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W2059214782 | A guide to writing articles in energy science | Abstract Energy science addresses key questions of sustainable development. This suggests that energy scientists should communicate their research effectively with readers both from within and outside of the scientific community. In the communication of energy science, however, scientific writing potentially presents a weak link. Here, we address this problem by clarifying the principle conventions for writing articles in energy science. We propose a top-down approach to writing that begins with structuring the article into sections. Each section should, in turn, be structured in and of itself so that readers can: (i) comprehend the scientific context; (ii) grasp the research questions addressed; (iii) verify methods and results; and (iv) understand the significance of the results. Subsequently, authors should ensure clarity of their scientific arguments by: (i) presenting existing information at the beginning of a sentence and new information at the sentence’s end; (ii) articulating action with appropriate verbs, preferably in active voice; (iii) placing statements in positive form; and (iv) using consistent technical terminology. Substantial text revisions constitute an indispensable part of scientific writing and enable authors to make their exposition concise. Following the conventions outlined in this article can make writing easier, more efficient, and enables energy scientists to communicate their research effectively with a wide audience. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1111/1365-2435.13101 | The Impact Of Development On Patterns Of Nutrient Limitation | Development is often accompanied by major changes in an organism's functioning and in the way it interacts with its environment. We consider how developmental events such as allocation changes at maturity, ontogenetic diet shift or metamorphosis may affect the likelihood and nature of nutrient limitation and explore the consequences of these changes in nutrient limitation for individual life history and patterns of biomass production. To this purpose, we develop a general model for individual growth and reproduction that is based on the assumption that biomass production and metabolism require several nutrients and that individuals may require them in different proportion at different stages of their lives. We parameterize this model for Daphnia based on its physiological requirements for carbon (C) and phosphorus (P). Growth and reproduction have different nutrient requirements, and this affects the likelihood of C vs. P limitation of differently sized individuals. This translates into a size-dependent threshold elemental ratio (TER), with a difference of up to twofold between juveniles and adults, a difference comparable to measured interspecific differences. The main implications of these findings are that, at the population level, co-limitation of biomass production by several nutrients is likely to occur under a wide range of food qualities. In addition, different regimes of nutrient limitation strongly influence the relative difference in biomass production of differently sized individuals, which has been shown to be a major driver of population and community dynamics. Our results point to development as a key determinant of a population's response to food quality. A http://onlinelibrary. wiley. com/doi/10. 1111/1365-2435. 13101/suppinfo is available for this article. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1142/s0219061320500051 | Exponential-constructible functions in P-minimal structures | Exponential-constructible functions are an extension of the class of constructible functions. This extension was formulated by Cluckers and Loeser in the context of semi-algebraic and sub-analytic structures, when they studied stability under integration. In this paper, we will present a natural refinement of their definition that allows for stability results to hold within the wider class of [Formula: see text]-minimal structures. One of the main technical improvements is that we remove the requirement of definable Skolem functions from the proofs. As a result, we obtain stability in particular for all intermediate structures between the semi-algebraic and the sub-analytic languages. | [
"Mathematics"
]
|
694578 | Bacterial isoprene metabolism: a missing link in a key global biogeochemical cycle | Isoprene is a very important climate-active biogenic volatile organic compound with both global warming and cooling effects. Globally, terrestrial plants emit huge amounts (~500-750 million tonnes) of isoprene per year. This is approximately the same quantity as methane released to the amosphere. Isoprene emissions are predicted to rise due to global warming and increased use of isoprene-emitting trees (oil palm, poplar) for biofuel production but almost nothing is known about its biogeochemical cycle. Microbes are a sink for isoprene and through their activity in soils and on the leaves of isoprene-emitting plants, they will be important in removal of isoprene in the biosphere before it gets released to the atmosphere.
The aim of the project is to obtain a critical, fundamental understanding of the metabolism and ecological importance of biological isoprene degradation and to test the hypothesis that isoprene degrading bacteria play a crucial role in the biogeochemical isoprene cycle, thus helping to mitigate the effects of this important but neglected climate-active gas. Key objectives are to elucidate the biological mechanisms by which isoprene is metabolised, establish novel methods for the study of isoprene biodegradation and to understand at the mechanistic level how isoprene cycling by microbes is regulated in the environment. Bacteria that metabolise isoprene will be isolated from a range of terrestrial and marine environments and characterised using a multidisciplinary approach and a wide range of cutting edge techniques. We will elucidate the pathways of isoprene metabolism and their regulation by characterising genes/enzymes catalysing key steps in isoprene degradation, use innovative molecular ecology methods to determine distribution, diversity and activity of isoprene degraders and assess the contribution that microbes make in the removal of isoprene from the biosphere, thereby mitigating the effects of this climate-active compound. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
648681 | Innocent children or security threats? european children born of war | How can we ensure that children born of war do not pay for the sins of their parents? Political debates about how to address the plight of children born of foreign fighters to ISIS/Daesh make this an acute concern in Europe today. The European debates are polarized; some argue that socialization of these children will transform them into the next generation of terrorists, while others argue that they must be assumed innocent with rights to citizenship in European countries and state protection. How might we understand, respond, and address the needs and rights of these children raises the fundamental question of how we understand children of the enemy, as innocent individuals or security threats? Further, it is important not to repeat previous historical mistakes. By learning from the past, we can ensure that we will not need to issue apologies for wrongdoings in the future. After World War II, children conceived by enemy soldiers experienced shaming, harassment and isolation. We know that some of the children conceived through conflict related sexual violence during the Bosnian war of 1992-1995, were rejected and adopted, whereas some remained with their mothers under difficult circumstances. These war children were long silenced, but with time, they have formed vocal groups who argue for the right to be seen, heard, and recognized. Their core message is that the sins of their parents are not theirs to bear; they are not the enemy. EuroWARCHILD develops methodological innovation and combines theory development, life history interviews and text analyses to investigate how a child born of war can become a security concern, and what it entails for the child who does. This project is the first to comprehensively examine different groups of war children in the European context; across different conflicts, security settings and generations. EuroWARCHILD will affect policy development and increase attention to children born of war in many European countries, and beyond. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1016/j.celrep.2013.07.035 | RIP3 inhibits inflammatory hepatocarcinogenesis but promotes cholestasis by controlling caspase-8- and JNK-dependent compensatory cell proliferation | For years, the term "apoptosis" was used synonymously with programmed cell death. However, it was recently discovered that receptor interacting protein 3 (RIP3)-dependent "necroptosis" represents an alternative programmed cell death pathway activated in many inflamed tissues. Here, we show in a genetic model of chronic hepatic inflammation that activation of RIP3 limits immune responses and compensatory proliferation of liver parenchymal cells (LPC) by inhibiting Caspase-8-dependent activation of Jun-(N)-terminal kinase in LPC and nonparenchymal liver cells. In this way, RIP3 inhibitsintrahepatic tumor growth and impedes the Caspase-8-dependent establishment of specific chromosomal aberrations that mediate resistance totumor-necrosis-factor-induced apoptosis and underlie hepatocarcinogenesis. Moreover, RIP3 promotes the development of jaundice and cholestasis, because its activation suppresses compensatory proliferation of cholangiocytes and hepatic stem cells. These findings demonstrate a function of RIP3 in regulating carcinogenesis and cholestasis. Controlling RIP3 or Caspase-8 might represent a chemopreventive or therapeutic strategy against hepatocellular carcinoma and biliary disease | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
835184 | Deciphering the molecular mechanisms of HIV DNA nuclear import and the impact of 3D genome organization on integration site selection | Chromosomes of eukaryotes adopt highly dynamic and complex hierarchical structures in the nucleus. The three-dimensional (3D) organization of chromosomes profoundly affects DNA functions, primarily transcription. During retroviral infection, histone-free viral DNA copy is synthesized from viral genomic RNA. vDNA will ultimately integrate into the host genome to ensure its maintenance and expression. Understanding retrovirus-host interactions at the genomic level, and the peculiar mechanisms by which lentiviruses, including HIV-1, and their related gene transfer vectors, are imported into the nucleus, loaded with nucleosomes, integrate in, and interact with, the human genome will provide valuable information about lentiviral replication and establish the basis for the development of safer and more efficacious lentiviral vectors for human gene therapy. Our objectives are: 1-To identify and characterize cellular proteins associated with the HIV-1 PIC, and determine their roles in nuclear import and/or integration. 2-To explore the role of the epigenome of unintegrated vDNA in HIV-1 gene expression from unintegrated and integrated vDNA. 3- To determine the impact of nuclear organization on integration site selection and on viral and host transcription. State of the art technologies will be applied to achieve these challenging objectives. If successful, this project will make an outstanding contributions not only to the field of HIV biology but also for the development of safe lentiviral vectors for gene therapy. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1111/mila.12184 | Subjectivity in gradable adjectives: The case of tall and heavy | We present an investigation of the ways in which speakers' subjective perspectives are likely to affect the meaning of gradable adjectives like tall or heavy. We present the results of a study showing that people tend to use themselves as a yardstick when ascribing these adjectives to human figures of varied measurements: subjects' height and weight requirements for applying tall and heavy are found to be positively correlated with their personal measurements. We draw more general lessons regarding the definition of subjectivity and the ways in which a standard of comparison and a significant deviation from that standard are specified. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1117/12.2077090 | Integration Of Gaas Based Vcsel Array On Sin Platform With Hcg Reflectors For Wdm Applications | We present a GaAs-based VCSEL structure, BCB bonded to a Si3N4 waveguide circuit, where one DBR is substituted by a free-standing Si3N4 high-contrast-grating (HCG) reflector realized in the Si3N4 waveguide layer. This design enables solutions for on-chip spectroscopic sensing, and the dense integration of 850-nm WDM data communication transmitters where individual channel wavelengths are set by varying the HCG parameters. RCWA shows that a 300nm-thick Si3N4 HCG with 800nm period and 40% duty cycle reflects strongly (<99%) over a 75nm wavelength range around 850nm. A design with a standing-optical-field minimum at the III-V/airgap interface maximizes the HCG's influence on the VCSEL wavelength, allowing for a 15-nm-wide wavelength setting range with low threshold gain (<1000 cm-1). | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s00285-016-1026-0 | A numerical scheme for the early steps of nucleation-aggregation models | In the formation of large clusters out of small particles, the initializing step is called the nucleation, and consists in the spontaneous reaction of agents which aggregate into small and stable polymers called nuclei. After this early step, the polymers are involved in a number of reactions such as polymerization, fragmentation and coalescence. Since there may be several orders of magnitude between the size of a particle and the size of an aggregate, building efficient numerical schemes to capture accurately the kinetics of the reaction is a delicate step of key importance. In this article, we propose a conservative scheme, based on finite volume methods on an adaptive grid, which is capable of simulating well the early steps of the reaction as well as the later chain reactions. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1098/rsos.140498 | Back to Tanganyika: A case of recent trans-species-flock dispersal in East African haplochromine cichlid fishes | The species flocks of cichlid fishes in the East African Great Lakes are the largest vertebrate adaptive radiations in the world and illustrious textbook examples of convergent evolution between independent species assemblages. Although recent studies suggest some degrees of genetic exchange between riverine taxa and the lake faunas, not a single cichlid species is known from Lakes Tanganyika, Malawi and Victoria that is derived from the radiation associated with another of these lakes. Here, we report the discovery of a haplochromine cichlid species in Lake Tanganyika, which belongs genetically to the species flock of haplochromines of the Lake Victoria region. The new species colonized Lake Tanganyika only recently, suggesting that faunal exchange across watersheds and, hence, between isolated ichthyofaunas, is more common than previously thought. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
176398 | Electron quantum optics in quantum hall edge channels | Quantum effects have been studied on photon propagation in the context of quantum optics since the second half of the last century. In particular, using single photon emitters, fundamental tests of quantum mechanics were explored by manipulating single to few photons in Hanbury-Brown and Twiss and Hong Ou Mandel experiments.
In nanophysics, there is a growing interest to translate these concepts of quantum optics to electrons propagating in nanostructures. Single electron emitters have been realized such that single elementary electronic excitations can now be manipulated in the analog of pioneer quantum optics experiments.
Electron quantum optics goes beyond the mere reproduction of optical setups using electron beams, as electrons, being interacting fermions, differ strongly from photons. Contrary to optics, understanding the propagation of an elementary excitation requires replacing the single body description by a many body one.
