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2723543 | Advanced manufacturing solutions tightly aligned with business needs | The AVANGARD project addresses the integration of three novel processing units into an existing Microfactory test bed conceived to produce urban electric vehicles. The units are state of-the-art multipurpose and multifunctional demonstrators on their own, specifically:
Robotized integration of laser cutting-shaping-welding for 3D components
Supersonic deposition of metallic powders for high speed 3D printing
Large volume and high-speed 3D polymeric printing
The operation of the AVANGARD pilot will be demonstrated manufacturing I-Bikes, I-CARS and innovative battery packs.
The proposed innovations target urban mobility where we are entering an era of rapid transformation and disruption which are also challenging traditional paradigms on manufacturing and business models characterized by an unprecedented speed, scale and scope of technological change.
The project will prepare the environment for novel forms of collaborative distributed manufacturing amongst different EU regions. Innovative value chains will be pursued to overcome the scale (giga) and speed being established in planned economies (China) with market development controlled by the governments attitudes, targets and policy tools.
To manage the IPRs and the supply chain, AVANGARD will implement a hybrid public-private Blockchain platform where the public chain increases security through distributed consensus and validation and the private sidechain increases speed while keeping sensible data stored in the facilities of partners. The platform will allow auditability of sources, traceability, verification of sources, still with private control of documentation and compliance to data retention policies.
The theme of Blockchain-powered manufacturing is relatively new. AVANGARD will address it with Ideas Forward PC, an SME that runs specialized BC tech commercialization projects. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2942423198 | Point mass dynamics on spherical hypersurfaces | The equations of motion are derived for a system of point masses on the (hyper)surface <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">S</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> of a sphere embedded in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> for any dimension n > 1. Owing to the symmetry of the surface, the equations take a particularly simple form when using the Cartesian coordinates of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:msup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>+</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:msup> </mml:math> . The constraint that the distance of the j th mass ∥ r j ∥ from the origin remains constant (i.e. each mass remains on the surface) is automatically satisfied by the equations of motion. Moreover, the equations are a Hamiltonian system with a conserved energy as well as a host of conserved angular momenta. Several examples are illustrated in dimensions n = 2 (the sphere) and n = 3 (the glome). This article is part of the theme issue ‘Topological and geometrical aspects of mass and vortex dynamics’. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.crma.2014.07.001 | Perimeter of sets and BMO-type norms | The aim of this note is to announce some recent results showing that an isotropic variant of the BMO-type norm introduced in [3] can be related via a precise formula to the perimeter of sets. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1088/1367-2630/17/8/083005 | The Renormalization Group Via Statistical Inference | In physics, one attempts to infer the rules governing a system given only the results of imperfect measurements. Hence, microscopic theories may be effectively indistinguishable experimentally. We develop an operationally motivated procedure to identify the corresponding equivalence classes of states, and argue that the renormalization group (RG) arises from the inherent ambiguities associated with the classes: one encounters flow parameters as, e. g. , a regulator, a scale, or a measure of precision, which specify representatives in a given equivalence class. This provides a unifying framework and reveals the role played by information in renormalization. We validate this idea by showing that it justifies the use of low-momenta n-point functions as statistically relevant observables around a Gaussian hypothesis. These results enable the calculation of distinguishability in quantum field theory. Our methods also provide a way to extend renormalization techniques to effective models which are not based on the usual quantum-field formalism, and elucidates the relationships between various type of RG. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1002/cphc.200901008 | Light-induced activation of bacterial phytochrome Agp1 monitored by static and time-resolved FTIR spectroscopy | Phytochromes, which regulate many biological processes in plants, bacteria, and fungi, can exist in two stable states, Pr and Pfr, that can be interconverted by light, via a number of intermediates such as meta-Rc. Herein we employ FTIR spectroscopy to study the Pr-to-Pfr conversion of the bacteriophy-tochrome Agp1 from Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Static FTIR Pfr/Pr and meta-Rc/Pr difference spectra are disentangled in terms of cofactor and protein structural changes. Guided by DFT calculations on cofactor models, the chromophore conformational changes can be grouped into structural adjustments of the cofactor-protein interactions localized in the C-D dipyrrole moiety, that is, the photoisomerisation site, and in the A-B dipyrrole moiety including the protein attachment site. Whereas changes at the C and D rings appear to be largely completed in the meta-Rc state, the structural changes in the A-B unit occur during the transition from meta-Rc to Pfr, concomitant with the main protein structural changes, as demonstrated by static and time-resolved FTIR difference spectroscopy. We employ this technique to monitor, for the first time, the dynamics of the photocycle of phytochrome on the millisecond timescale. By extending the studies to genetically engineered protein variants of Agp1, we further demonstrate that H250 and D197 as well as the PHY domain are essential for forma-tion of the Pfr state. Based on the IR spectroscopic and avail-able crystallographic data we discuss the role of critical amino acid residues for the protein-cofactor interactions during the photoinduced reaction cycle. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
Q2698059 | Cofinanziamento per il mantenimento di SARDO sp. z o.o. | A causa della pandemia di coronavirus e delle restrizioni imposte dal governo in materia di COVID-19, il nostro fatturato è diminuito in modo significativo. Per circa 2 mesi, è stato possibile trascorrere solo pasti per asporto o con consegna, tuttavia, la nostra attività si concentra principalmente sul servizio clienti stazionario, il che è stato impossibile per il periodo di cui sopra. Inoltre, abbiamo perso molti clienti che per paura del virus hanno rinunciato all'ordinazione dei piatti nel nostro ristorante. Dopo la parziale revoca delle restrizioni, continuiamo a sperimentare una diminuzione del numero di clienti, che influisce negativamente sui nostri ricavi. Inoltre, dobbiamo operare in un nuovo regime sanitario, che genera anche notevoli costi. L'aumento dei costi e la riduzione dei ricavi non influiscono positivamente sulla nostra liquidità. L'attuazione del progetto contribuirà a mantenere la liquidità finanziaria, a mantenere l'occupazione e a rimanere sul mercato. Speriamo che nel corso del tempo i clienti inizieranno nuovamente a guadagnare fiducia nella nostra azienda, il che si tradurrà in un aumento delle entrate e in futuro potrebbe aumentare l'occupazione nella nostra azienda. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1080/09505431.2013.776365 | Soil And Worm On Eating As Relating | Earthworms and soil combine in an ecotoxicological experiment in the Vrije Universiteit in Amsterdam. To determine the effects of a toxic compound produced by genetically modified broccoli, ecotoxicologists use the earthworm in a standardized test to understand the conditions of the soil. In the experiment a variety of elements are brought together and associated in a stable network, but the worm and the soil do not only associate; rather, the worm emerges entangled in different kinds of relations with the soil, both as bioindicator and as bioturbator. Eating provides a good tool to analyze these relations: keeping close to the tangible materialities of the lab practices, eating highlights the complex, asymmetrical relationality of worm and soil. This pushes the understanding of association that circulates in social theory, bringing back its original critical stance towards given notions of liberal, autonomous agents with renewed empirical strength. Thus eating not only frames worms that emerge from the p. . . | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1182/hematology.2019000045 | Inflammatory bone marrow microenvironment | Self-renewing hematopoietic stem cells and their progeny, lineage-specific downstream progenitors, maintain steady-state hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM). Accumulating evidence over the last few years indicates that not only primitive hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs), but also cells defining the microenvironment of the BM (BM niche), sense hematopoietic stress signals. They respond by directing and orchestrating hematopoiesis via not only cell-intrinsic but also cell-extrinsic mechanisms. Inflammation has many beneficial roles by activating the immune system in tissue repair and as a defense mechanism. However, chronic inflammation can have detrimental effects by stressing HSPCs, leading to cell (DNA) damage resulting in BM failure or even to leukemia. Emerging data have demonstrated that the BM microenvironment plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of hematopoietic malignancies, in particular, through disrupted inflammatory signaling, specifically in niche (microenvironmental) cells. Clonal selection in the context of microenvironmental alterations can occur in the context of toxic insults (eg, chemotherapy), not only aging but also inflammation. In this review, we summarize mechanisms that lead to an inflammatory BM microenvironment and discuss how this affects normal hematopoiesis. We pay particular attention to the process of aging, which is known to involve low-grade inflammation and is also associated with age-related clonal hematopoiesis and potentially malignant transformation. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1039/C4CC00993B | Stereospecific Conversion Of Alcohols Into Pinacol Boronic Esters Using Lithiation Borylation Methodology With Pinacolborane | The synthesis of primary and secondary pinacol boronic esters via lithiation–borylation of carbamates and benzoates with pinacolborane is described. This new protocol enables the highly selective synthesis of enantioenriched and geometrically defined boronic esters that cannot otherwise be accessed by alternative methodologies. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1126/science.1225624 | Synthetic lipid membrane channels formed by designed DNA nanostructures | We created nanometer-scale transmembrane channels in lipid bilayers by means of self-assembled DNA-based nanostructures. Scaffolded DNA origami was used to create a stem that penetrated and spanned a lipid membrane, as well as a barrel-shaped cap that adhered to the membrane, in part via 26 cholesterol moieties. In single-channel electrophysiological measurements, we found similarities to the response of natural ion channels, such as conductances on the order of 1 nanosiemens and channel gating. More pronounced gating was seen for mutations in which a single DNA strand of the stem protruded into the channel. Single-molecule translocation experiments show that the synthetic channels can be used to discriminate single DNA molecules. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/802/2/117 | Revisiting Spitzer Transit Observations With Independent Component Analysis New Results For The Gj 436 System | We analyzed four Spitzer/IRAC observations at 3. 6 and 4. 5 μm of the primary transit of the exoplanet GJ 436b, by using blind source separation techniques. These observations are important for investigating the atmospheric composition of the planet GJ 436b. Previous analyses claimed strong inter-epoch variations of the transit parameters due to stellar variability, casting doubts on the possibility of conclusively extracting an atmospheric signal. Those analyses also reported discrepant results, hence the necessity of this reanalysis. The method we used has been proposed in Morello et al. to analyze 3. 6 μm transit light curves of the hot Jupiter HD 189733b. It performes an Independent Component Analysis on a set of pixel light curves, i. e. , time series read by individual pixels, from the same photometric observation. Our method only assumes the independence of instrumental and astrophysical signals, and therefore guarantees a higher degree of objectivity compared to parametric detrending techniques published in the literature. The data sets we analyzed in this paper represent a more challenging test than the previous ones. Contrary to previous results reported in the literature, our results (1) do not support any detectable inter-epoch variations of orbital and stellar parameters, (2) are photometrically stable at the level ~10−4 in the IR, and (3) the transit depth measurements at the two wavelengths are consistent within 1σ. We also (4) detect a possible transit duration variation of ~80 s (2σ significance level) that has not been pointed out in the literature, and (5) confirm no transit timing variations gsim30 s. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.5194/cp-12-1933-2016 | How warm was Greenland during the last interglacial period? | The last interglacial period (LIG, ∼ 129-116 thousand years ago) provides the most recent case study of multimillennial polar warming above the preindustrial level and a response of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to this warming, as well as a test bed for climate and ice sheet models. Past changes in Greenland ice sheet thickness and surface temperature during this period were recently derived from the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core records, northwest Greenland. The NEEM paradox has emerged from an estimated large local warming above the preindustrial level (7. 5 ± 1. 8 °C at the deposition site 126 kyr ago without correction for any overall ice sheet altitude changes between the LIG and the preindustrial period) based on water isotopes, together with limited local ice thinning, suggesting more resilience of the real Greenland ice sheet than shown in some ice sheet models. Here, we provide an independent assessment of the average LIG Greenland surface warming using ice core air isotopic composition (δ15N) and relationships between accumulation rate and temperature. The LIG surface temperature at the upstream NEEM deposition site without ice sheet altitude correction is estimated to be warmer by +8. 5 ± 2. 5 °C compared to the preindustrial period. This temperature estimate is consistent with the 7. 5 ± 1. 8 °C warming initially determined from NEEM water isotopes but at the upper end of the preindustrial period to LIG temperature difference of +5. 2 ± 2. 3 °C obtained at the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) site by the same method. Climate simulations performed with present-day ice sheet topography lead in general to a warming smaller than reconstructed, but sensitivity tests show that larger amplitudes (up to 5 °C) are produced in response to prescribed changes in sea ice extent and ice sheet topography. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
EP 88401065 A | Method and device for washing laundry in a machine. | The process involves introducing into the machine a metering and diffusing device containing a quantity of particulate detergent corresponding substantially to one wash. This device is of the type comprising a body (2) and a cap (3) having holes (6). The particular feature of the device is the presence of a plate (7) having a hole (8) allowing the water to have access to the interior of the device, but preventing the massive and uncontrolled escape of the particulate detergent. The latter is thus predissolved, before being progressively released into the medium containing the laundry during the washing operation. <IMAGE> | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/1462-2920.13052 | The Rna Chaperone Hfq Enables The Environmental Stress Tolerance Super Phenotype Of Pseudomonas Putida | Summary
