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W4226304480 | Estudio termográfico de las manifestaciones patológicas por humedades y del estado de conservación de la cubierta de la Basílica de Santa María | El presente trabajo analiza el estado actual de la cubierta de la Basílica de Santa María, Alicante, España. Este edificio data del siglo XIII y está catalogado. Para el análisis de las eflorescencias que se observan se realiza un análisis de la tipología constructiva, así como un análisis visual del estado de las mismas, describiendo las manifestaciones patológicas existentes, tanto en la zona exterior de las cubiertas, como en la zona interior de las salas bajo las mismas. Para el análisis técnico de las posibles filtraciones de la cubierta a las salas interiores de la basílica se realiza una prueba de estanquidad y la verificación a través del control de la variación de temperaturas mediante análisis termográfico. Se puede concluir la existencia y posición de filtraciones que han dañado este edificio catalogado.
 . | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"The Study of the Human Past"
] |
10.1038/ejhg.2013.244 | Fine mapping genetic determinants of the highly variably expressed MHC gene ZFP57 | ZFP57 is an important transcriptional regulator involved in DNA methylation and genomic imprinting during development. Here we demonstrate that gene expression also occurs at a low level in adult peripheral blood cells and other tissues including the kidney and thymus, but is critically dependent on underlying local genetic variation within the MHC. We resolve a highly significant expression quantitative trait locus for ZFP57 involving single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the first intron of the gene co-localizing with a DNase I hypersensitive site and evidence of CTCF recruitment. These data identify ZFP57 as a candidate gene underlying reported MHC disease associations, notably for putative regulatory variants associated with cancer and HIV-1. The work highlights the role that ZFP57 may play in DNA methylation and epigenetic regulation beyond early development into adult life dependent on genetic background, with important potential implications for disease. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-3359 | Sirtuin 1 Regulates Acinar To Ductal Metaplasia And Supports Cancer Cell Viability In Pancreatic Cancer | The exocrine pancreas can undergo acinar-to-ductal metaplasia (ADM), as in the case of pancreatitis where precursor lesions of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) can arise. The NAD(+)-dependent protein deacetylase Sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) has been implicated in carcinogenesis with dual roles depending on its subcellular localization. In this study, we examined the expression and the role of Sirt1 in different stages of pancreatic carcinogenesis, i. e. ADM models and established PDAC. In addition, we analyzed the expression of KIAA1967, a key mediator of Sirt1 function, along with potential Sirt1 downstream targets. Sirt1 was co-expressed with KIAA1967 in the nuclei of normal pancreatic acinar cells. In ADM, Sirt1 underwent a transient nuclear-to-cytoplasmic shuttling. Experiments where during ADM, we enforced repression of Sirt1 shuttling, inhibition of Sirt1 activity or modulation of its expression, all underscore that the temporary decrease of nuclear and increase of cytoplasmic Sirt1 stimulate ADM. Our results further underscore that important transcriptional regulators of acinar differentiation, that is, Pancreatic transcription factor-1a and β-catenin can be deacetylated by Sirt1. Inhibition of Sirt1 is effective in suppression of ADM and in reducing cell viability in established PDAC tumors. KIAA1967 expression is differentially downregulated in PDAC and impacts on the sensitivity of PDAC cells to the Sirt1/2 inhibitor Tenovin-6. In PDAC, acetylation of β-catenin is not affected, unlike p53, a well-characterized Sirt1-regulated protein in tumor cells. Our results reveal that Sirt1 is an important regulator and potential therapeutic target in pancreatic carcinogenesis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
10.1021/acs.analchem.7b00372 | Supported Microwires for Electroanalysis: Sensitive Amperometric Detection of Reduced Glutathione | A carbon microfiber (7 μm diameter) is employed herein as an electroanalytical sensor. The fabricated sensor is cheap, is disposable, and requires only 150 μL of samples. The carbon fiber is surface-mounted onto an inert surface to overcome the problems of the fragility of the microwire and the possible interference of convective force due to the nonrigid nature of the wires, as well as to improve the reproducibility in length and the amperometric responses. As the cylindrical electrode is supported on a surface, the diffusion of redox-active species to the electrode is partially blocked by the substrate. A theoretical model is developed to account for this hindered diffusion. The mass-transport regime is altered from "linear" at very short time, where the amperometric responses of the supported microwire closely resemble that of an isolated free-standing cylinder (current α electrode area), to "convergent" at long time where its response now tends toward that of a hemicylinder of equal radius. The model is validated using chronoamperometry and cyclic voltammetry of an ideal outer-sphere redox probe, reversible ferrocene methanol oxidation. The fabricated microwire electrode is further applied to the system of irreversible 2-nitro-5-thiobenzoate oxidation used in the detection of reduced glutathione (GSH). The microwire electrode shows significantly higher ratio of Faradaic to non-Faradaic currents as compared to microdisk, macrodisk or carbon nanotube modified electrodes. Using the fabricated microwire, GSH can be detected with the sensitivity of 0. 7 nA μM-1 and the limit of detection of 0. 5 μM (3 sB/m). (Figure Presented). | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
interreg_87 | Adriatic - Danube - Black Sea multimodal platform | The idea of the project is to develop and promote environmentally friendly, multimodal transport solutions from the ports in the SEE programme area (Black Sea, Aegean, Adriatic) to inland countries and regions along a selected pilot transnational network. This will be done by developing and establishing a "multimodal transport development platform", which integrates different regions and stakeholders from the transport business. ADB Multiplatform aims at: 1) developing a network of multimodal hubs in SEE area, with common quality and performance standards, connected by innovative ICT and transport services; 2) developing accessibility and trade within SEE area and corridors addressed; 3) making multimodal transport a real alternative to road for hinterland traffic catchable by Adriatic/Aegean/Black Sea Ports, through common development actions of multimodal transport; 4) making rail a reliable solution for economic operators of SEE area, through the development of a main integrated rail corridor connecting Black Sea to landlocked countries, with branches to main Adriatic Ports; 5) integration of rail and inland waterway transport through the enhancement of main rail-river hubs and promotion of rail-water intermodality; 6) protecting environment of SEE area, through the shift of road traffic to rail and inland waterway, and the development of international agreements for developing policies for external costs internalisation. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
] |
10.3899/jrheum.190258 | Reliability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Scoring of the Metatarsophalangeal Joints of the Foot according to the Rheumatoid Arthritis MRI Score | Objective. The Rheumatoid Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score (RAMRIS) is validated for hand MRI. Its reliability applied to metatarsophalangeal (MTP 1–5) joints is unknown and was studied in early arthritis and clinically suspect arthralgia. Methods. Patients underwent 1. 5 Tesla MRI of MTP, metacarpophalangeal (MCP 2–5), and wrist joints. Two paired readers scored bone marrow edema (BME), synovitis, tenosynovitis, and erosions. Interreader reliability was assessed of 441 consecutive early arthritis patients at baseline, 215 by 2 readers, and the remaining 226 by 2 different readers. Two readers scored baseline MRI of 82 consecutive patients with clinically suspect arthralgia, and 40 randomly selected patients by 9 readers. Intrareader reliability was determined on a random set of 15 early arthritis patients, scored twice by 2 readers. For change scores, 30 early arthritis patients with baseline and 1-year followup MRI were scored by 2 readers. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman (BA) plots, and smallest detectable change (SDC) were determined. MRI data of MTP joints were compared to wrist and MCP joints. Results. Interreader ICC and mean scores in early arthritis were BME ICC 0. 91–0. 92 (mean 1. 5 ± SD 2. 6), synovitis 0. 90–0. 92 (1. 3 ± 1. 7), tenosynovitis 0. 80–0. 85 (1. 1 ± 1. 8), and erosions 0. 88–0. 89 (0. 7 ± 1. 0). In patients with clinically suspect arthralgia, ICC were comparable. Intrareader ICC for inflammatory MRI features were 0. 84–0. 98, for erosions 0. 71 (reader 1), and 0. 92 (reader 2). Change score ICC were ≥ 0. 90, except erosions (0. 77). SDC were ≤ 1. 0. BA plots showed no systematic bias. Reliability scores of MTP joints were similar to MCP and wrist joints. Conclusion. Status and change MRI scores of BME, synovitis, tenosynovitis, and erosions of MTP joints can be assessed reliably by RAMRIS. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
10.1016/j.str.2015.04.018 | Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ski7 Is a GTP-Binding Protein Adopting the Characteristic Conformation of Active Translational GTPases | Summary Ski7 is a cofactor of the cytoplasmic exosome in budding yeast, functioning in both mRNA turnover and non-stop decay (NSD), a surveillance pathway that degrades faulty mRNAs lacking a stop codon. The C-terminal region of Ski7 (Ski7C) shares overall sequence similarity with the translational GTPase (trGTPase) Hbs1, but whether Ski7 has retained the properties of a trGTPase is unclear. Here, we report the high-resolution structures of Ski7C bound to either intact guanosine triphosphate (GTP) or guanosine diphosphate-Pi. The individual domains of Ski7C adopt the conformation characteristic of active trGTPases. Furthermore, the nucleotide-binding site of Ski7C shares similar features compared with active trGTPases, notably the presence of a characteristic monovalent cation. However, a suboptimal polar residue at the putative catalytic site and an unusual polar residue that interacts with the γ-phosphate of GTP distinguish Ski7 from other trGTPases, suggesting it might function rather as a GTP-binding protein than as a GTP-hydrolyzing enzyme. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1016/j.cell.2015.09.034 | Global Brain Dynamics Embed the Motor Command Sequence of Caenorhabditis elegans | While isolated motor actions can be correlated with activities of neuronal networks, an unresolved problem is how the brain assembles these activities into organized behaviors like action sequences. Using brain-wide calcium imaging in Caenorhabditis elegans, we show that a large proportion of neurons across the brain share information by engaging in coordinated, dynamical network activity. This brain state evolves on a cycle, each segment of which recruits the activities of different neuronal sub-populations and can be explicitly mapped, on a single trial basis, to the animals' major motor commands. This organization defines the assembly of motor commands into a string of run-and-turn action sequence cycles, including decisions between alternative behaviors. These dynamics serve as a robust scaffold for action selection in response to sensory input. This study shows that the coordination of neuronal activity patterns into global brain dynamics underlies the high-level organization of behavior. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
10.1098/rsta.2017.0364 | The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations | The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society raises a number of fundamental questions concerning governance of data, transparency of algorithms, legal and ethical frameworks for automated algorithmic decision-making and the societal impacts of algorithmic automation itself. This article, an introduction to the discussion meeting issue of the same title, gives an overview of current challenges and opportunities in these areas, through which accelerated technological progress leads to rapid and often unforeseen practical consequences. These consequences—ranging from the potential benefits to human health to unexpected impacts on civil society—are summarized here, and discussed in depth by other contributors to the discussion meeting issue. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘The growing ubiquity of algorithms in society: implications, impacts and innovations'. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
10.1002/adfm.201907641 | Walking the Route to GHz Solution-Processed Organic Electronics: A HEROIC Exploration | Limited charge carrier mobility of organic semiconductors, especially for solution-processed polymer thin films, has typically relegated organic electronics to low-frequency operation. Nevertheless, thanks to a steady increase in electronic properties of organics, much higher operation frequencies are feasible, suggesting a possible and appealing scenario where lightweight, cost-effective, and conformable electronics can integrate both sensing and radio-frequency transmitting functionalities, which are the key to unlock pervasive networks of distributed sensors revolutionizing human–environment interaction. Few years ago, it was suggested that gigahertz (GHz) field-effect transistors could be achievable even with solution-based processes. This was the basis for the European Research Council project high-frequency printed and direct-written organic-hybrid integrated circuits (HEROIC), which in the last few years investigated such unexplored path. Here, the authors report their vision toward the achievement of radio-frequency organic electronics mainly with solution-based and scalable processes, with reference to the experience of the HEROIC project and to some of the most notable literature examples. The authors show that the achievement of solution-processable organic field-effect transistors with GHz operation is indeed feasible, but requires considering a carefully revised scenario in which the main role is played by charge injection, together with the geometric overlap, the capacitive parasitism associated to fringing and some constraints on the dielectric layer thickness. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
W2000204722 | Factors associated with persistent hypertension after puerperium among women with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia in Mulago hospital, Uganda | Abstract Background Women with severe pre-eclampsia/eclampsia are at risk of developing chronic hypertension in future. Chronic hypertension may manifest initially as persistent hypertension at the end of the puerperium. The objective was to determine the incidence and maternal biochemical, hematological and socio-demographic risk factors for persistent hypertension in patients with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Methods This was a prospective cohort study conducted from November 2008 to May 2009 at Mulago hospital labor ward and postnatal clinic. Participants were 200 women managed for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia and followed up to the end of the puerperium. Data was collected through using pre-coded interviewer-administered questionnaires, checking medical records and laboratory investigations. STATA (release 9) software was used for data analysis. At bivariate analysis, the relative risk of persistent hypertension was estimated at the 95% confidence level. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, factors that were independently associated with persistent hypertension were evaluated. Results Fifty four (27.7%) out of the total 195 women had persistent hypertension after puerperium. Serum creatinine and the age of the patient were the only factors associated with persistence of hypertension after puerperium. Conclusion Nearly every one in four mothers with pre-eclampsia/eclampsia are at risk of persistent hypertension after the puerperium. Serum creatinine, serum uric acid and participants' age were the only factors independently associated with persistence of hypertension after the puerperium. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1007/s11537-012-1104-z | Denominator identities for finite-dimensional Lie superalgebras and Howe duality for compact dual pairs | We provide formulas for the denominator and superdenominator of a basic classical type Lie superalgebra for any set of positive roots. We establish a connection between certain sets of positive roots and the theory of reductive dual pairs of real Lie groups, and, as an application of these formulas, we recover the Theta correspondence for compact dual pairs. Along the way we give an explicit description of the real forms of basic classical type Lie superalgebras. | [