The purpose of this proposal is to specifically explore the emergence of many body physics and its effects on electronic propagation using the setups and concepts of electron quantum optics. The motivations are numerous: firstly single particle emission initializes a simple and well controlled state. I will take this unique opportunity to test birth, life and death scenarii of Landau quasiparticles and observe the emergence of many-body physics. Secondly, I will address the generation of entangled few electrons quantum coherent states and study how they are affected by interactions. Finally, I will attempt to apply electron quantum optics concepts to a regime where the ground state itself is a strongly correlated state of matter. In such a situation, elementary excitations are no longer electrons but carry a fractional charge and obey fractional statistics. No manipulation of single quasiparticles has been reported yet and the determination of some quasiparticle characteristics, such as the fractional statistics remains elusive. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1371/journal.pbio.3000679 | Acute inhibition of centriolar satellite function and positioning reveals their functions at the primary cilium | Centriolar satellites are dynamic, membraneless granules composed of over 200 proteins. They store, modify, and traffic centrosome and primary cilium proteins, and help to regulate both the biogenesis and some functions of centrosomes and cilium. In most cell types, satellites cluster around the perinuclear centrosome, but their integrity and cellular distribution are dynamically remodeled in response to different stimuli, such as cell cycle cues. Dissecting the specific and temporal functions and mechanisms of satellites and how these are influenced by their cellular positioning and dynamics has been challenging using genetic approaches, particularly in ciliated and proliferating cells. To address this, we developed a chemical-based trafficking assay to rapidly and efficiently redistribute satellites to either the cell periphery or center, and fuse them into stable clusters in a temporally controlled way. Induced satellite clustering at either the periphery or center resulted in antagonistic changes in the pericentrosomal levels of a subset of proteins, revealing a direct and selective role for their positioning in protein targeting and sequestration. Systematic analysis of the interactome of peripheral satellite clusters revealed enrichment of proteins implicated in cilium biogenesis and mitosis. Importantly, induction of peripheral satellite targeting in ciliated cells revealed a function for satellites not just for efficient cilium assembly but also in the maintenance of steady-state cilia and in cilia disassembly by regulating the structural integrity of the ciliary axoneme. Finally, perturbing satellite distribution and dynamics inhibited their mitotic dissolution, and mitotic progression was perturbed only in cells with centrosomal satellite clustering. Collectively, our results for the first time showed a direct link between satellite functions and their pericentrosomal clustering, suggested new mechanisms underlying satellite functions during cilium assembly, and provided a new tool for probing temporal satellite functions in different contexts. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevX.7.031057 | Exploring interacting topological insulators with ultracold atoms: The synthetic creutz-hubbard model | Understanding the robustness of topological phases of matter in the presence of strong interactions and synthesizing novel strongly correlated topological materials lie among the most important and difficult challenges of modern theoretical and experimental physics. In this work, we present a complete theoretical analysis of the synthetic Creutz-Hubbard ladder, which is a paradigmatic model that provides a neat playground to address these challenges. We give special attention to the competition of correlated topological phases and orbital quantum magnetism in the regime of strong interactions. These results are, furthermore, confirmed and extended by extensive numerical simulations. Moreover, we propose how to experimentally realize this model in a synthetic ladder made of two internal states of ultracold fermionic atoms in a one-dimensional optical lattice. Our work paves the way towards quantum simulators of interacting topological insulators with cold atoms. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W2766599364 | Mobile accessibility: natural user interface for motion-impaired users | We designed a natural user interface to access mobile devices for motion-impaired people who cannot use the standard multi-touch input system to work with tablets and smartphones. We detect the head motion of the user by means of the frontal camera and use its position to interact with the mobile device. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the performance of the system. We conducted two laboratory studies with 12 participants without disabilities and a field study with four participants with multiple sclerosis (MS). The first laboratory study was done to test the robustness and to count with a base to compare the results of the evaluation done with the participants with MS. Once observed the results of the participants with disabilities, we conducted a new laboratory study with participants without disabilities simulating the limitations of the users with MS to tune the system. All participants completed a set of defined tasks: pointing and pointing-selecting. We logged use and conducted questionnaires post-experiment. Our results showed positive outcomes using the system as an input device, although apps should follow a set of recommendations on the size of the targets and their position to facilitate the interaction with mobile devices for motion-impaired users. The work demonstrates the interface’s possibilities for mobile accessibility for motion-impaired users who need alternative access devices to interact with mobile devices. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
interreg_639 | ENHANCEMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT | Cultural Heritage sites located in both rural and urban areas are often facing the dilemma between loss of cultural values and hence loss of identity, due to non-sustainable growth, and economic decline and emigration, due to inappropriate infrastructure and high cost of living (especially, buildings maintenance). CHERPLAN aims to provide a strong basis for ensuring compatibility and synergy between Cultural Heritage conservation and socio-economic growth by fostering the adoption of a modern Environmental Planning approach throughout SEE. The aim of EP is to integrate traditional urban/spatial planning with the concerns of environmentalism to ensure sustainable development; when innovatively applied to CH sites, EP's comprehensive perspective can be regarded as composed of three spheres: the built and historical environment, the socioeconomic and cultural environment, and the biophysical environment. "Natural" (often human-induced) disasters are one of the factors to consider: CH sites are particularly vulnerable to such events, as they are scarce, valuable and non-renewable. A multilevel and multi-sectoral Partnership will ensure effective achievement of these goals. To promote efficient participatory management of CH sites, Cultural Site Management Partnerships will be established in the framework of Pilot Projects concerning 7 selected CH sites in the involved countries: subsequent to organization of workshops and training, Action, Business, and Environmental Management Plans will be prepared. The process is expected to lead to conflict reduction (CH is often perceived as a hindrance to development), durable jobs creation (to be linked to durable assets such as CH sites) and integration of minorities and their cultural backgrounds into the participatory scheme. Finally, an EP Model will be developed as a strategic tool for lasting transferability of project results, supported by a Memorandum of Understanding to be signed by the 4 involved Ministries of Culture. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1111/jgh.12752 | Detailed analysis of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and tumor budding identifies predictors of long-term survival in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma | Background and Aim: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is characterized by aggressive biology and poor prognosis even after resection. Long-term survival is very rare and cannot be reliably predicted. Experimental data suggest an important role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in invasion and metastasis of PDAC. Tumor budding is regarded as the morphological correlate of local invasion and cancer cell dissemination. The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological and prognostic implications of EMT and tumor budding in PDAC of the pancreatic head. Methods: Patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database, and baseline, operative, histopathological, and follow-up data were extracted. Serial tissue slices stained for Pan-Cytokeratin served for analysis of tumor budding, and E-Cadherin, Beta-Catenin, and Vimentin staining for analysis of EMT. Baseline, operative, standard pathology, and immunohistochemical parameters were evaluated for prediction of long-term survival (≥30 months) in uni- and multivariate analysis. Results: Intra- and intertumoral patterns of EMT marker expression and tumor budding provide evidence of partial EMT induction at the tumor-host interface. Lymph node ratio and E-Cadherin expression in tumor buds were independent predictors of long-term survival in multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Detailed immunohistochemical assessment confirms a relationship between EMT and tumor budding at the tumor-host interface. A small group of patients with favorable prognosis can be identified by combined assessment of lymph node ratio and EMT in tumor buds. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W1988171180 | Disseminated Staphylococcal Disease in Healthy Children—Experience from Two Tertiary Care Hospitals of West Bengal | To assess the etiology, precipitating factors, treatment and outcome of disseminated staphylococcal disease (DSD) in healthy immunocompetent children.This hospital based observational prospective study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals of West Bengal, India during the period of March, 2011 through February, 2012. Inclusion criteria were 1) children between 1 and 12 y and 2) clinical features DSD characterized by i) involvement of at least two distant organs with presence of gram positive cocci in clusters and/or growth of Staphylococcus aureus from at least one normally sterile body fluid, ii) fever, persistent bacteremia despite antibiotics and focal involvement of two or more separate tissue sites (skin, bone, joint, kidney, lung, liver, heart).Thirty six cases fulfilled the criteria of DSD with mean age in years 6.03 ± 3.04 (range 1-12). The age group of 5-12 y was found to be more vulnerable (p < 0.001). Septic arthritis following accidental blunt closed trauma, was the significant precipitating factor for DSD in this age group (p = 0.031). Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was the causative agent in all the cases. Vancomycin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) was detected in 88.9 % of cases. All cases were sensitive to linezolid. No significant side effects were observed with 28 d of linezolid therapy.DSD is more common in 5-12 y age group. Trauma is a significant precipitating factor for DSD in this age group. Linezolid may be considered as the first line drug in DSD with MRSA. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1039/C3CC43803A | Robust Molecular Micro Capsules For Encapsulating And Releasing Hydrophilic Contents | The hydrophobic–amphiphilic self-assembly approach has been employed to prepare molecular micro-capsules simply by cooling down an emulsion, in a hot polar solvent medium, of a melted compound having two very well-distinguished units, both with highly non-polar and hydrophobic characteristics. The resulting micro-capsules are very stable and robust both in suspension and under dry conditions. Further, such micro-capsules can effectively encapsulate hydrophilic compounds which can later on be easily released upon the application of UV-light. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2001676362 | Role of high dose rate brachytherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer | High dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy in intermediate and high-risk prostate cancer patients has started in the late eighties in Europe and the United States, as a boost combined with external beam radiation therapy, as an attractive method for dose escalation. The results of the first dose-escalation study performed at William Beaumont Hospital has established the safety and efficacy of this combined treatment approach. Likewise, this landmark study enabled a paradigm shift in the radiobiology of prostate cancer, demonstrating that the alpha/beta of prostate cancer was much lower than previously believed to be and therefore the sensitivity of this tumor model to higher-than-conventional doses per fraction led to a dramatic increase of hypofractionated treatment regimens, the object of significant clinical research efforts, currently under way. The excellent toxicity profile and clinical outcome of HDR boost combined treatment prompted investigators to expand HDR brachytherapy indications to low/intermediate prostate cancer patients as the sole treatment modality. The results, toxicity and a brief review of the literature for both HDR boost and HDR monotherapy will be presented. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W1922255424 | The neoliberal diet and inequality in the United States | This paper discusses increasing differentiation of U.S. dietary components by socioeconomic strata and its health implications. While upper-income groups have had increasing access to higher-quality foods, lower-to-middle-income class diets are heavily focused on "energy-dense" fares. This neoliberal diet is clearly associated with the proliferation of obesity that disproportionately affects the poor. We provide a critical review of the debate about obesity from within the critical camp in food studies, between individual-focused and structural perspectives. Using official data, we show how the US diet has evolved since the 1960s to a much greater emphasis on refined carbohydrates and vegetable oils. Inequality is demonstrated by dividing the population into households-income quintiles and how they spend on food. We then introduce our Neoliberal Diet Risk Index (NDR), comprised of measures of food-import dependency, the Gini coefficient, rates of urbanization, female labor-force participation, and economic globalization. Our index serves to measure the risk of exposure to the neoliberal diet comparatively, across time and between nations. We conclude that only a societal actor like the state can redirect the food-production system by modifying its agricultural subsidy policies. Inequality-reducing policies will make the healthier food involved in such change widely available for all. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations",
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W2318954487 | The use of seismic attenuation for monitoring saturation in hydrocarbon reservoirs | We used a theoretical rock physics forward modelling and synthetic time lapse seismic data to show the possible use of attenuation to monitor hydrocarbon saturation in reservoirs. Given the time variant changes in saturation and the properties of the reservoir rock, the rock physics anelastic model (Mavko et al. 1998) is used to formulate a theoretical curve to observe the dynamic effects of saturation on attenuation. The partial saturation part of the curve is used to formulate a relation between attenuation and saturation. Attenuation is measured in time lapse synthetic seismic records and the curve-based relation is used to invert the approximate corresponding saturation that gave rise to the attenuation measured in seismic data (AMSD). Results from the study show that: AMSD can be used to monitor hydrocarbon saturation in reservoirs, if a relationship between AMSD and saturation is known; the saturation values predicted by the theoretical model are consistent with the saturation values inverted from the seismic derived attenuation. Apart from saturation, attenuation depends on porosity and mineral composition of the rock, and the property of the saturating fluid(s). For the case studied, at a saturation of 0.7, a 10% reduction in porosity caused 5.9% rise in attenuation, while a 10% reduction in the bulk modulus of the saturating fluids caused 11% reduction in attenuation. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
Q4051093 | I FATTORI BIOMEDICI PER LA CERTIFICAZIONE ERGONOMICA DI PRODOTTO | L¿ACQUISIZIONE DEI SERVIZI INNOVATIVI PER SVILUPPARE UNO STRUMENTO (SOFTWARE) CONSENTIRà DI OTTIMIZZARE IN MODO DECISIVO L¿OPERATIVITà IN CAMPO VALUTATIVO PER OFFRIRE AI CLIENTI TUTTE LE INFORMAZIONI NECESSARIE PER MIGLIORARE IL PROCESSO DI PROGETTAZIONE DEI LORO PRODOTTI INTEGRANDO LE LORO CONOSCENZE TECNICHE CON LE BASILARI INFORMAZIONI ERGONOMICHE RELATIVE AL RAPPORTO DI INTERFACCIA TRA UTILIZZATORE E PRODOTTO UTILIZZATO | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1002/jqs.2663 | Revisiting the Faroe Marine Ash Zone III in two Greenland ice cores: Implications for marine-ice correlations | Nineteen new Icelandic tephra layers are identified in NGRIP and NEEM ice spanning Greenland Interstadial-9 (GI-9) and the early phase of GI-8 (∼38 000-40 500 b2k). Fourteen tephras are identified in the NGRIP record and five direct correlatives are identified in NEEM, thus indicating the occurrence of 14 separate volcanic events. With two exceptions, the tephras are tholeiitic basalt in composition and despite having very similar geochemical signatures can, in most cases, be discriminated from one another using their TiO2 values. All of these tephra layers fall within the compositional range of the Faroe Marine Ash Zone III (FMAZ III) deposit previously identified in ocean cores from the Faroes region and previously correlated to NGRIP 2066. 95m by Davies et al. (). Thus, the FMAZ III in the marine realm is most likely a complex ash zone that represents a series of closely timed Grimsvötn eruptions that, as yet, can only be stratigraphically separated in the high-resolution ice-core records. The geochemical signatures and stratigraphic positions of the new ice-core layers means that the FMAZ III tephra deposit, as currently defined in the marine realm, cannot be correlated to NGRIP 2066. 95m or any other ice-core tephra horizons preserved during this interval. | [
"Earth System Science"
]
|
216701 | Miniature beam-driven plasma accelerators | As we push the frontier of particle physics to higher particle energies, conventional accelerator techniques are attaining their limits and new concepts are emerging. The use of an ionized gas —or plasma— circumvents the most significant barrier of conventional techniques by increasing the energy gained per unit length by several orders of magnitude. One class of plasma accelerators, relevant for high energy physics applications, consists in using a particle beam, « the driver », to excite a plasma wave, that is then used to accelerate the main particle beam. Research in this field requires large facilities, due to stringent conditions on the driver. In the M-PAC project, I propose to power plasma accelerators with laser-accelerated electron beams based on 100-TW-class laser systems, so as to miniaturize the so-called “beam-driven plasma accelerators”. The project crosses the boundary of the fields of research of laser acceleration and of beam-driven plasma acceleration. With these innovative miniature versions, the goal of the M-PAC project is then to tackle, through experiments and simulations, the next Grand Challenges facing the field of beam-driven plasma acceleration, bringing plasma accelerator technology to viability for high energy physics collider applications. They include the generation and preservation of the excellent beam quality required for high-energy colliders and next-generation light sources, the demonstration of high drive-to-main-beam energy efficiency and the acceleration of the antimatter counterpart of the electron, the positron. Finally, the miniature beam-driven plasma accelerators open new opportunities to push university-scale plasma-based light sources to the next level, both in terms of brightness and spectral range. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
724863 | Quantitative understanding of target recognition on DNA based on directional zipping processes | In the recent years a number of protein systems have been identified that recognize long (tens of base pairs) DNA sequences and allow flexible programmability of their target specificity. This promoted an enormous range of applications in genome engineering and synthetic biology. This project aims to decipher the mechanisms by which these proteins recognize their DNA targets in order to develop quantitative models/predictors for target recognition and to avoid off-target effects.