The natural physiological regime of the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida involves incessant exposure to endogenous metabolic conflicts and environmental physicochemical insults. Yet, the role of assisted small RNA–mRNA pairing in the stress tolerance super-phenotype that is the trademark of this bacterium has not been accredited. We have thoroughly explored the physiological consequences –in particular those related to exogenous stress – of deleting the hfq gene of P. putida, which encodes the major RNA chaperone that promotes sRNA–target mRNA interactions. While the overall trend was a general weakening of every robustness descriptor of the Δhfq strain, growth parameters and production of central metabolic enzymes were comparatively less affected than other qualities that depend directly on energy status (e. g. motility, DNA repair). The overall catalytic vigour of the mutant decreased to < 20% than the wild-type strain, as estimated from the specific growth rate of cells carrying the catabolic TOL plasmid pWW0 for m-xylene biodegradation. Several loss-of-function phenotypes could be traced to the effect of the Δhfq deletion on the intracellular contents of the stationary sigma factor RpoS. It thus seems that Hfq, while not indispensable for any essential function, contributes to shape the environmental lifestyle of P. putida. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201014777 | Plaskett S Star Analysis Of The Corot Photometric Data | The SRa02 of the CoRoT space mission for Asteroseismology was partly devoted to stars belonging to the Mon OB2 association. An intense monitoring was performed on Plaskett's Star (HD47129) and the unprecedented quality of the light curve allows us to shed new light on this very massive, non-eclipsing binary system. We particularly aimed at detecting periodic variability which might be associated with pulsations or interactions between both components. We also searched for variations related to the orbital cycle which could help to constrain the inclination and the morphology of the binary system. A Fourier-based prewhitening and a multiperiodic fitting procedure were applied to analyse the time series and extract the frequencies of variations. We describe the noise properties to tentatively define an appropriate significance criterion, to only point out the peaks at a certain significance level. We also detect the variations related to the orbital motion and study them by using the NIGHTFALL program. The periodogram exhibits a majority of peaks at low frequencies. Among these peaks, we highlight a list of about 43 values, including notably two different sets of harmonic frequencies whose fundamental peaks are located at about 0. 07 and 0. 82d-1. The former represents the orbital frequency of the binary system whilst the latter could probably be associated with non-radial pulsations. The study of the 0. 07d-1 variations reveals the presence of a hot spot most probably situated on the primary star and facing the secondary. The investigation of this unique dataset constitutes a further step in the understanding of Plaskett's Star. These results provide a first basis for future seismic modelling. The existence of a hot region between both components renders the determination of the inclination ambiguous. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1111/sjop.12024 | Experiencing malevolent voices is associated with attentional dysfunction in psychotic patients | Inattention in people with schizophrenia is common. However, there has been little research on the association between inattention and auditory hallucinations. The aim of the study was to investigate how inattention is affected by beliefs about voices as benevolent and malevolent and perceived control of voices. A total of 31 patients who experienced auditory hallucinations and who met the criteria for schizophrenia or other psychosis completed the attention subscale of the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS) and the Connors' Continuous Performance Test II (CCPT-II). The revised Beliefs About Voices Questionnaire (BAVQ-R) was used to assess malevolent and benevolent beliefs about voices, and severity of auditory hallucinations (the Psychotic Symptom Rating Scales; PSYRATS) was used to assess perceived control of voices and frequency of voices. Levels of depression (the Beck Depression Inventory; BDI), anxiety (the Beck Anxiety Inventory; BAI), severity of overall psychiatric symptoms (the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; BPRS), and severity of negative symptoms (SANS) were assessed to control for their potential confounding effects. The relations between the variables were explored with correlations and multiple hierarchical regression analyses. The results indicated that more malevolent, but not more benevolent, beliefs about voices predicted lower levels of attention, independently of general psychiatric symptoms and various other psychotic symptoms such as frequency of and perceived control of voices. These findings suggest an important relationship between malevolent beliefs about voices and levels of inattention. The possible impact of changing beliefs about voices to improve attentional functioning is discussed. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1016/j.jcta.2012.09.004 | A doubly-refined enumeration of alternating sign matrices and descending plane partitions | It was shown recently by the authors that, for any n, there is equality between the distributions of certain triplets of statistics on n × n alternating sign matrices (ASMs) and descending plane partitions (DPPs) with each part at most n. The statistics for an ASM A are the number of generalized inversions in A, the number of -1's in A and the number of 0's to the left of the 1 in the first row of A, and the respective statistics for a DPP D are the number of nonspecial parts in D, the number of special parts in D and the number of n's in D. Here, the result is generalized to include a fourth statistic for each type of object, where this is the number of 0's to the right of the 1 in the last row of an ASM, and the number of (n - 1)'s plus the number of rows of length n - 1 in a DPP. This generalization is proved using the known equality of the three-statistic generating functions, together with relations which express each four-statistic generating function in terms of its three-statistic counterpart. These relations are obtained by applying the Desnanot-Jacobi identity to determinantal expressions for the generating functions, where the determinants arise from standard methods involving the six-vertex model with domain-wall boundary conditions for ASMs, and nonintersecting lattice paths for DPPs. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201219115 | Soap A Tool For The Fast Computation Of Photometry And Radial Velocity Induced By Stellar Spots | We define and put at the disposal of the community SOAP, Spot Oscillation And Planet, a software tool that simulates the effect of stellar spots and plages on radial velocimetry and photometry. This paper describes the tool release and provides instructions for its use. We present detailed tests with previous computations and real data to assess the code's performance and to validate its suitability. We characterize the variations of the radial velocity, line bisector, and photometric amplitude as a function of the main variables: projected stellar rotational velocity, filling factor of the spot, resolution of the spectrograph, linear limb-darkening coefficient, latitude of the spot, and inclination of the star. Finally, we model the spot distributions on the active stars HD166435, TW Hya and HD189733 which reproduces the observations. We show that the software is remarkably fast allowing several evolutions in its capabilities that could be performed to study the next challenges in the exoplanetary field connected with the stellar variability. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
interreg_2196 | GAmifIcation for Memorable tourist experienceS | Today’s demanding and discerning tourists don’t want just to observe, they wish to experience places. This experiential tourism trend is relevant to off-season travellers who choose this time of the year not only to lower costs but also to avoid crowds and increase chances for authentic interactions with locals. That's why MED GAIMS project will develop games in physical and virtual format to create experiences for tourists, giving a necessary competitive edge to the attractiveness of less-known sites. The project seeks to increase tourism flows, covering all niches and segments like off-season travellers, creating jobs opportunities and start-ups for game entrepreneurs. Gamification is culturally sensitive – we do not all have the same sense of what is fun – so multicultural, cross-border evaluation of the initiatives will be performed by the project before opening them up to international tourists. Eventually, 40 games will be selected and implemented in 12 tourism sites from 8 destinations. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1162/jocn_a_00476 | Reaction Time for Object Categorization Is Predicted by Representational Distance | Abstract
How does the brain translate an internal representation of an object into a decision about the object's category? Recent studies have uncovered the structure of object representations in inferior temporal cortex (IT) using multivariate pattern analysis methods. These studies have shown that representations of individual object exemplars in IT occupy distinct locations in a high-dimensional activation space, with object exemplar representations clustering into distinguishable regions based on category (e. g. , animate vs. inanimate objects). In this study, we hypothesized that a representational boundary between category representations in this activation space also constitutes a decision boundary for categorization. We show that behavioral RTs for categorizing objects are well described by our activation space hypothesis. Interpreted in terms of classical and contemporary models of decision-making, our results suggest that the process of settling on an internal representation of a stimulus is itself partially constitutive of decision-making for object categorization. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.3390/v12020218 | Initial Virome Characterization of the Common Cnidarian Lab Model Nematostella vectensis | The role of viruses in forming a stable holobiont has been the subject of extensive research in recent years. However, many emerging model organisms still lack any data on the composition of the associated viral communities. Here, we re-analyzed seven publicly available transcriptome datasets of the starlet sea anemone Nematostella vectensis, the most commonly used anthozoan lab model, and searched for viral sequences. We applied a straightforward, yet powerful approach of de novo assembly followed by homology-based virus identification and a multi-step, thorough taxonomic validation. The comparison of different lab populations of N. vectensis revealed the existence of the core virome composed of 21 viral sequences, present in all adult datasets. Unexpectedly, we observed an almost complete lack of viruses in the samples from the early developmental stages, which together with the identification of the viruses shared with the major source of the food in the lab, the brine shrimp Artemia salina, shed new light on the course of viral species acquisition in N. vectensis. Our study provides an initial, yet comprehensive insight into N. vectensis virome and sets the first foundation for the functional studies of viruses and antiviral systems in this lab model cnidarian. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1209980110 | Projected Atlantic hurricane surge threat from rising temperatures | Detection and attribution of past changes in cyclone activity are hampered by biased cyclone records due to changes in observational capabilities. Here, we relate a homogeneous record of Atlantic tropical cyclone activity based on storm surge statistics from tide gauges to changes in global temperature patterns. We examine 10 competing hypotheses using nonstationary generalized extreme value analysis with different predictors (North Atlantic Oscillation, Southern Oscillation, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, Sahel rainfall, Quasi-Biennial Oscillation, radiative forcing, Main Development Region temperatures and its anomaly, global temperatures, and gridded temperatures). We find that gridded temperatures, Main Development Region, and global average temperature explain the observations best. The most extreme events are especially sensitive to temperature changes, and we estimate a doubling of Katrina magnitude events associated with the warming over the 20th century. The increased risk depends on the spatial distribution of the temperature rise with highest sensitivity from tropical Atlantic, Central America, and the Indian Ocean. Statistically downscaling 21st century warming patterns from six climate models results in a twofold to sevenfold increase in the frequency of Katrina magnitude events for a 1 °C rise in global temperature (using BNU-ESM, BCC-CSM-1. 1, CanESM2, HadGEM2-ES, INM-CM4, and NorESM1-M). | [
"Earth System Science",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.tcb.2016.09.007 | Creating Age Asymmetry: Consequences of Inheriting Damaged Goods in Mammalian Cells | Accumulating evidence suggests that mammalian cells asymmetrically segregate cellular components ranging from genomic DNA to organelles and damaged proteins during cell division. Asymmetric inheritance upon mammalian cell division may be specifically important to ensure cellular fitness and propagate cellular potency to individual progeny, for example in the context of somatic stem cell division. We review here recent advances in the field and discuss potential effects and underlying mechanisms that mediate asymmetric segregation of cellular components during mammalian cell division. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2021989053 | Stabilized Cyclopropane Analogs of the Splicing Inhibitor FD-895 | Targeting the spliceosome with small molecule inhibitors provides a new avenue to target cancer by intercepting alternate splicing pathways. Although our understanding of alternate mRNA splicing remains poorly understood, it provides an escape pathway for many cancers resistant to current therapeutics. These findings have encouraged recent academic and industrial efforts to develop natural product spliceosome inhibitors, including FD-895 (1a), pladienolide B (1b), and pladienolide D (1c), into next-generation anticancer drugs. The present study describes the application of semisynthesis and total synthesis to reveal key structure-activity relationships for the spliceosome inhibition by 1a. This information is applied to deliver new analogs with improved stability and potent activity at inhibiting splicing in patient derived cell lines. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1093/cercor/bhu132 | Interaction between hippocampus and cerebellum crus i in sequence-based but not place-based navigation | To examine the cerebellar contribution to human spatial navigation we used functional magnetic resonance imaging and virtual reality. Our findings show that the sensory-motor requirements of navigation induce activity in cerebellar lobules and cortical areas known to be involved in the motor loop and vestibular processing. By contrast, cognitive aspects of navigation mainly induce activity in a different cerebellar lobule (VIIA Crus I). Our results demonstrate a functional link between cerebellum and hippocampus in humans and identify specific functional circuits linking lobule VIIA Crus I of the cerebellum to medial parietal, medial prefrontal, and hippocampal cortices in nonmotor aspects of navigation. They further suggest that Crus I belongs to 2 nonmotor loops, involved in different strategies: placebased navigation is supported by coherent activity between left cerebellar lobule VIIA Crus I and medial parietal cortex along with right hippocampus activity, while sequence-based navigation is supported by coherent activity between right lobule VIIA Crus I, medial prefrontal cortex, and left hippocampus. These results highlight the prominent role of the human cerebellum in both motor and cognitive aspects of navigation, and specify the cortico-cerebellar circuits by which it acts depending on the requirements of the task. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevA.93.023429 | Two-photon finite-pulse model for resonant transitions in attosecond experiments | We present an analytical model capable of describing two-photon ionization of atoms with attosecond pulses in the presence of intermediate and final isolated autoionizing states. The model is based on the finite-pulse formulation of second-order time-dependent perturbation theory. It approximates the intermediate and final states with Fano's theory for resonant continua, and it depends on a small set of atomic parameters that can either be obtained from separate ab initio calculations or be extracted from a few selected experiments. We use the model to compute the two-photon resonant photoelectron spectrum of helium below the N=2 threshold for the RABITT (reconstruction of attosecond beating by interference of two-photon transitions) pump-probe scheme, in which an XUV attosecond pulse train is used in association with a weak IR probe, obtaining results in quantitative agreement with those from accurate ab initio simulations. In particular, we show that (i) the use of finite pulses results in a homogeneous redshift of the RABITT beating frequency, as well as a resonant modulation of the beating frequency in proximity to intermediate autoionizing states; (ii) the phase of resonant two-photon amplitudes generally experiences a continuous excursion as a function of the intermediate detuning, with either zero or 2π overall variation. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
615929 | Supernovae: Physics and Cosmology in the Next Decade | Exploding stars, or supernovae, impact upon many diverse areas of astrophysics, from galaxy formation, to stellar evolution, to cosmology and studies of dark energy. I am playing a leading role in new, wide-field, high-cadence optical surveys that are revolutionising the study of supernovae, searching vast volumes of space, locating hundreds of events to study their demographics in detail, and uncovering new and bizarre types of explosions. In concert with a major European Southern Observatory public spectroscopic survey, PESSTO, these imaging surveys will provide an extraordinary dataset for understanding all facets of the supernova and explosive transient population. My work will perform several tests of the progenitors and physics of the classical type Ia supernovae in an attempt to understand how these crucial standard candles depend on their progenitor stellar populations. I will use these results to inform a new generation of models of type Ia supernovae. I will this distill these results to make a detailed measurement of the dark energy that powers the accelerating universe in which we live, greatly improving upon existing measurements of the variation of dark energy over the last ten billion years. A final aspect of my research is an innovative search for superluminous supernovae: a new class of supernova explosion a hundred times brighter than traditional supernovae, capable of being studied in the very distant universe. These objects may become cosmology's new standard candle, visible far beyond the reach of type Ia supernovae. My new search will significantly increase both the quantity and quality of superluminous supernova observations, allowing us to further our understanding of these enigmatic objects and use them in a cosmological setting for the first time. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/0953-8984/23/3/035103 | Different Freezing Behavior Of Millimeter And Micrometer Scaled Nh4 2So4 H2O Droplets | Although the freezing of aqueous solutions is important for nature and different branches of science and freeze-applications, our understanding of the freezing process is not complete. For example, numerous measurements of micrometer-scaled (NH4)2SO4/H2O droplets report one freezing event below the eutectic point. However, measurements of larger millimeter-scaled droplets reveal two freezing events: the freezing out of ice and subsequent freezing of a residual freeze-concentrated solution. To resolve this apparent contradiction we performed numerous calorimetric measurements which indicate that the freezing of a residual solution of millimeter-scaled 5‐38 wt% (NH4)2SO4 droplets occurs mainly between ∼210 and 225 K. We also find that micrometer-scaled droplets produce one freezing event which is within or in the vicinity of the ∼210‐225 K region. This fact and the analysis of thermograms suggest that the residual solution of micrometer-scaled droplets may partly crystallize simultaneously with ice and partly transform to glass at Tg ≈ 172 K. Our results suggest for the first time that the size of (NH4)2SO4/H2O droplets may affect the number of freezing events below the eutectic point. (Some figures in this article are in colour only in the electronic version) | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jedc.2017.12.005 | Macroeconomic and distributional effects of mortgage guarantee programs for the poor | Government-driven mortgage guarantee programs (for example, loans insured through the Federal Housing Administration, the Department of Veterans Affairs, and the Rural Housing Service) aim to help financially disadvantaged households buy and own their houses. This study analyzes the macroeconomic and distributional effects of these government programs. We propose a quantitative model where households endogenously choose their mortgage types either with or without government guarantees. Households that take out mortgages with government guarantees pay an up-front insurance premium, while those that choose mortgages without guarantees face borrowing limits. Our results show that a hypothetical decline in government subsidies for mortgage guarantee programs can improve aggregate household welfare, mainly due to endogenous changes in mortgage interest rates and tax burdens, rather than in housing prices. The welfare implications are different across households, depending on their financial status. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-642-32009-5_40 | A New Approach To Practical Active Secure Two Party Computation | We propose a new approach to practical two-party computation secure against an active adversary. All prior practical protocols were based on Yao's garbled circuits. We use an OT-based approach and get efficiency via OT extension in the random oracle model. To get a practical protocol we introduce a number of novel techniques for relating the outputs and inputs of OTs in a larger construction. We also report on an implementation of this approach, that shows that our protocol is more efficient than any previous one: For big enough circuits, we can evaluate more than 20000 Boolean gates per second. As an example, evaluating one oblivious AES encryption $$\sim 34000$$ gates takes 64i¾?seconds, but when repeating the task 27i¾?times it only takes less than 3i¾?seconds per instance. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1039/C6CE02493A | Facile Adaptation Of 1D Mn Ii Chain Motifs To Form 3D Azo Pyridine Based Coordination Polymers | We report the synthesis of a simple 1D Mn-azopyridine-based coordination polymer, poly-[MnII(NO3)2(OH2)2(azopy)2]·2MeCN (1) (azopy = 4,4′-azobis(pyridine)) and its use as a convenient feedstock to afford two 3D coordination polymers, namely: poly-[MnII(azopy)2(CNAgCN)4] (2), and poly-[MnII2(pda)(Hpda)2(azopy)2(OH2)2]·2MeCN (3), (pdaH2 = 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid). The compounds have been characterised by elemental analysis, IR, PXRD, TGA and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1 is a 1D coordination polymer while 2 represents a 3-dimensional coordination polymer adopting 2-fold interpenetrated rutile (rtl) topology and 3 is a 5-connected 3-dimensional coordination polymer with boron nitride (bnn) topology. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W4283740580 | Analyse de l’évolution de la disponibilité lexicale d’un échantillon d’élèves apprenant le FLE durant le cycle secondaire en Espagne | Si les avancées en termes de disponibilité lexicale ne sont que très récentes, depuis ces dernières années, les recherches dans ce domaine se sont considérablement approfondies. Bien que de telles recherches foisonnent dans le monde hispanique, ce travail s’inscrit, modestement, dans cette lignée et revient à ses origines. En effet, les recherches sur le concept de disponibilité lexicale ont vu le jour en France. En outre, ce projet expérimental propose d’établir un état des lieux de l’évolution du vocabulaire disponible en langue étrangère grâce à l’analyse d’un corpus réalisé auprès d’élèves de langue maternelle espagnole apprenant le français comme seconde langue étrangère en Espagne. Notre expérience avec un échantillon composé de 294 élèves met l’accent sur les possibilités que peuvent offrir ce type d’étude à l’enseignement du vocabulaire pour l’élaboration de supports en fonction des besoins d’apprentissage plus axés sur la qualité de l’apprentissage dans le temps. En effet, la courbe reflétant l’évolution du bagage lexical n’est pas toujours croissante mais plutôt irrégulière. Ce qui confirmerait peut-être d’autres études sur le fait que l’apprentissage n’est pas linaire mais en spirale, fait d’allées et venues. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-019-12354-8 | Simultaneous measurement of excitation-contraction coupling parameters identifies mechanisms underlying contractile responses of hiPSC-derived cardiomyocytes | Cardiomyocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC-CMs) are increasingly recognized as valuable for determining the effects of drugs on ion channels but they do not always accurately predict contractile responses of the human heart. This is in part attributable to their immaturity but the sensitivity of measurement tools may also be limiting. Measuring action potential, calcium flux or contraction individually misses critical information that is captured when interrogating the complete excitation-contraction coupling cascade simultaneously. Here, we develop an hypothesis-based statistical algorithm that identifies mechanisms of action. We design and build a high-speed optical system to measure action potential, cytosolic calcium and contraction simultaneously using fluorescent sensors. These measurements are automatically processed, quantified and then assessed by the algorithm. Multiplexing these three critical physical features of hiPSC-CMs allows identification of all major drug classes affecting contractility with detection sensitivities higher than individual measurement of action potential, cytosolic calcium or contraction. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/ps.6265 | Is the emerging mite pest Aculops lycopersici controllable? Global and genome-based insights in its biology and management | Over the last decade, the tomato russet mite, Aculops lycopersici, has become a major pest in tomato crops worldwide, both in open-field and protected cultivation. Its minute size of 150 to 200 μm complicates early detection and monitoring in tomato crops. Passive dispersal occurs via air currents, crop management practices and commercial trade. Chemical control of Aculops lycopersici is difficult. Altered product use from broad spectrum pesticides towards selective acaricides, to meet integrated pest management (IPM) standards, has created better conditions for the rapid expansion of this specialized eriophyid mite. Moreover, practical implementation of promising natural enemies is challenging due to the complexity of biological control in tomato crops. Trichomes on tomato negatively affect arthropod natural enemies, but provide a refuge for the tomato russet mite. Despite the cosmopolitan nature of Aculops lycopersici, knowledge associated with IPM is limited and fragmented. This review describes fundamental biological data on Aculops lycopersici from the last 20 years and novel developments in the field of prevention, monitoring, chemical and biological control. The recent analysis of the genome sequence will be helpful in the development of a sustainable control strategy for Aculops lycopersici. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/2041-8205/807/1/L1 | Probing The Msp Prenatal Stage The Optical Identification Of The X Ray Burster Exo 1745 248 In Terzan 5 | We report on the optical identification of the neutron star burster EXO 1745-248 in Terzan 5. The identification was performed by exploiting Hubble Space Telescope/Advanced Camera for Surveys images acquired in Director's Discretionary Time shortly after (approximately one month) the Swift detection of the X-ray burst. The comparison between these images and previous archival data revealed the presence of a star that is currently brightened by ∼3 mag, consistent with expectations during an X-ray outburst. The centroid of this object well agrees with the position, in the archival images, of a star located in the turn-off/sub-giant-branch region of Terzan 5. This supports the scenario that the companion should have recently filled its Roche Lobe. Such a system represents the prenatal stage of a millisecond pulsar, an evolutionary phase during which heavy mass accretion on the compact object occurs, thus producing X-ray outbursts and re-accelerating the neutron star. Based on observations (GO 14061, GO 12933, GO 9799) with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by AURA, Inc. , under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W1982473062 | Decision trees in selection of featured determined food quality | The determination of food quality, authenticity and the detection of adulterations are problems of increasing importance in food chemistry. Recently, chemometric classification techniques and pattern recognition analysis methods for wine and other alcoholic beverages have received great attention and have been largely used. Beer is a complex mixture of components: on one hand a volatile fraction, which is responsible for its aroma, and on the other hand, a non-volatile fraction or extract consisting of a great variety of substances with distinct characteristics. The aim of this study was to consider parameters which contribute to beer differentiation according to the quality grade. Chemical (e.g. pH, acidity, dry extract, alcohol content, CO(2) content) and sensory features (e.g. bitter taste, color) were determined in 70 beer samples and used as variables in decision tree techniques. This pattern recognition techniques applied to the dataset were able to extract information useful in obtaining a satisfactory classification of beer samples according to their quality grade. Feature selection procedures indicated which features are the most discriminating for classification. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1090/proc/14095 | A more intuitive proof of a sharp version of Halász’s theorem | We prove a sharp version of Halász’s theorem on sums
∑
n
≤
x
f
(
n
)
\sum _{n \leq x} f(n)
of multiplicative functions
f
f
with
|
f
(
n
)
|
≤
1
|f(n)|\le 1
. Our proof avoids the “average of averages” and “integration over
α
\alpha
” manoeuvres that are present in many of the existing arguments. Instead, motivated by the circle method, we express
∑
n
≤
x
f
(
n
)
\sum _{n \leq x} f(n)
as a triple Dirichlet convolution and apply Perron’s formula. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1063/1.5111624 | Universal Scaling Behavior Of Resonant Absorption | Mode conversion and resonant absorption are crucial mechanisms for wave transport and absorption. The scaling behavior of mode conversion or resonant absorption is well-known for electromagnetic and MHD waves in planar geometry. Our recent study showed that such a scaling behavior of resonant absorption could also exist for coronal loop oscillations with cylindrical geometry, but it was only tested for one density profile. Here, we generalize our previous study on the scaling behavior of resonant absorption by considering multiple density profiles. Applying an invariant imbedding method to the ideal MHD wave equations, we show that the scaling behavior also exists for these density models. We thus generalize our earlier results and show that such a universal scaling exists in cylindrical geometry, too. Given these results and the earlier results in planar geometry, we formulate a hypothesis that a universal scaling behavior exists regardless of the type of mode conversion or resonant absorption. Mode conversion and resonant absorption are crucial mechanisms for wave transport and absorption. The scaling behavior of mode conversion or resonant absorption is well-known for electromagnetic and MHD waves in planar geometry. Our recent study showed that such a scaling behavior of resonant absorption could also exist for coronal loop oscillations with cylindrical geometry, but it was only tested for one density profile. Here, we generalize our previous study on the scaling behavior of resonant absorption by considering multiple density profiles. Applying an invariant imbedding method to the ideal MHD wave equations, we show that the scaling behavior also exists for these density models. We thus generalize our earlier results and show that such a universal scaling exists in cylindrical geometry, too. Given these results and the earlier results in planar geometry, we formulate a hypothesis that a universal scaling behavior exists regardless of the type of mode conversion or resonant absorption. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.3847/0004-637X/824/2/107 | A Hard X Ray Study Of The Normal Star Forming Galaxy M83 With Nustar | We present the results from sensitive, multi-epoch NuSTAR observations of the late-type star-forming galaxy M83 (d = 4. 6 Mpc). This is the first investigation to spatially resolve the hard (E > 10 keV) X-ray emission of this galaxy. The nuclear region and ~20 off-nuclear point sources, including a previously discovered ultraluminous X-ray source, are detected in our NuSTAR observations. The X-ray hardnesses and luminosities of the majority of the point sources are consistent with hard X-ray sources resolved in the starburst galaxy NGC 253. We infer that the hard X-ray emission is most likely dominated by intermediate accretion state black hole binaries and neutron star low-mass X-ray binaries (Z-sources). We construct the X-ray binary luminosity function (XLF) in the NuSTAR band for an extragalactic environment for the first time. The M83 XLF has a steeper XLF than the X-ray binary XLF in NGC 253, which is consistent with previous measurements by Chandra at softer X-ray energies. The NuSTAR integrated galaxy spectrum of M83 drops quickly above 10 keV, which is also seen in the starburst galaxies NGC 253, NGC 3310, and NGC 3256. The NuSTAR observations constrain any active galactic nucleus (AGN) to be either highly obscured or to have an extremely low luminosity of ≾ 10^(38) erg s^(−1) (10–30 keV), implying that it is emitting at a very low Eddington ratio. An X-ray point source that is consistent with the location of the nuclear star cluster with an X-ray luminosity of a few times 10^(38) erg s^(−1) may be a low-luminosity AGN but is more consistent with being an X-ray binary. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
W2015334431 | The Rich Club of the C. elegans Neuronal Connectome | There is increasing interest in topological analysis of brain networks as complex systems, with researchers often using neuroimaging to represent the large-scale organization of nervous systems without precise cellular resolution. Here we used graph theory to investigate the neuronal connectome of the nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans, which is defined anatomically at a cellular scale as 2287 synaptic connections between 279 neurons. We identified a small number of highly connected neurons as a rich club (N = 11) interconnected with high efficiency and high connection distance. Rich club neurons comprise almost exclusively the interneurons of the locomotor circuits, with known functional importance for coordinated movement. The rich club neurons are connector hubs, with high betweenness centrality, and many intermodular connections to nodes in different modules. On identifying the shortest topological paths (motifs) between pairs of peripheral neurons, the motifs that are found most frequently traverse the rich club. The rich club neurons are born early in development, before visible movement of the animal and before the main phase of developmental elongation of its body. We conclude that the high wiring cost of the globally integrative rich club of neurons in the C. elegans connectome is justified by the adaptive value of coordinated movement of the animal. The economical trade-off between physical cost and behavioral value of rich club organization in a cellular connectome confirms theoretical expectations and recapitulates comparable results from human neuroimaging on much larger scale networks, suggesting that this may be a general and scale-invariant principle of brain network organization. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1101/cshperspect.a000612 | The budding yeast nucleus. | The budding yeast nucleus, like those of other eukaryotic species, is highly organized with respect to both chromosomal sequences and enzymatic activities. At the nuclear periphery interactions of nuclear pores with chromatin, mRNA, and transport factors promote efficient gene expression, whereas centromeres, telomeres, and silent chromatin are clustered and anchored away from pores. Internal nuclear organization appears to be function-dependent, reflecting localized sites for tRNA transcription, rDNA transcription, ribosome assembly, and DNA repair. Recent advances have identified new proteins involved in the positioning of chromatin and have allowed testing of the functional role of higher-order chromatin organization. The unequal distribution of silent information regulatory factors and histone modifying enzymes, which arises in part from the juxtaposition of telomeric repeats, has been shown to influence chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression. Other localization events suppress unwanted recombination. These findings highlight the contribution budding yeast genetics and cytology have made to dissecting the functional role of nuclear structure. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
290853 | XUV/X-ray lasers for ultrafast electronic control in chemistry | Advances in generating controlled few-cycle laser pulses and novel ultrashort XUV/Xray sources, from free electron laser (FEL)-based to attosecond high harmonic generation (HHG)-based, have opened completely new avenues for imaging electronic and nuclear dynamics in molecules, with exciting applications in physics, chemistry and biology. Processes such as ionization and dissociation of simple diatomic molecules can now be monitored in real time, but the access to few-femtosecond or attosecond time scales in the XUV/X-ray domain may also allow one to uncover and control the dynamics of elementary chemical processes such as, e.g., ultrafast charge migration, proton transfer, isomerization or multiple ionization, and to address new key questions about the role of attosecond coherent electron dynamics in chemical reactivity. The success of current experimental efforts in explaining these phenomena, present in many biological processes, is seriously limited due to the difficulty in their interpretation. In this respect, the implementation by the applicant’s group of nearly exact theoretical methods in supercomputers has made it possible to guide experimental research on simple systems. Such theoretical methods lie outside the traditional quantum chemistry realm since, e.g., they must accurately reproduce the time evolution of the coupled electronic and nuclear motions in the electronic and dissociative continua, including electron correlation and non-adiabatic effects. The necessary extension to systems of chemical interest, the current bottleneck in this field, requires extensive and novel theoretical developments along a similar direction. The aim of this project is to study the electronic and coupled electronic-nuclear dynamics in complex molecules at the attosecond or few-femtosecond time-scales, developing concepts and accurate theoretical tools to interpret the new generation of time-resolved experiments and to achieve ultrafast electronic control in chemistry. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
948021 | Structure Theorems for Modern Aspects of Geometric Measure Theory | The aim of this research proposal is to develop the necessary theory of three areas of Geometric Measure Theory in order to solve several fundamental open questions. The origins of these questions can be found in recent advancements in various areas of modern analysis, such as the calculus of variations, harmonic analysis and geometric function theory, and differential geometry.
