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10.1075/z.184 | The discourse studies reader: Main currents in theory and analysis | Discourse Studies is an interdisciplinary field studying the social production of meaning across the entire spectrum of the social sciences and humanities. The Discourse Studies Reader brings together 40 key readings from discourse researchers in Europe and North America, some of which are now translated into English for the first time. Divided into seven sections - 'Theoretical Inspirations: Structuralism versus Pragmatics', 'From Structuralism to Poststructuralism', 'Enunciative Pragmatics', 'Interactionism', 'Sociopragmatics', 'Historical Knowledge' and 'Critical Approaches' - The Discourse Studies Reader offers a comprehensive overview of the main currents in discourse studies, both discourse theory and discourse analysis. With short introductions elaborating the broader context, the sections present key selections from a variety of disciplinary backgrounds by placing them into their respective epistemological traditions. The Discourse Studies Reader is an indispensable textbook for students and scholars alike who are interested in discourse theoretical questions and working with discourse analytical methods. | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W1499851375 | Effect of Cassava Processing Mill Effluent on Physical and Chemical Properties of Soils in Abraka and Environs, Delta State, Nigeria | Selected heavy metals and physicochemical characteristics of the soils around some cassava processing mills in Abraka and environs were analyzed in order to assess the impact of the cassava mill effluent on the soils. The results of the physicochemical analysis showed overall decrease in pH values and corresponding increase in the other parameters. The pH values indicated that the soils were acidic which suggests that the effluents imparted acidic property on the soils. The elevated levels of Total Organic Carbon and Total Nitrogen are suggestive of increased organic matter and microbial activities in the effluent residues. Electrical conductivity values indicate presence of dissolved inorganic salts while the phosphorus values confirm the rich source of phosphorus in cassava tuber. The result of heavy metal analysis shows elevated levels of heavy metals in the soil receiving cassava mill effluent. The relative potential index and enrichment coefficient values of the metals in the soils coupled with the observed physiochemical characteristics revealed that there are some levels of heavy metal enrichment, contamination and bioavailability in the soils studied. Key words : cassava mill effluent, heavy metals, physicochemical characteristics soil pollution, Abraka | [
"Earth System Science",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
RU 2007143646 A | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING OF INSULATING PIPE SECTION FROM MINERAL WOOL | FIELD: construction industry. ^ SUBSTANCE: according to presented method for forming of, actually, cylindrical insulating blank, cotton-wool is supplied in form of loose material to spacing between core and, actually, cylindrical external form enclosing core. For fixation of form of pipe section blank its inner and outer surfaces are heat-treated by means of heating of at least part of core and external form. Then processing of unprocessed layer located between processed inner and outer surfaces is performed. Forming device contains area of pipe section formation, this area consists of core and, actually, cylindrical external form enclosing it, and also of device for final thermal processing of formable pipe section. ^ EFFECT: invention provides continuity of process of pipe section forming, absence of waste material, it allows to change length of product depending on customer's requirements. ^ 28 cl, 3 dwg | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.compositesa.2009.10.015 | Predicting the thermomechanical properties of an epoxy resin blend as a function of temperature and strain rate | Group Interaction Modelling is used to predict the properties of a popular aerospace epoxy resin matrix. The thermomechanical and engineering properties of a blend of multifunctional epoxy resins cured with a typical amine hardener are predicted. The properties are predicted as a function of temperature, strain rate and blend ratio and compare very well to experimental values. The properties are rationalised in terms of the chemical and physical nature of the highly crosslinked 3D network nature of the cured polymer. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
222804 | Physiological and rehabilitation outcomes: gains from automated interventions in stroke therapy (pro gait) | Developments in robotics allow people with profound neuromuscular deficits after stroke to walk with assistance (during the gait cycle) using an exoskeleton robot. Integrating a robotic device with individualised user electroencephalography (EEG /electrical activity in the motor areas in the brain) and EMG (muscle)feedback would allow more physiological and targeted gait parameters in response to effort, and confer neuroplastic training effects including neuromodulation of temporal and spatial features of gait.
Future integration of EEG/EMGsignals with robotic devices will allow patient initiated movement through thought and/or attempted effort, where currently parameters for devices are therapist set and usage is not functionally driven by the patient. Advancement in this regard is stalled primarily because of difficulty in 3D modelling of gait by EEG.
This collaborative consortium through secondments and return and built in knowledge sharing strategies will exchange knowledge and expertise across: Design, development and production of exoskeleton gait devices; neuro-rehabilitation; bioelectric EEG/EMG signal capture and interpretation; mathematical modelling and brain computer interface (BCI) platform development can advance the state of the art in gait rehabilitation after stroke rehabilitation. The proposal will allow development of 3D modelling of gait, for gait restoration and explore integration with robotics from multi-stakeholder perspectives.
Aims:
1. Define current state of the art in EEG modelling of gait post stroke by systematic review and meta-synthesis
2. Complete 3D modelling of gait as visualised gait, overground gait and robotic walking in healthy individuals and stroke survivors
3. Develop and test a virtual reality BCI gait training device, including end-user feedback
4. Explore integration of this prototype with robotic software platforms | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/1772690.1772708 | Liquid Query Multi Domain Exploratory Search On The Web | In this paper we propose the Liquid Query paradigm, to support users in finding responses to multi-domain queries through exploratory information seeking across structured information sources (Web documents, deep Web data, and personal data repositories), wrapped by means of a uniform notion of search service. Liquid Query aims at filling the gap between general-purpose search engines, which are unable to find information spanning multiple topics, and domain-specific search systems, which cannot go beyond their domain limits. The Liquid Query interface consists of interaction primitives that let users pose questions and explore results spanning over multiple sources incrementally, thus getting closer and closer to the sought information. We demonstrate our approach with a prototype built upon the YQL (Yahoo! Query Language) framework. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
Q4767195 | PARISI URSIDA ALESSIO | ICH BEANTRAGE DIE TEILNAHME AN DIESEM AUFRUF MIT DEM ZIEL, DEN KAUF EINES (MACBOOK PRO 16) ZU FINANZIEREN, DAS MEINER ARBEIT IN BEZUG AUF FLESSIBILITY UND VERBESSERUNG DER PRODUKTIVEN ARBEIT MEINES FOTOSTUDIOS MIT SITZ IN S. GIORGIO 2 INT. 20B DIENEN WÜRDE; DIE MASCHINE WÜRDE DIE ARBEIT IM INTELLIGENTEN ARBEITEN ERLEICHTERN UND SOMIT DIE POSTPRODUKTION, MEINE DIENSTLEISTUNGEN/ARBEIT, DIE VERWALTUNG VON REFERENZPORTALEN FÜR MEINE BRANCHE, WEBSITES UND DEN KONTAKT MIT DEN KUNDEN ÜBER DAS INTERNET BEARBEITEN. ALLES OHNE DIE NOTWENDIGKEIT EINER HOCHLEISTUNGSSTATION. DAS IST DERZEIT IN MEINEM STUDIO PRÄSENT. DIE FLEXIBILITÄT, VON ZU HAUSE AUS ARBEITEN ZU KÖNNEN, ABER AUCH DIREKT VOR ORT, WO ICH DATEISICHERUNGSDIENSTE FÜHRE, WÜRDE ZEIT UND EFFIZIENZ VERBESSERN. DIE MASCHINE IST AUCH FÜR PROJEKTE UNABDINGBAR, BEI DENEN EINE SCHNELLE ABWICKLUNG DES SERVICES UND DIE ONLINE-/PROJEKTION GLEICHZEITIG DES FERTIGEN PRODUKTS ERFORDERLICH SIND. DARÜBER HINAUS IST DER COMPUTER S | [
"Other"
]
|
W1988183895 | Characterization of antibiotic-resistant and potentially pathogenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> from soil fertilized with litter of broiler chickens fed antimicrobial-supplemented diets | The objective of this study was to characterize antimicrobial resistance and virulence determinants of Escherichia coli from soil amended with litter from 36-day-old broiler chickens ( Gallus gallus domesticus ) fed with diets supplemented with a variety of antimicrobial agents. Soil samples were collected from plots before and periodically after litter application in August to measure E. coli numbers. A total of 295 E. coli were isolated from fertilized soil samples between August and March. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined by Sensititre, and polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the presence of resistance and virulence genes. The results confirmed that E. coli survived and could be quantified by direct plate count for at least 7 months in soil following litter application in August. The effects of feed supplementation were observed on E. coli numbers in November and January. Among the 295 E. coli, the highest antibiotic resistance level was observed against tetracycline and β-lactams associated mainly with the resistance genes tetB and bla CMY-2 , respectively. Significant treatment effects were observed for phylogenetic groups, antibiotic resistance profiles, and virulence gene frequencies. Serotyping, phylogenetic grouping, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis confirmed that multiple-antibiotic-resistant and potentially pathogenic E. coli can survive in soil fertilized with litter for several months regardless of antimicrobials used in the feed. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
W2334070598 | Quantitative determination of chrysotile in massive serpentinites using DTA: Implications for asbestos determinations | There is increasing concern about the health hazard of asbestos from natural geologic deposits such as greenstones [natural occurring asbestos (NOA)]. Therefore, quantitative determination of the chrysotile asbestos content within massive serpentinites is a recurrent requirement of recent asbestos-inherent law regulations, due to the possible health hazard associated with the release of chrysotile fibers. Unfortunately, the obtainment of accurate and precise quantitative figures of the actual chrysotile content is strongly complicated by typical serpentinite textures, consisting of fine-to-ultrafine intergrowths of fibrous and non-fibrous serpentine minerals, often difficult to identify by conventional methods, such as X-ray diffraction or microanalytical approaches. In this paper, we propose a reliable and straightforward method for the quantitative determination of chrysotile asbestos within bulk massive serpentinites, based on thermal analysis data and, specifically, on the distinctive thermal behavior of chrysotile, lizardite, and antigorite during dehydroxylation at 500–800 °C. Deconvolution processing of DTA endothermic signals in the dehydroxylation temperature range revealed good linear correlation between peak area ratios and chrysotile content, for both lizardite + chrysotile and antigorite + chrysotile samples. The DTA correlation curves have been used to determine the chrysotile content in two test serpentinites, revealing surprisingly high-chrysotile content. This novel method is of vast importance as it represents one of the most promising tools for chrysotile quantitative determinations in massive serpentinites, providing unbiased and accurate responses to recent asbestos-related law requirements. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
US 0109210 W | FACE FINISHED FABRICS EXHIBITING NON-DIRECTIONAL SURFACE CHARACTERISTICS AFTER DYEING IN OPEN-WIDTH FORM | Range-dyed fabrics that possess excellent hand characteristics and simultaneously exhibit substantially nondirectional appearances are provided. Such a combination permits the production and utilization of an extremely comfortable apparel fabric that can be attached to any other similar type of fabric to form a target apparel article without the time-consuming need to align such component fabrics to ensure an overall aesthetic appearance is met for the target apparel article. In general, such a fabric is produced through the initial immobilization of individual fibers within target fabrics and subsequent treatment through abrasion, sanding, or sueding of at least a portion of the target fabric. Such a procedure produces a fabric of short pile height and desirable hand. Upon range-dyeing the target fabric exhibits the extra benefit of nondirectional surface characteristics. The ability to produce such specific fabrics without the need for jet-dyeing thus provides a significant cost advantage to the manufacturer and consumer. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.cell.2018.02.004 | Reducing Pericyte-Derived Scarring Promotes Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury | CNS injury often severs axons. Scar tissue that forms locally at the lesion site is thought to block axonal regeneration, resulting in permanent functional deficits. We report that inhibiting the generation of progeny by a subclass of pericytes led to decreased fibrosis and extracellular matrix deposition after spinal cord injury in mice. Regeneration of raphespinal and corticospinal tract axons was enhanced and sensorimotor function recovery improved following spinal cord injury in animals with attenuated pericyte-derived scarring. Using optogenetic stimulation, we demonstrate that regenerated corticospinal tract axons integrated into the local spinal cord circuitry below the lesion site. The number of regenerated axons correlated with improved sensorimotor function recovery. In conclusion, attenuation of pericyte-derived fibrosis represents a promising therapeutic approach to facilitate recovery following CNS injury. Attenuation of fibrotic tissue generation by a subset of pericytes promotes regeneration of serotonergic and corticospinal tract axons and improves functional recovery after spinal cord injury. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2016/08/047 | Impact Of Post Born Lensing On The Cmb | Lensing of the CMB is affected by post-Born lensing, producing corrections to the convergence power spectrum and introducing field rotation. We show numerically that the lensing convergence power spectrum is affected at the lesssim 0. 2% level on accessible scales, and that this correction and the field rotation are negligible for observations with arcminute beam and noise levels gsim 1 μK arcmin. The field rotation generates ~ 2. 5% of the total lensing B-mode polarization amplitude (0. 2% in power on small scales), but has a blue spectrum on large scales, making it highly subdominant to the convergence B modes on scales where they are a source of confusion for the signal from primordial gravitational waves. Since the post-Born signal is non-linear, it also generates a bispectrum with the convergence. We show that the post-Born contributions to the bispectrum substantially change the shape predicted from large-scale structure non-linearities alone, and hence must be included to estimate the expected total signal and impact of bispectrum biases on CMB lensing reconstruction quadratic estimators and other observables. The field-rotation power spectrum only becomes potentially detectable for noise levels Lt 1 μK arcmin, but its bispectrum with the convergence may be observable at ~ 3σ with Stage IV observations. Rotation-induced and convergence-induced B modes are slightly correlated by the bispectrum, and the bispectrum also produces additional contributions to the lensed BB power spectrum. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W2093484775 | The Regulatory Effect on the Performance of Financial Analysts: Time Series from Two Different Legal Systems | The focus of this paper is the relationship between regulatory settings and financial analysts’ performance, which is examined by studying the level of shareholder protection and the performance of financial analysts in two countries with different legal origins. By using a newly constructed index to measure shareholder protection, we are able to analyze how changes in shareholder protection over time can affect analysts’ performance. By comparing two countries with different legal traditions (the United Kingdom (UK) and Sweden), we are also able to assess whether the underlying legal origin is an influential factor. The results show that increased shareholder protection improves forecast accuracy in both the UK and Sweden, supporting the idea that stronger shareholder protection regulations improve analysts’ performance whether the legal context is rooted in common law or Scandinavian civil law tradition. The findings also indicate that strengthened shareholder protection decreases forecast dispersion in Sweden and forecast bias in the UK, further supporting the idea that stronger shareholder protection improves analysts’ performance even though the results differed across legal contexts. We did, however, find a substitution effect in both countries: Strengthened shareholder protection makes analysts’ services less valuable to investors, thus leading to a reduction in the number of analysts. Our main conclusion is that changes in shareholder protection affect the performance of analysts irrespective of the country’s legal origin, i.e. common law or Scandinavian civil law. However, legal origin seems to have an impact on the magnitude of analysts’ performance based on changes in shareholder protection. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2053799071 | Achieving Consensus on Terminology Describing Multivariable Analyses | In their recent article, Hidalgo and Goodman1 call our attention to the need for consistent and distinctive use of the terms “multivariable” and “multivariate.” They introduced a point of confusion, however, with their suggestion that the terms “linear, logistic, multivariate, or proportional hazards” be employed to indicate continuous, dichotomous, repeated measures, or time-to-event outcomes, respectively. I find their suggestion confusing because it suggests the absence of an overlap between “linear,” “logistic,” and “multivariate.” Yet a regression model fit to repeated-measures data may assume a normal or logistic distribution (or any of a number of other distributions), making it a multivariate linear or multivariate logistic regression model.