To obtain detailed insight into the targeting mechanisms of different programmable systems in a “bottom-up manner”, cutting-edge single-molecule experiments, such as mechanical DNA twisting combined with single-molecule fluorescence detection will be employed. This will provide a fully quantitative characterization of the targeting process and insight into the mechanisms of allosteric regulation coupled to targeting. The quantitative data will allow to develop physics-based models of the target recognition process. In particular, we will focus on recognition through non-equilibrium, directional zipping along the target sequence – as recently revealed for CRISPR-Cas enzymes – as a promising unifying mechanism. To obtain precise targeting predictors our first-principle models will be tested and refined using high-throughput measurements on many different targets in parallel. Finally, the predictions will be used in order to understand target selection in live cells using single-molecule imaging.
Within the project the following goals are defined:
Goal 1: Quantitative understanding of target binding/degradation for CRISPR-Cas systems
Goal 2: Detailed mechanistic insight into the target recognition process by TALEs
Goal 3: Development of highly parallelized measurements on different target sequences down to the single-molecule level
Goal 4: Target identification in the complex environment of live cells | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
232738 | Molecular by-pass therapy for mitochondrial dysfunction | Many eukaryotes, but not the higher metazoans such as vertebrates or arthropods, possess intrinsic by-pass systems that provide alternative routes for electron flow from NADH to oxygen. Whereas the standard mitochondrial OXPHOS system couples electron transport to proton pumping across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating the proton gradient which is used to drive ATP synthesis and other energy-requiring processes, the by-pass enzymes are non-proton-pumping, and their activity is redox-regulated rather than subject to ATP requirements. My laboratory has engineered two of these by-pass enzymes, the single-subunit NADH dehydrogenase Ndi1p from yeast, and the alternative oxidase AOX from Ciona intestinalis, for expression in Drosophila and mammalian cells. Their expression is benign, and the enzymes appear to be almost inert, except under conditions of redox stress induced by OXPHOS toxins or mutations. The research set out in this proposal will explore the utility of these by-passes for alleviating metabolic stress in the whole organism and in specific tissues, arising from mitochondrial OXPHOS dysfunction. Specifically, I will test the ability of Ndi1p and AOX in Drosophila and in mammalian models to compensate for the toxicity of OXPHOS poisons, to complement disease-equivalent mutations impairing the assembly or function of the OXPHOS system, and to diminish the pathological excess production of reactive oxygen species seen in many neurodegenerative disorders associated with OXPHOS impairment, and under conditions of ischemia-reperfusion. The attenuation of endogenous mitochondrial ROS production by deployment of these by-pass enzymes also offers a novel route to testing the mitochondrial (oxyradical) theory of ageing. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1038/s41422-020-0370-1 | Wnt signaling and Loxl2 promote aggressive osteosarcoma | Osteosarcoma (OS) is the most frequent primary malignant bone tumor in urgent need of better therapies. Using genetically modified mouse models (GEMMs), we demonstrate that Wnt signaling promotes c-Fos-induced OS formation via the actions of the collagen-modifying enzyme Loxl2. c-Fos/AP-1 directly regulates the expression of the Wnt ligandsWnt7bandWnt9ain OS cells through promoter binding, and Wnt7b and Wnt9a in turn promote Loxl2 expression in murine and human OS cells through the transcription factors Zeb1 and Zeb2. Concordantly, inhibition of Wnt ligand secretion by inactivating theWnt-less(Wls)gene in osteoblasts in c-Fos GEMMs either early or in a therapeutic setting reduces Loxl2 expression and progression of OS. Wls-deficient osteosarcomas proliferate less, are less mineralized and are enriched in fibroblastic cells surrounded by collagen fibers. Importantly, Loxl2 inhibition using either the pan-Lox inhibitor BAPN or a specific inducible shRNA reduces OS cell proliferation in vitro and decreases tumor growth and lung colonization in murine and human orthotopic OS transplantation models. Finally, OS development is delayed in c-Fos GEMMs treated with BAPN or with specific Loxl2 blocking antibodies. Congruently, a strong correlation between c-FOS, LOXL2 and WNT7B/WNT9A expression is observed in human OS samples, and c-FOS/LOXL2 co-expression correlates with OS aggressiveness and decreased patient survival. Therefore, therapeutic targeting of Wnt and/or Loxl2 should be considered to potentiate the inadequate current treatments for pediatric, recurrent, and metastatic OS. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.90.125125 | High-energy collective electronic excitations in layered transition-metal dichalcogenides | We characterize experimentally and theoretically the collective electronic excitations in two prototypical layered transition-metal dichalcogenides, NbSe2 and Cu0. 2NbS2. The energy- and momentum-dependent dynamical structure factor was measured by inelastic x-ray scattering (IXS) spectroscopy and simulated by time-dependent density-functional theory. We find good agreement between theory and experiment, provided that Nb semicore states are taken into account together with crystal local-field effects. Both materials have very similar spectra, characterized by two main plasmons at 9 and 23 eV, which we show to both have π+σ character on the basis of a detailed analysis of the band structure. Finally, we discuss the role of the layer anisotropy in the dispersion of these plasmons. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1080/19475705.2020.1777213 | Flood Damage Cost Estimation In 3D Based On An Indicator Modelling Framework | Flooding and other natural disasters pose risks to cities and residential homes, and these are set to increase in the face of climate change. Single-family residential buildings are of particular i. . . | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1007/s11537-014-1265-z | Ramanujan complexes and high dimensional expanders | Expander graphs in general, and Ramanujan graphs in particular, have been of great interest in the last four decades with many applications in computer science, combinatorics and even pure mathematics. In these notes we describe various efforts made in recent years to generalize these notions from graphs to higher dimensional simplicial complexes. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1177/1545968318820169 | Effect Of Specific Over Nonspecific Vr Based Rehabilitation On Poststroke Motor Recovery A Systematic Meta Analysis | Background. Despite the rise of virtual reality (VR)-based interventions in stroke rehabilitation over the past decade, no consensus has been reached on its efficacy. This ostensibly puzzling outco. . . | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-018-34533-1 | Design of metalloproteins and novel protein folds using variational autoencoders | The design of novel proteins has many applications but remains an attritional process with success in isolated cases. Meanwhile, deep learning technologies have exploded in popularity in recent years and are increasingly applicable to biology due to the rise in available data. We attempt to link protein design and deep learning by using variational autoencoders to generate protein sequences conditioned on desired properties. Potential copper and calcium binding sites are added to non-metal binding proteins without human intervention and compared to a hidden Markov model. In another use case, a grammar of protein structures is developed and used to produce sequences for a novel protein topology. One candidate structure is found to be stable by molecular dynamics simulation. The ability of our model to confine the vast search space of protein sequences and to scale easily has the potential to assist in a variety of protein design tasks. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1992054668 | Investigations of a method for determining pumping speed and sorption capacity of nonevaporable getters based on in situ calibrated throughput | This paper presents a gas-sorption method, based on an in situ calibrated throughput, for characterizing nonevaporable getters (NEGs) of Ti- and Zr-based alloys. The main characteristics of the method are the adjustment of a constant injected gas flow, the prompt calibration of a throughput, and the measurement of an increasing sorption pressure. It is essential that inert vacuum gauges be selected for measurements of total pressure to prevent contamination of a test gas and poisoning of an NEG under test. A capacitance diaphragm gauge is used for preparation of the injected gas flow by filling the gas reservoir with a test gas and adjusting the conductance of a variable leak valve. A spinning rotor gauge (SRG) is used for in situ calibration of the throughput by means of an integrated gas-flow calibration facility and the rate-of-pressure-rise method, and by continuous measurement of the sorption pressure in a test chamber. A getter pumping speed and a sorbed quantity are calculated while considering the... | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W2742251626 | Application of different spectrophotometric methods for simultaneous determination of elbasvir and grazoprevir in pharmaceutical preparation | The first three UV spectrophotometric methods have been developed of simultaneous determination of two new FDA approved drugs namely; elbasvir and grazoprevir in their combined pharmaceutical dosage form. These methods include simultaneous equation, partial least squares with and without variable selection procedure (genetic algorithm). For simultaneous equation method, the absorbance values at 369 (λmax of elbasvir) and 253nm (λmax of grazoprevir) have been selected for the formation of two simultaneous equations required for the mathematical processing and quantitative analysis of the studied drugs. Alternatively, the partial least squares with and without variable selection procedure (genetic algorithm) have been applied in the spectra analysis because the synchronous inclusion of many unreal wavelengths rather than by using a single or dual wavelength which greatly increases the precision and predictive ability of the methods. Successfully assay of the drugs in their pharmaceutical formulation has been done by the proposed methods. Statistically comparative analysis for the obtained results with the manufacturing methods has been performed. It is noteworthy to mention that there was no significant difference between the proposed methods and the manufacturing one with respect to the validation parameters. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-017-01773-0 | Switching between H- and J-type electronic coupling in single conjugated polymer aggregates | The aggregation of conjugated polymers and electronic coupling of chromophores play a central role in the fundamental understanding of light and charge generation processes. Here we report that the predominant coupling in isolated aggregates of conjugated polymers can be switched reversibly between H-type and J-type coupling by partially swelling and drying the aggregates. Aggregation is identified by shifts in photoluminescence energy, changes in vibronic peak ratio, and photoluminescence lifetime. This experiment unravels the internal electronic structure of the aggregate and highlights the importance of the drying process in the final spectroscopic properties. The electronic coupling after drying is tuned between H-type and J-type by changing the side chains of the conjugated polymer, but can also be entirely suppressed. The types of electronic coupling correlate with chain morphology, which is quantified by excitation polarization spectroscopy and the efficiency of interchromophoric energy transfer that is revealed by the degree of single-photon emission. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W66444513 | Anticipatory Coordination of Electric Vehicle Allocation to Fast Charging Infrastructure | AbstractThe limited range of electric vehicles (EVs) in combination with the limited capacity of current fast charging infrastructure are both causes for a limited adoption of EVs. In order to reduce the general inconvenience that EV users experience when having to wait for available fast charging stations and to lessen the danger of damaging the infrastructure by overloading it, an efficient coordination strategy is needed. This paper proposes an anticipatory, decentralised coordination strategy for on-route charging of EVs during lengthy trips in a fast-charging infrastructure. This strategy is compared to a reference strategy that uses global real-time knowledge of charging station occupation. Simulation results using a realistic scenario with real-world traffic data demonstrate that the anticipatory strategy is able to reduce the waiting times for EV users by up to 50% while at the same time decreasing the peak loads of the electricity grid caused by charging EVs by 21%.KeywordsElectric VehicleCoordination StrategyHighway NetworkReference StrategyHighway SegmentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2079193326 | Conformal and multi-scale time-domain methods: From tetrahedral mesh to meshless discretisation | Numerical methods applied in Cartesian grids have become workhorses for general purpose time-domain electromagnetic simulations because of their simplicity, efficiency and scalability. Implementations often consider specific treatments for curved and slanted boundaries, as well as sub-cell models and sub-gridding schemes. As alternative, methods based on unstructured discretisation, such as a tetrahedral mesh, have never truly become mainstream techniques despite their remarkable capabilities for accurate multi-scale and conformal modelling. This paper firstly reviews the development of a particular conformal time-domain method applied in tetrahedral meshes, namely the Finite-Volume Time-Domain method, and illustrates its potential for multi-scale problems in a selected example. The second part of the paper points out a novel class of methods which are amenable to conformal time-domain implementation on clouds of points. These so-called “meshless methods” do not require an explicit mesh definition, and open new perspectives towards future applications involving multi-scale multi-physics problems. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-21626-3 | Quantum Modeling Of Complex Molecular Systems | Addressing the Issues of Non-Additivity in the Development of Quantum Chemistry-Grounded Polarizable Molecular Mechanics, Noad Gresh, Krystel El Hage, Elodie Goldwaser, Benoit de Courcy, Robin Chaudret, David Perahia, Christophe Narth, Louis Lagardere, Filippo lipparini, Jean-Philippe Piquemal. - Proton Transfer in Aqueous Solution: Exploring the Boundaries of Adaptative QM/MM, T. Jiang, J. M. Boereboom, C. Michel, P. Fleurat-Lessard, R. E. Bulo. - Recent Progress in Adaptive-Partitioning QM/MM Methods for Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics, Soroosh Pezeshki, Hai Lin. - Probing Proton Transfer Reactions in Molecular Dynamics- A Crucial Prerequisite for QM/MM Simulations Using Dissociative Models, Thomas S. Hofer. - Accelerating QM/MM Calculations by Using the Mean Field Approximation, M. Elena Martin, M. Luz Sanchez, Aurora Munoz-Losa, Ignacio Fdez. Galvan, Manuel A. Aguilar. - Development of a Massively Parallel QM/MM Approach Combined with a Theory of Solutions, Hideaki Takahashi, Nobuyuki Matubayasi. - Structure and Electronic Properties of Liquids and Complex Molecular Systems in Solution: Coupling Many-Body Energy Decomposition Schemes to Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics, Benedito J. C. Cabral, K. Coutinho, and S. Canuto. - Free Energy Gradient Method and its Recent Related Developments: Free Energy Optimization and Vibrational Frequency Analysis in Solution, Yukichi Kitamura, Norio Ta kenaka, Yoshiyuki Koyano, Masataka Nagaoka. - Towards an Accurate Model for Halogens in Aqueous Solutions, M. I. Bernal-Uruchurtu, A. Alcaraz Torres, F. A. Batista Romero, R. Hernandez-Lamoneda. - Theoretical Studies of the Solvation of abundant Toxic Mercury Species in Aqueous Media, Jorge Ivan Amaro-Estrada and Alejandro Ramirez-Solis. - Advances in QM/MM Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Chemical Processes at Aqueous Interfaces, Marilia T. C. Martins-Costa and M. F. Ruiz-Lopez. - QM/MM Approaches for the Modeling of Photoinduced Processes in Biological Systems, Benedetta Mennucci. - The Non Empirical Local Self Consistent Field Method. Application to Quantum Mechanics/Molecular Mechanics (QM/MM) Modeling of Large Biomolecular Systems, Jean-Louis Rivail, Antonio Monari, Xavier Assfeld. - Computational Study of the Initial Step in the Reaction Mechanism of Dehaloperoxidase A. Consistent Assignment of the Protonation of Residues at the Active Site and the Movement of the His55 Residue, Fiorentina Bottinelli, Patricia Saenz-Mendez, Oscar N. Ventura. - Exploring Chemical Reactivity in Enzyme Catalyzed Processes Using QM/MM Methods. An Application to Dihydrofalate Reductase, J. Javier Ruiz-Pernia, Vicent Moliner, Inaki Tunon. - Multistate Modelling of In-Situ Oil Sands Upgrading with Molybdenum Carbide Nanoparticles, Xingchen Liu, Baojing Zhou, Farouq Ahmed, Alexander Tkalych, Akira Miyamoto and Dennis R. Salahub. - Computational Spectroscopy in Solution: Methods and Models for Investigating Complex Systems, Vincenzo Barone, Enrico Benassi, Ivan Carnimeo. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
263760 | Family Matters: Intergenerational Influences on Fertility | Why do people have children? Why do they have the number of children they do? These questions are of fundamental importance, but we do not yet have satisfactory answers. I propose to bring an interdisciplinary perspective, involving demography, evolutionary biology, anthropology and psychology, to bear on this topic. The aim is to test the hypothesis that intergenerational influences are important determinants of fertility, from fertility intentions to timing of births to number of children. The theoretical rationale derives from a hypothesis emerging from evolutionary biology that humans are cooperative breeders : mothers need help from others to raise children, because human children are too costly for mothers to raise alone. The support of relatives, particularly intergenerational support, is thus vital to women in determining how many children they have. If so, there is a major gap in our understanding of fertility, since such influences have not been systematically studied. This aim will be achieved using rigorous, empirical methods to analyse data from all world regions, and to use novel methods for collecting new data on fertility. The key to this project is its holistic comparative nature. The ultimate goal will be a novel comparative analysis of data from the full gamut of human societies, from small-scale traditional societies through historical populations to contemporary nations surveyed through large-scale surveys. This will allow us to go beyond simply documenting kin influences, and to understand why particular kin matter under which circumstances. Such a comparative approach has not been used before but is vital if we are to fully understand why fertility varies. This will significantly advance understanding of fertility, and promote interdisciplinary research. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1177/0271678X16657094 | Nos Knockout Or Inhibition But Not Disrupting Psd 95 Nos Interaction Protect Against Ischemic Brain Damage | Promising results have been reported in preclinical stroke target validation for pharmacological principles that disrupt the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-post-synaptic density protein-95-neuronal nitric oxide synthase complex. However, post-synaptic density protein-95 is also coupled to potentially neuroprotective mechanisms. As post-synaptic density protein-95 inhibitors may interfere with potentially neuroprotective mechanisms and sufficient validation has often been an issue in translating basic stroke research, we wanted to close that gap by comparing post-synaptic density protein-95 inhibitors with NOS1(-/-) mice and a NOS inhibitor. We confirm the deleterious role of NOS1 in stroke both in vivo and in vitro, but find three pharmacological post-synaptic density protein-95 inhibitors to be therapeutically ineffective. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1039/c4sc02793k | Polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides: a unique entry to extended polycyclic heteroaromatics | Based on polycyclic aromatic azomethine ylides, a metal-free “cycloaddition-planarization-sequence” is proposed, providing a unique entry to nitrogen-containing polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1145/2591796.2591822 | The Asymptotic K Sat Threshold | Since the early 2000s physicists have developed an ingenious but non-rigorous formalism called the cavity method to put forward precise conjectures as to the phase transitions in random constraint satisfaction problems ("CSPs"). The cavity method comes in two versions: the simpler replica symmetric variant, and the more intricate 1-step replica symmetry breaking ("1RSB") version. While typically the former only gives upper and lower bounds, the latter is conjectured to yield precise results in many cases. By now, there are a number of examples where the replica symmetric bounds have been verified rigorously. However, verifications of 1RSB predictions are scarce. Perhaps the most prominent challenge in this context is that of pinning down the random k-SAT threshold rk--SAT. Here we prove that rk--SAT = 2k ln 2--1/2 (1 + ln 2) + ok(1), which matches the 1RSB prediction up to the ok(1) error term. The proof directly employs ideas from the 1RSB cavity method, such as the notion of covers (relaxed satisfying assignments) and bits of the Survey Propagation calculations. The best previous lower bound was rk--SAT ≥ 2k ln 2--3/2 ln 2 + ok(1), matching the replica symmetric lower bound asymptotically [Coja-Oghlan, Panagiotou: STOC 2013]. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
681299 | Unfolding the Mechanism of Chromosome Cohesion and Condensation using Single-Molecule Biophysical Approaches | The global folding of the chromosome is mediated by Structural Maintenance of Chromosome (SMC) proteins, which stabilize the higher-order chromatin architecture by bringing distant DNA sequences together. Despite over a decade of work on these systems, their mechanism remains unknown, largely because of difficulty in re-capitulating physiological DNA binding and condensation in vitro. Moreover, traditional biochemical approaches are poorly suited for the study of processes that are fundamentally mechanical in nature. However, key breakthroughs, including the discovery that SMC is loaded by Spo0J protein at parS sites in vivo, and that parS sites act as global condensation centres for the chromosome have opened new possibilities to study chromosome organisation using single-molecule (SM) approaches. Importantly, our recent experiments with Magnetic Tweezers (MT) have already revealed a novel function of Spo0J in condensing DNA via a parS-independent binding mechanism.
Inspired by these recent discoveries, I have devised a series of novel SM biophysical approaches with the ambitious goal of determining the mechanism of action of SMC complexes, including understanding the role of SMC loaders and SMC accessory subunits, and how these proteins are regulated by ATP binding and hydrolysis for chromosome organisation. The rationale behind this approach is that SM methods are particularly well-suited for monitoring DNA cohesion and condensation where manipulation of individual DNA molecules, measurement of forces, and addition of proteins and buffer solutions can be carefully controlled. High throughput MT will be combined with fast video imaging, optical trapping, and fluorescence; and will be used to interrogate hypothetical models for SMC-DNA interactions. Finally, the novel assays developed here may be applicable to other protein-DNA interactions including variant SMC-like proteins specialized for other biological functions such as DNA repair. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1507459112 | Lymphomagenic CARD11/BCL10/MALT1 signaling drives malignant B-cell proliferation via cooperative NF-κB and JNK activation | The aggressive activated B cell-like subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is characterized by aberrant B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and constitutive nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) activation, which is required for tumor cell survival. BCR-induced NF-κB activation requires caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 11 (CARD11), and CARD11 gain-of-function mutations are recurrently detected in human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). To investigate the consequences of dysregulated CARD11 signaling in vivo, we generated mice that conditionally express the human DLBCL-derived CARD11(L225LI) mutant. Surprisingly, CARD11(L225LI) was sufficient to trigger aggressive B-cell lymphoproliferation, leading to early postnatal lethality. CARD11(L225LI) constitutively associated with B-cell CLL/lymphoma 10 (BCL10) and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation gene 1 (MALT1) to simultaneously activate the NF-κB and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling cascades. Genetic deficiencies of either BCL10 or MALT1 completely rescued the phenotype, and pharmacological inhibition of JNK was, similar to NF-κB blockage, toxic to autonomously proliferating CARD11(L225LI)-expressing B cells. Moreover, constitutive JNK activity was observed in primary human activated B cell-like (ABC)-DLBCL specimens, and human ABC-DLBCL cells were also sensitive to JNK inhibitors. Thus, our results demonstrate that enforced activation of CARD11/BCL10/MALT1 signaling is sufficient to drive transformed B-cell expansion in vivo and identify the JNK pathway as a therapeutic target for ABC-DLBCL. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
174139 | Novel concept of a modular shelter unit for rapid installation | Urbana de Exteriores is specialised in rehabilitation and conservation of buildings and constructions. Aligned with the use of novel innovative solutions for the constructive sector, the company has decided to focus on the development of SURI as a result of their experience in humanitarian aid after the earthquakes in Lorca and Haiti.
According to UN there were more than 11 million refugees in 2013. Provision of shelter is one of the main concerns of humanitarian agencies, but finding durable solutions is a challenge that is still not covered. Current solutions do not meet the needs that rise after a natural disaster, a war conflict or a situation of crisis or poverty. Most refugee camps are planned to be temporary, but become long term camps without minimum life conditions. UN Agencies spent more than 100 million USD in shelter equipment and supplies in 2013.
SURI is a novel concept of a modular shelter. It is low cost, easy to transport, quick and easy to install, flexible, and energy self-sufficient, provides maximum comfort from the first moment. It introduces innovations in materials, design and manufacturing processes. The objective is to offer the best alternative to actual shelter units.
