casimir processes. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1364/OFC.2015.W1K.3 | All Optical Polarization Control For Telecom Applications | We describe a phenomenon of self-organization of the light state-of-polarization in optical fibers based on a nonlinear cross-polarization interaction between an incident signal and its backward replica. Several proof-of-principles for telecom applications are reported. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP09(2016)057 | Merging Ww And Ww Jet With Minlo | We present a simulation program for the production of a pair of W bosons in association with a jet, that can be used in conjunction with general-purpose shower Monte Carlo generators, according to the POWHEG method. We have further adapted and implemented the MINLO' method on top of the NLO calculation underlying our WW+jet generator. Thus, the resulting simulation achieves NLO accuracy not only for inclusive distributions in WW+jet production but also WW production, i. e. when the associated jet is not resolved, without the introduction of any unphysical merging scale. This work represents the first extension of the MINLO' method, in its original form, to the case of a genuine underlying 2->2 process, with non-trivial virtual corrections. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2980271671 | Architecture and Life History of Female Germ-Line Cysts in Clitellate Annelids | Animal female and male germ-line cells often form syncytial units termed cysts, clusters, or clones. Within these cysts, the cells remain interconnected by specific cell junctions known as intercellular bridges or ring canals, which enable cytoplasm to be shared and macromolecules and organelles to be exchanged between cells. Numerous analyses have shown that the spatial organization of cysts and their functioning may differ between the sexes and taxa. The vast majority of our knowledge about the formation and functioning of germ-line cysts comes from studies of model species (mainly Drosophila melanogaster); the other systems of the cyst organization and functioning are much less known and are sometimes overlooked. Here, we present the current state of the knowledge of female germ-line cysts in clitellate annelids (Clitellata), which is a monophyletic taxon of segmented worms (Annelida). The organization of germ-line cysts in clitellates differs markedly from that of the fruit fly and vertebrates. In Clitellata, germ cells are not directly connected one to another, but, as a rule, each cell has one ring canal that connects it to an anuclear central cytoplasmic core, a cytophore. Thus, this pattern of cell distribution is similar to the germ-line cysts of Caenorhabditis elegans. The last decade of studies has revealed that although clitellate female germ-line cysts have a strong morphological plasticity, e.g., cysts may contain from 16 to as many as 2500 cells, the oogenesis always shows a meroistic mode, i.e., the interconnected cells take on different fates; a few (sometimes only one) become oocytes, whereas the rest play the role of supporting (nurse) cells and do not continue oogenesis.This is the first comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on the organization and functioning of female germ-line cysts in clitellate annelids. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
851201 | Structured attosecond pulses for ultrafast nanoscience | Light is one of today’s most powerful tools for exploriLight is one of today’s most powerful tools for exploring nature at the frontier of the human knowledge. The rapid development of laser technology allow us today to generate ultrashort pulses of coherent structured light: light fields with custom spatial and temporal properties, such as intensity, phase and angular momentum. The later one represents one of the most interesting light properties nowadays, as topological light beams carrying angular momentum interact with matter differently, introducing mechanical motion to micro and nano-structures, and affecting fundamental excitation rules. High-order harmonic generation (HHG) stands as a unique mechanism to provide coherent flashes of light with outstanding properties: its radiation spectrum expands from the vacuum ultraviolet to the soft x-rays; it can be synthesized in pulses as short as several attoseconds (10^-18 seconds): and it can be structured in its angular momentum properties. This proposal represents a timely opportunity to explore the ground-breaking opportunities offered by attosecond structured x-ray sources. It conveys computing light-matter interaction in extreme conditions, which requires an extraordinary effort in the