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1002/eji.201343887 | Mucosal delivery of antigen-coated nanoparticles to lungs confers protective immunity against tuberculosis infection in mice | Mucosal boosting of BCG-immunised individuals with a subunit tuberculosis (TB) vaccine would be highly desirable, considering that the lungs are the principal port of entry for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) and the site of the primary infection and reactivation. However, the main roadblock for subunit TB vaccine development is the lack of suitable adjuvants that could induce robust local and systemic immune responses. Here, we describe a novel vaccine delivery system that was designed to mimic, in part, the MTB pathogen itself. The surface of yellow carnauba wax nanoparticles was coated with the highly immunogenic Ag85B Ag of MTB and they were directed to the alveolar epithelial surfaces by the incorporation of the heparin-binding hemagglutinin adhesion (HBHA) protein. Our results showed that the i. n. immunisation of BCG-primed BALB/c mice with nanoparticles adsorbed with Ag85B-HBHA (Nano-AH vaccine) induced robust humoral and cellular immune responses and IFN-γ production, and multifunctional CD4+ T cells expressing IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α. Mice challenged with H37Rv MTB had a significantly reduced bacterial load in their lungs when compared with controls immunised with BCG alone. We therefore conclude that this immunisation approach is an effective means of boosting the BCG-induced anti-TB immunity. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.4049/jimmunol.1201579 | Genetic depletion of complement receptors CD21/35 prevents terminal prion disease in a mouse model of chronic wasting disease | The complement system has been shown to facilitate peripheral prion pathogenesis. Mice lacking complement receptors CD21/35 partially resist terminal prion disease when infected i. p. with mouse-adapted scrapie prions. Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is an emerging prion disease of captive and free-ranging cervid populations that, similar to scrapie, has been shown to involve the immune system, which probably contributes to their relatively facile horizontal and environmental transmission. In this study, we show that mice overexpressing the cervid prion protein and susceptible to CWD (Tg(cerPrP)5037 mice) but lack CD21/35 expression completely resist clinical CWD upon peripheral infection. CD21/35-deficient Tg5037 mice exhibit greatly impaired splenic prion accumulation and replication throughout disease, similar to CD21/35-deficient murine prion protein mice infected with mouse scrapie. TgA5037;CD21/35 -/- mice exhibited little or no neuropathology and deposition of misfolded, protease-resistant prion protein associated with CWD. CD21/35 translocate to lipid rafts and mediates a strong germinal center response to prion infection that we propose provides the optimal environment for prion accumulation and replication. We further propose a potential role for CD21/35 in selecting prion quasi-species present in prion strains that may exhibit differential zoonotic potential compared with the parental strains. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1093/carcin/bgp003 | Super competition as a possible mechanism to pioneer precancerous fields | Cancer is the result of sequential genetic changes over time that transform a cell into a malignant and ultimately invasive entity. The insight that cancerous cells arise from a series of mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressors, commonly known as multistep carcinogenesis, has been conceptually elaborated and proven in the last 20 years. Although knowledge about late steps of cancerogenesis and disease progression has greatly advanced, the initial molecular events remain largely unknown. Basic research in Drosophila has started the quest to find early markers that detect initial clonal expansion of precancerous cells. These efforts were spurred by novel findings demonstrating that certain mutations transform cells into super-competitors that expand at the expense of the surrounding epithelial cells without inducing histological changes. This mechanism, discovered as super competition in the fly, might also lie at the heart of a clinical observation termed 'field cancerization'. This review aims to bring together current understanding from basic research on cell competition and clinical studies that have analyzed field characteristics to highlight parallels and possible connections. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
FI 9700501 W | EVENT RECORDING IN A SERVICE DATABASE SYSTEM | The invention relates to a method of handling event recordings in a service database system. The database comprises measurement tables (MT) which include consecutive rows (Ri). A single row comprises data about a single measurement object. So that correct counter values can be recorded efficiently, the counters on the measurement table row have been duplicated, and in every recording interval the counter values of a given counter group on said row are incremented, and the counter values of another given counter group on said row are recorded according to a predefined rotation principle. In the system, measurement object-specific and measurement group-specific time stamps are maintained, on the basis of which it is tested whether the counter values are acceptable for recording. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1371/journal.pone.0094713 | Chronic high-fat diet impairs collecting lymphatic vessel function in mice | Lymphatic vessels play an essential role in intestinal lipid uptake, and impairment of lymphatic vessel function leads to enhanced adipose tissue accumulation in patients with lymphedema and in genetic mouse models of lymphatic dysfunction. However, the effects of obesity on lymphatic function have been poorly studied. We investigated if and how adipose tissue accumulation influences lymphatic function. Using a lymphatic specific tracer, we performed in vivo near-infrared (NIR) imaging to assess the function of collecting lymphatic vessels in mice fed normal chow or high-fat diet (HFD). Histological and whole mount analyses were performed to investigate the morphological changes in initial and the collecting lymphatic vessels. HFD was associated with impaired collecting lymphatic vessel function, as evidenced by reduced frequency of contractions and diminished response to mechanostimulation. Moreover, we found a significant negative correlation between collecting lymphatic vessel function and body weight. Whole mount analyses showed an enlargement of contractile collecting lymphatic vessels of the hind limb. In K14-VEGF-C mice, HFD resulted in a reduced spreading of the tracer within dermal lymphatic vessels. These findings indicate that adipose tissue expansion due to HFD leads to a functional impairment of the lymphatic vasculature, predominantly in collecting lymphatic vessels. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
W2346949293 | First-principles calculations of elasticity of minerals at high temperature and pressure | Abstract The elasticity of minerals at high temperature and pressure ( PT ) is critical for constraining the composition and temperature of the Earth’s interior and understand better the deep water cycle and the dynamic Earth. First-principles calculations without introducing any adjustable parameters, whose results can be comparable to experimental data, play a more and more important role in investigating the elasticity of minerals at high PT mainly because of (1) the quick increasing of computational powers and (2) advances in method. For example, the new method reduces the computation loads to one-tenth of the traditional method with the comparable precise as the traditional method. This is extraordinarily helpful because first-principles calculations of the elasticity of minerals at high PT are extremely time-consuming. So far the elasticity of most of lower mantle minerals has been investigated in detail. We have good idea on the effect of temperature, pressure, and iron concentration on elasticity of main minerals of the lower mantle and the unusual softening in bulk modulus by the spin crossover of iron in ferropericlase. With these elastic data the lower mantle has been constrained to have 10–15 wt% ferropericlase, which is sufficient to generate some visible effects of spin crossover in seismic tomography. For example, the spin crossover causes that the temperature sensitivity of P wave at the depth of ~1700 km is only a fraction of that at the depth of ~2300 km. The disruptions of global P wave structure and of P wave image below hotspots such as Hawaii and Iceland at similar depth are in consistence with the spin crossover effect of iron in ferropericlase. The spin crossover, which causes anomalous thermodynamic properties of ferropericlase, has also been found to play a control role for the two features of the large low shear velocity provinces (LLSVPs): the sharp edge and high elevation up to 1000 km above core-mantle boundary. All these results clearly suggest the spin crossover of iron in the lower mantle. The theoretical investigations for the elasticity of minerals at the upper mantle and water effect on elasticity of minerals at the mantle transition zone and subducting slab have also been conducted extensively. These researches are critical for understanding better the composition of the upper mantle and water distribution and transport in the Earth’s mantle. Most of these were static calculations, which did not include the vibrational (temperature) effect on elasticity, although temperature effect on elasticity is basic because of high temperature at the Earth’s interior and huge temperature difference between the ambient mantle and the subducting slab. Including temperature effect on elasticity of minerals should be important future work. New method developed is helpful for these directions. The elasticity of iron and iron-alloy with various light elements has also been calculated extensively. However, more work is necessary in order to meet the demand for constraining the types and amount of light elements at the Earth’s core. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Earth System Science"
] |
EP 2011001092 W | DEVICE FOR LOCKING AN AXIALLY MOVABLE COMPONENT OF A HYDRAULIC SYSTEM | The invention relates to a device for locking an axially movable component (2) of a hydraulic system, wherein the axially movable component (2) can be detachably fixed in a positively locking manner in at least one axial position by means of a detent mechanism (4) with at least one detent body (5), and with a release device (6) for releasing the respective detent body (5) from the axially movable component (2), wherein the detent mechanism (4) can be latched and released by means of a clamping piston (7) and using a force store (8), and wherein the clamping piston (7) can be moved in a working chamber (27) which can be charged with a clamping pressure, which device is characterized in that the clamping piston (7) can be adjusted at least into one switching position by a switching device (9), in that the clamping piston (7) can be acted on with the clamping pressure by means of the switching device (9) and, in said switching position, can be moved out of the latching position thereof by the force store (8) in the event of a withdrawal of the clamping pressure. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1101/sqb.2018.83.037630 | Parvalbumin interneuron plasticity for consolidation of reinforced learning | Parvalbumin (PV) basket cells are widespread local interneurons that inhibit principal neurons and each other through perisomatic boutons. They enhance network function and regulate local ensemble activities, particularly in the γ range. Organized network activity is critically important for long-term memory consolidation during a late time window 11–15 h after acquisition. Here, we discuss the role of learning-related plasticity in PV neurons for long-term memory consolidation. The plasticity can lead to enhanced (high-PV) or reduced (low-PV) expression of PV/GAD67. High-PV plasticity is induced upon definite reinforced learning in early-born PV basket cells, whereas low-PV plasticity is induced upon provisional reinforced learning in late-born PV basket cells. The plasticity is first detectable 6 h after acquisition, at the end of a time window for memory specification through experience, and is critically important 11–15 h after acquisition for enhanced network activity and long-term memory consolidation. High- and low-PV plasticity appear to regulate activity in distinct local networks of principal neurons and PV basket cells. These findings suggest how flexibility and stability in learning and memory might be implemented through parallel circuits and networks. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
] |
10.1007/s00114-011-0854-4 | Wind speed affects prey-catching behaviour in an orb web spider | Wind has previously been shown to influence the location and orientation of spider web sites and also the geometry and material composition of constructed orb webs. We now show that wind also influences components of prey-catching behaviour within the web. A small wind tunnel was used to generate different wind speeds. Araneus diadematus ran more slowly towards entangled Drosophila melanogaster in windy conditions, which took less time to escape the web. This indicates a lower capture probability and a diminished overall predation efficiency for spiders at higher wind speeds. We conclude that spiders' behaviour of taking down their webs as wind speed increases may therefore not be a response only to possible web damage. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
10.1109/HUMANOIDS.2017.8246914 | Trial And Error Learning Of Repulsors For Humanoid Qp Based Whole Body Control | Whole body controllers based on quadratic programming allow humanoid robots to achieve complex motions. However, they rely on the assumption that the model perfectly captures the dynamics of the robot and its environment, whereas even the most accurate models are never perfect. In this paper, we introduce a trial-and-error learning algorithm that allows whole-body controllers to operate in spite of inaccurate models, without needing to update these models. The main idea is to encourage the controller to perform the task differently after each trial by introducing repulsors in the quadratic program cost function. We demonstrate our algorithm on (1) a simple 2D case and (2) a simulated iCub robot for which the model used by the controller and the one used in simulation do not match. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1038/s41560-019-0531-y | Understanding and accounting for the effect of exchange rate fluctuations on global learning rates | Learning rates are a central concept in energy system models and integrated assessment models, as they allow researchers to project the future costs of new technologies and to optimize energy system costs. Here we argue that exchange rate fluctuations are an important, but thus far overlooked, determinant of the learning-rate variance observed in the literature. We explore how empirically observed global learning rates depend on where technologies are installed and which currency is used to calculate the learning rate. Using global data of large-scale photovoltaic (≥5 MW) plants, we show that the currency choice can result in learning-rate differences of up to 16 percentage points. We then introduce an adjustment factor to correct for the effect of exchange rate and market focus fluctuations and discuss the implications of our findings for innovation scholars, energy modellers and decision makers. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1002/cssc.201701938 | Micelle-Assisted Electrodeposition of Mesoporous Fe–Pt Smooth Thin Films and their Electrocatalytic Activity towards the Hydrogen Evolution Reaction | Mesoporous Fe–Pt thin films are obtained by micelle-assisted electrodeposition onto metallic substrates with dissimilar activity (namely, gold, copper, and aluminum seed layers evaporated on Si/Ti) under constant applied potential (E=−1. 1 V vs. Ag/AgCl) and deposition time (600 s). The amphiphilic triblock copolymer Pluronic P-123 is used as a soft template to guide the formation of mesopores. The occurrence of pores (ca. 7 nm in diameter) with narrow size distribution, distributed evenly over the surface, is observed in all cases. Despite the applied conditions being the same, the roughness and the amount of Fe incorporated in the films are influenced by the nature of the substrate. In particular, ultra-smooth films containing a larger amount of Fe (21 wt %) are obtained when deposition takes place on the Au surface. X-ray diffraction analyses reveal that Pt and Fe are alloyed to a certain extent, although some iron oxides/hydroxides also unavoidably form. The resulting films have been tested as electrocatalysts in the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. The mesoporous Fe-rich Fe–Pt films on Au show excellent HER activity and cyclability. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
interreg_977 | Acoustic pollution control of urban, island and port centers | DECIBEL addresses the ports integrated in the insular cities of Bastia, Ile-Rousse, Olbia, Portoferraio and Giglio. It proposes a noise pollution reduction model specific to these insular urban ports too close to dwelling areas, often only ten meters away. It plans to come up with a set of pilot actions to apply said noise reduction model. It will monitor these actions to see which ones work better and determine good practices to ensure the durability and transferability of the results from the project. A study will probably be carried out in every partner port to come up with shared and specific noise pollution issues as well as an inventory of existing and effective noise reduction solutions. The totality of these elements will allow the drafting of a joint document integrating a common strategy and a cross-border action plan for the definition of land traffic regulation models for urban and people's activities to reduce sound transmissions. The plan will also address the problem of sound pollution coming from docking ships. Each partner port will carry out a pilot action consistent with the joint strategy and the cross-border action plan. Lastly, these actions will be monitored for their sound impact according to the cross-border action plan criteria. This evaluation will lead to the identification of good practices based on the results obtained. These will be listed in a common catalogue to contribute to the durability and transferability of the project results. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1007/jhep04(2018)089 | Helicity amplitudes for QCD with massive quarks | Abstract
The novel massive spinor-helicity formalism of Arkani-Hamed, Huang and Huang provides an elegant way to calculate scattering amplitudes in quantum chromodynamics for arbitrary quark spin projections. In this note we compute two families of tree-level QCD amplitudes with one massive quark pair and n − 2 gluons. The two cases include all gluons with identical helicity and one opposite-helicity gluon being color-adjacent to one of the quarks. Our results naturally incorporate the previously known amplitudes for both quark spins quantized along one of the gluonic momenta. In the all-multiplicity formulae presented here the spin quantization axes can be tuned at will, which includes the case of the definite-helicity quark states. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