The feasibility study will determine the viability from an economic, legal and technical point of view. In particular, the identification of new potential applications and markets such as housing, sanitary, military, educational or leisure will be analysed. According to these potential new sectors, a description of the legal requirements, resources, development needs and technical specifications will be done. The business plan will be completed with this information. Phase 2 will focus on the improvement of the materials used in SURI units in order to reinforce frames, lighten the structure and enhance its transportation so as to increase the competitiveness by improving its features and profitability. These new applications will open the market to new sectors. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1002/smll.201300378 | Dynamic motion of ru-polyoxometalate ions (POMs) on functionalized few-layer graphene | The interaction and stability of Ru4POM on few layer graphene via functional groups is investigated by time-dependent imaging using aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy. The Ru4POM demonstrates dynamic motion on the graphene surface with its frequency and amplitude of rotation related to the nature of the functional group used. The stability of the Ru4POM-graphene hybrid corroborates its long-term robustness when applied to multielectronic catalytic processes. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1089/aid.2015.0324 | The Neutralizing Antibody Response in an Individual with Triple HIV-1 Infection Remains Directed at the First Infecting Subtype | The effect of serial HIV-1 infection on the development of the broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) response was studied in an individual, H01-10366, with a serial HIV-1 superinfection (SI), hence triple infection, and compared with the bNAb response in three superinfected as well as 11 monoinfected men who have had sex with men (MSM) from Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Neutralization assays measuring heterologous neutralizing antibody (NAb) titers on a panel of six representative viruses from different HIV-1 subtypes were performed on blood serum samples obtained ∼3 years after primary HIV infection (PHI) and longitudinally for H01-10366. A bNAb response was defined as having a geometric mean neutralization titer (the reciprocal serum dilution giving 50% inhibition of virus infection, inhibitory dilution (ID50)) ≥100 and neutralizing >50% of viruses in the panel with an ID50 titer ≥100. H01-10366 quickly developed a potent NAb response against subtype B viruses before subtype B SI, but no broadening of the response occurred after the second subtype B infection or the third infection with CRF01-AE. When comparing H01-10366 with matched monoinfected (N = 11) and superinfected (N = 3) individuals analyzed 3 years after PHI, we found that 5 of the 15 individuals (4/11 monoinfected, 1/4 SI) developed a bNAb response. However, there was no statistically discernible difference between the bNAb response and HIV-1 SI. Thus, HIV-1 SI was not associated with the breadth and potency of the bNAb response in this small group of Dutch MSM with SI that included a triple HIV-1-infected individual. Copyright Mary Ann Liebert, Inc 2016. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
EP 2010062967 W | COMPOSITION FOR CLEANING WITH ENHANCED ACTIVITY | The present invention relates to a cleaning composition with enhanced cleaning activity and to the use for cleaning of hard and soft surfaces. In particular, the invention relates to a liquid alkaline cleaning composition useful in the cleaning of all kinds of articles or surfaces. The composition for cleaning comprises: a) at least one chelant of a water-soluble aminopolycarboxylate and/or aminopolycarboxylic acid; b) at least one C3 to C9 organic carboxylate and/or C3 to C9 organic carboxylic acid; c) at least one sequestering agent; d) at least one liquid conditioner polymer of monomers of water-soluble monoethylenically unsaturated C3 to C8-carboxylates and/or of water-soluble monoethylenically unsaturated C3 to C8-carboxylic acids; e) at least one solvent; wherein the weight ratio of the C3 to C9 organic carboxylate and/or C3 to C9 organic carboxylic acid to the water-soluble aminopolycarboxylate and/or aminopolycarboxylic acid is in the range from 1:1 to 1:5. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1039/c5cc10495e | The Verwey structure of a natural magnetite | Complex charge and orbital molecule order observed in natural magnetite comparable to meteoritic samples is the most complex electronic order known to occur naturally. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1101/gad.255984.114 | Activin/Nodal signaling and NANOG orchestrate human embryonic stem cell fate decisions by controlling the H3K4me3 chromatin mark | Stem cells can self-renew and differentiate into multiple cell types. These characteristics are maintained by the combination of specific signaling pathways and transcription factors that cooperate to establish a unique epigenetic state. Despite the broad interest of these mechanisms, the precise molecular controls by which extracellular signals organize epigenetic marks to confer multipotency remain to be uncovered. Here, we use human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to show that the Activin–SMAD2/3 signaling pathway cooperates with the core pluripotency factor NANOG to recruit the DPY30-COMPASS histone modifiers onto key developmental genes. Functional studies demonstrate the importance of these interactions for correct histone 3 Lys4 trimethylation and also self-renewal and differentiation. Finally, genetic studies in mice show that Dpy30 is also necessary to maintain pluripotency in the pregastrulation embryo, thereby confirming the existence of similar regulations in vivo during early embryonic development. Our results reveal the mechanisms by which extracellular factors coordinate chromatin status and cell fate decisions in hESCs. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1479125512 | Gradual bipolar resistive switching in Ni/Si3N4/n+-Si resistive-switching memory device for high-density integration and low-power applications | Abstract In this work, we report a gradual bipolar resistive switching memory device using Ni/Si 3 N 4 / n + -Si structure. Different reset transitions are observed depending on compliance current ( I COMP ). The reset switching becomes abrupt around I COMP = 10 mA, while gradual reset switching with fine controllability is preserved for the devices with I COMP I COMP and reset stop voltage ( V STOP ) for I COMP I COMP = 10 mA, low resistance state (LRS) shows Ohmic behavior with metallic conducting paths, while high resistance state (HRS) shows non-Ohmic behavior. Also, it is revealed that LRS and HRS conductions follow space-charge-limited current (SCLC) mechanism in low I COMP regime ( I COMP | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2065692154 | Predicting influenza vaccination uptake among health care workers: What are the key motivators? | Health care worker (HCW) vaccination was critical to protecting HCW during the H1N1 pandemic. However, vaccine uptake rates fell below recommended targets. This study examined motivators and barriers influencing HCW pH1N1 vaccination to identify modifiable factors that can improve influenza vaccine uptake.A cross-sectional survey was conducted at a large Canadian tertiary care hospital. HCW (N = 3,275) completed measures of demographics, vaccination history, influenza risk factors, and attitudes toward pH1N1 vaccination. Self-reported vaccination was verified with staff vaccination records. Of the total sample, 2,862 (87.4%) HCW received the pH1N1 vaccine. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to predict HCW vaccination.HCW attitudes toward vaccination significantly predicted vaccination, even after adjusting for demographics, vaccine history, and influenza risk factors. This model correctly predicted 95% (confidence interval [CI]: 0.93-0.96) of HCW vaccination. Key modifiable factors driving HCW vaccination include (1) desire to protect family members and patients, (2) belief that vaccination is important even if one is healthy, (3) confidence in vaccine safety, and (4) supervisor and physician encouragement.This research identified fundamental reasons why HCW get vaccinated and provides direction for future influenza vaccination programs. To enhance vaccine uptake, it is important to target HCW attitudes in influenza vaccine campaigns and create a culture of vaccine promotion in the workplace, including strong messaging from supervisors and physicians. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
948636 | Real-time analysis of ribosomal frameshifting and its impact on immunity and disease | The coding region of many genes contains sequence elements that constitute roadblocks during mRNA translation. These roadblocks present problems, but also opportunities for the cell to increase the coding capacity of the genome by so-called programmed ribosome frameshifting (PRF). PRF is a universal gene expression strategy that brings plasticity to the proteome. It is widely studied in viruses and bacteria, yet poorly understood in humans.
My own mechanistic discoveries have highlighted that, regardless of various stimulatory structures and slippery nucleotides involved, PRF in bacterial and viral mRNAs follows one of the two general pathways depending on substrate. In contrast, many questions remain regarding the occurrences of PRF in humans and its regulation by recently discovered trans-acting viral and cellular factors.
In T-FRAME, I will investigate the mechanism of PRF and its role in disease using HIV infection of human-T lymphocytes as an in vivo paradigm. To study molecular details of how trans-factors modulate PRF, I will leverage cutting-edge ensemble and single-molecule techniques to monitor the ribosome as it moves along the mRNA codon per codon. In addition, I will assess mRNA interactions with PRF factors during this process. Using a PRF-RNA-interactome capture assay that we have recently developed, I will search for new trans- factors in human cells. Finally, I will study the translation of T cells and HIV-1 on a global level during infection to understand the full scope and dynamic nature of PRF in this model system.
To summarize, T-FRAME will advance our understanding of how RNA structure and trans-factors shape translation regimes in higher eukaryotes and how deviations from the standard decoding path impact infection and innate immunity. I envision harnessing these findings to develop novel tools for synthetic biology and new design principles for RNA-centric antiviral and immune therapies. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
306274 | High-Dimensional Sparse Optimal Control | We are addressing the analysis and numerical methods for the tractable simulation and the optimal control of dynamical systems which are modeling the behavior of a large number N of complex interacting agents described by a large amount of parameters (high-dimension). We are facing fundamental challenges:
- Random projections and recovery for high-dimensional dynamical systems: we shall explore how concepts of data compression via Johnson-Lindenstrauss random embeddings onto lower-dimensional spaces can be applied for tractable simulation of complex dynamical interactions. As a fundamental subtask for the recovery of high-dimensional trajectories from low-dimensional simulated ones, we will address the efficient recovery of point clouds defined on embedded manifolds from random projections.
-Mean field equations: for the limit of the number N of agents to infinity, we shall further explore how the concepts of compression can be generalized to work for associated mean field equations.
- Approximating functions in high-dimension: differently from purely physical problems, in the real life the ”social forces” which are ruling the dynamics are actually not known. Hence we will address the problem of automatic learning from collected data the fundamental functions governing the dynamics.
- Homogenization of multibody systems: while the emphasis of our modelling is on “social” dynamics, we will also investigate methods to recast multibody systems into our high-dimensional framework in order to achieve nonstandard homogenization by random projections.
- Sparse optimal control in high-dimension and mean field optimal control: while self-organization of such dynamical systems has been so far a mainstream, we will focus on their sparse optimal control in high-dimension. We will investigate L1-minimization to design sparse optimal controls. We will learn high-dimensional (sparse) controls by random projections to lower dimension spaces and their mean field limit. | [
"Mathematics",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W3094194576 | Qualitative Analysis of the Dynamics of a Two-Component Chiral Cosmological Model | We present a qualitative analysis of chiral cosmological model (CCM) dynamics with two scalar fields in the spatially flat Friedman–Robertson–Walker Universe. The asymptotic behavior of chiral models is investigated based on the characteristics of the critical points of the selfinteraction potential and zeros of the metric components of the chiral space. The classification of critical points of CCMs is proposed. The role of zeros of the metric components of the chiral space in the asymptotic dynamics is analysed. It is shown that such zeros lead to new critical points of the corresponding dynamical systems. Examples of models with different types of zeros of metric components are represented. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1074/jbc.M114.561845 | Involvement of MicroRNAs in the regulation of muscle wasting during catabolic conditions | Background: MicroRNAs are important modulators of gene expression but their role in the atrophy program and in muscle loss is unknown. Results: miRNA-206 and miRNA-21 are critical for regulation of the atrophy program after denervation. Conclusion: miRNAs are important for the fine-tuning of the atrophy program. Significance: Modulating miRNA expression is a novel potential therapeutic approach for counteracting muscle loss and weakness in catabolic conditions. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
185262 | Efficient co-electrolyser for efficient renewable energy storage - eco | The overall goal of ECo is to develop and validate a highly efficient co-electrolysis process for conversion of excess renewable electricity into distributable and storable hydrocarbons via simultaneous electrolysis of steam and CO2 through SOEC (Solid Oxide Electrolysis Cells) thus moving the technology from technology readiness level (TRL) 3 to 5.
In relation to the work program, ECo will specifically:
• Develop and prove improved solid oxide cells (SOEC) based on novel cell structure including electrode backbone structures and infiltration and design of electrolyte/electrode interfaces to achieve high performances and high efficiencies at ~100 oC lower operating temperatures than state-of-the-art in order to reduce thermally activated degradation processes, to improve integration with hydrocarbon production, and to reduce overall costs.
• Investigate durability under realistic co-electrolysis operating conditions that include dynamic electricity input from fluctuating sources with the aim to achieve degradation rates below 1%/1000 h at stack level under relevant operating conditions.
• Design a plant to integrate the co-electrolysis with fluctuating electricity input and catalytic processes for hydrocarbon production, with special emphasis on methanation (considering both external and internal) and perform selected validation tests under the thus needed operating conditions.
• Test a co-electrolysis system under realistic conditions for final validation of the obtained results at larger scale.
• Demonstrate economic viability for overall process efficiencies exceeding 60% using results obtained in the project for the case of storage media such as methane and compare to traditional technologies with the aim to identify critical performance parameters that have to be improved.