elaboration of new theoretical tools to design, propose and guide future experiments at the frontier of ultrafast science. We shall pioneer the new scenario of angular momenta in structured ultrashort x-rays –the most complex coherent pulses to date–. It is not difficult to envision a new era in ultrafast nanotechnology that makes use of these x-ray sources. In particular we shall pioneer their application to nanoscience and ultrafast magnetism. We aim to establish the grounding principles of attomagnetism, taking advantage of the unique opportunity offered by structured light pulses to induce pure attosecond magnetic fields, which could set the precedents of high-rate magnetic recording through ultrafast magnetization reversal. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W1494649204 | Abstract P313: Poor Cardiovascular Health Knowledge despite the Rising Epidemic of Cardiovascular Diseases: findings from a peri-urban Nepalese community | Nepal, a low-income South Asian country, is facing a growing epidemic of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Information on how well its population knows about the underlying risk factors and possible prevention and control strategies is an important determinant in tackling the epidemic. Studies indicate Nepalese people have poor knowledge regarding cardiovascular health, for example, about symptoms of heart attack or diabetes. We conducted a study on cardiovascular health literacy in a peri-urban area near Kathmandu and tested the hypothesis that better cardiovascular health knowledge is associated with superior cardiovascular health behaviour. For this cross-sectional study, we conducted face-to-face interviews with 777 consenting adults aged 25-59 years from six randomly sampled clusters of Duwakot and Jhaukhel communities between September and November 2011. We used WHO-STEPs questionnaire to gather information on demographic, behavioural and anthropometric variables. Additionally, we did a thorough literature search to construct questions on cardiovascular health knowledge and attitude. Scores were given to knowledge, attitude and behaviour/practice components which were then aggregated to calculate composite median percent scores. Five categories from highest to lowest quintiles of median percent scores were then generated. Seventy percent of the respondents were females- out of which two-thirds were housewives, and a third was without formal education. A fifth of the 229 male respondents were doing agriculture-based work. When asked to spontaneously name the risk factors, respondents showed low overall knowledge- ranging from 1% for diabetes and 29% for smoking. Sixty percent of them did not know any heart attack symptom. Chest pain as a heart attack sign was known only to 14% of the respondents. Nonetheless, 86% of them thought heart diseases could be prevented by improving lifestyles. However, 65% of men and 54% of women did not want to change their lifestyle as they did not consider themselves to be at risk. Further, among those with highest knowledge quintile score, only 14.7% had highest attitude quintile score, and only 13.4% had highest behaviour quintile score. Likewise, among those with lowest knowledge quintile score, 26% had lowest attitude quintile score, and 16.4% had lowest behaviour quintile score. In conclusion, despite the rising burden of cardiovascular epidemic in Nepal, population-level knowledge on cardiovascular health is still poor. Further, better knowledge did not necessarily translate into superior cardiovascular health behaviour. Therefore, community-based interventions that improve all the three components should be promoted rather than those which influence only the knowledge aspect. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
170653 | Relative role of reproductive isolating barriers during speciation | Understanding the appearance of reproductive isolation is essential for understanding mechanisms underlying the origin of species. This project aims at understanding the relative importance of different isolating barriers during adaptive speciation by looking at patterns of genomic divergence. I will use numerical modelling, analysis of RNAseq data from several biotypes (incipient species) of a model organism (pea aphid), and will perform mating experiments to address four research questions:
(1) Which patterns of genomic divergence arise when different isolation barriers apply?
(2) Which patterns of genomic divergence do pea aphids show?
(3) Do pea aphids biotypes have behavioural mate choice?
(4) Which reproductive barriers are needed for the completion of speciation in hybridizing biotypes?
