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10.1109/TIT.2015.2449844 | On The Dispersions Of The Gel Fand Pinsker Channel And Dirty Paper Coding | This paper studies the second-order coding rates for memoryless channels with a state sequence known non-causally at the encoder. In the case of finite alphabets, an achievability result is obtained using constant-composition random coding, and by using a small fraction of the block to transmit the empirical distribution of the state sequence. For error probabilities less than 0. 5, it is shown that the second-order rate improves on an existing one based on independent and identically distributed random coding. In the Gaussian case (dirty paper coding) with an almost-sure power constraint, an achievability result is obtained using random coding over the surface of a sphere, and using a small fraction of the block to transmit a quantized description of the state power. It is shown that the second-order asymptotics are identical to the single-user Gaussian channel of the same input power without a state. | [
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.93.155161 | Electronic orders in multiorbital Hubbard models with lifted orbital degeneracy | We study the symmetry-broken phases in two- and three-orbital Hubbard models with lifted orbital degeneracy using dynamical mean-field theory. On the technical level, we explain how symmetry relations can be exploited to measure the four-point correlation functions needed for the calculation of the lattice susceptibilities. In the half-filled two-orbital model with crystal-field splitting, we find an instability of the metallic phase to spin-orbital order with neither spin nor orbital moment. This ordered phase is shown to be related to the recently discovered fluctuating-moment induced spin-triplet superconducting state in the orbitally degenerate model with shifted chemical potential. In the three-orbital case, we consider the effect of a crystal-field splitting on the spin-triplet superconducting state in the model with positive Hund coupling, and the spin-singlet superconducting state in the case of negative Hund coupling. It is demonstrated that for certain crystal-field splittings the higher energy orbitals instead of the lower ones are relevant for superconductivity, and that Tc can be slightly enhanced by the crystal-field effect. We comment on the implications of our results for the superconductivity in strontium ruthenates, and for the recently reported light-enhanced superconducting state in alkali-metal-doped fullerides. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.94.174107 | Strain in epitaxial MnSi films on Si(111) in the thick film limit studied by polarization-dependent extended x-ray absorption fine structure | We report a study of the strain state of epitaxial MnSi films on Si(111) substrates in the thick film limit (100-500 Å) as a function of film thickness using polarization-dependent extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). All films investigated are phase-pure and of high quality with a sharp interface between MnSi and Si. The investigated MnSi films are in a thickness regime where the magnetic transition temperature Tc assumes a thickness-independent enhanced value of ≥43 K as compared with that of bulk MnSi, where Tc≈29K. A detailed refinement of the EXAFS data reveals that the Mn positions are unchanged, whereas the Si positions vary along the out-of-plane [111] direction, alternating in orientation from unit cell to unit cell. Thus, for thick MnSi films, the unit cell volume is essentially that of bulk MnSi - except in the vicinity of the interface with the Si substrate (thin film limit). In view of the enhanced magnetic transition temperature we conclude that the mere presence of the interface, and its specific characteristics, strongly affects the magnetic properties of the entire MnSi film, even far from the interface. Our analysis provides invaluable information about the local strain at the MnSi/Si(111) interface. The presented methodology of polarization dependent EXAFS can also be employed to investigate the local structure of other interesting interfaces. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41591-018-0269-2 | Single cell dissection of plasma cell heterogeneity in symptomatic and asymptomatic myeloma | Multiple myeloma, a plasma cell malignancy, is the second most common blood cancer. Despite extensive research, disease heterogeneity is poorly characterized, hampering efforts for early diagnosis and improved treatments. Here, we apply single cell RNA sequencing to study the heterogeneity of 40 individuals along the multiple myeloma progression spectrum, including 11 healthy controls, demonstrating high interindividual variability that can be explained by expression of known multiple myeloma drivers and additional putative factors. We identify extensive subclonal structures for 10 of 29 individuals with multiple myeloma. In asymptomatic individuals with early disease and in those with minimal residual disease post-treatment, we detect rare tumor plasma cells with molecular characteristics similar to those of active myeloma, with possible implications for personalized therapies. Single cell analysis of rare circulating tumor cells allows for accurate liquid biopsy and detection of malignant plasma cells, which reflect bone marrow disease. Our work establishes single cell RNA sequencing for dissecting blood malignancies and devising detailed molecular characterization of tumor cells in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1039/c8ra04359k | Chemically-defined lactose-based autoinduction medium for site-specific incorporation of non-canonical amino acids into proteins | Optimized chemically-defined lactose-based autoinduction media for superior expression levels of proteins with non-canonical amino acids. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201731609 | Stellar streams as gravitational experiments | Kinematically cold tidal streams of globular clusters (GC) are excellent tracers of the Galactic gravitational potential at moderate Galactocentric distances, and can also be used as probes of the law of gravity on Galactic scales. Here, we compare for the first time the generation of such streams in Newtonian and Milgromian gravity (MOND). We first computed analytical results to investigate the expected shape of the GC gravitational potential in both frameworks, and we then ran N-body simulations with the Phantom of Ramses code. We find that the GCs tend to become lopsided in MOND. This is a consequence of the external field effect which breaks the strong equivalence principle. When the GC is filling its tidal radius the lopsidedness generates a strongly asymmetric tidal stream. In Newtonian dynamics, such markedly asymmetric streams can in general only be the consequence of interactions with dark matter subhalos, giant molecular clouds, or interaction with the Galactic bar. In these Newtonian cases, the asymmetry is the consequence of a very large gap in the stream, whilst in MOND it is a true asymmetry. This should thus allow us in the future to distinguish these different scenarios by making deep observations of the environment of the asymmetric stellar stream of Palomar 5. Moreover, our simulations indicate that the high internal velocity dispersion of Palomar 5 for its small stellar mass would be natural in MOND. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1145/2983323.2983808 | Finding News Citations For Wikipedia | An important editing policy in Wikipedia is to provide citations for added statements in Wikipedia pages, where statements can be arbitrary pieces of text, ranging from a sentence to a paragraph. In many cases citations are either outdated or missing altogether. In this work we address the problem of finding and updating news citations for statements in entity pages. We propose a two-stage supervised approach for this problem. In the first step, we construct a classifier to find out whether statements need a news citation or other kinds of citations (web, book, journal, etc. ). In the second step, we develop a news citation algorithm for Wikipedia statements, which recommends appropriate citations from a given news collection. Apart from IR techniques that use the statement to query the news collection, we also formalize three properties of an appropriate citation, namely: (i) the citation should entail the Wikipedia statement, (ii) the statement should be central to the citation, and (iii) the citation should be from an authoritative source. We perform an extensive evaluation of both steps, using 20 million articles from a real-world news collection. Our results are quite promising, and show that we can perform this task with high precision and at scale. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
887089 | Discovering susceptibility genes to rhizoctonia solani in rice as breeding targets for sheath blight disease resistance | Rice is a main staple food providing more than 50 percent of the world’s calories intake. However, grain yield and quality are drastically reduced by the sheath blight disease (ShBD), the second most important disease. ShBD is caused by the soilborne, necrotrophic fungal pathogen, Rhizoctonia solani. No rice germplasm providing complete resistance is available, preventing improvement of cultivated rice varieties. Generally, dominant resistance genes are used to generate resistance to pathogens. However, these narrow-spectrum genes can be easily overcome by pathogens. Therefore, the best approach to acquire broad-spectrum resistance is to employ altered susceptibility genes (S genes). S genes encode susceptibility factors, facilitate pathogen infection and support compatibility. The molecular mechanisms underlying susceptibility to R. solani are largely unknown. Recently, it has been recognized that necrotrophic pathogens have a short biotrophic phase during infection. In “RiZeSisT” -Rice rhiZoctonia reSisTance- I will identify rice S genes that are essential to establish the early (biotrophic) infection of R. solani. I will exploit mutated (incompatible) S gene(s) to generate resistance to ShBD. After this project we will generate non-GMO mutants for improving elite varieties for broad-spectrum resistance to ShBD.
KeyGene acts at the forefront of new technologies and traits to support the development of new and improved crops. Executing “RiZeSisT” at KeyGene, will enable me to use cutting-edge technologies, bioinformatics & data science expertise and plant-based trait platforms to discover the S genes. This is an innovative strategy that has not been used for this pathosystem. Furthermore, there is a high chance to translate my obtained knowledge to generate resistance to R. solani in additional relevant crops as maize, wheat, barley or soybean. The results of “RiZeSisT” will contribute to meet food security needs for our growing population. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
291062 | Innovative Concepts for Extracting climate and atmospheric composition records from polar ice cores using new LASER Sensors | ICE&LASERS propose to make a breakthrough in two challenges of paleoclimate science:
(1) Extending the Antarctic ice core records to 1.5 million years ago is critical to understand the unexplained climate shift from 40,000-year periodicities to 100,000-year ones, calling for a different climate sensitivity to orbital forcing. We propose to revolutionize ice core science by building an innovative probe making its own way into the ice sheet within a single field season, to measure in situ the depth profile of H2O isotopes in ice as well as greenhouse gas concentration in trapped gases, down to bedrock. This high gain/high risk project will allow us to rapidly qualify different “oldest ice” sites, and to immediately obtain the main climatic signals of interest;
(2) Why the atmospheric CO2 and CH4 concentrations varied by up to 40 and 100%, respectively, during glacial-interglacial cycles is still highly debated. We will combine revolutionary detectors with new extraction techniques to measure with unsurpassed accuracy and resolution the concentrations of CH4, CO2 and CO (a tracer related to the CH4 cycle), and the isotopic ratios of CO2 and CO in polar ice. We will constrain theories of past changes in the carbon cycle and of climate feedbacks, and will provide more insight into possible natural feedbacks under a warming future.
ICE&LASERS tackles both scientific challenges, thanks to an analytical revolution for measuring trace gases and their stable isotopes: Optical-Feedback Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (OFCEAS), recently patented by one of the four CNRS research units involved in the project. ICE&LASERS will contribute to maintain European ice core science at its current leading position, and to optimize the transfer of innovative laser physics to important environmental problems. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1088/0953-8984/23/4/045006 | Density Functional Study Of Vacancies And Surfaces In Metals | We compare the performances of three common gradient-level exchange-correlation functionals for metallic bulk, surface and vacancy systems. We find that approximations which, by construction, give similar results for the jellium surface, show large deviations for realistic systems. The particular charge density and density gradient dependence of the exchange-correlation energy densities are shown to be the reason behind the obtained differences. Our findings confirm that both the global (total energy) and the local (energy density) behavior of the exchange-correlation functional should be monitored for a consistent functional design. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
interreg_858 | Climate Change, Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in the Alpine Space | "Climate change, impacts and adaptation strategies in the Alpine Space” is a strategic project with the aim to give concrete input to a future Alpine Space Programme based on conclusions about the type of climate changes in the Alpine Space and its potential effects.
By a general assessment of historical climate changes and its impacts as well as by climate models, future scenarios and their effects on natural hazards, spatial development and key economic sectors (e.g. tourism, mobility, agriculture, forestry, settlements and industries) will be ascertained. Within four thematic Work Packages (besides obligatory WP 1-4) the project will cover different aspects of climate change in the Alpine Space and its surrounding lowlands.