] |
US 2015/0031459 W | NEURAL NETWORK-BASED CONFIDENCE ASSESSMENT MODULE FOR HEALTHCARE CODING APPLICATIONS | A system including a confidence assessment module that implements a neural network to assess the likelihood that codes associated with a patient's encounter with a healthcare organization are accurate. The confidence assessment module may also be incrementally trained. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1111/rssb.12154 | Of quantiles and expectiles: Consistent scoring functions, Choquet representations and forecast rankings | In the practice of point prediction, it is desirable that forecasters receive a directive in the form of a statistical functional. For example, forecasters might be asked to report the mean or a quantile of their predictive distributions. When evaluating and comparing competing forecasts, it is then critical that the scoring function used for these purposes be consistent for the functional at hand, in the sense that the expected score is minimized when following the directive. We show that any scoring function that is consistent for a quantile or an expectile functional can be represented as a mixture of elementary or extremal scoring functions that form a linearly parameterized family. Scoring functions for the mean value and probability forecasts of binary events constitute important examples. The extremal scoring functions admit appealing economic interpretations of quantiles and expectiles in the context of betting and investment problems. The Choquet-type mixture representations give rise to simple checks of whether a forecast dominates another in the sense that it is preferable under any consistent scoring function. In empirical settings it suffices to compare the average scores for only a finite number of extremal elements. Plots of the average scores with respect to the extremal scoring functions, which we call Murphy diagrams, permit detailed comparisons of the relative merits of competing forecasts. | [
"Mathematics"
] |
W4280515669 | Alla ricerca di dispositivi socio organizzativi per qualificazione dei servizi sanitari e sociali: un contributo riflessivo sull’esperienza osservata | Questo testo contempla la riflessione presentata alla fine della “Fiera degli strumenti: metodologie per la qualificazione dei servizi e delle organizzazioni sanitarie e sociali”, realizzata in febbraio 2018, all’interno del Laboratorio Italo-Brasiliano di Formazione, Ricerca e Pratiche in Salute Collettiva, avvenuto nello spazio formativo dell’ex ospedale psichiatrico "Francesco Roncati", oggi sede dell’Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Bologna, Servizio Sanitario Regionale Emilia-Romagna, Bologna/Italia. La “Fiera degli Strumenti” pretendeva mettere in gioco diversi strumenti di “formazione situata”. I presentatori portavano una strategia tra quelle usate nei loro propri progetti di formazione in servizio, e le avrebbero offerto a partecipanti “esploratori” delle loro possibilità, cioè, userebbero la strategia, non come una “lezione frontale”, ma come “azione sperimentale”. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
649024 | Comparative analysis of planarian regeneration - why some worms regenerate while others don’t | The ability to regenerate lost body parts is widespread amongst animals, yet humans, for example, can only regenerate specific organs. Why some animals regenerate while others hardly do remains a fascinating conundrum, especially so in face of “survival of the fittest”. Even amongst planarian flatworms, famous for their ability to regenerate from random tissue fragments, species exist that have completely lost the ability to regenerate. This proposal will exploit the unique diversity of planarian regenerative abilities amongst to ask why some worms regenerate while others do not. We and others have established that planarian Wnt signalling acts as critical node in the evolution of regeneration defects. Using this finding as strategic focus for comparisons between regenerating and non-regenerating species, we will investigate i) the cell biological mechanisms that shape Wnt pathway activity; ii) the genomic mechanisms that differentially deploy critical pathway regulators; and iii) evolutionary mechanisms in form of life history trait trade-offs as possible driving force behind the drift of regenerative abilities. Key to the project is a diverse collection of regenerating and regeneration-deficient species that my lab has established. Focused comparisons between our two primary model species D. lacteum and S. mediterranea, employing pan-planarian antibodies and functional genomics, will allow us to understand the detailed causes of altered pathway activity. Comparisons amongst the entire collection of 50 species will provide the necessary breadth for identifying and studying the evolutionary principles that “naturally select” regeneration-deficient planarians. The comparative approach of RegEvolve will thus uniquely bridge the proximate (molecular)- with the ultimate (evolutionary) causes of regeneration defects and such interdisciplinary endeavour between molecular and evolutionary regeneration research will lead to new and profound insights into both fields. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
] |
W2055059625 | Queue Layouts of Hypercubes | A queue layout of a graph consists of a linear ordering $\sigma$ of its vertices and a partition of its edges into sets, called queues, such that in each set no two edges are nested with respect to $\sigma$. We show that the $n$-dimensional hypercube $Q_n$ has a layout into $n-\lfloor \log_2 n \rfloor$ queues for all $n\ge 1$. On the other hand, for every $\varepsilon>0$, every queue layout of $Q_n$ has more than $(\frac{1}{2}-\varepsilon) n-O(1/\varepsilon)$ queues and, in particular, more than $(n-2)/3$ queues. This improves previously known upper and lower bounds on the minimal number of queues in a queue layout of $Q_n$. For the lower bound we employ a new technique of out-in representations and contractions which may be of independent interest. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1088/1742-6596/278/1/012011 | Exploring Surface Wave Interaction With Angled Defects In The Near And Far Field | This paper explores some effects that occur when using laser ultrasound to scan defective samples. Surface defects can often propagate at an angle to the surface; however, for calibration, slots machined normal to the surface of the sample are typically used. Several interesting angle-dependent effects are observed when Rayleigh waves interact with angled surface defects, and are explored here using measurements and models for a scanning laser detector (SLD) or scanning laser line source (SLLS) scanned across the defect. Reflection and transmission coefficients are calculated for different crack angles and lengths. Additionally, interesting angle-dependent effects are observed in the Rayleigh wave amplitude and frequency enhancements in the near field when using SLD or SLLS. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1038/s41575-018-0025-6 | Gut microbiota-mediated inflammation in obesity: a link with gastrointestinal cancer | Overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of developing metabolic disorders such as diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. However, besides these metabolic diseases, excess body weight is also associated with different cancers, including gastrointestinal cancers, such as liver, pancreatic and colon cancers. Inflammation is a common feature of both obesity and cancer; however, the origin of this inflammation has been largely debated. Over the past decade, growing evidence has shown that the composition of the gut microbiota and its activity might be associated not only with the onset of inflammation but also with metabolic disorders and cancer. Here, we review the links between the gut microbiota, gut barrier function and the onset of low-grade inflammation in the development of gastrointestinal cancer. We also describe the mechanisms by which specific microorganism-associated molecular patterns crosstalk with the immune system and how the metabolic activity of bacteria induces specific signalling pathways beyond the gut that eventually trigger carcinogenesis. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
W49752878 | Working Process Simulation Analysis on an Diesel Injector with Different Needle Valve Parameters | The injector is a key component of the diesel fuel oil injection system, which directly affects the performance of the diesel engine. And the needle valve is a vital part for the injector. In order to analyze the effect of the needle valve parameters on injection performance, the simulation model of a certain type diesel injector was established based on AMESim. And a simulation for a whole injection cycle of this injector was performed, thus the injection characteristics and the relevant information about motion of the needle valve was obtained. The effect on the velocity of the needle valve, the flow rate and the quantity of the fuel oil injection, etc. had been analyzed by changing the needle valve parameters such as the preload of the pressure regulating spring, the needle valve diameter, and the orifice diameter. The analysis would provide some references in structure design, optimization, test data analysis and fault diagnosis. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1162/evco_a_00231 | Data-Efficient Design Exploration through Surrogate-Assisted Illumination | Design optimization techniques are often used at the beginning of the design process to explore the space of possible designs. In these domains illumination algorithms, such as MAP-Elites, are promising alternatives to classic optimization algorithms because they produce diverse, high-quality solutions in a single run, instead of only a single near-optimal solution. Unfortunately, these algorithms currently require a large number of function evaluations, limiting their applicability. In this article, we introduce a new illumination algorithm, Surrogate-Assisted Illumination (SAIL), that leverages surrogate modeling techniques to create a map of the design space according to user-defined features while minimizing the number of fitness evaluations. On a two-dimensional airfoil optimization problem, SAIL produces hundreds of diverse but high-performing designs with several orders of magnitude fewer evaluations than MAP-Elites or CMA-ES. We demonstrate that SAIL is also capable of producing maps of high-performing designs in realistic three-dimensional aerodynamic tasks with an accurate flow simulation. Data-efficient design exploration with SAIL can help designers understand what is possible, beyond what is optimal, by considering more than pure objective-based optimization. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
170894 | Computer modelling and experimental validation of plasmas and plasma- surface interactions, for a deep insight in cryogenic etching | Microchips have caused a revolution in electronics over the last few decades. Following Moore's law, much effort has been put into continuously shrinking electronic feature dimensions. Indeed, typical feature sizes of semi-conductor decreased from 10 µm in 1971 to 14 nm in 2014. With the shrinkage of feature sizes, plasma etching plays a more and more important role due to its anisotropy during surface processing.
However, to go beyond 14 nm features, current state-of-the-art plasma processing faces significant challenges, such as plasma induced damage. Recently, one such novel process with limited plasma damage is cryogenic etching of low-k material with SF6/O2/SiF4 and CxFy plasmas.
In this project, the fundamental mechanisms of the plasma, and its interaction with the surface, for these gas mixtures, will be studied to improve cryogenic plasma etching.
For this purpose, numerical models (a hybrid Monte Carlo - fluid model and molecular dynamics model) will be employed to describe (i) the plasma behavior for SF6/O2/SiF4 and CxFy gas mixtures applied for cryogenic etching, and (ii) the surface interactions of the plasma species with the substrate during etching.
Furthermore, cryogenic etch experiments will also be conducted to validate the modeling results during the secondment. Such an interdisciplinary project, including chemistry, physics, mathematics, computer modeling and chemical engineering, will definitely widen the applicant’s expertise in different plasma investigation approaches. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
10.1557/jmr.2019.262 | Microstructural dependence of the fracture toughness of metallic thin films: A bulge test and atomistic simulation study on single-crystalline and polycrystalline silver films | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
|
10.1038/s41467-019-09664-2 | The neural dynamics of hierarchical Bayesian causal inference in multisensory perception | Transforming the barrage of sensory signals into a coherent multisensory percept relies on solving the binding problem – deciding whether signals come from a common cause and should be integrated or, instead, segregated. Human observers typically arbitrate between integration and segregation consistent with Bayesian Causal Inference, but the neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we presented people with audiovisual sequences that varied in the number of flashes and beeps, then combined Bayesian modelling and EEG representational similarity analyses. Our data suggest that the brain initially represents the number of flashes and beeps independently. Later, it computes their numbers by averaging the forced-fusion and segregation estimates weighted by the probabilities of common and independent cause models (i. e. model averaging). Crucially, prestimulus oscillatory alpha power and phase correlate with observers’ prior beliefs about the world’s causal structure that guide their arbitration between sensory integration and segregation. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.5194/acp-14-10431-2014 | How sensitive is the recovery of stratospheric ozone to changes in concentrations of very short-lived bromocarbons? | Naturally produced very short-lived substances (VSLS) account for almost a quarter of the current stratospheric inorganic bromine, Bry. Following VSLS oxidation, bromine radicals (Br and BrO) can catalytically destroy ozone. The extent to which possible increases in surface emissions or transport of these VSLS bromocarbons to the stratosphere could counteract the effect of halogen reductions under the Montreal Protocol is an important policy question. Here, by using a chemistry-climate model, UM-UKCA, we investigate the impact of a hypothetical doubling (an increase of 5 ppt Bry) of VSLS bromocarbons on ozone and how the resulting ozone changes depend on the background concentrations of chlorine and bromine. Our model experiments indicate that for the 5 ppt increase in Bry from VSLS, the ozone decrease in the lowermost stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere (SH) may reach up to 10% in the annual mean; the ozone decrease in the Northern Hemisphere (NH) is smaller (4-6%). The largest impact on the ozone column is found in the Antarctic spring. There is a significantly larger ozone decrease following the doubling of the VSLS burden under a high stratospheric chlorine background than under a low chlorine background, indicating the importance of the inter-halogen reactions. For example, the decline in the high-latitude, lower-stratospheric ozone concentration as a function of Bry is higher by about 30-40% when stratospheric Cly is ∼ 3 ppb (present day), compared with Cly of ∼ 0. 8 ppb (a pre-industrial or projected future situation). Bromine will play an important role in the future ozone layer. However, even if bromine levels from natural VSLS were to increase significantly later this century, changes in the concentration of ozone will likely be dominated by the decrease in anthropogenic chlorine. Our calculation suggests that for a 5 ppt increase in Bry from VSLS, the Antarctic ozone hole recovery date could be delayed by approximately 6-8 years, depending on Cly levels. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1145/2661229.2661231 | Sketch Classification And Classification Driven Analysis Using Fisher Vectors | We introduce an approach for sketch classification based on Fisher vectors that significantly outperforms existing techniques. For the TU-Berlin sketch benchmark [Eitz et al. 2012a], our recognition rate is close to human performance on the same task. Motivated by these results, we propose a different benchmark for the evaluation of sketch classification algorithms. Our key idea is that the relevant aspect when recognizing a sketch is not the intention of the person who made the drawing, but the information that was effectively expressed. We modify the original benchmark to capture this concept more precisely and, as such, to provide a more adequate tool for the evaluation of sketch classification techniques. Finally, we perform a classification-driven analysis which is able to recover semantic aspects of the individual sketches, such as the quality of the drawing and the importance of each part of the sketch for the recognition. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
Q2049960 | (0333000064) TECHNOLOGIES ET SOLUTIONS INNOVANTES AU SERVICE DE LA CHAÎNE D’APPROVISIONNEMENT LAITIER PIÉMONTAISE POUR PROMOUVOIR SA COMPÉTITIVITÉ ET SA DURABILITÉ | (0333000064) TECHNOLOGIES ET SOLUTIONS INNOVANTES AU SERVICE DE LA CHAÎNE D’APPROVISIONNEMENT LAITIER PIÉMONTAISE POUR PROMOUVOIR SA COMPÉTITIVITÉ ET SA DURABILITÉ | [
"Products and Processes Engineering"
] |
694189 | CEREBRAL ASYMMETRY: NEW DIRECTIONS IN CORRELATES AND ETIOLOGY | 150 years after Broca's seminal statement ""Nous parlons avec l'hémisphère gauche"" we still do not know how or why we have this bias. I propose that by studying cases of impaired language development and combining genetic and neuropsychological approaches we will be able to make a leap forward in our understanding of the quintessentially human characteristic of functional cerebral asymmetry. I argue that contradictory findings in the literature may be reconciled if we adopt a novel approach to cerebral asymmetry. In particular, I propose a network efficiency hypothesis which maintains that optimal development depends on organisation of key language functions within the same cerebral hemisphere.