The project will use and expand upon techniques recently pioneered by the PI. These techniques demonstrated the viability of geometric measure theory in arbitrary metric spaces. One focus of this project will be to continue with the natural progression of this research. The other focus will be to developing these techniques in order to solve seemingly unrelated problems in new areas of analysis. These methods have been successfully used to solve many well known questions, but it is clear that their full potential has yet to be realised.
The main areas of interest are:
(A): Fundamental questions regarding geometric measure theory in metric spaces.
A central point of interest will be generalising classical characterisations of rectifiability to non-Euclidean settings.
(B): Characterisations of quantitative rectifiability.
The main goal is to prove a quantitative analogue to the Besicovitch--Federer projection theorem conjectured by David and Semmes.
(C): The structure of currents.
In particular, the project will follow a path towards solving the flat chain conjecture of Ambrosio--Kirchheim.
Each of these areas concerns difficult yet important problems. As with other fundamental results of GMT, it is expected that these techniques will find applications far beyond their original purpose. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1126/science.aap7607 | Mutations in LZTR1 drive human disease by dysregulating RAS ubiquitination | The leucine zipper–like transcriptional regulator 1 (LZTR1) protein, an adaptor for cullin 3 (CUL3) ubiquitin ligase complex, is implicated in human disease, yet its mechanism of action remains unknown. We found that Lztr1 haploinsufficiency in mice recapitulates Noonan syndrome phenotypes, whereas LZTR1 loss in Schwann cells drives dedifferentiation and proliferation. By trapping LZTR1 complexes from intact mammalian cells, we identified the guanosine triphosphatase RAS as a substrate for the LZTR1-CUL3 complex. Ubiquitome analysis showed that loss of Lztr1 abrogated Ras ubiquitination at lysine-170. LZTR1-mediated ubiquitination inhibited RAS signaling by attenuating its association with the membrane. Disease-associated LZTR1 mutations disrupted either LZTR1-CUL3 complex formation or its interaction with RAS proteins. RAS regulation by LZTR1-mediated ubiquitination provides an explanation for the role of LZTR1 in human disease. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1145/2814270.2814277 | A Co Contextual Formulation Of Type Rules And Its Application To Incremental Type Checking | Type rules associate types to expressions given a typing context. As the type checker traverses the expression tree top-down, it extends the typing context with additional context information that becomes available. This way, the typing context coordinates type checking in otherwise independent subexpressions, which inhibits parallelization and incrementalization of type checking. We propose a co-contextual formulation of type rules that only take an expression as input and produce a type and a set of context requirements. Co-contextual type checkers traverse an expression tree bottom-up and merge context requirements of independently checked subexpressions. We describe a method for systematically constructing a co-contextual formulation of type rules from a regular context-based formulation and we show how co-contextual type rules give rise to incremental type checking. Using our method, we derive incremental type checkers for PCF and for extensions that introduce records, parametric polymorphism, and subtyping. Our performance evaluation shows that co-contextual type checking has performance comparable to standard context-based type checking, and incrementalization can improve performance significantly. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1088/0004-637X/771/1/24 | Line Profiles Of Cores Within Clusters Ii Signatures Of Dynamical Collapse During High Mass Star Formation | Observations of atomic or molecular lines can provide important information about the physical state of star-forming regions. In order to investigate the line profiles from dynamical collapsing massive star-forming regions (MSFRs), we model the emission from hydrodynamic simulations of a collapsing cloud in the absence of outflows. By performing radiative transfer calculations, we compute the optically thick HCO+ and optically thin N2H+ line profiles from two collapsing regions at different epochs. Due to large-scale collapse, the MSFRs have large velocity gradients, reaching up to 20 km s–1 pc–1 across the central core. The optically thin lines typically contain multiple velocity components resulting from the superposition of numerous density peaks along the line of sight. The optically thick lines are only marginally shifted to the blue side of the optically thin line profiles, and frequently do not have a central depression in their profiles due to self-absorption. As the regions evolve, the lines become brighter and the optically thick lines become broader. The lower-order HCO+ (1-0) transitions are better indicators of collapse than the higher-order (4-3) transitions. We also investigate how the beam sizes affect profile shapes. Smaller beams lead to brighter and narrower lines that are more skewed to the blue in HCO+ relative to the true core velocity, but show multiple components in N2H+. High-resolution observations (e. g. , with Atacama Large Millimeter Array) can test these predictions and provide insights into the nature of MSFRs. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1007/s12274-017-1604-5 | Microfluidic bacterial traps for simultaneous fluorescence and atomic force microscopy | The atomic force microscope has become an established research tool for imaging microorganisms with unprecedented resolution. However, its use in microbiology has been limited by the difficulty of proper bacterial immobilization. Here, we have developed a microfluidic device that solves the issue of bacterial immobilization for atomic force microscopy under physiological conditions. Our device is able to rapidly immobilize bacteria in well-defined positions and subsequently release the cells for quick sample exchange. The developed device also allows simultaneous fluorescence analysis to assess the bacterial viability during atomic force microscope imaging. We demonstrated the potential of our approach for the immobilization of rod-shaped Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Using our device, we observed buffer-dependent morphological changes of the bacterial envelope mediated by the antimicrobial peptide CM15. Our approach to bacterial immobilization makes sample preparation much simpler and more reliable, thereby accelerating atomic force microscopy studies at the single-cell level. [Figure not available: see fulltext. ]. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1364/OL.39.006090 | Nonclassical Light Manipulation In A Multiple Scattering Medium | We investigate the possibility of using a scattering medium as a highly multimode platform for implementing quantum walks. We demonstrate the manipulation of a single photon propagating through a strongly scattering medium using wavefront-shaping technique. Measurement of the scattering matrix allows the wavefront of the photon to be shaped to compensate the distortions induced by multiple scattering events. The photon can thus be directed coherently to a specific output mode. Using this approach, we show how entanglement of a single photon across different modes can be manipulated despite the enormous wavefront disturbance caused by the scattering medium. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W2473343633 | Irreversibility of Asymptotic Entanglement Manipulation Under Quantum Operations Completely Preserving Positivity of Partial Transpose | We demonstrate the irreversibility of asymptotic entanglement manipulation under quantum operations that completely preserve the positivity of partial transpose (PPT), resolving a major open problem in quantum information theory. Our key tool is a new efficiently computable additive lower bound for the asymptotic relative entropy of entanglement with respect to PPT states, which can be used to evaluate the entanglement cost under local operations and classical communication (LOCC). We find that for any rank-two mixed state supporting on the $3\otimes3$ antisymmetric subspace, the amount of distillable entanglement by PPT operations is strictly smaller than one entanglement bit (ebit) while its entanglement cost under PPT operations is exactly one ebit. As byproduct, we find that for this class of states, both the Rains' bound and its regularization, are strictly less than the asymptotic relative entropy of entanglement. So, in general, there is no unique entanglement measure for the manipulation of entanglement by PPT operations. We further show a computable sufficient condition for the irreversibility of entanglement distillation by LOCC (or PPT) operations. | [
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W3001419998 | New Output Gap Estimates for the Euro Area and Elsewhere | Output gaps (OG) identify economic cycles. A new simple method for estimating them is presented, giving results that are more transparent than those published by the leading economic policy institutions. The retroactive changes to the OGs as such do not indicate that they would have been incorrect. Instead, they depend on what happened afterwards, including changes in the policies implemented. After the Great Crunch of 2008-09, fiscal policy was tight, notably in 2011-13 in the euro area, contributing to an unexpected fall in GDP, which led to large retroactive corrections of the OG estimates for earlier years. A more nuanced interpretation is that the retroactive corrections stemmed from the unduly tight fiscal policy followed in 2011-13. The new OG estimates explicitly based on an assessment of the possible changes in the long-term growth prospects provide the rudiments for a fiscal policy that both rationally copes with short term disturbances and underlines the policy measures necessary for long-term sustainability. This could help to avoid pro-cyclicality of fiscal policy in the euro area in future. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1093/cercor/bhz339 | Oscillatory Mechanisms of Successful Memory Formation in Younger and Older Adults Are Related to Structural Integrity | We studied oscillatory mechanisms of memory formation in 48 younger and 51 older adults in an intentional associative memory task with cued recall. While older adults showed lower memory performance than young adults, we found subsequent memory effects (SME) in alpha/beta and theta frequency bands in both age groups. Using logistic mixed effects models, we investigated whether interindividual differences in structural integrity of key memory regions could account for interindividual differences in the strength of the SME. Structural integrity of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and hippocampus was reduced in older adults. SME in the alpha/beta band were modulated by the cortical thickness of IFG, in line with its hypothesized role for deep semantic elaboration. Importantly, this structure–function relationship did not differ by age group. However, older adults were more frequently represented among the participants with low cortical thickness and consequently weaker SME in the alpha band. Thus, our results suggest that differences in the structural integrity of the IFG contribute not only to interindividual, but also to age differences in memory formation. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1093/aob/mcu187 | Flowers under pressure: Ins and outs of turgor regulation in development | Background Turgor pressure is an essential feature of plants; however, whereas its physiological importance is unequivocally recognized, its relevance to development is often reduced to a role in cell elongation. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1093/mnrasl/slaa131 | The impact of strong recombination on temperature determination in planetary nebulae | ABSTRACT The long-standing difference in chemical abundances determined from optical recombination lines and collisionally excited lines raises questions about our understanding of atomic physics, as well as the assumptions made when determining physical conditions and chemical abundances in astrophysical nebulae. Here, we study the recombination contribution of [O iii] 4363 and the validity of the line ratio [O iii] 4363/4959 as a temperature diagnostic in planetary nebulae with a high abundance discrepancy. We derive a fit for the recombination coefficient of [O iii] 4363 that takes into account the radiative and dielectronic recombinations, for electron temperatures from 200 to 30 000 K. We estimate the recombination contribution of [O iii] 4363 for the planetary nebulae Abell 46 and NGC 6778 by subtracting the collisional contribution from the total observed flux. We find that the spatial distribution for the estimated recombination contribution in [O iii] 4363 follows that of the O ii 4649 recombination line, both peaking in the central regions of the nebula, especially in the case of Abell 46 that has a much higher abundance discrepancy. The estimated recombination contribution reaches up to 70 and 40 per cent of the total [O iii] 4363 observed flux, for Abell 46 and NGC 6778, respectively. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.camwa.2019.06.026 | POD–Galerkin reduced order methods for combined Navier–Stokes transport equations based on a hybrid FV-FE solver | The purpose of this work is to introduce a novel POD–Galerkin strategy for the semi-implicit hybrid high order finite volume/finite element solver introduced in Bermúdez et al. (2014) and Busto et al. (2018). The interest is into the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations coupled with an additional transport equation. The full order model employed in this article makes use of staggered meshes. This feature will be conveyed to the reduced order model leading to the definition of reduced basis spaces in both meshes. The reduced order model presented herein accounts for velocity, pressure, and a transport-related variable. The pressure term at both the full order and the reduced order level is reconstructed making use of a projection method. More precisely, a Poisson equation for pressure is considered within the reduced order model. Results are verified against three-dimensional manufactured test cases. Moreover a modified version of the classical cavity test benchmark including the transport of a species is analysed. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.3390/nano10071272 | Optical-Based Thickness Measurement of MoO3 Nanosheets | Considering that two-dimensional (2D) molybdenum trioxide has acquired more attention in the last few years, it is relevant to speed up thickness identification of this material. We provide two fast and non-destructive methods to evaluate the thickness of MoO3 flakes on SiO2/Si substrates. First, by means of quantitative analysis of the apparent color of the flakes in optical microscopy images, one can make a first approximation of the thickness with an uncertainty of ±3 nm. The second method is based on the fit of optical contrast spectra, acquired with micro-reflectance measurements, to a Fresnel law-based model that provides an accurate measurement of the flake thickness with ±2 nm of uncertainty. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.4208/cicp.181012.010313a | Arbitrary-Lagrangian-Eulerian One-Step WENO Finite Volume Schemes on Unstructured Triangular Meshes | AbstractIn this article we present a new class of high order accurate Arbitrary-Eulerian-Lagrangian (ALE) one-step WENO finite volume schemes for solving nonlinear hyperbolic systems of conservation laws on moving two dimensional unstructured triangular meshes. A WENO reconstruction algorithm is used to achieve high order accuracy in space and a high order one-step time discretization is achieved by using the local space-time Galerkin predictor proposed in. For that purpose, a new element-local weak formulation of the governing PDE is adopted on moving space-time elements. The space-time basis and test functions are obtained considering Lagrange interpolation polynomials passing through a predefined set of nodes. Moreover, a polynomial mapping defined by the same local space-time basis functions as the weak solution of the PDE is used to map the moving physical space-time element onto a space-time reference element. To maintain algorithmic simplicity, the final ALE one-step finite volume scheme uses moving triangular meshes withstraightedges. This is possible in the ALE framework, which allows a local mesh velocity that is different from the local fluid velocity. We present numerical convergence rates for the schemes presented in this paper up to sixth order of accuracy in space and time and show some classical numerical test problems for the two-dimensional Euler equations of compressible gas dynamics. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
616305 | Water, Ions, Interfaces: Quantum effects, charge and cooperativity in water, aqueous solutions and interfaces | Sixty percent of the human body consists of water. Water provides the 3D-network for life’s constituents. In a cell there are many interfaces: the average distance between two molecules or a molecule and a membrane interfaces is ~1 nm. Water and the interfaces it interacts with are of paramount importance for biological processes. The structural, dynamic, and biological properties of water, aqueous systems and aqueous interfaces are essential in understanding the complexity of life, and our ability to harness its features for novel technologies.