I believe their article invites two additional teaching points for reinforcement, which I underline here. I surveyed 22 empirical articles published in the same January 2013 issue. Of these, three articles (13.6%) used the term “multivariate” incorrectly, including one article that used the term “bivariate.” Five articles (22.7%) used “multivariate,” “multiple” (i.e., multiple regression), and “multivariable” interchangeably, including one article that used the term “bivariate.” Three articles (13.6%) used the term “multivariate” correctly in the context of repeated-measures or nested data, while eleven (50%) contained no violations.
First, the term “univariate” is most appropriate (and perhaps is unnecessarily described explicitly as such) when there is only one response variable per observation. Depending on whether there is one explanatory variable or multiple explanatory variables, the terms “univariable” and “multivariable” (i.e., multiple) would help to additionally clarify the kind of univariate analysis being conducted. A t-test comparing mean levels of a response variable between two subgroups is a univariable analysis, and so is a regression model of the same response variable with the subgroup specified as the single binary explanatory variable. Use of the term “bivariate” to describe such a t-test, while common (and observed twice in the cursory survey described above), introduces unnecessary confusion and should be discouraged.
Second, the term “multivariate” should be understood to apply to a diverse set of methods that allow for more than one response per observation.2 Hidalgo and Goodman noted certain applications of repeated measures regression, or—to retain consistency with the terminology I elaborated upon—multivariate multivariable regression. This presents a compelling rationale for why the terms “multivariate” and “multivariable” should not be used interchangeably. Other types of statistical analyses are also classified as “multivariate,” including discriminant analysis, canonical correlation, and principal components analysis.
The nuances in the use of statistical terminology described by Hidalgo and Goodman have not gained formal traction at most peer-reviewed journals.3 This is likely because equally reasonable perspectives are also taught. For example, in one leading textbook for clinical practitioners, the author says that “multivariate analysis refers to simultaneously predicting multiple outcomes.”4(p1) But the author also writes (contrary to the recommendation above),
I think it is more informative to restrict the term “univariate” to analyses of a single variable, while restricting the term “bivariate” to refer to the association between two variables.4(p5)
Ultimately, achieving consensus on these issues will help to avoid further confusion and facilitate substantive progress on communicating the results of public health research in the published literature. | [
"Mathematics",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.molcel.2016.11.033 | Misregulation of an Activity-Dependent Splicing Network as a Common Mechanism Underlying Autism Spectrum Disorders | A key challenge in understanding and ultimately treating autism is to identify common molecular mechanisms underlying this genetically heterogeneous disorder. Transcriptomic profiling of autistic brains has revealed correlated misregulation of the neuronal splicing regulator nSR100/SRRM4 and its target microexon splicing program in more than one-third of analyzed individuals. To investigate whether nSR100 misregulation is causally linked to autism, we generated mutant mice with reduced levels of this protein and its target splicing program. Remarkably, these mice display multiple autistic-like features, including altered social behaviors, synaptic density, and signaling. Moreover, increased neuronal activity, which is often associated with autism, results in a rapid decrease in nSR100 and splicing of microexons that significantly overlap those misregulated in autistic brains. Collectively, our results provide evidence that misregulation of an nSR100-dependent splicing network controlled by changes in neuronal activity is causally linked to a substantial fraction of autism cases. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201629739 | Protostellar Accretion Traced With Chemistry High Resolution C18O And Continuum Observations Towards Deeply Embedded Protostars In Perseus | Context: Understanding how accretion proceeds is a key question of star formation, with important implications for both the physical and chemical evolution of young stellar objects. In particular, very little is known about the accretion variability in the earliest stages of star formation. Aims: To characterise protostellar accretion histories towards individual sources by utilising sublimation and freeze-out chemistry of CO.
Methods: A sample of 24 embedded protostars are observed with the Submillimeter Array (SMA) in context of the large program "Mass Assembly of Stellar Systems and their Evolution with the SMA" (MASSES). The size of the C$^{18}$O emitting region, where CO has sublimated into the gas-phase, is measured towards each source and compared to the expected size of the region given the current luminosity. The SMA observations also include 1. 3 mm continuum data, which are used to investigate whether a link can be established between accretion bursts and massive circumstellar disks. Results: Depending on the adopted sublimation temperature of the CO ice, between 20% and 50% of the sources in the sample show extended C$^{18}$O emission indicating that the gas was warm enough in the past that CO sublimated and is currently in the process of refreezing; something which we attribute to a recent accretion burst. Given the fraction of sources with extended C$^{18}$O emission, we estimate an average interval between bursts of 20000-50000 yr, which is consistent with previous estimates. No clear link can be established between the presence of circumstellar disks and accretion bursts, however the three closest known binaries in the sample (projected separations <20 AU) all show evidence of a past accretion burst, indicating that close binary interactions may also play a role in inducing accretion variability. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
Q3832568 | Support for small enterprises with a turnover of more than BGN 500 000 to overcome the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic | Support for small enterprises with a turnover of more than BGN 500 000 to overcome the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic | [
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2153058624 | Evaluating Cloud Computing for Futuristic Development | Purpose of this research is to evaluate cloud computing to put the foundation of an Architectural Framework for Trusted Cloud Computing (AFTCC) that would enable businesses to cut their costs by outsourcing their processes on-demand by verifying the confidentiality and integrity of their data and computation. On going research will clearly outline the enhanced execution environment that guarantees confidential execution of guest virtual machines. Further more, current research would allow users of the cloud to attest and determine whether or not the service provided is secure before their virtual machines are launched into the system knowing the identity of every personnel involved in this environment. The architecture would provide virtual view of the processes in the network interface enabling user level access to high-speed communication devices; like, bio-metric devices to enable user level forensic identification system. Also, it would provide architecture for implementation of a system that would do meaningful interpretation of raw data, and informing rightly to the right people at the right time. Current study mainly focuses on devising the Software Architecture for Trusted Cloud Computing. This research will outline the strengths and weaknesses identified in the literal work that has been done till now in Architectural Framework for Trusted Cloud Computing and its components and how they fit in. And will also identify the latest research and systems that are following it to some extent. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41929-019-0231-9 | Photoelectrocatalytic arene C–H amination | Photoelectrochemical cells are widely studied for solar energy conversion. However, they have rarely been used for the synthesis of high added-value organic molecules. Here we describe a strategy to use haematite, an abundant and robust photoanode, for non-directed arene C–H amination. Under illumination, the photogenerated holes in haematite oxidize electron-rich arenes to radical cations, which further react with azoles to give nitrogen heterocycles of medicinal interest. Unusual ortho selectivity was achieved, probably due to a hydrogen-bonding interaction between the substrates and the hexafluoroisopropanol co-solvent. The method exhibits broad scope and is successfully applied for the late-stage functionalization of several pharmaceutical molecules. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1534/genetics.112.141325 | Fluctuations of Fitness Distributions and the Rate of Muller’s Ratchet | Abstract
The accumulation of deleterious mutations is driven by rare fluctuations that lead to the loss of all mutation free individuals, a process known as Muller’s ratchet. Even though Muller’s ratchet is a paradigmatic process in population genetics, a quantitative understanding of its rate is still lacking. The difficulty lies in the nontrivial nature of fluctuations in the fitness distribution, which control the rate of extinction of the fittest genotype. We address this problem using the simple but classic model of mutation selection balance with deleterious mutations all having the same effect on fitness. We show analytically how fluctuations among the fittest individuals propagate to individuals of lower fitness and have dramatically amplified effects on the bulk of the population at a later time. If a reduction in the size of the fittest class reduces the mean fitness only after a delay, selection opposing this reduction is also delayed. This delayed restoring force speeds up Muller’s ratchet. We show how the delayed response can be accounted for using a path-integral formulation of the stochastic dynamics and provide an expression for the rate of the ratchet that is accurate across a broad range of parameters. | [
"Mathematics",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms13738 | Heritability of the shape of subcortical brain structures in the general population | The volumes of subcortical brain structures are highly heritable, but genetic underpinnings of their shape remain relatively obscure. Here we determine the relative contribution of genetic factors to individual variation in the shape of seven bilateral subcortical structures: the nucleus accumbens, amygdala, caudate, hippocampus, pallidum, putamen and thalamus. In 3,686 unrelated individuals aged between 45 and 98 years, brain magnetic resonance imaging and genotyping was performed. The maximal heritability of shape varies from 32. 7 to 53. 3% across the subcortical structures. Genetic contributions to shape extend beyond influences on intracranial volume and the gross volume of the respective structure. The regional variance in heritability was related to the reliability of the measurements, but could not be accounted for by technical factors only. These findings could be replicated in an independent sample of 1,040 twins. Differences in genetic contributions within a single region reveal the value of refined brain maps to appreciate the genetic complexity of brain structures. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
W2152016877 | Reference value of quantitative. examination of urine sediment using Shih-Yung (S-Y) system | Background: Conventional urine sediment examination was reported semiquantitatively, Shih-Yung system was quantitative and standaridizeci method. Objective: To evaluate urine sediment examination using Shih-Yung systems and to determine the reference value. Material and methods: Normal and pathologic urine from patients who have renal and urinary tract disorders, control material for urine microscopic examination Kova-TrolTm I and also urine from 120 healthy men and 120 healthy women. Results: Within run precision using normal urine, pathologic urine, and Kova-TrolTm I yielded a different coefficient of variation (CV) for small and large amount urine sediment component. Laboratory agreement between two observer using Kappa test were >80% for each urine sediment component. Reference values of urine sediment component were as follows: red cells 0-2/4, white cells 0-4/4, hyalin cast 0/ pL, epithelial cell for men 0-1/4 and epithelial cell for women 0-9/4. Conclusion: a relative big CV for small amount urine sediment component and vice versa. Reference values of urine sediment component were as follows: red cells 0-2/4, white cells 0-4/4, hyalin cast 0/ epithelial cell for men 0-1/4 and epithelial cell for women 0-9/4. Shih-Yung system yielded a good laboratory agreement between two observers using Kappa test. Key words : urinalysis - urine sediment - quantitative examination - S-Y system - normal value | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.4161/cc.10.21.17899 | Acetylation is indispensable for p53 antiviral activity | Tumor suppressor p53 is known to be a direct transcriptional target of type I interferons (IFNs), contributing to virus-induced apoptosis, and in turn activating itself the interferon pathway. Acetylation, among many other post-translational modifications of p53, is thought to exert a crucial role regulating p53 activity. Here, we examined the contribution of this modification on the antiviral activity mediated by p53. Our results show that virus infection induces p53 acetylation at lysine 379, and that this modification is absolutely required for p53-dependent transcriptional transactivation of both, pro-apoptotic and IFN-stimulated genes induced by virus infection, and for p53-mediated control of virus replication. Thus, our study identifies p53 acetylation as an indispensable event that enables the p53-mediated antiviral response. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