In project A, I will combine behavioural measures with functional transcranial Doppler ultrasound (fTCD) measures of blood flow and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify individual differences in patterns of dissociation between language functions in lateralisation. In project B I will test the prediction that risk for language and literacy impairment is increased if different language functions are represented in opposite hemispheres. For project C, simulations of predictions from genetic models will be tested using data on twin-cotwin similarity in language lateralisation. Project D will test a 'double hit' genetic model that predicts that neurodevelopmental abnormalities, including language deficits and inconsistent asymmetry, arise when there is more than one hit on a functional brain circuit. For this study we will use an existing sample of individuals already known to have one 'hit' on the neuroligin-neurexin circuit, viz people with an additional dose of neuroligin caused by an extra sex chromosome. Project E will focus on individuals with inconsistent patterns of language laterality and will look for rare genetic mutations and structural rearrangements associated with a departure from consistent left hemisphere language.
| [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
10.1093/mnras/stz2138 | Constraining cold accretion on to supermassive black holes: molecular gas in the cores of eight brightest cluster galaxies revealed by joint CO and CN absorption | Abstract
To advance our understanding of the fuelling and feedback processes which power the Universe’s most massive black holes, we require a significant increase in our knowledge of the molecular gas which exists in their immediate surroundings. However, the behaviour of this gas is poorly understood due to the difficulties associated with observing it directly. We report on a survey of 18 brightest cluster galaxies lying in cool cores, from which we detect molecular gas in the core regions of eight via carbon monoxide (CO), cyanide (CN) and silicon monoxide (SiO) absorption lines. These absorption lines are produced by cold molecular gas clouds which lie along the line of sight to the bright continuum sources at the galaxy centres. As such, they can be used to determine many properties of the molecular gas which may go on to fuel supermassive black hole accretion and AGN feedback mechanisms. The absorption regions detected have velocities ranging from −45 to 283 km s−1 relative to the systemic velocity of the galaxy, and have a bias for motion towards the host supermassive black hole. We find that the CN N = 0 − 1 absorption lines are typically 10 times stronger than those of CO J = 0 − 1. This is due to the higher electric dipole moment of the CN molecule, which enhances its absorption strength. In terms of molecular number density CO remains the more prevalent molecule with a ratio of CO/CN ∼10, similar to that of nearby galaxies. Comparison of CO, CN, and H i observations for these systems shows many different combinations of these absorption lines being detected. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
] |
852334 | The Micro-foundations of Debt Crises | This project takes a new bottom-up approach to understanding the political roots of government debt crises. It proposes that in order to understand why governments borrow excessively and experience crises, we must first understand what citizens are thinking (or not thinking) about debt policy. Citizens’ preferences are the cornerstone of political theories because they inform policymakers’ incentives. Yet, no studies have systematically examined why citizens in some countries are willing to take steps before a crisis to reduce government debt while others ignore warnings and reward political inaction.
This proposal pursues two successive objectives.
First, the project will conduct the first comprehensive analysis of individual-level preferences for debt reduction before a crisis. It will develop and test multiple hypotheses that seek to explain which elements of society are (un)supportive of debt reduction policies, what rational or irrational factors motivate their decisions, and how stable these preferences are to manipulation by elites. The analysis centers around original and innovative multi-country survey experiments that elicit the character and stability of preferences for debt reduction.
The project’s second phase uses these insights to connect the micro to the macro. By understanding which groups of citizens are motivated by which material factors or cognitive biases, we will develop new theories explaining how the distribution of these groups, and their interaction with institutions, influence political decisions and ultimately affect the risk of sovereign debt crises. This analysis will include two empirical innovations. First, it will include the first ever survey experiment conducted on actual bond traders to determine which country political and economic factors are most important in assessing credit risk. Second, it will produce a new data set of government attempts to engage in debt reduction. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1101/cshperspect.a032391 | Structural basis of nuclear pre-mRNA splicing: Lessons from Yeast | Noncoding introns are removed from nuclear precursor messenger RNA (pre-mRNA) in a two-step phosphoryl transfer reaction by the spliceosome, a dynamic multimegadalton enzyme. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae spliceosome were recently determined in eight key states. Combined with the wealth of available genetic and biochemical data, these structures have revealed new insights into the mechanisms of spliceosome assembly, activation, catalysis, and disassembly. The structures show how a single RNA catalytic center forms during activation and accomplishes both steps of the splicing reaction. The structures reveal how spliceosomal helicases remodel the spliceosome for active site formation, substrate docking, reaction product undocking, and spliceosome disassembly and how they facilitate splice site proofreading. Although human spliceosomes contain additional proteins, their cryo-EM structures suggest that the underlying mechanism is conserved across all eukaryotes. In this review, we summarize the current structural understanding of pre-mRNA splicing. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
interreg_1146 | MEDITERRANEAN MEDIEVAL PLACES OF PILGRIMAGE Network for the documentation, preservation and enhancement of monuments in the euro -mediterranean area | The EGERIA network constitutes a factual cooperation of 11 bodies (public authorities, institutes, NGO’s, private bodies) from 8 countries of the Eastern Mediterranean. It aims at the development of a modern pilgrimage route that includes the far most valuable pilgrimage sites-cultural trademarks of the area, using the dynamic and experience of the appropriate bodies that systematically work for the cultural heritage. They contribute to regional development, preservation of the cultural scenery and natural environment but furthermore to creating the necessary terms for the social and economic development of the region through the vehicle οf cultural tourism. The idea Since ancient times pilgrimage has been an important form of religious activity, a ritual process in which the pilgrim as an individual strives to cleanse his/her mind and soul of worldly concerns, in pursuit of a higher spiritual state, thus enhancing of his/her life and spiritual status. Pilgrimage, as a peaceful and spiritual human activity, has resisted the pressures of passing centuries. Shrines and places of pilgrimage provide a common destination for those wishing to come together in peace and to enrich their own lives as well as to acquire spiritual grace through a journey of faith – a journey both real and symbolic. Such activities and places acquire even greater significance in these troubled times, especially in the region of the eastern Mediterranean. Etheria, or Egeria, an Early Christian pilgrim (381 – 384 AD), visited the most important places of Christian pilgrimage in the Mediterranean, passing through Alexandria in Egypt, Thebes, the Sinai monastery, Palestine, Jerusalem, Galilee, Antioch, Edessa, Seleucia and Constantinople –leaving us an invaluable journal of her travels. We owe much of our knowledge of the important pilgrim monuments of the early Christian world to her faith, courage and meticulous record of what she had witnessed. The life and work of this remarkable woman were the inspiration behind our own preparation of this Proposal and our desire to establish a comprehensive itinerary of east Mediterranean places of pilgrimage – an act of homage to her memory as well as an aid to a modern pilgrim, an academic, a scholar, and all ordinary visitors with the thirst for knowledge. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
] |
10.1364/OE.23.028640 | Remote Electrical Arc Suppression By Laser Filamentation | We investigate the interaction of narrow plasma channels formed in the filamentation of ultrashort laser pulses, with a DC high voltage. The laser filaments prevent electrical arcs by triggering corona that neutralize the high-voltage electrodes. This phenomenon, that relies on the electric field modulation and free electron release around the filament, opens new prospects to lightning and over-voltage mitigation. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1145/2665007 | Implementation And Computation Of A Value For Generalized Characteristic Function Games | Generalized characteristic function games are a variation of characteristic function games, in which the value of a coalition depends not only on the identities of its members, but also on the order in which the coalition is formed. This class of games is a useful abstraction for a number of realistic settings and economic situations, such as modeling relationships in social networks. To date, two main extensions of the Shapley value have been proposed for generalized characteristic function games: the Nowak-Radzik [1994] value and the Sanchez-Bergantinos [1997] value. In this context, the present article studies generalized characteristic function games from the point of view of implementation and computation. Specifically, the article makes two key contributions. First, building upon the mechanism by Dasgupta and Chiu [1998], we present a non-cooperative mechanism that implements both the Nowak-Radzik value and the Sanchez-Bergantinos value in Subgame-Perfect Nash Equilibria in expectations. Second, in order to facilitate an efficient computation supporting the implementation mechanism, we propose the Generalized Marginal-Contribution Nets representation for this type of game. This representation extends the results of Ieong and Shoham [2005] and Elkind et al. [2009] for characteristic function games and retains their attractive computational properties. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
10.1111/1365-2656.12703 | Estimating Demographic Contributions To Effective Population Size In An Age Structured Wild Population Experiencing Environmental And Demographic Stochasticity | Summary
1. A population's effective size (Ne) is a key parameter that shapes rates of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity, thereby influencing evolutionary processes and population viability. However estimating Ne, and identifying key demographic mechanisms that underlie the Ne to census population size (N) ratio, remains challenging, especially for small populations with overlapping generations and substantial environmental and demographic stochasticity and hence dynamic age-structure. 2. A sophisticated demographic method of estimating Ne/N, which uses Fisher's reproductive value to account for dynamic age-structure, has been formulated. However this method requires detailed individual- and population-level data on sex- and age-specific reproduction and survival, and has rarely been implemented. 3. Here we use the reproductive value method and detailed demographic data to estimate Ne/N for a small and apparently isolated red-billed chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) population of high conservation concern. We additionally calculated two single-sample molecular genetic estimates of Ne to corroborate the demographic estimate and examine evidence for unobserved immigration and gene flow. 4. The demographic estimate of Ne/N was 0. 21, reflecting a high total demographic variance (σ2dg) of 0. 71. Females and males made similar overall contributions to σ2dg. However, contributions varied among sex-age classes, with greater contributions from 3 year-old females than males, but greater contributions from ≥5 year-old males than females. 5. The demographic estimate of Ne was ~30, suggesting that rates of increase of inbreeding and loss of genetic variation per generation will be relatively high. Molecular genetic estimates of Ne computed from linkage disequilibrium and approximate Bayesian computation were approximately 50 and 30 respectively, providing no evidence of substantial unobserved immigration which could bias demographic estimates of Ne. 6. Our analyses identify key sex-age classes contributing to demographic variance and thus decreasing Ne/N in a small age-structured population inhabiting a variable environment. They thereby demonstrate how assessments of Ne can incorporate stochastic sex- and age-specific demography and elucidate key demographic processes affecting a population's evolutionary trajectory and viability. Furthermore, our analyses show that Ne for the focal chough population is critically small, implying that management to re-establish genetic connectivity may be required to ensure population viability. This article is protected by copyright. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
742909 | IASI - Flux and temperature | IASI - Flux and temperature
July 2016 was Earth's warmest month on record. The first six months of 2016 were also the warmest six-month period since modern meteorology observations began. This, along with the recent so-called “hiatus” in the warming trend, and the Paris climate agreement, all attracted scientific and public attention as to how reliable the historical temperature record is, and to the level of confidence in future model climate projections. Although the role of satellites in observing the variability and change of the Earth system has increased in recent decades, remotely-sensed observations are still underexploited to accurately assess climate change fingerprints. The IASI - Flux and Temperature (IASI-FT) project aims at providing new benchmarks for top-of-atmosphere radiative flux and temperature observations using the calibrated radiances measured twice a day at any location by the IASI instrument on the suite of MetOp satellites.