Waters’ 3D hydrogen bonded network is important for nearly all the macroscopic properties of water. The network is cooperative, yet it rearranges itself every few femtoseconds, and quantum level interactions determine its properties. Understanding the role water plays in living systems therefore requires information from the quantum level/femtosecond time scale up to the macroscopic level/time scale. Therefore, understanding water remains a considerable challenge.
I propose to investigate the structural, dynamic, and biological properties of water by probing the relationship between the properties of water on vastly different length and time scales. We will investigate quantum effects in water and on interfaces, and study long-range ordering (up from the femtosecond time scale). Furthermore, we will map how ions, hydrophilic, and hydrophobic solutes influence waters structural correlations and water-mediated interactions. Thus, we will use a worldwide unique multiscale toolbox that has for the most part been recently developed in my lab. We will map aqueous solutions by probing the structure of hydration shells, nanoscopic order and correlations between water molecules and viscosity. Interfacial structural and dynamical changes will be measured by mapping the surface chemical composition and conformation, the surface charge, and the electrokinetic mobility of nanodroplets. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
947719 | Quantifying and upscaling nitrogen fixation in pristine ecosystems: Uncovering the climatic, ecological, and molecular control mechanisms | Plant productivity in pristine ecosystems like boreal and tropical cloud forests is limited by soil nutrients, primarily nitrogen (N). Mosses are major contributors to ecosystem productivity in these habitats, and most of them are colonized by N2-fixing cyanobacteria, thereby providing N to the ecosystem. Despite this key role, critical knowledge gaps exist. In particular, the climatic controls of moss-associated N2 fixation remain unclear, limiting our ability to quantify and project climate change effects on this fundamental ecosystem function. Further, it is unknown whether mosses and associated cyanobacteria share a mutualistic (both partners benefit) or parasitic (one partner benefits at the expense of the other) relationship. Yet, the balance of this association is crucial for maintaining ecosystem productivity. I will combine field, laboratory and modelling approaches to fill these knowledge gaps by addressing 4 objectives. I will (1) identify the climatic controls of N2 fixation in mosses from contrasting ecosystems: boreal forests and tropical cloud forests, (2) ascertain the degree of mutualism or parasitism between moss and cyanobacteria using transcriptomics, (3) determine nutrient exchange rates between moss and cyanobacteria using nanoSIMS. The ultimate goal is (4) to model ecosystem N input via N2 fixation in boreal and tropical ecosystems. In SYMBIONIX, I will uniquely combine biogeochemistry with ecology across scales, offering a break-through in ecosystem research. Application of cutting-edge methods will enable progress previously unachievable in ecosystem ecology. I will interlink a vital ecosystem function to its molecular and ecological foundation. A synthesis will be achieved via the parameterization and validation of global circulation models, resulting in improved predictions of ecosystem nutrient cycling in a future climate. Targeted combination of cross-scale approaches will make this initiative field-leading in ecosystem ecology. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1016/j.cmet.2016.03.004 | VEGFB/VEGFR1-Induced Expansion of Adipose Vasculature Counteracts Obesity and Related Metabolic Complications | Summary Impaired angiogenesis has been implicated in adipose tissue dysfunction and the development of obesity and associated metabolic disorders. Here, we report the unexpected finding that vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) gene transduction into mice inhibits obesity-associated inflammation and improves metabolic health without changes in body weight or ectopic lipid deposition. Mechanistically, the binding of VEGFB to VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1, also known as Flt1) activated the VEGF/VEGFR2 pathway and increased capillary density, tissue perfusion, and insulin supply, signaling, and function in adipose tissue. Furthermore, endothelial Flt1 gene deletion enhanced the effect of VEGFB, activating the thermogenic program in subcutaneous adipose tissue, which increased the basal metabolic rate, thus preventing diet-induced obesity and related metabolic complications. In obese and insulin-resistant mice, Vegfb gene transfer, together with endothelial Flt1 gene deletion, induced weight loss and mitigated the metabolic complications, demonstrating the therapeutic potential of the VEGFB/VEGFR1 pathway. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b01845 | High Quality Factor Graphene-Based Two-Dimensional Heterostructure Mechanical Resonator | Ultralight mechanical resonators based on low-dimensional materials are well suited as exceptional transducers of minuscule forces or mass changes. However, the low dimensionality also provides a challenge to minimize resistive losses and heating. Here, we report on a novel approach that aims to combine different two-dimensional (2D) materials to tackle this challenge. We fabricated a heterostructure mechanical resonator consisting of few layers of niobium diselenide (NbSe2) encapsulated by two graphene sheets. The hybrid membrane shows high quality factors up to 245,000 at low temperatures, comparable to the best few-layer graphene mechanical resonators. In contrast to few-layer graphene resonators, the device shows reduced electrical losses attributed to the lower resistivity of the NbSe2 layer. The peculiar low-temperature dependence of the intrinsic quality factor points to dissipation over two-level systems which in turn relax over the electronic system. Our high sensitivity readout is enabled by coupling the membrane to a superconducting cavity which allows for the integration of the hybrid mechanical resonator as a sensitive and low loss transducer in future quantum circuits. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
260233 | The genomic and transcriptomic locus of sex-specific selection in birds | It has long been understood that genes contribute to phenotypes that are then the basis of selection. However, the nature and process of this relationship remains largely theoretical, and the relative contribution of change in gene expression and coding sequence to phenotypic diversification is unclear. The aim of this proposal is to fuse information about sexually dimorphic phenotypes, the mating systems and sexually antagonistic selective agents that shape sexual dimorphism, and the sex-biased gene expression patterns that encode sexual dimorphisms, in order to create a cohesive integrated understanding of the relationship between evolution, the genome, and the animal form. The primary approach of this project is to harnesses emergent DNA sequencing technologies in order to measure evolutionary change in gene expression and coding sequence in response to different sex-specific selection regimes in a clade of birds with divergent mating systems. Sex-specific selection pressures arise in large part as a consequence of mating system, however males and females share nearly identical genomes, especially in the vertebrates where the sex chromosomes house very small proportions of the overall transcriptome. This single shared genome creates sex-specific phenotypes via different gene expression levels in females and males, and these sex-biased genes connect sexual dimorphisms, and the sexually antagonistic selection pressures that shape them, with the regions of the genome that encode them.