Strategic recommendations shall be laid down in a synthesis work package as an input to a follow up programme. They will give hints for improving relevant policies, instruments and administrative structures particularly in the area of risk prevention and spatial planning as well as other sectors. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
Q2889323 | Program of attraction and fixation of entrepreneurs in the Alto Tâmega | This project, promoted by the Intermunicipal Community of Alto Tâmega (CIM-AT) in partnership with the Association of Alto Tâmega Councils (AMAT), has as its general objective the creation of a program to identify university students from the Upper Tâmega who are studying in other regions of the country and attract them to this region with a view to creating their own business. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W3189708189 | HUBUNGAN ANTARA BIAYA MADYA DENGAN EFISIENSI INDUSTRI GULA PASIR DI INDONESIA (ISIC 15421) | This research was aimed at identifying the relationship between the production cost and the efficiency level of sugar industry in Indonesia. This research used secondary data, that is, data on the development of production cost, value added, and output value within the period of 2001 - 2009, and efficiency theory. The research results show that the relationship was a negative kind. Such trend was caused by increased production cost; coefficient value of the cost was - 1.94 meaning that a 1% production cost increase caused a 1.94% efficiency decrease. This negative relationship was caused by the cost of raw material s and support materials. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
FR 2007000327 W | METHOD FOR FILTERING DIGITAL DATA AND IMPLEMENTING DEVICE | The invention concerns a method for filtering data in a digital network, the data being routed in a data stream from a host residing in an original geographical region and having an IP address, said method comprising the following steps: for one data stream (a) determining the IP address of said host initiating the data stream (S200); (b) determining from said IP address said host's original geographical zone (S201); (c) performing a filtering (S203, S204) on said data, said filtering being selected among a plurality of filtering actions determined based on a set of filtering criteria including the host's original geographical zone. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1958006595 | Management of Sleep Quality and Pain in an Individual Living with HIV and Hepatitis C Coinfection Using an Activity Monitor | Study Design: Case report. Background: Twenty-five percent of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) are also coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). There are limited reports to assist in the symptom management of PLWHA and HCV coinfection. Case Description: Our case was a 67-year-old man living with HIV/HCV coinfection and other medical complications. Our intervention consisted of a 6-week progressive conditioning program, while his activity and sleep pattern were monitored using a wrist accelerometer. Outcomes: After completing a conditioning training, there was a 64% decrease in the number of waking episodes per night and 68% decrease in activity at night. Based on Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores, the participant transitioned from being a “poor sleeper” to a “good sleeper.” A 40% decrease in pain was reported. Functional outcome measures also showed improvements. Discussion: There were improvements in the participant’s sleep quality and pain. The use of a commercial accelerometer may assist in objectively tracking compliance and activity changes. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W1987444579 | Adaptive background model for non-static background subtraction by estimation of the color change ratio | Background modeling, a preliminary processing step for foreground detection, is a challenging task because of the complexity and variety of background regions and unexpected scenarios such as sudden illumination changes, waving trees, rippling water, etc. In this work, we develop a pixel-based background modeling method that uses a probabilistic approach by means of changing color sequences. This method uses two background models in tandem. The first model uses a static background, which is obtained via a probabilistic approach and is a standard from which the foreground is extracted. The second method uses an adaptive background, which is modeled by the degree of color change. This background functions as an additional standard from which the foreground is extracted and is appropriate for eliminating non-static background elements. These models enable the developed method to automatically adapt to various environments. The algorithm was tested on various video sequences and its performance was evaluated by comparison with other state-of-the-art background subtraction methods. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-030-17659-4_13 | Efficient Verifiable Delay Functions | We construct a verifiable delay function (VDF). A VDF is a function whose evaluation requires running a given number of sequential steps, yet the result can be efficiently verified. They have applications in decentralised systems, such as the generation of trustworthy public randomness in a trustless environment, or resource-efficient blockchains. To construct our VDF, we actually build a trapdoor VDF. A trapdoor VDF is essentially a VDF which can be evaluated efficiently by parties who know a secret (the trapdoor). By setting up this scheme in a way that the trapdoor is unknown (not even by the party running the setup, so that there is no need for a trusted setup environment), we obtain a simple VDF. Our construction is based on groups of unknown order such as an RSA group, or the class group of an imaginary quadratic field. The output of our construction is very short (the result and the proof of correctness are each a single element of the group), and the verification of correctness is very efficient. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1096/fj.15-281675 | The inhibition of IGF-1 signaling promotes proteostasis by enhancing protein aggregation and deposition | The discovery that the alteration of aging by reducing the activity of the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) cascade protects nematodes and mice from neurodegeneration-linked, toxic protein aggregation (proteotoxicity) raises the prospect that IIS inhibitors bear therapeutic potential to counter neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, we reported that NT219, a highly efficient IGF-1 signaling inhibitor, protects model worms from the aggregation of amyloid β peptide and polyglutamine peptides that are linked to the manifestation of Alzheimer's and Huntington's diseases, respectively. Here, we employed cultured cell systems to investigate whether NT219 promotes protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in mammalian cells and to explore its underlying mechanisms. We found that NT219 enhances the aggregation of misfolded prion protein and promotes its deposition in quality control compartments known as "aggresomes. " NT219 also elevates the levels of certain molecular chaperones but, surprisingly, reduces proteasome activity and impairs autophagy. Our findings show that IGF-1 signaling inhibitors in general and NT219 in particular can promote proteostasis in mammalian cells by hyperaggregating hazardous proteins, thereby bearing the potential to postpone the onset and slow the progression of neurodegenerative illnesses in the elderly. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.3389/fimmu.2019.00931 | Biomaterial-based activation and expansion of tumor-specific T cells | Traditional tumor vaccination approaches mostly focus on activating dendritic cells (DCs) by providing them with a source of tumor antigens and/or adjuvants, which in turn activate tumor-reactive T cells. Novel biomaterial-based cancer immunotherapeutic strategies focus on directly activating and stimulating T cells through molecular cues presented on synthetic constructs with the aim of improving T cell survival, more precisely steer T cell activation and direct T cell differentiation. Synthetic artificial antigen presenting cells (aAPCs) decorated with T cell-activating ligands are being developed to induce robust tumor-specific T cell responses, essentially bypassing DCs. In this perspective, we approach these promising new technologies from an immunological angle, first by identifying the CD4+ and CD8+ T cell subtypes that are imperative for robust anti-cancer immunity and subsequently discussing the molecular cues needed to induce these cells types. We will elaborate on how biomaterials can be applied to stimulate T cells in vitro and in vivo to improve their survival, activation and function. Scaffold-based methods can also be used as delivery vehicles for adoptive transfer of T cells, including tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and chimeric antigen receptor expressing (CAR) T cells, while simultaneously stimulating these cells. Finally, we provide suggestions on how these insights could advance the field of biomaterial-based activation and expansion of tumor-specific T cells in the future. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Materials Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W1981390510 | Effects of extremely low frequency alternating-current magnetic fields on the growth performance and digestive enzyme activity of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus | Extremely low frequency magnetic field (ELF-MF), as a ubiquitous ecophysiological factor, has been determined to influence the health of human and animals worldwide. In this study, we focused on the effects of ELF-MF on growth performance and digestive enzyme activity in juvenile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Totally 450 fish were exposed to ELF-MF (50 Hz; 0, 30, 100, 150 and 200 μT) for 30 days, respectively. The effects on growth and digestion were monitored on the 10th, 20th, and 30th day after induction (immediate effect), as well as 20th day after cessation of exposure (delayed effect). The activities of pepsin and intestinal protease of tilapia were significantly decreased after exposure in certain intensities of ELF-MF, but recovered when the ELF-MF exposure was removed 20 days later. Similar effects were also observed in the growth parameters, moreover interestingly, the specific growth rate (SGR) even represented a compensatory growth. To our knowledge, the present research provides the first determination that a certain extent of ELF-MF exposure could inhibit the growth and digestion of fish, and cause compensatory restorations after being removed upon a time. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.brs.2016.04.003 | Investigating the Causal Role of rOFA in Holistic Detection of Mooney Faces and Objects: An fMRI-guided TMS Study | Background The right occipital face area (rOFA) is known to be involved in face discrimination based on local featural information. Whether this region is also involved in global, holistic stimulus processing is not known. Objective We used fMRI-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to investigate whether rOFA is causally implicated in stimulus detection based on holistic processing, by the use of Mooney stimuli. Methods Two studies were carried out: In Experiment 1, participants performed a detection task involving Mooney faces and Mooney objects; Mooney stimuli lack distinguishable local features and can be detected solely via holistic processing (i. e. at a global level) with top-down guidance from previously stored representations. Experiment 2 required participants to detect shapes which are recognized via bottom-up integration of local (collinear) Gabor elements and was performed to control for specificity of rOFA's implication in holistic detection. Results In Experiment 1, TMS over rOFA and rLO impaired detection of all stimulus categories, with no category-specific effect. In Experiment 2, shape detection was impaired when TMS was applied over rLO but not over rOFA. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that rOFA is causally implicated in the type of top-down holistic detection required by Mooney stimuli and that such role is not face-selective. In contrast, rOFA does not appear to play a causal role in detection of shapes based on bottom-up integration of local components, demonstrating that its involvement in processing non-face stimuli is specific for holistic processing. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System"
]
|
260964 | Physiology of the adult carotid body stem cell niche | The discovery of adult neural stem cells (NSCs) has broaden our view of the physiological plasticity of the nervous system,
and has opened new perspectives on the possibility of tissue regeneration and repair in the brain. NSCs reside in specialized
niches in the adult mammalian nervous system, where they are exposed to specific paracrine signals regulating their
behavior. These neural progenitors are generally in a quiescent state within their niche, and they activate their proliferation
depending on tissue regenerative and growth needs. Understanding the mechanisms by which NSCs enter and exit the
quiescent state is crucial for the comprehension of the physiology of the adult nervous system. In this project we will study
the behavior of a specific subpopulation of adult neural stem cells recently described by our group in the carotid body (CB).
This small organ constitutes the most important chemosensor of the peripheral nervous system and has neuronal glomus
cells responsible for the chemosensing, and glia-like sustentacular cells which were thought to have just a supportive role.
We recently described that these sustentacular cells are dormant stem cells able to activate their proliferation in response to a
physiological stimulus like hypoxia, and to differentiate into new glomus cells necessary for the adaptation of the organ.
Due to our precise experimental control of the activation and deactivation of the CB neurogenic niche, we believe the CB is
an ideal model to study fundamental questions about adult neural stem cell physiology and the interaction with the niche. We
propose to study the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these carotid body stem cells enter and exit the quiescent
state, which will help us understand the physiology of adult neurogenic niches. Likewise, understanding this neurogenic
process will improve the efficacy of using glomus cells for cell therapy against neurological disease, and might help us
understand some neural tumors. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
W2205483282 | Credible, resilient, and scalable detection of software plagiarism using authority histograms | Software plagiarism has become a serious threat to the health of software industry. A software birthmark indicates unique characteristics of a program that can be used to analyze the similarity between two programs and provide proof of plagiarism. In this paper, we propose a novel birthmark, Authority Histograms (AH), which can satisfy three essential requirements for good birthmarks-resiliency, credibility, and scalability. Existing birthmarks fail to satisfy all of them simultaneously. AH reflects not only the frequency of APIs, but also their call orders, whereas previous birthmarks rarely consider them together. This property provides more accurate plagiarism detection, making our birthmark more resilient and credible than previously proposed birthmarks. By random walk with restart when generating AH, we make our proposal fully applicable to even large programs. Extensive experiments with a set of Windows applications verify that both the credibility and resiliency of AH exceed those of existing birthmarks; therefore AH provides improved accuracy in detecting plagiarism. Moreover, the construction and comparison phases of AH are established within a reasonable time. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1109/TSP.2017.2695445 | Tensor Decompositions With Several Block Hankel Factors And Application In Blind System Identification | Several applications in biomedical data processing, telecommunications, or chemometrics can be tackled by computing a structured tensor decomposition. In this paper, we focus on tensor decompositions with two or more block-Hankel factors, which arise in blind multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) convolutive system identification. By assuming statistically independent inputs, the blind system identification problem can be reformulated as a Hankel structured tensor decomposition. By capitalizing on the available block-Hankel and tensorial structure, a relaxed uniqueness condition for this structured decomposition is obtained. This condition is easy to check, yet very powerful. The uniqueness condition also forms the basis for two subspace-based algorithms, able to blindly identify linear underdetermined MIMO systems with finite impulse response. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1038/cdd.2014.213 | Loss of JUNB/AP-1 promotes invasive prostate cancer | Prostate cancer is a frequent cause of male death in the Western world. Relatively few genetic alterations have been identified, likely owing to disease heterogeneity. Here, we show that the transcription factor JUNBAP-1 limits prostate cancer progression. JUNB expression is increased in low-grade prostate cancer compared with normal human prostate, but downregulated in high-grade samples and further decreased in all metastatic samples. To model the hypothesis that this downregulation is functionally significant, we genetically inactivated Junb in the prostate epithelium of mice. When combined with Pten (phosphatase and tensin homologue) loss, double-mutant mice were prone to invasive cancer development. Importantly, invasive tumours also developed when Junb and Pten were inactivated in a small cell population of the adult anterior prostate by topical Cre recombinase delivery. The resulting tumours displayed strong histological similarity with human prostate cancer. Loss of JunB expression led to increased proliferation and decreased senescence, likely owing to decreased p16 Ink4a and p21 CIP1 in epithelial cells. Furthermore, the tumour stroma was altered with increased osteopontin and S100 calcium-binding protein A89 expression, which correlated with poor prognoses in patients. These data demonstrate that JUNBAP-1 cooperates with PTEN signalling as barriers to invasive prostate cancer, whose concomitant genetic or epigenetic suppression induce malignant progression. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1016/j.concog.2018.03.012 | The prevalence and cognitive profile of sequence-space synaesthesia | People with sequence-space synaesthesia visualize sequential concepts such as numbers and time as an ordered pattern extending through space. Unlike other types of synaesthesia, there is no generally agreed objective method for diagnosing this variant or separating it from potentially related aspects of cognition. We use a recently-developed spatial consistency test together with a novel questionnaire on naïve samples and estimate the prevalence of sequence-space synaesthesia to be around 8. 1% (Study 1) to 12. 8% (Study 2). We validate our test by showing that participants classified as having sequence-space synaesthesia perform differently on lab-based tasks. They show a spatial Stroop-like interference response, they show enhanced detection of low visibility Gabor stimuli, they report more use of visual imagery, and improved memory for certain types of public events. We suggest that sequence-space synaesthesia develops from a particular neurocognitive profile linked both to greater visual imagery and enhanced visual perception. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