The main challenge is to achieve the stringent accuracy and stability necessary for climate studies, particularly for climate trends. Building upon the expertise accumulated by my group during the last 10 years, I propose the development of innovative algorithms and statistical tools to generate climate data records at the global scale, of (1) spectrally resolved outgoing radiances, (2) land and sea skin surface temperatures, and (3) temperatures at selected altitudes. Time series of these quantities will be compared with in situ and other satellite observations if available, atmospheric reanalyses, and climate model simulations. The observed trends will be analyzed at seasonal and regional scales in order to disentangle natural (weather/dynamical) variability and human-induced climate forcings. This project, while clearly research-oriented, will lead towards an operational integrated observational strategy for the Earth climate system, given that the IASI program started in 2006 and will last until 2040 at least. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1038/s41467-017-01668-0 | Unique architecture of thermophilic archaeal virus APBV1 and its genome packaging | Archaeal viruses have evolved to infect hosts often thriving in extreme conditions such as high temperatures. However, there is a paucity of information on archaeal virion structures, genome packaging, and determinants of temperature resistance. The rod-shaped virus APBV1 (Aeropyrum pernix bacilliform virus 1) is among the most thermostable viruses known; it infects a hyperthermophile Aeropyrum pernix, which grows optimally at 90 °C. Here we report the structure of APBV1, determined by cryo-electron microscopy at near-Atomic resolution. Tight packing of the major virion glycoprotein (VP1) is ensured by extended hydrophobic interfaces, and likely contributes to the extreme thermostability of the helical capsid. The double-stranded DNA is tightly packed in the capsid as a left-handed superhelix and held in place by the interactions with positively charged residues of VP1. The assembly is closed by specific capping structures at either end, which we propose to play a role in DNA packing and delivery. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1051/0004-6361/201629020 | Gaia Eso Survey Global Properties Of Clusters Trumpler 14 And 16 In The Carina Nebula | This work was partly supported by the Euro pean Union FP7 program through ERC grant number 320360 and by the Leverhulme Trust through grant RPG-2012-541. We acknowledge the support from INAF an d Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Universita’ e della Ricerca (MIUR) in the form of the grant "Premiale VLT 2012". | [
"Universe Sciences"
] |
10.1039/C4TA02457E | Feni Nanoparticles With Carbon Armor As Sustainable Hydrogenation Catalysts Towards Biorefineries | Carbon supported FeNi nanoparticles were prepared by carbothermal reduction of cellulose filter paper impregnated with Fe and Ni salts. The resulting carbon enwrapped alloy nanoparticles were employed as an efficient catalyst for the continuous hydrogenation of molecules obtainable from different fractions of lignocellulosic biomass. Scale-up and time on stream tests over 80 hours proved the catalyst stable and durable of over a wide range of conditions. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.cmet.2015.07.020 | Mitochondrial respiration controls lysosomal function during inflammatory t cell responses | The endolysosomal system is critical for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. However, how endolysosomal compartment is regulated by mitochondrial function is largely unknown. We have generated a mouse model with defective mitochondrial function in CD4+ T lymphocytes by genetic deletion of the mitochondrial transcription factor A (Tfam). Mitochondrial respiration deficiency impairs lysosome function, promotes p62 and sphingomyelin accumulation, and disrupts endolysosomal trafficking pathways and autophagy, thus linking a primary mitochondrial dysfunction to a lysosomal storage disorder. The impaired lysosome function in Tfam-deficient cells subverts T cell differentiation toward proinflammatory subsets and exacerbates the in vivo inflammatory response. Restoration of NAD+ levels improves lysosome function and corrects the inflammatory defects in Tfam-deficient T cells. Our results uncover a mechanism by which mitochondria regulate lysosome function to preserve T cell differentiation and effector functions, and identify strategies for intervention in mitochondrial-related diseases. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
US 2005/0011607 W | REPORTER PLASMID PHAGE PACKAGING SYSTEM FOR DETECTION OF BACTERIA | The invention is related to a transducing particle that comprises a bacteriophage coat and a DNA core that comprises plasmid DNA comprising: a) a host-specific bacteriophage packaging site wherein the packaging site is substantially in isolation from sequences naturally occurring adjacent thereto in the bacteriophage genome, b) a reporter gene, c) a bacteria-specific promoter operably linked to said reporter gene, d) a bacteria-specific origin of replication, and optionally e) an antibiotic resistance gene. The invention includes phage transducing particles, methods of making transducing particles, and methods of using the transducing particles in bacterial detection. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
] |
W1972315182 | Topographical anatomy of the anterior cervical approach for c2-3 level | To develop a clinically relevant anterior cervical approach (ACA) to the C2-3 level.Frequently encountered nerves [hypoglossal (HyN), internal (ISLN) and external superior laryngeal nerves (ESLN)] and vessels [lingual (LiA), superior laryngeal (SLA) and superior thyroid arteries (STA)] in the field of high ACA and the anatomic spatial markers [submandibular gland (SMG); sling for digastrics muscle (SDG); hyoid bone (HyB), and thyroid cartilage (ThC)] were evaluated using 18 fresh cadavers. The vertical distance of each structure at the carotid sheath and larynx and each disc for cervical level were measured from the suprasternal notch.The cervical levels of SDG, SMG and HyB were mostly C3 and that of ThC was C5. The vertical locations of HyN and LiA were not significantly different and the levels corresponded to C2. The levels for ISLN and ESLN were C3 at carotid and C4 and C5 at larynx sides, respectively. The vertical locations of ISLN and HyN were significantly different at carotid (p = 0.001) and larynx (p < 0.001) sides. The vertical locations and cervical levels of SLA and STA at carotid and larynx sides were not significantly different with those of ISLN and ESLN, respectively. The HyN traversed C2 with accompanying LiA. The ISLN passed C3 and C4 from carotid to larynx sides and accompanied SLA.The C2-3 level can be exposed through the space between the HyN and the ISLN by retracting the LiA superiorly, the SLA inferiorly, the HyB medially, and the carotid sheath laterally. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
10.1039/c8cc10089f | Guest–host interactions of nanoconfined anti-cancer drug in metal–organic framework exposed by terahertz dynamics | Guest–host interactions of mechanochemically synthesized drug@MOF composite systems revealed by inelastic neutron scattering. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
] |
10.1109/TIP.2015.2499698 | Multi Scale Patch Based Image Restoration | Many image restoration algorithms in recent years are based on patch processing. The core idea is to decompose the target image into fully overlapping patches, restore each of them separately, and then merge the results by a plain averaging. This concept has been demonstrated to be highly effective, leading often times to the state-of-the-art results in denoising, inpainting, deblurring, segmentation, and other applications. While the above is indeed effective, this approach has one major flaw: the prior is imposed on intermediate (patch) results, rather than on the final outcome, and this is typically manifested by visual artifacts. The expected patch log likelihood (EPLL) method by Zoran and Weiss was conceived for addressing this very problem. Their algorithm imposes the prior on the patches of the final image , which in turn leads to an iterative restoration of diminishing effect. In this paper, we propose to further extend and improve the EPLL by considering a multi-scale prior. Our algorithm imposes the very same prior on different scale patches extracted from the target image. While all the treated patches are of the same size, their footprint in the destination image varies due to subsampling. Our scheme comes to alleviate another shortcoming existing in patch-based restoration algorithms—the fact that a local (patch-based) prior is serving as a model for a global stochastic phenomenon. We motivate the use of the multi-scale EPLL by restricting ourselves to the simple Gaussian case, comparing the aforementioned algorithms and showing a clear advantage to the proposed method. We then demonstrate our algorithm in the context of image denoising, deblurring, and super-resolution, showing an improvement in performance both visually and quantitatively. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
W628185556 | Crimean Tatars From Mass Deportation to Hardships in Occupied Crimea | The article begins with a description of the deportation of Crimean Tatars. It provides a brief review of the German Occupation of Crimea, examines the negative images of Crimean Tatars published in Soviet newspapers between 1941-1943 and the explicit rationale given by the Soviet authorities for the deportation of Crimean Tatars, and reviews the mitigation of hostilities against Tatars in the years following the war. The article continues with accounts of the attempts to repatriate Crimean Tatars after 1989 and the discriminative policies against the returning people. The conclusion of the article describes current hardships experienced by Tatars in occupied Crimea. The last seventy years have presented Crimean Tatars with profound challenges and enormous hardship. They suffered greatly at the hands of the Soviet government during their deportation of 1944 and their return in the late 1980s, and they are being discriminated against by the Russian Government following the annexation of Crimea in 2014. After the Soviets recaptured Ukraine from the Wehrmacht in 1944, Crimean Tatars were deported to Central Asia based on accusations of willingly supporting the enemy, killing innocent Ukrainian civilians, and conspiring to establish a Crimean Tatar republic under German rule. The presentation of this group as traitors and enemies of the Soviet people was used as a foundation for discriminative policies during their return to Crimea. Now they are facing oppressive measures implemented by the Russian government in Crimea, which are being justified based on accusations of extremism and radicalism. In order to understand the structures and dynamics of the current identity-based conflict in Crimea that has led to the brutal oppression of Crimean Tatars after the Russian annexation of Crimea in 2014, it is necessary to understand the political and social legacies of Stalinist repression, and the impact of that repression on the development of the systems of identity for Crimean Tatars and Russians over the last fifty years. The case study presented in this paper covers a vastly understudied area in the literature of Ukrainian studies, Russian studies, and genocide studies, which has theoretical and practical implications for our understanding of conflict and identity in post-Soviet Russia, and the on-going conflict in Ukraine. The analysis in this article represents a clear case of categorical violence. Johan Galtung developed the concepts of direct, cultural, and structural violence. 1 While direct violence describes open cases of aggression, structural violence is understood as injustice and exploitation built into a social system of inequalities, and cultural violence is based on the prevailing attitudes and beliefs in the society. This article shows that Crimean Tatars were victims of all three forms of violence described by Galtung. They were deported by the Stalinist regime, were harassed upon their return to Crimea in 1990s and brutally beaten and killed during the current occupation regime in Crimea. The political structures of Soviet Union and current Putin's Russia supported these aggressive policies, while a culture of paternalism and submission to power justified violent actions. This article states that the prevailing form of violence against Crimean Tatars was categorical violence. This violence is based on the social category (ethnic, religious, regional, national, gender, age, etc) that is ascribed to a particular group. It can be related to existing identities of this group, or it can be created by the authority or group in power. Because of belonging to a specific social category, a particular group can be denied some rights or access to resources and power (economic and political discrimination), to basic needs, including food (famine), territory (deportation), or right to exist (genocide). Members of a particular social group can experience exceptional hardship only because of their membership in this group that is perceived as treacherous, rebellious, or just secondary. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
] |
W1557721925 | Modeling Complex Workflow in Molecular Diagnostics | One of the hurdles to achieving personalized medicine has been implementing the laboratory processes for performing and reporting complex molecular tests. The rapidly changing test rosters and complex analysis platforms in molecular diagnostics have meant that many clinical laboratories still use labor-intensive manual processing and testing without the level of automation seen in high-volume chemistry and hematology testing. We provide here a discussion of design requirements and the results of implementation of a suite of lab management tools that incorporate the many elements required for use of molecular diagnostics in personalized medicine, particularly in cancer. These applications provide the functionality required for sample accessioning and tracking, material generation, and testing that are particular to the evolving needs of individualized molecular diagnostics. On implementation, the applications described here resulted in improvements in the turn-around time for reporting of more complex molecular test sets, and significant changes in the workflow. Therefore, careful mapping of workflow can permit design of software applications that simplify even the complex demands of specialized molecular testing. By incorporating design features for order review, software tools can permit a more personalized approach to sample handling and test selection without compromising efficiency. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
10.1111/ffe.12578 | Fatigue crack closure: a review of the physical phenomena | Plasticity-induced, roughness-induced and oxide-induced crack closures are reviewed. Special attention is devoted to the physical origin, the consequences for the experimental determination and the prediction of the effective crack driving force for fatigue crack propagation. Plasticity-induced crack closure under plane stress and plane strain conditions require, in principle, a different explanation; however, both types are predictable. This is even the case in the transition region from the plane strain to the plane stress state and all types of loading conditions including constant and variable amplitude loading, the short crack case or the transition from small-scale to large-scale yielding. In contrast, the prediction of roughness-induced and oxide-induced closures is not as straightforward. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
GB 2219559 A | Vibrator | 856,238. Earth-excavating equipment; boring earth. INDUSTRIKOMPANIET A.B. June 29, 1959 [July 1, 1958], No. 22195/59. Classes 68(1) and 85. [Also in Group XXIX] A liquid-pressure engine for excavating, drilling rock &c., comprises a piston 42 reciprocatable in a cylinder 31 and connected by an element 37 and a spring system 44, 44a to a valve 36, 38, which is moved in accordance with the movements of the piston to connect the cylinder to a source of liquid 60 or to an outlet 63, the spring system being in a chamber 43b connected by at least one passage 55 to an outlet 64 for discharging liquid from the chamber to prevent pressure therein affecting operation of the engine. The lower surface of the piston is permanently connected to the source 60, and the upper surface alternately connected to the source and the outlet 63 by the valve which is connected to the piston by the element 37 in the form of a spindle and the springs 44, 44a engaging an abutment 43.in the chamber 43b formed in the piston rod, piston, valve chamber or valve casing, the valve thus being moved with a time-lag in accordance with the movements of the piston which are of high frequency, e.g. 6000 strokes/min. The valve chamber 43b is connected to the outlet by passages 55 in an extension of the piston or by a passage in the spindle 37. A single spring may be used. The frequency and amplitude of the movement of the piston may be varied by modifying the dimensions of the springs or by controlling the pressure of the supply of liquid. Specifications 814,240, 856,239 and 856,240 are referred to. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.03.064 | Fractal image perception provides novel insights into hierarchical cognition | Hierarchical structures play a central role in many aspects of human cognition, prominently including both language and music. In this study we addressed hierarchy in the visual domain, using a novel paradigm based on fractal images. Fractals are self-similar patterns generated by repeating the same simple rule at multiple hierarchical levels. Our hypothesis was that the brain uses different resources for processing hierarchies depending on whether it applies a "fractal" or a "non-fractal" cognitive strategy. We analyzed the neural circuits activated by these complex hierarchical patterns in an event-related fMRI study of 40 healthy subjects. Brain activation was compared across three different tasks: a similarity task, and two hierarchical tasks in which subjects were asked to recognize the repetition of a rule operating transformations either within an existing hierarchical level, or generating new hierarchical levels. Similar hierarchical images were generated by both rules and target images were identical. We found that when processing visual hierarchies, engagement in both hierarchical tasks activated the visual dorsal stream (occipito-parietal cortex, intraparietal sulcus and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex). In addition, the level-generating task specifically activated circuits related to the integration of spatial and categorical information, and with the integration of items in contexts (posterior cingulate cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and medial, ventral and anterior regions of temporal cortex). These findings provide interesting new clues about the cognitive mechanisms involved in the generation of new hierarchical levels as required for fractals. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