290923 | Advanced Data-Driven Black-box modelling | Making accurate predictions is a crucial factor in many systems (such as in modelling energy consumption, power load forecasting, traffic networks, process industry, environmental modelling, biomedicine, brain-machine interfaces) for cost savings, efficiency, health, safety and organizational purposes. In this proposal we aim at realizing a new generation of more advanced black-box modelling techniques for estimating predictive models from measured data. We will study different optimization modelling frameworks in order to obtain improved black-box modelling approaches. This will be done by specifying models through constrained optimization problems by studying different candidate core models (parametric models, support vector machines and kernel methods) together with additional sets of constraints and regularization mechanisms. Different candidate mathematical frameworks will be considered with models that possess primal and (Lagrange) dual model representations, functional analysis in reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces, operator splitting and optimization in Banach spaces. Several aspects that are relevant to black-box models will be studied including incorporation of prior knowledge, structured dynamical systems, tensorial data representations, interpretability and sparsity, and general purpose optimization algorithms. The methods should be suitable for handling larger data sets and high dimensional input spaces. The final goal is also to realize a next generation software tool (including symbolic generation of models and handling different supervised and unsupervised learning tasks, static and dynamic systems) that can be generically applied to data from different application areas. The proposal A-DATADRIVE-B aims at getting end-users connected to the more advanced methods through a user-friendly data-driven black-box modelling tool. The methods and tool will be tested in connection to several real-life applications. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Mathematics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W4281785427 | Use of Machine Learning for Active Public Debt Collection with Recommendation for the Method of Collection Via Protest | This work consists of applying supervised Machine Learning techniques to identify which types of active debts are appropriate for the collection method called protest, one of the means of collection used by the Attorney General of the State of Pernambuco. For research, the following techniques were applied, Neural Network (NN), Logistic Regression (LR), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). The NN model obtained more satisfactory results among the other classification techniques, achieving better values in the following metrics: Accuracy (AC), FMeasure (F1), Precision (PR), and Recall (RC) with indexes above 97% in the evaluation with these metrics. The results showed that the construction of an Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning model to choose which debts can succeed in the collection process via protest could bring benefits to the government of Pernambuco increasing its efficiency and effectiveness. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1063/1.4908535 | From Hydrogen Bonding To Metal Coordination And Back Porphyrin Based Networks On Ag 111 | The self-assembly of a metal-free porphyrin bearing two pyridyl coordinating sites and two pentyl chains at trans meso positions was investigated under ultrahigh vacuum on a Ag(111) surface by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The STM measurements revealed a well-ordered close-packed structure with a rhombic unit cell for coverages ≤1 monolayer with their molecular plane parallel to the surface. The growth direction of the molecular islands is aligned along the step edges, which are restructured due to molecule-substrate interactions. The shorter unit cell vector of the molecular superstructure follows the 〈1-10〉 direction of the Ag(111) substrate. Hydrogen bonds between pyridyl and pyrrole groups of neighboring molecules as well as weak van der Waals forces between the pentyl chains stabilize the superstructure. Deposition of cobalt atoms onto the close-packed structure at room temperature leads to the formation of a hexagonal porous network stabilized by metal-ligand bonding between the pyridyl ligands and the cobalt atoms. Thermal annealing of the Co-coordination network at temperatures >450 K results in the transformation of the hexagonal network into a second close-packed structure. Changes in the molecule-substrate interactions due to metalation of the porphyrin core with Co as well as intermolecular interactions can explain the observed structural transformations. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials"
]
|
10.1177/0003702818763819 | Spectrally Resolved Ultraviolet Uv Absorption Cross Sections Of Alkali Hydroxides And Chlorides Measured In Hot Flue Gases | Spectrally resolved ultraviolet (UV) absorption cross-sections of gas-phase sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium hydroxide (KOH), and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were measured, for the first time, in hot flue gases at different temperatures. Homogenous gas-phase NaCl, KCl (potassium chloride), NaOH, and KOH at temperatures 1200 K, 1400 K, 1600 K, and 1850 K were prepared in the post-flame zone of laminar flames by seeding nebulized droplets out of aqueous solution of corresponding alkali species. The amount of droplets seeded into the flame was kept constant, so the relative concentration of different alkali species can be derived. The broadband UV absorption cross-section of KCl vapor reported by Leffler et al. was adopted to derive the absorption cross-section curves of NaCl, NaOH, and KOH with the corresponding measured spectrally resolved absorbance spectra. No significant changes in the spectral structures in the absorption cross-sections were found as the temperature varied between 1200 K and 1850 K, except for NaOH at around 320 nm. The difference between the absorption spectral curves of alkali chlorides and hydroxides is significant at wavelengths above 300 nm, which thus can be used to distinguish and obtain the concentrations of alkali chlorides and hydroxides in the broadband UV absorption measurements. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1016/j.apacoust.2020.107479 | A systematic review of prediction models for the experience of urban soundscapes | A systematic review for soundscape modelling methods is presented. The methods for developing soundscape models are hereby questioned by investigating the following aspects: data acquisition methods, indicators used as predictors of descriptors in the models, descriptors targeted as output of the models, linear rather than non-linear model fitting, and overall performances. The inclusion criteria for the reviewed studies were: models dealing with soundscape dimensions aligned with the definitions provided in the ISO 12913 series; models based on soundscape data sampled at least at two different locations and using at least two variables as indicators. The Scopus database was queried. Biases on papers selection were considered and those related to the methods are discussed in the current study. Out of 256 results from Scopus, 22 studies were selected. Two studies were included from the references among the results. The data extraction from the 24 studies includes: data collection methods, input and output for the models, and model performance. Three main data collection methods were found. Several studies focus on the different combination of indicators among physical measurements, perceptual evaluations, temporal dynamics, demographic and psychological information, context information and visual amenity. The descriptors considered across the studies include: acoustic comfort, valence, arousal, calmness, chaoticness, sound quality, tranquillity, and vibrancy. The interpretation of the results is limited by the large variety of methods, and the large number of parameters in spite of a limited amount of studies obtained from the query. However, perceptual indicators, visual and contextual indicators, as well as time dynamic embedding, overall provide a better prediction of soundscape. Finally, although the compared performance between linear and non-linear methods does not show remarkable differences, non-linear methods might still represent a more suitable choice in models where complex structures of indicators are used. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
W1996118160 | Risk Assessment and Airworthiness Study for the Development of IFS A/C | Airworthiness certification is a government certification for the military aircraft to safely attain, sustain and terminate flight and It is a mandatory process of qualifying the flight safety within the operational boundaries of a military aircraft. To save the manhour, time and cost for applying all the airworthiness certification criteria to the aircraft equipped with flight control switching mechanism development program, an identification of the risk and systematic assessment of risk is analysed. Airworthiness redesign actions so called software switching mechanism for the modified aircraft in the flight technology and electric system area are suggested to reduce the risk hazard index.Keywords : Airworthiness(감항성), Risk Assessment(위험도 평가), Flight Control Computer(비행조종 컴퓨터) | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1145/2897824.2925979 | Example Based Plastic Deformation Of Rigid Bodies | Physics-based animation is often used to animate scenes containing destruction of near-rigid, man-made materials. For these applications, the most important visual features are plastic deformation and fracture. Methods based on continuum mechanics model these materials as elastoplastic, and must perform expensive elasticity computations even though elastic deformations are imperceptibly small for rigid materials. We introduce an example-based plasticity model based on linear blend skinning that allows artists to author simulation objects using familiar tools. Dynamics are computed using an unmodified rigid body simulator, making our method computationally efficient and easy to integrate into existing pipelines. We introduce a flexible technique for mapping impulses computed by the rigid body solver to local, example-based deformations. For completeness, our method also supports prescoring based fracture. We demonstrate the practicality of our method by animating a variety of destructive scenes. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
US 2009/0048150 W | METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR SWITCHING IN A TDD SYSTEM | A method of switching a communication device between an uplink communication path and a downlink communication path is provided. The method measures a power level of signals on at least one radio frequency for one of the uplink communication path and the downlink communication path. The measured power level is compared with a threshold power level. Switching between an uplink circuit and a downlink circuit is based on the comparison between the measured power level and the threshold power level. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41467-018-06085-5 | Alpha kinase 1 controls intestinal inflammation by suppressing the IL-12/Th1 axis | Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are heterogenous disorders of the gastrointestinal tract caused by a spectrum of genetic and environmental factors. In mice, overlapping regions of chromosome 3 have been associated with susceptibility to IBD-like pathology, including a locus called Hiccs. However, the specific gene that controls disease susceptibility remains unknown. Here we identify a Hiccs locus gene, Alpk1 (encoding alpha kinase 1), as a potent regulator of intestinal inflammation. In response to infection with the commensal pathobiont Helicobacter hepaticus (Hh), Alpk1-deficient mice display exacerbated interleukin (IL)-12/IL-23 dependent colitis characterized by an enhanced Th1/interferon(IFN)-γ response. Alpk1 controls intestinal immunity via the hematopoietic system and is highly expressed by mononuclear phagocytes. In response to Hh, Alpk1−/− macrophages produce abnormally high amounts of IL-12, but not IL-23. This study demonstrates that Alpk1 promotes intestinal homoeostasis by regulating the balance of type 1/type 17 immunity following microbial challenge. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
10.1021/acs.analchem.8b02713 | Practical Considerations in High-Precision Compound-Specific Radiocarbon Analyses: Eliminating the Effects of Solvent and Sample Cross-Contamination on Accuracy and Precision | Preparative capillary gas chromatography (pcGC) is widely used for the isolation of single compounds for radiocarbon determinations. While being effective at isolating compounds, there are still genuine concerns relating to contamination associated with the isolation procedure, such as incomplete removal of solvent used to recover isolated compounds from the traps and cross-contamination, which can lead to erroneous 14C determinations. Herein we describe new approaches to identifying and removing these two sources of contamination. First, we replaced the common "U" trap design, which requires recovery of compounds using organic solvent, with a novel solventless trapping system (STS), consisting of a simple glass tube containing a glass wool plug, allowing condensation of a target compound in the wool and its solventless recovery by pushing the glass wool directly into a foil capsule for graphitization. With the STS trap, an average of 95. 7% of the target compound was recovered, and contamination from column bleed was reduced. In addition, comparison of 14C determinations of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) standards determined offline to those isolated by pcGC in STS traps showed excellent reproducibility and accuracy compared to those isolated using the commercial "U" traps. Second, "coldspots" were identified in the instrument, i. e. , the termini of capillaries in the preparative unit, which can be cleaned of compounds condensed from earlier runs using a heat gun. Our new procedure, incorporating these two modifications, was tested on archeological fat hoards, producing 14C dates on isolated C16:0 and C18:0 fatty acids statistically consistent with the bulk dates of the archeological material. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1002/2014GC005661 | Viscosity Measurements Of Crystallizing Andesite From Tungurahua Volcano Ecuador | Viscosity has been determined during isothermal crystallization of an andesite from Tungurahua volcano (Ecuador). Viscosity was continuously recorded using the concentric cylinder method and employing a Pt-sheathed alumina spindle at 1 bar and from 1400°C to subliquidus temperatures to track rheological changes during crystallization. The disposable spindle was not extracted from the sample but rather left in the sample during quenching thus preserving an undisturbed textural configuration of the crystals. The inspection of products quenched during the crystallization process reveals evidence for heterogeneous crystal nucleation at the spindle and near the crucible wall, as well as crystal alignment in the flow field. At the end of the crystallization, defined when viscosity is constant, plagioclase is homogeneously distributed throughout the crucible (with the single exception of experiment performed at the lowest temperature). In this experiments, the crystallization kinetics appear to be strongly affected by the stirring conditions of the viscosity determinations. A TTT (Time-Temperature-Transformation) diagram illustrating the crystallization “nose” for this andesite under stirring conditions and at ambient pressure has been constructed. We further note that at a given crystal content and distribution, the high aspect ratio of the acicular plagioclase yields a shear-thinning rheology at crystal contents as low as 13 vol %, and that the relative viscosity is higher than predicted from existing viscosity models. These viscosity experiments hold the potential for delivering insights into the relative influences of the cooling path, undercooling, and deformation on crystallization kinetics and resultant crystal morphologies, as well as their impact on magmatic viscosity. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
222822 | Capacity optimisation in trajectory-based operations | Capacity Management proposed by SESAR 2020 is achieved by applying advanced airspace management processes materialised in the management of Dynamic Airspace Configurations (DAC) solution. DAC solution develops sector design, sector configurations and opening schemes processes to optimise the use of the available capacity and balance the ATC workload. Flight Centric ATC solution strengthens Capacity Management by providing additional flexibility and cost-effectiveness as it proposes that controllers are no longer in charge of managing the entire traffic within a given sector. Capacity Management processes benefit from combining these two solutions increasing flexibility in case of “sudden” demand/capacity changes.
Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) allows obtaining reliable information related to trajectory uncertainty thanks to the better reliability of the available trajectory information. Assessment and definition of a proper use of this trajectory uncertainty information within Capacity Management processes will significantly enforce its effectiveness. Optimisation of the Capacity Management processes can be achieved not only incorporating the abovementioned trajectory uncertainty into their associated demand and capacity model, but also developing trajectory-based complexity metrics more suitable to the most innovative aspects of DAC and Flight Centric solutions.
COTTON aim is to maximise the effectiveness of the Capacity Management processes in TBO taking full advantage of the available trajectory information. Three sub-objectives are identified:
1. Improve the use of trajectory-based complexity and workload assessment to support Capacity Management enabled by Trajectory-Based Operations (TBO) including uncertainty.
2. Identify and promote the benefits of Trajectory-Based Operations to develop innovative demand/capacity models based on Dynamic Airspace Configuration and Flight Centric ATC solutions.