US 0000266 W | A PROCESS FOR PRODUCING VARIABLE DISPLACEMENT COMPRESSOR PISTONS HAVING HOLLOW PISTON BODIES AND INTEGRAL ACTUATOR RODS | Variable displacement pistons are produced wherein hollow piston bodies are integrally formed with associated actuator arms to ensure proper alignment of the bodies and rods. The process utilizes a two-axis press (40) to first form a pair of actuator arms (14', 14'') by working a blank of metallic material along a first axis (30) between opposing members (42, 44) of a die assembly. With the die assembly still closed after formation of the actuator arms (14', 14''), a pair of hollow piston bodies (12', 12'') are formed by extruding the remainder of the blank of metallic material along a second axis (32). The hollow piston bodies (12', 12'') are axially aligned and integrally formed with respective ones of the actuator arms (14', 14''). A piston head is welded to the end of each hollow piston body which is then machined. By separating the actuator arms from one another, a pair of variable displacement compressor pistons having hollow piston bodies axially aligned and integrally formed with respective actuator arms are thus formed. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2045556295 | Influence of pre-processing and distance on spectral classification: A simulation study | An investigation on the influence of pre-processing on the recognition of chemically similar areas in a spectral image, using simulated data. Fictitious spectra of mixtures of five components at varying concentrations were corrupted by different types of noise to mimic typical signals from Raman imaging. They were then processed by various combinations of pre-processing functions, including baseline correction, smoothing, normalization and Principal Components (PC) compression, and by two clustering algorithms ( k -means and agglomerative hierarchical clustering) to recognize the original mixtures. The clusters obtained by the different pre-processing combinations and distance metrics were evaluated by statistical parameters (Rand index and silhouette coefficient) and visual inspection. Perhaps the best performing on the basis of all considered criteria is the combination using an adaptive polynomial detrending, a slight smoothing, normalization by the total signal intensity and compression by 4 PCs (spanning 80% of the total variance). More detailed analysis was also carried out on subsets of the whole data with a particular type of noise and on the influence of each single pre-processing/clustering variable. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
US 2019/0050300 W | SYSTEMS AND METHODS FOR PLANT GROWING ENVIRONMENT | A system for growing plants includes a water circulation system connecting a plurality of deep water culture tanks in series and/or in parallel through which water is provided to plants housed in the tanks; a nanobubble generator for oxygenating the water; and a water cooling and disinfecting apparatus. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-68167-2_10 | The Density Of Linear Time Properties | Finding models for linear-time properties is a central problem in verification and planning. We study the distribution of linear-time models by investigating the density of linear-time properties over the space of ultimately periodic words. The density of a property over a bound n is the ratio of the number of lasso-shaped words of length n, that satisfy the property, to the total number of lasso-shaped words of length n. We investigate the problem of computing the density for both linear-time properties in general and for the important special case of \(\omega \)-regular properties. For general linear-time properties, the density is not necessarily convergent and can oscillates indefinitely for certain properties. However, we show that the oscillation is bounded by the growth of the sets of bad- and good-prefix of the property. For \(\omega \)-regular properties, we show that the density is always convergent and provide a general algorithm for computing the density of \(\omega \)-regular properties as well as more specialized algorithms for certain sub-classes and their combinations. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
AU 2024/200365 A | Apparatus, method, and computer program product for claim management device lockout | Abstract Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to electronic lockout of a client device, specifically to managing electronic lockout of a client device associated with a claim process via a device protection program management system and third-party 5 provider. In this regard, embodiments herein may process various data associated with determining whether to authorize a claim under a device protection program, and cause initiation of and/or termination of an electronic lockout of a client device depending on received data and/or lack of received data. In this regard, example embodiments include receiving a device claim request indication associated with a client device, where the 10 client device is associated with a functionality lockout state; initiating a claim associated with the client device; causing initiation of an electronic lockout of the client device; processing the claim to determine whether to authorize the claim; and causing updating of the electronic lockout based on the determination. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP05(2016)044 | Poisson Lie T Duality As A Boundary Phenomenon Of Chern Simons Theory | We give a “holographic” explanation of Poisson-Lie T-duality in terms of Chern-Simons theory (or, more generally, in terms of Courant σ -models) with appropriate boundary conditions. | [
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W1588643605 | A WFC3 GRISM EMISSION LINE REDSHIFT CATALOG IN THE GOODS-SOUTH FIELD | We combine HST/WFC3 imaging and G141 grism observations from the CANDELS and 3D-HST surveys to produce a catalog of grism spectroscopic redshifts for galaxies in the CANDELS/GOODS-South field. The WFC3/G141 grism spectra cover a wavelength range of 1.1<lambda<1.7 microns with a resolving power of R~130 for point sources, thus providing rest-frame optical spectra for galaxies out to z~3.5. The catalog is selected in the H-band (F160W) and includes both galaxies with and without previously published spectroscopic redshifts. Grism spectra are extracted for all H-band detected galaxies with H<24 and a CANDELS photometric redshift z_phot > 0.6. The resulting spectra are visually inspected to identify emission lines and redshifts are determined using cross-correlation with empirical spectral templates. To establish the accuracy of our redshifts, we compare our results against high-quality spectroscopic redshifts from the literature. Using a sample of 411 control galaxies, this analysis yields a precision of sigma_NMAD=0.0028 for the grism-derived redshifts, which is consistent with the accuracy reported by the 3D-HST team. Our final catalog covers an area of 153 square arcmin and contains 1019 redshifts for galaxies in GOODS-S. Roughly 60% (608/1019) of these redshifts are for galaxies with no previously published spectroscopic redshift. These new redshifts span a range of 0.677 < z < 3.456 and have a median redshift of z=1.282. The catalog contains a total of 234 new redshifts for galaxies at z>1.5. In addition, we present 20 galaxy pair candidates identified for the first time using the grism redshifts in our catalog, including four new galaxy pairs at z~2, nearly doubling the number of such pairs previously identified. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.epsl.2016.02.036 | Sensitivity of Pliocene Arctic climate to orbital forcing, atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf> and sea ice albedo parameterisation | General circulation model (GCM) simulations of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period (mPWP, 3. 264 to 3. 025 Myr ago) do not reproduce the magnitude of Northern Hemisphere high latitude surface air and sea surface temperature (SAT and SST) warming that proxy data indicate. There is also large uncertainty regarding the state of sea ice cover in the mPWP. Evidence for both perennial and seasonal mPWP Arctic sea ice is found through analyses of marine sediments, whilst in a multi-model ensemble of mPWP climate simulations, half of the ensemble simulated ice-free summer Arctic conditions. Given the strong influence that sea ice exerts on high latitude temperatures, an understanding of the nature of mPWP Arctic sea ice would be highly beneficial. Using the HadCM3 GCM, this paper explores the impact of various combinations of potential mPWP orbital forcing, atmospheric CO2 concentrations and minimum sea ice albedo on sea ice extent and high latitude warming. The focus is on the Northern Hemisphere, due to availability of proxy data, and the large data-model discrepancies in this region. Changes in orbital forcings are demonstrated to be sufficient to alter the Arctic sea ice simulated by HadCM3 from perennial to seasonal. However, this occurs only when atmospheric CO2 concentrations exceed 300 ppm. Reduction of the minimum sea ice albedo from 0. 5 to 0. 2 is also sufficient to simulate seasonal sea ice, with any of the combinations of atmospheric CO2 and orbital forcing. Compared to a mPWP control simulation, monthly mean increases north of 60°N of up to 4. 2 °C (SST) and 9. 8 °C (SAT) are simulated. With varying CO2, orbit and sea ice albedo values we are able to reproduce proxy temperature records that lean towards modest levels of high latitude warming, but other proxy data showing greater warming remain beyond the reach of our model. This highlights the importance of additional proxy records at high latitudes and ongoing efforts to compare proxy signals between sites. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuron.2014.11.006 | Pervasive axonal transport deficits in multiple sclerosis models | Impaired axonal transport can contribute to axon degeneration and has been described in many neurodegenerative diseases. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is acommon neuroinflammatory disease, which is characterized by progressive axon degeneration-whether, when, and how axonal transport is affected in this condition is unknown. Here we used invivo two-photon imaging to directly assay transport of organelles and the stability of microtubule tracks in individual spinal axons in mouse models of MS. We found widespread transport deficits, which precededstructural alterations of axons, cargos, or microtubules and could be reversed by acute anti-inflammatoryinterventions or redox scavenging. Our study shows that acute neuroinflammation induces a pervasive state of reversible axonal dysfunction, which coincides with acute disease symptoms. Moreover, perpetuated transport dysfunction, as we found in a model of progressive MS, led to reduced distal organelle supply and could thus contribute to axonal dystrophy in advanced stages of the disease. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
336564 | Visual Representations of the Third Plague Pandemic | The project will investigate how the emergence of photography as a new technology played a pivotal role in the wider acceptance of bacteriological explanations of pestilence in the course of the third plague pandemic (1855-1959) and how it transformed public consciousness of infectious disease, hygiene, and the role of international cooperation in the protection of public health, by establishing plague as a paradigmatic agent of death and disorder in the modern age, whilst, at the same time, opening up an era where the meaning of health emergencies is actively and publically negotiated on a cross-cultural global basis. The project will collect and analyse for the first time all visual documents of the third plague pandemic, which broke out in 1855 in Southwest China and raged across the globe until 1959, causing the death of approximately 12 million people. The project’s aim is to engage in a historical and anthropological analysis of this global network of visual representations, underlining how it played a crucial role in the negotiation of geopolitical, colonial and biopolitical relations at the turn of the 20th century, with great bearing on public health consciousness and the social imagination of a new era of globalised hygienic modernity. Research will focus on four regions: China and Japan; India; Africa; South and North America, the first investigated by the Principal Investigator, while the rest being allocated to 3 postdoctoral researchers, all employed full-time in the project. While investigating the visual record of plague in their respective regions, researchers will engage in a collaborative and interdisciplinary analysis of the entangled history of the visual representation of the third pandemic, taking as a common analytical ground 4 different but vitally interlinked aspects of the visual representation of the pandemic: a) the built environment; b) civil disturbance and public order; c) death, corpses and burial; d) race, class and discrimination. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1017/S0266267116000213 | Collective Obligations Group Plans And Individual Actions | If group members aim to fulfill a collective obligation, they must act in such a way that the composition of their individual actions amounts to a group action that fulfills the collective obligation. We study a strong sense of joint action in which the members of a group design and then publicly adopt a group plan that coordinates the individual actions of the group members. We characterize the conditions under which a group plan successfully coordinates the group members' individual actions, and study how the public adoption of a plan changes the context in which individual agents make a decision about what to do. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1978303118 | SU-GG-I-54: Patient-Specific Dosimetry for Pediatric X-Ray Computed Tomography | Purpose:CT radiation dose estimates are commonly reported as CTDI (mGy) values derived from measurements made with standard phantoms for a specific technique (kVp, mAs, collimation and pitch). Estimates of effective dose (mSv) are generally calculated from the dose‐length‐product (mGy cm) and a weighting factor that is also derived from a standardized model. These dose estimates are not patient specific and further, do not include dose estimates for specific organs. There is general agreement that there is a need for more accurate dose estimates for x‐ray computed tomography examinations in the pediatric patient. The purpose of our research is to investigate methods that can lead to more patient‐specific dosimetry.Methods and Materials: We used the Monte Carlo particle transport methods in the GEANT4 toolkit to investigate radiation dose estimates in patient‐matched deformable NURBS models (based on non‐uniform rational B‐spline surfaces) to determine if this method could accurately predict organ doses in specific pediatric patients. Validation was performed with patient CT scans for which several abdominal organs were hand‐segmented and the resultant voxel data used in the GEANT4 code. Results: Dose calculations were made for NURBS models that were chosen to be similar to previously acquired pediatric CT scans of the chest, abdomen and pelvis. With sufficient run time, the error in the radiation dose for most organs is on the order of 1–3%. Conclusion: The use of patient‐matched NURBS models may lead to accurate patient‐individualized, organ‐specific dosimetry for pediatric CT examinations. Patient‐matching to the most appropriate NURBS model is based on anatomical dimensions and landmarks thus allowing dose estimates to be made prior to any exposure. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/nn.3975 | Neural circular RNAs are derived from synaptic genes and regulated by development and plasticity | Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have re-emerged as an interesting RNA species. Using deep RNA profiling in different mouse tissues, we observed that circRNAs were substantially enriched in brain and a disproportionate fraction of them were derived from host genes that encode synaptic proteins. Moreover, on the basis of separate profiling of the RNAs localized in neuronal cell bodies and neuropil, circRNAs were, on average, more enriched in the neuropil than their host gene mRNA isoforms. Using high-resolution in situ hybridization, we visualized circRNA punctae in the dendrites of neurons. Consistent with the idea that circRNAs might regulate synaptic function during development, many circRNAs changed their abundance abruptly at a time corresponding to synaptogenesis. In addition, following a homeostatic downscaling of neuronal activity many circRNAs exhibited substantial up-or downregulation. Together, our data indicate that brain circRNAs are positioned to respond to and regulate synaptic function. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1039/C6NR06026A | A Modular Clamp Like Mechanism To Regulate The Activity Of Nucleic Acid Target Responsive Nanoswitches With External Activators | Here we demonstrate a general and modular approach to regulate the activity of target-responsive DNA-based nanoswitches. We do so by coupling together two DNA-based responsive elements: a triplex-forming clamp-like probe able to bind a specific DNA sequence and a split aptamer selected to bind a small molecule. In the presence of the specific target of one of the above responsive elements, the nanoswitch partially folds and its ability to bind the second target is restored. With this approach we can finely modulate the affinity of both DNA-recognition elements and aptamers using an external ligand. The modular nature of our strategy makes it easily generalizable to different DNA based recognition elements. As a demonstration of this we successfully designed five different DNA nanoswitches whose responsiveness can be regulated by different molecular effectors and targets. The convenience with which this mechanism is designed suggests that it may prove a useful tool by which sensors, genetic networks and other biotechnology devices employing nucleic-acid based receptors can be controlled with an external input. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1002/ejic.201701072 | Synthetic High-Valent M–O–X Oxidants | High-valent metal–oxygen species (M–O–X species, as opposed to terminal metal-oxo, M=O, species) have been found to constitute a large family of capable oxidants. Herein, synthetic high-valent complexes with hydroxide, alkoxide and other anionic O-atom ligands, as well as O–Lewis acid adducts, are reviewed with a focus on their reactivity. Mn, Fe and Ru complexes are described, as well as recent additions to the field containing late transition metals (Co, Ni, Cu). These species are competent in a range of oxidations, and in particular they are capable of hydrogen atom transfer from strong C–H bonds. We explore how their reaction mechanisms and oxidising potency are modulated by the O-atom ligand. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.3390/g5040191 | A note on the core of TU-cooperative games with multiple membership externalities | A generalization of transferable utility cooperative games from the functional forms introduced by von Neumann and Morgenstern (1944, Theory of Games and Economic Behavior) and Lucas and Thrall (1963, Naval Research Logistics Quarterly, 10, 281–298) is proposed to allow for multiple membership. The definition of the core is adapted analogously and the possibilities for the cross-cutting of contractual arrangements are illustrated and discussed. | [
"Mathematics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1016/j.molcel.2019.10.003 | Quality Control of Protein Complex Assembly by a Transmembrane Recognition Factor | The inner nuclear membrane (INM) is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) but harbors a distinctive proteome essential for nuclear functions. In yeast, the Asi1/Asi2/Asi3 ubiquitin ligase complex safeguards the INM proteome through the clearance of mislocalized ER membrane proteins. How the Asi complex selectively targets mislocalized proteins and coordinates its activity with other ER functions, such as protein biogenesis, is unclear. Here, we uncover a link between INM proteome identity and membrane protein complex assembly in the remaining ER. We show that lone proteins and complex subunits failing to assemble in the ER access the INM for Asi-mediated degradation. Substrates are recognized by direct binding of Asi2 to their transmembrane domains for subsequent ubiquitination by Asi1/Asi3 and membrane extraction. Our data suggest a model in which spatial segregation of membrane protein complex assembly and quality control improves assembly efficiency and reduces the levels of orphan subunits. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1111/2041-210X.12293 | Simultaneously estimating evolutionary history and repeated traits phylogenetic signal: Applications to viral and host phenotypic evolution | Summary: Phylogenetic signal quantifies the degree to which resemblance in continuously valued traits reflects phylogenetic relatedness. Measures of phylogenetic signal are widely used in ecological and evolutionary research and are recently gaining traction in viral evolutionary studies. Standard estimators of phylogenetic signal frequently condition on data summary statistics of the repeated trait observations and fixed phylogenetics trees, resulting in information loss and potential bias. To incorporate the observation process and phylogenetic uncertainty in a model-based approach, we develop a novel Bayesian inference method to simultaneously estimate the evolutionary history and phylogenetic signal from molecular sequence data and repeated multivariate traits. Our approach builds upon a phylogenetic diffusion framework that models continuous trait evolution as a Brownian motion process and incorporates Pagel's λ transformation parameter to estimate dependence among traits. We provide a computationally efficient inference implementation in the BEAST software package. We evaluate the synthetic performance of the Bayesian estimator of phylogenetic signal against standard estimators and demonstrate the use of our coherent framework to address several virus-host evolutionary questions, including virulence heritability for HIV, antigenic evolution in influenza and HIV, and Drosophila sensitivity to sigma virus infection. Finally, we discuss model extensions that will make useful contributions to our flexible framework for simultaneously studying sequence and trait evolution. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1016/j.jeconom.2014.04.023 | Empirical likelihood for regression discontinuity design | This paper proposes empirical likelihood based inference methods for causal effects identified from regression discontinuity designs. We consider both the sharp and fuzzy regression discontinuity designs and treat the regression functions as nonparametric. The proposed inference procedures do not require asymptotic variance estimation and the confidence sets have natural shapes, unlike the conventional Wald-type method. These features are illustrated by simulations and an empirical example which evaluates the effect of class size on pupils' scholastic achievements. Furthermore, for the sharp regression discontinuity design, we show that the empirical likelihood statistic admits a higher-order refinement, so-called the Bartlett correction. Bandwidth selection methods are also discussed. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2093511147 | By-example synthesis of architectural textures | Textures are often reused on different surfaces in large virtual environments. This leads to unpleasing stretch and cropping of features when textures contain architectural elements. Existing retargeting methods could adapt each texture to the size of their support surface, but this would imply storing a different image for each and every surface, saturating memory. Our new texture synthesis approach casts synthesis as a shortest path problem in a graph describing the space of images that can be synthesized. Each path in the graph describes how to form a new image by cutting strips of the source image and reassembling them in a different order. Only the paths describing the result need to be stored in memory: synthesized textures are reconstructed at rendering time. The user can control repetition of features, and may specify positional constraints. We demonstrate our approach on a variety of textures, from facades for large city rendering to structured textures commonly used in video games. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1242/dev.070730 | The hypoblast (visceral endoderm): an evo-devo perspective | When amniotes appeared during evolution, embryos freed themselves from intracellular nutrition; development slowed, the mid-blastula transition was lost and maternal components became less important for polarity. Extra-embryonic tissues emerged to provide nutrition and other innovations. One such tissue, the hypoblast (visceral endoderm in mouse), acquired a role in fixing the body plan: it controls epiblast cell movements leading to primitive streak formation, generating bilateral symmetry. It also transiently induces expression of pre-neural markers in the epiblast, which also contributes to delay streak formation. After gastrulation, the hypoblast might protect prospective forebrain cells from caudalizing signals. These functions separate mesendodermal and neuroectodermal domains by protecting cells against being caught up in the movements of gastrulation. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
268851 | Integral membrane proteins resolution of stoichiometry and structure | Our recent discovery, that large integral membrane protein complexes can survive intact in the mass spectrometer, prompts many new experiments to understand the mechanism of their release from micelles and to maximise the impact of this finding. We propose to examine the structure of membrane complexes after their release from micelles in the gas phase. We will apply ion mobility mass spectrometry to extract collision cross sections of membrane complexes of known structure and compare these with those calculated form atomic coordinates. Conditions will be optimised to minimise the distortion of structure. More controlled release of membrane complexes from micelles will be investigated using photo-activation. To do this we will explore properties of detergents incorporating chromophores, with infra red laser activation to activate the micelle selectively without perturbing the membrane protein complex. We also propose to develop methods for determining structures of lipids bound specifically in membrane protein interfaces and assess their effects on the stability and stoichiometry of the complex. To visualise these complexes in the absence of micelles we propose to 'soft land' membrane protein complexes on electron microscopy grids, targeting components by virtue of their mass to charge. We will apply these methods to some of the most challenging and controversial membrane protein complexes including EmrE, the intact ATP synthases, the M2 proton channel of the influenza A virus, the P-type ATPases and the ATP-sensitive potassium channel. Overall, through this ambitious program of research, we plan to shed new light on membrane protein complexes and the role of lipids and small molecules in stabilising and modifying their properties. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2892050015 | Systematic review of geochemical data from thermal springs, gas vents and fumaroles of Southern Italy for geothermal favourability mapping | Abstract In recent years, two research projects specifically conceived by Italian Institutions of Research to promote the implementation of the use of geothermal energy in Southern Italy has allowed the review of most data on chemical and isotopic compositions of natural thermal manifestations in the territory of Italy. Two large databases, one for thermal springs and CO2-rich springs, and a second one for fumarolic condensates and associated gas phase have been produced and are available on line, with data spanning in time from the early 70's to the present. We have used those data, after careful evaluation of the quality and reliability of them, to produce correlation diagrams and isodistribution maps of some relevant geochemical/geothermal parameters, such as: pCO2 in thermal springs, %CO2 and δ13C in CO2 of gas phases, 3He/4He ratio and %He. In this way, we have been able to delimit the areal patterns of thermal anomalies potentially related with geothermal reservoirs. The cross correlation among the many parameters (>40) selected has allowed the overview on the circulation of fluids at shallow crust, in one of the most active tectonic boundary of the Earth between the African and the Eurasian continents. Shallow circulation of hot fluids is particularly active in the Roman Comagmatic Province, the Neapolitan area and Sicily (both at Etna, Aeolian Archipelago and Pantelleria island in the Sicily Channel) where active geothermal systems are already known, whose areal extension is probably much larger than what envisaged at present. The geothermometric evaluation of data has not allowed to clearly identity new areas apart from those already known but, nevertheless, some areas in the inner Apennines, as well as Sicily and Sardinia have shown anomalous 3He/4He values that point to the presence of mantle fluids located inside the crust. Being most of active volcanic islands likely much smaller than the thermal anomaly they are associated with, a futuristic perspective of utilizing geothermal fluids off shore is suggested. Moreover, the database and the proposed maps can be a useful tool both scientific community and stakeholders to perform geothermal favourability maps and to identify potential new areas interesting from a geothermal perspective. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/srep46194 | Sequential Exposure to Obesogenic Factors in Females Rats: From Physiological Changes to Lipid Metabolism in Liver and Mesenteric Adipose Tissue | During their lifetime, females are subjected to different nutritional and hormonal factors that could increase the risk of obesity and associated comorbidities. From early postnatal periods until the postmenopausal phase, exposure to over nutrition, high-energy diet and oestrogen deficiency, are considered as significant obesity risk factors in women. In this study, we assessed how key transitional life events and exposure to different nutrition influence energy homeostasis in a rat model. Specifically, we assessed the sequential exposure to postnatal over nutrition, high-fat diet (HFD) after weaning, followed later by ovariectomy (OVX; as a model of menopause). Each obesity risk factor increased significantly body weight (BW) and adiposity, with additive effects after sequential exposure. Increased energy intake in both HFD and/or OVX groups, and decreased locomotor activity and energy expenditure after OVX can explain these metabolic changes. Our study also documents decreased lipogenic pathway in mesenteric adipose tissue after HFD and/or OVX, independent of previous postnatal programming, yet only HFD evoked this effect in liver. In addition, we report an increase in the expression of the hepatic PEPCK depending on previous metabolic status. Overall, our results identify the impact of different risk factors, which will help in understanding the development of obesity in females. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1161/ATVBAHA.118.311168 | Inactivation Of The E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Idol Attenuates Diet Induced Obesity And Metabolic Dysfunction In Mice | Objective- The E3 ubiquitin ligase IDOL (inducible degrader of the LDLR [LDL (low-density lipoprotein) receptor]) is a post-transcriptional regulator of LDLR abundance. Model systems and human genetics support a role for IDOL in regulating circulating LDL levels. Whether IDOL plays a broader metabolic role and affects development of metabolic syndrome-associated comorbidities is unknown. Approach and Results- We studied WT (wild type) and Idol(-/-) (Idol-KO) mice in 2 models: physiological aging and diet-induced obesity. In both models, deletion of Idol protected mice from metabolic dysfunction. On a Western-type diet, Idol loss resulted in decreased circulating levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin. This was accompanied by protection from weight gain in short- and long-term dietary challenges, which could be attributed to reduced hepatosteatosis and fat mass in Idol-KO mice. Although feeding and intestinal fat uptake were unchanged in Idol-KO mice, their brown adipose tissue was protected from lipid accumulation and had elevated expression of UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) and TH (tyrosine hydroxylase). Indirect calorimetry indicated a marked increase in locomotion and suggested a trend toward increased cumulative energy expenditure and fat oxidation. An increase in in vivo clearance of reconstituted lipoprotein particles in Idol-KO mice may sustain this energetic demand. In the BXD mouse genetic reference population, hepatic Idol expression correlates with multiple metabolic parameters, thus providing support for findings in the Idol-KO mice. Conclusions- Our study uncovers an unrecognized role for Idol in regulation of whole body metabolism in physiological aging and on a Western-type diet. These findings support Idol inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to target multiple metabolic syndrome-associated comorbidities. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.bpj.2013.09.057 | Long-lived intracellular single-molecule fluorescence using electroporated molecules | Studies of biomolecules in vivo are crucial to understand their function in a natural, biological context. One powerful approach involves fusing molecules of interest to fluorescent proteins to study their expression, localization, and action; however, the scope of such studies would be increased considerably by using organic fluorophores, which are smaller and more photostable than their fluorescent protein counterparts. Here, we describe a straightforward, versatile, and high-throughput method to internalize DNA fragments and proteins labeled with organic fluorophores into live Escherichia coli by employing electroporation. We studied the copy numbers, diffusion profiles, and structure of internalized molecules at the single-molecule level in vivo, and were able to extend single-molecule observation times by two orders of magnitude compared to green fluorescent protein, allowing continuous monitoring of molecular processes occurring from seconds to minutes. We also exploited the desirable properties of organic fluorophores to perform single-molecule Förster resonance energy transfer measurements in the cytoplasm of live bacteria, both for DNA and proteins. Finally, we demonstrate internalization of labeled proteins and DNA into yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, a model eukaryotic system. Our method should broaden the range of biological questions addressable in microbes by single-molecule fluorescence. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1981874722 | Modernisation, authoritarianism, and the environment: the politics of China’s South–North Water Transfer Project | China presents a paradox for scholars of environmental politics. Environmental politics and policymaking in China now includes elements critical to environmental protection in the West, including non-governmental participation and stringent environmental legislation. Yet the country’s authoritarian system constrains popular participation, and environmental outcomes are generally poor. China’s South–North Water Transfer Project (SNWTP) embodies this puzzle: despite the pluralisation and development of environmental politics and policymaking, the SNWTP is a technocratic mega-project that imposes high social, economic, and environmental costs. What explains this puzzle, and what are the implications for understanding environmental politics in other authoritarian developing countries? I evaluate two current theories – Ecological Modernisation and Authoritarian Environmentalism – against the SNWTP case, and argue that it illustrates the ability of governments to co-opt environmental politics to pursue other st... | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
644326 | Ground states, symmetries and dynamics of quantum many-body lattice systems | This project proposes a study of ground state phases of quantum lattice systems. The problem of detecting and describing quantum ground state phase transitions is a fundamental problem in the theory of quantum computing, where quantum information is stored in the ground state space of a many-body interaction. This study focuses on three avenues of research. The first is to investigate the stability of spectral gaps and the existence of symmetric invariants in 2D quantum spin systems. Such a program has already been carried out in frustration free models with local topological quantum order such as models with projected entangled pair ground states, but there remain important and open questions in more general models. The second direction is to study applications of quasi-adiabatic continuation methods to quantum lattice systems with unbounded Hamiltonians. These results would extend known results be applicable to models such as the quantum rotor and yield information about the adiabatic theorem in previously unknown cases. Lastly, the study focuses on propagation velocities and quasi-locality of many-body quantum dynamics. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1128/mbio.00151-12 | Restricted Gene Flow among Hospital Subpopulations of Enterococcus faecium | ABSTRACT
Enterococcus faecium
has recently emerged as an important multiresistant nosocomial pathogen. Defining population structure in this species is required to provide insight into the existence, distribution, and dynamics of specific multiresistant or pathogenic lineages in particular environments, like the hospital. Here, we probe the population structure of
E. faecium
using Bayesian-based population genetic modeling implemented in Bayesian Analysis of Population Structure (BAPS) software. The analysis involved 1,720 isolates belonging to 519 sequence types (STs) (491 for
E. faecium
and 28 for
Enterococcus faecalis
). E. faecium
isolates grouped into 13 BAPS (sub)groups, but the large majority (80%) of nosocomial isolates clustered in two subgroups (2-1 and 3-3). Phylogenetic and eBURST analysis of BAPS groups 2 and 3 confirmed the existence of three separate hospital lineages (17, 18, and 78), highlighting different evolutionary trajectories for BAPS 2-1 (lineage 78) and 3-3 (lineage 17 and lineage 18) isolates. Phylogenomic analysis of 29
E. faecium
isolates showed agreement between BAPS assignment of STs and their relative positions in the phylogenetic tree. Odds ratio calculation confirmed the significant association between hospital isolates with BAPS 3-3 and lineages 17, 18, and 78. Admixture analysis showed a scarce number of recombination events between the different BAPS groups. For the
E. faecium
hospital population, we propose an evolutionary model in which strains with a high propensity to colonize and infect hospitalized patients arise through horizontal gene transfer. Once adapted to the distinct hospital niche, this subpopulation becomes isolated, and recombination with other populations declines. IMPORTANCE
Multiresistant
Enterococcus faecium
has become one of the most important nosocomial pathogens, causing increasing numbers of nosocomial infections worldwide. Here, we used Bayesian population genetic analysis to identify groups of related
E. faecium
strains and show a significant association of hospital and farm animal isolates to different genetic groups. We also found that hospital isolates could be divided into three lineages originating from sequence types (STs) 17, 18, and 78. We propose that, driven by the selective pressure in hospitals, the three hospital lineages have arisen through horizontal gene transfer, but once adapted to the distinct pathogenic niche, this population has become isolated and recombination with other populations declines. Elucidation of the population structure is a prerequisite for effective control of multiresistant
E. faecium
since it provides insight into the processes that have led to the progressive change of
E. faecium
from an innocent commensal to a multiresistant hospital-adapted pathogen. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.143002 | Probing single-photon ionization on the attosecond time scale | We study photoionization of argon atoms excited by attosecond pulses using an interferometric measurement technique. We measure the difference in time delays between electrons emitted from the 3s2 and from the 3p6 shell, at different excitation energies ranging from 32 to 42eV. The determination of photoemission time delays requires taking into account the measurement process, involving the interaction with a probing infrared field. This contribution can be estimated using a universal formula and is found to account for a substantial fraction of the measured delay. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-017-02820-y | Novel Locally Active Estrogens Accelerate Cutaneous Wound Healing-Part | Estrogen deprivation is associated with delayed healing, while estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) accelerates acute wound healing and protects against development of chronic wounds. However, current estrogenic molecules have undesired systemic effects, thus the aim of our studies is to generate new molecules for topic administration that are devoid of systemic effects. Following a preliminary study, the new 17β-estradiol derivatives 1 were synthesized. The estrogenic activity of these novel compounds was evaluated in vitro using the cell line ERE-Luc B17 stably transfected with an ERE-Luc reporter. Among the 17β-estradiol derivatives synthesized, compounds 1e and 1f showed the highest transactivation potency and were therefore selected for the study of their systemic estrogenic activity. The study of these compounds in the ERE-Luc mouse model demonstrated that both compounds lack systemic effects when administered in the wound area. Furthermore, wound-healing experiments showed that 1e displays a significant regenerative and anti-inflammatory activity. It is therefore confirmed that this class of compounds are suitable for topical administration and have a clear beneficial effect on wound healing. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1109/TSP.2017.2725219 | Wideband Multiple Diversity Tensor Array Processing | This paper establishes a tensor model for wideband coherent array processing including multiple physical diversities. A separable coherent focusing operation is proposed as a preprocessing step in order to ensure the multilinearity of the interpolated data. We propose an alternating least squares algorithm to process tensor data, taking into account the noise correlation structure introduced by the focusing operation. We show through computer simulations that the estimation of direction of arrival and polarization parameters improves compared to existing narrowband tensor processing and wideband MUltiple SIgnal Classification. The performance is also compared to the Cramer-Rao bounds of the wideband tensor model. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1007/978-90-481-9268-7_4 | Fluorescence As A Tool To Understand Changes In Photosynthetic Electron Flow Regulation | This chapter investigates the use of chlorophyll a fluorescence to better understand changes in the regulation of photosynthetic electron transport. It describes the different electron pathways utilised by photosynthetic organisms, including pathways used in photosynthesis as well as alternative electron cycling (AEC). The major photoprotective processes are described, in particular, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) and its three components, energy-dependent quenching (qE), state-transition quenching (qT), and photoinhibition (qI). Fluorescence and NPQ responses to light stress are compared across a higher plant, diatom and cyanobacteria. Photosynthesis is a complex interaction of complementary processes making the identification and isolation of a particular photosynthetic pathway or process inherently difficult. Therefore, we describe the use of chemicals which allow for the differentiation of mechanistic photosynthetic processes, such as electron transport pathways, CO2 fixation and the use of trans-thylakoid proton gradients, which can be effectively understood and quantified using chlorophyll fluorescence detection techniques. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
Q13773 | Aquisição de tecnologias para empresas em fase de arranque LEICON MSL s.r.o. | O projeto apresentado conta com a aquisição de mesa CNC X-Y para materiais de corte com jato de água de alta pressão. Esta tecnologia irá expandir o parque de máquinas existente da empresa. A aquisição de novas tecnologias resultará principalmente na racionalização dos processos de produção e de trabalho, no aumento da produtividade, no aumento da automatização e numa maior flexibilidade da produção. Ao mesmo tempo, a empresa torna-se independente de alguns fornecedores externos. a. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.molcel.2016.07.011 | Cas3-Derived Target DNA Degradation Fragments Fuel Primed CRISPR Adaptation | Prokaryotes use a mechanism called priming to update their CRISPR immunological memory to rapidly counter revisiting, mutated viruses, and plasmids. Here we have determined how new spacers are produced and selected for integration into the CRISPR array during priming. We show that Cas3 couples CRISPR interference to adaptation by producing DNA breakdown products that fuel the spacer integration process in a two-step, PAM-associated manner. The helicase-nuclease Cas3 pre-processes target DNA into fragments of about 30–100 nt enriched for thymine-stretches in their 3′ ends. The Cas1-2 complex further processes these fragments and integrates them sequence-specifically into CRISPR repeats by coupling of a 3′ cytosine of the fragment. Our results highlight that the selection of PAM-compliant spacers during priming is enhanced by the combined sequence specificities of Cas3 and the Cas1-2 complex, leading to an increased propensity of integrating functional CTT-containing spacers. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201732160 | Low Frequency Photospheric And Wind Variability In The Early B Supergiant Hd 2905 | Despite the important advances in space asteroseismology during the last decade, the early phases of evolution of stars with masses above $\sim$15 M$_{\odot}$ have been only vaguely explored up to now. Our goal is to detect, analyze and interpret variability in the early-B type supergiant HD\,2905 using long-term, ground based, high resolution spectroscopy. We gather a total of 1141 high-resolution spectra covering some 2900 days. We complement these observations with the $Hipparcos$ light curve, which includes 160 data points obtained during a time span of $\sim$1200 days. We investigate spectroscopic variability of up to 12 diagnostic lines by using the zero and first moments of the line profiles. We perform a frequency analysis of both the spectroscopic and photometric dataset. HD\,2905 is a spectroscopic variable with peak-to-peak amplitudes in the zero and first moments of the photospheric lines of up to 15\% and 30 \kms, respectively. The amplitude of the line-profile variability is correlated with the line formation depth in the photosphere and wind. All investigated lines present complex temporal behavior indicative of multi-periodic variability with timescales of a few days to several weeks. The Scargle periodograms of the {\it Hipparcos\} light curve and the first moment of purely photospheric lines reveal a low-frequency amplitude excess and a clear dominant frequency at $\sim$0. 37 d$^{-1}$. In the spectroscopy, several additional frequencies are present in the range 0. 1 - 0. 4 d$^{-1}$. These may be associated with heat-driven gravity modes, convectively-driven gravity waves, or sub-surface convective motions. Additional frequencies are detected below 0. 1 d$^{-1}$. In the particular case of H$\alpha$, these are produced by rotational modulation of a non-spherically symmetric stellar wind. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W3000579552 | Digital Nullification of Visual Distortion to Quantify Metamorphopsia: A Pilot Study | To evaluate a novel digital method of metamorphopsia quantification in patients with symptomatic visual distortion as determined by M-CHARTS.In this institutional review board-approved, prospective, cross-sectional observational study, subjects were presented with an objectively straight dotted line that bisects a central fixation point. The subjects digitally altered the line's contour until it appeared straight. Calculation of the area between the original objectively straight line presented to the subject and their newly manipulated line was performed to determine the manipulated area under the curve (M-AUC).Sixty-two percent of test targets were fully or significantly straightened by affected subjects. M-AUC was significantly correlated with M-CHARTS scores in both the horizontal (P < .001) and vertical (P = .05) orientations.The deformation of an objectively straight line by a subject with metamorphopsia may be a viable way of both quantifying and spatially characterizing visual distortions. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2020;51:11-20.]. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
984628 | Reinventing fine chemicals synthesis: large-scale production of sparteine from lupin beans | Spartax Chemicals, a newly founded Portuguese company, has developed an innovative process for the large scale production of Sparteine, using as raw material a compound extracted from lupin processing wastewater. Enantiomerically pure sparteine is an exceptionally good enantioselective ligand for asymmetric synthesis that has found application not only in the field of synthetic organic chemistry but also in the development of synthetic routes for the preparation of commercial drugs and drug candidates, with the most prominent example being the anticonvulsant drug (S)-Pregabalin.
The SpartWISE process was developed to address the market need for reliable sources of both enantiomers of Sparteine. It is a well-documented fact that there is a cyclic stock rupture of enantiomerically pure Sparteine at the main chemical vendors. As a consequence, many researchers, both from academia and industry, have been forced to look inter alia for suppliers in the Asian market, which often do not comply with the standards of quality necessary for R&D purposes, or do not deliver the requested product in sufficient amount in due time.
Contrary to the state of the art approach, which relies on the cumbersome extraction and purification of small amounts of (-)-Sparteine available from a leguminous shrub, the SpartWISE technology offers a cost-effective process that can make this compound available on kilogram-scale with drastic reduction of production costs and with continuous production. Moreover, it also generates the even scarcer enantiomer (+)-Sparteine.