EP 2011062813 W | TEMPERATURE MONITORING APPARATUS FOR A STEAM TRAP | A monitoring apparatus for monitoring the temperature of a body, said apparatus comprising a housing defining a volume of air exposed to said body, a temperature sensor being located within said volume of air at a position remote from said body whereby the temperature of the body can be determined from the output of the temperature sensor. In one embodiment said housing defines a substantially vertically arranged flue exposed at its lower end to said body, said temperature sensor being located within said flue, at least one air inlet being provided in said flue at a position below said temperature sensor, at least one air outlet being provided in said flue at a position above said temperature sensor, whereby said body, when heated, may initiate a rising column of air within the flue due to convection when the temperature of the body is greater than the ambient temperature, said temperature sensor being exposed to said rising column of air. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1038/s41566-019-0394-6 | Ultrasensitive hyperspectral imaging and biodetection enabled by dielectric metasurfaces | Metasurfaces based on resonant subwavelength photonic structures enable novel ways of wavefront control and light focusing, underpinning a new generation of flat-optics devices1. Recently emerged all-dielectric asymmetric metasurfaces, composed of arrays of metaunits with broken in-plane inversion symmetry2–7, exhibit high-quality resonances originating from the intriguing physics of bound states in the continuum. Here, we combine dielectric metasurfaces and hyperspectral imaging to develop an ultrasensitive label-free analytical platform for biosensing. Our technique can acquire spatially resolved spectra from millions of image pixels and use smart data-processing tools to extract high-throughput digital sensing information at the unprecedented level of less than three molecules per μm2. We further show spectral data retrieval from a single image without using spectrometers, enabled by our unique sensor design, paving the way for portable diagnostic applications. This combination of nanophotonics and imaging optics extends the capabilities of dielectric metasurfaces to analyse biological entities and atomic-layer-thick two-dimensional materials over large areas. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1002/cne.23458 | Anatomy of hierarchy: Feedforward and feedback pathways in macaque visual cortex | The laminar location of the cell bodies and terminals of interareal connections determines the hierarchical structural organization of the cortex and has been intensively studied. However, we still have only a rudimentary understanding of the connectional principles of feedforward (FF) and feedback (FB) pathways. Quantitative analysis of retrograde tracers was used to extend the notion that the laminar distribution of neurons interconnecting visual areas provides an index of hierarchical distance (percentage of supragranular labeled neurons [SLN]). We show that: 1) SLN values constrain models of cortical hierarchy, revealing previously unsuspected areal relations; 2) SLN reflects the operation of a combinatorial distance rule acting differentially on sets of connections between areas; 3) Supragranular layers contain highly segregated bottom-up and top-down streams, both of which exhibit point-to-point connectivity. This contrasts with the infragranular layers, which contain diffuse bottom-up and top-down streams; 4) Cell filling of the parent neurons of FF and FB pathways provides further evidence of compartmentalization; 5) FF pathways have higher weights, cross fewer hierarchical levels, and are less numerous than FB pathways. Taken together, the present results suggest that cortical hierarchies are built from supra- and infragranular counterstreams. This compartmentalized dual counterstream organization allows point-to-point connectivity in both bottom-up and top-down directions. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:225-259, 2014. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
] |
10.1063/1.4917204 | Temperature Dependent Modulated Reflectance Of Inas Ingaas Gaas Quantum Dots In A Well Infrared Photodetectors | We present a photoreflectance (PR) study of multi-layer InAs quantum dot (QD) photodetector structures, incorporating InGaAs overgrown layers and positioned asymmetrically within GaAs/AlAs quantum wells (QWs). The influence of the back-surface reflections on the QD PR spectra is explained and a temperature-dependent photomodulation mechanism is discussed. The optical interband transitions originating from the QD/QW ground- and excited-states are revealed and their temperature behaviour in the range of 3–300 K is established. In particular, we estimated the activation energy (∼320 meV) of exciton thermal escape from QD to QW bound-states at high temperatures. Furthermore, from the obtained Varshni parameters, a strain-driven partial decomposition of the InGaAs cap layer is determined. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
W1983525564 | The Southern Agrarians: a case study in intellectualized collection development | Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a case study about how academic librarians can contribute to the interdisciplinary research endeavors of professors and students, especially doctoral candidates, through an intellectualized approach to collection development.Design/methodology/approach – In the wake of protest movements such as the Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street, colleges and universities have begun to develop courses about these events, and it is anticipated that there will be much research conducted about their respective histories. Academic librarians can participate in those research efforts by developing interdisciplinary collections about protest movements and by referring researchers to those collections.Findings – Through a case‐study approach, this paper provides a narrative bibliography about Southern Agrarianism that can help professors and students interested in the Tea Party or Occupy Wall Street movements to see their research endeavors from a new interdisciplinary perspect... | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
10.1016/j.jeem.2013.01.002 | Intertemporal links in cap-and-trade schemes | In a two-period general equilibrium model, I study the effects of intertemporal emission permit trading in a cap-and-trade scheme when firms' investments in abatement have long-term effects. To meet their caps, firms optimally choose levels of trading and investment in each period by equalizing the marginal benefit of abatement to the marginal cost of abatement in each period. The fact that investments have long-term effects introduces new effects: investments in period 1 have both an additional benefit (the reduction of emissions in period 2) and an additional cost (the decrease in abatement opportunities in period 2). This changes the standard condition of equalization of marginal costs across periods for cost-effectiveness. Without intertemporal trading, some investments in period 1 are entirely driven by second-period abatement needs. In that case, allowing intertemporal trading may reduce investment in period 1 as some long-term investments are substituted by intertemporal permit trading. Descriptive evidence from the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) illustrates this potential effect. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1007/jhep02(2020)105 | Algorithms and tools for iterated Eisenstein integrals | Abstract
We present algorithms to work with iterated Eisenstein integrals that have recently appeared in the computation of multi-loop Feynman integrals. These algorithms allow one to analytically continue these integrals to all regions of the parameter space, and to obtain fast converging series representations in each region. We illustrate our approach on the examples of hypergeometric functions that evaluate to iterated Eisenstein integrals as well as the well-known sunrise graph. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
] |
681207 | Groups, Dynamics, and Approximation | Eversince, the study of symmetry in mathematics and mathematical physics has been fundamental
to a thourough understanding of most of the fundamental notions. Group theory in all its forms
is the theory of symmetry and thus an indispensible tool in many of the basic theoretical sciences.
The study of infinite symmetry groups is especially challenging, since most of the tools from the
sophisticated theory of finite groups break down and new global methods of study have to be found.
In that respect, the interaction of group theory and the study of group rings with methods from ring
theory, probability, Riemannian geometry, functional analyis, and the theory of dynamical systems
has been extremely fruitful in a variety of situations. In this proposal, I want to extend this line of
approach and introduce novel approaches to longstanding and fundamental problems.
There are four main interacting themes that I want to pursue:
(i) Groups and their study using ergodic theory of group actions
(ii) Approximation theorems for totally disconnected groups
(iii) Kaplansky’s Direct Finiteness Conjecture and p-adic analysis
(iv) Kervaire-Laudenbach Conjecture and topological methods in combinatorial group theory
The theory of `2-homology and `2-torsion of groups has provided a fruitful context to study global
properties of infinite groups. The relationship of these homological invariants with ergodic theory
of group actions will be part of the content of Part (i). In Part (ii) we seek for generalizations of
`2-methods to a context of locally compact groups and study the asymptotic invariants of sequences
of lattices (or more generally invariant random subgroups). Part (iii) tries to lay the foundation of a padic
analogue of the `2-theory, where we study novel aspects of p-adic functional analysis which help
to clarify the approximation properties of (Z/pZ)-Betti numbers. Finally, in Part (iv), we try to attack
various longstanding combinatorial problems in group theory with tools from algebraic topology and
p-local homotopy theory. | [
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1016/j.jhep.2018.06.022 | The nuclear bile acid receptor FXR is a PKA- and FOXA2-sensitive activator of fasting hepatic gluconeogenesis | Background & Aims: Embedded into a complex signaling network that coordinates glucose uptake, usage and production, the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR is expressed in several glucose-processing organs including the liver. Hepatic gluconeogenesis is controlled through allosteric regulation of gluconeogenic enzymes and by glucagon/cAMP-dependent transcriptional regulatory pathways. We aimed to elucidate the role of FXR in the regulation of fasting hepatic gluconeogenesis. Methods: The role of FXR in hepatic gluconeogenesis was assessed in vivo and in mouse primary hepatocytes. Gene expression patterns in response to glucagon and FXR agonists were characterized by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and microarray analysis. FXR phosphorylation by protein kinase A was determined by mass spectrometry. The interaction of FOXA2 with FXR was identified by cistromic approaches and in vitro protein-protein interaction assays. The functional impact of the crosstalk between FXR, the PKA and FOXA2 signaling pathways was assessed by site-directed mutagenesis, transactivation assays and restoration of FXR expression in FXR-deficient hepatocytes in which gene expression and glucose production were assessed. Results: FXR positively regulates hepatic glucose production through two regulatory arms, the first one involving protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of FXR, which allowed for the synergistic activation of gluconeogenic genes by glucagon, agonist-activated FXR and CREB. The second arm involves the inhibition of FXR's ability to induce the anti-gluconeogenic nuclear receptor SHP by the glucagon-activated FOXA2 transcription factor, which physically interacts with FXR. Additionally, knockdown of Foxa2 did not alter glucagon-induced and FXR agonist enhanced expression of gluconeogenic genes, suggesting that the PKA and FOXA2 pathways regulate distinct subsets of FXR responsive genes. Conclusions: Thus, hepatic glucose production is regulated during physiological fasting by FXR, which integrates the glucagon/cAMP signal and the FOXA2 signal, by being post-translationally modified, and by engaging in protein-protein interactions, respectively. Lay summary: Activation of the nuclear bile acid receptor FXR regulates gene expression networks, controlling lipid, cholesterol and glucose metabolism, which are mostly effective after eating. Whether FXR exerts critical functions during fasting is unknown. The results of this study show that FXR transcriptional activity is regulated by the glucagon/protein kinase A and the FOXA2 signaling pathways, which act on FXR through phosphorylation and protein-protein interactions, respectively, to increase hepatic glucose synthesis. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1007/s00222-017-0746-0 | Equiangular lines and spherical codes in Euclidean space | A family of lines through the origin in Euclidean space is called equiangular if any pair of lines defines the same angle. The problem of estimating the maximum cardinality of such a family in Rn was extensively studied for the last 70 years. Motivated by a question of Lemmens and Seidel from 1973, in this paper we prove that for every fixed angle θ and sufficiently large n there are at most 2 n- 2 lines in Rn with common angle θ. Moreover, this bound is achieved if and only if θ=arccos13. Indeed, we show that for all θ≠arccos13 and and sufficiently large n, the number of equiangular lines is at most 1. 93n. We also show that for any set of k fixed angles, one can find at most O(nk) lines in Rn having these angles. This bound, conjectured by Bukh, substantially improves the estimate of Delsarte, Goethals and Seidel from 1975. Various extensions of these results to the more general setting of spherical codes will be discussed as well. | [
"Mathematics"
] |
GB 9503248 A | Apparatus for needling a nonwoven web | An apparatus for needling a nonwoven web comprises a glider crank mechanism (6), which is pivoted to a rocker (10) and serves to actuate at least one needle board (2) secured to the rocker (10), and a web guide (14) consisting of a web support (4) and a stripper (5). To permit different needling effects the mean inclination of the paths (13a, 13b) on which the needles penetrate the web is adjustable. This may be achieved as shown by making the pivot (11) of the rocker (10) adjustable. In an alternative embodiment the web guide (14) is pivotably adjustable. <IMAGE> | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
] |
10.2337/db12-0949 | Nogo-A downregulation improves insulin secretion in mice | Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by β-cell dysfunction and the subsequent depletion of insulin production, usually in a context of increased peripheral insulin resistance. T2D patients are routinely treated with oral antidiabetic agents such as sulfonylureas or dipeptidyl peptidase-4 antagonists, which promote glucose-and incretin-dependent insulin secretion, respectively. Interestingly, insulin secretion may also be induced by neural stimulation. Here we report the expression of Nogo-A in β-cells. Nogo-A is a membrane protein that inhibits neurite outgrowth and cell migration in the central nervous system. We observed that Nogo-A-deficient mice display improved insulin secretion and glucose clearance. This was associated with a stronger parasympathetic input and higher sensitivity of β-cells to the cholinergic analog carbachol. Insulin secretion was also improved in diabetic db/db mice treated with neutralizing antibody against Nogo-A. Together, these findings suggest that promoting the vagal stimulation of insulin secretion through the selective inhibition of Nogo-A could be a novel therapeutic approach in T2D. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
] |
10.1105/tpc.114.132266 | Identification and mode of inheritance of quantitative trait loci for secondary metabolite abundance in tomato | A large-scale metabolic quantitative trait loci (mQTL) analysis was performed on the well-characterized Solanum pennellii introgression lines to investigate the genomic regions associated with secondary metabolism in tomato fruit pericarp. In total, 679 mQTLs were detected across the 76 introgression lines. Heritability analyses revealed that mQTLs of secondary metabolism were less affected by environment than mQTLs of primary metabolism. Network analysis allowed us to assess the interconnectivity of primary and secondary metabolism as well as to compare and contrast their respective associations with morphological traits. Additionally, we applied a recently established real-time quantitative PCR platform to gain insight into transcriptional control mechanisms of a subset of the mQTLs, including those for hydroxycinnamates, acyl-sugar, naringenin chalcone, and a range of glycoalkaloids. Intriguingly, many of these compounds displayed a dominant-negative mode of inheritance, which is contrary to the conventional wisdom that secondary metabolite contents decreased on domestication. We additionally performed an exemplary evaluation of two candidate genes for glycolalkaloid mQTLs via the use of virus-induced gene silencing. The combined data of this study were compared with previous results on primary metabolism obtained from the same material and to other studies of natural variance of secondary metabolism. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
Q111762 | Execução de atividades de exportação para o mercado vietnamita da Separator Spares Int. Poland Sp. z o.o. | O projeto visa apoiar a expansão da empresa para um novo mercado externo e baseia-se no documento «Estratégia Empresarial Internacional» elaborado por uma empresa de consultoria especializada, que inclui uma análise da área de interesse da empresa, o mercado-alvo indicado para o desenvolvimento e expansão, análise da posição competitiva da empresa, bem como formas recomendadas de implementação da estratégia de exportação. O projeto está previsto para o período compreendido entre 1 de outubro de 2016 e 30 de setembro de 2017. Durante este período, prevê-se obter os certificados necessários para operar em mercados selecionados, preparar e participar em feiras e atividades internacionais no domínio da pesquisa e seleção de parceiros comerciais. As atividades descritas no documento consistem numa estratégia global, coerente e a longo prazo, que, de facto, com grande probabilidade, permitirá adquirir um novo mercado estrangeiro e empreiteiros para os produtos da Separtor Spares. Entre os resultados das atividades de exportação, é mais importante ganhar parceiros de negócios e obter reconhecimento de marca na indústria. A participação em tais projetos permite que você estabeleça relacionamentos-chave com potenciais empreiteiros estrangeiros e exista na conscientização dos clientes. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