Successful implementation of this project will improve my career perspectives, because it's training objectives were chosen to guarantee addressing skills gaps, diversifying experience and strengthening existing skills. European Research and Society will also benefit from results of this project, both though academic and economic pathways. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1109/HAPTIC.2012.6183840 | Human Operated 3D Micro Manipulator With Haptic Feedback | In this work we present a tool for human-controlled 3D assembly of micro-objects. The setup consists of a MEMS-based microgripper with integrated force sensor, piezo-positioners and a stereo micro-scope, all available commercially. Both position and opening of the gripper (3. 5-DOF) can be intuitively controlled by the human operator through a Phantom haptic interface using only one hand. Additionally the gripper's tilt angle can be adjusted. The measured force is presented to the operator, allowing secure, force-controlled gripping manipulation as well as exploration of unknown micro-environments. All features are experimentally evaluated and a two-layer pyramid is constructed out of four polystyrol beads (diameter: 45 µm) in an aqueous environment. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2263566319 | Soil crack morphology analysis using image processing techniques | The present paper demonstrated an image processing technique of surface soil crack analysis. The geometric features of cracks, such as width, length, and surface area are estimated. These parameters are important, because they influence both the soil hydraulics and mechanics. The crack intensity factor was introduced as a descriptor of the extent of surficial cracking. The correlation analysis indicates that area-weighted mean ratio of soil-crack area to perimeter and index r has a much closed positive relationship with cracks intensity and the area weighted mean of crack fractal dimension declines continuously as the degree of development of soil cracks increases, indicating that the degree of complexity of the soil cracks also gradually decreases. However, traditional visual assessment, which is the primary method in use, is slow and expensive. The present works involve image processing technique for the automatic detection and analysis of cracks in the digital image of a concrete surface. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1038/nrgastro.2010.213 | NF-κB in the liver-linking injury, fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma | Hepatic cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are the most common causes of death in patients with chronic liver disease. Chronic liver injury of virtually any etiology triggers inflammatory and wound-healing responses that in the long run promote the development of hepatic fibrosis and HCC. Here, we review the role of the transcription factor nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a master regulator of inflammation and cell death, in the development of hepatocellular injury, liver fibrosis and HCC, with a particular focus on the role of NF-κB in different cellular compartments of the liver. We propose that NF-κB acts as a central link between hepatic injury, fibrosis and HCC, and that it may represent a target for the prevention or treatment of liver fibrosis and HCC. However, NF-κB acts as a two-edged sword and inhibition of NF-κB may not only exert beneficial effects but also negatively impact hepatocyte viability, especially when NF-κB inhibition is pronounced. Finding appropriate targets or identifying drugs that either exert only a moderate effect on NF-κB activity or that can be specifically delivered to nonparenchymal cells will be essential to avoid the increase in liver injury associated with complete NF-κB blockade in hepatocytes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1371/journal.ppat.1003069 | Hsp90 Orchestrates Transcriptional Regulation by Hsf1 and Cell Wall Remodelling by MAPK Signalling during Thermal Adaptation in a Pathogenic Yeast | Thermal adaptation is essential in all organisms. In yeasts, the heat shock response is commanded by the heat shock transcription factor Hsf1. Here we have integrated unbiased genetic screens with directed molecular dissection to demonstrate that multiple signalling cascades contribute to thermal adaptation in the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. We show that the molecular chaperone heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) interacts with and down-regulates Hsf1 thereby modulating short term thermal adaptation. In the longer term, thermal adaptation depends on key MAP kinase signalling pathways that are associated with cell wall remodelling: the Hog1, Mkc1 and Cek1 pathways. We demonstrate that these pathways are differentially activated and display cross talk during heat shock. As a result ambient temperature significantly affects the resistance of C. albicans cells to cell wall stresses (Calcofluor White and Congo Red), but not osmotic stress (NaCl). We also show that the inactivation of MAP kinase signalling disrupts this cross talk between thermal and cell wall adaptation. Critically, Hsp90 coordinates this cross talk. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of Hsp90 disrupts the Hsf1-Hsp90 regulatory circuit thereby disturbing HSP gene regulation and reducing the resistance of C. albicans to proteotoxic stresses. Hsp90 depletion also affects cell wall biogenesis by impairing the activation of its client proteins Mkc1 and Hog1, as well as Cek1, which we implicate as a new Hsp90 client in this study. Therefore Hsp90 modulates the short term Hsf1-mediated activation of the classic heat shock response, coordinating this response with long term thermal adaptation via Mkc1- Hog1- and Cek1-mediated cell wall remodelling. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1016/j.ajpath.2011.03.026 | Pathogenesis of influenza A/H5N1 virus infection in ferrets differs between intranasal and intratracheal routes of inoculation | Most patients infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus develop severe pneumonia resulting in acute respiratory distress syndrome, with extrarespiratory disease as an uncommon complication. Intranasal inoculation of ferrets with influenza A/H5N1 virus causes lesions in both the respiratory tract and extrarespiratory organs (primarily brain). However, the route of spread to extrarespiratory organs and the relative contribution of extrarespiratory disease to pathogenicity are largely unknown. In the present study, we characterized lesions in the respiratory tract and central nervous system (CNS) of ferrets (n = 8) inoculated intranasally with influenza virus A/Indonesia/5/2005 (H5N1). By 7 days after inoculation, only 3 of 8 ferrets had a mild or moderate bronchointerstitial pneumonia. In contrast, all 8 ferrets had moderate or severe CNS lesions, characterized by meningoencephalitis, choroiditis, and ependymitis, and centered on tissues adjoining the cerebrospinal fluid. These findings indicate that influenza A/H5N1 virus spread directly from nasal cavity to brain, and that CNS lesions contributed more than pulmonary lesions to the pathogenicity of influenza A/H5N1 virus infection in ferrets. In comparison, intratracheal inoculation of ferrets with the same virus reproducibly caused severe bronchointerstitial pneumonia. The method of virus inoculation requires careful consideration in the design of ferret experiments as a model for influenza A/H5N1 in humans. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
10.1080/13510347.2019.1606797 | Conceptualizing and measuring subnational democracy across Indian states | India is often credited for its success as the world’s largest democracy, but variation in subnational democracy across its states has not been systematically incorporated into scholarship on subnational regimes. This paper develops a conceptualization of subnational democracy based on four constitutive dimensions–turnover, contestation, autonomy and clean elections–and introduces a comprehensive dataset to measure each of the dimensions between 1985 and 2013. The inclusion of India–an older parliamentary democracy with a centralized federal system–broadens the universe of cases for the study of subnational regimes, and reveals variation across constitutive dimensions that has not yet been theorized. The paper shows that threats to subnational democracy come from multiple directions, including the central government and non-state armed actors, that subnational variation persists even decades after a transition at the national-level, and that subnational democracy declines in some states in spite of the national democratic track record. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
Q2697754 | Apoyo a la empresa — AGAWA Kól Kółka JAWNA afectada por el brote de COVID-19 | «Problemas de la empresa con el brote de la pandemia: La compañía se vio obligada a cesar su actividad económica como resultado de los hallazgos del gobierno. Cancelación de todos los eventos especiales dentro del período 13.03.-18.05. Cerrando el restaurante (total) al mismo tiempo. al mismo tiempo, cancelamos todas las recepciones y comuniones programadas para marzo-mayo de 2020 debido a la prohibición de organizar eventos, generalmente la primavera es el mejor momento en la industria de la restauración, pero dada la pandemia de COVID de este año fue la temporada más difícil para nosotros. Reducción de invitados en bodas (que se han pospuesto con p. ej. 60 a una docena) hizo que organizar tales eventos fuera completamente poco rentable. La necesidad de implementar el proyecto: gracias a la implementación del proyecto, la empresa continuará llevando a cabo su actividad económica. El solicitante podrá mantener su empresa, ya que la liquidez financiera de la empresa se restablecerá a través de la cofinanciación. El empresario podrá utilizar fondos para incurrir en costos y tarifas actuales (por ejemplo, medios de comunicación, limpieza), así como utilizar fondos para aumentar la campaña promocional para recuperar la pérdida y atraer nuevos clientes. Cabe mencionar que hasta el momento los problemas de nuestra empresa no han afectado a