3. Explore DAC and Flight Centric ATC solutions integration. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.11.025 | Individual variation in intentionality in the mind-wandering state is reflected in the integration of the default-mode, fronto-parietal, and limbic networks | Mind-wandering has a controversial relationship with cognitive control. Existing psychological evidence supports the hypothesis that episodes of mind-wandering reflect a failure to constrain thinking to task-relevant material, as well the apparently alternative view that control can facilitate the expression of self-generated mental content. We assessed whether this apparent contradiction arises because of a failure to consider differences in the types of thoughts that occur during mind-wandering, and in particular, the associated level of intentionality. Using multi-modal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) analysis, we examined the cortical organisation that underlies inter-individual differences in descriptions of the spontaneous or deliberate nature of mind-wandering. Cortical thickness, as well as functional connectivity analyses, implicated regions relevant to cognitive control and regions of the default-mode network for individuals who reported high rates of deliberate mind-wandering. In contrast, higher reports of spontaneous mind-wandering were associated with cortical thinning in parietal and posterior temporal regions in the left hemisphere (which are important in the control of cognition and attention) as well as heightened connectivity between the intraparietal sulcus and a region that spanned limbic and default-mode regions in the ventral inferior frontal gyrus. Finally, we observed a dissociation in the thickness of the retrosplenial cortex/lingual gyrus, with higher reports of spontaneous mind-wandering being associated with thickening in the left hemisphere, and higher repots of deliberate mind-wandering with thinning in the right hemisphere. These results suggest that the intentionality of the mind-wandering state depends on integration between the control and default-mode networks, with more deliberation being associated with greater integration between these systems. We conclude that one reason why mind-wandering has a controversial relationship with control is because it depends on whether the thoughts emerge in a deliberate or spontaneous fashion. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1192/bjp.bp.113.142216 | Prevalence of serum N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor autoantibodies in refractory psychosis | N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) autoantibodies have been reported in people with acute psychosis. We hypothesised that their presence may be implicated in the aetiology of treatment-refractory psychosis. We sought to ascertain the point prevalence of NMDA-R antibody positivity in patients referred to services for treatment-refractory psychosis. We found that 3 (7. 0%) of 43 individuals had low positive NMDA-R antibody titres. This suggests that NMDA-R autoantibodies are unlikely to account for a large proportion of treatment-refractory psychosis. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.023 | Endothelial Cells Don't Waste: Endothelial-Derived Lactate Boosts Muscle Regeneration | Blood vessels are an essential interface between the circulation and tissue that deploy signaling molecules (angiocrines) for organ development, homeostasis, and repair. In a recent issue of Cell Metabolism, Zhang et al. (2020) identify lactate as an endothelial-derived signal promoting ischemic muscle regeneration, establishing metabolites as a new angiocrine class. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
756762 | Mechanical Targeting as an Integrative Approach for Personalized Nanomedicine | The ability to direct drug delivery to specific tissues is a central challenge in treating diseases as it determines the balance between drug selectivity and toxicity. Clinical drug failures, commonly due to safety issues or poor efficacy, are extremely costly to the pharmaceutical industry. In light of this, there is a global effort to develop Targeted Drug Delivery Systems (DDS) and Nanomedicine-based drugs to increase the therapeutic efficacy of a drug while substantially reducing its off-target exposure. In oncology, this issue is critical since chemotherapies have poor selectivity, thus causing severe side effects due to undesired systemic exposure. However, the enormous heterogeneity and dynamic nature of tumors makes it extremely challenging to identify universal target molecules. In this ERC I introduce a novel concept according to which the specificity of DDS can be dramatically enhanced by tuning the physical parameters of DDS based on mechanical cues of target and non-target cells. In many cancers, it is well-established that the flexibility and deformability of cells are correlated with their metastatic potential. This leads to our hypothesis that the enhanced deformability of cancer cells allows them to engulf and uptake particles whose internalization requires massive shape change, unlike the stiffer and normal cells. The rationale of the proposed study is that by considering physical parameters of cells, the mechanical properties of DDS can be tuned to achieve selective uptake. We thus propose to develop tools for rational design of DDS for personalized nanomedicine that will use simple tests performed on a patient’s own cells. This is the basis of our visionary Mechanical Targeting (MT) scheme, a crosstalk between experimental and computational models, for drug specificity. Accordingly, this ERC is expected to yield breakthroughs, both conceptual and technical. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1042/BST20140272 | How Many Lives Does Climp 63 Have | In 1995, in the Biochemical Society Transactions, Mundy published the first review on CLIMP-63 (cytoskeleton-linking membrane protein 63) or CKPA4 (cytoskeleton-associated protein 4), initially just p63 [1]. Here we review the following 20 years of research on this still mysterious protein. CLIMP-63 is a type II transmembrane protein, the cytosolic domain of which has the capacity to bind microtubules whereas the luminal domain can form homo-oligomeric complexes, not only with neighbouring molecules but also, in trans, with CLIMP-63 molecules on the other side of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, thus promoting the formation of ER sheets. CLIMP-63 however also appears to have a life at the cell surface where it acts as a ligand-activated receptor. The still rudimentary information of how CLIMP-63 fulfills these different roles, what these are exactly and how post-translational modifications control them, will be discussed. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1145/1882291.1882305 | Synthesis Of Live Behaviour Models | We present a novel technique for synthesising behaviour models that works for an expressive subset of liveness properties and conforms to the foundational requirements engineering World/Machine model, dealing explicitly with assumptions on environment behaviour and distinguishing controlled and monitored actions. This is the first technique that conforms to what is considered best practice in requirements specifications: distinguishing prescriptive and descriptive assertions. Most previous attempts at using synthesis of behavioural models were restricted to handling only safety properties. Those that did support liveness were inadequate for synthesis of operational event based models as they did not include the bespoke distinction between system goals and environment assumptions. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
169736 | Visual privacy management in user centric open environments | Public Administration (PA) authorities are working towards upgrading the level of their online services through new governance models such as the Open Government. This pushes for greater transparency, accountability and innovation aiming at increasing citizen levels of confidence and trust in PA online services. In this context, user data privacy is an important issue. VisiOn will deliver a high Technology Readiness Level (TRL) Visual Privacy Management Platform, which empowers any citizen to achieve desired levels of privacy by creating and monitoring a personal Privacy Level Agreement. The platform will provide clear visualisation of privacy preferences, relevant threats and trust issues along with an insight into the economic value of user data. The platform will equip PAs with the right tools to improve the transparency and accountability of their operations, by supporting visual analysis of (i) privacy issues at different levels (e.g. design, run-time) and perspectives (i.e. citizen, PA); (ii) regulation compliance; and (iii) business/operational processes. The VisiOn consortium will leverage existing software, tools and methodologies, which partners have developed in previous projects, towards the implementation of the privacy platform software components. The latter will be tested in an operational environment (i.e. TRL 7), in three different pilot scenarios across two different scenario types (i.e. citizen/PA & PA/cross-border PA). Pilots will involve users from three European countries. Driven by the lack of appropriate products in the market, as identified by the relevant market analysis, the VisiOn exploitation strategy is based on commercialisation of the project results at three levels: platform-as-a-whole, fragments of the platform, and partner individual exploitation. This strategy will enable partners to integrate the project results into their existing commercial offerings, thus exploring and establishing new business opportunities and ventures. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
W2130293503 | The effects of gradients of nerve growth factor immobilized PCLA scaffolds on neurite outgrowth in vitro and peripheral nerve regeneration in rats | Introducing concentration gradients of nerve growth factor (NGF) into conduits for repairing of peripheral nerve injury is crucial for nerve regeneration and guidance. Herein, combining differential adsorption of NGF/silk fibroin (SF) coating, the gradient of NGF-immobilized membranes (G-Ms) and nanofibrous nerve conduits (G-nNCs) were successfully fabricated. The efficacy of NGF gradients was confirmed by a quantitative comparison of dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurite outgrowth on the G-Ms or uniform NGF-immobilized membranes (U-Ms). Significantly, the neurite turning ratio was 0.48 ± 0.11 for G-M group, but it was close to zero for U-M group. The neurite length of DRGs in the middle of the G-Ms was significantly longer than that of U-M group, even though the average NGF concentration was approximated. Furthermore, 12 weeks after implantation in rats with a 14 mm gap of sciatic nerve injury, G-nNCs achieved satisfying outcomes of nerve regeneration associated with morphological and functional improvements, which was superior to that of the uniform NGF-immobilized nNCs (U-nNCs). Sciatic function index (SFI), compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs), total number of myelinated nerve fibers, thickness of myelin sheath were similar for the G-nNCs and autografts, with the G-nNCs having a higher density of axons than the autografts. Our results demonstrated the significant role of introducing NGF gradients into scaffolds in promoting nerve regeneration. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Materials Engineering",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00716 | Developmental trajectories in primary schoolchildren using n-back task | Background: Neuropsychological instruments to assess cognitive trajectories during childhood in epidemiological studies are needed. This would improve neurodevelopment characterization in order to identify its potential determinants. We aimed to study whether repeated measures of n-back, a working memory task, detect developmental trajectories in schoolchildren during a 1-year follow-up. Methods: We administered the n-back task to 2897 healthy children aged 7-11 years old from 39 schools in Barcelona (Spain). The task consisted of 2 levels of complexity or loads (2- and 3-back) and 2 different stimuli (numbers and words). Participants performed the task four times from January 2012 to March 2013. To study the trajectories during the follow-up, we performed linear mixed-effects models including school, individual and age as random effects. Results: We observed improvements related to age in n-back outcomes d', HRT and accuracy, as well as reduced cognitive growth at older ages in d' and HRT. Greater improvements in performance were observed at younger ages, in 2-back, in verbal rather than numerical stimuli and in girls compared to boys. Boys responded faster at baseline, while girls showed increased growth in 2-back numbers. Children with ADHD (Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder) symptoms (15% of boys and 6% of girls) had a lower working memory at baseline, but they showed similar cognitive growth trajectories in numbers variants of the task, as compared to children without ADHD symptoms. However, the age-related improvement in response speed was not observed in children with ADHD symptoms. Conclusions: Changes in n-back outcomes reflected developmental trajectories in 1-year follow-up. The present results suggest that the repeated administration of this task can be used to study the factors that may alter the cognitive development during childhood. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
884405 | Productionisation of advanced modular passenger autonomous seating | The automotive industry is being encouraged to cut emissions from cars, with OEMs threatened with penalties if they do not meet targets. One way of achieving this is to make vehicles lighter. Reducing the weight of a small family car by 5% can lead to increased fuel efficiency of 2% . Conventional car seats can weigh up to 35kg each , whereas Gordon Murray Design’s composite iStream® seat weighs only 12kg, potentially a huge weight saving. The manufacture of composite car seats has traditionally been expensive due to their unsuitability for mass production but the revolutionary iStream® manufacturing process overturns this convention, utilising a composite sandwich panel structure and metallic frame combination, which costs no more than a conventional car seat.
Reducing the weight is also of benefit to electric vehicles (EVs) as well as internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, lower weight means lower emissions and for EVs it means greater range for a given battery size or a smaller (cheaper) battery for a given range, both of which are very desirable for customers.
The principal objective of the The Productionisation of Advanced Modular Passenger Autonomous Seating (PAMPAS) project is to fully understand all aspects of the industrialisation process to ensure the already technically proven seating system can enter into series production with a commercially viable proposition. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevB.95.195157 | Quantum heat waves in a one-dimensional condensate | We study the dynamics of phase relaxation between a pair of one-dimensional condensates created by a bi-directional, supersonic 'unzipping' of a finite single condensate. We find that the system fractures into different extensive chunks of space-time, within which correlations appear thermal but correspond to different effective temperatures. Coherences between different eigen-modes are crucial for understanding the development of such thermal correlations; at no point in time can our system be described by a generalized Gibbs' ensemble despite nearly always appearing locally thermal. We rationalize a picture of propagating fronts of hot and cold sound waves, populated at effective, relativistically red- and blue-shifted temperatures to intuitively explain our findings. The disparity between these hot and cold temperatures vanishes for the case of instantaneous splitting but diverges in the limit where the splitting velocity approaches the speed of sound; in this limit, a sonic boom occurs wherein the system is excited only along an infinitely narrow, and infinitely hot beam. We expect our findings to apply generally to the study of superluminal perturbations in systems with emergent Lorentz symmetry. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
10.1214/17-AOS1552 | Local M Estimation With Discontinuous Criterion For Dependent And Limited Observations | This paper examines asymptotic properties of local M-estimators under three sets of high-level conditions. These conditions are sufficiently general to cover the minimum volume predictive region, conditional maximum score estimator for a panel data discrete choice model, and many other widely used estimators in statistics and econometrics. Specifically, they allow for discontinuous criterion functions of weakly dependent observations, which may be localized by kernel smoothing and contain nuisance parameters whose dimension may grow to infinity. Furthermore, the localization can occur around parameter values rather than around a fixed point and the observation may take limited values, which leads to set estimators. Our theory produces three different nonparametric cube root rates and enables valid inference for the local M-estimators, building on novel maximal inequalities for weakly dependent data. Our results include the standard cube root asymptotics as a special case. To illustrate the usefulness of our results, we verify our conditions for various examples such as the Hough transform estimator with diminishing bandwidth, maximum score-type set estimator, and many others. | [
"Mathematics",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
10.1126/science.aar7462 | Dual-spindle formation in zygotes keeps parental genomes apart in early mammalian embryos | At the beginning of mammalian life, the genetic material from each parent meets when the fertilized egg divides. It was previously thought that a single microtubule spindle is responsible for spatially combining the two genomes and then segregating them to create the two-cell embryo. We used light-sheet microscopy to show that two bipolar spindles form in the zygote and then independently congress the maternal and paternal genomes. These two spindles aligned their poles before anaphase but kept the parental genomes apart during the first cleavage. This spindle assembly mechanism provides a potential rationale for erroneous divisions into more than two blastomeric nuclei observed in mammalian zygotes and reveals the mechanism behind the observation that parental genomes occupy separate nuclear compartments in the two-cell embryo. | [