Perform a life cycle assessment with CO2 from different sources (cement industry or biogas) and electricity from preferably renewable sources to prove the recycling potential of the concept | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.soilbio.2018.07.023 | Cellular and non-cellular mineralization of organic carbon in soils with contrasted physicochemical properties | It has been recently demonstrated that soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization is supported by intracellular respiration of heterotrophic microorganisms and by non-cellular oxidative processes. However, little is known about the prevalence and drivers of non-cellular SOC mineralization among soils. In this study, untreated and gamma-irradiated soils sampled along a latitudinal gradient and exhibiting contrasted physicochemical properties were incubated in order to quantify potential non-cellular SOC mineralization and to identify its sensibility to soil properties. In sterilized and unsterilized soils, CO2 emission mirrored O2 consumption signifying the presence of several coupled redox reactions transferring electrons from organic C to intermediate acceptors and to O2. This supports the idea that non-cellular mineralization results from extracellular oxidative metabolisms catalyzed by soil enzymes and/or abiotic catalysts. Our findings also show that non-cellular SOC mineralization is ubiquitous and contributes to 24% of soil respiration on average. Cellular and non-cellular SOC mineralization are positively linked but the contribution of non-cellular processes to soil CO2 emissions increases with dissolved organic carbon concentration. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
10.1182/blood-2013-06-508267 | A Mendelian predisposition to B-cell lymphoma caused by IL-10R deficiency | Monogenic interleukin-10 (IL-10) and IL-10 receptor (IL-10R) deficiencies cause very early onset severe inflammatory bowel disease. Here, we report that 5 patients with an IL-10R1 (n = 1) or IL-10R2 (n = 4) deficiency developed B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma between the ages of 5 and 6 years (which was recurrent in 1 patient). These lymphomas had someof the characteristics of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas and contained monoclonal, Epstein-Barr virus-negative germinal center B cells. The tumors displayed a remarkably homogeneous signature, with original activation of the nuclear factor κB pathway and a decrease in intratumor T-cell infiltration. Hence, IL-10R deficiency is associated with a high risk of developing B-cell lymphoma. Our results revealed an unexpected role of the IL-10R pathway in lymphomagenesis. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2079629743 | Detection of cellular aging in a Galton–Watson process | We consider the bifurcating Markov chain model introduced by Guyon to detect cellular aging from cell lineage. To take into account the possibility for a cell to die, we use an underlying super-critical binary Galton–Watson process to describe the evolution of the cell lineage. We give in this more general framework a weak law of large number, an invariance principle and thus fluctuation results for the average over all individuals in a given generation, or up to a given generation. We also prove that the fluctuations over each generation are independent. Then we present the natural modifications of the tests given by Guyon in cellular aging detection within the particular case of the auto-regressive model. | [
"Mathematics",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.18054/pb.v118i4.4737 | Physiology, phylogeny, and the energetic roots of life | Before the days of molecular phylogenies, the standard way of viewing microbial evolution was as process of physiological evolution: the ordering of the sequence of events in which different pathways that microbes use to harness carbon and energy arose. The physiological view of microbial evolution was, of course, replaced in the 1980s by a gene centered view of microbial evolution that was built around the ribosomal RNA tree of life, also called the universal tree or the three domain tree. The universal tree installed long sought order into microbial systematics, but left physiological evolution out in the cold, because physiology never mapped properly onto the rRNA tree. That was not because the universal tree had an incorrect branching pattern. Rather it was because physiological characters have never mapped neatly onto any phylogenetic tree for prokaryotes, regardless of its topology. The reason is that prokaryotes, though they have an undeniable tendency to vertically inherit their ribosome, distribute the physiological traits that enable synthesis of ribosomes via lateral gene transfer (LGT). Geochemical isotope evidence harbors evidence for the existence of physiological processes, not for phylogeny, because LGT decouples physiology from phylogeny in prokaryotes. If we want a fuller picture of microbial evolution, we will have to incorporate aspects of physiology, phylogeny, and the geological record. The issue of how physiology got started has always been interesting. Non-fermentative substrate level phosphorylations as they occur in some acetogens and methanogens now look like good candidate reactions for that starting point, helping to put chemical roots on life's tree. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1016/j.palaeo.2014.03.012 | A new fossil-lagerstätte from the lower eocene of lessini mountains (northern Italy): A multidisciplinary approach | Hemipelagic dark limestones within calciturbiditic deposits at Monte Solane in the western Lessini Mountains of northern Italy yield a fish fauna dominated by stomiiforms. A minor component of the fossil assemblage is represented by a macroalgal non-calcareous flora associated with rarer terrestrial components including few angiosperm leaves and seeds. Micropaleontological (foraminifera, dinoflagellate cysts), sedimentological and geochemical proxies (TEX86) indicate a deposition of the fossil-bearing bed in a hypoxic to possibly anoxic, warm, restricted basin. High-precision dating based on rich foraminiferal and calcareous nannoplankton content allows ascribing the site to the upper part of the Ypresian (Lower Eocene). The site is slightly older than the Ypresian worldwide-famous shallow-water Bolca Konservat-Lagerstätte located in the same region. Convergent paleoenvironmental clues based on both microfossils and ichthyofauna indicate that the sediments were deposited in the upper bathyal zone, probably between 300 and 600m. Solane is therefore one of the rare and precious Eocene Lagerstätte to have fossilized in a deep marine setting. The site contains the oldest Cenozoic record of an ichthyofauna dominated by meso-bathypelagic taxa. | [
"Earth System Science",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1007/978-3-319-49996-3_8 | Emergent Dynamics Of The Cucker Smale Flocking Model And Its Variants | In this chapter, we present the Cucker–Smale-type flocking models and discuss their mathematical structures and flocking theorems in terms of coupling strength, interaction topologies, and initial data. In 2007, two mathematicians Felipe Cucker and Steve Smale introduced a second-order particle model which resembles Newton’s equations in N-body system and present how their simple model can exhibit emergent flocking behavior under sufficient conditions expressed only in terms of parameters and initial data. After Cucker–Smale’s seminal works in [31, 32], their model has received lots of attention from applied math and control engineering communities. We discuss the state of the art for the flocking theorems to Cucker–Smale-type flocking models. | [
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s10980-020-00988-9 | Variation in parasitoid attraction to herbivore-infested plants and alternative host plant cover mediate tritrophic interactions at the landscape scale | Abstract
Context
Tritrophic interactions may be affected by local factors and the broader landscape context. At small spatial scales, carnivorous enemies of herbivorous insects use herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs) to find herbivores, but it is unknown whether variation in plant attractiveness due to differential HIPV emission can enhance recruitment of carnivores from the wider landscape. Objectives
We studied whether parasitism of caterpillars of the butterfly Pieris brassicae on white cabbage was influenced by landscape composition and cover with brassicaceous species that provide hosts for parasitoids of P. brassicae in 19 landscapes in the Netherlands. We also investigated whether differential attraction of parasitoids to herbivore-infested plants affected parasitism of P. brassicae caterpillars by using different accessions as proxies for HIPV emission. Results
The cabbage accession that is highly attractive to parasitic wasps recruited more wasps than a less attractive accession, but only when parasitism rates were high. Parasitism rate as proxy of wasp recruitment correlated positively with the cover of brassicaceous plants and area of arable land, suggesting that these habitats support hosts for the wasps and their population growth. In contrast, forest area was negatively associated with parasitism rates. Conclusions
Our study shows that the degree of attractiveness of plants to parasitoids, which is probably mediated by HIPVs, can be a useful predictor of parasitism, but needs to be considered within the landscape context. To understand the strength of tritrophic interactions it is crucial to consider local-scale processes driven by plant-trait variation in combination with landscape-scale processes that determine carnivore abundance. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W1525685977 | The evolution of the low-cost airlines in US. The case study on Southwest and Jetblue airlines | The low-cost companies emerged for the first time in the USA airlines’ industry, their model being subsequently taken by the world-wide operators. The purpose of the present paper is to analyze the development stages of the USA low-cost operators’ market, identifying the determinants of the evolution of two major airlines: Southwest and JetBlue, through an empirical study conducted on these two companies in the end of the year 2009. Therefore, the information was collected both from secondary and primary sources, fact that allowed not only a descriptive approach of the low-cost airlines, but also an empirical research based on a questionnaire delivered by email to the two US operators. The information received was analyzed, tabulated and interpreted for each operator. The conclusions of this study suggest the fact that the market of the low-cost airlines from USA is in a stage much more advanced than those from other regions, being nowadays in the maturity phase. Regarding Southwest and JetBlue, we do notice the fact that the methods used by them in lowering the tariffs are based not only on the cost reduction, as it is the case of other lowcost operators, but also on maintaining a good ratio between their price and the quality of the services offered. The results presented in the end of the paper made the object of a larger case study. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-020-58634-y | Inferring quantity and qualities of superimposed reaction rates from single molecule survival time distributions | AbstractActions of molecular species, for example binding of transcription factors to chromatin, may comprise several superimposed reaction pathways. The number and the rate constants of such superimposed reactions can in principle be resolved by inverse Laplace transformation of the corresponding distribution of reaction lifetimes. However, current approaches to solve this transformation are challenged by photobleaching-prone fluorescence measurements of lifetime distributions. Here, we present a genuine rate identification method (GRID), which infers the quantity, rates and amplitudes of dissociation processes from fluorescence lifetime distributions using a dense grid of possible decay rates. In contrast to common multi-exponential analysis of lifetime distributions, GRID is able to distinguish between broad and narrow clusters of decay rates. We validate GRID by simulations and apply it to CDX2-chromatin interactions measured by live cell single molecule fluorescence microscopy. GRID reveals well-separated narrow decay rate clusters of CDX2, in part overlooked by multi-exponential analysis. We discuss the amplitudes of the decay rate spectrum in terms of frequency of observed events and occupation probability of reaction states. We further demonstrate that a narrow decay rate cluster is compatible with a common model of TF sliding on DNA. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W2237909 | Incorporating Hierarchical Dirichlet Process into Tag Topic Model | The Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) is a parametric approach and the number of topics must be predefined. So it is natural to try to capture uncertainty regarding the number of topics. This paper proposes a Tag Hierarchical Dirichlet Process (THDP) that automatically infers the number of topics while also leveraging the tag information associated with each document. In this model, we assume that an author is clear in his mind that the content will contains which aspects and for each aspect he will choose a tag to describe it, and then we consider problems involving groups of tag, where each tag within a group is a draw from a mixture model and it is desirable to share topic between groups. In this setting it is natural to consider Hierarchical Dirichlet Process, Where the well-known clustering property of the Dirichlet process provides a nonparametric prior for the number of topic within each tag. Experimental results on corpora demonstrate superior performance over the THDP model. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1021/la5007132 | Self-assembly of polyisoprenoyl gemcitabine conjugates: Influence of supramolecular organization on their biological activity | An amphiphilic prodrug of gemcitabine, a cytidine analogue used clinically against various tumors, had been previously synthesized by covalent coupling to squalene, a natural isoprenoid chain. The resulting bioconjugate self-assembled spontaneously in water as nanoparticles, displaying an impressive activity both in vitro and in vivo. The aim of the present study was to determine the influence of the length of the isoprene moiety on the structure of the nanoparticles, in an attempt to establish a relationship between the chemical structure of the prodrug, its supramolecular organization, and its pharmacological activity. Remarkably, gemcitabine-squalene and gemcitabine-5-isoprenes, which differ only in the position of two methyl groups on the hydrophobic chain, displayed different supramolecular organizations and different anticancer activities on some cell lines. This difference in activity was related to the ability of nanoparticles to be internalized by cells. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
W2909662126 | Preheating Quantification for Smart Hybrid Heat Pumps Considering Uncertainty | The deployment of smart hybrid heat pumps (SHHPs) can introduce considerable benefits to electricity systems via smart switching between electricity and gas while minimizing the total heating cost for each individual customer. In particular, the fully optimized control technology can provide flexible heat that redistributes the heat demand across time for improving the utilization of low-carbon generation and enhancing the overall energy efficiency of the heating system. To this end, an accurate quantification of the preheating is of great importance to characterize the flexible heat. This paper proposes a novel data-driven preheating quantification method to estimate the capability of the heat pump demand shifting and isolate the effect of interventions. Varieties of fine-grained data from a real-world trial are exploited to estimate the baseline heat demand using Bayesian deep learning while jointly considering epistemic and aleatoric uncertainties. A comprehensive range of case studies are carried out to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed quantification method, and then, the estimated demand shift is used as an input into the whole-system model to investigate the system implications and quantify the range of benefits of rolling out the SHHPs developed by PassivSystems to the future GB electricity systems. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.98.075135 | Bond disproportionation, charge self-regulation, and ligand holes in s-p and in d -electron ABX3 perovskites by density functional theory | Some ABX3 perovskites exhibit different local environments (DLE) for the same B atoms in the lattice, an effect referred to as disproportionation, distinguishing such compounds from common perovskites that have single local environments (SLE). The basic phenomenology associated with such disproportionation involves the absence of B-atom charge ordering, the creation of different B-X bond length ("bond alternation") for different local environments, the appearance of metal (in SLE) to insulator (in DLE) transitions, and the formation of ligand holes. We point out that this phenomenology is common to a broad range of chemical bonding patterns in ABX3 compounds, either with s-p electron B-metal cations (BaBiO3, CsTlF3) or with noble-metal cations (CsAuCl3), as well as with d-electron cations (SmNiO3, CaFeO3). We show that underlying much of this phenomenology is the "self-regulating response," whereby in strongly bonded metal-ligand systems with high-lying ligand orbitals, the system protects itself from creating highly charged cations by transferring ligand electrons to the metal, thus preserving a nearly constant metal charge in different local environments, while creating B-ligand bond alternation and ligand-like conduction band ("ligand hole" states). We are asking what are the minimal theory ingredients needed to explain the main features of this SLE-to-DLE phenomenology, such as its energetic driving force, bond length changes, possible modifications in charge density, and density of state changes. Using as a guide the lowering of the total energy in DLE relative to SLE, we show that density functional calculations describe this phenomenology across the whole chemical bonding range without resort to special strong correlation effects, beyond what DFT naturally contains. In particular, lower total energy configurations (DLE) naturally develop bond alternation, gapping of the metallic SLE state, and absence of charge ordering with ligand hole formation. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1016/j.immuni.2016.08.015 | Unsupervised High-Dimensional Analysis Aligns Dendritic Cells across Tissues and Species | Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that hold great therapeutic potential. Multiple DC subsets have been described, and it remains challenging to align them across tissues and species to analyze their function in the absence of macrophage contamination. Here, we provide and validate a universal toolbox for the automated identification of DCs through unsupervised analysis of conventional flow cytometry and mass cytometry data obtained from multiple mouse, macaque, and human tissues. The use of a minimal set of lineage-imprinted markers was sufficient to subdivide DCs into conventional type 1 (cDC1s), conventional type 2 (cDC2s), and plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) across tissues and species. This way, a large number of additional markers can still be used to further characterize the heterogeneity of DCs across tissues and during inflammation. This framework represents the way forward to a universal, high-throughput, and standardized analysis of DC populations from mutant mice and human patients. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W2001707301 | Modeling of lightly doped drain and source graphene nanoribbon field effect transistors | Abstract In this paper, to minimize the tunneling leakage current, we propose a graphene nanoribbon (GNR) field effect transistor (FET) using lightly doped drain and source (LDDS) between intrinsic channel region and highly doped source and drain regions. By using a nonequilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) method, the transport characteristics of LDDS-GNRFET in comparison to those of conventional GNRFET are investigated. According to simulation results, LDDS-GNRFET with proper doping in LDDS regions, demonstrates much less leakage current, larger ON–OFF ratio ( I on /I off ), better subthreshold-swing (SS), no ambipolar characteristic, and better switching parameters. These advantages represent the proposed structure as a suitable candidate for low-power and high-speed applications. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
889448 | Controlling ultrafast heat in layered materials | In this project I propose to take advantage of the enormous potential created by the recent material science revolution based on two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, by bringing it to the arena of nanoscale heat transport, where heat transport occurs on ultrafast timescales. This opens up a new research field of controllable ultrafast heat transport in layered materials. In particular, I will take advantage of the myriad of possibilities for miniature material and device design, with unprecedented controllability and versatility, offered by Van der Waals (VdW) heterostructures – stacks of different layered materials assembled on top of each other – and 1D systems of layered materials.