The Galloanserae (fowl and waterfowl) will be used to in the proposed project, as this clade combines the necessary requirements of both variation in mating systems and a well-conserved reference genome (chicken). The study species selected from within the Galloanserae for the proposal exhibit a range of sexual dimorphism and sperm competition, and this will be exploited with next generation (454 and Illumina) genomic and transcriptomic data to study the gene expression patterns that underlie sexual dimorphisms, and the evolutionary pressures acting on them. This work will be complemented by the development of mathematical models of sex-specific evolution that will be tested against the gene expression and gene sequence data in order to understand the mechanisms by which sex-specific selection regimes, arising largely from mating systems, shape the phenotype via the genome. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
US 202016934775 A | ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE STRUCTURE | An electronic cigarette structure includes a casing having an e-liquid chamber and an opening in communication therewith, a cotton body, an airflow duct, an atomizer, and a cover on the opening and sealing the components above in the chamber. The cotton body is disposed in the e-liquid chamber for absorbing the e-liquid. The airflow duct is hollow and combined into the cotton body in the e-liquid chamber. The atomizer is disposed in the through hole of the airflow duct, so as to thermally atomize the e-liquid for producing smoke. The cover has a via hole in communication with the through hole, so that the smoke generated in the through hole is sucked out from the via hole. Thus, the tar separation is avoided, and the e-liquid is prevented from leaking. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1093/cid/civ617 | The Effect of Oral Polio Vaccine at Birth on Infant Mortality: A Randomized Trial | Background. Routine vaccines may have nonspecific effects on mortality. An observational study found that OPV given at birth (OPV0) was associated with increased male infant mortality. We investigated the effect of OPV0 on infant mortality in a randomized trial in Guinea-Bissau. Methods. A total of 7012 healthy normal-birth-weight neonates were randomized to BCG only (intervention group) or OPV0 with BCG (usual practice). All children were to receive OPV with pentavalent vaccine (diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and hepatitis B) at 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age. Seven national OPV campaigns were also conducted during the trial period. Children were followed to age 12 months. We used Cox regression to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality. Results. The trial contradicted the original hypothesis about OPV0 increasing male infant mortality. Within 12 months, 73 children in the BCG + OPV group and 87 children in the BCG-only group died, all from infectious diseases. Comparing BCG + OPV0 vs BCG only, the HR was 0. 83 (95% confidence interval [CI],. 61-1. 13): 0. 72 (95% CI,. 47-1. 10) in boys and 0. 97 (95% CI,. 61-1. 54) in girls. For children enrolled within the first 2 days of life, the HR for BCG + OPV0 vs BCG only was 0. 58 (95% CI,. 38-. 90). From enrollment until the time of OPV campaigns, the HR was 0. 68 (95% CI,. 45-1. 00), the beneficial effect being separately significant for males (0. 55 [95% CI,. 32-. 95]). Conclusions. This is the only randomized trial of the effect of OPV0 on mortality. OPV0 may be associated with nonspecific protection against infectious disease mortality, particularly when given early in life. There are reasons to monitor mortality when OPV is being phased out. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT00710983. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
Q4756902 | INNOVATION, DIGITISATION AND STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OF SGB STUDIO | THE PROJECT HAS THE FOLLOWING OBJECTIVES: — IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF PROFESSIONAL SERVICES DELIVERY PROCESSES IN FAVOUR OF CUSTOMERS THROUGH THE CREATION OF AN INTERACTIVE SITE THAT ALLOWS THE ACCESS TO CUSTOMERS FOR THE SHARING AND CO-MANAGEMENT OF DATA, DOCUMENTS, INFORMATION, ALSO ACTIVATED THROUGH INTERFACE WITH INTERNAL SERVER SYSTEM AND DEFINITION OF PROCEDURES CONSISTENT WITH IT SECURITY PARAMETERS AND DATA MANAGEMENT — DEVELOP NEW ADVANCED FUNCTIONS OF RELATIONSHIP WITH CUSTOMERS AND THE PROVISION OF NEW SERVICES THROUGH VIDEO AND AUDIO CONFERENCE SYSTEM THAT PROMOTES REMOTE WORK, MANAGEMENT OF MULTI-SITE EVENTS WITH THE INVOLVEMENT OF FOREIGN PARTNERS AND THE INTERACTION BETWEEN MULTIPLE PROFESSIONAL FIGURES. THE VIDEO AND AUDIO CONFERENCE SYSTEM, TOGETHER WITH THE WEB PLATFORM INTEGRATED WITH THE INTERNAL SERVER SYSTEM, WILL ALLOW THE START OF A SYSTEM OF SHARING, COOPERATION AND COLLABORATION — EVEN BETWEEN PROFESSIONALS AND BUSINESSES IN PROGRESS. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
interreg_2586 | Network of Medium Sized Creative Cities | ORGANZA's objective is to systematically collect and exchange policy experiences of local and regional authorities regarding creative industries. ORGANZA focuses on medium size regions and cities that lack critical mass and face brain drain of creative talent. A key element in the lack of critical mass is an incomplete production structure and environment. Often either creative entrepreneurship or industrial entrepreneurship dominates. The challenge is to dynamize entrepreneurship but also to foster industrial change. Synergies between creativity and industry is an objective sought after, in line with the Lisbon agenda, but often not attained at a regional level. A European dimension may enable synergies and attainment of critical mass. Cities and regions have struggled in defining policies for creative industries. ORGANZA brings together cities and regions with different profiles of creative sectors, which enables capitalisation from the project results._x000D_
Partners in ORGANZA may be at the stage of policy inception, at the stage of studies or stakeholder consultations, they may have developed instruments (promotion actions, incubators, training programs etc…) or they may have integrated several instruments in a coherent framework or extended policies for creative industries to other areas. ORGANZA brings together partners at different stages of policy making and with different models of policy development in terms of competences and means, in terms of articulation between local and national policies and in form of implementation. ORGANZA enables regions to understand the relevance of policies with regard to their specific competences. Results also enable structured understanding by non-partner regions. The involvement of public authorities in ORGANZA will enable to understand how to leverage results from past, current and future ERDF funded projects for creative industries._x000D_
The ORGANZA project is structured around a strong methodological core. This is required since it is a new policy area, hence a taxonomy of collecting regional profiles and experiences is an important element. A structured database with search engine enables systematic access, customized to the profile of the interested region. ORGANZA then entails a collection and validation of experiences including stakeholder assessment. From this systematic collection, a limited set of inspiring practices is selected for transfer. Limited pilot actions will focus on the three stages of the policy process: inception, instrumentation and integration. ORGANZA includes capacity building in the form of seminars as well as dissemination actions with a focus on stakeholders. The project is set up in order to prepare for regional action plans and possibly a Interreg IVc Capitalisation project. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
Q87686 | Internationalisierungsprozess – PPH CERKAMED Entwicklungsstrategie | Im Rahmen der Beratungsleistungen, die zur Vorbereitung des Geschäftsmodells der Internationalisierung von PPH CERKAMED führen, werden folgende Aktivitäten durchgeführt: 1) Analyse der Exportmöglichkeiten des Unternehmens durch Prüfung der Produkte des Unternehmens und Beurteilung der Wettbewerbsposition des Unternehmens auf ausländischen Märkten innerhalb des Zeitraums vom 01-31.10.2016; 2) Prüfung ausländischer Märkte und Ermittlung von Zielmärkten und deren Uhierarching sowie Ermittlung potenzieller Gegenparteien auf ausländischen Märkten bis 17.10.2016 r.-30.11.2016; 3) Entwicklung des Konzepts des Eintritts in den ausländischen Markt zusammen mit einer Prognose der Absatzmöglichkeiten auf dem ausgewählten ausländischen Markt innerhalb des Zeitraums 14.11.2016 – 5.12.2016; 4) Angabe der wirksamsten Marketing- und Werbeinstrumente und -methoden (einschließlich Angabe von Messeveranstaltungen oder Richtungen von Handelsmissionen) innerhalb des 28.11.2016 – 12.12.2016; 5) Entwicklung von Empfehlungen im Bereich der Umstrukturierung des Unternehmens und Vorbereitung für Exportaktivitäten (im Bereich der Organisation von Produktion, Vermarktung und Absatzförderung, Handels- und Preispolitik, Exportabteilung, Logistik usw.) innerhalb des Zeitraums vom 5.12.2016 – 9.1.2017; 6) Suche und Angabe möglicher externer Finanzierungsquellen für Ausfuhrtätigkeiten und Finanzinstrumente zur Verringerung des Exportrisikos (Exportkredite, Garantie- und Garantiefonds, Zuschussfonds, Termingeschäfte usw.) vom 19.12.2016 – 9.1.2017; 7) Ausarbeitung und Lieferung des Dokuments „Geschäftsmodell der Internationalisierung PPH CERKAMED“ in elektronischer Form (DVD/CD) und Papier am 12.12.2016 – 16.1.2017. Auf der Grundlage des Verfahrens, das im Rahmen des Untersuchungsverfahrens gemäß den geltenden Leitlinien für die Förderfähigkeit von Ausgaben aus dem Europäischen Fonds für regionale Entwicklung, dem Europäischen Sozialfonds und dem Kohäsionsfonds für den Zeitraum 2014-2020 durchgeführt wurde, wurde der Auftragnehmer des Dienstleistungsunternehmens INNpuls Sp. z o.o. ausgewählt. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1145/3313831.3376244 | Autogain Gain Function Adaptation With Submovement Efficiency Optimization | A well-designed control-to-display gain function can improve pointing performance with indirect pointing devices like trackpads. However, the design of gain functions is challenging and mostly based on trial and error. AutoGain is a novel method to individualize a gain function for indirect pointing devices in contexts where cursor trajectories can be tracked. It gradually improves pointing efficiency by using a novel submovement-level tracking+optimization technique that minimizes aiming error (undershooting/overshooting) for each submovement. We first show that AutoGain can produce, from scratch, gain functions with performance comparable to commercial designs, in less than a half-hour of active use. Second, we demonstrate AutoGain's applicability to emerging input devices (here, a Leap Motion controller) with no reference gain functions. Third, a one-month longitudinal study of normal computer use with AutoGain showed performance improvements from participants' default functions. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1142/s0218271820420018 | The noise of gravitons | We show that when the gravitational field is treated quantum-mechanically, it induces fluctuations — noise — in the lengths of the arms of gravitational wave detectors. The characteristics of the noise depend on the quantum state of the gravitational field and can be calculated exactly in several interesting cases. For coherent states, the noise is very small, but it can be greatly enhanced in thermal and (especially) squeezed states. Detection of this fundamental noise would constitute direct evidence for the quantization of gravity and the existence of gravitons. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.chemgeo.2019.119279 | Volatile loss under a diffusion-limited regime in tektites: Evidence from tin stable isotopes | Tektites are glasses derived from near-surface continental crustal rocks that were molten and ejected from the Earth's surface during hypervelocity meteorite impacts. They are among the driest terrestrial samples, although the exact mechanism of water loss and the behaviour of other volatile species during these processes are debated. Based on the difference in magnitude of the Cu and Zn isotopic fractionations in tektites, and the difference of diffusivity between these elements, it was suggested that volatile loss was diffusion-limited. Tin is potentially well suited to testing this model, as it has a lower diffusivity in silicate melts than both Cu and Zn, but a similar volatility to Zn. Here, we analysed the Sn stable isotopic composition in a suite of seven tektites, representing three of the four known tektite strewn fields, and for which Zn and Cu isotopes were previously reported. Tin is enriched in the heavier isotopes (≥2. 5‰ on the 122Sn/118Sn ratio) in tektites, correlated with the degree of Sn elemental depletion in their respective samples as well as with Cu and Zn isotope ratios, implying a common control. While the isotope fractionation of Sn, Cu and Zn is a result of volatility, the magnitude of isotope fractionation is strongly moderated by their relative rates of diffusion in the molten tektite droplets. An Australasian Muong Nong-type tektite analysed has the least Sn depletion and Sn isotope fractionation, consistent with these samples being more proximal to the source and experiencing a shorter time at high temperatures. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W2170182599 | Physicochemical Characteristics of groundwater quality from Yola Area, Northeastern Nigeria | Some physicochemical parameters related to groundwater quality obtained from Yola Area of Northeastern Nigeria was investigated for the purpose of drinking and irrigation. An attempt was also made to develop linear regression equations to predict the concentration of water quality having significant correlation coefficients with electrical conductivity (EC). The TDS and EC has perfect correlation coefficients whereas Na+ and Cl-, are highly correlated in all the water sources. Furthermore while Ca2+ and HCO3 - are highly correlated in both the shallow and deep groundwater they have relatively lower correlation coefficients in the surface water samples. It was equally observed that Mg2+, Ca2+, NO3 -, Cl- and Fe are highly correlated with EC in surface water samples. The data also indicated that apart from surface water bodies Ca2+, NO3 -, Cl- and HCO3 - are poorly related with electrical conductivity at 5% level of significance. These data has shown that linear regression equations can be applied in predicting groundwater quality in any location. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
261248 | THE ENZYMATIC MACHINERY OF HUMAN MITOCHONDRIAL DNA MAINTENANCE | SUMMARY
Mitochondria are required to convert food into usable energy forms and every cell contains thousands of them. Unlike most other cellular compartments, mitochondria have their own genomes (mtDNA) that encode for 13 of the about 90 proteins present in the respiratory chain. All proteins necessary for mtDNA replication, as well as transcription and translation of mtDNA-encoded genes, are encoded in the nucleus. Mutations in nuclear-encoded proteins required for mtDNA maintenance is an important cause of neurodegeneration and muscle diseases. The common result of these defects is either mtDNA depletion or accumulation of multiple deletions of mtDNA in postmitotic tissues.
Research in my laboratory will elucidate the molecular mechanisms and regulation of mitochondrial DNA replication in human cells. We will establish how mtDNA is packaged into nucleoprotein complexes, a.k.a. nucleoids and establish how these nucleoids are selected for mtDNA replication. We will elucidate the molecular mechanisms by which specific mutations in the mtDNA replication machinery affect mtDNA maintenance and cause human disease.
Mitochondrial dysfunction is not limited to rare, genetic disorders, but also associated with age-associated common diseases as well as with the normal aging process. I will use my biochemical insights in combination with mouse genetics to address the hypothesis that increased mtDNA mutation load may be an important cause of normal aging.
My specific aims will be:
Aim 1. To define how initiation of mtDNA replication at OriH is regulated.
Aim 2. To identify and characterize regulators of mtDNA replication.
Aim 3. To characterize the structure and function of the mtDNA nucleoid in DNA replication.