Our goal for the Phase 1 is to assess the feasibility and market potential for the large scale production and commercialisation of Sparteine. For that purpose, we will (a) assess all the costs of the scaling-up, (b) investigate the prospective customers for our products and (c) develop a detailed business plan for commercialisation. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
681405 | Dynamical magnetic excitations with spin-orbit interaction in realistic nanostructures | Nano-spin-orbitronics is an emerging and fast growing field that aims at combining three degrees of freedom − spin, charge and spin-orbit interaction − to explore new nanotechnologies stemming from fundamental physics. New magnetic phases of matter are investigated using, in particular, atomic design to tailor beneficial physical properties down to the atomic level. Storage, transport and manipulation of magnetic information within a small set of atoms does not only require a fundamental understanding of their ground-state properties from the perspective of quantum mechanics, but crucially also their dynamical excited states. We propose to go beyond the state of the art by investigating from first-principles the dynamical properties of chiral spin textures in nanostructures from 2-dimensions to 0-dimension with these nanostructures being deposited on different substrates where spin-orbit interaction plays a major role. Understanding their response to external dynamical fields (electric/magnetic) or currents will impact on the burgeoning field of nano-spin-orbitronics. Indeed, to achieve efficient manipulation of nano-sized functional spin textures, it is imperative to exploit and understand their resonant motion, analogous to the role of ferromagnetic resonance in spintronics. A magnetic skyrmion is an example of a spin-swirling texture characterized by a topological number that will be explored. This spin state has huge potential in nanotechnologies thanks to the low spin currents needed to manipulate it. Based on time-dependent density functional theory and many-body perturbation theory, our innovative scheme will deliver a paradigm shift with respect to existing theoretical methodologies and will provide a fundamental understanding of: (i) the occurrence of chiral spin textures in reduced dimensions, (ii) their dynamical spin-excitation spectra and the coupling of the different excitation degrees of freedom and (iii) their impact on the electronic structure. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1002/2016PA003029 | Carbon Isotope Offsets Between Benthic Foraminifer Species Of The Genus Cibicides Cibicidoides In The Glacial Sub Antarctic Atlantic | Epibenthic foraminifer δ13C measurements are valuable for reconstructing past bottom water dissolved inorganic carbon δ13C (δ13CDIC), which are used to infer global ocean circulation patterns. Epibenthic δ13C, however, may also reflect the influence of 13C-depleted phytodetritus, microhabitat changes, and/or variations in carbonate ion concentrations. Here, we compare the δ13C of two benthic foraminifer species, Cibicides kullenbergi and Cibicides wuellerstorfi, and their morphotypes, in three sub-Antarctic Atlantic sediment cores over several glacial-interglacial transitions. These species are commonly assumed to be epibenthic, living above or directly below the sediment-water interface. While this might be consistent with the small δ13C offset that we observe between these species during late Pleistocene interglacial periods (Δδ13C = -0. 19 ±0. 31 ‰, N =63), it is more difficult to reconcile with the significant δ13C offset that is found between these species during glacial periods (Δδ13C =-0. 76 ±0. 44‰, N =44). We test possible scenarios by analysing Uvigerina spp. δ13C and benthic foraminifer abundances: 1) C. kullenbergi δ13C is biased to light values, either due to microhabitat shifts or phytodetritus effects; and 2) C. wuellerstorfi δ13C is biased to heavy values, relative to long-term average conditions, for instance by recording the sporadic occurrence of less depleted deep water δ13CDIC. Neither of these scenarios can be ruled out unequivocally. However, our findings emphasize that supposedly epibenthic foraminifer δ13C in the sub-Antarctic Atlantic may reflect several factors rather than being a sole function of bottom water δ13CDIC, which directly bear on the interpretation of extremely light South Atlantic δ13C values at the last glacial maximum. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1088/2041-8205/789/2/L42 | Detection Of Supersonic Downflows And Associated Heating Events In The Transition Region Above Sunspots | IRIS data allow us to study the solar transition region (TR) with an unprecedented spatial resolution of 0. 33 arcsec. On 2013 August 30, we observed bursts of high Doppler shifts suggesting strong supersonic downflows of up to 200 km/s and weaker, slightly slower upflows in the spectral lines Mg II h and k, C II 1336 \AA, Si IV 1394 \AA, and 1403 \AA, that are correlated with brightenings in the slitjaw images (SJIs). The bursty behavior lasts throughout the 2 hr observation, with average burst durations of about 20 s. The locations of these short-lived events appear to be the umbral and penumbral footpoints of EUV loops. Fast apparent downflows are observed along these loops in the SJIs and in AIA, suggesting that the loops are thermally unstable. We interpret the observations as cool material falling from coronal heights, and especially coronal rain produced along the thermally unstable loops, which leads to an increase of intensity at the loop footpoints, probably indicating an increase of density and temperature in the TR. The rain speeds are on the higher end of previously reported speeds for this phenomenon, and possibly higher than the free-fall velocity along the loops. On other observing days, similar bright dots are sometimes aligned into ribbons, resembling small flare ribbons. These observations provide a first insight into small-scale heating events in sunspots in the TR. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
US 2005/0014770 W | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR DHCP-BASED AGREEMENT OF IP ADDRESSES TO SERVERS BASED ON GEOGRAPHIC IDENTIFIERS | A method of assigning IP addresses to a plurality of managed servers coupled is provided. A set of address correlations is stored, at least temporarily, at a management server coupled to the managed servers. Each address correlation comprises a correlation between one of a plurality of geographic identifiers and one of a plurality of IP addresses. Each geographic identifier identifies a possible physical location of a managed server. A geographic identifier at least partially identifying the physical location of the managed server is received at the management server from a particular managed server. The IP address corresponding to the received geographic identifier is determined from the set of address correlations and assigned to the particular managed server. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1130/G35724.1 | Paleocene Eocene Warming And Biotic Response In The Epicontinental West Siberian Sea | We present a Paleocene–Eocene (ca. 60–52 Ma) sea-surface temperature record from sediments deposited in the epicontinental West Siberian Sea. TEX86 paleothermometry indicates long-term late Paleocene (∼17 °C ca. 59 Ma) to early Eocene (26 °C at 52 Ma) sea-surface warming, consistent with trends previously observed for the Southern Ocean and deep oceans. Photic zone and seafloor anoxia developed as temperatures rose by 7 °C to ∼27 °C during the Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM). Based on paired palynological and TEX86 data, we suggest that the minimum temperature for the proliferation of Paleocene and early Eocene members of the dinoflagellate family Wetzelielloideae, which includes the PETM marker taxon Apectodinium , was ∼20 °C. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1364/OE.23.016416 | Femtosecond Scale Switching Based On Excited Free Carriers | We describe novel optical switching schemes operating at femtosecond time scales by employing free carrier (FC) excitation. Such unprecedented switching times are made possible by spatially patterning the density of the excited FCs. In the first realization, we rely on diffusion, i. e. , on the nonlocality of the FC nonlinear response of the semiconductor, to erase the initial FC pattern and, thereby, eliminate the reflectivity of the system. In the second realization, we erase the FC pattern by launching a second pump pulse at a controlled delay. We discuss the advantages and limitations of the proposed approaches and demonstrate their potential applicability for switching ultrashort pulses propagating in silicon waveguides. We show switching efficiencies of up to $50\%$ for $100$ fs pump pulses, which is an unusually high level of efficiency for such a short interaction time, a result of the use of the strong FC nonlinearity. Due to limitations of saturation and pattern effects, these schemes can be employed for switching applications that require femtosecond features but standard repetition rates. Such applications include switching of ultrashort pulses, femtosecond spectroscopy (gating), time-reversal of short pulses for aberration compensation, and many more. This approach is also the starting point for ultrafast amplitude modulations and a new route toward the spatio-temporal shaping of short optical pulses. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevLett.115.236601 | Fidelity Susceptibility Perspective on the Kondo Effect and Impurity Quantum Phase Transitions | The Kondo effect is a ubiquitous phenomenon appearing at low temperature in quantum confined systems coupled to a continuous bath. Efforts in understanding and controlling it have triggered important developments across several disciplines of condensed matter physics. A recurring pattern in these studies is that the suppression of the Kondo effect often results in intriguing physical phenomena such as impurity quantum phase transitions or non-Fermi-liquid behavior. We show that the fidelity susceptibility is a sensitive indicator for such phenomena because it quantifies the sensitivity of the system's state with respect to its coupling to the bath. We demonstrate the power of the fidelity susceptibility approach by using it to identify the crossover and quantum phase transitions in the one and two impurity Anderson models. The feasibility of measuring fidelity susceptibility in condensed matter as well as ultracold quantum gases experiments opens exciting new routes to diagnose the Kondo problem and impurity quantum phase transitions. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
647344 | Chromatin function in DNA Double Strand breaks repair: Prime, repair and restore DSB Inducible via AsiSI | Among the types of damage, DNA Double Strands Breaks (DSBs) are the most deleterious, as illustrated by the variety of human diseases associated with DSB repair defects. Repair of DSB into the chromatin context raises several questions that we aim to address in this proposal. Firstly, it is likely that the chromatin environment where a break occurs influences the choice of repair pathway. Since the different DSB repair mechanisms can lead to different ""scar"" on the genome, further studies are required to elucidate how chromatin structure regulates the targeting of DSB repair machineries. Secondly, DNA packaging into chromatin hinders detection and repair of DSBs and many chromatin modifications were recently identified as induced around DSBs to facilitate repair. However, a complete picture of the chromatin landscape set up at DSB, and more specifically the set of histone modifications associated with each repair pathway (""repair histone code"") is still awaited. In addition, whether and how damaged chromosomes are reorganized within the nucleus is still unknown. Finally, once repair has been completed, the initial chromatin landscape must be faithfully restored in order to maintain epigenome stability and cell fate.
Using an experimental system we recently developed (called DIvA for DSB Inducible via AsiSI), that allows the induction of multiple sequence-specific DSBs widespread across the genome, we propose to investigate these uncovered aspects of the relationship between chromatin and DSB repair. By high-throughput genomic and proteomic technologies, we will try (i) to understand the contribution of chromatin in the DSB repair pathway choice (PRIME), (ii) to describe more thoroughly the chromatin remodeling events and the spatial chromosomes reorganization, that occur concomitantly to DSB to promote adequate repair (REPAIR), and (iii) to elucidate the processes at work to restore epigenome integrity after DSB repair (RESTORE).