Specifically, I will introduce novel device geometries based on VdW heterostructures for passively and actively controlling phonon modes and thermal transport. This will be measured mainly using time-domain thermoreflectance measurements. I will also develop novel time-resolved measurement techniques to follow heat spreading and coupling between different heat carriers: light, phonons, and electrons. These techniques will be mainly based on time-resolved infrared/Raman spectroscopy and photocurrent scanning microscopy. Moreover, I will study one-dimensional layered materials and assess their thermoelectric properties using electrical measurements. And finally, I will combine these results into hybrid devices with a photoactive layer, in order to demonstrate how phonon control allows for tuning of electrical and optoelectronic properties.
The results of this project will have an impact on the major research fields of phononics, electronics and photonics, revealing novel physical phenomena. Additionally, the results are likely to be useful towards applications such as thermal management, thermoelectrics, photovoltaics and photodetection. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/s40803-017-0065-y | The Strasbourg Court Meets Abusive Constitutionalism: Baka v. Hungary and the Rule of Law | The rise of abusive constitutionalism in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) has hit the domestic judiciaries particularly hard. Viktor Orbán expanded the size of the Constitutional Court and then packed it, made sure that he can install a new president of the Constitutional Court, ousted the Supreme Court president through a constitutional amendment, disempowered the existing judicial council and created the new institution with power over ordinary judicial appointments. Jaroslav Kaczyński followed the same playbook in Poland. While most scholars have focused primarily on effects of abusive constitutionalism upon the constitutional courts, we argue that the keys to the long-term control of the judiciary are presidents of ordinary courts and judicial councils. The dismissal of the Hungarian Supreme Court President is a perfect example of this logic—by this move Orbán got rid of the most important court president in the country, the head of the Hungarian judicial council and his most vocal critic. Yet, András Baka lodged an application to the ECtHR and won. This article analyses the Grand Chamber judgment in Baka v. Hungary, its implication for the rule of law, and the limits of what the ECtHR can achieve against abusive constitutionalism. It concludes that the Grand Chamber failed on all key fronts. It overlooked the main structural problem behind Mr. Baka’s dismissal (the broad powers of court presidents in CEE), it has blurred the Convention’s understanding of the concept of the rule of law, and it failed in delivering a persuasive judgment firmly based on the existing ECtHR’s case law. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1088/1748-0221/13/09/P09005 | Optimisation Of The Scintillation Light Collection And Uniformity For The Solid Experiment | This paper presents a comprehensive optimisation study to maximise the light collection efficiency of scintillating cube elements used in the SoLid detector. Very short baseline reactor experiments, like SoLid, look for active to sterile neutrino oscillation signatures in the anti-neutrino energy spectrum as a function of the distance to the core and energy. Performing a precise search requires high light yield of the scintillating elements and uniformity of the response in the detector volume. The SoLid experiment uses an innovative hybrid technology with two different scintillators: polyvinyltoluene scintillator cubes and 6LiF:ZnS(Ag) screens. A precision test bench based on a 207Bi calibration source has been developed to study improvements on the energy resolution and uniformity of the prompt scintillation signal of antineutrino interactions. A trigger system selecting the 1 MeV conversion electrons provides a Gaussian energy peak and allows for precise comparisons of the different detector configurations that were considered to improve the SoLid detector light collection. The light collection efficiency is influenced by the choice of wrapping material, the position of the 6LiF:ZnS(Ag) screen, the type of fibre, the number of optical fibres and the type of mirror at the end of the fibre. This study shows that large gains in light collection efficiency are possible compared to the SoLid SM1 prototype. The light yield for the SoLid detector is expected to be at least 52±2 photo-avalanches per MeV per cube, with a relative non-uniformity of 6 %, demonstrating that the required energy resolution of at least 14 % at 1 MeV can be achieved. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
3726691 | Twinning towards the russian-armenian university’s scientific excellence and innovation capacity in nanomaterials for quantum information and quantum optics | Quantum Technology (QT) is an emerging field with a heavy volume of investments globally – private (Google, IBM, Toshiba) and public (Canada, U.S., and EU with its 1 billion EUR Quantum Flagship). Among the most evident benefits provided by QT are highly efficient quantum computers decreasing ICT energy consumption and footprint, and boosting Artificial Intelligence and Big Data applications for improved economic efficiency, health, safety.
At the same time, Quantum Information Science is a rapidly evolving discipline with many research challenges, making the observation of quantum components a very actual task.
The Russian-Armenian (Slavonic) University from Armenia is a national leader in Nanotechnology, Quantum Mechanics and Solid State Physics. The NanoQIQO Twinning project is initiated by RAU to enhance the research excellence, increase international visibility and open new prospects of research collaboration, including participation in EU-funded projects.
The project will create a functional research network between RAU and two international leaders in the field of material science, quantum mechanics and quantum optics - University of Hamburg (Germany) and University of Patras (Greece).
NanoQIQO project will include (i) short term exchanges of established researchers with regard to nanomaterials for quantum information and quantum optics; (ii) trainings for early-stage researchers to improve the career prospects; (iii) dissemination and communication campaign to raise RAU’s research profile and enhance the networking with international research community and stakeholders (iv) development of research management and administration skills in the RAU through upgrading of its Department of International Cooperation.
As a result of the project implementation, the RAU will boost its scientific and technological capacity, strengthen reputation and improve competitiveness, contributing together with the partners to the global progress in Quantum Technologies. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
W2057249214 | Dystocia in Friesian cows and its effects on postpartum reproductive performance and milk production | A total of 1,243 records for 585 dairy Friesian cows from 1997-2004 were used to study the factors affecting dystocia and its effects on reproductive performance and milk production. The overall incidence of dystocia was 6.9%. The percentage of dystocia decreased with increasing live body weight, age, and parity of cows (P < 0.05); however, it increased with increasing birth weight of calves (P < 0.05). The highest percentage of dystocia was detected in winter season, but the least percentage was in summer season (P < 0.05). The percentage of incidence of dystocia was significantly (P < 0.05) higher with winter feeding compared to summer ration (8.2% vs. 5.1%). The percentage of incidence of dystocia was significantly (P < 0.05) higher with twinning than single calving (15.5% vs. 6.5%), while not significantly affected by the sex of born calves. Incidence of dystocia had adverse effects on reproductive performance and milk yield. The service interval, service period, days open, and calving interval were significantly (P < 0.05) longer in cows afflicted with dystocia compared to normal cows. The conception rate was lower (P < 0.05), but the number of service per conception was higher (P < 0.05) in cows afflicted with dystocia compared to normal cows (60.5% vs. 73.0% and 3.4 vs. 2.7, respectively). Average daily milk yield was lower (P < 0.05) by 1 kg for cows with incidence of dystocia compared to normal cows. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering"
]
|
223664 | Industrial manufacturing of eco-innovative, safe, sustainable functionalised microencapsulated fragrances for fabric softeners | Fabric softeners are the most popular laundry care products after detergents. They keep clothes soft, enhance nice smells while preventing musty odours, extend the life of clothes, reduce the formation of wrinkles and improve endurance ability of clothes against stains.
However, existing fabric softeners are usually inefficient and contain harmful toxic ingredients that are bad for environment and human health. In a laundry cycle, 95% of softeners are lost in water during the draining process, generating excessive impact on the environment. The remaining 5% of softener remains on clothes for only a short time, before slowly releasing the chemical substances on to skin and the environment.
CARINSA has developed an eco-friendly polymeric coating that microencapsulates fragrances and drastically improves fabric softener efficiency. The fabric softeners produced with our technology do not contain toxic materials, increase the adherence to fabric in the washing process by up to 10 times and will improve softener duration on clothes by up to 330%. ECO-SOFT project represents a huge opportunity for our company (CARINSA) to commercialise an innovative solution that will benefit the whole fabric softener value chain. Our solution, CARINCAP, allows fabric softener manufacturers to increase their gross margin by 30% while final consumers will benefit from an eco-efficient, safe laundry care product that has reduces cost per wash by 61%.
CARINSA has 24 years of experience in the market and is already present in more than 50 countries. We plan to commercialise the technology among fabric softener manufacturers by exploiting our experience in the sector and by using our present channels, which make this project strategically important for the company. Initial market projections suggest that CARINSA will gain about €6M of net profit in 2024 while directly creating 30 new jobs. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1002/anie.201310380 | Enantioselective synthesis of allylboronates and allylic alcohols by copper-catalyzed 1,6-boration | Chiral secondary allylboronates are obtained in high enantioselectivities and 1,6:1,4 ratios by the copper-catalyzed 1,6-boration of electron-deficient dienes with bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2(pin)2). The reactions proceed efficiently using catalyst loadings as low as 0. 0049 mol %. The allylboronates may be oxidized to the allylic alcohols, and can be used in stereoselective aldehyde allylborations. This process was applied to a concise synthesis of atorvastatin, in which the key 1,6-boration was performed using only a 0. 02 mol % catalyst loading. 1,6-Borations of electron-deficient dienes with bis(pinacolato)diboron using copper catalyst loadings as low as 0. 0049 mol % provided chiral allylboronates that, after oxidation, result in allylic alcohols in high enantioselectivities and 1,6:1,4 ratios. The allylboronates can also be used in stereoselective allylations of aldehydes. This process was applied to a concise synthesis of atorvastatin. | [
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201628676 | Herschel Observations Of Edge On Spirals Heroes Iii Dust Energy Balance Study Of Ic 2531 | We investigate the dust energy balance for the edge-on galaxy IC 2531, one of the seven galaxies in the HEROES sample. We perform a state-of-the-art radiative transfer modelling based, for the first time, on a set of optical and near-infrared galaxy images. We show that taking into account near-infrared imaging in the modelling significantly improves the constraints on the retrieved parameters of the dust content. We confirm the result from previous studies that including a young stellar population in the modelling is important for explaining the observed stellar energy distribution. However, the discrepancy between the observed and modelled thermal emission at far-infrared wavelengths, the so-called dust energy balance problem, is still present: the model underestimates the observed fluxes by a factor of about two. We compare two different dust models, and find that dust parameters and thus the spectral energy distribution in the infrared domain are sensitive to the adopted dust model. In general, the THEMIS model reproduces the observed emission in the infrared wavelength domain better than the popular Zubko et al. BARE-GR-S model. Our study of IC 2531 is a pilot case for detailed and uniform radiative transfer modelling of the entire HEROES sample, which will shed more light on the strength and origins of the dust energy balance problem. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
743116 | Turning the concept of magnetocaloric cooling on its head | Twenty years of research in magnetocaloric materials has failed to provide the necessary breakthrough that will lead to a commercial realisation of this technology and satisfy the urgent global need for more efficient refrigeration. We strongly believe that this is a result of looking in the wrong direction. The cool innov project will achieve this breakthrough by rethinking the whole concept of caloric cooling. We are rejecting the conventional idea of squeezing the best out of magneto-structural phase-change materials in relatively low magnetic fields, and instead we introduce a second stimulus in the form of pressure so that we can exploit, rather than avoid, the hysteresis that is inherent in these materials. The hysteresis will allow us to lock-in the magnetisation at saturation as the magnetising field is removed, so that magnetic fields persisting over a large area will no longer be required (instead, we can use a very focused field), and then demagnetise the material in a second step with an applied stress, enabling us to extract a lot more heat. In this case we only need to apply the magnetic field to a small volume of material, making it a completely new application for commercially available, high-temperature, YBCO-type, bulk superconducting permanent magnets. With the high-field, multi-stimuli approach proven, we will develop new magneto/mechanocaloric materials that match the new high-field, hysteresis-positive approach and start to fabricate novel heat-exchanger structures using additive manufacturing, so that we can combine a mechanically sound heat exchanger having a complex geometry with locally tailored, magneto/mechanocaloric properties. The success of cool innov will be game changing. We are being very ambitious in targeting a revolution in cooling technology, but if we succeed, we will have a huge impact on global energy consumption through greater efficiency, thanks to the novel energy materials that will be discovered within cool innov. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
W1493539209 | Mejoramiento en los comportamientos de autocuidado después de una intervención educativa de enfermería con pacientes con falla cardíaca | Objective. To evaluate the improvement in self-care behaviors after a nursing educational intervention in patients with heart failure. Methodology. The study had the participation of 29 patients over 30 years of age, who attended in 2010 the cardiovascular healthcare program of a hospital institution in Medellin (Colombia) and who signed the informed consent and received for nine months a nursing educational intervention consisting of group educational meetings, telenursing sessions, home visits, and support leaflet. The study applied Artinian’s Self-care scale validated in the field, composed of 28 items distributed in four dimensions (request for help, adaptation to disease, and adherence to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments). To evaluate changes in these behaviors, the scale was applied at the beginning and end of the study. Results. Bearing in mind that the maximum possible score in the scale is 84, the patients had initial and final median scores of 40 and 53 (p < 0.05). The dimensions in which the most positive changes were observed were: request for help, adaptation to the disease, and adherence to the pharmacological treatment; regarding adherence to the non-pharmacological treatment, two behaviors did not obtain favorable changes (reduction in salt intake and measurement of the amount of urine eliminated). Conclusion. The nursing educational intervention conducted in our study had beneficial effects on most of the self-care behaviors assessed in individuals with HF. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