Aim 4. To address the mitochondrial theory of ageing | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
GB 0900138 A | Speech filtering | A method and filter for filtering a speech signal for speech encoding in a communications network. The method comprises: determining a cut off frequency for a filter, wherein a component of the speech signal in a frequency range less than the cut off frequency is to be attenuated by the filter; receiving the speech signal at the filter S402; determining at least one parameter of the received speech signal, the at least one parameter providing an indication of the energy of the component of the received speech signal that is to be attenuated; and adjusting the cut off frequency in dependence on the at least one parameter S408, thereby adjusting the frequency range to be attenuated S410; wherein the at least one parameter comprises a pitch frequency of the speech signal which is determined from the determined pitch lag S406, and wherein the cut off frequency is adjusted to be no greater than the determined pitch frequency. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1128/mcb.01386-08 | Cold-Inducible RNA-Binding Protein Bypasses Replicative Senescence in Primary Cells through Extracellular Signal-Regulated Kinase 1 and 2 Activation | ABSTRACT
Embryonic stem cells are immortalized cells whose proliferation rate is comparable to that of carcinogenic cells. To study the expression of embryonic stem cell genes in primary cells, genetic screening was performed by infecting mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with a cDNA library from embryonic stem cells. Cold-inducible RNA-binding protein (CIRP) was identified due to its ability to bypass replicative senescence in primary cells. CIRP enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) phosphorylation, and treatment with an MEK inhibitor decreased the proliferation caused by CIRP. In contrast to CIRP upregulation, CIRP downregulation decreased cell proliferation and resulted in inhibition of phosphorylated ERK1/2 inhibition. This is the first evidence that ERK1/2 activation, through the same mechanism as that described for a Val12 mutant K-ras to induce premature senescence, is able to bypass senescence in the absence of p16
INK4a
, p21
WAF1
, and p19
ARF
upregulation. Moreover, these results show that CIRP functions by stimulating general protein synthesis with the involvement of the S6 and 4E-BP1 proteins. The overall effect is an increase in kinase activity of the cyclin D1-CDK4 complex, which is in accordance with the proliferative capacity of CIRP MEFs. Interestingly, CIRP mRNA and protein were upregulated in a subgroup of cancer patients, a finding that may be of relevance for cancer research. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1017/jfm.2013.416 | Pressure jump interface law for the Stokes-Darcy coupling: Confirmation by direct numerical simulations | It is generally accepted that the effective velocity of a viscous flow over a porous bed satisfies the Beavers-Joseph slip law. To the contrary, the interface law for the effective stress has been a subject of controversy. Recently, a pressure jump interface law has been rigourously derived by Marciniak-Czochra and Mikelić. In this paper, we provide a confirmation of the analytical result using direct numerical simulation of the flow at the microscopic level. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is the first numerical confirmation of the pressure interface law in the literature. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1109/RE.2014.6912247 | Protos Foundations For Engineering Innovative Sociotechnical Systems | We address the challenge of requirements engineering for sociotechnical systems, wherein humans and organizations supported by technical artifacts such as software interact with one another. Traditional requirements models emphasize the goals of the stakeholders above their interactions. However, the participants in a sociotechnical system may not adopt the goals of the stakeholders involved in its specification. We motivate, Protos, a requirements engineering approach that gives prominence to the interactions of autonomous parties and specifies a sociotechnical system in terms of its participants' social relationships, specifically, commitments. The participants can adopt any goal they like, a key basis for innovative behavior, as long as they interact according to the commitments. Protos describes an abstract requirements engineering process as a series of refinements that seek to satisfy stakeholder requirements by incrementally expanding a specification set and an assumption set, and reducing requirements until all requirements are accommodated. We demonstrate this process via the London Ambulance System described in the literature. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2800244642 | Urban-Rural Systems in Asia: A Research Agenda | These brief notes outline a research agenda for hybrid urban-rural regions in Asia. It emerges from work being undertaken by the Urban-Rural Systems team at the ETH Zurich’s Future Cities Laboratory in Singapore. All cities have their hinterlands of one kind or another. We are interested in the hinterlands of cities surrounded by tropical, wet-rice agriculture. Such hinterlands are typical of many parts of Asia, and they have very specific ecological, economic and demographic characteristics, which mean they interact with nearby urban centres in distinctive ways. Most notably, wet-rice agriculture supports relatively high population densities with fine-grained plot patterns. When urbanisation processes interact with such areas, the rural does not immediately give way to the urban and instead a hybrid rural-urban typology emerges. Sometimes dubbed desakota landscapes (Indonesian for ‘village’ and ‘city’), they are neither strictly urban nor rural in character, but a mixture of both. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1515/ans-2016-6005 | Refined regularity of the blow-up set linked to refined asymptotic behavior for the semilinear heat equation | We consider u (x,t) a solution of ∂tu = Δu + |u|p-1u which blows up at some time T > 0, where u : ℝN × [0,T) → ℝ, p > 1 and (N-2)p < N + 2. Define S ⊂ ℝN to be the blow-up set of u, that is, the set of all blow-up points. Under suitable non-degeneracy conditions, we show that if S contains an (N-ℓ-dimensional continuum for some ℓϵ{1,. . . ,N-1}, then S is in fact a 2 manifold. The crucial step is to make a refined study of the asymptotic behavior of u near blow-up. In order to make such a refined study, we have to abandon the explicit profile function as a first-order approximation and take a non-explicit function as a first-order description of the singular behavior. This way we escape logarithmic scales of the variable (T-t) and reach significant small terms in the polynomial order (T-t)μ for some μ > 0. Knowing the refined asymptotic behavior yields geometric constraints of the blow-up set, leading to more regularity on S. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
W1950724915 | SUMBER PENCEMAR YANG MEMPENGARUHI KUALITAS AIR SUNGAI MUMBUL DI KELURAHAN BANJARJAWA, KAMPUNG ANYAR KABUPATEN BULELENG | Sungai Mumbul is one of the potential water resources to be an alternative to meet the need for clean water in particular urban communities in Singaraja (Buleleng) including Banjar Jawa and Kampung Anyar, but its existence need protection from activities in their environment. The objectives of this re.search are: (1) to determine the physical, chemistry, and microbiology of water quality, (2) to determine 1he pollutant load in the sea/ocean, and (3) to determine the activity of people which decrease wate: quality of Sungai Mumbul. The sampling method was purposipe sampling in which the samples were, taken at 5 point.:; Q 0 (source of water), Q1 -out (Kaltag water) with a sampling frequency of once a day every two weeks for one month, On Qout, samples were taken 3 times: in the morning, afternoon and evening. Sampel were analys in laboratory. The results were compared with Bali Governor Regulation No. 8 of 2007 and water quality status of water quality refers to the the Environment Decree No 115 of 2003. Load of pollutants COD rrnc1. BOD s (laboratory measurements). Activities of communities obtained from observations by identifying the number of facilities. The results showed that, in general, water quality parameters of Sungai Mumbul such as temperature, TDS, pH, Sulfate, ammonia, and nitrates were still below the threshold quality standards, while the parameters of COD, BOD5, nitrites, sulfides, oils grease, faecal coliform and total coliform exceeded the quality standard, with quality status categories were polluted, and the total value/score was -30. The use of the residential waste disposal fasilities allowing a lower water quality of Sungai Mumbul the primary channel of 172 units (13:26%), the secondary channel of 426 units (32.85%), tertiary of 396 units (30.53%), and the internal channel of 303 units (23.36%) . Load pollutants that lead to the beach/ sea of Kampung Anyar for BOD 5 indicator was 434,12 kg/day, and COD load of 1,033 kg/day. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2001161627 | Dynein Associates with oskar mRNPs and Is Required For Their Efficient Net Plus-End Localization in Drosophila Oocytes | In order for eukaryotic cells to function properly, they must establish polarity. The Drosophila oocyte uses mRNA localization to establish polarity and hence provides a genetically tractable model in which to study this process. The spatial restriction of oskar mRNA and its subsequent protein product is necessary for embryonic patterning. The localization of oskar mRNA requires microtubules and microtubule-based motor proteins. Null mutants in Kinesin heavy chain (Khc), the motor subunit of the plus end-directed Kinesin-1, result in oskar mRNA delocalization. Although the majority of oskar particles are non-motile in khc nulls, a small fraction of particles display active motility. Thus, a motor other than Kinesin-1 could conceivably also participate in oskar mRNA localization. Here we show that Dynein heavy chain (Dhc), the motor subunit of the minus end-directed Dynein complex, extensively co-localizes with Khc and oskar mRNA. In addition, immunoprecipitation of the Dynein complex specifically co-precipitated oskar mRNA and Khc. Lastly, germline-specific depletion of Dhc resulted in oskar mRNA and Khc delocalization. Our results therefore suggest that efficient posterior localization of oskar mRNA requires the concerted activities of both Dynein and Kinesin-1. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/emboj.2011.286 | Endosome maturation | Being deeply connected to signalling, cell dynamics, growth, regulation, and defence, endocytic processes are linked to almost all aspects of cell life and disease. In this review, we focus on endosomes in the classical endocytic pathway, and on the programme of changes that lead to the formation and maturation of late endosomes/multivesicular bodies. The maturation programme entails a dramatic transformation of these dynamic organelles disconnecting them functionally and spatially from early endosomes and preparing them for their unidirectional role as a feeder pathway to lysosomes. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1099/mic.0.000293 | The Staphylococcus aureus polysaccharide capsule and Efb-dependent fibrinogen shield act in concert to protect against phagocytosis | Staphylococcus aureus has developed many mechanisms to escape from human immune responses. To resist phagocytic clearance, S. aureus expresses a polysaccharide capsule, which effectively masks the bacterial surface and surface-associated proteins, such as opsonins, from recognition by phagocytic cells. Additionally, secretion of the extracellular fibrinogen binding protein (Efb) potently blocks phagocytic uptake of the pathogen. Efb creates a fibrinogen shield surrounding the bacteria by simultaneously binding complement C3b and fibrinogen at the bacterial surface. By means of neutrophil phagocytosis assays with fluorescently labelled encapsulated serotype 5 (CP5) and serotype 8 (CP8) strains we compare the immunemodulating function of these shielding mechanisms. The data indicate that, in highly encapsulated S. aureus strains, the polysaccharide capsule is able to prevent phagocytic uptake at plasma concentrations <10 %, but loses its protective ability at higher concentrations of plasma. Interestingly, Efb shows a strong inhibitory effect on both capsule-negative and encapsulated strains at all tested plasma concentrations. Furthermore, the results suggest that both shielding mechanisms can exist simultaneously and collaborate to provide optimal protection against phagocytosis at a broad range of plasma concentrations. As opsonizing antibodies will be shielded from recognition by either mechanism, incorporating both capsular polysaccharides and Efb in future vaccines could be of great importance. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1038/nature20612 | Genome-wide changes in lncRNA, splicing, and regional gene expression patterns in autism | Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) involves substantial genetic contributions. These contributions are profoundly heterogeneous but may converge on common pathways that are not yet well understood. Here, through post-mortem genome-wide transcriptome analysis of the largest cohort of samples analysed so far, to our knowledge, we interrogate the noncoding transcriptome, alternative splicing, and upstream molecular regulators to broaden our understanding of molecular convergence in ASD. Our analysis reveals ASD-associated dysregulation of primate-specific long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), downregulation of the alternative splicing of activity-dependent neuron-specific exons, and attenuation of normal differences in gene expression between the frontal and temporal lobes. Our data suggest that SOX5, a transcription factor involved in neuron fate specification, contributes to this reduction in regional differences. We further demonstrate that a genetically defined subtype of ASD, chromosome 15q11. 2-13. 1 duplication syndrome (dup15q), shares the core transcriptomic signature observed in idiopathic ASD. Co-expression network analysis reveals that individuals with ASD show age-related changes in the trajectory of microglial and synaptic function over the first two decades, and suggests that genetic risk for ASD may influence changes in regional cortical gene expression. Our findings illustrate how diverse genetic perturbations can lead to phenotypic convergence at multiple biological levels in a complex neuropsychiatric disorder. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1098/rspb.2012.1874 | The effect of sexual harassment on lethal mutation rate in female
Drosophila melanogaster | The rate by which new mutations are introduced into a population may have far-reaching implications for processes at the population level. Theory assumes that all individuals within a population have the same mutation rate, but this assumption may not be true. Compared with individuals in high condition, those in poor condition may have fewer resources available to invest in DNA repair, resulting in elevated mutation rates. Alternatively, environmentally induced stress can result in increased investment in DNA repair at the expense of reproduction. Here, we directly test whether sexual harassment by males, known to reduce female condition, affects female capacity to alleviate DNA damage in
Drosophila melanogaster
fruitflies. Female gametes can repair double-strand DNA breaks in sperm, which allows manipulating mutation rate independently from female condition. We show that male harassment strongly not only reduces female fecundity, but also reduces the yield of dominant lethal mutations, supporting the hypothesis that stressed organisms invest relatively more in repair mechanisms. We discuss our results in the light of previous research and suggest that social effects such as density and courtship can play an important and underappreciated role in mediating condition-dependent mutation rate. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1021/acs.jpcc.7b09303 | Temperature Dependent Charge Carrier Dynamics in Formamidinium Lead Iodide Perovskite | The fundamental opto-electronic properties of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites are strongly affected by their structural parameters. These parameters are particularly critical in formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3), in which its large structural disorder leads to a non-perovskite yellow phase that hinders its photovoltaic performance. A clear understanding of how the structural parameters affect the opto-electronic properties is currently lacking. We have studied the opto-electronic properties of FAPbI3 using microwave conductivity measurements. We find that the mobility of FAPbI3 increases at low temperature following a phonon scattering behavior. Unlike methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3), there are no abrupt changes after the low-temperature β/γ phase transition and the lifetime is remarkably long. This absence of abrupt changes can be understood in terms of the reduced rotational freedom and smaller dipole moment of the formamidinium, as compared to methylammonium. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1063/1.4766390 | Structural Analysis Of Silicon Co Implanted With Carbon And High Energy Proton For The Formation Of The Lasing G Centre | We investigate a new approach for efficient generation of the lasing G-centre (carbon substitutional-silicon self-interstitial complex) which crucially is fully compatible with standard silicon ultra-large-scale integration technology. Silicon wafers were implanted with carbon and irradiated with high energy protons to produce self-interstitials that are crucial in the formation of the G-centre. Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and transmission electron microscopy were used to study the structure of the post-implanted silicon samples and to investigate the behaviour of the self-interstitials and damage introduced by the carbon and proton implantation. The effect of substrate pre-amorphisation on the G-centre luminescence intensity and formation properties was also investigated by implanting Ge prior to the carbon and proton irradiation. Photoluminescence measurements and RBS results show a significantly higher G-centre peak intensity and silicon yield, respectively, in samples without pre-amor. . . | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1126/science.1227356 | Theory and simulation in neuroscience | Modeling work in neuroscience can be classified using two different criteria. The first one is the complexity of the model, ranging from simplified conceptual models that are amenable to mathematical analysis to detailed models that require simulations in order to understand their properties. The second criterion is that of direction of workflow, which can be from microscopic to macroscopic scales (bottom-up) or from behavioral target functions to properties of components (top-down). We review the interaction of theory and simulation using examples of top-down and bottom-up studies and point to some current developments in the fields of computational and theoretical neuroscience. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/s42255-019-0097-9 | Prostaglandin signals from adult germline stem cells delay somatic ageing of Caenorhabditis elegans | A moderate reduction in body temperature can induce a remarkable lifespan extension. Here we examine the link between cold temperature, germline fitness and organismal longevity. We show that low temperature reduces age-associated exhaustion of germline stem cells (GSCs) in Caenorhabditis elegans, a process modulated by thermosensory neurons. Notably, robust self-renewal of adult GSCs delays reproductive ageing and is required for extended lifespan at cold temperatures (10 °C, 15 °C). These cells release prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) to induce cbs-1 expression in the intestine, increasing the somatic production of hydrogen sulfide, a gaseous signalling molecule that prolongs lifespan. Loss of adult GSCs reduces intestinal cbs-1 expression and cold-induced longevity, whereas application of exogenous PGE2 rescues these phenotypes. Importantly, tissue-specific intestinal overexpression of cbs-1 mimics cold-temperature conditions and extends longevity even at warm temperatures (25 °C). Thus, our results indicate that GSCs communicate with somatic tissues to coordinate extended reproductive capacity with longevity. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
interreg_3621 | Actors of the Earth | Alpine territory between Cuneo and Nice has a unique cultural and landscape heritage, rich of natural spaces and specific cultures. This patrimony is nowadays threatened by various factors as the depopulation, the aging of the population and a little flux of come back toward mountain areas of a young population who doesn’t have a sufficient knowledge his own territory. From this observation emerge a necessity of a rediscovery of historic traditions, of cultural point of forces and various landscapes of this territory.