10.1007/978-3-662-46675-9_8 | Evaluation Of Measures For Statistical Fault Localisation And An Optimising Scheme | Statistical Fault Localisation (SFL) is a widely used method for localizing faults in software. SFL gathers coverage details of passed and failed executions over a faulty program and then uses a measure to assign a degree of suspiciousness to each of a chosen set of program entities (statements, predicates, etc. ) in that program. The program entities are then inspected by the engineer in descending order of suspiciousness until the bug is found. The effectiveness of this process relies on the quality of the suspiciousness measure. In this paper, we compare 157 measures, 95 of which are new to SFL and borrowed from other branches of science and philosophy. We also present a new measure optimiser Lex g , which optimises a given measure g according to a criterion of single bug optimality. An experimental comparison on benchmarks from the Software-artifact Infrastructure Repository (SIR) indicates that many of the new measures perform competitively with the established ones. Furthermore, the large-scale comparison reveals that the new measures Lex Ochiai and Pattern-Similarity perform best overall. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
] |
W1865945788 | Crustal and uppermost mantle velocity structure along a profile across the Pamir and southern Tien Shan as derived from project TIPAGE wide-angle seismic data | SUMMARY
Utilizing seismic refraction/wide-angle reflection data from 11 approximately in-line earthquakes, 2-D P- and S-velocity models and a Poisson's ratio model of the crust and uppermost mantle beneath the southern Tien Shan and the Pamir have been derived along the 400-km long main profile of the TIPAGE (TIen shan—PAmir GEodynamic program) project. These models show that the crustal thickness varies from about 65.5 km close to the southern end of the profile beneath the South Pamir through about 73.6 km under Lake Karakul in the North Pamir, to about 57.7 km, 50 km south of the northern end of the profile in the southern Tien Shan. Average crustal P velocities are low with respect to the global average, varying from 6.26 to 6.30 km s−1. The average crustal S velocity varies from 3.54 to 3.70 km s−1 along the profile and thus average crustal Poisson's ratio (σ) varies from 0.23 beneath the central Pamir in the south central part of the profile to 0.265 towards the northern end of the profile beneath the southern Tien Shan. The main layer of the upper crust extending from about 2 km below the Earth's surface to 27 km depth below sea level (b.s.l.) has average P velocities of about 6.05–6.1 km s−1, except beneath the south central part of the profile where they decrease to around 5.95 km s−1. This is in contrast to the S velocities which range from 3.4 to 3.6 km s−1 and exhibit the highest values of 3.55–3.6 km s−1 where the P velocity is lowest. Thus, σ for the main layer of the upper crust is 0.26 beneath the profile except beneath the south central part of the profile where it decreases to 0.22. The low value of 0.22 for σ under the central Pamir, the along-strike equivalent of the Qiangtang terrane in Tibet, is similar to that within the corresponding layer beneath the northern Lhasa and southern Qiangtang terranes in central Tibet and is indicative of felsic rocks rich in quartz in the α state. The lower crust below 27 km b.s.l. has P velocities ranging from 6.1 km s−1 at the top to 7.1 km s−1 at the base. Further, σ for this layer is 0.27–0.28 towards the northern end of the profile but is low at about 0.24 beneath the central and southern parts of the profile, which is similar to the situation found in the northeast Tibetan plateau. The low values can be explained by felsic schists and gneisses in the upper part of the lower crust transitioning to granulite-facies and possibly also eclogite-facies metapelites in the lower part. Within the uppermost mantle, the average P velocity is about 8.10–8.15 km s−1 and σ is about 0.26. Assuming an isotropic situation, then a relatively cool (700–800°C) uppermost mantle beneath the profile is indicated. This would in turn indicate an intact mantle lid beneath the profile. An upper mantle reflector dipping from 104 km b.s.l., 120 km from the southern end of the profile to 86 km b.s.l., 155 km from the northern end of the profile has also been identified. The preferred model presented here for the crustal and lithospheric mantle structure beneath the Pamir calls for nearly horizontal underthrusting of relatively cool Indian mantle lithosphere, the leading edge of which is outlined by the Pamir seismic zone. This cool Indian mantle lithosphere is overlain by significantly shortening, warm Asian crust. The Moho trough that is a feature seen beneath some other orogenic belts, for example the Alps and the Urals, beneath the northern Pamir may mark the southern tip of the actively underthrusting Tien Shan crust along the Main Pamir thrust. | [
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1098/rsbl.2019.0742 | Does kin discrimination promote cooperation? | Genetic relatedness is a key driver of the evolution of cooperation. One mechanism that may ensure social partners are genetically related is kin discrimination, in which individuals are able to distinguish kin from non-kin and adjust their behaviour accordingly. However, the impact of kin discrimination upon the overall level of cooperation remains obscure. Specifically, while kin discrimination allows an individual to help more-related social partners over less-related social partners, it is unclear whether and how the population average level of cooperation that is evolutionarily favoured should differ under kin discrimination versus indiscriminate social behaviour. Here, we perform a general mathematical analysis in order to assess whether, when and in which direction kin discrimination changes the average level of cooperation in an evolving population. We find that kin discrimination may increase, decrease or leave unchanged the average level of cooperation, depending upon whether the optimal level of cooperation is a convex, concave or linear function of genetic relatedness. We develop an extension of the classic ‘tragedy of the commons' model of cooperation in order to provide an illustration of these results. Our analysis provides a method to guide future research on the evolutionary consequences of kin discrimination. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1088/1742-5468/aa668b | Energy diffusion in the ergodic phase of a many body localizable spin chain | The phenomenon of many-body localization in disordered quantum many-body systems occurs when all transport is suppressed despite the fact that the excitations of the system interact. In this work we report on the numerical simulation of autonomous quantum dynamics for disordered Heisenberg chains when the system is prepared with an initial inhomogeneity in the energy density profile. Using exact diagonalisation and a dynamical code based on Krylov subspaces we are able to simulate dynamics for up to L = 26 spins. We find, surprisingly, the breakdown of energy diffusion even before the many-body localization transition whilst the system is still in the ergodic phase. Moreover, in the ergodic phase we also find a large region in parameter space where the energy dynamics remains diffusive but where spin transport has been previously evidenced to occur only subdiffusively: this is found to be true for initial states composed of infinitely many hydrodynamic modes (square-wave energy profile) or just the single longest mode (sinusoidal profile). This suggestive finding points towards a peculiar ergodic phase where particles are transported slower than energy, reminiscent of the situation in amorphous solids and of the gapped phase of the anisotropic Heisenberg model. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1109/FMCAD.2009.5351141 | Mixed Abstractions For Floating Point Arithmetic | Floating-point arithmetic is essential for many embedded and safety-critical systems, such as in the avionics industry. Inaccuracies in floating-point calculations can cause subtle changes of the control flow, potentially leading to disastrous errors. In this paper, we present a simple and general, yet powerful framework for building abstractions from formulas, and instantiate this framework to a bit-accurate, sound and complete decision procedure for IEEE-compliant binary floatingpoint arithmetic. Our procedure benefits in practice from its ability to flexibly harness both over- and underapproximations in the abstraction process. We demonstrate the potency of the procedure for the formal analysis of floating-point software. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
222980 | A new tool for creating real-time music within computer games | Computer games are experiencing an incredible fast evolution. With around 2.2 billion gamers across the globe (25% of the European on-line population plays video games) the industry has a constant demand for new technology, essential to maintain players’ interest in a very demanding market. Music, as a crucial part in the computer games creation process, also requires the new videogame era: whereas old computer games were, in general, simple (often just requiring a single melody), current ones are deeply complex, with several plots and levels, and almost infinite potential scenarios. However, current approaches for music composition do not adapt to this non-lineal essence of games but are just based on looping static musical pieces for each game level. This results in repetitive soundtracks, uninteresting for players, and a time-consuming activity for composers, unable to create a soundtrack for every single potential scenario.
Based on the previous success of our CALMUS technology (that facilitates real-time adaptation of music composition to diverse external stimuli), we now present CALMUSgaming. CALMUSgaming is an innovative tool for automatically creating and adapting music within computer games. Instead of the soundscape being perpetually repeated, it enables a constant and real-time adaptation of the background music, according to how game progresses and to the player's performance and actions. On the one hand, CALMUSgaming facilitates music composition for computer games: it automatically generates complex and dynamic themes saving up to 90% of composition time. On the other hand, it enriches players’ experience, as it changes constantly as the game progresses. ErkiTónlist is an Icelandic SME focused on promoting creative endeavours in music. Grown over the achievements of our CALMUS technology, and out of our collaboration with CCP Games (one of the on-line games leaders worldwide) we have now found a great opportunity to enter the computer games industry. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
W2320064734 | Examining the Relationship Between Schizotypy and Self-Reported Visual Imagery Vividness in Grapheme-Color Synaesthesia | Synaesthesia is a condition in which one property of a stimulus triggers a secondary experience not typically associated with the first (e.g., seeing achromatic graphemes can evoke the perception of color). Recent work has explored a variety of cognitive and perceptual traits associated with synaesthesia. One example is in the domain of personality, where higher rates of positive schizotypy and openness to experience and lower agreeableness have been reported in synaesthetes who experience color as their evoked sensation relative to typical adult controls. Additionally, grapheme-color synaesthetes have previously been reported to show elevated mental imagery compared to typical adults. Here, we aimed to further elucidate the relationship between personality, synaesthesia, and other cognitive traits. In Study 1, we examined self-reported schizotypy and self-reported visual imagery vividness in grapheme-color synaesthetes and typical adults. Our results partially replicated previous findings by showing that synaesthesia was associated with greater positive schizotypy and enhanced self-reported imagery vividness. The results also extend previous reports by demonstrating that differences in positive schizotypy and mental imagery vividness are not related in grapheme-color synaesthesia. In Study 2, we sought to build on prior work showing lower agreeableness and increased openness to experience in synaesthetes by examining whether grapheme-color synaesthesia is associated with other conceptually related traits; namely lower self-monitoring and increased sensation seeking. We did not find any differences between synaesthetes and controls on either of these traits. These findings are discussed in relation to potential factors that may contribute to the observed personality profile in grapheme-color synaesthesia. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
] |
224476 | Dialogue and argumentation for cultural literacy learning in schools | DIALLS is a three year project with three objectives. First, it will develop an understanding of young people’s cultural literacy in formal education through the teaching of dialogue and argumentation as a means to understand European identities and cultures. This will be achieved by the creation and implementation of a cultural literacy learning programme where students respond to and produce multimodal texts reflecting European heritages with the promotion of tolerance, inclusion and empathy as core cultural literacy dispositions. Second, the project will provide comprehensive guidance for the development of cultural literacy in schools through the creation and evaluation of a scale of progression for cultural literacy learning as manifested in students’ interactions and produced artefacts. Finally, DIALLS will promote the emergence of young people’s cultural identities in a student-authored manifesto for cultural literacy and a virtual gallery of their cultural artefacts. We will conduct analyses of students’ class-based and online interactions, mapping the development of dialogue and argumentation skills to create an open access multilingual data corpus. Cross-comparative analyses of classrooms in seven countries will include analysis of gender, age, ethnicity and socio-economic factors. DIALLS is directly relevant to the call’s work programme as it addresses the role of formal education in supporting the acquisition of the knowledge, skills and competences needed for effective intercultural dialogue and mutual understanding. The novelty of our proposal lies in the intersection of cultural literacy, multimodality, dialogue and argumentation, and through the use of face-to-face and online learning environments where students can share their perspectives as they make sense of Europe and its different cultures. Our innovative teaching and assessment tools will guide teachers in their development of a dialogic pedagogy for cultural literacy in tomorrow’s Europe. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Texts and Concepts"
] |
DE 9600897 W | METHOD OF PRODUCING HOLLOW FIBRE POLYMER MEMBRANES | The invention concerns a method of producing hollow fibre polymer membranes in which a polymer is guided through an extruder in order to form the hollow fibre membranes. Before entering a melt-forming extrusion tool of the extruder, the polymer is charged under pressure with gas. As a result of a predetermined pressure drop occurring as the polymer leaves the extruder and of the accompanying expansion of the gas in the polymer, a porous hollow fibre membrane is formed. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
] |
10.1007/978-3-662-53641-4_2 | Fast Pseudorandom Functions Based On Expander Graphs | We present direct constructions of pseudorandom function PRF families based on Goldreich's one-way function. Roughly speaking, we assume that non-trivial local mappings $$f:\{0,1\}^n\rightarrow \{0,1\}^m$$ f:{0,1}ni¾? {0,1}m whose input-output dependencies graph form an expander are hard to invert. We show that this one-wayness assumption yields PRFs with relatively low complexity. This includes weak PRFs which can be computed in linear time of On on a RAM machine with $$O\log n$$ Ologn word size, or by a depth-3 circuit with unbounded fan-in AND and OR gates AC0 circuit, and standard PRFs that can be computed by a quasilinear size circuit or by a constant-depth circuit with unbounded fan-in AND, OR and Majority gates TC0. Our proofs are based on a new search-to-decision reduction for expander-based functions. This extends a previous reduction of the first author STOC 2012 which was applicable for the special case of random local functions. Additionally, we present a new family of highly efficient hash functions whose output on exponentially many inputs jointly forms with high probability a good expander graph. These hash functions are based on the techniques of Miles and Viola Crypto 2012. Although some of our reductions provide only relatively weak security guarantees, we believe that they yield novel approach for constructing PRFs, and therefore enrich the study of pseudorandomness. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1007/s00220-017-2846-5 | Existence and Non-uniqueness of Global Weak Solutions to Inviscid Primitive and Boussinesq Equations | We consider the initial value problem for the inviscid Primitive and Boussinesq equations in three spatial dimensions. We recast both systems as an abstract Euler-type system and apply the methods of convex integration of De Lellis and Székelyhidi to show the existence of infinitely many global weak solutions of the studied equations for general initial data. We also introduce an appropriate notion of dissipative solutions and show the existence of suitable initial data which generate infinitely many dissipative solutions. | [
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1093/nar/gkz1078 | A heterodimer of evolved designer-recombinases precisely excises a human genomic DNA locus | Site-specific recombinases (SSRs) such as the Cre/loxP system are useful genome engineering tools that can be repurposed by altering their DNA-binding specificity. However, SSRs that delete a natural sequence from the human genome have not been reported thus far. Here, we describe the generation of an SSR system that precisely excises a 1. 4 kb fragment from the human genome. Through a streamlined process of substrate-linked directed evolution we generated two separate recombinases that, when expressed together, act as a heterodimer to delete a human genomic sequence from chromosome 7. Our data indicates that designer-recombinases can be generated in a manageable timeframe for precision genome editing. A large-scale bioinformatics analysis suggests that around 13% of all human protein-coding genes could be targetable by dual designer-recombinase induced genomic deletion (dDRiGD). We propose that heterospecific designer-recombinases, which work independently of the host DNA repair machinery, represent an efficient and safe alternative to nuclease-based genome editing technologies. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