10.1016/j.foreco.2018.10.001 | Towards better mapping of forest management patterns: A global allocation approach | Forests provide numerous ecosystem services, such as timber yields, biodiversity protection and climate change mitigation. The type of management has an effect on the provision of these services. Often the demands for these services can lead to conflict – wood harvest can negatively impact biodiversity and climate change mitigation capacity. Although forest management differences are important, spatially explicit data is lacking, in particular on a global scale. We present here a first systematic approach which integrates existing data to map forest management globally through downscaling national and subnational forest data. In our forest management classification, we distinguished between two levels of forest management, with three categories each. Level 1 comprised primary, naturally regrown and planted forests. Level 2 distinguished between different forest uses. We gathered documented locations, where these forest categories were observed, from the literature and a database on ecological diversity. We then performed multinomial logit regression and estimated the effect of 21 socio-economic and bio-physical predictor variables on the occurrence of a forest category. Model results on significance and effect direction of predictor variables were in line with findings of previous studies. Soil and environmental properties, forest conditions and accessibility are important determinants of the occurrence of forest management types. Based on the model results, likelihood maps were calculated and used to spatially allocate national extents of level 1 and level 2 forest categories. When compared to previous studies, our maps showed higher agreement than random samples. Deviations between observed and predicted plantation locations were mostly below 10 km. Our map provides an estimation of global forest management patterns, enhancing previous methodologies and making the best use of data available. Next to having multiple applications, for example within global conservation planning or climate change mitigation analyses, it visualizes the currently available data on forest management on a global level. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1128/JVI.01601-16 | Structure Of Aichi Virus 1 And Its Empty Particle Clues To Kobuvirus Genome Release Mechanism | Aichi virus 1 (AiV-1) is a human pathogen from the Kobuvirus genus of the Picornaviridae family. Worldwide, 80 to 95% of adults have antibodies against the virus. AiV-1 infections are associated wi . . . | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.3390/acoustics2010009 | Historical Acoustics: Relationships between People and Sound over Time | The Special Issue “Historical Acoustics: Relationships between People and Sound over Time” was the inaugural collection of the recently established journal “Acoustics (MDPI)”, so it felt appropriate to give it a focus to history, places and events of historical relevance, seeking to explore the origins of acoustics, and examining the relationships that have evolved over the centuries between people and auditory phenomena [. . . ] | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
W578488647 | Advanced placement study guide, Human geography : people, place, and culture, ninth edition | Human Geography gets general readers to think geographically across scale and across a wide range of geographical phenomena and global issues. All concepts and themes are touched on with the historical background one would expect, but also with current examples to make the reading more relevant. The content is written in such a way that it is approachable and appealing. It includes all of the important themes in a succinct and engaging narrative style that can easily be understood. From the Field boxes and opening vignettes help anyone who has not personally traveled much of the world. General readers will also find the latest data as they build their understanding of important concepts. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1142/S0217751X13501133 | Fermions via spinor-valued one-forms | Spinor-valued one-forms (Rarita-Schwinger fields) are normally used in the context of supergravity, where they describe spin 3/2 particles (gravitinos). Indeed, when decomposed into irreducible representations of the Lorentz group such a field contains both a spin 1/2 and a spin 3/2 component, and the Rarita-Schwinger Lagrangian is designed to make only the spin 3/2 propagate. The opposite construction is also known to be possible. We propose and study a new simple spinor-valued one-form field Lagrangian that describes a propagating spin 1/2 particle. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
Q2892769 | Rui Azevedo Digital Strategy 4.0 | The priority objective of the Rui Azevedo Digital Strategy 4.0? project is to define a strategy for the digital promotion of its activity. We want to make Rui Azevedo a reference company in the use of new online trading channels. | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1101/gr.177220.114 | Megabase-scale deletion using CRISPR/Cas9 to generate a fully haploid human cell line | Near-haploid human cell lines are instrumental for genetic screens and genome engineering as gene inactivation is greatly facilitated by the absence of a second gene copy. However, no completely haploid human cell line has been described, hampering the genetic accessibility of a subset of genes. The near-haploid human cell line HAP1 contains a single copy of all chromosomes except for a heterozygous 30-megabase fragment of Chromosome 15. This large fragment encompasses 330 genes and is integrated on the long arm of Chromosome 19. Here, we employ a CRISPR/Cas9-based genome engineering strategy to excise this sizeable chromosomal fragment and to efficiently and reproducibly derive clones that retain their haploid state. Importantly, spectral karyotyping and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping revealed that engineered-HAPloid (eHAP) cells are fully haploid with no gross chromosomal aberrations induced by Cas9. Furthermore, whole-genome sequence and transcriptome analysis of the parental HAP1 and an eHAP cell line showed that transcriptional changes are limited to the excised Chromosome 15 fragment. Together, we demonstrate the feasibility of efficiently engineering megabase deletions with the CRISPR/Cas9 technology and report the first fully haploid human cell line. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1107/S2059798315022482 | Initiating Heavy Atom Based Phasing By Multi Dimensional Molecular Replacement | To obtain an electron-density map from a macromolecular crystal the phase-problem needs to be solved, which often involves the use of heavy-atom derivative crystals and concomitantly the determination of the heavy atom substructure. This is customarily done by direct methods or Patterson-based approaches, which however may fail when only poorly diffracting derivative crystals are available, as often the case for e. g. membrane proteins. Here we present an approach for heavy atom site identification based on a Molecular Replacement Parameter Matrix (MRPM) search. It involves an n-dimensional search to test a wide spectrum of molecular replacement parameters, such as clusters of different conformations. The result is scored by the ability to identify heavy-atom positions, from anomalous difference Fourier maps, that allow meaningful phases to be determined. The strategy was successfully applied in the determination of a membrane protein structure, the CopA Cu+-ATPase, when other methods had failed to resolve the heavy atom substructure. MRPM is particularly suited for proteins undergoing large conformational changes where multiple search models should be generated, and it enables the identification of weak but correct molecular replacement solutions with maximum contrast to prime experimental phasing efforts. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
W1982690471 | Flow and heat transfer characteristics of falling water film on horizontal circular and non-circular cylinders | Abstract This paper presents a two-dimensional CFD study of the falling film evaporation of horizontal tubes with different shapes applied in the seawater desalination. The flow and heat transfer characteristics of the falling water film on one circular tube and two non-circular shaped tubes, a drop-shaped tube and an oval-shaped tube, are analyzed, respectively. The Volume Of Fluid (VOF) method is employed to investigate the influence of the mass flow rate and the feeder height on the distribution of the film thickness and the heat transfer performance. The numerical results show that the minimum value of the film thickness appears approximately at the angular positions of 125°, 160° and 170° for the smooth circular, oval- and drop-shaped tubes, respectively. The film thickness grows with the increase of the mass flow rate and the decrease of the feeder height, while the variation pattern varies for different tubes. Moreover, compared with the circular tube, the drop- and oval-shaped tubes have a lower dimensionless temperature and a thinner thermal boundary layer, which means a better heat transfer performance. Finally, the numerical results correlate well with the experimental and predicted data in literature. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1088/1742-6596/1522/1/012023 | A Note On The Reconstruction Of A 3D 3C Velocity Field For Box Turbulence | We examine the reconstruction of a three-dimensional three-component (3D-3C) snapshot velocity field in a torus using a denoising method of compressed sensing. Using 30% of the total grid points, we could reconstruct the velocity with a relative error of approximately 10%. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1016/j.worlddev.2017.04.003 | Indirect Recognition. Frontiers and Territorialization around Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, Indonesia | Government institutions and local people in Indonesia have entrenched, resurrected, and reinvented space through their different territorial and property claims. From colonial times, onward, government institutions have dissolved local political orders and territorialized and reordered spatial frontiers. Local resource users, on the other hand, have aligned with, or undermined, the spatial ordering. We analyze government-citizen encounters in West Java and the dynamics of recognition in the fields of government territorialization, taxation, local organization, and identity politics. Spatial categories are struggled over, and groups of actors seek to legitimate their presence, their activities, and their resource use by occupation, mapping, and construction of “public” infrastructure. In the case of conservation in the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, we find that rather than one overarching recognition of a single direct spatial claim to property, a web of direct and indirect claims for recognition emerges between and among claimants and institutions. If direct claims to resources are impossible to pursue, people lodge indirect claims. In everyday situations, indirect recognition can perform important legal and political work. After the authoritarian New Order regime, in particular, claims to citizenship worked as indirect property claims, and indirect recognition of such claims are important because they serve as pragmatic proxies for formal property rights. Two case studies examine how people struggle over the past, negotiating the constraints of social propriety for legitimation and indirect recognition of their claims. | [
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1159/000338121 | Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress And Inflammation | Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress due to the presence of misfolded or unfolded proteins in the ER invokes a fundamental biological response, termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR is orch | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
W1518754995 | George Moore: influence and collaboration | Nearly every major figure of his era, writes his biographer Adrian Frazier, worked with Moore, tangled with Moore, took his impression from, or left it on, George Moore. The Anglo-Irish novelist George Moore (1852-1933) espoused multiple identities. An agent provocateur whether as an art critic, novelist, short fiction writer or memoirist, always probing and provocative, often deliberately controversial, the personality at the core of this book invented himself as he reinvented his contemporary world. Moore's key role-as observer-participant and as satirist-within many literary and aesthetic movements at the end of the Victorian period and into the twentieth century owed considerably to the structures and manners of collaboration that he embraced. This book throws into relief the multiple ways in which Moore's work can serve as a counterbalance to established understandings of late nineteenth and early twentieth-century literary aesthetics both through innovative scholarly readings of Moore's work and through illustrative case studies of Moore's collaborative practice by making available, for the first time, two manuscript plays he co-authored with Pearl Craigie (John Oliver Hobbes) in 1894. It is this collaborative practice in conjunction with his cosmopolitan outlook that turned Moore into a key player in the fin-de-siecle formation of an international aesthetic community. This book explores the full range of Moore's collaborations and cultural encounters: from 1870s Paris art exhibitions to turn-of-the-century Dublin and London; from gossip to the culture of the barmaid; from the worship of Balzac to the fraught engagement with Yeats; from music to Celtic cultural translation. Moore's reputation as a collaborator with the most significant artistic individuals of his time in Britain, Ireland and France in particular, but also in Europe more widely, provides a rich exposition of modes of exchange and influence in the period, and a unique and distinctive perspective on Moore himself. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1016/j.crm.2015.07.001 | Exploring the use of seasonal climate forecasts in Europe through expert elicitation | The importance of climate information for decision-making in sectors susceptible to climate variability and change is widely recognised. Advancements in climate science have led to an increased interest in seasonal climate forecasts (SCF) although in Europe very little is known about the practical use of these forecasts. To start filling this gap we conducted a workshop with experts in this subject area in order to elicit their knowledge and experiences regarding the current use of SCF in Europe. We found that although the use of SCF across Europe is fairly limited, particular sectors such as energy, water, insurance, and transport are taking the lead. The central role of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts and National Meteorological Services as the main providers of SCF in Europe was also highlighted. Perceived barriers to their uptake tend to be associated with factors such as accessibility, relevance, and usability of SCF by the end-users. Some of our findings are consistent with other experiences outside Europe where the uptake of SCF for decision-making has a longer history. For example, the interaction between actors, the usability of the information provided, and the influence of institutional and social factors have all been noted as important aspects influencing the use of these forecasts in Europe. However, as these findings are based on experts' knowledge further research with decision-makers and end-users is needed to better understand the use and potential benefits of SCF in Europe. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
10.1007/s10552-014-0420-4 | Oral contraceptive use, parity, and constitutional characteristics in soft tissue sarcoma: A Swedish population-based case–control study 1988–2009 | Background and methods: The etiology of soft tissue sarcoma is largely unknown. We have studied the effect of hormone related factors on STS in the Swedish population between 1988 and 2009 using a population-based matched case–control design. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
US 2008/0055217 W | PNEUMATICALLY SELF-REGULATING VALVE | A pneumatic motor that includes a cylinder (42), a piston (48) disposed in the cylinder, and a pneumatically-reset pilot valve (38). In certain embodiments, the pneumatically-reset pilot valve (38) is configured to move to a first position in response to a change in pressure in the cylinder. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2106646559 | The World Trade Center disaster: a tragic source of medical advancement | The history of medicine is full of examples of the determination of scientists when faced with public health disasters. As a result of this strength, many tragedies that occurred in the 20th century were followed by important scientific developments. If World War I marked the advent of chemical weapons, it also provided respiratory specialists with knowledge about the effects of poisonous gases on the lungs and led to the development of the first practical gas mask for mass production. The increased use of aircraft in warfare during World War II prompted Forrest M. Bird to develop oxygen masks to enable pilots to fly at higher altitudes than ever before. Further improvements of this technology led to the invention of the first modern ventilators, such as the Bird Universal Medical Respirator. The legacy of the Vietnam War to the medical field was the identification of acute respiratory distress syndrome (called Da Nang Lung at that time), by Colorado researchers in 1967 [1]. Other tragedies, such as the 1986 catastrophic nuclear accident of Chernobyl, led to a better understanding of the physiology of radiation poisoning, which had been evolving since the Hiroshima bombing, and helped improve treatment for victims of other disasters. There were advances in the creation of sterile hospital rooms, infection prevention, intravenous transfusion, life support systems, plasmapheresis, platelet transfusion, and bone marrow transplants.
The dawn of the 21st century saw another tragedy that will remain in the memory of many generations to come: the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 in New York City, NY, … | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
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