From this, TERRACT project acts on Tende and Lombardie paths, Roya and Tinéé Valley. At the heart of the project is a training path for young actors of the local culture, in order to give them competences to tell and valorise the cultural, immaterial and natural heritage of the territory.
Formations are based on a methodology named the Social Theatre of Community, a form of art with cultural, psychosocial and well-being finalities, involving actively local communities. This action offer a rise of awareness of the territorial richness in which they live, but also competences to promote it, in order to make them protagonists of a process of empowerment and social inclusion.
Rediscovery, narratives and community are the key words of INTERRACT. The objective is to create a competences network and active new social networks, increasing in the same time the territorial marketing. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W2052720098 | Modeling and simulation of the comb structure in the presence of imperfections | Comb structures are widely used in MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical-System) devices, especially in MEMS gyroscope, which is used for electrostatic actuation or capacitive detection. This paper has studied the behavior of non-ideal comb structures. As the presence of fabrication imperfections, the defects like tilting and inclination of the finger are generated due to ICP etching. In this research, FEM (finite element method) model is built to simulate the behavior of comb structures. Impact of tilting of the comb finger is analyzed. For ideal comb structure, the electrostatic force should be applied exactly in drive direction (x-direction) and be independent of the displacement in this direction. When the comb finger has a tilting angle, the simulation result shows the electrostatic force will deflect the drive direction and be coupled to the displacement in drive direction. In addition, tilting of fingers results in large electrostatic forces in y-direction. The impact of inclination of comb finger is analyzed both in theory and simulation. The results indicate that the comb structure also provides displacement-independent electrostatic forces in drive direction under fingers inclination condition. However, the inclination result in fluctuation of drive force. The simulation results also indicate that with the increase of inclination angles, the fluctuation of drive force will become more serious and the out-of-plane forces will be larger, which may cause failure of MEMS devices. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
239993 | Sparse Structured Methods for Machine Learning | Machine learning is now a core part of many research domains, where the abundance of data has forced researchers to rely on automated information processing. In practice, today, machine learning techniques are applied in two stages: practitioners first build a large set of features; then, off-the-shelf algorithms are used to solve the appropriate prediction tasks, such as classification or regression. While this has led to significant advances in many domains, I believe that the potential of machine learning is far from being fulfilled. The tenet of this proposal is that to achieve the expected breakthroughs, this two-stage paradigm should be replaced by an integrated process where the specific structure of a problem is taken into account explicitly in the learning process. This will allow the consideration of massive numbers of features, in both numerically efficient and theoretically well-understood ways. I plan to attack this problem through the tools of regularization by sparsity-inducing norms. The scientific objective is thus to marry structure with sparsity: this is particularly challenging because structure may occur in various ways (discrete, continuous or mixed) and my targeted applications in computer vision and audio processing lead to large-scale convex optimization problems. My research program is expected to have a high impact on statistical machine learning research, notably by providing new solutions to the open problem of non-linear variable selection. Moreover, my general methodology will be directly applied to domains where the natural structure of data has been recognized as crucial but is still underused by learning techniques, namely computer vision (object recognition, image denoising) and audio processing (speech separation, music recognition). | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.molcel.2014.09.002 | Structural model of a CRISPR RNA-silencing complex reveals the RNA-target cleavage activity in Cmr4 | The Cmr complex is an RNA-guided endonuclease that cleaves foreign RNA targets as part of the CRISPR prokaryotic defense system. We investigated the molecular architecture of the P. furiosus Cmr complex using an integrative structural biology approach. We determined crystal structures of P. furiosus Cmr1, Cmr2, Cmr4, and Cmr6 and combined them with known structural information to interpret the cryo-EM map of the complex. To support structure determination, we obtained residue-specific interaction data using protein crosslinking and mass spectrometry. The resulting pseudoatomic model reveals how the superhelical backbone of the complex is defined by the polymerizing principles of Cmr4 and Cmr5 and how it is capped at the extremities by proteins of similar folds. The inner surface of the superhelix exposes conserved residues of Cmr4 that we show are required for target-cleavage activity. The structural and biochemical data thus identify Cmr4 as the conserved endoribonuclease of the Cmr complex. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.84.024106 | First-principles study of elastic properties of Cr- and Fe-rich Fe-Cr alloys | Elastic properties of substitutionally disordered Cr- and Fe-rich Fe-Cr alloys are derived from first-principles calculations using the exact muffin-tin orbitals method and the coherent potential approximation. A peculiarity in the concentration dependence of elastic constants in Fe-rich alloys is demonstrated and related to a change in the Fermi surface topology. Our calculations predict high values for the elastic constants of Cr-rich Fe-Cr alloys, but at the same time show that these alloys could be rather brittle according to the Pugh criterion (the ratio between shear and bulk moduli is calculated to be greater than 0. 5). | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/cctc.201900618 | Insight into the Role of Water on the Methylation of Hexamethylbenzene in H-SAPO-34 from First Principle Molecular Dynamics Simulations | The methylation of hexamethylbenzene with methanol is one of the key reactions in the methanol-to-olefins hydrocarbon pool reaction cycle taking place over the industrially relevant H-SAPO-34 zeolite. This methylation reaction can occur either via a concerted or via a stepwise mechanism, the latter being the preferred pathway at higher temperatures. Herein, we systematically investigate how a complex reaction environment with additional water molecules and higher concentrations of Brønsted acid sites in the zeolite impacts the reaction mechanism. To this end, first principle molecular dynamics simulations are performed using enhanced sampling methods to characterize the reactants and products in the catalyst pores and to construct the free energy profiles. The most prominent effect of the dynamic sampling of the reaction path is the stabilization of the product region where water is formed, which can either move freely in the pores of the zeolite or be stabilized through hydrogen bonding with the other protic molecules. These protic molecules also stabilize the deprotonated Brønsted acid site, created due to the formation of the heptamethylbenzenium cation, via a Grotthuss-type mechanism. Our results provide fundamental insight in the experimental parameters that impact the methylation of hexamethylbenzene in H-SAPO-34, especially highlighting and rationalizing the crucial role of water in one of the main reactions of the aromatics-based reaction cycle. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2112755027 | Education and Training of Referring Physicians Decreases At-Home Call Demand | Abstract Background Excessive, sometimes unnecessary consultation challenges the ophthalmology resident's ability to obtain adequate rest and personal time while taking at-home calls. Basic training of nonophthalmologists in assessing and treating common ophthalmic emergencies offers a potential solution to this problem by providing primary caregivers the knowledge base, tools, and confidence to manage them independently. Objective We measured ophthalmic consultation requests at a large teaching institution and the impact of an educational intervention on the number and type of requests. Methods During a 31-day period in 2009 all requests for urgent ophthalmic consultation were logged and characterized by reason, urgency, and source of the call. A 3-part educational intervention was targeted to residents and attending physicians in the departments of emergency medicine (half-day lecture and practice), anesthesiology (grand rounds lecture), and otolaryngology (guidelines for traumatic orbital fractures). Six months later we conducted a 26-day call log to evaluate the impact. Results Pre intervention, we received 63 total and 56 after-hours calls for urgent ophthalmic consultation as compared to 39 total and 35 after-hours calls post intervention. Ophthalmology residents reported seeing more urgent and fewer nonessential consultations in the postintervention period, and there was greater agreement between calling physicians' initial diagnosis and consulting physicians' final diagnosis. No adverse patient outcomes occurred as a result of the change in practices. Conclusion Basic education of nonophthalmologists in ophthalmic diagnostic and treatment concepts, through relatively brief educational interventions, was associated with a decrease in total consultation requests and more appropriate consultations in this pilot study at a single institution. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W2950055632 | Plan de negocios para la introducción del desengrasante Degry Speed BH de la empresa Lisolin S.A. en el nuevo segmento de mercado de estaciones de servicios a través de las comercializadoras que tienen su matriz en la ciudad de Guayaquil para el año 2019. | The company Lisolin SA is a company of national origin whose economic activity is the manufacture and marketing of cleaning chemicals for the industrial sector. The idea of introducing the Degry Speed BH degreaser into a new market for the company is proposed, as are the service stations in the city of Guayaquil that are served by their own marketers and thus expand their market niches and increase the sales of the degreaser that less turnover has in the industrial sector. This degreaser provides the characteristics and requirements that this new market requires, both in quality, performance, price and ecology. The following business plan shows the market study in which the degreaser is to be introduced in the city of Guayaquil, through field research and using the survey instrument it was possible to establish the needs and requirements of the distributors of fuel as well as the quantities that they consume and suppliers that supply them. With the compilation of this information the objective and the necessary strategies are established so that the interests of the company are fulfilled, such as the increase in sales of the degreaser and the introduction in a new market. It is established that one of the current vendors of the company attends this new market that wants to capture with the introduction of degreaser Degry Speed BH. For the implementation of this business plan will be financed in part with external contributions and another part with own resources of the company and this will be solved the working capital, administrative expenses and sales, production and distribution of the finished product. In the projection of financial statements and flows the results obtained are very favorable and the business plan is viable, having in the third year the recovery of the investment and a higher rate of return on the investment than if it were carried out in the financial system. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1063/1.3697859 | Development And Characterization Of Very Dense Submillimetric Gas Jets For Laser Plasma Interaction | We report on the characterization of recently developed submillimetric He gas jets with peak density higher than 1021 atoms/cm3 from cylindrical and slightly conical nozzles of throat diameter of less than 400 μm. Helium gas at pressure 300−400 bar has been developed for this purpose to compensate the nozzle throat diameter reduction that affects the output mass flow rate. The fast-switching electro-valve enables to operate the jet safely for multi-stage vacuum pump assembly. Such gaseous thin targets are particularly suitable for laser-plasma interaction studies in the unexplored near-critical regime. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
EP 91101747 A | Surgical staple. | The surgical staple consists of a bridge (1) and two legs (2, 3) which are provided at their ends with cutting edges (4, 5) and which, starting from the bridge (1), in each case first extend over a section (6, 7) in the manner of an arc of a circle and then extend in a straight line over a section (8, 9). In order to be able to implant a staple of this type as atraumatically as possible and to ensure that the so-called eversion of the wound margins to be closed using the staple is maintained, the leg sections (8, 9) extending in a straight line are aligned at an angle of 2.5 DEG </= alpha </= 10 DEG to the plane of symmetry (10) of the staple. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
CA 2814545 A | A MULTI-VEHICLE EXCAVATION SYSTEM | An excavation system utilizes a vacuum truck having a vacuum system in combination with a small backhoe to which an excavator assembly is affixed to the backhoe extendable and articulating arm whereby manipulation of the excavator assembly can be controlled by an operator positioned in the backhoe operator cab. The vacuum assembly and the excavator assembly are operatively attached by an elongated, at least partially flexible vacuum hose operatively attached to the vacuum truck pump to permit material that is excavated to be transported from the excavator assembly to the vacuum assembly for storage or disposal. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201731646 | Simulations Of Fully Deformed Oscillating Flux Tubes | Context. In recent years, a number of numerical studies have been focusing on the significance of the Kelvin–Helmholtz instability in the dynamics of oscillating coronal loops. This process enhances the transfer of energy into smaller scales, and has been connected with heating of coronal loops, when dissipation mechanisms, such as resistivity, are considered. However, the turbulent layer is expected near the outer regions of the loops. Therefore, the effects of wave heating are expected to be confined to the loop’s external layers, leaving their denser inner parts without a heating mechanism. Aim. In the current work we aim to study the spatial evolution of wave heating effects from a footpoint driven standing kink wave in a coronal loop. Methods. Using the MPI-AMRVAC code, we performed ideal, three dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations of footpoint driven transverse oscillations of a cold, straight coronal flux tube, embedded in a hotter environment. We have also constructed forward models for our simulation using the FoMo code. Results. The developed transverse wave induced Kelvin–Helmholtz (TWIKH) rolls expand throughout the tube cross-section, and cover it entirely. This turbulence significantly alters the initial density profile, leading to a fully deformed cross section. As a consequence, the resistive and viscous heating rate both increase over the entire loop cross section. The resistive heating rate takes its maximum values near the footpoints, while the viscous heating rate at the apex. Conclusions. We conclude that even a monoperiodic driver can spread wave heating over the whole loop cross section, potentially providing a heating source in the inner loop region. Despite the loop’s fully deformed structure, forward modelling still shows the structure appearing as a loop. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
interreg_2319 | Models of Integrated TOurism in the MEDiterranean | MITOMED promotes the integrated management of maritime and coastal tourism by improving the knowledge of data, products, services but also policies and thus pertaining to the sector through an assessed set of indicators based on the NECSTouR model. MITOMED provides a common working framework for tourism actors and stakeholders, thereby helping policy makers to make more informed and integrated decisions for the governance and management of tourism in the Mediterranean. By supporting sustainable and competitive tourism the project contributes to the objectives of the Integrated Maritime policy and of the Agenda for a sustainable and competitive European tourism of the European Union. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
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