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1109/TVCG.2017.2674978 | Towards Perceptual Optimization Of The Visual Design Of Scatterplots | Designing a good scatterplot can be difficult for non-experts in visualization, because they need to decide on many parameters, such as marker size and opacity, aspect ratio, color, and rendering order. This paper contributes to research exploring the use of perceptual models and quality metrics to set such parameters automatically for enhanced visual quality of a scatterplot. A key consideration in this paper is the construction of a cost function to capture several relevant aspects of the human visual system, examining a scatterplot design for some data analysis task. We show how the cost function can be used in an optimizer to search for the optimal visual design for a user’s dataset and task objectives (e. g. , “reliable linear correlation estimation is more important than class separation”). The approach is extensible to different analysis tasks. To test its performance in a realistic setting, we pre-calibrated it for correlation estimation, class separation, and outlier detection. The optimizer was able to produce designs that achieved a level of speed and success comparable to that of those using human-designed presets (e. g. , in R or MATLAB). Case studies demonstrate that the approach can adapt a design to the data, to reveal patterns without user intervention. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
EP 07102547 A | Lighting instrument | The present invention aims at providing a blue-aimed phosphor powder which is more excellent in emission characteristic than the conventional rare-earth activated sialon phosphors and which is more excellent in durability than the conventional oxide phosphors. The solving means resides in: firing a starting material mixture in a nitrogen atmosphere at a temperature range between 1,500°C inclusive and 2,200°C inclusive, wherein the starting material mixture is a mixture of metallic compounds, and is capable of constituting a composition comprising M, A, Si, Al, O, and N (M is one kind or two or more kinds of element(s) selected from Mn, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, and Yb; and A is one kind or two or more kinds of element(s) selected from C, Si, Ge, Sn, B, Ga, In, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Sc, Y, La, Gd, Lu, Ti, Zr, Hf, Ta, and W) by firing; to obtain a phosphor which emits fluorescence having a peak at a wavelength within a range of 400nm to 700nm, by irradiation of an excitation source. | [
"Materials Engineering",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W170311699 | Comment on Baker's Autonomy and Free Speech | In approaching this comment I am conflicted in two ways. First, I have always been a great admirer of Ed Baker and his work, but I will be focusing mostly on those points on which we disagreed. Second, my relation to the autonomy theories of freedom of speech is ambiguous. I agree with Ed Baker in taking autonomy theories to be superior to democracy-based accounts, which are their main systemic rival, and I myself once offered a theory of freedom of expression that gave a central place to autonomy. But I have come to believe that theory to be mistaken in important respects, and, more generally, to believe, for reasons that I will explain, that the concept of autonomy is not a helpful one. The idea that there is a right of freedom of speech depends on the belief that important interests are threatened if the state has unregulated power to restrict expression. The interests in question are, on the surface at least, various. Some of these interests are political in the sense of having to do with elections, legislation and so forth. These include, at least, the interests of participants’ expression in having opportunities to criticize public officials, to influence public policy and legislation, and to participate in electoral politics. Beyond these narrowly political interests, people also have interests in having opportunities to communicate with others who share their values having to do with art, religion, science, philosophy, sex and other important aspects of personal life, and in having opportunities to express these values to others who may not share them, in hopes of influencing them, and thereby shaping the mores of their society, or just in order to bear witness to these values by giving them public expression. People also have interests, as audience members, in having access to information and opinion and to | [
"Texts and Concepts",
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems"
]
|
10.1021/nn5062645 | Nonequilibrium capture rates induce protein accumulation and enhanced adsorption to solid-state nanopores | Single molecule capturing of analytes using an electrically biased nanopore is the fundamental mechanism in which nearly all nanopore experiments are conducted. With pore dimensions being on the order of a single molecule, the spatial zone of sensing only contains approximately a zeptoliter of volume. As a result, nanopores offer high precision sensing within the pore but provide little to no information about the analytes outside the pore. In this study, we use capture frequency and rate balance theory to predict and study the accumulation of proteins at the entrance to the pore. Protein accumulation is found to have positive attributes such as capture rate enhancement over time but can additionally lead to negative effects such as long-term blockages typically attributed to protein adsorption on the surface of the pore. Working with the folded and unfolded states of the protein domain PDZ2 from SAP97, we show that applying short (e. g. , 3-25 s in duration) positive voltage pulses, rather than a constant voltage, can prevent long-term current blockades (i. e. , adsorption events). By showing that the concentration of proteins around the pore can be controlled in real time using modified voltage protocols, new experiments can be explored which study the role of concentration on single molecular kinetics including protein aggregation, folding, and protein binding. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1109/ICASSP.2013.6638508 | Cooperative Simultaneous Localization And Tracking Coslat With Reduced Complexity And Communication | The recently introduced framework of cooperative simultaneous localization and tracking (CoSLAT) combines Bayesian cooperative agent self-localization with distributed target tracking. The original CoSLAT algorithm suffers from high computation and communication costs because it uses a particle-based message representation. Here, we propose an advanced hybrid particle-based and parametric message passing algorithm for CoSLAT in which both costs are significantly reduced. Simulation results show that the localization/tracking performance is not affected. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/s41598-018-31884-7 | High-Resolution AMS Dating of Architecture, Boulder Artworks and the Transition to Farming at Lepenski Vir | The archaeological site of Lepenski Vir is widely known after its remarkable stone art sculptures that represent a unique and unprecedented case of Holocene hunter-gatherer creativity. These artworks were found largely associated with equally unique trapezoidal limestone building floors around their centrally located rectangular stone-lined hearths. A debate has raged since the discovery of the site about the chronological place of various discovered features. While over years different views from that of the excavator about the stratigraphy and chronology of the site have been put forward, some major disagreements about the chronological position of the features that make this site a key point of reference in European Prehistory persist. Despite challenges of re-analyzing the site’s stratigraphy from the original excavation records, taphonomic problems, and issues of reservoir offsets when providing radiocarbon measurements on human and dog bones, our targeted AMS (Accelerator Mass Spectrometry) dating of various contexts from this site with the application of Bayesian statistical modelling allows us to propose with confidence a new and sound chronological framework and provide formal estimates for several key developments represented in the archaeological record of Lepenski Vir that help us in understanding the transition of last foragers to first farmers in southeast Europe as a whole. | [
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
W2052553413 | Assessment of dynamic balance via measurement of lower extremities tortuosity | Tortuosity describes how twisted or how much curvature is present in an observed movement or path. The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in segmental tortuosity between Star Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) reach directions. Fifteen healthy participants completed this study. Participants completed the modified three direction (anterior, posteromedial, posterolateral) SEBT with three-dimensional motion analysis using an 8 camera BTS Smart 7000DX motion analysis system. The tortuosity of stance limb retro-reflective markers was then calculated and compared between reach directions using a 1 × 3 ANOVA with repeated measures, while the relationship between SEBT performance and tortuosity was established using Pearson product moment correlations. Anterior superior iliac spine tortuosity was significantly greater (p < 0.001) and lateral knee tortuosity was lesser (p = 0.018) in the anterior direction compared to the posteromedial and posterolateral directions. In addition, second metatarsal tortuosity was greater in the anterior reach direction when compared to posteromedial direction (p = 0.024). Tortuosity is a novel biomechanical measurement technique that provides an assessment of segmental movement during common dynamic tasks such as the SEBT. This enhanced level of detail compared to more global measures of joint kinematic may provide insight into compensatory movement strategies adopted following lower extremity joint injury. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
219606 | Linked irish traditional music project | The LITMUS (Linked Irish Traditional Music) project will focus on the development of the first linked open data (LOD) framework tailored to the needs of Irish traditional song, instrumental music, and dance (ITM), as well as European and non-European traditional musics primarily propagated through oral transmission. LOD connects data from within & beyond knowledge domains; LOD ontologies are specially designed to represent knowledge structures and relationships. The few existing LOD music ontologies do not adequately express ITM & other oral traditions, making LITMUS significant. Project activities include ontology development, LOD infrastructure creation, & development of a publicly-accessible LOD pilot. LITMUS will impact the larger European cultural heritage community & beyond, providing a framework for other organisations to model & publish their own similar collections in LOD; reifying latent shared properties & traits anecdotally known to exist in the folk music of countries with strong socio-historical links. The researcher is uniquely positioned for implementing the LITMUS project through her combination of depth & breadth of knowledge in ITM, research in music information scholarship, & technological skills. Through LITMUS, the researcher will gain new technical skills, apply knowledge in multiple areas, gain insight into LOD industry research; synthesize current knowledge with new approaches using LOD, & gain high-level publication & presentation opportunities, thus greatly enhancing her employability in the non-academic sector. A variety of non-academic and academic audiences will be engaged in dissemination & communication of project results through presentations, demonstrations, videos, & workshops, including interdisciplinary music audiences. LITMUS will add value to ITMA's existing role as Project Partner & Content Provider for Europeana/Europeana Sounds whilst establishing ITMA as an international research focal point for LOD & traditional musics. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
W4283269362 | Bruno Vieira Amaral. <i>Integrado Marginal: Biografia de José Cardoso Pires</i> | Review of Vieira Amaral, B. (2021). Integrado Marginal: Biografia de José Cardoso Pires . Lisboa: Contraponto, 599 pp. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Texts and Concepts"
]
|
10.1088/0953-2048/24/9/095012 | State Of The Art Flux Pinning In Yba2Cu3O7 Δ By The Creation Of Highly Linear Segmented Nanorods Of Ba2 Y Gd Nb Ta O6 Together With Nanoparticles Of Y Gd 2O3 And Y Gd Ba2Cu4O8 | Self-assembled, segmented nanorods of c-axis-aligned Ba2(Y /Gd)(Nb/Ta)O6 as well as randomly distributed nanoparticles of (Y /Gd)2O3 and (Y /Gd)Ba2Cu4O8 were grown into YBa2Cu3O7 − δ (YBCO) thin films by pulsed-laser deposition. The complex pinning landscape proves to be extremely effective, particularly at higher fields where the segmented vortices yield a plateau in critical current density (Jc) with field angle around 60°. In 0. 3 µm thick films, the Jc values are higher than 1 MA cm − 2 at 2. 5 T ( axis). Owing to the combined interactions of the vortices with the different pinning centres, interesting new features are observed at high fields in the angular dependence of Jc. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
W2971992701 | Early Oligocene dinocysts as a tool for palaeoenvironment reconstruction and stratigraphical framework – a case study from a North Sea well | Abstract. The lower Oligocene (Rupelian) successions are climate record archives of the early icehouse world in the Cenozoic. Even though the number of studies focussing on the generally cold Oligocene is increasing, little is known about climatic variations in the mid-latitudes to high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. One of the major obstacles is the lack of stratigraphically complete uppermost Eocene to Oligocene successions in these regions. This study focusses on dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) from a thick nearly complete Rupelian succession in the Syracuse Oils Norge A/S well 11/10-1 drilled in 1969 in the Norwegian part of the North Sea basin. The well provides a record of mid-latitude dinocyst assemblages, which yield key biostratigraphical and palaeoenvironmental information. All the analyses were undertaken on ditch cutting samples. The dinocyst assemblages confirm that the well penetrates about 600 m of Rupelian sediments and (as supported by correlation with the Nini-1 well) that the lowermost Rupelian (below the top or the last occurrence of Areosphaeridium diktyoplokum) is expanded. These assemblages also indicate the presence of two hiatuses: the first extends from the Lutetian to the Priabonian (equivalent to the D9nb–D12nb zones), and the second spans the Rupelian–Chattian boundary (equivalent to the D14nb subzone or the NSO-5 zone). Despite the risk of caving, the dinocyst assemblages support the existing sequence stratigraphic framework. The assemblages reflect a clear transition from distal to proximal deposition in the vicinity of the site (across the regional seismic sequences OSS-1 – OSS meaning Oligocene seismic sequence – to OSS-2). The proximal deltaic deposits of the OSS-2 regressive system tract (RST) are characterised by pulses of high sea-surface productivity and pronounced shifts in the dinocyst assemblages, reflecting a highly dynamic environment in a restricted marine to marginal marine setting. The Rupelian succession penetrated by well 11/10-1 yields one new species, Areoligera? barskii sp. nov., which is described here in detail. The cold-water-tolerant dinocyst Svalbardella cooksoniae is present in two intervals in the studied succession. These intervals are related to the early Oligocene cooling maxima (the Oi-1a and the Oi-2 events). Furthermore, these two intervals correlate with two local sequence boundaries, suggesting that they are most probably of glacioeustatic origin. From these observations, I postulate that the early icehouse climate played an important role in the depositional development of the Oligocene succession in the North Sea basin. Even though the Eocene–Oligocene transition interval is not complete (i.e. Lutetian to Priabonian is either missing or condensed), well 11/10-1 merits high-resolution studies of the early icehouse climate for the North Sea region. Although any detailed studies should ideally be undertaken on conventional cores instead of ditch cuttings, no such samples spanning the Eocene–Oligocene transition exist in this area. | [
"Earth System Science",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
10.1088/1475-7516/2019/04/029 | Bbn Constraints On The Annihilation Of Mev Scale Dark Matter | Thermal dark matter at the MeV scale faces stringent bounds from a variety of cosmological probes. Here we perform a detailed evaluation of BBN bounds on the annihilation cross section of dark matter with a mass $1\,\text{MeV} \lesssim m_\chi \lesssim 1\,\text{GeV}$. For $p-wave suppressed annihilations, constraints from BBN turn out to be significantly stronger than the ones from CMB observations, and are competitive with the strongest bounds from other indirect searches. We furthermore update the lower bound from BBN on the mass of thermal dark matter using improved determinations of primordial abundances. While being of similar strength as the corresponding bound from CMB, it is significantly more robust to changes in the particle physics model. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201323052 | Monte Carlo Simulations Of Post Common Envelope White Dwarf Main Sequence Binaries Comparison With The Sdss Dr7 Observed Sample | Context. Detached white dwarf + main sequence (WD+MS) systems represent the simplest population of post-common envelope binaries (PCEBs). Since the ensemble properties of this population carries important information about the characteristics of the common-envelope (CE) phase, it deserves close scrutiny. However, most population synthesis studies do not fully consider the effects of the observational selection biases of the samples used to compare with the theoretical simulations. Aims. Here we present the results of a set of detailed Monte Carlo simulations of the population of WD+MS binaries in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Data Release 7. Methods. We used up-to-date stellar evolutionary models, a complete treatment of the Roche lobe overflow episode, and a full implementation of the orbital evolution of the binary systems. Moreover, in our treatment we took the selection criteria and all the known observational biases into account. Results. Our population synthesis study allowed us to make a meaningful comparison with the available observational data. In particular, we examined the CE efficiency, the possible contribution of internal energy, and the initial mass ratio distribution (IMRD) of the binary systems. We find that our simulations correctly reproduce the properties of the observed distribution of WD+MS PCEBs. In particular, we find that once the observational biases are carefully considered, the distribution of orbital periods and of masses of the WD and MS stars can be correctly reproduced for several choices of the free parameters and different IMRDs, although models in which a moderate fraction (≤10%) of the internal energy is used to eject the CE and in which a low value of CE efficiency is used (≤0. 3) seem to fit the observational data better. We also find that systems with He-core WDs are over-represented in the observed sample, because of selection effects. Conclusions. Although our study represents an important step forward in modeling the population of WD+MS PCEBs, the still scarce observational data preclude deriving a precise value of the several free parameters used to compute the CE phase without ambiguity or ascertaining which the correct IMRD might be. | [