] |
EP 99306756 A | Information retrieval system with a search assist server | An information retrieval system which can search for requested information by an easy operation. Together with a plurality of information servers, a search assisting server having list data constructed by a list of identifiers to access each of the information servers is connected to an information network. In response to a designation of a requested item by an information retrieval terminal, the identifier corresponding to the requested item is searched for from the list data held in the search assisting server. An access to the information network is made by the searched identifier, thereby obtaining the requested information page. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
] |
10.1051/0004-6361/201424718 | First Detection Of Cf Towards A High Mass Protostar | We report the first detection of the J = 1 - 0 (102. 6 GHz) rotational lines of CF+ (fluoromethylidynium ion) towards CygX-N63, a young and massive protostar of the Cygnus X region. This detection occurred as part of an unbiased spectral survey of this object in the 0. 8-3 mm range, performed with the IRAM 30m telescope. The data were analyzed using a local thermodynamical equilibrium model (LTE model) and a population diagram in order to derive the column density. The line velocity (-4 km s-1) and line width (1. 6 km s-1) indicate an origin from the collapsing envelope of the protostar. We obtain a CF+ column density of 4. 10e11 cm-2. The CF+ ion is thought to be a good tracer for C+ and assuming a ratio of 10e-6 for CF+/C+, we derive a total number of C+ of 1. 2x10e53 within the beam. There is no evidence of carbon ionization caused by an exterior source of UV photons suggesting that the protostar itself is the source of ionization. Ionization from the protostellar photosphere is not efficient enough. In contrast, X-ray ionization from the accretion shock(s) and UV ionization from outflow shocks could provide a large enough ionizing power to explain our CF+ detection. Surprisingly, CF+ has been detected towards a cold, massive protostar with no sign of an external photon dissociation region (PDR), which means that the only possibility is the existence of a significant inner source of C+. This is an important result that opens interesting perspectives to study the early development of ionized regions and to approach the issue of the evolution of the inner regions of collapsing envelopes of massive protostars. The existence of high energy radiations early in the evolution of massive protostars also has important implications for chemical evolution of dense collapsing gas and could trigger peculiar chemistry and early formation of a hot core. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
] |
interreg_414 | Boost Environmental Guardianship for Inclusion | BEGIN will define models for creation and management of social start-ups finalized to the inclusion of disadvantaged people. Marginalized groups – e.g. unemployed, women, young people, immigrants, disabled, ex-convicts, former drug addicts - are counting significant percentage in every partner country._x000D_
_x000D_
Innovative feature and main objective of Begin is the creation of tools to encourage the creation and development of social start-ups active in safeguarding of environmental protection for social work inclusion and employment of disadvantaged people, which then contribute to improvement of territories both for use citizens and tourists._x000D_
_x000D_
BEGIN will transfer know-how from more innovative and experienced regions to those lagging behind creating an innovative model that can be transferred also to other regions not involved in the project._x000D_
_x000D_
Main common challenge tackled regards environmental protection, also to promote tourism development. This challenge is faced through joint analyse of territorial frameworks to identify work activities at the base of social start-ups models and business models that are involving specifically marginalized groups._x000D_
_x000D_
Non-profit and third sector organizations are an efficient tool for environmental protection, but are not very developed and structured in project countries, except for Italy. Hence, the project will capitalise results of research conducted in Italy by providing specific know-how._x000D_
_x000D_
Direct project beneficiaries of milestones, outputs and deliverables will be the FACILITATORS OF SOCIAL START-UPS._x000D_
_x000D_
Indirect beneficiaries will be potential social start-uppers, people with disadvantage employment, employees of social start-ups, research and innovation centres, training centres and employment agencies, as well as legal and relevant public authorities in every country._x000D_
_x000D_
They also will lay the foundation for the creation of an INTERNATIONAL FACILITATORS NETWORK._x000D_
_x000D_
This represent the main project output together with a TRANSNATIONAL STRATEGY FOR SUPPORTING SOCIAL START-UPS which will be built on the 10 local-regional strategies which will be realised in project regions._x000D_
_x000D_
Besides main outputs, BEGIN expects additional project milestones being the elaboration of BUSINESS MODELS for the Management and Creation of SOCIAL START-UPS as well as LEARNING PROCESSES for the dissemination of business models. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
] |
185107 | Consequences of out-group conflict | The aim of this project is to determine the proximate and ultimate consequences of a fundamental but neglected aspect of sociality: out-group conflict. In a wide range of social species, from ants to humans, group members invest considerable defensive effort against individual intruders and rival groups. The lasting impacts of these conflicts with conspecifics are poorly understood. I will integrate empirical and theoretical approaches to uncover the effect of out-group conflict on: (i) individual behaviour, within-group interactions and group decision-making; (ii) steroid hormones that underlie stress, social behaviour and reproduction; (iii) variation in reproductive success arising from maternal investment and offspring care; and (iv) the evolution of societal structure, cooperation and punishment among group-mates, and weaponry and fortification. I will achieve these ambitious objectives using proven experimental paradigms, innovative non-invasive sampling, long-term monitoring, and state-of-the-art analytical methods to collect data from two highly tractable model systems that I have established over the last 4 years: a captive-breeding population of the cichlid fish Neolamprologus pulcher and a habituated wild population of dwarf mongooses (Helogale parvula). I will use some of the same data to inform the assumptions of mathematical models and evolutionary simulations in the development of a rigorous, predictive framework on out-group conflict, which I will test using both my model systems and phylogenetically controlled meta-analyses across species. The management and consequences of conflict are of major importance to science, human society and global politics. My novel and inter-disciplinary proposal will not only significantly advance our understanding of the evolution of sociality, but will invigorate a variety of existing research programmes across biology, anthropology, economics, psychology, and the social and political sciences. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
] |
10.1097/QCO.0000000000000417 | Epidemiology Of Community Acquired Bacterial Meningitis | Purpose of reviewThe epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has been dynamic in the past 30 years following introduction of conjugated vaccines against Haemophilus influenzae type B, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis. The purpose of this review is to describe recent developments in b | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
] |
10.1093/mnras/stz2192 | IMF radial gradients in most massive early-type galaxies | ABSTRACT
Using new long-slit spectroscopy obtained with X-Shooter at ESO-VLT, we study, for the first time, radial gradients of optical and near-infrared initial mass function (IMF)-sensitive features in a representative sample of galaxies at the very high mass end of the galaxy population. The sample consists of seven early-type galaxies (ETGs) at z ∼ 0. 05, with central velocity dispersion in the range 300 ≲ σ ≲ 350 km s−1. Using state-of-the-art stellar population synthesis models, we fit a number of spectral indices, from different chemical species (including TiO and Na indices), to constrain the IMF slope (i. e. the fraction of low-mass stars), as a function of galactocentric distance, over a radial range out to ∼4 kpc. ETGs in our sample show a significant correlation of IMF slope and surface mass density. The bottom-heavy population (i. e. an excess of low-mass stars in the IMF) is confined to central galaxy regions with surface mass density above $\rm \sim 10^{10}\, M_\odot \, kpc^{-2}$, or, alternatively, within a characteristic radius of ∼2 kpc. Radial distance, in physical units, and surface mass density are the best correlators to IMF variations, with respect to other dynamical (e. g. velocity dispersion) and stellar population (e. g. metallicity) properties. Our results for the most massive galaxies suggest that there is no single parameter that fully explains variations in the stellar IMF, but IMF radial profiles at z ∼ 0 rather result from the complex formation and mass accretion history of galaxy inner and outer regions. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
] |
10.1215/00294527-2018-0002 | Set Mappings On 4 Tuples | In this article, we study set mappings on 4-tuples. We continue a previous work of Komjath and Shelah by getting new finite bounds on the size of free sets in a generic extension. This is obtained by an entirely different forcing construction. Moreover, we prove a ZFC result for set mappings on 4-tuples. Also, as another application of our forcing construction, we give a consistency result for set mappings on triples. | [
"Mathematics"
] |
10.1038/nature11900 | The sarcolipin-bound calcium pump stabilizes calcium sites exposed to the cytoplasm | The contraction and relaxation of muscle cells is controlled by the successive rise and fall of cytosolic Ca2+, initiated by the release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and terminated by re-sequestration of Ca2+ into the sarcoplasmic reticulum as the main mechanism of Ca2+ removal. Re-sequestration requires active transport and is catalysed by the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA), which has a key role in defining the contractile properties of skeletal and heart muscle tissue. The activity of SERCA is regulated by two small, homologous membrane proteins called phospholamban (PLB, also known as PLN) and sarcolipin (SLN). Detailed structural information explaining this regulatory mechanism has been lacking, and the structural features defining the pathway through which cytoplasmic Ca2+ enters the intramembranous binding sites of SERCA have remained unknown. Here we report the crystal structure of rabbit SERCA1a (also known as ATP2A1) in complex with SLN at 3. 1 Å resolution. The regulatory SLN traps the Ca2+-ATPase in a previously undescribed E1 state, with exposure of the Ca2+ sites through an open cytoplasmic pathway stabilized by Mg2+. The structure suggests a mechanism for selective Ca2+ loading and activation of SERCA, and provides new insight into how SLN and PLB inhibition arises from stabilization of this E1 intermediate state without bound Ca2+. These findings may prove useful in studying how autoinhibitory domains of other ion pumps modulate transport across biological membranes. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
] |
175489 | Knowledge, assessment, and management for aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services across eu policies (aquacross) | AQUACROSS aims to support EU efforts to enhance the resilience and stop the loss of biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems as well as to ensure the ongoing and future provision of aquatic ecosystem services. It focuses on advancing the knowledge base and application of the ecosystem-based management concept for aquatic ecosystems by developing cost effective measures and integrated management practices. AQUACROSS considers the EU policy framework (i.e. goals, concepts, time frames) for aquatic ecosystems and builds on knowledge stemming from different sources (i.e. WISE, BISE, Member State reporting, modelling) to develop innovative management tools, concepts, and business models (i.e. indicators, maps, ecosystem assessments, participatory approaches, mechanisms for promoting the delivery of ecosystem services) for aquatic ecosystems at various scales. It thereby provides an unprecedented effort to unify policy concepts, knowledge, and management concepts of freshwater, coastal, and marine ecosystems to support the cost-effective achievement of the targets set out by the EU 2020 Biodiversity Strategy. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
] |
10.1371/journal.pbio.3000500 | Mechanical stiffness of reconstituted actin patches correlates tightly with endocytosis efficiency | Clathrin-mediated endocytosis involves the sequential assembly of more than 60 proteins at the plasma membrane. An important fraction of these proteins regulates the assembly of an actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3)-branched actin network, which is essential to generate the force during membrane invagination. We performed, on wild-type (WT) yeast and mutant strains lacking putative actin crosslinkers, a side-by-side comparison of in vivo endocytic phenotypes and in vitro rigidity measurements of reconstituted actin patches. We found a clear correlation between softer actin networks and a decreased efficiency of endocytosis. Our observations support a chain-of-consequences model in which loss of actin crosslinking softens Arp2/3-branched actin networks, directly limiting the transmission of the force. Additionally, the lifetime of failed endocytic patches increases, leading to a larger number of patches and a reduced pool of polymerizable actin, which slows down actin assembly and further impairs endocytosis. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
] |
10.1063/1.4975817 | Nonadiabatic Laser Induced Alignment Of Molecules Reconstructing Θ Directly From Θ 2D By Fourier Analysis | We present an efficient, noise-robust method based on Fourier analysis for reconstructing the three-dimensional measure of the alignment degree, ⟨cos2θ⟩, directly from its two-dimensional counterpart, ⟨cos2θ2D⟩. The method applies to nonadiabatic alignment of linear molecules induced by a linearly polarized, nonresonant laser pulse. Our theoretical analysis shows that the Fourier transform of the time-dependent ⟨cos2θ2D⟩ trace over one molecular rotational period contains additional frequency components compared to the Fourier transform of ⟨cos2θ⟩. These additional frequency components can be identified and removed from the Fourier spectrum of ⟨cos2θ2D⟩. By rescaling of the remaining frequency components, the Fourier spectrum of ⟨cos2θ⟩ is obtained and, finally, ⟨cos2θ⟩ is reconstructed through inverse Fourier transformation. The method allows the reconstruction of the ⟨cos2θ⟩ trace from a measured ⟨cos2θ2D⟩ trace, which is the typical observable of many experiments, and thereby provides direct comparison to calculated ⟨cos2θ⟩ traces, which is the commonly used alignment metric in theoretical descriptions. We illustrate our method by applying it to the measurement of nonadiabatic alignment of I2 molecules. In addition, we present an efficient algorithm for calculating the matrix elements of cos2θ2D and any other observable in the symmetric top basis. These matrix elements are required in the rescaling step, and they allow for highly efficient numerical calculation of ⟨cos2θ2D⟩ and ⟨cos2θ⟩ in general. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
] |
End of preview. Expand
in Data Studio
ERC Panel Classification Dataset
Dataset Overview
The ERC Panel Classification Dataset is designed to fine-tune a multi-label classifier to predict one or more ERC (European Research Council) panels based on research paper titles and abstracts. The dataset consists of three splits: train, test-panels, and test-humans.
- train: The training set was generated through pseudolabeling using outputs from three different large language models (LLMs). The dataset contains multi-label panel assignments based on the content of each paper's title and abstract.
- test-panels: The test set comprises ERC projects with only a single panel assigned to each document. The dataset was sampled so that around 100 examples of each panel assignment are included.
- test-humans: This set was created using Argilla. For cases in the training set where there was disagreement between the two LLMs, three human annotators reviewed the documents. When two annotators could not agree on the panel(s), a third annotator, who had not seen the document, was consulted, and the final label was assigned based on majority agreement among the annotators.
Use Case
This dataset is specifically created for fine-tuning a multi-label classifier to predict ERC panel(s). The training data uses a multi-label classification setup, while the test data has two parts:
- test-panels: Single-label evaluation, where agreement is reached if any of the labels from the training data matches the assigned ERC panel.
- test-humans: Multi-label evaluation, based on human annotations and majority agreement between annotators.
Dataset Structure
The dataset contains the following fields:
- id: A unique identifier for the document.
- title: The title of the research paper.
- abstract: The abstract of the research paper.
- label: The assigned panel(s) for the paper. For train, this is a multi-label list (i.e., a list of panels assigned to the document). For test-panels, the label is a single panel per document. For test-humans, the label contains multiple panels as assigned by human annotators.
Dataset Splits
The dataset is divided into three splits:
- train: The training data, generated using pseudolabeling from three different LLMs.
- test-panels: The test set consisting of ERC projects with single panel assignments.
- test-humans: The test set consisting of papers reviewed by human annotators when there was disagreement between LLMs in the training set.
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