| [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1364/OL.39.002802 | Modal Symmetries At The Nanoscale A Route Toward A Complete Vectorial Near Field Mapping | We use symmetry considerations to understand and unravel near-field measurements, ultimately showing that we can spatially map three distinct fields using only two detectors. As an example, we create 2D field maps of the out-of-plane magnetic field and two in-plane fields for a silicon ridge waveguide. Furthermore, we are able to identify and remove polarization mixing of less than 1/30 of our experimental signals. Since symmetries are prevalent in nanophotonic structures and their near-fields, our method can have an impact on many future near-field measurements. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/3035918.3058743 | Alpine Efficient In Situ Data Exploration In The Presence Of Updates | The ever growing data collections create the need for brief explorations of the available data to extract relevant information before decision making becomes necessary. In this context of data exploration, current data analysis solutions struggle to quickly pinpoint useful information in data collections. One major reason is that loading data in a DBMS without knowing which part of it will actually be useful is a major bottleneck. To remove this bottleneck, state-of-the art approaches perform queries in situ, thus avoiding the loading overhead. In situ query engines, however, are index-oblivious, and lack sophisticated techniques to reduce the amount of data to be accessed. Furthermore, applications constantly generate fresh data and update the existing raw data files whereas state-of-the art in situ approaches support only append-like workloads. In this demonstration, we showcase the efficiency of adaptive indexing and partitioning techniques for analytical queries in the presence of updates. We demonstrate an online partitioning and indexing tuner for in situ querying which plugs to a query engine and offers support for fast queries over raw data files. We present Alpine, our prototype implementation, which combines the tuner with a query executor incorporating in situ query techniques to provide efficient raw data access. We will visually demonstrate how Alpine incrementally and adaptively builds auxiliary data structures and indexes over raw data files and how it adapts its behavior as a side-effect of updates in the raw data files. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W78248611 | Biotechnological strategies for engineering plants with durable resistance to fungal and bacterial pathogens | Publisher Summary Fungal and bacterial pathogens are a major threat to the yield of crop plants worldwide. Therefore, an important goal in plant science is the production of plants with broad-spectrum and durable resistance to microbial diseases. Potential strategies to reach this goal include classical or marker-assisted breeding and genetic engineering. This chapter reviews critical issues that should be considered in the design of transgenic technologies for durable and broad-spectrum resistance. Custom-made combinations of promoters and transgenes may be designed and tested for disease control. The focus of this discussion is on the choice of target genes to be expressed, on the number of genes to be employed, and on the control of their expression. Type and number of transgene(s), and the native or synthetic promoter(s) to be employed should be carefully selected according to the desired spectrum of disease resistance (narrow or broad), the nature (bacteria, fungi, or both), lifestyle (biotrophic or necrotrophic) and virulence strategies of the pathogens(s), and the genetic and physiological characteristics of the engineered crop. The efficient plant immune system relies both on preformed structural and chemical barriers, and on inducible defense responses that are activated by complex mechanisms of molecular recognition and cellular signal transduction. | [
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201117368 | The Kepler Characterization Of The Variability Among A And F Type Stars I General Overview | Context. The Kepler spacecraft is providing time series of photometric data with micromagnitude precision for hundreds of A-F type stars. Aims. We present a first general characterization of the pulsational behaviour of A-F type stars as observed in the Kepler light curves of a sample of 750 candidate A-F type stars, and observationally investigate the relation between γ Doradus (γ Dor), δ Scuti (δ Sct), and hybrid stars. Methods. We compile a database of physical parameters for the sample stars from the literature and new ground-based observations. We analyse the Kepler light curve of each star and extract the pulsational frequencies using different frequency analysis methods. We construct two new observables, “energy ”a nd “efficiency”, related to the driving energy of the pulsation mode and the convective efficiency of the outer convective zone, respectively. Results. We propose three main groups to describe the observed variety in pulsating A-F type stars: γ Dor, δ Sct, and hybrid stars. We assign 63% of our sample to one of the three groups, and identify the remaining part as rotationally modulated/active stars, binaries, stars of different spectral type, or stars that show no clear periodic variability. 23% of the stars (171 stars) are hybrid stars, which is a much higher fraction than what has been observed before. We characterize for the first time a large number of A-F type stars (475 stars) in terms of number of detected frequencies, frequency range, and typical pulsation amplitudes. The majority of hybrid stars show frequencies with all kinds of periodicities within the γ Dor and δ Sct range, also between 5 and 10 d −1 , which is a challenge for the current models. We find indications for the existence of δ Sct and γ Dor stars beyond the edges of the current observational instability strips. The hybrid stars occupy the entire region within the δ Sct and γ Dor instability strips and beyond. Non-variable stars seem to exist within the instability strips. The location of γ Dor and δ Sct classes in the (Teff ,l ogg)-diagram has been extended. We investigate two newly constructed variables, “efficiency ”a nd “energy”, as a means to explore the relation between γ Dor and δ Sct stars. Conclusions. Our results suggest a revision of the current observational instability strips of δ Sct and γ Dor stars and imply an investigation of pulsation mechanisms to supplement the κ mechanism and convective blocking effect to drive hybrid pulsations. Accurate physical parameters for all stars are needed to confirm these findings. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-018-06607-1 | The fungal peptide toxin Candidalysin activates the NLRP3 inflammasome and causes cytolysis in mononuclear phagocytes | Clearance of invading microbes requires phagocytes of the innate immune system. However, successful pathogens have evolved sophisticated strategies to evade immune killing. The opportunistic human fungal pathogen Candida albicans is efficiently phagocytosed by macrophages, but causes inflammasome activation, host cytolysis, and escapes after hypha formation. Previous studies suggest that macrophage lysis by C. albicans results from early inflammasome-dependent cell death (pyroptosis), late damage due to glucose depletion and membrane piercing by growing hyphae. Here we show that Candidalysin, a cytolytic peptide toxin encoded by the hypha-associated gene ECE1, is both a central trigger for NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent caspase-1 activation via potassium efflux and a key driver of inflammasome-independent cytolysis of macrophages and dendritic cells upon infection with C. albicans. This suggests that Candidalysin-induced cell damage is a third mechanism of C. albicans-mediated mononuclear phagocyte cell death in addition to damage caused by pyroptosis and the growth of glucose-consuming hyphae. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
335476 | Connexin and pannexin channels as drug targets and biomarkers in acute and chronic liver disease | The CONNECT project intends to contribute to the substantiation of the controversial scientific concept stating that hemichannels consisting of connexin32 and connexin43 as well as pannexin1 channels act as pathological pores. This hypothesis will be verified in the specific context of cell death and inflammation, both which are key features of acute liver failure and liver fibrosis. As such, the project is organised in 3 workpackages. In the first workpackage, connexin32, connexin43 and pannexin1 expression and activity will be studied in human and animal diseased liver tissue. The second workpackage is targeted towards the in vitro characterisation of recently generated inhibitors of hemichannels consisting of connexin32 and connexin43 as well as pannexin1 channels, namely Gap24, Gap19 and 10Panx1, respectively. Particular attention will be paid to their target selectivity and potential to reduce cell death and inflammation in liver-based in vitro models. The goal of the third workpackage is to test the in vivo extrapolation of the established in vitro findings. To this end, Gap24, Gap19 and 10Panx1 will be administered to animal models of acute liver failure or liver fibrosis, followed by evaluation of their outcome on cell death, inflammation and clinically relevant read-outs. The CONNECT project is anticipated to significantly impact the connexin and pannexin research area, as it foresees the development and optimisation of new tools and technology to study connexin hemichannels and pannexin channels. The clinical utility of this high risk/high gain project is dual, as it aspires the establishment of novel drug targets and tissue biomarkers for, respectively, the treatment and diagnosis of liver disease. However, given the generic nature of the driving concept, the outcome of the CONNECT project is equally of clinical relevance for a plethora of other pathologies. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
Q3897070 | Aider les entreprises enregistrées en vertu de la loi sur le tourisme en tant qu’organisateur de voyages ou agence de voyages à surmonter les conséquences économiques de la pandémie de COVID-19 | Aider les entreprises enregistrées en vertu de la loi sur le tourisme en tant qu’organisateur de voyages ou agence de voyages à surmonter les conséquences économiques de la pandémie de COVID-19 | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
206117 | New single-molecule techniques and their application in the study of DNA break repair | Unrepaired DNA breaks can lead to genomic instability or cell death. They occur frequently during normal cellular metabolism and are caused, for example, by the collapse or stalling of the replication fork in response to DNA damage. Proper DNA-end processing and handling are essential for the survival of the cell and prevention of carcinogenesis. Cells possess robust mechanisms to repair DNA breaks. One such DNA repair mechanism is homologous recombination where the sister chromatid is used as a template for the faithful repair of the DNA break. In Bacteria, this pathway is initiated when a DNA end is processed to a 3-ssDNA overhang terminated at a recombination hotspot (Chi) sequence. This is a substrate for formation of a RecA nucleoprotein filament that catalyses strand exchange to promote repair. Recent data implicate the AddAB helicase-nuclease and the SMC (Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes) complex in the DNA break processing mechanism of the model organism Bacillus subtilis. Interaction between these machines provides a molecular link between DNA dynamics and the initiation of DNA break processing that may co-ordinate replication fork collapse and DNA repair. Single-molecule manipulation and imaging techniques offer huge potential to investigate DNA break repair reactions in completely new ways, providing information that is inaccessible to conventional ensemble experiments. The aim of this project is two-fold: firstly, to develop novel biophysical instruments for fast Atomic Force Microscopy imaging in liquid and a combined Optical and Magnetic Tweezers setup; and secondly, to monitor and characterize the real-time dynamics of these DNA-repair processes using these new and complementary biophysical approaches. Single-molecule investigation will be supported by statistical analysis of the data and conventional bulk biochemical techniques. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1080/09581590903563573 | How Do We Move Forward On The Social Determinants Of Health The Global Governance Challenges | The final report of the WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health is the culmination of a huge analytical effort to review the evidence and produce clear policy measures for achieving health equity. Further consideration needs to be given to an effective political strategy for taking forward these measures. Framing health equity in relation to global health, linking it to other key policy priorities, recognising that normative differences rather than lack of evidence lies at the heart of the problem, creating an appropriate institutional form for taking forward the Commission's recommendations, being prepared to challenge the status quo in global governance, and reflecting on the strengths and limitations of WHO's role in global governance should be part of such a strategy. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
787320 | The Quantum Structure of Black Holes and the Recovery of Information | The detection of black-hole mergers in 2015 was a spectacular confirmation of General Relativity (GR). Yet, it is also in black holes that the fundamental conflict between GR and quantum mechanics (QM) is most acute. Black holes are known to have a vast entropy. Consistency with QM requires that the microstates giving rise to this entropy must be accessible at the horizon scale. However, GR coupled to field theory is incapable of supporting this horizon-scale microstructure! My work has shown that Microstate Geometries (MG’s), based in string theory and higher-dimensional field theory, have all the essential elements for supporting and encoding microstate data: MG’s are smooth, horizonless solutions in string theory that are identical to black holes on large scales but differ radically from the black holes of GR at the horizon scale.
I propose to launch a new, extensive study of the MG paradigm, focussing on the, as yet, unexplored dynamics of the microstructure in MG’s: (i) How infalling matter is absorbed and diffused into excitations of MG’s; (ii) How the excitations of MG’s, and the MG’s themselves, decay into some form of Hawking radiation that carries the microstructure data to infinity, thereby preserving quantum unitarity; (iii) How the large-scale, collective dynamics of microstructure interacts with matter in the horizon region and, particularly, how microstructure dynamics influences accretion disks and black-hole mergers. Progress will be achieved by analyzing the energy transfer between infalling probes and MG’s, computing the resulting excitations of the MG and the drag on infalling objects. The results will be re-expressed in a hydrodynamic form that can be applied to simulations of astrophysical black holes.
This proposal will thus solve the information paradox by providing a microscopic description of black-hole entropy at the horizon scale and this should lead to macroscopic, measurable signatures of the horizon-scale microstructure. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1109/JLT.2014.2382177 | Simple Method For The Elimination Of Polarization Noise In Botda Using Balanced Detection And Orthogonal Probe Sidebands | Polarization noise arises in Brillouin optical time-domain analysis due to the strong polarization sensitivity of stimulated Brillouin scattering. To avoid this noise, it turns out to be indispensable to perform some kind of polarization scrambling, either in the pump pulse, the probe signal or both. This is usually achieved using polarization scrambling/switching systems, which, being mechanical, tend to be not as robust as it would be desirable. In this paper, we propose a completely passive system, with no moving parts, to eliminate polarization noise in a BOTDA. It is based on the use of passive depolarization of the pump pulse together with balanced detection among orthogonally polarized Stokes and anti-Stokes bands of the probe signal. The setup requires no alignment readjustment over time and provides a performance similar to a conventional BOTDA using scrambler. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
256899 | Measurement of CP violation in the B_s system at LHCb | The Large Hadron collider (LHC) at CERN will be a milestone for the understanding of fundamental interactions and for the future of high energy
physics. Four large experiments at the LHC are complementarily addressing the question of the origin of our Universe by searching for so-called New Physics.
The world of particles and their interactions is nowadays described by the Standard Model. Up to now there is no single measurement from laboratory experiments which contradicts this theory. However, there are still many open questions, thus physicists are convinced that there is a more fundamental theory, which incorporates New Physics.
It is expected that at the LHC either New Physics beyond the Standard Model will be discovered or excluded up to very high energies, which would revolutionize the understanding of particle physics and require completely new experimental and theoretical concepts.
The LHCb (Large Hadron Collider beauty) experiment is dedicated to precision measurements of B hadrons (B hadrons are all particles containing a beauty quark).
The analysis proposed here is the measurement of asymmetries between B_s particles and anti-B_s particles at the LHCb experiment. Any New Physics model will change the rate of observable processes via additional quantum corrections. Particle antiparticle asymmetries are extremely sensitive to these corrections thus a very powerful tool for indirect searches for New Physics contributions. In the past, most of the ground-breaking findings in particle physics, such as the existence of the
charm quark and the existence of a third quark family, have first been observed in indirect searches.