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevA.95.012305 | Single-mode displacement sensor | We show that one can determine both parameters of a displacement acting on an oscillator with an accuracy which scales inversely with the square root of the number of photons in the oscillator. Our results are obtained by using a grid state as a sensor state for detecting small translations in phase space (displacements). Grid states were first proposed [D. Gottesman, Phys. Rev. A 64, 012310 (2001)PLRAAN1050-294710. 1103/PhysRevA. 64. 012310] for encoding a qubit into an oscillator: an efficient preparation protocol of such states, using a coupling to a qubit, was later developed [B. M. Terhal and D. Weigand, Phys. Rev. A 93, 012315 (2016)1050-294710. 1103/PhysRevA. 93. 012315]. We compare the performance of the grid state with the quantum compass or cat code state and place our results in the context of the two-parameter quantum Cramér-Rao lower bound on the variances of the displacement parameters. We show that the accessible information about the displacement for a grid state increases with the number of photons in the state when we measure and prepare the state using a phase estimation protocol. This is in contrast with the accessible information in the quantum compass state which we show is always upper bounded by a constant, independent of the number of photons. We present numerical simulations of a phase estimation based preparation protocol of a grid state in the presence of photon loss, nonlinearities, and qubit measurement, using no post-selection, showing how the two effective squeezing parameters which characterize the grid state change during the preparation. The idea behind the phase estimation protocol is a simple maximal-information gain strategy. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.3389/fsoc.2020.00059 | Gendered Discrimination Against Immigrants: Experimental Evidence | Recent migration from Muslim-majority countries has sparked discussions across Europe about the supposed threat posed by new immigrants. Young men make up the largest share of newly arrived immigrants and this demographic is often perceived to be particularly threatening. In this article, we compare pro-sociality and trust toward immigrants from Muslim-majority countries, focusing on gender differences in treatment. We study these questions using behavioral games that measure strategic (trusting) and non-strategic (pro-social) behavior. Our data comes from measures embedded in a large survey of residents of Germany's eastern regions, where anti-immigrant sentiments are high. We find that Germans are similarly pro-social toward immigrant men and women in non-strategic situations, but are significantly less likely to trust immigrant men (but not women) in strategic encounters. These findings provide evidence that immigrants' gender can be an important factor conditioning the behavior of the majority population, but also caution that (gendered) ethnic discrimination may be situationally dependent. Future research should further examine the exact mechanisms underlying this variation in discriminatory behavior. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1093/eurpub/ckv111 | What causes health inequality? A systematic review on the relative importance of social causation and health selection | Background: The social gradient in health is one of the most reliable findings in public health research. The two competing hypotheses that try to explain this gradient are known as the social causation and the health selection hypothesis. There is currently no synthesis of the results of studies that test both hypotheses. Methods: We provide a systematic review of the literature that has addressed both the health selection and social causation hypotheses between 1994 and 2013 using seven databases following PRISMA rules. Results: The search strategy resulted in 2952 studies, of which, we included 34 in the review. The synthesis of these studies suggests that there is no general preference for either of the hypotheses (12 studies for social causation, 10 for health selection). However, both a narrative synthesis as well as meta-regression results show that studies using indicators for socio-economic status (SES) that are closely related to the labor market find equal support for health selection and social causation, whereas indicators of SES like education and income yield results that are in favor of the social causation hypothesis. High standards in statistical modeling were associated with more support for health selection. Conclusions: The review highlights the fact that the causal mechanisms behind health inequalities are dependent on whether or not the dimension being analyzed closely reflects labor market success. Additionally, further research should strive to improve the statistical modeling of causality, as this might influence the conclusions drawn regarding the relative importance of health selection and social causation. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
W2969744910 | Oscillating scalar fields and the Hubble tension: A resolution with novel signatures | We present a detailed investigation of a sub-dominant oscillating scalar field ('early dark energy', EDE) in the context of resolving the Hubble tension. Consistent with earlier work, but without relying on fluid approximations, we find that a scalar field frozen due to Hubble friction until ${\rm log}_{10}(z_c)\sim3.5$, reaching $\rho_{\rm EDE}(z_c)/\rho_{\rm tot}\sim10$%, and diluting faster than matter afterwards can bring cosmic microwave background (CMB), baryonic acoustic oscillations, supernovae luminosity distances, and the late-time estimate of the Hubble constant from the SH0ES collaboration into agreement. A scalar field potential which scales as $V(\phi) \propto \phi^{2n}$ with $2\lesssim n\lesssim 3.4$ around the minimum is preferred at the 68% confidence level, and the {\em Planck} polarization places additional constraints on the dynamics of perturbations in the scalar field. In particular, the data prefers a potential which flattens at large field displacements. An MCMC analysis of mock data shows that the next-generation CMB observations (i.e., CMB-S4) can unambiguously detect the presence of the EDE at very high significance. This projected sensitivity to the EDE dynamics is mainly driven by improved measurements of the $E$-mode polarization. We also explore new observational signatures of EDE scalar field dynamics: (i) We find that depending on the strength of the tensor-to-scalar ratio, the presence of the EDE might imply the existence of isocurvature perturbations in the CMB. (ii) We show that a strikingly rapid, scale-dependent growth of EDE field perturbations can result from parametric resonance driven by the anharmonic oscillating field for $n\approx 2$. This instability and ensuing potentially nonlinear, spatially inhomogenoues, dynamics may provide unique signatures of this scenario. | [
"Universe Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
W2080098935 | The Implementation of DXF Application On Smart Devices | As the mobile devices have powerful CPUs and memories, it is possible to carry the large volumes of design drawings, such as DXF files, on mobile devices. However, since the format of a DXF file is the ASCII, it has the shortcoming where the size of a file is larger than a binary formatted file and it is difficult to display the entities of drawings quickly on mobile devices. In this paper, we design the DXF manager system on a smart phone. To speed up the rate of the display and panning, the DXF manager hires the spatial index, the fixed grid file. We also implement the system on the Samsung Omnia-1 ® to exploit the Windows Mobile ® operating system. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
W2166980484 | Situated cognitive engineering : the requirements and design of automatically directed scenario-based training | Serious games enable trainees to practice independently of school, staff, and fellow students. This is important as amount of practice directly relates to training efficacy. It is also known that personalized guidance elevates the benefits of training. How to achieve automated guidance, for example to be used in serious games, is a yet unsolved issue. This paper uses the situated Cognitive Engineering method to analyze the operational demands, theoretical foundations and technological opportunities for the design of an automatically directed scenario-based training system (AD-SBT). AD-SBT guides training by selecting scenarios that match the trainee’s competency level, by monitoring the training process, and by offering appropriate support. Three instructional principles are used: adapt training to the trainee’s cognitive characteristics, strengthen the trainee’s will to learn, and foster transfer of learned skills. This paper reports evidence taken from the literature and by means of a use case simulation to validate and verify the presented requirements for AD-SBT and the underlying claims. Results show that the introduced requirements baseline and the resulting design for AD-SBT form a good starting point for future refinement and prototyping. | [
"Computer Science and Informatics",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
W1941701029 | Unified Treatment of Ideal Fermi, Bose, and Classical Gases | We give a unified treatment of ideal Fermi, Bose, and classical gases for temperatures sufficiently large that energy levels can be treated as a quasi-continuous. Sums can be converted to integrals over a density of quantum states to evaluate thermodynamic functions. Pressure is equal to two-thirds of the energy density for all three gases. Relevant integrals can be represented by series expansions if the absolute activity is less than unity, which is always the case for bosons. For fermions, larger values of the absolute activity can be handled by an asymptotic expansion. Virial expansions for the pressure of these ideal gases are power series in the ratio of the actual concentration to the quantum concentration. For absolute activity less than unity, the deviation from ideal gas behavior is practically linear in that ratio, less pressure for bosons, and more for fermions. Formulae for the heat capacity of these gases at constant volume are calculated in terms of several integrals. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
W640375562 | Debating single-sex education: separate and equal? | Chapter 1 Single-Sex Classes: Everything That's Old is New Again Chapter 2 Jumping Into the Fray: How to Implement Single-Sex Classes Chapter 3 Bumps Along the Way: Mistakes Made and Lessons Learned Chapter 4 Having it Our Way: Students Speak Out on Single-Sex Classes Chapter 5 Going the Distance: Strategies for Teacher Preparation Chapter 6 Does It Add Up? Single-Sex Classes and Student Achievement Chapter 7 Good New and Bad News: Student Behavior in Single-Sex Classes Chapter 8 For Better or Worse: Classroom Dynamics in Single-Sex Science Classes Chapter 9 We've Always Done it This Way: Single-Sex Classes in Kenya Chapter 10 Now what? Practical implications | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity"
]
|
10.1038/ncb3344 | Centromeric DNA replication reconstitution reveals DNA loops and ATR checkpoint suppression | Half of the human genome is made up of repetitive DNA. However, mechanisms underlying replication of chromosome regions containing repetitive DNA are poorly understood. We reconstituted replication of defined human chromosome segments using bacterial artificial chromosomes in Xenopus laevis egg extract. Using this approach we characterized the chromatin assembly and replication dynamics of centromeric alpha-satellite DNA. Proteomic analysis of centromeric chromatin revealed replication-dependent enrichment of a network of DNA repair factors including the MSH2-6 complex, which was required for efficient centromeric DNA replication. However, contrary to expectations, the ATR-dependent checkpoint monitoring DNA replication fork arrest could not be activated on highly repetitive DNA due to the inability of the single-stranded DNA binding protein RPA to accumulate on chromatin. Electron microscopy of centromeric DNA and supercoil mapping revealed the presence of topoisomerase I-dependent DNA loops embedded in a protein matrix enriched for SMC2-4 proteins. This arrangement suppressed ATR signalling by preventing RPA hyper-loading, facilitating replication of centromeric DNA. These findings have important implications for our understanding of repetitive DNA metabolism and centromere organization under normal and stressful conditions. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
892472 | Space qualification and validation of high performance european rad-hard fpga | The OPERA project sets clear and measurable main objectives to reach a TRL 7 as follows:
1. Validation and tradeoff by end users of NanoXplore rad-hard FPGA (NG-LARGE and NG-ULTRA) – TRL 6 achieved.
2. Development and testing of very complex ceramic hermetic package CGA 1752 – TRL 6 achieved
3. Space ESCC evaluation of NanoXplore's rad-hard FPGA (NG-LARGE) – TRL 7 achieved
The proposed activity is part of a jointly agreed space FPGA roadmap between EU, the European Space Agency, the CNES and the key European space equipment manufacturers. It is supporting the Strategic Research Agenda of the European Space Technology Platform. The proposed activities will address applications beyond the space market such as avionic, energy and transport.
OPERA is set up to validate and do the ESCC evaluation of advanced rad-hard NG-LARGE FPGA with minimum risk execution and best product time to market. The project will give access to state of the art qualified rad-hard FPGA NG-LARGE and prepare future applications for the most advanced FPGA in the world NG-ULTRA. The project will enable the two European largest satellite vendors Thales Alenia Space and Airbus DS to evaluate both NG-LARGE and NG-ULTRA to better assess which FPGA is more suitable for a defined application. NX is developping a familly of FPGA to adress the whole space market and it is key to validate the limit and the possibilities for each FPGA. TAS and ADS will also start developping state of the art applications to speed up products dissemination. OPERA is fully in line with ESA / EU activities and will merge outcomes from different projects to reach a TRL 7:
ESCC evaluate rad-hard FPGA developped in the BRAVE project
Take benefit of the programming software tools (“NanoXmap”) improved in the VEGAS (H2020) project
NG-ULTRA development from DEMETER (ECSEL), DAHLIA (H2020) and MARS (PSPC) projects | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Materials Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
ES 2022070828 W | BIODEGRADABLE PAINT TRAY AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BIODEGRADABLE PAINT TRAY | Disclosed is a biodegradable paint tray formed by a container (1) which can receive an amount of paint and in which a roller or brush can be moistened, and which is formed by a strong impermeable body made of biodegradable material obtained from cellulose fibres from recovered materials. Preferably, the container (1) is a body obtained by moulding a paste formed by a mixture based on pulp obtained from recovered materials, and chemical permeabilising products, such that they do not interfere with the biodegradability of the body. Preferably, the container (1) has a rectangular plan and a flat bottom. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Materials Engineering"
]
|
GB 4724274 A | STERILISING COMPOSITIONS AND THEIR USE | 1531722 Sterilizing compositions RENTOKIL Ltd 31 Oct 1975 [31 Oct 1974] 47242/74 Heading A5E [Also in Division C1] A sterilizing composition capable of giving extended release of sulphur dioxide in the presence of moisture comprises a sulphurdioxide-liberating compound, preferably a metabisulphite or a dithionite and a rate moderator, comprising a thiosulphate and optionally a buffer, such as KH 2 PO 4 , a borate or an amine. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1038/nprot.2017.100 | Measuring protein structural changes on a proteome-wide scale using limited proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry | Protein structural changes induced by external perturbations or internal cues can profoundly influence protein activity and thus modulate cellular physiology. A number of biophysical approaches are available to probe protein structural changes, but these are not applicable to a whole proteome in a biological extract. Limited proteolysis-coupled mass spectrometry (LiP-MS) is a recently developed proteomics approach that enables the identification of protein structural changes directly in their complex biological context on a proteome-wide scale. After perturbations of interest, proteome extracts are subjected to a double-protease digestion step with a nonspecific protease applied under native conditions, followed by complete digestion with the sequence-specific protease trypsin under denaturing conditions. This sequential treatment generates structure-specific peptides amenable to bottom-up MS analysis. Next, a proteomics workflow involving shotgun or targeted MS and label-free quantification is applied to measure structure-dependent proteolytic patterns directly in the proteome extract. Possible applications of LiP-MS include discovery of perturbation-induced protein structural alterations, identification of drug targets, detection of disease-associated protein structural states, and analysis of protein aggregates directly in biological samples. The approach also enables identification of the specific protein regions involved in the structural transition or affected by the binding event. Sample preparation takes approximately 2 d, followed by one to several days of MS and data analysis time, depending on the number of samples analyzed. Scientists with basic biochemistry training can implement the sample preparation steps. MS measurement and data analysis require a background in proteomics. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1094/MPMI-01-17-0010-CR | Foundational And Translational Research Opportunities To Improve Plant Health | Reader Comments | Submit a Comment The white paper reports the deliberations of a workshop focused on biotic challenges to plant health held in Washington, D. C. in September 2016. Ensuring health of food plants is critical to maintaining the quality and productivity of crops and for sustenance of the rapidly growing human population. There is a close linkage between food security and societal stability; however, global food security is threatened by the vulnerability of our agricultural systems to numerous pests, pathogens, weeds, and environmental stresses. These threats are aggravated by climate change, the globalization of agriculture, and an over-reliance on nonsustainable inputs. New analytical and computational technologies are providing unprecedented resolution at a variety of molecular, cellular, organismal, and population scales for crop plants as well as pathogens, pests, beneficial microbes, and weeds. It is now possible to both characterize useful or deleterious variation as well as precisely manipulate it. Data-driven, informed decisions based on knowledge of the variation of biotic challenges and of natural and synthetic variation in crop plants will enable deployment of durable interventions throughout the world. These should be integral, dynamic components of agricultural strategies for sustainable agriculture. | [