la zona, lo que según nuestra estrategia consideramos los más importantes, es decir. Capital humano. A pesar de las dificultades, la empresa no decidió despedir a los empleados. A pesar de que la especificidad de nuestra actividad impidió el trabajo remoto, que en otras industrias podría haberse introducido, evitamos despidos y con los medios financieros que estamos solicitando junto con la normalización de la situación epidemiológica, reconstruiremos conjuntamente nuestra posición en el mercado». | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W2091623161 | Deterministic Polarization Entanglement Purification of χ-type entangled states in Multiple Degrees of Freedom | We present two deterministic entanglement purifications protocols for χ-type entangled states, resorting to multiple degrees of freedom. One protocol is implemented with the spatial entanglement to distill the maximally entangled states from the mixed states, resorting to some linear optical elements. Another one is implemented with the frequency entanglement for the purification. All the parties can jointly distill the maximally entangled states from the mixed states affected by the environmental noise during transmission. Both of the protocols can work in a deterministic way with the success probability 100 %, in principle. The derived features may make the protocols useful in the practical long-distance quantum communication. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/nar/gkz1093 | Discovery of a new predominant cytosine DNA modification that is linked to gene expression in malaria parasites | DNA cytosine modifications are key epigenetic regulators of cellular processes in mammalian cells, with their misregulation leading to varied disease states. In the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum, a unicellular eukaryotic pathogen, little is known about the predominant cytosine modifications, cytosine methylation (5mC) and hydroxymethylation (5hmC). Here, we report the first identification of a hydroxymethylcytosine-like (5hmC-like) modification in P. falciparum asexual blood stages using a suite of biochemical methods. In contrast to mammalian cells, we report 5hmC-like levels in the P. falciparum genome of 0. 2–0. 4%, which are significantly higher than the methylated cytosine (mC) levels of 0. 01–0. 05%. Immunoprecipitation of hydroxymethylated DNA followed by next generation sequencing (hmeDIP-seq) revealed that 5hmC-like modifications are enriched in gene bodies with minimal dynamic changes during asexual development. Moreover, levels of the 5hmC-like base in gene bodies positively correlated to transcript levels, with more than 2000 genes stably marked with this modification throughout asexual development. Our work highlights the existence of a new predominant cytosine DNA modification pathway in P. falciparum and opens up exciting avenues for gene regulation research and the development of antimalarials. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1080/00438243.2019.1627064 | Weaving Rural Economies Textile Production And Societal Complexity In Iron Age South Western Iberia | Studying textile production in the middle Guadiana basin between the seventh and fifth centuries BC, this article reveals the significance of textiles for the development and change of economic com. . . | [
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1007/978-1-4939-6820-6_4 | Flow cytometric isolation and differentiation of adipogenic progenitor cells into brown and brite/beige adipocytes | Aside from mature adipocytes, adipose tissue harbors several distinct cell populations including immune cells, endothelial cells, and adipogenic progenitor cells (AdPCs). AdPCs represent the reservoir of regenerative cells that replenishes adipocytes during normal cellular turnover and during times of increased demand for triglyceride-storage capacity. The worldwide increase in pathologies associated with the metabolic syndrome, such as obesity and type-2 diabetes, has heightened public and scientific interest in adipose tissues and the cell biological processes of adipose tissue formation and function. Two distinct types of fat cells are known: White and brown adipocytes. Especially brown adipose tissue (BAT) has received considerable attention due to its unique capacity for thermogenic energy expenditure and potential role in the treatment of adiposity. Accordingly, the cold-induced conversion of white into brown-like adipocytes has become a feasible approach in humans and a study-subject in rodents to better understand the underlying molecular processes. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) provides a method to isolate AdPCs and other cell populations from adipose tissue by using antibodies detecting unique surface markers. We here describe an approach to isolate cells committed to the adipogenic lineage and summarize established protocols to differentiate FACS-purified primary AdPCs into UCP1-expressing brown adipocytes under in vitro conditions. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
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