First - still statistically limited - measurements of the asymmetry in the B_s system indicate a 2 sigma deviation from the Standard Model prediction. A precision measurement of this asymmetry is potentially the first observation for New Physics beyond the Standard Model at the LHC. If no hint for New Physics will be found, this measurement will severely restrict the range of potential New Physics models. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pgen.1005378 | The Influence of Age and Sex on Genetic Associations with Adult Body Size and Shape: A Large-Scale Genome-Wide Interaction Study | Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 100 genetic variants contributing to BMI, a measure of body size, or waist-to-hip ratio (adjusted for BMI, WHRadjBMI), a measure of body shape. Body size and shape change as people grow older and these changes differ substantially between men and women. To systematically screen for age- and/or sex-specific effects of genetic variants on BMI and WHRadjBMI, we performed meta-analyses of 114 studies (up to 320,485 individuals of European descent) with genome-wide chip and/or Metabochip data by the Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits (GIANT) Consortium. Each study tested the association of up to ~2. 8M SNPs with BMI and WHRadjBMI in four strata (men ≤50y, men >50y, women ≤50y, women >50y) and summary statistics were combined in stratum-specific meta-analyses. We then screened for variants that showed age-specific effects (G x AGE), sex-specific effects (G x SEX) or age-specific effects that differed between men and women (G x AGE x SEX). For BMI, we identified 15 loci (11 previously established for main effects, four novel) that showed significant (FDR<5%) age-specific effects, of which 11 had larger effects in younger (<50y) than in older adults (≥50y). No sex-dependent effects were identified for BMI. For WHRadjBMI, we identified 44 loci (27 previously established for main effects, 17 novel) with sex-specific effects, of which 28 showed larger effects in women than in men, five showed larger effects in men than in women, and 11 showed opposite effects between sexes. No age-dependent effects were identified for WHRadjBMI. This is the first genome-wide interaction meta-analysis to report convincing evidence of age-dependent genetic effects on BMI. In addition, we confirm the sex-specificity of genetic effects on WHRadjBMI. These results may provide further insights into the biology that underlies weight change with age or the sexually dimorphism of body shape. | [
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
US 9614416 W | NON-FOIL POLYMER COATED CARTON FOR PACKAGING FOOD AND NON-FOOD PRODUCTS | A non-foil composite structure is provided having a substantial barrier to the loss of moisture, oxygen, and organic vapor and which is easily sealable with a shelf-life to at least one year for food and non-food products during dry shelf storage, and which is environmentally friendly. The laminate may have, from the outer atmosphere exposed surface to the inner surface contacting the contents of the container; a first exterior layer of a low density polyethylene polymer (22); a paperboard substrate (20); a first interior layer laminate coating of nylon (24) with a tie layer (26); a second interior layer of low density polyethylene polymer (28); a third interior layer of high density polyehtylene polymer (30); and an innermost and product contacting layer of low density polyehtylene polymer (32). | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1109/TSC.2010.19 | An Integrated Workbench For Model Based Engineering Of Service Compositions | The Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) approach to building systems of application and middleware components promotes the use of reusable services with a core focus of service interactions, obligations, and context. Although services technically relieve the difficulties of specific technology dependency, the difficulties in building reusable components is still prominent and a challenge to service engineers. Engineering the behavior of these services means ensuring that the interactions and obligations are correct and consistent with policies set out to guide partners in building the correct sequences of interactions to support the functions of one or more services. Hence, checking the suitability of service behavior is complex, particularly when dealing with a composition of services and concurrent interactions. How can we rigorously check implementations of service compositions? What are the semantics of service compositions? How does deployment configuration affect service composition behavior safety? To facilitate service engineers designing and implementing suitable and safe service compositions, we present in this paper an approach to consider different viewpoints of service composition behavior analysis. The contribution of the paper is threefold. First, we model service orchestration, choreography behavior, and service orchestration deployment through formal semantics applied to service behavior and configuration descriptions. Second, we define types of analysis and properties of interest for checking service models of orchestrations, choreography, and deployment. Third, we describe mechanical support by providing a comprehensive integrated workbench for the verification and validation of service compositions. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1080/03461238.2019.1696885 | Generalized Log Normal Chain Ladder | We propose an asymptotic theory for distribution forecasting from the log-normal chain-ladder model. The theory overcomes the difficulty of convoluting log-normal variables and takes estimation err. . . | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
US 9710162 W | INHALER APPARATUS WITH MODIFIED SURFACES FOR ENHANCED RELEASE OF DRY POWDERS | This invention is an inhaler providing surface topology (202, 204) for minimizing the area of contact between the medicament (107) and the surfaces of the inhaler. The surfaces are preferably made of a material having a low surface energy, and more preferably, also having, when uncharged, no substantial van der Waals or electrostatic interaction with the medicament. Furthermore, the material is preferably substantially chemically unreactive with the medicament. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L14 | Sound Speed Inversion Of The Sun Using A Nonlocal Statistical Convection Theory | Helioseismic inversions reveal a major discrepancy in sound speed between the Sun and the standard solar model just below the base of solar convection zone. We demonstrate that this discrepancy is caused by the inherent shortcomings of the local mixing-length theory adopted in the standard solar model. Using a self-consistent nonlocal convection theory, we construct an envelope model of the Sun for sound-speed inversion. Our solar model has a very smooth transition from the convective envelope to the radiative interior; and the convective energy flux changes sign crossing the boundaries of the convection zone. It shows evident improvement over the standard solar model, with a significant reduction in the discrepancy in sound speed between the Sun and local convection models. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201937333 | Igaps The Merged Iphas And Uvex Optical Surveys Of The Northern Galactic Plane | The INT Galactic Plane Survey (IGAPS) is the merger of the optical photometric surveys, IPHAS and UVEX, based on data from the Isaac Newton Telescope (INT) obtained between 2003 and 2018. Here, we present the IGAPS point source catalogue. It contains 295. 4 million rows providing photometry in the filters, i, r, narrow-band Hα, g, and U_(RGO). The IGAPS footprint fills the Galactic coordinate range, |b| 5σ confidence). | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-06136-8_9 | Reduced Order Modelling Strategies For The Finite Element Approximation Of The Incompressible Navier Stokes Equations | In this chapter we present some Reduced-Order Modelling methods we have developed for the stabilized incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. In the first part of the chapter, we depart from the stabilized finite element approximation of incompressible flow equations and we build an explicit proper-orthogonal decomposition based reduced-order model. To do this, we treat the pressure and all the non-linear terms in an explicit way in the time integration scheme. This is possible due to the fact that the reduced model snapshots and basis functions do already fulfill an incompressibility constraint weakly. This allows a hyper-reduction approach in which only the right-hand-side vector needs to be reconstructed. In the second part of the chapter we present a domain decomposition approach for reduced-order models. The method consists in restricting the reduced-order basis functions to the nodes belonging to each of the subdomains. The method is extended to the particular case in which one of the subdomains is solved by using the high-fidelity, full-order model, while the other ones are solved by using the low-cost, reduced-order equations. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1068/p7728 | Integrating Shape Cues of Adiposity and Color Information When Judging Facial Health and Attractiveness | Facial cues of adiposity play an important role in social perceptions, such as health and attractiveness judgments. Although relatively low levels of adiposity are generally associated with good health, low levels of adiposity are also a symptom of many communicable diseases. Consequently, it may be important to distinguish between individuals displaying low levels of facial adiposity because they are in good physical condition and those displaying low levels of facial adiposity because they are ill. Integrating information from facial cues of adiposity with information from other health cues, such as facial coloration, may facilitate such distinctions. Here, participants rated the health and attractiveness of face images experimentally manipulated to vary in shape cues of adiposity and color cues associated with perceived health. As we had predicted, the extent to which faces with low levels of adiposity were rated more positively than faces with relatively high levels of adiposity was greater for faces with healthy color cues than it was for faces with unhealthy color cues. Such interactions highlight the integrative processes that allow us to distinguish between healthy and unhealthy individuals during social interactions, potentially reducing the likelihood of contracting infectious diseases. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
322705 | Function and computation in three-layer cortex | Understanding brain function is one of the outstanding challenges of modern biology. Many studies focus on mammalian neocortex, a modular and versatile structure that operates equally well with different sensory inputs and for perception, planning as well as action. Neocortex, however, is remarkably complex. It contains many cell types, six layers, networks with local and long-range connections, and its study is technically challenging. We propose here to address central issues of cortical computation using a simpler experimental system. Neocortex evolved from a more primitive cortex, likely present in the ancestors of all amniotes. Extant reptiles are closest to this putative ancestor: their cortex contains only three layers, two of which are nearly exclusively neuropilar. Reptilian cortex is also closest to mammals’ old cortices (piriform and hippocampus). Like in mammals, reptilian cortex is modular. Its design, however, is considerably simpler and more ubiquitous than in mammals. Indeed, so far as we know, reptilian primary olfactory and visual cortices are very similar to one another. Finally, certain reptiles such as turtles have evolved biochemical and metabolic adaptations to resist long periods of anoxia. Thus, their brains can be studied ex vivo over long periods, giving experimenters access to the entire brain with an intact retina or nasal epithelium. We will use this system to study cortical computation, primarily in visual and olfactory areas. Using electrophysiological, imaging, molecular, behavioral and computational methods, we will discover the representational strategies of these two cortices in vivo, the functional architecture of their microcircuits and the computations that they carry out. This understanding of generic and ancient units of cortical computation will illuminate our studies of more complex and sophisticated cortical circuits. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1145/2993259.2993262 | Calappa A Toolchain For Mining Android Applications | Software engineering researchers and practitioners working on the Android ecosystem frequently have to do the same tasks over and over: retrieve data from the Google Play store to analyze it, decompile the Dalvik bytecode to understand the behavior of the app, and analyze applications metadata and user reviews. In this paper we present CALAPPA, a highly reusable and customizable toolchain that allows researchers to easily run common analysis tasks on large Android application datasets. CALAPPA includes components to retrieve the data from different Android stores, and comes with a predefined, but extensible, set of modules that can analyze apps metadata and code. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2355109104 | Resource potential,exploration and development prospect of shale gas in the whole world | Shale gas which has been widely explored and developed in North America in recent years is a new nature gas source target.It has made a tremendous progress in unconventional nature gas exploration and development all over the world,and has become a typical unconventional nature gas resource which is the latest explored and the fastest development in the last year.Based on the course in North America and progresses in the world of shale gas exploration and development,this paper made an exposition of the main situation of shale gas exploration and development in the world and 5 typical geological characteristics of shale gas,and analyzed resource potential and distribution features of global shale gas,and forecasted 100×1012m3 of shale gas resource potential in China.Furthermore in the paper we also pointed out that the success of shale gas exploration and development in recent 10 years is the most stirring great achievement in oil-gas geological theories and engineering technologies.Shale gas resource is very abundant in the world.Its overall development would bring about a world-wide energy revolution.Finally the paper put forward four suggestions on speeding up shale gas development in China. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
852201 | A platform for rapidly mapping the molecular and systemic dynamics of aging | A central goal of molecular medicine is to understand how genetics, diet, and environment interact to determine health. However, most complex diseases arise from slow, stochastic changes involving large numbers of genes, making it difficult to systematically develop preventative therapies. To study the early and mid-life origins of late-life diseases, we need new methods capable of measuring the high-dimensional dynamics of physiologic change during aging.
C. elegans is a small, fast-aging animal and a powerful model for asking fundamental questions about the conserved molecular origins of complex diseases. However, it is not yet feasible to systematically collect molecular and phenotypic time-series at the precision and scale needed to build quantitative dynamic models of aging. Recently, I developed an automated microscopy and image processing technology that allows life-long observation of large populations. In this proposal, we develop this prototype into an integrative platform combining transcriptomic profiling, in vivo biosensors, and new imaging technology. Collecting data at multiple spatial scales—molecules, cells, individuals, and populations—we can map the causal steps through which slow, stochastic molecular changes drive increases in disease risk. We will then apply this method at scale to characterize all known lifespan-altering interventions in C. elegans, including many being explored for clinical application.
Combining molecular genetics with theoretic approaches, we will build quantitative models of how complex diseases emerge from slow molecular-level changes, and make methodological progress toward rapid characterization of the determinants of age-associated diseases. This work will help isolate the physiologic changes whose disruption delays aging and reduces disease risk, including new targets for preventative therapies. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W1989171410 | Building Local Capacity for Training and Coaching Data-Based Problem Solving With Positive Behavior Intervention and Support Teams | Positive Behavior Intervention and Support Teams use data to guide decisions about student social and academic behavior problems. In previous evaluation and research efforts, the authors taught team members to use Team-Initiated Problem Solving, a model that embeds data-based decision making into a broader problem-solving framework. In this study, the authors taught local trainer/coaches to deliver the problem-solving workshop to Positive Behavior Intervention and Support Team members. Trainer/coaches delivered the workshop and follow-up technical assistance with fidelity, and team members subsequently (a) used the problem-solving procedures in their meetings and (b) perceived positive differences between their pre- and postworkshop meetings. The study provides support for developing local capacity to deliver training and coaching, in particular as it concerns data-based decision making and problem solving. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1016/j.epsl.2010.01.010 | Old Sm-Nd ages for cumulate eucrites and redetermination of the solar system initial <sup>146</sup>Sm/<sup>144</sup>Sm ratio | Short-lived 146Sm-142Nd and long-lived 147Sm-143Nd chronometers have been measured in three cumulate eucrites (Binda, Moore County and Moama). The two major mineral phases (plagioclase and pyroxene) present in these achondrites are characterized by a wide range of Sm/Nd ratios that allows well-resolved Sm-Nd isochrons. This group of meteorites thus is suitable to better constrain the initial 146Sm/144Sm ratio of the solar system. Binda and Moore County give concordant ages of 4544 ± 88 and 4542 ± 85 Ma, respectively, with initial 143Nd/144Nd ratios slightly higher, to within error, of chondritic. These ages are in agreement with most of the radiometric ages determined on basaltic eucrites. A best estimate for the solar system initial 146Sm/144Sm ratio is obtained using the five-point regression line determined for Binda. The 146Sm/144Sm ratio of 0. 00728 ± 57 obtained for this sample translates to a 146Sm/144Sm ratio at 4568 Ga of 0. 0085 considering the age of isotopic closure obtained from 147Sm-143Nd systematics. When 146Sm-142Nd data from the literature are examined in detail, four eucrites have concordant 147Sm-143Nd and 146Sm-142Nd systematics. Their weighted average 147Sm-143Nd age is equal to 4546 ± 8 Ma. An initial 146Sm/144Sm ratio at 4568 Ma calculated from these samples is 0. 0084 ± 0. 0005. A similar ratio of 0. 0085 ± 0. 0007 is calculated if data from different groups of achondrites (angrite and mesosiderite) are included in the calculation. No difference in the 146Sm/144Sm ratios or initial 142Nd/144Nd ratios is observed among different groups of achondrites relative to ordinary chondrites. This work suggests that 146Sm was homogeneously distributed and that both Sm and Nd were isotopically uniform at the planetary scale in the solar system, at least in the region around where these planetary bodies formed. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
Q4242213 | PROCESS INNOVATION IN FERRALL SRL | THE PROJECT THAT FERRALL SRL INTENDS TO CREATE STEMS FROM THE — NEED AND OPPORTUNITY TO ADAPT THE PRODUCTION PROCESS TO MARKET NEEDS. CURRENTLY, THE COMPANY USES OBSOLETE TECHNOLOGIES THAT DO NOT ALLOW IT TO KEEP UP WITH THE TIMES, TO THE DETRIMENT OF THE — OPTIMISATION OF THE PRODUCTION PROCESS AND THE RATIONALISATION OF COSTS. DEPENDING ON THIS, THE — COMPANY HAS DECIDED TO SEIZE THE — OPPORTUNITY AND PROCEED TO — PURCHASE A LATEST GENERATION FIBER LASER CUTTING MACHINE THAT, THANKS TO THE MOST INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGY, ALLOWS TO OPTIMISE ENERGY CONSUMPTION AND INCREASE THE CUTTING CAPACITY IN TERMS OF TIME, WITHOUT AFFECTING THE PRECISION OF THE CUTTING, INDEED INCREASING QUALITY. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
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