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Earth System Science"
]
|
W1995990091 | Optical–optical isomerization mechanism for the third-order optical nonlinearity in side-chain azobenzene copolymer | Abstract The third-order optical nonlinear properties of a side-chain azobenzene copolymer have been studied using the Z -scan technique at 532 nm with 35 ps pulses. The mechanism has been described in detail via an optical–optical isomerization. The two-photon absorption coefficient β was measured to be 234 cm/GW and the nonlinear refraction coefficient γ was measured to be −104×10 −4 cm 2 /GW at the on-axis peak intensities I 0 of 0.5623 GW/cm 2 . It is found that β and γ decreased significantly with increasing I 0 , and the faster optical responses of β and γ should prove valuable in optical signal processing devices. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
ES 9400013 W | TREATMENT OF SOLID AND LIQUID EFFLUENTS FROM TAN-YARDS FOR REMOVING AND RECOVERING THE CHROMIUM CONTAINED IN THE EFFLUENTS | The present invention relates to the integral treatment of chromium containing wastes from tan-yards according to the diagram of figure (1). There is provided one or two solid (1) and/or liquid (2) effluents which contain chromium. The solid effluent is subjected to a treatment (4) with perborate (3) producing a chromium-free residue (5) which is treated by conventional methods (for example hydrolysis in order to produce gums or chelagen) and waters which contain the chromium present as Cr(VI). Said Cr(VI) is reduced to Cr(III) by reduction in acid medium at (6). In a reactor (7) the solution containing Cr(III) is treated continuously with an alkaline solution (8), to give waters with less than 1 ppm of Cr (9) and a pulp (10) containing Cr(OH)3.3H2O from which is obtained, by acidification with sulphuric acid, a concentrated solution of chromium sulphate reusable in the same tan-yard. The present invention provides for the precipitation of Cr(III) contained in solutions, by using magnesium hydroxide (or a mixture with NaOH); the chromium-containing solution is slowly and continuously added to another solution, maintained at a temperature between 60 and 63 DEG C, to which is also added the neutralizing agent. Thereby, the precipitate obtained has particular characteristics of solubility and settling which cannot be obtained in a precipitate produced with other neutralizers. In the solid wastes, the oxidation is performed by stirring these chopped wastes with an aqueous solution which contains a perborate in the proportion of at least 1.5 mol of BO3<-> per at-g of Cr contained in the residues (for example 2.35 g of NaBO3 per g of Cr), during a period of time longer than 10 minutes, the recommended amount of perborate to be used, if sodic salt is used, being from 3.3 to 3.7 g of NaBO3 per g of Cr contained in the residue to be treated and the recommended treatment time being 45 minutes. The perborate may be substituted by a mixture of oxygenated water, H2O2, and a borate (for example borax) in a solution whose pH must be comprised between 7.5 and 11.5, preferably between 8.5 and 9.5. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Environmental Biology, Ecology and Evolution"
]
|
10.1098/rstb.2015.0505 | Convergent evolution of pathogenicity islands in helper
cos
phage interference | Staphylococcus aureus pathogenicity islands (SaPIs) are phage satellites that exploit the life cycle of their helper phages for their own benefit. Most SaPIs are packaged by their helper phages using a headful ( pac ) packaging mechanism. These SaPIs interfere with pac phage reproduction through a variety of strategies, including the redirection of phage capsid assembly to form small capsids, a process that depends on the expression of the SaPI-encoded cpm A and cpm B genes. Another SaPI subfamily is induced and packaged by cos -type phages, and although these cos SaPIs also block the life cycle of their inducing phages, the basis for this mechanism of interference remains to be deciphered. Here we have identified and characterized one mechanism by which the SaPIs interfere with cos phage reproduction. This mechanism depends on a SaPI-encoded gene, ccm , which encodes a protein involved in the production of small isometric capsids, compared with the prolate helper phage capsids. As the Ccm and CpmAB proteins are completely unrelated in sequence, this strategy represents a fascinating example of convergent evolution. Moreover, this result also indicates that the production of SaPI-sized particles is a widespread strategy of phage interference conserved during SaPI evolution. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The new bacteriology’. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP04(2019)008 | On Brane Gaugino Condensates In 10D | We analyze the structure of gaugino interactions on D7-branes from a 10d perspective. This is essential if one wants to lift the standard 4d approach to type IIB moduli stabilization to 10d. In particular, a 10d picture has recently been used to raise concerns about the KKLT proposal for constructing de Sitter vacua, and to lend support to swampland conjectures against de Sitter. However, the analyses of brane gaugino condensation so far are plagued by UV divergences and do not include local 4-fermion terms. They also fail to reproduce the 4-fermion terms required by supergravity when compactified to four dimensions. Motivated by the structure of heterotic and Hořava-Witten theories, we suggest an extension of the brane action by a particular 4-fermion operator that resolves the above problems. Crucially, the UV divergence is cancelled and the expected structure of the 4d effective action is reproduced. We believe that attempts at a 10d description of KKLT have to be reconsidered in this new light. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1002/2014JB011262 | Retrieving Surface Waves From Ambient Seismic Noise Using Seismic Interferometry By Multidimensional Deconvolution | Retrieving virtual source surface waves from ambient seismic noise by cross correlation assumes, among others, that the noise field is equipartitioned and the medium is lossless. Violation of these assumptions reduces the accuracy of the retrieved waves. A point-spread function computed from the same ambient noise quantifies the associated virtual source's spatial and temporal smearing. Multidimensional deconvolution (MDD) of the retrieved surface waves by this function has been shown to improve the virtual source's focusing and the accuracy of the retrieved waves using synthetic data. We tested MDD on data recorded during the Batholiths experiment, a passive deployment of broadband seismic sensors in British Columbia, Canada. The array consisted of two approximately linear station lines. Using 4 months of recordings, we retrieved fundamental-mode Rayleigh waves (0. 05–0. 27 Hz). We only used noise time windows dominated by waves that traverse the northern line before reaching the southern (2. 5% of all data). Compared to the conventional cross-correlation result based on this subset, the MDD waveforms are better localized and have significantly higher signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, MDD corrects the phase, and the spatial deconvolution fills in a spectral (f, k domain) gap between the single-frequency and double-frequency microseism bands. Frequency whitening of the noise also fills the gap in the cross-correlation result, but the signal-to-noise ratio of the MDD result remains higher. Comparison of the extracted phase velocities shows some differences between the methods, also when all data are included in the conventional cross correlation. | [
"Earth System Science",
"Condensed Matter Physics"
]
|
10.1073/pnas.1701447115 | Molecular epidemiology reveals the role of war in the spread of HIV in Ukraine | Ukraine has one of the largest HIV epidemics in Europe, historically driven by people who inject drugs (PWID). The epidemic showed signs of stabilization in 2012, but the recent war in eastern Ukraine may be reigniting virus spread. We investigated the movement of HIV-infected people within Ukraine before and during the conflict. We analyzed HIV-1 subtype-A pol nucleotide sequences sampled during 2012–2015 from 427 patients of 24 regional AIDS centers and used phylogeographic analysis to reconstruct virus movement among different locations in Ukraine. We then tested for correlations between reported PWID behaviors and reconstructed patterns of virus spread. Our analyses suggest that Donetsk and Lugansk, two cities not controlled by the Ukrainian government in eastern Ukraine, were significant exporters of the virus to the rest of the country. Additional analyses showed that viral dissemination within the country changed after 2013. Spearman correlation analysis showed that incoming virus flow was correlated with the number of HIV-infected internally displaced people. Additionally, there was a correlation between more intensive virus movement and locations with a higher proportion of PWID practicing risky sexual behaviors. Our findings suggest that effective prevention responses should involve internally displaced people and people who frequently travel to war-affected regions. Scale-up of harm reduction services for PWID will be an important factor in preventing new local HIV outbreaks in Ukraine. | [
"Immunity, Infection and Immunotherapy",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Human Mobility, Environment, and Space"
]
|
interreg_2546 | New generations | The “New generations” project aims at providing scope for manoeuvre for the new generations of artists who are completing their studies at the Accademia di Belle Arti in Venice and the Academy of Fine Arts in Ljubljana, or who have just finished their training and are gradually emerging in the world of art. This project organizes monthly events, i.e. one evening during which every author illustrates his/her work with a performance or showing a video. Two events are envisaged for every author; in Venice they take place in the A+A Gallery, and in Slovenia they are held in Ljubljana - Škuc and Modern Galleries - and in the Coastal galleries of Piran - Pirano. At the end of the programme, an exhibition gathers the best authors of the two countries, first in Venice and then in Piran - Pirano, and a round table is organized with artists, editors and chairmen of several institutions to debate the problems of the young authors in the two countries. The project aims at fostering cultural exchanges which involve young artists in particular, but also the institutions operating in this cultural sector in the two countries, in order to provide the new generations with wide scope for manoeuvre and to create longlasting relationships. | [
"Studies of Cultures and Arts"
]
|
10.1038/ncomms12826 | Layer-specific cholinergic control of human and mouse cortical synaptic plasticity | Individual cortical layers have distinct roles in information processing. All layers receive cholinergic inputs from the basal forebrain (BF), which is crucial for cognition. Acetylcholinergic receptors are differentially distributed across cortical layers, and recent evidence suggests that different populations of BF cholinergic neurons may target specific prefrontal cortical (PFC) layers, raising the question of whether cholinergic control of the PFC is layer dependent. Here we address this issue and reveal dendritic mechanisms by which endogenous cholinergic modulation of synaptic plasticity is opposite in superficial and deep layers of both mouse and human neocortex. Our results show that in different cortical layers, spike timing-dependent plasticity is oppositely regulated by the activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) either located on dendrites of principal neurons or on GABAergic interneurons. Thus, layer-specific nAChR expression allows functional layer-specific control of cortical processing and plasticity by the BF cholinergic system, which is evolutionarily conserved from mice to humans. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions"
]
|
10.1016/j.cognition.2018.11.010 | A mechanistic account of bodily resonance and implicit bias | Implicit social biases play a critical role in shaping our attitudes towards other people. Such biases are thought to arise, in part, from a comparison between features of one's own self-image and those of another agent, a process known as ‘bodily resonance’. Recent data have demonstrated that implicit bias can be remarkably plastic, being modulated by brief immersive virtual reality experiences that place participants in a virtual body with features of an out-group member. Here, we provide a mechanistic account of bodily resonance and implicit bias in terms of a putative self-image network that encodes associations between different features of an agent. When subsequently perceiving another agent, the output of this self-image network is proportional to the overlap between their respective features, providing an index of bodily resonance. By combining the self-image network with a drift diffusion model of decision making, we simulate performance on the implicit association test (IAT) and show that the model captures the ubiquitous implicit bias towards in-group members. We subsequently demonstrate that this implicit bias can be modulated by a simulated illusory body ownership experience, consistent with empirical data; and that the magnitude and plasticity of implicit bias correlates with self-esteem. Hence, we provide a simple mechanistic account of bodily resonance and implicit bias which could contribute to the development of interventions for reducing the negative evaluation of social out-groups. | [
"The Human Mind and Its Complexity",
"The Social World and Its Interactions"
]
|
10.1161/CIRCGEN.118.001947 | Genotype Based Recall Studies In Complex Cardiometabolic Traits | In genotype-based recall (GBR) studies, people (or their biological samples) who carry genotypes of special interest for a given hypothesis test are recalled from a larger cohort (or biobank) for more detailed investigations. There are several GBR study designs that offer a range of powerful options to elucidate (1) genotype-phenotype associations (by increasing the efficiency of genetic association studies, thereby allowing bespoke phenotyping in relatively small cohorts), (2) the effects of environmental exposures (within the Mendelian randomization framework), and (3) gene-treatment interactions (within the setting of GBR interventional trials). In this review, we overview the literature on GBR studies as applied to cardiometabolic health outcomes. We also review the GBR approaches used to date and outline new methods and study designs that might enhance the utility of GBR-focused studies. Specifically, we highlight how GBR methods have the potential to augment randomized controlled trials, providing an alternative application for the now increasingly accepted Mendelian randomization methods usually applied to large-scale population-based data sets. Further to this, we consider how functional and basic science approaches alongside GBR designs offer intellectually intriguing and potentially powerful ways to explore the implications of alterations to specific (and potentially druggable) biological pathways. | [
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems"
]
|
616622 | Control of translation efficiency in proliferating and differentiated mammalian cells | Translation maps the transcriptome onto the proteome. It is regulated at the initiation levels and also by mRNA secondary structure, and – our current focus – by the interplay between the mRNA and tRNA pools. Although a lot is known about the mechanics of translation, its effects on physiology, particularly on proliferation and differentiation in mammals presents major open questions.
tRNAProlif offers an approach that consists of genome-wide measurements and analyses of the tRNA and mRNAs pools, and the interplay between them, in proliferative and differentiated cells. The project will explain how changes in translation affect, and are affected by, these two states.
We rely on our preliminary results that show a striking dichotomy in codon usage: genes involved in cellular proliferation have distinct codon usage compared to genes involved in differentiation and other multi-cellular process. Further, the tRNA pool consists of two distinct sub-populations: tRNAs whose codons are enriched among the proliferation genes are induced in proliferation and cancer, and tRNAs whose codons are enriched in differentiation genes are repressed in proliferation and are induced in differentiation. Towards understanding this “tRNA Switch” we aim at:
Causality: We will determine whether the tRNA pool affects the proliferation/differentiation status of cell. Conversely, we will determine the effects of the proliferation/differentiation status on the tRNA pool.
Regulation: We will establish the regulatory scheme that governs the “tRNA Switch”: we will determine the effects of transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation on the tRNAs, depending on cell state. We will determine how the balance between the two tRNA sub-populations affects the proteome.
Evolution: We will conduct comparative genomics of regulation of tRNA availability and codon usage and its effect on physiology in multiple species. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1039/C7SC05388F | A Practical Organic Mediated Hybrid Electrolyser That Decouples Hydrogen Production At High Current Densities | Hydrogen is seen as a sustainable fuel of the future, yet the vast majority of global hydrogen production comes from the reformation of fossil fuels. Electrolytic water splitting using proton exchange membrane electrolysers (PEMEs) provides a pathway to sustainable hydrogen production through coupling to renewable energy sources, but can suffer from gas crossover at low current densities and high operating pressures, causing explosive gas mixtures and decreasing cell lifetimes. Here we demonstrate the application of a highly stable, organic electron-coupled proton buffer (ECPB) which allows the decoupling of hydrogen and oxygen production during water splitting. By merging concepts from redox flow battery and PEM electrolysis research, we have built a hybrid electrolyser device capable of decoupling the gas evolution reactions during water splitting. The device improves on both gas purity and operational safety, while still working at industrially relevant, high current density. Anthraquinone-2,7-disulfonic acid was used as an organic redox mediator in this two-step process, producing H2 at current densities of up to 3. 71 A cm−2 at 2. 00 V, extending the concept of the ECPB. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Synthetic Chemistry and Materials",
"Products and Processes Engineering"
]
|
10.1007/JHEP10(2014)070 | String Perturbation Theory Around Dynamically Shifted Vacuum | In some string theories, e. g. SO(32) heterotic string theory on Calabi-Yau manifolds, a massless field with a tree level potential can acquire a tachyonic mass at the one loop level, forcing us to quantize the theory around a new background that is not a solution to the classical equations of motion and hence is not described by a conformally invariant world-sheet theory. We describe a systematic procedure for carrying out string perturbation theory around such backgrounds. | [
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter",
"Mathematics"
]
|
10.1051/0004-6361/201937153 | Implications Of Three Dimensional Chemical Transport In Hot Jupiter Atmospheres Results From A Consistently Coupled Chemistry Radiation Hydrodynamics Model | We present results from a set of simulations using a fully coupled three-dimensional (3D) chemistry-radiation-hydrodynamics model and investigate the effect of transport of chemical species by the large-scale atmospheric flow in hot Jupiter atmospheres. We coupled a flexible chemical kinetics scheme to the Met Office Unified Model, which enables the study of the interaction of chemistry, radiative transfer, and fluid dynamics. We used a newly-released “reduced” chemical network, comprising 30 chemical species, that was specifically developed for its application in 3D atmosphere models. We simulated the atmospheres of the well-studied hot Jupiters HD 209458b and HD 189733b which both have dayside–nightside temperature contrasts of several hundred Kelvin and superrotating equatorial jets. We find qualitatively quite different chemical structures between the two planets, particularly for methane (CH4), when advection of chemical species is included. Our results show that consideration of 3D chemical transport is vital in understanding the chemical composition of hot Jupiter atmospheres. Three-dimensional mixing leads to significant changes in the abundances of absorbing gas-phase species compared with what would be expected by assuming local chemical equilibrium, or from models including 1D – and even 2D – chemical mixing. We find that CH4, carbon dioxide (CO2), and ammonia (NH3) are particularly interesting as 3D mixing of these species leads to prominent signatures of out-of-equilibrium chemistry in the transmission and emission spectra, which are detectable with near-future instruments. | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Universe Sciences"
]
|
638694 | Men, Women and Care: The gendering of formal and informal care-giving in interwar Britain | One of the most profound and long-lasting effects of the war efforts of all major combatant nations during the First World War was the high number of casualties caused by modern industrial warfare. Examining the case of Britain, this project asks what formal and informal structures developed in the interwar years to provide medical and social care to the unprecedented number of war disabled. It further explores how these different forms of care both were shaped by gendered understandings of care-giving and utilized gender to mobilize public and private support for disabled ex-servicemen. While there have been a number of studies of charitable organizations established for the care of disabled ex-servicemen, and of the relationships between the State, the soldier and his family in this era, this is the first study to examine the role of these formal institutions alongside and in relation to the informal social and medical care provided by the family in this period. Through its examination of issues of social, political and domestic responsibility for the care of disabled ex-servicemen, issues which continue to have relevance in light of the survival of service personnel from conflicts such as Iraq and Afghanistan who have suffered massive injuries and multiple amputations, the project seeks not only to engage with historical discussions of the development of medical practice in the first half of the twentieth century but also, through engagement with current policy makers working with and for disabled service personnel, to make a significant intervention into contemporary social policy relating to the provision of medical and social care. By utilizing the methodological prism of gender studies, this project also explores the ways in which medical and social care were gendered to interrogate social and cultural understandings of care-giving in the first half of the 20th century and thereby gain greater insight into the relationships between men, women and care. | [
"The Social World and Its Interactions",
"The Study of the Human Past"
]
|
Q3903540 | FOCUS Technologies | The dynamics in the development of information technologies and the penetration of web-based solutions in all aspects of business and commercial activity increase the requirements for developers — both in technical terms and in terms of terms of implementation of specialised services. This is why the strategic goal of Skale FOCUS AD and this project is to achieve quality improvement of existing services and implementation of new ones for testing when making changes in the electronic systems of customers. In this regard, the project envisages the implementation of the following two main activities:1. Activity to add new features or improve existing products and services2. The activities will be realised through the purchase and implementation of 7 types of assets — specialised equipment and software, with expected results of increasing exports, achieving higher productivity, increasing the added value of services and products, improving the efficiency of costs and inputs. | [
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1146/annurev-immunol-031210-101329 | Mechanisms that promote and suppress chromosomal translocations in lymphocytes | Recurrent chromosomal translocations are characteristic features of many types of cancers, especially lymphomas and leukemias. Several basic mechanistic factors are required for the generation of most translocations. First, DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) must be present simultaneously at the two participating loci. Second, the two broken loci must either be in proximity or be moved into proximity to be joined. Finally, cellular DNA repair pathways must be available to join the two broken loci to complete the translocation. These mechanistic factors can vary in different normal and mutant cells and, as a result, substantially influence the frequency at which particular translocations are generated in a given cell type. Ultimately, however, appearance of recurrent oncogenic translocations in tumors is, in most cases, strongly influenced by selection for the translocated oncogene during the tumorigenesis process. In this review, we discuss in depth the factors and pathways that contribute to the generation of translocations in lymphocytes and other cell types. We also discuss recent findings regarding mechanisms that underlie the appearance of recurrent translocations in tumors. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Integrative Biology: from Genes and Genomes to Systems",
"Cell Biology, Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration"
]
|
10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.07.053 | Integrated Motorway Traffic Flow Control with Delay Balancing | The development and deployment of simple, yet efficient, coordinated and integrated control tools for motorway traffic control remains a challenge. A generic integrated motorway traffic flow control concept is proposed in this paper. It is based on the combination and suitable extension of control algorithms and tools proposed or deployed in other studies, such as ramp metering or VSL (Variable Speed Limit)-enabled cascade-feedback mainstream traffic flow control, and allows for consideration of multiple bottlenecks. The new controller enables coordination of ramp metering actions at a series of on-ramps, as well as integration with VSL control actions, towards a common control goal, which is bottleneck throughput maximisation. The approach enables a pre-specified (desired) balancing of the incurred delays upstream of the employed actuators, via a suitably designed knapsack algorithm. Despite the multitude of the offered configurations, options and possibilities, the overall control algorithm remains simple, efficient and suitable for field implementation. The control algorithm is evaluated and demonstrated using a validated macroscopic traffic flow model for a number of scenarios. | [
"Systems and Communication Engineering",
"Products and Processes Engineering",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
741538 | Unequal Democracies | The proposed research program explores the implications of rising income inequality for the political process in advanced democracies and for the policies produced by competition among political parties and organized interests. The program posits that the political implications of inequality operates through two channels: inequality influences what citizens want from government, but it also affects political participation and influence and hence, by extension, government responsiveness to the preferences of different citizens. Students of the politics of inequality have tended to focus on only one channel, to the neglect of the other. The fundamental objective of the proposed research program is to develop a unified framework that draws on both research traditions and, in so doing, addresses lacunae in each. Another objective is to explore how the political consequences of low-end inequality (growing separation of the poor from the middle class) differ from the political consequences of high-end inequality (the growing concentration of income at the very top of the income distribution). The core questions that animate the research program are “macro” questions, pertaining processes and outcomes that are observed at the country level (or, in other words, the political-system level), but these questions will be addressed, in part, through analyses of individual attitudes, preferences and behavior. The latter analyses will involve a couple of original surveys, including a survey of attitudes towards the rich, as well as the use of existing national and cross-national survey data. With respect to macro-level comparisons, the research program will emphasize changes over time: changes in the structure of inequality as well as the level of inequality, changes in preferences and coalitions among citizens and organized interests and, finally, changes in income (or class) bias in democratic representation. | [
"Institutions, Governance and Legal Systems",
"Individuals, Markets and Organisations"
]
|
3739810 | Evolving reversible immunocapture by membrane sensing peptides: towards scalable extracellular vesicles isolation | Extracellular vesicles (EV) are submicron membrane vesicles released by most cells with a fundamental role in cell-to-cell communication. Much interest is flourishing towards their exploitation in regenerative medicine and diagnostics. However, the fulfilment of the EV promise is hampered by severe limitations in their isolation, characterization and manufacturing. A particularly arduous task is to move the isolation of specific EV subpopulations beyond the analytical scale and towards scalable processes. In this scenario, our project will leverage on DNA-directed reversible immunocapturing (rDDI), a new technology developed within FET-OPEN project “INDEX”. rDDI relies on the reversible EV isolation mediated by immunoaffinity followed by intact vesicles recovery upon enzymatic cleavage of a DNA linker used to anchor antibodies on solid supports. Despite unprecedented efficiency in the recovery of highly pure EVs, limitations inherent to antibodies (high costs, batch-to-batch variation and limited versatility of chemical manipulation) substantially impair the scalability of rDDI for any operating scale exceeding the analytical one. MARVEL targets a paradigm shift from antibodies to peptides as an alternative class of affinity ligands for EV capturing by introducing membrane-sensing peptides (MSP) as novel ligands for the size-selective capturing of small EV, unbiased by differential surface protein expression. MARVEL mission is to combine and implement rDDI and MSP technologies, towards the first and best performing ever affinity-based technology for scalable and reversible small EV (<200nm) isolation. The modularity in scaling-up of the novel protocols and kits will be demonstrated on medium/large sample volumes in relevant environments for therapeutic and diagnostics use of EVs and specifically: 1) In the manufacturing of GMP-grade EVs as a medicinal product for cardiac repair; 2) In urine-based liquid biopsy for bladder cancer diagnostics. | [
"Molecules of Life: Biological Mechanisms, Structures and Functions",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Biotechnology and Biosystems Engineering",
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences"
]
|
10.1515/opar-2015-0010 | Further Frontiers in GIS: Extending Spatial Analysis to Textual Sources in Archaeology | AbstractAlthough the use of Geographic Information Systems (GIS) has a long history in archaeology,
spatial technologies have been rarely used to analyse the content of textual collections. A newly
developed approach termed Geographic Text Analysis (GTA) is now allowing the semi-automated
exploration of large corpora incorporating a combination of Natural Language Processing techniques,
Corpus Linguistics, and GIS. In this article we explain the development of GTA, propose possible uses
of this methodology in the field of archaeology, and give a summary of the challenges that emerge from
this type of analysis. | [
"The Study of the Human Past",
"Computer Science and Informatics"
]
|
10.1103/PhysRevX.6.031002 | Interacting electrodynamics of short coherent conductors in quantum circuits | When combining lumped mesoscopic electronic components to form a circuit, quantum fluctuations of electrical quantities lead to a nonlinear electromagnetic interaction between the components, which is generally not understood. The Landauer-Büttiker formalism that is frequently used to describe noninteracting coherent mesoscopic components is not directly suited to describe such circuits since it assumes perfect voltage bias, i. e. , the absence of fluctuations. Here, we show that for short coherent conductors of arbitrary transmission, the Landauer-Büttiker formalism can be extended to take into account quantum voltage fluctuations similarly to what is done for tunnel junctions. The electrodynamics of the whole circuit is then formally worked out disregarding the non-Gaussianity of fluctuations. This reveals how the aforementioned nonlinear interaction operates in short coherent conductors: Voltage fluctuations induce a reduction of conductance through the phenomenon of dynamical Coulomb blockade, but they also modify their internal density of states, leading to an additional electrostatic modification of the transmission. Using this approach, we can quantitatively account for conductance measurements performed on quantum point contacts in series with impedances of the order of RK =h/e2. Our work should enable a better engineering of quantum circuits with targeted properties. | [
"Condensed Matter Physics",
"Systems and Communication Engineering"
]
|
10.3389/fnins.2018.00485 | Lateral habenula gone awry in depression: Bridging cellular adaptations with therapeutics | Depression is a highly heterogeneous disease characterized by symptoms spanning from anhedonia and behavioral despair to social withdrawal and learning deficit. Such diversity of behavioral phenotypes suggests that discrete neural circuits may underlie precise aspects of the disease, rendering its treatment an unmet challenge for modern neuroscience. Evidence from humans and animal models indicate that the lateral habenula (LHb), an epithalamic center devoted to processing aversive stimuli, is aberrantly affected during depression. This raises the hypothesis that rescuing maladaptations within this nucleus may be a potential way to, at least partially, treat aspects of mood disorders. In this review article, we will discuss pre-clinical and clinical evidence highlighting the role of LHb and its cellular adaptations in depression. We will then describe interventional approaches aiming to rescue LHb dysfunction and ultimately ameliorate depressive symptoms. Altogether, we aim to merge the mechanistic-, circuit-, and behavioral-level knowledge obtained about LHb maladaptations in depression to build a general framework that might prove valuable for potential therapeutic interventions. | [
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases"
]
|
10.1002/jmri.26181 | Phase contrast MRI measurements of net cerebrospinal fluid flow through the cerebral aqueduct are confounded by respiration | Background: Net cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow through the cerebral aqueduct may serve as a marker of CSF production in the lateral ventricles, and changes that occur with aging and in disease. Purpose: To investigate the confounding influence of the respiratory cycle on net CSF flow and stroke volume measurements. Study Type: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: Twelve young, healthy subjects (seven male, age range 19–39 years, average age 28. 3 years). Field Strength/Sequence: Phase contrast MRI (PC-MRI) measurements were performed at 7T, with and without respiratory gating on expiration and on inspiration. All measurements were repeated. Assessment: Net CSF flow and stroke volume in the aqueduct, over the cardiac cycle, was determined. Statistical Tests: Repeatability was determined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and linear regression analysis between the repeated measurements. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare the measurements during inspiration/expiration/no gating. Linear regression analysis was performed between the net CSF flow difference (inspiration minus expiration) and stroke volume. Results: Net CSF flow (average ± standard deviation) was 0. 64 ± 0. 32 mL/min (caudal) during expiration, 0. 12 ± 0. 49 mL/min (cranial) during inspiration, and 0. 31 ± 0. 18 mL/min (caudal) without respiratory gating. Respiratory gating did not affect stroke volume measurements (41 ± 18, 42 ± 19, 42 ± 19 μL/cycle for expiration, no respiratory gating and inspiration, respectively). Repeatability was best during inspiration (ICC = 0. 88/0. 56/–0. 31 for gating on inspiration/expiration/no gating). A positive association was found between average stroke volume and net flow difference between inspiration and expiration (R = 0. 678/0. 605, P = 0. 015/0. 037 for the first/second repeated measurement). Data Conclusion: Measured net CSF flow is confounded by respiration effects. Therefore, net CSF flow measurements with PC-MRI cannot in isolation be directly linked to CSF production. Level of Evidence: 1. Technical Efficacy: Stage 2. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;49:433–444. | [
"Prevention, Diagnosis and Treatment of Human Diseases",
"Neuroscience and Disorders of the Nervous System",
"Physiology in Health, Disease and Ageing"
]
|
W1945123893 | Improved techniques for the calculation of<i>ab initio</i>ion-neutral interaction potentials: application to coinage metal ions interacting with rare gas atoms | Ab initio values for the potential energy functions for ion–neutral interactions can be tested by comparison with gaseous ion transport coefficients, but only if special care is taken to compute the interaction potentials accurately over wide ranges of internuclear separation. This is illustrated here by a reanalysis of the ab initio values for the coinage metal ions interacting with rare gas atoms, precise calculations of the transport cross sections over extremely wide ranges of energy, and similarly precise calculations of the zero-field ion mobilities as functions of gas temperature and the field-dependent ion mobilities at various fixed temperatures. The calculations indicate that the mobilities for Ag+(1S) moving in Ne or Ar can distinguish between the existing, very similar ab initio potentials. They also show that substantial differences exist among the mobilities of the coinage metal anions and the ground and excited states of the cations. The techniques implemented are recommended for future ab ... | [
"Physical and Analytical Chemical Sciences",
"Fundamental Constituents of Matter"
]
|
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